,,h&-,,book ,,( ,,punctuation1 ,,) ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,capitalization1 ,,lett]-,,writ+1 ,,& ,,pro(-,,read+1 ,,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,cock]1 ,a4 ,m4 ,illu/ration ,a4 ,s4 ,,b>nes ,,co41 ,,new ,,york1 ,,*icago1 ,,& ,,new ,,orleans4 #ahgh4 ,copyright1 #ahgh1 by ,w4 ,j4 ,cock]4 ,,preface4 ,z ! pronunciation ( words is det]m9$ by ! usage ( ! be/ speak]s1 s1 9 a great measure1 ! punctuation ( s5t5ces is bas$ on ! usage ( ! be/ writ]s4 ,recogniz+ ?is fact1 ! au?or has aim$1-- #a4 ,to /ate su* g5]al rules z are recogniz$ by mo/ writ]s ( good ,engli%4 #b4 ,to illu/rate ^! rules by examples tak5 f _m ( our be/ ,engli% classics4 #c4 ,to give "s ( ! diff]5ces 9 usage t exi/ ev5 among ! be/ ( writ]s4 ,x is frequ5tly ass]t$ t ev5 good writ]s diff] s mu* 9 _! use ( punctuation m>ks t x is impossible to lay d[n any g5]al rules1 & t x is bett] = ea* "o to consult 8 own ta/e & judgm5t4 ,) equal reason x might be said t inasmu* z good speak]s1 & ev5 lexicograph]s1 diff] 9 ! pronunciation ( words1 !re=e ea* speak] %\ld make 8 own ta/e & judgm5t ! /&>d = correct pronunciation4 ,a writ]'s mode ( express+ 8 ?\ghts w det]m9e ! "* & numb] ( ! punctuation m>ks t he uses1 & x is *iefly ow+ to ?is t ev5 good writ]s diff] some:at 9 punctuat+ :at !y h writt54 ,!re are "s rules t are inv>iable "u all circum/ances2 ! use ( o!rs dep5ds on ! m5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! writ]2 & !re are /ill o!r rules1 ! application ( :i* is det]m9$ by ! writ]'s ta/e alone4 ,by ge/ures1 tones ( voice1 oratorical pauses1 emphasis1 & 9 v>i\s ways1 a speak] c make 8 mean+ cle> to 8 li/5]s2 & s a writ] %\ld c]ta9ly use all ! aids :i* punctuation1 capitals1 & italics af=d1 9 pres5t+ cle>ly :at he has writt5 = ! p]usal ( o!rs4 ,bus9ess m51 h[ev]1 seem to ?9k t !y are n am5able to ! rules t gov]n good writ]s4 ,!y affirm t !y h no "t to punctuate _! lett]s1 & yet !y subject o!rs to ! necessity ( exp5d+ "t & pati5ce 9 try+ to make out _! mean+4 ,s]i\s misund]/&+s h aris5 betwe5 bus9ess m51 9 consequ5ce ( ! omission or incorrect use ( punctuation m>ks1 & exp5sive lawsuits h orig9at$ 9 ! c>eless punctuation ( legal in/rum5ts4 ,v little att5tion is paid 9 our public s*ools to punctuation1 & ! rules usually giv5 9 ,engli% ,composition are ei!r disreg>d$ or n prop]ly und]/ood4 ,?is may1 p]haps1 be acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ! rules are want+ 9 cle>ness1 & are n suffici5tly illu/rat$ by examples4 ,! aim ( ?is volume is to rem$y1 9 "s measure1 ^! evils1 & to secure m att5tion to :at ought to be a prom95t "p ( s*ool in/ruction4 ,! evils ( bad punctuation are really m s]i\s ?an ! evils ( bad spell+1 & no /ud5t c be said to h le>n$ to read well1 mu* less to write well1 :o has n /udi$ punctuation intellig5tly4 ,we w\ld sugge/ t ?is h&-book be us$ at ,rhetorical ,ex]cises1 & t :5 essays1 orations1 criticisms1 c41 are h&$ to ! tea*] = correction1 he %\ld use a r$ or a blue p5cil1 s t corrections may be ! m readily recogniz$4 ,besides ! corrections 9 gramm>1 spell+1 c41 he %\ld be c>eful to supply punctuation m>ks :5 ne$$1 cross out ne$less ones1 &1 ( c\rse1 make su* o!r corrections z may be necess>y4 ,:5 ! productions are return$ to ! pupils1 ! tea*] %\ld fir/ po9t out ! necessity ( us+ c]ta9 m>ks1 9 ord] to def9e & br+ out ! mean+1 & to %[ ! relation betwe5 ! diff]5t memb]s ( a s5t5ce4 ,hav+ ?us %[n ! ne$ ( punctuation m>ks1 !n ref]5ce %\ld be made to "s ( ! simpl] rules1 to impress ?is ne$ on ! m9d4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 n to p]plex ! m9d ) too _m rules be=e ! necessity is creat$ = _! use4 ,! great difficulty 9 ! /udy ( punctuation has be5 t _m rules are committ$ to memory be=e ! ne$ ( _! use has aris51 s t ! m9d is p]plex$ & bewild]$ in/ead ( enlight5$4 ,! rule1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 does n create ! necessity2 ! necessity creates ! rule4 ,!n1 aga91 we ?9k a great mi/ake is made by hav+ ! beg9n] punctuate :at "s "o else has writt54 ,! bett] plan is = ! pupil1 at ! v outset1 to punctuate :at he himself has compos$1 & 9 8 ef=t to br+ out 8 own mean+ cle>ly1 he w1 ) ! aid ( a few rules1 almo/ intuitively fall into ! habit ( punctuat+ correctly4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions may be ( s]vice3-- #a4 ,d n give a pupil a rule to le>n1 unless x is cle>ly f\nd$ ^u examples tak5 f :at he himself has writt54 #b4 ,take1 at fir/1 ! simple/1 mo/ frequ5tly us$1 & mo/ readily und]/ood rules4 #c4 ,advance sl[ly1 rememb]+ t a few simple pr9ciples cle>ly und]/ood1 are ( mu* m practical b5efit ?an a numb] ( mi/y rules ha/ily committ$ to memory4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is h&-book1 ! au?or is "u obligations to v>i\s au?orities1 b he is m especially indebt$ to ,wilson's 8,treatise on ,punctuation40 ,w4 ,j4 ,,cock]4 ,,adrian1 ,mi*41 ,dec4 #bf1 #ahgg4 ,illu/ration ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,,punctuation pp4 #a-ec ,,ii4 ,,capitals 0 #ed-gj ,,iii4 ,,lett]-,,=ms 0 #ga-ajj ,,iv4 ,,pro(-,,read+ 0 #aja-aad ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,punctuation4 ,introduction4 ,! pr9cipal punctuation m>ks are1-- #a4 ,! ,comma 1 #b4 ,! ,semicolon 2 #c4 ,! ,colon 3 #d4 ,! ,p]iod 4 ,! comma indicates a some:at close relation%ip betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce2 ! semicolon1 a m di/ant relation%ip2 ! colon indicates t ! p>ts are almo/ indep5d5t ( ea* o!r2 ! p]iod m>ks ! close ( a s5t5ce1 & indicates t a ?\ght is complete4 ,9 simple s5t5ces1 :5 ! words are closely unit$ toge!r1 & ! relation%ip ( ! words to ea* o!r is readily p]ceiv$1 !re is usually no ne$ ( any punctuation m>ks1 except a p]iod at ! close4 ,x %\ld always be borne 9 m9d t punctuation m>ks are us$ prim>ily to assi/ 9 br++ out ! mean+ ( ! writ]1 & n to embelli% a writt5 or a pr9t$ page4 ,9 s5t5ces made up ( p>ts t are closely relat$ to ea* o!r1 b1 at ! same "t1 di/9ct 9 "*1 commas %\ld be us$4 ,!y are way-m>ks = ! accommodation ( ! read]4 ,a production unpunctuat$ pres5ts z dre>y a prospect to ! read]1 z ! level pla9 ( ,*alda pres5ts to ! p]plex$ travel] :o has lo/ himself among ! s&y m\nds on ! banks ( ! ,euphrates1 & has no?+ by :i* to direct 8 c\rse4 ,:5 ! diff]5t p>ts ( a s5t5ce are some:at disconnect$1 & n closely relat$ to ea* o!r1 a semicolon or colon %\ld be us$4 ,s5t5ces are sometimes v long & complicat$4 ,x is !n necess>y to sep>ate ! ma9 divisions by semicolons1 & ! small] by commas4 ,sometimes ! small] p>ts ( a s5t5ce are sep>at$ by commas & semicolons1 & ! ma9 divisions by colons4 ,! o!r m>ks 9 use are1-- #a4 ,! ,int]rogation ,po9t 8 #b4 ,! ,exclamation ,po9t 6 #c4 ,! ,da% -- #d4 ,m>ks ( ,p>5!sis 7 7 #e4 ,brackets #f4 ,quotation ,m>ks 8 #8 ' 0 #g4 ,! ,apo/rophe ' #h4 ,! ,hyph5 - #i4 ,miscellane\s m>ks4 ,,! ,,comma4 ,,introductory ,,rem>ks4 ,9 ord] to prop]ly und]/& "s ( ! rules t are giv5 9 ! foll[+ pages1 x is absolutely necess>y to h a cle> und]/&+ ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 a s5t5ce & a clause4 ,a s5t5ce is a comb9ation ( words express+ a complete ?\ght1 & usually foll[$ by a p]iod2 a clause is a di/9ct "p ( a s5t5ce4 ,"s s5t5ces are simple 9 =m1 & h b "o subject & "o f9ite v]b2 z1 8,language is "p ( a man's "*40--,col]idge4 ,o!r s5t5ces are made up ( clauses1 ea* clause hav+ a subject & a v]b2 9 o!r words1 sev]al clauses are sometimes jo9$ toge!r to =m "o s5t5ce2 z1 8,new =ms ( beauty />t at once into exi/5ce1 & all ! burial places ( ! memory give up _! dead40--,macaulay4 ,x w be easily se5 t clauses w be m readily recogniz$ ) ! eye1 & m easily compreh5d$1 if !y are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by punctuation m>ks4 ,?is w be especially s1 if ! clauses are long4 ,9 prep>+ ?is h&-book1 ! aim has be5 to avoid1 z mu* z possible1 ! use ( te*nical t]ms4 ,:5ev] su* t]ms are us$1 explanations w usually be f\nd "u ! head ( ,rem>ks4 ,,rule ,i4 ,indep5d5t ,clauses4--,indep5d5t clauses %\ld be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by commas4 ,,examples4 8,savage 0 discompos$ by ! intrusion or omission ( a comma1 & he w\ld lam5t an error ( a s+le lett] z a great calamity40--,dr4 ,johnson4 8,man wants b little "h bel[1 ,nor wants t little long40--,goldsmi?4 8,take %ort views1 hope = ! be/1 & tru/ 9 ,god40--,sydney ,smi?4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,an indep5d5t clause is "o t is n dep5d5t on any o!r clause = ! completion ( its mean+2 z1 ,take %ort views hope = ! be/ & tru/ 9 ,god4 ,indep5d5t clauses are frequ5tly connect$ by &1 or1 nor1 b4 #b4 ,:5 ! clauses are %ort & closely unit$1 ! comma may be omitt$2 z1 8,dea? _h lo/ its t]rors & pleasure its *>ms40 #c4 ,:5 ! clauses are long & divid$ into small] portions by commas1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by semicolons4 ,see ,rule ,i4 p4 #bc4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,dep5d5t ,clauses4--,dep5d5t clauses %\ld be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by commas4 ,,examples4 8,if a man does n make new acqua9tances z he advances ?r\gh life1 he w soon f9d himself left alone4 ,a man1 ,sir1 %\ld keep 8 fri5d%ip 9 con/ant repair40--,dr4 ,johnson4 8,:5 ,dr4 ,frankl9 wi%$ to ga9 8 enemy1 he ask$ him to d him a favor40 8,clap an ext+ui%] ^u y\r irony1 if y are unhappily ble/ ) a ve9 ( x40--,lamb4 8,al?\gh we seldom foll[$ advice1 we 7 all ready en\gh to ask x40--,goldsmi?4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a clause is said to be dep5d5t1 :5 x dep5ds on "s o!r clause to complete its mean+2 z1 ,:5 ,dr4 ,johnson wi%$ to ga9 8 enemy he ask$ him to d him a favor4 ,! fir/ clause ( ?is s5t5ce w\ld n be complete 9 mean+ )\t ! second4 ,dep5d5t clauses usually comm5ce ) if1 :51 s9ce1 because1 until1 c4 #b4 ,:5 clauses are closely connect$1 ! comma may be omitt$2 z1 ,moz>t publi%$ "s music :5 sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,relative ,clauses4--#a4 ,a relative clause %\ld be sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by a comma4 #b4 ,b ! comma %\ld be omitt$1 :5 ! relative clause is s closely connect$ ) :at prec$es t x _c be dropp$ )\t de/roy+ ! s5se4 ,,examples4 #a4 8,m5 9 a corn]1 :o h ! unhapp9ess ( conv]s+ too little ) pres5t ?+s40--,swift4 8,! wat]s are nature's /oreh\se1 9 :i* %e locks up h] wond]s40--,izaak ,walton4 8,he _h on a coat made ( t clo? call$ ?und]-&-lightn+1 :i*1 ?\gh gr[n too %ort1 0 mu* too good to be ?r[n away40--,goldsmi?4 #b4 8,al?wor?y "h betook himself to ^? pleas+ slumb]s :i* a he>t t hung]s aft] goodness is apt to enjoy :5 ?or\ghly satisfi$40--,field+4 8,a man :o is good = mak+ excuses is good = no?+ else40--,dr4 ,frankl94 8,l ,cs>1 ,cortes wrote 8 own comm5t>ies 9 ! he>t ( ! /irr+ sc5es :i* =m ! subject ( !m40--,prescott4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,relative clauses are g5]ally introduc$ by ! relative pron\ns :o1 :i*1 t1 or :at4 #b4 ,a comma %\ld be plac$ be=e ! relative clause1 ev5 :5 x is necess>y to complete ! mean+ ( ! antec$5t1-- a4 ,:5 ! relative is imm$iately foll[$ by a ^w or an expression inclos$ 9 commas2 z1 8,z a man1 he may n h des]v$ ! admiration :i* he receiv$ f ^?1 :o1 bewit*$ by 8 fasc9at+ society1 wor%ip$ him nightly 9 8 favorite temple at ,button's40--,macaulay4 b4 ,:5 ! relative has sev]al antec$5ts t are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by commas2 z1 8,all ^? arts1 r>ities1 & inv5tions1 :i* vulg> m9ds gaze at1 ! +5i\s pursue1 & all admire1 are b ! relics ( an intellect defac$ ) s9 & "t40--,s\?4 #c4 ,! words ( :i* are sometimes prec$$ by a comma1 ev5 :5 !y are necess>y to complete ! mean+ ( ! antec$5t3 z1 8,8 m9d 0 =m$ ( ^? firm mat]ials1 ( :i* nature =m]ly hamm]$ out ! ,/oic1 & ^u :i* ! sorr[s ( no man liv+ c\ld make an impression40--,field+4 ,,rule ,,iv4 ,p>5!tical ,words & ,phrases4 ,:5 s+le words & phrases break ! connection betwe5 closely relat$ p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 !y %\ld usually be sep>at$ by commas f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4 #a4 ,words us$ p>5!tically1-- !re=e1 inde$1 p]haps1 namely1 f9ally1 consequ5tly1 h[ev]1 moreov]1 nev]!less1 c4 #b4 ,phrases us$ p>5!tically1-- 9 %ort1 9 tru?1 ( c\rse1 9 fact1 9 a ^w1 y "k1 9 reality1 no d\bt1 z x 71 c4 ,,examples4 #a4 8,z an orator1 inde$1 he 0 n magnetic or inspir+40--,g4 ,w4 ,curtis4 8,!re is1 p]haps1 no sur] m>k ( folly1 ?an to attempt to correct ! natural infirmities ( ^? we love40--,field+4 8,!re is1 h[ev]1 a limit at :i* =be>ance ceases to be a virtue40--,burke4 #b4 8,i _h gr[n to my desk1 z x 71 & ! wood _h ent]$ my s\l40--,lamb4 8,9 %ort1 he is a memorable in/ance ( :at has be5 (t5 obs]v$1 t ! boy is ! man 9 m9iature40--,boswell4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,words & phrases are said to be us$ p>5!tically1 :5 !y ob/ruct1 z x 71 ! fl[ ( ! s5t5ce1 & might be dropp$ )\t de/roy+ ! s5se4 #b4 ,:5ev] p>5!tical words & phrases readily coalesce ) ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 x is bett] to omit punctuation m>ks2 z1 8,i am !re=e exce$+ly unwill+ t any?+1 h[ev] slight1 :i* my illu/ri\s fri5d ?\ght x wor? :ile to express1 ) any degree ( po9t1 %\ld p]i%40--,boswell4 #c4 ,a di/9ction %\ld be made betwe5 words us$ p>5!tically1 & adv]bs qualify+ p>ticul> words2 z1 8,& ) le>n+ 0 unit$ a mild & lib]al _s1 too (t5 want+ 9 ! pr9cely colleges ( ,ox=d40--,macaulay4 8,t1 too1 has its em95t s]vice40--,burke4 ,,rule ,v4 ,p>5!tical ,expressions4--,expressions ( a p>5!tical "* %\ld be sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas4 ,,examples4 8,%e 0 tumbl$ e>ly1 by accid5t or design1 into a spaci\s closet ( good old ,engli% read+1 )\t mu* selection or prohibition1 & br[s$ at w ^u t fair & :olesome pa/urage40--,lamb4 8,he ,%]idan :o1 9 less ?an ?irty ye>s aft]w>d1 held s5ates en*a9$ by 8 eloqu5ce & audi5ces fasc9at$ by 8 wit1 01 by common cons5t bo? ( p>5t & preceptor1 pron\nc$ a mo/ imp5etrable dunce40--,moore4 8,x is cle> t ,addison's s]i\s att5tion1 dur+ 8 resid5ce at ! univ]sity1 0 almo/ entirely conc5trat$ on ,lat9 poetry40--,macaulay4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a di/9ction %\ld be made betwe5 p>5!tical words & p>5!tical expressions4 a4 ,p>5!tical words c be omitt$ )\t de/roy+ ! s5se4 ,see examples "u ,rule ,,iv4 b4 ,p>5!tical expressions ob/ruct ! fl[ ( ! s5t5ce1 b c n be omitt$ )\t ei!r de/roy+ ! s5se1 or *ang+ ! mean+ int5d$ to be convey$4 ,see examples giv5 above4 #b4 ,:5 p>5!tical expressions are %ort1 or closely connect$ ) ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 x is bett] to omit punctuation m>ks4 #c4 ,writ]s diff] v mu* 9 omitt+ or us+ commas 9 p>5!tical expressions4 ,x is sometimes immat]ial :e!r punctuation m>ks are us$ or n1 b1 9 _m cases1 !re are few rules s well adapt$ to br+ out ! mean+ ( ! writ]4 ,,rule ,,vi4 ,inv]t$ ,expressions4--,expressions :i* are n 9 _! natural ord]1 are frequ5tly sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by a comma4 ,,examples4 8,9 ev]y?+ t relates to sci5ce1 ,i am a :ole ,encyclopdia beh9d ! re/ ( ! _w40--,lamb4 8,9 all unhappy m>riages ,i h se51 ! great cause ( evil has proce$$ f slight occasions40--,/eele4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! natural ord] ( ! fir/ s5t5ce is1 ,i am a :ole ,encyclopdia beh9d ! re/ ( ! _w 9 ev]y?+ t relates to sci5ce4 #b4 ,:5 ! inv]t$ expression is closely connect$ ) :at foll[s1 ! commas %\ld be omitt$2 z1-- 8,( ,addison's *ildhood we "k little40--,macaulay4 8,t inw>d man ,i love t's l9$ ) virtue40--,beaumont & ,flet*]4 ,,rule ,,vii4 ,%ort ,quotations4--,%ort quotations %\ld be sep>at$ f :at prec$es by a comma4 ,,examples4 ,! ,italians say1 8,good company 9 a j\rney makes ! way to seem %ort]40 ,a writ] 9 ,lipp9cott's ,magaz9e says1 8,x is ! little c\rtesies t make up ! sum ( a happy home40 ,s*ill] has said1 8,m5's words are ev] bold] ?an _! de$s40 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,an expression resembl+ a quotation %\ld be prec$$ by a comma2 z1 8,!re=e ! "q /ill returns1 ,:at is ! ,fir/ ,pr9ciple ( all ?+s80 #b4 ,quotations & g5]al /atem5ts introduc$ by t are frequ5tly prec$$ by a comma2 z1 8,tacitus says ( ,agricola1 t he gov]n$ 8 family1 :i* _m f9d to be a h>d] task ?an to gov]n a prov9ce40--,ar?ur ,helps4 #c4 ,:5 s+le words or a "p ( a s5t5ce are quot$1 a comma %\ld n be us$2 z1 8,8 wife 0 a dome/icat$1 k9d-he>t$ old s\l1 :o _h come ) him #8f ! que5 city ( ! _w1' :i*1 x seem$1 0 ,philadelphia40--,dick5s4 #d4 ,quotation divid$4 8,a man c\ld n set 8 foot d[n10 says ,cortes1 8unless on ! corpse ( an ,indian40--,prescott4 #e4 ,:5 ! quotation is a long "o1 x %\ld be prec$$ by a colon4 ,,rule ,,viii4 ,p]son or ,?+ ,address$4--,! "n ( ! p]son or ?+ address$1 toge!r ) its modify+ words1 %\ld be sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas4 ,,examples4 8,n[1 ,macaulay1 :5 ,i am gone1 y'll be sorry t y nev] he>d me speak40--,sydney ,smi?4 8,:y1 ,romeo1 art ?\ mad80--,%akespe>e4 8,my lords1 we are call$ ^u1 z memb]s ( ?is h\se1 z m51 z ,*ri/ians1 to prote/ aga9/ su* horrible b>b>ity60--,pitt4 ,,rem>k4 ,:5 /rong emotion is express$1 an exclamation po9t %\ld be us$2 z1 8,o ,hamlet6 ?\ ha/ cleft my he>t 9 twa940--,%akespe>e4 ,,rule ,,ix4 ,p>ticipial ,clauses4--,p>ticipial clauses1 hav+ no grammatical connection ) ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 %\ld be sep>at$ f :at foll[s1 &1 if !y d n comm5ce a s5t5ce1 f :at prec$es1 by commas4 ,,examples4 8,success be+ n[ hopeless1 prep>ations 7 made = a retreat40--,alison4 8,su* be+ _! g5]al idea ( ! gods1 we c n[ easily und]/& ! habitual tone ( _! feel+s t[>ds :at 0 beautiful 9 nature40--,rusk94 ,,rem>k4 ,be+ or hav+ be5 is usually ! sign ( a p>ticipial clause4 ,,rule ,x4 ,v]b ,omitt$4--,:5 a v]b1 previ\sly us$1 is omitt$1 a comma usually takes its place4 ,,examples4 8,hi/ories make m5 wise2 poets1 witty2 ! ma!matics1 subtle2 natural philosophy1 deep2 moral1 grave2 logic & rhetoric1 able to cont5d40--,bacon4 8,*auc] pa9t$ p]sons2 ,sp5s]1 qualities40 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ! comma takes ! place ( an omitt$ v]b1 ! ma9 clauses or numb]s %\ld be sep>at$ by semicolons4 #b4 ,sometimes a comma does n take ! place ( an omitt$ v]b2 z1 8,"s books are to be ta/$1 o!rs to be swall[$1 & "s few to be *ew$ & dige/$40--,bacon4 8,read+ make? a full man1 conf]5ce a ready man1 & writ+ an exact man40--,bacon4 ,,rule ,,xi4 ,appositives4--,a n\n 9 apposition & its modifi]s %\ld be sep>at$ by commas f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,,examples4 8,:5 dea?1 ! great ,reconcil]1 has come1 x is nev] our t5d]ness we rep5t ( b our sev]ity40--,george ,eliot4 8,! exploits ( ,m]cury himself1 ! god ( cunn+1 may be easily imag9$ to surpass ev]y?+ a*iev$ by pr(an] h&s40--,leigh ,hunt4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,an appositive is a ^w1 plac$ by ! side ( "s o!r ^w to expla9 or *>act]ize x4 #b4 ,! comma %\ld be omitt$1-- a4 ,:5 two n\ns )\t modifi]s are 9 apposition2 z1 ,cic]o ! orator 0 born ne> ,arp9um4 ,if ! s5t5ce 01 ,cic]o1 ! greate/ ( ,roman orators1 0 born ne> ,arp9um1 commas w\ld be necess>y4 b4 ,:5 a n\n & a pron\n are 9 apposition2 z1 ,m]cury himself surpass$ ev]y?+ a*iev$ by pr(an] h&s4 c4 ,:5 two pron\ns are 9 apposition2 z1 ,he himself did ?is4 d4 ,betwe5 ! p>ts ( a p]son's "n2 z1 ,george ,william ,curtis4 #c4 ,9 annex+ titles to a p]son's "n1 :e!r ! titles are abbreviat$ or writt5 9 full1 commas mu/ be us$2 z1 ,ri*>d ,:ately1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl94 ,,rule ,,xii4 ,words 9 ,pairs4--,words 9 pairs %\ld h a comma betwe5 ea* pair4 ,,examples4 8,9 all ! *>act]s1 patriots & tyrants1 hat]s & lov]s1 ! fr[n & sne] ( ,h>old 7 disc]nible 9 an in/ant40--,macaulay4 8,lib]ty & union1 n[ & =ev]1 "o & insep>able40--,web/]4 ,,rule ,,xiii4 ,unconnect$ ,words4--,:5 two words1 ( ! same "p ( spee*1 are n connect$ by a conjunction1 a comma %\ld be plac$ betwe5 !m4 ,,examples4 8,he _h 9 himself a radiant1 liv+ spr+ ( g5]\s & manly action40--,burke4 8,a /ill1 small voice40--,k+s4 8,:]e sits our sulky1 sull5 dame1 ,ga!r+ h] br[s l ga!r+ /orm1 ,nurs+ h] wra? to keep x w>m40--,burns4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 two n\ns1 ! subjects ( a v]b1 are n connect$ by a conjunction1 a comma %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! two words & also aft] ! second2 z1 8,indignation1 expo/ulation1 7 p[]less ^u him z a mi/ ^u a rock40--,macdonald4 #b4 ,:5 two adjectives come toge!r1 ! fir/ qualify+ ! second adjective & also ! n\n1 a comma %\ld n be us$2 z1 ,a beautiful :ite horse4 #c4 ,a ^w repeat$ = emphasis usually has a punctuation m>k be=e & aft] x2 z1-- 8,wat]1 wat]1 ev]y:]e1 ,nor any drop to dr9k40--,col]idge4 8,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 ,he t believe? on me1 ! works t ,i d %all he d also40--,john xiv4 #ab4 ,,rule ,,xiv4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,words4--#a4 ,:5 a s]ies ( words1 ( ! same "p ( spee*1 are connect$ by &1 or1 nor1 !y %\ld n be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by punctuation m>ks4 8,! fruits & fl[]s & %rubs s5t =? grateful p]fumes40--,irv+4 ,"s writ]s place a comma be=e ea* &4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n necess>y4 #b4 ,:5 a conjunction is us$ only ) ! la/ ^w 9 ! s]ies1 a comma %\ld be plac$ be=e ! conjunction & betwe5 ! o!r words4 ,! fruits1 fl[]s1 & %rubs s5t =? grateful p]fumes4 #c4 ,:5 ! conjunctions are omitt$1 a comma %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ea* ^w & also at ! end ( ! s]ies4 ,! fruits1 fl[]s1 %rubs1 s5t =? grateful p]fumes4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ! la/ ^w 9 ! s]ies prec$es only a s+le ^w1 ! comma %\ld be omitt$2 z1 8,a ref9$1 ?\ghtful1 w>m-he>t$1 pure-s\l$ ,engli%man40 #b4 ,:5 two words or expressions are connect$ by or1 ! latt] expla9+ ! =m]1 ! explanatory ^w or expression %\ld be sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by a comma or commas2 z1 8,! love ( v>iety1 or curiosity ( see+ new ?+s1 :i* is ! same1 or at lea/ a si/] passion to x1 seems wov5 into ! frame ( e son & daught] ( ,adam40--,/]ne4 ,,rule ,,xv4 ,phrases & ,clauses4--,phrases & clauses1 ei!r ) or )\t conjunctions1 hav+ a mutual relation to "s o!r ^w 9 ! s5t5ce1 %\ld be sep>at$ f ea* o!r & f :at foll[s by commas4 ,,examples4 8,purity ( /yle1 & an easy fl[ ( numb]s1 are common to all ,addison's ,lat9 poems40--,macaulay4 8,! unb\ght grace ( life1 ! *ief def5se ( nations1 ! nurse ( manly s5tim5t & h]oic ent]prise1 is gone40--,burke4 8,! little t is kn[n1 & ! circum/ance t little is kn[n1 mu/ be consid]$ z honorable to him40--,macaulay4 8,books t y c c>ry to ! fire1 & hold readily 9 y\r h&1 are ! mo/ useful aft] all40--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a phrase is "o ( ! small] divisions ( a s5t5ce1 & consi/s ( two or m words4 ,ap>t f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 x is incomplete 9 mean+4 ,x does n1 l a clause1 include a subject & a v]b4 #b4 ,:5 two brief expressions are connect$ by a conjunction1 x is bett] to omit punctuation m>ks2 z1 8,good company & good disc\rse are ! v s9ews ( virtue40--,izaak ,walton4 #c4 ,:5 words & phrases =m a s]ies1 a conjunction be+ us$ only ) ! la/ phrase1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ f ea* o!r & f :at foll[s by commas2 z1 8,virtue1 m]it1 & ev]y?+ t is praisewor?y1 w be made ! subject ( ridicule & buffoon]y40--,addison4 ,,rule ,,xvi4 ,logical ,subject4--,:5 ! logical subject ends ) a v]b1 or is sep>at$ into p>ts by commas1 or is unusually long1 a comma %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! logical subject & ! ma9 v]b4 ,,examples4 8,?is imag9>y promise ( div9e aid ?us my/]i\sly giv51 appe>$ to him at pres5t 9 /ill great] progress ( fulfillm5t40--,irv+4 8,! voice ( praise1 too1 com+ f ^? to :om we _h ?\ght ourselves unkn[n1 has a magic ab\t x t mu/ be felt to be und]/ood40--,*>les ,lev]4 8,^? :o c put ! be/ c\nt5ance ^u ! outrages ( ?is nature :i* are (f]$ !m1 are n )\t _! secret angui%40--,addison4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! logical subject consi/s ( ! "n ( ! p]son or ?+1 ( :i* some?+ is affirm$1 toge!r ) its modify+ words4 ,x is 8! subject accord+ to ! real mean+ or logic ( ! s5t5ce40 #b4 ,"s writ]s always place a comma be=e ! v]b1 :5 its subject consi/s ( _m words4 ,,rule ,,xvii4 ,contra/$ ,expressions4--,contra/$ expressions or comp>isons %\ld be sep>at$ by a comma4 ,,examples4 8,( ! o!r two m51 "o 0 a species ( giant1 ! o!r a sort ( dw>f40--,hugo4 8,! m ,i reflect$ ^u x1 ! m important x appe>$40--,goldsmi?4 8,z ! h>t pante? aft] ! wat] brooks1 s pante? my s\l aft] !e1 ,o ,god40--,psalms4 8,ma/] books1 b d n let !m ma/] y4 ,read to live1 n live to read40--,bulw]4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ! comp>ison is %ort & ! words closely connect$1 ! comma may be omitt$4 #b4 ,:5 s--t1 s--z1 r--?an1 m--?an1 connect expressions1 ! comma is usually omitt$2 z1 8,+ratitude nev] s ?or\ghly pi]ces ! human he>t z :5 x proce$s f ^? 9 ^: behalf we h be5 guilty ( transgression40--,field+4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! expressions !mselves are divid$ into small] p>ts by commas1 or are unusually long1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ by a comma2 z1-- 8,s ov]-viol5t1 or ov]-civil1 ,t e man ) him 0 ,god or ,devil40--,dryd54 #c4 ,:5 two %ort expressions are unit$ by z or ?an1 a comma %\ld n be us$2 z1-- 8,he knew :at's :at1 & t's z high ,z metaphysic wit c fly40--,butl]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! expressions are long1 x is bett] to use a comma2 z1 8,i h no m pleasure 9 he>+ a man attempt+ wit & fail+1 ?an 9 see+ a man try+ to leap ov] a dit* & tumbl+ into x40--,dr4 ,johnson4 #d4 ,:5 ! fir/ expression is negative & ! o!r affirmative1 a comma %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! expressions & be=e ! negative ^w1 if x does n comm5ce a s5t5ce2 z1 8,! _w g5]ally gives its admiration1 n to ! man :o does :at nobody else ev5 attempts to d1 b to ! man :o does be/ :at multitudes d well40--,macaulay4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a f9ite v]b imm$iately prec$es ! negative ^w1 ! comma %\ld be omitt$2 z1 8,our greate/ glory is n 9 nev] fall+1 b 9 ris+ e "t we fall40--,confucius4 ,,rule ,,xviii4 ,num]al ,figures4--,arabic numb]s %\ld be sep>at$ into p]iods ( ?ree figures ea*1 comm5c+ at ! "r4 ,,example4 #b1eji1iji1def4 ,,rem>k4 ,dates %\ld n be sep>at$ into p]iods2 z1 #ahgg4 ,,rule ,,xix4 ,expressions at ! ,end ( ,s5t5ces4--,x is frequ5tly necess>y1 at ! end ( a s5t5ce1 to sep>ate an expression beg9n+ ) a preposition f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 9 ord] to avoid ambiguity4 ,,examples4 8,he trudg$ along1 unkn[+ :at he s\ght1 ,& :i/l$ z he w5t1 = want ( ?\ght40--,dryd54 8,angl+ is always to be consid]$ z a /ick & a /r+1 ) a fly at "o end & a fool at ! o!r40--,swift4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>k4 ,a comma %\ld always be us$1 :5 x aids 9 br++ out ! mean+ ( ! writ]1 or 9 avoid+ ambiguity4 ,,! ,,semicolon4 ,,rule ,i4 ,long ,s5t5ces4--,:5 ! small] divisions ( s5t5ces are sep>at$ by commas1 ! ma9 divisions %\ld be sep>at$ by semicolons4 ,,examples4 8,%]idan1 ,pitt1 & ,fox all drank h>d & work$ h>d2 !y 7 all great 9 ! c\ncils ( ! nation1 b n "o c\ld rule 8 own h\sehold40--,london ,a!num4 8,/iff 9 op9ions1 always 9 ! wrong2 ,0 e ?+ by />ts1 & no?+ long40--,dryd54 8,nor is x always 9 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ a*ievem5ts t m5's virtues or vices may be be/ disc]n$2 b v (t5 an action ( small note1 a %ort say+1 or a je/1 %all di/+ui% a p]son's real "* m ?an ! greate/ sieges1 or ! mo/ important battles40--,plut>*4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,expressions ,complete 9 ,!mselves4--,%ort expressions1 complete 9 !mselves b slightly connect$ 9 mean+1 may be sep>at$ by semicolons4 ,,examples4 8,we d n want precepts s mu* z patt]ns2 an example is ! s(te/ & lea/ invidi\s way ( comm&+40--,pl9y4 8,x is a beautiful ?+ to model a /atue & give x life2 to m\ld an intellig5ce & in/il tru? !re9 is /ill m beautiful40--,hugo4 8,!re are on e subject a few lead+ & fix$ ideas2 _! tracks may be trac$ by y\r own g5ius z well z by read+40--,%]idan4 ,,rem>k4 ,:5 z introduces an example1 a semicolon %\ld be plac$ be=e & a comma aft] x4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,s]ies ( ,expressions4--,:5 sev]al clauses foll[ ea* o!r 9 succession1 hav+ a common dep5d5ce on "s "p ( ! s5t5ce1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by semicolons1 & f ! clause on :i* !y dep5d1 by a comma4 ,,example4 8,if su* m5 w make a firm & solemn pause1 & m$itate dispassionately on its importance2 if !y w contemplate x 9 all its attributes1 & trace x to all its consequ5ces1 !y w n hesitate to "p ) trivial objections to a con/itution1 ! rejection ( :i* w\ld1 9 all probability1 put a f9al p]iod to ! ,union40--,hamilton4 ,,rem>k4 ,commas may be us$ in/ead ( semicolons1 :5 ! clauses are %ort2 z1 8,:5 public bodies are to be address$ on mom5t\s occasions1 :5 great int]e/s are at /ake1 & /rong passions excit$1 no?+ is valuable 9 spee* f>!r ?an x is connect$ ) high intellectual & moral end[m5ts40--,web/]4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>k4 ,:5 ! memb]s ( a s5t5ce seem to be loosely connect$1 !y are frequ5tly sep>at$ by semicolons4 ,,examples4 8,hone/ "n is goodly2 b he t hunte? only = t1 is l him t ha? r seem w>m ?an be w>m40--,sir ,?omas ,wyatt4 8,"s blemi%es may und\bt$ly be detect$ 9 8 "*2 b ! m c>efully x is exam9$1 ! m w x appe> s\nd 9 ! noble p>ts40--,macaulay4 ,"s writ]s use commas 9 ! examples giv5 above 9 pref]5ce to semicolons1 & usage v>ies s mu* among our be/ writ]s t x is impossible to lay d[n a g5]al rule t w be applicable 9 all cases4 ,if x is desirable to indicate a some:at close connection betwe5 ! memb]s ( a s5t5ce1 a comma %\ld be us$2 if ! connection is slight1 x is bett] to use a semicolon4 ,,! ,,colon4 ,,rule ,i4 ,long ,s5t5ces4--,:5 ! small] divisions ( s5t5ces are sep>at$ by semicolons1 ! ma9 divisions %\ld be sep>at$ by a colon4 ,,examples4 8,emulation is a dang]\s passion to enc\rage1 9 "s po9ts1 9 "y m52 x is s l9k$ ) envy3 if y reproa* y\r son = n surpass+ 8 s*ool-fell[s1 he w hate ^? :o are be=e him40--,%]idan4 8,a man ov] n9ety is a great com=t to all 8 eld]ly neighbors3 he is a picket-gu>d at ! extreme outpo/2 & ! "y folks ( sixty & sev5ty feel t ! enemy mu/ get by him be=e he c come ne> ! camp40--,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,a ,quotation4--,a colon %\ld prec$e a long quotation4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! quotation is %ort1 x is bett] to use a comma4 ,,examples4 ,socrates recomm5d$ to "o ( 8 disciples ! foll[+ pray]3 8,o ,jupit]1 give u ^? ?+s :i* are good = u1 :e!r !y are su* ?+s z we pray =1 or su* ?+s z we d n pray =2 & remove f u ^? ?+s :i* are hurtful1 ?\gh !y are su* ?+s z we pray =40 ,:5 ! ,e>l ( ,dudley took leave ( ,sydney ,smi?1 on go+ f ,london to ,york%ire1 he said3 8,y h be5 laugh+ at me con/antly1 ,sydney1 = ! la/ sev5 ye>s1 & yet1 9 all t "t1 y nev] said a s+le ?+ to me t ,i wi%$ unsaid40 ,,rem>k4 #a4 ,:5 ! quotation is long1 or x beg9s a new p>agraph1 a da% is frequ5tly plac$ aft] ! colon4 #b4 ,:5 a direct quotation is introduc$ into ! middle ( a s5t5ce1 a comma %\ld be us$2 z1 8,he 0 surpris$1 b repli$1 #8,i am n ! k+1 he is !re1' po9t+ at ! same "t to a diff]5t "p ( ! hall40--,l+>d4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,enum]ation ( ,p>ticul>s4--,a colon %\ld prec$e an enum]ation ( p>ticul>s1 :5 !y are =mally introduc$ by ?us1 foll[+1 z foll[s1 ?is1 ^!1 c4 ,,examples4 8,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t3 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) inali5able rights3 t among ^! are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess40--,jeff]son4 8,! p5alty is graduat$ ?us3 ! milde/1 confiscation2 ! mod]ate1 clos+ ! %op2 ! sev]e/1 exposure40--,lipp9cott's ,magaz9e4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ! p>ticul>s are prec$$ by a colon1 !y are usually sep>at$ f ea* o!r by semicolons1 z 9 ! examples giv5 above4 #b4 ,if ! p>ticul>s are n introduc$ by ?us1 foll[+1 c41 !y %\ld be prec$$ by a semicolon2 z1 8,gramm> is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody40 #c4 ,:5 ! p>ticul>s are prec$$ by a semicolon1 !y are usually sep>at$ f ea* o!r by commas4 #d4 ,sometimes a comma & da% are us$ in/ead ( a semicolon2 z1 8,gramm> is divid$ into f\r p>ts1--,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody40 ,,g5]al ,,rem>k4 ,! colon is us$ by "s writ]s to sep>ate %ort expressions t are complete 9 !mselves1 b slightly connect$ 9 mean+4 ,,examples4 8,b m5 are m53 ! be/ sometimes =get40--,%akespe>e4 8,x ! ,se9e is ! wa%-tub & summ] ba?-tub ( its citiz5s2 x 0 ! bir?place ( ,p>is1 & x is too (t5 ! grave ( h] *ildr540--,lipp9cott's ,magaz9e4 ,if a conjunction is us$1 x is bett] to use a semicolon2 z1-- 8,%e _c sep>ate h] "n f 8 )\t less5+ x2 = x is equally incru/$ ) 8 greatness z ) 8 faults40--,lam>t9e4 ,%e _c sep>ate h] "n f 8 )\t less5+ x3 x is equally incru/$ ) 8 greatness z ) 8 faults4 ,! colon is n z commonly us$ z =m]ly4 ,a semicolon w\ld be pref]r$ by v _m writ]s 9 all s5t5ces simil> to ! examples giv5 above4 ,see ,rule ,,ii4 p4 #bc4 ,,! ,,p]iod4 ,,rule ,i4 ,complete ,s5t5ces4--,a p]iod %\ld be plac$ at ! end ( a s5t5ce1 :5 x is complete 9 mean+ & con/ruction1 & is decl>ative or imp]ative 9 its nature4 ,,examples4 8,swift boa/$ t he 0 nev] kn[n to /eal a h9t40--,macaulay4 8,b evil is wr\ght by want ( ?\ght1 ,z well z want ( he>t40--,hood4 8,x is a great evil n to be able to be> an evil40--,bion4 ,,rem>k4 ,a p]iod %\ld always be plac$ aft] ! title ( an essay1 oration1 aft] a signature1 an address ( a p]son1 c4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,abbreviations4--,a p]iod %\ld be us$ aft] e abbreviation4 ,,examples4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,a4 ,jones4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,mill]4 ,mrs4 ,t4 ,s4 ,applegate4 ,miss ,hattie ,e4 ,knapp4 ,esq41 ,esquire4 ,jan41 ,janu>y4 ,mi*41 ,mi*igan4 ,hon41 ,honorable4 ,pro tem41 = ! "t be+4 ,ans41 ,answ]4 ,d4 ,d41 ,doctor ( ,div9ity4 ,b4 ,c41 be=e ,*ri/4 ,rev41 ,rev]5d4 ,p41 page2 pp41 pages4 ,pres41 ,presid5t4 ,rec4 ,sec41 ,record+ ,secret>y4 ,n4 ,y41 ,new ,york4 ,a4 ,d41 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l4 ,a4 ,m41 ,ma/] ( ,arts4 ,m4 ,c41 ,memb] ( ,congress4 ,no41 9 numb]1 numb]4 ,co41 ,c\nty4 c4 or etc41 & s =?4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! p]iod ?us us$1 simply indicates an abbreviation1 & t punctuation m>ks are to be us$1 9 addition to ! p]iod1 :5 requir$4 ,:5 a ^w1 writt5 9 full1 requires a punctuation m>k aft] x1 ! same punctuation m>k %\ld be us$ aft] ! ^w1 :5 x is abbreviat$2 z1 ,adrian1 ,mi*igan1 ,janu>y #e1 #ahgg2 ,adrian1 ,mi*41 ,jan4 #e1 #ahgg4 #b4 ,"s prop] names are n abbreviations1 & consequ5tly a p]iod %\ld n be us$2 z1 ,b5 ,jonson1 ,fr$ ,knapp4 ,:5 ,b54 /&s = ,b5jam91 & ,fr$4 = ,fr$]ick1 a p]iod %\ld be us$4 #c4 ,:5 num]als are repres5t$ by ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 p]iods are plac$ aft] !m2 z1 ,g54 vii4 #a1 #g1 #h4 #d4 ,9 numb]+ pages1 no m>k %\ld be plac$ aft] #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 c4 #e4 ,:5 a lett]1 us$ z an abbreviation1 is d\bl$ to indicate ! plural1 ! p]iod %\ld be plac$ aft] ! la/ lett]2 z1 pp4 = pages1 ,,ll4 ,d4 = ,doctor ( ,laws4 #f4 ,9 abbreviat+ words1 sometimes ! fir/ lett]s are us$1 sometimes ! fir/ & la/1 & sometimes ! fir/ & "s lett] ne> ! middle ( ! ^w2 z1 ,ala4 = ,alabama1 ,*as4 = ,*>les1 ,wm4 = ,william1 ,,ms4 = manuscript4 #g4 ,a li/ ( abbreviations w be f\nd at ! close ( any good diction>y4 ,,int]rogation ,,po9t4 ,,rule ,i4 ,direct ,"q4--,a direct "q mu/ be foll[$ by an int]rogation po9t4 ,,examples4 8,:o ev] knew tru? put to ! worse1 9 a free & op5 enc\nt]80--,milton4 8,are y good m5 & true80--,%akespe>e4 ,,exclamation ,,po9t4 ,,rule ,i4 ,/rong ,emotion4--,! exclamation po9t is us$ aft] expressions d5ot+ /rong emotion4 ,,examples4 8,discipl9e ( m9d6 say r />vation1 conf9em5t1 torture1 annihilation40--,macaulay4 8,my valor is c]ta9ly go+6 x is sneak+ (f6 ,i feel x ooz+ out1 z x 71 at ! palms ( my h&s40--,%]idan4 8,h[ %>p] ?an a s]p5t's too? x is ,to h a ?ankless *ild60--,%akespe>e4 ,,rem>k4 ,to express an unusual degree ( emotion1 m ?an "o exclamation po9t may be us$4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,int]jections4--,all int]jections except ,o may be foll[$ by an exclamation po9t4 ,,examples4 8,b1 alas6 to make me ,! fix$ figure ( ! "t1 = scorn ,to po9t 8 sl[ unmov+ f+] at40--,%akespe>e4 8,oh6 bless$ temp]1 ^: uncl\d$ ray ,c make to-morr[ *e]ful z to-day40--,pope4 8,o ?\ invisible _s ( w9e1 if ?\ ha/ no "n to be kn[n by1 let u call !e devil60--,%akespe>e4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ! connection betwe5 ! int]jection & :at foll[s is v close1 x is sometimes bett] to put ! exclamation po9t at ! end ( ! s5t5ce2 z1-- 8,oh = t anci5t _s ,:i* curb$ ! ,s5ate's w60--,macaulay4 #b4 ,:5 x is desirable to express /rong feel+ ?r\gh-out an entire s5t5ce1 ! exclamation po9t %\ld be plac$ at ! end2 z1-- 8,ho1 trumpets1 s\nd a w>-note6 ,ho1 lictors1 cle> ! way60--,macaulay4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,address4--,expressions ( address1 :5 emphatic1 may be foll[$ by an exclamation po9t4 ,,examples4 8,"l6 :at music ha/ ?\ provid$ = ! sa9ts 9 heav51 :5 ?\ af=de/ bad m5 su* music music ( ! night+ale on e>?40--,izaak ,walton4 8,hail1 c&le-light6 )\t disp>agem5t to sun or moon1 ! k9de/ lum9>y ( ! ?ree40--,lamb4 8,sweet ,auburn6 lovelie/ village ( ! pla940--,goldsmi?4 8,ah6 happy ye>s6 once m :o w\ld n be a boy40--,byron4 ,,! ,,da%4 ,,rule ,i4 ,brok5 ,s5t5ces4--,:5 a s5t5ce is brok5 (f abruptly1 or !re is an unexpect$ *ange 9 ! s5tim5t1 or hesitation is to be indicat$1 a da% %\ld be us$4 ,,examples4 ,pr9ce4--8,i tell y :at1 my c\s9 ,buck+ham1--0 ,buck4--8,:at1 my graci\s "l80--,%akespe>e4 8,i only feel--,f>ewell--,f>ewell60--,byron4 8,y w ?9k me fooli%2--b--b--may x n be t "s invisible angel has be5 attract$ by ! simplicity & good fai? ) :i* our *ildr5 set ab\t _! und]tak+8 ,may he n h sp5t an h\r ( 8 immortality 9 play+ ) ^? de> little s\ls80--,haw?orne4 8,m5 w wrangle = religion2 write = x2 fight = x2 die = x2 any?+ b--live = x40--,colton4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,conclud+ ,clause4--,:5 sev]al expressions foll[ ea* o!r 9 succession1 hav+ a common dep5d5ce on ! conclud+ "p ( ! s5t5ce1 a da% is frequ5tly plac$ be=e ! clause on :i* !y dep5d4 ,,examples4 8,if y ?9k x a crime 9 ?is writ] t 8 language has n be5 braid$ & fe/oon$ z elegantly z x might be2 t he has n p9*$ ! mis]able plaits ( 8 phraseology1 nor plac$ 8 pat*es & fea!rs ) t correctness ( mill9]y :i* became him1--!n f9d a civil & oblig+ v]dict aga9/ ! pr9t]60--,curran4 8,to fo/] indu/ry1 to promote union1 to *]i% religi\s peace1--^! 7 ! hone/ purposes ( ,"l ,baltimore dur+ 8 long supremacy40--,bancr(t4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a da% is sometimes us$ to give prom95ce or emphasis to an emphatic conclusion2 z1 8,=tune1 fri5ds1 k9dr$1 home1--all 7 gone40--,prescott4 #b4 ,:5 su* words z namely1 t is1 c41 are omitt$1 a da% is sometimes us$2 z1 8,_m actions1 l ! ,rhone1 h two s\rces1--"o pure1 & ! o!r impure40--,h>e4 #c4 ,:5 a ^w or an expression is repeat$ = emphasis1 a da% %\ld be plac$ be=e x2 z1 8,x is ?is1 ,i conjure ,y\r ,lord%ips1 = y\r honor1 = ! honor ( ! nation1 = ! honor ( human nature1 n[ intru/$ to y\r c>e1--x is ?is duty t ! ,commons ( ,engl&1 speak+ ?r\gh u1 claims at y\r h&s40--,%]idan4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,subjects4--,:5 ! subject ( a g5]al /atem5t1 or ! subject ( a quotation1 is 9 ! same p>agraph ) ! subject-matt]1 a da% %\ld sep>ate ! subject f :at foll[s4 ,,examples4 ,! ,bible4--8,a p]son :o pr(esses to be a critic 9 ! niceties ( ! ,engli% language ought to h ! ,bible at 8 f+]s' ends40--,macaulay4 ,lett]-,writ+4--8,common int]e/s are necess>y to give p]man5t /ability to epi/ol>y connections4 ,we may love a man de>ly1 & yet f9d no "t to write t5 l9es to him40--,f ! ,g]man ( ,rudolph ,l9dau4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a subject is a ^w or expression ab\t :i* "s /atem5t is made4 #b4 ,a da% %\ld be plac$ betwe5 a quotation & ! au?or f :om ! quotation is tak54 #c4 ,:5 a "q & an answ] are 9 ! same p>agraph1 a da% is frequ5tly ins]t$ betwe5 ! two2 z1 8,saw y my "l80--8,no1 lady40 #d4 ,:5 z1 ?us1 z foll[s1 c41 introduce an example or a quotation1 a da% %\ld be plac$ aft] ! comma or colon1 if :at foll[s comm5ces a new p>agraph2 z1-- 8,all we possess1 & use n on ! road1 ,adds to ! burd5 we mu/ be>40--,goe!4 ,,rule ,,iv4 ,lett]s or ,figures ,omitt$4--,:5 lett]s or figures are omitt$1 a da% %\ld be us$ to indicate ! omission4 ,,examples4 8,:y1 to com=t me1 mu/ ,alice ,wn be a gobl980--,lamb4 ,m>k xi4 #a-aj4 ,g54 v4 #c-i4 ,,rem>k4 #c-i is equival5t to #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>k4 ,! da% is frequ5tly us$ to give prom95ce or emphasis to an expression4 ,,examples4 8,9 ! quiet air1 !re 0 a s\nd ( di/ant s++1--%eph]d voices40--,dick5s4 8,weal? has its temptations1--s has p[]40--,rob]tson4 8,! poore/ man may 9 8 cottage bid defiance to all ! =ce ( ! cr[n4 ,x may be frail2 its ro( may %ake2 ! w9d may bl[ ?r\gh x2 ! /orms may ent]1 ! ra9s may ent]1--b ! k+ ( ,engl& _c ent]6 all 8 =ces d>e n cross ! ?re%old ( ! ru9$ t5em5t40--,pitt4 ,,rule ,v4 ,p>5!sis4--,two da%es are sometimes us$ in/ead ( ! usual m>ks ( p>5!sis4 ,,examples4 8,a yell[ claw--! v same t _h claw$ toge!r s mu* weal?--pok$ itself out ( ! coa* w9d[1 & dropt "s copp] co9s ^u ! gr\nd40--,haw?orne4 8,jackson--! omnisci5t ,jackson he 0 call$--0 ( ?is p]iod4 ,he _h ! reputation ( possess+ m multif>i\s k ?an any man ( 8 "t40--,lamb4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ! s5t5ce1 )\t ! p>5!sis1 w\ld require a comma :]e ! da%es are us$1 ea* da% %\ld be prec$$ by a comma2 z1 8,see t ag$ c\ple1--a sad sight1 truly1--,john ,proctor1 & 8 wife ,elizabe?40--,haw?orne4 #b4 ,if ! p>5!tical expression is a "q or expresses emotion1 an int]rogation or an exclamation po9t %\ld be plac$ be=e ! second da%2 z1 8,! laurel ( ! h]o--alas = humanity t x %\ld be s6--gr[s be/ on ! battle field40 ,,m>ks ,,( ,,p>5!sis4 ,,rule ,i4 ,p>5!sis4--,:5 an expression breaks ! connection betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 & might be omitt$ )\t affect+ ! s5se or ! con/ruction1 x %\ld be inclos$ 9 p>5!tical m>ks4 ,,examples4 8,( all s\nd ( all bells 7bells1 ! music nighe/ bord]+ heav57 mo/ solemn & t\*+ is ! peal :i* r+s out ! ,old ,ye>40--,lamb4 8,! tuneful ,n9e 7s sacr$ leg5ds tell7 ,fir/ wak$ _! heav5ly lyre ^! sc5es to tell60--,campbell4 8,_! intellectual w>drobe 7to confess fairly7 has few :ole pieces 9 x40--,lamb4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 p>5!tical m>ks are us$1 x is sometimes necess>y to use additional m>ks4 a4 ,:5 ! s5t5ce1 )\t ! p>5!sis1 requires a punctuation m>k :]e ! p>5!tical m>ks are us$1 ! punctuation m>k %\ld be plac$ aft] ! la/ m>k ( ! p>5!sis2 z1-- 8,"k !n ?is tru? 7en\gh = man to "k71 #8,virtue alone is happ9ess bel[4'0--,pope4 b4 ,sometimes ! p>5!sis requires a punctuation m>k be=e ! la/ m>k ( ! p>5!sis2 z1 8,spill n ! morn+ 7! qu9tess5ce ( ! day67 9 recreations40--,?omas ,full]4 c4 ,:5 a punctuation m>k imm$iately prec$es ! la/ m>k ( ! p>5!sis1 & a punctuation m>k is also ne$$ :]e ! p>5!tical m>ks are us$1 x %\ld be plac$ be=e ! fir/ m>k ( ! p>5!sis2 z1 8,f4 0 ! mo/ g5tlemanly ( oilm54 ,he _h two ,lat9 words almo/ con/antly 9 8 m\?1 7h[ odd s\nds ,lat9 f an oilman's lips67 :i* my bett] k s9ce has enabl$ me to correct40--,lamb4 #b4 ,an int]rogation po9t inclos$ 9 p>5!tical m>ks 787 implies t an ass]tion is d\btful4 #c4 ,an exclamation po9t inclos$ )9 p>5!tical m>ks 767 expresses irony or contempt4 #d4 ,p>5!tical m>ks are n z frequ5tly us$ z =m]ly1 ! comma & da% be+ (t5 pref]r$4 ,,brackets4 ,,rule ,i4 ,quot$ ,passage4--,:5 words are ins]t$ by ano!r into a quot$ passage1 ei!r to correct a mi/ake or expla9 ! mean+1 !y %\ld be inclos$ 9 brackets4 ,,examples4 8,a v>iety ( pleas+ objects meet meets ! eye40 8#8,my de> lady1' return$ ! s*oolma/] ,mr4 ,graham1 #8:5 ,i h on good gr\nds made up my m9d to a ?+1 ,i always feel z if ,i _h promis$ ,god to d x2 & inde$ x am\nts to ! same ?+ v ne>ly4 ,su* a resolve1 !n1 is n to be unmade1 except on equally good gr\nds ) ^? ^u :i* x 0 made4'0--,george ,macdonald4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,punctuation m>ks are sometimes requir$1 :5 ! brackets are us$4 ,! same rem>ks apply to ! brackets t apply to p>5!tical m>ks4 #b4 ,9 report+ spee*es1 brackets are us$1 :5 words are introduc$ by ! report] :i* d n =m a "p ( ! spee*2 z1-- 8,we w\ld h our ,union to be a union ( he>ts1 & we w\ld h our ,con/itution obey$1 n m]ely because ( =ce t compels ob$i5ce1 b obey$ because ! p love ! pr9ciples ( ! ,con/itution long cont9u$ applause1 & to-day1 if ,i am call$ to ! "w to :i* ,abraham ,l9coln 0 call$ sixte5 ye>s ago1 x is "u bright] skies & m favorable auspices4 ,applause4 ,i d hope1 ,i d f]v5tly believe1 t1 by ! aid ( div9e ,provid5ce1 we may d some?+ 9 ?is day ( peace1 by works ( peace1 t[>ds re-e/abli%+1 9 ! he>ts ( our c\ntrym51 a real1 a he>ty atta*m5t to ! ,con/itution z x is1 & to ! ,union z x is4 ,long cont9u$ applause40--,,presid5t ,,hayes4--,*icago ,tribune4 #c4 ,p>5!tical m>ks are frequ5tly us$ in/ead ( brackets4 ,,quotation ,,m>ks4 ,,rule ,i4 ,direct ,quotation4--,:5 ! exact words ( ano!r are giv51 !y %\ld be inclos$ 9 quotation m>ks4 ,,examples4 8,he _h ! longe/ tongue & ! %orte/ temp] ( any man1 high or l[1 ,i ev] met )40--,wilkie ,coll9s4 ,prescott1 9 8 8,conque/ ( ,mexico10 tells u t intemp]ance among ! ,aztecs 80 puni%$ 9 ! "y ) dea?1 & 9 old] p]sons ) loss ( rank & confiscation ( prop]ty40 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ! exact words ( ano!r are n giv51 quotation m>ks %\ld n be us$2 z1-- ,longfell[ says1-- 8,de$s are bett] ?+s ?an words are40 ,longfell[ some:]e says t de$s are bett] ?an words4 #b4 ,:5 words are quot$ f a =eign language1 !y %\ld be pr9t$ 9 italics1 & ! quotation m>ks omitt$2 z1 8,!y h _! good glebe l&s 9 manu1 & c>e n mu* to rake into title de$s40--,lamb4 #c4 ,:5 words are to be italiciz$1 a /raight m>k %\ld be drawn und]nea? ! words4 #d4 ,:5 a quotation is foll[$ by a comma1 semicolon1 colon1 or p]iod1 ! punctuation m>k %\ld be plac$ )9 ! quotation m>ks2 z1 8,mr4 ,m',adam writes sometimes ) g5u9e humor1 & an occasional entirely orig9al simile %[s evid5ce ( ! possession ( :at phr5ologi/s call ! faculty ( #8comp>ison2' b ! *>m ( ! book is its r>e p]spicacity40--,h>p]'s ,magaz9e4 #e4 ,:5 a quotation is foll[$ by an exclamation or an int]rogation po9t1 ! punctuation m>k %\ld be plac$ )9 ! quotation m>ks1 if x =ms a "p ( ! quotation2 z1 8,i feel almo/ l groan+1 :5 a "y "m %[s me "s m>vel ( embroid]y or ma*9e-/it*+1 say+ triumphantly1 #8,!re1 ,i did e /it* ( t myself6'0--,scribn]'s ,mon?ly4 #f4 ,:5 a quotation is foll[$ by an exclamation or an int]rogation po9t1 ! punctuation m>k %\ld be plac$ outside ( ! quotation m>ks1 if x belongs to ! :ole s5t5ce & n to ! quotation2 z1 8,we wond] :at ,h&el w\ld h said to ,moz>t's scor+ ( #8,i "k t my ,r$eem] live?'60--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 8,:y _c we he>1 = in/ance1 ! wond]ful curioso1 #8,he gave 8 back to ! smit]s1' t =ms ! second "p ( ! air1 #8,he 0 despis$1' & ! duet = contralto & t5or1 #8,o dea? :]e is ?y /+'80--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,titles ( ,books4--,titles ( books are g5]ally inclos$ 9 quotation m>ks4 ,,examples4 ,morris's 8,/ory ( ,sigurd40--,scribn]'s ,mon?ly4 8,! ,mikado's ,empire40--,n4 ,a4 ,review4 8,daniel ,d]onda40--,contempor>y ,review4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,capes's hi/ory ( 8,! ,e>ly ,roman ,empire40--,appleton's ,j\rnal4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! names ( magaz9es & pap]s are g5]ally pr9t$ 9 italics2 z1 ,! ,atlantic1 ,n4 ,y4 ,nation1 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 ,appleton's ,j\rnal1 ,nature1 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly4 #b4 ,9 exam9+ ,! ,atlantic1 ,nation1 ,scribn]'s ,mon?ly1 ,h>p]'s1 ,appleton's ,magaz9e1 ,lipp9cott's1 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,galaxy1 ,eclectic1 ,n4 ,a4 ,review1 ,new ,engl&]1 ,london ,qu>t]ly1 ,briti% ,qu>t]ly1 ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,ed9burgh ,review1 ,contempor>y ,review1 ,! ,=tnightly ,review1 we f9d t ?irte5 ( ^! use quotation m>ks1 & f\r use italics1 9 ref]r+ to ! titles ( books2 elev5 use italics1 & six use quotation m>ks1 9 ref]r+ to magaz9es & pap]s4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,a ,quotation )9 a ,quotation4--,:5 !re is a quotation )9 a quotation1 s+le m>ks %\ld be us$ 9 addition to d\ble m>ks4 ,,examples4 8,:o 0 ! blund]+ idiot :o said t #8f9e words butt] no p>snips4' ,half ! p>snips ( society are s]v$ & r5d]$ palatable ) no o!r sauce40--,?ack]ay4 8,!re is a small b anci5t frat]nity1 kn[n z ! ,ord] ( ,g5tlem54 ,x is a gr& old ord]4 ,a poet has said t ,*ri/ f\nd$ x2 t he 0 #8! fir/ true g5tleman t ev] liv$4'0--,w9?rop4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,sometimes ! quotation )9 a quotation has a ^w or phrase t is quot$4 ,! ^w or phrase mu/ be inclos$ 9 d\ble m>ks4 #b4 ,9 quot+ ,scripture1 x is cu/om>y to place only d\ble m>ks at ! beg9n+ & end ( ! quotation2 z1 8,& ,jesus1 mov$ ) compassion1 put =? 8 h&1 & t\*$ him1 & sai? unto him1 ,i w2 be ?\ clean40--,m>k i4 #da4 ,,rule ,,iv4 ,p>agraphs4--,:5 sev]al p>agraphs are quot$ 9 succession1 d\ble m>ks %\ld be plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ea* p>agraph1 & at ! end ( ! entire quotation4 ,,example4 8,! *ildr5 woke4 ,! little girl 0 ! fir/ to op5 h] eyes4 8,! wak+ ( *ildr5 is l ! unclos+ ( fl[]s1 a p]fume seems to exhale f ^? fre% "y s\ls4 ,georgette1 tw5ty mon?s old1 ! y\nge/ ( ! ?ree1 :o 0 /ill a nurs+ baby 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 rais$ h] little head1 sat up 9 h] cradle1 look$ at h] feet1 & began to *att]4 8,a ray ( morn+ fell across h] crib2 x w\ld h be5 difficult to decide :i* 0 ! rosie/1 ,georgette's foot or ,aurora40--,hugo4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a p>agraph usually consi/s ( sev]al s5t5ces4 ,x beg9s on a new l9e1 & is di/+ui%$ by a blank space on ! left1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! p>agraph4 #b4 ,:5 p>ts ( a quotation are omitt$1 use sev]al />s to indicate ! omission 799 99 99 9971 or place d\ble m>ks at ! beg9n+ & end ( ea* deta*$ "p ( ! quotation4 ,,! ,,apo/rophe4 ,,rule ,i4 ,lett]s ,omitt$4--,! apo/rophe is us$ to indicate ! omission ( a lett] or lett]s4 ,,examples4 8,o ,m>cia1 ,o my si/]1 /ill !re's hope60--,addison4 8,?\ kn[e/ 'tis common2 all1 t live1 mu/ die1 ,pass+ ?r\gh nature to et]nity40--,%akespe>e4 ,,rem>k4 ,! apo/rophe is made l a comma1 b is plac$ above ! l9e4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,possession4--,! apo/rophe is us$ to d5ote possession4 ,,examples4 ,ta9e's 8,engli% ,lit]ature40 ,rawl9son's 8,anci5t ,mon>*ies40 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! apo/rophe & s %\ld be us$ ) n\ns 9 ! s+ul>1 ev5 :5 ! ^w ends 9 s or x2 z1-- 8,dick5s's ,works40--,appleton's ,j\rnal4 8,cox's ,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ,greece40--,h>p]'s ,magaz9e4 8,evans's obs]vations40--,ed9burgh ,review4 8,mr4 ,hayes's responsibility40--,n4 ,y4 ,nation4 ,9 addition to ! p]iodicals giv5 above1 ,! ,atlantic1 ,scribn]'s ,mon?ly1 ,lipp9cott's ,magaz9e1 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,galaxy1 ,n4 ,a4 ,review1 ,london ,qu>t]ly1 ,briti% ,qu>t]ly1 ,=tnightly ,review1 use ! additional s4 ,! ,we/m9/] omits ! additional s4 ,9 ! ,contempor>y & ,ed9burgh ,review1 ! s is us$ by "s writ]s & omitt$ by o!rs4 #b4 ,9 ! plural ( n\ns1 ! apo/rophe & s are us$ to d5ote possession1 :5 ! ^w does n end 9 s2 z1 m5's de$s4 ,if ! ^w ends 9 s1 ! apo/rophe only is us$2 z1 my neighbors' h\se4 #c4 ,! apo/rophe %\ld n be us$ be=e s 9 ours1 y\rs1 h]s1 !irs1 its4 ,,! ,,hyph54 ,,rule ,i4 ,comp\nd ,words4--,! hyph5 is us$ to connect ! p>ts ( a comp\nd ^w4 ,,examples4 8,my h\sehold-gods plant a t]rible fix$ foot1 & are n to be root$ up )\t blood40--,lamb4 8,! breezy call ( inc5se-brea?+ morn40--,gray4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a comp\nd ^w is =m$ by plac+ toge!r two simple words4 #b4 ,sometimes sev]al words are connect$ toge!r by hyph5s2 z1 8,he _h a lively t\*-&-g-away ) him1 v pleasant & engag+ ,i admit40--,wilkie ,coll9s4 #c4 ,:5 a comp\nd ^w comes into v g5]al use1 ! hyph5 is sometimes omitt$2 z1 railroad1 /eamboat1 book/ore4 #d4 ,to-day1 to-night1 to-morr[1 %\ld always be writt5 ) a hyph54 #e4 ,:5 !re is any d\bt :e!r two words %\ld be unit$ by a hyph5 or writt5 z "o ^w1 "s /&>d diction>y %\ld be consult$4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be f\nd t ev5 diction>ies diff] some:at 9 ! use & omission ( ! hyph5 9 comp\nd words4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve "s uni=mity 9 spell+ & 9 ! =mation ( comp\nd words1 e writ] %\ld make ei!r ,web/] or ,worce/] ! f9al au?ority4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,prefixes4--,:5 a prefix ends 9 a v[el1 & ! ^w to :i* x is jo9$ comm5ces ) a v[el1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ by a hyph54 ,,examples4 ,re-admit1 co-ord9ate1 pre-exi/5ce1 pre-em95t4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a prefix is a lett]1 syllable1 or ^w1 plac$ be=e "s ^w1 ?us =m+ a new ^w4 #b4 ,if1 in/ead ( two v[els1 a v[el & a consonant come toge!r1 ! prefix & ! ^w to :i* x is jo9$ %\ld usually be writt5 z "o ^w2 z1 rewrite1 pr$et]m9e4 #c4 ,vice-presid5t1 & mo/ words ) vice z a prefix1 %\ld be writt5 ) a hyph54 #d4 ,"s writ]s use ! diresis in/ead ( ! hyph54 ,) prefixes x is bett] to use ! hyph51 b 9 o!r words conta9+ two v[els t d n =m a diph?ong1 ! diresis %\ld be us$2 z1 ,zology4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,division ( ,words4--,:5 x is necess>y to write "p ( a ^w at ! end ( a l9e & "p at ! beg9n+ ( ! next l9e1 ! division %\ld be made at ! end ( a syllable1 & ! p>ts %\ld be connect$ by a hyph51 at ! end ( ! l9e4 ,,example4 8,k is ( two k9ds4 ,we "k a sub- ject ourselves1 or we "k :]e we c f9d 9- =mation ^u x40--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,x is bett] to divide a ^w z ne> ! middle z possible4 #b4 ,:5 two words "o at ! end ( a l9e & ! o!r at ! comm5cem5t ( ! foll[+ l9e1 are sep>at$ by a punctuation m>k1 x %\ld be plac$ at ! end ( ! l9e1 & nev] at ! beg9n+4 ,,miscellane\s ,,m>ks4 ,i4 ,two ,commas 707 indicate t ! ^w "u :i* !y are plac$ is to be repeat$4 ,*>les ,h>rison1 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 ,cl9ton ,h>dy1 0 0 ,,ii4 ,! ,c>et 77 indicates t some?+ is writt5 above ! l9e t =ms a "p ( ! s5t5ce4 ,x is only us$ 9 writ+4 ,illu/ration ,,iii4 ,m>ks ( ,ellipsis 7--1 444441 99 99 99 99 997 indicate ! omission ( lett]s1 words1 or s5t5ces4 #a4 8,i 0 ! true desc5dant ( ^? old ,w--s40--,lamb4 #b4 8,i h a belief ( my own1 444 t by desir+ :at is p]fectly good1 ev5 :5 we don't q "k :at x is1 444 we are a "p ( a div9e p[] aga9/ evil1 wid5+ ! skirts ( light1 & mak+ ! /ruggle ) d>kness n>r[]40--,george ,eliot4 ,f\r words are omitt$ :]e ! fir/ dots are1 & five :]e ! second are4 #c4 8,my lov'd1 my hon\r'd1 mu* respect$ fri5d6 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,to y ,i s+1 9 simple ,scotti% lays1 ,! l[ly tra9 9 life's seque/]'d sc5e1 ,! native feel+ /rong1 ! guileless ways2 ,:at ,aik5 9 8 cottage w\ld h be540--,burns4 ,9 ! above1 ?ree l9es are omitt$4 ,,iv4 ,lead]s 74444447 are us$ to indicate a connection betwe5 words at ! beg9n+ ( ! l9e & :at is at ! end ( ! l9e4 ,w9n[$ ,:eat4444444444444444444,nellie ,r4 ,luck4 ,dreams1 a ,poem4444444444444444444,octa ,e4 ,wise4 ,v4 ,9 writ+1 "o l9e drawn "u a ^w indicates t x is to be pr9t$ 9 italics2 two l9es1 9 small capitals2 ?ree l9es1 9 capitals4 ,,vi4 ,m>ks ( ,ref]5ce are us$ to ref] to notes at ! bottom ( ! page1 or to rem>ks 9 ! m>g94 ,!y are ! foll[+3-- ,! ,/> 79971 ! ,dagg] 771 ! ,d\ble ,dagg] 771 ! ,section 771 ,p>allel ,l9es 771 ! ,p>agraph 774 ,! above m>ks are giv5 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are us$4 ,! ,p>agraph 77 is also us$1 9 writt5 compositions1 to d5ote t :at foll[s %\ld comm5ce a new l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,capitals4 ,,introduction4 ,x has be5 ! cu/om among "s writ]s to comm5ce e important ^w ) a capital1 s t "s pr9t$ productions h fairly bri/l$ ) capitaliz$ words2 z1-- 8,mod]n au?ors h ) unwe>i$ ,pa9s made _m useful ,se>*es into ! weak ,sides ( ! ,anci5ts1 & giv5 u a compreh5sive ,lift ( !m40--,swift4 8,!re 7 a ,race ( ,m5 :o delight$ to nibble at ! ,sup]fluities & ,excresc5ces ( ,books40--,swift4 ,! cu/om ( comm5c+ all n\ns ) a capital is /ill preval5t among ! ,g]mans ( ! pres5t day4 ,x is a some:at int]e/+ fact t ! use & value ( capitals has be5 subject to a rise & fall 9 ! lit]>y m>ket1 writt5 productions dur+ "s c5turies ab\nd+ 9 !m1 :ile 9 o!r c5turies !y h1 9 a great measure1 be5 disc>d$1 & h become comp>ative /rang]s 9 ,engli% composition4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury1 !re 0 a t5d5cy to use !m to an inconsid]ate ext5t1 ow+ pr9cipally to ,g]man imitators l ,c>lyle & o!rs1 :o adopt$1 9 a some:at modifi$ =m1 ! ,g]man me?od ( capitaliz+ words4 ,j at pres5t !re seems to be a reaction sett+ 91 & !re is a t5d5cy among "s ( our lead+ publi%+ h\ses to disp5se ) _! use z mu* z possible4 ,9 democratic ,am]ica1 !re has always be5 a some:at unreasonable fe> ( (ficial titles1 & :5 !y are us$1 !y are frequ5tly belittl$ ) small lett]s4 ,?is has _h a t5d5cy to enc\rage ! use ( small lett]s 9 _m words t %\ld prop]ly comm5ce ) capitals4 ,!re is no d\bt t a judici\s use ( capitals assi/s ! eye v mu* 9 read+ :at ano!r has writt51 & 9 und]/&+ a writ]'s mean+4 ,:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 an injudici\s use less5s _! value1 & disfigures a pr9t$ page4 ,al?\gh ! ta/e & judgm5t ( ea* writ] may be consult$ 9 ! capitalization ( "s words to :i* he may assign a special mean+1 !re are a numb] ( well e/abli%$ pr9ciples1 sanction$ by long usage1 t %\ld gov]n all writ]s 9 ! use ( capital lett]s4 ,,capitals4 ,,rule ,i4 ,s5t5ces4--,! fir/ ^w ( e s5t5ce %\ld comm5ce ) a capital4 ,,examples4 8,! price we *all5ge = ourselves is giv5 u40--,s*ill]4 8,! eld] bro!r ( ,frankl9 v5tur$ to />t a newspap]1 ?\gh w>n$ t ,am]ica c\ld nev] support two newspap]s40--,william ,russel4 8,tru/ 9 y\rself1 & y h le>nt to live40--,goe!4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a s5t5ce is an assemblage ( words mak+ complete s5se1 & foll[$ by a p]iod4 ,sometimes a s5t5ce has an int]rogation or an exclamation po9t at its close2 z1-- 8,= ( ! :olly common is man made1 ,& cu/om is 8 nurse60--,s*ill]4 #b4 ,any expression t is equival5t to a s5t5ce %\ld comm5ce ) a capital2 z1 ,v affectionately4 ,price #e4jj4 #c4 ,z a p]iod indicates ! close ( a s5t5ce1 ! ^w foll[+ ! p]iod %\ld comm5ce ) a capital2 z1 8,! little s\l is l a vapor t hov]s ar\nd a m>%y lake4 ,x nev] rises on ! gre5 hill1 le/ ! w9ds meet x !re40--,ossian4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a p]iod is us$ to indicate an abbreviation1 x %\ld n be foll[$ by a capital1 unless x is at ! close ( a s5t5ce1 or ! ^w t foll[s x requires a capital2 z1 ,9 ,g]many1 ! degrees ( ,m4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d41 & ,ph4 ,d4 are only ga9$ aft] pass+ a sev]e exam9ation4 #d4 ,al?\gh a capital is g5]ally us$ aft] an int]rogation or an exclamation po9t1 z !y usually indicate ! close ( a s5t5ce1 ?is is n always ! case2 z1-- 8,h[ poor6 h[ ri*6 h[ abject6 h[ augu/6 ,h[ complicate6 h[ wond]ful is man6 ,h[ pass+ wond] ,he :o made him su*6 ,:o c5t]$ 9 our make su* /range extremes60--,"y4 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,poetry4--,! fir/ ^w ( e l9e ( poetry %\ld comm5ce ) a capital4 ,,examples4 8,!re is a day ( sunny re/ ,= e d>k & tr\bl$ night2 ,& grief may bide an ev5+ gue/1 ,b joy %all come ) e>ly light40--,bryant4 8,b f> m num]\s 0 ! h]d ( su*1 ,:o ?9k too little & :o talk too mu*40--,dryd54 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,p]sons & ,places4--,names ( p]sons1 c\ntries1 cities1 isl&s1 riv]s1 m\nta9s1 c41 %\ld comm5ce ) capitals4 ,,examples4 8,! f9e/ ?ief ( old hi/ory is ! pirate :o made t fam\s answ] to ,alex&]1 9 :i* he said t ! conqu]or 0 only ! mighti] ?ief ( ! two40--,leigh ,hunt4 ,am]ica1 ,france1 ,london1 ,new ,york1 ,we/ ,indies1 ,hudson1 ,rh9e1 ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,pacific4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 ,ea/1 c41 ref] to political or geographical divisions1 !y %\ld comm5ce ) capitals2 z1 8,b sectional bitt]ness has 9 a great measure pass$ away2 ! fatal cause ( discord betwe5 ,nor? & ,s\? has be5 remov$40 ,:5 ^! words ref] m]ely to ! po9ts ( ! compass1 !y %\ld be writt5 ) small lett]s4 #b4 ,words d]iv$ f ! names ( p]sons %\ld comm5ce ) capitals2 z1 ,socratic1 ,platonic1 ,elizabe?an4 ,:5 words d]iv$ f ! names ( p]sons or places lose _! individual "*1 & are us$ z common words1 !y %\ld comm5ce ) small lett]s2 z1 god-l1 hector1 turkey1 *9a-w>e1 laconic4 #c4 ,heav5 & hell are writt5 ) small lett]s 9 ! ,bible4 ,satan is always pr9t$ ) a capital1 b devil comm5ces ) a small lett]1 unless x /&s = ,satan2 z1 8,!n 0 ,jesus l$ up ( ! ,_s into ! wild]ness to be tempt$ ( ! devil40--,mat4 iv4 #a4 ,,rule ,,iv4 ,nations4--,! names ( nations1 or words d]iv$ f ! names ( nations1 %\ld comm5ce ) capitals4 ,,examples4 8#8,simply to be poor1' says my favorite ,greek hi/orian1 #80 n held sc&al\s by ! wise ,a!nians2 b highly s1 to owe t pov]ty to our own indiscretion4'0--,field+4 ,am]ican1 ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,lat9s1 ,am]icanize1 ,lat9ize1 ,hell5ize4 ,,rem>k4 ,italics & ,italicize are frequ5tly writt5 ) small lett]s4 ,,rule ,v4 ,sects & ,p>ties4--,! names ( religi\s sects & political p>ties %\ld comm5ce ) capitals4 ,,examples4 ,*ri/ian1 ,mohamm$an1 ,lu!ran1 ,ca?olic1 ,prote/ant1 ,episcopal1 ,presbyt]ian1 ,bapti/1 ,unit>ian4 ,republican1 ,f$]ali/1 ,democrat1 ,:ig1 ,tory1 ,radical4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 republican1 radical1 c41 are us$ z common words1 & n z ! names ( political p>ties1 !y %\ld comm5ce ) small lett]s2 z1 republican in/itutions1 radical measures4 #b4 ,"s writ]s use small lett]s1 :5 ref]r+ to political p>ties4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is incorrect to write ,congregational1 ,me?odi/1 ) small lett]s1 :y is x n incorrect to comm5ce ,republican1 ,:ig1 ) small lett]s8 #c4 ,*ur* %\ld be writt5 ) a capital1 :5 x ref]s to a religi\s sect2 z1 ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1 mean+ ! :ole body ( ,*ri/ians belong+ to t d5om9ation4 ,:5 ! ^w ref]s to a place ( wor%ip1 x %\ld comm5ce ) a small lett]4 ,,rule ,,vi4 ,mon?s & ,days4--,! names ( mon?s & days %\ld comm5ce ) capitals4 ,,examples4 8,no "o ev] reg>d$ ! fir/ ( ,janu>y ) indiff]5ce4 ,x is t f :i* all date _! "t1 & c\nt ^u :at is left4 ,x is ! nativity ( our common ,adam40--,lamb4 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 ,april1 ,may2 ,monday1 ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday1 ,sunday1 ,good ,friday1 ,ea/]4 ,,rem>k4 ,spr+1 summ]1 autumn1 w9t]1 %\ld be writt5 ) small lett]s4 ,,rule ,,vii4 ,titles ( ,books4--,all ! words1 ) ! exception ( articles1 conjunctions1 & prepositions1 9 ! titles ( books1 %\ld comm5ce ) a capital4 ,,examples4 ,=sy?'s 8,life ( ,cic]o40 8,! ,fall ( ! ,roman ,republic10 ,rev4 ,c4 ,m]ivale4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,x is j z necess>y to capitalize ! title ( a book1 z x is ! "n ( a p]son4 #b4 ,! title ( an oration1 essay1 article = a newspap]1 or ( any writt5 production1 foll[s ! same rule z ! title ( a book4 #c4 ,names ( sacr$ writ+s %\ld always be capitaliz$2 z1 ,bible1 ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ,scriptures1 ,acts1 ,revelation1 ,gospel ( ,john1 ,koran1 ,v$as4 ,,rule ,,viii4 ,title-,pages4--,! title-pages ( books are g5]ally pr9t$ entirely ) capitals4 ,! title-page ( any book w illu/rate ?is rule4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,?is rule conc]ns m especially ! pr9t]4 #b4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a *apt] is g5]ally pr9t$ 9 small capitals1 ! fir/ lett] ( ! ^w be+ a l>ge capital4 #c4 ,9 h&bills & adv]tisem5ts1 all important words are capitaliz$1 s z to attract special att5tion4 ,,rule ,,ix4 ,titles ( ,p]sons4--,all titles ( respect or honor %\ld be capitaliz$4 ,!re are ?ree classes ( titles3-- #a4 ,common ,titles4 ,mr41 ,mrs41 ,miss1 ,ma/]4 #b4 ,pr(essional ,titles4 ,pr(1 ,dr41 ,d4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d41 c4 #c4 ,(ficial ,titles4 ,hon41 ,8 ,excell5cy1 ,8 ,honor1 ,presid5t1 ,secret>y1 ,s5ator1 ,mr4 ,*airman1 c4 ,,examples4 ,presid5t ,hayes1 ,s5ator ,morton1 ,hon4 ,?omas ,w4 ,f]ry1 ,dr4 ,*as4 ,rynd1 ,mr4 ,fr$4 ,j4 ,todd4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a di/9ction %\ld always be made betwe5 words us$ z titles1 & words us$ 9 a g5]al s5se4 ,= example1 s5ator %\ld comm5ce ) a small lett]1 if x is n plac$ be=e ! "n ( a p]son z a title1 or does n ref] to a p>ticul> individual4 ,?is is ! same ) presid5t1 secret>y1 doctor1 c42 z1 8,a pati5t owes "s ?anks to a doctor :o re/ores him ) nect> smoo? & fragrant1 in/ead ( rasp+ 8 ?roat & flay+ 8 int]ior ) ! bitt]s suck$ by s\r-temp]$ roots f vix5i% soils40--,w9?rop4 #b4 ,fa!r1 bro!r1 si/]1 aunt1 uncle1 c\s91 c41 %\ld comm5ce ) a capital1 :5 !y are us$ l titles ) ! names ( p]sons2 z1 ,fa!r ,pi]ce1 ,c\s9 ,blackm>4 #c4 ,sir1 fa!r1 bro!r1 fri5d1 c41 :5 us$ z introductory words to a lett]1 %\ld comm5ce ) capitals1 z a m>k ( respect2 z1 ,my de> ,sir1 ,my de> ,fri5d4 #d4 ,9 writ+ su* titles z ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,alex&] ! ,great1 all ! words 9 ! title %\ld comm5ce ) a capital1 except ( & !4 ,,rule ,x4 ,! ,deity4--,all names ( ! ,supreme ,be+ or 8 ,son %\ld comm5ce ) a capital4 ,,examples4 8,b x is n[ "t to dep>t1--,i to die1 b y to live4 ,b :i* ( u is go+ to ! bett] /ate is unkn[n to e "o b ,god40--,socrates4 8,= ,god s lov$ ! _w t he gave 8 only begott5 ,son1 t :osoev] believe? 9 him %\ld n p]i% b h ev]la/+ life40--,john iii4 #af4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,writ]s diff] some:at 9 ! use ( capitals 9 words ref]r+ to ! ,deity4 ,"s capitalize all words 9 any way ref]r+ to ! ,supreme ,be+1 :ile o!rs simply capitalize ! words t to !m seem important4 ,!re %\ld be "s uni=mity 9 ! use ( capitals 9 words ( ?is "*4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x is bett] to foll[ ! usage ( an au?oriz$ v]sion ( ! ,scriptures4 #b4 ,su* words z ,fir/ ,cause1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciple1 ,almighty ,god1 ,supreme ,be+1 ,"l ,god ,almighty1 ,inf9ite ,"o1 %\ld always be writt5 ) capitals4 #c4 ,k+ ( k+s1 ,"l ( lords1 ,son ( man1 ,fa!r ( lights1 ,fa!r ( spirits1 ,god ( ho/s1 ,fa!r ( m]cies1 ,pr9ce ( life1 ,pr9ce ( k+s1 & expressions ( a simil> "*1 %\ld only comm5ce ) a capital4 ,?is is ! almo/ inv>iable usage ( ! ,scriptures4 ,^! expressions are n commonly us$ 9 ! ,bible z titles1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w4 ,= example1 ,k+ ( k+s really means t ! ,deity is ! supreme ,k+ ( all human k+s4 ,= illu/ration see #a ,tim4 vi4 #ae2 ,dan4 vii4 #ac2 ,jas4 i4 #ag2 ,heb4 xii4 #i2 ,psa4 lxxx4 #g2 #b ,cor4 i4 #c2 ,acts iii4 #ae2 ,mat4 xii4 #cb4 ,:5 ^! =ms are us$ z titles1 !y may be capitaliz$ l titles4 #d4 ,! adjectives et]nal1 div9e1 heav5ly1 are n pr9t$ ) capitals 9 ! ,scriptures1 :5 ref]r+ to ! ,deity2 z1 ! et]nal ,god1 heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,see ,deut4 xxxiii4 #bg2 ,heb4 ix4 #ad2 ,mat4 vi4 #cb2 #b ,pet4 i4 #c4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ^! adjectives are us$ 9 an emphatic or special s5se1 !y may comm5ce ) capitals4 #e4 ,! pron\ns ref]r+ to ! ,deity %\ld n be capitaliz$1 :5 !y are us$ ) "s "n ( ! ,supreme ,be+2 z1 8,at t "t ,jesus answ]$ & said1 ,i ?ank !e1 ,o ,fa!r1 ,"l ( heav5 & e>?1 because ?\ ha/ hid ^! ?+s f ! wise & prud5t1 & ha/ reveal$ !m to babes40--,mat4 xi4 #be4 ,any *apt] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t w give simil> illu/rations4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a pron\n ref]r+ to ! ,deity /&s alone1 x %\ld comm5ce ) a capital2 z1-- 8,o ,?\6 ) :om ! night is day1 ,& "o ! ne> & f> away40--,:itti]4 #f4 ,! capitalization ( pron\ns is sometimes c>ri$ to a ridicul\s excess by "s writ]s1 especially 9 poetry2 z1 8,we praise ,!e1 ,o ,god6 = ! ,son ( ,?y love40 #g4 ,god1 goddess1 deity1 appli$ to hea!n div9ities1 %\ld n comm5ce ) a capital4 ,,rule ,,xi4 ,quotations4--,:5 ! exact words ( ano!r are giv51 ! fir/ ^w ( ! quotation %\ld comm5ce ) a capital1 if x =ms a complete s5t5ce4 ,,examples4 8,:5 ! celebrat$ ,*e/]field 0 ask$ by a ,p>isian lady1 #8,:y1 my ,"l1 does ,engl& /ill reta9 ,*ri/ianity8' #8,madame1' he repli$1 ) t mixture ( rep>tee & philosophy :i* met ! case he 0 deal+ )1 #8,madame1 because1 z yet1 we h be5 able to f9d no?+ bett]4'0 ,field+ some:]e says1 8,a good face is a lett] ( recomm5dation40 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 a quotation is introduc$ by t1 x %\ld n comm5ce ) a capital2 z1 ,napoleon bani%$ ,madame de ,/ael because he said t 8%e c>ri$ a quiv] ( arr[s t c\ld hit a man if he 7 seat$ on a ra9b[40 #b4 ,:5 only a "p ( a s5t5ce is quot$1 a small lett] %\ld be us$2 z1 8,= :at satisfaction ha? a man1 t he %all #8lie d[n ) k+s & emp]ors 9 dea?1' :o 9 8 lifetime nev] greatly covet$ ! society ( su* b$fell[s80--,lamb4 #c4 ,sometimes a s+le ^w comprises ! entire say+ ( ano!r4 ,:5 ?is is s1 x %\ld comm5ce ) a capital2 z1 8,he %\t$1 #8,victory4'0 #d4 ,:5 examples are giv5 z illu/rations ( "s g5]al pr9ciple1 !y naturally foll[ ! same rule z quotations4 ,if an entire s5t5ce is giv5 z an example1 x %\ld comm5ce ) a capital4 ,:5 disconnect$ words are giv51 small lett]s may be us$1 unless ! words !mselves require capitals4 ,,rule ,,xii4 ,resolutions4--,9 writ+ resolutions1 ! ^w imm$iately foll[+ ,resolv$1 %\ld comm5ce ) a capital4 ,,example4 8,resolv$1 ,t ! ,decl>ation1 pass$ on ! f\r?1 be fairly engross$ on p>*m5t1 ) ! title & /yle ( #8,! ,unanim\s ,decl>ation ( ! ,?irte5 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica2' & t ! same1 :5 engross$1 be sign$ by e memb] ( ,congress40 ,,rem>k4 ,resolv$ comm5ces ) a capital 9 resolutions1 & a comma imm$iately prec$es ,t4 ,,rule ,,xiii4 ,special ,words4--,words us$ 9 a special s5se1 or ( special importance1 comm5ce ) capitals4 ,,examples4 8,z n[adays we build monum5ts to great m51 s 9 ! ,middle ,ages !y built %r9es or *apels on ! spots :i* sa9ts _h made holy40--,fr\de4 8,! ,re=mation broke ! !ological %ackles 9 :i* m5's m9ds 7 fett]$40--,fr\de4 8,t ,popul>ity is alone valuable & endur+ :i* foll[s y1 n t :i* y run aft]40--,"l ,mansfield4 ,,rem>k4 ,al?\gh x is ! univ]sal cu/om to capitalize a ^w :5 us$ 9 a special s5se to m>k an important p]iod or ev5t 9 hi/ory1 !re is ano!r class ( words to :i* writ]s assign a special importance1 ! capitalization ( :i* mu/ necess>ily be left to ! judgm5t & ta/e ( ea* writ]4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be rememb]$ t an injudici\s or too frequ5t use ( capitals less5s _! value & =ce1 & disfigures a writt5 or pr9t$ page4 ,,rule ,,xiv4 ,words ,p]sonifi$4--,:5 ?+s )\t life are repres5t$ z p]sons1 !y may comm5ce ) capitals4 ,,example4 8,fa!r ,"t is n always a h>d p>5t1 & ?\gh he t>ries = none ( 8 *ildr51 he (t5 lays 8 h& lightly ^u ^? :o h us$ him well2 mak+ !m old m5 & wom5 inexorably en\gh1 b leav+ _! he>ts & spirits "y & 9 full vigor4 ,) su* p ! gray head is b ! impression ( ! old fell['s h& 9 giv+ !m a bless+1 & e wr9kle b a not* 9 ! quiet cal5d> ( a well-sp5t life40--,dick5s4 ,,rem>k4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to c>ry ?is rule to an excess4 ,unless ! p]sonification is vivid & emphatic1 use small lett]s2 z1-- 8,_m a daylight dawn$ & d>k5$1 ,_m a night %ook (f ! daylight ,z ! p9e %akes (f ! sn[-flakes ,f ! midnight ( its bran*es40--,longfell[4 ,,rule ,,xv4 ,i & ,o4--,! pron\n ,i & ! int]jection ,o %\ld always be writt5 ) capitals4 ,,examples4 8,true fai?1 ,i tell !e1 ,mu/ ev] be ! de>e/ fri5d to man3 ,8 nature prompts him to ass]t its rights40--,s*ill]4 8,z wise z :5 ,i w5t to s*ool40--,goe!4 8,o day6 ,o day6 ,o day6 ,o hateful day6 ,nev] 0 se5 s black a day z ?is40--,,%akespe>e4 ,,rule ,,xvi4 ,ref]5ces4--,9 ref]r+ to passages 9 books1 numb]s are sometimes repres5t$ by capital lett]s4 ,,examples4 ,irv+'s 8,life ( ,wa%+ton10 vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #gg4 ,momms5's 8,hi/ory ( ,rome10 vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #ah4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,"s comm5ce volume & *apt] ) a capital1 b ?is is n ! usual cu/om4 #b4 ,! volume1 *apt]1 & page may be giv51 b ! volume & page are suffici5t4 #c4 ,9 ref]r+ to passages 9 ! ,bible1 ! *apt] & v]se are giv52 z ,luke1 *ap4 ix4 #ae4 ,x is ! usual cu/om to omit ! ^w *apt]1 ! lett]s repres5t+ ! *apt]2 & ! numb]1 ! v]se2 z1 8,x may be fit to rememb] t ,moses1 ,lev4 xi4 #i1 ,deut4 xiv4 #i1 appo9t$ fi% to be ! *ief diet ( ! be/ commonweal? t ev] yet 040--,izaak ,walton4 ,,rule ,,xvii4 ,divisions ( a ,/atem5t4--,:5 a g5]al /atem5t is divid$ into sep>ate & di/9ct p>ts1 x is bett] to comm5ce ea* division ) a capital1 ev5 :5 !y d n =m complete s5t5ces1 & are n sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a p]iod4 ,?is is especially ! case :5 ! divisions are numb]$4 ,,example4 8,! hi/ory ( ! normal developm5t ( ! individual has its c\nt]p>t 9 ! hi/ory ( humanity4 ,!re is1 #a4 ,! age ( popul> & unconsci\s morality2 #b4 ,! transitional1 skeptical1 or sophi/ical age2 & #c4 ,! philosophic or consci\s age ( morality40 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ea* division comm5ces ) a capital & is also numb]$1 !y w be m readily recogniz$ & und]/ood4 #b4 ,"s writ]s numb] ! divisions1 b d n comm5ce !m ) capitals2 z1 8,! tea*+ ( composition requires1 7#a7 a cultivation ( ?\ght2 & 7#b7 a cultivation ( ! faculty ( expression40 ,x is bett] to comm5ce ea* division ) a capital4 #c4 ,:5 a s5t5ce is brok5 (f to comm5ce a new l9e1 9 ord] to give special prom95ce to a /atem5t1 or to attract att5tion1 a capital %\ld be us$2 z1-- ,i am1 de> ,"m1 ,y\r dutiful son1 ,sam4 ,johnson4 ,illu/ration3 ,lett]-,=ms4 ,,introduction4 ,9 writ+ lett]s1 or 9 prep>+ any?+ = ! press1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to write a pla91 readable h&4 ,_m a valuable position has be5 lo/ because ( poor p5man%ip1 & _m wor?y productions h be5 ?r[n into ! wa/e-basket1 because !y h be5 poorly writt54 ,m5 ( di/9ction c af=d to write a poor h&1 to ! inconv5i5ce ( fri5ds1 & ! tr\ble ( pr9t]s1 b1 z a g5]al rule1 a poor writ] labors "u a great disadvantage4 ,! foll[+ facts %\ld be rememb]$ 9 writ+ lett]s3-- #a4 ,a lett] %\ld n be writt5 on half a %eet ( pap]1 unless x is a bus9ess lett]4 #b4 ,bus9ess lett]s %\ld be z brief z cle>ness w p]mit4 #c4 ,x is nev] all[able to write across a writt5 page4 #d4 ,all unnecess>y fl\ri%es %\ld be avoid$4 #e4 ,black ink is pref]able1 & x is m durable ?an any o!r4 ,,! ,,address4 ,,introductory ,,rem>k4 ,! mo/ important "p ( lett]-writ+ is to prop]ly direct a lett]4 ,dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 ne>ly #d1jjj1jjj lett]s f\nd _! way to ! ,dead ,lett] ,(fice1 #fg1jjj ( :i* 7 misdirect$4 ,:5 we consid] ! loss to bus9ess firms 9 n promptly receiv+ important lett]s1 ! anxiety to fri5ds & relatives 9 ! delay ( expect$ lett]s1 ! exp5se to ! gov]nm5t 9 s5d+ !m to ! ,dead ,lett] ,(fice1 & 9 h&l+ & return+ !m to ! writ]s1 ! prop] direction ( a lett] becomes a matt] ( v s]i\s importance4 ,def9ition4--,! address consi/s ( ! title & "n ( ! p]son to :om ! lett] is writt51 ! city & ! /ate 9 :i* he lives2 z1-- ,mr4 ,william ,k4 ,bixby1 ,h\/on1 ,texas4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to write ! address 9 a cle>1 bold h&4 #b4 ,! usual titles are ,mr41 ,mrs41 ,miss1 & ,ma/]4 ,! la/ title is us$ 9 address+ a boy4 #c4 ,esq4 is sometimes plac$ aft] ! "n1 in/ead ( plac+ ,mr4 be=e4 ,x is us$ m especially ) ! names ( lawy]s1 arti/s1 & m5 ( social position4 ,:5 ,esq4 is us$1 nev] use ,mr4 ,position4--,! title & "n %\ld be writt5 ab\t ! middle ( ! envelope1 beg9n+ on ! left4 ,bel[ ! title & "n1 & f>!r to ! "r1 %\ld be writt5 ! city2 bel[ ! city1 ! /ate4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,x is cu/om>y to abbreviate ! "n ( ! /ate4 ,great c>e1 h[ev]1 %\ld be tak5 to prop]ly abbreviate ! ^w4 ,"s abbreviations are s simil> to ea* o!r t mi/akes frequ5tly arise3 #b4 ,! address %\ld nev] be writt5 diagonally4 ,punctuation4--,a comma %\ld be plac$ aft] ! "n ( ! p]son1 & aft] ! "n ( ! city4 ,a p]iod %\ld be plac$ at ! end4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,mr41 ,mrs41 ,esq41 ,rev41 ,dr41 ,pr(41 ,pres41 ,capt41 c41 are all abbreviations1 & consequ5tly ! abbreviations %\ld be indicat$ by a p]iod4 ,miss is n an abbreviation1 & ?us requires no m>k aft] x4 ,messrs4 is also an abbreviation4 ,x is us$ 9 address+ a firm1 b x is frequ5tly omitt$4 #b4 ,if any "p ( a p]son's "n is abbreviat$1 a p]iod %\ld always be us$ to indicate ! abbreviation2 z1 ,john ,s4 ,c4 ,abbott4 ,! ,s4 & ,c4 )\t a p]iod really mean no?+4 #c4 ,"s place a comma betwe5 ! p>ts ( a p]son's "n4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is incorrect4 ,see p4 #af d4 #d4 ,all ! words 9 ! address %\ld be capitaliz$1 except prepositions & articles4 ,honor>y ,titles4--,x is cu/om>y to give ! pr(essional title or titles ( ! p]son to :om a lett] is direct$1 & if he occupies "s responsible position1 ?is also %\ld be indicat$ 9 ! address2 z1-- ,rev4 ,e4 ,o4 ,hav51 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,*ancellor ( ,syracuse ,univ]sity1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,honor>y titles %\ld be giv5 = two reasons3-- 7a7 ,z a m>k ( respect4 7b7 ,! address w be m readily recogniz$ by po/ma/]s1 & ! lett] w be m likely to rea* its de/9ation )\t delay4 #b4 ,:5 titles are writt5 aft] a p]son's "n1 a comma %\ld be plac$ aft] ea* title1 = ! reason t a comma w\ld be necess>y1 if ! title 0 writt5 out 9 full2 z1 ,a4 ,m41 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 #c4 ,"s writ]s make ! mi/ake ( plac+ a p]iod aft] ! fir/ ,l 9 ,,ll4,d4 ,?is title /&s = ,doctor ( ,laws1 ! ,,ll4 indicat+ ! plural ( ,law4 ,z ! two lett]s /& = "o ^w1 ! p]iod mu/ necess>ily be plac$ aft] ! second ,l4 #d4 ,hon4 applies to judges1 s5ators1 repres5tatives1 heads ( gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts1 mayors1 & o!rs ( simil> rank2 z1 ,hon4 ,?omas ,m4 ,cooley4 #e4 ,8 ,excell5cy applies to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 an ,ambassador ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ! ,gov]nor ( a ,/ate4 ,?is title %\ld be writt5 on a l9e by itself2 z1-- ,8 ,excell5cy1 ,gov4 ,c4 ,m4 ,croswell1 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 #f4 ,9 address+ a m>ri$ lady1 ! pr(essional title ( h] husb& is sometimes us$2 z1 ,mrs4 ,dr4 ,hav54 #g4 ,two pr(essional titles mean+ ! same ?+ %\ld nev] be us$2 z1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,d4 ,smi?1 ,m4 ,d4 ,l>ge ,cities4--,:5 ! p]son to :om ! lett] is address$1 lives 9 a l>ge city :]e lett]s are deliv]$ at places ( bus9ess or private resid5ces1 ! title & "n1 numb] ( h\se & /reet1 ! city1 & /ate %\ld be giv52 z1-- ,a4 ,s4 ,b>nes ,co41 #cd & #cf ,madison ,/41 ,*icago4 ,ill4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! title & "n %\ld be writt5 fir/1 ! numb] & /reet to ! "r & a little bel[1 ! city bel[ ! "n ( ! /reet1 & ! /ate "u ! city4 #b4 ,! "n ( ! /ate might be omitt$ 9 ! address above giv54 ,x is n really necess>y to give ! /ate1 :5 ! city is s widely kn[n t no mi/ake c arise1 if ! "n ( ! /ate is omitt$2 z1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,bo/on4 ,small ,t[ns & ,villages4--,! "n ( ! c\nty 9 :i* a small t[n or village is locat$1 %\ld always be giv5 9 ! address4 ,if ! p]son to :om ! lett] is writt51 lives 9 ! c\ntry1 ! ne>e/ po/-(fice mu/ be giv51 toge!r ) ! c\nty & /ate4 ,! "n ( ! place 9 :i* a p]son lives1 & 8 po/-(fice address1 may be two v diff]5t ?+s4 ,mr4 ,george ,h>vey1 ,palmyra1 ,l5awee ,co41 ,mi*4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! title & "n %\ld be writt5 fir/2 ! t[n1 village1 or po/-(fice1 second2 ! c\nty1 ?ird2 ! /ate la/4 #b4 ,sometimes lett]s are deta9$ at po/-(fices1 by reason ( ! directions n be+ suffici5tly complete4 ,address$ ,envelopes4--,x is ! cu/om ) bus9ess firms1 :5 an answ] to a lett] is ask$ z a favor1 to s5d1 )9 ! lett]1 a /amp$ envelope prop]ly address$4 ,! address is usually pr9t$1 s t no mi/ake c be made4 ,9 all cases1 ev5 :5 an address$ envelope is n requir$1 :5 a favor is ask$ f an acqua9tance or a fri5d1 & an answ] is desir$1 a po/age /amp %\ld always be inclos$4 ,x is c]ta9ly an unp>donable presumption to ask ev5 a fri5d to write a lett] = a p>ticul> purpose1 & expect him to pay = its prop] deliv]y4 ,lett]s ) ,special ,reque/4--,sometimes directions are writt5 or pr9t$ on envelopes z to ! disposal ( lett]s1 if n call$ = )9 a c]ta9 "t4 ,?is %\ld always be done :5 address+ bus9ess lett]s4 ,^! directions are writt5 or pr9t$ on ! left ( ! envelope1 ne> ! top4 ,see =m on p4 #ha4 ,! ,/amp4--,! /amp %\ld be plac$ 9 ! "r-h& corn] ( ! envelope1 ne> ! top4 ,x seems h>dly necess>y to say t e lett] %\ld be prop]ly /amp$1 & yet betwe5 ?ree & f\r hundr$ ?\s& lett]s are annually s5t to ! ,dead ,lett] ,(fice1 because ! writ]s _h =gott5 to prop]ly /amp !m4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,address4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,a lett] ( ,introduction %\ld be left unseal$4 ,illu/ration ,:5 a lett] is intru/$ to an acqua9tance or to a fri5d = deliv]y1 x %\ld n be seal$4 ,,lett]-,,=ms4 ,i4 ,adrian1 ,mi*41 ,nov4 #f1 #ahgg4 ,,ii4 ,mr4 ,william ,k4 ,bixby1 ,h\/on1 ,texas4 ,,iii4 ,de> ,sir1-- ,,iv4 ,y\r favor 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v4 ,v truly1 ,joseph ,m4 ,bla94 ,9 ! lett]-=m above giv51 !re are five p>ts to be consid]$3-- ,i4 ,,! ,,head+4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,address4 ,,iii4 ,,introductory ,,words4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,lett]4 ,v4 ,,! ,,conclusion4 ,i4 ,,! ,,head+4 ,def9ition4--,! head+ consi/s ( ! "n ( ! city 9 :i* ! writ] lives1 ! /ate1 ! mon?1 ! day ( ! mon?1 & ! ye>2 z1-- ,adrian1 ,mi*41 ,nov4 #f1 #ahgg4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,great c>e %\ld always be tak5 to give 9 ! head+1 n only ! city1 b also ! /ate4 ,if ! lett] %\ld be s5t to ! ,dead ,lett] ,(fice1 ! head+ w prop]ly indicate ! place to :i* ! lett] is to be return$4 #b4 ,! head+ indicates to ! p]son :o receives ! lett] :]e an answ] is to be s5t4 #c4 ,sometimes ! day ( ! week is giv52 z1 ,adrian1 ,monday1 ,nov4 #e1 #ahgg4 ,punctuation4--,a comma %\ld be plac$ aft] ! city1 /ate1 & date4 ,a p]iod %\ld be plac$ at ! end4 ,if a ^w is abbreviat$1 a p]iod %\ld be us$ to indicate ! abbreviation1 & a comma %\ld also be us$1 if ! ^w writt5 out 9 full w\ld require a comma2 z1-- ,adrian1 ,mi*igan1 ,novemb] #f1 #ahgg4 ,adrian1 ,mi*41 ,nov4 #f1 #ahgg4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,"s writ]s ?\ghtlessly place a comma betwe5 ! "n ( ! mon? & ! day ( ! mon?2 z1 ,novemb]1 #f1 or ,nov41 #f4 ,! #f =ms an ess5tial "p ( ! mon?1 & %\ld n be sep>at$ f x by a punctuation m>k4 #b4 ,x is bett] to omit /1 ?1 or d aft] ! numb] indicat+ ! day ( ! mon?4 ,x c]ta9ly looks neat] to write ! date )\t ! m>ks & dots t sometimes disfigure ! head+ ( lett]s4 #c4 ,"s pref] to place ! numb] be=e ! "n ( ! mon?2 z1 ,adrian1 ,mi*41 #f ,nov41 #ahgg4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! usual practice4 ,l>ge ,cities4--,9 l>ge cities :]e lett]s are deliv]$ by lett]-c>ri]s1 x is necess>y to give1 9 ! head+ ( a lett]1 ! numb] ( ! h\se & ! "n ( ! /reet4 ,! ord] %\ld be numb]1 /reet1 city1 /ate1 mon?1 day ( ! mon?1 ye>2 z1-- #bae ,prospect ,/41 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ,m>* #e1 #ahgg4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,sometimes ! size ( ! pap] necessitates ! use ( ?ree l9es = ! head+4 ,if ?is %\ld be necess>y1 ! numb] ( ! h\se & ! "n ( ! /reet %\ld be on ! fir/ l9e2 ! city & /ate1 on ! second2 ! mon?1 ! day ( ! mon?1 & ye>1 on ! ?ird4 ,ea* l9e %\ld comm5ce f>!r to ! "r ?an ! prec$+2 z1-- #bae ,prospect ,/41 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ,m>* #e1 #ahgg4 #b4 ,z few l9es z possible %\ld be us$ 9 ! head+4 ,9 s5d+ lett]s f well kn[n cities l ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 c41 x is n necess>y to give ! /ate4 ,:5 ! "n ( ! /ate is omitt$1 ! head+ c usually be writt5 on two l9es4 #c4 ,a p]iod %\ld be plac$ aft] ,/41 because x is an abbreviation4 ,a comma %\ld also foll[ ! p]iod1 because ! ^w writt5 9 full w\ld require a comma4 #bae ,prospect ,/41 is "o item2 ,clevel&1 a second2 ,ohio1 a ?ird2 ,m>* #e1 a f\r?2 #ahgg1 a fif?4 ,a ,small ,t[n or ,village4--,if ! place 9 :i* ! writ] lives1 is a small t[n or village1 ! "n ( ! place1 c\nty1 & /ate %\ld be giv52 z1-- ,palmyra1 ,l5awee ,co41 ,mi*41 ,sept4 #ac1 #ahgg4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! c\nty %\ld be giv5 s t an answ] to ! lett] may be prop]ly direct$4 #b4 ,if ! writ] lives 9 ! c\ntry1 ! po/-(fice :]e 8 lett]s are receiv$1 %\ld be giv51 & n ! place :]e he lives4 ,hotels4--,:5 a lett] is writt5 at "s prom95t hotel1 x is cu/om>y to give ! "n ( ! hotel 9 ! head+2 z1-- ,gr& ,c5tral ,hotel1 ,new ,york1 ,jan4 #aj1 #ahgg4 ,sem9>ies & ,colleges4--,9 writ+ f a sem9>y1 college1 or univ]sity1 ! "n ( ! in/itution is sometimes giv52 z1-- ,female ,sem9>y1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ,april #aa1 #ahgg4 ,position4--,! head+ %\ld be writt5 on ! fir/ l9e1 on ! "r h&1 comm5c+ ab\t ! middle ( ! l9e4 ,if m ?an "o l9e is requir$1 ! second l9e %\ld comm5ce f>!r to ! "r ?an ! fir/1 & ! ?ird ?an ! second4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 a lett] does n fill a full page1 ! head+ %\ld n be writt5 on ! fir/ l9e4 ,! space at ! head ( ! lett] %\ld be ab\t ! same z at ! bottom4 ,9 bus9ess lett]s1 ?is is n necess>y4 #b4 ,"s write ! city1 /ate1 mon?1 c41 at ! close ( a lett]4 ,?is is n h[ev]1 ! usual =m4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,address4 ,def9ition4--,! address 9 ! inside ( a lett] %\ld be ! same z ! address on ! envelope4 ,x consi/s ( ! title & "n ( ! p]son to :om ! lett] is writt51 & ! place ( 8 resid5ce2 z1-- ,mr4 ,william ,k4 ,bixby1 ,h\/on1 ,texas4 ,,rem>ks4 ,!re are sev]al reasons :y ! address %\ld be writt5 )9 ! lett]3-- #a4 ,bus9ess m5 usually take an impression or make a copy ( all lett]s writt5 by !mselves or _! ag5ts4 ,x is a great conv5i5ce to h ! address )9 ! lett]1 s t x c be ref]r$ to1 if necess>y1 at any "t4 #b4 ,if ! envelope is accid5tally torn (f1 or is lo/ by n be+ prop]ly seal$1 ! lett] c /ill be =w>d$ to its de/9ation1 if ! address is writt5 )94 #c4 ,x is frequ5tly ! habit1 on receiv+ a lett]1 to de/roy ! envelope4 ,sometimes1 aft] ! envelope is de/roy$1 ! lett] is lo/4 ,if !re is an inside address1 ! lett]1 if f\nd1 c be return$4 ,punctuation4--,a comma %\ld be plac$ aft] ! "n ( ! p]son & ( ! city4 ,a p]iod %\ld be plac$ at ! end4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,by plac+ to be=e ! address1 x w be se5 t a p]iod is requir$ at its close1 j z a p]iod is requir$ at ! end ( ! address on ! envelope2 z1 ,to ,william ,k4 ,bixby1 ,h\/on1 ,texas4 #b4 ,"s writ]s place a colon aft] ! "n ( ! /ate1 b ! practice is n a correct "o4 ,a semicolon %\ld nev] be us$4 ,l>ge ,cities4 ,:5 ! p]son to :om ! lett] is writt51 lives 9 a l>ge city1 ! numb] & "n ( ! /reet %\ld be giv51 z on ! outside address2 z1-- ,a4 ,s4 ,b>nes ,co41 #cd & #cf ,madison ,/41 ,*icago4 ,,rem>k4 ,if ?ree l9es are necess>y1 ! title & "n %\ld be on ! fir/ l9e1 ! numb] & /reet on ! second1 ! city & /ate on ! ?ird4 ,small ,t[ns & ,villages4--,:5 ! lett] is address$ to a small t[n or village1 ! c\nty 9 :i* ! t[n or village is situat$1 %\ld be giv52 z1-- ,mr4 ,george ,h>vey1 ,palmyra1 ,l5awee ,co41 ,mi*4 ,,rem>k4 ,! title & "n %\ld be on "o l9e2 ! t[n or village1 c\nty1 & /ate %\ld be on ! second4 ,lett]s to ,intimate ,fri5ds or ,relatives4--,9 writ+ lett]s to intimate fri5ds or relatives1 ! address %\ld be writt5 at ! close ( ! lett]1 at ! left1 comm5c+ on ! l9e imm$iately foll[+ ! signature4 ,x w\ld be too =mal to write ! address at ! head ( ! lett]1 & x w\ld n be 9 keep+ ) ! introductory words :i* imm$iately foll[2 z1-- ,milburn ,wagon ,works1 ,tol$o1 ,ohio1 ,nov4 #b1 #ahgg4 ,de> ,"m1-- ,y\r lett] 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v affectionately1 ,edg> ,w4 ,curtis4 ,mrs4 ,james ,e4 ,curtis1 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 ,,rem>k4 ,:5 ! head+ occupies only "o l9e1 x is bett] to leave a blank l9e betwe5 ! head+ & ! address4 ,position4--,! address %\ld comm5ce on ! left1 & %\ld be writt5 on1 at lea/1 two l9es4 ,! title & "n %\ld be on "o l9e2 ! city & /ate1 on ! second1 & f>!r to ! "r4 ,! address1 if possible1 %\ld be writt5 on two l9es4 ,if ! head+ consi/s ( two or ?ree l9es1 ! address %\ld comm5ce on ! l9e imm$iately foll[+ ! head+4 ,if ! head+ consi/s ( "o l9e only1 a blank l9e %\ld be left betwe5 ! head+ & ! address4 ,,iii4 ,,introductory ,,words4 ,def9ition4--,! introductory words consi/ ( ! greet+ or salutation2 z1-- ,de> ,sir1-- ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,sometimes only "o ^w is us$ 9 ! greet+2 z1 ,sir1 ,g5tlem54 #b4 ,:5 ,sir1 ,g5tlem51 ,fri5d1 ,fa!r1 c41 are us$ z introductory words1 !y %\ld always comm5ce ) a capital1 z a m>k ( respect4 ,9 greet+ fri5ds or relatives1 d n belittle !m ) small lett]s4 #c4 ,:5 de>1 respect$1 honor$1 & words ( a l "*1 are n ! fir/ words ( ! salutation1 !y %\ld comm5ce ) a small lett]2 z1 ,my de> ,sir1 ,my respect$ ,fri5d4 ,if !y comm5ce ! salutation1 capitals %\ld be us$2 z1 ,de> ,fa!r1 ,respect$ ,fri5d4 ,punctuation4--,a comma %\ld be plac$ aft] ! salutation1 & a da% may also be us$4 ,! use ( ! da%1 h[ev]1 is simply a matt] ( ta/e4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,a colon %\ld n be plac$ aft] ! greet+1 except 9 (ficial or v =mal salutations4 ,see p4 #ajj4 #b4 ,a semicolon %\ld nev] be us$4 ,position4--,! introductory words may be writt5 9 ?ree diff]5t positions3-- #a4 ,:5 ! address occupies two l9es1 ! salutation %\ld be writt5 on ! l9e imm$iately foll[+1 comm5c+ a little to ! "r ( ! second l9e ( ! address2 z1 ,mr4 ,h>ry ,b4 ,hut*9s1 ,mt4 ,clem5s1 ,mi*4 ,de> ,sir1-- #b4 ,if ! address consi/s ( ?ree l9es1 ! fir/ ^w ( ! salutation comm5ces on a l9e ) ! numb] ( ! /reet2 z1-- ,a4 ,s4 ,b>nes ,co41 #cd & #cf ,madison ,/41 ,*icago4 ,g5tlem51-- #c4 ,if ! address is writt5 at ! close ( ! lett]1 ! introductory words %\ld comm5ce on a l9e ) ! body ( ! lett]1 t is1 ) ! m>g9al l9e2 z1-- ,de> ,mann+1-- ,re/ y m]ry 9 y\r own op9ion4 ,op9ion is a species ( prop]ty2 & ?\gh ,i am always desir\s to %>e ) my fri5d to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ,i %all ev] l to keep "s t5ets1 & "s prop]ty1 prop]ly my own4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y\r well-wi%] & fri5d1 ,c4 ,lamb4 ,=ms ( ,salutation4--,cu/om au?orizes ! use ( sev]al =ms ( salutation4 ,^! may be arrang$ "u f\r heads3-- #a4 ,to ,/rang]s4 ,sir1 ,madame1 ,miss 4 #b4 ,to ,acqua9tances4 ,de> ,sir1 ,de> ,madame1 ,de> ,miss 4 ,my de> ,sir1 ,my de> ,madame1 ,my de> ,miss 1 imply a bett] acqua9tance ?an ,de> ,sir1 c4 #c4 ,to ,fri5ds or ,relatives4 ,de> ,fri5d1 ,my de> ,fa!r1 ,de> ,h5ry1 c4 #d4 ,to ,bus9ess ,firms or ,corporate ,bodies4 ,sirs1 ,g5tlem51 ,ladies4 ,salutations to ,"y ,ladies4--,ow+ to ! fact t we h no ^w correspond+ to ,sir t c be us$ 9 address+ "y ladies1 !re is sometimes an unc]ta9ty z to ! prop] salutation to be us$4 ,al?\gh ,madame may ref] to a m>ri$ or an unm>ri$ lady1 x is n an appropriate ^w ) :i* to address a "y lady4 ,!re are ?ree =ms t may be us$3-- #a4 ,to a ,/rang]4 ,decatur1 ,ill41 ,may #f1 #ahgg4 ,miss ,delia ,l4 ,corbus1-- 99 99 99 99 99 ,respectfully1 ,william ,c4 ,johns4 ,miss ,delia ,l4 ,corbus1 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 ,! "n is giv5 z ! salutation1 & ! full address is giv5 at ! close ( ! lett]4 #b4 ,to an ,acqua9tance4 ,adrian1 ,mi*41 ,sept4 #c1 #ahgg4 ,de> ,miss ,dewey1-- 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v truly1 ,?omas ,m4 ,hunt]4 ,miss ,ella ,dewey1 ,hotel ,madison1 ,tol$o1 ,ohio4 #c4 ,to an ,intimate ,fri5d4--,9 writ+ to intimate fri5ds1 ! "* ( ! lett]1 & ! intimacy ( ! writ]s1 w sugge/ ! prop] =ms4 ,salutations to ,m>ri$ ,ladies4 #a4 ,to a ,/rang]4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,c4 ,hill1 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 ,madame1-- #b4 ,to an ,acqua9tance4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,s4 ,se>s1 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 ,de> ,madame1-- #c4 ,to a ,fri5d4 #ff ,summit ,/41 ,tol$o1 ,ohio1 ,dec4 #a1 #ahgg4 ,de> ,mrs4 ,mill>d1-- 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v truly1 ,frankl9 ,hubb>d4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,l4 ,mill>d1 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 ,,iv4 ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,lett]4 ,! ,fir/ ,^w4--,! fir/ ^w %\ld comm5ce on ! l9e imm$iately foll[+ ! introductory words1 & directly "u ! comma or ! da% ( ! salutation2 z1-- ,de> ,sir1-- ,y\r lett] 99 99 99 99 ,,rem>k4 ,"s writ]s comm5ce ! body ( ! lett] on ! same l9e ) ! greet+4 ,m>g94--,x is ! usual cu/om to leave a m>g9 on ! left ( a writt5 page4 ,?is v>ies accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! writ] & ! size ( ! page4 ,p>agraphs4--,a new p>agraph %\ld comm5ce :5ev] a new subject is introduc$1 &1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ p>agraph1 :i* beg9s directly "u ! comma or ! da% ( ! salutation1 ea* p>agraph %\ld comm5ce a little to ! "r ( ! m>g9al l9e4 ,v4 ,,! ,,conclusion4 ,def9ition4--,! conclusion is made up ( two p>ts1--words ( respect or affection1 & ! signature ( ! writ]2 z1-- ,v truly1 ,joseph ,m4 ,bla94 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,v>i\s =ms ( respect or affection are us$ 9 conclud+ lett]s2 z1 ,respectfully1 ,mo/ respectfully1 ,v affectionately1 c4 #b4 ,9 us+ words ( respect or affection1 ! fir/ ^w only %\ld be capitaliz$4 ,9 ! salutation1 ,sir1 ,fri5d1 c41 %\ld comm5ce ) a capital1 z a m>k ( respect2 b 9 ! conclusion ( a lett]1 x w\ld1 to say ! lea/1 be 9 bad ta/e to give ! same prom95ce to "o's own wor?4 #c4 ,! conclusion %\ld always be 9 keep+ ) ! introductory words4 ,if ,sir 7 us$ 9 ! salutation1 x w\ld n be prop] to use ,v affectionately at ! close4 #d4 ,al?\gh cu/om sanctions ! use ( ,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t s]vant1 & simil> =ms1 ! practice is n to be comm5d$4 ,^! expressions are associat$ ) a pa/ age1 :5 m5 dep5d$ on ! unc]ta9 patronage ( ! great4 ,punctuation4--,a comma %\ld be plac$ aft] ! words ( respect & affection1 & a p]iod %\ld be plac$ at ! end ( ! signature4 ,,rem>k4 ,!re is great c>elessness exhibit$ by all writ]s 9 punctuat+ _! names4 ,a p]iod %\ld always be plac$ at ! end ( ! signature1 to indicate t ! signature is complete4 ,if ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! "n are writt5 out 9 full1 no punctuation m>ks %\ld be plac$ betwe5 !m2 if1 h[ev]1 any "p ( ! "n is abbreviat$1 a p]iod %\ld always be us$ to indicate ! abbreviation2 z1 ,ettie ,%i]1 ,laura ,b4 ,palm]1 ,geo4 ,l4 ,b5nett4 ,position4--,! conclusion %\ld be writt5 on1 at lea/1 two l9es4 ,! words ( respect & affection %\ld be writt5 on ! l9e imm$iately foll[+ ! close ( ! lett]1 on ! "r1 comm5c+ ne> ! middle ( ! l9e2 ! signature %\ld be on ! l9e imm$iately foll[+ ! words ( respect & affection1 a little f>!r to ! "r4 ,! ,signature4--,9 sign+ "o's "n1 !re are sev]al important facts to be rememb]$3-- #a4 ,! writ]'s full "n %\ld always be giv51 especially 9 bus9ess lett]s & 9 lett]s conta9+ money1 s t ! lett] c be return$1 if1 = any reason1 x is s5t to ! ,dead ,lett] ,(fice4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 c n be done unless ! writ]'s "n is giv5 9 full4 ,?\s&s ( doll>s are lo/ e ye> by writ]s ?\ghtlessly sign+ !mselves ,nellie1 ,fr$41 c4 #be1jjj lett]s1 conta9+ #a1cja1ghj1 7 s5t to ! ,dead ,lett] ,(fice 9 ! ye> #ahgg4 #b4 ,a lady1 9 writ+ to a /rang]1 %\ld always sign h] "n s t ! p]son receiv+ ! lett] w "k1 9 answ]+1 :e!r to address a s+le or a m>ri$ lady2 z1 ,miss ,m>ia ,s4 ,colv91 ,mrs4 ,david ,f9ley4 #c4 ,x is frequ5tly ! cu/om = m>ri$ ladies to use _! husb&'s "n2 z1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,b4 ,pond4 ,wid[ ladies use _! ,*ri/ian "n4 #d4 ,if ! p]son writ+ a lett] to a /rang]1 occupies a responsible or (ficial position1 he %\ld give ?is 9 connection ) 8 signature1 s t ! p]son to :om ! lett] is writt51 may h "s means ( kn[+ h[ mu* att5tion to give to ! lett]4 ,,summ>y4 ,i4 ,to a ,relative4 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*41 ,nov4 #ae1 #ahgg4 ,de> ,fa!r1-- ,y\r lett] 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,affectionately1 ,james ,a4 ,/acy4 ,c4 ,a4 ,/acy1 ,esq41 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 ,,ii4 ,to an ,intimate ,fri5d4 ,! =m ( a lett] to an intimate fri5d %\ld be ! same z ! prec$+ "o4 ,salutation to a m>ri$ lady1 p4 #id4 ,,iii4 ,to an ,acqua9tance4 ,bay ,city1 ,mi*41 ,dec4 #d1 #ahgg4 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,b4 ,mum=d1 ,adrian1 ,mi*4 ,de> ,sir1-- ,y\r lett] 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v truly1 ,william ,t4 ,smalley4 #a4 ,salutation to a m>ri$ lady1 p4 #id4 #b4 ,lett]-=m to a "y lady1 p4 #ic4 ,,iv4 ,to a ,/rang]4 ,! same =m %\ld be us$ z to an acqua9tance1 ) ! exception ( ! salutation1 :i* %\ld be ,sir1 ,madame1 or ,miss 4 ,lett]-=m to a "y lady1 p4 #ic4 ,v4 ,lett] ) ,numb] & ,/reet4 #cd & #cf ,madison ,/41 ,*icago1 ,sept4 #ab1 #ahgg4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,scribn]1 #abd ,gr& ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,de> ,sir1-- ,y\r favor 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,respectfully1 ,a4 ,s4 ,b>nes ,co4 #a4 ,= ano!r =m1 see p4 #ia4 #b4 ,c\nty & /ate1 pp4 #hf1 #hi4 #c4 ,hotels1 pp4 #hf1 #ic4 #d4 ,sem9>ies & colleges1 p4 #hf4 ,,vi4 ,(ficial ,lett]s4 #aej ,summit ,/41 ,tol$o1 ,ohio1 ,dec4 #aj1 #ahgg4 ,hon4 ,samuel ,j4 ,r&all1 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,sir3-- 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v respectfully1 ,fr$4 ,l4 ,g$des4 ,to ! ,common ,c\ncil ( ! ,city ( ,adrian4 ,g5tlem53-- 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,respectfully1 ,w4 ,s4 ,wilcox4 ,= ! use ( ! colon1 see p4 #ia1 ,rem4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,pro(-,read+4 ,,introduction4 ,mo/ bus9ess m51 & all pr(essional m51 h occasion1 m or less1 to h some?+ pr9t$ = _! own use1 or to write some?+ = ! public press1 s t a correct k ( "s ( ! simpl] m>ks us$ by pro(-read]s1 9 mak+ corrections & additions1 seems imp]ative4 ,! advice sometimes giv5 to all[ ! pr9t] to make all corrections1 s9ce he is m likely to "k :at corrections are necess>y1 is de/ructive to a cle> pres5tation ( :at ano!r has writt54 ,! pr9t] may und]/& bett] ?an ! writ] ! me*anical "p ( 8 "w1 b 8m9d read+0 has n yet rea*$ su* p]fection t ! compositor c tell1 9 all in/ances1 :at mean+ ! writ] really wi%es to convey1 & a misconception on ! "p ( ! pr9t] may be ! means ( *ang+ ! s5se ( a :ole p>agraph4 ,9 prep>+ any?+ = ! press1 a few facts %\ld be rememb]$3-- #a4 ,x is nev] all[able to write on bo? sides ( a %eet ( pap]4 ,only "o side %\ld be us$1 & ea* page %\ld be prop]ly numb]$4 #b4 ,! manuscript %\ld be prep>$ ) great c>e4 ,x %\ld be prop]ly punctuat$1 capitaliz$1 & brok5 into p>agraphs4 ,9 fact1 ! copy plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! pr9t] %\ld be 9 a condition to be exactly reproduc$4 ,"s expect ! pr9t] to dress up 9 prop] =m _! half express$1 poorly writt51 & badly punctuat$ s5t5ces1 & if _! hi]oglyphics & abbreviations are n deciph]$ to suit _! unreasonable expectations1 !y rail aga9/ incompet5t pr9t]s & blund]+ pro(-read]s4 #c4 ,"s writ]s ?\ghtlessly leave _m po9ts unsettl$ 9 ! manuscript1 s z to see 8h[ !y look 9 pr9t10 !n fill ! pro( ) numb]less corrections & additions1 & expect ! pr9t] to make su* *anges z ! impulse ( ! mom5t has sugge/$4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a great inju/ice to ! compositor1 :o usually receives no remun]ation = ?is additional tax on 8 "t & pati5ce4 ,no half f9i%$ manuscript ought to be all[$ to g into ! pr9t]'s h&4 #d4 ,:5ev] x is really necess>y to /rike out sev]al words1 en\gh words %\ld be sub/itut$ 9 _! places to fill ! vacant spaces4 ,,def9itions4 ,copy4--,?is ^w really means some?+ to be imitat$1 & x is us$ by pr9t]s :5 ref]r+ to ! manuscript ( a writ]4 ,pro(-,%eet4--,:5 ! copy is set up 9 type1 an impression 9 ink is tak5 = corrections4 ,?is is call$ a pro(-%eet4 ,9 correct+ pro(1 ! fir/ ?+ to be done is to place ! copy 9 ! h&s ( "s "o to read al\d1 :ile ! pro(-read] pays att5tion pr9cipally to omissions1 ! spell+ & capitalization ( words1 & punctuation4 ,aft] ?is1 ! pro( %\ld be c>efully exam9$ to detect :at are call$ typographical errors1 t is1 mi/akes 9 type4 ,revise4--,aft] ! corrections indicat$ 9 ! pro( are made1 ano!r impression is tak54 ,?is is call$ ! revise4 ,! revise %\ld be c>efully comp>$ ) ! pro(1 to see t all corrections are made4 ,,introductory ,,rem>k4 ,mi/akes 9 ! pro( %\ld be call$ att5tion to by c]ta9 m>ks :i* w h]eaft] be describ$1 & ! corrections %\ld be indicat$ 9 ! m>g91 on ! "r or left ( ! l9e 9 :i* !y occur4 ,if mi/akes are f\nd ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! l9e1 ! corrections %\ld be plac$ 9 ! m>g9 on ! left1 o!rwise !y %\ld be plac$ on ! "r4 ,! numb]s 9 ! foll[+ /atem5ts ref] to l9es ( ! specim5 pro(-%eet on pages #aaa1 #aab4 ,i4 ,wrong ,lett]s & ,punctuation ,m>ks4--,! mo/ common mi/akes 9 a pro(-%eet are wrong lett]s & punctuation m>ks4 ,:5 ^! are notic$1 a l9e %\ld be drawn slop+ly1 f "r to left1 ?r\gh ea*1 & ! correct lett] or punctuation m>k writt5 9 ! m>g94 ,x is bett] to repeat ! l9e ) ! correction 9 ! m>g91 s z to attract att5tion to ! desir$ *ange2 z1 #b1 #d1 #h4 ,a slop+ l9e %\ld always be plac$ betwe5 corrections opposite ! same l9e1 & ! corrections %\ld be plac$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y occur4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! correction 9 ! m>g9 %\ld always be plac$ to ! left ( ! slop+ l9e2 z1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #h4 #b4 ,! p]iod1 da%1 hyph51 quotation m>ks1 apo/rophe1 & ref]5ce m>ks %\ld be di/+ui%$ 9 ! m>g91 ?us3-- ,illu/ration ,= illu/rations1 see #f1 #aj4 #c4 ,if x is necess>y to *ange a capital lett] to a small lett]1 draw a l9e ?r\gh ! capital1 & ei!r write a small lett] 9 ! m>g91 or ! abbreviation l4c41 l[] case1 :i* indicates t a common lett] is to be us$2 z1 #c4 #d4 ,! abbreviation w4f41 wrong font1 indicates t a lett] is ( improp] size4 ,,ii4 ,wrong ,words4--,:5 an entire ^w is incorrect1 a /raight l9e %\ld be drawn ?r\gh x1 & ! prop] ^w writt5 9 ! m>g92 z1 #e4 ,,rem>k4 ,:5 x is necess>y to *ange a ^w1 pr9t$ 9 capitals1 to small lett]s1 draw a l9e ?r\gh ! ^w1 & write l4c4 9 ! m>g92 z1 #af4 ,see ,i41 ,rem4 #c4 ,,iii4 ,omissions4--,if a lett]1 punctuation m>k1 or ^w is omitt$1 ! omission %\ld be indicat$ by a c>et1 & ! omitt$ lett]1 punctuation m>k1 or ^w plac$ 9 ! m>g92 z1 #c1 #f4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 ! p]iod1 da%1 hyph51 quotation m>ks1 or ref]5ce m>ks are omitt$1 !y %\ld be di/+ui%$ 9 ! m>g9 z 9 ,i41 ,rem4 #b4 #b4 ,a slop+ l9e %\ld always be made 9 ! m>g91 to ! "r ( an omitt$ lett] or punctuation m>k2 z1 #c4 #c4 ,if sev]al words or l9es are omitt$1 x is sometimes necess>y to write ! words at ! top or bottom ( ! pro(4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 a l9e %\ld be drawn f ! c>et to ! words to be ins]t$2 z1 #be4 #d4 ,sometimes s mu* has be5 omitt$ t x is necess>y to ref] to ! copy4 ,:5 ?is is s1 indicate ! omission by a c>et1 write ,see ,copy 9 ! m>g91 & inclose )9 p>5!tical m>ks or brackets ! portion ( ! copy to be ins]t$ 9 ! pro(4 ,,iv4 ,inv]t$ ,lett]4--,:5 a lett] is inv]t$1 a slop+ l9e %\ld be drawn ?r\gh x1 & ! *ange indicat$ 9 ! m>g9 by #i1 a "* resembl+ an inv]t$ #f2 z1 #ac4 ,,rem>k4 ,"s pro(-read]s draw a l9e "u ! inv]t$ lett]1 b ?is is n s easily recogniz$ z a slop+ l9e drawn ?r\gh ! lett]4 ,v4 ,/rike ,out4--,x is sometimes necess>y to /rike out a lett]1 punctuation m>k1 or ^w4 ,a l9e %\ld be drawn ?r\gh ea*1 z 9 ,i4 & ,,ii41 & ! sign 1 :i* means /rike out1 plac$ 9 ! m>g92 z1 #i1 #ai4 ,,vi4 ,capitals & ,italics4--,?ree l9es drawn "u a ^w indicate t ! ^w %\ld be pr9t$ 9 l>ge capitals2 two l9es1 small capitals2 "o l9e1 italics4 ,! abbreviations1 ,caps41 ,s4 ,caps41 ,ital41 %\ld also be writt5 9 ! m>g92 z1 #a1 #b4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,if a ^w is italiciz$1 & x is desirable to *ange x to ! ord9>y type1 draw a l9e "u x1 & write ,rom41 ! abbreviation = ,roman1 9 ! m>g92 z1 #ae4 #b4 ,to *ange a ^w pr9t$ 9 capitals to small lett]s1 see ,,ii41 ,rem4 ,,vii4 ,spac+4--,:5 !re is too great a space betwe5 two lett]s1 ! lett]s %\ld be connect$ by ! m>ks 1 & ! same sign %\ld be repeat$ 9 ! m>g92 z1 #ba4 ,! s+le m>k connect+ two words & repeat$ 9 ! m>g91 indicates too great a space betwe5 words2 z1 #bc4 ,:5 !re is n suffici5t space betwe5 two words1 a c>et is us$ to indicate ! want ( space1 & ! sign writt5 9 ! m>g92 z1 #be4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 !re is n space en\gh betwe5 two l9es1 or !re is too mu*1 ! fact c be indicat$ z 9 #g & #h1 #ac & #ad4 #b4 ,:5 a space is n left at ! comm5cem5t ( a p>agraph1 a c>et indicates ! want ( space1 & ! sign is plac$ 9 ! m>g92 z1 #ag4 ,,viii4 ,p>agraphs4--,:5 a new p>agraph is desir$1 ! sign %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! pro(1 be=e ! fir/ ^w ( ! new p>agraph1 & ! sign %\ld be plac$ 9 ! m>g92 z1 #aj4 ,:5 two p>agraphs are to be run toge!r1 !y %\ld be connect$ by a l9e1 & ,no writt5 9 ! m>g92 z1 #bd4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! l9e connect+ ! two p>agraphs is usually s readily recogniz$ t an additional sign 9 ! m>g9 is n always requir$4 #b4 ,= space at ! comm5cem5t ( a p>agraph1 see ,,vii41 ,rem4 #b4 ,,ix4 ,correction to be ,disreg>d$4--,dots plac$ "u a ^w1 & ,/et41 :i* means let x /&1 writt5 9 ! m>g91 indicate t a correction is to be disreg>d$2 z1 #be4 ,x4 ,brok5 ,lett]s4--,:5 x is necess>y to call ! att5tion ( ! pr9t] to a brok5 lett]1 a l9e %\ld be drawn "u x1 & ! sign plac$ 9 ! m>g92 z1 #ba4 ,,rem>k4 ,x is ! cu/om ) "s pro(-read]s to draw a slop+ l9e ?r\gh ! brok5 lett]1 & repeat ! lett] 9 ! m>g94 ,?is is sometimes a great conv5i5ce to ! pr9t]1 especially :5 ! lett] is s badly injur$ t x c n be recogniz$2 =1 unless ! pr9t] is famili> ) ! spell+ ( ! ^w1 x may be necess>y1 ) consid]able inconv5i5ce1 to ref] to ! copy4 ,,xi4 ,transpose4--,:5 two words %\ld *ange places1 ! cu/om is to draw a l9e ov] ! fir/1 cont9ue x "u ! second1 & write tr41 ! abbreviation = transpose1 9 ! m>g92 z1 #bf4 ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,:5 sev]al lett]s 9 a ^w are n 9 _! prop] ord]1 ei!r draw a l9e ?r\gh ! ^w & rewrite x 9 ! m>g91 or draw a l9e "u or ?r\gh ! lett]s1 & write !m 9 _! prop] ord]4 #b4 ,:5 ! ord] ( sev]al words is to be *ang$1 indicate ! prop] ord] by plac+ #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 c41 ov] ! words1 draw a /raight l9e "u ea*1 & write tr4 9 ! m>g94 ,,xii4 ,crook$ ,words4--,:5 ! lett]s ( a ^w are displac$1 draw a l9e above & bel[ ! ^w1 & repeat ! l9es 9 ! m>g92 z1 #bh4 ,! same m>ks are us$ to call att5tion to a crook$ l9e4 ,,xiii4 ,project+ ,leads4--,:5 a lead projects s z to leave an impression on ! pro(1 a slop+ l9e %\ld be drawn ?r\gh x1 & ! sign symbol or symbol plac$ 9 ! m>g92 z1 #bb4 ,,xiv4 ,diph?ongs4--,:5 & %\ld be pr9t$ z diph?ongs1 a l9e %\ld be drawn ?r\gh !m1 & ! lett]s =m+ ! diph?ong writt5 9 ! m>g9 ?us1 1 4 ,,xv4 ,m>k ( ,att5tion4--,! sign is sometimes us$ to call ! att5tion ( ! pr9t] to "s defect 9 a ^w or l9e4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>k4 ,x is ! cu/om ) _m pro(-read]s to draw a l9e f ! mi/ake 9 ! pro( to ! correction 9 ! m>g94 ,?is %\ld always be done :5 ! mi/akes are num]\s1 or ! l9es cr[d$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,description ,,( ,a ,,palace ,,9 ,a ,,valley4 ,illu/ration ,ye :o li/5 ) cr$ulity to ! :isp]s ( fancy1 & pursue ) eag]ness ! phantoms ( hope2 :o expect t age w p]=m ! promises ( y\?1 & t ! defici5cies ( ! pres5t day w be suppli$ by ! morr[1 att5d to ! hi/ory ( ,rasselas1 pr9ce ( ,abyss9ia4 ,rasselas 0 ! f\r? son ( ! mighty emp]or1 9 ^: dom9ions ! fa!r ( wat]s beg9s 8 c\rse2 ^: b\nty p\rs d[n ! /reams ( pl5ty1 & scatt]s ov] half ! _w ! h>ve/s ( ,egypt4 ,! place :i* ! wisdom or policy ( antiquity _h de/9$ = ! resid5ce ( ! ,abyss9ian pr9ces1 0 a spaci\s valley 9 ! k+dom ( ,amh>a1 surr\nd$ on e side by m\nta9s1 ( :i* ! summits ov]hung ! middle "p4 ,! only passage by :i* x c\ld be ent]$1 0 a cav]n t pass$ "u a rock1 ( :i* x has long be5 disput$ :e!r x 0 ! "w ( nature or ( human indu/ry4 ,,dr4 ,,johnson4 ,,index4 ,! fir/ numb] ( ea* ref]5ce ref]s to ! page4 ,a ,abbreviations1 h[ indicat$1 #bi1 ,,ii42 li/ (1 #bi1 #cj2 additional m>ks1 #cj1 #a2 prop] names1 #cj1 #b2 num]als1 #cj1 #c2 numb]+ pages1 #cj1 #d2 lett] d\bl$ to indicate ! plural1 #cj1 #e2 h[ to abbreviate words1 #cj1 #f2 ,mr41 ,mrs41 etc41 #gd1 #a1 #b4 ,address$1 p]son or ?+1 #ac1 ,,viii42 /rong emotion1 #ad ,rem42 #cc1 ,,iii4 ,address ( envelopes1 mo/ important "p ( lett]-writ+1 #gc2 position1 #gd2 punctuation1 #gd2 honor>y titles1 #ge2 l>ge cities1 #gf2 small t[ns & villages1 #gg2 address$ envelopes1 #gg2 lett]s ) special reque/1 #gh2 /amp1 #gh2 =ms ( address1 #gh-hb4 ,address1 inside1 def9ition (1 #hg2 punctuation (1 #hh2 l>ge cities1 #hh2 small t[ns & villages1 #hi2 intimate fri5ds & relatives1 #hi2 position1 #ij4 ,adjectives1 two1 #ag1 #b2 9 a s]ies1 #ah1 #a4 ,adv]bs1 #aj1 #c4 ,adv]tisem5ts1 capitalization (1 #fb1 #c4 ,almighty ,god1 #fd1 #b4 ,&1 or1 nor1 connect+ words 9 a s]ies1 #ag1 ,,xiv42 words & phrases1 #ai1 #c2 phrases & clauses1 #ah1 ,,xv42 #ai1 #b2 or betwe5 two words or expressions1 ! latt] expla9+ ! =m]1 #ah1 #b4 ,answ] & "q 9 ! same p>agraph1 #cf1 #c4 ,apo/rophe1 !1 #dg1 #dh2 =m (1 #dg1 ,rem42 d5otes :at1 #dg1 ,,ii ,see ,possession4 ,appositives1 #ae1 ,,xi42 def9ition (1 #af1 #a2 two n\ns 9 apposition1 #af1 #b1 a2 n\n & pron\n1 #af1 #b1 b2 two pron\ns1 #af1 #b1 c2 p>ts ( a p]son's "n1 #af1 #b1 d4 ,arabic numb]s1 #bb1 ,,xviii4 ,z1 #ba1 #c2 introduc+ an example1 #bd1 ,rem42 z ) a da%1 #cf1 #d4 ,z x 71 #i1 ,,iv42 z foll[s1 #bg1 ,,iii4 ,aunt1 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #fc1 #b1 #c2 #ij1 #b2 #if1 #b4 ,au?or f :om a quotation is tak51 #cf1 #b2 manuscript (1 #gb1 #ajb1 #ajc2 correction ( pro(1 #ajb4 ,b ,because1 #g1 #a4 ,be+ or hav+ be51 #ad1 ,rem4 ,bible1 ref]5ces to4 ,see ,ref]5ces4 ,body ( ! lett]1 ! fir/ ^w1 #id2 m>g91 #ie2 p>agraphs1 #ie4 ,books1 titles (1 #dd1 ,,ii42 *apt]1 #fb1 #b2 title-pages1 #fb1 ,,viii4 ,brackets1 #da1 #db2 additional m>ks1 #da1 #a2 report+ spee*es1 #da1 #b2 p>5!tical m>ks1 #db1 #c4 ,brok5 lett]s 9 pro(1 #aji1 ,x4 ,brok5 s5t5ces1 #cd1 ,i4 ,bro!r1 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #fc1 #b1 #c2 #ij1 #b2 #if1 #b4 ,b1 #f1 #a4 ,c ,capitals1 #ed-gj2 usage =m]ly1 #ee2 t5d5cy at ! pres5t day1 #ef2 value ( capitals1 #ef2 h[ indicat$ 9 writ+1 #ec1 ,v42 9 pro(1 #ajg1 ,,vi42 title-pages1 #fb1 ,,viii4 ,c>et1 #eb1 ,,ii42 9 pro(1 #ajf1 ,,iii4 ,*apt]1 fir/ ^w (1 #fb1 #b4 ,*ur*1 :5 writt5 ) a capital1 #fj1 #c4 ,clauses1 def9ition (1 #e2 indep5d5t1 #f1 ,i42 dep5d5t1 #f1 ,,ii42 relative1 #g1 #h1 #i2 p>ticipial1 #ad1 ,,ix42 s]ies (1 #bd1 ,,iii42 conclud+1 #cd1 ,,ii42 %ort1 #bd1 ,rem4 ,see ,expressions4 ,colon1 !1 #be-bh2 indicates :at1 #c1 #d2 n us$ z mu* z =m]ly1 #bh4 ,comma1 !1 #e-bb2 indicates a close relation%ip1 #c1 #d2 omitt$1 #c2 #af1 #b2 #ba1 #a1 #b1 #c2 pref]r$ sometimes to semicolons1 #be4 ,commas1 two1 plac$ "u a ^w1 #eb1 ,i4 ,complete s5t5ces1 #bi1 ,i42 title ( essay1 oration1 etc41 #bi1 ,rem4 ,comp\nd words1 #di1 ,i42 def9ition (1 #di1 #a4 ,conclud+ clause1 #cd1 ,,ii42 emphatic conclusion1 #ce1 #a2 namely1 t is1 etc41 omitt$1 #ce1 #b2 ^w or expression repeat$1 #ce1 #c4 ,conclusion ( a lett]1 def9ition1 #ie2 punctuation1 #if2 position1 #ig2 signature1 #ig4 ,conclusion1 emphatic1 #ce1 ,i4 ,contra/$ expressions or comp>isons1 #bj1 ,,xvii42 comp>ison1 %ort1 #ba1 #a2 s-t1 r-?an1 etc41 #ba1 #b2 z1 ?an1 #ba1 #c2 fir/ expression negative1 ! o!r affirmative1 #ba1 #d4 ,consequ5tly1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,copy1 def9ition (1 #ajd4 ,correction 9 pro( to be disreg>d$1 #aji1 ,,ix4 ,c\s91 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #fc1 #b1 #c2 #ij1 #b2 #if1 #b4 ,crook$ words 9 pro(1 #aaj1 ,,xii4 ,d ,dagg]1 d\ble dagg]1 uses (1 #ec1 ,,vi4 ,da%1 #cd-ch2 additional punctuation m>ks1 #ch1 #a1 #b4 ,days ( ! mon?1 #fj1 ,,vi42 spr+1 summ]1 etc41 #fa1 ,rem4 ,dates1 #bb1 ,rem4 ,deity1 !1 #fc1 ,x42 diff]5ce among writ]s1 #fc1 #a2 ,fir/ ,cause1 etc41 #fd1 #b2 ,k+ ( k+s1 etc41 #fd1 #c2 et]nal1 div9e1 etc41 #fd1 #d2 pron\ns1 #fd1 #e2 #fe1 #f2 god1 goddess1 deity1 #fe1 #g4 ,democrat1 #fj1 ,v4 ,dep5d5t clauses1 #f1 ,,ii42 def9ition (1 #g1 #a2 omission ( comma1 #g1 #b4 ,devil1 #ei1 #c4 ,diresis1 #ej1 #d4 ,diph?ongs1 h[ indicat$ 9 pro(1 #aaj1 ,,xiv4 ,direct "q1 #ca1 ,i4 ,direct quotation4 ,see ,quotation4 ,div9e1 #fd1 #d4 ,division ( words1 #ej1 ,,iii42 :]e to divide a ^w1 #ea1 #a4 ,divisions ( s5t5ces1 #bc1 ,i42 #be1 ,g54 ,rem4 ,divisions ( a /atem5t1 #fi1 ,,xvii42 h[ readily recogniz$1 #gj1 #a2 usage ( "s writ]s1 #gj1 #b2 s5t5ces brok5 (f to attract att5tion1 #gj1 #c4 ,e ,ea/1 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #ei1 #a4 ,ellipsis1 m>ks (1 #eb1 ,,iii4 ,emotion1 /rong1 #cb1 ,i42 unusual degree1 #cb1 ,rem4 ,emphasis1 words repeat$ =1 #ag1 #c2 use ( ! da% to give prom95ce1 #cg1 ,g54 ,rem42 #ce1 #a4 ,enum]ation ( p>ticul>s1 #bg1 ,,iii42 p>ticul>s prec$$ by a colon1 #bg1 #a2 n introduc$ by ?us1 foll[+1 etc41 #bg1 #b2 p>ticul>s prec$$ by a semicolon1 #bg1 #c2 comma & da% sometimes us$1 #bh1 #d4 ,envelopes1 address$1 #gg2 ) special reque/1 #gh2 ) /amp1 #gh4 ,esq41 #gd1 #c4 ,et]nal1 ref]r+ to ! ,deity1 #fd1 #d4 ,example1 punctuation ( words prec$+1 #bd1 ,rem42 fir/ ^w (1 #ff1 #d4 ,exclamation po9t1 #cb1 #cc2 inclos$ )9 p>5!tical m>ks1 #dj1 #c4 ,expressions1 inv]t$1 #ab1 ,,vi42 two brief1 #ai1 #b2 contra/$1 #bj1 ,,xvii42 complete 9 !mselves1 #bc1 ,,ii42 #bh1 ,g54 ,rem42 s]ies (1 #bd1 ,,iii42 negative & affirmative1 #ba1 #d2 at ! end ( s5t5ces1 #bb1 ,,xix42 equival5t to s5t5ces1 #eg1 #b4 ,f ,fa!r1 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #fc1 #b1 #c4 ,f$]ali/1 #fj1 ,v4 ,figures omitt$1 #cf1 ,,iv42 ,arabic1 #bb1 ,,xviii4 ,f9ally1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,fir/ ,cause1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciple1 #fd1 #b2 ,fa!r ( m]cies1 ,fa!r ( spirits1 #fd1 #c4 ,fir/ ^w 9 a s5t5ce1 #eg1 ,i42 9 expressions numb]$1 #fi1 ,,xvii42 aft] a p]iod1 #eg1 #c4 ,foll[+1 #bg1 ,,iii41 #b4 ,=eign words1 #dc1 #b4 ,=ms ( address1 #gh-hb4 ,fri5d1 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #fc1 #c2 #ij1 #b2 #if1 #b4 ,g ,g5]al rem>ks1 #bh1 #cg1 #aaj4 ,god1 #fc1 #fd2 goddess1 #fe1 #g2 ,god ( ho/s1 #fd1 #c4 ,gospel1 #fa1 #c4 ,greet+4 ,see ,introductory words4 ,h ,h&bills1 use ( capitals 91 #fb1 #c4 ,head+ ( lett]s1 #hc2 def9ition1 #hc2 punctuation1 #hd2 l>ge cities1 #he2 a small t[n or village1 #hf2 hotels1 #hf2 sem9>ies or colleges1 #hf2 position1 #hf4 ,heav5 & hell1 #ei1 #c4 ,heav5ly1 appli$ to ! ,deity1 #fd1 #d4 ,h]s1 #dh1 #c4 ,hesitation1 h[ indicat$1 #cd1 ,i4 ,81 ,him1 ref]r+ to ! ,deity1 #fd1 #e4 ,8 ,excell5cy1 #gf1 #e2 #fb1 ,,ix42 address ( envelope1 #hj4 ,hon41 #ge1 #d2 #fb1 ,,ix4 ,h[ev]1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,hyph51 !1 #di-ea2 connect+ sev]al words1 #di1 #b2 omitt$1 #di1 #c2 d\bt z to ! use1 #di1 #e4 ,i ,i1 #fh1 ,,xv4 ,if1 #g1 #a4 ,inde$1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,indep5d5t clauses1 #f1 ,i42 def9ition (1 #f1 #a2 comma omitt$1 #f1 #b2 sep>ation by a semicolon1 #f1 #c4 ,inf9ite ,"o1 #fd1 #b4 ,9 %ort1 9 fact1 9 reality1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,int]jections1 #cb1 ,,ii42 exclamation po9t at ! end ( a s5t5ce1 #cc1 #a1 #b4 ,int]rogation po9t1 #ca1 ,i42 inclos$ 9 p>5!tical m>ks1 #dj1 #b4 ,introductory words ( lett]s1 def9ition1 #ij2 punctuation1 #ia2 position1 #ia2 =ms ( salutation1 #ib2 salutations to "y ladies1 #ic2 to m>ri$ ladies1 #id4 ,introductory rem>ks1 #e1 #gc4 ,inv]t$ expressions1 #ab1 ,,vi42 explanation1 #ab1 #a2 omission ( comma1 #ab1 #b4 ,inv]t$ lett] 9 pro(1 #ajg1 ,,iv4 ,italics1 h[ indicat$1 #ec1 ,v42 #ajg1 ,,vi42 words f a =eign language1 #dc1 #b2 writt5 ) or )\t a capital1 #fj1 ,rem4 ,its1 #dh1 #c4 ,k ,k+ ( k+s1 #fd1 #c4 ,l ,lead]s1 #ec1 ,,iv4 ,lett]s or figures omitt$1 #cf1 ,,iv42 #c-i equival5t to1 #cg1 ,rem4 ,lett]s omitt$1 #dg1 ,i42 ! apo/rophe1 #dg1 ,rem4 ,lett]s1 c>e 9 writ+1 "s facts1 #gc4 ,lett]-=ms1 #ga-ajj4 ,li/ ( abbreviations1 #bi1 #cj2 #cj1 #g4 ,,ll4 ,d41 #cj1 #e2 #ge1 #c4 ,logical subject1 #ai1 ,,xvi42 def9ition (1 #bj1 #a2 cu/om ( "s writ]s1 #bj1 #b4 ,long s5t5ces1 #be1 ,i4 ,"l ( lords1 #fd1 #c4 ,m ,madame1 #ic1 #id4 ,m>ks ( p>5!sis1 #ci1 #dj2 additional m>ks1 #ci1 #a2 da%es1 #cg1 ,v42 comma1 #dj1 #d4 ,m>k ( att5tion 9 pro(1 #aaj1 ,,xv4 ,memb]s ( s5t5ces1 #be1 ,g54 ,rem4 ,miscellane\s m>ks1 #eb1 #ec4 ,miss1 #gd1 #a2 #ic4 ,mon?s & days1 names (1 #fj1 ,,vi42 autumn1 spr+1 etc41 #fa1 ,rem4 ,m--?an1 #ba1 #b4 ,moreov]1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,n ,"n1 p]son's1 #af1 #b1 d42 abbreviat$1 #cj1 #b2 #gd1 #b2 #if1 ,rem4 p]iod us$ aft] "n1 #bi1 ,rem4 ,see ,signature4 ,namely1 #i1 ,,iv42 #ce1 #b4 ,nations1 names (1 #ei1 ,,iv42 ,italics & ,italiciz$1 #fj1 ,rem4 ,negative expressions1 #ba1 #d4 ,nev]!less1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,nor1 #f1 #a4 ,n1 contra/$ expressions1 #ba1 #d4 ,nor?1 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #ei1 #a4 ,n\ns 9 apposition1 #ae1 #af4 ,see ,words4 ,num]al figures1 #bb1 ,,xviii42 dates1 #bb1 ,rem4 ,o ,o1 #fh1 ,,xv42 n foll[$ by an exclamation po9t1 #cb1 ,,ii4 ,( :i*1 #i1 #c2 ( c\rse1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,omitt$1 lett]s or figures1 #cf1 ,,iv42 #dg1 ,i4 ,omissions1 h[ indicat$1 #eb1 ,,ii42 9 pro(1 #ajf1 ,,iii4 ,or1 #f1 #a2 #ah1 #b4 ,ours1 #dh1 #c4 ,p ,pages1 numb]+ (1 #cj1 #d4 ,p>agraphs1 quot$1 #df1 ,,iv42 sign (1 #ec1 ,,vi42 9 pro(1 #ajh1 ,,viii4 ,p>allel l9es1 #ec1 ,,vi4 ,p>5!sis1 #ci1 ,i42 additional m>ks1 #ci1 #a1 a1 b1 c2 comma & da% (t5 pref]r$1 #cg1 ,v42 #dj1 #d2 d\btful ass]tion1 #dj1 #b2 irony or contempt1 #dj1 #c4 ,p>5!tical words & phrases1 #i1 ,,iv42 def9ition (1 #aj1 #a2 :5 commas are omitt$1 #aj1 #b2 p>5!tical words & adv]bs1 #aj1 #c4 ,p>5!tical expressions1 #aa1 ,v42 di/9ction betwe5 p>5!tical expressions & p>5!tical words1 #aa1 #a1 a1 b2 :5 commas are omitt$1 #aa1 #b4 ,p>ties1 names (1 #fj1 ,v4 ,see ,sects4 ,p>ticipial clauses1 #ad1 ,,ix42 sign (1 #ad1 ,rem4 ,p]haps1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,p]iod1 indicates :at1 #c2 uses (1 #bi1 #cj4 ,p]sons & places1 names (1 #eh1 ,,iii42 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 etc41 #ei1 #a2 words d]iv$ f names ( p]sons1 #ei1 #b2 ,satan1 devil1 #ei1 #c4 ,p]son or ?+ address$1 #ac1 ,,viii42 /rong emotion1 #ad1 ,rem4 ,p]sonification1 #fg1 ,,xiv4 ,phrases & clauses1 #ah1 ,,xv42 def9ition ( a phrase1 #ai1 #a2 ( a clause1 #e2 :5 commas are omitt$1 #ai1 #b2 words & phrases 9 a s]ies1 #ai1 #c2 p>5!tical phrases1 #i1 #aj4 ,poetry1 fir/ ^w ( ea* l9e1 #eh1 ,,ii4 ,political p>ties1 #fj1 ,v4 ,possession1 #dg1 ,,ii42 s+ul> ( n\ns1 #dg1 #a2 plural ( n\ns1 #dh1 #b2 ours1 y\rs1 etc41 #dh1 #c4 ,prefixes1 #ej1 ,,ii42 def9ition (1 #ej1 #a2 v[el & consonant #ej1 #b2 vice-presid5t1 etc41 #ej1 #c2 :5 to use ! diresis1 #ej1 #d4 ,pr9ce ( life1 ,pr9ce ( k+s1 #fd1 #c4 ,project+ leads 9 pro(1 #aaj1 ,,xiii4 ,pron\ns ref]r+ to ! ,deity1 #fd1 #e2 #fe1 #f4 ,pro(-read+1 #aja-aad2 its importance1 #ajb2 prep>ation ( manuscript1 #ajb1 #ajc2 copy1 pro(-%eet1 revise1 #ajd2 wrong lett]s & punctuation m>ks1 #aje1 ,i42 wrong words1 #ajf1 ,,ii42 omissions1 #ajf1 ,,iii42 inv]t$ lett]1 #ajg1 ,,iv42 /rike out1 #ajg1 ,v42 capitals & italics1 #ajg1 ,,vi42 spac+1 #ajh1 ,,vii42 p>agraphs1 #ajh1 ,,viii42 correction to be disreg>d$1 #aji1 ,,ix42 brok5 lett]s1 #aji1 ,x42 transpose1 #aji1 ,,xi42 crook$ words1 #aaj1 ,,xii42 project+ leads1 #aaj1 ,,xiii42 diph?ongs1 #aaj1 ,,xiv42 m>k ( att5tion1 #ajj1 ,,xv42 ,g54 ,rem41 #aaj4 ,pro(-%eet1 def9ition (1 #ajd2 specim5 pro(1 #aaa1 #aab2 correct$ pro(1 #aac1 #aad4 ,punctuation1 its importance1 iii41 iv42 h[ to tea* x1 iv41 v42 pr9cipal punctuation m>ks1 #c2 o!r m>ks1 #d2 punctuation m>ks1 :y us$1 #c1 #d4 ,q ,"q1 direct1 #ca1 ,i42 "q & answ] 9 ! same p>agraph1 #cf1 #c4 ,quotation1 %ort1 #ab1 ,,vii42 long1 #ac1 #e2 #bf1 ,,ii42 #bg1 #a2 expressions resembl+ a quotation1 #ac1 #a2 introduc$ by t1 #ac1 #b2 #fe1 #a2 s+le words quot$1 #ac1 #c2 #fe1 #b2 #ff1 #c2 quotation divid$1 #ac1 #d2 quotation 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce1 #bg1 #b2 quotation )9 a quotation1 #de1 #a2 #df1 #b2 p>ts ( a quotation omitt$1 #df1 ,,iv41 #b2 fir/ ^w ( a quotation1 #fe1 ,,xi42 examples z illu/rations1 #bd1 ,rem42 #ff1 #d4 ,quotation m>ks1 #dc-df2 direct quotation1 #dc1 ,i42 exact words n giv51 #dc1 #a2 words f a =eign language1 #dc1 #b2 quotation foll[$ by a comma1 semicolon1 colon1 p]iod1 #dd1 #d2 by an exclamation or int]rogation po9t1 #dd1 #e1 #f2 titles ( books1 #dd1 ,,ii42 quotation )9 a quotation1 #de1 ,,iii42 p>agraphs1 #df1 ,,iv4 ,quot$ passage1 #da1 ,i4 ,r ,republican1 ,radical1 #fj1 ,v4 ,r--?an1 #ba1 #b4 ,ref]5ce m>ks1 #ec1 ,,vi4 ,ref]5ces1 #fh1 ,,xvi42 volume & *apt]1 #fi1 #a2 to ! ,bible1 #fi1 #c2 volume & page suffici5t1 #fi1 #b4 ,relative clauses1 #g1 ,,iii42 commas :5 us$1 #g1 ,,iii41 #a2 :5 omitt$1 #g1 ,,iii41 #b2 introduc$ by :o1 etc41 #h1 #a2 exceptions1 #h1 #b1 #c4 ,report]1 rem>ks by1 #da1 #b4 ,resolutions1 #ff1 ,,xii42 ,resolv$ & ,t1 #ff1 ,rem4 ,revise1 def9ition (1 #ajd4 ,s ,salutations4 ,see ,introductory words4 ,scriptures1 sacr$ writ+s1 #fa1 #c4 ,sects1 names (1 #fj1 ,v42 ,republican1 etc41 #fj1 #a1 #b2 ,*ur*1 #fj1 #c4 ,section m>k1 #ec1 ,,vi4 ,semicolon1 #bc-be2 indicates di/ant relation%ip1 #c1 #d2 (t5 pref]r$ to a colon1 #bh2 semicolon & comma1 #be4 ,s5t5ce1 def9ition (1 #e2 #eg1 #a2 long s5t5ces1 #bc1 ,i42 memb]s (1 #bc1 ,,ii42 #be1 ,g54 ,rem42 #bh1 ,g54 ,rem42 complete s5t5ces1 #bi1 ,i42 brok5 s5t5ces1 #cd1 ,i42 fir/ ^w (1 #eg1 ,i42 expressions equival5t to a s5t5ce1 #eg1 #b2 ^w foll[+ a p]iod1 #eg1 #c2 ^w foll[+ an int]rogation or an exclamation1 #eh1 #d4 ,s]ies ( words1 #ag1 ,,xiv42 commas1 :5 n us$1 #ag1 ,,xiv41 #a2 :5 us$1 #ah1 ,,xiv41 #b1 #c2 la/ ^w prec$+ a s+le ^w1 #ah1 #a2 two words connect$ by or1 #ah1 #b2 s]ies ( phrases & clauses1 #ah1 ,,xv42 ( expressions1 #bd1 ,,iii4 ,%ort quotations4 ,see ,quotations4 ,signatures1 #bi1 ,rem42 #ig1 #ih4 ,s9ce1 #g1 #a4 ,si/]1 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #fc1 #b2 #ij1 #b2 #if1 #b4 ,sir1 #fc1 #c4 ,son ( man1 #fd1 #c4 ,s--t1 s--z1 #ba1 #b4 ,s\?1 #ei1 #a4 ,spac+ 9 pro(1 #ajh1 ,,vii4 ,specim5 pro(1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,special words1 capitalization (1 #ff1 #fg4 ,spr+1 summ]1 #fa1 ,rem4 ,/amp1 #gh4 ,/>1 ref]5ce m>k1 #ec1 ,,vi4 ,/rike out 9 pro(1 #ajg1 ,v4 ,/rong emotion1 #cb1 ,i42 unusual emotion1 #cb1 ,rem4 ,subject1 logical1 #ai1 ,,xvi42 def9ition (1 #bj1 #a2 subject ( /atem5t or quotation1 #ce1 ,,iii42 def9ition (1 #cf1 #a2 au?or1 #cf1 #b2 "q & answ]1 #cf1 #c2 z1 ?us1 etc41 #cf1 #d4 ,summ>y ( lett]-=ms1 #ih-ajj4 ,supreme ,be+1 #fd1 #b2 ,son ( man1 #fd1 #c4 ,t ,titles1 annex$1 #af1 #c2 ( essays1 orations1 etc41 #bi1 ,rem42 #fa1 #b2 ( books1 #dd1 ,,ii42 #fa1 ,,vii42 ( magaz9es1 #de1 #a1 #b2 ( p]sons1 #fb1 ,,ix42 sacr$ writ+s1 #fa1 #c4 ,title-pages1 #fb1 ,,viii42 fir/ ^w ( a *apt]1 #fb1 #b2 h&bills & adv]tisem5ts1 #fb1 #c4 ,?an1 #ba1 #c4 ,t1 #h1 #a2 #ac1 #b2 quotation introduc$ by t1 #fe1 #a2 9 resolutions1 #ff1 ,rem4 ,t is1 #ce1 #b4 ,!irs1 #dh1 #c4 ,!re=e1 #i1 ,,iv4 ,?us1 ?is1 ^!1 #bg1 ,,iii42 #bg1 #b2 #cf1 #d4 ,to-day1 to-night1 to-morr[1 #di1 #d4 ,too1 #aj1 #c4 ,transpose 9 pro(1 #aji1 ,,xi4 ,u ,until1 #g1 #a4 ,unconnect$ words1 #af1 ,,xiii41 comma1 :5 us$1 #ag1 #a1 #c2 :5 n us$1 #ag1 #b4 ,uncle1 :5 to comm5ce ) a capital1 #fc1 #b1 #c2 #ij1 #b2 #if1 #b4 ,v ,v]b omitt$1 #ae1 ,x42 ma9 clauses sep>at$ by a semicolon1 #ae1 #a2 comma omitt$1 #ae1 #b4 ,vice-presid5t1 #ej1 #c4 ,w ,:at1 #h1 #a4 ,:51 #g1 #a4 ,words1 p>5!tical1 #i1 ,,iv42 9 apposition1 #ae1 ,,xi42 unconnect$1 #af1 ,,xiii42 s]ies (1 #ag1 ,,xiv42 repeat$ = emphasis1 #ag1 #c2 #ce1 #c2 two connect$ by or1 #ah1 #b2 words & phrases 9 a s]ies1 #ai1 #c2 f a =eign language1 #dc1 #b2 comp\nd1 #di1 ,i42 division (1 #ej1 ,,iii42 repeat$1 #eb1 ,i42 special1 #ff1 ,,xiii4 ,words p]sonifi$1 #fg1 ,,xiv42 caution1 #fh1 ,rem4 ,wrong lett]s & punctuation m>ks 9 pro(1 #aje1 ,i42 wrong words1 #ajf1 ,,ii4 ,y ,y\rs1 #dh1 #c4