,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,ideal ,,section ,,( ,,e>?',s ,,cru/ ,,eras ,,ages ,,p]iods ,,/rata ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,t]race ,,by*ozoic,,man ,,quat]n>y ,,*ampla9 ,,glacial ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,plioc5e ,,c5ozoic ,,mammals ,,t]ti>y ,,mioc5e ,,eoc5e ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,birds ,,cretace\s ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,jurassic ,,reptiles ---------------------------------------- ,,triassic ,,mesozoic ---------------------------------------- ,,acrog5s ,,p]mian ,,amphibians ,,c>bonif]\s ,,c>bonif]\s ,,sub-,,c>bonif]\s ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,fi%es ,,devonian ,,catskill1 ,,*emung ,,cornif]\s1 ,etc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,silurian ,,l[ ,,held]b]g ,,paleozoic ,,niag>a ---------------------------------------- ,,inv]tebrates,,ordovician ,,lorra9e1 ,,tr5ton ,,*azy ---------------------------------------- ,,cambrian ,,potsdam1 ,,acadian ,,georgia ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,k5esaw ,,algonkian ,,huronian1 ,etc4 ,,eozoic ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,ar*aean ,,laur5tian1 ,etc4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,azoic ,,era ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,frontispiece4 ,nature ,read]s4 ,,sea-,,side ,,& ,,way-,,side4 ,no4 #d4 ,,by ,,julia ,mc,n,a,i,r ,,wright4 8#8,come1 w&] ) me1' %e said1 ,into regions yet untrod1 ,& read :at is /ill unread ,9 ! manuscripts ( ,god4'0 ,,longfell[1 ,poem on ! fiftie? bir?day ( ,agassiz4 ,illu/rat$ by ,c4 ,s4 ,k+4 ,,bo/on1 ,u4,s4,a43 ,d4 ,c4 ,,hea? ,,co41 ,,publi%]s4 #ahib4 ,,copyright1 #ahia1 ,,by ,d4 ,c4 ,,hea? ,,co4 ,,typography ,,by ,j4 ,s4 ,,cu%+ ,,co41 ,,bo/on1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,presswork ,,by ,,b]wick ,,smi?1 ,,bo/on1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,preface4 ,says ,cic]o3 8,!re is no?+ s *>m+ z ! k ( t bran* ( lit]ature :i* enables u to discov] ! imm5sity ( nature1 ! heav5s1 ! e>?1 & ! seas2 ?is is ! bran* :i* has taught u religion1 mod]ation1 & magnanimity1 & has rescu$ ! s\l f obscurity to make u see all ?+s above1 bel[1 & betwe5 bo?40 ,su* lit]ature z ?is is n[ m>k$ly 9 ! asc5dant4 ,natural sci5ce seems to be pre-em95tly ! com+ pursuit ( ! com+ man1 & natural sci5ce has be5 wond]fully popul>iz$ 9 books suit$ to ^? :o )\t expect+ to be speciali/s desire to be well in=m$ & to look und]/&+ly at ! _w :i* lies ab\t !m4 ,sev]al decades h gone by s9ce ,mi*elet1 ) 8 m>vell\s books1 8,! ,bird0 & 8,! ,insect10 & ,hugh ,mill]1 *a/e1 graphic1 & en?usia/ic 9 8 8,old ,r$ ,s&/one10 8,! ,cruise ( ! ,betsy10 & 8,! ,te/imony ( ! ,rocks10 op5$ glori\s new worlds be=e a ris+ g5]ation4 ,t g5]ation is n[ do+ good "w "u ! inspiration ( ! impetus !n receiv$4 ,our libr>y %elves are to-day afflu5t 9 books t are h&maids ( natural sci5ce4 ,tait & ,balf\r ,/ew>t 9 _! 8,unse5 ,univ]se0 h br\ght m>vels ( _w-build+ )9 range ( our n>r[] k54 ,argyle 9 8 8,unity ( ,nature0 & 8,reign ( ,law0 & 8,primeval ,man10 int]pret$ mighty & f>-rea*+ h>monies4 ,pr9cipal ,sir ,william ,dawson1 9 8 8,/ory ( ! ,e>? & ,man10 br+s ! successive geologic ages be=e u ) ! vividness ( "s ma/]-pa9t]4 ,d>w9 & ,huxley1 detail+ exp]im5ts1 h n scorn$ to come )9 ! rea* ( ! unle>n$ m9d4 ,9 botany1 ! pleas+1 en?usia/ic1 if (t5 errone\s g5]alizations1 ( ,grant ,all5 h _! use & place beside ! /rong] works ( ,cooke1 ,gray1 ,jaeg>1 ,taylor1 & o!rs4 ,our ,gray1 tak+ a lead+ rank among sy/ematic botani/s1 did n disda9 to write = *ildr5 8,h[ ,plants ,gr[40 ,no man has done m t[>d popul>iz+ natural sci5ce ?an ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood 9 8 num]\s works4 ,k+sley1 ) 8 exquisite ,engli%1 has giv5 u 8,t[n ,geology10 & ,tyndale has told u ( 8,=ms ( ,wat]40 ,buckl& & ,gosse h writt5 :at "y & old h rejoic$ to read4 ,! eld]s h sat d[n ) ! juniors to revel 9 ,arabella ,buckley's 8,fairy-,l& ( ,sci5ce0 & 8,life & ,h] ,*ildr510 :ile ,camille ,flamm>ion has made d\bly eloqu5t to u ! midnight skies4 ,x seems almo/ invidi\s to "n a few out ( ! _m au?ors :o h writt5 n m]ely te*nical books = /udy1 b popul> works on natural sci5ce1 to be read on sea-%ore & road-side1 on a b5* 9 ! g>d51 or ly+ "u or*>d trees1 or sitt+ 9 ! woods ) a brook purl+ at our feet4 ,mc,cook has made _m insects our daily fri5ds & tea*]s4 ,?ompson1 ,mrs4 ,treat1 & ,olive ,t4 ,mill] h made ! birds n only ! gue/s ( our maples1 b ( our he>ts4 ,! p>5t & tea*] ne$ no long] compla9 t !y _c f9d ! in=mation cle>ly giv5 ne$$ = replies to multitud9\s h\rly 8:ys0 & 8h[s03 ! pres5t age is prodigal to its *ildr54 ,! ,nature ,read]s h be5 writt5 to direct ! m9ds ( our y\? 9 _! fir/ /udies to ! pleasant ways ( ,natural ,sci5ce4 ,_! ma9 object has be5 to cultivate ! faculty ( obs]vation1 awak5 en?usiasm1 & direct ta/e 9 noble l9es4 ,! pres5t volume is design$ to op5 ! way = sev]] /udies 9 geology1 a/ronomy1 & biology4 ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,note4 ,natural ,sci5ce is s plac$ 9 ! =e-front ( ! /udies ( ! pres5t age t no apology is ne$$ = press+ x ^u ! s*ools4 ,to object to ?is pursuit is simply to write oneself a lagg>d beh9d ! times4 ,we c d little t is bett] = our *ildr5 ?an to tea* !m t ! _w is law-full to ! core4 ,two me?ods ( /udy are ard5tly advocat$ by ^? :o in/ruct 9 natural sci5ce4 ,! "o dem&s practical p]sonal inve/igation1--no?+ b inve/igation1--deprecates ! use ( text-books1 & insi/s ^u ! object only4 ,ano!r1 p]haps a lazi] fa%ion1 is to ignore ! object & relegate ! pupil only to ! text-books4 ,b 9 m$io tutissimus ibis holds "h4 ,! *ild %\ld inde$ obs]ve1 &1 if x c1 discov]2 b let u by no means deprive x ( ! inh]itance ( ! ages4 ,:y %\ld we set ! =tunate *ild ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 ! condition ( ! *ild ( ! fir/ or f\rte5? c5turies8 ,let u give ! pupil ! b5efit ( ! be/ t has be5 discov]$ & detail$4 ,& :at b5efit %all he d]ive f su* /udy8 ,let u quote f ! ,report ( ! ,briti% ,royal ,education ,committee3 8,if ! object ( education is ! fitt+ ( pupils = ^? duties !y w be call$ on to p]=m1 !n in/ruction 9 sci5ce is second only 9 importance to in/ruction 9 read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic4 ,no subject is bett] calculat$ to awak5 ! int]e/ & intellig5ce ( pupils ?an ! /udy ( ,natural ,sci5ce40 ,,cont5ts4 ,,lesson ,,page ,i4 ,,e>?-,,build+ #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,cont95t #i ,,iii4 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,crabs ,,& ,,corals #ae ,,iv4 ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,! ,,p9es ,,& ,,! ,,reptiles #bd ,v4 ,,! ,,palm ,,& ,,! ,,max #cb ,,vi4 ,,! ,,/>ry ,,heav5s #ch ,,vii4 ,a ,,fragm5t ,,( ,,! ,,milky ,,way #df ,,viii4 ,,plan ,,& ,,progression #ef ,,ix4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,! ,,day #fd ,x4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,! ,,night #gb ,,xi4 ,,vani%$ ,,fauna #gh ,,xii4 ,a ,,m\nta9 ,,( ,,fossils #he ,,xiii4 ,,writt5 ,,9 ,,rocks #ic ,,xiv4 ,,footpr9ts ,,9 ,,! ,,s& #ajj ,,xv4 ,,! ,,w9t] ,,( ,,! ,,_w #ajg ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,cru/aceans #aae ,,xvii4 ,,/one ,,fi% ,,& ,,/one ,,lilies #abb ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,buri$ ,,reptiles #abi ,,xix4 ,,! ,,birds ,,( ,,o!r ,,days #ach ,,xx4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,mammals #ade ,,xxi4 ,a ,,v ,,old ,,family #aeb ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,m>vel ,,9 ,,mail #aei ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,build] #aff ,,xxiv4 ,,an ,,opossum ,,hunt #agd ,,xxv4 ,a ,,new ,,fa%ion ,,( ,,pappoose #aha ,,xxvi4 ,,l[ ,,d[n ,,9 ,,! ,,scale #ahi ,,xxvii4 ,,! ,,mallangong #aie ,,xxviii4 ,,beside ,,au/ralian ,,riv]s #bjj ,,xxix4 ,a ,,walk ,,among ,,wond]-,,trees #bjf ,,xxx4 ,,/ill ,,9 ,,! ,,wond]-,,grove #bac ,,xxxi4 ,a ,,noisy ,,family #bba ,,xxxii4 ,,! ,,frog',s ,,c\s9 #bbi ,,xxxiii4 ,,salam&]s #bcf ,,xxxiv4 ,a ,,d5iz5 ,,( ,,! ,,m>% ,,l&s #bdb ,,xxxv4 ,a ,,/rang] ,,f ,,mexico #bdg ,,xxxvi4 ,,"s ,,m]ry ,,little ,,fri5ds #beb ,,xxxvii4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,mon/] #bfj ,,xxxviii4 ,,el ,,lag>to #bfg ,,xxxix4 ,,wis] ,,?an ,,any ,,bea/ ,,( ,,! ,,field #bgb ,,xl4 ,,our ,,common ,,enemy #bhj ,,xli4 ,,) ,a ,,h\se ,,on ,,8 ,,back #bhe ,,xlii4 ,a ,,real ,,live ,,m]maid #bia ,,xliii4 ,,great ,,:ales ,,also #big ,,xliv4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,seal-,,sk9 ,,coat #cjc ,,xlv4 ,a ,,fly+ ,,mammal #cac ,,xlvi4 ,,ord] ,,out ,,( ,,confusion #cba ,,xlvii4 ,a ,,rem>kable ,,family #cbh ,,xlviii4 ,,! ,,gnaw]s #cce ,,xlix4 ,,odd ,,toes #cdb ,l4 ,,ev5 ,,toes #cea ,illu/ration3 ,,phases ,,( ,,e>?-,,build+4 ,,sea-,,side ,,& ,,way-,,side4 ,,lesson ,i4 ,,e>?-,,build+4 8,fair _w6 ^! puzzl$ s\ls ( ours gr[ weak ,) beat+ _! bruis$ w+s aga9/ ! rim ,t b\nds _! utmo/ fly+1 :5 !y seek ,! di/ant & ! dim4 8,cont5tm5t comes n !refrom2 /ill !re lies ,an out] di/ance :5 ! fir/ is hail$2 ,& /ill =ev] yawns be=e our eyes ,an utmo/ t is veil$40 --,,jean ,,+el[1 ,honors4 ,! />ry heav5s d n exi/ m]ely = u or = our e>?4 ,among ! spl5did orbs :i* roll 9 space1 e>? is b "o1 & x %9es ) pale & borr[$ light4 ,unnumb]$ sy/ems mov$ ^u _! c\rses be=e our globe 0 light$ by ! sun4 ,b1 = u :o live ^u ! e>? ! hi/ory ( ! ,univ]se op5s ) ?is small planet1 a "p ( :i* we see & "k4 ,x seems to u1 :5 we beg9 to inquire ab\t our e>?-home1 t x mu/ always h be5 a complete & f9i%$ _w1 j z x n[ is4 ,sci5ce d5ies ?is4 ,geology leads u f> back1 be=e "t began to be reckon$ "h1 & %[s u "s ( ! processes ( _w-build+4 ,"t 0 :5 ?is firm1 beautiful1 & life-fill$ e>? 0 a va/ sph]e ( gas1 de/itute ( all its pres5t ord]1 & )\t g]ms ( life4 ,z ! palace or ! temple rises into beauty & h>mony out ( va/ masses ( mat]ial1 su* z wood1 /one1 brick1 mort>1 iron1 & c\rse aft] c\rse is laid up 9 ! build+ accord+ to a def9ite patt]n1 s along ! process ( e>?-build+1 =ce & matt]1 p[] & mat]ial1 h be5 lay+ up ! c\rses ( ! e>? ^u a uni=m plan4 ,& is ! e>? n[ f9i%$8 ,t we _c say2 !re may be _m m a/oni%+ *anges yet 9 /ore = x4 ,we are n[ apt to call x ! 8solid e>?10 because ^? p>ts ( x ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 ! soil & ! rocks1 are ! mo/ solid ?+s t we "k2 b 9 pla9 fact ! e>? may /ill be p>tly liquid1 ) ! exception ( a comp>atively ?9 cru/4 ,! di/ance ?r\gh ?is ball1 our e>?1 is ne>ly eight ?\s& miles1 & ! surface1 or cru/1 is p]haps n[h]e ov] a hundr$ miles ?ick4 ,?us we might typify ! _w#a by a metal ball1 hav+ a ?9 %ell ( solid metal1 & fill$ ) melt$ metal4 ,b z ?is cru/1 ?9 z x is 9 comp>ison1 has = _m ?\s& ye>s prov$ ?ick en\gh & safe en\gh = a dwell+-place = m51 ,i ?9k we ne$ n feel any anxiety because x is n ?ick]4 ,to read ! /ory ( ?is e>?-build+1 x has be5 necess>y = sci5ce to beg9 at ! end2 t is1 at ! pres5t "t1 :i* is ! la/ *apt] ( ! /ory4 ,) long & pati5t c>e wise m5 h read back1 page by page1 ! e>?-build+ /ory2 we _c say to its beg9n+1 b z f> back z sci5ce has yet be5 able to g4 ,n[ we are able to take up ! n>rative at su* beg9n+ z has ?us f> be5 f\nd1 & read x =w>d to our pres5t day l a pla9 /ory4 ,w ?is be int]e/+8 ,x seems to me t x is l "s magnific5t fairy tale1 m m>vell\s ?an ! /ory ( ,aladd9's ,lamp1 or ,s9bad ! ,sailor1 or ,! ,caliph ( ,bagdad4 ,! nights ( ,arabian /ory 7 n half s full ( wond]s z ! days & nights1 ! va/ p]iods1 ( geologic /ory4 ,our e>? is a globe 9 rapid motion4 ,! motion is dual1 i4e41 d\ble2 x rolls ov] & ov] ^u its axis z y might sp9 a ball r\nd on a knitt+-ne$le ?ru/ ?r\gh its c5tre2 b ! ball on ! ne$le w\ld /ay 9 its place1 no matt] h[ _m times x :irl$ ov]4 ,! e>?1 z x :irls1 rolls along a great pa?4 ,e "t x turns ov] x measures (f on ?is pa? a di/ance equal to its own circumf]5ce1 b at ! same "t x sweeps on ) ! motion ( ! :ole sy/em1 s t ea* day x travels ov] a million & a half ( miles4 ,! e>?'s pa? is n 9 a /raight l9e2 x is ne>ly circul>2 x is :at is call$ elliptical1 or p>tly egg-%ap$4 ,z f> back z we c trace e>?-hi/ory1 ! tw(old motion & ! globe %ape h belong$ to our planet4 ,9 ! e>lie/ /ate ( :i* we c speak1 our e>? 0 a globe ( gas at lea/ two ?\s& times z l>ge z x n[ is4 ,sci5ce has made a guess t1 be=e ?is1 our e>? 0 a r+ or lay] ( vapor ar\nd ! sun4 ,?is r+1 be+ spun (f into space by ! rapid motion ( ! sun1 took1 aft] a "t1 ! sph]e %ape1 & be+ held by ! attraction ( ! sun f w&]+ f>!r (f into space1 has ev] s9ce :irl$ ar\nd 9 a great pa? ab\t its anci5t s\rce4 ,if ?is !ory be true1 !n all ! o!r planets ( our sy/em 7 probably once ca/ (f 9 _! ord] by ! sun1 z va/ fi]y r+s4 ,t mu/ h be5 an age ( gr& & spl5did fireworks inde$6 ,if only "o _h be5 !re to see6 ,:y _c we imag9e t we 7 !re to see8 ,c we n fancy ourselves back1 ?r\gh all ! wond]ful ages1 until we rea* ! beg9n+ ( all ?+s8 ,! ,arabians h a k9d ( fanciful be+1 :om !y call an ,afrite1 or ,afreet4 ,!y say t ?is be+ is =m$ ( pure heat1 smokeless flame4 ,did any ( y ev] see1 on a v scor*+ day1 ! air quiv]+ above a dry1 hot road8 ,t quiv]+ ( hot air is (t5 se5 on ! des]t1 & ! ,arabians say x is ! wav+ ( an ,afrite's robe4 ,let u fancy we 7 ,afrites1 gigantic flame-spirits1 pres5t :5 ! e>?1 f a fi]y r+1 _h j become a fi]y ball4 ,heat1 su* z we _c imag9e1 is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( our globe at ?is /age4 ,b be+ ,afrites1 & ourselves made ( heat1 we %all n m9d t4 ,we see t ! :irl+ hot ball has 9 x all ! atoms :i* w "o day become solid rocks4 ,b ^! atoms are kept ap>t by heat1 & are 9 a /ate l gas4 ,z we ,afrites pe] at ! gl[+1 :irl+ ball1 we see t !re are two =ces at "w )9 x4 ,heat is "o =ce1 keep+ all p>ticles exp&$1 & n lett+ !m come toge!r2 b !re is ano!r =ce call$ gravitation at "w also4 ,?is is a =ce :i* causes all ?+s to t5d t[>d ea* o!r--to draw toge!r4 ,x is ?is =ce ( gravitation :i* fir/ gives ! gase\s r+ its globe %ape1 pull+ its p>ticles toge!r2 & z ,afrites1 we wat* ) int]e/ ! results ( ?is =ce by long & sl[ degrees cond5s+ ! matt] ( ! globe4 ,:ile ?is is go+ on1 we p]ceive t two great *anges are tak+ place4 ,fir/1 ! sph]e is gr[+ cool]1 by radiat+1 or ?r[+ (f its heat4 ,heat a pok] r$ hot2 wave x 9 ! air1 & x cools by giv+ (f its heat to ! air4 ,?us ! hot globe ?r[s (f "s ( its heat z x :irls along its pa? 9 space4 ,b z ! sph]e cools1 ! loss ( heat all[s ! p>ticles to %r9k & come toge!r & unite ) ea* o!r4 ,! unit+ ( "s ( ^! v>i\s simple sub/ances produces o!r sub/ances1 & z ! cool+ & unit+ g on1 ! great globe becomes small] & small]4 ,z we are ,afrites1 & n afraid ( heat1 we w&] into ?is fluid ball1 & we f9d t by all ?is cool+1 cond5s+1 & unit+1 ! mat]ial = future rocks is =m+4 ,/ill imag9+ ourselves ,afrites1 ! next *ange does n please u z well4 ,we f9d t ! out] p>ticles ( vapor 9 our great hot ball1 z !y asc5d into space & cool1 unite ) ea* o!r & become a vapor l /eam1 & ?is /eam cools & cond5ses into ra9 & mi/4 ,if a plate is held be=e ! nose ( a tea-kettle f :i* /eam is ru%+ out1 ! /eam cond5ses at once into drops ( wat]4 ,if ! plate ) ! wat]-drops on x is set out 9 %>ply cold w9t] air1 x is at once cov]$ ) fro/ or ice4 ,?us x happ5$ ) ! vapor ab\t t hot sph]e1 our _w2 & ! ra9 & mi/ fell back ^u ! gl[+ ball f :i* !y _h ris54 ,!y help$ to cool x & to increase ! h>d5+1 b !y 7 also reheat$ & s5t (f aga9 z vapor1 to cool once m 9 space4 ,if at t "t we1 z ,afrites1 _h travell$ to "s o!r planet1 & tak5 a seat !re to wat* our _w f a di/ance1 we %\ld !n h se5 x 9 its greate/ beauty z a heav5ly body1 because 9 t age x 0 at its greate/ size1 & 0 f> l>g] ?an n[3 also x mu/ h %one z a cle> & lovely />1 ) a glory :i* has n[ almo/ pass$ away4 ,9 ! illu/ration at ! head ( ?is *apt] ! l>ge r+ repres5ts ! e>? z a va/ ball ( hot vapor4 ,! v small r+ 9 ! c5tre %[s ! pres5t size ( ! globe z comp>$ ) its fir/ expansion4 ,! circle m>k$ #a %[s ! e>? z a simple sph]e ( vapor1 its e>lie/ condition4 ,! circle #b %[s u ! /age :]e1 by ! =ce ( gravity1 & ! cool+ result+ f ! radiation ( heat1 ! sph]e ( gas began to h a fluid c5tre1 or core4 ,we mu/ und]/& t ! cond5s+ p>ticles 9 ! c5tre 7 n r5d]$ solid1 b fluid1 z y may see ! molt5 glass or iron at a glass-works or iron-f\ndry4 ,?is fluid /ate probably /ill cont9ues at ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,figure #c %[s u ! cond5sation go+ on4 ,z ! globe cools1 a solid cru/1 m>k$ x1 is =m$ ar\nd ! fluid c5tre1 & betwe5 ! c5tre & ! cru/ ! matt] ( ! globe is h>d5+1 :ile ! out] envelope beyond ! cru/ is /ill gas4 ,figure #d %[s ano!r *ange4 ,! vapor has cool$ & cond5s$ 9 space1 & has fall5 back ^u ! globe 9 ra9 & sn[4 ,^! ra9s corrode & wa% ! surface ( ! cru/1 & f9ally by _! excess cov] ! :ole cru/ ( ! e>? ) an ocean1 m>k$ o4 ,?us ! liquid c5tre & ! solid cru/ are wrapp$ 9 a mantle ( wat]4 ,?is univ]sal ocean is n cold & cle> z are ! oceans ( to-day4 ,! int5se heat ( ! globe has made ^! wat]s boil & s5d (f d5se cl\ds ( /eam1 & ?us ! wat]-wrapp$ _w is fur!r envelop$ 9 a veil ( mi/4 ,w\ld x !n h be5 hidd5 f our sight if we _h be5 ,afrites1 wat*+ x z we sat on "s f>-(f planet8 ,no2 we %\ld h se5 x /ill1 gr[n small] & pal] p]haps1 b ! mi/-veil w\ld h caught & reflect$ ! sunlight1 z ! cl\ds d at sunset4 ,?is 0 ! reign ( ! wat]s ^u ! surface ( ! globe1 :ile ! c5tral fires 7 burn+ & roll+ 9 ! abyss b5ea? ! wat]s & ! h>d5$ e>?-cru/4 ,:5 we say fires1 ( ?is int]ior heat1 we mu/ n ?9k ( flames1 b r ( su* heat z t ( molt5 metal 9 a furnace4 ,! univ]sal ocean t wrapp$ ! _w at ?is "t 0 full ( salt & e>?y matt] & 0 turbid1 z a riv] 9 flood "t4 ,f ! deposit ( ?is matt] ^u ! e>?-cru/1 rock /rata or lay]s 7 =m$4 ,figure #e %[s u /ill ano!r /age ( e>?-build+4 ,! reign ( ! wat]s is disput$ by ! long-imprison$ heat4 ,?is heat ex]ts its =ce1 & tugs & lifts at ! e>?-cru/ until x bulges & cracks & rises up1 or1 z we say1 is elevat$4 ,e>?quakes & volcanoes alt]nately depress or upheave a "p ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,great depressions are =m$1 into :i* ! wat]s ga!r1 :ile ! ?ick e>?-cru/ is tilt$ up into m\nta9 *a9s1 m>k$ z1 :i* are re>$ above ! wat]s4 ,^! wr9kl+ folds ( ! cru/ are ! _w's fir/ dry l&4#b ,at t "t we1 z ,afrites1 w\ld h fl[n f our di/ant planet back to ! e>?1 & h laugh$ to see ! fire or heat driv+ away "p ( ! wat] f ! surface4 ,we %\ld h danc$ ) glee to see ! volcanoes p\r+ out a%es & c9d]s1 & to wat* ! c9d]s crumbl+ & *ang+ & beg9n+ to =m new rocks & light] soil4 ,& s at la/ we %\ld h se5 our e>? =m$1 a rude e>?1 r\gh & b>e1 its seas w>m & muddy1 its m\nta9s treeless1 its fields )\t a s+le blade ( gre51 a veil ( mi/ all ab\t x4 ,& h[ long did x take to complete all ?is8 ,no "o c answ]4 ,no "o c numb] ! ye>s ( creative ages4 ,e>?-build+ is n a process t c be ha/5$4 ,aft] ! globe _h rea*$ ! /ate :i* we h n[ indicat$1 va/ successive *anges took place until our own "t4 ,sci5ce has divid$ ! succession ( ^! *anges into p]iods or ages1 & at ^! p]iods we %all n[ glance1 z at "s m>vell\s panorama4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,?is !ory is n univ]sally accept$2 "s consid] t ! int]ior ( ! e>? by cool+ & pressure may be 9 a mu* h>d] ?an molt5 /ate4 #b ,at ! pres5t "t ! int]ior ( ! e>? has probably become mu* m solid ?an 9 ! e>li] build+ ages4 ,we really "k little ( x bel[ a dep? ( a few miles f ! surface4 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,cont95t4 8,z he :o sets 8 will+ feet ,9 ,nature's footpr9ts light & fleet1 ,& foll[s fe>less :]e %e leads40 --,,longfell[1 ,k]amos4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 /udy1 sci5ti/s h divid$ ! /ory ( e>?-build+ into va/ epo*s1 kn[n z times4 ,! times are aga9 divid$ into ages4 ,at fir/ ! names us$ = ^! times 7 d]iv$ f ! ,lat91 & simply meant fir/1 second1 ?ird1 & f\r? times4#c ,! fir/ "t or p]iod 0 t 9 :i* dry l& fir/ appe>$ above ! wat]s4 ,! f\r? "t meant ! p]iod dur+ :i* mammals1 fruit1 gra91 & man appe>$4 ,! second & ?ird p]iods or times ( c\rse divid$ ! int]val betwe5 ^! two4 ,o!r names1 made f ,greek words1 are n[ com+ into g5]al use to repres5t ^! build+ p]iods4#d ,if we put ^! new names into pla9 ,engli%1 !y mean ! "t ( fir/ life1 or fir/ liv+ ?+s1--! age ( anci5t life1 :5 mo/ ( ! fossils1 or petrifi$ plants & animals :i* we n[ f9d1 7 buri$ up 9 ! rocks2 !n ! middle "t2 & f9ally ! 8new "t10 :5 man & mo/ ( ! plants & animals t n[ belong 9 ! _w appe>$4 ,su* long h>d names make ! beg9n+ ( sci5ce seem dry & dull1 b we mu/ n be al>m$3 a v beautiful g>d5 has sometimes a r\gh & ugly gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,look+ ,,f ,,af>4 ,! ages into :i* ! times 7 divid$ h _! names ei!r f :at 0 produc$ 9 !m1 or f ! "p ( ! _w :]e _! rocks *iefly appe> on ! pres5t surface4 ,?us ! ,c>bonif]\s age is ! c>bon or coal age1 because !n mo/ ( our coal-b$s 7 =m$4 ,! ,silurian age1 on ! o!r h&1 takes its "n f a "p ( ,wales1 :]e its rocks are mo/ conspicu\s1 & 9 ?is "p ( ,wales a p call$ ,silures us$ to live4 ,a /udy ( ! 8,table ( ,e>?-build+10 :i* is ! frontispiece ( ?is book1 w %[ cle>ly ^! times & ages4 ,x is conclud$ t ! fir/ l& :i* appe>$ 0 a range ( rocks1 :i* is be/ kn[n 9 ! valley ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]1 & repres5ts ! olde/ l& on ! globe4 ,we ne$ n fancy t ! new cont95t occupi$ a l>ge "p ( ! globe2 x 0 comp>atively v small4 ,nei!r c we look = x to-day1 & f9d x z :5 x rose ov] ! hot ocean4 ,! fir/ l& ( ! _w lift$ above ! wat]s & sank aga91 & s rose & sank m ?an once or twice 9 great lapses ( "t4 ,?is ris+ & s9k+ 0 caus$ by ! action ( heat & /eam 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?1 :i* elevat$ & r5t ! cru/4 ,f ,labrador to ,lake ,sup]ior ! old ,laur5tian rocks crop out4 ,if y g to ! ,adirondack ,m\nta9s1 y /& on ! fir/ cont95t1 ?\gh x is n[ cov]$ ) a soil :i* did n exi/ 9 t e>ly "t ( its uplift+4 ,!re are spots ( ?is old cont95t 9 ,nova ,scotia1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,sw$51 ,norway1 ,bav>ia1 & ! ,hebrides4 ,^! are !n1 ! olde/ p>ts ( ! _w1 & y c\ld take y\r atlas1 & by sket*+ a cont95t1 long1 n>r[1 & crook$1 t w\ld cov] ^! places ) a few outly+ isl&s to help x out1 y w\ld h a fair idea ( ! fir/ cont95t4 ,probably no?+ grew on x1 b 9 ! sea !re 7 "s plants & animals4 ,! b$s ( ,laur5tian rocks 9 ,nor? ,am]ica are sometimes ?irty ?\s& feet ?ick4 ,^! e>ly rocks1 m ?an any o!rs1 %[ ! action ( great heat4 ,! action ( heat has *ang$ ! rocks f _! fir/ condition4 ,"t & heat w turn s&1 lime1 & clay into cry/al & m>ble4 ,= a long "t ! ,laur5tian age 0 suppos$ to h be5 :olly de/itute ( any life1 & 0 call$ ! azoic1 or life-lack+ "t4 ,b ,sir ,william ,dawson1 aft] long explorations among ! ,laur5tian rocks1 f\nd 9 !m ! fossil rema9s ( a once liv+ creature4 ,he nam$ ?is creature ! ,dawn ,animal1 or ,eozon4 ,! "n sugge/s t ?is is ! mo/ anci5t animal yet discov]$1 & repres5ts ! dawn ( life on our planet4 ,:at 0 ?is ,dawn ,animal l8 ,s f> z c be judg$ f ! fossil1 x 0 a v l>ge creature1 s(t & gelat9\s l a jelly-fi%4#e ,x _h a /em by :i* x 0 fa/5$ to ! bottom ( w>m1 %all[ seas4 ,?us x nev] mov$ f its place1 b sway$ ) ! mov+ wat]s1 & p]haps _h ! p[] ( exp&+ & contract+ itself4 ,l ! mollusks1#f ! ,eozon want$ a h\se = its delicate body4 ,!re=e1 z x sway$ to & fro1 x collect$ f ! wat] c>bonate ( lime1 & cov]$ itself ) a ?9 %ell or cru/4 ,z x cont9u$ to gr[ x cont9u$ to cov] itself ) cru/ aft] cru/ ( lime4 ,?is lime cru/ 0 n a solid mail ov] ,eozon2 x 0 r l a f9e net or sieve ?r\gh ! pores ( :i* c\ld pass ! jelly-l ?reads or filam5ts :]eby ! creature collect$ lime & food4 ,b "h we are l$ to ano!r discov]y4 ,if ! ,eozon 0 a liv+ animal1 x mu/ h _h food to n\ri% x1 & liv+ creatures fe$ ^u animal or vegetable sub/ances4#g ,!re=e 9 ^! w>m seas !re mu/ h be5 m9ute animal or vegetable organisms :i* ,eozon c\ld ga!r ) its long nets or l9es1 z x grew at ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,0 ! ,eozon beautiful8 ,we _c speak positively2 b z we f9d no age ( ! _w :5 !re 0 n beauty ( =m & color1 z we see beauty (t5 foll[$ z an end 9 creation1 we may suppose t ! ,eozon _h gay colors & look$ l "s great vivid fl[] wav+ ^u its /em 9 ! wat]4#h ,!re are b$s ( lime/one 9 ! ,laur5tian rocks1 :i* be> indications ( =m] animal life4 ,also 9 ! ,laur5tian rocks !re are b$s ( iron ore1 & ^! h be5 suppos$ to indicate t !re 0 "s vegetation 9 ! ,laur5tian p]iod4 ,n[ z 9 ! ,laur5tian p]iod ! ,eozoic age %[s u va/ b$s ( iron1 graphite1 & lime/one1 we may suppose t !re 7 9 ! w>m wat]s ( t era great b$s ( eozon l ! coral reefs ( to-day4 ,9 ! deep seas ( ! pres5t age !re are myriads ( little creatures call$ =am9if]a2 & ?\gh we h f\nd no trace ( ^! 9 ! e>lie/ rocks1 x may be t ! fir/ ocean sw>m$ ) !m & t !y 7 !n busy build+ lime/one /rata j z !y are busy n[4 ,dur+ ! ,eozoic age ! w>m1 turbid ocean t ne>ly cov]$ ! globe con/antly deposit$ s$im5t1 & at la/ ! ?9 e>?-cru/ gave way "u ! /ra9 & weight ^u x4 ,! e>?-cru/ collaps$1 or fell 91 z a great floor :i* has be5 ov]burd5$4 ,we sometimes he> ( ! floors ( l>ge rooms :i* give way "u "s heavy /ra94 ,if we g to see a place :]e su* an accid5t has occurr$1 we %all notice h[ floor+ & timb]s d n fall flat1 z a :ole1 b are cru%$ & cr[d$ toge!r sidewise or edgewise4 ,:5 ! ,laur5tian cont95t sank1 _m ( its ranges & b$s ( rock 7 b5t & tilt$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 & we s f9d !m to-day4 ,h[ long 0 ?is fir/ or ,eozoic p]iod8 ,t1 no "o c tell4 ,if we %\ld try to tell1 we %\ld m]ely use numb]s s great t1 z appli$ to ye>s1 we _c imag9e !m4 ,! ,dawn age seems a v good "n = x1 z x 0 ! age ( ! e>lie/ cont95ts1 & ( ! fir/ animal & vegetable life4 ,z ! /udy ( ! e>? goes on1 & o!r & deep]-ly+ rocks are exam9$1 we may le>n mu* m ab\t ?is fir/ _w-build+ p]iod4 ,n[1 z we look f>1 f> back to x1 x /rikes u1 ,i ?9k1 *iefly z di/ant1 b>r51 sil5t4 ,if we _h be5 ,afrites1 & hov]+ ov] t e>ly cont95t1 ,i ?9k we %\ld n h he>d a s\nd1 except ! lap ( ! w>m waves on ! rocks2 we %\ld n h se5 a liv+ ?+4 ,b if in/ead ( ,afrites we _h be5 ,pixies1 or wat]-sprites1 we %\ld h gone d[n into ! wat]s ( t wide1 w>m sea1 & :at %\ld we h f\nd8 ,we c z well fancy ourselves ,pixies z ,afrites4 ,let u fancy ourselves 9 ^? seas4 ,i ?9k we %\ld h se5 sea-we$s1 f9e & small1 b ( _m curi\s %apes1 & millions ( creatures ) & )\t %ells1 "s l>ge1 "s small1 t9t$ l ra9b[s1 & lively & happy 9 _! wat]-_w4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,prim>y1 ,second>y1 ,t]ti>y1 ,quat]n>y4 #d ,eozoic1 ,paleozoic1 ,mesozoic1 ,c5ozoic4 #e ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lessons #cf & #cg4 #f ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #a1 ,lesson #cg4 #g ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lesson #a4 #h ,& aft] all s few & indef9ite are ! traces1 t ,eozon may n h be5 an animal =m at all1 b a m]ely m9]al /ructure4 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,crabs ,,& ,,corals4 8,& delv+ 9 ! outworks ( ?is _w ,& little crevices t !y c\ld rea*1 ,discov]$ c]ta9 bones laid up & furl$ ,"u an anci5t bea*40 --,,+el[4 ,! e>?-build+ p]iod :i* foll[$ ! dawn ( life is call$ ! 8"t ( anci5t life40 ,our lesson ab\t ?is p]iod w be l unlock+ ! gate to "s beautiful doma91 giv+ a glance at its delights1 b leav+ ! wayf>] :om we h br\ght ?us f> on 8 j\rney1 /ill /&+ )\t1 yet n[1 no d\bt1 ) ability & desire to ent]4 ,?is anci5t-life "t is1 s f> z we "k1 ! longe/ ( all ! e>?-build+ p]iods4 ,x has ! ?icke/ deposits ( rock1 & includes ! mo/ num]\s ages1 or great successive *anges4 ,x also reta9s 9 its rocks num]\s fossils1 or ca/s ( =m]ly liv+ ?+s1 bo? animal & vegetable4 ,9 com+ lessons we %all discuss :at fossils are1 & describe "s ( ^! anci5t plants & animals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wat]-,,sprites4 ,:5 ?is new age ( ! _w op5$1 we f9d t !re 0 pl5ty ( life1 & t !re 7 _m creatures ak9 to "s t we h liv+ to-day4 ,to enjoy t "t ( ! _w we %\ld h be5 no long] ,afrites1 or flame-spirits1 = ! reign ( ! fire 0 ov]2 we %\ld h be5 ,pixies1 & able to w&] at our w among ! plants & animals 9 ! wat]4 ,!re we %\ld h notic$ t !re 7 _m animals ( ! articulate or jo9t$ class--creatures t h no backbones2 & we %\ld h se5 t ! plants 7 sea-we$s ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,z ! ages ( ?is great "t mov$ on1 creatures ) v]tebr =m+ backbones appe>$1 & ! l& _h vegetation4 ,!re 7 re$s1 ru%es1 li*5s1 f]ns1 mosses1 plants ( ! toad-/ool k9d1 & great trees su* z are n[ n f\nd on ! e>?4 ,"s ( ! ru%es call$ calamites 7 l>g] ?an ! great bamboo4 ,! fir/ age ( ?is great "t is call$ ! ,cambrian1 f ! outcrop ( its rocks 9 ,nor? ,wales1 ! anci5t ,cambria4 ,! "n ,huronian has also be5 appli$ to x1 z ^! rocks l>gely appe> 9 ! region ab\t ,lake ,huron4 ,9 ?is age new l& rose above ! ocean4 ,! wat]s 7 /ill w>m1 & ! atmosph]e 0 hazy & full ( moi/ure1 hot1 b )\t cle> sunlight4 ,! animals 7 corals & crabs2 ! vegetables 7 sea-we$s4 ,! rocks ( ! ,cambrian are *iefly s&/one & slate1 & we f9d ! fossils n scatt]$ ?r\gh all ! rocks1 b 9 lay]s1 s t "s l$ges ( rock are ne>ly de/itute ( organic rema9s1 & !n come o!rs cr[d$ ) fossils ( animals & vegetables4 ,among ! e>lie/ & mo/ curi\s ( ! fossils are ! l+ul4 ,^! are bivalve#i %ells1 ab\t ! size & %ape ( y\r f+]-nail4 ,! l+ula 0 fa/5$ to ! s& b$ by a fle%y /em4 ,op5+ its valves1 x put =? a f9e fr+e :i* s]v$ x z f+]s = ga!r+ its food f ! wat]s1 mu* z b>nacles d4#aj ,! l+ul belong to ! gr\p ( lamp %ells1 & h exi/$ ?r\gh all ! ages f ! ,cambrian until n[1 z !y sw>m at ! pres5t day 9 ! ,*9a seas4 ,along ) ! busy little l+ul liv$ _m v>ieties ( crabs1 cuttle-fi%1 />-fi%1 & _m k9ds ( corals4 ,probably !re 7 n _m insects 9 ?is p]iod3 only a few fossils ( l>ge insects some:at l dragon-flies & ,may-flies h be5 f\nd4 ,!re 7 no birds1 & ! great =e/s ( re$s & club-mosses 7 sil5t1 unless ! few insects c\ld produce a *irp+ s\nd4 ,possibly _! w+s & bodies 7 gaily color$ z ^? ( ! dragon-flies are to-day4 ,no d\bt1 also1 _m ( ! cru/aceans ( ?is p]iod 7 v ornate 9 _! colors1 & 9 ! arrangem5t ( b&s1 knobs1 & ridges on _! %ells4 ,! num]\s corals build+ 9 ! %all[ seas1 & c>ry+ _! reefs up into ! light on ! surface1 wav$ purple1 orange1 & crimson filam5ts f _! lime/one t[]s1 until ! wat]s look$ l g>d5 b$s 9 full bloom4 ,among ! e>lie/ fossils are worm-ca/s1#aa f :i* we le>n t ev5 s long ago ! worms 7 help+ to build ! _w4 ,! sponges %>$ ! %all[ seas ) ! corals4 ,next came ! ,silurian age1 nam$ z we "k f a "p ( ,wales :]e its rocks lie b>e4 ,?is 0 a v long age1 & is divid$ into upp] & l[] ,silurian4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ! _w 0 becom+ ri*] & ri*] 9 life1 bo? ( animals & vegetables1 & ( bo? l& & sea4 ,we f9d /rangely beautiful fossils ( ?is age1 z1 = in/ance1 ! /one lilies4 ,no =m ( life seem$ = a "t s h>dy & s ri* 9 v>iety z ^! /one lilies4 ,^! 7 n plants1 b animals1 & yet !y look$ m l beautiful sn[y fl[]s ?an l animals4 ,9 v deep wat] ( ! pres5t day we f9d "s few species ( ^! cr9oids1 or /one-lily animals1 & f !m we c und]/& ^? ( ! anci5t "t4 ,!y grew root$ 9 "o place1 wav$ on long1 pliant /ems1 & f _! sn[y cups spread =? filam5ts t look$ l delicate /am5s & pi/ils4 ,swimm+ ab\t among ! /one lilies1 w5t ! nautilus1 relative ( our 8pap] nautilus0 ( :i* ! poet s+s3-- 8,?is is ! %ip ( pe>l1 :i* poets feign ,sails ! un%ad[$ ma9-- ,! v5tur\s b>k :i* fl+s ,on ! sweet summ] w9d its purpl$ w+s1 ,9 gulfs en*ant$ :]e ! sir5 s+s1 ,& coral reefs lie b>e1 ,:]e ! cold sea-maids rise to sun _! /ream+ hair40 ,! nautilus ( ! ,silurian "t p]haps look$ q z lovely & h>mless1 yet really 0 a mighty mon/]1 dev\r+ millions ( its fell[-d5iz5s ( ! deep4 ,to-day we see a relation ( ?is old-"t nautilus1 9 our cuttle-fi%1 sometimes call$ ! devil-fi%4 ,to ! ,silurian age belong ! writt5 /ones4 ,! t9y fossils imb$d$ 9 ^! rocks are l little coal-black /a9s1 :i* appe> z m9ute writ+ 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,^! small cells are inde$ writ+1 & help u to le>n ! /ory ( ! anci5t _w4 ,! corals increas$ greatly 9 ! ,silurian age1 & ext5d$ f> up to ! pol> regions1 :]e corals are n[ unkn[n4 ,9 ^! e>ly ages ! *ief home ( life 0 9 ! sea4 ,! wat]s br\ght =? liv+ ?+s be=e ! e>? produc$ !m1 :ile ! creatures ( ! air1 ! birds & insects1 came lat] /ill4 ,two v important facts are "h to be not$3 ,j z ! ,silurian age 0 clos+1 sev]al k9ds ( fi%-l creatures appe>$1 ! fir/ v]tebrate or backbon$ animals4 ,let u imag9e ourselves back 9 t age1 z ,pixies1 or wat]-sprites4 ,suppose t we are 9 a w>m1 %all[1 almo/ waveless sea1 ov] :i* ! sun%9e p\rs1 w>m & mell[1 ?r\gh ?9 haze4 ,we are sitt+ on a l$ge ( coral1 & f e t9y lime/one t[] ab\t u op5s & waves a radiant creature1 purple1 gold1 gre51 or crimson4 ,among ! corals gr[ ! tall & /ately /one lilies1 roll+ back _! petal-l valves1 & wav+ =? long :ite plumes4 ,we ga!r t9y live ?+s f ! wat] & (f] !m to ! /one lilies1 & !y grasp !m 9 _! sn[y h&s4 ,b n[ we see a mon/] com+ t[>ds u1 a new creature su* z we h nev] se5 be=e6 ,x swims /rongly1 has a ?ick sk91 great jaws fill$ ) big tee?1 & we p]ceive t x has its bones inside its body1 n outside1 z ! cru/aceans d4 ,x sweeps pa/ a b$ ( pretty little l+ul & crops (f fifty ( !m at a m\?ful6 ,x d>ts up to our lovely /one lily1 & bites x f its pe>l-:ite /em6 ,yond] comes a crab swimm+ along at ease1 a prophecy ( a k+-crab1 t w come _m ages aft]4 ,! fi%-l mon/] takes him at a m\?ful4 ,we ,pixies are angry at ?is deva/ation2 we cry1 8,we hope y w try to eat a trilobite#ab & *oke y\rself60 ,b "h comes an unlucky trilobite1 & ! new mon/] cru%es x 9 its great jaws6 ,x w\ld eat u1 only we are ,pixies1 creatures ( my?1 m]e bubbles4 ,z x is1 we hide 9 our coral groves1 & weep ov] our lo/ l+ul & /one lilies4 ,^! fi%-l creatures reign z k+s4 ,!y multiply & dev\r1 & 9 ! ,devonian age1 :i* comes next1 !y become m l true fi%es4 ,?is ,devonian age comes ) mighty *anges4 ,we ,pixies feel ! sea-b$s rock ) e>?quakes4 ,we fly to ! riv]s1 & f9d ! l& r5t ) volcanoes4 ,we ha/5 to ! cre/s ( ! waves1--= ! torr5ts ( lava ru% along ! %ores & f> out into ! ocean1--& we see ! ,afrites laugh+ to f9d va/ pla9s ( l& :]e wat]s _h be54 ,we hope t all ^! convulsions h de/roy$ ! gre$y1 cruel fi%4 ,b no2 we g deep into our sea-homes1 & f9d mo/ ( ! crabs & nautili & /one lilies gone1 & ! fi% m abundant ?an ev]6 ,& n[ we ,pixies feel t ! new age has come1 & we rise to ! sea-surface to look ab\t1 & we f9d new l& 9 _m lovely isl&s1 & !re are va/ swamps full ( re$s & club-mosses4 ,gre5 l[l& jungles laugh 9 bright sunlight1 among w>m1 cle>1 blue seas1 :]e ! corals t we love gr[ to _! greate/ glory4 ,no m s(t-%ell$ cru/aceans & trilobites3 h ! fi%es eat5 !m all8 ,if we make an excursion to ! l& to see if any fairies live !re1 we f9d no fl[]s1 b !re are v beautiful trees4 ,! great "w ( ?is ,devonian age seems to be ! rapid lay+ d[n ( b$s ( r$ s&/one4 ,?is r$ s&/one1 deposit$ by ! wat]s1 f9ally rises into va/ cont95ts1 jo9+ isl& to isl&1 & spread+ out a ri* soil1 v fit = vegetable life4 ,vegetation creeps away beyond ! pol> circles2 = 9 ?is "t ! climate ( ! e>? is ne>ly uni=m4 ,let u fancy we meet an ,afrite1 & say to him1 8,( :at use is all ?is l& & vegetation80 ,he replies1 8,o ,pixy6 a new age is com+1--! age ( coal4 ,9 x va/ b$s ( coal w be laid d[n to fe$ future fires = a creature call$ man4 ,^! b$s w h oil1 gas1 naph?a1 all ?+s 9 :i* we ,afrites rejoice4 ,^! c>bon b$s w be m]ely /oreh\ses ( well-cook$ vegetation1 = w>m+ & light+ a _w40 ,b z we ,pixies /& & talk ) ,afrites at ! limit :]e l& & wat] meet1 :at d we see8 ,we see ?\s&s ( insects 9 ! air & creep+ on ! gr\nd1--cockroa*es1 dragon-flies1 weevils4 ,& n[1 oh1 wond] ( wond]s6 :at fe>ful ?+ is ?is8 ,a ,,reptile ,,has ,,appe>$6 ,frogs & toads ( curi\s patt]ns h =e%ad[$ him1 b ! true reptile 0 ! fir/ v]tebrate lung-brea?+ animal4 ,y p]ceive x is a va/ advance on e>li] =ms1 = a creature to h a nose1 to be able to inhale air ?r\gh its no/rils6 ,! life-fill$1 tree-fill$ ,c>bonif]\s age1 ) its cont95ts 0 long1 v long2 & n[1 :5 life seem$ ev]y:]e to dom9ate1 ^! cont95ts sl[ly sank b5ea? ! wat]s1 & ! ,p]mian age came on1--! age ( ! dea? & burial ( a busy _w1--! la/ age ( ! anci5t life "t4 ,! s9k+ 0 sl[ at fir/1 s sl[ t trees grew above ! buri$ trees2 b at la/ ! s9k+ ha/5$1 & /ones & s& & surf da%$ & roll$ above ! =e/s1 & ! ,coal age 0 dr[n$4 ,! reason ( ?is s9k+ 01 t ! int]ior ( ! globe _h cont9u$ to cool & h>d51 & ) cool+ %rank f ! cru/1 :i* collaps$ 9 great wr9kles4 ,! collapse 0 sl[1 because mu* ( ! int]ior rock 0 9 a wax-l condition1 & cr[d$ up to fill ! r5ts left 9 ! d[nw>d pressure ( ! e>?-cru/4 ,! heat1 pressure1 collapse1 half-fluid /ate1 expla9 to u _m ( ! curiosities ( geologic =mations4 ,aft] ^! convulsions ! surface aga9 arose1 l& lift$ above ! wat]1 & ! ,p]mian age exhibit$ a flora v l t ( ! prec$+ age4 ,! great frogs1 toads1 & liz>ds increas$ 9 size & numb]s4 ,! convulsions ( ! ,p]mian _h n de/roy$ all l& life1 & probably ! sea-dep?s ) _! inhabitants _h be5 b little effect$4 ,! buri$ =e/s ( ! previ\s age 7 sl[ly *ang$ into ! coal-b$s ( to-day1 & 9 !m we f9d1 held = our /udy1 se$s1 roots1 leaves1 insects1 & footpr9ts1 belong+ to ! long-gone anci5t life "t4 ,,footnotes3 #i ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #a1 ,lesson #ci4 #aj ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lesson #cc4 #aa ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lesson #ab4 #ab ,see ,lesson ,,xvi41 p4 #aai4 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,! ,,p9es ,,& ,,! ,,reptiles4 8,a mon/] !n1 a dream1 ,a discord4 ,dragons ( ! prime1 ,t te> ea* o!r 9 _! slime1 ,7 mell[ music1 mat*$ ) him40-- --,,t5nyson1 ,9 ,memoriam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gnomes ,,9 ,a ,,cave ,,at ,,"w4 ,we h n[ rea*$ ! middle p]iod ( ! e>?-build+ /ory4 ,we h ?us f> se5 h[ f a great globe ( burn+ gas1 our e>? %rank1 cool$1 h>d5$1 became wrapp$ 9 wat]s1 uplift$ cont95ts & isl&s1 & ?r\gh successive p]iods became fill$ ) plants & animals ( sea & l&4 ,! p]iod at :i* we h n[ arriv$ 0 ! age ( wond]ful mon/]s1 ( p9es1 & ( palms4 ,= ! fir/ "t also ! e>? 0 spl5did ) fl[]s4 ,! seas grew con/antly cool]1 & ! e>? cru/ z con/antly ?ick5$4 ,z ! seas cool$ less vapor rose into ! air1 ! atmosph]e cle>$1 & a bright sun%9e p\r$ ov] ! cont95ts4 ,! cont95ts ( ?is middle p]iod ( _w-build+ 7 "s ( !m l>g] ?an n[4 ,probably ,nor? ,am]ica /ret*$ ov] mu* ne>] to ,europe2 ,engl& 0 n an isl&1 b 0 jo9$ to ! ma9l& ( ,europe1 & ext5d$ f> s\? & we/ 9 :at is n[ ! sea4 ,! m\nta9s 7 v high1 s high t x has be5 suppos$ t !y _h sn[-cov]$ tops1 & glaci]s =m$ 9 _! gorges1 & iceb]gs1 break+ f ! glaci]s1 sail$ (f to di/ant seas4 ,at ?is "t ! e>? 0 gre5 ) f]ns & grasses & d>k ) =e/s4 ,among ! mo/ noble ( ! trees 7 ! cycads4 ,!y 7 p>tly l p9es1 & p>tly l palms4 ,beside ! cycads grew great p9es1 & probably p9es 7 ! di/+ui%+ trees ( ?is cycle4 ,! vegetation 0 m l ! pres5t vegetation ( ! tropics ?an l t ( nor!rn climates1 because ! e>? 0 w>m] !n ?an n[4 ,9 our la/ lesson we spoke ( ! r$ s&/one z a v rapid deposit ( s& by wat]4 ,:5 ! deposit is sl[1 ! r$ color is wa%$ out ( ! s& by ! action ( air & wat]4 ,?is r$ ( ! r$ s&/one is due to iron-ru/1 :i* /a9s ! s& z x does iron or /eel4 ,:5 ! deposit ( ^! /a9$ s&s is rapid1 9 ?ick b$s1 ! color does n h "t to blea* out4 ,!re are two va/ lay]s ( ?is r$ s&/one1 ! old & ! new4 ,! new is l>gely pres5t 9 ! b$s ( ! middle p]iod ( _w-build+1 & sometimes gives ! fir/ age its "n--! age ( ! ,new ,r$ ,s&/one4 ,! nor!rn %ore ( ,scotl& is b&$ by ! old r$ s&/one1 z if held 9 a s&/one frame4 ,ano!r rock ( ?is "t is call$ conglom]ate1 or mix$ /one4 ,"s call x 8pudd+-/one10 & say x looks l a pudd+ full ( plums & lumps ( suet4 ,su* /one is v common1 v>i\s k9ds ( pebbles & rocks be+ held toge!r z if !y _h be5 bak$ or boil$ into "o mass4 ,ne> ! conglom]ate we sometimes f9d lime/one full ( t9y brok5 %ells1 & also b$s ( m>l4 ,m>l is a ri* gre5i% e>?1 :i* crumbles easily & is valu$ = enri*+ cultivat$ l&s4#ac ,all ^! v>ieties ( rock are int]e/+ :5 we /udy !m1 & c read ! /ories !y tell ( long-gone ages1 ( fire1 volcanoes1 e>?quakes1 floods1 /orms1--:]e /range animals & plants liv$ & di$4 ,d we ev] /op to ?9k :at a treasure-h\se ( wond]s & ( *oice & beautiful ?+s ! e>? is8 ,!re are s&s fill$ ) gra9s ( pure gold1 & rocks :]e gold gl[s 9 gra9s & ve9s & nuggets4 ,i h se5 lumps ( silv]-be>+ rock :i* look z if 9 "s age ( heat ! pure silv] _h melt$1 boil$1 & bubbl$ until n[ x lies 9 ! /one 9 curi\s %apes1 l balls1 & />s1 & *a9s1 & moss1 & t9y trees1--all fanta/ic & pretty =ms4 ,!re are m9es :]e diamonds1 & rubies1 & g>nets1 & sapphires lie hid z if ! gnomes1 or fabl$ e>?-spirits1 _h /or$ !m away4 ,:at cry/als %9e among ! rocks1 & r$ b&s ( c>nelian gl[1 & purple ame?y/s & vivid c>buncles blaze6 ,k+s h rooms full ( su* treasures kept = %[2 b ! sil5t e>? hides 9 h] bosom _m m & f> ri*] jewels4 ,come "h1 & let me %[ y j "o m>vel made 9 ! e>? 9 "s ( ^! long build+ p]iods1 :5 heat 0 work+ wond]s4 ,s9ce y h be5 h&l+ all ^! m9]als & curiosities y\r h&s are dirty4 ,take ?is t[el & wipe !m4 ,look at ! t[el4 ,:at d y see8 8,j a co>se cotton t[el10 y say2 8no?+ f9e ab\t t40 8,v well4 ,h y wip$ y\r h&s8 ,"h1 let me ?r[ ! t[el into ! fire40 ,y />e at t4 8,d y always burn y\r t[els80 y ask4 8,i nev] burn !m up4 ,i j wa% !m 9 fire4 ,look %>p60 ,y look4 ,! fire curls into & ov] & ab\t ! t[el1 & x becomes r$ hot1 yet does n fall into a%es4 ,wat* me4 ,i take ! tongs & pick my t[el f ! fire4 ,z x is1 r$ hot1 ,i dip x into a pail ( wat]4 ,n[ x is cool1 pray take x & exam9e x4 ,x is clean & :ole z if new6 ,t t[el is made ( rock6 ,x is call$ asbe/os4 ,x is a v h>d rock1 & lies 9 lay]s ( f9e1 silky fibres4 ,y c pull ^! fibres or ?reads (f1 & ap>t1 l flax2 !y c be spun & wov54 ,pl5ty ( x is f\nd 9 ,canada4 ,see1 x looks l common cotton clo?4 ,f\nd 9 ?9 %eets x is call$ 8m\nta9-lea!r10 9 ?ick %eets x is nam$ 8m\nta9-cork40 ,b x is all asbe/os--a rock fibre4 ,& :at d !y d ) x8 ,!y mix fire-pro( pa9ts ) x2 make boil] felt+2 firem5's cloaks2 gloves = fire-work]s4 ,long ago ! anci5ts wrapp$ dead bodies 9 x1 s t _! a%es might n be lo/ :5 !y 7 burn$ ^u ! fun]al pyre4 ,wond]ful /uff1 is x n8 ,b ! br[n /ill e>? is full ( su* wond]s4 ,let u return to look at ! products ( ! middle p]iod ( e>?-build+1 & see h[ ! _w gr[s m & m fit to be ! home ( ! com+ man4 ,we f9d n[ palm1 fig1 oak1 tulip1 walnut1 & sweet-gum trees4 ,z all ^! trees produce fruits1 se$s1 or nuts suitable = food = animals1 we %\ld look = animals to fe$ ^u !m4 ,we f9d ! fossil bones ( "s ( ! dwell]s 9 ^! woods2 ! rocks also reta9 _! footpr9ts4 ,! great creatures1 m>*+ ov] ! s(t e>? & mud1 made deep tracks1 & ^! rema9$ l ca/s or m\lds z ! soil h>d5$2 !n s& & o!r s$im5t 7 deposit$ ov] !m1 & s ! footpr9ts 7 encas$4 ,! deposit1 h>d5$ into rock1 has pres]v$ ! footpr9ts = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,/range t a ?+ s fleet+ z a footpr9t on s& %\ld rema9 to tell a /ory = ages6 ,b :at ( ! creatures t made ^! footpr9ts8 ,^! 7 huge1 two-legg$ animals ) ?ree-to$ feet1 /alk+ ?r\gh ! woods1 & calmly br[s+ on ! tree-tops6 ,sci5ce recon/ructs "s ( ^! creatures1 & f9ds t !y _h small heads1 long necks1 huge tails1 & ?ick legs4 ,^! 7 mild b hide\s creatures1 & mun*$ nuts & fruits4 ,!y may h gli/5$ 9 ! colors ( ! ra9b[ = all we c tell1 b ev5 color c\ld n make beautiful a creature ) a giraffe's neck1 an elephant's legs1 a crocodile's tail1 & a kang>oo's head4 ,i ?9k we may be v glad t we did n live 9 t age4 ,:o c\ld h play$ 9 a wood fill$ ) su* fe>ful creatures8 ,:o w\ld h wi%$ to g out 9 a r[ boat1 or = a little sail1 :5 ! sea 0 full ( mon/]s1 l sea-s]p5ts1 & all ! riv]s sw>m$ ) huge reptiles8 ,little bea/s l rats & kang>oos began to run 9 ! woods1 b !re 7 no %y rabbits1 no squirrels ) full1 wav+ tails & bright black eyes4 ,:at w\ld woods be wor? to ramble 91 if n a bird flew1 sang1 or peck$ ^u a tree8 ,we c fancy t f> d[n 9 ! he>t ( ! e>? ! fabul\s creatures1 ! gnomes1 7 busy4 ,! ,danes & ! ,g]mans h tales ( que] little m51 call$ gnomes1 :i* live & "w und]gr\nd1 & h *>ge ( all ! metals & jewels 9 ! e>?4 ,! gnomes we> little po9t$ caps1 & %oes ) po9t$ toes4 ,if 9 ?is f>-(f age we _h be5 gnomes1 we %\ld h se5 9 ! e>? beautiful cry/als =m+4 ,diamonds1 rubies1 em]alds1 all ! preci\s gems & all ! *oice1 f9e /ones1 su* z c>nelian & agate1 are v h>d & ( close gra9 & c take a brilliant poli%1 b z !y lie 9 ! e>? !y may look dull & pale1 & be cov]$ ) a cru/ or case ( common /one or clay4 ,cutt+ & gr9d+ br+ out _! cle> light & beauty4 ,if we _h be5 gnomes1 w&]+ ?r\gh ! int]ior ( ! e>?1 we %\ld h wond]$ :o & :at ! com+ creature c\ld be1 = :om 0 /or$ up ?+s s ri* & r>e & useful4 ,= :om 7 ! va/ b$s ( iron1 coal1 salt1 t91 ve9s ( preci\s metals & gems1 riv]s ( oil1 /oreh\ses ( gas8 ,& "s day1 z we work$ ) t9y pick & cr[b>1 we might he> com+ to meet u ! pick & spade ( e>?'s new ma/]--man6 ,b t w\ld be long1 long aft] ! ,mesozoic1 or ,middle age ( _w-build+ _h pass$ away4 ,z ! ages foll[$ ea* o!r1 !re w\ld con/antly be new treasures hidd5 = ! gnomes to gu>d4 ,z "o lay] aft] ano!r 0 buri$ by new mat]ial1 9 ! buri$ lay]s 7 left ! bones1 tee?1 footpr9ts1 & rema9s ( ! reptiles1 insects1 birds1 & l& animals ( ! pass+ age4 ,e new e>?-b$ 0 a va/ gravey>d4 ,! la/ age ( ! middle build+-"t 0 call$ ! ,cretace\s1 or ,*alk age1 because dur+ x su* va/ quantities ( *alk 7 built into rocks4 ,all ! ,engli% coa/ along ! ,*annel is l9$ ) *alk cliffs4 ,! *alk is s(t & :ite & easily work$4 ,:51 9 ,engl&1 we w5t d[n on ! s& bea*1 & want$ some?+ to play )1 we w\ld take a lump ( ! *alk cliff & :ittle out balls ) our knives4 ,:5 we 7 done play+ we left ! balls = ! sea to c>ry (f2 x 0 s easy to cut m4 ,i (t5 saw /ables1 c[ /alls1 wagon %$s1 cut out ( ! *alk to save ! f>m] ! tr\ble ( build+ %$s ( wood4 ,! *alk cliff made f9e1 dry1 clean h\ses = ! animals4 ,/uck all ?r\gh ?is *alk1 l plums 9 a cake1 are h>d fl9ts or pebbles1 & ^! c be cut & poli%$ into v pretty jewelry4 ,! ,*alk age 0 "o ( great & viol5t *anges4 ,once m ! cont95ts began to s9k4 ,! e>?-cru/ c\ld n uphold ! mighty weight ( deposit ^u x4 ,! %r9k+ & cool+ core caus$ ! settl+ ( va/ /ret*es ( l&1 & ! cont95ts 7 depress$ l[] ?an !y _h be5 s9ce ! "t ( ! fir/ cont95t4 ,d[n1 d[n w5t ! l&1 & ov] x ! wat]s fl[$1 & :]e hills & =e/s _h be51 creatures ( ! deepe/ dep?s ( ocean play$4 ,europe probably settl$ l[] ?an ,am]ica4 ,once m ! globe 0 l a va/ ocean1 above :i* rose :at _h be5 high ranges ( m\nta9s1 n[ =m+ long isl&s or reefs4 ,( ^! surr\nd+ ridges might h be5 not$ ! hills ( ,great ,brita91 ! ,sc&9avian ,m\nta9s1 & ! ,ural range4 ,9 ! ,we/]n hemisph]e ! hills ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ! ,appala*ian ,m\nta9s rose ov] ! wat]1 & "h & !re a peak ( ! ,rockies or ! ,&es4 ,:y did ! little hills ( ,brita9 rise up :5 ! great ,alps & ! ,himalayas 7 n to be se58 ,brita9 itself did n s9k s l[ at t "t1 & ! ,alps & ! ,himalayas 7 n yet born4 ,!y rose at a lat] day4 ,! seas ebb$ & fl[$ & deposit$ _! *alk s$im5t ov] a dr[n$ globe = a v long "t4 ,!n once m ! e>? crumpl$1 & amid e>?quakes & volcanoes ! ,*alk age p]i%$1 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ,alps1 & ,himalayas 7 cr[d$ & tilt$ up to be ! great m\nta9-ranges ( ! _w1 & ! la/ build+-"t ( ! e>? _h come4 ,,footnotes3 #ac ,m>l is also us$ ) s& 9 mak+ ,portl& cem5t4 ,,lesson ,v4 ,,! ,,palm ,,& ,,! ,,man4 8,s c>eful ( ! type %e seems1 ,s c>eless ( ! s+le life4 #8,s c>eful ( ! type8' b no1 ,f sc>p$ cliff & qu>ri$ /one ,%e cries1 #8,a ?\s& types are gone1 ,i c>e = no?+1 all %all g6'0 --,,t5nyson1 ,9 ,memoriam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,= ,,man4 ,:at h we ?us f> f\nd to be ! processes ( e>?-build+8 ,fir/1 rocky cru/ uplift$ into m\nta9 ridges4 ,!n deposit ( s$im5t by ! wat]s until isl&s & cont95ts capable ( ma9ta9+ animal & vegetable life are =m$4 ,ages ( increase & successive gr[? foll[2 !n s9k+ ( ! e>?-cru/1 accompani$ by e>?quakes & volcanoes2 aft] ?is1 fre% upheaval4 ,) ^! surface *anges come *anges 9 ! plant & animal life1 especially 9 ! =m]2 = plants seem n to h ! happy faculty ( animals 9 accommodat+ !mselves to new conditions4 ,) ! *ang+ ages "s animals entirely disappe>1 & are kn[n to u only by _! fossil rema9s4 ,o!rs are modifi$ & fitt$ to _! new home4 ,we mu/ obs]ve t 9 no p]iod ( s9k+ aft] ! fir/ l& age 0 ! l& all cov]$ by wat]1 nor 7 all ! liv+ ?+s ( any p]iod de/roy$4 ,!re has be5 a cont9uance ( animal life on ! globe f ! fir/ e>?-build+ "t until n[4 ,! ,p]mian & ,*alk ages 7 probably ! p]iods ( greate/ *anges4 ,dur+ ! ,*alk age c]ta9 ( ! lat] =ms ( life appe>$4 ,! fruit trees1 & all ! highe/ & mo/ *oice =ms ( vegetable life1 7 pres5t among ! plants4 ,fi%es & reptiles1 crabs & lob/]s l ^? :i* n[ live1 & ! fir/ specim5s ( ! great ,ord] ( ! ,mammals1 7 f\nd 9 ! tr\bl$ seas ( ! ,*alk age4 ,x 0 ) plants t are call$ exog5s or outside gr[]s1 hav+ two se$-leaves1#ad su* z our fruit trees1 & ! oaks1 maples1 *e/nuts1 & elms1 t mod]n plant life began4 ,:5 ! mammalians came1 !y 7 ! advance gu>d ( ! high] class ( animal life4 ,?is class ( mammalia includes all animals :i* h "y :i* are n\ri%$ ) milk by _! mo!rs4 ,! fir/ age ( ! ,neozoic1 or ,new ,life p]iod1 is m>k$ by a c]ta9 s+ul> k9d ( lime/one rock1 call$ nummulite or money-/one4 ,! /one receives ?is odd "n f a great v>iety ( flat %ells :i* fill ! rock1 & h be5 fanci$ to resemble p5nies1 %ill+s1 & sixp5ces4 ,^! nummulite %ells are v curi\s2 "s are s small t y c sc>cely see !m )\t a microscope2 o!rs are z broad z ! above-nam$ co9s4 ,ea* %ell is made up ( a great numb] ( little cells1 set 9 r+s1 beg9n+ ) a v small r+ ab\t ! c5tral cell1 & ! next a little l>g]1 & s on4 ,! %ells 7 ! homes ( creatures call$ =am9if]a1 "s ( :i* are n[ liv+ & build+ %ells 9 ! bottom ( our seas4 ,:5 ^! creatures 7 alive ^! cells 7 fill$ ) a s(t sub/ance su* z we see 9 jelly-fi%4#ae ,we c sc>cely realize ! va/ am\nt ( "w done by ^! small1 feeble creatures1 9 e>?-build+4 ,! nummulites 7 ! /onemasons ( cont95ts4 ,! nummulite s&/one is f\nd 9 b$s1 sometimes ?\s&s ( feet ?ick4 ,imag9ation fails to compass ! multitudes ( t9y liv+ creatures :i* pil$ up t5 ?\s& feet ( ! ,swiss ,alps1 & built ! sn[y peaks ( di/ant ,?ibet1 & gra9 by gra9 laid up ! long *a9s ( ! ,pyr5ees4 ,little microscopic creatures1 close k9 to ^! nummulites1 built ! rocks 9 ,egypt ( :i* ! ,sph9x & ,pyramids are made1 & ! enorm\s plat=m ^u :i* !y /&4 ,^! little animals also laid up ! va/ b$s ( build+ /one ( :i* ne>ly all ! great city ( ,p>is is made4 ,h[ did !y d ?is8 ,! little jelly-l creatures want$ cov]+ = _! frail bodies1 & s ga!r$ f ! sea-wat] p>ticles ( lime & built !m into %ells4 ,millions ^u millions ( ^! %ells fell d[n 9 lay]s on ! sea-floor1 & !n wat]1 weight1 & heat became ! =ces to consolidate ! myriads ( %ells into /one4 ,! processes ( e>?-build+ are sl[ & long4 ,! la/ _w-build+ p]iod1 ! ,neozoic1 _h five ages4 ,y w f9d _! r h>d names on ! plate :i* is our frontispiece4 ,we might look at !m z a spl5did panorama4 ,%all we imag9e t z fairies flitt+ ?r\gh ! woods2 gnomes gu>d+ ! treasures ( ! e>?2 fair ,pixies1 float+ 9 ! riv]s & seas2 or giant ,afrites /&+ 9 ! hotte/ sun%9e on ! des]t1 we wat* ^! five beautiful & wond]ful ages roll on8 ,:at %all we see8 ,palms fir/3 great tracts ( palms1 wav+ _! fea!ry tops aga9/ ! sky4 ,! e>? 0 w>m] 9 ^? days ?an n[1 & plants & animals1 n[ rank$ z tropical1 7 f\nd z f> nor? z ,engl&4 ,n only 7 !re palms widely spread1 b cypress1 plane trees1 maples1 elms1 oaks1 r$-woods1 figs1 sweet gums1 s\r gums1 tupelos1 c9namon & clove trees4 ,! cape jasm9e swung its c5s]s ( p]fume2 f]ns & mosses made ! woodl& dep?s s(t & gre54 ,?r\gh ^! =e/s1 & ov] ! grassy pla9s1 rov$ hy5as1 wolves1 be>s1 elk1 antelopes4 ,! fam\s ma/odon 0 !re1 ) _m =ms ( de]1 & ?ick-sk9n$ creatures ( ! elephant & rh9oc]os tribes t are n[ kn[n no m4 ,along ! riv] sides1 among ! s$ges1 7 great wad+ birds1 turtles1 tortoises1 crocodiles1 s]p5ts4 ,insects & birds increas$1 & "h & !re a monkey might be se5 climb+ among ! tree-tops4 ,z "t mov$ on1 a new1 /range *ange ov]took ! e>?4 ,! climate 9 ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e became cold] & cold]2 fro/ & sn[ held possession ( l&s t _h hi!rto be5 w>m & sunny4 ,cold]1 /ill cold]2 :at is call$ ! ,glacial or ,froz5 p]iod 0 draw+ on4 ,z ! atmosph]e & soil *ill$1 fir1 p9e1 bir*1 & dw>f will[ succe$$ to ! palms2 animals ( woolli] coats liv$ :]e ! ?ick-sk9n$1 smoo?-coat$1 tropical animals _h f\nd a home4 ,! ice-%eet1 :i* at ?is day wraps ! poles1 began to ext5d s\?w>d1 & an icy sea1 su* z n[ wa%es ! %ores ( ,gre5l& & ! ,nor? ,cape1 roll$ ov] ! nor!rn half ( ! globe4 ,! ,ice p]iod has occasion$ mu* dispute & wond]m5t among m5 ( sci5ce4 ,its rema9+ traces are *iefly drift1 ice-m>k+s su* z ice-worn rocks & b\ld]s1 ) ! bones ( animals & ! traces ( ,arctic plants f\nd f> s\? ( ! regions :i* su* organisms occupy at ! pres5t "t1 or did occupy 9 an age e>li] ?an ! ,glacial4 ,!y indicate a p]iod :5 ice & cold _h sway 9 l&s n[ temp]ate4 ,9 a future *apt] we %all consid] = a little ! "w ( iceb]gs & glaci]s 9 c>v+ ! _w4 ,at pres5t we c only say t geologi/s consid] t ! ice-cap came d[n to ! #dj p>allel ( latitude nor?1 :ile o!rs believe t ! frequ5t ice-m>k+s & b\ld]s f\nd ?r\gh\t ! temp]ate zone are ! "w ( iceb]gs drift+ 9 ,arctic curr5ts1 & swept mu* fur!r s\? ?an !y are n[ se54 ,up to ?is p]iod we h consid]$ r$-hot worlds1 melt$ worlds1 dr[n$ worlds2 ! ,glacial age gives u a froz5 _w4 ,b ! "o great fact writt5 ov] ! face ( ! globe is *ange4 ,e>?-build+ sweeps ?r\gh great circles or p]iods ( *ange4 ,t a c]ta9 /ate exi/s is1 x seems1 m]ely pro( t pres5tly x w n be1 b w h made room = "s new & diff]5t /ate4 ,ev5 ! ,ice age 0 n to la/ =ev]4 ,fro/ 0 k+ = a "t1 z fire _h be5 k+ & wat] _h be5 k+4 ,b ! ,ice age began at la/ to loos5 its cold clasp ^u ! _w4 ,! atmosph]e grew w>m]2 ! l& rose up above ! icy seas2 ! b]gs sail$ into equatorial regions & 7 dissolv$ 9 ! w>m curr5ts ( ! ,gulf ,/ream4 ,! ,nor!rn hemisph]e nev] return$ to ! w>m? ( climate x _h enjoy$ be=e ! ,ice age came on1 b x ga9$ ! mild temp]ature ( to-day4 ,z ! ice-%eet sl[ly retreat$ plants sprang up on ! e>?1 ! flora foll[+ ! )draw+ edges ( ! ice4 ,!re 0 an age :5 9 ,engl& & ,irel& & ,france fl[]s bloom$ :i* n[ are f\nd only on ! high ,alps4 ,aft] a "t ! flora ( ! e>? became :at x is n[4 ,! ma/odon & 8 associates disappe>$1 & %eep1 horses1 & dogs1 & ! bov9e animals1--! animals t especially contribute to ! com=t & s]vice ( man1--became num]\s4 ,on ! surface ( ! e>? /reams & riv]s did _! "w1 & arable l& 0 ready = com+ h>ve/s4 ,! ,ice age _h be5 a bitt] w9t] "t2 x 0 foll[$ by a spr+4 ,c5turies /ormy z ,m>*1 & *angeful z ,april1 & s(t z ,may1 foll[$ ea* o!r1 br++ ! e>?-build+ epo*s to a close1 & putt+ on ! globe ! f9i%+ t\*es to fit x = ! home ( humanity4 ,n[ at la/ 7 se5 ! c]eals1 ! corn-food ( man1 ! /ately & gold5 maize1 ! silv] :eat1 ! be>d$ b>ley4 ,) ^! came ! g\rd & lup9e families1 br++ u all mann] ( melons1 cucumb]s1 pumpk9s1 peas1 l5tiles1 & beans4 ,! ho/s ( ! apple ord] ( fruits 7 m>%all$ 9 array2 ! pea*1 plum1 *]ry1 apple1 pe>4 ,! v9e & ! olive cov]$ ! slopes2 e>? 0 n[ a ri* & spl5did k+dom wait+ = its de/9$ k+4 ,! k+ came1 & flora & fauna 7 at 8 s]vice2 8 "n 0 ,,man4 ,,footnotes3 #ad ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 p4 #bc4 #ae ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b4 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,,! ,,/>ry ,,heav5s4 8,sit1 ,jessica3 ,look h[ ! floor ( heav5 ,is ?ick inlaid ) pat9es ( bright gold2 ,!re's n ! smalle/ orb1 :i* ?\ beholde/1 ,b 9 8 motion l an angel s+s1 ,/ill quir+ to ! "y-ey$ *]ubim40 --,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act #e4 ,! kitt5 plays ) its tail1 ! lamb nibbles ! grass1 ! *ick scrat*es on ! gr\nd = a liv+1 & none ( !m feel any curiosity ab\t ! reason ( ?+s ar\nd !m4 ,b ! smalle/ *ild beg9s to ask que/ions1 especially ab\t ! natural objects t surr\nd x4 ,x is n satisfi$ ) hav+ wat] to dr9k2 x wants to "k f :5ce wat] comes4 ,fruit is good1 b h[ d fruits gr[8 ,no d\bt ! fir/ human be+s felt ?is same curiosity1 or r desire = k1 ! food ( ! m9d4 ,z soon z !re 0 a man to obs]ve natural objects1 :at !y 71 & h[ !y came to be1 7 que/ions t e>ly pres5t$ !mselves to 8 att5tion1 & af=d$ !me = ! fir/ leg5ds & fables4 ,! wond]s ( ! heav5s 7 among ! prim>y subjects ( human ?\ght4 ,! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun1 & 8 spl5did way ?r\gh ! sky2 ! mild] beauty ( ! moon2 ! m>%all$ ho/s ( ! />s ar\s$ ! admiration1 int]e/1 ev5 wor%ip1 ( ! e>lie/ repres5tatives ( our race4 ,m5 conclud$ t ! heav5ly bodies 7 gods or m51 :o = great de$s _h be5 tak5 to %9e 9 dea?less glory 9 ! skies4 ,) enl>g+ ideas !y und]/ood t ! />s are worlds1 b !y _h no means ( det]m9+ h[ l>ge or h[ di/ant !y might be4 ,! fir/ /ud5ts ( ! skies ?\ght t ! e>? 0 ! l>ge/ ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & /ood /ill1 :ile ! o!rs mov$4 ,!y consid]$ also t ! e>? 0 flat1 & t ! skies above x 7 a va/ hemisph]ical dome4 ,su* notions are in/9ctive ev5 at ! pres5t "t4 ,h[ natural x is = u to believe t ! e>? is ! l[] half ( ! univ]se1 & ! skies ! upp] half6 ,we speak z if ! heav5s & ! e>? 7 two sep>ate creations4 ,we are sl[ to recognize ! fact t ! e>? is m]ely "o little "p ( ! heav5s4 ,! heav5s are ab\t u on e side4 ,by ! heav5s we mean t "p ( space :i* seems to be /> fill$4 ,9 ^! heav5s our _w is z a globe susp5d$1 & e /> t we see is ano!r globe susp5d$ 9 space4 ,( ^! globes we c1 ) ! unaid$ eye1 see c\ntless ?\s&s2 millions m are rea*$ only by p[]ful telescopes2 v likely myriads /ill exi/ :i* no glass is /rong en\gh to br+ into human sight4 ,9 anci5t times p fanci$ t ! />s rul$ ! lives ( m51 & f !m came good or evil influ5ces1 w>s1 fam9es1 plagues4 ,!y =etold ! ev5ts ( ye>s by ! />s t %[$ highe/ & brighte/1 & ca/ ! horoscopes ( individuals by divid+ ! sky into 8h\ses0 or sections1 & consid]+ ! appe>ances ( ^! h\ses at ! h\r :5 a *ild 0 born4 ,?is pursuit 0 call$ a/rology1 & x ext5d$ to ! /udy ( comets1 eclipses1 & all ! appe>ances ( ! skies4 ,?is a/rology 0 an elaborate sci5ce1 & "o ( ! mo/ anci5t /udies ( m51 & by degrees l$ ! way to ! pres5t noble sci5ce ( a/ronomy4 ,:5 we look at ! skies !y seem to be cr[d$ ) %9+ bodies s[n ?ickly toge!r )\t any p>ticul> ord]4 ,look+ m c>efully1 we see t 9 p>ts ( ! sky ! />s are ?ickly clu/]$1 & t !re seem to be empty spaces4 ,we obs]ve too t !re are diff]5ces 9 ! size1 brightness1 & color ( ! />s4 ,"s />s are r$1 "s :ite1 "s blue1 "s gre5 or yell[3 "s %9e ) a cle>1 /eady ray1 "s quiv]1 tremble1 disappe>1 reappe>4 ,dur+ ! day we _c see ! />s1 because ( ! great] brightness ( ! sun%9e4 ,:5 ! moon is full & bright at night ! />s seem dim1 b on a cl\dless1 moonless night ! />s are well display$4 ,! e>ly obs]v]s divid$ ! />s into con/ellations1 & trac$ ^u ! sky fanciful figures ( *airs1 dragons1 %eep1 cr[ns1 be>s1 p]sons1 ea* ( ^! con/ellations hav+ "s few prom95t />s & a numb] ( small] ones4 ,:ile ! outl9es ( ^! objects are entirely fanciful1 ! arrangem5t is ( great use 9 help+ u to f9d or describe />s4 ,di/ant 9 ! />ry space are va/ %9+ cl\ds1 :i* 7 once suppos$ to be :irl+ masses ( vapor or 8/> du/10 & receiv$ ! "n ( nebul1 or cl\ds4 ,bett] telescopes h reveal$ ! true "* ( ! nebul1 & we f9d t !y are ?ickly cr[d$ />s1 s imm5sely di/ant t _! light m+les z "o mass1 & ! spaces betwe5 !m are n se54 ,x is also true t !re are "s nebul :i* are really 8cl\d-masses ( gl[+ gas40 ,w&]+ among ! />s are se5 at times brilliant bodies ) long tra9s or tails ( gl[+ vapor4 ,^! are comets4 ,once _! appe>ances caus$ great t]ror1 z indicat+ disa/] to ! human race1 & ev5 n[ "s p]sons are al>m$ le/ "o ( ^! sky w&]]s %\ld1 9 8 frantic flight1 run aga9/ our e>? & da% ! poor little globe to pieces6 ,b ^! comets are n su* vagrants z !y seem4 ,law reigns 9 all ! univ]se1 & ev5 comets are subject to x1 & come & g on a di/9ct track4 ,! motion ( _m comets has be5 det]m9$1 & _! return into ! range ( our vision is accurately =etold4 ,!re are "s comets :i* always rema9 9 our own sol> sy/em2 o!rs come f ! dep?s ( space1 pass ab\t our sun1 & da% away into inf9ite di/ance to return no m4 ,v>i\s op9ions are held z to ! mat]ial ( comets4 ,"s consid] t !y are compos$ ( myriads ( small bodies l t9y meteors2 o!rs consid] !m made ( gas4 ,! head or nucleus is d\btless m solid ?an ! tail1 & x has be5 f\nd t tails ( comets diff] 9 composition2 !y conta9 hydrog51 c>bon1 iron1 *lor9e1 & o!r k9ds ( matt]1 su* z we h 9 our _w4 ,! tails ( comets always turn f ! sun1 & z ! comet ne>s ! sun 9 its circuit ! tail exp&s2 z x leaves ! sun ! tail decreases 9 size4 ,"s comets h no tails1 "s h sev]al4 ,x is suppos$ t ! tails ( comets dim9i% & f9ally disappe>1 f de/ruction ( _! exp&$ mat]ial by ! sun's heat z !y repeat$ly draw ne> to ! c5tre ( our sy/em4 ,"s comets g & come 9 _! orbits 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s1 o!rs roam = c5turies be=e !y sweep aga9 into our range ( sight4 ,z m>vell\s z ! comets1 are ! tempor>y />s4 ,sev]al in/ances are on record :]e />s h sudd5ly appe>$ :]e no /> _h be5 se5 be=e4 ,!y %one = a "t ) spl5dor1 !n fad$ away4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aegb1 a magnific5t new /> %one 9 ! con/ellation ( ,cassiopeia4 ,9 eighte5 mon?s x vani%$4 ,dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury 8,kepl]'s ,/>0 appe>$ 9 ! con/ellation ( ,! ,s]p5t ,be>]1 & surpass$ all ! f9e/ />s ne> x 9 brightness4 ,x gradually less5$1 & 9 two ye>s 0 lo/ to view4 ,o!r wond]s ( ! heav5s are ! v>iable />s4 ,! light ( ^! />s *anges greatly4 ,week aft] week !y bright5 z ! sun bright5s f dawn to noon2 !n = an equal p]iod !y pale & fade1 to revive 9 spl5dor & aga9 to wane4 ,!re are also />s t fix our att5tion by be+ b9>y or d\ble4 ,^! are tw9 />s situat$ v close toge!r1 & revolv+ ar\nd ea* o!r4 ,aft] ! b9>y />s 7 discov]$1 x 0 f\nd t !re 7 also multiple />s2 t is1 ?ree or f\r />s simil>ly situat$ 9 relation to ea* o!r1 & circl+ ab\t ea* o!r4 ,^! b9>y & multiple />s are usually ( diff]5t colors1 z a gre5 & a r$1 an orange & a blue1 or blue1 gre51 orange1 & r$ 9 a f\r-fold />4 ,mo/ ( ! />s are s v f> f u t we _c le>n mu* ab\t !m4 ,:at we call our own sol> sy/em embraces our sun & a c]ta9 numb] ( planets1 :i* dep5d on our sun = heat & light1 & con/antly move ab\t ! sun 9 great & ne>ly circul> pa?s4 ,by means ( telescopes & o!r in/rum5ts we are able to /udy our own sun & 8 sy/em ( dep5d5t planets4 ,:5 we exam9e di/ant />s !y seem to u to be l our sun1 & s we conclude t l him !y may be c5tres ( sy/ems & h planets :eel+ ab\t !m4 ,if !re 7 su* planets we c\ld n see !m1 ow+ to ! greatness ( ! di/ances4 ,planets are d>k 9 !mselves1 z our _w is1 & %9e only by reflect$ light f _! suns4 ,^! suns are ! />s ( ! field ( heav54 ,suns are /ation>y ) respect to _! accompany+ planets1 b ) respect to o!r sy/ems x is probable t ea* sy/em is 9 motion & moves ab\t "s di/ant c5tre1 l$ by its sun along "s pa? :i* no m9d c calculate4 ,z we look ^u ! heav5s we c consid] t all ^! gl[+ bodies are mov+ on "s maje/ic pa? ?r\gh inf9ite space4 ,! /> ,alcyone1 9 ! ,pleiades1 has be5 conjectur$ by ,mdl] ( ,dorpat to be ! c5tre ( gravity1 or c5tral sun ( all ! kn[n univ]se4#af ,! ,pleiades1 (t5 call$ 8,! ,sev5 ,/>s10 are a grape-%ap$ clu/]1 ( :i* six />s are l>ge & beautiful1 :ile _m small] ones appe> l a s(t1 gold5 haze4 ,anci5t poets said t once !re 7 sev5 ,pleiads1 b "o wept itself out at ! fall ( ! city ( ,troy4 ,t is a pretty fancy2 b if "o ( ^? s di/ant />s _h gone out :5 ,troy fell1 its light might yet be %9+ = u1 & c]ta9ly w\ld h %one on ,ovid1 :o told ! tale4 ,a poet has writt5 truly3-- 8,7 a /> qu5*$ on high1 ,= ages w\ld its light ,/ill travell+ d[nw>d ?r\gh ! sky1 ,fall on our mortal sight40 ,s va/ are ^! />-di/ances t x takes hundr$s ( ye>s = ! light ( a /> to rea* u1 & yet light moves "o hundr$ & eighty-six ?\s& miles a second6 ,?is is mu* fa/] ?an ,puck1 :o c\ld 8put a girdle r\ndab\t ! e>? 9 =ty m9utes60 ,:at an imm5sity is ?is ab\t u6 ,all t void amid ! />ry sy/ems we call /ell> or int]-/ell> space4 ,lit by s _m spl5did suns1 is x n !n gl[+ ) ! light ( high noon a million times multipli$8 ,no4 ,! high] we rise above ! e>?1 ! d>k] becomes ! color ( ! sky1 until x hangs l a pall ( unspeakable blackness4 ,:y is ?is8 ,:y is light n light8 ,:y ?is absolute d>kness among s _m1 _m suns8 ,x is simply lack ( du/6 ,!re mu/ be some?+ to ?r[ back & scatt] ! rays ( light be=e x c be visible4 ,unless f> up 9 /ell> space !re is du/1 />-du/1 a :irl ( motes or /ones to seize & ?r[ back ! light1 !n all mu/ be v d>k4 ,"h on our own little globe ! glori\s sunbeams light5 u1 ?anks to du/ 9 our atmosph]e4 ,! sun%9e reveals to u ! du/1 b ! du/ makes ! sun%9e visible4 ,sunbeams & du/1 ea* "o invisible )\t ! o!r6 ,,footnotes3 #af ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is m]ely a conjecture1 :i* x w\ld ne$ ages ( obs]vation to confirm4 ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,a ,,fragm5t ,,( ,,! ,,milky ,,way4 8,& n[ ! /ill />s make all heav5 sightly4 ,"o1 9 ! l[ we/1 l ! sky ablaze2 ,! ,swan1 t ) h] %9+ ,cross floats nightly1 ,& ,be>s t sl[ly walk along _! ways4 ,!re is ! gold5 ,lyre1 & !re ! cr[n ( fire3 ,?ank ,god = nights s fair to ^! bright days40 --,,l[ell1 ,summ] ,nightfall4 ,look+ up into ! heav5s we _c fail to notice a broad1 %9+ b& t crosses ! sky4 ,we are e>ly told t ?is is ! ,milky ,way1 receiv+ its "n f its pale1 silv]y light & its pa?-l track across ! firmam5t4 ,all ! heav5ly bodies are arrang$ 9 clu/]s or nebul2 no "o ( !m is isolat$4 ,! ,milky ,way is "o ( ^! nebul4 ,its %ape is t ( a wide1 irregul> ribbon deeply not*$ at "o end4 ,! reason ( ! :ite & %9+ appe>ance ( ! entire nebula1 is t x is d5sely cr[d$ ) />s1 & is s imm5sely di/ant t ! spaces betwe5 ! />s are lo/ to view4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s ago ,h]s*el endeavor$ to c\nt ! />s 9 ! ,milky ,way4 ,he f\nd eighte5 millions ( />s 9 ! c5tral belt alone4 ,h[ long is ?is nebula8 ,light />t+ f "o limit ( its longe/ diamet]1 & travell+ "o hundr$ & eighty-six ?\s& miles a second1 w\ld travel fifte5 ?\s& ye>s be=e x rea*$ ! la/ %9+ /> 9 ! ,milky ,way6 ,su* di/ances z ?is are beyond our p[] to imag9e4 ,! ,milky ,way is a gigantic clu/] ( suns1 & if ea* sun has its planet>y sy/em ab\t x1 ea* sy/em rides l a %9+ ar*ipelago 9 ^! seas ( space4 ,e>? & all o!r planets1 be+ d>k 9 !mselves1 d n c\nt 9 ^! burn+ di/ances4 ,s !n our sun is b a />1 & ! ,milky ,way is made up ( millions ( su* />s4 ,m ?an ?is1 our sun is "o ( ! _m />s t compose ?is wond]ful b& ( light4 ,we h n[ f\nd our place 9 ! heav5s--we are a portion ( ! ,milky ,way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hung ,,9 ,,space4 ,all ! l>ge />s :i* grace our mo/ brilliant nights belong to ?is same great clu/]4 ,we are ourselves ly+ ne> its c5tre4 ,among all ^! suns our own appe>s to u to be ! l>ge/ & mo/ magnific5t4 ,?is is because x is ne>e/ to u1 & x is to u ! s\rce ( life1 light1 & heat4 ,!re may be o!r suns ( t5fold spl5dor1 & !re may be o!r nebul f> l>g] & m cr[d$ ) suns ?an ! ,milky ,way4 ,!re are o!r nebul :i* h receiv$ diff]5t names1 f ! %ape ( _! outl9es1 z globul>1 annul>1 spiral1 d\ble1 multiple2 ! ,crab1 ! %ip ,argo1--:i* is %ap$ l a comet1--! ,magellanic cl\ds1 & s on4 ,^! lie l spl5did isl&s rock+ 9 di/ant space1 s f> away1 t if we travell$ ) ! inconceivable spe$ ( light1 we might be millions ( ye>s 9 rea*+ !m4 ,_m ( ! greate/ human m9ds h1 dur+ _m ages1 be5 occupi$ 9 /udy+ our sol> sy/em1 inve/igat+ its laws1 measur+ its di/ances4 ,! discov]ies s made h be5 appli$ to o!r sy/ems1 & 9 ?is way1 by long & sl[ b sure degrees1 ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy has be5 built up4 ,f anci5t times x has be5 ! cu/om to divide ! />s into classes accord+ to _! app>5t size4 ,?is app>5t size dep5ds *iefly ^u _! ne>ness to u1 & evid5tly1 z ! few only are ne>1 & ! _m are f> (f1 />s ( ! fir/ magnitude are few 9 numb]1 & z !y dim9i% 9 app>5t size ! numb] embrac$ 9 ! successive classes increases4 ,?us we f9d b eighte5 />s ( ! fir/ magnitude2 b ( ! ?ird !re are "o hundr$ & sev5ty1 ( ! f\r? five hundr$1 & ?us on4 ,:5 we look upw>d 9 a />ry w9t] night we fancy we c see millions ( />s4 ,9 tru? ) ! unaid$ eye we c see only six ?\s& at mo/1 & x ne$s v /rong eyes to see m ?an f\r ?\s&4 ,b :5 we turn a telescope ^u ! sky we beg9 to c\nt />s by millions4 ,all ! />s are 9 app>5t motion2 !y h _! ris+ & _! sett+ z does ! sun2 ! con/ellations appe> above ! horizon1 & move swiftly d[n ! sky4 ,only "o /> is1 z view$ f our _w1 immovable1 rema9+ =ev] fix$ 9 its place2 we call x ! ,nor? ,/>1 or ! ,pole ,/>1 because to u ( ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e x seems to be always wat*+ above ! ,nor!rn ,pole4 ,b1 :ile unalt]able z reg>ds u1 ! ,pole ,/> is n releas$ f ! g5]al law ( motion :i* rules ! />s4 ,:5 we beg9 to trace out con/ellations1 we usually take ! ,pole ,/> z our />t+-po9t4 ,! ,pole ,/> is 9 ! tail ( ! con/ellation ( ! ,little ,be>1 & we f9d x by imag9+ a /raight l9e drawn f ! two upp] />s 9 ! squ>e ( ! ,great ,dipp]4 ,! ,great ,dipp] we %all easily f9d1 z x is compos$ ( sev5 l>ge1 bright />s1 f\r ( :i* =m an irregul> f\r-sid$ figure & f "o corn] ( ?is squ>e ?ree o!rs ext5d 9 a slightly curv$ l9e4 ,?is con/ellation1 se5 f any place nor? ( ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 nev] sets1 b sl[ly turns ar\nd ! fix$ ,pole ,/>4 ,9 anci5t times ! ,great ,dipp] 0 sometimes call$ ! ,*>iot1 or ,david's ,*>iot1 & among ,engli% c\ntry p x is kn[n z ,*>les's ,wa91 a wa9 be+ an old ,engli% "n = a wagon4 ,! ,*9ese "n ! ,great ,dipp] 8,! ,god ( ! ,nor?02 ! ,mohamm$ans (t5 call x 8,! ,h& ( ,god40 ,x is also call$ ! ,great ,be>4 ,( all ! />s ! "o ne>e/ u is 9 ! s\!rn con/ellation ( ! ,c5taur2 b t is s f> (f t its di/ance is beyond our compreh5sion1 be+ ov] two hundr$ & elev5 ?\s& times z f> di/ant z ! sun4 ,if we c\ld take a ray ( light = our /e$ we mu/ ride ?ree ye>s & six mon?s to rea* ?is sun t is ne>e/ to our sun 9 ! />ry ho/s4 ,b is light = a /e$ all t is want$ = su* a trip among ! />s8 ,no2 = a v little way f our e>? we %\ld be 9 want ( an atmosph]e1 or air to brea!1 & also 9 want ( light & heat4 ,light1 heat1 & air are probably alike lack+ 9 />ry space4 ,be=e we consid] ! orbs :i* compose our own sol> sy/em1 _! motions & relation%ips1 :i* we %all d 9 ano!r *apt]1 let u consid] = a little ! !ory ( ! orig9 ( sy/ems1 tak+ our own = a sample ( ! re/4 ,t5nyson ! poet1 puts ! /ory ( sy/em-build+ ?us3-- 8,?is _w 0 once a fluid haze ( light ,till t[>d ! c5tre set ! />ry tides1 ,& eddi$ into suns t :eel+ ca/ ,! planets40 ,we saw 9 a previ\s lesson t our _w 0 once a va/ ball ( fi]y vapor4 ,! great a/ronom] ,laplace1 aft] _m ye>s ( /udy1 publi%$ a !ory ab\t sy/em-mak+1 call$ ! 8,nebul> ,hypo!sis10 :i*1 z simply z we c put x1 is ?is3 ,fir/1 !re is a great cl\d ( gl[+ vapor1 ! v>i\s p>ticles ( :i* are by ! law ( gravitation drawn t[>d a s+le c5tre4 ,z ! p>ticles press equally to ! c5tre f all sides1 x is evid5t t ! fir/ result w be a ball ( con/antly increas+ solidity4 ,?is nebul\s mass possesses also a motion ( rotation1 or turn+ ov] on its own axis4 ,z ! ball gr[s small] & m d5se1 x w sp9 r\nd fa/] & fa/]4 ,! gase\s matt] ( ! sph]e hav+ become fluid or p>tly fluid1 ! ball /ill :irls on1 & we mu/ n[ notice a second motion1 call$ c5trifugal or tang5tal1 :i* has become m app>5t z ! rotation increases 9 velocity4 ,:ile by ! =ce ( gravity all atoms seek ! c5tre1 by ?is c5trifugal =ce atoms are driv5 f ! c5tre4 ,?is tang5tal motion is famili>ly se5 9 ! case ( mud on a :eel-tire1 ! mud be+ flung (f f ! :eel by a motion creat$ by rotation4 ,s f ! sp9n+ globe a r+ ( matt] w be deta*$ & fly (f into space4 ,if ?is r+ 7 equally h>d & ?ick 9 all its p>ts1 & exactly pois$ ab\t ! globe f :i* x sprung1 x might keep ! r+ %ape4 ,b 9 ne>ly all cases ! r+ :5 flung (f w\ld be irregul>1 & w\ld consequ5tly break up4 ,z x broke1 ! l>ge/ fragm5ts1 keep+ ! :eel+ motion & made sph]ical by gravity1 w\ld draw into !mselves ! small] ne> fragm5ts4 ,!n1 aft] a :ile1 foll[+ ! example ( ! globe f :i* !y spun (f1 ^! new globes w\ld ca/ (f r+s ( matt] :i* w\ld contract & h>d5 into globes1 & become _! satellites or att5dants1 z !y1 held by ! =ce ( gravity1 rema9 att5dants ^u ! fir/ great globe4 ,?is is ! nebul> !ory ( sy/em-build+4 ,we see t 9 x ?ree ?+s are pre-suppos$1 or tak5 = grant$2 fir/1 matt] 9 a /ate ( sl[ly rotat+ gl[+ vapor2 second1 a law ( gravitation2 ?ird1 a law ( tang5tal motion4 ,9 ! "o hundr$ ye>s s9ce ?is hypo!sis 0 fir/ develop$ by ,laplace1 no "o has ev] se5 ! gl[+ vapor consolidat+ to suns4 ,^! processes are f> too long to h be5 )9 any human obs]vation1 b long & c>eful /udy has enabl$ man to le>n "s ( ! wond]ful laws by :i* ! univ]se is gov]n$4 ,let u see if ?is explanation ( ,laplace fits any?+ :i* we f9d 9 our sol> sy/em4 ,has any great globe r+s :eel+ ab\t x8 ,yes2 ! huge planet ,saturn has a triple r+4 ,besides ?is r+1 ,saturn has eight moons1 z if "s o!r r+ _h brok5 up1 & its p>ts _h come toge!r into satellites4 ,! planet ,jupit] has f\r satellites1 ,m>s has two1 ,uranus has f\r1 ,neptune "o1 & our e>? has "o1 call$ ! moon4 ,!re are also 9 our sy/em a numb] ( v small planets1 closely gr\p$1 call$ a/]oids4 ,9 ! nebul> hypo!sis ^! a/]oids might repres5t matt] ca/ (f at fir/ 9 r+s1 break+ & f9ally cond5s+ into sph]es4 ,"h we f9d 9 our sol> sy/em betwe5 ! l>g] planets ,m>s & ,jupit] a spl5did zone ( m9or planets4 ,comets are also expla9$ by ?is !ory1 z l>ge masses ( mat]ial1 too ev5ly balanc$ among ! planets to yield to ! attraction ( any "o ( !m1 b own+ ! attraction ( ! sun1 ! c5tre ( gravity ( our entire sy/em1 & :eel+ ab\t x 9 va/ elliptical orbits4 ,f9ally x is suppos$ by "s t ! g5]al spe$ ( our entire sy/em is slack5+4 ,?is 8sl[+ up0 ( ! sy/em is suppos$ to be due to ! friction ( e!r :i* p]vades all space1 & also to a great dep? ( hot & exp&$ mat]ial m ?9 ?an air1 :i* ext5ds ab\t ! sun1 wrapp+ x 9 a va/1 f9e mantle ( gas1 z our atmosph]e surr\nds our globe4 ,b if x is true t ! motion ( our sy/em is gr[+ sl[]1 x w be _m millions ( ye>s be=e ! *ange w be great en\gh to notice2 j z1 grant+ t ! sun is los+ its heat1 x w be _m millions ( ye>s be=e x ceases to %9e ^u & w>m our globe4 ,9 fact ! less5+ ( spe$ 9 ! sol> sy/em1 & ! less5+ ( sun heat1 are z yet only !ories & n prov$ facts4 ,! sun w %9e on1 & ! worlds w :irl ar\nd x1 ?r\gh "t :i* no human m9d c calculate4 ,attraction1 ! attraction ( ! sun ov] ! planets1 & ! planets = ea* o!r1 has be5 sev]al times m5tion$4 ,:at is ?is attraction8 ,attraction is a 8draw+ to40 ,if a magnet be held ne> /eel fil+s x attracts ! p>ticles ( /eel1 & !y adh]e to ! magnet2 ?is attractive p[] is magnetic attraction4 ,! attraction or pull+ p[] :i* bodies h = ea* o!r1 is call$ ! attraction ( gravity or ( gravitation4 ,all bodies h ?is attraction = ea* o!r1 b 9 small bodies we d n obs]ve x4 ,its =ce is due to ! weight or mass ( ! bodies1 & dim9i%es z _! di/ance f ea* o!r increases4 ,x is by ?is =ce1 or attraction ( gravitation1 t :atev] is ?r[n into ! air falls t[>ds ! e>?4 ,if y ?r[ up a ball x moves upw>d1 obey+ ! =ce y put into y\r ?r[1 b soon t =ce is us$ up1 & ! e>? pulls ! ball back4 ,y jump1 & y rise f ! e>? by ! =ce exp5d$ by y\r legs 9 ! act ( jump+1 b t =ce is us$ up soon1 & ! e>? pulls y d[n4 ,y jump f a tree or ro(1 & d[n y come to ! e>?1 pull$ by ! =ce or attraction ( gravitation4 ,?is =ce or attraction1 ex]t$ by ! great /rong sun ov] our e>? & all o!r planets1 keeps !m travell+ 9 ne>ly r\nd pa?s ab\t ! sun4 ,?is attraction1 ex]t$ by ! e>? ov] ! moon1 keeps ! moon travell+ 9 a ne>ly circul> pa? ab\t ! e>?4 ,& does n ! moon !n attract ! e>?8 ,oh1 yes1 all bodies attract ea* o!r2 b ! moon is ( mu* less weight or mass ?an ! e>?1 & h] pull is weak 9 comp>ison2 %e _c pull ! e>? out ( h] orbit4 ,%e does pull some?+ h[ev]1 & :at d y suppose %e pulls8 ,%e pulls ! wat] t is on ! e>?1 heap+ x up 9 ! tides6 ,! tide is simply ! ocean obey+ ! attraction ( ! moon4 ,x seems a pity t 9 a few simple lessons on ! sol> sy/em1 we %\ld use any t]ms t are h>d to be und]/ood4 ,b "s few su* t]ms we h be5 oblig$ to use4 8,attraction ( gravitation0 is "o ( ^! :i* we h tri$ to make a little pla9]4 8,incl9ation ( plane to orbit0 is ano!r4 ,:at does t mean8 ,c we make x cle>8 ,let u set a lamp on ! table1 & call x ! sun4 ,n[ take an orange & call x ! _w4 ,call ! /em-place1 & ! spot opposite1 ! poles ( ?is _w4 ,next run a knitt+-ne$le ?r\gh ! orange1 f pole to pole1 to repres5t ! axis on :i* ! e>? turns4 ,z we sp9 our e>?-orange ar\nd on its axis1 let u move our ne$le ar\nd ! lamp1 9 a lemon-%ap$ pa?4 ,?is %ape is call$ an ellipse4 ,?us we repres5t ! e>? turn+ ar\nd on its axis1 or ov] & ov]1 & at ! same "t travell+ ar\nd ! sun4 ,n[ x is cle> t we c hold our knitt+-ne$le /raight out1 horizontally1 or we c hold x /raight up & d[n1 p]p5dicul>ly1 z x moves ar\nd ! sun-lamp4 ,b nei!r ( ^! /raight positions w\ld repres5t ! direction ( ! axis ( ! e>?2 we mu/ tip ! ne$le a little1 s z to hold x 9 a slant+ position4 ,n[ if we held ! ne$le exactly up & d[n1 or exactly /raight out1 ! sun-lamp w\ld %9e on j half ( ! orange1 z divid$ f pole to pole4 ,b :5 we tip ! ne$le y see we br+ our orange-_w 9 su* a position t1 z x passes ar\nd ! sun-lamp1 ! light falls n[ m ar\nd "o pole1 n[ m ar\nd ! o!r2 ?is tipp$ position is 8incl9ation to ! plane ( orbit40 ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,,plan ,,& ,,progression4 8,!y rise 9 joy1 ! />ry myriads burn+-- ,! %eph]d greets !m f 8 m\nta9s free2 ,& f ! silv]y sea ,to !m ! sailor's wakeful eye is turn+-- ,un*ang$ !y rise--0 --,,hemans4 ,we h n[ f\nd t our e>? is "o among sev]al planets revolv+ ar\nd a great c5tral /> :i* we "n ! sun4 ,! sun & 8 att5dant planets & _! satellites =m :at is call$ ! sol> sy/em4 ,we h also f\nd t ! heav5s are fill$ ) su* sy/ems1 & t ^! are ga!r$ toge!r 9 nebul or clu/]s4 ,prom95t among ^! clu/]s is ! ,milky ,way1 ne> ! c5tre ( :i* our sy/em is plac$4 ,! bodies :i* 9 our sy/em revolve ab\t ! sun1 are call$ planets4 ,) respect to ! sun & o!r great />s ! planets are small1 b consid]$ 9 !mselves !y are enorm\s bodies4 ,!y are all d>k sph]es1#ag hav+ no light 9 !mselves4 ,is x true t ! moon ) h] silv]y radiance & ,v5us & ,m>s ) _! /eadfa/ beams1 are dull & d>k z burnt-out c9d]s8 ,?is is inde$ true2 ! planets receive _! light & heat f ! sun1 & x is z !y reflect back ?is light t !y %9e s brilliantly4 ,z an example ( su* reflection take a new t9 plate2 x has no light 9 itself2 %ut x 9 a d>k room1 x gives out no light2 b hold x :]e a broad ray ( sun%9e /rikes x1 & at once ! light is reflect$ back f ! t9 ) su* burn+ spl5dor t ! eyes c sc>cely look ^u x4 ,s we h obs]v$ w9d[s /ruck by ! light ( ! sett+ sun1 & at once blaz+ =? l fires4 ,! planet ne>e/ to ! sun is nam$ ,m]cury4 ,x is di/ant f ! sun ab\t ?irty-five millions ( miles1#ah & is ! smalle/ ( ! eight major planets4 ,m]cury is s close to ! sun t x is ne>ly always lo/ 9 ! sun's light1 & c be se5 by ! nak$ eye only occasionally1 imm$iately aft] a cle> sunset1 or be=e a cle> sunrise4 ,! telescope %[s u t ,m]cury has phases z ! moon has2 possesses1 z f> z kn[n1 no satellites1 & its pa? is n s ne>ly 9 a circle z t ( o!r planets4 ,to ! nak$ eye x appe>s z a small />1 ) a :ite light fa9tly t9t$ ) r$4 ,ly+ s ne> to ! sun x receives mu* m light & heat ?an we d4 ,its day is tw5ty-f\r h\rs long2 its ye> has b eighty-eight days1 & ea* ( its seasons is b tw5ty-two days long4 ,! %ortness ( ! ye> & ( ! seasons is ! result ( ! ne>ness ( ! planet to ! sun1 :i* s %ort5s its pa? t x c be trav]s$ 9 less ?an ?ree ( our mon?s4 ,! next planet 9 ord] ( di/ance f ! sun is ,v5us1 ! mo/ beautiful ( :at we popul>ly call />s4 ,b ,v5us is a planet1 n a />4 ,v5us is visible ne>ly all ! ye>1 & is (t5 ! fir/ /> to %9e =? 9 ! ev5+ or ! la/ "o to fade away 9 ! morn+4 ,x has ev5 be5 se5 %9+ at noon-day4 ,?is dazzl+ light ( ,v5us is suppos$ to be caus$ by a d5se lay] ( cl\d1 :i* wraps ! planet ab\t1 & proves an admirable reflector ( ! sun's rays4 ,! day ( ,v5us is ab\t half an h\r %ort] ?an our own2#ai its ye> is two hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r days4 ,! ,fr5* a/ronom]1 ,flamm>ion1 tells u t m\nta9s1 mu* high] ?an any on our e>?1 h be5 measur$ on ! planet ,v5us4 ,! *anges ( temp]ature on ,v5us are mu* m sudd5 ?an on our e>?2 b x has no ice at ! poles1 = its w9t] does n la/ long en\gh = ice to accumulate z x does at ! e>?'s poles4 ,z ! orbit ( ,v5us is betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun1 x happ5s t at c]ta9 times ,v5us lies betwe5 ! sun & ! e>?1 & s %[s u its d>k side4 ,aga91 :5 x is to ! "r or left ( ! sun1 we see only a cresc5t =m$ by its qu>t]1#bj & x is at ?is phase t its m\nta9s h be5 measur$4 ,v5us is sixty-six millions ( miles f ! sun1 & :5 ne>e/ u ab\t tw5ty-six million miles f ! e>?1 be+1 ) ! exception ( ! moon1 our ne>e/ neighbor 9 ! skies4 ,! ?ird planet f ! sun is our e>?1 n9ety-two million miles f ! s\rce ( its light & heat4 ,circl+ ar\nd ! e>?1 & mov+ ) x 9 its orbit1 goes ! moon4 ,! e>? rotates on its axis once 9 ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 giv+ u day & night 9 t p]iod ( "t1 accord+ z1 dur+ its revolution1 a "p ( ! surface is turn$ to or f ! sun4 ,z ! e>? rolls ov] ^u itself1 x also rolls along its orbit1 or sky-pa?4 ,! pa? ( ! e>? ab\t ! sun is travell$ ov] 9 ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five & a qu>t] days1 giv+ u our *ange ( seasons by ! incl9ation ( ! e>?'s axis to ! plane ( its orbit4 ,next remov$ beyond ! e>? f ! sun1 is ! spl5did planet ,m>s1 :i* is easily di/+ui%able by its r$ light4 ,x is 9 "s p>ts ( its pa? only sev5 millions ( miles fur!r f ! e>? ?an ,v5us4 ,m>s has a day ( ab\t ! same l5g? z ours1 & its seasons are ( ne>ly ! same int5sity2 b :ile a season is ?ree mon?s long ) u1 on ,m>s x is v ne>ly six mon?s1 = ,m>s takes almo/ two ( our ye>s to travel r\nd ! sun4 ,m>s has a sn[ or ice-cap at ea* pole2 x has also an atmosph]e1 z ) a telescope we c obs]ve cl\ds drift+ across its sky1 ! cl\ds be+ =m$ z cl\ds "h1 by ! evaporation ( wat] f ! surface ( ! globe1 :i* moi/ure1 be+ c>ri$ up 9 invisible vapor1 is cond5s$ by cold] curr5ts ( air & =ms cl\ds4 ,! r$ light ( ,m>s is suppos$ to be produc$ by ! color ( its surface1 & by "s x is consid]$ t ! vegetation on ,m>s may be r$1 z ours is gre51 & t to an obs]v] on ,m>s1 our planet w\ld %9e ) a gre5 light1 z to u ,m>s %9es 9 r$4 ,! poles ( ,m>s are always :ite4 ,next aft] ! moon ,m>s is ! planet be/ kn[n to u1 because sometimes1 z our globe & ,m>s pursue _! pa?s ?r\gh space1 !y come ^u ! same side ( _! pa? at ! same "t1 :i* %ort5s ! di/ance betwe5 !m1 & enables close obs]vations to be tak54 ,betwe5 ,m>s & ! next planet ,jupit] !re is a v great space1 s great t a/ronom]s consid]$ t x c\ld n be empty1 b mu/ h 9 x planets too small = easy obs]vation4 ,!y !re=e resolv$ to se>* t "p ( ! sky con/antly & c>efully ) telescopes4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ?is c5tury a small planet 0 se5 9 ?is space1 & 0 nam$ ,c]es4 ,?is 0 ! fir/-f\nd a/]oid4 ,f _! small size ^! planets are call$ a/]oids or />lets4 ,o!rs 7 f\nd1 sl[ly at fir/1 & !n m & m2 9 ,april1 #ahia1 ! #cji? 0 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,palisa4 ,c]es1 ! fir/-f\nd a/]oid1 is s small t "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ?\s& little worlds ( its size c\ld be made out ( our own _w4 ,fifty little globes l ,c]es1 set side by side1 w\ld =m a l9e z long z ! diamet] ( our _w4 ,z ! mass ( ,c]es is s mu* less ?an t ( our _w1 ! attraction ( gravity is less--any?+ is fifty times z heavy on our _w z x w\ld be on ,c]es4 ,s if a boy c\ld live on ,c]es1 & h z mu* muscul> =ce z he has "h1 he c\ld play easily ) a ball t "h weighs a qu>t] ( a ton4 ,a baby on ,c]es c\ld tumble ab\t a cannon-ball z easily z a baby "h plays ) a rubb] ball4 ,if a h\se fell ov] on a man1 he c\ld set x up z easily z "h he c\ld set up a fall5 pea*-basket4 ,( c\rse x is only a play ( fancy t !re are m51 boys1 or babies on ,c]es4 ,p]haps !re is no liv+ ?+ !re4 ,if !re are liv+ creatures1 all _! habits & ways ( life mu/ be v diff]5t f ours4 ,b if p f our e>? c\ld g to ,c]es1 :y w\ld !y f9d su* wond]ful diff]5ces !re 9 weights1 & 9 ! effect ( an output ( /r5g?8 ,we h se5 t ,c]es is v mu* small] ?an our e>?2 its mass is greatly less1 & j 9 proportion to ! smallness ( its mass is ! =ce ( ! pull x ex]ts ov] objects1 or ! attraction ( gravitation2 ?is attraction is dep5d5t ^u ! mass ( ! body ex]cis+ x1 & ^u ! di/ance ( ! body attract$4 ,:5 ! di/ance betwe5 two bodies is great ! attraction is weak]1 & :5 a body is small its attract+ p[] is less 9 proportion4 ,c]es is su* a small planet t its pull ov] objects is small4 ,simil>ly1 we might say ( ! planet ,m>s t its mass is s small1 z comp>$ ) t ( ! e>?1 t a body :i* on ! e>? w\ld weigh "o hundr$ p\nds w\ld weigh mu* less on ,m>s2 & :]e y c\ld jump up five feet "h1 y c\ld rise _m feet !re4 ,! be/ a?lete :o c make a jump "h1 c rise only a few feet into ! air2 !n d[n he comes1 pull$ by ! =ce ( gravity1 ! attraction ( ! e>?4 ,b on ,c]es attraction is s small an affair t a man c\ld jump ov] a dome z high z ,/4 ,pet]'s or ,/4 ,paul's )\t creat+ any excitem5t4 ,9 fact1 on ,c]es a man w\ld weigh only "o-fiftie? "p :at he weighs "h1 & ! same output ( muscul> activity z is us$ "h w\ld h a fifty-fold value4 ,mu* ! same conditions exi/ on ! o!r a/]oids4 ,:5 fir/ discov]$ x 0 suppos$ t ! a/]oids 7 fragm5ts ( "s v l>ge planet :i* _h gone to pieces4 ,t !ory has be5 disprov$1 & n[ ! nebul> hypo!sis ( ,laplace is g5]ally admitt$ to acc\nt satisfactorily = ^! little planets4 ,aft] pass+ ! a/]oids 9 our sy/em1 we come to ,jupit]1 ! l>ge/ ( ! planets4 ,jupit] (t5 %9es m brightly ?an ,v5us4 ,x is m ?an "o ?\s& times l>g] ?an ! e>?1 & is se5 dur+ mo/ ( ! ye>4 ,! ye> ( ,jupit]2 t is1 ! "t :i* is requir$ = its j\rney ar\nd ! sun1 is almo/ twelve ( our ye>s4 ,day & night are equal1 & ( ab\t five h\rs ea*1 & !re is probably no *ange ( seasons4 ,b ,jupit] seems to be to-day a /ill highly heat$ body1 z our e>? 0 v _m ages ago1 & its surface is di/urb$ by t]rific /orms4 ,jupit] is accompani$ by f\r moons1 & its globe is surr\nd$ by sev]al d>k belts1 :i* seem v>iable 9 numb]1 b app>5tly belong to its surface4 ,! belts some:at resemble sun-spots1 & inde$ ! :ole planet is consid]$ by a/ronom]s to be mu* m l ! sun ?an l our e>?4 ,! reason t ,jupit] does n h *anges ( season is t ! incl9ation ( ! planet to its orbit is v slight4 ,:5 we consid] t ,jupit] turns on its axis 9 less ?an half ! "t t our e>? requires = a rotation1 & is also s v mu* great] 9 diamet] ?an our e>?1 we w realize h[ m>vell\sly rapid its daily motion mu/ be4 ,next to ,jupit] 9 place1 & next also 9 size1 is ,saturn1 ! six? planet f ! sun4 ,anci5t a/ronom]s suppos$ t ) ,saturn our sol> sy/em end$4 ,saturn has eight moons plac$ at diff]5t di/ances1 & is fur!r di/+ui%$ by a v beautiful triple r+ surr\nd+ ! entire planet on its equatorial l9e4 ,)9 ?is gl[+ triple r+ ! planet turns1 & ! r+s !mselves are c>ri$ r\nd ! planet 9 a circul> movem5t ( /ill great] swiftness4 ,^! r+s are n always visible1 z !y1 l _! planet1 %9e by ! reflection ( sunlight1 & s are se5 only :5 ! sun & e>? are bo? on ! same side ( ! planet4 ,9 #agha ,sir ,william ,h]s*el1 ! ,engli% a/ronom]1 :o _h made = himself a v f9e telescope1 discov]$ ano!r planet4 ,at fir/ he suppos$ ?is 0 n a planet b a comet4 ,f9ally x 0 receiv$ into ! family ( ! planets & nam$ ,uranus4 ,uranus is mu* small] ?an ,saturn1 b _m times l>g] ?an ! e>?4 ,a ye> on ,uranus is eighty-f\r ( our ye>s2 t is1 x takes ,uranus eighty-f\r ye>s to make its circuit ( ! sun4 ,) ! discov]y ( ,uranus a/ronom]s began to hope t yet o!r bodies belong$ to our sol> sy/em4 ,!y saw t ! motion ( ,uranus 0 (t5 di/urb$1 z if "s o!r planet ne> x ex]cis$ ov] x "s attract+ =ce4 ,se>*+ c>efully1 a planet 0 f9ally f\nd1 ab\t "o hundr$ times l>g] ?an ! e>?1 & s f> f ! sun t to an obs]v] plac$ ^u x ! sun mu/ appe> l a l>ge />2 ev5 ! planet's day w\ld be no bright] ?an twilight4 ,?is new-f\nd planet 0 nam$ ,neptune1 & is ?us f> ! la/ kn[n planet ( our sun sy/em4 ,its place 0 det]m9$ 9 #ahdf4 ,neptune is ! only great planet t has be5 discov]$ by a set se>* 9 ! heav5s = x1 bas$ on reason+ t su* a planet ought to exi/4 ,a ,fr5*man & an ,engli%man discov]$ ,neptune almo/ simultane\sly4 ,! planet has "o moon4 ,uranus & ,neptune are s exce$+ly di/ant f our e>?1 & f ! sun1 t ! /udy ( !m has af=d$ v little ( int]e/4 ,,footnotes3 #ag ,pr(essor ,newcomb consid]s ,jupit] p>tly self-lum9\s4 #ah ,sir ,b4 ,ball says #cf millions2 o!rs #ce millions2 ,newcomb makes mean di/ance #dj millions4 #ai ,sir ,r4 ,s4 ,ball4 ,/ory ( ! ,heav5s1 p4 #afa4 #bj ,^! phases c be obs]v$ only ?r\gh a telescope4 ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,! ,,day4 8,9 !m ha? he set a ,tab]nacle = ! sun1 ,:i* is z a bridegroom com+ out ( 8 *amb]1 ,& rejoice? z a /rong man to run a race1 ,!re is no?+ hid f ! heat !re(40 --,psalm ,,xix4 ,if x %\ld happ5 t ! sun 7 blott$ out1 our e>? w\ld at once cease to be habitable4 ,)9 =ty-eight h\rs ! globe w\ld be cov]$ ) a deluge ( ra91 & buri$ 9 piles ( sn[1 ow+ to ! cond5sation ( all ! moi/ure 9 our sudd5ly *ill$ atmosph]e1 :ile m ?an ,arctic cold w\ld freeze ! oceans to _! dep?s4 ,9 ?is reign ( cold & d>kness all animal & vegetable life w\ld p]i%4 ,all ! planets ( our sy/em w\ld %>e ! same fate1 & z ! light ) :i* !y %9e is reflect$ f ! sun1 !y w\ld become invisible1 roll+ on ?r\gh space 9 total d>kness4 ,h[ f> f u is ?is sun1 s important to u z ! c5tre ( light1 heat1 & attraction8 ,n9ety-two millions ( miles4 ,b h[ f> is t8 ,an eng9e runn+ ?irty miles an h\r1 )\t once slack+ spe$1 c\ld g ar\nd our globe 9 ?irty-five days4 ,/>t x (f = a trip to ! moon1 & ) ! same spe$ x w\ld rea* !re 9 elev5 mon?s4 ,& !n s5d x f ! e>? to ! sun1 at an equal rate ( travel3 ye> aft] ye> x mu/ ru% on1 until ?ree hundr$ & fifty-"o ye>s 7 pass$ be=e x c\ld rea* ! sun4 ,b s mu* fa/] does light travel ?an a railroad tra91 t light comes to u f ! sun 9 eight m9utes & n9ete5 seconds6 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,light ,,& ,,! ,,night40 ,! sun is ! c5tre ( our planet>y sy/em1 & holds all ! planets 9 _! prop] orbits by ! =ce ( 8 attraction4 ,we h se5 9 our glance at ! a/]oid ,c]es1 t ! attraction ( gravity dep5ds ^u ! di/ance & ! weight or mass ( ! body ex]cis+ x4 ,if our e>? %\ld sudd5ly gr[ light] x c\ld n hold ! moon 9 its pres5t orbit2 if its attractive p[] ov] ! moon ceas$1 ! moon w\ld g tumbl+ (f into space4 ,! sun ex]cises imm5se attractive =ce by virtue ( its enorm\s mass4 ,if all ! planets 7 put into "o pan ( a pair ( scales1 ! sun 9 ! o!r w\ld outweigh !m sev5 hundr$ times ov]4 ,?ree hundr$ & fifty ?\s& su* globes z we live ^u w\ld be ne$$ to balance ! sun4 ,?is gives u "s idea ( ! mass or weight ( ! sun4 ,:at is its size8 ,our _w is ne>ly eight ?\s& miles 9 diamet] at ! equator2 ov] two hundr$ & =ty ?\s& miles di/ant f ! e>? ! moon revolves ar\nd x2 b if a circle z l>ge z ! sun c\ld be drawn1 ! e>? might be plac$ 9 ! c5tre1 ! moon roll$ 9 h] prop] pa? ar\nd x1 & beyond ?is orbit to ! l9e repres5t+ ! circumf]5ce ( ! sun w\ld be a di/ance ( ne>ly two hundr$ ?\s& miles m4 ,?is va/ orb %9es ) no borr[$ ray4 ,x is a great f\nta9 ( burn+ light :i* %9es n[ z x %one long be=e ! build+ ( our _w began4 ,no light is s p[]ful & int5se z sunlight4 ,a fla% ( lightn+ is sc>cely se5 across a sunny sky2 ! light ( lamps is n visible 9 /rong sun%9e2 no inv5t$ light c approa* sun%9e 9 brilliancy4 ,tw5ty millions ( ! brighte/ />s w\ld n %$ ^u ! e>? ! radiance p\r$ out by ! sun4 ,accord+ to ! nebul> hypo!sis ( ,laplace1 ! sun n only provides ! planets ) light & heat1 b is ! s\rce & p>5t f :i* !y sprung into space4 ,?us ! mo/ di/ant planets1 z ,neptune & ,uranus1 7 ! ones fir/ ?r[n (f1 & ! e>?1 z only 9 ! ?ird remove f its s\rce1 is "o ( ! late/ ( ! sun *ildr54 ,we "k t 9 ! f>-(f ages1 :5 ! e>? 0 be+ built into a habitable globe1 ! sun %one j z x does to-day4 ,we "k ?is f ! eyes ( fossil animals1 :i* %[ t !y 7 =m$ to receive sunlight j z eyes d to-day4 ,also ! petrifi$ ra9-m>ks1 ( :i* we spoke 9 a =m] *apt]1 tell ! same /ory2 = )\t ! sun !re w\ld h be5 no ra91 nor w\ld impr9ts h dri$ or bak$ s rapidly4 ,! heat & light ( ! sun are indisp5sable to ! production & gr[? ( all vegetation4 ,age aft] age ! g5ial rays ( ! sun n\ri%$ on ?is e>? an improv+ & enl>g+ vegetable gr[?1 :i* on its decay left add$ soil = g5]ations ( plants to come4 ,?us ! sun 0 n only ! p>5t b ! *]i%+ nurse ( our little globe4 ,we h se5 t 9 ! coal p]iod ( e>?-build+1 ! atmosph]e ( ! _w 0 heavily *>g$ ) c>bonic acid gas1 b "u ! /imulat+ effects ( sun%9e1 vegetation cont9ually increas$1 us$ up mo/ ( ! c>bonic acid gas1 & ! atmosph]e became con/antly ri*] 9 oxyg51#ba & m & m fitt$ = ! use ( animals4 ,?us we see ! sun1 z a prud5t h\sehold]1 /or+ up 9 ! _w supplies ( coal1 & purify+ at ! same "t ! air4 ,mean:ile1 by ! action ( sun rays on ! salt1 %all[ seas1 va/ salt b$s 7 produc$ & buri$1 provid+ a m9]al especially ne$ful to man4 ,our dep5d5ce ^u ! sun awak5s a desire to "k some?+ ab\t ! orb itself2 b h[ c a body s int5sely bright be /udi$8 ,smok$ & color$ glass plates are us$1 ?r\gh :i* ! sun c be obs]v$ ) com=t1 & !re are c]ta9 occasions :5 ! /udy ( ?is va/1 gl[+1 & di/ant body c be favorably pursu$4 ,^! especial occasions favorable to sun-/udy are dur+ an eclipse1 & :5 ! planets ,m]cury & ,v5us cross ! sun's disk4 ,su* a cross+ is call$ a transit4 ,x 0 once suppos$ t ! sun 0 no l>g] ?an ! moon is1 & z ne> to ! e>? z t planet is2 bo? sun & moon 7 believ$ to be mu* small] ?an ! e>?1 & v ne> to x1 & revolv+ 9 an orbit ab\t x4 ,to u ! sun appe>s to rise above ! horizon1 move across ! heav5s1 & s9k b5ea? ! horizon1 & return aft] a few h\rs' abs5ce to pursue ! same pa?4 ,mean:ile1 ! e>? does n appe> to u to move4 ,?is is n ! only case 9 :i* our eyes deceive u until we call reason to _! aid4 ,:5 we are on a swiftly mov+ tra9 ( c>s1 x seems to u t trees1 po/s1 telegraph-poles1 g ru%+ by u1 :ile we rema9 at re/4 ,al?\gh no "o n[ que/ions t ! e>? moves1 & t ) reg>d to ! e>? ! sun rema9s fix$ 9 "o place1 we /ill use ! language t fits appe>ances r ?an facts1 & we say1 8! sun rises1 ! sun sets10 :5 9 tru? ! e>? is m]ely turn+ ov] & ov]1 & s con/antly br++ a diff]5t "p ( its surface "u ! sun's rays4 ,z ! v>i\s planets move ab\t ! sun1 9 pa?s :i* we may call conc5tric circles1 or r+s set "o inside ! o!r1 x is evid5t t !re may be occasions :5 ! diff]5t planets w come betwe5 ! sun & "s planet ) an orbit beyond _! own4 ,= in/ance1 ,m]cury is a planet travell+ 9 a circle ar\nd ! sun1 b a circle small] ?an t 9 :i* ! e>? travels4 ,m]cury may !n sometimes pass across ! face ( ! sun at a "t :5 ! e>? is on ! same side ( ! sun1 & 9 t case we c obs]ve ,m]cury mov+ l a little black ball across ! gl[+ front ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,day4 ,to see su* an occurr5ce we mu/ use smok$ or d>k5$ glasses1 else ,m]cury w\ld simply be lo/ 9 ! un%ad$ spl5dor ( ! sunlight4 ,:y is n su* a transit ( ,m]cury se5 e ye>8 ,e ye> ,m]cury mu/ cross ! disk ( ! sun1 & ! reason we d n see a transit ye>ly is t ! orbits ( ,m]cury & ! e>? diff] 9 plane1 & long p]iods w elapse betwe5 ! occasions :5 ! sun1 ,m]cury1 & ! e>? come into l9e ?us3 ,illu/ration ,z ,v5us ov]takes ! e>? 9 its j\rney ar\nd ! sun once e n9ete5 mon?s1 %all we h ! b5efit ( a transit at ea* "t ( pass+8 ,no2 because ,v5us is usually ei!r above or bel[ ! l9e ( ! e>?'s orbit4 ,b :5 at long int]vals su* an ev5t z a transit ( ,v5us does occur1 no a/ronomical incid5t c be m valuable1 because x gives u ! be/ means ( measur+ ! di/ance betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun4 ,a gr& opportunity = /udy+ ! sun is af=d$ by an eclipse4 ,an eclipse ( ! sun is occasion$ by ! moon's pass+ betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun4 ,*ildr5 are frequ5tly w>n$ t x is disc\rte\s to pass betwe5 a p]son & ! fire or light2 our *ild1 ! moon1 happily = u1 (t5 passes betwe5 u & our fire1 ! sun1 & on ! =tunate occasions :5 ?is c be obs]v$ out come ! glasses = sun-/udy4 ,z ! moon revolves ab\t ! e>?1 %e sometimes /&s betwe5 ! sun & ! e>?4 ,:5 ! moon passes betwe5 u & ! sun on a cle> day1 betwe5 sunrise & sunset1 ! day gr[s d>k1 a twilight comes ov] ! _w1 & cont9ues until ! moon has cross$ ! disk ( ! sun4 ,h[ c s small a body z ! moon obscure s great a body z ! sun1 & h[ c ! moon pass 9 sev5 m9utes across a disk ne>ly a million ( miles 9 ext5t8 ,all ?is c be expla9$ by ! ne>ness ( ! moon to our globe1 & consequ5tly ! moon's great di/ance f ! sun4 ,any "o ( u c hide ! sun f u by a d9n]-plate1 or ev5 a dime1 if we hold x close en\gh to our eyes4 ,s we c move a d9n]-plate across ! disk ( ! sun1 by "o sweep ( ! arm4 ,all dep5ds ^u ! ne>ness to ourselves ( ! scre5 us$4 ,n[ z ! moon is s ne> u 9 "t ( eclipse1 %e hides ! sun f u2 ! eclipse may la/ = an h\r1 b w be total only = a few mom5ts4 ,e ye> !re mu/ be m ?an "o eclipse ( ! sun4 ,! greate/ numb] possible 9 a ye> is five1 ! lea/ two2 b ^! w n all be visible f ! same "p ( ! globe4 ,a/ronom]s call an eclipse p>tial :5 ! moon passes ov] "o or ! o!r side ( ! sun's disk4 ,an annul> or r+ eclipse is "o :]e ! moon is at su* a di/ance f ! e>?1 t %e hides only ! c5tral "p ( ! sun's disk1 :ile ar\nd ! d>k %ad[ ?us ca/ appe>s a r+ ( spl5did light4 ,a total eclipse ( ! sun is :]e ! moon is s ne> u t %e hides ! entire face ( ! sun4 ,?is c happ5 only at long int]vals = any giv5 locality4 ,?us1 :5 !re is a total eclipse ( ! sun visible f ,new ,york ,city1 x may be hundr$s ( ye>s be=e su* an eclipse is aga9 se5 f !re4 ,:5 ! sun is 9 total eclipse a glori\s halo ( cle> light call$ a corona1 or cr[n1 rays out on all sides beh9d ! black body ( ! moon4 ,horns1 cones1 & /ream]s ( violet1 sc>let1 orange1 & p9k light rise up f ?is cr[n1 & seem to toss & :irl l cl\ds 9 a /orm4 ,9 ! c>eful /udy ( ! sun ) telescopes1 x has be5 f\nd t !re are spots on its surface1 :i* look z if ! out] portion ( ! sun 7 torn4 ,n[ by wat*+ ^! spots a v wond]ful fact has be5 discov]$4 ,:at d y ?9k t is8 ,:y1 t ! sun turns ov] on its axis1 z ! e>? does4 ,b :ile ! e>? rotates once 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 x takes ! huge sun ab\t tw5ty-five days to turn ar\nd once4 ,n only is ! sun turn+ ov] on its axis1 b x has a great pa? along :i* x travels 9 space1 & z x goes on x draws ) x all ! planets & satellites ( our sy/em1 ea* held 9 its prop] pa? by ! great =ce ( ! sun's attraction4 ,?us we h le>n$ t f ! sun ^! great globes1 ! planets1 7 ?r[n (f into space1 by tang5tal =ce1 & le/ !y %\ld g too f> away !y are held 9 _! pa?s by 8 /rong attractive =ce4 ,,footnotes3 #ba ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #dj-db4 ,,lesson ,x4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,! ,,night4 8,t orbd maid51 ) :ite fire lad51 ,:om mortals call ! moon1 ,glides glimm]+ o'er my fleece-l fl[1 ,by ! midnight breezes /rewn40 --,,%elley1 ,! ,cl\d4 ,no orb 9 ! sky has attract$ m att5tion ?an ! moon4 ,beautiful names h be5 giv5 to ?is less] light t rules ! night1 & poets h sung "s ( _! sweete/ songs1 & arti/s h pa9t$ "s ( _! f9e/ pictures1 to depict ! wond]ful *>m ( moonlight4 ,! moon is 9 our m9ds associat$ ) peace1 sil5ce1 re/2 ! silv] radiance causes no pa9 to ! eyes1 & l *>ity1 :ile reveal+ objects1 x adds to _! beauty1 & subdues defects4 ,mu* t by ! light ( day seems h>% & ugly appe>s picturesque & fasc9at+ 9 ! delicate spl5dor ( ! moonlight4 ,( moonlight r ?an sunset might ! poet s+3-- 8,! spl5dor falls on ca/le walls ,& sn[y summits old 9 /ory1 ,! long light %akes across ! lakes1 ,& ! wild cat>act leaps 9 glory40 ,^? nations :o h wor%ipp$ ! sun z god ( ! day1 h paid simil> wor%ip to ! moon z goddess ( ! night4 ,! anci5t my?s spoke ( ! moon z a pure & lonely maid51 fond ( sil5ce1 hunt+1 & ! =e/ %ades4 ,increas+ k has %[n u ! moon z nei!r goddess nor maid51 b z a satellite ( ! e>?1 f :i* _m ages ago x 0 ca/ (f into space1 & by ! attraction ( :i* x is held z by invisible & unbreakable *a9s4 ,be+ s mu* ne>] to u ?an any o!r heav5ly body1 ! moon 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ & be/ und]/ood1 & to x1 ab\t two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 ! fir/ telescopes 7 turn$ ) eag] expectations ( wond]ful discov]ies4 ,! moon1 at ! ne>e/ po9t 9 its orbit1 is di/ant f u ab\t two hundr$ & tw5ty-five ?\s& miles1 only ab\t tw5ty-eight times ! diamet] ( ! e>?4 ,^? travell]s1 :o h aga9 & aga9 made ! circuit ( ! e>?1 h 9 ! aggregate pass$ ov] a great] di/ance ?an lies betwe5 u & ! moon4 ,/eam c\ld take u !re 9 less ?an a ye>2 b if ! man 9 ! moon %\ld beg9 to pelt /ones at ! e>?1 !y w\ld hit _! m>k 9 a little less ?an ?ree days & two h\rs4 ,%9+ l>ge & fair 9 ! heav5s1 ! moon seems1 z a que51 to lead =? ! ho/s ( ! />s1 b if we wat* its c\rse ea* ( ! tw5ty-sev5 days :i* x requires = its j\rney ar\nd ! e>?1 we %all see t x cont9ually falls beh9d ! progress ( ! %9+ ho/s1 & possesses a motion entirely indep5d5t ( !m4 ,! moon1 l ! e>?1 %9es by ! reflect$ light ( ! sun1 & ?is causes ! lun> or moon phases4 ,?us sometimes we see ! full moon2 !n by sl[ly less5+ degrees1 :i* we call wan+1 we see ! half1 & ! qu>t]1 & ! little cresc5t1 or octant4 ,!n we lose sight ( ! moon1 & aga9 x becomes visible z a slim cresc5t1 ! hornd moon x is call$1 & s waxes to ! full4 ,9 ! circle :i* ! moon describes ab\t our e>?1 ! moon passes betwe5 u & ! sun once 9 ab\t ?irty days1 & s pres5ts u a d>k side1 :i* is call$ ! new moon4 ,9 fifte5 days m x is on ! opposite side ( ! e>? f ! sun1 & %[s u its entire disk illum9at$1 :i* we call full moon2 pass+ /ill ab\t u1 9 fifte5 days aft] full moon1 hav+ *ang$ f full to gibb\s1 & to ! ?ird qu>t]1 half1 & second qu>t]1 once m we are pres5t$ ) ! slim octant ( ! hornd moon4 ,g5]ally ! moon 9 its orbit passes a little above or bel[ ! disk ( ! sun1 b sometimes x moves exactly across ! face ( ! sun1 & s occasions an eclipse ( ! sun4 ,aga91 sometimes ! moon1 z x passes beh9d ! e>?1 comes )9 ! cone ( %ad[ ca/ by ! e>?1 & s an eclipse ( ! moon1 ei!r total or p>tial1 is caus$4 ,!re are _m nights :5 we say 8!re is no moon40 ,we %\ld n und]/& by ?is t ! moon is n 9 ! sky2 ! simple fact is t 9 ! progression ( its ris+1 ! moon has come to a "t :5 %e moves dur+ ! day ?r\gh ! "p ( ! heav5s t is visible to u4 ,s sometimes t[>d sunset1 we see ! moon high 9 ! sky1 & dur+ "p ( ! day1 :5 ! nights are moonless1 we see ! moon :5 n obscur$ by ! great] light ( ! sun4 ,9 all ^! v>i\s *anges ( its life1 if we /udy ! moon ) telescopes1 we %all f9d x to be a globe1 opaque1 lit up by ! sun1 hav+ m\nta9s & valleys on its surface4 ,^? d>k l9es & spots :i* ) ! nak$ eye we see on ! full moon1 are ranges ( volcanic m\nta9s4 ,! surface ( ! moon has be5 mapp$ out by a/ronom]s1 :o h giv5 names to ! v>i\s em95ces & depressions1 & f a /udy ( ! moon mu* has be5 le>n$ ( planets 9 g5]al4 ,=1 :ile ! moon is s small a body & has its orbit ar\nd ! e>?1 :i* is its c5tre ( attraction1 x is n to be consid]$ z a m]e satellite1 b is to be respectfully rank$ among ! planets4 ,!re h be5 _m fooli% my?s ab\t ! moon3 its ray has be5 consid]$ poison\s to sleep]s2 ! full moon has be5 reg>d$ z a s\rce ( disease & madness1 & has be5 suppos$ to affect ! gr[? ( plants1 ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( h]bs1 & ! =tunes ( human lives4 ,! moon owes all ^! sl&]s to its ne>ness to u4 ,9 size ! moon is ab\t "o-f\r? ! diamet] ( ! e>?1 & its volume is b "o-fiftie? t ( our planet4 ,! days & nights ( ! moon are n twelve h\rs long1 b ?ree hundr$ & sixty h\rs1 equal1 !re=e1 to fifte5 ( our tw5ty-f\r h\r days4 ,only a little m ?an "o side1 or face1 ( ! moon is ev] se5 by u4 ,!re h be5 _m romantic fancies ab\t :at may be on ! o!r side ( ! moon1 b probably ! side we d n see is v simil> to ! side :i* we d see4 ,:at is ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! moon8 ,! fir/ condition ( any planet is t ( burn+ vapor or gas1 :i* mu/ sl[ly cool & =m a nucleus ( solid or half-fluid matt]4 ,x is evid5t t ! small] ! planet ! m rapidly x w cool & become solid1 & ! great] ! planet ! long] x w rema9 9 a p>tly fluid /ate4 ,?us ,jupit] & ,saturn w require mu* long] "t to cool ?an ,m]cury or ,v5us4 ,! sun1 be+ by f> ! l>ge/ body 9 our sy/em1 w be gase\s or semi-fluid long aft] all ! planets :i* he ca/ into space h cool$ & h>d5$2 :ile ! moon1 be+ "o ( ! smalle/ planets1 h>d5$ long be=e ! great planets1 & be=e ! e>?4 ,?us ! sun is /ill 9 ! e>ly /ages ( its exi/5ce1 & ! moon has run ! c\rse ( its *anges & is a burnt-out & ag$ _w4 ,no d\bt ! /ages ( moon-build+ 7 v l ^? ( e>?-build+1 ) v>iations due to ! mu* small] size ( ! sph]e4 ,! nucleus w\ld p>tially solidify1 !re w\ld be a h>d5$ cru/ :i* at int]vals w\ld cru% 9 f ! )drawal ( int]ior molt5 matt]1 or w\ld be sudd5ly torn & flung up by ! pressure ( boil+ lava f )94 ,! cond5s+ atmosph]e no d\bt s5t d[n wat] ^u ! moon1 b by long degrees ! heat$ volcanic surface has p>t$ ) its seas1 & we f9d ! map ( ! moon n[ pres5t+ u n ) oceans1 b empty sea-b$s1 volcano crat]s1 & /range & arid depressions4 ,! moon has no atmosph]e2 no ra9 falls on h] b>r5 surface2 no cl\ds move above h]2 no tempe/s h[l 9 h] cav]ns2 no sn[s cr[n h] volcanic peaks2 no sunsets %9e 9 gorge\s colors2 !re are no violet & crimson skies at dawn4 ,! moon is ! k+dom ( et]nal calm1 & sleep1 & /illness4 ,if any bl[ di/urbs ! lun> surface1 x is f ! fall ( meteors ra9$ ^u x ?r\gh space4 ,x is to our atmosph]e we owe ! glories ( ! cl\ds1 ! b5efic5ce ( wat]s1 ! magic ( fro/ *anges1 ! ru% ( /orms1 ! balmy breezes1 ! sky4 ,z x has no seas & no air1 x foll[s t ! moon has no sky4 ,! lovely blue we see above u1 is m]ely caus$ by _m miles ( air1 b f ! moon "o w\ld m]ely look away into imm5sity2 & day1 & night1 sun1 moon1 />s1 comets1 & meteors c\ld n be se51 :ile in/ead ( ! lovely blue dome above u1 :]e />s innum]able %9e & tremble1 space1 z se5 f ! moon1 is a p]petual1 limitless1 black abyss4 ,we h f\nd ! moon de/itute ( bo? air & wat]2 x is evid5t t x is also de/itute ( all vegetation2 9 fact ( all life4 ,z !re is d>kness above1 s !re is sil5ce bel[4 ,! moon is a des]t l& :]e no foliage ru/les1 :]e no fl[]s bloom1 :]e no bird builds or s+s4 ,no feet climb ! l(ty m\nta9s1 or explore ! gap+ crat]s ( moon-l&4 ,no voice causes an e*o 9 ! va/ yawn+ caves t p5etrate moon-m\nta9s4 ,a curi\s fact ab\t ^! m\nta9s 9 ! moon is t !y are annul> or r+-%ap$4 ,!y are skeleton m\nta9s1 burnt-out crat]s1 mighty holl[ cones ?ru/ up1 s t if "o might climb to ! top ( a moon-m\nta91 he c\ld walk ar\nd ! rim1 z a fly walks ar\nd ! edge ( a cup2 or he c\ld g d[n1 d[n1 d[n1 on ! inside to ! level ( ! pla9 f :i* he began 8 asc5t4 ,! surface ( ! moon *anges1 n by ! motions ( life & gr[?1 b by a sl[ decay2 = *anges 9 ! moon's face are occasion$ by ! crumbl+ ( m\nta9s & ! fall+ d[n ( l&s4 ,?us we see ! moon to be a dumb1 dead1 des]t$ planet1 :eel+ on 9 its orbit ar\nd ! e>?1 & c>ri$ ) ! e>? 9 its great] orbit ar\nd ! sun4 ,silv]y sweet & fair1 ?is que5 ( ! night is a planet t long1 long ago pass$ its *ildhood & its prime1 & fell1 9 its old age1 a prey to fire4 ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,,vani%$ ,,fauna4 8,i said3 #8,:5 fir/ ! _w began ,"y ,nature ?r\gh five cycles ran1 ,& on ! six?1 %e m\ld$--man4'0 --,,t5nyson1 ,! ,two ,voices4 ,! old fairy tales in=m u ( g5ii1 & gnomes1 & br[nies t live und]gr\nd1 & 9 rocks & caves1 gu>d+ treasures ( gold & ( gems4 ,let u fancy t !re are truly g5ii & gnomes t h liv$ f ! "t :5 life began until n[4 ,9 e pass+ age ea* c\ntry has _h its peculi> =ms ( animal life3 ^! are call$ its fauna4 ,! plant-life ( an age or c\ntry is call$ its flora4 ,z ea* age ( e>?-build+ came1 x br\ght its especial fauna & flora4 ,z ! age pass$ away1 ?is plant & animal life w5t away ) x1 & return$ no m4 ,b f e age "s =m or type has l+]$ until n[4 ,! pretty little lamp %ells ( ! ,*9a seas come f ! f>-(f second p]iod ( _w-build+4 ,"s ( ^! =ms t h liv$ ?r\gh all ! ages h *ang$ mu* to suit ! conditions ( new times2 o!rs h sc>cely *ang$ at all4 ,& f all ^! p]iods1 hidd5 9 rocks & e>?-b$s1 are frail rema9s ( ?+s t liv$ & p]i%$ long ago4 ,let u fancy t gnomes & g5ii keep ^! wond]ful treasures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,lo/ ,,bea/s4 ,9 ! di/ribution ( ! plants & animals ( pa/ ages we read mu* ( ! e>?'s hi/ory4 ,= in/ance1 :5 we f9d buri$ "u ! lat] soil ( ,engl&1 ! bones ( elephants & hy5as1 & ! leaves & fruits ( palms or o!r tropical plants1 we decide1 on reasonable gr\nds1 t at "s p]iod ! climate ( ,engl& has be5 w>m] ?an x is to-day4 ,simil>ly1 :5 9 lay]s above ^! tropical specim5s we f9d ! relics ( an ,arctic vegetation1 & ! skeletons ( elk & be>s t belong only to pol> or subpol> regions1 we conclude t ! days ( tropical w>m? 9 ,engl& 7 succe$$ by days ( pol> cold4 ,aga91 :5 we f9d "u ! w>m pla9s ( ,s\? ,france ! rema9s ( animals & vegetables n[ belong+ to ,sib]ia1 we say1 8,9 =m] ages ,france _h a reign ( ,sib]ian wea!r1 = a p]iod suffici5tly long to p]mit ! gr[? ( ,sib]ian plants & animals40 ,:5 we trace 9 regul> succession ! rema9s ( su* organisms back to ! edge ( ! ,pol> circle1 we say1 8,?is nor!rn cold1 :i* once dom9at$ all ! hemisph]e1 sl[ly retreat$ to its pres5t limits1 & ) x w5t its appropriate flora & fauna40 ,9 all ^! in/ances ! animals af=d bett] indications ?an ! plants1 = plants h less capability ?an animals ( adju/+ !mselves to new & unt[>d circum/ances4 ,if expos$ to unusual cold or heat ! plants die out1 b _m ( ! animals take ?9n] or ?ick] coats1 to suit _! new environm5t4 ,v ne>ly all ! species ( plants & animals belong+ to ! five cycles ( e>?-build+ prec$+ our own h p]i%$4 ,no d\bt !re 7 _m ( ! e>ly liv+ organisms :i* disappe>$ & left no trace2 ! fir/ ages may h be5 f> m abundant 9 v>ieties ?an we imag9e !m to h be54 ,_m hundr$ ( diff]5t families h be5 f\nd1 & p]haps z _m m fl\ri%$ & utt]ly disappe>$4 ,we obs]ve1 conc]n+ all ^! old-_w families1 t :5 once !y p]i%$ !y are1 z we say1 8gone = good02 a type does n disappe> & reappe>4 ,z "o description ( animals became ext9ct1 ano!r 0 ready to take its place4 ,?is con/ant succession ( animal types repres5ts a con/ant approa* to ^? creatures be/ fitt$ to occupy ! e>? ) man4 ,we h n[ on ! e>? l>ge & de/ructive animals1 z ! rh9oc]os1 ! hippopotamus1 ! lion1 tig]1 alligator1 boa-con/rictor1 & o!rs1 b all ( ^! 8are tam$1 or h be5 tam$1 ( mank9d10 & con/antly rec$e be=e ! advanc+ dem&s ( ! human race = t]ritory4 ,b _m ( ! e>li] =ms ( life 7 s enorm\s & s de/ructive1 t man c\ld by no possibility h debat$ ) !m ! empire ( ! globe4 ,! battle w\ld h gone ! wrong way = man4 ,x is well t v>i\s *anges remov$ ^! creatures be=e man appe>$4 ,ano!r consid]ation is "h ( great int]e/2 ! =ms ( life :i* surviv$ _! respective cycles1 & came d[n ne>ly un*ang$ to our day1 7 n ! /ronge/ & l>ge/ creatures1 app>5tly be/ able to fight _! battle & live2 b _m ( ! feebl] & small] creatures1 :i*1 if we _h be5 spectators ( ^? anci5t times1 we %\ld h expect$ to see p]i% "u ! encroa*m5ts ( mon/]s & dragons ( _! day4 ,z1 = in/ance1 ! l>ge1 /rong1 num]\s1 armor-plat$ trilobites#bb ( ! second e>?-age p]i%$ ages ago1 :ile ! little lamp %ells live on until n[4 ,f> back 9 ! reptile "t1 little mammal quadrup$s1 sc>cely l>g] ?an rats1 ran 9 ! woods1 & ^! types h be5 cont9u$ ) v>i\s adaptations 9 ! m>supial or p\*$ animals1 l ! opossum ( our own day1 :ile ! va/ scale-dress$ giants h only left a few ( _! scatt]$ bones to tell _! /ory4 ,! dragon-fly survives1 v l 8 ance/ors ( ! ,triassic p]iod1 :ile ! mighty pt]odactyles1#bc a k9d ( reptile bat t pursu$ ! dragon-flies z "p ( its prey1 h gone nev] to return4 ,! fly+ reptile has left u only 8 enorm\s li?ograph ^u ! anci5t rocks1 :ile /ill ea* ye> ! jewel-l dragon-fly1 once ! big bea/'s def5celess prey1 bur/s 8 br[n case1 & comes =? in=m$ ) light & life4#bd ,z ! poet tells 8 /ory3-- 8,to-day ,i saw ! dragon-fly ,come f ! wells :]e he did lie1-- ,an inn] impulse r5t ! veil1 ,( 8 old husk2 f head to tail ,came out cle> plates ( sapphire mail4 ,he dri$ 8 w+s1 l gauze !y grew2 ,?ro' copse & pa/ures wet ) dew1 ,a liv+ fla% ( light he flew40 ,we %\ld n =get t ea* "o ( ! e>?-build+ ages _h "s p>ticul> =m ( animal life :i* seem$ 9 t age to be k+1 & conqu] ! o!r animals4 ,also 9 its own age ea* ( ^! =ms rea*$ its greate/ /r5g? & p]fection4 ,!n 9 aft] ages1 :5 "s new type 0 dom9ant1 ! =m] types t /ill surviv$ became small] & m feeble4 ,we h crabs & o!r cru/acea n[-a-days1 b none s enorm\s z 9 ! second _w-build+ age :5 !y fir/ appe>$4 ,! mollusks1#be :i* y call %ell-fi%1#bf 7 l>ge/ & mo/ num]\s 9 ! upp] ,silurian "t4 ,! sea-we$s t fl\ri%$ ) ^! crabs & mollusks 7 l>g] & m spl5did ?an any sea-we$s n[1 = ?is is ! age ( man1 & grass1 & corn1 n ( crabs & sea-we$s4 ,be=e man came into ! _w ! woods & wat]s sw>m$ ) great reptiles4 ,!re are none su* n[-a-days1--reptiles ) long legs1 reptiles ) wide w+s6 ,%all we see :at !y 7 l8 ,! great objection to !m is t !y h su* h>d names4 ,among di/+ui%$ examples ( ! 8vani%$ fauna0 0 ! llaps1 :i* f its relics we conclude to h be5 a f]oci\s l&-liz>d1 fi]ce & huge2 b z yet its =m & habits h n be5 fully decid$4 ,we "k m ( ! reptile bat1 a fell[-citiz5 ( ! llaps1 & well-fitt$ to hold 8 own 9 ! society ( t grim mon/]1 = to f]ocity & size x add$ ! accompli%m5t ( flight4 ,0 x !n a bird8 ,no2 x 0 m l a bat4 ,! l>ge/ pt]odactyles f\nd h be5 discov]$ 9 ,kansas1 & ! rema9s sugge/ animals p]haps eighte5 feet 9 ext5t ( w+4 ,x is s+ul> t ! small] =ms ( ^! creatures _h tee?1 & ! l>g] ones 7 too?less4 ,! legs & feet 7 v weak & _h small claws4 ,9 our bats ! tip ( ! w+s has a claw1 %>p & hook$2 ! pt]odactyles seem to h _h no claws on ! w+s4 ,"s ?9k t ! bodies ( ^! fly+ creatures 7 well cov]$ ) scales1 b !re is no cle> evid5ce ( ?is fact4 ,! upp]-arm bone 0 ( mod]ate l5g?2 ! =e>m1 ( ab\t ! same l5g?1 _h two bones1 & _h claws on ! fir/ ?ree f+]s1 & !n ! f\r? f+] /ret*$ out to sev]al feet 9 l5g? & su/a9$ ! membrane t =m$ ! w+4 ,! flight mu/ h be5 j]ky & unev5 l t ( bats4 ,! fam\s roc1 se5 by ,s9bad ! sailor1 fades into insignificance be=e ?is creature out ( ,nature's wond]-book2 & ! great vulture ( ! ,alps1#bg :i* c>ri$ (f lambs & ev5 babies1 & is n[ happily ext9ct1 mu/ h be51 comp>$ ) ! anci5t reptile bat1 a small & g5tle fly+ ?+4 ,ano!r wond]ful family ( animals t n[-a-days exi/s only among ! rock treasures ( ! g5ii 7 ! mosasaurs1 ^: nature & habits 7 long subjects ( dispute4 ,specim5s ( ^! creatures h be5 f\nd ov] eighty feet long1 ) a skull m ?an a y>d long1 & ! jaws set ) /rong1 cone-%ap$ tee?4 ,! trunk ( ?is reptile 0 ribb$ l t ( a snake1 & x possess$ two pairs ( webb$ feet1 or paddles1 to guide its c\rse 9 ! wat]4 ,on l& x mu/ h mov$ ) ! wave-l motions ( a s]p5t4 ,x 0 cov]$ ) small scales1 & 0 driv5 ?r\gh ! wat] by /rokes ( its mighty tail4 ,no animals p]haps are ( m int]e/ among ! vani%$ =ms ?an ! ance/ors ( ! horse4 ,we fir/ trace x sev]al ages be=e man appe>$1 z a small creature n l>g] ?an a fox1 ) f\r toes on ea* foot1 & ! rudim5ts ( a fif? toe2 x _h also two bones 9 ! l[] "p ( ! leg4 ,aft] ?is little creature came a horse-l animal z l>ge z a %eep1 ) only ?ree toes1 ! middle "o be+ mu* long] & broad] ?an ! o!rs1 :ile ! two bones ( ! l[] leg began to unite4 ,! next age %[s u a horse z l>ge z a ,%etl& pony2 ! two bones ( ! l[] leg are m]g$ into "o2 ! big middle toe occupies ne>ly all ( ! foot4 ,& f9ally1 %ortly be=e human be+s came into ! _w1 we f9d a true horse4 ,! big middle toe _h come to occupy almo/ ! :ole foot4 ,its nail _h enl>g$ & /r5g!n$ to a ho(4 ,?us we see t ! horse really /&s on ! tip ( a s+le toe ( ea* foot4 ,mean:ile1 z ! l[] leg & ! foot ?us modifi$1 ! horse ga9$ 8 pres5t size1 symmetry1 beauty1 & /r5g?4 ,,footnotes3 #bb ,= description ( trilobite1 see p4 #aai4 #bc ,pron\nc$ ,t]-o-dak'-tils4 #bd ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lesson #dc4 #be ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #a1 ,lesson #cd4 #bf ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #a1 ,lesson #cd4 #bg ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 page #bch4 ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,a ,,m\nta9 ,,( ,,fossils4 8,! bleake/ rock1 ^u ! lonelie/ hea?1 ,feels 9 its b>r5ness "s t\* ( spr+1 ,& 9 ! ,april dew1 or beam ( ,may1 ,z moss & li*5 fre%5 & revive40 --,,beaumont4 ,ea* successive age ( ! _w br\ght =? its *ildr51 n\ri%$ !m to _! prime1 accompani$ !m 9 ! /ages ( _! decay1 & laid !m 9 ! tomb4 ,ea* new age rock$ its cradles above ! cemet]ies ( ! age t _h prec$$ x4 ,"s sea-b$ sw>m+ ) corals & mollusks 0 sl[ly lift$2 9 ! %all[ wat]s1 s&1 *alk1 or clay 7 deposit$1 & gradually =m$ ?ick b$s above ! 8sw>m]s10 :i* _h suffocat$ 9 ! mud1 or1 hav+ liv$ out _! span1 _h fail$ to reproduce _! l4 ,s 9 successive /rata ! pres5t surface ( ! _w 0 built1 & sometimes 9 ?roes ( uplift+1 "s long-buri$ /ratum 0 d\bl$ ^u itself1 & hav+ be5 ?ru/ up ?r\gh deposits ly+ above x1 once m rea*$ sunlight4 ,b x spread out into ! sunlight n liv+ creatures1 b _! sepul*res4 ,let u n[ make a j\rney to "o ( ! _w's wond]ful gravey>ds4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 wond]ful = its great age4 ,is x !n t acre on ,coles' ,hill1 s[n ) ! graves ( ^? :o came 9 ! ,mayfl[]1 ) sweet ,rose ,/&i% 9 _! mid/8 ,no2 t 9 comp>ison is b ( ye/]day4 ,is x ! gravey>d at ,battle ,abbey1 :]e1 aft] ! defeat ( ,h>old ! ,saxon1 ,norman & ,saxon lay d[n toge!r 9 ! peace ( dea?8 ,no2 t 9 comp>ison is mo/ mod]n4 ,is x ! rock tombs ( ! ,ph>aohs be=e ,moses8 ,no2 ^? tombs comp>$ ) ?is gravey>d are newe/ possible fa%ions4 ,! dead ,ph>aohs lie 9 _! tombs 9 ,egypt1 ) _! s]vants & ev5 ! bea/s & birds ( _! day1 all turn$ into mummies4 ,^! mummies are s h>d t _m ?\s&s ( !m h be5 *opp$ up = fuel by ! ,egyptians4 ,?is is a que] use = dead k+s6 ,! creatures laid 9 ! burial-gr\nd :]e we %all n[ g1 are turn$ n into wood1 b /one4 ,i ?9k ,i see ! little g5ii & gnomes gu>d+ !m well ?r\gh all ! c\ntless ages s9ce !y di$4 ,come !n to ?is v anci5t burial-gr\nd4 ,we trot briskly ov] a long1 level /ret* ( prairie l&1 & n[ our /\t horses fall f trott+ to walk+ sl[ly up ! /eep hill4 ,! :eels gr9d on ! b>e rocks2 on ! road-sides among ! gray /ones gleam pat*es ( c9quefoil1 blue-grass1 & /rawb]ry4 ,n[ ! long faces ( ! horses no long] front ! asc5t1 b ! %>p cre/ is rea*$1 & !y look d[n ^u ! n>r[ valley into :i* ! road sudd5ly falls4 ,across ! valley lifts ano!r range ( hills1 & ^! are color$ l a map ( v>i\s c\ntries1 by ! masses ( :ite dog-wood1 rosy r$-bud1 purple bir* 9 its s(t spr+time haze1 gre5 ( "y maple leaves1 & ! gold1 rose1 & bronze ( ! unfold+ oak leaves4 ,j "h1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is fl[]y beauty1 ! rov+ eye detects on ! road-side a grave/one ) a well-cut inscription4 ,lo6 "h we are 9 "o ( ! _w's mo/ anci5t burial-gr\nds4 ,"h are ! monum5ts2 "h ! mummy-cases2 "h are ! unburi$ bones4 ,we c scoop !m up by h&fuls4 ,h[ old is ?is gravey>d8 ,:o c tell8 ,h[ long are ! ages ( geology8 ,no d\bt ^! dead 7 laid d[n "h hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,mo/ anci5t !n is x n1 & well wor?y ( our visit8 ,b q z wond]ful z ! antiquity ( ?is gravey>d is ! place :]e we f9d x4 ,"h we /&3 n9e hundr$ miles to ! ea/ ( u1 z ! cr[ flies1 ! ,atlantic surges beat ^u ! coa/1 & we> away & rebuild ! b\nd>ies ( our l&4 ,two ?\s& miles to ! we/1 lies ! ,pacific2 n9e hundr$ miles s\?1 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico w>ms ! ,gulf ,/ream 9 its sunny bosom4 ,?ree ?\s& miles to ! nor?1 ! ,arctic ,ocean1 :i* no keel has ev] cross$1 groans & gr[ls "u ! ice-floes4 ,v f> f ! seas are we n8 ,:at /ation c\ld be m truly inl&8 ,& yet ?is gravey>d is built up ( corals & sea-%ells & /range sea-creatures lie buri$ "h4 ,ov] ?is height :]e we /& ! waves h ?und]$4 ,"h 0 8a yell[ bea* ( s&02 "h ! busy coral polyp built its palaces up1 up1 up1 f sea-bottom to sun%9e4 ,^! are n pebbles crun*+ "h b5ea? our feet1 b sea-%ells1 mollusks ( ! prime4 ,?is is ! burial-gr\nd ( fi%es & ( zophytes4 ,is n ?is burial-gr\nd wond]ful = its locality8 ,& aga9 x is wond]ful = ! di/ance :i* we mu/ travel to f9d x4 ,:at is t8 ,did we n come "h 9 a c>riage1 driv+ ov] a few easy miles1 9 a ,may morn+8 ,let u see ab\t t4 ,let me take y by ! h& & lead y ! real di/ance y mu/ travel to rea* ?is anci5t burial-gr\nd4 ,brace up y\r n]ves1 = we h to j\rney ) ! spe$ ( ?\ght1 :i* is swift] ev5 ?an light4 ,our />t+-po9t is ?is mod]n age ( ! _w1 ! age :i* has br\ght =? grasses1 palms1 fruits1 ! high] mammals--man4 ,swiftly we trav]se ?is age1 & leave its l&m>ks f> beh9d u1 z we pass !m ) our faces set t[>d ! old1 old _w4 ,?is mod]n age is "o ( ! five divisions ( ! ,neozoic1 or new p]iod4 ,?r\gh all ! five we g1 & at ! gate ( ! "o call$ ! ,eoc5e we pass out f "u ! palm %ad[s1 f ! mammals rang+ 9 ! =e/s & fe$+ on ! gre5 savannahs1 & n[ we are back 9 ! middle "t1 ! age ( ! reptiles4 ,! =e/s are d>k ) cycads & p9es4 ,crocodiles1 alligators1 salam&]s ( v old-fa%ion$ patt]ns1 sw>m ! brakes & ! bay\s4 ,ru%+ above our heads g sk9-w+$ fly+ ?+s1 ) ! tails & h&s ( liz>ds1 & !y cr[d & cry ab\t u = ?ree ages m4 ,we mu/ ne$s be brave z knights z we g back deep] /ill into my/]y & antiquity1 & by ! door ( ! e>lie/ reptilian age we f9d our way into ! longe/ ( ! epo*s1 ! "t ) six ages1 ! age :i* saw ! coal-b$s laid d[n & s _m fossils lock$ up 9 rock--! ,paleozoic#bh "t4 ,we n[ f9d ab\t u tree-f]ns1 club-mosses1 re$s1 calamites1 li*5s4 ,!re are fi%es sw>m+ 9 ! w>m seas2 a few insects & spid]s crawl among ! f]ns2 "h & !re are toads1 newts1 & scorpions ( curi\s patt]ns4 ,"o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five ages back we w&]1 & n[ ! mosses & p9es1 ! fi%es & reptiles h disappe>$1 & we are 9 ! age ( sea-we$s & corals1 crabs & mollusks1 su* z h few types 9 ! mod]n _w4 ,& "h1 9 ! l[]-,silurian1 we h arriv$ at our anci5t burial-gr\nd4 ,h we n come a long way to f9d x8 ,is !re no %ort] way to rea* x8 ,we h come "h by ! e-day /yle ( a c>riage ov] a few miles ( pla9 & hill4 ,we h come "h also by a da% 9 imag9ation ?r\gh ?ree great times & ?irte5 busy ages ( _w-build+4 ,we c take yet a ?ird way4 ,g yond] to ! valley & s9k a %aft = sev5 hundr$ feet1 & y w pass ?r\gh ^! ages & times & rea* ! era ( ?is burial-gr\nd4 ,!re x is hidd5 sev5 hundr$ feet deep2 "h x crops out into ! sun%9e2 "h h be5 tumult & convulsion1 & :at 9 "s places might be ?\s&s ( feet bel[ ! surface1 is "h ?ru/ up among mod]n me?ods1 among apple trees1 & bleat+ %eep1 & :ite cottages1 & little *ildr5 at _! play4 ,!re is /ill ano!r me?od ( rea*+ ?is same burial-gr\nd4 ,g into ! valley & w&] five miles t[>d ! m\? ( ! little creek t divides x4 ,z y t\* its grassy bank y /& 9 ! mod]n age ( ! pres5t e>?-build+ "t4 ,z y travel d[n ! creek1 ! successive b$s or /ages ( e>?-build+ are laid b>e1 "o aft] ano!r1 until at ! end ( five miles y /& on ! l[]-,silurian /ratum ( ?is burial-gr\nd4 ,take a pamphlet1 fold ! fir/ leaf ov] "o half1 ! next a little less1 & s on = ?irte5 pages1 & y h a patt]n ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! spr+ & autumn torr5ts flu%+ ! brook h laid b>e ! rock /rata1 & %[n !m z !y lie "h closely cr[d$ ^u ea* o!r4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 an unusual case1 = ea* ( ^! ages has 9 _m places left deposits ?\s&s ( feet 9 ?ickness4 ,"h ! uncov]+ has be5 rapid1 deposit light1 & we c turn ov] ! geologic pages 9 a volume a few hundr$s ( feet ?ick4 ,& hav+ rea*$ ?is anci5t burial-gr\nd by all ^! v>i\s l9es ( travel1 :at d we f9d "h8 ,/oop & ga!r a h&ful ( ^! little gray /ones--small pebbles did y call !m8 ,! fro/ & ra9 ( ! pa/ w9t] h wa%$ away ! s& & light soil :i* _h hidd5 !m4 ,:y6 ^! are %ells1 n pebbles4 ,/one %ells1 fossil %ells6 ,see h[ p]fect e delicate flut+ is1 h[ %>ply ! h+e ( ! long-p]i%$ bivalve is def9$4 ,"s are ( a delicate pale gray1 o!rs almo/ :ite2 b long ago 9 ! ,silurian seas p]haps !y %one 9 br[n & yell[1 r$1 p9k1 buff1 & m>oon1 z gaily z ! scallop %ells ( to-day1 :i* 9 %ape !y mu* resemble4 ,:at is ?is lump ( /one cov]$ ) little />-%ap$ knobs8 ,trace ! l9es along ! side :]e x 0 brok5 f "s l>g] fragm5t1 & !y seem to bran*2 is x l ! ve9s on a leaf8 ,no2 r l ! bran*es ( coral1 & 9 fact t is j :at we h f\nd1--a lump ( fossiliz$ coral ( ! ,silurian age4 ,! l[]-,silurian 0 ! age :5 coral 0 k+4 ,:5 aft] ! two e>li] epo*s ) _! meagre fauna ! ,silurian age op5$1 sudd5ly ! seas sw>m$ ) life4 ,!y 7 w>m tropic seas1 w>m] ?an any on ! globe to-day1 & 9 !m ^! indu/ri\s coral-polyps built _! t[]s4 ,!y built up f ! sea-bottom to sun%9e1 & f ea* ( ^! />-l t[]s a liv+ creature unfurl$ itself l a fl[]1 j b5ea? ! surface ( ! sea4 ,9 orange1 sc>let1 purple1 :ite1 & p9k1 !y exp&$ _! coronals ( filam5ts1 & wav$ to & fro ) ! w>m tides4 ,no fl[]-g>d5 ev] bloom$ m gorge\sly ?an did ^! g>d5s ( ! sea 9 ! ,silurian age4 ,plume-l1 f9e z ! /am5s ( a fl[]1 ^! myriads ( liv+ ?+s lean$ f ! t[]s & palaces !mselves _h built1 & drank & fi%$ 9 ^! cle> seas "u ! gl[ ( ! sun4 ,mean:ile among & ar\nd ab\t ^! coral t[]s1 cuttle-fi% & nautili d>t$1 :ile mail$ cru/aceans *as$ ea* o!r1 f\ght & frolick$ & dev\r$ ea* o!r4 ,see1 we h ano!r fossil 9 ! rock1 ! beautiful /one lilies2 !y mu/ h a *apt] to !mselves2 & "h aga9 are lamp %ells & o!r & diff]5t mollusks ( ! ,silurian "t4 ,"h !y 7 cr[d$1 swimm+ & play+ 9 ^! liv+ coral b[]s4 ,h[ !y 7 da%$ by ?\s&s ^u ?is bea* ( s&6 ,& by & by :5 life 0 9 its prime1 :at /range mi%aps ov]took !m all8 ,did ! seas gr[ too hot or too cold8 ,did ! b$ ( ocean rise8 ,did great s&-waves roll 9 among ! coral b[]s8 ,!y _h _h _! day1 ano!r age 0 draw+ on2 !re w\ld be mollusks & crabs & cru/aceans /ill1 b ^! mu/ p]i% & be lock$ up 9 ?is burial-gr\nd4 ,o gnomes & g5ii1 keep y\r treasures well6 ,,footnotes3 #bh ,pay-lee-o-zo-ic4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,,writt5 ,,9 ,,rocks4 8,!re rolls ! deep :]e grew ! tree1 ,o e>?1 :at *anges ?\ ha/ se56 ,!re :]e ! long /reet ro>s1 ha? be5 ,! et]nal /illness ( ! sea4 8,! hills are %ad[s1 & !y fl[ ,f =m to =m1 & no?+ /&s2 ,!y melt l mi/1 ^! solid l&s1 ,l cl\ds !y %ape !mselves & g40 --,,t5nyson1 ,9 ,memoriam4 ,we h be5 /udy+ = "s "t ab\t e>?-build+4 ,we h le>n$ a little ( h[ ! rocks & ! soil ( our globe 7 =m$4 ,:at is t /udy ( e>?-build+ call$8 ,x is call$ ,ge-ology1 :i* means e>?-lore or hi/ory1 = ! old ,greeks call$ ! e>? ,ge1 & ge-ology j means ! /ory ( e>?-mak+4 ,b 9 ^! lessons we h be5 talk+ n ( ! rocks & e>?-b$s1 b ( ! gnome-treasures hidd5 !re91 ! bones1 patt]ns1 /one images1 burial cases ( ?+s t liv$ long ago4 ,?is is a new /udy1 & is a v important bran* ( geology2 = unless we le>n ab\t ^! old organisms & und]/& :at !y tell u1 we _c well le>n our geology4 ,^! fossils %ut up 9 ! rocks are ! writ+s or pictures :i* keep ! /ory ( ! long ago4 ,?is /udy has be5 giv5 ! long "n ( ,palontology--x m]ely means ! /udy or lore ( fossils4 ,b pray :at are fossils8 ,we h he>d mu* ab\t !m4 ,:at are !y8 ,! ^w fossil really means a ?+ 8dug up40 ,once x 0 appli$ to any k9d ( m9]al sub/ance4 ,n[ we mean by fossil organiz$ sub/ances or _! impr9ts1 :i* h be5 pres]v$ 9 any natural fa%ion1 t is1 n by ! art ( man1 b by nature4 ,! /udy ( fossils embraces ! /udy ( all =ms1 f ! mo/ anci5t "h 9 ! rocks ( ! ,dawn1 or fir/ p]iod1 to ^? :i* may h only be5 buri$ = a few score ( ye>s4 ,?us y may see 9 a cab9et a bit ( lime/one full ( anci5t =am9if]1 & ne> x a fossil clam f "s b$ 9 s\!rn ,new ,j]sey1 :i* 0 produc+ liv+ clams "o or two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,! /udy ( fossils does n ass]t any limit z to ! grade ( an organism4 ,a fossil may be "s l>ge & curi\s fi%1 a r>e bird1 a beautiful /one lily1 or m]ely a lump ( res9 :i* long ago dropp$ f "s tree ( ! coal p]iod4 ,s also1 we h fossil leaves1 fruits1 roots1 fossil ra9-m>ks1 fossil footpr9ts1 fossil worm-ca/s & burr[s1 & little fossil cases ( caddis-worms4 ,"s v valuable fossils are call$ coprolites2 ^! are ! dropp+s ( dige/$ or p>tly-dige/$ food ( animals1 & !y are valuable because !y (t5 conta9 traces or portions ( plants or animals1 ^u :i* ^! o!r creatures f$1 & :i* n[ w\ld be entirely unkn[n unless pres]v$ 9 ?is way4 ,! vulture has a habit ( swall[+ mice1 little birds1 & simil> prey1 ) small c]emony ( break+ or te>+2 !y g into ! vulture's maw fea!rs1 fur1 bones1 & all4 ,:5 fully gorg$1 ! vulture sits 9 a m$itative mann] on a tree1 & f9ally1 9 ! process ( dige/ion1 ! food p>ts ( :at x has eat5 sep>ates f ! bone & fea!r refuse1 & ?is latt] is roll$ into a ball & disgorg$ by ! vulture4 ,i h f\nd su* balls1 probably a ye> or two old1 blea*$ :ite & dry1 & unroll+ !m h laid b>e t9y skeletons1 p]fect1 & :ite z ivory1 ( ! feet & heads ( mice4 ,n[ if mice _h disappe>$1 x is evid5t t _! skeletons1 f\nd 9 portions 9 su* rema9s w\ld be valuable1 af=d+ u a k ( an o!rwise unkn[n creature4 ,s ! coprolites tell u _! tale ( ! small] fauna ( ! anci5t l&s & oceans4 ,! t]m fossil is n limit$ to any especial me?od or /ate ( pres]vation4 ,9 reg>d to pres]vation !re are ?ree pr9cipal v>ieties ( fossils4 ,fir/3 ,all or ne>ly all ! animal matt] may h disappe>$1 & m9]al matt] may h tak5 its place2 s t ! organism is m9]aliz$ or petrifi$4 ,?is is ! condition ( ! majority ( fossils4 ,second3 ,x may h happ5$ t ! entire organism has decay$1 & z ! animal matt] :5 x p]i%$ 0 n rebuilt ) m9]al deposit1 only a ca/ or natural li?ograph ( ! =m] liv+ ?+ rema9s 9 ! rock4 ,?ird3 ,! animal or plant may h be5 pres]v$ un*ang$ = hundr$s or ?\s&s ( ye>s1 s t ! v creature1 ) its bones1 fle%1 hair1 ev5 ! s(t portions ( ! body1 z ! bra9 & eye-ball1 may rema9 complete4 ,?is has happ5$ 9 a few in/ances1 z :]e ice or froz5 mud has be5 ! pres]v+ ag5t1 s t 9 ,sib]ia c]ta9 animals1 z ! mammo?1 h be5 dis5tomb$ aft] a burial ( ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,( c\rse z soon z ^! froz5 fossils h be5 expos$ to air & moi/ure1 !y beg9 to fall to pieces1 & spe$ily only ! h>d p>ts1 z ! bones1 are left4 ,9 mo/ animal fossils only ! bony or %elly portions1 :i* consi/ l>gely ( lime1 h be5 petrifi$4 ,?us we f9d _m fossil skeletons4 ,sometimes !re has be5 a *ange on ?is wise3 ! action ( wat] has c>ri$ (f1 gra9 by gra91 ! lime z well z ! animal matt] ( ! organism1 & :ile x ?us took ! object to pieces1 x rebuilt x 9 a simil> way1 add+ gra9 by gra9 ( fl9ty matt]1 or ev5 ( metal1 s t 9 c\ntries :]e silv] ab\nds1 fossil plants h be5 f\nd cas$ 9 silv]4 ,i h se5 "s fossil bones ( rec5t orig91 z !y 7 tak5 f an anci5t burial-m\nd1 & ! m>r[ ( ! bones _h be5 c>ri$ (f by ! action ( wat] & replac$ by delicate1 %9+ cry/als1 s t ! holl[ or m>r[ portions ( ! bones %one z if fill$ ) brok5 glass4 ,! *ief ag5ts 9 ! decay ( animal & plant organisms are air1 ra9-wat]1 & atmosph]ic moi/ure1 z dew1 mi/1 & fro/4 ,we c see ! de/ructive effects ( air 9 ! case ( cann$ meats or fruits4 ,if ! seal+ ( ! c is imp]fect1 ! air p5etrates1 & c>ries "s g]m :i* corrupts ! cont5ts4 ,all ! vegetable rema9s t cov] ! gr\nd ea* autumn1 d n accumulate ye> aft] ye>1 b spe$ily decay & become soil4 ,! animals & insects1 l>ge & small1 t die 9 ! fields & woods ea* ye>1 d n long rema9 :]e !y fell2 c>nivor\s birds & small animals1 especially ants & beetles1 dev\r ! s(t portions1 & a few ye>s ( exposure to air & moi/ure r$uce ! bony skeletons to p[d]4 ,z ! ?+ t is1 is g5]ally ! ?+ t ha? be51 & %all be1 we may conclude t ne>ly all ! animals & plants ( ea* age p]i%$ ) _! age1 & t :at rema9 z fossils are b a small fragm5t ( ! :ole1 & h be5 pres]v$ 9 unusually favorable circum/ances4 ,ice1 z we h se51 has s]v$ z a wond]ful pres]vative1 b ! in/ances :]e animals or plants h be5 subject$ to ! ice-process are naturally few4 ,next to ice1 peat mosses h exhibit$ rem>kable pres]v+ qualities1 & h kept entire rema9s1 z de]1 bison1 ox51 buri$ 9 !m4 ,heavy bea/s becom+ mir$ 9 ! peat1 h sunk into x to a great dep?1 & 7 h]metically seal$ f ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & f spores call$ bact]ia#bi :i* are ! *ief ag5ts ( decay4 ,_m fossil organisms are pres]v$ 9 ! silt or dbris at ! m\?s ( riv]s1 :]e ! deposit ( e>?y matt] c>ri$ d[n ! /ream is rapid1 & spe$ily buries up :atev] is dropp$ ^u x4 ,on ! floors ( lakes also1 !re are (t5 deep deposits ( m>l1 peat1 & s&1 & ^! sometimes bury & pres]ve ! bodies ( birds or o!r animals1 & ! se$s1 bran*es1 or entire plants1 t h be5 swept into ! wat]4 ,cav]ns1 especially ^? 9 lime/one or *alk rock1 h prov$ fam\s treasure-h\ses ( fossils4 ,:]e1 9 ^! cav]ns1 !re is a dripp+ ( wat] *>g$ ) lime or *alk1 x spe$ily encloses objects 9 a safe case :i* effectually pres]ves !m4 ,sometimes also ^! bone caves1 anci5t homes ( wild bea/s1 h be5 clos$ up by silt or e>?-falls1 & h reta9$ _m specim5s ( l>ge1 anci5t fauna n[ ext9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,done ,,9 ,,/one4 ,b no place has prov$ s favorable = fossil rema9s z ! b$ ( ! sea4 ,! rapid deposit ( s$im5t on ! ocean floor & ! remot5ess f *anges ( heat & cold1 h made ! old ocean b$s1 su* z we visit$ 9 our m\nta9 ( fossils1 a wond]ful /oreh\se ( ! life-=ms ( di/ant ages4 ,! mollusks1 corals1 & cr9oids furni% u ! mo/ v>i$ & beautiful fossil rema9s1 & 9 "s cases ! pres]vation is s p]fect1 t traces are reta9$ ( ev5 ! =m] color+s ( ! %ells ( mollusks & ! scales ( fi%es t liv$ 9 ! remote/ times4 ,! gr& m>* ( life has be5 an asc5d+ s]ies1 & = our k ( ?is l9e ( asc5t we are indebt$ to fossils1 :i* tell 9 successive /rata ( ! e>? ! hi/ory1 n only ( ! *anges 9 ! e>?'s cru/1 b ( ! animal & vegetable life ( diff]5t p]iods4 ,no d\bt only a v1 v few ( ! fossils t are hidd5 9 ! treasure-h\ses ( e>? & sea1 h ev] be5 f\nd4 ,!re are millions ( /range & beautiful ?+s t h nev] met mortal eye4 ,let u sleep & dream4 ,let u dream t we h built a great & spl5did museum1 & l9$ x ) %elves & cases4 ,let u dream t we h f\nd a r+ t once belong$ to ,k+ ,solomon1 :i* gives u p[] ov] all gnomes & g5ii4 ,let u dream t we op5 wide all ! doors & w9d[s ( our museum & /& 9 ! mid/ & clap our h&s1 & comm& ! g5ii & gnomes to br+ u ! treasures hidd5 9 rock1 s&1 & sea1 9 lake & riv] & peat moss & e>? b$s4 ,!y come6 ,!y come6 ,!y fly ?r\gh ! air1 gnomes1 pixies1 afrites1 fairies1 g5ii1 & !y fill e %elf & case ( our museum ) fossil =ms & pictur$ rocks & s&s1 & give u examples ( e animal & vegetable t liv$ s long ago4 ,h[ ri* & happy n[ are we6 ,we wake3 our dream has fl$3 ! airy walls & %elves & cases ( our museum are gone3 ! gnomes & _! bre?r51 ! treasures untold1 are vani%$ ) our sleep4 ,:at h we left8 ,no?+8 ,yes1 ! be/ t we c h2 indu/ry & obs]vation--^! are bett] ?an ! magic r+ & seal ( ,solomon4 ,,footnotes3 #bi ,bac-tee-re-a4 ,^! are really unicellul> plants4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,,footpr9ts ,,9 ,,! ,,s&4 8,s :]e "s trivial creature play$ ( old ,! w>m s(t clay receiv$ ! t9y d9t2 ,we cleave ! rock's deep bosom1 & behold ,deep 9 its core1 ! immemorial pr9t4 ,m5 m>vel su* frail record %\ld outl9e ,! vani%$ =e/s & ! trees o'erhurl$40 ,a tea*] & 8 class sat "o day ^u "s tree-trunks :i* _h fall5 across a b$ ( b>e1 slightly-slop+ rocks4 ,! tea*]1 ) 8 head betwe5 8 h&s1 look$ /eadfa/ly d[n4 8,:at are y ?9k+ (80 dem&$ a pupil4 8,i am read+10 said ! tea*]4 8,& :at d y read8 ,is ! rock y\r book80 8,i read t ?is /ratum ( rock 0 once a bea* ( s&4 ,x 0 j su* s& z a *ild likes to play 92 j su* s& z x is fabl$ t ! ,sibyl took 9 h] h&s :5 %e ask$ long life ( ,apollo40 8,& h[ did x become rock80 8,y mu/ "k t all new rocks are made ( ! we> & te> ( old] rocks1 recon/itut$ & relaid4 ,?is s&/one 0 once s&1 & ! s& 0 *iefly t9y qu>tz cry/als1 ! residue left aft] ! s(t] m9]al portions ( c]ta9 gr\nd-up old] rocks _h be5 c>ri$ away4 ,^! qu>tz cry/als c\ld n be melt$1 nor held 9 solution by wat]2 be+ heavy !y c\ld n be held 9 susp5sion by wat]4 ,s ! wat] :i* 0 c>ry+ ab\t ! rubbi% ( ! old] rocks1 dropp$ ! s&1 & x =m$ long bea*es1 su* z we see to-day4 ,obs]ve t s& seems to be m pl5tiful ?an any o!r sub/ance 9 ! e>?'s cru/4 ,mo/ soil is l>gely compos$ ( x4 ,if x 7 n = ! s& 9 ! soil to keep its p>ticles loose & all[ ! p]colation ( wat]1 & ! gr[? ( roots1 ! soil w\ld soon become pack$ s heavily t almo/ no?+ c\ld gr[4 ,! sea-%ore1 ! riv]-b$s1 ! great ,sah>a1 are s&1 s&1 s&4 ,z s& is ! mo/ pl5tiful loose mat]ial 9 ! e>? n[1 s no d\bt x has always be51 & we f9d t s&/one1 namely1 rock made ( s&1 is ! mo/ abundant 9 ! /ructure ( ! globe4 ,! gra9s ( qu>tz !mselves are naturally gray or :ite1 b !y are cov]$ ) a film or cru/ :i* takes diff]5t hues f color+ matt] mix$ ) x4 ,9 iron regions ! s&/one is r$1 & 9 an?racite coal regions ! s&/one is d>k gray or ne>ly black4 ,o!r s&/ones are br[n1 yell[1 or purple1 accord+ z !y are mix$ ) o!r color+ matt]4 8,b y ask$ me h[ ! loose s& became rock4 ,und]/& t ! mo/ important factor 9 ! process 0 an indef9itely long "t1 :ile ! ag5ts requir$ 7 v simple--great pressure & ! pres5ce ( wat]4 ,! wat] c>ry+ ) x silica1 or "s k9dr$ mat]ial1 =m$ a cem5t ab\t ea* gra91 & ?us aid$ by pressure & a c]ta9 am\nt ( heat--= 9 ?is _w no?+ is done )\t heat--! individual gra9s 7 f9ally consolidat$ into massive rock40 8,:at else h y read80 ask$ o!r pupils1 z !y too began e>ne/ly to contemplate ! l$ge ( s&/one4 8,t 0 only ! preface1 or fir/ *apt]4 ,i rememb] t ! gra9s ( s&1 compos$ l>gely ( silica or t9y qu>tz cry/als1 7 heap$ up "h by wat]1 :i* wa%$ f ! cry/als & !n c>ri$ away1 little p>ticles ( light] matt]1 z mud4 ,:5 ,i look at ^! long1 g5tly slop+ l$ges ( s&/one1 ,i read t !y 7 once a bea*4 ,! rav9e & ! hills1 ! cornfields & ! =e/s are n[ "h1 b once--! sea4 ,w>m salt wat]s ebb$ & fl[$ "h1 & %ells 7 roll$ up on ?is bea* & 7 c>ri$ out aga9 by ! tides40 8,c y read any ?+ fur!r80 8,yes3 ,"o day1 long ago1--0 x at ! close ( ! ,c>bonif]\s or ! beg9n+ ( ! ,p]mian age8--!re 0 a ra9-/orm "h4 ,x came up ) a /rong w9d1 f ! s\?2 ! drops fell heavily1 & 7 v l>ge4 ,i ?9k x mu/ h be5 :at we call a #8black squall4' ,x soon pass$1 & ! sun %one out hot40 8,oh1 oh6 n[ y are guess+ at :at might h be560 8,n at all4 ,i am read+ :at really 04 ,are n ^! rocks my books8 ,look n[ at ?is l$ge4 ,"h is a ?9 lay] ( mud-rock1 z well z ( s&/one4 ,"h 0 "s m>l-mud laid d[n4 ,i ?9k t "h mu/ h be5 an inlet4 ,obs]ve "h on ?is expos$ surface1 ^! pits or d5ts4 ,y c put y\r f+] tip 9 !m4 ,see h[ !y slant f ! s\?1 & h[ deeply !y are driv5 into ! s&4 ,suppose n[ t we /ood by a l[ level bea* ( s& & m>l-mud1 & a %>p %[]1 driv5 by a /rong w9d1 came up f ! s\?1 & ! big ra9-drops pelt$ viol5tly on ! s& & mud4 ,w\ld !y n leave m>ks id5tical ) ^!8 ,s we "k t "h 7 big ra9-drops f a s\!rly gu/4 ,we "k t x 0 soon ov]2 = if ra9 _h fall5 long1 all ! surface ( ! s& w\ld h be5 wa%$ & saturat$1 & pr9ts ( individual drops w\ld h be5 oblit]at$4 ,we "k t ! %[] 0 foll[$ by a hot sun1 & z ! sun 0 v hot1 we inf] t ! "t 0 some:]e 9 ! middle ( ! day1 betwe5 t5 & f\r1 ! "t :5 ! sun rays are mo/ p[]ful4 ,we "k t ! sun 0 hot1 because ^! ra9-m>ks dri$ quickly1 be=e !y _h "t to lose ! %>pness ( _! impr9t4 ,x is also evid5t t su* delicate m>k+s mu/ h be5 quickly cov]$ up1 else ! next heavy mi/ or drizzle ( ra91 or creep+ tide1 w\ld h smoo!d !m out4 ,!re=e1 ,i make a guess t :5 ! m>ks _h dri$ h>d1 be+ sun-bak$ z "s bricks are1 a /rong breeze came up1 sweep+ s& be=e x1 & s buri$ ! pr9ts "u suffici5t s& to protect !m2 or1 possibly1 a fre% lay] ( ooze1 or mud & s& mix$1 came d[n ! e/u>y & roll$ g5tly ov] ^! ra9-pr9ts & cas$ !m safely40 8,:o w\ld h ?\ght ( read+ all t 9 s&60 8,d we n daily read footpr9ts 9 s& 9 ?is fa%ion8 ,z we came "h we cross$ ! road ly+ deep 9 summ] du/4 ,!re 9 ! du/ 7 ! pr9ts ( a ?ree-to$ foot4 ,we recogniz$ ! size & %ape2 x 0 ! track ( a h5's foot2 a l>ge fat h5 we judg$1 because ! pr9ts 7 l>ge & deeply ind5t$4 ,ar\nd h] tracks 7 ! small delicate m>ks ( ! feet ( "y *icks4 ,!re 7 _m ( !m2 evid5tly ! h5 _h a l>ge brood ) h]4 ,"h %e _h scrat*$ 9 ! du/ :]e "s gra9 or meal _h be5 scatt]$3 "h 0 a deep holl[ :]e ! du/ 0 flirt$ ab\t on all sides2 ! h5 _h be5 tak+ a du/-ba?4 ,"h 7 "s mu* l>g] m>ks ( ?ree-to$ feet1 _! di/ance ap>t %[+ a long] /ride3 we felt q c]ta9 t a big roo/] _h m>*$ t way4 ,we knew ab\t ! h51 ! *icks1 ! cock1 ! fe$+1 ! wall[+1 z well z if we _h wat*$ ! birds !mselves & _! p]=mances4 ,b we _h only se5 footpr9ts 9 ! s&4 ,has any "o ( u wond]$ at ,rob9son ,crusoe's conclusions :5 on ! bea* he f\nd ! pr9t ( a nak$ human foot80 ,! pupils admitt$ ! ju/ice ( ?is reason+4 8,:at else h y read80 !y que/ion$4 8,%ortly aft] ! %[] an animal pass$ ?is way2 a two-legg$ animal ) ?ree-to$ feet1 & a /ride six feet 9 l5g?4 ,su* a creature w\ld make an o/ri* seem small4 ,:e!r x 0 a bird or a liz>d ,i _c tell1 at all ev5ts x has nei!r k9dr$ nor desc5dants 9 ! mod]n era4 ,if a bird1 x 0 ( t antique type :i* _h tee? & no fea!rs & wore a liz>d's tail4 ,x 0 probably a wad] ( "s k9d1 & ate mollusks & fi%4 ,i say t x pass$ ?is way ab\t ! "t ( ! %[]1 because ,i f9d its footpr9ts ne> ! ra9-m>ks1 & on ! same level ( rock1 & because !y seem to h be5 cov]$ up ab\t ! same "t1 & 9 ! same mann]40 8,d y suppose if we broke up "s ( ?is rock we %\ld f9d rema9s ( ! liv+ creatures t mov$ ov] x80 8,no2 s&/one is n ri* 9 fossils4 ,p]haps ! oxide ( iron t frequ5tly accompanies ! s& has de/roy$ plant & animal organisms1 or x may be t :5 ! heavy qu>tz gra9s dropp$ out ( ! wat]1 ! plant & animal rema9s 7 c>ri$ (f by tides or curr5ts4 ,/ill1 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w fossils are f\nd 9 s&/ones40 8,d all ! /rata ( s&/one tell ?is same /ory80 8,ea* v>ies ! /ory some:at to suit its own circum/ances4 ,"s tell u :i* way ! tides fl[$ & ! riv]s ran t br\ght !m to _! re/+ places long ago40 8,are all s&/ones alike1 except 9 color80 8,no2 "s s&/one1 especially t ly+ ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd is s(t1 & ! gra9s are loosely held toge!r1 & are l>ge & di/9ct4 ,o!r s&/one has be5 press$ toge!r into a mass ne>ly z h>d z m>ble or granite4 ,flag/one is s&/one laid d[n 9 ?9 b$s1 & capable ( be+ readily split into flags or slabs4 ,free/one is a s(t s&/one :i* is capable ( be+ readily cut 9 any direction2 buhr/one is a p>ticul>ly h>d1 r\gh s&/one1 ( :i* gr9d/ones = mills are made4 ,roll yond] great1 r\gh /one "h4 ,:at d y ?9k ( x80 8,x looks l plum-duff10 said "o ( ! pupils1 8only ! plums are r l>ge & num]\s1 & ! d\gh is v h>d & scanty40 8,x is conglom]ate10 said ! tea*]1 8& conglom]ate diff]s f s&/one 9 ! size ( its gra9s4 ,:]e s&/one has t9y qu>tz cry/als = gra9s1 conglom]ate has pebbles1 fa/5$ toge!r ) mud h>d5$ l cem5t4 ,co>se s&/one closely resembles f9e conglom]ate4 ,ano!r k9d ( s&/one is call$ greywacke4 ,greywacke (t5 exhibits ! ripples & sun-cracks ( ! anci5t bea*4 ,9 greywacke ! gra9s are r\nd$1 or ne>ly r\nd$1 are uncolor$1 & are cem5t$ toge!r by a v h>d pa/e ( *alk or silica4 ,if y look at a piece ( greywacke y might ?9k x a portion ( igne\s or fire-made rock1 x is s f9e & h>d4 ,y mu/ rememb] t rocks :i* h be5--let u say1 well cook$1 by ! e>?'s int]nal fires1 are v h>d & compact2 !y h be5 fus$ toge!r & !n cool$1 & ! process has made !m v /rongly coh]5t4 ,b s&/one 9 all its v>ieties is a wat]-made1 n a fire-made rock4 ,^! wat]-made rocks are call$ fragm5tal1 :ile fire-made rocks are t]m$ igne\s4 ,:atev] heat has be5 appli$ to s&/one has s]v$ only to melt & h>d5 ! f9e cem5t1 b has n be5 suffici5t to fuse ! gra9s4 ,! t]m fragm5tal1 z appli$ to rocks1 means t ! p>ts are easily divisible1 & are l>gely individual & fragm5t>y4 ,clay rocks are fragm5tal1 & s are lime/one rocks4 ,!re are also a few ( ! fragm5tal rocks :i* h be5 v greatly heat$1 & inde$ 7 once flung out ( volcanoes 9 a r$-hot or melt$ /ate4 ,b z !y are 9 a loose condition mu* l c9d] & a%es1 !y are class$ among ! fragm5tal rocks4 ,among ^! are tufa1 breccia1 volcanic conglom]ate1 & two or ?ree o!rs40 8,x ne$s mu* le>n+ to read s mu* f a few footpr9ts 9 s&10 said "o ( ! pupils1 z !y rose to g homew>d4 8,say1 r10 said ! tea*]1 8t by close obs]vation & by comp>ison ( obs]v$ facts1 we may ga!r m or less valuable in=mation4 ,pupils are too ready to dep5d = in=mation r ^u memoriz+ :at is 9 books ?an ^u ! cultivation ( ! faculties ( obs]vation4 ,n[1 ! books are v valuable z giv+ u ! k amass$ by _m m9ds1 & also !y help u to reason judici\sly ^u :at we see4 ,b ! in=mation ga!r$ f books is mu* m easily =gott5 ?an t :i* comes to u f obs]vation1 & we mu/1 9 ! /udy ( natural sci5ce1 yoke ! book to practical obs]vation1 & closet /udy to out-(-doors /udy40 ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,,! ,,w9t] ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 8,h>k to t mighty cra%6 ,! loos5$ ice-ridge breaks away-- ,seaw>d ! glitt]+ m\nta9 rides1 ,:ile d[n its gre5 transluc5t sides ,! foam+ torr5ts da%40 --,,bryant4 ,once ^u a "t ! ,nor? ,pol> region1 :]e all is n[ sn[ & ice1 int5se cold & six mon?s ( night1 0 a l& ( w>m? & sun%9e4 ,at t "t1 h[ long ago x 0 we _c tell1 ! ,nor? ,pol> ,circle 0 a gre5 & luxuriant fl[]-g>d54 ,! bee*1 oak1 popl>1 maple1 & walnut grew !re4 ,! fragrant lime tree & ! beautiful magnolia 7 !re4 ,be=e ?is flora appe>$1 plants ( ! c>bonif]\s era _h fl\ri%$ !re1--p9es1 club-mosses1 tree-f]ns1 cycads2 & ^! _h s ab\nd$ t a b$ ( coal ?irty feet ?ick 0 laid d[n4 ,ov] ?is buri$ coal-b$ ! spruce1 p9e1 fir1 bir*1 cypress1 elm1 hazel1 & viburnum grew 9 ! ,arctic zone4 ,^! trees 7 n ! only repres5tatives ( ! plant _w2 on ! pla9s ! grasses grew1 on ! ponds ! wat]-lilies rock$1 & re$s & s$ges fr+$ 9 da9ty beauty ! bord]s ( ! pools4 ,_m families ( plants !n gr[+ 9 nor!rn ,gre5l& _h at ! same "t _! repres5tatives 9 ,c5tral ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:5 ,,ice ,,0 ,,k+4 ,evid5tly at t date ! ,arctic zone _h a mild climate1 & day & night ( mod]ate l5g?4 ,t ! above num]at$ plants & almo/ two hundr$ o!r species grew )9 n9e degrees ( ! ,nor? ,pole is prov$ by f9d+ _! rema9s 9 all /ages ( gr[?1 f se$ to matur$ plant1 f root to fruit1 scatt]$ ov] an ext5sive area ( c\ntry4 ,h[ did ?is happ58 ,:at occasion$ ! *ange8 ,h[ came ,gre5l& !n to be a w>m & smil+ l&8 ,^! are que/ions to :i* no answ] c at pres5t be giv54 ,no "o kn[s h[ ?is c\ld h be54 ,ov] aga9/ ?is m>vel ( a mild climate1 luxuriant vegetation1 & ne>ly equal days & nights )9 ! ,pol> ,circle1 we may set t o!r wond] ( ! glacial or ice age--! "t :5 ! pol> cold w&]$ beyond its b\nds & came d[n into ! temp]ate zone to /ay1 = h[ long we _c tell2 = v long inde$1 no d\bt1 ?\gh n = z long z a _w-build+ epo*4 ,! ,glacial age 0 only a portion ( ! age t came j be=e ! human p]iod4 ,?is ,glacial p]iod is also "o ( ! problems :i* cont9ue to puzzle ! geologi/4 ,:y 0 ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e !n s cold8 ,:at occasion$ ! *ange f tropic w>m? to nipp+ fro/8 ,h[ sudd5ly did ?is *ange come on8 ,h[ f> did x ext5d1 & h[ long did x la/8 ,all ^! qu]ies _c be answ]$1 b "s ( ! wond]s ( t /range1 =bidd+ age we c unfold4 ,we "k t ! nor!rn half ( ! _w grew cold] & cold]1 & t 9 ?is *ill+ climate ! flora & fauna greatly *ang$4 ,! plants c\ld n accommodate !mselves to ! cold & mo/ ( !m p]i%$1 & _! places 7 tak5 by fl[]s & trees :i* belong$ to cold] climates4 ,in/ead ( palms1 figs1 c9namon trees1 & magnolias1 grew dw>f bir*1 ! will[1 & p9es1 :ile ! less h>dy vegetation left repres5tatives only 9 ! tropics4 ,! animals also *ang$1 b m sl[ly ?an ! plants4 ,"s migrat$ to ! s\?1 o!rs less5$ 9 size & put on ?ick] coats ( fur or fea!rs2 _m species p]i%$ entirely4 ,/ill ! cold increas$4 ,va/ sn[ fields load$ ! ,alps & ! ,pyr5ees1 & all ! pla9s & valleys ( nor!rn & middle ,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica began to be fill$ ) glaci]s4 ,"h let u pause to consid] t ?ree-f\r?s ( ! surface ( our globe is wat]4 ,z we h se5 f ! /udy ( ! moon1 a wat]less globe is also a lifeless globe1 b]eft ( plant or animal1 & we owe 9 a l>ge "p ! habitable "* ( ! e>? to its abundant wat]4 ,?is wat] has _m =ms1 z lakes1 seas1 ponds1 spr+s1 riv]s4 ,x is salt & fre%1 & v>ies 9 temp]ature f ! boil+ spr+s or geys]s1 to ! icy seas ( ! poles4 ,wat] has *anges ( /ate2 f ! liquid =m x *anges by loss ( heat to solid ice2 moi/ure1 froz5 z x falls ?r\gh ! air1 becomes cry/als ( sn[2 wat] diffus$ 9 ! air is mi/ & dew2 p>tially cond5s$ 9 ! air x =ms cl\ds2 & dew 9 a froz5 /ate is fro/4 ,let u n[ see :at 0 ! "w ( wat] 9 its =ms ( ice & sn[ 9 ! ,ice age4 ,"h we d n w&] 9 unc]ta9ties2 = :at we see to be n[ ! "w & *anges ( ice & sn[ 9 ! ,high ,alps & ! froz5 oceans ( ! nor?1 we may accurately acc\nt to h be5 ! "w ( ! same ag5ts 9 ! ,ice p]iod4 ,let u !re=e reason f ! pres5t to ! pa/4 ,a va/ region su* z ,gre5l& or ,spitzb]g5 or ! high ,alp9e c\ntry is cov]$ deep ) sn[1 :i* falls ^u x ne>ly e mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,= a little "t 9 ! summ] ! sun p>tially melts ! sn[ ev5 on ! heights1 s t floods ( sn[-wat] beg9 to run into ! valleys4 ,b freez+ g5]ally takes place 9 ! night1 & ! melt+ p]iod is %ort1 s t ! high] pla9s & valleys become fill$ ) b$s ( ice2 yet f b5ea? "s ( ^! ice-b$s wat] runs out & desc5ds to ! l[] pla9s & valleys1 becom+ 9 _! w>m] temp]ature broad riv]s to wat] ! l&4 ,z y look f ! di/ance ^u ! sn[-cov]$ ,alps1 y see broad spaces fla%+ & %9+ l silv]4 ,^! are ! glaci]s or ice-riv]s betwe5 ! sn[y peaks4 ,^! glaci]s seem z y obs]ve !m to be /ation>y1 b :5 !y are measur$ !y are f\nd to h a /eady motion4 ,?us1 y set a po/ 9 ! glaci] & a po/ 9 l9e ) x ^u ! rocks on ea* side ( ! glaci]4 ,ev5 9 a day or two y w see t in/ead ( ?ree po/s 9 l9e1 ?us ,illu/ration !y /& 9 ?is fa%ion ,illu/ration1 & 9 a few weeks ! c5tral po/ w seem to h travell$ "s di/ance d[n ! glaci]4 ,b no2 ! glaci] has be5 slid+ along 9 its b$ & c>ry+ ! po/ ) x4 ,z ! glaci] ( ! ,alps moves d[n1 d[n1 d[n1 x comes into w>m] levels1 melts & crumbles away1 & fe$s riv]s4 ,b ! glaci] ( ! ,pol> circle :5 x rea*es ! limit ( its b$ has n f\nd a w>m] level2 x breaks (f by its own weight1 ) a trem5d\s cra%1 & falls into ! ,pol> sea1 among floes ( mov+ ice4 ,! fall5 fragm5t ( glaci] settles into ! wat] = ab\t eight-n9?s ( its entire height1 & n[ takes a new "n1--x is an iceb]g4 ,! iceb]g is (t5 ( great height above wat]2 "s b]gs weigh hundr$s ( millions ( tons4 ,! air1 sun1 & da%+ wat] cut ! b]g into beautiful & fanta/ic %apes ( domes1 p9nacles1 & t[]s1 f :i* ! sun fla%es back z f molt5 metal4 ,! iceb]g floats ab\t ! ,pol> sea1 & f9ally may be c>ri$ by ! curr5ts s\?w>d into w>m] wat]s & a mild] climate4 ,!n ! melt+ process goes on swiftly1 & :5 ! l[] portion becomes s mu* less5$ z to de/roy ! equilibrium ( ! float+ m\nta91 x turns ov]1 or portions ( x break away & fall into ! sea4 ,?us ! hi/ory ( ! m>vell\s m\nta9 ( ice is3 fir/ sn[ fall+ ^u high l&s2 !n f ! melt+ & freez+ ( ! sn[1 glaci]s or ice-riv]s2 !n ! glaci] mov+ beyond its b$1 breaks (f into a b]g1 & ! vagrant ( ! ,pol> seas drifts to its de/ruction 9 w>m] climes4 ,n[ let u g back to ! sn[ m\nta9s & ! =m+ glaci]s4 ,z ^! riv]s ( ice gr9d & cr[d d[n _! rav9es !y te> & cru% ! sides ( ! m\nta9s & ! face ( ! valley1 s t !y h b5ea? !m :at we may call ano!r /ream1 & t n ( ice1 b ( brok5 /ones ( all sizes4 ,^! are froz5 to ! bottom ( ! glaci] & are dragg$ along ) x z x slides d[n ! rav9e4 ,! bottom ( ! glaci] moves a little m sl[ly#cj ?an ! surface2 f9ally x comes d[n ^u ! valleys 9 some?+ ( ! %ape ( a ,v1 or ! %>e ( a pl[4 ,?us ent]+ ! valley x drives a va/ am\nt ( dbris1 z b\ld]s & pebbles1 be=e x1 & c>ries a va/ am\nt m cl++ to its upp] & l[] surfaces4 ,n[ x is evid5t t z ! glaci] melts rapidly 9 ! w>m valley x w drop ! load ( /one t x c>ri$ ) x 9 its desc5t f ! heights4 ,su* a b$ ( glaci]-driv5 /one is t]m$ a mora9e1 & :5 p h once se5 a mora9e !y w n fail to recognize "o :]ev] !y f9d x1 ev5 if x is ?\s&s ( miles away f any glaci]s4 ,!y w say3 8,"h is a mora9e2 once !re mu/ h be5 a glaci] sl[ly mov+ "h40 ,h[ev] w>m ! climate may n[ be1 :5 we see a mora9e we may be assur$ t once x 0 cold en\gh = sn[ m\nta9s & = glaci]s4 ,x is z c]ta9 z t e pea*-/one we see mu/ once h be5 9 a pea*4 ,aga9 9 ! pres5t glaci]-di/ricts we f9d t :5 glaci]s & iceb]gs slide ov] b$s ( rock or masses ( /one1 !y cut & groove !m1 *isel !m 9 a peculi> fa%ion2 & :5 on any rock we f9d ^! *isel-m>ks ( ! ice1 !y are unmi/akable1 & we "k t ice heavy & /rong en\gh to cut ! rock has be5 !re4 ,:5 we see a "n or initial cut 9 a tree we "k t "s p]son ) a knife has be5 !re & cut ! lett]s4 ,we recognize ! glaci]-"w j z cle>ly on ! rock z ! human "w on ! tree4 ,once m1 to g back to our glaci]s1 we f9d t !y te> f ! rocks l>ge masses or lumps ( /one2 & ^! fragm5ts be+ gr\nd & dragg$ 9 ! ice-b$1 lose ! %>pness ( _! edges & become r\nd$ & smoo?4 ,! iceb]gs1 z !y break f ! glaci]1 c>ry away ^! /ones froz5 to _! l[] surface1 & z ! ice melts ! /ones are let fall4 ,^! peculi> /ones are call$ b\ld]s1 & "s "n !m 8lo/ /ones10 z !y are f\nd s f> away f _! orig9al rocks4 ,^! b\ld]s1 or lo/ /ones1 are scatt]$ ov] a l>ge portion ( ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,on high hills1#ca 9 wide fields1 & deep valleys1 !y lie z ! ice left !m4 ,"s are lodg$ 9 ! mo/ s+ul> places4 ,:5 we see a b\ld] on ! cre/ ( "s high hill x may be h>d to believe t once an icy sea roll$ ov] su* an em95ce & cov]$ x s deep t iceb]gs ) _! enorm\s masses _h rock$ above x 9 ! cold1 d>k waves2 b s x truly 04 ,sometimes we see a wide field cov]$ ) b\ld]s ly+ s closely toge!r t v little vegetation c gr[ among !m4 ,9 ?is field1 long ago1 "s iceb]g gr\nd$ 9 ! %all[ wat]s &1 melt+ away !re1 left its load ( /ones4 ,!re are "s geologi/s :o consid] t a solid cap or %eet ( ice cov]$ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e at "s di/ant "t1 & t ! b\ld]s & b\ld]-clay 7 ! deposit ( ?is ice-%eet1 & 7 n dropp$ by float+ b]gs4 ,x is v likely t !re 7 n only float+ b]gs c>ry+ b\ld]s1 b also an ice-%eet ext5d+ bel[ ! ,pol> circle4 ,altoge!r ! drift1 ! mora9es1 ! ice-scrat*$ rocks1 & ! b\ld]s ly+ solit>y hundr$s ( miles f ! rocks ( :i* !y once =m$ a "p1 po9t out cle>ly to u :at 7 ! g5]al features ( ! ,glacial age ( ! _w4 ,,footnotes3 #cj ,! bottom ( an ice-/ream moves m sl[ly ?an ! surface3 ?is is ! case ) any /ream2 ?us ! surface projects at la/ beyond ! bottom & breaks (f 9 b]gs2 :ile at la/ ! l[] "p ent]s ! valley some?+ l ! %>e ( a pl[4 #ca ,on ! bluffs ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 ,h[>d ,c\nty1 ,mo41 are ice m>k+s1 & a lump ( copp] weigh+ #bc-a_/b p\nds 0 f\nd on ^! bluffs4 ,?is copp] 0 a 8lo/0 lump br\ght by ice f ! coa/ ( ,lake ,sup]ior4--,j4 ,b4 ,s4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,cru/aceans4 8,look on ?is beautiful _w1 & read ! tru? ,9 h] fair page3 see e season br+s ,new *ange to h] ( ev]la/+ y\?2 ,/ill ! gre5 soil ) joy\s liv+ ?+s ,sw>ms1 ! wide air is full ( joy\s w+s1 ,& myriads /ill1 z happy1 9 ! sleep ,( ocean's azure gulf1 & :]e he fl+s ,! re/less surge40 --,,bryant4 ,9 ^? long ages :5 !re 7 no human be+s 9 ! _w & ! l[] ord]s ( animals _h ! globe all to !mselves1 ea* successive p]iod ( *ange 0 di/+ui%$ by "s special class ( liv+ creatures1 :i* 7 !n *ief 9 numb]s & importance4 ,ea* ( ^! 9 its own age rea*$ its prime 9 size & dom9ion4 ,b :ile ^! p>ticul> families pass$ away at ! close ( _! e>? age1 ! classes to :i* !y belong$ frequ5tly surviv$ 9 *ang$ =ms1 :i* h cont9u$ to ! pres5t4 ,^! late desc5dants ( ! old "t possessors ( ! _w h g5]ally decreas$ 9 size & numb]s1 & increas$ 9 beauty & 9 capacity = m9i/]+ 9 "s way to humanity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,! ,,dawn4 ,b !re are "s anci5t classes ( liv+ creatures :i* h *ang$ v little1 & are to-day practically :at !y 7 at _! orig94 ,?us ! =am9if]a 7 among ! v e>lie/ ( liv+ creatures1 z !y 7 also among ! smalle/1 ! mo/ simple 9 /ructure1 & ! mo/ widely di/ribut$4 ,_! "w seem$ to be fir/ to collect mat]ial f sea-wat] to build into _! own =ms1 & !n to bequea? !mselves to ! =mation ( rock4 ,!re is no family ( creatures s anci5t1 = beside !m all o!r fossils seem mod]n4 ,z liv+ animals !y /ill survive 9 almo/ un*ang$ conditions1 & ab\nd ev]y:]e except 9 ! ,pol> seas4 ,9 ! tropics !y are f\nd 9 %all[] wat]s ?an 9 ! temp]ate zones4 ,! h>d "n ( ^! creatures comes f ! ^w =am51 a little hole l ! eye ( a ne$le4 ,n[ ^! que] animals 7 made ( a s(t sub/ance l jelly or glue 9 %ells ) _m divisions4 ,! walls ( ! lime-cells or rooms 7 full ( t9y holes l ! holes 9 a sieve1 & ?r\gh ^! ! jelly "p ( ! animal p\r$ itself1 & s fill$ & p]vad$ all ! *amb]s or cells4 ,_m ( ^! creatures c be se5 only ?r\gh a microscope4 ,9 a =m] lesson we spoke ( ! nummulites1 l>ge specim5s ( ?is same ord]1 & ( _! "w 9 /one-mak+4 ,we f\nd t mo/ ( ! build+-/one ( ,p>is1 va/ b$s ( /one 9 ,india1 & a l>ge "p ( ! *alk rocks are nummulitic4 ,! great pyramids ( ,egypt & ! enorm\s t]races ^u :i* !y /& are built ( ! same nummulitic lime/one1 :ile _m o!r va/ l$ges ( lime/one rock are compos$ ( ! m9ute %ells ( =am9if]a4 ,9 mo/ anci5t times ! coral polyps 7 build+ up _! t[]s1 & 7 p]haps l>g] & m pl5tiful 9 ! l[] ,silurian age ?an at any o!r p]iod2 b coral polyps are /ill busy on ! ,pacific sea build+ _! beautiful isl&s or atolls4 ,! mollusks1 or %ell-fi%1 ) s+le or bivalve %ells1 ) heads or )\t1#cb 71 no d\bt1 l>g] & m abundant 9 ! ,silurian epo* ?an ev] aft]2 b !y rema9 pl5tiful n[1 z all collectors ( %ells are glad to realize1 & ?\gh 9 _m ord]s !y h decreas$ 9 size1 !y h increas$ 9 beauty ( =m & color+4 ,! cru/aceans1 or crab family1 7 among ! e>lie/ ( liv+ creatures4 ,! class survives 9 _m v>ieties1 b "s ( its e>lie/ families h entirely p]i%$4 ,9 ! age 9 :i* !y fir/ appe>$1 ! cru/aceans 7 ! mo/ num]\s ( liv+ ?+s4 ,! cru/aceans are ( ! r+$ class ( animals1 to :i* also insects belong1#cc & "h we f9d t ! r+$ creatures ( ! sea prec$$ by a long "t ! r+$ creatures ( ! air & l&2 = crabs ( _m k9ds crawl$ 9 ! %all[ seas & 7 ca/ ^u ! rocky %ores ( ! e>lie/ cont95ts & isl&s long be=e a solit>y dragon-fly or cockroa* f\nd life1 or c\ld h f\nd a wood$ or grassy piece ( l& ^u :i* to re/4 ,! fir/ ( ! anci5t cru/aceans :i* we %all m5tion is repres5t$ by a v num]\s class ( fossils call$ trilobites4 ,!re are no liv+ trilobites1 b ! creatures n[ ne>e/ !m are ! isopods4 ,! trilobite 0 m l an isopod 9 its l>va /ate ?an l a full-gr[n "o4 ,! trilobite _h a h>d plate or %ell ov] 8 head & ! front "p ( 8 body4 ,?is piece ( armor 0 %ap$ ne>ly l ! l>ge front portion ( ! %ell ( a horse%oe or k+-crab4 ,! k+-crab uses ?is %ell z a mud-pl\gh to pl\gh its way ?r\gh ! slime1 :]e x f9ds its food & deposits its eggs4 ,"s ( ! anci5t trilobites 7 z small z a split pea1 & "s 7 a foot across _! head-plate2 b l>ge or small !y all _h ! head-%ell & us$ x = ! same purposes n only = protection1 b z a mud-pl\gh = digg+ burr[s 9 ! ooze bel[ ! %all[ seas or on ! %ores4 ,on ! sides ( ?is h>d buckl] 7 plac$ ! eyes1 :i* 7 l>ge1 prom95t1 & comp\nd1 or furni%$ ) _m l5ses1 z we f9d 9 ! eyes ( insects4#cd ,^! r\nd1 prom95t eyes are a v m>k$ feature ( a fossil trilobite2 !y seem to be />+ at creation /ill1 ?\gh ! creature has be5 dead ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,! body ( ! trilobite 0 compos$ ( num]\s r+s or segm5ts1 & ea* ( ^! r+s 0 divid$ into ?ree lobes1 f :i* x receives its "n1 tri-lobe-ite1 or ?ree-lob$ animal4 ,all ! r+s ( ! body 7 s jo9$ t ! trilobite c\ld roll itself into a ball1 d\bl+ its tail =w>d "u its head1 & s br++ all p>ts ( its body "u ! protection ( ! horny %ield4 ,h y nev]1 9 turn+ ov] e>? or break+ a decay$ /ump1 f\nd numb]s ( small1 oval1 s(t1 gray1 ridg$ creatures call$ slat]s or wood-lice8 ,h y notic$ h[ z soon z !y are di/urb$ !y roll !mselves into an app>5tly lifeless coil8 ,9 ?is fa%ion "s ( ! trilobites 7 l ! wood-l\se4 ,= a long "t x 0 suppos$ t ! trilobite _h no legs2 b at la/ x 0 f\nd t !y _h a numb] ( small1 ?9-jo9t$ legs1 l ^? ( a "y spid]-crab4 ,?us we see t 9 its head-%ield & eye-placem5t1 ! trilobite 0 l a horse%oe crab1 or limulus1 :i* is no d\bt its ne> relation2 9 g5]al =m x 0 l a "y isopod2 9 its me?od ( roll+ itself up = re/ or safety1 x 0 l a wood-l\se2 9 its long1 ?9 legs x 0 l a small spid]-crab4 ,dur+ "o e>?-build+ age1 ! trilobite 0 ! *ief repres5tative ( ! crabs1 & _m hundr$ species ( trilobites h be5 discov]$4 ,we f9d t _! patt]ns v>i$ mu* 9 ! days :5 !y 7 ! lead+ ord] ( ! e>?4 ,! track ( ! trilobite 9 ! mud 9 :i* x liv$ 0 peculi>1 & has ga9$ ! "n ( 8ladd] footpr9ts40 ,^! footpr9ts h be5 pres]v$ 9 ! h>d5$ mud1 z h ra9-drop pr9ts & birds' tracks4 ,! slim1 %>p-to$ feet ( ! trilobite made little r[s ( dots1 & on ea* side ( ^! 0 a deep groove1 ! r[s ( dots look+ l ! r\nds1 & ! grooves l ! sides ( a ladd]4 ,?is d\ble groove 0 caus$ by ! dragg+ edges ( ! %ield or head-plate1 & ! ladd] footpr9t is mu* l ! track ( a k+-crab4 ,float+ above ! primordial mud1 9 good fell[%ip no d\bt ) ! trilobite1 0 ! bra*iopod1 or 8arm-foot$0 creature4 ,?is "n 0 giv5 because ( num]\s slim f+]-l app5dages1 su* z ! b>nacle uses = its fi%+ app>atus4#ce ,! bra-*i-o-pod 0 p>tly l ! cru/aceans & p>tly l ! mollusks1 :ile "s le>n$ m5 h conclud$ x to be closely relat$ to worms & />-fi%6 ,9 fact ^! anci5t families ( animals _h _m po9ts 9 common4 ,p]haps ! anci5t lamp %ells 7 ! repres5tatives ( ! bra*iopods :5 all ^! fir/ families ( ! _w liv$ toge!r 9 ! ,cambrian seas4 ,! bra*iopods _h two valv$ %ells ( v lovely %apes4 ,!y 7 a prophecy ( ! wond]ful beauty t 0 to appe> 9 ! _w4 ,"s ( ! %ells 7 only a qu>t] ( an in* across1 o!rs 7 f\r in*es1 & a few v>ieties h be5 f\nd ) %ells a foot wide4 ,^! 7 giants ( _! class4 ,! out] surface ( ^! %ells 0 exquisitely *isell$1 z a jewell] ornam5ts gold & silv] plate1 & ! beauty ( ! %ell 0 increas$ by brilliant colors4 ,r$1 gre51 yell[1 blue-black1 & rose-p9k 7 ! hues 9 :i* ^! pretty creatures disport$ !mselves be=e ! big />+ eyes ( ! trilobites4 ,_m ( ^! animals moor$ !mselves by p$uncles to rocks or to o!r creatures1 z b>nacles d1 & ?us hold+ fa/1 !y fi%$ = _! d9n]s ) _! f9e net ( filam5ts2 = ^! delicate ?reads 7 n = locomotion1 b 7 m\? app5dages to cat* some?+ to satisfy ! creature's hung]4 ,! bra*iopods 71 next to ! trilobites1 ! mo/ num]\s & important gr\p 9 ! ,cambrian age4 ,b1 :ile ! trilobites di$ out ) _! age1 "s ( ! repres5tatives ( _! pretty neighbors h exi/$ ev] s9ce1 &1 no d\bt1 9 ! ,silurian days !y liv$ z cont5t$ly among ! corals1 z !y n[ live among coral groves 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific4 ,obs]vation ( a liv+ animal ( ?is class %[s t hav+ fa/5$ itself by its p$uncle to "s firm hold+ place1 x c v rapidly fold & unfold its f+]-l filam5ts1 creat+ ar\nd itself a little :irlpool1 :i* incl9es t[>ds its m\?1 & draws its food )9 rea*4 ,,footnotes3 #cb ,see ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #a1 ,lessons #cd-cf4 #cc ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lesson #a4 #cd ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lesson #ag4 #ce ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lesson #cd4 ,,lesson ,,xvii4 ,,/one ,,fi% ,,& ,,/one ,,lilies4 8,! floor is s& l ! m\nta9 drift1 ,& ! pe>l-%ells spangle ! fl9ty sn[2 ,f coral rocks ! sea-plants lift ,_! b\ghs1 :]e ! tides & bill[s fl[2 ,! wat] is calm & /ill bel[1 ,= ! w9ds & waves are abs5t !re1 ,& ! s&s are bright z ! />s t gl[ ,9 ! motionless fields ( ! upp] air40 --,,p]cival1 ,! ,coral ,grove4 ,x 0 n an unusual incid5t t a lawn gate %\ld h be5 c>elessly left op51 &1 ! gate be+ op51 x 0 n surpris+ t a /ray c[ %\ld turn 9 ?i!r to fea/ on blue grass4 ,giv5 ! op5 gate & ! intrud+ c[1 x 0 9 ! usual ord] ( affairs t ,scrogg9s1 our black boy1 %\ld arrive ^u ! sc5e1 ge/iculat+ & l\dly remon/rant4 ,scrogg9s seiz$ a l>ge lump ( h>d clay & flung x at our neighbor's ,ald]ney1 by way ( emphasiz+ 8 objurgations4 ,! c[ 0 already ha/5+ h] dep>ture1 & ! lumps ( clay /ruck n ! retreat+ c[1 b ! granite horse-block1 & s fell to pieces4 ,at t in/ant ,i came by1 & oh1 joy6 z ! co>se matrix ( clay crumbl$1 !re fell out ( x ! mo/ p]fect cr9oid1 or /one lily1 ,i _h ev] se54 ,:ite & clean1 its %>p ridges1 or folds1 p]fect1 an in* ( /em 9 good pres]vation--8,scrogg9s6 ,tell me quickly1 :]e y f\nd ! clay :i* y h br\ght to level up t holl[ 9 ! lawn80 8,i done fot* him f ,hopk9s' qu>ry1 missey4 ,a clay bank je/ clo/ along side dat qu>ry1 suah40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/one ,,lilies4 ,v]ily !n !re are fossil cr9oids to be f\nd 9 t qu>ry2 !re=e let u take a hamm]1 & "s "o /rong-arm$ to wield x1 & away to ,hopk9s' qu>ry4 ,! rock ( ,hopk9s' qu>ry is ( ! l[] ,silurian4 ,"h & !re we se>* among ! fragm5ts torn out by bla/+1 & lo1 pl5ty ( portions ( cr9oids4 ,! cr9oid f\nd 9 ! clay _h evid5tly be5 brok5 f ! rock 9 "s bla/1 & _h be5 flung ov] into ! s(t clay ( ! bank1 :i* _h h>d5$ ab\t x4 ,at la/ we c>efully *isel f ! rock a /em a foot long1 & ano!r fair1 cup-%ap$1 flut$ /one lily4 ,z ! rock is cut away we indulge 9 "s m$itations on ?is beautiful =m ( anci5t life1 ! animal wat]-lilies ( ! old5 "t4 ,!y came fir/ 9 ! l[] ,silurian1 :5 coral 0 k+1 & 9 _! enorm\s numb]s !y soon divid$ ! empire ( ! sea ) ! busy polyps4 ,moor$ to ! sea-bottom1 wav+ on _! long flexible /ems1 z fleets ( pond-lilies n[ ride at an*or1 /ret*+ out _! plume-l arms1 m l fl[]s ?an animals1 grew ! ,silurian cr9oids4 ,a few ( !m n[ rema9 9 ! deep seas1 b ) ^! few exceptions ! cr9oid has vani%$ f ! liv+ _w1 b has left its repres5tative desc5dants 9 ! great ord] to :i* ! />-fi%1 sea-ur*9s1 & sea-cucumb]s belong4#cf ,! adult cr9oid ( ! ,silurian 0 v l ! l>val comatula ( ! pres5t age4#cg ,! comatula is atta*$ to a /alk t gr[s ^u a rock or "s o!r fix$ sub/ance1 b at ! age ( six mon?s ! comatula deta*es itself f ?is /alk & swims (f4 ,9 ?is x diff]s f ! b>nacle :i*1 z y may rememb]1 is free & vagrant z a l>va1 & atta*$ :5 adult4 ,! cr9oids ( ! ,silurian 7 always fa/5$ & grew ea* 9 its individual place1 z firmly z ! lilies f :i* !y take _! "n4 ,! /em ( our cr9oid z x is laid b>e 9 ! rock1 exhibits a s]ies ( little disks or plates4 ,^! are set "o above ! o!r to =m ! /em1 :i* is (t5 sev]al feet long4 ,?r\gh all ^! little plates !re ran a s(t solid sub/ance1 l an ela/ic cord4 ,z ! /one :i* holds ! fossil is laid op5 by our *isel1 & ! cr9oid /em & fl[]-cup are well display$1 !y rem9d u ( ! sp9al column & bra9 ( v]tebrate animals4 ,! great ,g]man s*ol> & poet1 ,goe!1 rem>k$ t ! sp9al m>r[ ?read$ ?r\gh ! closely unit$ v]tebr ent]s ! skull by an op5+ at its base1 & exp&s1 or blooms out1 into ! bra94 ,goe! consid]$ ?is a gr[? l a lily2 ! sp9al cord be+ ! /em1 & ! bra9 ! p]fect fl[]4 ,?is :ite /one lily looks l a prophecy 9 /one ( ! sp9al cord & its bra9 expansion4 ,:5 ?is cr9oid 0 alive1 ^! valves or petals1 :i* n[ 9 ! petrifi$ specim5 =m a solid cup1 7 capable ( op5+ or unfold+1 & f !m ! long fea!ry filam5ts spread =?4 ,foll[+ our cr9oid d[n ! ages h come all ! m>vell\s families ( ! radiates4 ,x has become a common =m ( spee* to call ne>ly e animal t lives 9 ! sea1 a fi%4 ,?us we speak ( />-fi%1 mean+ memb]s ( ! radiate family :i* h no?+ 9 common ) true fi%es1 except ! habit ( liv+ 9 wat]2 we call mollusks %ell-fi%1 b !y are v f> remov$ 9 /ructure f ! fi%-class2 also we call :ales1 dugongs1 & _! k91 fi%1 :5 in/ead !y belong to ! mammals1 z we %all f9d :5 we come to /udy !m4 ,^! />-fi%1 z we wrongly call !m1 belong to ! same class z _! anci5t =]unn]s ! cr9oids1 & ! cr9oids 7 liv+ ) ! corals long be=e !re 7 any fi% 9 ! anci5t _w4 ,! ,silurian p]iod 0 almo/ at its close#ch be=e a s+le fi% appe>$ 9 ! sw>m+ life ( ! anci5t ocean4 ,! progress ( life f its beg9n+ until n[ has be5 upw>d1 & 9 ! ma9 ! late/ =ms ( life are ! highe/ =ms2 b ?is is a rule :i* has _m exceptions4 ,we h se5 _m ( ! l[e/ & e>lie/ =ms ( life cont9ue liv+ & reproduc+ !mselves 9 ! pres5t age1 & also we h se5 ! _m types ( life rema9 :i* are n n[ 9 _! highe/ developm5t1 b are deg5]at$ examples ( high] =ms t exi/$ long ago4 ,! noble/ type ( life is f\nd 9 v]tebrate animals2 b ! v]tebrates h _m families1 & x is only :5 we f9ally rea* ! *ief class ( v]tebrates t we f9d ! highe/ type ( life4 ,! fir/ v]tebrates t appe>$ 7 fi%4 ,9 _! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic1 ! backbone compos$ ( _m v]tebr1 !y 7 a prophecy ( all ! wond]ful ord]s ( v]tebrate animals4 ,! fi% 7 ( sev]al species1 & _h n sprung f any prec$+ type ( animals4 ,9 _! v]tebrate con/ruction !y 7 some?+ entirely new 9 animal life4 ,! fir/ fi% ( :i* we h any k 7 n poor little weakl+s1 h>dly capable ( ma9ta9+ exi/5ce2 on ! contr>y1 !y came bravely into a _w sw>m+ ) great cru/aceans & polyps & long-arm$ cuttle-fi%1 ano!r fi%-nam$ creature :i* is n at all a fi%4 ,among ^! huge & rav5\s animals ! new specim5 held its own1 & ass]t$ its high] condition4 ,:5 mo/ ( ! great =ms ( life :i* _h witness$ its arrival _h p]i%$ ) ! clos+ ( ! age1 ! fi% cont9u$ into ! next era1 & !re ?riv$ exce$+ly1 & _h _! turn at be+ _w-ma/]s4 ,) ea* advanc+ age ( ! _w ! fi%-class has gone on increas+ & rea*+ new =ms ( beauty & excell5ce4 ,! cru/aceans1 polyps1 cr9oids1 & nautili1 :i* prec$$ ! fi%1 _h _! bony /ructure ^u ! outside1 & ! s(t p>ts ( ! body securely plac$ )9 ?is cov]+4 ,! fi% came ) its bones inside its body1 ?us dep5d+ = safety ^u its agility & its tee?4 ,! fir/ fi%es _h ?ick1 t\gh sk9s1 )\t scales4 ,_! skeletons 7 r ( c>tilage1 or gri/le1 ?an ( bone1 b _! sp9es 7 long1 & _! tee? 7 p>ticul>ly l>ge & /rong4 ,!y 7 ab\t ! size ( a dog-fi%1#ci & 7 probably ev5 m hide\s to behold4 ,among ^! fi%1 h[ev]1 & p]haps ! olde/ ( !m all1 7 "s t1 :ile hav+ no scales1 wore great bony plates1 l ! side plates ( a /urgeon4#dj ,f ! coprolites f\nd ) ^! fossil fi% we discov] t !y ate sea-snails1 cr9oids1 :i* 7 unc]emoni\sly bitt5 f _! sway+ sl5d] /ems1 & l+ul1 :i* !y tore (f ! subm]g$ rocks1 z *e]fully z a boy helps himself to *]ries or blackb]ries4 ,! fir/ fragm5t ( a fossil fi% ev] f\nd1 0 9 a b$ ( s&/one ne> ,ludl[1 ,engl&1 & geologi/s h be5 eag]ly se>*+ ev] s9ce = m complete specim5s1 & to discov]1 if possible1 traces ( fi% 9 ! e>li] rocks4 ,f9ally ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey has f\nd e>li] fi% rema9s 9 ,colorado4 ,"o ( ! mo/ ard5t /ud5ts ( fossil fi%es 0 ! noble man ( sci5ce1 ,agassiz1 :o ev5 z a "y lad began a valuable collection ( fi% fossils4 ,:5 we consid] h[ _m organisms mu/ m\ld] away & p]i% entirely1 = e "o :i* survives1 we ne$ n wond] t comp>atively few fossils h be5 f\nd1 b %\ld r wond] t s _m h fall5 into suffici5tly favorable circum/ances to survive4 ,) ! next age aft] ! upp] ,silurian1 fi% became v abundant1 & 9 t & e age succe$+1 !y pr$om9ate 9 ! wat]s1 :]e ! old] animal =ms beg9 to disappe>4 ,"o peculi>ity ab\t ! fossil fi%es ( ! ,devonian era is1 t !y are (t5 f\nd 9 h>d1 flatt5$1 oblong concretions4 ,:5 "o ( ^! lumps1 l pebbles1 is giv5 a sm>t tap ) a hamm]1 x splits op51 & a fi% or "p ( a fi%1 is f\nd 9 ! c5tre4 ,hugh ,mill]1 ! ,scot* geologi/1 graphically describes 9 sev]al ( 8 works ! joy ) :i* he secur$ p]fect specim5s ( fi% f su* pebbles4 ,9 ! ,devonian age fi% improv$ 9 fa%ion1 & began to we> scales4 ,sometimes fossil scales are f\nd t+$ ) ! beautiful iris-hues :i* !y wore 9 ! anci5t wat]s4 ,sometimes 9 ! rocks ( ?is & ! succe$+ age !re are f\nd :ole b$s or ?ick /rata ( fi%-fragm5ts4 ,:5 ^! b$s are op5$ !y give =? a fa9t odor1 l decay$ fi%1 b all ! s(t p>ts ( ! fi% h be5 de/roy$ long ago1 & m]ely ! bones1 scales1 & especially ! wond]ful tee? rema94 ,,footnotes3 #cf ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lessons #cg-dj4 #cg ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #abg4 #ch ,9 ! la/ mon?s ( #ahij1 fi% rema9s 7 f\nd 9 rocks at ,caon ,city1 ,colorado1 belong+ to ! fir/ ,silurian s]ies4 ,new discov]ies con/antly *ange su* /atem5ts z t 9 ! text4 #ci ,! dog-fi% "h meant is ! dog-fi% ( ! sea1 well kn[n on ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,! 8dog-fi%0 ( ! riv]s is a v diff]5t specim54 #dj ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lesson #dj ad f9e4 ,,lesson ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,buri$ ,,reptiles4 8,hamlet4 ,d y see yon cl\d1 t's almo/ ! %ape ( a camel8 ,polonius4 ,by ! mass1 'tis l a camel inde$4 ,hamlet4 ,me?9ks x is l a weasel4 ,polonius4 ,x is back$ l a weasel4 ,hamlet4 ,or l a :ale8 ,polonius4 ,v l a :ale40 --,,%akespe>e1 ,hamlet4 ,:at is ! *ief bone 9 ! human body8 ,does any "o say ! arm1 or leg1 or brea/-bone8 ,no1 x is ! backbone1 or sp9al column4 ,t is a wond]ful bone t gives ! "n ( v]tebrate or backbon$ animals to all creatures :i* possess x4 ,?is sp9al column1 or backbone1 is made up ( a numb] ( little bones or jo9ts call$ v]tebr4 ,^! are ?read$ toge!r l beads on a /r+4 ,! sp9al cord runs ?r\gh !m1 ent]s ! skull1 & exp&s or blooms out into a bra94 ,b5d y\r body e way1 backw>d1 sidewise1 =w>d1 h[ flexible is ?is _m-jo9t$ sp9al column6 ,?is wond]ful backbone m>k$ ! creatures t possess$ x z a class high] ?an ! jo9t$ creatures or articulates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,! ,,p9e4 ,we h f\nd t ! fir/ v]tebrate animals 7 fi%es4 ,! fi% ( ! ,devonian age 7 n only num]\s & gre$y1 b in/ead ( scales ! majority ( !m wore l>ge bony plates1 :i* s]v$ !m z armor :ile !y f\ght1 n m]ely = exi/5ce1 b = conque/4 ,at pres5t !re are only ab\t ?irty species ( plate-we>+ or ganoid fi% 9 ! _w1 & n9e ?\s& species )\t ?is heavy armor4 ,b 9 ! age :5 fi%es 7 k+s ( creation1 ?is proportion 0 rev]s$1 & ! plate-we>+ fi% 7 ! m num]\s4 ,! fi%es 7 ! only repres5tatives ( ! backbon$ animals until ! ,coal age 0 well advanc$4 ,!n a new v]tebrate ( a /ill high] type arriv$ 9 ! _w4 ,^! new creatures ap$ ! fi% 9 _! backbones1 or sp9al columns1 _! ?ick sk9s1 & _! plate armor4 ,b !y 7 ( a high] type ?an ! fi%es2 = !y 7 9 possession ( legs1 to$-feet1 & _h lungs in/ead ( gills = a brea?+ app>atus4 ,9 ! e>lie/ repres5tatives ( ?is high] /age ( life1 ! lungs 7 an air sac associat$ ) gills1 b ! next =m dropp$ ! gills entirely1 & _h well-develop$ lungs4 ,! possession ( lungs gave !m p[] to live out ( ! wat]1 :i* hi!rto _h be5 ! home ( ne>ly all liv+ ?+s4 ,! new v]tebrates 7 amphibians1 & no d\bt ! e>lie/ ( !m f\nd !mselves bett] fitt$ to live 9 ! wat] ?an on ! l&1 z _! legs 7 feeble1 & _! /rong tails s]v$ !m well 9 swimm+2 b l ! amphibians ( ! pres5t1 !y made !mselves at home 9 any place4 ,! reptiles m>k$ ! introduction ( a high] animal class ?an _h previ\sly exi/$1 & be+ ( a high] type1 _! de/9y 0 to live & ?rive & ass]t !mselves4 ,almo/ imm$iately we note 9 ! class two bran*es1 or fa%ions1 :i* cont9ue to di/+ui% !m4 ,"s became v l>ge1 _h enorm\s heads & jaws1 & t]rible tee?1 resembl+ ! pres5t crocodiles4 ,^!1 liv+ on ! %ore1 prey$ ^u fi% or o!r animals4 ,! second division compris$ small] & m delicate reptiles4 ,!y _h bett] develop$ limbs & lungs1 l>ge ribs1 beautiful1 brightly color$ scales & sk9s1 liv$ on l&1 & f$ on insects1 spid]s1 & snails4 ,?us 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,coal-mak+ age1 we may imag9e ! %ores & bay\s sw>m+ ) great reptiles t5 feet long1 furni%$ ) ?ick armor & mon/r\s tee?2 :ile ! =e/s ( tree-f]ns1 club-mosses1 re$s1 & o!r plants1 7 ru/l+ ) ! agile feet ( gayly color$1 active little bea/s1 f a few in*es to a foot 9 l5g?4 ,"h at la/ 0 an animal ) a pair ( no/rils ?r\gh :i* x c\ld inflate a pair ( lungs4 ,! reptile ) 8 improv$ brea?+ app>atus & conv5i5t feet _h come into creation to /ay4 ,individuals & families w\ld inde$ p]i% & leave only fossil rema9s to exhibit _! *>act]i/ics1 b ! class 0 to rema94 ,:5 ! ,coal p]iod pass$ away1 we f9d t ! fir/ liz>ds accommodat$ !mselves 9 improv$ v>ieties1 to ! dem&s ( ! new "t2 _! tee?1 limbs1 lungs1 & tails1 7 bett] develop$1 & !y c\ld claim to be highly organiz$ creatures2 9 fact1 ! reptiles became ! lead+ animals ( ! epo*1 :i* f !m is (t5 call$ ! age ( ! reptiles4 ,! cru/aceans1 corals1 mollusks1 & fi% _h _h _! day ( be+ ! rul]s or lead+ families ( ! _w2 n[ came ! turn ( ! reptiles2 :ile c]ta9 gr\ps1 previ\sly *ief1 sank into l[] places4 ,^! cru/aceans1 polyps1 cr9oids1 & o!rs :i* we h m5tion$1 7 ! pr$ecessors ( ! reptiles4 ,!y did n disappe> :5 ! reptiles arriv$1 nor h !y disappe>$ yet4 ,no d\bt all ^! creatures1 & o!rs :i* h come into exi/5ce1 w survive & %>e ! globe1 z long z ! globe la/s4 ,no rese>*es h discov]$ any animals creat$ s9ce ! arrival 9 ! _w ( man4 ,:ile ! =am9if]a1 crabs1 corals1 mollusks1 fi%1 & o!r creatures came successively into ! _w ( life1 !re is no?+ to prove t any "o class desc5d$ f ! class prec$+4 ,!re is no evid5ce t any mollusk1 cr9oid1 or fi%1 ?\gh 9 exi/5ce a few ?\s& ye>s be=e ! reptiles1 c\ld claim to be ! reptiles' gr&fa!r1 & !re is no likelihood t ! inside skeleton ( ! backbon$ animal 0 develop$ out ( ! outside skeleton ( ! mollusk4 ,we mu/ take ^! successive classes z we f9d !m3 we see ea* class 9 itself1 develop+ into high] & bett] types2 !n1 "s ma9ta9 ?is improv$ developm5t1 "s dw9dle away & disappe>4 ,!re w always be _m ?+s 9 nature :i* we _c und]/&1 b ?is ne$ n disc\rage u 9 ef=ts to "k2 = ! old say+ is a good "o--8,he :o grasps aft] a gold coat1 is likely to get at lea/ a sleeve40 ,9 ^? old ages be=e man arriv$1 !re 7 new ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,s9ce man came1 !re is no?+ new "u ! sun3 ! facts :i* we le>n & call new1 are all old1 v old4 ,! reptiles 7 ( ! improv+ classes ( animals4 ,to be 9 full h>mony ) _! habitations1 & n miss any ( ! possibilities ( _! k+dom1 we f9d ! reptiles accommodat+ !mselves to ! e>?1 ! air1 & ! sea4 ,!re 01 = in/ance1 ! hadrosaurus1 a two-legg$ reptile1 :i* _h long1 /rong h9d legs1 & a /rong1 po9t$ tail4 ,^! legs & ! tail =m$ a tripod1 l ! ?ree legs ( a milk+-/ool1 or ! two legs & cane :]eon an ag$ man supports himself4 ,! enorm\s body ( ! hadrosaurus 0 upheld by ! /rong h9d legs1 & x pac$ sl[ly ab\t3 !n :5 x wi%$ to re/1 or seat itself at ease1 :ile ) its small1 h&-l =e-paws1 x pick$ fruits & leaves f ! tree-tops1 x br\ght its /rong tail into play1 & re/$ on ?is & its legs4 ,?us we see ! lucky hadrosaurus always c>ri$ ab\t its own camp-/ool4 ,?is creature 0 a l&-liv+1 h]b-eat+ reptile4 ,"o v great reptile ( ! sea 0 ! i*?yosaur1 or fi% reptile4 ,?is creature _h paddles & a v /rong tail-f9 = swimm+4 ,! i*?yosaur c\ld roll 9 ! heavy bill[s l a porpoise1 & lik$ to be f> out on ! sea busy at fi%+4 ,z x *as$ fi% at sea1 x held its head high above ! wat] & brea!d air ) true lungs4 ,probably no fi% c\ld hold its own aga9/ a mon/] tw5ty-five feet long & protect$ by broad1 solid plates ( armor4 ,! empire ( ! fi% _h f9ally dep>t$4 ,a ?ird wond]ful reptilian =m 0 fitt$ = airy flights2 ! pt]odactyl 0 ! reptile mon>* ( ! air4 ,:ile its c\s9s1 ! bip$ reptile & ! fi% reptile1 7 ravag+ ! l& & sea1 ! fly+ reptile1 or bat reptile1 :i*ev] we *oose to call x1 spread its p>*m5t-l w+s1 lift$ itself f> above ! trees1 & swoop$ f its height ^u fi%1 l& animals1 or ! few /ray insects ( ! p]iod4 ,! fly+ reptile 0 a prophecy ( ! com+ bird1 :i* arriv$ 9 ! middle "p ( ?is p]iod4 ,:5 true birds came1 !y introduc$ a class t 0 v closely relat$ to ! reptiles4 ,! lady :o holds a pet can>y on h] f+]1 (f]s x sug> ) h] lips1 kisses its pretty yell[ head1 & consid]s x "o ( ! mo/ da9ty & delightful ( liv+ ?+s w\ld1 p]haps1 %riek wildly if a liz>d ran across h] foot1 or ^u h] sleeve1 & w\ld call ! innoc5t little reptile1 hide\s1 disgu/+1 hateful4 ,"s "o says ! bird is a 8glorifi$ reptile40 ,!re is simil>ity ( /ructure1 b ! bird class is n desc5d$ f ! reptile class4 ,! backbon$ animals are divid$ into ! class ( ! fi%es2 ! amphibians2 ! sauropsida1 or class conta9+ birds & reptiles1 :i* y see are put toge!r2 & ! highe/ class ( all--! mammalians--to :i* we ourselves belong4 ,"s ye>s ago x 0 usual to class toge!r z 8f\r-legg$ creatures t lay eggs10 all turtles1 tortoises1 newts1 salam&]s1 snakes1 toads1 frogs1 liz>ds1 & crocodiles4 ,! great naturali/1 ,l9nu1 nam$ all ^! creatures amphibia1 because !y c live ) equal ease 9 ! wat] or on ! l&4 ,aft] ?is "s ( ! ,fr5* naturali/s conclud$ t ! creep+ me?od ( locomotion ( ^! animals 0 a m g5]al *>act]i/ic ?an _! amphibi\s habit1 & call$ !m reptiles1 or crawl+ creatures4 ,b z ^! animals h be5 m closely /udi$1 wid] diff]5ces h be5 not$ betwe5 !m1 & ! toads1 frogs1 newts1 & salam&]s h be5 set 9 a class by !mselves4 ,! /udy ( ne>ly all =ms ( life has two bran*es1 ! inve/igation ( liv+ objects1 & ! simil> inve/igation & classification ( fossil specim5s4 ,?us ! /udy ( fi%es embraces n only ! exam9ation ( ^? species n[ to be f\nd 9 ! wat]s ( ! _w1 b ( ! fossil fi% f\nd :ole or 9 p>ts1 9 ! treasure-h\se ( ! rocks1 & ^! fossil fi% h v num]\s v>ieties4 ,botany also reg>ds n only plants n[ gr[+1 b ! v>ieties :i* h become ext9ct1 dur+ ! five e>li] e>?-build+ p]iods4 ,( ! t5 ord]s into :i* x is common among sci5ti/s to divide reptiles1 five are n[ ext9ct1 & rema9 to u only z fossils4 ,b s le>n$ & accurate d "s ard5t /ud5ts ( fossil rema9s become1 t f only a s+le bone1 too?1 or scale1 !y are able to decide to :at class & family ! creature ( :i* x 0 a "p belong$1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t ! creature itself has become kn[n4 ,no anci5t creature seems to h accommodat$ itself m closely to its circum/ances ?an ! reptile4 ,x appe>$ to be equally at home 9 ! wat]1 on l&1 or 9 ! air2 x ate fi%1 fle%1 & vegetables2 walk$ on two legs1 or crawl$ on f\r4 ,! bip$ l& reptile _h _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! pres5t kang>oo2 ! bat reptile _h _m ( ! qualities ( a bird2 & ! sea reptile 0 probably m l a :ale ?an a fi%4 ,9 fact ! reptile seems to h be5 z complaisant z ,polonius ! c\rti]-fri5d ( ,pr9ce ,hamlet 9 ,%akespe>e's play4 ,let u n[ write out a little table = ref]5ce1 %[+ ! improv+ scale ( life 9 plants & animals1 f _! fir/ appe>ance until ! reptiles came4 ,,animals4 ,amoeba4 ,=am9if]a4 ,cru/aceans4 ,polyps4 ,mollusks4 ,fi%es4 ,amphibia4 ,reptiles4 ,cr9oids4 ,spid]s4 ,scorpions4 ,dragon-flies4 ,cockroa*es4 ,kang>oo-rats4 ,,plants4 ,sea-we$s4 ,mosses4 ,f]ns4 ,re$s4 ,p9es4 ,cycads4 ,! amphibia & reptiles br\ght into ! _w n only ^? fam\s backbones1 b lungs & noses4 ,! amphibia _h at fir/ gills & lung-sacs1 b ! reptiles _h true lungs & drew air ?r\gh _! no/rils4 ,try x3 draw 9 y\r brea? & fill y\r lungs until y\r *e/ rises & exp&s2 n[ brea! x =? aga94 ,v simple t1 d y say8 ,s x seems2 x is v common n[-a-days1 b !re 7 _m ages :5 n a liv+ creature _h a pair ( lungs & a pair ( no/rils1 :5 su* brea?+ app>atus w\ld h be5 a m>vell\s affair4 ,^! reptiles introduc$ a br&-new fa%ion4 ,ea* advanc+ age 0 ri*] 9 bo? flora & fauna ?an ! ages t _h prec$$ x1 because ! soil1 climate1 & atmosph]e ( ! e>? became m & m favorable to bo? animal & vegetable exi/5ce4 ,no?+ 9 all ?is succession liv$ or di$ 9 va94 ,! plants fre$ ! air ( c>bon & enri*$ x ) oxyg52#da ! decay ( animal & vegetable matt] increas$ & enri*$ ! soil4 ,,footnotes3 #da ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lessons #f1 #g4 ,,lesson ,,xix4 ,,! ,,birds ,,( ,,o!r ,,days4 8,?y flitt+ =m comes gho/ly dim & pale1 ,z driv5 by a beat+ /orm at sea2 ,?y cry is weak & sc>$1 z if ?y mates _h %>$ ,! doom ( u3 ?y wail--:at does x br+ to me80 --,,dana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,fa%ions ,,9 ,,fea!rs4 ,x 0 an (t5-repeat$ say+ ( ! great ,l9nu t 8,nature nev] makes a leap40 ,by ?is he meant t ! law ( nature is a law ( gradations1 & t 9 ! long up-gr[? ( organisms1 ! /eps are %ort betwe5 ! v>i\s classes ( liv+ ?+s4 ,! "w ( creation is h>moni\s1 & moves f "o grade ( organization to ano!r1 ) ! easy transition ( c>efully %ad$ colors1 or ! asc5t ( ! scale f note to note4 ,b ?is creative h>mony began v long ago1 & 9 ! innum]able ages :i* h roll$ by ) _! tra9 ( liv+ ?+s1 _m types h be5 lo/4 ,en\gh rema9 to fill u ) wond] & admiration1 :5 we see h[ ! organism ( "o creature has be5 *ang$ & adapt$ 9 "s o!r succe$+ animal4 ,we quot$ 9 ! la/ lesson ! rem>k1 8a bird is b a glorifi$ reptile02 &1 f> ap>t 9 type z we might at fir/ glance consid] an eagle & a crocodile1 or a liz>d & a dove1 x is n v difficult to trace1 by ! help ( fossil =ms1 ! simil>ity ( organism & ! /eps 9 ! process ( *ange4 ,reptiles & birds belong to ! class v]tebrates2 ! backbone is !n ! fir/ di/+ui%+ feature4 ,9 ! reptile1 ! sp9al column ) well-def9$ v]tebr passes f ! head to ! tail4#db ,9 ! bird we f9d ! v]tebr ( ! neck well m>k$1 & m num]\s ?an 9 ! reptile2 ! %\ld]-plates1 brea/-bone & hip-bones are l>gely develop$1 =m+ ! box-l body ( ! bird1 & embrac+ ! backbone4 ,9 a simil> fa%ion we (t5 f9d c]ta9 insects 9 :i* "o ( ! r+s ( :i* ! jo9t$ body is compos$ is develop$ f> m ?an any ( ! o!rs4 ,9 ! tail ( ! bird1 we f9d ! v]tebr flatt5$ & cr[d$ toge!r into a triangul> /ump1 :ile ! tail ( ! reptile is ext5d$1 po9t$1 & supple4 ,! reptile has f\r limbs2 9 ! bird ! two front limbs--! h&s ( ! reptile--are *ang$ to w+s4 ,! long-too!d jaws ( ! reptile become ! horny beak ( ! bird4 ,! reptile has scales & ! bird has fea!rs1 b !re are spots on ! reptile b>e ( scales1 & on ! bird b>e ( fea!rs4#dc ,! sea _h its inhabitants long be=e ! l& 0 populat$1 & ! fir/ v]tebrates1 ! fi%1 7 citiz5s ( ! sea4 ,be=e ! e>lie/ reptiles came1 !re 7 amphibians1 :i* liv$ m readily 9 ! wat] ?an on ! l&2 !n foll[$ l& reptiles1 & f9ally fly+ reptiles4 ,9 l mann]1 ! fir/ birds 7 *iefly aquatic or swimm+ birds2 !n came huge1 unwieldy walk+ birds1 & f9ally fly+ birds4 ,! e>lie/ birds also dim9i% ! di/ance betwe5 !mselves & ! reptiles1 by ! possession ( tee?4 ,9 reg>d to fea!rs1 we f9d t ! plumage ( ! fir/ birds 0 co>se & scanty1 & consi/$ *iefly ( quill fea!rs4 ,! legs ( all birds are cov]$ ) true scales su* z ! reptiles h4#dd ,:5 we look at ! reptile & ! bird1 ! diff]5ces t seem mo/ />tl+ are betwe5 ! w+s ( ! bird & ! =e-feet ( ! reptile1 & betwe5 ! scales ( ! reptile & ! fea!rs ( ! bird4 ,:5 we f9d ! fossil =m ( "o ( ! fir/ fly+ creatures1 we see t ! huge w+s 7 made ( p>*m5t-l sk91 /ret*$ ^u ! arm & f\r? f+]1 :i* ext5d$ 9 claws 9 front ( ! membrane4 ,if we exam9e t curi\s fly+ mammal1 ! bat1 we %all see a simil> con/ruction1 "o f+] ( ! bat's =e-leg ext5d+ beyond ! w+ into a hook$ claw1 by :i* x c hang itself up = re/1 or ^u :i* x c walk1 go+ on all f\rs1 9 a clumsy fa%ion4 ,n[1 if we take ! bones ( a bird's w+1 we %all f9d t x has a l>ge1 ?ick upp] bone1 correspond+ to ! upp] bone 9 our own arm2 !n ! next section has two small] bones1 "o slightly curv$ & "o /raight1 to mat* ! bones 9 our arm f ! elb[ to ! wri/2 & !n 9 t small1 po9t$ fir/ section1 we f9d ?ree f+]-bones4 ,if we lay all ^! bones 9 _! ord] we %all f9d a v good arm & h&4 ,b n[ take ^! bones & con/ruct f !m a leg1 & we %all notice t any arm is a modifi$ & r$uc$ leg4 ,9 ne>ly all animals ! =e-legs are small] & m symmetrical ?an ! h9d-legs4 ,9 ! reptile family ! =e-leg looks v l an arm & h&4 ,to return to ! case ( ! bird & ! reptile1 we f9d t ! fir/ bird-l fly+ creatures1 7 n birds b reptiles ( a bat-l con/ruction2 :ile ! fir/ bip$ creatures1 suppos$ f _! footpr9ts to be birds1 7 n birds b bip$ reptiles4 ,an enorm\s space ( "t sep>at$ bip$ reptiles f real birds4 ,! rema9s ( ! e>lie/ birds seem to h be5 less well circum/anc$ = pres]vation ?an ^? ( o!r animals1 = v few are f\nd2 & ( ! fir/ animal t c really be call$ a bird1 = _m ye>s only "p ( a s+le specim51 & t lack+ ne>ly all ! head & brea/-bone1 0 kn[n4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 ( ! specim5 rema9$ /amp$ on ! ,bav>ian slate to %[ t ?is _h be5 a fea!r$ fly+ creature1 ) two sl5d] legs1 & feet suitable = p]*+ ^u trees4 ,x 0 ( ab\t ! size ( a cr[1 & _h a v s+ul> tail4 ,?is tail 0 long & =m$ ( ext5d$ v]tebr l ! tail ( a liz>d1 & f e jo9t grew a pair ( l>ge quill fea!rs4 ,su* a tail mu/ h greatly h9d]$ ! creature's flight1 & 9 fact 9 ! _m ye>s t pass$ be=e ! exi/5ce ( ! next birds ( :i* fossil =ms rema91 a new fa%ion ( tails _h come 92 ! huge c\rt-tra9 _h vani%$1 & birds appe>$ ) ! closely cr[d$ v]tebr ( ! tail1 only suffici5t to support ! tail fea!rs4 ,b ! pr9t on ,bav>ian slate is n ! only fossil ( our long-tail$ bird ( e>ly days4 ,a fea!r 0 also f\nd impr9t$ on /one1 & !n ab\t #ahhj1 a v complete specim51 %[+ t ! jaws _h tee?1 & t ! bird _h claws4 8,a fe>some f[l1 surely60 ,! bird next f\nd 0 aquatic1 ab\t ! size ( ! ne>ly ext9ct p5gu91 b w+less4 ,9 ! *alk %ale ( ,kansas1 birds ( ! size ( pigeons1 ) %ort w+s1 b especially rem>kable = hav+ tee? 9 ! old reptile fa%ion1 h be5 f\nd4 ,mod]n birds h lo/ _! tee?1 f9d+ x m conv5i5t to dep5d ^u gizz>ds = cru%+ _! food6 ,a bird v ne>ly ! size ( a swan has be5 tak5 f ! ,new ,j]sey m>l4 ,x is only :5 ! fir/ age ( ! la/ _w-build+ p]iod op5$1 t we f9d a huge bird z l>ge z an o/ri*4 ,?is bird 0 n alone z a giant ( ! race2 !re seem to h be5 o!r species1 too bulky to fly1 b able to swim1 & no d\bt capable ( runn+ swiftly on l&1 aid$ by ! r[+ motion ( _! w+s4 ,z ! ages move on1 m birds appe>1 hav+ aff9ities ) yet exi/+ types4 ,9 "s1 ! jaws _h bony po9ts & s]rat$ edges1 %[+ t ! birds 7 fi%-eat]s1 aquatic 9 _! habits1 & possess$ ( webb$ feet4 ,birds alli$ to ! gulls & k+fi%]s 7 num]\s1 & %ortly aft] !m came specim5s ( ! flam+o tribe2 & /ill we see t ! aquatic birds1 ! birds t _h _! liv+ f ! all-b\ntiful sea1 7 mo/ num]\s4 ,x mu/ n be conclud$ t ( all ^! birds p]fect specim5s h be5 f\nd4 ,9 "s cases eggs1 fea!rs1 ne/s1 footpr9ts1 or /ray bones h be5 ! only traces4 ,! ext9ct bird frequ5tly has _h to be recon/ruct$ f small portions ( its body4 ,ea* succe$+ age ( ! la/ _w-build+ p]iod has produc$ new birds4 ,9 ,france ! /rata f ! fir/ age ( ?is p]iod h yield$ _m species4 ,! anci5t b$s ( lakes h be5 especially ri* 9 bird rema9s1 z ly+ 9 ! undi/urb$ ooze1 ! fragile bodies 7 less expos$ to de/ruction4 ,v _m ( ^! birds ( anci5t days repres5t$ =ms n[ liv+1--z b>n-y>d f[ls1 /orks1 woodcock1 cr[s1 & falcons4 ,possibly ! birds 7 n m num]\s 9 ! ,mioc5e ?an 9 ! succe$+ age1 b its num]\s lake b$s1 & o!r circum/ances may h be5 m favorable to ! pres]vation ( ! rema9s4 ,a great _m fossil birds & rema9s ( birds h be5 f\nd 9 ! caves ( ! succe$+ eras4 ,_m v>ieties ( birds are /ill giv5 to inhabit+ caves1 or any quiet & %ady place4 ,no d\bt 8! temple haunt+ m>tlet0 haunt$ caves be=e temples 7 built1 & swall[s t n[ multiply 9 *imneys & eaves mu/ h gone = %elt] to ! crevices ( ! rocks 9 ages be=e m5 display$ ar*itectural tal5t4 ,?us ! caves ( ! anci5t _w _h num]\s bird inhabitants1 :ile ! captur$ bodies ( birds 7 no d\bt c>ri$ to _! cave-d5s by c>nivor\s animals4 ,! division ( 8sub-fossil birds0 embraces birds t h exi/$ dur+ ! human p]iod1 b h n[ disappe>$4 ,9 :at are call$ ! 8kit*5-midd5s0#de ( ,d5m>k1 & 9 ! lake dwell+s ( ,switz]l&1 9 rec5t f5s & peat mosses1 & 9 v>i\s isl&s1 z ,madagasc>1 ,new ,zeal&1 & ! ,can>ies1 ! rema9s ( ! great auk1 ! cap]callzie1 ! dodo1 ! cre/$ p>rot1 & 9 ,new ,zeal& ! huge d9ornis h be5 f\nd4 ,)9 ! hi/oric p]iod v>i\s o!r birds h be5 ext]m9at$1 & are n[ repres5t$ only by anci5t draw+s1 /uff$ sk9s1 or relics ( _! ne/s & eggs4#df ,,footnotes3 #db ,^! diff]5tial *>act]i/ics apply only to exi/+ species ( birds & reptiles4 #dc ,see ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lessons #bh-cj4 #dd ,?is adaptation does n indicate any desc5t ( ! bird f ! reptile4 #de ,! ^w means 8kit*5 refuse heap0 & is appli$ to %ell-heaps m+l$ ) bones1 f\nd along %ores & recogniz$ z traces ( anci5t human habitations4 #df ,see ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lesson #ci4 ,,lesson ,,xx4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,mammals4 8',tis !re ! ott] dives1 ! beav] fe$s1 ,:]e p5sive osi]s dip _! will[y we$s1 ,& !re ! wild-cat purrs amid h] brood1 ,& tra9s !m 9 ! sylvan solitude1 ,to wat* ! squirrels leap1 or m>k ! m9k ,paddl+ ! wat] by ! quiet br9k40 --,,bra9>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,companions ,,& ,,fri5ds4 ,! la/ n9e lessons h be5 occupi$ ) brief descriptions ( "s ( ! fauna ( ! fir/ five _w-build+ p]iods4 ,a k ( ^! e>ly =ms ( life is n only pleas+ 9 itself1 b valuable1 z giv+ u cle>] ideas ( ! pa/ ages1 & because ! animals & plants t !n exi/$ h a close relation%ip to ^? ( our own day4 ,! e>lie/ animals describ$ 7 ! =am9if]a1 f :i* class we h our mo/ anci5t fossils4 ,we might inf] f ?is fact t ! =am9if]a 7 ! fir/ =ms ( animal life4 ,b no2 ev5 ^! _h pr$ecessors1 b ( gr\ps f :i* no fossils rema94 ,! =am9if]a1 m9ute z !y 71 _h %ells4 ,!re is no d\bt t !y 7 prec$$ 9 ! scale ( creation by t9y creatures )\t %ells1 creatures t ) nei!r arms nor legs1 heads nor /oma*s1 yet c\ld provide !mselves ) arms 9 an em]g5cy1 & 7 all m\? & /oma*4 ,su* an animal has be5 nam$ a proteus f its con/ant *anges ( %ape1 ,proteus 9 ! classic fable be+ a sea-god :o 0 con/antly *ang+ 8 =m4 ,! amba1 or proteus1 belong$ to ! class protozoa1 & may be describ$ z a m9ute drop ( a jelly-l sub/ance1 nev] at re/1 b ceaselessly *ang+ its %ape4 ,imag9e su* a p>ticle ( jelly held susp5d$ 9 a glass ( wat]4 ,n[ x seems to ext5d or p\r itself out on "o side1 into :at we may call an arm1 because x is rea*+ = an atom ( food4 ,?is ext5d$ portion is drawn back1 & :5ev] x returns into ! drop1 !re ! food is receiv$ & dige/$4 ,!re=e we say ! amba is all m\? & all /oma*1 because x c receive & dige/ food 9 any "p ( its sub/ance4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! protozoa 0 probably a jelly-l drop compos$ ( a s+le cell4 ,sometimes a numb] ( ^! cells1 or individuals1 clung toge!r 9 a loosely unit$ mass or community4 ,:5 a new individual 0 =m$ ! process 0 by 8budd+10 ! s+le cell becom+ two1 divid+ & p>t+1 s t ea* individual 0 complete 9 itself2 & :i* 0 ! new "o1 & :i* 0 ! old "o1 or :e!r bo? 7 "p new & "p old1 c]ta9ly !y !mselves did n "k4 ,p>allel ) ?is gr\p ( "o-cell$ jelly-l animals1 0 a gr\p ( "o-cell$ jelly-l plants4 ,ea* ( ^! gr\ps /ood at ! beg9n+ ( a great & con/antly asc5d+ s]ies2 ! two gr\ps 7 diff]5t 9 _! nature & 9 _! me?od ( nutrition1 yet ea* s l ! o!r1 t x is v difficult to di/+ui% !m4 ,?us :5 we consid] ! dawn ( life we mu/ put ! %elless protozoa ages back be=e ! busy %ell-h\s$ =am9if]a4 ,yet 9 s plac+ ! %elless amb we mu/ n fancy !m ext9ct4 ,by no means3 9 myriad millions !y /ill exi/1 & h ?r\gh all ! ages1 & !re is no pond to-day t has n its re/less kaleidoscopic repres5tatives ( life's l[e/ grade4 ,x 0 a long1 long j\rney f ?is =mless speck ( jelly to ! highe/ grade ( life--! mammalian =m2 & up ?is long asc5t1 conduct$ on a def9ite plan1 life mov$ )\t falt]+ or contradictions4 ,let u !n 9 our la/ look at vani%$ fauna1 reg>d "s ( ! fossil rema9s ( t cr[n+ class ( animal life at ! head ( :i* /&s man--8,"t's noble/ (fspr+ & ! la/40 ,our k ( ! e>lie/ mammals is v incomplete1 & is con/antly *ang+1 z ! discov]y ( new b$s ( fossils %[s to u new =ms1 & supplies new in=mation conc]n+ _! relation%ips4 ,! mammals 7 late 9 _! arrival ^u ! e>?4 ,!y c\ld af=d to wait1 = !y _h come to /ay & to possess ! k+dom ( nature4 ,! fir/ mammals liv$ 9 ! fir/ age ( ! ,reptilian "t4 ,!y 7 ne>ly ! size ( l>ge rats or squirrels1 & curi\sly en\gh _! tee? & jawbones are ! portions ( _! bodies :i* h surviv$ decay to tell _! /ory4 ,! tee? ( mammals diff] 9 con/ruction f ! tee? ( all o!r animals1 & ?us if only "o s+le too? is f\nd we may be sure t x is a "p ( a mammalian creature2 &1 be+ a mammal1 we "k c]ta9 facts 9 reg>d to x1 z = in/ance t x 0 born alive1#dg & :ile "y 0 c>$ = & suckl$ by its "m4 ,:5 ! tee? are mol>1 or gr9d+ tee?1 we "k t ! animal liv$ on gra9 or h]bs--& ?us f ! =mation we may decide t x 0 a graz+ animal2 %>p-po9t$ can9e1 or dog-l tee?1 %[ a meat-eat+ animal1 a hunt+1 fle%-seek+ creature2 worn tee?1 tee? ) ! enamel gr\nd d[n1 tell u t ! animal 0 old4 ,among ! tee? f\nd1 "s sugge/ mammals t liv$ on insects1 fruit1 & roots1 & "s tee? f\nd 9 ! anci5t rocks are v l ^? ( ! kang>oo rat2 s t by obs]v+ ! pres5t animals ( ?is type1 we c 9 g5]al arrive at ! habits ( ^! long ext9ct creatures4 ,probably ! rat & squirrel families1 capable ( liv+ on roots & nuts1 & small en\gh to hide 9 crevices1 9 decay$ trees1 & "u /umps1 :]e ! l>ge reptiles c\ld n foll[ to de/roy !m1 7 ! e>lie/ mammalian =ms4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t ! rocks ( ! ,*alk age1 ! la/ era ( ! "t be=e ! la/ _w-build+ p]iod1 h af=d$ no fossil mammals4 ,?is is evid5tly n because !re 7 no mammals 9 t age ( ! _w2 = ! rocks ( ! succe$+ p]iods h yield$ abundant =ms ( _m species1 %[+ t mammals _h ext5d$1 multipli$1 & improv$ exce$+ly4 ,ei!r ! circum/ances ( ! close ( ?is age 7 n favorable to ! pres]vation ( su* rema9s1 or !re are 9 ! *alk rocks fossils :i* w yet be f\nd4 ,9 ! e>li] ages ( ! pres5t or la/ build+-"t1 ! mammals 7 n only num]\s1 b f> exce$$ 9 size any n[ exi/+4 ,inde$1 x seems t z ! type improv$ ! m bulky =ms pass$ away2 ! high] animals be+ less unwieldy4 ,/ill ?is sugge/ion mu/ at once be met by exceptions3 = 9 ! case ( ! horse1 z ! model improv$1 ! size ( ! animal con/antly increas$4 ,! mammals _h f9ally become _w-ma/]s1 & be=e !m ! gigantic reptiles p]i%$4 ,= a "t mammals & reptiles ( equally /up5d\s proportions seem$ to face ea* o!r1 b ! new type ga9$ ! victory ov] ! old4 ,! mammals1 z well z ! reptiles1 _h ! faculty ( adaptation2 !y seem$ suit$ to a wide v>iety ( conditions4 ,!y f$ on fi%1 fle%1 h]bs1 fruits1 & f[l4 ,"s ( !m _h b>e t\gh sk9s2 o!rs wore long scanty hair2 o!rs aga9 7 clad 9 fur1 or heavy wool4 ,"s ( !m burr[$ 9 ! gr\nd2 "s liv$ 9 caves & d5s2 "s 7 tree dwell]s1 or arboreal2 o!rs w&]$ ov] wide savannahs or 9 ! =e/s1 c>eless ( o!r %elt] ?an trees or re$y jungles4 ,next aft] ! rat-l families came a tribe ( insect-eat+ creatures l ! pres5t ant-eat]s1 b f> exce$+ !m 9 size1 "s ( !m be+ ne>ly z l>ge z a rh9oc]os4 ,! mylodon 0 a fruit-eat] & s l>ge & /rong t x 0 able to te> d[n ! trees :i* bore ! fruit x covet$2 c]ta9ly a de/ructive fa%ion ( fruit-ga!r+1 prov+ ! mylodon mu* m b>b>\s ?an a ,s>ac54#dh ,meantime1 :ile ^! mammals fl\ri%$ on ! l& !re 7 num]\s o!rs 9 ! sea1 & ^! ( a v l>ge size1 al?\gh no fossils h yet %[n t ! sea-mammals prec$$ ^? ( ! l&4 ,! :ales & ! sir5s seem to h appe>$ _m ye>s ago1 & h s9ce cont9u$4 ,enorm\s armadillos1 cov]$ ) mail & v l ! tortoise family ( reptiles1 m>*$ ab\t ! woods or sunn$ !mselves ^u ! %ores4 ,:5 twilight settl$ ov] ! anci5t woods & savannahs ! mammals ( ! air came =?1 & bats flew zigzagg+ ab\t1 hunt+ aft] insects or little birds4 ,! bone-caves ( ! age be=e man came h abundant bones ( mammals2 bones :i* repres5t ! pursu]s & ! pursu$1 hunt]s & hunt$1--"s ! relics ( ! meat-eat+1 hunt+ bea/s1 & "s1 ! gnaw$ rema9s ( _! prey4 ,among ! v]tebrate vegetable-eat+ animals we note ! elephant1 ! great woolly elephant n[ ext9ct1 & ! mighty mammo?1 kn[n only by its rema9s1 yet v well kn[n1 because ! froz5 mud ( ,sib]ia has pres]v$ = u ! entire animal1 ev5 to its eye-balls4 ,we h 9 ano!r lesson indicat$ ! life hi/ory ( ! horse-l animals :i* belong$ to ^! successive p]iods4 ,!re 7 also _m families relat$ to ! tapirs1 de]1 be>s1 & musk-ox5 ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 fact ! majority ( ! mammalian =ms ( ! e>li] ages h _! modifi$ repres5tatives 9 ! pres5t age2 :ile o!rs1 z ! ma/odon & _m m1 h made way = m mod]n families & are kn[n only by fossil rema9s4 ,! ,ice p]iod no d\bt made a great *ange 9 ! fauna ( ! globe4 ,dur+ its desolation & cold _m families ( animals p]i%$4 ,o!r creatures *ang$ _! homes1 migrat+ f ! =m]ly temp]ate pol> regions to ! tropics1 retreat+ to w>m] latitudes z ! ice-%eet advanc$4 ,"s ( ! c>nivora especially 7 capable ( resi/+ ! cold by increas+ ! ?ickness ( _! coats2 b animals dep5d5t ^u a vegetable diet mu/ ei!r p]i% ) ! flora ( ! regions !y inhabit$1 or foll[ ! *ang$ l9es ( vegetable gr[?1 z ! nor!rly plants p]i%$ & vegetation fl\ri%$ only 9 ! w>m s\!rly l&s4 ,! la/ ( ! mammals to appe> 9 ! brute creation 7 ! quadrumana or monkey tribe1 :i* hold ! highe/ place 9 ! brute creation4 ,,footnotes3 #dg ,a lat] lesson w describe a mammal t comes f an egg6 #dh ,! ,mohamm$an soldi]s 7 =bidd5 to de/roy fruit trees4 ,,lesson ,,xxi4 ,a ,,v ,,old ,,family4 8',twas :5 ! _w 0 9 its prime1 ,:5 ! fre% />s _h j begun ,_! race ( glory1 & "y ,"t ,told 8 fir/ bir?-days by ! sun40 --,,moore4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anci5t ,,ari/ocracy4 ,"o ,june morn+ ,i 0 sitt+ by ! ocean4 ,! tide 0 out & 0 unusually l[1 lay+ b>e b$s ( s& t 7 seldom uncov]$4 ,! /one on :i* ,i sat _h be5 dri$ by breeze & sun1 b liv+ b>nacles frett$ its sides1 & wet bladd]-we$ drap$ its edges1 indicat+ t usually ! wat]s fl[$ above x4 ,a little f>!r out1 a multitude ( small black sea-snails lay1 ea* ) tightly clos$ op]culum to reta9 moi/ure suffici5t until ! sea return$2 b n[ & !n "s few crawl$ to a m favorable position2 & "h & !re a pale p9k foot %od ) a little black %oe rea*$ =?1 & tak+ hold ^u ! s& ! creature pull$ itself ov] by a muscul> contraction4 ,ne> me on ! "r ! s& disappe>$ "u a b$ ( d>k ooze2 = "h 0 ! m\? ( an inlet1 & twice ea* day ! tide hurry+ back ?r\gh its intricacies br\ght black mud f ! m>%es to deposit ^u ! bea*4 ,9 ?is lay] ( pa/y soil ,i pres5tly discov]$ a track v l :at we call 8ladd] footpr9ts0 9 fossils4 ,!re 7 num]\s holes z if made by "s slim1 %>p in/rum5t1 & on ea* side a furr[4 ,i rose & trac$ ?is track until x disappe>$ "u a fre% deposit ( mud4 ,z ,i turn$ seaw>d aga9 ,i saw at ! edge ( ! wat] a d>k-br[n %9+ object ov] a foot 9 diamet]1 ) r\nd$ front & convex surface1 mov+ labori\sly along ! slime4 ,aft] x _h travell$ "s y>ds f ! wat] to a place :]e ! mud-bank ov]laid ! s& by two or ?ree feet1 ! creature came to a pause & pres5tly began to disappe>4 ,! l>ge1 r\nd$ %ield ent]$ pl[-l into ! mud-bank1 sank l[] & l[]1 & !n ! triangul> h9d] %ield vani%$1 & f9ally ! long spik$ tail4 ,?is animal 0 a limulus1 or horse%oe crab1 & he 0 n[ pl[+ 8 way ab\t 9 ! mud1 seek+ = 8 d9n]4 ,! previ\s day ! tide _h be5 v high1 & ,i knew t 9 ! high tides ( ,june ! female limulus comes up to lay h] eggs on ! m>g9 ( ! s&4 ,i fur!r reflect$ t num]\s b\ld]s & small %>p rocks 7 /rewn along ?is coa/1 & t ! high tide _h be5 accompani$ by a viol5t w9d4 ,f ^! facts ,i conclud$ t ,i might f9d a dead limulus among ! rubbi% at high-wat] m>k4 ,at ! summit ( ! bea* 0 a long swa? ( sea-we$1 empty & brok5 %ells1 bits ( wood1 & ! flotsam t is ca/ up by ! sea4 ,all ?is dbris 0 dry atop1 b ?or\ghly wet a few in*es bel[ ! surface1 & !re 8bea* fleas0 7 hopp+ actively1 & scallop %ells lay tightly clos$1 & c]ta9 hapless cru/aceans 7 on _! backs entangl$4 ,be+ sorry = ^! poor creatures1 likely to die long be=e ! lagg+ tide return$ = !m1 ,i sp5t "s m9utes 9 fl++ back into ! wat] ! scallops & crabs :i* _h be5 ca/ out4 ,z ,i pursu$ ^! b5evol5t labors1 ,i saw 9 ! wreck heap1 ! long1 spik$1 s]rat$ tail indicat+ a limulus1 or horse%oe1 or k+ crab4 ,remov+ ! rubbi% ,i dis5tomb$ a limulus1 full tw5ty in*es across ! wide/ "p ( ! %ield1 & t %ield s h>d & ?ick & d>k1 t x resembl$ a piece ( %eet iron r ?an a portion ( an animal4 ,b h>d z x 01 "s wave fl++ x ^u a %>p rock _h wr\ght its de/ruction1 & a l>ge break on "o side told h[ ,madame ,limulus _h p]i%$4 ,! animal 0 rem>kably heavy1 b dragg+ x to my rock1 ,i made x ! !me ( my m$itation4 ,:at anci5t family ( humans 9 all ?is _w1 ,mi/ress ,limulus1 b is mod]n z ! la/ new fa%ion1 comp>$ ) y\r ho>y antiquity ( l9eage8 ,mongol or ,h9doo1 ,russian or ,s>ac51 ,emp]or ( ,au/ria or ,k+ ( ,italy1 :o ( !m c c\nt gr&fa!rs ) y8 ,comp>$ to y all ,adam's l9e are b ( ye/]day4 ,if y _h be5 a reason+ be+1 & capable ( h&+ d[n traditions1 all ! lore ( all ! ages might n[ be hidd5 "u t va/ head-%ield4 ,limulus1 or horse%oe crab1 or k+ crab1 :i*ev] y pref] to be call$1 d y "k t ! la/ age ( y\r race has come1 & y are be>+ d[n on ext9ction8 ,! seas ( ,*9a & ,japan1 & ?is anci5t ea/]n coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 /ill *]i% y & y\r relatives2 b ! hapless =tunes ( ! times1 ! elem5ts1 & man ! pitiless1 h doom$ y1 & soon ! day w come :5 n a limulus ( y all w survive1 except 9 ! cases ( museums4 ,! doom ( y\r old-"t1 f>-(f c\s9s1 ! trilobites1 is ^u y4 ,let me trace y back to y\r orig92 = ! rocks1 m fai?ful ?an y\r dull & imp]fect bra9-cell1 hold y\r hi/ory4 ,v mode/ly1 z if hesitat+ :e!r y w\ld be ent]ta9$ 9 ! _w's great ho/elry1 "o small & insignificant species ( y\r race arriv$ 9 ! ,upp] ,silurian age4 ,y f\nd ! seas w>m1 ! sun%9e temp]$ by vapors1 ! /one lilies :ite z t !n unkn[n ?+1 sn[2 ! coral polyps l ra9b[s %imm]$ 9 ! wat]s4 ,y ate1 swam1 & 7 happy4 ,y ?rove2 y liv$ unobs]v$ ?r\gh ,devonian days1 &1 ah1 :at va/ mud b$s1 black ) ! decay ( moss & f]ns1 await$ y 9 ! ,coal p]iod6 ,sev5 species m came into y\r enl>g+ race1 b y 7 humble /ill1 & rema9$ small & unobtrusive1 le/ "s va/ reptile %\ld end y\r family l9e 9 8 capaci\s maw4 ,"o ( y\r species1 h[ev]1 seiz$ ) ambition1 develop$ beyond all ! re/1 & "h 9 ,am]ica grew into ! size & %ape y we> to-day4 ,=tune favor$ ! bold1 & ! ent]pris+ ,yankee limulus /&s at ! head ( y\r tribes until n[4 ,back !re 9 ! ,coal p]iod y\r family 7 mo/ ( !m weak1 & wore ! =m n ( adult k+ crabs1 b ( l>v1 ) all ! segm5ts ( ! h9d] %ield free ( ea* o!r2 & t brave tail 0 b a rudim5t>y ?orn4 ,p]haps ?is v humility1 int5se z t ( ,uriah ,heep1 has eng9e]$ y ?r\gh ! convulsions ( ! ages1 to be ! fell[ citiz5s1 & alas6 ! victims ( ! human race4 ,b n[ ! anatomy r ?an ! hi/ory ( my limulus attracts me4 ,"o ( ! r+$ creatures y are1 ,o crab1 b y\r fir/ r+ has become enorm\sly develop$ into ! va/ head %ield ) r\nd$ front & beautifully bevell$ edge1 sweep+ back into %>p & sp9y corn]s1 :i*1 dragg+ ^u ! s& or mud1 make ! furr[ on ea* side ( y\r footpr9ts4 ,"h is ?is h9d] %ield1 a rude triangle ) ! apex cut out to admit ! ins]tion ( ! great tail2 & ?is triangul> %ield is also made ( r+s1 b !y h gr[n toge!r into "o s+le piece4 ,/ill we c c\nt !m f ! free1 horny po9ts4 ,?is sword-=m$ tail1 my limulus1 did n belong to y :51 fir/ free ( ! egg-case1 y sport$ 9 ! wat]4 ,x appe>$ only at y\r second m\lt4 ,9 ?is y 7 l y\r prog5itors ( ! ,coal p]iod1 :o wore no tails2 tails be+ !n1 no d\bt1 ! royal insignia ( ! reign+ l9e ( reptiles1 ^u :i* mean] animals might n v5ture4 ,y\r eyes are fitt$ into y\r head %ield1 & s are well protect$4 ,let me turn y ov] & look at y\r feet4 ,?is great head %ield x appe>s1 h\ses n only y\r eyes1 b all y\r walk+ & eat+ app>atus1 :i* seem to be closely connect$4 ,:5 y 7 9 ! l>val /ate y c\ld d\ble "u ! r+s ( y\r h9d] %ield1 :i* !n 7 n sold]$ toge!r1 s t y 7 neatly encas$1 & h[ safe y 76 ,y\r legs are wondr\s small = y\r size1 &1 ,o s+ul> creature1 y use n only y\r legs1 b y\r h&s & y\r ant5n & y\r maxill>s = walk+4 ,& :at is ?is8 ,at ! base ( !m all y h jaws4 ,s away y travel on y\r num]\s limbs1 & :i*ev] lucky memb] f9ds a morsel ( food1 behold a pair ( jaws "r at its base to dev\r x6 ,!re=e are y rightly nam$ a 8m\?-foot$0 creature4 ,!re are c]ta9 mollusks ) heads1 :i* also h _! heads & m\?s & /oma* 9 _! feet4 ,we hope1 meet+ !m 9 ! ocean1 y d n hold y\rself sup]ior to !m1 = !y are ( l9eage yet m anci5t ?an y\r own4 ,ye/]day1 ,madame ,limulus1 y met y\r dea? z y came up ! bea* heavily lad5 ) eggs1 :i* y int5d$ to deposit 9 ! s&4 ,if ,i /ate t a million ( eggs n[ lie "u y\r enorm\s %ield1 ,i d n ?9k ,i %all ov]-e/imate ! numb]4 ,y meant1 z = _m ye>s pa/ y h done twice ea* ye>1 to come ne> high-wat] m>k & place y\r eggs 9 ! s&1 :]e twice daily1 z ! tide 0 l[1 ! heat ( ! sun w\ld /rike ! eggs & w>m !m into life4 ,:at 0 y\r own infant exp]i5ce1 my limulus8 ,fifty days1 or sev5ty days1 p]haps m1#di y lay hidd5 9 ! egg1 because all ^? *anges :i* o!r cru/aceans und]go aft] hat*+1 ! royal limulus completes 9 ! privacy ( its ela/ic case4 ,*ange1 *ange1 /ill *ange1 )9 ! curta9s ( ! cradle1 & at la/1 out comes ! liv+ limulus1 tailless1 l>ge-ey$1 its h9d] segm5ts free ( ea* o!r4 ,sp9y1 t9y1 pale br[n1 glossy1 a %ell f9] ?an a human baby's mo/ delicate f+] nail1 able to swim1 to f9d y\r own food1 to d\ble up & protect y\rself1 su* y 71 ,o limulus1 on com+ out ( ! egg4 ,y ne$$ no p>5t to gu>d y1 or =age = y2 ! sun _h w>m$ y into life1 & ! ocean 0 y\r food-br++ "m4 ,*ild ( ! sun & sea6 ,su* ! anci5ts fabl$ ,v5us1 ! que5 ( beauty1 & y1 ,o my limulus1 are "o ( ! mo/ uncomely ( liv+ ?+s4 ,:5 fir/ y f\nd y\r egg-case cleft away1 & came out ^u ! wave1 six pairs ( feet 7 ready = y\r walk+1 swimm+1 & food-grasp+ app>atus4 ,s well end[$ ) memb]s = use1 & ) no bra9 capable ( l>ge ambitions1 cont5t ) to-day1 & ignorant t !re 0 ev] a ye/]day1 or t !re w be a to-morr[1 y1 no m ?an a *ild ( ! h\se ( ,hapsburg1 expect$ beauty to be unit$ to ! spl5dor (-- ,a ,v ,anci5t ,l9e4 ,,footnotes3 #di ,dr4 ,lockwood kept "s k+-crab eggs 9 a d>k place1 ?ree hundr$ & sixty days be=e !y hat*$4 ,,lesson ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,m>vel ,,9 ,,mail4 8,! woods decay1 ! woods decay & fall1 ,! vapors weep _! burd5 to ! gr\nd1 ,man comes & tills ! fields & lies b5ea?1 ,& aft] _m a summ] dies ! swan1 ,u only cruel immortality consumes40 --,,t5nyson4 ,! fir/ five lessons 9 ?is ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #d1 7 devot$ to a description ( "s ( ! prom95t facts ( ! p]iods dur+ :i* our globe 0 built up f an imm5se sph]e ( fi]y gas1 to ! compact & inhabit$ e>? :i* we "k to-day4 ,! next !me ( /udy 0 ! sol> sy/em1 "u ! laws gov]n+ :i* our _w exi/s1 "p ( :i* x is1 & ^u ! memb]s ( :i*1 ! sun & ! moon1 we are s dep5d5t t )\t !m life on our globe w\ld be impossible4 ,t magic p[] :]eby ! plant _w gr[s & rip5s its fruits abides 9 ! sunlight4 ,x is ! sun's heat :i* raises wat] f ! e>? 9 vapor1 :i* returns to u 9 %[]s & dew4 ,x is t same =ceful heat1 p\r$ out on va/ cont95ts1 t gives rise to ! w9ds t cool our summ]s & spe$ ! sails ( our comm]ce4 ,dur+ h[ _m ages has ?is lavi% sunlight /or$ up coal = our use1 t coal :i* flames 9 our grates & /oves1 gl[s 9 our gas-lights1 & drives ! eng9es ( our age ( /eam6 ,t less] light :i* rules ! night1 ! silv] moon1 n only s]ves to inspire poets & arti/s1 & to light s _m o!rwise d>k h\rs1 b ) my/]i\s attraction controls ! tide 9 ebb & fl[4 ,aft] our brief glance at ! sol> sy/em1 we h le>n$1 by means ( fossils hidd5 9 ! rocks1 some?+ ( ! wond]ful progress ( life ?r\gh all ! e>?-build+ ages4 ,z we h trac$ ?is sl[ asc5t ( life f its f>-(f1 simple beg9n+1 we h f\nd t ! fir/ home ( life 0 ! ocean4 ,:5 ! _w 0 wrapp$ 9 a mantle ( seas1 be=e ! fir/ cont95t ?ru/ its rocky ridges above ! waves1 no d\bt ^? w>m waves sw>m$ ) busy life4 8,! wat]s br\ght =? abundantly ! mov+ creature t ha? life02 & to-day1 z 9 all previ\s ages1 ! sea is ! headqu>t]s & busy home ( liv+ ?+s4 ,9 e zone ! wat]s teem ) animal organisms1 s num]\s t we d\bt :e!r ! s&s on ! %ores1 or ! />s t fill space equal !m = multitude4 ,aft] ! survey ( "s ( ! vani%$ fauna t peopl$ ! e>? 9 pa/ epo*s1 ! next /ep sugge/$ is to make acqua9tance ) yet rema9+ animal life1 su* z is m ne>ly relat$ to ext9ct species ?an to any o!r surviv+ families4 ,!re are ev5 n[ animals m or less common1 t h alt]$ little 9 ! sl[ lapse ( ages1 & h _! ne>e/ aff9ities ) fossil types4 ,su* an "o we h f\nd 9 t mo/ v5]able ( cru/aceans1 ! limulus1 or k+ crab6 ,com+ into creation "s ?\s&s or ev5 "s hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s lat] ?an ! cru/aceans1 ! reptiles h left "o ( _! e>ly repres5tatives1 a cons]vative :i* has adapt$ itself to no new fa%ions1 accommodat$ itself to no liv+ species1 b ma9ta9$ its integrity z a ne> relation ( a family ( fossil liz>ds1 ^: rema9s are f\nd 9 ,engl& ne> ,w>wick1 9 ,scotl& at ,elg91 9 ,c5tral ,india1 & 9 ,s\? ,africa1 indicat+ t 9 _! palmy days !y 7 citiz5s ( ! _w1 widely spread1 num]\s1 & nicely adju/$ to ! conditions ( _! age4 ,?is scion ( a mo/ anci5t family :om we n[ introduce1 claim+ = x ! reg>d due to long l9eage1 is nam$ ! sph5odon1 or hatt]ia4 ,at pres5t ! hatt]ia holds alo( f g5]al society1 & unless =c$ to exhibit 9 zoological g>d5s1 conf9es itself to a v limit$ haunt 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,9 ,new ,zeal& a score or two ( ye>s ago1 ! hatt]ia crawl$ ab\t ) ! sl[ness prop] to long ye>s & high dignity1 & enjoy$ a num]\s family & a com=table indep5d5ce4 ,behold him1 !n1 honorably dive/$ ( fooli% pride 9 8 p$igree1 b c>efully adh]+ to all ! mann]s & traditions ( 8 v5]able l9e4 ,:at a wond] is ?is1 t a frail & %ort-liv$ creature %\ld h ma9ta9$ itself unalt]$1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 :ile1 ) mighty convulsions ! face ( nature has *ang$1 & *ang$1 & *ang$ aga92 ! :ole surface ( ! globe und]go+ trans=mations :i* left unaffect$ ?is "o little reptile4 ,! hatt]ia belongs to ! liz>d-l reptiles ) tails & scales2 is possess$ ( f\r legs1 ! front pair be+ h&-l 9 /ructure4 ,! creature sugge/s to u "s v5]able gr&p>5t :o has divid$ a l>ge "p ( 8 patrimony among num]\s desc5dants & collat]als2 = ! o!r f\r ord]s ( reptiles all %>e "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! hatt]ia1 z if x _h divid$ its traits among !m4 ,we might write !m ?us3-- ,snakes4 ,crocodiles4 ,,hatt]ia4 ,fossil ,saurians & ,liz>ds4 ,liz>ds4 ,turtles4 ,s !re is ! hatt]ia1 or sph5odon1 a l9k betwe5 ! new & ! old4 ,to expla9 all ! po9ts ( lik5ess & diff]5ce w\ld be to write an elaborate treatise on comp>ative o/eology1 or ! sci5ce ( skeletons4 ,:ile pass+ ov] 9 sil5ce ! matt] ( ! bones1 we c note a few pla9 po9ts ( lik5ess betwe5 ! sph5odon & o!r reptiles4 ,:5 ! tail or any "p ( ! tail is brok5 x is r5ew$ z ! cru/aceans r5ew a leg or claw2#ej ?is p[] x holds 9 common ) "s ( ! liz>ds1 :i* h v brittle tails4 ,! v]tebr ( ! tail are made 9 two portions1 & ! l9e ( junction 9 ea* v]tebra is ! weake/ "p2 s if ! tail is brok5 x is brok5 on ?is l9e1 & n betwe5 two v]tebr2 & on ?is l9e x is r5ew$4 ,! fam\s philosoph]1 ,ari/otle1 & t o!r fam\s anci5t /ud5t ( nature1 ,pl9y1 seem to h be5 mu* impress$ ) ?is ability to r5ew brok5 tails4 ,! skull ( ! hatt]ia is m l t ( a crocodile ?an l t ( any o!r reptile2 b on ! o!r h& its legs are l ^? ( ! liz>d1 s t a description ( ! bones ( ! leg & foot ( a liz>d1 w\ld answ] almo/ equally well = a sph5odon4 ,! hatt]ia has n9e m v]tebr 9 its tail ?an 9 all ! re/ ( its body & its head toge!r2 & to aid x 9 its motions :ile imp$$ by ?is long tail1 x has "s especial muscles1 su* z are v prom95tly develop$ 9 ! s]p5t family4 ,z ! hatt]ia gr[s old its tee? we> d[n to a simple cutt+ edge1 z d ^? ( snakes4 ,! ,new ,zeal& native "n = ! hatt]ia is r pretty--tuat]a4 ,/rangely en\gh ! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal& h a sup]/iti\s horror ( ! creature1 & turn pale & %iv] ) abject fe> if !y m]ely see "o4 ,does ! tuat]a m]it _! av]sion8 ,n at all4 ,x is n h&some1 "s call x exce$+ly unpleas+ 9 appe>ance1 b no creature is s absolutely h>mless4 ,x is )\t weapons ( (f5ce or def5ce1 & )\t en]gy to use su* weapons if x possess$ !m4 ,! hatt]ia1 or tuat]a1 n[ lives 9 only "o place 9 ! _w1 & t place is a small rocky islet call$ ,k>5ha1 9 ! ,bay ( ,pl5ty1 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,=m]ly1 ! creature 0 abundant all along ! rocky coa/s ( ,new ,zeal&1 liv+ 9 crevices ( ! rock1 or 9 little burr[s dug by itself4 ,! settl]s 9 ,new ,zeal& took a fancy to ! hatt]ia z an article ( food1 & ! hogs :i* ! settl]s br\ght ) !m1 %>$ ! ta/e ( _! ma/]s1 s t betwe5 m5 & sw9e1 ! poor creatures h ne>ly become ext9ct4 ,_! sole *ance ( ma9ta9+ exi/5ce is to conf9e !mselves /rictly to ,k>5ha1 :]e n a %rub1 nor blade ( grass1 nor li*5 gr[s1 & :]e n a fre%-wat] spr+ is kn[n4 ,on ?is desolate isl& ! hatt]ias lie1 cl++ to ! b>e rock1 absolutely quiet1 app>5tly unconsci\s1 & alike indiff]5t to ! :ipp+ ( %>p1 cold spray driv5 by a /rong w9d1 & to ! fi]ce beat+ ( ! sun4 ,! hatt]ia is f eight to tw5ty in*es long1 is ( a bronze or olive-gre5 color1 spott$ ) yell[ above1 & fad+ into greyi% :ite bel[4 ,d[n ! back & along ! tail1 are %>p sp9es or bri/les 9 a ridge or cre/1 :i* ! creature c erect at w4 ,its eyes are gold51 & in/ead ( ! vivid quickness ( ! jewel-l eyes ( _m liz>ds1 ^! organs 9 ! hatt]ia h ! dull />e ( glass eyes4 ,also1 in/ead ( ! fla%-l motions ( _m liz>ds1 ! hatt]ia is ! sl[e/ ( liv+ ?+s4 ,h\r aft] h\r1 day aft] day1 x w lie l an animal fa%ion$ ( wax1 desir+ nei!r food nor dr9k1 & seem+ to ne$ almo/ no air4 ,(t5 p /& = a long "t be=e ! glass case ( ! hatt]ias 9 ! ,london ,zoological ,g>d5s1 & f ! absolute quiet ( ! creatures1 conclude t !y are /uff$4 ,b f9ally !y see ! head turn+1 or ! body slid+ =w>d1 ) an almo/ imp]ceptible motion1 sl[ z t ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock4 ,or1 look+ a little clos]1 ! motion ( ! he>t may be recogniz$ by ! sl[ palpitat+ ( ! loose sk9 ne> ! =e>m4 ,! hatt]ia seems z cont5t$ :5 kept 9 a glass case1 z :5 ext5d$ on its native rocks4 ,"o wond]s h[ a creature c possess s few ( ! evid5ces & ! ne$s ( life4 ,x makes no noise1 %[s nei!r fe>1 hope1 affection1 nor anxiety2 "o might ?9k t ! accumulat$ age ( all its long race _h invad$ its cold ve9s1 & t x 0 v]g+ on petrifaction4 ,! hatt]ia 9 "o s+le small specim5 is ! sole liv+ repres5tative ( ! g5us1 family1 & ord] to :i* x belongs4 ,its fossil relatives p>took ( *>act]i/ics n[ scatt]$ among memb]s ( diff]5t classes4 ,"o ( !m approa*$ ! birds1 9 hav+ no tee? & a beak-l projection ( ! jaws2 o!rs 7 l fi%1 9 hav+ tee? set n only 9 _! jaws1 b also1 z "s fi% d1 89 ! velvet10#ea namely1 all d[n ! sides ( ! ?roat4 ,! great value ( ! hatt]ia n[1 is ! light :i* x ?r[s on obscure po9ts 9 ! /ructure ( its fossil relatives4 ,helpless & in]t1 x seems to belong r to pa/ ages & to ! dead1 ?an to to-day & ! liv+4 ,,footnotes3 #ej ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #a1 ,lessons #a-f4 #ea ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lesson #de4 ,,lesson ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,build]4 8,aga9 ! mossy e>? looks =?1 aga9 ! /reams run cle>2 ,! fox 8 hillside cell =sakes1 ! musk rat leaves 8 nook1 ,! blue-bird 9 ! mead[ brakes is s++ ) ! brook2 #8,be> up1 ,o "m nature1' cry bird1 breeze1 & /reamlet free1 #8,our w9t] voices prophesy ( summ] days to !e4'0 --,,:itti]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wond]ful ,,build]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ animals 9 ! _w is ! beav]4 ,?is creature belongs to ! mammalian ord]1 ,rod5tia1 or ! 8gnaw]s40 ,! mammals ( ?is ord] are di/+ui%$ by _! /rong1 *isel-%ap$ front tee?4 ,!y h a great] numb] ( species1 & a wid] di/ribution ov] ! e>? ?an any o!r t]re/rial mammals4 ,to ?is ord] belong squirrels1 rabbits1 rats1 mice1 & _m o!r species1 & ! ord]1 z a :ole1 w be briefly describ$ 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,at pres5t we mu/ fix our att5tion ^u ! beav]1 :i* ,buffon said con/itut$ su* a l9k betwe5 quadrup$s & fi%es1 z is ! bat betwe5 quadrup$s & birds4 ,9 fact nei!r bat nor beav] is a l9k betwe5 diff]5t ord]s1 b ! beav] is ne>ly z aquatic 9 its habits z a fi%1 & its tail is ab\t z well cov]$ ) scales z is ! body ( a fi%4 ,! beav] is an animal ( great geologic age3 its fossil rema9s h be5 f\nd freely di/ribut$ ov] nor!rn ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica4 ,at pres5t x has entirely disappe>$ f _m c\ntries :]e =m]ly x ab\nd$4 ,9 "s places 9 ,europe x has ab&on$ _m ( its mo/ peculi> & int]e/+ habits ( life1 & sunk sl[ly to ne>ly ! condition ( its di/ant relative1 ! wat]-rat4 ,9 tru?1 ! beav]1 l ! k+-crab1 is a creature evid5tly doom$ to ext9ction4 ,! cause ( ! rapid disappe>ance ( ! beav] is ! value ( its fur1 :i* has caus$ x to be hunt$ ) a reckless disreg>d ( ! dang] ( de/roy+ ! entire family4 ,! /ory ( ! fate ( ! goose :i* laid gold5 eggs is n :olly a fable1 b holds true ( _m valuable & beautiful plants & animals1 :i* human gre$ has ru?lessly de/roy$4 ,! beav] no d\bt _h a v happy "t build+ its huts & dams1 fe$+ on roots & b>k1 & swimm+ m]rily 9 ! riv]s1 be=e m5 7 kn[n ^u ! e>?4 ,! beav] is ! l>ge/ ( ! rod5ts except ! capyb>a or wat]-hog ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! beav] is sometimes ?ree feet long1 exclusive ( ! tail1 & a v l>ge beav] w occasionally weigh z mu* z sixty p\nds4 ,! oval1 flatt5$ tail is ab\t t5 in*es long1 & is cov]$ ) scales4 ,ab\t ?is tail1 z ab\t ! habits ( ! beav]1 _m fooli% /ories h be5 repeat$4 ,x has be5 /at$ t he uses x z a little c>t :]eon to drag loads ( /one & mud = 8 dam2 also t he uses x z a tr[el to smoo? 9 nice/ mason-fa%ion ! e>? walls ( 8 h\se4 ,nei!r ( ^! tales ( a tail is true4 ,! scaly tail ( ! beav] is ( especial use 9 help+ to support 8 body :5 he /&s on 8 h9d-legs cutt+ d[n trees4 ,"o ( its uses is t ( s\nd+ an al>m :5 di/urb$ 9 8 retreats3 !n ! beav] r\nds up 8 back1 & br+s d[n 8 tail on ! wat] ) a bl[ :i* c be he>d = a long di/ance4 ,! h9d feet ( ! beav] are webb$ up to ! toe nails1 l ^? ( a duck or gull4 ,9 swimm+ ! beav] uses only ! h9d feet1 ! front feet1 :i* are small & s]ve almo/ exclusively z h&s1 are kept hang+ close by 8 side :ile he moves 9 ! wat]4 ,! head ( ! beav] is %ort & r\nd$1 & its upp] lip is cleft1 probably = conv5i5ce 9 us+ its p[]ful incisors 9 cutt+ d[n trees & /ripp+ (f b>k4 ,! front tee? ( ! beav] are v rem>kable2 !y are long & *isel-%ap$1 ) a %>p1 cutt+ edge4 ,! out] lay] is made ( v h>d orange-color$ enamel2 ! inn] portion is s(t] & we>s away by ! con/ant use ( ! tee?2 & ?us a *isel-l edge is left4 ,z ! f\r front tee? we> d[n !y are reproduc$1 gr[+ up con/antly f ! roots4 ,! tee? ( ! beav] are s %>p & h>d t ! ,indians =m]ly us$ !m1 fa/5$ into h&les1 = cutt+ _! bone implem5ts4 ,! eyes ( ! beav] are small1 & ! e>s are inconspicu\s4 ,:5 swimm+ or div+ ! beav] c draw its e>s close to its head1 clos+ ! orifice aga9/ ! admission ( wat]4 ,! :ole appe>ance ( ! animal is )\t beauty1 z ! s(t1 silky br[ni% fur is hidd5 by a gr[? ( long co>se r$di%-br[n hairs4 ,9 ,am]ica ! beav]s /ill live 9 communities & build homes1 b 9 ,europe1 :]e !y _c f9d seclud$ & undi/urb$ ponds & riv]s1 !y h *ang$ _! habit & live solit>y & 9 burr[s1 _! huts & dams be+ n[ kn[n only 9 "o place 9 ,europe4 ,9 ,am]ica !re are f\nd "s few beav]s liv+ alone 9 burr[s2 ^! are call$ 8idl]s10 or 8ba*elors40 ,!y are suppos$ to h left ! colony because _! mates h be5 kill$4 ,9 _! natural /ate beav]s live *iefly on ! b>k ( %rubs & trees su* z bir*1 ald]1 popl>1 will[1 :ile a favorite article ( food is ! root & /em ( ! yell[ wat]-lily4 ,9 captivity !y eat bread & raw vegetables1 & :ile !y greatly enjoy wat] = a ba? or a swim1 !y w le>n to cont5t !mselves )\t x4 ,x is a pity t any web-foot$ creature %\ld be held 9 captivity1 :]e x _c be provid$ ) an abundance ( its natural & favorite elem5t4 ,9 summ] ! beav] leaves 8 home1 & sett+ (f z if int5t ^u hav+ a m]ry "t1 sp5ds ! w>m season 9 rov+ ab\t ! /reams & banks1 fea/+ on fre% h]bs1 & play+ ) 8 fell[-citiz5s ( ! /ream4 ,dur+ ,augu/1 ) provid5t c>e he cuts d[n trees = ! repair ( 8 home & dam1 b does n beg9 _! r5ovation until ! fro/s come4 ,?is delay probably does n arise f m]e idl5ess1 = ! beav] is n ! tramp ( ! brute creation1 :o keeps ! roads until =c$ by ! cold to seek %elt]4 ,! late repair has its advantages4 ,! la/ coat ( mud appli$ to ! habitation pres5tly freezes h>d z a /one1 & nei!r wolves nor wolv]9es c break up ! ro( & di/urb ! repose ( ! own]s ( ! h\se4 ,! beav] is an inhabitant ( nor? temp]ate climates1 :]e ! w9t]s are long & ! cold %>p3 he is a creature ( solitudes :]e wild c>nivor\s animals %>e ) him ! woodl&s & ! banks1 & to !m z to man1 he is likely to fall a prey4 ,! hunt]s & trapp]s z well z ! wolves consid] ! beav]'s fle% a too?some morsel1 & n only is 8 fur an article ( comm]ce1 b a sub/ance call$ ca/oreum f\nd 9 two small sacs 9 8 body is us$ to "s ext5t 9 m$ic9e & p]fum]y4 ,aga9/ ! wild bea/s1 ! well-built wigwam & ! doorways entirely "u wat]1 9 a measure protect ! beav]2 b ! trapp]s secure him by traps set 9 8 pa?ways or ne> 8 door4 ,no wond] t ! beav] always ab&ons a locality z soon z x is settl$ by 8 *ief enemy--man4 ,& n[ :at ( ?is dwell+ :i* ! beav] con/ructs = himself1 provisions1 & makes 8 w9t] qu>t]s8 ,wond]ful tales h be5 told ( x1 z t x is well built ( logs & int]lac$ wattles1 pla/]$ securely1 & t a prop] dep? ( wat] ov] its entrance is secur$ by ! con/ruction ( a dam1 s l>ge1 /rong1 & well-built1 t a man on horseback c ride ov] x :]e x lifts above ! wat]4 ,unhappily mu* ( ?is is fiction4 ,let u sift out ! tru?4 ,! natural home ( ! beav] is n a burr[ l t ( a wat]-rat1 b a wigwam above gr\nd1 built ( heap$-up poles1 bran*es1 & roots1 fill$ 9 ) %ort /icks1 /ones1 & sods4 ,! %ape is t ( a l[ dome-l bru% heap4 ,inside ! irregul> dome :i* is "s eight or n9e feet 9 diamet]1 is a small room :i* is ! liv+ room ( ! beav]s4 ,sev]al ( ^! huts are plac$ ne> toge!r & ea* has b "o comp>tm5t2 ! tales ( homes ( _m rooms h aris5 f f9d+ ! v>i\s sep>ate homes ( ! colony re/+ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,9 ea* ( ^! huts f f\r to eight beav]s live4 ,9 ! sides ( ! room are ! b$s ( leaves1 ea* beav] hav+ a b$ ( its own4 ,! c5tre ( ! ap>tm5t :]e !y gnaw ! b>k f ! %ort /icks :i* !y br+ 9 s]ves z a d9+-room4 ,!y are v cleanly1 & c>ry out all rubbi% & refuse4 ,! beav] h\se has no op5+ above gr\nd4 ,! two doors to ! wigwam are 9 ! floor1 op5+ into long und]gr\nd gall]ies1 "o connect+ ) ! pil$-up /ore ( food bran*es1 ! o!r lead+ out t[>d ! bank4 ,?us !re is no approa* to ! home ( ! beav] except by pass+ "u ! wat]1 & x is to secure a dep? ( f tw5ty in*es to ?ree feet ( wat] ov] ! entrance passages t ! beav] builds a dam4 ,if ! bank or isl& :]e ! home is built is s plac$ t a prop] curr5t & dep? ( wat] ov] ! passages to ! food pile c always be _h1 ! beav] builds no dam4 ,if ! wat] is likely to run l[ ! dam is built4 ,! dam is a loosely con/ruct$ b>ri]1 seldom 9 wat] ov] ?ree feet deep1 & g5]ally ris+ b little above ! surface4 ,z ! p>ts ( trees ( :i* x is built are ( k9ds :i* easily take root f rods or w&s1 z will[1 bir*1 & ald]1 ^! sometimes %oot up & spread1 gr[+ into a k9d ( h$ge1 :i*1 cat*+ dbris com+ d[n /ream1 con/antly increases ! /r5g? & size ( ! /ructure4 ,slight & l[ z ! beav] dam is1 x is m>vell\s t a brute %\ld con/ruct x1 & its size is by no means contemptible4 ,"o giant dam1 sev5 feet high & a qu>t] ( a mile long1 is m5tion$ by ,h4 ,p4 ,wells1 an accurate obs]v]4 ,especially is x m>vell\s t 9 ! places :]e !re is little curr5t ! dam is c>ri$ /raight across ! /ream1 :ile 9 ^? :]e ! curr5t is /rong ! /ructure has a deep curve d[n /ream1 & is ?us capable ( resi/+ ! =ce ( ! wat]4 ,9 build+1 ! beav] tru/s to ! wat] = ! conveyance ( mo/ ( its mat]ials1 b x c>ries roots1 /ones1 sod1 & mud1 by hold+ ^! betwe5 its *9 & =e-paws4 ,x floats its wood :]ev] x wi%es to h x by swimm+ beh9d x4 ,n only ?is1 b ?is wond]ful build] is %rewd en\gh to cut d[n trees ) its /rong1 *isel-l tee?4 ,x selects ^? ne> ! /ream bank1 & is suffici5tly skill$ 9 woodcraft to make ! tree fall t[>d ! /ream1 by cutt+ into x mo/ deeply on ! wat]-w>d side4 ,! beav] works almo/ entirely at night2 b :e!r "u ! direction ( "s "o skill$ beav] ar*itect1 or :e!r l ! ants & bees1#eb all "w guid$ by a common in/9ct t produces h>moni\s labor1 is n kn[n4 ,q z wond]ful z ! dam build+ is ! canal mak+4 ,?is "w !y und]take 9 ord] to facilitate ! mov+ ( food & build+ mat]ial4 ,canals are describ$ by ,wells :i* are ?ree feet wide1 ov] two hundr$ feet long1 & :i* c>ry f eighte5 in*es to two feet ( wat]4 ,9 ! huts 9 w9t] ! "m beav] suckles & re>s h] "y ones4 ,:5 ! family 9 "o cab9 becomes too l>ge ! "y beav]s move (f & build a home ( _! own1 n too f> f ! orig9al dwell+1 to %>e ! advantages ( ! same dam4 ,frequ5tly rema9s ( old beav] dams are f\nd 9 fields n[ grassy or "u cultivation1 b :i* 7 =m]ly ponds or wide curves 9 ! b$s ( /reams4 ,:ile to ! casual glance ^! may appe> to be natural ridges1 _! regul> sweep1 equal /r5g? 9 all p>ts1 & _! mat]ial prove !m to be ! "w ( ?is anci5t family ( build]s4 ,,footnotes3 #eb ,see ,nature ,read]s1 #a & #b1 ,lessons on ,bees & ,ants4 ,,lesson ,,xxiv4 ,,an ,,opossum ,,hunt4 8,)9 ! twilight come =? t5d] snat*es ,( birds' song f b5ea? _! d>k5$ eaves2 ,b n[ a noise ( poor gr\nd dwell]s mat*es ,?is dimness2 nei!r loves1 nor joys1 nor grieves4 ,a pip+ slight & %rill1 & co>se dull *irp+s1 fill ,! e>1 t all day's /rong]1 f9] music leaves40 --,,l[ell4 8,if y want to f9d out any?+ ab\t 'possums1 g to ,uncle ,d'rius2 he kn[s all ab\t !m0--?is 0 ! univ]sal op9ion 9 ,f---- & "o day1 :5 my m9d 0 greatly ex]cis$ ab\t opossums1 ,i repair$ = in=mation to 8,uncle ,d'rius40 ,i f\nd t m9e ( didelphian wisdom seat$ at 8 front door1 ) 8 h&s on 8 knees4 8,uncle ,d>ius10 ,i said1 8,i want y to tell me all ab\t opossums40 ,! old negro rubb$ 8 gray head3 8',possums60 he cri$1 8 ble>$ eyes light+ at 8 favorite !me1 8'possums6 'possum am 'b\t de bes' ?+ 9 des y'ere worl'1 w'en h'x am roa/$60 8,b tell me some?+ ab\t !m alive10 ,i urg$4 8',live8 ',possum am a mighty onconsid]at9' animal :5 h'x 'live4 ,an' w'en a man k9 ket* 'possum any "t he g fur him1 he am a b]ry sma'at man1 fo' %o6 ,d]e's ony "o se* man 9 dese y'ere pa'ats1 an' h'x am ,uncle ,d'rius w'en he 0 "y an' spry40 ,& t 0 all ,uncle ,d>ius c\ld tell me ab\t opossums4 ,c]ta9ly he knew v mu* m4 ,he _h hunt$ !m1 & eat5 !m1 & br\ght home baby opossums to br+ up = pets--b unluckily1 ,uncle ,d'rius _h n habits ( obs]vation1 nor any gift = tell+ :at he knew4 ,=tunately ,i _h o!r means ( le>n+ some?+ ab\t opossums4 ,let u fir/ indulge 9 a few pla9 /atem5ts ab\t ! opossum1 & !n devote a little "t to "s ( its int]e/+ habits4 #a4 ,! opossum1 l ! beav]1 is a v anci5t animal2 its fossils are pl5tifully f\nd 9 ! /rata ( ! ,eoc5e age1 ! fir/ age ( ! la/ _w-build+ p]iod4#ec #b4 ,! opossum is entirely an ,am]ican animal2 is unkn[n 9 ,europe & ,asia2 & is f\nd f ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to ! nor? b\nd>y ( ,patagonia4 #c4 ,x belongs to ! mammalian ord] ( m>supials1 or p\*$ animals1 furni%$ ) a p\* or pocket = c>ry+ ! "y4 #d4 ,its ne>e/ relatives are f\nd 9 ,au/ralia4 #e4 ,) "o exception x is ! l[e/ ( ! mammalian ord]s4 #f4 ,its sci5tific "n is ,didelphys4 #g4 ,?is family has two gr\ps3 fir/1 a v l>ge gr\p to :i* ! opossums & _! ne>e/ k9 belong2 ! o!r gr\p has b "o species ( animal1 ! yapock1 :i* ?us claims a :ole g5us = itself4 ,! yapock is a little creature ) webb$ feet1 aquatic 9 its habits3 x fe$s on fi% & small crabs2 its home is 9 ,guatemala & ,brazil2 its fur is gray m>k$ ) br[n4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( ! g5us repres5t$ only by ! yapock1 let u describe ! opossum & ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( its k9dr$4 ,! animal is small1 v>y+ f ! size ( a m\se to t ( a l>ge cat4 ,x has sev]al v m>k$ *>act]i/ics4 ,fir/1 ! opossum has a great numb] ( tee?1 fully fifty4 ,^! are fitt$ = te>+ & eat+ fle%1 = gr9d+ up ! horny bodies ( insects1 & also = dev\r+ roots1 b]ries1 eggs1 & fruits4 ,:ile belong+ to ! c>nivor\s class ( fe$]s1 ! opossum is ?or\ghly omnivor\s1 & seldom f9ds any v>iety ( food :i* he disda9s to ta/e4 ,! second m>k$ peculi>ity is ! p\*1 =m$ ( a l>ge fold ( ! sk9 ( ! "u "p ( ! "m opossum's body4 ,?is fold makes a bag1 support$ by two sl5d] b /rong bones1 f :i* ! ord] receives its "n--didelphys4 ,9 ?is bag ! "m opossum /[s h] little ones1 & c>ries !m ab\t ) h] until !y are old en\gh to be wean$1 & c look out = !mselves4 ,! ?ird notable m>k ( ! opossum is its tail1 :i* is long & supple1 & has its t]m9al half b>e ( fur & cov]$ ) scales4 ,?is tail is call$ preh5sile1 because h&-l x c clasp itself closely ab\t any object ) :i* ! creature w\ld s]ve itself z a support4 ,a few turns ( ?is li! tail ab\t a bran* w be> ! weight ( ev5 a "m opossum load$ ) h] p\* full ( little ones2 & a vigor\s %ak+ ( ! bran* _c dislodge h]4 ,! f\r? rem>kable *>act]i/ic is to be f\nd 9 ! feet ( ! opossum4 ,^! h ea* five toes1 & on ! h9d feet ! l>ge toes are )\t nails1 & are set ?umb-l 9 opposition to ! o!r f\r1 s t ^! h9d feet are really /rong & supple h&s4 ,f9ally1 ! opossum is di/+ui%$ by ! l>ge numb] ( its prog5y4 ,a c[ m>*es ab\t foll[$ by a s+le calf2 a %eep b seldom has tw9 lambs2 ! lion nev] has m ?an two :elps2 b ! prolific opossum goes skipp+ ar\nd ) fifte5 or sixte5 little furry *ildr5 gamboll+ aft] h]1 or ?ru/+ _! %>p noses f h] w>m p\*4 ,! nose ( ! opossum is %>p1 long1 & well provid$ ) :isk]s1 z is t ( a cat2 ! eyes are d>k1 sleepy look+ by day1 b bright & al]t by night1 = ! opossum is a night-pr[l]2 ! e>s are erect1 l>ge1 & leaf-l4 ,! fur is co>se & ( a light gray color2 occasionally a pure :ite opossum is f\nd1 :ile ! smalle/ ( all ! species is dress$ 9 bright r$4 ,?is soldi]-dress$ opossum is no l>g] ?an a h\se m\se1 & is a native ( ,mexico4 ,9 ,brazil !re is ano!r small species :i* looks mu* l a 8*ipmunk10 hav+ a r$di% gray coat ) ?ree black b&s d[n ! back4 ,"o v int]e/+ memb] ( ! family is call$ 8,"l ,d]by's opossum02 x is a native ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & is r l>g] ?an a gray squirrel2 its fur is %ort & close1 its tail is entirely cov]$ ) scales2 & usually ! "m is )\t ! p\* = ! "y4 ,to make up = ?is lack1 %e ar*es h] long tail =w>d1 puts all h] *ildr5 on h] back1 & !y curl _! limb] little tails ab\t ! ov]-ar*+ tail ( _! "m2 ?us1 secure f fall+1 !y ride ar\nd 9 /ate on _! s(t1 fur coa*4 ,an extreme love = its num]\s (fspr+ is an em95t trait ( ! opossum4 ,! "m does n1 l _m human mo!rs1 leave h] *ildr5 alone1 or 9 ! /reets1 or ) a nurse1 :ile %e goes visit+1 %opp+1 or fea/+4 ,%e always takes ! *ildr5 ) h]1 & is nev] happy unless h] furry brood is close beside h]4 ,! l>ge/ & be/ kn[n ( all ! opossum tribe is ! ,virg9ia opossum1 a common v>iety 9 _m p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,al?\gh x is ( too n]v\s & irritable a disposition to be made a pet1 x frequ5tly lives 9 t[ns4 ,hid+ by day on ! ro( or 9 ! sew]s1 & com+ =? at night = food1 x acts z a scav5g]4 ,! little opossums are born 9 ! spr+1 & ! "m packs !m all 9 h] fur pocket1 & c>ries !m ab\t ) h] until !y are able to run1 & to fe$ !mselves4 ,:5 !y beg9 to g alone !y keep ne> ! "m1 & if al>m$ ru% to h] & try to ne/le back 9 _! safe e>ly qu>t]s4 ,! ,virg9ia opossum is p>ticul>ly fond ( ! banana-%ap$ fruit ( ! pawpaw tree1 & on ! moonlight nights 9 ! autumn :5 ^! are ripe1 ! opossums ga!r f f> & ne> ab\t ! l[1 wide-spread+ trees1 & h a gr& picnic4 ,x is useless to try to %ake ! animals f ! trees2 =1 wrapp+ _! flexible tails ab\t ! bran*es1 !y hold on ) a p]si/5cy t defies ! rude/ j>4 ,:5 caught1 ! opossum feigns dea?1 & no abuse1 less ?an putt+ a live coal to its nose1 w cause x to give sign ( life4 ,happily ?is cruel te/ _c (t5 be appli$4 ,_m an opossum1 caught robb+ a p\ltry y>d1 has be5 left = dead by ! f>m]1 & z soon z 8 back 0 turn$ has nimbly pick$ itself up & glid$ away4 ,s1 too1 _m a negro has br\ght home f a 8'possum hunt10 a captive1 :i* he design$ = 8 favorite fea/2 b z he kneel$ by ! he>? to /ir up ! sm\ld]+ fire1 ! wily opossum ly+ :]e x _h be5 flung on ! floor1 /eal?ily op5$ "o eye to inve/igate ! situation1 !n l a fla% leap$ f door or w9d[1 & 0 back to ! woods4 ,opossums live 9 clefts ( rocks1 holes 9 ! e>?1 & 9 holl[ trees4 ,:5 hunt$ !y take refuge 9 ! fir/ holl[ tree !y c f9d1 & _m a tree is fell$ by ! 'possum hunt]s t !y may cut ! animal out ( its retreat4 ,! flavor ( ! fle% is mu* l t ( a "y pig4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica ! opossum seems to fill ! place ( an insect eat]1 occupi$ 9 o!r c\ntries by ! true insectivora1--! h$ge-hog1 mole1 & %rew4 ,probably 9 c\ntries :]e !y are pl5tiful1 ! opossum eats m insects ?an all o!r insect eat]s put toge!r4 ,its tee? are provid$ ) num]\s little po9ts :i* enable !m to gr9d1 z 9 a mill1 ! horny bodies ( insects4 ,"y birds1 & "y b>n-y>d f[ls1 eggs1 su* little animals z mice1 moles1 toads1 & ! "y ( rabbits & h>es1 tempt ! appetite ( ! opossum1 :o is a g5]al depr$ator4 ,9 return1 ei!r = v5geance1 or to obta9 its fle% = food1 ! opossum is prey$ ^u1 & 7 x n = its enorm\s ye>ly increase w\ld soon be ext]m9at$4 ,9 ,au/ralia a little animal nam$ a phalang]1 or f+]$ animal1 is call$ an opossum1 &1 inde$1 closely resembles ! real opossums1 ?\gh x is ( a diff]5t family4 ,its size1 p\*1 & g5]al habits might lead x to be mi/ak5 = "o ( ! opossum tribe4 ,_m ( ^! phalang]s h ! sk9 /ret*$ z we see x 9 a fly+ squirrel1 on ea* side ! body betwe5 ! front & h9d-legs4 ,ext5d+ ?is z !y spr+ f tree to tree1 !y are up-borne & c make enorm\s leaps4 ,"o ( ^! fly+-squirrel phalang]s is (t5 call$ 8! mo/ beautiful ( all mammals02 its %ape is s graceful1 its fur s ri*1 & its tail s long & h&some4 ,ano!r phalang] is call$ ! acrobat1 on acc\nt ( its wond]ful jump+3 x is small] ?an a m\se1 & lives da9tily ^u honey & c]ta9 honey-seek+ insects2 ?us its appetite (f]s a /rong contra/ to t ( ! gre$y opossum4 ,,footnotes3 #ec ,! *>t :i* s]ves z frontispiece %\ld be (t5 consult$ to fix ^! p]iods 9 ! pupil's m9d4 ,,lesson ,,xxv4 ,a ,,new ,,fa%ion ,,( ,,pappoose4 8,/ill ?is great solitude is quick ) life2 ,myriads ( insects1 gaudy z ! fl[]s ,!y flutt] ov]1 g5tle quadrup$s1 ,& birds1 t sc>ce h le>n$ ! fe> ( man ,are "h1 & slid+ reptiles und]gr\nd40 --,,bryant4 ,! opossum 0 *os5 z ! fir/ repres5tative ( ! p\*$ animals1 n because x is ! mo/ rem>kable1 b because x is ! be/ kn[n1 & because liv+ specim5s ( x may be easily obta9$ if desir$4 ,9 our /udy ( ! opossum we spoke ( ,au/ralian animals1 because ! opossum has its k9%ip ) ! quadrup$s ( t great isl& cont95t4 ,au/ralia is ! c\ntry ( anci5t =ms ( animal life1 & mo/ ( its quadrup$s are m>supials4 ,zoologi/s h wond]$ :y ! types ( animal life 9 ,au/ralia are s few & s anci5t1 & h endeavor$ to f9d ! explanation ( ^! facts 9 consid]+ t dur+ _m geological ages ,au/ralia has be5 divid$1 z x n[ is1 f ! ,asiatic cont95t & t ! great s]ies ( creatures :i* h aris5 s9ce t division took place1 includ+ all ! high] mammals1 nev] rea*$ ,au/ralia1 until rec5tly introduc$ by ,europeans4 ,?us1 z ! /rong] & m dom9ant creatures did n appe> to di/urb or displace !m1 !re 0 no?+ to h9d] ! cont9u\s developm5t ( p\*$ =ms2 & families became p]man5t :i* 9 m cr[d$ localities h be5 =c$ out ( exi/5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,que] ,,pappoose4 ,*ief among all ! ,au/ralian m>supials /&s ! kang>oo4 ,?is is really a beautiful animal2 wond]ful 9 its /ructure1 int]e/+ 9 its habits2 amiable1 & g5tle1 yet c\rage\s 9 disposition2 readily acclimat$ :5 c>ri$ to o!r c\ntries2 capable ( be+ tam$1 & f9ally1 ) fle% z useful & agreeable = food z beef or mutton4 ,! kang>oo receives its sci5tific "n f its feet2 ! family title1 syndactyla1#ed means 8toes toge!r10 because ! second & ?ird toes ( its h9d feet are unit$ "u ! same sk9 up to ! nails4 ,! g5]ic "n1 macropus1 or 8big foot10 is giv5 because ( ! enorm\s l5g? ( ! h9d feet4 ,9 tru? ! =e-paws ( ! kang>oo are r h&s ?an feet4 ,at fir/ sight ( ?is animal x is ! rem>kable disproportion betwe5 ! %\ld]s & =e-legs & ! h9d-legs ) _! enorm\s haun*es1 :i* *iefly impresses ! behold]4 ,x is z if ! head & %\ld]s ( a rabbit or h>e _h be5 unit$ to ! h9d] "p ( a creature z l>ge z a pony4 8,?is mu/ be a v ill-%ap5 creature0 we might conjecture f su* a description4 ,b no2 ! rem>kably l>ge tail1 ! /rong1 active motions1 ! ?ick fur1 ! bright & g5tle expression ( ! eyes1 ! erect po/ure ( ! kang>oo1 unite to make x a v attractive animal4 ,! kang>oo does n g on all f\rs except :5 x l[]s itself = graz+2 x holds itself up2 its =e-paws hang be=e x l arms at re/ & x moves by rapid leaps4 ,:5 /&+ quietly1 x supports itself ^u its long1 /rong tail z well z ^u ! h9d-legs4 ,t anci5t liz>d1 ! iguanodon1 :i* us$ 8 two h9d-legs & 8 /rong1 po9t$ tail z a tripod :]eon to seat himself1 set ! fa%ion1 x seems1 to "s ( ^? little m>supials :i* 7 crawl+ & jump+ ar\nd 8 feet1 & might h be5 cru%$ "u 8 mighty tread4 ,b ^! frail & unpromis+ families ( mammals h surviv$ ! iguanodon & 8 race by c\ntless g5]ations4 ,! adult kang>oo weighs "s two hundr$ p\nds2 b ( kang>oos !re are a numb] ( species1 & ^! diff] 9 size1 "o species be+ no l>g] ?an a h>e & weigh+ less ?an f\r p\nds4 ,?is little creature is call$ ! h>e kang>oo & is ! mo/ agile ( ! family1 mak+ )\t difficulty1 jumps eight or t5 feet high4 ,fossils ( ! kang>oo type h be5 f\nd 9 ,au/ralia1 :i* sugge/ t ! family =m]ly _h mon/r\s memb]s4 ,"s 7 p]haps z l>ge z ! ma/odon4 ,:5 ! kang>oo is spok5 ( 9 g5]al1 ref]5ce is _h to ! di/+ui%$ & mo/ common v>iety1 ,macropus giganteus1 8! giant big foot40 ,! kang>oo 0 entirely unkn[n to ! civiliz$ _w until #aggj1 :5 ,capta9 ,cook put into ! riv] ,endeavor on ! nor!a/ coa/ ( ,au/ralia4 ,:ile he 0 delay+ !re to repair 8 %ip :i* _h be5 damag$ by a /orm1 a numb] ( l>ge & s+ul> animals appe>$ f ! woods & /ood erect1 gaz+ at ! m5 & %ip ) mild curiosity4 ,!y 7 too timid to p]mit approa*1 & d>t$ away 9 long b\nds across ! grass :5 p w5t t[>d !m4 ,! natives1 :5 ask$ ab\t !m1 repli$ ) a /range ^w :i* ! ,engli%m5 pron\nc$ & spell$ kang>oo1 or kanguru4 ,su* a ^w is n[ unkn[n 9 any native ,au/ralian dialect1 & x is unc]ta9 :e!r x 0 int5d$ z ! "n ( ! creature 9 "q1 or m]ely signifi$ 8,don't "k40 ,h[ev]1 ! ^w has come into g5]al use among all nations z ! common "n ( ?is animal4 ,f9ally "o ( ,capta9 ,cook's p>ty1 ,mr4 ,gore1 w5t out gunn+ & %ot "o ( ! /range creatures4 ,!n sev]al m 7 kill$1 & ,capta9 ,cook took home ! sk9s4 ,^! 7 exam9$ by naturali/s ( diff]5t c\ntries1 & ,s*reb]1 a ,g]man1 pron\nc$ !m animals m closely alli$ to ! ,am]ican opossums ?an to any o!r creatures2 = at t "t opossums 7 ! only kn[n p\*$ animals4 ,9 8 "w on mammals ,s*reb] call$ ! kang>oo ! gigantic didelphys4 ,9 #agia ,dr4 ,%aw1 be+ bett] in=m$ ab\t ! kang>oo1 call$ x ! giant macropus1 or big foot1 & t has s9ce be5 its sci5tific "n4 ,! kang>oos are vegetable eat]s1 ?us diff]+ v greatly f ! c>nivor\s opossums4 ,!y fe$ on grass1 roots1 & ne>ly all gre5 h]bs4 ,sometimes z !y br[se !y get d[n on all f\rs & move sl[ly ab\t 9 ?is position1 :i* is z awkw>d to !m z creep+ is to a full-gr[n man4 ,b :ile br[s+ 9 ?is po/ure1 !y frequ5tly raise !mselves on _! h9d-legs & look ab\t to see if enemies are approa*+2 = !y are exce$+ly timid4 ,:5 al>m$ !y take refuge 9 flight1 be+ almo/ z in(f5sive 9 _! dispositions z %eep4 ,! =e-feet ( ! kang>oo h five toes1 ea* furni%$ ) a l>ge1 /rong nail2 ! h9d-feet are exce$+ly long & h b "o really well-develop$ toe2 ?is "o correspond+ to ! f\r? toe ( a human foot4 ,?is toe is v l>ge & /rong & has a long curv$ nail1 furni%+ ! kang>oo's *ief weapon4 ,!re is no great toe on ! h9d-foot2 ! second & ?ird toes are v slim & small & are enclos$ 9 a common %ea? up to ! nails4 ,!y are us$ only to scrat* & clean1 comb-wise1 ! animal's fur4 ,j outside ! l>ge f\r? toe is a small] "o :i* is s]viceable 9 walk+1 & also 9 fur-clean+4 ,:ile usually mild & timid ! kang>oo1 especially ! adult male1 or ! "m ) a little "o 9 h] p\* to fight =1 w ar\se h]self to great c\rage & give battle4 ,at su* a crisis ! kang>oo w seize a dog 9 its =e-paws & squeeze x to dea?1 or te> x to pieces ) ! l>ge toes ( ! h9d-feet4 ,a kang>oo is also able to wield its tail ) ! /r5g? & precision ) :i* a man uses 8 arm4 ,:5 *as$ by dogs ! kang>oo w sometimes1 ) ?is long1 heavy tail1 /rike its pursu] a bl[ s sev]e z to /un or kill x4 ,occasionally adult male kang>oos w h a battle or duel4 ,!y /& face to face1 brac+ !mselves by _! tails1 & simply claw at ea* o!r until !y h satisfi$ _! ang]4 ,sometimes :5 hunt$ by m5 or wild bea/s ! kang>oo is br\ght to bay1 & def5ds itself 9 a peculi> fa%ion4 ,x secures a position aga9/ a tree1 or "s object high en\gh to re/ ^u1 clasp+ x ) its =e-paws2 !n x braces itself firmly by its tail & la%es out ) its h9d-legs1 arm$ ) ! imm5se toe & nail4 ,9 su* circum/ances an angry kang>oo is a v dang]\s animal to approa*4 ,! place to lean ^u :ile %[+ fight 9 ?is fa%ion is indisp5sable1 because ! kang>oo lifts bo? its h9d-legs at once4 ,x _c make a /epp+ motion1 lift+ fir/ "o leg & !n ! o!r2 nor c x re/ ^u "o leg & kick ) ! o!r3 ! motion ( ! two legs mu/ be simil> & simultane\s4 ,! kang>oo diff]s f ! opossum 9 ! numb] ( its tee?1 hav+ b ?irty-f\r in/ead ( fifty4 ,^! tee? are =m$ entirely = cutt+ & gr9d+ vegetable sub/ances4 ,! kang>oo diff]s f ! opossum z mu* 9 ! numb] ( its family z 9 ! numb] ( its tee?4 ,at ! mo/ two little ones complete ! litt]1 & ^! :5 born are almo/ ! t9ie/ ( quadrup$s1 are bl9d1 helpless1 & ) b>e sk9s in/ead ( su* w>m fur coats z furni% =? little kitt5s4 ,^! feeble babies are snugly tuck$ 9 ! fur p\* ( _! "m1 & !re1 kept w>m & well f$1 !y gr[ rapidly4 ,! "m meantime rambles ar\nd1 fe$+ & att5d+ to h] affairs ) all ! indiff]5ce ( an ,indian squaw ) h] pappoose ti$ to h] back4 ,! squaw's pappoose is hung ov] h] %\ld]s1 s t x looks out on ! _w f h] back2 ! kang>oo's f> old] /yle ( pappoose is c>ri$ 9 a front pocket1 :]e x is always )9 rea* ( its "m's h&s & "u h] eyes4 ,:5 ! kang>oo pappoose has be5 = "s weeks tuck$ snugly away1 x f9ally gets its eyes op51 is cov]$ ) a lovely1 s(t coat1 & beg9s to feel an int]e/ 9 ! _w at l>ge4 ,!n x ?ru/s f ! p\* its head1 :i* is a funny little copy ( ! mat]nal head above x4 ,l its "m x has l>ge1 erect e>s1 bright eyes1 & an int5t expression4 ,! sight1 smell1 & he>+ ( ! kang>oo are extremely well develop$1 &1 ow+ to its timidity1 ! creature is always on ! al]t to discov] if enemies are ne>4 ,x /&s a picture ( att5tion1 its eyes gaz+ /eadfa/ly1 its e>s erect & set t[>d ! w9d to cat* ! fir/ note ( dang]1 ! flexible no/ril quiv]+ z x sc5ts n[ "h1 n[ !re1 = w>n+ ( a foe4 ,?is timidity also causes ! kang>oo to avoid solitude2 !y nei!r g s+ly1 nor 9 pairs2 b 9 little gr\ps1 ea* gr\p or h]d "u ! *>ge ( "s /rong & wise old male kang>oo4 ,^! b&s are (t5 made up ( an old fa!r & "m kang>oo & _! *ildr54 ,"o1 & sometimes two1 little ones are born at "o "t1 b z !y atta9 _! gr[? !y l+] ab\t _! p>5ts4 ,?us ! adult pair w be foll[$ by a tra9 ( eight1 t51 or twelve *ildr5 ( all ages & sizes1 f full-gr[n specim5s1 sev5 or eight ye>s old1 d[n to ! ke5-ey$ little creature pe]+ out ( its good mamma's fur pocket4 ,x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om ( t ne>ly ext9ct animal1 ! bison1 to g 9 h]ds1 l$ by ! olde/ & /ronge/ fight]s4 ,kang>oos pref] to graze 9 ! vic9ity ( woods2 = !y are good climb]s1 & giv5 to tak+ refuge 9 trees4 ,:5 ! jump1 = :i* ! kang>oo is fam\s1 is made1 x is by muscul> contraction ( ! great h9d-legs1 & ) ?is ef=t !y droop ! head & %\ld]s1 & balance !m by ! long tail1 :i* dur+ ! jump is held horizontally backw>d4 ,:5 full gr[n ! coat ( ! kang>oo is silky on ! head1 %\ld]s1 & tail1 & woolly on ! body4 ,! sk91 especially ( ! legs & haun*es1 is ?ick & t\gh1 & makes good lea!r4 ,! avidity ) :i* ^! animals are hunt$ 9 ,au/ralia w soon make !m z sc>ce z bison h become f ! same reckless slaught]2 & unless means = _! pres]vation are tak51 ! n9ete5? c5tury is likely to see ! ext9ction ( ?is rem>kable1 anci5t macropus family4 ,! kang>oo is s easily acclimat$ t "s ef=t is be+ made 9 ,europe to bre$ kang>oos4 ,z !y are readily kept x is ?\ght t1 dome/icat$ & c>efully re>$1 !y w\ld be z useful = hides & fle%1 z cattle or %eep4 ,,footnotes3 #ed ,pron\nc$ s9-dak-tilla4 ,,lesson ,,xxvi4 ,,l[ ,,d[n ,,9 ,,! ,,scale4 8,p>ts relate to :ole2 ,"o all ext5d+1 all pres]v+ s\l ,connects ea* be+1 greate/ ) ! lea/2 ,made bea/ 9 aid ( man1 & man ( bea/2 ,all s]v$1 all s]v+1 no?+ /&s alone2 ,! *a9 holds on1 & :]e x ends--unkn[n40 --,,pope4 ,c>eful & pa9s-tak+ obs]vation has la9 at ! beg9n+ ( mo/ great discov]ies2 ! busy m9]1 n ! c>eless idl]1 f9ds ! gold4 ,a c\rse ( accurate /udy 9 "s p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( sci5ce has (t5 op5$ up new views1 & af=d$ new data 9 "s v diff]5t & equally important subject4 ,?us dilig5t inve/igations 9 ! flora & fauna ( v>i\s c\ntries h n only reveal$ facts connect$ ) plants & animals1 b h unfold$ new *apt]s 9 ! hi/ory ( e>?-build+4 ,a v m9ute /udy ( ! plant & animal life ( ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & "s ( ! ,s\? ,pacific isl&s has made cle> ! fact t c]ta9 types are common to all ^? localities1 & are n f\nd else:]e4 ,does "s "o say1 8,:at is curi\s ab\t t8 ,t is no?+60 ,to ! ard5t disciple ( sci5ce1 ^: m9d is ke5ly at "w on ! problems ( nature1 ?is fact means mu*4 ,! fir/ d$uction f su* a fact is t ^! l&s mu/ once h be5 v ne>ly unit$1 :ile widely sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! _w1 & t ov] !m plants & animals h spread f a common c5tre4 ,foll[+ ! h9t ?us giv51 x has be5 conclud$ aft] m ext5d$ obs]vation1 t at "s =m] "t !re 0 ar\nd ! ,s\? ,pole a great ,ant>ctic cont95t1 or a va/ ar*ipelago ) its isl&s closely /rewn ^u ! ,s\? ,pol> sea1 :i* !n 0 n a desolate wa/e ( ice-floes1 div]sifi$ by glitt]+ iceb]gs1 b 0 mild & beautiful z ! ,pacific4 ,we h se5 t once ! ,nor? ,pol> l&s enjoy$ a temp]ate climate & abundant vegetation4 ,no d\bt ! ,s\? ,pol> regions 7 bless$ ) a simil> gold5 age4 ,s9ce ?is ,ant>ctic cont95t /ret*$ out to jo91 or ne>ly jo91 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & c]ta9 ( ! ,s\? ,pacific isl&s1 its fruits1 fl[]s1 birds1 bea/s1 & fre%-wat] fi%es 7 di/ribut$ among all ^! c\ntries4 ,:5 climatic *anges came to ! ,ant>ctic l&2 :51 p]haps1 mu* ( its %ores 7 subm]g$2 :5 deep & icy wat]s fl[$ :]e reefs & %all[s _h be52 :5 :ole isl&s sank b5ea? ! waves nev] to rise aga91--!n ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal& 7 = long ages p>t$ f ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,! att5tion ( explor]s has be5 direct$ to ! ,arctic1 r ?an to ! ,ant>ctic regions2 ?rill+ adv5tures at ! nor? h provok$ ard5t m9ds to seek adv5tures yet m ?rill+4 ,! se>* = sp]m :ales & = a ,nor?we/ ,passage has div]t$ int]e/ f ! ,ant>ctic l&1 :]e m>vels z great & rew>ds z ri*1 no d\bt1 await ! explor]4 ,n[ t int]e/ 9 ^! unkn[n regions has be5 r\s$ x may n be long be=e we le>n ! secrets hidd5 = ages 9 ice-caskets 9 ! s\?4 ,! tide ( mod]n civiliz$ life set b sl[ly t[>d ^? great cont95t-l isl&s :i* lie f> to ! s\? ( ,asia4 ,?us x happ5$ t ! plants1 animals1 birds1 & insects t foll[ ! progress ( civiliz$ man across ! _w 7 long unkn[n 9 ^! localities1 :ile _! own plants repeat$ !mselves se$-"t aft] se$-"t1 & ! helpless1 clumsy1 old-fa%ion$ fauna kept _! race intact1 liv+ undi/urb$ 9 ! me?ods ( _! e>lie/ ance/ors4 ,! hunt]'s dog & gun 7 unkn[n3 ! tee? ( hogs turn$ loose to rev]t to ! mann]s ( wild bo>s1 & ! claws ( cats relaps+ f dome/ication to ! /ate ( savage fel9e tribes1 did n mole/ ! def5celess anci5t families ( ,au/ralian bea/s4 ,s x has happ5$ t ?is c\ntry & ,new ,zeal& h pres]v$ "s m>vell\s types ( life4 ,:5 travell]s fir/ describ$ ! curi\s creatures t !y _h f\nd liv+ 9 ! ,antipodes1 _! acc\nts 7 met by t disbelief :i* has (t5 wait$ ^u ! fir/ proclamation ( tru?s4 ,! facts t ! _w is r\nd2 t1 ) reg>d to ! e>?1 ! sun is /ation>y :ile ! e>? moves2 t f> to ! nor? ! sun cont9ues = weeks above ! horizon 9 a long day )\t a night2 t "o c pass ! ,/raits ( ,gibralt>--!n call$ ! pill>s ( ,h]cules--& sail+ s\? c circumnavigate ! extremity ( ,africa1--7 long ago receiv$ z idle tales unfit = belief4 ,9 fact1 "s ( ^! /atem5ts 7 ?\ght to be s false t ! v ann\ncem5t ( !m 0 crim9al4 ,! poet tells u t ! discov]] ( ! ,nor? ,cape1 ! ,norseman ,o!re1 w5t to ! c\rt ( ,k+ ,alfr$ to relate to him ! wond]s ( ! f> nor? & ! mighty walrus hunt held !re4 ,k+ ,alfr$ c\ld n believe ! tale4 8#8,f\r days ,i sail$ to ea/w>d1 ,f\r days )\t a night3 ,r\nd 9 a fi]y r+ ,w5t ! great sun1 ,o ,k+1 ,) r$ & lurid light4' 8,"h ,alfr$1 ,k+ ( ! ,saxons ,ceas$ writ+ = a :ile2 ,& rais$ 8 eyes f 8 book1 ,) a /range & puzzl$ look1 ,& an incr$ul\s smile4 8#8,!re 7 six ( u all toge!r1 ,norsem5 ( ,helgol&2 ,9 two days & no m ,walrus we kill$ ?ree score1 ,& dragg$ !m to ! /r&4' 8,"h ,alfr$ ! ,tru?-,tell] ,sudd5ly clos$ 8 book1 ,& lift$ 8 blue eyes1 ,) d\bt & /range surmise ,depict$ 9 _! look40#ee ,su* d\bts f hone/ s\ls h att5d$ ! decl>ation ( new tru?s1 & /rangely en\gh1 extraord9>y fictions h usually be5 m will+ly receiv$ ?an extraord9>y facts4 ,:5 ! e>ly travell]s 9 ,au/ralia decl>$ t !y _h !re f\nd animals l none o!r 9 creation1 mammalian creatures t laid eggs & suckl$ _! "y2 f\r legg$1 fur or quill-we>+ animals1 t 7 too?less1 _h duck's bills1 7 aquatic 9 _! habits1 built ne/s1 & _h webb$ feet1 ! description 0 receiv$ ) a h[l ( d]ision4 ,:5 sk9s ( ! m>vell\s creatures 7 s5t home = inspection d\bt /ill rema9$1 & x 0 said t by "s skillful manipulation ! 8head ( a new k9d ( duck _h be5 fa/5$ to ! body ( a new k9d ( beav] to deceive sci5ce ) a new k9d ( animal60 ,wid] zoological k might h sugge/$ t ^! creatures :i* 7 e/eem$ m]e my?s n only exi/$ b 7 exactly :at 0 to be expect$4 ,= z 8,nature makes no leaps10 x 0 9 entire h>mony ) ! plan & progress ( creation1 t ! ord] :i* 0 l[e/ 9 ! scale ( its class %\ld %>e ! *>act]i/ics ( ! next l[] & less highly organiz$ classes4 ,! new _w _h already surpris$ ! old ) ! m>supial opossums1 & lat] ,au/ralia _h contribut$ _m o!r families ( p\*$ animals4 ,^! _h be5 plac$ 9 ! l[e/ ord] ( mammalian life4 ,b "h 0 a new type evid5tly ly+ /ill l[] 9 ! scale2 & :]eas "s o!rs ( ! newly discov]$ creatures bore "s ( ! traits ( anci5t reptiles1 ^! seem$ to ally !mselves to birds4 ,x 0 h>d to be believ$4 ,:5 at la/ ! disput$ animals _h be5 caught1 tam$1 & s5t to ,engl& & ,g]many = exam9ation1 great 0 ! amazem5t ( ! sci5tific _w4 ,articles 7 writt51 pictures 7 made1 & = a "t ! new bea/s 7 ! !me ( g5]al discussion4 ,! fir/ "n giv5 to ! fir/ specim5 0 ! platypus1 & duck-bill$ platypus 0 ! common designation = a "t f #agii4 ,! coloni/s 9 ,au/ralia mean:ile nam$ ! duck-bill$ & beav]-l animal a 8wat]-mole10 f ! fa%ion ( its feet4 ,! "n platypus1 h[ev]1 0 dropp$ because x _h already be5 conf]r$ on ano!r creature4 ,!n m le>n$ heads 7 put toge!r1 & a "n 0 produc$ s long & h>d 9 ,lat91 t ,i d>e n quote x4 ,x meant1 h[ev]1 8bird-beak$-p>adox40#ef ,probably ! reason ! poor ?+ has surviv$ su* a "n is t x kn[s no?+ ab\t x4 ,! f9d+ ( ^! curi\s animals made x necess>y to erect ano!r ord] 9 ! mammalian class1 an ord] t %\ld embrace creatures l[] 9 ! scale ?an ! m>supials4 ,f\r species "u ?is ord] h be5 f\nd1 & probably !re are no o!rs4 ,! duck-bill & ! e*idna1 or 8?orny0 creature1 are ! two mo/ int]e/+1 & ) mo/ m>k$ *>act]i/ics2 to !m we w n[ devote our att5tion4 ,we %all see t no "n m apt ?an t ( 8p>adox10 c\ld be giv5 to creatures ) su* app>5tly contradictory *>act]i/ics4 ,,footnotes3 #ee ,longfell[1 8,! ,discov]] ( ,! ,nor? ,cape40 #ef 8,orni?orhyn*us p>adoxus40 ,,lesson ,,xxvii4 ,,! ,,mallangong4 8,i'm truly sorry man's dom9ion ,has brok5 nature's social union1 ,& ju/ifies t ill op9ion ,:i* makes !e />tle40 --,,burns4 ,engli% settl]s _h n be5 long 9 ,au/ralia be=e !y 7 told by ! natives ( a v curi\s animal1 ! description ( :i* seem$ r t ( an imag9>y ?an ( a possible creature4 ,! animal 0 call$ by ! ,au/ralian natives a mallangong1 & 0 said to be v %y & secretive 9 its habits4 ,! trad]s :o he>d ^! /ories conclud$ t !y dealt ) "s fabul\s bea/s1 su* z appe> 9 ! folk-lore ( ne>ly all c\ntries4 ,b "o day a trad] :o 0 int]e/$ 9 natural sci5ce 0 /&+ on ! bank ( a pond1 :5 sudd5ly a new animal rose to ! surface ( ! wat] & swam noiselessly ab\t4 ,! creature _h ! s(t ?ick fur ( a beav] or ott]1 n[ app>5tly black1 z x 0 wet & clung closely to ! sk94 ,f\r legs ! trad] c\nt$1 & z ! feet came to ! surface !y %[$ t !y 7 webb$ & p9k-palm$ l a mole's feet4 ,/rang] /ill1 ! small1 po9t$ head appe>$ to h nei!r eyes nor e>s1 yet bore above ! wat] a l>ge1 flat duck's bill4 ,z ! excit$ trad] look$1 ! bea/ sank noiselessly out ( sight4 ,he realiz$ t he 0 ! fir/ :ite man :o _h se5 a mallangong1 & t ! /range tales 7 true tales4 ,! ,au/ralian wond] mu/ be tak5 f ! doma9 ( folk-lore & h&$ ov] to ! inve/igations ( sci5ce4 ,b y mu/ fir/ cat* y\r mallangong4 ,he consult$ ! p :o came to 8 trad+-h\se1 & !y told him t he mu/ f9d a regul> hunt] ( ! mallangong2 = ! bea/ 0 w>y & sc>ce4 ,at la/ an old native 0 br\ght to him1 :o said t he knew h[ to get ! desir$ prey2 & at once a hunt+ p>ty 0 organiz$ & arm$ "u ! old man's direction4 ,:at weapons did !y take8 ,guns & knives8 ,n at all4 ,! old hunt] _h = 8 equipm5t a long1 t\gh1 sl5d] /ick1 po9t$ at "o end4 ,?is 0 = prodd+1 n ! mallangong1 b ! gr\nd4 ,two or ?ree o!rs ( ! p>ty 7 giv5 drills & %ovels1 or pick-axes1 & s prep>$ !y set out1 ! old man lead+ ! way to ! bank ( a little /ream4 ,z he sl[ly mov$ along he ?ru/ 8 rod into ! gr\nd & twi/$ x ab\t4 ,! o!rs ( ! p>ty consid]$ ?is v dull hunt+4 8,i h f\nd him60 cri$ ! old man4 8,dig6 dig6 ,behold ! mallangong60 ,! %ovels soon laid b>e a little tunnel1 :i* ! guide said 0 made by ! animal & l$ to its ne/4 ,) "s eag]ness ! m5 foll[$ up ?is tunnel1 digg+ c>efully4 ,! process 0 long4 ,! tunnel w\nd ab\t & seem$ to h no end4 ,at la/1 ) a cry ( triumph1 ! guide laid op5 a small circul> *amb]1 & pick$ up a ball ( fur4 8,lo1 ! mallangong60 ,! animal 0 roll$ up1 its long1 flat bill be+ turn$ ab\t s t x re/$ on ! fur-clad back4 ,! feet 7 drawn up "u ! body s z to be invisible1 & ! captive seem$ ei!r dead or v s\nd asleep4 ,! trad] c>ri$ 8 prize home1 & soon x became lively & fri5dly4 ,almo/ all creatures l sug> & milk2 v few disda9 bread4 ,! prison] accept$ k9dly ! novel food (f]$ to x2 enjoy$ ! sunlight2 lo/ all fe> ( humanity :5 x 0 n treat$ ) inhumanity2 recogniz$ ! voice ( its ma/]2 came at 8 call2 & :5 he seat$ himself 9 a *air promptly climb$ to 8 %\ld] & survey$ its new surr\nd+s ) great int]e/4 ,n[ t x 0 out ( ! wat] x 0 f\nd to h no/rils 9 ! extremity ( its bill1 small1 bead-l eyes %9+ f ! mass ( fur1 & e>s acute en\gh1 ?\gh !y 7 m]ely holes hidd5 9 ! dep?s ( ! fur4 ,! h9d-feet1 :ile webb$ l ^? ( a duck1 7 palm$ l ^? ( a mole1 & spurr$ l ^? ( a roo/]4 ,:ile x enjoy$ ! w>m? ( ! sun%9e1 9 :i* x w\ld lie curl$ up 9 a ball1 z we sometimes see a cat or a dog1 x pref]r$ d>kness = its explorations4 ,at night x crawl$ ab\t ! room1 work$ its way up ! wall by brac+ aga9/ ! furniture1 & rummag$ ev]y:]e ) its busy feet & broad bill4 ,p]haps x 0 se>*+ = its fri5ds1 its native /ream1 & "s s(t e>? :]e9 to burr[4 ,a pile ( %av+s or raw cotton & /raw af=d$ ! ne>e/ approa* to an e>? bank t x c\ld f9d 9 ! w>eh\se1 & 9 su* a heap x w\ld dig until x rea*$ ! wall1 & !n x w\ld curl itself up & take "s com=t 9 be+ securely hidd54 ,a rat or squirrel 9 su* a case w\ld h gnaw$ ?r\gh ! wood5 wall & dep>t$ )\t tak+ =mal leave2 b ! mallangong c\ld n break prison 9 ?is fa%ion1 because x has no true tee?1 only sev]al horny protub]ances on ea* jaw4 ,exam9$ at leisure1 ! m>vell\s animal 0 f\nd to h *eek p\*es some?+ l ^? ( a squirrel1 & evid5tly v conv5i5t z baskets = c>ry+ food ?r\gh ! long tunnel :i* l$ to its room4 ,! temp] ( ! creature seem$ g5tle2 x made no noise ei!r = joy or pa91 b a l[ :9+ s\nd1 or1 if irritat$1 a s(t gr[l4 ,at fir/ its own] ?\ght x entirely def5celess1 b ! old native %[$ him ! spurs1 & gave in/ances :]e :5 ang]$ ! animal kick$ out ) its h9d feet & inflict$ a long deep scrat*1 :i* 0 foll[$ by symptoms ( poison+4 ,on exam9ation x 0 f\nd t ! spur 0 trav]s$ ?r\gh all its l5g? by a t9y canal1 :i* l$ to a gl& or sac at ! upp] "p ( ! leg2 ! :ole arrangem5t be+ v l ! poison gl& & fang ( a snake4 ,?is spur is pres5t 9 a rudim5t>y /ate 9 all "y mallangongs2 9 ! gr[n females x disappe>s1 & 9 ! males x v greatly enl>ges1 no d\bt because !y are expect$ to d ! fight+ = ! entire family4 ,?is animal1 popul>ly call$ by =eign]s a 8duck-bill10 & by sci5tific p a 8bird-nos$-p>adox10 is ab\t tw5ty in*es 9 entire l5g?2 x has its bill cov]$ ) t\gh sk91 & f9i%$ :]e x jo9s ! head ) a fold or ruffle ( sk92 ! fur is s(t1 f9e1 ?ick1 deep-br[n above1 & pal] on ! "u "p ( ! body4 ,! web 9 ! h9d-feet falls %ort ( ! /rong toe nails1 b on ! front feet x ext5ds beyond ! toes1 s t :5 ! feet /rike ^u ! wat] a broad surface is produc$1 enabl+ x to swim & dive swiftly & sil5tly4 ,! duck-bill is entirely aquatic 9 its habits & nev] lives f> f wat]1 mak+ its tunnel ) ! r\nd *amb]1 9 ! bank ( a pond or /ream1 s t x c come f its front door & betake itself in/antly to its favorite elem5t4 ,its mann] ( digg+ is l t ( a mole4 ,:ile digg+ x contracts or folds back ! sup]flu\s sk9 or web ( its =e-feet4 ,! burr[ has two doors1 "o j above1 ! o!r bel[ ! wat]-l9e4 ,! tunnel is f tw5ty to fifty feet long1 & ! room at ! end is l9$ ) dri$ grass & leaves1 af=d+ a s(t b$ = ! "y1 :i* are !re re>$ until !y are able to swim & =age = !mselves 9 ! wat]4 ,! food ( ! duck-bill1 or mallangong1 is g5]ally f\nd 9 ! bottom ( ! /ream or pond2 ! animal dives1 turns ov] ! /ones ) its spade-l bill1 & f9ds 9 ! ooze worms1 small crabs1 ! l>v ( beetles1 & wat] insects4 ,fill+ its *eek p\*es ) ?is prey x asc5ds to ! surface & swims quietly ab\t1 :ile x c>efully gr9ds its food into pulp ) ! bony1 too?-l projections ( ! jaws4 ,9 ?is c>eful ma/ication ! l[e/ ( ! mammals sets "s ( ! highe/ ( ! mammals a f9e example4 ,! tail ( ! duck-bill is %ort1 ?ick1 & po9t$2 x is ( v little use 9 swimm+1 & = t matt] ! h9d-feet are also little us$ 9 ! wat]1 ! broadly webb$ =e-feet be+ ! *ief paddles4 ,= almo/ ?ree qu>t]s ( a c5tury ! "q ( ! "y ( ! duck-bill p>adox 0 undecid$4 ,report 0 t ! creature laid eggs2 b !n x 0 a mammal & f$ its little ones ) milk3 h[ c\ld any mammal lay eggs8 ,9 #ahhd ! matt] 0 f9ally settl$ by indisputable pro(s4 ,! duck-bill "m lays two eggs1 less ?an an in* long & cas$ 9 /rong b flexible %ells4 ,:5 ! little ones em]ge f ! %ell !y are exce$+ly small1 & are f$ ) milk f milk-gl&s 9 ! sk9 ( ! "m1 to :i* !y atta* !mselves4 ,!y gr[ rapidly1 & :5 !y are wean$ are giv5 insect-food4 ,%ortly aft] ?is !y are l$ out ( ! tunnel1 & at once swim ) ease4 ,,lesson ,,xxviii4 ,,beside ,,au/ralian ,,riv]s4 8,he c behold ,?+s manifold ,t h n yet be5 :olly told-- ,h n be5 :olly sung or said40 --,,longfell[4 ,! fam\s mallangong has a c\s9 almo/ z m>vell\s z itself4 ,its common "n is ! porcup9e ant-eat]2 its sci5tific "n is ,e*idna4 ,:5 fir/ ! habits & anatomy ( ! duck-bill _h be5 inve/igat$ ! "q arose3 ,0 ?is a lonely species1 hav+ resemblances to _m animals & close relation%ips ) none2 sole repres5tative ( its ord]2 z isolat$ z ! hatt]ia8 ,a se>* among ! animals ( ,au/ralia br\ght to light ano!r relative4 ,illu/ration3 8,,l[ ,,d[n ,,9 ,,! ,,scale40 ,! new animal inhabit$ ! rocky di/ricts & 0 pl5tiful 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,!re1 among ! m\nta9s1 x burr[$ 9 loose s& br\ght d[n by ! wat]-c\rses1 or hid 9 crevices ( ! rock4 ,x wore ! quill ov]coat ( ! sea-ur*91 & :5 coil$ to sleep look$ n unlike a l>ge specim5 ( t rem>kable />-fi%4#eg ,9 size ! e*idna is ab\t l ! ,european h$ge-hog 7n our porcup9e72 x we>s spurs l a roo/]2 x has ! too?less jaws & ! long flexible tongue ( ! ant-eat]4 ,x is entirely insectivor\s 9 its diet1 & f t & its quills1 l a porcup9e1 x has its common "n1 8! porcup9e ant-eat]40 ,! head ( ! e*idna is small & po9t$1 its eyes are ne>ly hidd5 "u its quills2 s are its e>s1 :i* are m]ely holes )\t ext]nal app5dages4 ,! frontal bone ( ! skull is prolong$ into a slim sn\t n unlike a sl5d] bill4 ,ne> ! end ( ?is sn\t are ! no/rils4 ,?is sn\t is mo/ly cov]$ ) ?9 sk94 ,! m\? orifice is small1 b l>ge en\gh = all ! creature's ne$s2 its mann] ( eat+ is to ?ru/ out a long1 flexible1 delicate tongue cov]$ ) a glue-l sub/ance4 ,to ?is insects adh]e1 & ! tongue be+ drawn 91 ! insects are swall[$4 ,! e*idna has no tee?2 z its food is ants & small flies x ne$s none4 ,! tongue & palate are cov]$ ) f9e sp9es :i* no d\bt cru% ! insect food4 ,on acc\nt ( its diet ?is creature 0 =m]ly call$ ! ant-eat]1 b t "n has be5 dropp$1 z x belongs to a v diff]5t creature1 ! true ant-eat] ( ! ord] ,ed5tata4 ,! legs ( ! e*idna are %ort & /rong4 ,! feet are n webb$1 b are furni%$ ) v p[]ful claws1 & are admirably fitt$ = digg+4 ,! h9d-feet h su* a spur z 0 describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ! duck-bill4 ,! body ( ! e*idna is cov]$ ) a close %ort fur2 among ?is fur gr[ long sp9es ?ickly set1 :i* project above ! fur & entirely hide x4 ,^! sp9es are direct$ f ! head backw>ds1 b along ! upp] "p ( ! body a l>ge numb] ( sp9es are also turn$ inw>d2 ?us !y cross ea* o!r1 & =m a ?orny1 ne>ly imp5etrable cov]+4 ,! tail is v %ort1 & is entirely hidd5 by project+ sp9es4 ,:5 ! e*idna rolls itself up ! sp9es /& out l a bri/l+ ?orn h$ge all ov] ! ball :i* x =ms1 & ?is %>p armor is ample def5ce4 ,! m\? ( a dog1 or ! h& ( a man endeavor+ to seize ! curl$ up e*idna w\ld be spe$ily )drawn1 prick$ & ble$+4 ,! e*idna seems q aw>e ( ! def5sive quality ( its coat1 = :5 al>m$ x tranquilly curls up & defies attack4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x pref]s to take refuge 9 burr[+1 & x w disappe> z quickly z a mole or a razor-%ell clam4 ,! e*idna is less easily tam$ ?an ! mallangong2 x is re/ive1 & con/antly tries to burr[ out a pa? ( escape4 ,on ! o!r h& x seems ( a h>di] con/itution2 x has be5 c>ri$ across ! sea1 & has liv$ = "s ye>s 9 =eign zoological g>d5s4 ,! mallangong has nev] surviv$ an ocean voyage1 & has be5 se5 9 captivity only 9 its native c\ntry4 ,:5 travell+ at sea ! e*idna is depriv$ ( its natural insect-diet1 b lives v com=tably on sweet liquids4 ,! habits ( ! e*idna are nocturnal4 ,x g5]ally sleeps mo/ ( ! day1 & comes out at d>k to pr[l = insects4 ,we might at fir/ consid] ?is /range conduct1 z ! insects on :i* x fe$s fly or crawl ab\t dur+ ! day & hide by night4 ,b ?is is j :at our prickly hunt] wi%es4 ,he is n cont5t to pick up a toil+ ant "h1 & ano!r !re4 ,:5 ! ants are snugly h\s$ aft] sund[n ! e*idna se>*es out _! hills1 te>s op5 a hole 9 "o side1 ?ru/s 9 8 long nose1 & !n runn+ out 8 slim1 limb] tongue he twi/s x "h & !re1 & ! ants & _! :ite l>v#eh bundles are collect$ by scores on its viscid surface4 ,hav+ gone f "o ant-hill to ano!r until its hung] is satisfi$1 or ! morn+ dawns1 or x gr[s we>y1 ! e*idna retires to its burr[ or rock crevice4 ,on ! road x takes a dr9k ( wat]1 & makes a dess]t ( a lib]al quantity ( s& & mud4 ,z f[ls ne$ "s %>p bits ( /one or %ell 9 _! gizz>ds to help gr9d up _! food1 ! e*idna seems to ne$ 9 its /oma* gritty mat]ial to gr9d ! oily1 insect bodies & keep !m f pack+4 ,?is ne$ ( "s co>se sub/ance ) food is n conf9$ to f[ls & ! e*idna4 ,any %eep f>m] w tell y t 8 %eep mu/ be giv5 :at he calls 8r\ghness0 ) _! food4 ,! 8r\ghness0 is gr\nd or f9ely cut /raw4 ,if ?is is n giv5 ) corn & :eat1 ! %eep1 h[ev] well f$1 w become ?9 & weak1 because _! food is too ri* to be well assimilat$4#ei ,:5 %eep are graz$ & n f$1 !y ga!r _! 8r\ghness0 = !mselves1 9 dry leaves1 roots1 /ems1 & little twigs4 ,9 disposition ! e*idna is sluggi%2 seems to h no playfulness2 does n object to hav+ its nose g5tly /rok$1 b makes no fri5ds1 & except = its wond]ful con/ruction is n an int]e/+ creature4 ,9 ,tasmania !re is ! %ort-sp9$ e*idna1 :i* has mu* %ort] & weak] sp9es & mu* ?ick] fur ?an ! "o j describ$4 ,9 #ahgg a new species liv+ on a m\nta9 ?irty-five hundr$ feet high 0 discov]$ 9 ,new ,gu9ea4 ,x also _h few] sp9es & ?ick]1 r\gh] fur4 ,?is m\nta9e] ( ! e*idna family is mu* l>g] ?an 8 relatives ( l[] regions4 ,no fossil rema9s ( any great age h be5 f\nd to prove t ^! animals are ( di/ant antiquity4 ,we _c tell 9 :at age !y ent]$ into exi/5ce4 ,no rema9s ( types connect+ !m ) l[] v]tebrates on ! "o h&1 or high] mammals on ! o!r1 h be5 discov]$4 ,! only fossil portion ( an e*idna t has be5 ?us f> secur$ is a %\ld]-bone1 f\nd 9 a b$ ( bones belong+ to ext9ct species ( m>supial1 or p\*$ animals4 ,?is %\ld]-bone indicat$ an animal l>g] ?an any liv+ e*idna4 ,"o e*idna1 call$ ! ta*yglossus ( ,van ,dieman's l&1 eats grass & t5d] leaves z well z insects4 ,x lives less among rocks1 z x is v fond ( burr[+4 ,?is specim5 ( ! e*idna is a m>vell\s digg]4 ,if di/urb$ x beg9s to make a great te>+ ( e>? ) its five-to$ feet1 & s9ks out ( sight almo/ z if x w5t d[n 9 wat]4 ,p]haps y h se5 a crab p]=m ?is feat1 keep+ its eyes fix$ on y until1 pre/o6 x has vani%$ z if by en*antm5t4#fj ,! e*idna1 l its relatives1 is a milk-giv+1 egg-lay+ animal4 ,only "o egg is laid at a "t1 & t is v small4 ,! egg is tuck$ into a fold ( ! "m's sk91 n a p\* su* z ! m>supials h1 b a long fold4 ,"h x is kept w>m until x hat*es4 ,until x has atta9$ ov] "o-?ird ( its gr[? ! "m n\ri%es ! "y creature ) milk4 ,! ,e*idnid h all v quick tongues1 :i* d>t 9 & out ( _! tube-l m\?s rapid z ! play ( a snake's =k$ tongue4 ,_! m\?s are v s(t & delicate1 & 9 burr[+ ! nose is c>efully %ield$1 :ile ! claw-arm$ =e-feet d mo/ ( ! "w4 ,ow+ to ! quick movem5ts ( ! tongue "s naturali/s h ab&on$ ! "n e*idna1 :i* ref]s to ! ?orny coat1 & give ! "n ta*y-glossus1 8quick-tongu$10 to ! entire family4 ,,footnotes3 #eg ,see ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lesson #dj4 #eh ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 ,lesson #b4 #ei ,c[s f$ entirely on gra9 & roots w gnaw at f5ce-po/s & pal+s 9 an ef=t to get ! woody1 co>se sub/ance suppli$ by co>se grass /ems 9 _! ord9>y hay food4 #fj ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #a1 ,lessons #a-e4 ,,lesson ,,xxix4 ,a ,,walk ,,among ,,wond] ,,trees4 8,! groves ( ,ed51 vani%$ n[ s long1 ,live 9 description & look gre5 9 song4 ,^!1 7 my brea/ inspir$ ) equal flame1 ,l !m 9 beauty1 %\ld be l 9 fame40 --,,pope4 ,we "k t vegetable life has accompani$ & probably prec$$ all animal life4 ,! long successions ( animal exi/5ces h be5 att5d$ 9 _! m>* ?r\gh "t by an equally long succession ( plants4 ,all ^? anci5t & wond]ful liv+ creatures :i* we h not$ h be5 & are n[ mat*$ by equally wond]ful vegetable organisms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be=e ,,blossoms4 ,a few ( ! wond]ful plants ( ! _w we n[ propose to set z 9 a g>d51 & walk =? among !m 9 fancy1 & note _! m>vels4 ,come !n1 let u take a walk among wond] trees4 ,:o is !re t enjoys ! /range1 ! unique1 ! r>e1 ! gr& 9 nature8 ,let him come & walk sl[ly ?r\gh ?is wond] grove ) u1 & 8 passion = ! /range & ! unexpect$ may be satisfi$4 ,our fir/ wond] tree is notable only = its great age & va/ size4 ,x is ! ,c[?orpe oak ( ,york%ire1 ,engl&4 ,john ,evelyn1 ! pleas+ writ] & true g5tleman ( ,*>les ,second's "t1 celebrates ?is oak 9 8 book call$ 8,sylva40 ,?is noble tree is fully fifte5 hundr$ ye>s old4 ,n ! olde/ tree 9 ! _w !n1 = "s ( ! olives 9 ,ge?semane1 ne> ,j]usalem1 are suppos$ to be old] ?an t by sev]al hundr$ ye>s4 ,! gir? ( ! ,c[?orpe oak at ! gr\nd is sev5ty-eight feet4 ,=ty p]sons c /& inside its holl[ hole4 ,"o ( its ma9 bran*es broke (f 9 a gale1 & be+ cut up1 yield$ five tons ( timb]4 ,9 ,evelyn's "t ! bran*es %ad$ half an acre ( gr\nd4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ?is tree is great] ?an t ( ! ,eddy/one light-h\se4 ,t fam\s light-h\se 0 modell$ aft] an oak tree1 z giv+ ! be/ patt]n ( a well-root$1 firmly resi/+ column4 ,?is ,c[?orpe oak is n ! l>ge/ tree 9 ! _w4 ,!re is a tree 9 ,s\? ,am]ica ) a gir? ( "o hundr$ & twelve feet1 & a ,cali=nia r$-wood is kn[n t measures "o hundr$ feet ar\nd j above ! gr\nd4 ,! r$-woods belong to an anci5t ord] ( vegetation1 & d\btless x c\ld be said ( ! trees ( ! ,c>bonif]\s1 & next two or ?ree _w-build+ p]iods1 8,!re 7 giants 9 ! e>? 9 ^? days40 ,au/ralia is a l& ( wond]s1 animal & vegetable1 & "o ( its curiosities /&s next 9 our grove--! bottle tree4 ,! "n is giv5 because ( ! %ape ( ! tree1 :i* resembles a gigantic bottle4 ,?is tree is sixty feet high2 ! b>k is br[n1 smoo?1 %9+1 l ?ick glass4 ,! gir? ( ! tree is greate/ j above ! root1 :]e x is =ty feet 9 circumf]5ce2 x tap]s v little until ab\t =ty feet above ! gr\nd1 :]e x n>r[s sudd5ly into a %ape l ! neck ( a bottle2 & 9 ?is neck ! bran*es h _! base4 ,! bran*es are r ! long1 pliant /ems ( comp\nd leaves ?an real bran*es2 & ! sl5d]1 num]\s1 small leaves give a light1 fea!ry effect to ! foliage4 ,?is leafy cr[n =ms ! fanta/ic cork1 or /opp]1 ( ?is qua9t bottle4 ,! leaf-/alks rise & !n b5d ov] 9 a dome1 or umbrella %ape4 ,! bottle trees gr[ 9 groves ( ab\t ?irty ea*1 & /& a hundr$ feet ap>t1 z regul>ly z if plant$ by ! h& ( a g>d5]4 ,be c>eful & d n tread on our next tree1 ! v pigmy ( trees2 p]fect 9 root1 trunk1 bran*es1 leaves1 fl[]s1 fruit1--a dw>f *]ry tree f ,japan4 ,are ! trees ( ,japan !n ev5 m dim9utive ?an ! little1 olive-sk9n$1 & almond-ey$ p8 ,h[ did ! skilful ,japanese g>d5]s succe$ 9 mak+ ?is t9y tree8 ,= x is dw>f$ n by nature1 b by ! art ( man4 ,i once saw "o ( ^! dw>f$ *]ry trees4 ,x 0 a foot high & _h a trunk ab\t z ?ick z a lead p5cil4 ,! leaves 7 z small z ^? ( ! clipp$ box plants :i* bord]$ ! fl[]-b$s 9 my gr&mo!r's g>d54 ,!re 7 p]haps tw5ty or ?irty small1 r$ *]ries ^u x2 b ! *]ries 7 l>ge 9 proportion to ! tree4 ,?is is a curiosity m]ely1 & artificial2 we admit x = ! sake ( contra/1 & pass x by = a mighty tree t /&s next1--bo1 ! 8god tree0 f ,ceylon4 ,! bo tree is fam\s = its long life & ! rev]5ce paid to x by its ,ceylonese wor%ipp]s4 ,p]haps x 0 ! vigor & /ately beauty ( ! bo tree :i* sugge/$ to ! ,ceylonese t x 0 ei!r div9e1 or ! especial dwell+-place ( a div9ity4 ,alone ! bo tree /ood1 & = two ?\s& ye>s _h be5 ! idol ( tree-wor%ipp]s4 ,9 #ahhg a trem5d\s /orm swept ! isl& ( ,ceylon & pro/rat$ ! anci5t idol tree4 ,! fragm5ts 7 ga!r$ by ! p & cremat$ ) all ! pomp aw>d$ to dead k+s4 ,! next specim5 9 our wond] grove comes f ,africa1 ! fam\s & b5efic5t ra9 tree4 ,?is is a tall & beautiful tree1 ) widely spread+ bran*es1 gift$ ) ! a/oni%+ p[] ( extract+ wat] out ( app>5tly ! drie/ soil & atmosph]e4 ,:ile ! e>? seems absolutely p>*$1 & ! air is l ! brea? ( a furnace1 ! bless$ ra9 tree draws f some:]e abundant moi/ure1 :i* x di/ills 9 a heavy %[] f its leaves1 saturat+ all ! e>? b5ea?4 ,:at c\ld be m grateful to a hot & ?ir/y travell] ?an ?is tree1 br++ moi/ure f ! v air ( ! burn+ des]t8 ,closely alli$ to ! ,african ra9 tree is our next tree1 br\ght to our grove f ,f]ro1 ! smalle/ isl& ( ! ,can>y gr\p4 ,?is isl& is s dry t sc>cely a rivulet or spr+ is f\nd !re1 b on its rocks gr[s a tree ) n>r[ leaves t are gre5 all ! ye>4 ,a con/ant dewy cl\d surr\nds ?is tree1 & is cond5s$1 dripp+ f ! leaf po9ts l ! swift patt] ( a summ] %[]4 ,"u ! bran*es ! natives place ci/]ns & great j>s1 :i* are kept always full by ! copi\s supply provid$ by ^! trees4#fa ,com+ f ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 :]e !re are s _m m>vels1 see next 9 our wond] grove ! bread tree4 ,! tree is ( mod]ate height1 ) l>ge glossy leaves4 ,! fruit is ( ab\t ! size ( a ,hubb>d squa%1 & ta/es l bread t has a little sug> 9 x4 ,x is eat5 raw1 & is also cook$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! natives usually roa/ x 9 ! a%es1 z ! negroes ( ! ,s\? roa/ yams4 ,! bread fruit =ms ! mo/ important food /aple ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 b is n s n\ri%+ z ! yam1 :eat1 or corn2 *ildr5 f$ entirely ^u x lose fle% & /r5g?4 ,! bread tree nev] f9ds an 8(f ye>0 9 be>+1 nor a dull season2 x is lad5 ) good fruit e ye> & all ! ye>4 ,f ! timb] ! natives c build _! boats1 & !y make clo? f ! b>k4 ,s ) a ra9 tree1 a milk tree1 & a bread-fruit tree "o c\ld d v well = food1 dr9k1 %elt]1 & clo?+4 ,z we h "h 9 our wond] grove a bread tree1 x is prop] to put a milk tree close by its side4 ,wat]1 bread1 milk1 ^! ?ree trees ( our collection af=d all t is ne$ful to support life4 ,b ! milk-produc]1 ! c[ tree1 is n a native ( ,africa2 x gr[s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 on ! dry pla9s ( ,v5ezuela1 :]e food & dr9k are alike h>d to obta94 ,bless$ !n be ! %ad[ ( ?is admirable tree1 ! hope ( ! p]i%+4 ,! c[ tree rises to a noble height4 ,its /raight smoo? trunk lifts into ! air sev5ty or eighty feet be=e a bran* spr+s f x4 ,!n ! wide arms ext5d 9 fair proportions on e side1 until ! topmo/ twig is m ?an a hundr$ feet f ! gr\nd4 ,tap ! trunk any:]e1 & an abundant sap1 hav+ ! appe>ance & ta/e ( ri* new milk or cream1 fl[s to revive ! ?ir/y4 ,! sap ( our sug> maple runs freely only 9 e>ly spr+1 ! sap ( ! c[ tree is always ready4 ,:at m appropriate ?an to place ! butt] tree beside ! milk tree8 ,s we h plac$ x 9 our wond] grove1 b nature plant$ x else:]e1 = ! butt] tree gr[s 9 ,africa4 ,! butt] ( ?is tree does n fl[ spontane\sly4 ,if p want butt] x seems !y mu/ take ! tr\ble to make x1 ev5 if x comes f a tree4 ,! butt] tree produces a fruit ) a v ri* k]nel4 ,:5 ?is k]nel is gr\nd1 ! oil exudes & h>d5s into a f9e quality ( butt]1 :i* w keep sweet = a ye>4 ,david ,liv+/one1 ! celebrat$ mission>y travell]1 made kn[n to ! _w ! virtues ( ! butt] tree4 ,next let u h a tree t produces a fa%ion ( confection]y4 ,! manna tree gr[s 9 ,calabria & ,sicily4 ,9 ,augu/ ! tree is tapp$1 & ! sap sl[ly exudes1 h>d5+ "u ! hot s\!rn sun to ! consi/5cy ( fig pa/e4 ,! flavor ( ! manna :ile sweet is sicki% to ^? unaccu/om$ to x4 ,a ta/e = x seems to come by habit4 ,! product ( ! manna tree is by no means s ri* & useful z t ( our beautiful sug> maple1 b ! sap ( ! maple mu/ be prep>$ = use by boil+4 ,next to ! confection]y tree let u place 9 our grove a m$ic9e tree4 ,:o has n se5 camphor1 ! cle> :ite aromatic gum1 s useful 9 m$ic9e & 9 ! arts8 ,?is is ! product ( ! camphor tree ( ,japan4 ,9 ,borneo1 ,*9a1 & ! ,malay ,p59sula1 ! camphor trees h ! gum =m$ 9 ! trunk 9 l>ge lumps4 ,! camphor ( o!r c\ntries is obta9$ by boil+ ! wood ( ! camphor trees1 & !n cry/alliz+ ! camphor s obta9$4 ,,footnotes3 #fa ,?is tree1 call$ by ! natives ! ,til-tree1 has almo/ entirely disappe>$4 ,,lesson ,,xxx4 ,,/ill ,,9 ,,! ,,wond] ,,grove4 8,?us ! se] ,) vision cle> ,sees =ms appe> & disappe>2 ,9 ! p]petual r\nd ( /range ,my/]i\s *ange40 --,,longfell[4 ,! wond]s ( our grove are n yet exhau/$4 ,inde$ we might sp5d a lifetime "h1 if we /udi$ ?or\ghly its curiosities4 ,we c only look cursorily at a few m m>vell\s plants4 ,"h is a tree f ,jamaica1 call$ ! life tree because x gr[s s readily1 & is s t5aci\s ( exi/5ce4 ,! life tree w gr[ 9 a wet place or 9 a dry "o2 x _c be kill$ by cutt+ d[n1 = e fibre ( its roots seems to possess p[] to r5ew ! tree4 ,cut ! leaves f ! plant "o by "o1 & :]e y drop !m on ! gr\nd !y gr[1 s5d+ =? a root f any "o ( ! sev]$ ribs or ve9s4 ,cut ! leaves into fragm5ts & ! fragm5ts w gr[4 ,?is p[] 9 leaves to s5d =? rootlets & />t a new plant1 is n conf9$ to ! life tree4 ,g>d5]s w tell y t ! plants ( ! begonia tribe are gr[n by cutt+ (f a portion ( "o ( ! l>ge h&some leaves :i* di/+ui% ! begonias1 & /ick+ x 9 a little damp s&y soil4 ,x soon roots & s5ds up vigor\s leaf-/ems4 ,beside ! life tree behold its complem5t ! dea? plant ( ,java1 call$ by ! ,javanese ! kali-mujah4 ,?is is a beautiful plant1 gr[+ ne>ly f\r feet high1 ) long1 sl5d] /ems hav+ ^u !m ?orns an in* 9 l5g?4 ,^! /ems are cr[d$ ) broad leaves1 ?ick1 smoo? z sat91 he>t-%ap$1 on "o side a delicate em]ald gre51 & on ! o!r a vivid crimson m>k$ ) cream-color4 ,f ! mid/ ( ! leaf-/ems rise ! fl[] scapes1 well gu>d$ ab\t ! blossom ) f9e1 bri>-l ?orns4 ,! blossoms are milk-:ite1 ab\t ! size & %ape ( a l>ge cup4 ,^! beautiful fl[]s p\r out a /rong p]fume1 :i*1 ?\gh agreeable1 is ov]p[]+ & has poison\s qualities4 ,if p]sons inhale ?is fragrance = sev]al m9utes1 !y become fa9t1 & !n unconsci\s2 if %ut up ) ! plant 9 a close room ev5 a /rong man w\ld soon die4 ,insects t hov] ab\t ! fl[] fall dead1 & birds t come1 attract$ by its r$1 :ite1 & gre5 spl5dors1 :eel dizzily ab\t x & drop unconsci\s4 ,ev5 at a di/ance ( ?ree feet ! brea? ( ! kali-mujah w kill a bird or insect1 & w give a man a sev]e heada*e ) convulsive twit*+ ( ! muscles ( ! face4 ,o!r plants seem to avoid ! kali-mujah1 = none w gr[ 9 its vic9ity4 ,b "h is a m *e]ful specim54 ,x %\ld be ! joy ( all boys1--! :i/l+ tree f ,nubia4 ,day & night1 ye> 9 & ye> out1 ?is m]ry tree :i/les tunes ( its own compos+--*ori/] ( trees6 ,! leaves & /ems are s con/ruct$ t ?is tree becomes a %rill musical in/rum5t1 :i/l+ l\d & cle>1 ev5 :5 no w9d seems to be /irr+4 ,we h all notic$ ! %iv] & murmur 9 a grove ( p9es1 ev5 9 ! hot /illness ( a summ] noontide2 ! :i/l+ tree l ! p9e nev] ceases its peculi> music4 ,our next wond] plant gr[s 9 wat]2 x is a c\s9 ( our :ite pond-lily1 x is ! ,victoria regia :i* gr[s 9 /ill pools 9 ! ,amazon region4 ,! leaves are r\nd1 & are f six to eight feet 9 diamet]4 ,!y are %>ply turn$ up at ! edge to =m a rim1 s t ea* leaf is l a plate1 ! "u surface is crimson1 ! upp] surface gre5 ) f9e l9es2 on ?is elegant plate ! fl[] lies4 ,let u wat* a blossom op54 ,ab\t half-pa/ eight 9 ! ev5+ ! bud has sl[ly lift$ itself above ! pond1 :]e x _h gr[n subm]g$4 ,once free f ! wat] x %akes & quiv]s1 z if end[$ ) consci\s life1 & pres5tly f ! fold$ fl[] "o petal flies op52 !n = a little x re/s2 !n is aga9 agitat$1 & a second petal exp&s4 ,!n ! agitation cont9ues1 ! bud flutt]s & trembles1 & petal aft] petal spreads out2 !n a doz5 at a "t are releas$ f _! close clasp+1 & at la/ behold ! great fl[]1 two feet wide across its sn[ & gold c5tre1 a hundr$ sn[-:ite petals compos+ ! p]fect$ bloom4 ,f ! :ole blossom exhales a delicate1 ri*1 delici\s p]fume1 h>mless z ! brea? ( violets4 ,! sun rises2 ! :ite petals b5d toge!r1 &1 rock$ on ! p>5t pool1 ! ,victoria regia sleeps4 ,b z night draws on aga9 ! royal lily awakes4 ,n[ x is 9 its p]fection2 ! p]fume is m subtle2 ! petals take a flu% ( ! pale/ p9k2 x rocks on ! wat] & que5s x ?r\gh ! night4 ,& s ) a few wak+ & sleep+ nights & days1 ! royal lily's life is done4#fb ,:5 ! spl5did blossoms & ! va/ gre5 leaves h p]i%$ ! se$ boxes or pods ( ! plant rise above ! wat] & rip51 & ! ,indians call !m wat] maize1 & eat !m4 ,next to ! lovely ,regia let u place ! c5tury plant4 ,! old notion 0 t ?is 8,am]ican aloe0 bloom$ only aft] "o hundr$ ye>s ( gr[?4 ,agave ,am]icana is its true "n1 & :5 gr[+ 9 a cool climate x is v sl[ 9 atta9+ maturity4 ,at any "t betwe5 t5 & sev5ty ye>s ( age1 x may s5d up a v tall fl[] /alk1 cov]$ ) l>ge gre5i% yell[ blossoms1 :i* cont9ue op5 = sev]al mon?s4 ,z soon z x has f9i%$ fl[]+ x dies4 ,!re are _m memb]s ( ! cactus & or*id families :i* might appropriately be plant$ 9 our grove ( wond]s1 to light x up ) _! beauty1 & amaze u ) ! m>vels ( _! /ructure4 ,b = t matt] n a plant t gr[s lacks my/]ies & m>vels4 ,( all /range1 abnormal plants ! c>nivor\s1 or fle%-eat+1 are ! mo/ s+ul>4 ,sev]al memb]s ( ?is family 7 describ$ 9 ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c4 ,^? 7 all small & pretty plants1 gre5 ) dull r$ or yell[ m>ks or t+es1 & fatal only to little insects :i* 7 lur$ by ! glitt]+ bait ( honey drops spread out = !m4 ,n[ let u introduce a native ( ,au/ralia1 call$ ! /++ tree4 ,no wasp1 or hornet1 ev] _h a %>p] /+4 ,dread$ by all :o "k x1 ! /++ tree is yet a beautiful object4 ,x is only twelve feet high & has d>k1 glossy1 gre5 leaves1 & l>ge bun*es ( sc>let b]ries4 ,! tree gr[s always 9 a cone %ape & rem9ds "o ( a ,*ri/mas-tree light$ ) r$ c&les4 ,b at ! tip ( ea* projection ( ! gre51 sauc]-%ap$ leaf gr[s a deadly ?orn4 ,! lea/ t\* ( "o ( ^! ?orns fills a man or bea/ ) a t]rible pa94 ,bea/s act z if seiz$ ) hydrophobia2 human be+s /ung by ?is tree are p>tly p>alyz$1 & suff] agony = days1 or ev5 weeks4 ,! dry leaf1 w9d-bl[n1 is able to effect z s]i\s a /+ z ! leaf /ill on ! cruel tree4 ,dogs & horses t h come 9 contact ) "o ( ^! ?orns mu/ be kill$ at once1 z 9 _! pa9 !y become dang]\s4 ,let u turn f ?is cruel /++ tree to "o m useful & pleasant1 ! soap tree ( ,*ili4 ,?is is a l>ge1 h&some tree ) d>k gre5 leaves1 ca/+ a delightful %ade4 ,:5 ! r\gh1 out] b>k is /ripp$ away1 behold "u x a smoo?1 :ite b>k1 :i*1 gr\nd to p[d]1 af=ds a soap ne>ly z good z any t y c buy4 ,:o ne$ h dirty h&s or soil$ clo?+ :5 a soap tree gr[s close beside 8 door8 8,odd b>k t10 d y say8 ,come to ?is next tree & we w %[ y a yet m wond]ful b>k4 ,h y any jugs or bottles to cork8 ,d y want "s cork soles8 ,"h is ! tree on :i* !y gr[4 ,?is is ! great cork tree ( ,spa94 ,x is f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ,s\? ,europe & on ! ,nor? ,african coa/1 b ,spa9 is ! l& :]e cork collect+ is a *ief indu/ry4 ,:5 y take a cork 9 y\r h&1 let x be z ! en*ant$ /one1 to c>ry y away to ! w>m hills ( ,spa91 :]e y may see ! laugh+1 black-ey$ ,spani% boys & girls runn+ ab\t to help ! cork ga!r]s4 ,our cork tree is ?irty feet high1 ) well-spread bran*es1 & a trunk v /\t 9 proportion to ! size ( ! tree4 ,?is trunk is cov]$ ) a ?ick1 t\gh1 ela/ic b>k1 :i* is con/antly increas$ f )91 gr[+ ?ick] & ?ick]4 ,:5 ! trees are betwe5 fifte5 & tw5ty ye>s old1 ! b>k is /ripp$ (f = ! fir/ "t4 ,?is fir/ b>k is co>se & is us$ only = tann+1 & = r\gh "w4 ,aft] eight or t5 ye>s ! b>k is /ripp$ (f aga91 & ?is "t x is f9]1 & good en\gh = net-floats1 & o!r co>se "w1 z life-pres]v]s & buoys4 ,h[ev]1 9 eight or t5 ye>s m ano!r coat c be /ripp$ (f1 & ?is is f9e & beautiful cork t w br+ a good price4 ,a cork tree w live = "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t ! b>k may be regul>ly /ripp$ at int]vals ( eight or t5 ye>s4 ,! /ripp+ is done 9 ,july & ,augu/ by mak+ a cut entirely ar\nd ! /em1 j above ! gr\nd1 & a second cut j bel[ ! bran*es1 !n ?ree cuts are made l5g?wise ! tree1 & ! b>k is tak5 (f 9 long /rips4 ,! greate/ c>e is us$ to avoid injur+ ! inn] b>k4 ,^! slabs ( b>k are heat$ & slightly scor*$2 ?is causes !m to flatt51 closes up ! pores1 & gives t\ghness to ! :ole mat]ial4 ,:at %\ld we d )\t cork = jackets1 cork legs & arms1 cork app>atus 9 lifeboats1 & o!r appliances = sav+ p f dr[n+8 ,our cork tree ) its m>vell\s b>k is by no means ! lea/ valuable specim5 9 our wond] grove4 ,:at is ?is beautiful tree1 tall & /ately1 ) delicate oblong leaves1 lovely fl[]s1 & fruit l a plum8 ,x is ! tree f :i* our gutta p]*a comes1 & )\t t valuable product :at %\ld we d = _m in/rum5ts1 = pip+1 & = a good cov]+ = telegraph wires8 ,z ! ,*9ese & ,malays always cut d[n ^! noble trees to get ! juice :i* h>d5s into gutta p]*a1 sometimes ?ree or f\r millions ( ! trees are kill$ ea* ye>4 ,at t rate !y w all soon be gone4 ,:at next8 ,:y1 ! tree t be>s india-rubb] toys1 ov]%oes1 & wat]-pro( coats4 ,by good luck ! p ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,asia1 & ,africa1 :]e ! v>ieties ( india-rubb]1 or ca\t*\c1 produc+ trees are f\nd1 h le>n$ to tap ! trees & take c>e ( !m & d n kill !m = a s+le h>ve/4 ,! rubb] is ! h>d5$ juice ( ! tree2 :5 x fir/ runs out x is l milk or cream1 & h>d5s v quickly4 ,x is s5t to m>ket 9 flat cakes call$ 8biscuits40 ,trees produc+ v>i\s k9ds ( 8rubb]0 ab\nd 9 mo/ tropical c\ntries4 ,n[1 f9ally1 "h is yet ano!r specim5 9 our grove1 a small %rub1 only a tree by c\rtesy1 b "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w1 nev]!less1 & happily a h>mless curiosity1--if let alone6 ,?is is ! electric plant4 ,we h long kn[n ( ! electric eel1 & ! electric fi%1 t c give a p[]ful %ock to any?+ t\*+ !m4 ,a ,fr5* naturali/ has f\nd & inve/igat$1 9 ! =e/s ( ,india1 a %rub end[$ ) amaz+ magnetic p[]s4 ,at a di/ance ( six y>ds x affects ! magnetic ne$le4 ,if y break a leaf f ! plant1 y receive a p[]ful %ock4 ,t\* x ) ! tips ( y\r f+]s1 & y receive a %ock z f an induction coil4 ,no birds or insects light ^u x1 !y "k ! result too well2 x w\ld be c]ta9 dea?4 ,h[ d birds & insects le>n :at is safe & :at is dang]\s = !m to d8 ,i _c tell y4 ,no electric metals are f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( ?is %rub4 ,! electricity belongs solely to ! plant4 ,at two 9 ! aft]noon ! electricity is at its height2 at night ! plant ne>ly loses its curi\s prop]ties4 ,?is is no d\bt ow+ to ! dewy dampness ( night2 = dur+ a ra9 ! electricity is also lo/1 & "o c !n break (f a leaf ) impunity4 ,dur+ an electric /orm its int5sity r$\bles1 s t ! %rub becomes ne>ly z dang]\s z an electric wire4 ,,footnotes3 #fb ,"s ( ! highe/ au?orities /ate t 9 its native wat]s ! ,regia blossom la/s b "o day & two nights4 ,,lesson ,,xxxi4 ,a ,,noisy ,,family4 8,:5 ! h\nds ( spr+ are on w9t]'s traces1 ,! "m ( mon?s 9 mead[ or pla9 ,fills ! %ad[s & w9dy places ,) lisp ( leaves & ripple ( ra940 --,a4 ,c4 ,,sw9burne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bro!r ,,hop ,o' ,,my ,,?umb4 ,pass+ "o day beside "o ( ^? %all[ bas9s t are dug out ( ! clay soil ( ! we/1 to collect ! ra9fall & to s]ve z wat]+-places = /ock1 ,i saw a /range sight4 ,above ! br[n & turbid wat] project$ a r[ ( gre5 & yell[ r\ndi% knobs4 ,^! 7 plac$ at int]vals eight or t5 in*es ap>t1 ne>ly ar\nd ! edge ( ! bas94 ,look+ clos]1 ,i saw t at ! base ( ea* knob 7 two bright1 prom95t eyes4 ,i laugh$1 z :o w\ld n1 consid]+ ?is liv+ wrea? encircl+ ! pond4 ,i _h nev] be=e se5 frogs drawn up 9 su* ord]ly array4 ,= frogs ^! 71 sil5t & al]t4 ,:e!r fe> or ! heat ( ! day _h driv5 !m to ?is position ,i c\ld n tell4 ,pres5tly "o ( ! bronze-gre5 knobs elevat$ itself a little1 became evid5t head & %\ld]s1 rose above ! surface ( ! wat] ) a hop1 & paus$ on ! muddy edge ( ! bas9 = fur!r obs]vations4 ,wat*+ c>efully ,i saw t all ! knobs mov$ n[ & aga9 ) a quick1 bobb+ motion4 ,connect+ ?is motion ) ! sudd5 & f9al disappe>ance ( num]\s insects fly+ l[ ov] ! wat]1 ,i discov]$ t ! neatly ambu%$ frogs 7 tak+ _! supp]4 ,pres5tly ,i toss$ a /one lightly into ! pond1 & at once1 ) a pla% all ! noses vani%$4 ,a little lat]1 z twilight fell1 a l\d clangor ( dissonant voices told t my frogs 7 engag$ 9 _! ev5+ conc]t4 ,a family ( vocali/s are ^! frogs4 ,! o!r day ,i pass$ ?is same pond4 ,a w9t] ( sunny weeks1 ) nei!r ra9 nor sn[1 _h caus$ ! wat] to dry away until only a few in*es lay ov] ! mud 9 ! c5tre ( ! holl[4 8,:]e are all our frogs80 ask$ ,h]mie4 8,frogs hib]nate10 ,i said4 8,z w9t] closes 9 !y bury !mselves 9 masses 9 ! mud "u ! wat]4 ,"s degree ( moi/ure is ne$ful to !m at all times1 & ! mud af=ds all ! dampness & w>m? necess>y4 ,if ! pond dries away1 & ! mud h>d5s ab\t !m1 s t !y _c get out1 !y may live 9 _! imprisonm5t = a numb] ( mon?s40 8,i h he>d10 said ,h]mie1 8t frogs h liv$ %ut up 9 lumps ( coal1 9 rocks1 & 9 trees1 = a great _m ye>s4 ,d y believe t80 8,i %\ld want m reliable witnesses & m accurate in=mation ?an h ev] yet appe>$ 9 behalf ( ^! tales4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n t frogs & toads soon die if entirely %ut away f air & food1 ?\gh ) a v little air & food !y c live a long "t %ut up 9 wood or clay4 ,an old man told me he _h se5 a frog tak5 out ( a rock1 :]e x _h be5 buri$ five hundr$ ye>s1 & :5 x came out x h[l$4 ,n[ ,i "k t a frog _c h[l1#fc & ,i conclud$ t "o "p ( ?is m>vell\s tale 0 z untrue z ! o!r40 ,! frogs1 ^: sci5tific "n is ,ranid1 belong to ! l[] v]tebrates1 & are ! l>ge/ family ( _! ord]4 ,!y are sc>cely kn[n 9 ,au/ralia & ,s\? ,am]ica1 & rea* _! highe/ /ate 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,among ! be/ kn[n ( ! ,ranid 9 ,engl& & ,nor? ,am]ica is ! bull-frog1 not$ = 8 l>ge size1 8 noisy voice1 8 gre5 coat lac$ ) gold1 & 8 silv]y ve/4 ,! mo/ curi\s =ms ( frogs are f\nd 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! ,oceanic ,isl&s usually h v few examples ( ! ord]4 ,frogs c endure great *anges ( heat & cold1 & c live on l& z well z 9 wat]1 provid$ !y h ! am\nt ( moi/ure ne$$ to pres]ve ! suppl5ess ( ! sk92 b salt wat] is fatal to ! frog 9 any /age ( its exi/5ce4 ,= ! /udy ( ! ,ranid let u return to ! repres5tative be/ kn[n to u1 ! lu/y croak] ( ! summ] pond4 ,! frog dress$ 9 gre51 silv]1 bronze1 & gold is an exp]t swimm]1 a mighty leap]1 an e>-splitt+ vocali/1 aquatic 9 8 ta/es1 nev] w&]+ f> f 8 native pond except :5 s5t to m>ket1 & !nce s]v$ up at ! table z a da9ty4 ,b on ! table we %\ld n "k him = our frog2 only 8 h9d qu>t]s appe>1 & ^! sk9n$ & fri$ are mu* l ! legs ( a spr+ *ick54 ,a mo/ h>mless1 timid1 & int]e/+ bea/ie is ! frog1 & (t5 mo/ un=tunate1 be+ consid]$ a legitimate m>k = all ! /ones t c be ?r[n at him by ur*9s w&]+ ar\nd 8 native pool4 ,moreov]1 he is fill$ ) mortal t]ror :5 ) /ately progress a swan or a goose sails ov] ! wat] or se>*es 9 ! h]bage :]e he hides4 ,:at c we d to give ?is victim ( geese & small boys a c]ta9 human int]e/1 & w9 = him f ! boys respect & fri5d%ip1 r ?an pelt+8 ,let u look at him4 ,we h describ$ ! colors ( 8 sk91 :i* is smoo?1 hav+ no scales or plates4 ,! yell[ color is laid ^u ! bronze-gre5 gr\nd 9 /ripes & spots1 ! /ripes ext5d+ f ! nose to ! end ( ! back ) a %ort] /ripe on ea* side4 ,! front feet or h&s are divid$ into f\r f+]s1 & ! front legs are mu* %ort]1 small]1 & weak] ?an ! h9d ones1 :i* are l>gely develop$1 & are us$ 9 swimm+ & leap+4 ,! feet ( ! h9d legs are webb$ & h five f+]s or toes4 ,! frog has a backbone1 b no ribs4 ,z he is ribless he _c exp& & contract 8 *e/ 9 brea?+1 s t he mu/ swall[ :at air he wants4 ,9 swall[+ air he mu/ close 8 m\? & take ! air 9 only by ! no/rils2 !re=e1 oddly en\gh1 if 8 m\? is =cibly kept op5 he may be smo!r$4#fd ,! frog's brea?+ is p>tly ?r\gh its sk91 :i* gives (f c>bonic acid gas2 & moi/ure is z ne$ful to a frog's sk9 z to ! gills ( a fi%4#fe ,! frog likes damp1 ra9y wea!r1 & is z fond z a *ild ( play+ 9 a puddle4 ,z soon z ra9 falls out come ! frogs4 ,! frog's sk9 absorbs moi/ure1 :i* x /ores up 9 an int]nal res]voir4 ,:5 a frog is al>m$ by be+ sudd5ly seiz$1 x ejects "s ( ?is wat]4 ,p h fanci$ t su* wat] 0 poison\s1 b x is n4 ,frogs h no poison sacs1 & no weapons4 ,toads also give out a fluid f ! sk94 ,op5 our frog's m\?4 ,!re are a few t9y tee? on ! upp] jaw & palate2 ^! are = p>tially gr9d+ up horny insects4 ,see ?is odd tongue2 x is fa/5$ at ! front end to ! m\?1 & ! h9d] "p is free & hangs d[n ! creature's ?roat4 ,?is tongue is cov]$ ) a glue-l secretion1 & :5 an insect is to be captur$ ! tongue is snapp$ =w>d f ! m\?1 & ! insect adh]es z to bird-lime4 ,"s frogs h *eek-p\*es1 & "s drum-l ?roat-plates1 :]e) to make _! l\d croak4 ,:at is ! life hi/ory ( our frog8 ,f se$ to se$ is plant-life /ory2 f egg to egg is frog /ory4 ,! eggs ( ! frog are deposit$ 9 r\ndi% masses atta*$ to /icks ly+ 9 wat]1 or to ! /ems & leaves ( subm]g$ wat]-plants4 ,! creature :i* comes f ?is egg is no m l a frog1 ?an a cat]pill> is l a butt]fly4 ,x has a big head & no limbs1 & :at ( x is n head seems to be tail4 ,9 fact1 9 ?is /age ! creature is m l a fi% ?an a frog1 & has bran*$ gills4 ,! gills are ne>ly cov]$ by a fold ( sk94 ,h y se5 x8 ,x is a tadpole4 ,?is tadpole c live only 9 wat]1 & swims & fe$s f ! fir/ in/ant ( its free life4 ,*ange 9 its %ape beg9s almo/ imm$iately3 ! bran*$ gills are drawn )9 ! neck & hidd52 a pair ( =e-legs beg9 to bud1 & !n a pair ( h9d-legs bud & pu% out fa/] ?an ! =e-legs4 ,z ! legs gr[ ! tail is gradually absorb$ & disappe>s4 ,mean:ile ! int]ior ( ! body *anges2 ! lungs & he>t become l ^? ( a reptile4 ,:5 fir/ ! tadpole em]g$ f ! egg x ate ! jelly-l egg cov]3 !n1 by means ( a pair ( little horny jaws1 x ate s(t animal or vegetable matt]4 ,:5 its gills & tail are gone1 & its legs are fully =m$1 x hops out ( ! wat] a p]fectly =m$ frog4 ,tadpoles fe$ on insects & also on ea* o!r4 ,!y are admirable prep>]s ( small skeletons4 ,try ! tadpole at ?is trade2 drop into 8 pond a dead m\se1 or bird1 or frog1 or squirrel4 ,soon y w f9d a clean1 :ite skeleton1 nice en\gh to put 9 any museum4 ,! food ( ! adult frog is *iefly insects4 ,less hungry ?an :5 9 ! tadpole /ate1--= ! tadpole l ! *ild mu/ n only eat to live b to gr[--! frog is n (t5 tempt$ to v>y 8 diet4 ,! frog1 seat$ 9 cool leaf %ad[s1 wat*es ) 8 great1 black1 gold-r+$ eyes = su* insects z good =tune %all s5d pa/ 8 retreat4 ,z "o hov]s ne>1 out flies 8 limb]1 /icky1 not*$1 ribbon-l tongue1 true to its m>k4 ,! insect adh]es to ! visc\s surface ( ! project$ ribbon1 & is g5tly deposit$ 9 ! op5 ?roat4 ,dur+ ?is process ! frog ma9ta9s a calm1 sup]ior1 self-satisfi$ expression1 z if 9 ?is /ill hunt he n s mu* satisfi$ an appetite1 z fulfill$ a mission ( ridd+ nature ( sup]flu\s insects4 ,he seems to h no malice t[>d ! insects2 he is m]ely giv+ !m an honorable burial1 & sav+ !m f ! fur!r p]plexities ( life4 ,! common frog atta9s a l5g? ( ?ree or f\r in*es4#ff ,he has gl&ul> ridges d[n ! sk9 ( 8 back1 & ^!1 ) 8 colors1 s+ul>ly fit him = 8 home3 ! d>k] ridges imitat+ plant-/ems2 ! gre5 coat1 leafage2 ! silv] ve/1 ! glimm] ( wat]2 ! br[ni% feet & m>k+s1 ! moi/ e>?2 :ile ! yell[ m>k+s add to ! protective display1 9 be+ l ! /am5s & pi/ils ( surr\nd+ fl[]s1 & ( ! hue ( _m buds & blossoms4 ,?us ! frog 9 8 native haunts is protect$ by 8 g>m5ts1 & is little likely to be se5 unless he moves1 or is betray$ by 8 full1 bright eyes or ! palpitations ( 8 brea/4 ,:ile ! common frog repres5ts ! aquatic ,ranid1 8 c\s91 ! wood-frog1 repres5ts a bran* ( ! widely di/ribut$ family :i* pref]s dry dwell+s1 except 9 ! bre$+ season1 :5 ! eggs mu/ be deposit$ 9 wat]4 ,! wood-frog is small] ?an ! bull-frog1 & is dress$ 9 olive-gre5 & %ades ( br[n1 l ! colors ( dead leaves & dry twigs4 ,!re is a l>ge black pat* on ! side ( ! head ar\nd ! big e>-drum4 ,! wood-frog takes su* enorm\s leaps t x is v difficult to cat*4 ,x is %y1 & makes a prodigi\s jump at ! fir/ h9t ( dang]4 ,:5 x drops to ! gr\nd x is sc>cely disc]nible f ! dry vegetation ab\t x4 ,! wood-frog ma9ta9s ! moi/ure ( its sk9 by hid+ 9 damp moss or 9 decay$ logs1 & 9 little holl[s 9 ! gr\nd4 ,x avoids ! sun%9e1 & keeps close to ! e>?4 ,! tree-frog is ano!r curi\s frog4 ,small] ?an its c\s9s1 x is dress$ 9 bright gre51 spott$ ) black1 & has a membrane /ret*$ betwe5 its toes1 :i* gives its feet a broad1 flat surface1 & helps to su/a9 x z x leaps f bran* to bran*1 some:at 9 ! fa%ion ( a fly+ squirrel4 ,9 tropical l&s1 :]e _m trees are deck$ ) gorge\s blossoms1 tree-frogs appe> v gaily color$1 ! spl5dor ( ! coat be+ protective 9 su* surr\nd+s4 ,! swamp-frog is dress$ 9 black & light br[n1 & lives 9 m>%es 9 ! ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,its voice is a prolong$ croak4 ,! clamata1 or 8bawl+-frog10 lives ab\t cold1 damp spr+s1 & is v noisy4 ,! res\nd+ ro> ( ! bull-frog is a well-kn[n s\nd4 ,no wond] t ,horace1 ! ,roman poet1 wrote t 8! noisy frogs f ! m>%es drive away sleep40 ,cats1 geese1 owls1 vultures1 hawks1 ott]s1 & o!r creatures eat frogs1 & ! luckless creatures c h>dly appe> )\t f9d+ an enemy4 ,to balance ?is de/ruction ( _! =ces !y produce great numb]s ( eggs4 ,:5 tadpoles fir/ rea* ! frog /ate !y are black4 ,i h se5 hundr$s ( !m toge!r1 s t ! pond mud seem$ alive & crawl+4 ,,footnotes3 #fc ,frogs & toads sometimes squeal or cry ) pa9 or t]ror4 #fd ,z ^! animals respire also ?r\gh ! sk9 !y may live sometime )\t brea?+ ?r\gh ! no/rils4 #fe ,see ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lesson #dj4 #ff ,our l>ge bull-frog is eight or twelve in*es long4 ,frogs ev5 "o or two feet long 7,hold]'s ,zology7 h be5 f\nd1 b su* a size is v unusual4 ,,lesson ,,xxxii4 ,,! ,,frog',s ,,c\s94 8,sweet are ! uses ( adv]sity1 ,:i* l a toad1 ugly & v5om\s1 ,we>s yet a preci\s jewel 9 8 head40 --,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,belong+ to ! same class ( v]tebrates z ! frog1 to ! same ord] also1 b to a diff]5t sub-ord]1 are ! toads1 ! c\s9s ( ! frogs4 ,z ! frog is well kn[n ab\t ! ponds1 s ! toad is a con/ant inhabitant ( our groves & g>d5s4 ,we introduce ! frog to an admir+ public z ,mr4 ,rana1 ! toad z ,mr4 ,bufo4 ,! ord] to :i* ! frogs & toads belong is divid$ accord+ to ! /ructure ( ! base ( ! skull & ! %ape ( ! %\ld] girdle4 ,9 g5]al anatomy ! frogs & toads are alike4 ,! eggs & "y are closely simil>1 & ! /ages ( gr[? f egg to ! adult =m are ne>ly id5tical4 ,:5 ! adult =m is rea*$ ! frogs & toads are yet v t9y creatures1 b small z !y are ! mo/ casual obs]v] c di/+ui% !m f ea* o!r by ! %ape ( ! sn\t1 & by ! f> l>g] developm5t ( ! h9d-legs ( ! frog4 ,! *ief diff]5ces to be not$ betwe5 ,mr4 ,rana & 8 c\s91 ,mr4 ,bufo1 are ^!3 ! toad has no tee?1 b ! frog1 z we h se51 has tee? on ! upp] jaw & palate4 ,! atta*m5t ( ! tongue is ! same1 b ! free end ( ! frog's tongue is =k$1 & ! toad's is n4 ,! toad's sk9 is usually w>ty1 ! frog's is smoo?2 ! toad has a r\nd] body1 %ort] h9d-legs1 & its feet are less fully webb$2 its sn\t is m r\nd$ ?an t ( ! frog4 ,we f9d1 let u say1 a toad & a frog 9 our morn+ ramble4 ,we notice ! s(t1 moi/ sk9 & say1 8,^! are amphibians40 ,we see t !y are tailless1 & we say !y are anurans1 or tailless amphibians4 ,!n hav+ plac$ !m toge!r ?us f>1 we note _! diff]5ces1 & we say ( ! frog1 8,?is belongs to ! ,ranid10 & ( ! small] c\s91 8,"h is "o ( ! ,bufonid40 ,( ! two1 we may f9d ! toad ! m int]e/+ animal1 z among its k9sfolk are "s v rem>kable families4 ,mr4 ,bufo is a citiz5 ( ! _w1 except ( ! sev]ely cold pol> regions4 ,he hops ?r\gh ! tropics & ! temp]ate zones1 & goes pretty well up into ! pol> regions2 an in(f5sive1 g5tle1 humble1 useful1 & g5]ally utt]ly sil5t creature4 ,no p]son is faultless1 & ,bufo is n sup]ior to humans 9 t no evil may be laid to 8 *>ge4 ,he does eat bees4 ,happy is ,mr4 ,bufo :51 brig&-l1 he c /& by ! highway ( ! bees return+ lad5 ) weal? ( honey & ent]+ _! wax5 city4 ,he holds 8 captives = no ransom1 he sc>cely /ays to kill !m1 b swall[s !m alive & :ole1 & dige/s !m lat]4 ,z f> z we "k1 ?is bee-eat+ is ,bufo's "o fault2 to c\nt]balance x he dev\rs millions ( h>mful insects1 & s assur$ly saves ! _w ?\s&s ( bu%els ( fruit & vegetables4 ,we w n say t ,bufo is gre$y 9 eat+4 ,x is true t he swall[s insects ceaselessly & swiftly1 s mu* s t a gras%opp]'s legs1 or "s o!r creature's ant5n1 may sometimes be se5 /ick+ out ( a toad's m\?1 :ile ! c>cass is well d[n 8 ?roat--b we w n be h>d on him2 we call ?is--zeal\s att5tion to bus9ess4 ,! ,fr5* g>d5]s appreciate ,bufo's usefulness1 & he is br\ght alive to m>ket to be sold to ^? :o ne$ 8 help 9 _! g>d5s4 ,bufo c be tam$ & taught to eat f y\r h&4 ,he c be beguil$ ) sug>1 & ) bread soak$ 9 milk4 ,z to ?is la/ da9ty1 l a capti\s *ild1 he eats out ! middle ( ! slice & leaves ! cru/6 ,!re are ?ree my?s ab\t ! toad3 fir/1 t he c live dur+ c5turies %ut up 9 clay or /one2 ?is is no m true ( ,bufo ?an ( 8 c\s9 ,rana4 ,! second my? is t 8 sk9 :5 h&l$ causes w>ts1 & t ! fluid he dis*>ges is poison\s2 ?is is an idle tale4 ,! ?ird allegation is1 t he has a jewel 9 8 head4 ,?is has be5 believ$ f v anci5t times2 p]haps ! /ory rose f ! beauty ( 8 eyes1 ) _! iris ( flame-color4 ,! eggs ( ! toad are deposit$ closely set side by side 9 a long transp>5t tube :i* is dropp$ into wat]1 & s9k+ to ! bottom coils up until ! eggs hat*4 ,! "y tadpoles are jet black & v active4 ,!y make all _! *anges v e>ly & 9 ! same mann] z ! frog1 & are q small :5 !y arrive at ! p]fect toad-%ape4 ,z soon z !y h produc$ f\r legs & _! tails h be5 absorb$1 !y leave ! wat] & set (f on long j\rneys2 = ! toad is a born vagrant1 & n1 l ! frog1 a home-/ay]4 ,avoid+ ! sun's heat !y travel *iefly by night1 & by day hide "u /ones or h]bage4 ,if cl\ds cov] ! sky !y take he>t & hop =? on _! pilgrimage4 ,dur+ a long dr\ght !y disappe>1 b if a ra9 comes !y sudd5ly sw>m out by hundr$s1 & ?us h aris5 ! tales ( a 8%[] ( toads40 ,go+ "o day into my g>d51 ,i saw "u my favorite rose tree a little holl[ 9 ! loose e>?4 ,x look$ j l ! cup-%ap$ impression made by an egg half buri$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,an h\r lat]1 ,i f\nd a toad seat$ 9 ?is place1 :i* he _h evid5tly fa%ion$ = himself 9 ord] to pres]ve ! moi/ure ( 8 body1 :ile he hunt$ = 8 d9n]4 ,8 ke51 black eyes 7 fix$ on ! droop+ /em & leaves ( ! rose-bu%1 & out & 9 play$ 8 little ribbon-l tongue1 captur+ an insect at e d>t4 ,! toad fe$s on worms z well z flies1 & :5 aft] a ra9 ! worms & toads are mutually inspir$ to take _! walks abroad1 _m a luckless worm f9ds its way into ! toad's maw4 ,he nev] eats a dead insect4 ,9 w9t] ! toad hib]nates l ! frog1 & s9ce ! "y toad rea*es its adult size 9 ! autumn1 x passes ! fir/ p]iod ( its gr[n-up life 9 a sleep1 or coma1 9 "s hole or burr[ :i* x has f\nd or fa%ion$ 9 ! e>?4 ,sometimes toads creep into rock-crevices or into holl[s 9 logs & trees1 & be+ f\nd 9 ^! places e>ly 9 ! spr+1 are ha/ily suppos$ to h be5 prison]s = _m ye>s4 ,! toad1 z well z ! frog1 ca/s its sk9 9 ! process ( gr[?4 ,:5 ! sk9 has become too small1 & ! %$d+ approa*es1 ! :ite1 gre51 & br[n colors ( ! coat become dull1 & a peculi> dryness appe>s4 ,a new sk9 is =m+ "u ! outgr[n "o1 :i* pres5tly splits 9 half d[n ! middle ( ! back & ! "u "p ( ! body4 ,! toad n[ beg9s to twi/ & twit*1 & ! old sk9 wr9kles & folds along ! sides4 ,!n ! toad tucks a h9d-leg "u 8 =e>m1 & gives a good pull1 & lo1 he is out ( t leg ( 8 tr\s]s4 ,!n ! o!r leg comes (f 9 ! same /yle4 ,next he puts "o ( 8 h&s 9 8 m\?1 & giv+ a j]k1 (f comes ! cov]+ ( t h& & arm1 l a disc>d$ glove4 ,!n (f ) ! o!r4 ,n[ !n1 :at8 ,:y1 he rolls ! outgr[n sk9 into a neat ball & swall[s x4 ,no second-h& clo!s sold or giv5 away by ,mr4 ,bufo4 ,! frog /rips (f & disposes ( 8 sk9 9 ! same way4 ,toads & frogs c *ange to "s ext5t ! color ( _! sk9s to suit _! homes4 ,toads kept 9 ! d>k ) d>k surr\nd+s become d>k 9 color2 & ^? kept 9 light ) :ite or light accessories become light]2 b ! color ( ! toad *anges m sl[ly ?an t ( ! frog4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! color does n alt]2 ! *ange is m]ely f light to d>k4 ,let u n[ look at "s curi\s specim5s ( ! ,bufonid4 ,! pipa1 or ,sur9am toad1 does n lay its eggs 9 wat]4 ,! "m toad places ! eggs on h] back1 & a fold ( sk9 ris+ up encloses ea* egg 9 a sep>ate cell1 until ! "y h n only hat*$1 b h pass$ ?r\gh all _! metamorphoses1 & come out fully =m$4 ,ano!r toad1 common 9 ,europe & ,asia1 is l>gely color$ ) bright crimson1 & ! fa!r toad c>ries ! little ones 9 sep>ate cells fa/5$ to 8 h9d-legs l *a9s4 ,9 ^! cells ! little ones *ange to _! p]fect %ape1 :5 ! cells )] away & ! "y toads hop out able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,we said t toads 7 g5]ally sil5t2 a little toad ab\t ?ree in*es long1 call$ a 8natt]-jack10 is common 9 ,engl& & is a not$ s+]1 = a toad4 ,8 8gluck-gluck1 gluck-k-k10 c be he>d any night4 ,! 8gre5 toad10 well kn[n on ! cont95t1 is n s noisy z ! natt]-jack1 b has a l[1 moan+ cry4 ,all ! true tree-toads1 or ,hylid1 h cle>1 %rill voices1#fg & are fond ( s++ s]5ades4 ,l tree-frogs1 tree-toads h ! ends ( ! toes dilat$ into flat plates1 or disks1 :i* r5d] _! foot+ m secure z !y hop among ! bran*es4 ,our ,am]ican ,hylid are small1 gre5-color$ ) br[n m>k+s1 b 9 ,asia !y are (t5 brightly color$4 ,"o v pretty little ,hyla lives ne> ponds1 & seat$ on ! h>d leaves ( wat]-plants s+s its %rill monoton\s song4 ,all summ]1 f e>ly ,april1 ! ,hylid trill & s+1 b z ! autumn fro/s come1 _! songs beg9 e>li] & la/ long]4 ,z ! r$ & yell[ leaves fall 9 %[]s f ! trees1 & ! gold5-rod & a/]s beg9 to fa9t & die among ! s]e grasses1 ! ,hylid seem to be s++ _! requiem1 & bewail+ ! com+ ( w9t]4 ,ano!r toad ) a voice is ! spade-foot4 ,?is toad is r>e ?\gh widely di/ribut$2 x is rem>kable = its feet1 %ap$ = digg+1 its subt]ranean habits1 & its curi\s way ( appe>+ & disappe>+ v sudd5ly4 ,aft] a ra9y season ! spade-foot w come out f "s hid+-place1 attract att5tion by l\d cries1 sw>m by hundr$s ab\t ponds1 lay innum]able eggs1--& vani%4 ,b :ile ?\s&s ( eggs are laid1 scores only hat*1 = mo/ ( !m p]i% f be+ laid s ne> ! wat]'s edge t ! subsid5ce ( ! wat] leaves !m to dry up4 ,:ile scores hat*1 only t5s gr[ up2 = ! spade-foot tadpoles dev\r "o ano!r1 & are s gre$y t v few survive4 ,^! few are mo/ rav5\s 9 _! appetites4 ,a spade-foot tadpole w seize a gras%opp]1 & be+ too small to swall[ ov] half 8 prey1 w calmly lie wait+ = ! swall[$ half to dige/ 9 ord] t he may gulp d[n ! rema9d]4 ,z soon z a spade-foot tadpole becomes a 8hopp]10 gett+ f\r legs & los+ its tail1 x leaves ! pond & indulges its digg+ in/9cts4 ,x scrapes out a h\se = itself1 f eight in*es to two feet 9 l5g?1 & *e]fully takes up an und]gr\nd resid5ce4 ,?us we f9d t toads h ?ree diff]5t me?ods ( life1 "s be+ arboreal1 or tree dwell]s1 seldom appe>+ on ! gr\nd2 "s subt]ranean1 or und]gr\nd dwell]s seldom appe>+ on ! surface2 "s dwell]s on ! gr\nd1 hid+ among grass & o!r h]bage :5 asleep1 or :5 ! sun is too hot = _! com=t4 ,b all toads1 except ! two v>ieties m5tion$ above1 :i* c>ry _! "y on _! bodies1 g to ! wat] to drop _! eggs1 & ! "y live 9 ! wat] until !y rea* ! adult /ate4 ,,footnotes3 #fg ,9 ! spr+ ! common toad takes to ! wat] & !re s+s l\dly4 ,! l\d cont9u\s trill t we he> 9 swamps 9 spr+time is made by toads1 n by frogs1 z is commonly suppos$4 ,,lesson ,,xxxiii4 ,,! ,,salam&]s4 8,! r>e/ ?+s ) wayw>d w ,b5ea? ! cov]t hide !m /ill2 ,! r>e/ ?+s to break ( day ,look %ortly =?1 & hie away40 --,,joanna ,,baillie4 ,frogs & toads belong to ! class ,batra*ia1 a division ( v]tebrates :i* /&s int]m$iate betwe5 fi%es & reptiles1 p>tak+ 9 ! diff]5t /ages ( _! lives ( "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( bo? ^! classes4 ,! eggs ( batra*ians are g5]ally laid 9 wat] or damp places1 & ! "y brea!1 n ?r\gh lungs b ?r\gh gills4 ,to ! class ,batra*ia belong n only frogs & toads1 b sir5s1 mud-fi%1 8wat]-dogs10 & salam&]s1 all ( :i* are int]e/+ animals4 ,among !m !re is a species ( salam&] :i* is di/+ui%$ f all o!r batra*ians1 because its "y ones are born alive4 ,i rememb] read+ :5 ,i 0 a *ild1 ( a v rem>kable bea/ call$ a salam&]1 :i* c\ld live 9 fire2 & "o ( my books _h a ?rill+ description ( "o ( ^! little animals :i* _h come =? f a burn+ log 9 ! mid/ ( a blaze1 & ran *e]fully ab\t 9 ! flames1 sport+ & enjoy+ itself4 ,?is my? ( ! sup]iority ( ! salam&] to fire is wide-spread & anci5t4 ,x is a common say+ t a p]son :o is n easily affect$ by heat is 8a p]fect salam&]40 ,! /ories ( "s old-"t naturali/s ab\t ! salam&]s are amus+4 ,we are told t ! creature c n only live 9 fire1 b is born 9 x2 t pass+ ?r\gh a fire x ext+ui%es x2 t smi?s f9d+ ! =ge fires go+ out1 always knew t a salam&] 0 play+ !re91 & m5d$ ! fire by kill+ ! animal4 ,ano!r my? 0 t ! salam&] 0 ! mo/ poison\s ( all creatures2 if x crawl$ ov] a p]son's foot t p]son's entire body 0 poison$1 ! hair fell out1 & l+]+ dea? 0 ! result2 wood1 ov] :i* a salam&] _h crept 0 poison\s2 ! creature's brea? 0 a deadly poison4 ,"s ?\ght ! animal wore hair1 o!rs t x wore fea!rs or fur1 b all agre$ t clo? wov5 ( its coat 0 fire-pro(4 ,belief 9 ^! fanta/ic /ories long surviv$4 ,:at is ! tru?8 ,! salam&] is n at all poison\s2 on ! contr>y1 l mo/ o!r batra*ians1 x is h>mless & helpless1 & obta9s its bad "n no d\bt f its g5]al lack ( beauty1 ( ei!r %ape or color4 ,x is ugly & !re=e v5om\s1 is ! reason+4 ,?is is h>d4 ,:at if we %\ld reason t a p]son is unh&some & !re=e vici\s8 ,! sk9 ( ! salam&] is gl&ul>1 & is capable ( secret+ mu* fluid1 & :5 ! creature is t]rifi$ or excit$ ?is secretion increases1 & ! fluid cov]s ! sk94 ,ow+ to ?is fluid1 a salam&] :i* by any means f9ds itself 9 a fire1 might move ab\t = a m9ute or two look+ = an exit f ! flames1 & get out sca!less1 ?anks to its wat]y coat4 ,besides1 ^! cold-blood$ animals are to a c]ta9 ext5t ins5sitive ^u ! surface ( ! body1 & w\ld suff] little pa9 9 a brief soj\rn 9 a flame4 ,! /ories ( salam&]s sudd5ly appe>+ 9 a fire z if born !re1 c be expla9$ by ! fact t !y hide & sleep 9 decay$ logs1 "u /ones1 or among dry1 dead /icks1 & s might be v likely to wake up 9 a fire k9dl$ out ( doors4 ,! l>ge/ ( all ! salam&]s belongs 9 ,asia1 & is f\nd 9 ,?ibet & ,japan4 ,x is ! l>ge/ ( ! batra*ians1 & is ab\t ?ree feet 9 l5g?4 ,i once saw p]haps ! l>ge/ specim5 ev] f\nd1 ! giant ( salam&]s4 ,x 0 two feet1 five in*es high1 f its soles to ! top ( ! ar* ( its back1 & ?ree feet1 five in*es long f nose to tail tip4 ,its color 0 a ru/y black1 & its sk9 0 cov]$ ) ?ick knobs or granulations1 mak+ x look z if dress$ 9 v h>d & old emboss$ lea!r armor4 ,! head ( ! salam&] is l>ge & r\nd$2 ! tail is /iff & elongat$2 ! legs v %ort2 ! h9d feet are five-to$1 ! front feet h only f\r toes4 ,! legs & feet are ?ick & clumsy1 & ! l>g] salam&]s are heavy & in]t 9 _! motions4 ,f> f f9d+ fire _! native or pref]r$ elem5t1 ! salam&]s l cold1 damp places2 _! eggs are dropp$ 9 wat] & hat* !re1 except ^? ( ! spott$ salam&] ( ,spa94 ,! "y ( ^! ,spani% salam&]s are at bir? ab\t half or ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* long1 ) bran*$ gills4 ,!y look l tadpoles or 8pollywogs10 & at once take to ! wat] & rema9 !re until !y rea* ! adult =m4 ,! salam&] l>v gr[ to consid]able size be=e !y make _! f9al *ange ( =m4 ,_! gills are v l>ge1 & z !y swim ab\t !y look z if !y _h trimm$ _! necks ) foliage4 ,9 ! wat] !y f9d !mselves v com=table until !y approa* ! adult p]iod4 ,!n !y become re/less & dig holes = !mselves 9 ! mud or s& ( ! /reams or ponds :]e !y live4 ,^! lairs exactly fit _! bodies1 & are s plac$ t z !y lie !re ) _! heads out ( wat] e slight rise or ripple ( ! wat] w ov]fl[ !m & keep ! lairs well wet4 ,?us !y brea! 9 ! wat] by _! gills1 & at ! same "t practice air-brea?+2 = _! gills are n[ %rivell+ away1 & !y are progress+ t[>d ! air-brea?+ condition ( ! true salam&] /ate4 ,a salam&] mu* l ! spott$ "o1 b hav+ no light] spots on its sk91 lives 9 high l&s :]e !re are no /agnant wat]s fit = a re/+-place = its eggs4 ,?is black salam&]'s "y ones are born two at a "t1 & are 9 all respects except size1 precisely l _! p>5ts4 ,! a%-color$ salam&] is common 9 ! woods ( ! ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is only a few in*es long1 b is n s small z its c\s9 ! 8microscopic salam&]10 a native ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 a li!1 brisk little creature1 ( a gray color1 fond ( hid+ 9 logs & "u b>k or /ones4 ,black1 gray & du/-color are ! usual %ades ( a salam&]'s coat1 b 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s "s may be f\nd adorn$ ) r$1 yell[1 & gre5 spots & /ripes4 ,a v common v>iety 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! r$-b&$ salam&]1 di/+ui%$ n only = ! r$ b& d[n 8 back1 b = 8 activity 9 climb+4 ,%ut him 9 a room & he d>ts up ! wall lightly z a sailor goes up a ma/4 ,put him 9 a glass case1 he runs up ! glass ) ! ease ( a fly1 & hangs f ! plate at ! top back d[nw>d1 mov+ 8 dumpy head f side to side4 ,y almo/ fancy a gr9 on 8 wide m\?1 & a le] 9 8 bright1 black eyes1 z if he said1 8,h[ does ?is /rike y80 ,! secret ( ^! feats is1 t he c adh]e to smoo? surfaces by means ( a moi/ure diffus$ ov] ! l[] "p ( 8 body & ! soles ( 8 feet4 ,! r$-b&$ salam&] may sometimes be f\nd 9 ! woods ly+ coil$ on ! tip ( a bran* or a l>ge f]n frond1 ! r$ l9e on 8 back %[+ l a coil ( sc>let ribbon4 ,if he is al>m$ ?is coil snaps out /raight1 & by t motion he has ca/ himself sev]al feet di/ant1 & is gone among ! grass4 ,comm5d u to a r$-b&$ salam&] or a wood-toad = a sudd5 & effective jump4 ,no?+ is m curi\s ?an to see ?is da9ty little r$-b&$ bea/ climb+ up a ru%1 or a long1 /iff spe> ( grass1 or ! graceful1 plum$ /alk ( a gold5-rod4 ,! v prettie/ ( all ! salam&]s is f\nd 9 ! r$-wood =e/s ( ,cali=nia2 x is ( a vivid salmon-color & has v prom95t1 bright eyes4 ,salam&]s are f\nd f ,mexico to ,sib]ia1 & 9 g5]al x may be /at$ t ^? ( ! w>m latitudes are small]1 m active1 & m gaily color$2 ^? ( cold] climates are l>g]1 dull]1 d>k color$1 & v sl[ 9 motion4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s !re are no salam&]s4 ,! r$-woods ( ,cali=nia belong to a v anci5t class ( tree-vegetation3 ! salam&]s are ( an anci5t class ( liv+ ?+s4 ,i h sometimes wond]$ look+ at "o ( ^? little1 brilliant1 salmon-hu$ salam&]s1 ) its />+ bright eyes t see ev]y?+1 :e!r x has receiv$ by tradition f its eld]s1 tales ( a "t :5 intrusive mammals ) man at _! head 7 unkn[n1 & !y & ! r$-woods _h _! _w to !mselves4 ,,lesson ,,xxxiv4 ,a ,,d5iz5 ,,( ,,! ,,m>% ,,l&s4 8,b ! cold-blood$ snake 9 ! edge ( ! brake ,sits amid ! rank grass1 half asleep1 half awake2 ,& ! a%5 :ite snail1 ) ! slime 9 its trail1 ,moves we>ily on1 l a life's t$i\s tale40 --,r4 ,s4 ,,ni*ols4 ,if ! "q 8,:at is a sir580 7 sudd5ly put to a class ( pupils1 ,i ?9k x probable t ! boys w\ld reply1 8a /eam :i/le10 & ! girls1 8a fabul\s mon/] ) a beautiful voice1 :i* %e us$ to lure p to de/ruction40 ,possibly "s few obs]vant lads f ,georgia1 ,texas1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 might say3 8,an animal some?+ l a liz>d2 x lives 9 ! m>%es40 ,! girls w\ld be "r1 & ! boys "r1 b ?is la/ w\ld be ! answ] wi%$ = 9 natural hi/ory4 ,a sir5 is an amphibi\s animal closely alli$ to ! salam&]s4 ,!re are f\r families ( amphibians1 or batra*ians1 :i* are s closely connect$ t 9 "s ( _! /ages ( developm5t !y c sc>cely be told "o f ! o!r4 ,9 ^! ! "y ( "s pres5t almo/ exactly ! adult conditions ( ! o!rs1 & ! l>v ( ! l[] =ms h be5 kn[n to und]go trans=mations t h *ang$ !m f ! lik5ess ( _! p>5ts to ! fa%ions ( ! alli$ species4 ,?us ! adult sir5s are sc>cely di/+ui%able f ! aquatic l>v ( ! salam&]s4 ,sir5 l>v h develop$ into ! condition ( adult salam&]s1 :ile ! "y ( ! salam&]s greatly resemble tadpoles1 or l>val toads & frogs4 ,! adult m5obran* has a skull l t ( a tadpole1 or a salam&] 9 ! l>val /ate4 ,9 fact1 :]ev] ! "y ( "o ( ^! families div]ge f ! =m ( _! p>5ts1 x is simply to tr5* ^u ! =m ( "s ( ! alli$ species4 ,we h not$ t frogs & toads h ! tongue fa/5$ at ! front ( ! m\?1 & hang+ free d[n ! ?roat4 ,"s ( ! salam&]s h ! tongue fa/5$ 9 ! middle ( ! "u side1 s t x resembles a broad1 flat mu%room on a %ort1 ?ick /em1 :ile ! tee? are set 9 a f9e bru% above x on ! ro( ( ! m\?4 ,9 ! sir5s ! tongue is free 9 front2 !re are no tee? on ! jaws1 & ! jaws are cas$ 9 a horny %ea? l a beak2 b d[n ! ?roat !re are two pat*es ( %>p little tee? po9t$ backw>ds4 ,let u take a look at a sir54 ,at fir/ "o might call x a fi% or an eel1 we>+ que] plumes at ! back ( ! head1 & also end[$ ) little legs & feet4 ,?is is ! 8liz>d-=m$ sir510 & ! l>ge/ specim5 ev] f\nd 0 ab\t ?ree feet long3 mo/ ( !m d n exce$ tw5ty in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! body is long & slim1 l t ( an eel2 ! sk9 is smoo? & ne>ly black1 bespr9kl$ ) little :ite dots4 ,f ! %\ld]s1 ne> ! head1 come a pair ( small1 feeble legs1 ! feet be+ divid$ into f\r f+]s4 ,^! feet aid ! movem5ts ( ! creature on ! s& or mud :5 x em]ges f ! wat]1 & s]ve to elevate ! neck a little 9 cat*+ & swall[+ prey4 ,! motion ( ! sir5 9 ! wat] is s9u\s1 l t ( an eel2 ! legs may help a little z paddles1 b ! action f side to side1 su* z we h all notic$ 9 a wat]-snake1 is t by :i* x progresses4 ,well1 let u look1 = ! h9d-legs1 n[ t we h se5 ! front ones4 ,:]e are !y8 ,gone altoge!r6 ,nature seems to h conclud$ t a little bea/ :i* w\ld let its front legs dw9dle away f want ( use1 might z well be depriv$ ( ! h9d ones entirely4 ,! head ( ! sir5 is small2 x seems to h z little use = bra9s z = feet4 ,! sn\t is %ort & broad1 ) ! no/rils ne> ! tip2 & z = eyes6--!y are ! t9ie/ little dots2 evid5tly our sir5 does n dep5d mu* on tak+ obs]vations ( its surr\nd+s4 ,on ! o!r h& ! m\? ( ! creature is disproportionately l>ge1 op5+ across ! entire head4 ,! bea/ie lives to eat1 & 8 m\? is1 x seems1 8 *ief organ4 ,?is ugly head sits close on an eel-l body :i* f9i%es up 9 a po9t at ! tail1 :]e !re is a f91 z a fi% has4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s feature ( ! sir5 is ! app5dage plac$ bran*-l on ea* side ( ! neck4 ,^! app5dages h ?ree divisions1 ea* "o ) a sep>ate atta*m5t1 & "u ea* "o is a small slit or op5+ into ! sir5's ?roat4 ,:at are ^! bran*es wav+ l plumes8 ,!y are ext]nal gills1 & v pretty !y are1 ! only pretty ?+s ab\t a sir52 ^! gills are ( a pale rose-color %ad$ ) gray1 & wav+ & cat*+ ! light z ! creature swims1 !y r$eem him f absolute ugl9ess4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ :y ?is animal has be5 nam$ a sir51 aft] ! beautiful & fatal creature ( fable4 ,beauty1 song1 malice2 ^! 7 ! ?ree *>act]i/ics ( ! sir5s ( :i* old ,hom] sung1 & n "o ( ^! end[m5ts belongs to ! sir5 ( ! m>%es1--ugly1 sil5t1 h>mless4 ,he is hungry1 & he eats1 & 8 food is toads1 frogs1 insects1 any animal organism he c f9d 9 ! wat]4 ,he m]ely op5s 8 m\? & takes 8 prey 92 he nei!r lulls x nor lures x ) music4 ,a fir/ c\s9 ( ?is liz>d-=m$ sir51 is ! /rip$ sir5 ( ,georgia4 ,?is has only "o gill bran*1 & is di/+ui%$ by a broad1 yell[ b& on ea* side1 & a n>r[] "o on ! "u "p ( ! body4 8,a mud-eel0 x is popul>ly call$4 ,x is v sc>ce1 & valuable accord+ly4 ,few ( ! museums or zological g>d5s h specim5s ( ?is sir54 ,no d\bt ignorant & c>eless p1 f9d+ ?is odd & helpless creature 9 its native haunts1 ru?lessly kill x1 j because !y c1 & leave to decay specim5s :i*1 if tak5 liv+1 or c>efully pres]v$ 9 alcohol1 w\ld h be5 ( great value4 ,! sir5 sometimes suff]s ! loss ( its pretty gills 9 a que] way4 ,fi%es1 attract$ by _! roseate color1 nibble !m (f4 ,9 su* cases ! sir5 c brea! by com+ to ! surface ( ! wat]1 & tak+ 9 m\?fuls ( air1 :i* x suff]s to escape ?r\gh ! slits at ! neck4 ,?is me?od ( brea?+ is evid5tly inconv5i5t & difficult to ! creature1 b all[s x to ma9ta9 life until new gill-bran*es gr[1 a process :i* requires "s eight weeks to accompli%4 ,"s sir5s we> a little gold-color$ b& ab\t ! lips & face1 :i* b& %9es l molt5 metal 9 ! wat]1 & gives !m a gay appe>ance4 ,! sir5s are quiet & h>dy animals1 & small ones c\ld be easily kept = pets 9 a glass aqu>ium box1 if provid$ ) a little mud & s& "u ! wat]1 & ) "s /ones ^u :i* ! creatures c\ld crawl :5 !y wi%$ to be above wat]4 ,l all ! c>nivor\s amphibians ! sir5s w eat bread & milk & raw veal1 in/ead ( _! usual food4 ,:ile *iefly conf9$ to m>%y places or /ill wat]s ( ! ,s\?1 occasional specim5s ( ! sir5 families h be5 f\nd z f> nor? z ,ill9ois1#fh & no d\bt c\ld live 9 any locality 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 if protect$ f _! enemies4 ,= _! own "p !y are helpless1 & fall a prey to :atev] attacks !m4 ,_! tee? are f> d[n 9 ! ?roat s !y _c bite2 _! tails are weak s !y _c /rike2 !y h ev5 no nails on _! toes :]e) to scrat*4 ,in/ead ( nails !y h a little horny cap on ea* ( ! toes1 r5d]+ x broad]1 & s less likely to /ick fa/ 9 ! mud :5 !y crawl out ^u a bank4 ,,footnotes3 #fh ,! m5obran*us ab\nds 9 all ! 8five ,great ,lakes10 especially 9 ,lake ,mi*igan4--,o4 ,s4 ,,we/cott4 ,,lesson ,,xxxv4 ,a ,,/rang] ,,f ,,mexico4 8,& he bann$ ! wat] gobl9's spite ,= he saw ar\nd 9 ! sweet moon%9e1 ,_! little wee faces above ! br9e1 ,giggl+ & laugh+ ) all _! might1 ,at ! pite\s leap ( ! fairy wight40 --,,drake4 ,"o day :5 ,i 0 /udy+ 9 ! ,brighton ,aqu>ium1 ,engl&1 ,i _h be5 exam9+ fi%-scales ?r\gh a p[]ful microscope1 & turn$ to lay my pap] ( notes on a glass case ne> at h&4 ,z ,i did s ,i rem>k$ 8t !re 7 ?ree fi% 9 ! case swimm+ ar\nd "s k9d ( a leafless plant1 on :i* hung a few r\nd1 small pods40 ,illu/ration3 ,,pe>l ,,cradles4 ,:5 ,i return$ to ! microscope ,i f\nd my m9d ob/9ately fix$ on ! cont5ts ( ! glass case4 8,t 0 surely n a /iff sea-plant1 b ! dead bran* ( a l&-plant40 8,i wond] :at fi% ^? 780 8,^? 7 v odd-look+ little pods60 ,s ,i ?\ght1 until ,i conclud$ to take a second look at ! objects s obtrusively pres5t to my m9d4 ,lo6 ! bran* _h n m]ely a few little pods1 b "s pods 7 on e "o ( ! num]\s t9e divisions ( ! bran*1 except "o long "o ne> ! bottom4 ,^! pods 7 pe>ly1 flat1 semi-transp>5t1 ( ! size ( %irt buttons1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ea* 0 a black dot answ]+ to ! button's eye4 ,z ,i obs]v$ !m1 ! ?ree 8fi%0 kept swimm+ r\nd & r\nd ! bran*1 9 & out1 & ,i notic$ t ?is piece ( dry plant 0 securely fa/5$ to ! bottom ( ! tank4 ,b :at6 ,! lately b>e l[] twig _h n[ f\r pellucid pods ^u x6 ,surely ! fi% 7 plac+ ^! ^u ! twigs6 ,! pods 7 !n egg-cases4 ,s1 my good fi%1 ,i said1 y are hang+ y\r babies ^u a tree-top1 are y8 ,t v bad "m1 ! dog-fi%1 does ! same4#fi ,b h] cradles are black & horny2 y\rs are l pe>ls6 ,:o are y8 ,:5ce d y come8 ,:at is y\r place & "n among all ! fi% families8 ,/op3 ,:at is ?is ,i see gr[+ f ea* side ( y\r neck1 l enorm\s :isk]s8 ,by ?is ,i p]ceive t y are n fi% at all1 b batra*ians4 ,^! plumes are y\r ext]nal gills4 ,& :at are ^!8 ,:y1 truly1 small legs & feet neatly drawn back z y swim2 five webb$ toes on ! h9d feet2 f\r webb$ toes on ! front feet4 ,ah1 b y are an int]e/+ animal6 ,k9dly /op swimm+ = a little until ,i c\nt up y\r gifts & graces4 ,a blunt head1 %ap$ l ! end ( an e> ( maize2 a wide m\?2 no/rils close to ! lips2 two little eyes also set close to ! upp] lip4 ,ah6 ,i "k y n[--bone ( cont5tion among ! sci5tific1 mo/ unexpect$ 9 y\r behavior1 specim5 ( ! ord] ,urodela1 spott$ ,ambly/oma1 oh1 :y _c y h at lea/ "o simple & easy "n1 ,mexican axolotl6 ,a curi\s little *ild ( ,mexico is ?is d5iz5 ( ! lakes ( t w>m s\!rn l&--a mild1 sil5t1 unh&some1 small bea/1 giv5 to surpris+ p4 ,! *ief peculi>ity ( ! creature is t x ob/9ately refuses ev] to gr[ up1 & rema9s 9 ! l>val /ate1 in/ead ( prop]ly putt+ on ! =m ( an adult4 ,nature's p]petual *ild6 ,& :5 x does gr[ up by *ance1 z1 to be m surpris+1 "s individuals d gr[ up1 :y !n1 x is no long] itself--b some?+ else6 ,n[ my int]e/ 0 greatly quick5$ 9 ?is creature1 & ,i began to admire x4 ,its scaleless sk9 0 ( a d>k drab or /eel color1 ( a velvet-l s(tness2 ! gills 7 ?ree on ea* side ( ! head1 f9ely divid$ into s(t1 ?ick plumes1 :i* wav$ to & fro1 exp&$1 clos$1 half-fold$1 spread wide4 ,no ,spani% belle ev] h&l$ a fan m beautifully ?an ?is little swimm] us$ its gill-bran*es4 ,obs]ve n[ ! me?od ( plac+ ^? transluc5t pe>l cradles1 ! egg-pods4 ,twice ab\t ! twig ! axolotl swims1 ey+ x closely1 z if consid]+ ( its fitness4 ,!n %e takes ! twig1 or ! long1 li! /em ( wat]-we$ betwe5 h] little webb$ h&s to /eady x1 & glides s(tly up ! /em1 & z %e goes atta*es ! little pe>l balls l se$-pods 9 a r[4 ,no?+ c be pretti] ?an a long )e ( gre5 we$ set ) ^! pe>ly cradles %imm]+ 9 ! sunlight2 = n only d !y hang z fair r\nd pe>ls aga9/ ! gre5 9 ! wat]1 b !y are p[d]$ all ov] ) gold du/4 ,?is is a comb9ation ( gre51 pe>l1 & gold t any arti/ might envy4 ,! egg itself is ! d>k dot 9 ! c5tre ( t gold-bespr9kl$ cradle4 ,at fir/ ! inclos+ jelly is b a small rim1 b x exp&s imm$iately1 rema9+ firmly atta*$ to ! /em4 ,! little axolotl comes out ( ! egg p]fectly =m$1 a m9ute copy ( its p>5t2 = we mu/ rememb] t ?is p>5t is nev] gr[n-up1 b rema9s always 9 ! incomplete or l>val /ate ( its exi/5ce4 ,! newly hat*$ axolotls gr[ rapidly to six or eight in*es 9 l5g?1 & except = ! bran*+ gills closely resemble _! ne> c\s9s1 ! salam&]s4 ,until #ahfe ! axolotls _h nev] be5 closely /udi$4 ,9 ,mexico !y are abundant1 are sold z an article ( food 9 ! m>kets & are eat51 8no que/ions be+ ask$40 ,!y are to ! ,mexican buy]s1 axolotls1 & t is en\gh4 ,:5 tak5 to ,european museums ! axolotls 7 suppos$ f _! imp]fect developm5t to be l>v1 :i* "o day w\ld metamorphose into _! adult =m4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! fir/ specim5s 9 ,p>is rema9$ j z :5 !y _h be5 br\ght f _! native lakes4 ,!n1 a *ange be+ made 9 _! tank giv+ !m m heal?ful conditions1 :at did !y d b select "s spe>s ( grass & we$ & decorate !m ) egg-cases6 ,= ?irty days ! egg-cases adh]$ to ! twigs1 !n ! little ones hat*$ out1 l>v1 l _! p>5ts4 ,aft] ?is curi\s circum/ance _h be5 discuss$ = a "t1 "s sci5tific p ?\ght !y w\ld try & =ce ^! axolotls to gr[ up4 ,!y 7 gradually remov$ f ! wat] & accu/om$ m & m to brea! 9 ! air4 ,z ?is process cont9u$1 "s ( ! creatures di$1 "s made no *ange 9 _! /ate1 b "s began to accommodate !mselves to air-brea?+ )\t ! help ( wat]2 ! gills began to )] or wa/e away1 z (t5 happ5s to unus$ memb]s ( a liv+ body2 aft] a "t ^! ext]nal gills dropp$ (f entirely & ! axolotl brea!d ?r\gh ! slit at ! bottom ( ! bran*ial /ump4 ,z soon z ?is 0 accompli%$1 behold1 n an axolotl at all1 b a salam&]1 = meantime ! legs also _h develop$ & /r5g!n$4 ,a ,g]man lady secur$ 9 ?is way ! *ange ( "y axolotls to salam&]s1 or at lea/ to salam&ral =m & habits4 ,x has !re=e be5 held t axolotls may be a class ( salam&]s1 :i* f ! conditions ( _! life h nev] dropp$ _! gills or accu/om$ !mselves to a l& life4 ,o!rs ?9k t z ! "y salam&]s & axolotls are s alike1 mi/akes h be5 made 9 h&l+ ! l>v1 & t ^? :i* develop$ z salam&]s 7 hat*$ salam&]s4 ,s little is really kn[n ( ! habits & life hi/ory ( ^! creatures t !y (f] a pretty cle> field = obs]vation & exp]im5t4 ,x w\ld be easy = "s ( our sci5tifically incl9$ "y ,am]icans to secure specim5s f ,mexico1 & re>+ ! "y f ! eggs1 note all _! *anges4 ,no?+ is m attractive ?an orig9al inve/igation4 ,"s call ! axolotl ! 8fi%-=m$ sir510 z x has a f9-l membrane d[n ! middle ( ! back1 ar\nd ! tail1 & s on along "p ( ! "u portion ( ! body4 ,?is f9 enables x to balance itself admirably 9 ! wat]4 ,axolotls eat worms1 snails1 tadpoles1 insects1 bread-crumbs1 bits ( meat1 or any small l>v f\nd 9 ! wat]4 ,,footnotes3 #fi ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lesson #dd4 ,,lesson ,,xxxvi4 ,,"s ,,m]ry ,,little ,,fri5ds4 8,! he$less liz>d 9 8 gambols1 peep$ ,^u ! gu>d$ ne/1 f out ! fl[]s1 ,b paid ! in/ant =feit ( 8 life40 --,,montgom]y4 ,9 call+ ! hide\s & ill-temp]$ alligator el lag>to1 ! liz>d1 ,i ?9k ! ,spani% explor]s 7 guilty ( a cry+ inju/ice to ! liz>d family1 _m ( ! memb]s ( :i* are ! mo/ delightful little creatures imag9able4 ,h[ (t5 9 ,italy1 seat$ by "s anci5t ru9 or on a /one wall drap$ 9 rose v9es1 ,i h wat*$ ! m]ry little liz>ds1 dress$ 9 crimson1 orange1 or gre51 d>t+ among ! gray /ones l fla%es ( liv+ light1 or runn+ along ! trail+ v9es l animat$ blossoms4 ,h[ (t5 9 ! w>m fragrant sil5ce ( ! ,tuscan hills1 h ,i se51 ?ru/ f ! *9ks ( a pile ( crumbl+ masonry1 a p]t little head1 ) a pair ( diamond-bright eyes1 wat*+ me ) int5t int]e/4 ,fri5dly1 graceful1 entirely h>mless1 ^! little liz>ds seem to suit ! beauty-lov+ ,italians4 ,i h nev] se5 ! smalle/ or rude/ ,italian boy ?r[ a /one at "o ( !m1 or try 9 any way to hurt !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,knights ,,errant4 ,! liz>ds 9 our own c\ntry are no less fri5dly & beautiful1 b x seems to me our p are less 9 h>mony ) nature ?an "s o!rs1 & *]i% m unju/ traditions2 = c]ta9ly among u ! liz>ds are receiv$ 9 less he>ty good-fell[%ip1 & are v wrongly fe>$ & e/eem$ h>mful4 ,b "s p "k h[ to treat my de> liz>ds ) c\rtesy4 ,a "y fri5d 9 ,florida has made pets ( sundry em]ald-gre5 liz>ds4 ,no creatures are m capable ( ma9ta9+ an absolute /illness if !y are suit$ ) _! circum/ances4 ,l mo/ ( ! cold-blood$ reptiles1 !y delight 9 w>m?4 ,my "y fri5d (t5 plac$ a little gre5 liz>d 9 ! knot ( lace at ! ?roat ( h] ev5+ dress1 :]e1 delight$ ) ! s(tness & w>m? ( ! lace & its own]'s neck1 x w\ld lie motionless = an entire ev5+4 ,x 0 (t5 mi/ak5 = a piece ( jewell]'s "w 9 ri* gre5 enamel1 ^u ! beauty ( :i* h] fri5ds sometimes comm5t$4 ,"o ( ^! little liz>ds w\ld rema9 = h\rs1 tw9$ bracelet-wise ab\t my "y fri5d's wri/4 ,in(f5sive 9 disposition & unprovid$ ) weapons ( attack z liz>ds are1 ,i h (t5 admir$ nature's protective me?ods 9 _! behalf4 ,walk+ once 9 a wood 9 ,new ,j]sey1 ,i 0 surpris$ to obs]ve a fragm5t ( ! b>k ( a tree "s two feet f me1 run r\nd ! tree & appe> on ! f>!r side4 ,"h 0 a little liz>d ( ! exact color & m>k+s ( ! b>k ( ! tree :i* x frequ5t$2 x 0 only by its motion t x c\ld be discov]$ :5 x clung aga9/ ! trunk or bran*es4 ,:5 at re/ its little1 bright1 jet-black eyes 7 ! only noticeable "p ( x4 ,9 t same wood ,i 0 equally />tl$ by see+ a dead leaf run away f a heap ( leaves z ,i approa*$1 & a little twig 9 my pa? d>t$ out ( dang] j z ,i 0 ab\t to put my foot ^u x4 ,^! also 7 liz>ds1 ) _! sl5d] bodies dress$ 9 gray & br[n1 ) little m>k+s ( black & :ite1 a coat closely simulat+ ! colors ( dry & decay+ vegetation4 ,:ile capable ( ly+ = h\rs 9 entire quiet1 /ill z if fa%ion$ out ( gems or metal1 ! liz>d1 :5 x moves1 is rem>kable = ! swiftness ( its motions3 x d>ts ) ! rapidity ( an arr[2 x seems to h no hesitancy1 no aft]?\ght1 no *ange ( m9d2 its spr+ is ) ! precision ( entire c]ta9ty4 ,p]haps its sure-foot$ness has some?+ to d ) ?is2 on wall or wood1 tree1 /one1 grass1 :o ev] saw a liz>d slip or lose its foot+8 ,9 ! liz>d family !re is a l>ge v>iety 9 habits & appe>ance4 ,we say t !y are quick ( motion--b !n1 :at is m dull & sluggi% ?an a hatt]ia8 ,we ass]t t !y are pretty & attractive1 b :at is m und5iably ugly 9 appe>ance ?an ! horn$ toad ( ,texas1 :i* is really a liz>d8 ,:ile 9 g5]al ! body ( a liz>d is sl5d] & long1 support$ by f\r legs1 9 "s species ! legs are m]e rudim5ts1 & 9 o!rs gone altoge!r4 ,:5 pres5t ! feet & legs are sometimes weak1 s t ! body drags ^u ! gr\nd4 ,! *ameleons h _! feet design$ = grasp+ & climb+3 ! geckos ( ,asia h _! feet *ang$ into suck+ disks1 by :i* !y c run up smoo? walls2 o!r liz>ds1 :i* are *iefly aquatic1 h feet =m$ = swimm+2 o!rs /ill live 9 ! gr\nd & h h&s fa%ion$ l ^? ( a mole1 = digg+4 ,z = homes1 "s liz>ds are tree-dwell]s2 o!rs live on ! gr\nd1 hid+ 9 /one or rubbi% heaps2 "s live 9 ! gr\nd 9 burr[s2 o!rs abide by riv]s1 & sp5d mo/ ( _! "t 9 ! wat]4 ,! liz>ds are citiz5s ( ! _w1 & are f\nd 9 ne>ly all l&s1 b are mo/ num]\s & mo/ brilliantly color$ 9 hot c\ntries4 ,:]ev] !y are1 "s h s evid5tly ! liz>d *>act]i/ics t "o :o has ev] se5 any ( ! family w\ld n fail to recognize _! relation%ips at once2 b o!rs1 z = example1 ! horn$ toad ( ,texas1 might be ?\ght at fir/ sight to belong to "s q diff]5t ord] ( animals4 ,"s liz>ds h scales2 o!rs h no scales1 b ?ick1 granulat$ sk9s3 "s h no eyelids2 o!rs h eyelids1 b _! eyelids diff]1 "s are ne>ly transp>5t1 admitt+ light :5 !y are clos$2 :ile yet o!r liz>ds1 z ! *ameleons1 h lids surr\nd+ ! entire eye1 s t !y c be drawn toge!r & admit light at m]ely a t9y op5+4 ,9 cold & temp]ate l&s liz>ds lie dormant dur+ ! w9t] mon?s2 ?is is call$ hib]nat+4 ,at ! return ( spr+ !y come =? f _! hid+-places4 ,9 tropical c\ntries1 :ile !re is no cold to drive ! liz>ds to a /ate ( torpor1 !y /ill s9k into a long sleep1 or half-consci\s condition1 :i* la/s = "s weeks4 ,ne>ly all liz>ds lay eggs1 :i* are w>m$ into life by ! sun1 & ! "y ones are able to take c>e ( !mselves z soon z hat*$4 ,b ev5 9 ?is "p ( its life-hi/ory ! liz>d %[s ! *angefulness ( its race1--z v>iable 9 all ?+s z a *ameleon's coat4 ,"s liz>ds h liv+ "y1 :i* !y nurse ) assidu\s c>e4 ,a description ( curi\s liz>ds w\ld fill a volume2 we c note only a few ( ! less well-kn[n v>ieties4 ,! geckos are a v int]e/+ family1 liv+ *iefly 9 ,asia4 ,! 8croak+ gecko0 is a liz>d :i* di/+ui%es himself by break+ ! spell ( sil5ce :i* lies ^u 8 ord]1 & mak+ a l\d noise almo/ z unpleasant z t rais$ by a frog4 ,! 8fly+ gecko10 l ! fly+ squirrel1 has a w+-l expansion ( ! sk91 & widely webb$ feet1 :i* enable x to support itself 9 ! air z x leaps f tree to tree4 ,ano!r ,ori5tal liz>d is nam$ 8! frill$10 because he we>s a l>ge quill$ coll>1 or ruff1 all ar\nd 8 neck2 ^u 8 head is a cre/ deeply ind5t$1 & d[n 8 back f head to tail-tip a full ruffle l a cloak close fold$1 or a c\rt tra94 ,9 fact1 :5ev] ,i h se5 a frill$ liz>d ,i h _h a laugh1 n only at its truly p]t & comic appe>ance1 b because he seems su* a jolly little c>icature ( /ately ,que5 ,bess 9 h] head tire1 ruff1 f>?+ale1 & c\rt tra94 ,!n1 too1 o!r ideas come to height5 my mir? ov] a frill$ liz>d4 ,y mu/ "k t liz>ds' tails are v brittle & n infrequ5tly break (f2 :5 ?is happ5s ! organ gr[s aga9 j z a crab's claw does4 ,i wond] if ! tail ( ! frill$ liz>d is apt to break (f1 & h[ long x takes su* a cumb]some app5dage to gr[4 ,!n1 aga91 "h is my o!r little joke ov] him3 all liz>ds1 z !y gr[ ca/ _! sk9s2 toads & frogs d ?is also1 & crabs ca/ _! %ells4 ,! process is f> f unusual1 b ! liz>ds l ! toads swall[ _! worn-out g>m5ts1 & h[ c my frill$ liz>d swall[ su* an am\nt ( frill+ & furbel[ & fl\nc+6 ,i %\ld say he mu/ *oke6 ,x w\ld be z bad z be+ oblig$ to eat a bir?day cake1 c&les1 wrea?s ( fl[]s1 & all4 ,b :5 ,i /& be=e a frill$ liz>d1 & laugh at all ^! que] notions conc]n+ him1 :at does he d b bob & move 8 head & neck1 until all 8 ruffles quiv] & curl 9 a mo/ ?reat5+ way1 z if he meant to al>m me by 8 f]oci\s appe>ance4 ,b he is really a timid creature1 & w\ld r fly ?an fight4 ,if y p]secute him & drive him into a corn] he w n[ & !n turn at bay1 & bite ) "s %>p little tee? t he has4 ,! 8fly+ dragon0 is ano!r odd liz>d1 provid$ ) an ext5d$ membrane to s]ve z a p>a*ute1 & by :i* he flies--a little4 ,b :y call ! de> little bea/ a dragon8 ,8 colors are wond]fully beautiful1 z if he _h be5 dipp$ 9 a melt$ ra9b[1 or 9 ! /uff t peacock's plumes are made (4 ,we ?9k t dragons are fi]ce creatures1 b ?is 8fly+-dragon0 liz>d lives 9 trees & da9tily fe$s ^u gay-color$ insects1 z pretty z itself4 ,ano!r liz>d is call$ ! 8horrid ,molo*0 f an anci5t idol-god4 ,?is1 ) p]haps ! exception ( ! 8horn$ toad10 is "o ( ! mo/ hide\s creatures kn[n4 ,x is cov]$ ) l>ge conical projections ov] ! entire body2 its feet are claw$1 & ! projections develop into horns on ! top ( ! head & neck4 ,^! projections are m]ely a ?ick gr[? ( ! sk91 ea* tipp$ ) horny plates1 & entirely int5d$ = def5sive armor1 b !y give ! creature a =midable appe>ance4 ,/ill ano!r v>iety ( ! liz>d tribe is ! pygopus ( ,au/ralia1 a liz>d ) only "o pair ( legs1 & ^! are scaly & footless4 ,inde$ !y look m]ely l fle%y f9s1 & z ! animal is v long & slim1 & is cov]$ ) scales1 at fir/ sight x is almo/ impossible to consid] x a liz>d at all2 x looks m l a snake4 ,! iguana is a liz>d ( tropical c\ntries3 x is l>ge1 h>mless1 p]haps we _h bett] say x is useful2 = ! natives ( ! c\ntries :]e x lives are fond ( its fle% = food1 & ?9k z well ( a fri$ or roa/$ iguana z we d ( roa/ *ick54 ,p]haps ( ! entire liz>d family ! mo/ fam\s is ! basilisk1 ab\t :i* mu* has be5 said & sung4 ,! anci5ts _h z _m odd my?s ab\t ! basilisk1 z !y _h ab\t ! salam&]4 ,!y said x 0 ! k+ ( all reptiles & wore a cr[n ( gold3 f its body diffus$ a poison :i* fill$ ! air & kill$ n only animals b plants3 ! glance ( its eye 0 s t]rible t all liv+ ?+s fl$ f x--unless !y fell dead on ! spot1 infect$ by its poison4 ,! basilisk 0 afraid ( only "o liv+ creature1 & t creature 0--a cock4 ,! cr[+ ( a cock fill$ ! k+ ( all reptiles ) an awful t]ror4 ,b :at is ! tru? ab\t ! basilisk8 ,! creature has be5 inve/igat$ by mod]n sci5ce4 ,:at does sci5ce report ( x8 ,sci5ce says ! basilisk is "o ( ! prettie/ & g5tle/ little creatures kn[n4 ,x is cre/$1 & t cre/ is ! fam\s 8gold5 cr[n0 ( ! anci5t /ory2 x is claw$1 because x is a tree-climb]2 its eyes are l>ge1 g5tle1 lu/r\s2 its sk9 is /rip$2 its toes are mu* l ! toes ( a bird2 its food is insects2 x has no poison1 & z = a cock's cr[--x pays no he$ to x :atev]4 ,! ,hilas are ano!r family ( liz>ds1 embrac+ "o ) an om9\s title1 8,! ,gila mon/]40 ,?is is n inaptly nam$1 = x is unc\? 9 appe>ance1 l>ge1 &1 unlike mo/ liz>ds1 has a poison\s bite4 ,?\gh ?is bite is pa9ful1 x is n fatal4 ,! sk9ks are e>?-burr[+ liz>ds1 n prettily %ap$ b h&somely color$1 & especially not$ = we>+ vivid %ades ( blue1 a t9t unusual 9 reptiles4 ,! anci5ts _h my?s ab\t ! sk9k z well z ab\t ! poor basilisk4 ,!y said x poison$ cattle1 & 0 ev] on ! al]t to d h>m to man or bea/4 ,! fact is ! sk9k is al]t only = slugs1 insects1 & worms :i* x eats4 ,ne>ly all liz>ds are insect-eat]s1 ?\gh 9 captivity !y w eat cake & bread4 ,,lesson ,,xxxvii4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,mon/]4 8,! v>i\s t]rors ( t horrid %ore1-- ,^? blaz+ suns t d>t a d[nw>d ray1 ,& fi]cely %$ intol]able day2 ,^? matt$ woods1 :]e birds =get to s+1 ,& sil5t bats 9 dr[sy clu/]s cl+2 ,^? poison\s fields1 ri* ) luxuriance cr[n$ ,:]e ! d>k scorpion ga!rs dea? ar\nd40 --,,goldsmi?4 ,! ^w reptile seems to be 9 su* bad repute1 & to raise su* disagreeable associations 9 ! m9ds ( _m p1 t 9 introduc+ a few specim5s ( ! class reptilia we began1 n by describ+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! class1 b by introduc+ "s ( its mo/ pleas+ memb]s--! liz>ds4 ,let u n[ turn = a little to ! di/+ui%+ features ( ! class1 & !n to ! animal :i* is its lead+ repres5tative4 ,! class reptilia /&s next to ! class batra*ia4 ,reptiles are cold-blood$1 v]tebrate animals1 :i* brea! by ! means ( lungs4 ,! =m ( ! body is g5]ally l t ( ! batra*ians1 betwe5 :i* & ! birds1 ! reptiles f9d _! place 9 nature4 ,?us ! horn$ toad & ! 8horrid ,molo*0 are liz>ds1--reptiles :i* look v mu* m l toads ?an l _! reptile bre?r51--:ile ! 8frill$ liz>d0 & ! 8fly+ dragon10 gayly color$ tree-dwell]s1 are m sugge/ive ( birds ?an ( "s o!r liz>ds4 ,! body ( mo/ reptiles p]=ms ! *ief "p 9 locomotion1 mov+ ) an undulatory action f side to side4 ,! sp9al column is !re=e /rong & /iff1 & ! tail is long1 :ile ! head & %\ld]s are comp>atively small & n>r[4 ,"s ( ! reptiles1 z ! s]p5t tribe1 h no feet1 b ! tortoise family h well-develop$ feet1 & move by means ( !m1 & n by s]p5t9e undulations ( ! body4 ,mo/ ( ! reptiles are voraci\s fe$]s1 & are well provid$ ) tee?4 ,! skull is always depress$1 ) a small cavity = ! bra91 & ! /&>d ( reptilian intellig5ce is comp>atively l[4 ,no class v>ies m greatly 9 ! size ( its repres5tatives4 ,we f9d t9y *ameleons & liz>ds b a v few in*es long1 & great crocodiles _m feet 9 l5g?4 ,!re are snakes no long] ?an "o's little f+]1 & boa-con/rictors l>ge en\gh to swall[ a man or a c[4 ,!re are little turtles ( ! diamet] ( a tw5ty-five-c5t piece1 & huge turtles t weigh eight hundr$ p\nds4 ,:5 we "n ^! species we are rem9d$ :at a wide v>iety !re is 9 ! families ( ! reptilian class4 ,!re are f\r me?ods ( secur+ safety1 or life-pres]vation1 kn[n among ! reptiles2 ! mo/ common1--because ! small creatures to :i* x p]ta9s are happily ! mo/ num]\s ( _! gr\p--is imitation 9 =m & color4 ,we h not$ ?is 9 ! liz>ds4 ,! second me?od is ! we>+ ( natural armor1 by ! ?ick5+ ( ! sk9 or hide4 ,?us1 9 ! s]p5ts1 ! sk9 is (t5 cov]$ ) scales2 ! scale-plate ( crocodiles & alligators is g5]ally bullet-pro(2 9 ! turtle family ! body is protect$ by a h>d1 solid box ( unit$ plates neatly & closely put toge!r4 ,a ?ird means ( pres]vation is f\nd 9 weapons ( def5ce1 z great tee? & huge1 la%+ tails1 z 9 ! crocodilia2 or viol5t poison 9 fangs1 z 9 _m snakes4 ,la/ly1 ! great] reptiles h (t5 no weapon b _! va/ /r5g?1 z mo/ ( ! boas2 no creature desires to cope ) !m or g )9 rea* ( _! mighty coils4 ,to make clos] acqua9tance ) ! mo/ prom95t & notable ( all reptiles1 we mu/ g to ! torrid zone4 ,! hot brea? ( ! des]t smites u1 z ! sun's rays are l fi]ce ?ru/s1 ! noon-day is scor*+1 /ill1 brea?less2 ! gre5 ( summ] seems to h be5 burn$ away1 z 9 a furnace bla/4 ,!re1 /ret*$ 8 lazy l5g? on ! black ooze1 beside ! fam\s riv] ( ,africa1 ly+ 9 ! full gl>e ( ! sun1 8 little eyes sleepily %ut1 he$less alike ( ! insects t clu/] ab\t him1 & ( ! birds :i* d>t d[n to c>ry !m (f1 lies ! mon/] t 0 9 anci5t times (t5 wor%ipp$ z a god--! crocodile4 ,! crocodile gives 8 "n to 8 ord]1 crocodilia2 :i* ord]1 happily = human conv5i5ce1 has b few repres5tatives4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ?is ord] are3 aquatic habits1 firmly plant$ tee?1 sk9 ?ick & furni%$ ) armor-plates1 a long tail1 f\r %ort legs1 & feet ) toes4 ,! crocodile's limbs are muscul> & active1 well articulat$ or put toge!r1 & end 9 f+]s or toes1 :i*ev] we may *oose to call !m4 ,! /rong1 bony plates are *iefly on ! creature's back4 ,a peculi>ity ( ! tee? is t !y are cone or w$ge %ap$1 & a pair on ! l[] jaw are mu* long] ?an ! o!rs1 & fit into not*es 9 ! upp] jaw :5 ! m\? is clos$4 ,:at is ! use ( ^! big tee?8 ,x is to seize & hold firmly ! prey ( ! mon/]1 s t by no /ruggles c x escape :5 held by ^! cruel prongs4 ,! crocodilia are all inhabitants ( hot c\ntries1 & are f\nd 9 ,asia1 ,africa1 ,au/ralia1 & tropical ,am]ica4 ,we *iefly associate !m 9 our ?\ghts ) ! ,nile & ! ,ganges riv]s1 :]e !y p>ticul>ly ab\nd1 & 7 once paid div9e honors4 ,! gavial1 or crocodile ( ,india1 (t5 rea*es tw5ty-five feet 9 l5g?1 & is ! giant ( its ord]4#gj ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! true ,nile crocodiles & ! alligators by its v long & n>r[ sn\t1 ! jaws ( :i* are set ) fifty-f\r tee? above & fifty-two bel[1 pres5t+ ! appe>ance ( a t]rible pair ( huge d\ble saws4 ,ea* ( ^! great cone-%ap$ tee? has b5ea? x1 sl[ly gr[+ = future use1 two or ?ree o!r tee?1 :i*1 z ! too? 9 use is worn out1 gr[ up & displace x1 & s cont9ue ! p]fection ( ! entire set4 ,! %ape ( ! nose or sn\t ( ! crocodile *anges ) its age2 a "y crocodile's sn\t is depress$1 & ! animal _c rema9 "u wat] s long z an old "o4 ,! male gavials h a l>ge1 prom95t swell+ 9 front ( ! no/ril4 ,africa is ! orig9al home ( ! true crocodile1 & !re x has be5 fe>$ & deifi$ f remote antiquity4 ,pictures & sculptures ( x are to be f\nd on ! olde/ monum5ts4 ,) ! t]ror ( ! crocodile ! ,african mo!rs fright5 _! *ildr5 into ob$i5ce1 & (t5 9 ! end ! crocodile gets bo? "m & *ild if !y v5ture too ne> ! wat]4 ,9 ! ,upp] ,nile region ! bea/s ab\nd1 & are se5 ly+ bask+ 9 ! sun1 8plac$ side by side l r[s ( fell$ tree trunks10 says "o travell]4 ,!y ab\nd ?us because ! numb] ( eggs deposit$ is enorm\s4 ,no creature is m subject to enemies3 m51 turtles1 & fi%1 besides wild animals1 seek out & dev\r ! crocodile eggs4 ,z soon z ! little mon/]s are hat*$1 fi%1 wild bea/s1 birds ( prey1 & ! l>ge male crocodiles wait to dev\r !m4 ,a baby crocodile has no fri5d or def5d] b its "m1 & ?r\gh all its life x is ! foe ( ne>ly e liv+ ?+1 & consequ5tly hat$ & attack$ by ev]y?+ t is capable ( do+ x injury4 ,! crocodiles are entirely c>nivor\s 9 _! habits4 ,!y pref] putrid fle% to fre%1 & ?us !y are valuable riv] scav5g]s1 eat+ e c>cass t appe>s4 ,travell]s tell u t 9 attack+ prey ! crocodile pref]s to give fir/ a good bl[ ) 8 tail1 & s r5d] ! victim unconsci\s4 ,!n he drags x "u wat] & dev\rs x2 or1 if n press+ly hungry1 buries x 9 ! mud until x p>tly decays4 ,! mon/]s lie 9 wait at =ds1 or at ! dr9k+ places :]e cattle & wild bea/s come at ev5+ to dr9k4 ,!n !y seize ! /oop+ prey & pull x "u ! wat]4 ,antelopes1 c[s1 & human be+s seem to be ! crocodile's favorite food4 ,! creature is c[>dly & w draw (f if a p]son %[s fight :5 x appe>s4 ,ow+ to its habit ( eat+ putrid fle%1 ! eyes1 m\?1 & ?roat ( ! crocodile are infe/$ ) sw>ms ( l>ge meat flies4 ,! 8,nile bird10 an agile & pretty insectivor\s bird1 foll[s ! crocodile ab\t1 &1 da%+ ev5 into 8 op5 jaws1 picks (f ! flies4 ,! brute seems to und]/& ! good (fices ( ! bird1 & nev] snaps at x or closes 8 m\? ^u x4 ,?us ! ,nile bird is ! only fri5d ( ! crocodile1 & ! only liv+ ?+ t does n fe> him4 ,! tongue ( ! crocodile is atta*$ all r\nd to ! bottom ( ! m\?1 & _c be protrud$4 ,! neck is s =m$ ) rib-l processes t x c be mov$ b little1 s ! giant reptile has no means ( ridd+ itself ( its p]si/5t insignificant torm5ts1 ! flies1 & is at ! m]cy ( ! ,nile bird's appetite to get relief4 ,! "m crocodile lays h] eggs 9 ! s&1 :i* %e heaps ov] !m1 & leaves ! sun to w>m !m into life4 ,a rec5t travell] says t he took sev5ty-n9e eggs f a crocodile's place ( deposit ne> ! bank ( an ,african riv]4 ,!re 0 no ef=t to make a ne/1 b ! "m _h *os5 a spot a few paces f ! bank ( ! riv]1 & _h made x cle> ( plants 9 a circle ( sev]al y>ds 9 diamet]4 ,to d ?is %e _h plac$ h]self on ! spot & :eel$ h] heavy body r\nd a numb] ( times1 mak+ ! e>? cle>4 ,!n %e _h laid d[n a few bran*es1 z if to prev5t ! eggs f roll+ away4 ,next %e dug out f\r pits1 ea* ab\t two feet deep1 obliquely set4 ,! eggs 7 laid tw5ty or tw5ty-five ea* day1 until a hundr$ _h be5 plac$ 9 ! pits1 "o pit be+ dug & fill$ be=e ano!r 0 made4 ,aft] ! eggs are laid ! "m crocodile rema9s asleep ne> !m a great "p ( ! "t1 bask+ 9 ! sun1 & leav+ ! place ( deposit only to g to ! wat] & seek food4 ,! egg-lay+ occurs b once a ye>1 ab\t ! op5+ ( ,janu>y4 ,x is two mon?s be=e ! "y hat* out1 & ab\t ! "t !y appe> ! ra9y season sets 94 ,z !y come f ! hat*+ place !y take to ! wat] by in/9ct1 & !re ! "m is wait+ to give !m :at def5ce %e c1 = ! male adult crocodiles are ready to dev\r !m1 & wild bea/s ( v>i\s k9ds make !m a prey4 ,! "y crocodiles %[ _! fi]ce disposition at once1 fight+1 bit+1 & mak+ !mselves g5]ally disagreeable z soon z !y get into ! wat]4 ,,footnotes3 #gj ,specim5s ev5 long] ?an ?is h be5 not$4 ,,lesson ,,xxxviii4 ,,el ,,lag>to4 ,bask+ ^u a log he lies2 ,ar\nd him skim ! dragon flies2 ,above ! squirrel drums 8 tune2 ,! rabbit /eals along ! brake1 ,& trembles le/ 8 foot/eps wake ,! tyrant ( ! /ill lagoon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lurk+4 ,! alligator is an ,am]ican crocodile4#ga ,! ord] crocodilia1 :i* includes ! gavial ( ,india1 ! true crocodile ( ! ,nile1 ! cayman ( ! ,or9oco region1 & ! ,am]ican alligator1 is pl5tiful 9 ,florida & "s ( our o!r ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & takes its sci5tific "n f ! ,mississippi ,riv]1#gb "o ( its favorite homes4 ,! "n alligator is ( ,spani% orig91 el lag>to1 ! liz>d1 & 0 giv5 by ! e>ly ,spani% explor]s ( our ,s\!rn ,/ates because ?is 0 ! greate/ liz>d !y _h ev] se54 ,?is ,am]ican crocodile1 ! alligator1 is "o ( ! be/-kn[n creatures 9 ! _w4 ,be+ easily caught1 & easily re>$1 x is se5 9 ! *eape/ %[s1 museums1 & m5ag]ies1 & 9 _m public aqu>iums & zoological g>d5s4 ,= my own "p ,i nev] felt a deep] sympa?y ) any wret*$ bea/ ?an ,i did ) a pair ( alligators 9 ! ,brighton ,aqu>ium1 ,engl&4 ,ly+ 9 a grotto1 :]e all t c\ld be done 9 ! way ( provid+ !m ) a few in*es ( wat]1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( damp heat _h be5 done to te/ify to ! g5]al good w ( _! keep]s1 7 ^? mis]able exiles f _! hot1 native lagoons4 ,i fanci$ t among ! mi/s & raw cold ( 8,john ,bull's tight little isl&0 ^! creatures long$1 z ,i did1 = ! vivid blaze ( a s\!rn sun4 ,:ile an alligator bask+ on a log 9 hot sun%9e1 deep wat] close at h& to slip into = safety1 is a picture ( int5se lazy enjoym5t1 an alligator bl9k+ at an electric light 9 an aqu>ium1 a *illy bea/ /ret*$ ^u wet /ones1 seems 9 8 /illness a picture ( apa!tic mis]y4 ,i d\bt if ei!r ( ! bea/s 9 ! aqu>ium c\ld h r\s$ to en\gh int]e/ 9 life to snap at its favorite food1 a puppy1 _h "o v5tur$ ne>4 ,!y did n ev5 %[ appreciation ( ! fact t a p]son l myself1 ) a tol]ation = dog-days1 & a he>ty long+ = palmettoes1 trumpet-creep]s1 magnolias1 & r$-birds1 0 look+ at !m ) sympa?y & a gleam ( k9dness6 ,! adult alligator is easily tak5 prison] by be+ seiz$ f beh9d z x lies bask+2 its legs are securely b\nd1 its m\? muzzl$1 & !n--away to a %[man's cage6 ,! ,or9oco cayman & ! ,mississippi alligator are (t5 captur$ 9 ! foll[+ curi\s fa%ion4 ,a hook bait$ ) "s small animal1 :i* ! alligator especially likes z food1 is dropp$ into ! wat]1 & :5 seiz$ by ! alligator1 ! hook :i* is n %>p1 b blunt & d\ble1 is arrang$ to exp& & fill ! creature's ?roat1 b w n pi]ce or te> x4 ,!n by pull+ at ! *a9 or rope atta*$ to ?is hook1 ! brute is drawn a%ore4 ,a /rong man next leaps on its back1 grasps its =e-legs & draws !m bridle-wise back to s]ve z re9s4 ,?us m\nt$ ! captor ma9ta9s 8 seat z on a fracti\s horse1 dur+ all ! creature's plunges & tail-la%+1 until f9ally x succumbs1 fairly worn out by its own battle4 ,once entirely exhau/$1 x becomes weak1 mild1 & ob$i5t4 ,! food ( ! alligator is squirrels1 rabbits1 wat]-rats1 wat]-f[l1 fi%1 h>es1 & "y dogs1 b x w attack m5 & kill *ildr5 if x has opportunity4 ,its me?od ( prey+ is mu* l t ( ! ,nile crocodile2 ! victim is fir/ pull$ "u ! wat] & dr[n$1 & !n eat5 at leisure4#gc ,! alligator seems to "k t :ile he is m]ely enjoy+ a little agreeable *ange "u ! surface ( ! wat]1 8 prey w dr[n4 ,:y does n ! wat] ru% into ! lungs ( ! alligator1 & s smo!r x1 z ! alligator is a lung-brea?+ animal8 ,because x has at ! base ( its tongue an int]ior coll> :i* exp&s & gu>ds ! passages to ! lungs :5 x is "u wat]4 ,:5 x wants a m\?ful ( air x elevates its head above wat] :ile its h&s hold its victim bel[ ! surface4 ,! alligator is a small] animal ?an ! crocodile1 its l5g? be+ f five to t5 feet2 its head is %ort] & broad] ?an t ( ! crocodile1 & its sn\t is m obtuse4 ,! l>ge1 long tee? on ! l[] jaw d n1 z 9 ! crocodile1 fit into ext]nal furr[s on ! upp] jaw1 b into pits made !re to receive !m4 ,! h9d legs & feet ( a crocodile h a jagg$ fr+e :i* ! alligator does n h2 ! alligator's h9d feet are webb$ only ab\t half way up ! toes1 & ! crocodile's h9d feet are webb$ to ! v tip4 ,despite ! /rong musky odor ( ! alligator's fle%1 x has sometimes be5 eat53 s also !re are p :o w eat crocodile's fle% & eggs4 ,to a civiliz$ appetite no fle% c\ld be m loa?some4 ,! alligator's bill ( f>e is n conf9$ to ! liv+ creatures we h j m5tion$ z furni%+ its favorite food4 ,al]t = its breakfa/1 ?is pirate ( ! lagoons & bay\s ga!rs up fi%1 fle%1 & f[l = its table1 b swall[s1 z a condim5t1 :atev] comes h&y4 ,an old rubb] %oe float+ 9 ! wat]1 an empty soda-wat] bottle1 a lo/ jack-knife1 a batt]$ t9 c1 a /one z big z an orange1 "p ( a brok5 lamp1--any ( ^! are welcom$ z s]v+ to fill ! yawn+ vacancy 9 its /oma*1 & to aid 9 gr9d+ up m dige/ible food4 ,simil>ly an o/ri* w swall[ a horse%oe1 a table-knife1 a spoon1 a lea!r /rap & buckle1 a few spools ( ?read1 or any o!r trifle left 9 its way1 seem+ to consid] its /oma*1 z a s*ool-boy does 8 pocket1 a g5]al receptacle = almo/ any?+ t comes to h&6 ,baby alligators make r amus+ pets = a numb] ( mon?s1 be=e !y beg9 to exhibit h]$it>y traits1 :5 !y at once fail to be agreeable4 ,!y w eat eggs1 raw or cook$ meat1 rats1 mice1 birds1 frogs1 toads4 ,!y le>n to come :5 !y are call$1 enjoy he>+ a :i/le1 &1 on r>e occasions1 %[ "s slight degree ( gratitude & affection1 amiable *>act]i/ics :i* !y spe$ily outgr[4 ,:5 ^! baby alligators are a few mon?s old1 !y mu/ be kill$ or put back into ! wat] :]e _! relatives live4 ,alligators are usually sil5t animals1 b 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! eggs are be+ laid1 !y all become noisy & excit$1 & bell[ l buffaloes4 ,a numb] ( adult alligators ro>+ toge!r make a s\nd l di/ant heavy ?und]4 ,! "m alligator builds ) h] front feet a m\nd ( mud1 or s&1 ?\gh if %e f9ds a m\nd j to h] ta/e1 %e takes t1 & saves h]self tr\ble4 ,9 ! m\nd %e places h] eggs1 & 9 due "t ! sun hat*es !m4 ,! eggs ( reptiles are n enclos$ 9 h>d1 brittle %ells1 z ^? ( birds1 b 9 a ?ick1 t\gh1 ela/ic sk91 z if ! :ite sk9 t l9es a bird's egg-%ell _h gr[n p>*m5t-l & s]v$ in/ead ( %ell4 ,! eggs are ! size ( h5's eggs1 b m po9t$4 ,z soon z ! little alligators come f ! egg1 !y scuttle (f to ! wat] & are ready to fight _! enemies & beg9 _! pr$atory lives4 ,z !y are small] & less fi]ce ?an ! gavials1 caymans1 or true crocodiles1 !y are f> less de/ructive4 ,an alligator ( twelve feet long is a giant ( 8 k9d4 ,n only are ! alligators small] ?an crocodiles1 b !y h few] tee?1 & are 8less h&y ) _! tails10 n be+ able to /rike out q s vigor\sly4 ,! alligator is among ! animals t are disappe>+ be=e p]petual hunt+ & ! pres5ce ( m5 ab\t _! old haunts4 ,!y are /ill num]\s1 b few] ?an !y 7 "s ye>s ago4 ,!y w die out spe$ily unless p und]take to raise !m on alligator f>ms4 ,& :y %\ld p d t8 ,= ! sake ( _! sk9s4 ,alligator sk9s make a /rong & h&some lea!r1 v beautiful = bags1 portmanteaus1 purses1 boots1 portfolios2 & = ! sake ( _! sk9s !y %\ld be re>$4 ,,footnotes3 #ga ,a true ,crocodilus ,am]icanus1 long ov]look$ or mi/ak5 = an alligator1 has be5 discov]$ 9 ,am]ica4 #gb ,alligator ,mississippi5sis4 #gc ,! alligator1 l ! crocodile1 c close ! no/ril op5+ & rema9 "u wat] = "s "t4 ,,lesson ,,xxxix4 ,,wis] ,,?an ,,any ,,bea/ ,,( ,,! ,,field4 8,beyond ! %ad[s ( ! %ip ,i wat*$ ! wat] snakes2 ,!y mov$ 9 tracks ( %9+ :ite2 ,& :5 !y re>$1 ! elfi% light ,fell (f 9 ho>y flakes40 --,,col]idge1 ,anci5t ,m>9]4 ,betwe5 man & ! snake !re seems to be plac$ an in/9ctive & unappeasable enmity4 ,! snake1 see+ any human be+1 ei!r glides (f 9 ha/e1 or coils itself up & hisses1 or ?r[s itself =w>d 9 attack4 ,! human be+1 on ! o!r h&1 exp]i5ces fe>1 disgu/1 av]sion1 & seizes /ick or /one1 or makes use ( 8 heel1 if well protect$1 to kill ! snake4 8,w> to ! dea?1 & no qu>t]10 seems to be ! cry betwe5 ! highe/ ( ! mammals & ! s]p5t tribe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,our ,,natural ,,enemy4 8,z hide\s z a snake0 is a common phrase1 born ( ! hatr$ betwe5 man & ! ophidian ord]1 b 9 po9t ( fact1 7 enmity left out ( ! "q1 ! creatures ( ! s]p5t tribe are n hide\s4 ,a li!1 long1 cyl9drical body1 coat$ ) glitt]+ scales1 & spl5did ) all ! colors ( ! ra9b[1 elegantly arrang$ 9 r+s1 l9es1 or dots2 bright eyes2 graceful motions2 a tongue t plays to & fro l lightn+ 9 an op5 ?roat1 (t5 ( vivid flame color2 a head sometimes cre/$ z if be>+ a royal cr[n1--^! are "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( t s]p5t family1 :i* in/9ctively we call 8hide\s0 & 8hateful40 ,to ! above briefly not$ p>ticul>s we may add t ! eyes ( snakes are lidless & ! sight some:at feeble2 ! s5se ( smell is bett] develop$1 & ! no/rils are plac$ close to ! m\?4 ,! m\? is l>ge proportionately1 & op5s widely2 ! tongue is ! organ ( t\*2 !re are no ext]nal e>s1 & snakes seem to be defici5t 9 he>+4 ,snakes h no ext]nal limbs1 except 9 two or ?ree species1 :]e !re are m]e rudim5ts ( h9d-legs visible4 ,! snake's body is ela/ic & capable ( enorm\s di/5tion4 ,x is furni%$ ) a sp9al column1 & ) num]\s ribs4 ,! ribs & scutes1 or l>ge scales1 are ! *ief organs ( locomotion4 ,! me?od ( crawl+ %[n by ! worm1 z describ$ 9 ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #b1 is v mu* l t ( "s snakes4 ,!re are ?ree ways 9 :i* snakes make _! progression4 ,fir/1 !y may glide =w>d ) a p]fectly /raight motion1 by pu%+ ) ! scutes1 or l>ge scale-l plates ( ! "u "p ( ! body1 to :i* ! ends ( ! ribs are atta*$4 ,second1 ^! scutes may op5 out z ! scales ( a fi% :5 scrap$ backw>d f head to tail1#gd & on ! edges ( ^! op5$ scute-plates1 ! snake may walk4 ,?ird1 !y may g =w>d by pu%+2 /ret*+ out ! body1 & !n contract+ x1 & mak+ ! same motion ov] aga91 ^! motions be+ s9u\s1 or wave-l1 f side to side4 ,! light1 smoo? body ( ! snake1 provid$ ) num]\s small1 p[]ful muscles1 r5d]s its progress by any ( ^! me?ods exce$+ly rapid4 ,wat] snakes swim1 wav+ ! body f side to side1 & us+ ! tail z an o> is us$ 9 scull+4 ,no s]p5t c move on a p]fectly smoo? surface1 z glass2 x mu/ h "s ridges1 or r\ghness to resi/ ! motions ( ! scales & ribs4 ,s]p5ts are dumb except = _! hiss1 :i* is produc$ by driv+ ! air swiftly f ! lungs4 ,9 "s snakes ! hiss is v>i$ to a :9e or hum4 ,s]p5ts1 l ! batra*ians1 ca/ (f _! sk9s & come out 9 gleam+ new sk9s :i* h gr[n "u ! old ones4 ,if ! s]p5t = any reason _c ca/ its sk9 at ! prop] "t1 x sick5s & dies4 ,! ca/ coat is p]fect 9 =m1 b is g5]ally turn$ inside out4 ,ca/ snake-sk9s are sometimes f\nd 9 ! woods by %>p-ey$ boys4 ,sometimes ! lucky boy f9ds a :ole sk92 at o!r times ! ca/ sk9 has be5 p>tly de/roy$ by ants1 beetles1 or ! effects ( ! wea!r4 ,"s snakes swall[ _! ca/-(f sk9s4 ,snakes usually move ab\t & hunt 9 ! day-"t1 & sleep at night4 ,!y hib]nate1 or take a long w9t] sleep1 z ! liz>ds d4 ,= hib]nation !y retire to caves1 to holes 9 logs or 9 ! gr\nd1 & may be f\nd torpid1 a numb] roll$ closely toge!r4 ,at su* times ! mo/ poison\s snakes1 z ! vip] & rattlesnake1 may be h&l$ )\t dang]4 ,9 ! spr+ !y beg9 to revive ) ! fir/ w>m wea!r4 ,i rememb] t :5 ,i 0 a little girl a v beautiful holl[ or cave 9 ! riv]-bank n f> f ,niag>a ,falls 0 call$ 8,! ,rattlesnake's ,cove10 because s _m snakes liv$ !re4 ,9 summ] ! place 0 c>efully avoid$4 ,9 e>ly spr+1 be=e ! snakes awoke f _! sleep1 ?is cove 0 a favorite place = picnics1 & ! s*ool-boys (t5 w5t !re arm$ ) knives1 hat*ets1 picks1 & hoes1 & hunt$ = ! torpid snakes & kill$ !m by scores4 ,9 hot c\ntries1 :]e !re is no w9t] to s5d !m (f to sleep1 ! snakes are = "s "p ( ! ye> /upid & dr[sy1 & lie = sev]al weeks 9 a ne>ly comatose condition4 ,9 ?is /ate !y are too dull to be ei!r timid or ill-temp]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ca/+ _! sk9s1 !y are exce$+ly n]v\s & vici\s4 ,all snakes are fle% eat]s1 & h v he>ty appetites4 ,!y dr9k a l>ge am\nt ( wat]1 & :5 a captive snake is well suppli$ ) wat]1 x c live = sev]al weeks )\t food4 ,h[ev]1 x is d\btless hungry1 & ! exp]im5t is a cruel "o to try ev5 on a snake4 ,! s]p5ts h _m tee?1 %>p1 cone-l1 & po9t+ backw>d4 ,^! tee? gr[ con/antly2 :5 !y become at la/ old & wor?less1 !y are at once r5ew$4 ,lucky snakes6 no too?less gums1 no worn-out1 brok5 tee?1 no a*+ tee?1 no d5ti/'s bills4 ,nature keeps _! tee? p]fect f infancy to old age4 ,snakes lay eggs1 & ) ! "o exception ( ! py?on1 :i* c>ries h] eggs 9 a fold ( h] body1 !y deposit ! eggs 9 safe places1 leave !m to hat* by sun heat1 & let ! little ones take c>e ( !mselves z soon z !y come =? f ! eggs4 ,!re are also a few species ( snakes :i* h _! little ones born alive1 n 9 ! egg4 ,snakes' eggs are enclos$ 9 a lea!ry sk9 l ^? ( turtles4 ,!re is a widely spread /ory t ! "y ( "s k9ds ( snakes accompany _! "m1 & 9 "t ( dang] %e /ret*es op5 h] m\?1 & !y take refuge 9 h] ?roat1 :]e !y rema9 safely until ! dang] is pass$4 ,! keep]s ( ! 8snake-h\se0 9 ! ,london ,zoological ,g>d5 told me !y _h nev] kn[n a case ( ! k9d1 & ! be/ sci5tific writ]s h f\nd no pro(s t su* /ory is true4 ,!re=e ?is tale is op5 to grave d\bts4 ,! snake is a creature ab\t :i* fables h be5 ga!r+ f ! e>lie/ times4 ,! snake 0 "o ( ! fir/ objects ( false wor%ip2 coil$ 9 a r+ ) its tail 9 its m\?1 x 0 tak5 z a symbol ( et]nity4 ,! ,magi ( ! ,ea/ us$ x z ! emblem ( _! ord] & _! arts2 a s]p5t tw9$ on a /ick 0 also ! emblem ( physicians1 & ( ! art ( heal+4 ,x is /range t a creature exhibit+ s _m deadly v>ieties %\ld h be5 *os5 z ! insignia ( ! physician1 & n less /range t to ! s]p5t %\ld h be5 attribut$ great wisdom4 ,snakes exhibit fe> & ang]1 b almo/ no wisdom or any?+ t seems l reason4 ,ne>ly all dome/ic animals--ants1 bees1 spid]s1 & _m fi%es--%[ f> m =eca/1 +5uity1 ar*itectural ability1 ?an any snake4 ,& yet 8crafty z a snake10 8wise z a s]p5t10 are frequ5t expressions4 ,snakes v>y greatly 9 _! habits3 !re are snakes :i* live on ! gr\nd1 hid+ "u /ones1 leaves1 or bru%1 & 9 rock crevices2 o!r snakes live *iefly 9 ! wat]1 mak+ _! holes 9 ! bank bel[ wat]-m>k2 o!rs live 9 trees1 & "s o!rs almo/ entirely und]gr\nd4 ,to ?is tribe surr\nd$ by enemies1 nature has giv5 abundant means ( self-pres]vation1--swiftness ( motion2 in/9ct ( in/ant flight2 poison1 sometimes deadly to its enemies2 va/ size & /r5g?1 z 9 "s boas & py?ons1 & especially colorations1 :i* closely imitate _! surr\nd+s4 ,?us gr\nd snakes h1 especially on ! back & sides1 br[n1 gray1 black1 & :ite 9 spots & m>k+s1 :i* toge!r look mu* l e>?1 twigs1 pebbles1 & dead leaves1 s t ! snake c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f its b$ or home4 ,tree snakes1 & snakes t live 9 grass or mosses1 are usually gre51 m>bl$1 or /reak$ ) black & br[n4 ,snakes f ! m>%es or muddy banks are ne>ly black2 among ! abundant fl[]s & gayly color$ %rubs ( ! tropics1 snakes take v brilliant hues4 ,snakes ( temp]ate climates are also (t5 trick$ out ) sc>let1 or :ite or orange /ripes & b&s4 ,snakes are l>ge/1 mo/ num]\s1 & mo/ brightly color$ 9 hot c\ntries4 ,l all ! cold-blood$ v]tebrates1 !y delight 9 hot sun%9e1 & w lie motionless1 bask+ = h\rs4 ,9 tak+ a position = ?is sun-ba?1 !y select a place :]e !y w n be conspicu\s4 ,i h (t5 notic$ t :ile a gray snake w /ret* itself out 9 ! sun on a b>e rock1 a gre5 snake nev] *ooses su* a po/4 ,in/ead1 ! gre5 snake ext5ds itself on a b$ ( moss1 or close1 %ort grass1 or if slim & light ( body1 w crawl up ! midrib ( a big leaf1 or ! /alk ( a f]n frond1 :]e its color is sc>cely disc]nible f ! vegetation ab\t x4 ,a d>k br[n or black snake seems to "k t x is tol]ably secure ly+ ^u a fall51 decay+ tree-trunk4 ,s a gray1 or black & :ite snake1 may (t5 be se5 sunn+ himself on a f5ce-rail1 or on ! top ( a /one wall4 ,!re seems to be a common notion t because a creature is a snake1 x mu/ be dang]\s & poison\s4 ,?is is q wrong1 = 9 po9t ( fact1 v few ( ! num]\s s]p5t families are v5om\s4 ,! great] numb] ( _! species are q h>mless4 ,"o ( ! mo/ dang]\s ( all snakes1 ! boa-con/rictor1 does n kill its prey by poison+1 b by cru%+ x4 ,9 g5]al1 ! head ( ! h>mless snake is r\nd$ & oblong1 :ile ! poison\s species h heads flat & triangul>4 ,snakes prey ^u birds1 toads1 rats1 mice1 frogs1 goph]s1 & de/roy mu* h>mful v]m94 ,! common snakes1 call$ 8milk snakes0 & 8g>t] snakes10 :i* frequ5t b>ns1 are n at all poison\s1 b1 on ! contr>y1 are useful1 de/roy+ rats & mice4 ,ne>ly all snakes are v fond ( milk1 & w glide up to a b[l ( bread & milk1 especially if x is w>m$1 & eat x ) great reli%4 ,black snakes are seldom h>mful to p1 b are cruel enemies ( birds1 dev\r+ ! "y & ! eggs1 & te>+ up ! ne/s4 ,snakes seem to be able to 8*>m0 or mesm]ize small animals1 & sometimes ev5 human be+s1 by fix+ _! gaze /eadfa/ly ^u !m4 ,! victim appe>s to be smitt5 dumb & motionless ) t]ror1 & a bird ?us *>m$ w pres5tly flutt] /raight t[>d ! op5 m\? ( ! snake4 ,i h se5 "o case ( a snake s *>m+ a bird1 b ,i _h a bett] opportunity to /udy a cat *>m+ a bird1 & probably ! process is mu* alike 9 bo?4 ,! cat plac$ itself on ! outside sill ( my w9d[1 ne> to a p9e tree4 ,a bird pres5tly alight$ on ! p9e tree1 no d\bt n obs]v+ ! cat4 ,! cat fix$ its att5tion on ! bird4 ,! cat's eyes 7 widely op5$1 & %one ) a peculi> brightness2 its head 0 rais$ & int5t1 ! fur on its neck & ab\t its face sl[ly /ood up1 z if electrifi$4 ,except = ?is ris+ ( ! fur1 & a c]ta9 int5sity ( life 9 ! :ole attitude ( ! bea/1 x 0 z /ill z if cut f /one4 ,! bird quiv]$1 trembl$1 look$ fix$ly at ! cat1 & f9ally1 ) a feeble %ake ( ! w+s1 fell t[>d ! cat1 :i* b\nd$ to seize x4 ,,footnotes3 #gd ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,scales & ,tee?4 ,,lesson ,,xl4 ,,our ,,common ,,enemy4 8,)9 ! %ad[ ( ! %ip ,i wat*$ _! ri* attire1 ,blue1 glossy gre51 & velvet black1 ,!y coil$ & %one1 & e track ,0 a fla% ( gold5 fire60 --,,col]idge4 ,"o day :ile sitt+ at d9n] ,i he>d a l\d outcry f "s bluebirds1 especial pets ( m9e1 :i* _h _! ne/ 9 a little grove ( dw>f oaks ne> my h\se4 ,hurry+ out to inquire into ! tr\bles ( my favorites1 ,i saw ! "m bird sitt+ on a twig1 h] w+s dropp$ wide & slack1 h] tail droop+1 h] head /ret*$ =w>d1 quiv]+ ) fe>2 ! fa!r bird 0 fly+ ab\t cry+ wildly1 :ile on a limb ( ! oak1 & approa*+ ! ne/1 0 a l>ge black snake4 ,! ne/ 0 full ( ne>ly hat*$ eggs4 ,to ?r[ a big /one at ! snake 0 ! fir/ p]=mance4 ,!n "s "o ran = a cane to beat ! mon/]2 b ! snake _h conclud$ t discretion 0 ! bett] "p ( valor1 & wait$ only to receive "o good bl[1 be=e he glid$ (f among ! bu%es s swiftly t we c\ld n f9d him4 ,:]e ^! big climb+ snakes are num]\s1 ! birds h a h>d "t to raise a brood1 = ! snakes de/roy ! ne/s1 & dev\r alike p>5ts & fl$gl+s4 ,except = _! attacks on ! birds1 tree-climb+ snakes are usually ( ! h>mless k9d1 & are sometimes ev5 useful4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a tree snake 9 hot c\ntries1 :i* seems to h a spiteful disposition1 & d>ts f ! bran*es at ! eyes & faces ( pass]s-by1 (t5 inflict+ a %>p1 ?\gh n poison\s w\nd4 ,i once =m$ ! acqua9tance ( a girl :o act$ z 8snake-*>m]0 9 a museum4 ,%e a/oni%$ ! public by go+ into a glass cage fill$ ) snakes1 :i* %e h&l$ & play$ )4 ,%e held ! snakes 9 h] lap1 tw9$ !m ab\t h] neck & arms1 & made free ) !m 9 _m ways4 ,%e told me confid5tially1 t :ile ^! snakes look$ z if !y 7 t]rible mon/]s1 !y 7 ! mo/ ( !m fangless & ( h>mless v>ieties4 ,^? :i* 7 ( poison\s species _h be5 r5d]$ safe play?+s by hav+ _! fangs cut out4 ,! poison\s snakes h a poison sac or bag1 :i* empties into a little duct or canal runn+ along ea* side ( ! jaw to a l>ge too? or fang2 by an action ( ! ?roat muscles1 ! s]p5t presses poison f ! sac ?r\gh ! canal1 & ejects x ?r\gh ! too? z x bites4 ,by cutt+ out ! fangs ! snake is r5d]$ h>mless1 b only = ! "t be+4 ,! poison app>atus reproduces itself1 & unless ! process ( gr[? is wat*$ & ! fang aga9 cut out1 ! lately h>mless snake may sudd5ly become h>mful1 & ! snake-*>m] be fatally w\nd$4 8,! poison\s ones d n keep f bit+ because ,i *>m !m1 or because !y l me10 said ! snake-*>m] frankly4 8,snakes nev] "k or l anybody1 s f> z ,i c see2 x is only t !y c't bite1 t's all4 ,folks ?9k ! snakes love me because !y coil ab\t me4 ,x is only because ,i am w>m t !y d t4 ,!y are cold creatures1 ! snakes1 & !y l ! heat ( my arms1 neck1 & lap1 t's all40 ,among ! snakes )\t poison gl&s are ! py?ons1 ! species t wat*es ov] & incubates its eggs4 ,! "m py?on coils h]self r\nd & ov] ! eggs1 & = ?ree mon?s reta9s ?is position1 until ! little ones are hat*$4 ,%e seems to be v fond ( h] "y1 & is ! model "m ( all ! snake tribe4 ,! l>g] py?ons eat birds1 cats1 rabbits1 h>es1 frogs1 & dogs4 ,!y seldom m$dle ) human be+s 9 any way4 ,! s& snakes are ne>ly relat$ to ! py?ons & are also non-poison\s4 ,! l>ge/ ( all snakes1 ! boa-con/rictor1 belongs to ! same sub-ord] z ! py?on1 & w\ld be h>mless if x 7 n = its rabid appetite1 :i* tempts x to dev\r e liv+ ?+ :i* x sees1 :ile its great /r5g? enables x to ma/] almo/ any prey4 ,?us x w w9d ab\t a man1 an ox1 or a horse1 & cru% su* victims to dea?1 & fe$ ^u !m at leisure4 ,! boas & mo/ ( ! py?ons are natives ( hot c\ntries4 ,a man :o _h long be5 a sailor gave me an acc\nt ( ! capture ( a boa-con/rictor1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,london ,zoological ,g>d54 ,?is sailor want$ to g to ! int]ior ( ! isl& ( ,java1 to see ! c\ntry4 ,:5 he l&$ 9 ,java he met an ,engli% g5tleman1 ,sir ,h5ry ----1 :o 0 fond ( travel & hunt+1 & _h come to ,java int5d+ to capture "s wild animals to pres5t to ! ,reg5t's ,p>k ,zoological ,g>d54 ,a rajah ( ,java _h invit$ ,sir ,h5ry to g to 8 bungal[ 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! isl&1 & h a big hunt4 ,sir ,h5ry (f]$ to take ! sailor along to aid him4 ,!y caught a tig] & sev]al o!r bea/s1 & ,i w describe to y ! way 9 :i* !y captur$ a boa-con/rictor4 ,!y f\nd a place 9 ! =e/1 :]e ! cru%$ grass & bru% %[$ t a boa frequ5tly pass$ by4 ,!n at ev5+1 !y fa/5$ a goat to a tree t its cry+ might attract ! big snake4 ,= two or ?ree nights some?+ c>ri$ (f ! goat1 or x manag$ to escape4 ,f9ally !y *a9$ ! goat4 ,! hunt]s 7 wat*+ & wait+ "s way (f4 ,at la/ !y he>d cries f ! goat1 :i* cries ! natives said meant t a snake 0 com+4 ,!n all 0 /ill1 & !y said t meant t ! boa 0 eat+ ! goat4 ,accord+ly !y hurri$ to ! spot4 ,!re1 /ret*$ out 8 full l5g?1 lay a huge boa2 he _h swall[$ ! goat1 :i* di/5d$ ! front "p ( 8 body s t he w\ld h _h h>d "w to move1 ev5 if he _h n be5 held by ! *a9 atta*$ to ! swall[$ goat4 ,?is *a9 0 fa/5$ to a plane tree1 & held ! boa fa/1 z he c\ld n disgorge ! goat4 ,! boa does n dismemb] or *ew its food2 x cru%es x1 & swall[s x :ole4 ,!n x lies quiet1 & waits = ! mass to dige/4 ,?us ! boa 0 captur$ by ! *a9 d[n its ?roat4 ,sev]al /rong natives n[ leap$ ^u ! mon/]'s tail & held x d[n4 ,o!rs laid a long1 ?ick bamboo on ea* side ( ! boa1 f head to tail4 ,!n ) /rong1 new ropes !y w\nd & b\nd ! snake to ! bamboos until he 0 /iffly imprison$4 ,next !y releas$ ! *a9 f ! tree1 & left ! end dangl+ f ! snake's gre$y m\?4 ,!n a doz5 or m /rong natives pick$ up ! bamboo /icks1 ) ! great s]p5t betwe5 !m1 & m>*$ (f to ! coa/1 :]e a cage _h be5 prep>$ = x on an ,engli% %ip4 ,! sub-ord] :i* includes ! greate/ snakes 9 ! _w1 z ! boas1 py?ons1 & anacondas1 includes also "s ( ! v smalle/1 t9y creatures n ov] an in* 9 diamet] & a few in*es 9 l5g?4 ,^! snakes exhibit e v>iety ( color & m>k+1--gre51 gold1 crimson1 :ite1 black1 br[n1 violet1 yell[2 !y gleam 9 ! spl5dors ( ! ra9b[4 ,i rememb] once on a cre/ ( ! ,lehigh ,m\nta9s ,i 0 look+ up "s ( ! l[] v]tebrates1 :51 happ5+ to glance ov] ! side ( a big /one on :i* ,i 0 sitt+1 ,i saw ! mo/ beautiful little snake t ,i c\ld imag9e4 ,x 0 coil$ up 9 ! sun1 & 0 only ab\t t5 in*es long1 & less ?an "o in* 9 diamet]4 ,x 0 ( a vivid em]ald gre5 color1 & z ! sun t\*$ its t9y scales !y seem$ bord]$ & p[d]$ ) gold4 ,! "u "p ( its body pal$ to pea gre5 & silv] :ite1 a few dots ( r$ glitt]$ ab\t its neck & %\ld]s1 l coral beads4 ,its wide-op5 m\? 0 r$di% & bord]$ ) yell[4 ,its t9y tongue play$ l lightn+ to & fro1 caught ! sun%9e1 & gleam$ z if dipp$ 9 gold4 ,al>m$ at see+ me1 & afraid to leave its retreat on ! sunny side ( ! /one1 x erect$ its head ) a l[ hiss1 d>t$ x f side to side1 & seem$ to try to fright5 me away4 ,almo/ z pretty z ?is little dwell] on ! m\nta9s are "s ( ! wat] snakes1 :i* are (t5 iridesc5t1 & *ange 9 t9ts ( r$1 purple1 crimson1 orange1 & gre54 ,good swimm]s & fi%]s1 !y pass a happy life among ! lily-pads4 ,,lesson ,,xli4 ,,) ,a ,,h\se ,,on ,,8 ,,back4 ,& ?r\gh ! mossy wood-pa?s sl[ ,i see ! sil5t tortoise g4 ,! flecks ( light1 ! %ad[s dim1 ,! spr++ fl[]s1 are naught to him2 ,! dry p9e ne$les are 8 b$1 ,8 h\se is always o'er 8 head1 ,! fungus is 8 table spread4 ,sev]al ye>s ago1 walk+ "o morn+ 9 a wood 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,i surpris$ a wood turtle or box tortoise1 eat+ 8 breakfa/4 ,! season _h be5 ra9y & _m v>ieties ( l>ge fungus _h atta9$ a prodigal gr[?4 ,! woods 7 full ( :at are popul>ly call$ toad-/ools2 _m ( !m 7 ( ! diamet] ( a tea-plate1 & /ood five or six in*es high4 ,z ,i walk$ ?r\gh ! wood ,i obs]v$ t _m ( ^! fungi _h be5 gnaw$ (f ev5ly1 z if cut by a knife1 leav+ only ! c5tral pill> intact4 ,:at _h done ?is8 ,i soon discov]$2 = mov+ noiselessly ov] ! mossy e>?1 ,i came to a little op5+1 :]e grew "o ( ! f9e/ ( ^! toad-/ools1 & !re 0 a wood turtle tak+ 8 breakfa/4 ,! animal _h already made "o or two r\nds ( 8 plate1 & 0 eat+ ) praisewor?y delib]ation4 ,he w\ld bite (f a m\?ful ( toad-/ool1 *ew x c>efully until he _h extract$ all ! juice1 !n op5 8 m\? & drop out ! *ew$ fibre1 & take a fre% m\?ful1 n bit+ inw>d t[>d ! /em1 b break+ (f ! morsel next beside t :i* he _h j eat54 ,he pac$ r\nd & r\nd ! fungus z he took 8 bites1 eat+ 8 plate l neas & ! o!r ,trojans1#ge & z ! fungus decreas$ 9 regul> circles1 ! circle ( *ew$ fragm5ts increas$4 ,9 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r he _h eat5 all ! disk ( ! fungus to ! /em "p1 & !n he walk$ sl[ly (f to look = ano!r4 ,i f\nd ! crumbs t _h fall5 f 8 vani%$ table q dry1 no?+ nutriti\s be+ left 9 !m4 ,:y he reject$ ! c5tral "p ( ! fungus & ! /em1 ,i c\ld n imag9e1 b he left x 9 e in/ance4 ,if he came ^u a decay$ or wormy portion ( ! toad-/ool1 he did n 8bite r\nd x10 b ab&on$ x altoge!r1 & w5t = a fre% "o4 ,at ano!r turn 9 ?is wood1 ,i f\nd1 "u a p9e tree1 ! %ell & entire skeleton ( a turtle1 f :i* e p>ticle ( fle% & muscle 0 gone4 ,! animal _h di$ on 8 b$ ( p9e ne$les1 & 8 decay+ body _h be5 dev\r$ by ants1 :i* _h left a delicately :ite skeleton4 ,! little horny jaw _h a v close resemblance to ! beaks ( c]ta9 birds4 ,! turtle is a f\r-legg$ reptile1 ) a %ort1 /\t1 oval-%ap$ body1 encas$ 9 a bony frame or box1 f :i* ! animal is able to protrude its head1 legs1 & tail1 & into :i* x c )draw !m at pleasure4 ,9 diff]5t v>ieties ( turtle1 ! size & %ape ( ! box-l cov]+ v>ies4 ,! box tortoise c retire into its %ell & close ! "u "p into a groove ( ! upp] edge1 & ?us =m = itself an impregnable retreat2 b !re are v>ieties only p>tly encas$ by ! %ell1 :i* _c br+ _! heads & feet "u cov]4 ,! turtle w&]s ab\t ) its h\se on its back z ! snail does1 & aga9/ its enemies x c close its doors & be emphatically 8n at home40 ,turtles h ke5 sight & he>+2 !y h no tee?1 ! jaws be+ simply cas$ 9 horn1 l ^? ( birds4 ,_m ( !m are capable ( mak+ l\d s\nds4 ,turtles lay eggs :i* are buri$ 9 e>? or s&1 & left to !mselves to hat*4 ,! sea turtle is ! l>ge/ v>iety1 & w sometimes lay z _m z two hundr$ eggs 9 a s+le heap4 ,sea turtles weigh+ a ?\s& p\nds h be5 caught 9 tropical l&s4 ,turtles ( five or six hundr$ p\nds weight h be5 captur$ on ! ,unit$ ,/ates coa/4 ,9 ! f\r species ( m>9e turtles1 ! feet are flat & f9-%ap$4 ,9 "o ! %ell is r lea!ry ?an horny4 ,"s ( ^! m>9e turtles are c>nivor\s1 liv+ on fi%1 mollusks1 & cru/aceans2 o!rs are /rictly veget>ian1 fe$+ only on roots & v>i\s sea-we$s4 ,! fle% ( "s ( ! sea turtles is ri* & delici\s1 & a favorite & co/ly article ( food2 b ( "s o!rs ! fle% is co>se & /rongly flavor$1 s z to be q uneatable4 ,! eggs are always sweet1 good1 & :olesome food4 ,! %ell ( ! sea turtle is a valuable article ( comm]ce1 boxes1 cases1 h&les = knives1 jewelry & o!r delicate ornam5tal ?+s be+ made f x2 x is susceptible ( a high poli%1 :i* br+s out cle>ly its ri* br[n & gold5 %ades & m>k+s4 ,next to ! m>9e turtles1 come ! fre%-wat] or riv] turtles4 ,^! eat bo? animal & vegetable food4 ,!y enjoy ly+ 9 a b$ ( mud1 _! heads lift$ above ! surface ( ! /agnant wat]1 _! long necks mov+ snake-l to & fro z !y take m\?fuls ( air4 ,! fre%-wat] turtles are g5]ally greg>i\s 9 _! habits1 l>ge numb]s ( !m be+ f\nd toge!r4 ,!y are fond ( ly+ 9 ! sun on logs or banks1 ne> ! wat]1 into :i* !y promptly slide at ! fir/ h9t ( dang]4 ,!y are timid creatures1 b if caught w snap & bite furi\sly4 ,salt & fre% wat] t]rap9s are a v>iety ( turtle4 ,"s sci5ti/s di/+ui% ! turtle f ! tortoise ?us3 ! turtle is a m>9e animal1 does n hib]nate1 _c draw its head & feet inside its %ell4 ,! tortoise nev] goes to sea2 c draw itself entirely )9 its %ell1 ?\gh only ! box tortoise c close ! %ell fa/ :5 s )drawn1 & f9ally1 ! tortoise hib]nates4 ,"s ( ! be/ & late/ writ]s on ! subject call all ^! animals turtles1 giv+ ! "n tortoise to ! box tortoise ( ! wood4 ,clumsy z turtles appe> 9 _! box-l cov]+1 !y c walk rapidly on l&1 are climb]s ( "s di/9ction1 & all ( !m c swim4 ,! head1 neck1 & legs ( a turtle are ( a uni=m color1--bronze1 blacki% gre51 or deep br[n4 ,! %ells or boxes are beautifully m>k$1 glossy1 ribb$1 ridg$1 or c>v$1 & made up ( closely unit$ _m-sid$ plates1 fitt$ ^u a ?ick5$1 light]-color$1 uni=m plate4 ,?is %ell is n brittle & lime-l1 z ! %ells ( mollusks1 b is m l horn4 ,9 g5]al1 ! %ell or flat cov]+ ( ! "u "p ( ! body is ( a light] color ?an ! upp] case1 be+ light br[n1 yell[1 or cream color1 ) yell[ l9es divid+ ! plates1 & bord]+ b&s ( r$1 yell[1 or purple4 ,! upp] %ell is usually ( a v d>k color1 m>k$ & l9$ ) d>k] & light] t9ts1 & (t5 ) a bevell$ yell[ edge4 ,! pa9t$ turtle receives its "n f ! beauty ( its _m-color$ %ell4 ,! spott$ turtle1 (t5 call$ ! wood turtle1 is di/+ui%$ by f9e yell[ spots spr9kl$ ov] its black back4 ,! turtle :i* ,i saw fea/+ on ! fungus 0 ! common box tortoise4 ,?is box tortoise pref]s dry woods1 & dislikes ! wat]4 ,x is a long-liv$ creature4 ,"s specim5s h be5 kn[n to live ov] a hundr$ ye>s4 ,a box tortoise t ,i _h1 ate meat1 insects1 & bread & milk f my h&1 b if ,i put b]ries 9 its m\? x wip$ !m out ) its front foot us$ h&-wise1 9 a v funny way4 ,:5 x want$ to get away f ! balcony1 x crawl$ along ! edge look+ ov]1 its neck out/ret*$2 :5 x seem$ to decide to g ov] x sudd5ly drew itself close into its %ell1 & mak+ "s quick j]k :ile q %ut up1 ov] x w5t1 came d[n safe 9 ! grass1 & walk$ away4 ,i wat*$ x d t _m times & 0 nev] q sure h[ x flung itself 8ov]bo>d0 aft] x 0 safely %ut up4 ,! snapp+ turtle is a common v>iety4 ,x has a box or %ell too small to close ov] x & hide x completely4 ,to make up = ?is lack1 x has a bold & ha/y temp]1 & snaps vigor\sly :5 di/urb$4 ,! goph] is ! turtle ( ! s\!rn p9e c\ntries4 ,x is a l>ge1 /rong animal1 ) a %ell fifte5 in*es long4 ,^! goph] turtles live 9 troops1 a numb] ( families digg+ _! d5s or burr[s ne> toge!r4 ,! entrance to ! d5 is ab\t f\r feet long & exp&s into a spaci\s room4 ,9 ea* burr[ lives a s+le pair ( goph]s4 ,goph]s' eggs are z l>ge z pigeons' eggs1 & ! eggs & fle% are priz$ by ! negroes z food4 ,by day goph]s /ay at home1 by night !y w&] out & dev\r yams1 melons1 corn1 & o!r g>d5 produce4 ,!y dislike wet1 & g indoors :5 x ra9s4 ,a ne> relative ( ! goph] is f\nd 9 ,europe1 & is (t5 kept ab\t ! h\se = a pet4 ,if x c f9d its way into a g>d5 9 ! autumn x digs a hole & hib]nates1 com+ =? 9 ! spr+4 ,a fri5d ( m9e 9 ,london _h "o ( ^! animals :i* liv$ 9 ! kit*54 ,x 0 fond ( creep+ into ! fire-place & gett+ "u ! grate1 :]e x w\ld lie until ! hot coals & a%es dropp$ ^u its back & burnt its %ell4 ,:5 w9t] came ?is little animal want$ to take its long sleep1 & dug s p]si/5tly into boxes1 baskets1 draw]s1 & closets t f9ally a box ( e>? 0 giv5 to x1 into :i* x work$ its way until out ( sight1 & !re /ay$ until ,april4 ,x ate potatoes1 c>rots1 turnips1 & bread & milk1 :i* x specially lik$4 ,,footnotes3 #ge ,! h>pies1 we are told1 fright5$ neas by say+ he w\ld be s hungry t he w\ld eat 8 plate4 ,b z ! ,trojans at "o ( _! meals us$ big cakes ( bread = plates1 ! prophecy 0 h>mlessly fulfill$4 ,,lesson ,,xlii4 ,a ,,real ,,live ,,m]maid4 8,! wat]s pu%$1 ! wat]s swell$1 ,a fi%] sat ne> by1 ,& e>ne/ly 8 l9e he held1 ,) tranquil he>t & eye2 ,& :ile he sits & wat*es !re ,he sees ! waves divide1 ,& lo6 a maid ) gli/5+ hair ,spr+s f ! tr\bl$ tide40 --,,goe!1 ,trans4 ,:5 ,i 0 a *ild ,i 0 greatly fasc9at$ ) tales ( m]maids1 fabul\s damsels :o liv$ 9 ! ocean4 ,!y _h beautiful faces & arms1 & long1 pale gre5 hair1 :i* !y comb$ ) gold5 combs1 & deck$ ) sea-we$s & pe>ls4 ,!y swa9 l fi%1 & sang mo/ sweetly4 ,:5 ,i le>n$ t m]maids 7 only creatures ( fancy1 & did n really exi/1 ,i felt z if ,i _h be5 robb$ ( fri5ds4 ,a few ye>s lat] a bronz$1 wr9kl$ old fi%]man re/or$ to me my m]maids z real creatures1 ev5 m int]e/+ ?an ! sea maids ( my?4 ,& s !re is a real live m]maid6 ,:]e %all we f9d h]8 ,my old sailor said he fir/ met h] "s miles out at sea1 9 ! latitude ( ,florida4 ,%e 0 swimm+ along at ease1 h] head held above wat]1 & %e c>ri$ on h] arm h] baby1 ^: head %e /uck up above ! waves4 ,0 %e beautiful8 ,_h %e l>ge1 lovely eyes8 ,no2 h] face 0 some?+ l t ( a c[1 b in/ead ( ! l>ge black eyes ( a c[1 %e _h t9y eyes1 small] ?an ^? ( a pig4 ,b 7 n h] arms beautiful8 ,no2 h] arms 7 flat1 %ort1 some:at ( an oval %ape2 9 fact1 !y 7 flipp]s r ?an arms1 ?\gh %e _h free use ( ! elb[1 %\ld]1 & wri/ jo9ts4 ,%e _h no h&s1 no f+]s1 b at ! end ( ea* flipp] 7 ?ree small1 flat nails4 ,_h %e long1 wav+ hair8 ,no2 %e _h a few co>se hairs ab\t h] face1 & a scanty cov]+ ( v f9e1 %ort hairs ov] h] body4 ,c\ld %e s+8 ,un=tunately all real m]maids are dumb4 ,f9ally1 0 %e ( a sea-gre5 color8 ,n at all2 h] sk9 0 v ?ick1 & ( a d>k gray1 f9ely wr9kl$ all ov]1 v l ! sk9 ( an elephant4 ,h] upp] lip 0 divid$ into two deep lobes1 & %e _h no l[] limbs1 b in/ead a tail1 ) a wide1 /rong f94 ,oh1 an ugly1 horrible creature6 ,by no means2 on ! contr>y1 z amiable1 mild1 g5tle1 playful1 k9dly a creature z ev] drew brea?4 ,a fi%1 ( c\rse6 ,inde$ n3 a mammal2 a mammal ( ! sea4 ,! class mammalia has ord]s ( animals t live 9 ! sea2 o!r ord]s ( creatures t live mo/ly 9 ! air1 & v _m o!r creatures t live on ! l&1 & "s t sp5d _! lives "u gr\nd4 ,any animal t suckles its "y is a mammal1 :e!r a swimm+1 fly+1 walk+1 climb+1 or burr[+ creature4 ,! sea mammals are ! :ales1 dolph9s1 porpoises1 dugongs1 & ?is m]maid4 ,our m]maid is call$ by sailors a 8sea c[0 f ! %ape ( its head & face2 a 8riv] calf0 f its size & habit ( liv+ 9 riv]s2 ! mo/ common & be/ "n = x is t giv5 x by ! e>ly ,spani% coloni/s1 ! manatee1 or h&$ animal1 because x c s skilfully use its =e limbs or flipp]s4 ,once !re 7 manatees 9 _m diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w4 ,!y 7 num]\s 9 ! ,indian ,ocean & 9 ,behr+ ,sea2 b !y h be5 s recklessly slaught]$ t n[ ! creature is ne>ly unkn[n1 except a few 9 ,africa ne> ,cape ,v]de & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope2 "s few along ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ^? t inhabit ! riv]s ( ,florida4 ,! manatee1 l ! buffalo ( ! ,we/]n pla9s1 is likely soon to be ext9ct4 ,! manatees ( ! ,ea/]n hemisph]e seem to h be5 mu* l>g] ?an ^? ( ,florida4#gf ,eight or t5 feet is ! usual l5g? ( ! ,am]ican manatee4 ,ef=ts h be5 made to raise ! animals 9 captivity1 b !y d n ?rive4 ,"o 0 kept sixte5 mon?s 9 ! aqu>ium at ,brighton1 ,engl&1 & 0 f$ on lettuce1 cabbage1 turnips1 ?i/les1 & d&elions4 ,let u n[ look at ! animal 9 its favorite home1 ! ,santa ,lucia ,riv] 9 ,florida4 ,manatees live 9 droves or h]ds1 & pref] %all[ to deep wat]4 ,:5 !y move up ! riv] !y keep well to ! c5tre ( ! /ream1 z !y are v timid4 ,!y re/ ne> to ! banks :]e !y f9d pl5ty ( grass & lily-pads to %elt] !m4 ,manatees come f ! ,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica to ! ,santa ,lucia ,riv]1 to re> _! "y among ! ?ick vegetation4 ,!y arrive e>ly 9 ,may & rema9 until late 9 ! autumn4 ,"h is our manatee2 let u take a good look at x4 ,x has a gray wr9kl$ sk92 no f9 on ! back2 a /iff1 ?ick1 %ovel-%ap$ tail1 ) a flat tail-f92 a mod]ate siz$ oval head ) small eyes2 a v small "u lip4 ,! no/rils are two slits ( a half-moon %ape2 ! e> is a little orifice1 set n f> beh9d ! eye4 ,! sight ( ! manatee is good1 b its he>+ is some?+ extraord9>y4 ,probably no o!r animal has e>s s acute4 ,if a blade ( grass or a leaf drops into ! wat] ! manatee he>s x & d>ts away1 = x is z timid z x is h>mless4 ,to ! %\ld]s ( ! manatee are atta*$ ! flipp]-l arms1 :i* x uses s readily4 ,:5 9 %all[ wat] ! creature supports itself on ! ends ( ! flipp]s & ! tail1 & ?us rais+ its body x moves sl[ly ab\t ! s&y riv] bottom4 ,its food is purely vegetable1 & x is int]e/+ to wat* x eat4 ,if y notice a cat]pill>1 or a silkworm fe$+ on a leaf1 y get a notion ( ! me?od ( ! manatee 9 eat+1 & its use ( its odd d\ble lip4 ,hold out a cabbage leaf to a manatee :i* has be5 kept 9 a tank z a pet--= ?\gh timid !y are affectionate :5 k9dly treat$2 ! g5tle bea/ ext5ds its head t[>d ! leaf1 & 9 s do+ p>ts ! lobes ( ! upp] lip1 leav+ a wide gap4 ,z soon z ! leaf is )9 ?is space1 ! lip lobes come toge!r & hold ! leaf firmly ) _! bri/ly surfaces4 ,!n ! lobes draw backw>ds1 & ! leaf is ?us pu%$ into ! m\? :]e !re are "s twelve tee? to *ew x4 ,! m]maid has 9 all tw5ty-two tee?1 b "s fall out be=e o!rs come1 s x g5]ally has twelve 9 its m\? at "o "t4 ,:ile ! manatee lives con/antly 9 ! wat]1 x brea!s air ?r\gh its no/rils into its lungs4 ,to secure air x comes to ! surface ( ! wat] once 9 e ?ree or f\r m9utes4 ,:5 x ?us rises x w bl[ l a :ale & s5d a sp\t ( spray & wat] twelve or fifte5 feet into ! air4 ,x seems to enjoy ?is bl[+2 x also enjoys roll+ itself on ! s& & f9e pebbles 9 ! bottom ( ! /ream4 ,x rolls & plunges to cleanse its sk92 x is its way ( mak+ its toilet4 ,aft] a roll ! manatee rises to ! surface1 p>ts its lip lobes1 gives a good bl[1 draws 9 all ! air x c1 & returns bel[4 ,lily pods & pads1 bananas1#gg a co>se riv] grass call$ manatee grass1 are its favorite food4 ,a l>ge manatee w eat ?ree bu%els ( lily-pods 9 a day4 ,! manatee is a /rong1 swift swimm]1 & dives ) wond]ful agility4 ,9 its favorite haunt1 ! ,santa ,lucia ,riv]1 ! m]maid's babies are born among ! lily-leaves1 & 9 t gre5 & pleasant nurs]y1 ! clean :ite s& = _! b$1 ! fragrant lilies rock+ on ! wat]1 ! butt]flies & dragon-flies d>t+ out & 9 among ! %ad[s1 & ! birds s++ & sport+ above !m1 !y live = sev]al weeks4 ,:5 !y are q small _! mo!rs c>ry !m ar\nd 9 _! flipp]s if !y seem tir$ or d n g fa/ en\gh1 b ! manatee baby c swim z soon z x is born4 ,be+ n[ v sc>ce1 ! manatee is l>gely increas$ 9 value4 ,"o fifte5 feet long w\ld co/ two or ev5 ?ree ?\s& doll>s4 ,a l>ge skeleton is wor? a ?\s& doll>s4 ,! hides & fle% h be5 s mu* s\ght aft] t ! creatures h be5 hunt$ ne>ly out ( exi/5ce4 ,=m]ly ! ,indians made light1 /rong1 & h&some canoes ( manatee sk9s4 ,! manatee is v h>d to kill2 be+ timid1 x d>ts away at ! fir/ al>m1 & its swimm+ spe$ is exce$+ly rapid if x is fright5$2 its ?ick sk91 rem>kably l>ge1 /rong bones1 & a ?ick lay] ( fat "u its sk9 protect x 9 a great measure f injury by a bullet4 ,! g5]al me?od ( secur+ ! animal is to drive x into a v l>ge1 /rong net4 ,"o side ( ! net is sunk to ! riv] bottom1 ! o!r rises to ! top ( ! wat]1 & is !n drawn ab\t ! hid+-place ( ! manatee4 ,aft] a little tra9+ x w come :5 x is call$1 w eat f "o's h&1 & likes to be pett$ & to h its head rubb$4 ,,footnotes3 #gf ,! rhyt9a & dugong are n1 z "s suppose1 manatees1 b animals closely alli$ to true manatees4 #gg ,:5 9 captivity4 ,,lesson ,,xliii4 ,,great ,,:ales ,,also4 8,s f> ,i live to ,nor?w>d ,no man lives ,nor? ( me2 ,to ! ,ea/ are wild m\nta9 *a9s1 ,& beyond !m m]es & pla9s2 ,to ! ,we/w>d1 all is sea40 --,,longfell[4 ,_m p ?9k t a :ale is a huge fi%1 ! l>ge/ ( ! fi% class4 ,?is idea is entirely wrong2 a :ale is n a fi%1 b a mammal4 ,x belongs to ! same class z ! c[1 %eep1 horse1 lion1 monkey1 & man1 because all ^! widely diff]+ creatures are born alive1 & n 9 an egg1 & :5 "y are n\ri%$ by _! mo!rs' milk4 ,! mammalian class1 di/+ui%$ 9 ?is way by suckl+ ! "y1 is divid$ into _m ord]s1 & to "o ( ^!1 ! cetacean1 or :ale ord]1 ! :ales give _! "n4 ,! :ale is ! l>ge/ ( all liv+ mammals2 x is a mammal ( ! sea1 & has a fi%-l body because its home is con/antly 9 ! wat]s4 ,a :ale is entirely helpless :5 ca/ ^u ! l&2 x is unable to move itself1 or to f9d any?+ to eat4 ,out ( wat] x w soon die1 b n because x is unable to brea! air1 z is ! case ) ! fi%es4#gh ,! :ale brea!s air ?r\gh its no/rils into lungs2 x does n h gills1 & !re=e :ile 9 ! wat] x mu/ con/antly come to ! surface = air4 ,?us ! pr9cipal motion ( ! :ale 9 ! wat] is up & d[n1 com+ to ! surface1 & !n seek+ ! dep?s4 ,to aid x 9 ?is motion ! :ale's tail exp&s sidewise or horizontally1 & n up & d[n or v]tically1 z d ! tails ( mo/ fi%es :i* *iefly swim /raight =w>d1 or 9 l>ge curves4 ,let u look at a :ale4 ,its body is cone-%ap$2 ! head is v l>ge1 sometimes "o-?ird ( ! animal's entire l5g?2 !re is no not* ( ! body to m>k ! neck2#gi ! body tap]s to ! tail1 :i* is widely exp&$ on ea* side into :at are call$ flukes1 & ?us becomes a v /rong propell]4 ,j beh9d ! head we f9d a pair ( =e limbs1 call$ paddles or flipp]s4 ,^! are flat & oval1 & h ext]nally no m>ks ( jo9ts1 f+]s1 or nails4 ,b if y exam9e ! skeleton ( a :ale1 y w f9d t ?is limb is divid$ into arm & h& bones1 v mu* l ^? ( y\r own arms & f+]s4 ,!re are no ext]nal signs ( h9d limbs1 b 9 "s k9ds ( :ales we f9d 9 ! skeletons "s small1 s(t bones l a h9t ( legs4 ,! sk9 ( ! :ale is smoo?1 ( a d>k gray or black color1 & )\t hair except a few bri/les ar\nd ! m\?4 ,"u ! sk9 is spread a lay] ( sev]al in*es ( fat1 call$ blubb]4 ,?is lay] ( blubb] s]ves to keep ! :ale w>m1 & also to r5d] its huge body light1 s t x w float easily2 x also keeps x f be+ readily injur$4 ,mo/ :ales h a l[1 n>r[ f9 d[n ! c5tre ( ! back1 to aid !m 9 keep+ a prop] position 9 ! wat]4 ,let u n[ exam9e m p>ticul>ly ! :ale's big head2 x has small eyes1 & a pair ( t9y holes = e>s4 ,^! e>s are close beh9d ! eyes1 b ! no/rils are usually plac$ on top ( ! head4 ,9 ne>ly all v>ieties ( :ales we f9d tee? inside ! l>ge m\?4 ,9 "o v important species !re are no tee?1 b in/ead1 we f9d a l>ge numb] ( horny plates4 ,! :ale's m\? op5s v wide1 & ! lips are /iff & immovable1 n s(t & flexible l our own4 ,mo/ p h read ( ! bl[+ or sp\t+ ( ! :ale1 :5 x s5ds a d\ble /ream ( wat] f its no/rils up into ! air4 ,! g5]al idea is t ! :ale takes ?is wat] 9 at ! m\?1 & !n spurts x up into ! air ?r\gh ! no/rils1 z a matt] ( amusem5t4 ,?is is n true4 ,:5 a :ale comes to ! surface he takes 9 a l>ge am\nt ( air1 & returns bel[2 mo/ ( ?is air becomes *ang$ to /eam or vapor1 z ! animal rema9s bel[ = "s "t4 ,!n ! :ale comes up = m air1 & ! fir/ ?+ is to free 8 lungs ( ! heat$1 vaporiz$ air t is already 9 !m4 ,! animal drives ?is air viol5tly f its lungs ?r\gh ! no/rils1 & ris+ into ! cold atmosph]e x is at once *ang$ to spray by cond5sation4 ,! :ale frequ5tly beg9s to bl[ be=e x rea*es ! top ( ! wat]1 & s drives surface-wat] up ) ! vapor :i* x expels f its lungs4 ,fi%es1 we "k1 h v little r$ blood2 reptiles are cold-blood$ animals2 b :ales h pl5ty ( w>m1 r$ blood4 ,!y are v /rong & active creatures 9 spite ( _! unwieldy size4 ,! lightness af=d$ by _! blubb]1 or %ea? ( fat1 & ! l>ge am\nt ( air !y c conta9 9 _! great lungs1 & ! /r5g? ( ! tail ) its wide flukes1#hj enable !m to da% ?r\gh ! wat] ) amaz+ swiftness4 ,mo/ ( ! 8true :ales0 are fle%-eat]s1 ) v fi]ce appetites4 ,!y dev\r fi%es1 mollusks1 cru/aceans1 & ev5 seals or o!r :ales4 ,!y ne$ enorm\s quantities ( food to support su* l>ge bodies1 = a ,gre5l& sp]m :ale is sometimes sev5ty feet long1 & f tw5ty to ?irty feet ?ick ?r\gh ! %\ld]s4 ,to secure ! ne$$ am\nt ( food1 ! va/ m\? op5s wide4 ,9 "s :ales a man c /& upright betwe5 ! ext5d$ jaws4 ,9 ! 8"r :ale10 :i* has no tee?1 ! m\? is l9$ along ! upp] jaw ) long1 n>r[ plates or flakes call$ bale51 ( :i* :alebone is made4 ,e piece ( :alebone is a /rip ( ?is bale51 f )9 ! m\? ( a "r :ale1 & e su* piece has a wond]ful hi/ory beh9d x1 = x has be5 float+1 p]haps = _m ye>s1 ?r\gh ! cold ,arctic seas4 ,x c\ld tell u r>e tales if x c\ld speak4 ,^! plates ( bale5 are sometimes sev5 y>ds long1 & ! m\? ( "o :ale has ab\t sev5 hundr$ plates4 ,! *ief food ( ?is "r1 or :alebone :ale1 consi/s ( v small br[n cru/aceans1 "o ( ! num]\s crab family4 ,^! creatures are s abundant 9 ! nor!rn seas t !y lie 9 banks _m leagues long & sev]al feet ?ick4 ,! :ale fe$s on ^! b$s ( liv+ animals1 z a c[ br[ses on grass or hay4 ,:ales are mild & in(f5sive 9 disposition1 unless greatly irritat$ by w\nds & attack4 ,!y seldom qu>rel among !mselves1 b are playful & affectionate1 :ile ! "m %[s int5se fondness = h] "y4 ,:ales are social animals1 & g 9 h]ds1 or gr\ps2 "o is seldom f\nd alone4 ,9 ! spr+ ! :ales pair1 & move (f toge!r to f9d "s place :]e !y may re> _! "y4 ,z !y travel toge!r !y seem v lively & happy2 !y /op to fe$1 & indulge 9 frolics1 leap+ out ( ! wat]1 tumbl+ ov] & ov] ea* o!r1 turn+ som]saults1 & /riv+ to %[ :at !y c d4 ,z !y come to inlets or deep1 quiet bays1 :i* may af=d !m a safe home1 ! male :ale goes to explore _! fitness1 or to see if ! spot is already tak5 by "s o!r c\ple4 ,?is is ! spr+ h\se-hunt+ ( ?is fam\s family1 & :ile ,mr4 ,:ale ent]s to make inquiries1 ,mrs4 ,:ale waits outside4 ,f9ally1 an abode is select$1 & "h ! "m rema9s1 until 9 autumn1 "o1 or at mo/ two1 little baby :ales are born4 ,comp>$ ) _! big "m !y are small1 b comp>$ ) human *ildr5 !y are giants4 ,to h] little ones ! "m :ale gives devot$ att5tion4 ,%e suckles !m = ab\t two mon?s1 at ! end ( :i* "t !y are able to fe$ on cru/aceans & small fi%4 ,!n ! "m sets (f ) h] family to complete _! education by tak+ !m abroad 9 ! wat]-_w4 ,! baby :ales c swim z soon z !y are born1 b n s fa/ z _! big "m1 & %e c>efully accommodates h] pace to !irs4 ,if dang] ?reat5s1 %e places h]self betwe5 x & h] *ild1 & ha/5s ! little "o's flight by press+ aga9/ x1 & s %ov+ x ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,if !re is ne$ to g /ill fa/]1 %e sometimes grasps ! "y "o betwe5 h] flipp]s & h] neck1 & s swims ) all h] might1 c>ry+ ! little "o (f4 ,if attack$1 %e w sacrifice h] life r ?an ab&on h] baby4 ,:5 ! baby :ale is attack$1 ! usually mild "m %[s great fury4 ,a male :ale also w def5d 8 mate if %e is attack$1 swimm+ r\nd & r\nd h]1 bl[+1 la%+ ! waves ) 8 p[]ful tail1 & try+ to ov]turn boats ) 8 mighty head2 he w die r ?an des]t h]4 ,su* noble1 loyal qualities %[n by ^! animals deep5 our regret t ?r\gh promiscu\s slaught]1 !y are rapidly dim9i%+ 9 numb]s1 & are likely to disappe> f ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,%>ks1 n>:als1 & :ite be>s are enemies ( ! :ale1 b none ( ^! brute hunt]s are z reckless & de/ructive 9 _! w>f>e z m54 ,! sp]m :ale is m ne>ly alli$ to ! porpoise ?an to ! "r :ale4 ,f ! sp]m :ale1 oil1 ivory1 amb]gris1 & sp]maceti are obta9$1 b no :alebone4 ,! sp]maceti1 f :i* ?is :ale d]ives its "n1 is f\nd 9 a ci/]n-l res]voir ov] two y>ds deep1 plac$ ne> ! bra9 cavity at ! back ( ! :ale's head4 ,?is res]voir conta9s _m gallons ( sp]maceti4 ,dolph9s1 n>:als1 & rorquals1 all belong to ! :ale family4 ,! rorquals h l>g] f9s ?an ! o!r :ales4 ,! blue :ale is ! l>ge/ ( all ! family4#ha ,! humpback$ :ale is %ort] & ?ick] ?an ! o!r v>ieties1 has a que]ly %ap$ back f91 & l>ge flipp]s4 ,,footnotes3 #gh ,see ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #bdc-d4 #gi ,neck or nick1 or not*4 ,notice etymology4 #hj ,a fluke is ei!r half ( ! tail ( a cetacean1 s call$ f ! resemblance ( ! tail to an an*or1 z ! tee? ( an an*or are call$ flukes4 #ha ,?is ,balnopt]a sibbaldii gets its common "n f its blui% gray color2 x is suppos$ to be ! l>ge/ ( liv+ animals4 ,,lesson ,,xliv4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,seal-,,sk9 ,,coat4 8,& !re we hunt$ ! walrus1 ,! n>:al & ! seal4 ,ha6 'twas a noble game6 ,& l ! lightn+'s flame1 ,flew our h>poons ( /eel40 --,h4 ,w4 ,,longfell[1 9 ,! ,discov]] ( ! ,nor? ,cape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g>m5ts ,,( ,,price4 ,! ,arabian leg5ds tell u ( a magical c>pet1 ^u :i* "o c seat himself1 & !n1 wi%+ to be 9 a c]ta9 place1 ! c>pet rises into ! air1 & safely & swiftly c>ries him :]e he w\ld be4 ,:5 ,ca!r9e %[$ to me a co/ly seal-sk9 coat1 h] ,*ri/mas gift1 ,i propos$ to h] t we %\ld use x z a magic c>pet1 & fly+ to ! home ( ! fur seal1 %\ld trace ! coat ?r\gh all ! *anges ( its hi/ory4 8,let u g at once60 cri$ ,ca!r9e4 8,if we g n[10 ,i said1 8n a seal %all we behold1 = !y are n[ f> (f at sea4 ,x w be useless to make our trip be=e ! fifte5? ( ,may40 ,on ! fifte5? ( ,may1 accord+ly1 ,ca!r9e & ,i spread out ! seal-sk9 coat & began our j\rney4 ,we w5t nor?we/1 cross$ ! high ,rockies1 left beh9d u ! new ,/ate ( ,wa%+ton1 mov$ /ill we/ by nor?1 & f9ally arriv$ at ?ree small isl&s 9 ,b]+ ,sea1 call$ ! ,pribylov ,isl&s1 f a ,russian :o discov]$ !m 9 #aghf4 8,our =tune is good10 said ,i to ,ca!r9e2 8?is is j su* wea!r z seals l4 ,!y delight 9 cool1 moi/1 foggy days1 s t ! sun is obscur$1 & ca/s no %ad[s4 ,?is is ! usual wea!r on ! ,pribylov ,isl&s1 :]e ! sun %9es cle>ly b few days 9 ! ye>4 ,seals sp5d ab\t eight mon?s 9 ! wat]1 & f\r mon?s *iefly on ! l&4 ,:5 !y l& !y *oose a dry locality ( h>d s& & pebbles1 %elv+ t[>d ! sea1 s t no wat] or slime %all be left on ! gr\nd1 = if _! fur becomes matt$ ) mud x falls out at once40 8,"h we are at ,/4 ,paul's ,isl&2 date1 ,may eighte5?2 day1 mild & hazy4 ,we /& on a l$ge ( rock1 & to ! left ( u we see five or six giant seals walk+4 ,!y come up on ! rocky bea* & calmly take _! places on l>ge rocks & sit look+ seaw>ds2 !y are wat*+ = _! mates1 fri5ds1 & neighbors to arrive4 ,we ne$ n fe> to approa* !m2 unless attack$1 ev5 ! l>ge/ seal is entirely g5tle4 ,8 eyesight is good1 b only = mod]ate di/ances1 b 8 s5se ( smell is z ke5 z ! he>+ ( a manatee4 ,if we keep on ! side to :i* ! w9d is bl[+1 s t he _c detect u by 8 s5se ( smell1 we may approa* close to him4 8,look at him n[4 ,he is sev5 feet long1 & weighs f\r hundr$ p\nds4 ,he has a small1 r\nd head1 ! skull bones are ?9 & light1 & ! bra9 fills almo/ ! entire skull cavity1 = ! seal is a highly organiz$ & v intellig5t animal4 ,! eyes are l>ge1 ( a blui% hazel1 & v beautiful2 ! nose is l t ( a ,newf\ndl& dog1 b ! m\? has n loose sk9 l ! dog's m\?1 b firm1 well-outl9$1 human-l lips4 8,op5 ! m\? & !re are l>ge1 %>p1 dog-l tee?4 ,a gray m\/a*e ornam5ts ! upp] lip1 outdo+ ,victor ,emmanuel's 9 l5g?1 & sweep+ d[n ^u ! brea/4 ,at ! back ( ! r\nd head are two small1 po9t$1 droop+ e>s4 ,! neck & %\ld]s are v l>ge & heavy2 ! tail is m]ely an apology = a tail1 be+ b f\r in*es long4 ,! seal has f\r limbs or flipp]s4 ,! front flipp]s are hairless1 blue black1 t5 in*es broad at ! body1 eighte5 in*es long1 & tap] to a po9t4 ,!re are no f+]s1 & ! arm & ! =e>m are embrac$ 9 ! body1 & hidd5 "u ! sk9 & blubb]4 ,9 fact1 ! flipp]s are only h&s1 ! arm "p rema9+ enclos$ 9 ! cov]+ ( ! *e/4 ,^! =e flipp]s are us$ z feet1 ! seal /epp+ on !m ) alt]nate up & d[n movem5ts1 & c>ry+ 8 head ?ree feet f ! gr\nd1 9 an erect & graceful attitude4 8,! h9d flipp]s are v odd4 ,!y are mu* long] ?an ! front ones1 light1 sl5d]1 & ribbon-l2 !y look l a pair ( empty1 wr9kl$1 black kid gloves4 ,!y are tw5ty-two in*es long1 & at a little di/ance f ! ends h ea* ?ree /rong nails4 ,! heels are horny & project+1 & on !m ! seal re/s ! h9d] "p ( ! body1 = ! upp] "p ( ^! h9d flipp]s1 bones1 & jo9ts are embrac$ 9 ! body1 z are ! =e limbs4 ,at e o!r /ep ! seal pauses & gives 8 h9d flipp]s a sidewise fl+1 z if to keep !m out ( h>m's way4 8,hav+ sl[ly walk$ up ! bea*1 ?is seal1 :o is an adult male1 seats himself & surveys ! ocean1 8 front flipp]s hang idly d[n1 b he fans himself 9 ! mo/ comical /yle ) 8 long1 ribbon-l1 h9d flipp]s4 ,he is exce$+ly fat2 "u 8 sk9 lie sev]al in*es ( blubb]1 & well x is = him t he is s provid$1 = n[ t he has come out ( ! wat]1 he w n return !re nor ta/e food or dr9k = ! next ?ree or f\r mon?s4#hb ,all ! "t t he is on l& he ma9ta9s an absolute fa/4 ,9 ! wat] 8 food is fi%es1 cru/aceans1 & squids1#hc ( :i* he eats enorm\s quantities40 8,b ! fur60 cries ,ca!r9e1 8! fur6 ,i see no?+ on ?is bea/ l my lovely1 s(t1 d>k cloak4 ,?is creature is cov]$ ) co>se gray hair40 8,/ep a little clos]1 my ,ca!r9e1 & let u exam9e into ?is important matt]4 ,! seal we>s two coats3 ! out] "o is ?is co>se1 grizzly hair1 ! inn] "o is a %ort1 close1 s(t1 ela/ic1 silky fur4 ,?is fur is d>ke/ on ! back & %\ld]s1 lighte/ on ! flanks & brea/4 ,?is adult male seal does n h t glossy nut-br[n1 or t delicate light gray or cream-color$ fur :i* belongs to "y seals1 & to ! females1 & :i* pres5tly we %all see prep>$ = y\r use4 8,^! big seals h come out ( ! wat] to make ready = spr+ h\sekeep+4 ,ea* "o selects a dry1 slop+ place :i* w suit ! mo!rs & _! little ones1 & ?is home he is prep>$ to def5d aga9/ all intrud]s4 ,ab\t ! fifte5? ( ,june ! "m seals beg9 to come out ( ! wat]4 ,!y are oblig$ to come out & nurse _! little ones on l&1 z ev5 a human baby w n be m helpless 9 wat]1 or dr[n m quickly ?an a baby seal4 8,z we wat* ! "m seals swimm+ t[>d l& & walk+ up ! bea*1 we %all see t !y are only ab\t "o-six? ( ! size ( ! big seals we h be5 exam9+4 ,!y are ( a mu* m sl5d] & graceful make1 h rem>kably h&some heads & necks1 & are n encumb]$ ) ! mass ( blubb] "u ! sk94 ,!y d n ne$ ! blubb]1 = !y g regul>ly into ! wat] to fe$1 & ev5 rema9 away two or ?ree days1 leav+ ! male seals to keep h\se & def5d ! *ildr54 ,meantime ^! big seals fa/ & use up _! /ore ( blubb] to ma9ta9 _! vitality4 8,! big seals meet ! mo!rs com+ up ! bea*1 & escort !m to _! homes & to com=table seats among ! rocks4 ,! "m seals sit d[n & fan !mselves ) _! flipp]s1 & croon or s+4 ,!y turn _! pretty heads artlessly f side to side1 & croon to ea* o!r4 ,no "m seal w /ay alone = a m9ute2 f six to fifty mo!rs always keep toge!r 9 "o home4 8,! big male seal has f\r di/9ct calls or notes4 ,he has a *uckl+ :i/le :]eby he conv]ses ) ! "m seals2 a l\d1 angry ro> = any o!r big seal :o m$dles ) 8 family2 a l[ gr[l1 ) :i* he talks to himself2 & a s\nd l a cat spitt+1 :5 he is al>m$4 ,"m seals h ! croon+ song = _! mates1 & a bleat l a %eep = _! little ones4 ,baby seals cry j l little lambs4 8,a "m seal seldom has m ?an "o baby or 8puppy0 at a "t4 ,^! mo!rs are exce$+ly g5tle1 pati5t creatures1 & v quiet4 ,on %ore !y fan !mselves1 croon1 & curl up = cosy naps1 b ! big seals are n]v\s & re/less1 & nev] sleep :5 a%ore m ?an a few m9utes at a "t4 8,baby seals _c swim4 ,!y make _! ba-a-a-+ cry all ! "t t !y are awake4 ,_! eyes are wide op5 at once2 !y are n bl9d at fir/1 l kitt5s & puppies1 b !y d n "k _! mo!rs f any o!r seals4 ,! "m seals "k _! own *ildr5 by _! cries1 ?\gh to human e>s _! looks & cries are all exactly alike4 ,no matt] h[ f> (f ! puppy may roll1 no matt] h[ _m scores ( puppies are heap$ into a w>m1 furry ba-a-a-+ heap1 ! good little mo!rs c f9d ea* h] own4 ,p]haps ! s5se ( smell aids !m z well z ! bleat+ cry4 8,! "m seal is n a v anxi\s nurse4 ,%e pays no he$ if any "o picks up h] baby1 c>ries x (f1 or treads on x4 ,%e leaves x = two or ?ree days at a "t1 :ile %e is (f 9 ! wat] enjoy+ h]self2 meantime ! little "o sleeps & ba-a-a-s1 & does n seem to suff] f hung]4 ,:5 ! "m returns f h] excursions %e curls d[n by h] baby & gives x pl5ty ( ri* milk4 ,^! baby seals h d>k blue eyes1 b ! eyes become br[n] aft] a :ile4 ,all seals h long1 ?ick eyela%es4 8,z ! baby seals gr[ old] !y beg9 to roll ab\t ! %ore1 :i* f mu* trampl+ has be5 worn into holl[s fill$ ) tide-wat]4 ,^! holl[s are muddy & ! seal mo!rs d n wi% _! babies to get into !m4 ,! naughty little seals1 l frolicsome *ildr51 trot to ! puddles & g into !m a doz5 times a day1 & _! mo!rs pull !m out4 8,z ! little ones rea* ! age ( ?ree mon?s !y g ne>] ! wat]'s edge 9 _! rambles & v5ture 94 ,at fir/ !y _c swim1 & clamb] out1 sputt]+ & spitt+ & cry+ ba-a-a at ! top ( _! lungs4 ,/ill1 aft] a little nap1 !y g back & try x aga9 & aga91 & 9 a few days !y "k h[ to swim2 b !y are a full ye> old be=e !y "k h[ to dive1 swim1 fi%1 roll1 & sleep 9 ! wat]1 z well z ! adults4 8,9 swimm+ ! seal c>ries 8 long h9d flipp]s /ret*$ backw>ds to s]ve z a rudd]1 & uses ! =e flipp]s = propulsion4 ,:5 ! little ones c swim !y are wean$1 & !y betake !mselves to ! wat] to /ay1 & are able to cat* squids & cru/aceans = !mselves4 ,!y are ?ree or f\r mon?s old :5 !y ?us g to ! wat] to f9d a home1 & !y d n come back = two ye>s4 ,a seal c sleep z com=tably on ! wat] z on %ore4 ,to sleep x turns on its back1 holds its nose & feet above ! surface1 & takes a pr(\nd nap1 g5tly rock$ by ! waves4 8,:ile ! "y seals are on %ore ! big seals def5d !m & take c>e ( !m s long z !y keep at home4 ,if !y w&] away1 ev5 ?\gh !y d n g out ( sight1 !y pay no att5tion to !m4 8,by ! middle ( ,septemb] ! homes are brok5 up & ! seals return to ! wat] to rema9 until ,may or ,june4 ,n[1 my ,ca!r9e1 t we h ?us obs]v$ ! seals 9 g5]al1 let u look aft] ! mak+ ( y\r coat4 ,! fur came nei!r f a big male seal1 a baby seal1 nor a "m seal4 ,!n f :at seal did x come8 8,let u1 on a ,july day1 turn our eyes f ! cr[d$ rook]ies1 or seal homes on ! rocks1 & at "s di/ance (f on ! %ore we %all see ?\s&s ( o!r seals :i* ! ,indians call #8ba*elors4' ,^! are seals f two to six ye>s old1 "y males fre% f ! wat]1 b n all[$ by ! big adult seals to approa* ! homes on ! rocks4 ,!y d n seem tr\bl$ by ! decree ( exile2 !y are 9 good temp] & high spirits1 & !y h v jolly times at play4 ,!y roll & tumble & gambol z d kitt5s & puppies4 ,!y lie on ! grass1 %ut _! eyes1 & roll to & fro2 !y sit & fan !mselves2 !y /ret* out & g5tly comb !mselves ) ! nails on _! h9d flipp]s2 !y take naps2 !y run races2 !y play leap-frog ov] ea* o!rs' backs1 & snort & ro> ) great hil>ity4 8,^! "y seals h ! long1 co>se ov]-hair1 less gray ?an ! big seals1 & ! s(t1 ri* "u-coat is silk5 & ( a delicate br[n color4 ,! d[n & fea!rs on a duck's brea/ are arrang$ mu* z ! hair & fur on a seal4 ,9 ,augu/ seals beg9 to %$ & r5ew _! coats3 9 ,june & ,july !y are at _! be/4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! seals f :i* ! sk9s = comm]ce are to be tak51 & 9 ,june & ,july x mu/ be done4 ,!y are s docile & g5tle t x is v easy to kill !m4 8,! seal-kill]s are ,indian natives ( ! isl&s :o und]/& _! "w4 ,a numb] ( ^! natives g to a h]d ( ba*elors1 & pass+ ar\nd !m j at daybreak #8cut out' f "o to two ?\s&1 j z a %eph]d #8cuts out' a drove ( %eep f a great flock4 ,surr\nd+ & g5tly driv+ !m1 !y turn !m to ! slaught]-h\ses4 ,seals walk easily & quickly1 & !y g z !y are driv5 ) ! docility ( %eep4 ,arriv$ at ! h\ses1 !y are all[$ to lie d[n & re/ & cool = half an h\r4 8,!n an exp]t man goes out ) sev]al o!rs arm$ ) clubs4 ,! exp]t po9ts to diff]5t seals & says3 #8,don't kill him1 he is too "y4' #8,don't kill t "o1 he is %$d+ 8 coat4' #8,don't kill t "o1 he is too old4' #8,let t "o g1 he is sick4' ,& s on4 ,:5 he has ?us po9t$ out ! exceptions1 ! m5 ) ! clubs lift ! clubs high & br+ d[n a cra%+ bl[ on ! skull ( ea* seal1 kill+ x in/antly4 ,z ! seal is kill$ x is dragg$ f ! gr\p1 laid on its back1 & bl$ at once4 ,if ?is is n done imm$iately ! body heats v soon & ! fur falls (f4 8,!n exp]t sk9n]s /rip (f ! sk91 mak+ cuts ar\nd ! sn\t1 tail1 & flipp]s4 ,next ! sk9s are c>ri$ to ! salt-h\se1 pil$ on ea* o!r 9 b9s1 #8fur to fat1' 9 lay]s l piles ( pap]2 salt is ?ickly /rewn on !m1 & !y are held 9 place by heavy planks4 ,9 two or ?ree weeks !y are tak5 out1 roll$ 9 bundles1 two sk9s toge!r1 cord$ tightly1 & %ipp$ to ,london to be dress$4 ,n[1 my ,ca!r9e1 we mu/ leave ! ,pribylov ,isl&s1 & g to ,london to foll[ ! =tunes ( y\r seal-sk9 coat4#hd 8,9 ! seal-sk9 dress+ e/abli%m5t ! sk9s are c>efully heat$ to loos5 ! co>se hair & n di/urb ! fur2 !n ! hair is v c>efully comb$ out1 leav+ ! s(t1 silky fur1 :i* is at once dy$ to a ri*1 ev5 br[n color4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! price ( seal-sk9 g>m5ts arises *iefly f ! great] or less labor & skill exp5d$ 9 comb+ & dye+ !m4 8,! process ( prep>+ ! sk9s is ?is3 !y are /ret*$ on frames or beams1 & ! fle% side is well scrap$2 ! sk9s are next wa%$ to remove grease1 & are !n dri$1 tack$ on frames to keep !m smoo?4 ,:5 dry !y are aga9 soak$ & well clean$ ) soap & wat]4 ,next ! sk9 is dri$ by heat1 & :ile /ill w>m ! co>se hair is comb$ out1 ! sk9 be+ kept w>m & pliable1 s t ! hairs w n break4 ,once m be+ dri$1 ! surface ( ! fur is %av$ ev5ly4 ,!n ! sk9s are made s(t by a full+ mill1 or by be+ cov]$ ) sawdu/ & !n trodd5 ^u until pliable4 8,aft] all ?is ! sk9s are exam9$1 m5d$ :]e torn1 & two sk9s are laid toge!r fur to fur1 ) pap] fa/5$ betwe54 ,9 ?is way !y are %ipp$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x requires ?ree sk9s to make y\r coat1 my ,ca!r9e2 if ! /yle dem&$ v long coats x w\ld require five4 ,be+ safely at ! furri]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! sk9s are cut into coats & muffs & coll>s ( ! late/ fa%ion1 beautifully l9$ ) quilt$ silk1 & y1 my ,ca!r9e1 walk =? defiant ( ! cold1 clad 9 ! s(t1 w>m g>m5ts :i* a ye> ago 7 swimm+1 roll+1 plung+1 fe$+1 sleep+ 9 ,b]+ ,sea40 ,,footnotes3 #hb ,see ,u4 ,s4 ,govt4 ,reports ( ! ,pribylov ,fi%]ies4 #hc ,a k9d ( cuttle-fi%4 #hd ,_m seal sk9s are also dress$ & dy$ 9 ,g]many4 ,,lesson ,,xlv4 ,a ,,fly+ ,,mammal4 8,sil5t !y re/ 9 solemn salvatory1 ,seal$ f ! mo? & ! owl & ! flitt]-m\se40 --,,jean ,,+el[4 ,we h be5 /udy+ toge!r ^! wond]ful creatures1 ! manatee1 ! :ale1 & ! seal4 ,^! are n ! only mammals t live 9 ! sea2 ! sea-lion1 porpoise1 dolph91 & o!rs are also sea-mammals4 ,9 a book l ?is we _c discuss all ! animals ( any l>ge ord]1 & n[ we turn f ^! huge citiz5s ( ! sea1 to le>n some?+ ab\t a small b equally curi\s fly+ mammal1 a citiz5 ( ! air1--! bat4 ,x is a little bea/1 univ]sally dislik$1 ev5 fe>$2 let u hope to cle> away "s ( ! fooli% notions :i* surr\nd x1 & place x :]e x belongs1 among h>mless & int]e/+ animals4 ,"o ev5+ la/ summ]1 z we sat on ! v]&a1 a d>k1 w+$ creature ) an unc]ta91 zigzag flight swept above u4 8,oh6 ,oh6 ! horrible ?+10 scream$ ,mabel1 putt+ h] h&s to h] head2 8he w get tangl$ up 9 my hair4 ,bats always d t40 8,mabel10 ,i said1 8,i don't ?9k y ev] saw a p]son 9 ^: hair a bat _h become tangl$4 ,i nev] did4 ,x w\ld be z unusual an incid5t z to f9d t a toad _h hopp$ into y\r pocket40 ,a few m9utes aft] we saw 9 ! moonlight1 on ! gravel walk1 a small1 d>k object1 mov+ 9 ! mo/ clumsy1 hobbl+ fa%ion4 8,x is t bat10 %\t$ ,rex4 8,:]e is a /ick8 ,let me kill him40 8,let him be10 ,i said4 8,i c tell y "s v delightful ?+s ab\t him40 ,9 fact1 ,i told ,rex su* wond]s t he became int]e/$ 9 bats1 & happ5+ ! next day to f9d a "y1 half-gr[n bat 9 ! smoke-h\se1 he conclud$ to take x to s*ool1 to ask = fur!r in=mation f 8 tea*]4 ,to d ?is1 he put x 9 a pa/ebo>d box1 ) ! cov] left p>tly (f to give ! creature air4 ,! little bat cri$1 & ! "m bat came fly+ 9 ha/e to h] *ild4 ,z %e c\ld n get into ! box to h] baby1 %e clung to ! outside ) h] head to ! op5+1 mak+ little enc\rag+ squeaks2 & ?us ,rex actually c>ri$ bo? bats to s*ool4 ,! tea*] put !m into a small cage1 & f$ !m bread1 milk1 & sug> = sev]al days2 !n "o ev5+ !y 7 set free4 ,n[ let u see :at ,rex le>n$ ab\t bats4 ,! bat has a numb] ( names2 ! ,engli% peasants call x a 8flitt]-m\se10 f its j]ky1 unev5 flight4 ,! ,g]mans & ,dut* give x ! same "n2 ! ,sw$es call x a 8lea!r-m\se10 f its p>*m5t-l w+s2 ,goldsmi? us$ to call x 8a m\se ) w+s40 ,! bat is a f\r-legg$1 hairy creature1 ) tee? set 9 sockets 9 ! jaws2 x suckles its "y2 9 addition to ^! *>act]i/ics ( a mammal1 x has w+s & truly flies4 ,7 x n = ! w+s x w\ld h be5 put 9 ! ord] ( insect-eat]s1 b its w+s h secur$ = x an ord] = itself4 ,! "n ( ?is ord] is ! 8w+-h&$10 or 8h& w+$10 & to x belong ! bats1 vampires1 & fly+ foxes1 all ( !m truly bats1 "u v>i$ names4 ,! lemurs1 fly+ squirrels1 & a few o!r animals h ext5sions ( ! sk9 mantle-wise along ! body & legs1 to be> !m up = a little 9 ! air1 z !y make long leaps2 b !y d n really fly4 ,! bat1 on ! contr>y1 has good w+s1 & flies4 ,! bat rem9ds u a little ( t w+$ reptile :i* 0 9 ! anci5t _w long be=e m5 appe>$ on ! e>?4 ,t 0 a reptile ) a l>ge1 sk9-l w+2 a bat is a mammal ) two sk9-cov]$ w+s4 ,! /ructure ( ! bat's w+ is v diff]5t f t ( a bird4#he ,! bones & muscles ( a bird's w+ are set ) /iff fea!rs1 :i* c be fold$ toge!r z a fan is furl$4 ,:5 spread !y =m an ela/ic in/rum5t = beat+ ! air1 & s5d+ ! bird =w>d1 upw>d1 d[nw>d1 :]ev] x may *oose to direct its flight4 ,! body & head ( ! common bat are v l ^? ( a m\se2 x has bright black eyes1 a m\? full ( t9y :ite tee?1 a cov]+ ( gray or r$di% hair ov] all its body4 ,a m\se has a long1 scaly tail2 a bat has a v %ort tail2 ! e>s ( a m\se are small & po9t$2 ! bat's e>s are l>ge4 ,! no/rils h a fold or ruffle ( sk9 ab\t !m1 :i* is suppos$ to improve ! s5se ( smell4 ,! =e legs1 or r ! arms1 are v wond]ful4 ,if we _h ! skeleton ( a bat we %\ld see t ! bones ( ! arm & =e>m are long & sl5d]1 & in/ead ( two bones 9 ! l[] "p or =e>m1 !re is b "o :i* repres5ts ! small] bone 9 ! human arm4 ,! bat's h& has five di/9ct f+]s4 ,! fir/ ( !m1 ! ?umb1 is %ort1 b ! o!r f\r are v long1 mu* long] ?an all ! re/ ( ! bat1 & !y are also v slim4 ,^u ^! f+]s1 z ^u a frame1 ! ?91 lea!r-l d\ble membrane ( ! w+ is /ret*$ on ea* side ( ! ext5d$ h&1 enclos+ ! f+]-bones1 ?us ! two arms h become a pair ( w+s4 ,?is membrane is ext5d$ f ! f+]s to ! sides ( ! body1 !n passes back to ! h9d legs1 & cov]s !m up to ! ankles1 & s r\nd enclos+ ! little tail4 ,?us ! bat has an enorm\s spread ( w+ = its size4 ,! long =ef+] ( ! h& ext5ds to ! tip ( ! w+1 & ! middle f+] runs close to x1 mak+ ?is "p ( ! w+ /rong4 ,:5 ! bat closes its w+s ! bony frame %uts toge!r l ! wires ( an umbrella1 & ! sk9 hangs 9 folds z ! cov]+ ( ! umbrella hangs 9 folds betwe5 ! clos$ wires4 ,! ?umb ( ! bat's h& is left free1 & ! nail is a l>ge1 hook$ claw4 ,! flight ( a bat is /rong & tireless1 b x is n 9 /raight l9es1 nor 9 easy curves or sweeps l t ( a bird2 x is re/less & flitt+1 ) %>p turns & j]ky motions4 ,:5 ! bat alights on ! gr\nd1 z x b seldom does1 x %[s itself a g5u9e quadrup$4 ,x draws its f+]s toge!r1 ?r[+ ! membrane ( ! w+ into folds1 & s ! free1 /rongly claw$ ?umb projects1 & on ?is claw1 & ! h9d feet :i* are free to ! ankles1 ! bat walks1 b z y might expect1 its gait is v awkw>d4 ,! bat is a night-fly+ creature4 ,its sight is bett] suit$ = night ?an daylight2 x pref]s twilight1 or d>k cav]ns4 ,l ! owl & ! mo? x sleeps by day1 & comes out aft] sunset4 ,z x eats insects x frequ5ts %ady places :]e insects c be f\nd2 dur+ ! day x re/s 9 cool1 d>k places :]e !re is "s r\gh surface to :i* x c cl+4 ,?us1 d>k woods1 holl[ trees1 old b>ns1 ab&on$ h\ses1 *ur* t[]s1 & caves are ! *oice haunts ( ! bat4 ,f its habit ( hid+1 its night-fly+1 its unc\? motion1 its m\se-l body & unfea!r$ w+s1 :i* are s unh&some t arti/s h copi$ !m :5 !y wi% to %[ demons1 wit*es1 dragons1 h>pies1 & evil angels ) w+s1 ! poor bat has d]iv$ its unlucky reputation1 & ! g5]al dislike ) :i* x is reg>d$4 ,9 tru?1 !re is sc>cely any creature s frail1 def5celess1 h>mless1 fri5dly1 g5tle1 & timid z a bat4 ,x has no weapons1 & its only hope ( def5ce lies 9 its quick1 erratic flight4#hf ,dur+ ! day 9 its d>k %elt]1 ! bat sleeps 9 a /range fa%ion4 ,x hangs itself up on "s project+ /one or twig1 z y w\ld hang a cloak on a peg1 or an umbrella by ! crook on ! h&le4 ,x hangs head d[n1 us+ ! l>ge hook$ claws on ! h9d-feet to cl+ by1 & que] z ! position is1 x seems to suit v well4 ,bats are social 9 nature1 & live 9 l>ge flocks or b&s4 ,a cave or t[] may h its walls q cov]$ ) !m1 hang+ close toge!r4 ,sometimes1 especially 9 w9t]1 !y cl+ "o to ! o!r 9 a curi\s1 compact mass4 ,bats hib]nate1 or sleep1 ?r\gh cold wea!r1 hid+ !mselves 9 tree-caves or o!r d>k places e>ly 9 ! autumn1 & com+ =? :5 ! spr+ is fully op5$ & has br\ght _! insect food4 ,:5 ! bat goes abroad x sp5ds all its "t 9 hunt+ = insects4 ,our common bat is a mo/ useful creature1 de/roy+ ?\s&s ( insects :i* w\ld be h>mful to our g>d5 & fruit trees4 ,9 a season1 a bat eats myriads ( gnats1 midges1 mo?s1 beetles1 cockroa*es1 crickets1 & gras%opp]s4 ,! great bat1 or noctule1#hg has a spread ( w+ ( twelve or f\rte5 in*es1 :ile its body is only ?ree in*es long4 ,its m\? c op5 ) a wide gap l t ( a swall[4 ,:5 x cat*es a beetle1 x has to hold x to its m\? by its ?umb claw :ile x eats x1 z a boy w\ld eat a pe>4 ,to br+ ! ?umb ar\nd to its m\? ! bat mu/ p>tly close ! w+2 z x does ?is x drops a foot or s2 !n x gives a /roke or two ( its w+s z x *ews ! bite x has tak51 & rises aga92 !n x takes ano!r bite ( beetle1 & s on4 ,all ! "t x is hunt+ x gives %rill squeaks or cries4 ,n only is ! free ?umb ( ! bat's h& useful = hold+ food1 b x is ( great s]vice 9 walk+1 z its me?od is to ext5d ! arm1 cat* hold ( ! gr\nd by ! claw ( "o free ?umb1 & pull itself =w>d2 !n make ! same motion ) ! o!r arm & ?umb1 ! free feet foll[+ ^! movem5ts4 ,?us x proce$s 9 a zigzag1 mov+ fir/ to "o side & !n to ! o!r4 ,al?\gh ?is is su* an awkw>d me?od ( progress ! bat c run rapidly4 ,bats are n great travell]s2 !y haunt ! same locality ye> aft] ye>4 ,! "m bat has seldom m ?an "o "y "o at a "t1 & ?is is born e>ly 9 ! spr+1 be=e ! bats beg9 to fly abroad4 ,! baby bat is small] ?an a small bean1 is bl9d & hairless4 ,! "m bat folds up a "p ( h] w+ membrane into a cradle or ne/ = ?is t9y creature2 %e seems v fond ( x1 smoo?s & bru%es x1 & keeps x w>m & clean4 ,! little creature has f ! fir/ /rong claws1 & uses !m to hold fa/ to its "m4 ,= sev]al weeks ?is little "o cl+s to its "m1 is f$ by h] milk1 & :5 %e goes out to hunt %e c>ries x along & nev] lets x fall4 ,ev5 aft] a "y bat c fly & cat* insects = itself1 x keeps ne> its "m1 & %e wat*es ov] x1 & timid z %e is by nature1 %e w die 9 its def5ce4 ,bats are f\nd 9 ne>ly all p>ts ( ! _w1 & may be divid$ accord+ to _! food into insect-eat+ & fruit-eat+ bats4 ,! insect-eat+ bats belong g5]ally to cold or mild climates1 & ! fruit-eat]s to ! tropics4 ,! fruit-eat+ bats are mu* l>g] ?an ! insect-eat]s1 & !y are de/ructive & tr\blesome1 :ile ! common bats are useful4 ,! f\r mo/ fam\s bats are ! common bat1 :i* we h describ$2 ! long-e>$ bat1 :i* has e>s s enorm\s t !y are z long z ! creature's entire body2 ! fly+-fox1 a bat ( ,india1 v lazy1 & hav+ a fox-l face4 ,fly+-foxes are f\nd 9 ,india1 ,africa1 & ! ,oceanic ,isl&s4 ,9 ,java ! fruit trees mu/ be protect$ ) bamboo nett+s1 to prev5t ! depr$ations ( ^! creatures4 ,! f\r? notable bat is ! vampire ( ,s\!rn & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,^! are v l>ge bats giv5 to blood-suck+1 & :ile _! bites & blood-suck+ d n occasion dea?1 !y are v tr\blesome to bo? m5 & bea/s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ wond]ful ?+s ab\t ! bat is its ability to guide itself 9 fly+ 9 p]fectly d>k places1 & ev5 :5 x is bl9d4 ,a bl9d bat flies j z swiftly & safely z "o ) good eyes4 ,x seems t ! s5se ( t\* is rem>kably acute1 s t ev5 )\t contact1 !y c tell :5 a solid body1 ev5 ( small size1 is ne> !m4 ,al?\gh ! bat does n seem to ne$ its sight to direct x 9 fly+1 its eyes are rem>kably ke51 z is %[n by its insect-cat*+4 ,s ! phrase 8z bl9d z a bat0 is a poor comp>ison4 ,bats c be easily tam$ & become v fri5dly1 eat+ insects f "o's h&1 com+ :5 call$1 p]*+ on an ext5d$ f+]1 & seem+ q at home 9 a room4 ,9 captivity !y eat insects1 raw meat1 sug>1 cake1 & bread soak$ 9 milk4 ,,footnotes3 #he ,comp>e ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 ,lesson #bh4 #hf ,:5 al>m$ by be+ caught & held1 bats sometimes bite1 b ! bite is n v sev]e4 #hg ,common 9 ,engl&4 ,,lesson ,,xlvi4 ,,ord] ,,out ,,( ,,confusion4 8,o1 mickle is ! p[]ful grace t lies ,9 h]bs1 plants1 /ones1 & _! true qualities1 ,= n\ght s vile t on ?is e>? do? live1 ,b to ! e>? "s special grace do? give40 --,,%akespe>e4 ,we h n[ /udi$ "s ( ! mammals ( ! sea1 & a family ( mammals :i* sp5d a l>ge "p ( _! "t on ! w+4 ,let u look next at a species :i* lives entirely und]gr\nd1--! mole4 ,9 describ+ ! mole-cricket#hh & ! 8duck-bill10 we not$ c]ta9 resemblances betwe5 ^! creatures & ! moles1 tak+ x = grant$ t moles1 be+ common & widely di/ribut$ creatures1 7 well kn[n4 ,b 9 po9t ( fact1 :at d we "k ( ! /ructure & habits ( ?is int]e/+ little animal8 ,! mole is v ne>ly z unpopul> z ! bat4 ,g>d5]s compla9 bitt]ly t ! moles de/roy _! lawns1 by rais+ long furr[s :i* di/urb ! grass1 & t !y ru9 vegetables & c]eal crops by eat+ ! roots4 ,i ?9k ! mole mu/ plead guilty to ! fir/ *>ge2 x does injure ! lawns by rais+ its unsightly furr[s1 b x does n eat roots or o!r vegetable food4 ,x sometimes draws d[n into ! gr\nd /alks ( oats1 :eat1 or b>ley1 to l9e its ne/2 x also s]ves "s long-/emm$ vegetable 9 ! same way2 x also cuts (f ! roots ( vegetables1 n[ & !n1 if x f9ds !m 9 its way z x digs its und]gr\nd gall]ies4 ,b ! food ( a mole is animal--e>?-worms1 beetles1 l>v & pup ( insects--& ?us ! mole (fsets its errors & turns ! scale ( op9ion 9 its own favor1 by be+ exce$+ly useful z a de/roy] ( insects h>mful to vegetation4 ,look+ out on my lawn "o morn+1 ,i saw t x 0 badly m>r$ by mole ridges4 ,tom1 ! g>d5]1 w5t ov] !m ) ! roll]1 b ! next day !y 7 z bad z ev]4 8,tom10 ,i said1 8y mu/ cat* t mole40 ,t aft]noon ,tom came into ! libr>y1 c>ry+ some?+ :i* look$ l a pretty fur purse1 held by a %ort cord4 8,i've caught him10 he said1 8& z y l su* ?+s1 ,i h br\ght him 9 alive40 ,s ! pretty drab purse 0 ! mole4 ,alive6 ,he did n look x4 ,al>m$ at 8 situation1 z ,tom c>ri$ him by 8 %ort1 ne>ly b>e tail1 ! little bea/ _h drawn 8 head1 h&s1 & feet closely into 8 s(t1 silky coat1 & exhibit$ only a rigid1 fur-cov]$ cyl9d]4 ,i wat*$ him a few mom5ts1 ,tom keep+ p]fectly /ill1 & pres5tly ,i saw a little r$ nose & a pair ( p9k h&s /ret*$ out f ! fur1 z if feel+ = some?+ to take hold (4 ,tom laid 8 prize on my table1 & ,i proce$$ to exam9e him1 z we %all n[ d4 ,! common mole1 :i* claims ! %ort & pretty "n ( talpa1 has a cyl9drical body ab\t six in*es long & ?ree in*es ?ick4 ,!re is no app>5t neck4 ,! head tap]s quickly (f f ! l9e ( ! %\ld]s to a little sn\t ( ! %ape ( ! tip ( a blunt lead-p5cil4 ,?is sn\t is ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* long1 flexible1 ( a deep r$1 t\gh sk94 ,"u ?is sn\t is ! m\?1 :i* is v wide & furni%$ ) tw5ty-two %>p :ite tee? on ea* jaw4 ,! two upp] & two l[] front tee? are long & lap ov]2 ! o!rs are small] & po9t$4 ,once p said t ! mole _h no eyes1 & ne$$ none1 z x liv$ 9 ! d>k und]gr\nd4 ,b x has two v small1 jet black eyes1 deeply hidd5 9 its lovely ?ick fur & cov]$ by a fold ( sk94 ,! no/rils & e>s ( ! mole are almo/ z closely hidd51 b int]nally well develop$4 ,we may say !n t ! creature has sight1 some:at limit$ & imp]fect1 b s5se ( he>+ & smell v ke54 ,we c see h[ wise x is t ^! delicate organs1 ! eyes1 e>s1 & no/rils1 %\ld be well protect$ by ! ?ick fur1 z ! mole burr[s und]gr\nd4 ,! body ( ! mole is entirely cov]$ ) s(t1 close1 ev51 f9e fur ( a deep drab or m\se color1 ne>ly black4 ,no lady dress$ 9 plu% 0 ev] m ri*ly array$ ?an ?is little burr[]4 ,! tail is %ort & scantily cov]$ ) hair2 ! legs are v %ort & /rong1 & set close to ! body4 ,! =e limbs or arms are furni%$ ) broad1 flat1 five-f+]$ h&s1 set ) ! palms turn$ outw>d1 s t z ! mole digs1 x ?r[s ! e>? to ! "r & left4 ,! palms ( ^! h&s are v s+ul>2 !y are some:at call\s1 ( a rose p9k1 & ! f+]s are webb$ up to ! /rong1 curv$ nails4 ,:5 ! animal is remov$ f ! e>? ! sn\t & palms soon become peculi>ly dry1 & ?is evid5tly causes pa9 & irritation4 ,! h9d-feet are only ab\t "o-qu>t] ! size ( ! h&s4 ,!y are webb$1 b are n s /rong1 & h m sl5d] nails4 ,! broad front feet1 or h&s1 fitt$ = digg+1 indicate ! und]gr\nd life ( ! mole2 ! webb+ ( ! h&s & feet sugge/1 :at we f9d to be true1 t ! mole is a good swimm]4 ,inde$1 x (t5 goes f ! ma9l& to isl&s 9 lakes1 riv]s1 or ponds to dig out its home4 ,wet or /ony l& does n suit ! mole1 because x _c dig its rooms & gall]ies 9 su* soil4 ,f]tile fields t h be5 cultivat$ & loos5$ by spade & pl\gh are its favorite haunts4 ,x is v wond]ful t su* a small1 s(t creature c move & di/urb s mu* e>?4 ,e mole lives alone & builds = itself an elaborate & com=table home4 ,?is h\se consi/s ( a c5tral dome1 :]e ! e>? is well pack$ & beat5 to prev5t ! p]colation ( wat]4 ,a b$ made ( leaves1 grass1 & vegetable /ems is plac$ 9 ?is room4 ,ar\nd ?is dome w9d & radiate sev5 or eight long gall]ies or tunnels1 :i* break (f & pass into ea* o!r 9 a curi\s fa%ion1 s t !re is no direct l9e ( approa* to ! dome4 ,x is evid5t t ?is labyr9? ( gall]ies is design$ to make ! dome safe f intrud]s1 & to enable ! mole to elude pursuit4 ,! "m mole has f f\r to six little ones at a litt]1 & %e has two litt]s ea* ye>1 "o 9 ,april & "o 9 ,augu/4 ,?us we see t moles multiply rapidly4 ,! "m mole is v c>eful ( h] *ildr54 ,! l>ge dom$ room is _! nurs]y1 & %e makes !m a s(t b$4 ,! little moles gr[ quickly1 & 9 a few weeks are wean$1 z !y h become able to fe$ !mselves4 ,:5 !y leave _! nurs]y ! digg+ in/9ct develops 9 !m1 & !y at once set ab\t mak+ a dome & gall]ies1 & go+ to h\sekeep+ ea* "o = itself4 ,:ile ! fur ( ! mole is exce$+ly pretty ! sk9 is s small & delicate t v little use c be made ( x1 ?\gh sometimes x is us$ = gloves1 purses1 bags1 caps1 & mitt5s4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e moles ab\nd1 m5 call$ 8mole-cat*]s0 g ab\t ) spades & traps & cat* & kill ! moles4 ,! mole is ! mo/ hungry & rav5\s 9 proportion to its size & weakness ( all mammals4 ,hung] seems to be a madness ) x4 ,moles eat snails & are v p>tial to frogs1 b oddly en\gh !y w n t\* toads4 ,a mole w eat ! dead body ( a bird1 m\se1 or small snake1 if x f9ds ^! 9 its rambles4 ,if two moles are %ut up toge!r )\t food "o w kill & dev\r ! o!r4 ,moles dr9k v freely4 ,^! creatures seldom appe> at ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,n[ & !n !y w come out ( _! gall]ies by night1 b /rong light is pa9ful to !m4 ,except = attack+ ea* o!r :5 imprison$ & v hungry1 moles are quiet & g5tle 9 disposition4 ,no creature1 h[ev]1 is h>d] to tame & keep 9 captivity1 n because ( any viol5ce or uneas9ess ( disposition1 b because ( its dislike = daylight1 & its ne$ ( d>kness1 coolness1 & ! slight moi/ure ( ! e>? bel[ ! surface4 ,a mole %ut up 9 a room or box seems seiz$ ) a t]rible homesickness = its und]gr\nd haunts1 p9es away1 & soon dies4 ,x has be5 /at$ t a mole w die if left )\t food = t5 or twelve h\rs1 & t moles eat only animal food1 refus+ all vegetable sub/ances4 ,?\gh individual moles may h be5 f\nd ( :i* ?is is true1 ! /atem5ts are incorrect z appli$ to all moles4 ,! mole :i* ,tom br\ght me1 ,i put into a ?ick pa/ebo>d box ) "s air-holes cut 9 ! cov]4 ,i put 9 ! box a little flat pan ( wat]1 & ,tom insi/$ ^u giv+ ! animal "s gra9s ( corn & :eat4 ,! mole did n t\* ^! gra9s1 b drank "s wat]4 ,aft] x _h fa/$ sixte5 h\rs1 ,i gave x boil$ rice1 :i* x refus$4 ,9 two h\rs m ,i gave x bread soak$ 9 milk1 & ( t x ate a little4 ,aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( captivity1 ,i gave x crack$ oats1 uncook$1 b soak$ 9 milk4 ,?is x ate he>tily4 ,aft] x _h be5 ?irty-six h\rs 9 ! box1 ,i let x out 9 ! room1 & x at once ran ab\t look+ = "s place to dig4 ,i ?rew a l>ge wooll5 mitt5 on ! floor1 & t x soon f\nd1 crept into x1 ?ru/ its head into ! ?umb1 & rema9$ quiet = "s h\rs4 ,i kept x = sev]al days1 dur+ :i* "t x drank wat]1 ate oats soak$ 9 milk1 & also took a little raw meat4 ,x pull$ & tore at ! c>pet & uphol/]y1 seek+ = places to burr[1 b rema9$ = ! mo/ ( ! "t 9 ! mitt54 ,a mole's skeleton is a nice curiosity = a museum1 & is easily prep>$4 ,a mole c be quickly & pa9lessly kill$ by a %>p bl[ j back ( ! head4 ,aft] x is sk9n$1 lay ! c>cass ne> a l>ge hill ( ants1 or at ! edge ( a pond1 :]e !re are pl5ty ( tadpoles1 & soon only ! clean :ite skeleton w rema94 ,wa% ?is 9 hot wat] & ammonia1 & dry x 9 ! sun2 !n m\nt x c>efully on a little bo>d cov]$ ) black1 :i* w set ! small :ite bones 9 good relief4 ,^! /udies ( swimm+1 fly+1 & burr[+ mammals sugge/ to u ! div]sity :i* exi/s 9 ! great class ( mammalian animals4 ,on ! gr\nd1 & "u ! gr\nd1 9 ! wat]1 9 ! air1 on ! trees1 we f9d ! mammals1 & at fir/ x might seem impossible to br+ ord] out ( ?is confusion1 & divide ^! almo/ innum]able creatures into _! prop] gr\ps4 ,b a c>eful /udy ( ^! v>i$ =ms has enabl$ sci5ti/s to divide !m accord+ to _! mo/ peculi> *>act]i/ics1 putt+ ord]s1 sub-ord]s1 & families toge!r accord+ to _! close/ relation%ips4 ,s1 :5 we /udy ^! animals1 we are able to decide ^u _! names & places 9 ! class mammalia4 ,& l all else t is ord]ly1 ?is classification becomes pres5tly cle> & simple4 ,let u n[ set ! v>i\s divisions ( ! v]tebrate animals 9 a table :i* c be easily und]/ood1 & w be f\nd conv5i5t = ref]5ce4 ,! v]tebrate or backbon$ animals are divid$ into-- ,fi%es1 ,amphibians1 ,reptiles1 ,birds1 ,mammals4 ,! mammals are divid$ into v>i\s ord]s beg9n+ ) ! monotremes1 ! l[e/ =m ( mammalian life1 & clos+ ) man1 ! highe/ =m4 ,s our table /&s-- ,monotremes3 duck-bill1 e*idna4 ,m>supials3 hav+ a p\* = ! "y--kang>oo1 opossum4 ,ed5tata3 hav+ no tee? on ! front ( ! jaw2 slo?1 etc4 ,cetacea3 fi%-l creatures1 eat+ animal food--:ales1 dolph9s4 ,sir5ia3 fi%-l creatures eat+ vegetable food4 ,insect-eat]s3 mole1 h$ge-hog1 etc4 ,h&-w+$ creatures3 ! bats & vampires4 ,rod5ts1 or gnaw]s3 ) *isel-l front tee?2 rats1 beav]s1 etc4 ,ungulates or ho($ ev5-to$2 z c[1 %eep1 de]1 etc4 unev5-to$2 z hog1 horse1 elephant1 etc4 ,c>nivora or fle%-eat]s seals1 sea-lions4 dogs1 cats1 be>s1 lions1 foxes1 tig]s1 etc4 ,primates ,quadrumana1 or f\r-h&$1 z apes & monkeys4 ,homo 7man74 ,,footnotes3 #hh ,see ,nature ,read]1 ,no4 #c1 p4 #abc4 ,,lesson ,,xlvii4 ,a ,,rem>kable ,,family4 8,he praye? be/ :o love? be/ ,all ?+s bo? great & small1 ,= ! de> ,god :o love? u ,he made & love? all40 --,s4 ,t4 ,,col]idge4 ,9 our la/ lesson we enum]at$ ! ord]s into :i* ! mammalian class has be5 divid$4 ,( six ( ^! ord]s we h already /udi$ repres5tatives4 ,we h f\nd 9 ! duck-bill & two o!r animals1 ! only species ( ! ord] ( monotremes2 ! opossum & kang>oo furni%$ u examples ( ! p\*$ animals4 ,! ?ird ord] m5tion$ is t ( ! ed5tata1 or too?-lack+ creatures1 & "s ( its families we w n[ discuss4 ,! "n too?less is only p>tly descriptive ( ?is gr\p ( mammals1 because :ile "s ( !m are really )\t any tee?1 !re are o!rs t h ! enorm\s numb] ( n9ety-eight4 ,b all ( ! ed5tata are de/itute ( any tee? on ! front ( ! jaws2 !re is always a vacant space !re2 & besides ?is1 all ! tee? are m or less imp]fect1 & h only "o root4 ,t vacant space 9 ! front ( ! jaws1 & ! peculi>ity ( all ! tee? be+ exactly alike1 are con/ant *>act]i/ics ( ! ed5tata4 ,all ( ^! animals are sl[ & clumsy 9 _! movem5ts1 %[ v little intellig5ce1 & h %>p1 /rong claws on all _! toes4 ,!y are all natives ( w>m c\ntries1 & are mo/ num]\s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,none ( ! liv+ ed5tata are m ?an f\r feet long includ+ ! tail1 & "s are no l>g] ?an rats4 ,b f rocks & %ell-b$s1 deep 9 ! e>?1 h be5 tak5 fossil rema9s ( ?is family1 %[+ creatures :i* liv$ f> back 9 ! e>ly p]iods ( e>?-build+1 "s ( !m z l>ge z an ox1 or a rh9oc]os1 or an elephant4 ,! fir/ ( ! ed5tata :i* we %all exam9e is call$ ! slo?4 ,x is a ,s\? ,am]ican animal1 & 0 = a long "t class$ among ! monkeys1 on acc\nt ( its tree-climb+ habits1 & ! long hair :i* cov]s its body4 ,on ! gr\nd1 to :i* x seldom desc5ds1 ! slo? is ! mo/ unga9ly ( bea/s4 ,its h9d legs are v %ort1 & its arms or =e legs are v long2 its claws are /rong & curv$1 & ! toes are buri$ 9 ! sk9 up to ! nails1 s t !y c make no sep>ate movem5ts4 ,_! leg jo9ts turn outw>ds1 & :5 ! creatures try to walk on ! gr\nd1 !y are compell$ to d\ble up _! =e legs & g on _! knees4 ,moreov]1 ^! slo?s _c be> /rong light4 ,:5 plac$ on ! e>? 9 ! sun%9e !y seem to be crippl$ & bl9d4 ,! slo? has no tail1 & no ext]nal e>s4 ,! eyes are small & sleepy2 ! motions ( ! creature are sl[2 its intellig5ce is v limit$2 9 l5g? x is ab\t ?irty in*es1 & ! body has ! g5]al proportions ( a monkey4 ,is ?is bea/1 !n1 a poor de=mity8 ,or1 9 ! noble plan ( nature1 is !re "s place :i* x exactly fits & fills8 ,let u see4 ,n[ we %all place ?is que] little animal on its native trees4 ,at once all is *ang$4 ,:y1 ?is slo? is all grace6 ,y c\ld n see a m beautiful climb]4 ,! %ort h9d legs1 crook$ claws1 long =e>ms1 are j suit$ to tree life1 = clamb]+ safely & lightly f b\gh to b\gh4 ,! slo?1 ?anks to its claws1 is z safe hang+ back d[nw>ds z a bird is safe 9 its ne/4 ,^? weak eyes are suit$ to ! s(t %ad[s ( ! leaves2 ! subdu$ light on ! tree is j "r = x4 ,! slo? is a vegetable fe$]2 z x climbs ab\t ! tree x nibbles (f ! sap leaves & ! delicate new b>k & twigs2 hang+ by ! feet & "o h&1 x rea*es out ! o!r long arm1 & picks fruit z dext]\sly z any s*ool-boy2 !n hold+ ! fruit to its m\? x eats x da9tily4 ,9 museums or zoological g>d5s ! slo?s are furni%$ ) a tree to climb ^u1 & are f$ on fruit1 vegetables1 & bread & milk4 ,! next ( ! ed5tata :i* we %all obs]ve is ! armadillo1 "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> ( animals4 ,at fir/ sight y w\ld feel sure x 0 n a mammal1 b a reptile ( ! liz>d or turtle family1 = in/ead ( be+ cov]$ ) hair or fur1 x we>s a heavy case or armor ( l>ge scales4 ,^! scales1 or bony plates1 are arrang$ 9 close b&s ab\t ! body4 ,! plates ov] ! head1 neck1 & tail are immovable1 b ^? on ! c5tre ( ! back w lap1 s t ! creature c roll itself into a ball1 br++ ! nose1 feet1 & all p>ts ( ! body "u protection ( its horny armor4 ,! "u "p ( ! body has no scales1 b is cov]$ ) hair4 ,! armadillo has %ort legs ) five-to$ feet1 ea* toe be+ furni%$ ) a /rong claw4 ,! e>s are v l>ge2 ! eyes are small2 ! no/rils are set at ! end ( ! long1 po9t$ sn\t4 ,! smalle/ ( ! species is ab\t ! size ( a rat2 ! great armadillo is a y>d long1 & has 9 its widely op5+ m\? n9ety-eight tee?4 ,in/ead ( liv+ on trees l ! slo?1 x burr[s 9 ! gr\nd2 ! rooms & gall]ies :i* !y fa%ion = !mselves are l ^? ( ! mole1 only l>g]4 ,! /rong1 curv$ claws are us$ to te> up ! gr\nd1 & !y d ?is s effectually t ! animal w disappe> b5ea? ! surface 9 a v %ort "t4 ,:5 undi/urb$1 ! movem5t ( ! armadillo is a sl[1 a dignifi$ m>*1 suit$ to its %ort legs & heavy armor4 ,:5 pursu$1 if x does n h opportunity to dig a burr[1 x c run1 & has be5 kn[n to out/rip a man 9 a race4 ,:5 attack$ ! creature pref]s to te> up ! e>? & s9k away out ( sight2 if x _c d ?is1 x rolls itself into a ball1 & tru/s to its armor4 ,z x paces ab\t1 x fe$s da9tily on vegetables & fruit2 x waits "u trees = ! fruit to fall1 & !n nibbles at x v cont5t$ly4 ,/ill x does n reject animal sub/ances1 n ev5 c>rion1 = :5 x discov]s a decay+ c>cass x fe$s ^u x2 x also dev\rs insects :5ev] x c get !m4 ,a ?ird curi\s specim5 ( ?is ord] is ! ant-be>1 :i* is *iefly f\nd 9 ,brazil & ,guiana1 b is n unkn[n 9 ! o!r p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! ant-eat] or 8ant-be>0 is sometimes a y>d & a half long n includ+ ! tail4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s "p ( ?is creature is its tail1 :i* is plume-l1 & c>ri$ ov] its back l t ( a gray squirrel1 b is v l>ge1 s t x ov]%ad[s mo/ ( ! body1 l a great canopy ( f9e1 loose1 wav+ hairs4 ,! body is cov]$ ) long1 co>se1 d>k hair2 ! legs are long & v /rong1 & ! claws are deeply hook$ & s+ul>ly p[]ful4 ,! ant-be>'s head is small1 & tap]s f ! neck to a long1 curv$ sn\t1 at ! end ( :i* are ! no/rils4 ,! e>s are small & plac$ f> back on ! head2 ! eyes are small & set half-way d[n ! sn\t4 ,?is sn\t is well wor? look+ at2 x is really a tube1 ) a small1 r\nd hole at ! tip1 ?r\gh :i* ! ant-eat] c ?ru/ out 8 tongue4 ,! tongue is long1 slim1 r\nd1 worm-l1 & cov]$ ) a /icky secretion4 ,! ant-be> has no tee?4 ,! *ief food ( ?is odd animal is ants1 & let u see its me?od ( fea/+4 ,dur+ ! day1 :ile ants "w abroad1 ?is animal sleeps2 b x w&]s out at night :5 ! ants are 9 _! hills4 ,! ant-eat] puts 8 long sn\t into a hill1 & ?ru/+ 8 /icky tongue into ! rooms & gall]ies1 ga!rs ^u x ants & pup4 ,!n he draws 8 tongue into ! tube1 swall[s 8 prey1 & repeats ! p]=mance4 ,9 l fa%ion ! ant-eat] w capture ^u 8 slimy tongue o!r small insects4 ,?is animal is mild 9 disposition1 sl[ & li/less 9 its motions4 ,x pref]s damp =e/s1 or re$y m>%es1 = its home4 ,?\gh quiet1 x is n timid1 & if attack$ by a fox1 wild-cat1 or jagu>1 x w def5d itself1 & (t5 squeeze ! enemy to dea?1 or te> x to pieces ) its p[]ful claws4 ,ow+ to its lack ( tee? & its tube-%ap$ m\?1 x is evid5t t ! ant-eat] _c *ew food1 b 9 addition to swall[+ insects :ole1 x c take food by suck+ ! juices1 z beetles & "s o!r insects d4 ,9 ! ,london ,zoological ,g>d5s 7 two ant-eat]s1 :i* n only ate insects :5 !y c\ld get !m1 b suck$ up raw eggs & bread & milk1 & w\ld also suck ! blood f raw meat4 ,! "m ant-eat] is a fond & att5tive p>5t4 ,%e has b "o little "o at a "t1 & %e c>ries x ab\t seat$ on h] back4 ,%e nev] leaves x = a mom5t4 ,!re is "o v>iety ( ! ant-eat] :i* lives on trees4 ,?is animal seldom comes to ! gr\nd2 x eats fruit & ! insects :i* frequ5t trees1 & dr9ks ! dew & ra9 f ! leaves4 ,x is a pretty creature ( ab\t ! size ( a small squirrel4 ,?is tree ant-eat] does n c>ry h] baby ab\t on h] back2 in/ead1 %e f9ds a hole 9 ! tree :]e %e makes a ne/ ( leaves1 & !re %e puts h] *ild to sleep :ile %e hunts ab\t = food4 ,e few m9utes %e returns & puts h] little head into ! hole to see h[ h] baby is com+ on4 ,9 ,india1 ,*9a1 ,java1 & ! ,malay ,isl&s1 !re is "o ( ! ed5tata call$ a pangol91 :i* we>s an extraord9>y coat1 f :i* x is sometimes call$ 8! scaly liz>d40 ,?is coat is compos$ ( l>ge1 leaf-l1 po9t$ scales1 set 9 ! sk9 mu* 9 ! fa%ion ( ! nails on y\r f+]s4 ,^! scales lap ov] ea* o!r l ro(+-slates1 & ext5d f ! nose to ! tip ( ! tail4 ,a /rip on ! "u side ( ! body is b>e ( scales4 ,l ! armadillo1 ! pangol9 c roll itself into a ball if x is 9 dang]4 ,also l ! armadillo1 ! pangol9s h %ort1 /rong legs1 /rong1 curv$ claws1 & dig burr[s4 ,b !y are n s fond ( burr[+ z ! armadillo1 & if !y f9d a holl[ 9 a tree !y take t = a home4 ,:ile ! armadillos are %ort & ?ick 9 body1 & mu* l a tortoise 9 %ape1 ! pangol9s are sl5d] & liz>d-l4 ,! pangol9 has no trace ( tee?1 & its me?od ( fe$+ is l t ( ! ant-be>4 ,! head is %ort & ! tongue less slim ?an ! ant-be>'s1 b ! mann] ( procur+ food is ! same4 ,x has ! l>ge/ & brighte/ eyes ( all its ord]4 ,!re is no ext]nal e>1 b hidd5 "u ! scales on ! head !re is an e> op5+4 ,:5 ! pangol9 wi%es to def5d itself1 x c erect its scales z ! porcup9e does its quills1 & s x looks v fi]ce4 ,all ! motions ( ! pangol9 are sl[ except ! play ( its tongue1 :i* d>ts 9 & out ) great rapidity4 ,f a /udy ( ^! animals we see1 t :ile ! ed5tata diff] rem>kably 9 _m respects1 !y are alike 9 ^! p>ticul>s3 ,!re are no tee? on ! front ( ! jaws2 _! toes h /rong claws2 _! motions are v sl[2 _! intellig5ce is small2 !y are inhabitants ( ,s\? ,am]ica or ! ea/]n "p ( ,asia4 ,,lesson ,,xlviii4 ,,! ,,gnaw]s4#hi 8,& ! grumbl+ grew to a mighty rumbl+1 ,& out ( ! homes ! rats came tumbl+3 ,great rats1 small rats1 lean rats1 brawny rats1 ,br[n rats1 black rats1 gray rats1 tawny rats1 ,grave old plodd]s1 gay "y frisk]s1 ,cock+ tails & prick+ :isk]s60 --,r4 ,,br[n+1 ,pi$ ,pip]4 ,9 our *apt] on ! :ales we h giv5 examples ( ! f\r? 9 our li/ ( ! mammalian ord]s4 ,! manatee /ood z ! repres5tative ( ! next nam$ ord]1 t ( ! sir5ia4 ,!n came ! ord] ( ! insect-eat]s1 or insectivora1 & little ,mr4 ,talpa1 ! mole1 0 describ$1 ?\gh p]haps he is n m int]e/+ ?an 8 relations1 ! %rews & ! h$gehogs4 ,! sev5? ord] 9 our li/ is t ( ! w+-h&$ creatures1 :i* is occupi$ entirely by ! bats1 ) _! fir/ c\s9s1 ! vampires & fly+ foxes4 ,^! animals might h be5 set ) ! ed5tata1 if !y _h n indulg$ 9 ! peculi>ity ( w+s4 ,our eigh? ord] is ! rod5tia1 or gnaw]s4 ,no ord] ( animals is bett] kn[n1 or has m common examples4 ,h>k6 9 ! /illness ( ! h\se at night y may he> a ru% & a scuttle ?r\gh ! walls1 or a f9e nibble 9 a corn]2 ^! s\nds proclaim ! pres5ce ( two v unpopul> rod5ts1 ! rat & ! m\se4 ,z ,i 0 sitt+ "o day la/ summ] 9 ! %elt] ( a great rock1 a little animal appe>$ f a maple wood "s hundr$ y>ds di/ant1 & ) long hops came ov] ! hillside t[>ds me4 ,:5 ab\t ?irty y>ds f me1 he /opp$--he _h j discov]$ me4 ,?is 0 our mo/ beautiful rod5t1 ! l>ge gray squirrel4 ,i conclud$ t bright z 8 eyes are he c\ld n see s f> z ,i c\ld1 or he w\ld h notic$ me :5 he came out ( ! wood4 ,a little :ile aft]1 z ,i /ill sat sil5t & motionless1 ano!r beautiful rod5t came f an adjac5t tree1 &1 deceiv$ by my /illness & ! color ( my l95 g[n1 he came & sat d[n on ! hem ( ! g[n1 & hold+ himself erect on 8 haun*es began to eat a nut4 ,?is la/ 0 ! pretty *ipmunk1 we>+ a r$di% coat1 & hav+ black velvet /ripes d[n 8 back4 ,9 introduc+ ^! f\r animals1 ,i h already indicat$ ! creatures to be f\nd 9 ! ord] ( rod5ts1 or gnaw]s4 ,"o ( its mo/ fam\s & anci5t memb]s1 ! beav]1 we h already describ$ 9 a *apt] by himself4 ,! ord] ( gnaw]s is "o ( ! mo/ ext5sive ( ! mammalian class4 ,all ( its memb]s are small1 or ( mod]ate size4 ,!y are di/+ui%$ by hav+ only two k9ds ( tee?1 incisors1 or cutt+ tee?1 & mol>s1 or gr9d+ tee?4 ,! incisors1 g5]ally two or f\r on ! front ( ea* jaw1 are long1 /\t1 & curv$4 ,!y are cov]$ ) enamel on ! front only1 & s ! back "p ( ! too? we>s away fa/] ?an ! front "p1 & ?us con/antly pres]ves a %>p1 knife-l edge1 :i* is z s]viceable z ! be/ temp]$ *isel 9 cutt+ any k9d ( wood4 ,! incisors nev] we> out4 ,!y gr[ f ! base j z fa/ z !y we> (f at ! tip4 ,! rod5ts are furry1 f\r-legg$ animals1 ) nails or claws ^u _! toes4 ,!y h l>ge bright eyes1 %>p1 well-set e>s1 & all _! s5ses are v acute4 ,!y are also di/+ui%$ = intellig5ce1 & g5]ally = amiable dispositions4 ,among !m are to be f\nd ! rat1 m\se1 squirrel1 rabbit1 h>e1 musk-rat1 dorm\se1 j]boa1 *9*illa1 porcup9e1 gr\nd pig1 m>mot1 & _m o!rs4 ,! porcup9e & 8 family (f] an exception to ! o!r rod5ts 9 we>+ quills among ! fur4 ,! rod5ts diff] widely 9 _! homes2 "s1 z ! squirrels1 live 9 trees2 o!rs 9 =ms or lairs on ! gr\nd1 z rabbits & h>es2 "s1 z ! beav] & musk-rat1 are *iefly aquatic4 ,! rod5ts also diff] 9 _! mode ( life4 ,! squirrels1 rabbits1 h>es1#ij & "s ( ! mice1 "w & eat by day & sleep at night2 o!rs1 z ! rats1 gu9ea-pigs1 & porcup9es1 are pr9cipally nocturnal animals1 com+ =? f _! homes ab\t sunset4 ,9 g5]al ! rod5ts fe$ on roots1 vegetables1 se$s1 nuts1 b>k1 leaves1 or fruit2 b "s ( !m1 z ! rats1 are fond ( meat1 & inde$ dev\r any?+ 9 ! %ape ( food1 & are z ready to eat c>rion z fre% diet4 ,all rod5ts are easily tam$1 & are (t5 kept 9 captivity4 ,rabbits1 squirrels1 & gu9ea-pigs h always be5 favorites z pets2 ev5 ! rats & mice1 9 _! :ite specim5s ) r$ eyes1 h n be5 despis$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,nibbl]s4 ,! rod5ts include "s animals ) valuable fur1 z ! gray ,sib]ian squirrel1 & ! *9*illas ( ! ,p]uvian & ,*ilian m\nta9 ranges4 ,! rod5ts are g5]ally v prolific1 & to ! great numb] ( _! prog5y is due _! cont9uance1 9 despite ( ! multitudes ( !m kill$ e ye> by _! enemies4 ,! hunt]1 ) 8 trap & gun1 seeks ! rod5ts = fur or = food2 hawks1 vultures1 & owls prey ^u !m2 dogs1 cats1 & foxes con/antly lie 9 wait = !m4 ,rats also fight among !mselves1 & prey ^u ea* o!r1 = ! victor fea/s ^u ! vanqui%$4 ,rats are also hunt$ = _! sk9s1 z ?\s&s ( doz5s ( kid gloves h be5 fir/ on ! backs1 n ( kids1 b ( rats4 ,z in/ances ( ! rapid increase ( rod5t families we may note t ! "m rat has sev]al litt]s ( "y ea* ye>1 & t5 or twelve at a litt]4 ,! fieldm\se has twelve little ones a ye>1 b all ( ! same litt]4 ,! h>ve/ m\se is ! smalle/ & p]haps ! prettie/ ( all ! rod5ts4 ,its back is tan color1 bright5+ on ! sides & legs1 :ile all ! "u "p ( ! body is sn[-:ite & silky4 ,x is n mu* ov] an in* long1 has bright eyes1 & a long1 hairy tail2 x lives ^u gra91 & con/ructs "o ( ! prettie/ ( ne/s = a home4 ,lay+ toge!r1 ) _! long leaves1 ?ree or f\r /alks ( :eat1 oats1 or b>ley1 ! h>ve/ m\se weaves ( grass & leaves a r\nd1 beautiful ne/1 ab\t z l>ge z t ( a titm\se4 ,! ne/ is %ap$ l a ball1 & has a small op5+ on "o side4 ,9 ?is ne/ ! t9y "m places h] little ones4 ,%e climbs up ! :eat /ems by means ( h] %>p claws1 b comes d[n z "o slides d[n a rope1 hold+ on by "o h&4 ,?is r\nd ne/ is ! summ] home ( ! h>ve/-m\se4 ,by ! "t ! gra9 is ripe1 "s wise in/9ct tea*es h] to remove h] h\sehold to a new dwell+4 ,%e ei!r makes a burr[ 9 ! gr\nd1 or builds a ne/ 9 a corn-crib or hay-rick4 ,ano!r curi\s m\se is call$ ! economic m\se1 because x lays up gra9 & se$s = w9t] use4 ,9 ?is x resembles c]ta9 o!r rod5ts1 z ! beav]1 :i* lays up a /ore ( b>k1 ! squirrel1 :i* ho>ds nuts1 & ! ham/]1 :i* lays up gra91 beans1 peas1 & se$s4 ,sometimes fifty or a hundr$ p\nds ( gra9 & dri$ se$s h be5 tak5 f ! burr[s ( ^! animals4 ,! squirrels1 & ! 8p\*$10 or e>?-rats1 are provid$ ) *eek p\*es = c>ry+ home _! w9t] /ore ( provisions4 ,o!rs convey _! booty 9 _! m\?s4 ,i _h at "o "t a pair ( *ipmunks1 :i* made _! home 9 ! f\ndation wall ( my h\se4 ,a r[ ( wild *]ry trees /ood ne> ! lawn1 & ,i f\nd t ! *ipmunks laid up a l>ge /ore ( ! *]ry pits1 mak+ _m j\rneys daily to & f ! trees1 & c>ry+ (f 9 _! *eek p\*es a numb] ( pits ea* "t4 ,! season 0 dry1 & "o morn+ ,i _h p\r$ a pit*] ( wat] ov] "s plants ne> my por*1 :5 "o ( ! *ipmunks pass$ among !m on 8 way to ! *]ry trees4 ,he /opp$1 sat on 8 haun*es1 took "o ( ! wet leaves 9 8 h&1 press$ ! sides toge!r to make a tr\gh = ! moi/ure1 & hold+ x to 8 m\? drank ! wat] 9 ! mo/ comical fa%ion possible4 ,he drank f five or six leaves1 :ile ,i /ood wat*+ him4 ,:5 he w5t 8 way1 ,i fill$ a l>ge sauc] ) wat] & plac$ x ne> ! plants4 ,?is 0 pres5tly discov]$1 & bo? my little *ipmunks h]eaft] drank & wa%$ regul>ly at ?is di%4 ,i made a practice ( te/+ ^! pretty little fell[s' k ( nuts4 ,:5 ,i gave !m crack$ hickory nuts1 !y at once sat d[n1 pick$ out ! meats1 & ate !m4 ,crack$ nuts 7 evid5tly n fit = /orage4 ,sitt+ on _! haun*es1 hold+ ! crack$ nuts to _! m\?s ) _! h&s & us+ _! incisors = nut-picks1 ^! creatures 7 a pretty sight4 ,:5 ,i gave !m :ole nuts1 !y te/$ !m1 evid5tly by weight1 to see if !y 7 s\nd4 ,s\nd nuts 7 promptly c>ri$ to ! /oreh\se2 poor nuts 7 dropp$4 ,i nev] knew ^! animals to make a mi/ake4 ,i crack$ ! reject$ nuts1 & nev] f\nd "o ( !m good4 ,:5 walnuts or o!r h>d-%ell$ nuts t h be5 empti$ by squirrels are exam9$1 & ! cleanness & accuracy ( ! cutt+ is not$1 we get "s notion ( ^? beautiful cutt+ tools1 ! incisors4 ,likewise ! wood *isell$ by ! beav] be>s witness to ! excell5ce ( ! tools be/[$ ^u ?is ord] ( animals4 ,! gnaw]s are f\nd 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! _w2 ! deep sn[s ( ,sib]ia are track$ by ! agile feet ( ! squirrel1 ! ham/]1 & ! economic m\se4 ,cold ,norway has hordes ( rats1 z well z squirrels & rabbits4 ,italy is ! only c\ntry free f ! ravages ( ! fieldm\se4 ,9 ,engli% g>d5s ! dormice love to make _! homes4 ,rats & mice live :]ev] m5 live4 ,africa possesses ! s& rat & ! brilliant mole rat1 :i* we>s a sc>let coat %9+ ) ! iris t9ts ( ! ra9b[4 ,! j]boas1 ) _! %ort =e legs1 & _! curi\sly long h9d legs1 jump ab\t 9 ,t>t>y1 ,russia1 & ! ,african =e/s4 ,s\? ,am]ica has a monopoly ( *9*illas & gu9ea-pigs4 ,! porcup9e is an inhabitant ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! globe4 ,once ! beav] built its dams & burr[s ov] ne>ly all ,nor? ,am]ica1 & n[ e woodl& ab\nds 9 squirrels & rabbits2 almo/ e riv]-side has its musk-rats2 e b>n & ne>ly e h\se is infe/$ ) rats & mice4 ,?\s&s ( h>es are e w9t] br\ght into ! ,engli% m>kets4 ,9 fact1 :]ev] y g y c he> ! busy tee? ( ! rod5ts1 gnaw+ _! way ?r\gh ! _w4 ,,footnotes3 #hi ,*apt]s #dh1 #di1 & #ej give b brief glimpses ( num]\s well-kn[n mammals4 ,! object has be5 m]ely to call att5tion to peculi>ities ( /ructure & o!r po9ts ( int]e/1 & ?us enc\rage ! pupil to seek m ext5d$ in=mation 9 l>g] works4 #ij ,h>es are giv5 to w&]+ ab\t at night1 & porcup9es (t5 fe$ & travel by day4 ,,lesson ,,xlix4 ,,odd ,,toes4 8,a ?\s& horse1 & none to ride6 ,) fl[+ tail1 & fly+ mane1 ,wide no/rils nev] /ret*$ by pa91 ,m\?s bloodless ( ! bit or re91 ,& feet t iron nev] %od60 --,,byron4 ,"o great ord] ( mammals1 is call$ ! ungulata1 or ho($-ord]4 ,! ungulates are animals well fitt$ = t]re/rial life2 !y are vegetable-eat]s1 ?\gh n[ & !n "o ( !m1 z ! hog1 may display "s appetite = animal food1 & %eep & c[s w eat fi%1 especially if salt$4 ,no ord] is m famili> to u1 z x conta9s all our be/-kn[n dome/ic animals1 & ^? wild animals mo/ popul> 9 all m5ag]ies or zoological g>d5s1 z ! elephant1 camel1 & giraffe2 & f9ally all ^? animals mo/ ard5tly pursu$ by hunt]s1 z ! de]1 antelope1 & *amois4 ,! ord] ungulata embraces two animals s widely diff]5t f ! o!rs1 t !y h be5 classifi$ z sub-ord]s by !mselves2 "o ( ^! species is t ( p]haps ! l>ge/ l& animal1 ! elephant2 ! o!r is ne>ly ! smalle/ ( all ! ungulates1 ! hyrax1 or cony4 ,! hyrax is ! cony m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible1 & a v]se ( ,scripture v well describes x3 8,! conies are a feeble folk1 !y h _! dwell+s 9 ! rocks40 ,= a long "t ^! little animals 7 a puzzle to zoologi/s1 & f9ally ,pr(essor ,huxley set !m (f 9 a sub-ord] all to !mselves4 ,:y 7 !y s difficult to arrange8 ,let u see4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,?ick ,,sk9s4 ,9 ! fir/ place !re are v few ( !m1 & !y are all f\nd 9 ,africa1 ne> ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 except "o species liv+ 9 ,syria4 ,!y are small creatures1 rabbit-l1 ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 cov]$ ) ?ick fur int]sp]s$ ) bri/les4 ,fir/1 !y 7 class$ ) ! rod5ts1 because ( _! rabbit-l appe>ance4 ,b _! tee? turn$ out to be l ^? ( a rh9oc]os1 & _! skeletons l ^? ( ! hippopotamus family1 & !re=e !y 7 plac$ among ! ungulata4 ,soon !re 7 o!r claims made ^u !m2 _! ribs & backbones 7 l ^? ( t fam\s insect-eat]1 ! slo?4 ,^! que] little bea/s seem$ to belong ev]y:]e1 & to fit n[h]e1 & !y 7 set up by !mselves4 ,! conies are greg>i\s animals2 !y live 9 colonies4 ,!y h no means ( (f5ce or def5ce1 & s !y make _! homes 9 holes 9 ! rocks1 & /eal+ out f _! /ony citadels1 !y eat grass1 fruit1 se$s1 & roots4 ,z !y g =? to =age !y leave a s5t9el p]*$ on a high rock1 to wat* = dang] & give ! al>m4 ,9 ,africa ! lions are _! greate/ enemies1 & z soon z ! w>n+ ( an approa*+ lion is giv51 ! conies da% (f swift z ! w9d1 to hide 9 small crevices1 :]e _! foe _c foll[ !m4 ,! o!r peculi> animal among ! ungulates1 :i* dem&$ a sub-ord] all = itself1 is ! elephant4 ,( ?is creature !re are b two species n[ liv+1 ! ,indian & ! ,african elephants4 ,!y are class$ by !mselves on acc\nt ( ! proboscis or trunk1 :i* no o!r animal possesses1 & :i* a little boy describ$ z a 8big be-front tail1 s t ! elephant c\ld walk backw>ds or =w>ds all ! same40 ,b ?is is a mo/ unhappy description ( an elephant4 ,! ,african elephant is ! l>g] species1 be+ sometimes elev5 feet high4 ,its e>s are mu* l>g] ?an ^? ( ! ,asiatic species1 are diff]5tly set1 & !re are also diff]5ces 9 ! /ructure ( ! head & tee?4 ,! tusks ( ! elephant are two l>ge curv$1 bony app5dages1 project+ f ! m\? on ei!r side ( ! trunk4 ,:at are !y8 ,:y1 tee? to be sure6 ,tee?8 ,yes2 !y are ! two incisors su* z ,i told y ! beav]s h1 b ! odd ?+ ab\t ^! tee? is1 t1 beg9n+ to gr[ 9 ! second ye> ( ! elephant's life1 !y keep on gr[+ z long z he lives4 ,( c\rse !y are soon too long to be kept )9 ! %elt] ( ! m\?1 & s !y project & gr[ & gr[1 until sometimes !y become s enorm\s z to weigh f "o hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ p\nds ea*4 ,b ^! are exceptions2 f ?irty to eighty p\nds is a m usual weight4 ,sometimes ! tusks turn upw>d2 sometimes !y gr[ almo/ /raight1 or ) a d[nw>d incl9ation4 ,besides ^! huge incisors ! elephant has six mol>s or gr9d+ tee? on ea* side ( ea* jaw4 ,z ^! mol>s are its only tee? useful 9 eat+1 we see at once t ! food ( an elephant mu/ be grass1 hay1 gra91 & fruit4 ,! tusks ( ! elephant are almo/ entirely ! pure/ ( ivory1 & z !y are our ma9 s\rce ( ?is valuable mat]ial1 ?\s&s ( elephants are slaught]$ to secure ! tusks4 ,z ! elephant has ! fewe/ "y ( any kn[n animal1 ! race ( elephants _c keep up ) ! rapid de/ruction produc$ by ! ivory hunt]s1 & !re is great dang] t x w become ext9ct4 ,9 ,africa elephants are n tam$ & tra9$1 b 9 ,india = _m hundr$ ye>s !y h be5 kept z bea/s ( burd51 z w> animals1 & z ornam5ts to ! /ate ( k+s4 ,! mo/ notable *>act]i/ic ( ! elephant is its proboscis4 ,:at is t8 ,z ! tusks are two ov]gr[n tee?1 s ! proboscis is an ov]gr[n nose & upp] lip4 ,! nose & upp] lip ( ! elephant are prolong$ into a tube1 (t5 six feet long1 tap]+ almo/ to a po9t4 ,at ! extreme end ( ?is organ ! no/rils are situat$1 & elephants (t5 swim entirely "u wat]1 by simply c>ry+ ! end ( ! proboscis above ! surface4 ,! proboscis is compos$ *iefly ( muscles1 f\r ?\s& ( !m we are told1 toge!r ) _m n]ves4 ,?us x is exce$+ly /rong1 flexible1 & v s5sitive1 & an injury to x gives ! animal int5se pa94 ,! proboscis ( ! elephant is us$ by its own] ) all ! ease & skill ( a human h&4 ,?r\gh x1 x c draw up wat] & p\r x ov] its back1 or squirt x :]ev] x *ooses2 x c use s& 9 ! same way1 & by an arrangem5t ( valves ne> ! air-passages1 ! wat] & s& :ile ?us drawn up are kept out ( ! no/rils & air-tubes4 ,! tip ( ! trunk is prolong$ into a f+] & a ?ick knob :i* s]ves = a ?umb4 ,) ^! ! elephant c pick up ev5 s small an object z a *]ry or a p94 ,) ?is h&-l extremity ( ! trunk1 ! animal conveys food to its m\?4 ,to ! elephant its proboscis is indisp5sable & invaluable2 clumsy 9 its motions1 ) a v %ort neck1 :i* does n p]mit ! head to b5d to ! gr\nd1 & ?ick1 pill>-l legs1 difficult to b5d1 :at w\ld x d )\t ?is long1 flexible app5dage8 ,) x ! elephant collects food & dr9k1 te>s (f fruit & leaves f ! trees1 & tak+ a bran* = a fan1 drives (f ! teas+ insects :i* settle on its va/ body4 ,a horse swit*es (f insects ) its tail1 b ! tail ( ! elephant is small1 slim1 & b>e1 v l t ( ! pig4 ,) ! proboscis ! elephant /rikes d[n its enemies1 pumps wat] = its ba?1 lifts a burd5 to or f its back1 def5ds its "y1 & %rieks & ro>s1 z if bray+ ?r\gh a trumpet :5 hurt or angry4 ,f ?is trumpet+ noise1 ! ,fr5* h call$ ! proboscis a 8tromp10 or trumpet1 :i* we h corrupt$ into t s5seless "n = a proboscis1 a trunk4 ,9 a fight ) a lion or tig]1 ! elephant keeps its proboscis held al(t1 out ( h>m's way1 wav+ x l a bann]1 & s\nd+ an al>m1 & uses its tusks = a weapon1 :]e) to gore or toss its foe4 ,x also tramples on its enemies1 & cru%es !m ) its enorm\s weight4 ,) its tusks ! elephant also uproots trees :5 x wi%es to secure da9ty leaf-food1 too high up to pull d[n ) its proboscis4 ,! sk9 ( ! elephant is b>e1 exce$+ly ?ick1 mu* wr9kl$1 & ( a d>k lead color1 ne>ly black4 ,! head is l>ge1 ! eyes are small2 ! m\? is set "u ! ?ick upp] "p ( ! trunk1 & is gu>d$ by ! tusks4 ,! legs are enorm\sly l>ge & clumsy1 & s are ! feet1 :i* h live toes enclos$ 9 a cu%ion ( ?ick sk9 up to ! nails4 ,elephants live f sev5ty-five to "o hundr$ & ?irty ye>s4 ,! baby elephant is woolly ab\t ! head & %\ld]s4 ,x sucks its "m's milk n ?r\gh ! proboscis1 b ) its m\?4 ,! "m is v fond ( h] big baby1 & is valiant 9 its def5ce4 ,elephants are enorm\s fe$]s1 consum+ half a bu%el ( gra9 & two hundr$ p\nds ( gre5 h]bage a day4 ,! sagacity ( ! elephant has be5 ! !me ( _m /ories1 :i* h also celebrat$ its affection1 gratitude1 its s5sibility to k9dness1 its rev5geful memory ( affronts1 & its trea*]\s disposition1 giv5 to sudd5 bur/s ( rage4 ,:ite elephants1 ( :i* s mu* is said1 are n a sep>ate species1 b alb9os4 ,we h n[ se5 ! greate/ ( ! ungulates4 ,) him 9 a m5ag]ie we (t5 f9d ! tapir1 rem>kable = its long nose1 & z be+ "o ( ! olde/ species ( liv+ mammals1 !re=e ( an anci5t dignity ( family to :i* ! k+-crab1 hatt]ia1 opossum1 & beav] may make _! be/ b[s4 ,! hippopotamus is a ho($ animal1 next 9 size to ! elephant4 ,x is a hide\s & dirty-look+ animal1 b "o t 9 a m5ag]ie or g>d5 moves our compassion1 = x is by its nature an amphibi\s creature1 born to live 9 ! riv]s1 & to sp5d ! mo/ ( its "t div+ or swimm+1 or /&+ neck deep 9 wat]2 & no?+ c be m wret*$ ?an its appe>ance z x *ews dry hay1 & pant+ waits = a keep] to ?r[ a few pailfuls ( wat] ov] its fev]$ sk94 ,! hippopotamus is a tusk-we>] l ! elephant1 & :ile ! ivory ( its tusks is n q s good z t furni%$ by ! elephant1 x is yet 9 great dem&4 ,! hide is also us$ 9 ! manufacture ( boots1 trunks1 & _m in/rum5ts4 ,! rh9oc]os is ano!r big specim5 ( ! ungulates1 ) a b>e1 smoo? hide4 ,x is an aquatic animal1 we>+ a s+le horn on ! front ( its sn\t4 ,9 its native home1 ?is horn s]ves to root up riv]-plants1 on :i* x fe$s2 x is also ! weapon ( w>4 ,giv5 9 its natural haunts to sp5d+ h\rs 9 roll+ 9 ! mud or wad+ 9 wat]1 ! rh9oc]os suff]s sev]ely 9 conf9em5t4 ,usually ( a mild1 quiet temp]1 x seems sometimes fill$ ) homesickness & despair1 & ) l\d moans da%es its head aga9/ ! walls ( its prison z if wi%+ to end its mis]ies by break+ its skull4 ,no ho($ animal is bett] kn[n1 :e!r dead or alive1 ?an ! pig4 ,! pig is ! direct desc5dant ( ! wild bo>1 & owes ! v>i\s *anges 9 its appe>ance & con=mation to ages ( dome/ication4 ,! wild bo> is an animal ) long legs1 long bri/les1 lean body1 a long sn\t1 & a pair ( big tusks =m$ by ! elongation ( two can9e tee? on ea* side ( ! m\?4 ,! two can9e tee? on ! l[] jaw are mu* l>g] & /rong] ?an ^? on ! upp]4 ,! bo> has fi]y little eyes1 a fi]ce & active disposition1 & great c\rage4 ,x has be5 said ( ! common pig1 t x is an animal 8manufactur$ by man1 & he makes x take su* %apes z suit 8 wants be/40 ,by c>eful fe$+ & bre$+ ! tusks are lo/1 ! bri/les decrease1 ! head & legs dim9i%1 ! body & haun*es greatly develop4 ,f$ & %elt]$1 ! pig is mild & lazy4 ,turn$ loose 9 ! woods1 = sev]al g5]ations1 ! sn\t & legs l5g!n1 ! body gr[s ?9n]1 & _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! bo> return4 ,v>i\s fam\s bre$s ( pigs take _! "n f localities :]e !y are re>$1 z ! ,b]k%ire1 ,suffolk1 ,norman1 ,pyr5ean1 & ,p]igord v>ieties4 ,! horse is ! mo/ noble ( all ! ?ick-sk9s1 & inde$ ( all brutes4 ,its imm$iate relatives are ! ass1 quagga1 & zebra4 ,! curi\s /ages & *anges 9 ! developm5t ( ! horse h already be5 giv54#ia ,docile & quick to le>n1 ! horse has be5 tra9$ & us$ by m5 f ! e>lie/ antiquity4 ,only "o ( ?is species rema9s sup]ior to dome/ication1 ! wild ass ( ! ,himalaya regions4 ,! zebra also is re/less & intractable1 & is n (t5 r$uc$ to a dome/ic /ate4 ,:y ( all ! horse k9d %\ld ! g5tle1 tractable1 humble1 /rong1 pati5t1 easily-f$ donkey h be5 *os5 z ! con/ant recipi5t ( scorn2 abuse1 & h>d f>e8 ,scant food & pl5tiful kicks & curses are ! portion ( "o ( ! mo/ useful & g5tle ( brutes4 ,mu* m h>dy ?an 8 c\s91 ! horse1 dem&+ only a little wat] & ! co>se/ f>e1 ! poor donkey gets _m bl[s & few ?anks = tireless s]vice4 ,hats (f to ! donkey1 :o always does ! be/ he c4 ,,footnotes3 #ia ,lesson #e4 ,,lesson ,l4 ,,ev5 ,,toes4 8,!n b5d y\r gaze across ! wa/e--:at see ye8 ,! giraffe ,maje/ic /alks t[>d ! lagoon1 ! turbid lymph to quaff2 ,) out/ret*$ neck1 & tongue adu/1 he kneels him d[n to cool ,8 hot ?ir/ ) a welcome draught f f\l & bracki% pool40 --,f4 ,,freiligra?4 ,! ord] ( ungulate has = its second sub-ord] ! ev5-to$ animals4 ,?is gr\p is di/+ui%$ by ! p[] & habit1 :i* all its species h1 ( br++ back into ! m\?1 food already swall[$1 9 ord] to re-*ew x ?or\ghly4 ,?is habit is call$ rum9at+ or *ew+ ! cud4 ,we h all obs]v$ x 9 %eep1 k9e1 & camels4 ,! mo/ notable *>act]i/ic ( ^! animals is ! =mation ( ! /oma*1 :i* is divid$ into sev]al comp>tm5ts ( diff]5t con/ruction4 ,! second ( ^! /oma* comp>tm5ts is small & l9$ ) cells ( a honey-comb$ appe>ance4 ,! slightly *ew$ food1 on rea*+ ?is receptacle1 is gradually m\ld$ into pellets or small masses1 :i*1 in/ead ( pass+ into ! next l[] division ( ! dige/ive app>atus1 rise into ! ?roat1 are re-convey$ to ! animal's m\?1 & are sl[ly *ew$ into a f9e pulp4 ,any "o :o has wat*$ a c[ or %eep ly+ at ease1 calmly & /eadily *ew+ ! cud1 has se5 a picture ( quiet enjoym5t4 ,! l[e/ division ( ! /oma* ( a cud-*ew] is call$ ! r5net-bag1 f a fluid call$ r5net1 :i* x conta9s1 :i* dige/s all ! food4 ,r5net has ! prop]ty ( curdl+ milk1 or r ( mak+ x p>tly solid )\t r5d]+ x s\r4 ,x is us$ 9 mak+ *eese4 ,?is r5net1 m+l$ ) ! well-ma/icat$ food ( ! cud-*ew]s1 completes ! process ( dige/ion4 ,all liquids swall[$ by ^! animals f9d _! way at once to ! r5net-bag4 ,all cud-*ew]s fe$ ^u vegetable sub/ances1 & *iefly ^u grass1 ( :i* !y eat ! /alks & fibr\s portions z well z ! blades4 ,9 a =m] lesson we spoke ( ! ne$ ( %eep = 8r\ghness10 z /ock m5 call x--a ne$ :i* is %>$ by all rum9ants4 ,?is r\ghness is ! co>se & innutriti\s portions mix$ ) ! ri*] p>ts ( _! food1 to enable !m to *ew ! cud1 & to prev5t indige/ion1 :i* w\ld be caus$ by too ri* & compact diet4 ,! tee? ( cud-*ew]s are especially =m$ = graz+2 !re are no incisors or cutt+ tee? on ! upp] jaw1 except 9 ! camel family4 ,! tee? are ( two k9ds1 incisors 7on ! l[] jaw7 & gr9d]s1 or mol>s4 ,^! gr9d]s are wide tee?1 & z ! jaws move1 ! mol>s act ^u ea* o!r f side to side1 ! l[] jaw gr9d+ aga9/ ! upp] "o4 ,wat* a c[ z %e eats1 & y w obs]ve ?is motion4 ,n[ let u look at ^! ev5-to$ feet4 ,y w say t ^! animals h ho(s divid$ 9 ! c5tre1 :ile ! ho( ( a horse is n divid$ at all4 ,! pig1 :i* does n rum9ate1 has a ho( c5trally divid$1 l t ( a %eep2 & ! h>e1 :i* *ews ! cud1 has sev]al sep>ate toes1 & belongs to ! rod5ts4 ,amid all ?is div]sity !re is ?is con/ant *>act]i/ic1 t ! cud-*ew]s ( ! ungulates h ! toes ( ea* foot collect$ "u :at is call$ a clov5 ho(1 z if a solid ho( _h be5 cleft into two4 ,!re are f\r families ( ev5-to$ rum9ants--! holl[-horn$1 includ+ k9e1 %eep1 goats1 & antelopes1 ! de] tribe1 ! camel tribe1 & ! camelop>ds4 ,to ! holl[-horn$ family belong our mo/ useful dome/ic animals1 & ^? e>lie/ associat$ ) man4 ,! c[ family af=ds u beef1 our pr9cipal meat food1 also butt]1 *eese1 & milk2 :ile ! hides furni% our *ief supply ( lea!r4 ,! bones are us$ = mak+ buttons1 combs1 knife-h&les2 ! hair is us$ 9 pla/]2 glue & gelat9e & calves' foot jelly are made f ! ho(s4 ,ox5 are l>gely us$ = draught purposes4 ,:at1 !n1 %\ld we d )\t ! bov9e race8 ,! %eep 0 no d\bt ! fir/ dome/icat$ animal2 its g5tle nature1 & ! ease ) :i* x c be re>$1 made x an e>ly associate ) ! homes ( m52 its wool furni%es probably our *ief clo?+ supply2 its fle% is a favorite food2 _m nations dr9k its milk1 f :i* !y make also *eese & butt]4 ,?us we h 9 ! %eep an animal indisp5sable to our civilization4 ,! goat is a ?ird holl[-horn1 ! fle% & milk ( :i* are mu* us$ 9 _m c\ntries1 :ile ! goat's long & silky hair is 9 dem& = wov5 fabrics4 ,f9ally among ! holl[-horns we f9d ! fam\s animals ( ! antelope family1 ! beautiful1 timid gazelle1 ! fleet *amois1 ! fi]ce1 untamable gnu1 ! graceful ibex4 ,if we _h "t to describe all ^!1 we %\ld f9d be=e u "s ( ! mo/ *>m+ creatures 9 ! _w4 ,!y live 9 high m\nta9 di/ricts1 & ! ,swiss is nev] m happy ?an :5 he pursues ! *amois ov] ! /eep cre/s & among ! crags ( 8 native l&4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ untamable ( ! holl[-horns is t c\s9 ( our pati5t1 useful ox1 ! bison1 or buffalo1#ib an animal rapidly becom+ ext9ct ?r\gh cruel & wanton slaught]4 ,:ile few ( u h se5 ! bison himself1 8 %aggy pelt is well kn[n 9 ! buffalo robes ( our sleighs & c>riages1 & 9 ! heavy ov]coats made = nor!rn travel4 ,next to ! elephant & ! rh9oc]os1 ! bison is ! l>ge/ ( l&-mammals4 ,if we liv$ 9 ,arabia in/ead ( ,am]ica1 we %\ld set beside ! %eep1 z ! special ally ( m51 ! camel4 ,we h all se5 ?is creature 9 m5ag]ies & zoological g>d5s1--a tall1 awkw>d bea/1 ) long legs1 a %ambl+ gait1 "o or two humps on its oddly %ap5 back1 a small head1 ! upp] lip split 9 ! c5tre1 a long neck1 small e>s1 a du/y1 %aggy coat1 & a demeanor ( pati5t endurance4 ,buffon says t 8! camel is ! *ief treasure ( ! ,ea/40 ,g5tle & h>dy1 dem&+ b little food1 & t ( ! co>se/ description1--a few dates1 a few h&fuls ( gra91--capable ( go+ = days )\t wat]1 a /rong bea/ ( burd51 ?is is "o ( ! mo/ important memb]s ( an ,arab family4 ,! milk ( ! camel af=ds ! ,arab *eese1 & also a n\ri%+ dr9k2 ( ! animal's long hair is wov5 clo? = clo?+ & = t5t cov]+2 its fle% is us$ = food2 & across ! long1 hot1 arid /ret*es ( 8 des]t l&1 ! ,arab rides 9 safety1 seat$ on 8 t5t & h\sehold goods pil$ ^u ! back ( ?is 8%ip ( ! des]t40 ,f ! e>lie/ times ! camel has be5 ! only means ( convey+ travell]s & ,ea/]n commodities across ! des]t4 ,x travels ?irty or =ty miles a day1 "u ! hot sun1 c>ry+ a burd5 ( five hundr$ or six hundr$ p\nds4 ,camels h broad1 call\s soles ov] ! bottoms ( _! feet4 ,^! enable !m to tread firmly )\t s9k+ 9 ! des]t s&4 ,!re are also call\s knobs on _! knees & brea/s1 :i* protect !m z !y kneel to receive burd5s1 or sleep 9 a kneel+ position4 ,! tra9+ ( ! "y camel beg9s :5 x is b a few days old1 & x is taught to get along ) ! smalle/ possible all[ance ( food1 dr9k1 & sleep4 ,! /oma* ( ! camel is provid$ ) num]\s little sacs1 call$ wat]-cells2 ^! dra9 (f a consid]able quantity ( wat] :5 ! camel is dr9k+1 & reta9 x = sev]al days1 re/or+ x gradually to ! /oma*4 ,! camel seems to pref] co>se1 unsuccul5t1 dry food1 & burn+ sun%9e2 x nev] seeks ! %ade4 ,x is p]haps apa!tic1 r ?an g5tle2 x seems little impress$ by k9dness1 &1 l ! elephant1 has a long memory = injuries4 ,foll[+ ! camel 9 our m5ag]ies usually comes a v /range-look+ bea/1 ! talle/ ( all animals4 ,) its long neck1 small head1 & its habit ( br[s+ (f ! tree-tops1 x rem9ds u ( :at we h read ( t fossil bea/1 ! iguanodon4 ,?is is ! giraffe1 (t5 call$ ! camelop>d1 :i* "n is giv5 x because x has a some:at camel-l =m1 & ! beautiful spott$ sk9 ( a leop>d4 ,if we wat* a giraffe 9 a m5ag]ie1 we %all rem>k ! beauty ( its silky1 spott$ coat1 ! g5tl5ess ( its l>ge1 eag] eyes1 its two %ort horns cov]$ ) sk91 its e>s turn$ backw>d1 its long1 d>k tongue1 ) :i* x con/antly licks its lips & no/rils4 ,timid & mild1 ! giraffe %[s vexation only by paw+ ! gr\nd rapidly ) its =e ho(s2 x w b5d its /ately head to accept an apple or a c>rot f a little *ild1 & seems to =get ! days :5 x w&]$ ?r\gh ! ,african =e/s1 & br[s$ on fruit & leaves f ! tops ( ! trees4 ,! giraffe is "o ( ! swifte/ ( animals1 & x is almo/ impossible to take an adult alive4 ,!y are g5]ally captur$ :ile v "y1 & br\ght up on camels' milk1 until old en\gh to eat gra9 & gre5 fodd]4 ,! ,we/]n hemisph]e gives u no animal correspond+ to ! giraffe4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica ! llama 9 "s measure repres5ts & takes ! place ( ! camel2 b ! tall & beautiful giraffe /&s alone ( 8 k9d4 ,we n[ turn to ! f\r? family ( ! rum9ants1 di/+ui%$ by ! fact t !y %$ & r5ew _! horns4 ,! horns ( ! c[1 ox1 %eep1 antelope1 & goat are p]man5t4 ,if by any accid5t !y are lo/1 !y are n r5ew$2 b ! de] family %$ _! horns1 :i* inde$1 are n prop]ly call$ horns1 b antl]s4 ,antl]s are a horny gr[?1 l>ge & bran*+1 divid$ into :at are call$ t9es4 ,up to a c]ta9 age ^! antl]s gr[1 fall (f1 & are r5ew$ e ye>1 & !re is no mammal peculi>ity m wond]ful ?an ! rapid gr[? ( ^! l>ge frontal ornam5ts4 ,9 _m ( ! de] species ! male alone we>s ! antl]s4 ,9 ! re9de] family bo? males & females h ^! huge horny bran*es4 ,! de] family is di/+ui%$ = grace ( movem5t & beauty ( =m4 ,!y h smoo?1 close1 hairy coats1 b on ! brea/ ( ! male de] ! hair gr[s long & is call$ a be>d4 ,! eyes are l>ge1 cle>1 & bright1 full ( g5tle eag]ness1 & furni%$ on ! inn] corn] ) a curi\s holl[1 or gl&1 call$ ! te>-pit4 ,!y h small1 po9t$ e>s1 & %ort tails2 _! legs are slim1 & _! ho(s are small1 ! :ole animal be+ built = lightness 9 runn+4 ,ev5 ! antl]s are n ne>ly s heavy z !y look1 = !y are por\s & full ( air-cells4 ,! de] family is di/ribut$ ov] ! entire _w4 ,de] v>y 9 size f ! l>ge elk or moose1 ! royal /ag1 & ! magnific5t wapiti1 to ! small roe de]1 n s l>ge z a %eep1 & ! pigmy de]1 :i* is ! smalle/ ( all rum9ants1 & inde$1 is n l>g] ?an a h>e4 ,de] are vegetable-fe$]s1 & 9 ! colde/ climates are capable ( liv+ on li*5s1 & ! scantie/ f>e4 ,9 ! f> nor? re9de] or c>ib\s furni% ! *ief weal? ( ! p1 & s]ve in/ead ( c[s1 horses1 & %eep1 _! fle% & milk be+ ! *ief food-supply1 & _! sk9s furni%+ clo?+ & b$d+4 ,!y s]ve also z draught animals1 & pull sl$ges ov] ! sn[ ) incr$ible swiftness4 ,de] g5]ally live 9 h]ds2 ! "m is a mo/ vigilant & t5d] p>5t1 devot+ h]self to h] tw9 *ildr5 ) tireless c>e4 ,de] are di/+ui%$ = ! p]fection ( _! s5ses ( sight1 smell1 & he>+1 & z soon z "o ( a h]d discov]s any?+ t indicates dang]1 ! al>m is giv51 & away !y g4 ,! de] mo!rs1 :ile fe$+1 are con/antly al]t1 & hurry _! little ones (f at ! fir/ h9t ( dang]4 ,! g5]al disposition ( ! de] is amiable1 b ! old males sometimes fight furi\sly toge!r1 & if br\ght to bay by hunt]s1 def5d !mselves valiantly ) ho(s & horns4 ,pass+ n[ f ! ungulates1 we rea* a v well-kn[n ord] ( mammals1 call$ ! c>nivora1 or fle%-eat]s4 ,?is ord] is divid$ into two sub-ord]s1 ! p9nip$s1 or 8f9-foot$10 & ! fissip$s1 or 8slit-foot$40 ,9 our /udy ( ! seal we h _h ! be/ example ( ! f9-foot$1 or aquatic c>nivora4 ,br+ up y\r dog or y\r cat = a sample ( ! slit-foot$ fle%-eat]s4 ,ponto1 set y\r foot d[n firmly1 & let u look at x4 ,all ! toes are ( equal l5g?2 ! foot looks z if a r\ndi% foot _h be5 deeply slit into toes1 :i* are hairy up to ! nails4 ,! feet ( web-foot$ animals w\ld look l ?is if !y 7 n webb$4#ic ,^! slit-foot$1 or fissip$ creatures1 are divid$ into sev]al species1 & !re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 _! way ( tread+2 "s1 z ! cats1 walk on _! toes4 ,come "h1 kitty1 let u see y\r feet4 ,kitty c draw h] claws close into ! 8velvet10 or fur1 ( h] paw s t y w\ld n "k %e _h %>p nails4 ,z %e does ?is %e curls h] foot up into a cu%ion1 & walks on ! ends ( h] toes4 ,look at h] foot :5 %e /ret*es x2 h[ well y c see ! slit-foot arrangem5t & ! claw$ toes4 ,kitty is a mild & dome/ic repres5tative ( ! great1 fel9e race1 at ! head ( :i* /&s ! lion4 ,ponto1 on ! o!r h&1 is a civiliz$ & educat$ specim5 ( ! can9e race1 :i* numb]s among its memb]s ! wolf4 ,:ile kitty draws 9 h] claws & walks on h] toes1 ! be>s are :at is call$ plantigrade c>nivora1 = !y walk on ! flat soles ( _! feet4 ,^! c>nivora are all fle%-eat]s1 b :5 educat$ & ref9$1 l ,ponto & ,kitty1 !y w eat any k9d ( food4 ,among ! c>nivora we enum]ate lions1 tig]s1 be>s1 c\g>s1 hy5as1 pan!rs1 wolves1 jackals1 leop>ds1 cats1 dogs1 badg]s1 & _m m4 ,y see !y embrace all ! fi]ce/ & mo/ dang]\s wild bea/s1 z well z our dome/ic fri5ds1 ! cat & ! dog4 ,if y w op5 ,kitty's m\?1 or ,ponto's1 y w see :at /yle ( tee? ^! c>nivora h2 !y are made = te>+ fle%1 & are accompani$ by %>p claws = hold+ fa/ ! liv+ prey4 ,all ! c>nivora are s+ul>ly /rong1 agile1 & t5aci\s ( life4 ,! c>nivora are s v>i$ & int]e/+1 t we leave !m to be /udi$ else:]e1 & inde$ s we mu/ s]ve ! f9al ord] ( mammals--! primates4#id ,^! primates are divid$ into two sub-ord]s1 ! quadrumana1 or f\r-h&$ animals1 & ! human race4 ,_m sci5ti/s1 in/ead ( ! ord] primates1 ) ^! two sub-ord]s1 give u ! ord] quadrumana1 or monkeys1 & ! ord] bimana1 or man1 & t is ! bett] division4 ,! quadrumana1 or ape families1 conta9 a l>ge numb] ( curi\s & int]e/+ animals1 all natives ( tropical regions4 ,!y are hairy creatures1 ) ?ree k9ds ( tee?1 & are adapt$ = eat+ ne>ly all k9ds ( food4 ,!y are well kn[n to u 9 m5ag]ies1 & are frequ5tly se5 on our /reets1 fancifully dress$1 & 9 company ) a man & an organ1 surr\nd$ also by a gr\p ( admir+ *ildr54 8,h[ _m *ildr5 are !re 9 y\r family1 ,pi]re80 we "o day ask$ a bright little ,italian boy4 8,f\r1 & ! monkey1 signora40 8,b ! monkey1 ,pi]re1 does n c\nt ) ! *ildr540 8,o signora6 = c>e & tr\ble he c\nts m ?an ! *ildr56 ,he mu/ h ! w>me/ corn] & ! be/ food4 ,at night1 = w>m?1 he sleeps 9 my fa!r's arms4 ,he gets cold t5 times z (t5 z we d2 & if he gets a cold he mu/ h ! doctor1 = he is likely to die4 ,if he dies1 away g all our sav$ doll>s = m monkey6 ,graci\s6 ,o signora6 d y ?9k our fa!r w\ld let our monkey run r\nd 9 ! /reets & look out = 8 own d9n] z ,m>ie & ,i d8 ,! ?+ is impossible60 ,,! ,,end4 ,,footnotes3 #ib ,! animal call$ a buffalo 9 ,am]ica is n a buffalo1 b a bison4 ,! buffalo ( ,india & ,italy is ! ,bubalus1 ! buffalo ( ! ,we/]n pla9s is ! bison4 ,! l>ge1 wild bison ( ,g]many is call$ ! ,auro*s4 ,all ^! animals belong to ! family ,bovid4 #ic ,if we exam9e ! toes ( ! cat & dog1 we %all see t ! sk9 ext5ds web-l p>tly up ! toe bones4 #id ,x has be5 impossible 9 s small a book to discuss ) any m9ut5ess ! subjects notic$ 9 ! clos+ *apt]s4 ,x is hop$ t ! h9ts giv5 w incite pupils to /udy & obs]ve ! dome/ic animals ( :i* we see s mu* & "k s little4 ,,sea-,,side ,,& ,,way-,,side4 ,,book ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,illu/ration f ,,no4 #a4--,,mr4 ,,& ,,mrs4 ,,crab4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,lesson4 ,i4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,crab4 ,,ii4 ,mr4 ,crab & 8 ,h\se4 ,,iii4 ,m ab\t ,mr4 ,crab4 ,,iv4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,crab get ,new ,coats4 ,v4 ,:at ! ,crab does4 ,,vi4 ,mr4 ,crab & 8 ,fri5ds4 ,,vii4 ,"s ,o!r ,crabs4 ,,viii4 ,! ,h]mit ,crab4 ,,ix4 ,! ,crab's ,enemies4 ,x4 ,! ,uses ( ,crabs4 ,,xi4 ,mrs4 ,wasp & h] ,home4 ,,xii4 ,:at ,mrs4 ,wasp c d4 ,,xiii4 ,a ,look at ,mrs4 ,wasp4 ,,xiv4 ,mrs4 ,wasp's ,ye>4 ,,xv4 ,mrs4 ,wasp at ,home4 ,,xvi4 ,review4 ,,xvii4 ,! ,bee & ! ,man4 ,,xviii4 ,h[ ! ,bee is ,made4 ,,xix4 ,! ,bee at ,home4 ,,xx4 ,! ,bee ,babies4 ,,xxi4 ,! ,bee ,w>4 ,,xxii4 ,! ,bee's ,"w4 ,,xxiii4 ,! ,wise ,bees4 ,,xxiv4 ,e>? ,bees4 ,,xxv4 ,o!r ,bees4 ,,xxvi4 ,m ab\t ,bees4 ,,xxvii4 ,! ,spid] & 8 ,dress4 ,,xxviii4 ,! ,spid] at ,home4 ,,xxix4 ,! ,little ,ne/4 ,,xxx4 ,! ,spid] & 8 ,food4 ,,xxxi4 ,v ,que] ,spid]s4 ,,xxxii4 ,review4 ,,xxxiii4 ,out ( ,h>m's ,way4 ,,xxxiv4 ,%ell-,fi%4 ,,xxxv4 ,! ,/ory ( ,mr4 ,con*4 ,,xxxvi4 ,sea-,babies4 ,,xxxvii4 ,m ab\t ,sea-,babies4 ,,xxxviii4 ,ab\t ,mr4 ,drill4 ,,xxxix4 ,! ,/ory ( a ,w>4 ,,xl4 ,h[ ,%ell-,fi% ,fe$4 ,,xli4 ,review4 ,,book ,i4 #ie pages4 #cb illu/rations4 #cj cts4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,illu/ration f ,,no4 #b4--,,! ,,p>asol ,,ants4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,lesson4 ,i4 ,a ,look at an ,ant4 ,,ii4 ,! ,life ( an ,ant4 ,,iii4 ,! ,ant's ,home4 ,,iv4 ,! ,ants at ,home4 ,v4 ,! ,ants on a ,trip4 ,,vi4 ,! ,f>m] ,ants4 ,,vii4 ,ants & _! ,trades4 ,,viii4 ,! ,slave ,ants4 ,,ix4 ,wond] ,ants4 ,x4 ,! ,ways ( ,ants4 ,,xi4 ,mr4 ,worm & 8 ,family4 ,,xii4 ,! ,e>?-worm at ,home4 ,,xiii4 ,mr4 ,worm at ,"w4 ,,xiv4 ,mr4 ,worm's ,cottage by ! ,sea4 ,,xv4 ,mr4 ,worm at ,home4 ,,xvi4 ,a ,look at a ,h\se-,fly ,,xvii4 ,h[ to ,look at a ,fly4 ,,xviii4 ,mrs4 ,fly & h] ,foes4 ,,xix4 ,( :at ,use are ,flies4 ,,xx4 ,a ,sw>m ( ,flies4 ,,xxi4 ,"s ,que] ,flies4 ,,xxii4 ,9 ,armor ,clad4 ,,xxiii4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,beetle 0 ,"y4 ,,xxiv4 ,h[ to ,le>n ab\t ,beetles4 ,,xxv4 ,! ,rose ,beetle4 ,,xxvi4 ,pr9ces & ,giants4 ,,xxvii4 ,! ,little ,sexton4 ,,xxxviii4 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,/ag ,beetle4 ,,xxix4 ,mr4 ,beetle ,seeks = a ,home4 ,,xxx4 ,! ,little ,wat]-,m54 ,,xxxi4 ,:irligig ,beetles4 ,,xxxii4 ,:at a ,fi%]man ,told4 ,,xxxiii4 ,mr4 ,b>nacle & 8 ,son4 ,,xxxiv4 ,a ,fi%+ ,p>ty4 ,,xxxv4 ,a ,la/ ,look at ,mr4 ,b>nacle4 ,,xxxvi4 ,fl[]s ( ! ,sea4 ,,xxxvii4 ,! ,life ( a ,jelly-,fi%4 ,,xxxviii4 ,sea-,/>s4 ,,xxxix4 ,a ,sea-,*ange4 ,,xl4 ,! ,/>-,fi% ) an ,ov]coat4 ,,xli4 ,! ,fly+ ,fl[]s4 ,,xlii4 ,"u ! ,wat]4 ,,xliii4 ,a ,happy ,*ange4 ,,xliv4 ,! ,dragon-,fly & 8 ,c\s9s4 ,,xlv4 ,! ,w+s ( ! ,dragon4 ,review ,lessons4 ,,book ,,ii4 #ahd pages4 #ci illu/rations4 #dj cts4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,illu/ration f ,,no4 #c4--;,,beaks4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,lesson4 ,i4 ,! ,great ,"m4 ,,ii4 ,! ,e>?'s ,elde/ ,*ild4 ,,iii4 ,a ,look at a ,plant4 ,,iv4 ,a ,ye> 9 a ,plant's ,life4 ,v4 ,! ,gr[? ( ,plants4 ,,vi4 ,! ,food ( ,plants4 ,,vii4 ,se$s & ,leaves4 ,,viii4 ,! ,color ( ,plants4 ,,ix4 ,! ,motion ( ,plants4 ,x4 ,plants & _! ,p>tn]s4 ,,xi4 ,air1 ,wat]1 & ,s& ,plants4 ,,xxii4 ,plants t eat ,animals4 ,,xiii4 ,wea!r ,prophet ,plants4 ,,xiv4 ,plant ,clocks4 ,,xv4 ,! ,s*ool ,cab9et4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,old ,man ( ! ,mead[4 ,,xvii4 ,! ,life ( ! ,old ,man4 ,,xviii4 ,! ,robb] ,c\s94 ,,xix4 ,! ,m]ry ,c\s9s4 ,,xx4 ,que] ,cricket4 ,,xix4 ,o!r ,hopp]s4 ,,xxii4 ,a ,real ,live ,fairy4 ,,xxiii4 ,! ,*ild ( ! ,day4 ,,xxiv4 ,life ,among ,sn[ & ,roses4 ,,xxv4 ,joseph's ,coat4 ,,xxvi4 ,c\s9 ,mo?4 ,,xxvii4 ,! ,*ild ( ! ,night4 ,,xxviii4 ,! ,bird4 ,,xxix4 ,beaks & ,claws4 ,,xxx4 ,trees1 ,gr\nd1 & ,wat] ,birds4 ,,xxxi4 ,on ! ,w+4 ,,xxxii4 ,ne/ ,build+4 ,,xxxiii4 ,! ,bird at ,home4 ,,xxxiv4 ,birds ( ,song4 ,,xxxv4 ,! ,o!r ,p>tn]4 ,,xxxvi4 ,a ,brigade ( ,birds4 ,,xxxvii4 ,! ,birds 9 ! ,woods4 ,,xxxviii4 ,! ,birds 9 ! ,h\se4 ,,xxxix4 ,! ,lo/ ,birds4 ,,xl4 ,! ,f9 ,family ,,xli4 ,outside & ,inside4 ,,xlii4 ,:]e !y live4 ,,xliii4 ,h[ !y ,behave4 ,,xliv4 ,fry & ,s*ool4 ,,xlv4 ,scales & ,tee?4 ,,xlvi4 ,big & ,little ,bro!rs4 ,,book ,,iii4 #cjj pages4 #bi illu/rations4 #ej cts4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,illu/ration f ,,no4 #d4--,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,! ,,p9e4 ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,e>? ,build+4 ,,ii4 ,! ,fir/ ,cont95t4 ,,iii4 ,! ,age ( ,crabs & ,corals4 ,,iv4 ,! ,p9es & ! ,reptiles4 ,v4 ,! ,palm & ! ,man4 ,,vi4 ,! ,/>ry ,heav5s4 ,,vii4 ,a ,fragm5t ( ! ,milky ,way4 ,,viii4 ,plan & ,progression4 ,,ix4 ,! ,k+ ( ! ,day4 ,x4 ,! ,que5 ( ! ,night4 ,,xi4 ,vani%$ ,fauna4 ,,xii4 ,a ,m\nta9 ( ,fossils4 ,,xiii4 ,writt5 9 ,rocks4 ,,xiv4 ,footpr9ts 9 ! ,s&4 ,,xv4 ,! ,w9t] ( ! ,_w4 ,,xvi4 ,fossil ,crabs4 ,,xvii4 ,/one-,fi% & ,/one-,lilies4 ,,xviii4 ,long-,buri$ ,reptiles4 ,,xix4 ,birds ( o!r ,ages4 ,,xx4 ,! ,e>ly ,mammals4 ,,xxi4 ,v ,old ,families4 ,,xxii4 ,! ,m>vel 9 ,mail4 ,,xxiii4 ,! ,wond]ful ,build]4 ,,xxiv4 ,an ,opossum ,hunt4 ,,xxv4 ,a ,new ,fa%ion ( ,pappoose4 ,,xxvi4 ,l[ ,d[n 9 ! ,scale4 ,,xxvii4 ,) a ,duck's ,bill4 ,,xxviii4 ,9 ,au/ralian ,riv]s4 ,,xxix4 ,a ,walk ,among ,wond] ,trees4 ,,xxx4 ,/ill 9 ! ,wond] ,grove4 ,,xxxi4 ,a ,noisy ,family4 ,,xxxii4 ,! ,frogs' ,c\s94 ,,xxxiii4 ,salam&]s4 ,,xxxiv4 ,a ,citiz5 ( ! ,m>% ,l&s4 ,,xxxv4 ,a ,/rang] f ,mexico4 ,,xxxvi4 ,"s ,m]ry ,little ,fri5ds4 ,,xxxvii4 ,! ,anci5t ,mon/]4 ,,xxxviii4 ,el ,lag>to4 ,,xxxix4 ,wis] ?an any ,bea/ ( ! ,field4 ,,xl4 ,our ,common ,enemy4 ,,xli4 ,) a ,h\se on ,8 ,back4 ,,xlii4 ,a ,real ,live ,m]maid4 ,,xliii4 ,great ,:ales ,also4 ,,xliv4 ,a ,seal-,sk9 ,cloak4 ,,xlv4 ,fly+ ,mammals4 ,,xlvi4 ,ord] out ( ,confusion4 ,,xlvii4 ,nibbl]s4 ,,xlviii4 ,gnaw]s4 ,,xlix4 ,! ,?ick ,sk9s4 ,l4 ,! ,rum9ants4 ,,book ,,iv4 #cgj pages4 #bh illu/rations4 #fj c5ts4 ,,ricks' ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,object ,,lessons4 ,,"p ,i4--,,plants ,,& ,,animals4 ,,*apt]4 ,i4 ,introduction4 ,,ii4 ,a ,typical ,plant4 ,,iii4 ,g5]al ,classification ( ,plants4 ,,iv4 ,m9ute ,/ructure ( ,plants4 ,v4 ,roots & _! ,functions4 ,,vi4 ,/ems & _! ,uses4 ,,vii4 ,leaves & ,buds4 ,,viii4 ,fl[]s1 _! ,p>ts & ,uses4 ,,ix4 ,fruits & ,se$s4 ,x4 ,! ,palm ,trees4 ,,xi4 ,c]eals1 ! ,sug>-,cane1 etc4 ,,xii4 ,/>*es4 ,,xiii4 ,oils & ,fats4 ,,xiv4 ,gums1 ,res9s1 ,gum-,res9s1 etc4 ,,xv4 ,cotton1 ,hemp1 ,flax1 ,jute4 ,,xvi4 ,pap]4 ,,xvii4 ,blea*+ & ,dye+4 ,,xviii4 ,tea1 ,c(fee & ,*ocolate4 ,,xix4 ,spices4 ,,xx4 ,opium1 ,qu99e & ,camphor4 ,,xxi4 ,indigo1 ,oak-,galls1 etc4 ,,xxii4 ,classification ( ,animals4 ,,xxiii4 & ,,xxiv4 ,classification ( ,v]tebrata4 ,,xxv4 ,classification ( ,inv]tebrata4 ,,xxvi4 ,cov]+s ( ,v]tebrate ,animals4 ,,xxvii4 ,! ,bony ,skeleton & its ,modifications4 ,,xxviii4 ,tee?1--,v>ieties & ,uses4 ,,xxix4 ,tongues4 ,,xxx4 ,tails & _! ,uses4 ,,xxxi4 ,! ,pr9cipal ,int]nal ,organs ( ,animals4 ,,"p ,,ii4--,,specim5 ,,lessons4 ,,lesson4 ,i4 ,paws & ,claws4 ,,ii4 ,cocoa-,nut4 ,,iii4 ,cotton & ,wool4 ,,iv4 ,an ,egg4 ,v4 ,acorn & ,hazel-,nut4 ,,vi4 ,milk4 ,,vii4 ,onion1 ,turnip1 ,c>rot4 ,,viii4 ,cat & ,dog4 ,,ix4 ,d[n4 ,x4 ,a ,quill ,fea!r4 ,,xi4 ,gutta ,p]*a4 ,,xii4 ,leaves4 ,,xiii41 ,,xiv4 & ,,xv4 ,/>*4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,horse4 ,,xvii4 ,! ,c[ & ! ,%eep4 ,,xviii4 ,honey & ,wax4 ,,xix4 ,ivory4 ,,xx4 & ,,xxi4 ,se$s & ,se$l+s4 ,,xxii4 ,olive ,oil4 ,,xxiii4 ,lib]4 ,,xxiv4 ,mammals & ,birds4 ,,xxv4 ,reptiles & ,fi%es4 ,,xxvi4 ,mammals4 ,,xxvii4 ,*ew+ ! ,cud4 ,,xxviii4 ,horns & _! ,uses4 ,,xxix4 ,p>ts ( a ,fl[]4 ,,xxx4 ,birds' ,ne/s4 ,,xxxi4 ,! ,h$gehog4 ,,xxxii4 ,:ale ,oil4 ,,xxxiii4 ,lea!r4 ,,xxxiv4 ,! ,mole4 ,,xxxv4 ,cotton4 ,,xxxvi4 ,v]tebrata & ,inv]tebrata4 ,,xxxvii4 ,! ,cockroa*4 ,,xxxviii4 ,! ,e>?worm4 ,,xxxix4 ,spid]'s ,?reads4 ,,xl4 ,blea*+4 ,,xli4 ,! ,rat & ,8 ,relatives4 ,,xlii4 ,beaks ( ,birds4 ,,xliii4 & ,,xliv4 ,snakes4 ,,xlv4 & ,,xlvi4 ,fi%es4 ,,xlvii4 ,insects--,=m & ,/ructure4 ,,xlviii4 ,insects--,b5efits & ,injuries4 ,,xlix4 ,insects1--,metamorphosis4 ,l4 ,insects1 ,legs & ,feet4 ,,li4 ,insect & ,spid]4 ,,lii4-,,liv4 ,legs & ,feet1--,mammals4 ,,lv4-,,lvi4 ,legs & ,feet1--,birds4 ,,lvii4 ,fl\r4 ,,lviii4 ,! ,frog4 ,,lix4 ,! ,frog1--,life ,hi/ory4 ,,lx4 & ,,lxi4 ,eggs4 ,,lxii4 ,snails4 ,,lxiii4 ,snails--,:elk & ,p]iw9kle4 ,,lxiv4 ,snails4 ,,lxv4 ,! ,amoeba & ,=am9if]a4 ,,lxvi4 ,! ,hydra4 ,,lxvii4 ,sea ,anemones & ,corals4 ,,lxviii4 ,plant ,factories4 #ceb pages4 #aba illu/rations & sev5 plates4 ,clo? #a4ej4 ,,elem5t>y ,,sci5ce4 ,natural ,hi/ory ,object ,lessons4 ,a ,manual = ,tea*]s4 ,by ,,geo4 ,,ricks1 ,inspector ( ,s*ools1 ,london ,s*ool ,bo>d4 ,clo?4 #ceb pages4 ,retail price1 #a4ej4 ,guides = ,sci5ce-,tea*+4 ,publi%$ "u ! auspices ( ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,= tea*]s :o desire to practically in/ruct classes 9 ,natural ,hi/ory1 & design$ to supply su* in=mation z !y are n likely to get f any o!r s\rce4 #bf to #bjj pages ea*4 ,pap]4 ,i4 ,,hyatt',s ,,ab\t ,,pebbles1 #aj cts4 ,,ii4 ,,goodale',s ,,few ,,common ,,plants1 #bj cts4 ,,iii4 ,,hyatt',s ,,sponges1 #bj c5ts4 ,,iv4 ,,agassiz',s ,,fir/ ,,lesson ,,9 ,,natural ,,hi/ory1 #be cts4 ,v4 ,,hyatt',s ,,coral ,,& ,,e*9od]ms1 #cj cts4 ,,vi4 ,,hyatt',s ,,mollusca1 #cj cts4 ,,vii4 ,,hyatt',s ,,worms ,,& ,,cru/acea1 #cj cts4 ,,viii4 ,,hyatt',s ,,insects4 ,,xii4 ,,crosby',s ,,common ,,m9]als ,,& ,,rocks1 #dj cts4 ,clo?1 #fj cts4 ,,xiii4 ,,ri*>ds' ,,fir/ ,,lessons ,,9 ,,m9]als1 #aj cts4 ,,xiv4 ,,b[dit*',s ,,h9ts ,,= ,,tea*]s ,,on ,,physiology1 #bj cts4 ,,xv4 ,,clapp',s ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,common ,,m9]als1 #cj cts4 ,note ,book4 ,to accompany ,sci5ce ,guide ,no4 ,,xv4 ,pap]4 #dh pages1 rul$ & pr9t$4 ,price1 #ae c5ts4 ,sci5ce tea*+ 9 ! ,s*ools4 ,by ,,wm4 ,n4 ,,rice1 ,pr(4 ( ,geology1 ,wesleyan ,univ41 ,conn4 ,pap]4 #df pp4 ,price1 #be cts4 ,elem5t>y ,c\rse 9 ,practical ,zoology4 ,by ,b4 ,p4 ,,colton1 ,a4 ,m41 ,pr(essor ( ,sci5ce1 ,ill9ois ,normal ,univ]sity4 ,clo?4 #aif pages4 ,price by mail1 #he cts42 ,introduction price1 #hj cts4 ,fir/ ,book ( ,geology4 ,by ,n4 ,s4 ,,%al]1 ,pr(essor ( ,palontology1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 #bgb pages1 ) #acj figures 9 ! text4 ,price by mail1 #a4aj2 ,introduction price1 #a4jj4 ,! ,tea*+ ( ,geology4 ,by ,n4 ,s4 ,,%al]1 au?or ( ,fir/ ,book 9 ,geology4 ,pap]4 #gd pages4 ,price1 #be c5ts4 ,a/ronomical ,lant]n & ,h[ to ,f9d ! ,/>s4 ,by ,,rev4 ,,james ,,freeman ,,cl>ke4 ,int5d$ to famili>ize /ud5ts ) ! con/ellations1 by comp>+ !m ) fac-similes on ! lant]n face4 ,price ( ! ,lant]n1 9 improv$ =m1 ) sev5te5 slides & a copy ( 8,,h[ ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,/>s10 #d4ej4 8,,h[ ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,/>s10 sep>ately4 ,pap]4 #dg pages4 ,price #ae cts4 ,/udies 9 ,nature & ,language ,lessons4 ,by ,,pr(4 ,t4 ,,b]ry ,,smi?1 ( ,c5tral ,college1 ,fayette1 ,mo4 ,a comb9ation ( simple natural-hi/ory object-lessons1 ) elem5t>y "w 9 language4 ,bo>ds4 #aba pages4 ,price1 #ej cts4 ,p>ts ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,bo>ds4 #dh pages4 ,price1 #bj cts4 ,d4 ,c4 ,,hea? 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,,co41 ,publi%]s1 ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 & ,london4 ,:y %\ld ,tea*]s ,read ! ,lit]ature ( _! ,pr(ession8 #a4 ,because no man c /& high 9 any pr(ession :o is n famili> ) its hi/ory & lit]ature4 #b4 ,because x saves "t :i* might be wa/$ 9 try+ exp]im5ts t h already be5 tri$ & f\nd useless4 ,compayr's ,hi/ory ( ,p$agogy4 8,! be/ & mo/ compreh5sive hi/ory ( ,education 9 ,engli%40--,dr4 ,g4 ,s4 ,,hall4 #a4ge ,compayr's ,lectures on ,tea*+4 8,! be/ book 9 exi/5ce on ! !ory & practice ( ,education40--,supt4 ,,macalli/]1 ,philadelphia4 #a4ge ,gill's ,sy/em ( ,education4 8,x treats ably ( ! ,lanca/] & ,bell movem5t 9 ,education--a v important phase40--,dr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,h>ris4 #a4be ,rade/ock's ,habit 9 ,education4 8,x w prove a r>e #8f9d' to tea*]s :o are seek+ to gr\nd !mselves 9 ! philosophy ( _! art40--,e4 ,h4 ,,russell1 ,worce/] ,normal4 #j4ge ,r\sseau's ,emile4 8,p]haps ! mo/ influ5tial book ev] writt5 on ! subject ( ,education40--,r4 ,h4 ,,quick4 #j4ij ,pe/alozzi's ,leon>d & ,g]trude4 8,if we except #8,emile' only1 no m important educational book has appe>$1 = a c5tury & a half1 ?an #8,leon>d & ,g]trude4'0--,! ,nation4 #j4ij ,ri*t]'s ,levana2 or ! ,doctr9e ( ,education4 8,a spirit$ & s*ol>ly book40--,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,payne4 #a4dj ,rosm9i's ,me?od 9 ,education4 8,! mo/ important p$agogical "w ev] writt540--,,?omas ,,davidson4 #a4ej ,malleson's ,e>ly ,tra9+ ( ,*ildr54 8,! be/ book = mo!rs ,i ev] read40--,,elizabe? ,p4 ,,peabody4 #j4ge ,hall's ,bibliography ( ,p$agogical ,lit]ature4 ,cov]s e dep>tm5t ( ,education4 #a4ej ,peabody's ,home1 ,k9d]g>t5 & ,prim>y ,s*ool ,education4 8,! be/ book outside ( ! ,bible ,i ev] read40--,a ,,lead+ ,,tea*]4 #a4jj ,new%olme's ,s*ool ,hygi5e4 ,already 9 use 9 ! lead+ tra9+ colleges 9 ,engl&4 #j4ge ,de,garmo's ,ess5tials ( ,me?od4 8,x has z mu* s\nd ?\ght to ! squ>e in* z any?+ ,i "k ( 9 p$agogics40--,supt4 ,,balliet1 ,spr+field1 ,mass4 #j4fe ,hall's ,me?ods ( ,tea*+ ,hi/ory4 8,its excell5ce & helpfulness ought to secure x _m read]s40--,! ,nation4 #a4ej ,seidel's ,indu/rial ,education4 8,x answ]s triumphantly all objections to ! introduction ( manual tra9+ to ! public s*ools40--,,*>les ,h4 ,,ham1 ,*icago4 #j4ij ,badlam's ,sugge/ive ,lessons on ,language & ,read+4 8,! book is all t x claims to be & m4 ,x ab\nds 9 mat]ial t w be ( s]vice to ! progressive tea*]40--,supt4 ,,dutton1 ,new ,hav54 #a4ej ,r$way's ,tea*]s' ,manual ( ,geography4 8,its h9ts to tea*]s are invaluable1 :ile its *apt]s on #8,mod]n ,facts & ,anci5t ,fancies' w be a revelation to _m40--,,alex4 ,e4 ,,frye1 ,au?or ( 8,! ,*ild 9 ,nature40 #j4fe ,ni*ols' ,topics 9 ,geography4 8,conta9s excell5t h9ts & sugge/ions ( incalculable aid to s*ool tea*]s40--,oakl& 7,cal47 ,tribune4 #j4fe ,d4 ,c4 ,,hea? 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