,transcrib]'s ,note ,italic text display$ z3 italic ,,education ,,& ,,life ,,education ,,& ,,life ,,pap]s ,,& ,,addresses ,,by ,,james ,h4 ,,bak]1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,colorado1 ,,& ,,=m]ly ,,pr9cipal ,,( ,,! ,,d5v] ,,high ,,s*ool2 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,elem5t>y ,,psy*ology0 ,,longmans1 ,,gre51 ,,& ,,co4 #ia ,,& #ic ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,,london ,,& ,,bombay #aijj ,,copyright1 #aijj1 ,,by ,,longmans1 ,,gre51 ,,& ,,co4 ,all rights res]v$ ,press ( ,j4 ,j4 ,little ,co4 ,a/or ,place1 ,new ,york4 ,,preface4 ,! pap]s & addresses con/itut+ ?is volume 7 prep>$ = v>i\s occasions4 ,!y naturally fall into two gr\ps3 pap]s on ,education1 & addresses t come "u ! broad] title ( ,education & ,life4 ,! subjects ( ! fir/ gr\p are arrang$ 9 a some:at logical ord]1 namely3 a g5]al view ( ! field1 especially z se5 by ,plato2 second>y education & its relation to ! elem5t>y & high]2 "s pr9ciples & problems ( ! elem5t>y & second>y p]iods2 high] education2 ! practical be>+ ( all m5tal developm5t4 ,"s ( ! lead+ views pres5t$ 9 ?is book may be express$ 9 ! foll[+ propositions3 ,:ile our educational purpose mu/ rema9 ideal1 all education mu/ be br\ght 9 clos] t\* ) ! "w & ! problems ( to-day4 ,= ! safety ( democracy & ! welf>e ( society1 ! social aim 9 ! prep>ation = citiz5%ip mu/ be giv5 m prom95ce4 ,al?\gh me?ods t make p[] are ! great ne$ ( ! s*ools1 m5tal p[] )\t a cont5t ( k means no?+2 ea* field ( k has its own peculi> value1 &1 !re=e1 ! *oice ( /udies dur+ ! p]iod ( g5]al tra9+ is n a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,/udies belong+ to a giv5 p]iod are also good prep>ation = high] grades ( "w--a view to be m fully consid]$ by ! colleges4 ,9 ! readju/m5ts ( our educational sy/em1 ! entire "t betwe5 ! fir/ grade & college graduation mu/ be %ort5$4 ,"s common-s5se concepts :i* h always dwelt 9 human consci\sness1 prop]ly kept 9 view1 w\ld (t5 prev5t u f w&]+ 9 /range p$agogic bypa?s4 ,we h suff]$ f false int]pretation ( ! doctr9es ( pleasure1 pursuit ( incl9ation1 puni%m5t by natural consequ5ces1 & foll[+ l9es ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,evolution & mod]n psy*ology1 9 _! late/ int]pretations1 are rea*+ a safe philosophy = s*ool & life4 ,at ! close ( ?is c5tury we h almo/ a new insight into ! doctr9e ( happ9ess ?r\gh "w4 ,! h]oic1 e?ical1 & /hetic elem5ts ( "* are ( prime importance4 ,we (t5 f9d "s ( ! be/ pr9ciples ( tea*+ & rules ( life 9 lit]ature :i* does n rank z sci5tific1 b conta9s half-consci\s1 incid5tal expression ( deep insight into human nature1 & 9 "s ( ! writ]s ref]r$ to 9 ! addresses we f9d1 n only good p$agogics1 b fre% hope = bo? romance & practical philosophy4 ,= our view ( life & = our !ory ( education1 we are to int]pret evolution & judge ! purpose ( creation1 n by ! fir/ /ruggle ( a protozoan = food1 b by ! la/ aspiration ( man = ,heav54 ,,cont5ts4 ,,education4 ,,page ,i4 ,,h]itage ,,( ,,! ,,s*ol> #c ,greek & ,teuton1 #c4 ,our h]itage1 #e4 ,education1 #i4 ,=ce ( ideas1 #ad4 ,! mat]ial & ! spiritual1 #ah4 ,! ,am]ican /ud5t1 #ai4 ,lit]ature ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 #ba4 ,romance n dead1 #bc4 ,aspect ( sci5ce1 #be4 ,practical side1 #bf4 ,,ii4 ,,plato',s ,,philosophy ,,( ,,education ,,& ,,life #bi ,hi/orical1 #bi4 ,plato & ! influ5ce ( ,platonism1 #cb4 ,philosophy1 #cd4 ,religion1 #ch4 ,e?ics1 #ci4 ,education1 ,! /ate1 #dc-df4 ,comm5ts1 #df4 8,plato1 ?\ reasone/ well10 #di4 ,,iii4 ,,second>y ,,education3 ,a ,,review #ej ,introductory1 #ej4 ,summ>y ( recomm5dations1 #eb4 ,beg9n+ c]ta9 /udies e>li]1 #ee4 ,! high-s*ool p]iod1 #eg4 ,id5tity ( in/ruction1 ,bett] tea*]s1 ,po/pon+ f9al *oice ( a c\rse1 #fj-fa4 ,uni=mity1 #fa4 ,connection betwe5 high s*ools & colleges1 ,/&>d ( pr(essional s*ools1 ,adequate "w = ea* subject1 ,r$uc+ numb] ( subjects1 #fc-fd4 ,rational *oice ( subjects1 #fd4 ,analysis ( ! nature & importance ( ea* lead+ subject ( /udy1 #ff4 ,,iv4 ,,educational ,,values #fi ,crit]ion1 #fi4 ,values1 #fi4 ,!ory ( equival5ce1 #gb4 ,deviation f ideal c\rses1 ,self-activity1 ,int]e/1 ,app]ception1 ,correlation1 ,cord9ation1 ,culture-epo*s1 ,conc5tration1 ,laws ( association1 #gd-gh4 ,pleasure1 #gh4 ,v4 ,,p[] ,,z ,,relat$ ,,to ,,k #hj ,attempt to di/+ui% betwe5 p[] & k1 #hj4 ,illu/rations & inf]5ces1 #ha4 ,review ( article on me?ods t make p[]1 #hd4 ,! recluse & ! man ( action1 #hf4 ,exagg]ation ( p[]1 ,specializ+ too e>ly1 ,k9d ( k important1 ,specific & g5]al p[]1 ,argum5t = high] education1 #hf-hi4 ,p[] to enjoy1 ,en]gy ( "*1 #hi-ia4 ,,vi4 ,,moral ,,tra9+ #ib ,introductory1 #ib4 ,habit1 #ib4 ,lead]%ip1 #ie4 ,hi/oric examples1 ,lit]ature1 #if-ih4 ,precept1 ,objects = activity1 #ih-ii4 ,duty1 #ii4 ,:at ! s*ools are do+1 #aja4 ,,vii4 ,,c ,,virtue ,,be ,,taught8 #ajc ,protagoras' view1 #ajc4 ,e?ical problem ( second>y s*ools1 #ajc4 ,analysis ( impulses to action1 #aje4 ,relation ( :ole s*ool curriculum to moral developm5t1 #ajg4 ,"s specific ways ( tea*+ practical e?ics1 #ajh4 ,int]e/1 #aab4 ,romanticism1 #aac4 ,moral gr[? a gr[? 9 fre$om1 #aae4 ,,viii4 ,,college ,,& ,,univ]sity #aaf ,summ>y ( answ]s to inquiries1 #aaf4 ,! college & prep>ation1 #aag4 ,lib]al education1 #aba4 ,! college & active life1 #abd4 ,e?ical ideals1 #abe4 ,univ]sity /&>ds1 #abg4 ,,ix4 ,,univ]sity ,,ideals #acj ,hi/orical1 #acj4 ,! ,/ate ,univ]sity1 #acb4 ,"s univ]sity problems1 #aci4 ,x4 ,,g5]al ,,education ,,practical #ade ,practical be>+ ( all education1 #ade4 ,_w /ill dem&s lib]al education1 /hetic & ideal elem5ts1 #adh-aea4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,an ,,ideal ,,life4 ,i4 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,gospel ,,( ,,"w #aee ,philosophy ( "w1 #aee4 ,"s exempl>s1 #afa4 ,mod]n romance1 #afc4 ,"w = o!rs1 #afe4 ,! complete man1 #afg4 ,epic & idyl1 #afi4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,psy*ology ,,( ,,fai? #agb ,"q /at$1 #agb4 ,"s late/ views ( evolution1 #age4 ,"s gr\nds ( fai?1 #agf4 ,poetic insight1 #ahc4 ,! practical life1 #ahd4 ,,iii4 ,,evolution ,,( ,a ,,p]sonal ,,ideal #ahg ,illu/ration & law ( gr[?1 #ahg4 ,/ation>y ideals1 ,advance1 #ahh-aic4 ,means ( developm5t1 #aic4 ,be ( to-day1 #aie4 ,a cre$1 #aif4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,greek ,,virtues ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,application #aii ,ess5tial conditions = a satisfactory life1 #aii4 ,a s\nd body1 #bjj4 ,c\rage1 #bja4 ,wisdom1 #bjc4 ,ju/ice1 #bje4 ,rev]5ce1 #bjg4 ,! practical _w1 #bji4 ,v4 ,,! ,,/ud5t ,,z ,,citiz5 #baa ,hebrew & ,greek /&>ds ( citiz5%ip1 #baa4 ,ea* a "p ( ! :ole1 #bac4 ,responsibility ( ! s*ol>1 #bad4 ,! /ud5t's obligation to ! /ate1 #baf4 ,political /&>ds1 #bah4 ,,vi4 ,,optimism ,,& ,,int]e/ #bba ,gr\nd & nature ( int]e/1 #bba4 ,_m int]e/s1 #bbb4 ,validity ( in/9ct1 #bbc4 ,moral grades1 #bbe4 ,cultivation ( int]e/1 #bbg4 ,happ9ess1 #bcj4 ,occupation1 #bcb4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,e?ical ,,& ,,/hetic ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,education #bcd ,baccalaureate ,day1 #bcd4 ,c\rage & opportunity1 #bcd4 8,laught] ( ! s\l at itself10 #bcg4 ,attitude t[>d religion1 #bch4 ,love ( art1 #bda4 ,,viii4 ,,progress ,,z ,,realization #bdc ,!me illu/rat$1 #bdc4 ,individual hi/ory1 #bdd4 ,ideals & developm5t1 #bde4 ,significance ( high] emotional life1 #bej4 ,future ( hi/ory & philosophy1 #beb4 ,realization1 #bec4 ,,education4 ,,education4 ,,h]itage ,,( ,,! ,,s*ol>4 ,= a ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,teuton appe>$ on ! sc5e ( civilization1 ! sages _h be5 tea*+ 9 ! agora ( ,a!ns & 9 ! groves & g>d5s ( its environs4 ,!re pr(\nd subjective philosophies 7 imp>t$ to eag] seek]s = tru?1 & 9 ! s*ools geometry1 rhetoric1 music1 & gymna/ics gave to ! ,attic y\? a culture m ref9$ ?an 0 ev] possess$ by any o!r p4 ,! ,a!nians 7 famili> ) a lit]ature :i*1 = purity & elegance ( /yle1 0 nev] surpass$4 ,! ,greeks believ$ ) ,plato1 t 8rhy?m & h>mony f9d _! way into ! secret places ( ! s\l1 on :i* !y mightily fa/51 be>+ grace 9 _! movem5ts1 & mak+ ! s\l graceful ( him :o is rightly educat$40 ,!re temples rose ) /ately column & sculptur$ frieze1 & art fa%ion$ m>ble 9 ! images ( ! gods ) a transc5d5t skill t gave an endur+ "n to _m ( its devotees4 ,meantime our ance/ors 7 w&]+ we/w>d ?r\gh ! =e/s ( ,europe1 or 7 dwell+ = a "t 9 ?at*$ huts on "s f]tile pla91 or 9 "s invit+ glade or grove4 ,b ^! *ildr5 ( ! =e/1 almo/ savages1 possess$ ! g5ius ( progress1 a p[] t turn$ to its own uses ! civilization ( ! pa/1 & almo/ :olly det]m9$ ! "* ( mod]n hi/ory4 ,!y highly e/eem$ indep5d5ce & honor4 ,9 _! e/imate ( woman !y /ood above ! p ( antiquity1 & ! home 0 held sacr$4 ,!y possess$ a practical & e>ne/ _s1 an inborn dislike = m]e =malism1 & a reg>d = ess5tials t lat] develop$ 9 sci5tific discov]y & indep5d5ce ( ?\ght4 ,! ,teuton _h a nature 9 :i* ideas took a firm root1 & he _h a pr(\ndly religi\s _s1 impressible by great religi\s tru?s4 ,he li/5$ to ! ru/le ( ! oak leaves 9 8 sacr$ groves1 z did ! ,greeks at ,dodona1 & !y :isp]$ to him ( my/]i\s p[]s t manife/$ !mselves ?r\gh nature4 ,! scalds1 ! old ,teutonic poets1 sang 9 weird runic rhymes ( ! valor\s de$s ( _! ance/ors4 ,h[ ! ,teutons hurl$ !mselves aga9/ ! b>ri]s ( ! ,roman ,empire1 h[ !y ov]ran ! fields ( ,italy1 h[ !y absorb$ & assimilat$ to _! own nature :at 0 be/ 9 ! civilization ( ! anci5ts1 h[ !y =m$ ! nuclei ( ! mod]n nations1 h[ ! r5aissance ( ! anci5t lit]ature & art 9 ,italy spread ov] ,we/]n ,europe & rea*$ ,engl&1 & lat] an (f%oot 0 transplant$ to ,am]ican soil--^! & simil> !mes con/itute "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ portions ( hi/ory4 ,n lea/ important is ! fact t ! ,roman _w gave ! ,teutons ! religion ( ,*ri/1 t highe/ developm5t ( fai? 9 ?+s n se51 :i*1 to ! m9d ( _m a se>*] 9 rational !ology1 is a necess>y "p ( a complete plan1 to a belief 9 :i* we are l$ by a pr(\ndly contemplative view ( nature & human life4 ,we /udy ! pa/ to "k ! pres5t4 ,man f9ds himself only by a broad view ( ! _w & ( hi/ory1 toge!r ) a deep insight into 8 own be+4 ,our pres5t in/itutions are und]/ood bett] :5 view$ hi/orically2 9 ! light ( hi/ory our pres5t opportunities & obligations assume full] significance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ! m+l+ ( two /reams1 "o fl[+ f ! sacr$ f\nts ( ,greece & ,rome1 ! o!r spr++ f among ! rocks & p9es ( ! ,g]man =e/s1 a curr5t ( civilization 0 =m$ :i* swept onw>d & broad5$ into a placid & p[]ful riv]4 ,let u view ! "* ( ! pres5t p]iod1 & le>n to value :at has come d[n to u f ! pa/--our h]itage ( in/itutions & ideas1 a h]itage d]iv$ f ! two s\rces1 ,greco-,roman & ,teutonic4 ,! indep5d5t1 practical1 inve/igat+ en]gy ( ! ,teutonic "* has made ?is an age ( sci5tific discov]y & mat]ial progress4 ,! =ces ( nature are turn$ to man's uses4 ,sci5ce discov]s & proclaims ! laws ( nature's processes1 & evolution admits t1 9 view ( e ph5om5on1 we are 9 ! pres5ce ( an inscrutable en]gy t ord]s & su/a9s all nature's manife/ations4 ,! ideas ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 univ]sally receiv$ by ! new peoples1 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies h =c$ !mselves 9 _! full mean+ ^u ! m9ds ( m51 & !y det]m9e m ?an all else ! altrui/ic _s ( ! age4 ,altruism is ! s\l ( ,*ri/ianity2 x has become a =ceful & practical idea1 & x promises great] *anges 9 political & social conditions ?an ! _w has ev] se54 ,! religi\s revolt ( ! sixte5? c5tury is a ,teutonic inh]itance--a revolt :i* transmitt$ "s evils1 b :i* abjur$ =malism & bas$ m]it ^u ! ess5tial1 consci\s attitude ( man4 ,if ! impulse t grew into ! revolution ( ! eighte5? c5tury & l$ to political emancipation 0 n ( ,teutonic orig91 x 0 receiv$ & *]i%$ ev]y:]e by ,teutonic peoples1 & 0 c>ri$ by !m to p]man5t conclusions4 ,! mod]n ,teuton is f\nd 9 8 highe/ developm5t 9 ! intellig5t ,am]ican ( to-day4 ,! anci5t ,teuton caught up ! tor* ( civilization1 & 9 ! f\rte5 c5turies s9ce has c>ri$ x f>4 ,x is1 p]haps1 a return k9dly made by fate t ! light ( t tor* 0 = _m ye>s a beacon to b5ight$ ,italy4 ,! mod]n ,teuton ext5ds to h] ! h& ( enlight5$ sympa?y1 & rememb]s 9 gratitude ! great gift receiv$ f h] 9 ! e>ly c5turies4 ,& we inh]it f ! anci5ts1 ^? ma/] m9ds t 7 ! au?ors ( great conceptions :5 ! _w 0 "y4 ,greece 0 ! ,%akespe>e ( ! anci5t _w4 ,x transmut$ all t x _h receiv$ f ! nations ( ! ,ori5t into =ms ( surpass+ g5ius1 ev5 z ! great ma/] ( ! ,elizabe?an p]iod ( our era turn$ all t he t\*$ into preci\s metal4 ,:5 ! _w 0 crude1 & !re 7 no great orig9als to imitate1 x meant mu* to create1 & create s p]fectly t _m ( ! results h ev] s9ce be5 ideals = all peoples4 ,phidias & ,apelles1 ,p]icles & ,demo/h5es1 ,hom] & ,euripides1 ,h]odotus & ,x5ophon1 ,ari/ides1 ,socrates & ,plato & ,ari/otle--arti/s1 /atesm51 orators1 poets1 hi/orians1 m5 great & j1 philosoph]s6 ,c we wond] t ! glory ( _! names increases ) "t8 ,!y 7 m5 :om no truly indep5d5t work] ev] surpass$4 ,no wond] ! soil ( ,greece is sacr$1 & t m5 ( to-day g back 9 imag9ation across ! *asm ( ages & visit x ) rev]5tial _s4 ,no wond] we /ill g to ! orig9al s\rces = culture & inspiration4 ,no wond] ! great & noble m5 ( ,greece are /ill among ! be/ examples = ! in/ruction ( y\?4 ,! pass at ,!rmopyl1 :]e p]i%$ ! ?ree hundr$1 ! ,p>!non1 are hall[$ by sacr$ memories4 ,! ,greeks _h a m>vell\s love = nature4 ,!y saw x in/9ct ) life1 & 9 fancy beheld "s p]sonal p[] mov+ 9 ! zephyr1 or fl[+ ) ! riv]1 or dwell+ 9 ! gr[+ tree4 ,_! my?ology has become ! h&maid ( lit]ature4 ,p>nassus1 ,apollo & ! ,sacr$ ,n9e comm& almo/ a belief ) our rev]5ce4 ,if ! seats on ! sacr$ m\nt are already fill$ ) ! great m5 ( ! pa/1 at lea/ we c sit at _! feet4 ,! /udy ( ! humanities has a peculi> value1 because x develops di/9ctively human possibilities4 ,?\ght & language are my/]i\sly connect$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ not$ philologi/s ( ! age claims t ?\ght )\t language is impossible4 ,! use ( language helps to develop concepts4 ,f9e lit]ature1 ) its ?\ghts1 its beauty ( expression1 con/ructs1 z x 71 ! be/ *annels = orig9al expression4 ,art /rives = p]fection1 cultivates ideals1 ref9es & ennobles4 ,x creates an und]/&+ ( all ! ideals t may be includ$ 9 ! categories ( ! ,true1 ! ,beautiful1 & ! ,good2 h5ce ! int]pretation ( ! aphorism ( ,goe!1 8,! beautiful is great] ?an ! good1 = x includes ! good & adds some?+ to x40 ,art gives /r5g? to ! aspirations1 & l5ds w+s to ! _s4 ,! /udy ( ! humanities is a gr& means ( real developm5t4 ,! pres5t (f]s ! /ud5t two sides ( education--! mod]n & ! classic1 ! sci5ces & ! humanities4 ,ev] s9ce ! ,baconian me?od 0 giv5 to ! _w ! int]e/ 9 sci5ce has /eadily increas$1 until n[ !re is dang] ( neglect+ ! classic side4 ,ea* side ( education has its value2 ei!r alone makes a "o-sid$ man2 let nei!r be neglect$4 ,9 ?is c\ntry to-day ! /ud5t moves 9 ! vangu>d ( progress2 he is heir to all t is be/ 9 ! pa/1 & 8 h]itage makes = him opportunities full ( promise4 ,all ! s\l gr[? ( our ance/ors modifies ! me*anism ( our intellectual processes1 & gives u m9ds t fall into rhy?m ) ! m>* ( ideas4 ,we pr(it by all ! pa/ has done2 ! active factors 9 ?is age ( fre$om--intellectual1 spiritual1 & political--are multipli$ by millions1 & ea* pr(its by ! ef=ts ( all4 ,intellectual acquirem5t is a duty2 to be ignorant is to be beh9d ! _s ( ! "t4 ,!re are problems yet to be solv$2 !re are duties to ourselves & ! age4 ,e individual t5d5cy1 fitness1 & incl9ation c be met by ! div]sity ( occupations1 ( k1 & ( fields ( inve/igation4 ,m5 ( moral /am9a are /ill ne$$ to /& = all t is be/4 ,new ideals are to be creat$ t %all typify an age :i* yet lacks poetic expression4 ,:5 we consid] ! evolution ( man & ( in/itutions1 we see t we are v f> f p]fection1 & t ea* p]iod ( hi/ory is a p]iod ( developm5t4 ,we read ( ! brutal traits ( our ance/ors1 _! ignorance1 & _! sup]/ition1 & we c /ill discov] ! same t5d5cies1 only m ref9$ & bett] controll$4 ,along ! av5ue ( progress we m>* t[>d ! high de/9y ( ! race4 ,evolution is ! law bo? ( ,sp5c] & ( ,hegel4 ,e /ruggle ( an e>ne/ s\l gives impetus to ! movem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,%akespe>e1 re>$ on ! /eppes ( ,c5tral ,asia1 among ! ,t>t> hordes ( ,g5ghis ,khan1 w\ld h be5 a savage--a poetic savage1 p]haps1 b /ill a savage--blood?ir/y1 re/less1 & wild4 ,born ( a primitive race1 9 "s sunny clime1 he w\ld h look$ dreamily ^u ! _w & life1 some:at z an animal ( ! =e/2 he w\ld h f$ on ! spontane\s products ( nature1 & h repos$ "u ! %ad[ ( 8 palm tree4 ,%akespe>e ( ,engl&1 by a long process ( education1 ga9$ ! ideas ( 8 age & ! culture ( ! great civilizations ( ! pa/4 ,8 education & ! =ceful ideas ( a p]iod ( ?\ght & re=mation & inve/igation /imulat$ ! di/9ctively human intellig5ce1 & awak5$ subjective analysis & poetic fancy1 & he made true pictures ( human "*1 _w types1 9 hi/ory1 trag$y1 & com$y4 ,education enables man to beg9 real life :]e ! previ\s age left (f4 ,x is an inh]it$ capital4 ,ideas1 fancies1 pr9ciples1 laws1 discov]ies1 exp]i5ce f failures1 :i* 7 ! "w ( c5turies1 are furni%$ ready at h& z tools = ! intellectual workman4 ,! pres5t is und]/ood 9 ! light ( hi/ory2 ! me?ods ( inve/igat+ nature are transmitt$4 ,! gr[? ( ! race is epitomiz$ 9 ! individual4 ,let u look at ! sph]e ( education4 ,"h is ! _w ( inf9ite v>iety1 =m1 & color4 ,! savage looks ^u x ) sup]/iti\s wond]1 &1 p]haps1 ) a k9d ( s5su\s enjoym5t4 ,he kn[s n h[ to wield nature to practical ends4 ,b ! book ( sci5ce is op5$ to him ?r\gh education4 ,he le>ns ! secrets ( nature's laboratory &1 z ) magic w&1 he m>%als ! atoms & causes new =ms ( matt] to appe> = 8 uses4 ,he le>ns ! manife/ations & transmutations ( nature's =ces1 & he tra9s !m to obey 8 w & d 8 "w4 ,he obs]ves h[1 "u ! influ5ce ( a di/9ct ord] ( =ces1 organic =ms rise on ! face ( nature & develop into high] & high] classes1 &1 incid5tally1 he le>ns ! uses ( vegetable products4 ,he kn[s ! laws ( numb]2 commodities1 /ructures1 & =ces are quantitatively e/imat$1 & mat]ial progress becomes possible4 ,he traces ! hi/ory ( nations & und]/&s ! problems ( ! pres5t4 ,he cat*es ! inspiration ( ! g5iuses ( lit]ature1 & he rises to a level ) ! great m9ds ( ! e>?2 he becomes a creature ( ideas1 s5tim5ts1 aspirations1 & ideals1 in/ead ( rema9+ a m]e animal4 ,he le>ns ! languages ( cultur$ peoples1 & gets at _! inn] life2 le>ns _! concepts1 ! poli% ( _! expression1 & becomes m enlight5$ & ref9$4 ,he /udies ! subjective side ( man1 t :i* is a mirror ( all t is objective1 & he und]/&s 8 own p[]s & possibilities1 & ! laws ( human gr[?4 ,he /udies philosophy1 & he /&s face to face ) ! ultimate conceptions ( creation & ga9s a basis = 8 ?\ght & conduct4 ,?is is a practical view1 & p]ta9s to ! mak+ ( a useful & /rong man--ma/] ov] ! =ces ( nature1 able to use ideas = practical ends1 & capable ( cont9u\s gr[?4 ,b k z su*1 & its use = manhood & happ9ess1 are (t5 und]e/imat$4 ,to "k ! processes & hi/ory ( inorganic nature1 to trace ! gr[? ( worlds & "k _! movem5ts1 & numb] ! />ry ho/s1 to /udy ! /ructure & developm5t ( all organic life1 to "k ! infallible laws ( ma!matics1 to live amid ! de$s ( m5 ( all ages1 to imbibe _! ri*e/ ?\ghts1 to /& 9 pres5ce ( ! problems ( ! inf9ite1 make a m]e animal man almo/ a god1 direct him t[>d ! realization ( ! great possibilities ( 8 be+4 ,imag9e a man born 9 a des]t l&1 & %ut 9 by ! walls ( a t5t f ! glories ( nature4 ,imag9e him to h matur$ 9 body ) no ?\ght or language o!r ?an p]ta9+ to ! ne$s ( physical exi/5ce4 ,imag9e him1 s9ce we may imag9e ! impossible1 to h a fully develop$ p[] = intellectual grasp & emotional life4 ,!n op5 up to him ! beauty ( ! =e/1 ! poetry ( ! sea1 ! gr&eur ( ! m\nta9s1 & ! sublimity ( ! />ry heav5s2 let him read ! secrets ( nature2 pres5t to him ! writ+s ( m5 ^: lives h be5 enri*$ by _! own labor1 & ^: faces radiate an almo/ div9e expression born ( good ?\ghts2 reveal to him ! gl[+ concepts t f9d expression ?r\gh ! *isel or bru% ( ! arti/1 & give him a view f ! summit ( philosophy4 ,w\ld he n look ^u nature z a m>vell\s temple ( inf9ite proportions1 adorn$ ) priceless gems & fresco$ ) ma/] h&8 ,w\ld he n reg>d art & ?\ght z div9ely inspir$8 ,& ?is picture is h>dly ov]drawn2 su* a contra/1 only less 9 degree1 lies betwe5 ! vici\s1 ignorant boor1 giv5 to animal pleasures1 & ! s*ol>4 ,le>n+ draws aside ! t5t folds & reveals ! wond]s ( ! temple4 ,man mu/ h enjoym5t2 if n intellectual1 !n x w be s5su\s & degrad+4 ,"h is an enjoym5t t does n pall1 a /imulus t does n react1 a gratification t ennobles4 ,moreov]1 education tra9s ! p[]s ?r\gh k4 ,! p[] to obs]ve accurately ! _w ( beauty & wond]2 ! p[] to recomb9e & modify 9 inf9ite kaleidoscopic =ms ! p]cepts & images ( ! m9d1 mak+ possible all progress2 ! p[] to elaborate1 v]ify1 & g5]alize2 ! p[] to feel ! greatness ( tru?1 ! rhy?ms & h>monies ( ! _w & ! beauty ( its =ms2 ! p[] to p]ceive & feel ! "r2 ! p[] to guide "o's self 9 pursuit ( ! be/--^! are wor? m ?an m]e practical acquisitions & m]e k1 = !y make possible all acquisition & gr[? & enjoym5t4 ,! ?\ghtless p]son :o argues aga9/ education little kn[s h[ mu* he & all m5 are indebt$ to x4 ,! dem& = g5]al intellig5ce is increas+1 & ! capabilities ( ! race = k are great] ) ea* educat$ g5]ation4 ,e>ne/ m5 are endeavor+ to make a degree ( culture almo/ univ]sal1 z is %[n by ! 8,*autauqua ,s*eme0 & ! plan ( 8,univ]sity ,ext5sion40 ,education adh]es less rigidly to ! old l9es1 & m5 c ga9 a m purely ,engli% tra9+1 includ+ sci5tific prep>ation = indu/rial & comm]cial pursuits4 ,^! s*emes are useful because !y t5d to popul>ize education1 & !y rea* a class :i* w\ld n be rea*$ by ! usual c\rses ( /udy4 ,b !re is dang] ( dep>t+ f ! ideal type ( education--education = g5]al tra9+ & k & manhood4 ,n t traditional c\rses mu/ be rigidly adh]$ to1 = a new field ( le>n+ has be5 op5$ 9 :i* may be acquir$ a k ( mat]ial nature4 ,b1 9 ! zeal = ! mod]n side ( education1 !re is dang] ( neglect+ ! anci5t1 ! classic side1 ! humanities4 ,language & lit]ature1 hi/ory & philosophy & art1 s9ce !y tra9 expression & cultivate ideals1 & tea* ! motives ( m5 & ! nature & de/9y ( ! human race1 s9ce !y deal ) ! spiritual m ?an ) ! mat]ial1 s9ce !y belong exclusively to man1 s9ce !y /imulate ! activity ( div9e p[]s & in/9cts1 s9ce !y are peculi>ly useful z m5tal gymna/ics1 s9ce !y are cultur+ & ref9+--!y /ill h & always w h a high value 9 ideal education4 ,! anci5t side & ! mod]n side %\ld fairly %>e ! honors 9 a college c\rse4 ,! argum5ts = s-call$ practical education are fallaci\s1 :5ev] ! nature1 "t1 & possibilities ( ! pupil w enable him to develop any?+ m ?an ! bread-w9n+ capabilities4 ,:5 "o kn[s ! pure ma!matics1 8 k c be appli$ 9 ! art ( bookkeep+ ) a m9imum ef=t4 ,bookkeep+ is a m]e incid5t 9 ! l9e ( ma!matical "w4 ,a ye> 9 a s*ool ( g5]al education1 ev5 to ! prospective cl]k or m]*ant1 %\ld be wor? t5 times z mu* z a ye> sp5t 9 ! practice ( me*anical processes4 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory is valuable to an ,am]ican y\?1 b1 :ile ) "o view ,am]ica is 9 ! =efront ( progress1 !re is ano!r view 9 :i* our c5tury ( hi/ory is only an incid5t 9 ! m>* ( ev5ts4 ,! pres5t c be und]/ood only hi/orically1 & ! elem5ts ( our civilization %\ld be kn[n 9 ! light ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,n only %\ld we adh]e to our fai? 9 univ]sity education1 b we c f9d reasons = rais+ ! /&>d ( a "p ( univ]sity "w4 ,ev5 n[1 no /ud5t %\ld receive a pr(essional degree :o has n previ\sly obta9$ at lea/ a complete high-s*ool education2 & ! "t may come :51 9 all in/itutions1 at lea/ two ye>s ( college life w be requir$ z a basis = a doctor's or a lawy]'s degree4 ,graduate c\rses h become a prom95t feature ( _m ,am]ican univ]sities1 & ye> by ye> l>g] numb]s ( /ud5ts seek high] degrees4 ,z ! race advances1 ! prep>ation = active life w necess>ily enl>ge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,_m "k b little ( ! =ces t move ! _w4 ,mat]ial progress does n make ! _s ( ! age1 b ! _s ( ! age makes mat]ial progress4 ,! outw>d works ( man are a result ( ! prompt+s ( ! inn] _s4 ,x is ! _s ( a nation t w9s battles1 ! _s ( a nation t makes inv5tions4 ,take away ideals & ! _w w\ld be in]t4 ,x is _s t makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,am]ican soldi] fight+ = 8 lib]ty & ! ,hessian hirel+ or ! old ,italian condotti]i :o play$ at w> = ! highe/ bidd]4 ,"h is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a slave & a freeman1 betwe5 ! oppress$ ( old c\ntries & ! free ,am]ican4 ,ideas move ! _w4 ,x is relat$ t 9 ! second ,mess5ian w> ! ,sp>tans1 obey+ ! ,delphic oracle1 s5t to ,a!ns = a lead]1 & ! ,a!nians 9 contempt s5t !m a lame s*oolma/]4 ,b ! s*oolma/] _h )9 him ! _s ( song1 & he s inspir$ ! ,sp>tans t !y f9ally ga9$ ! victory4 ,9 ! conte/s ) ,engl&1 dur+ ! "t ( ! ,edw>ds1 ! national _s ( ,wales 0 ar\s$ & su/a9$ by ! songs ( h] b>ds4 ,! ,m>seillaise ,hymn help$ to keep alive ! fire on ! alt> ( ,fr5* lib]ty4 ,x is only z man has hope1 aspirations1 c\rage1 t he acts1 &1 9 ord] to progress1 he mu/ act t[>ds ideals4 ,! m9d imag9es high] ?+s to be atta9$1 & endeavor foll[s4 ,natural features ( sea or =e/ or m\nta9 or des]t h some?+ to d ) ! "* & ideas ( a p2 s1 also1 ! mat]ial weal? 9 l&s & build+s4 ,b to und]/& ! great movem5ts ( hi/ory1 we mu/ look at ! great psy*ical factors4 ,our h]itage ( ideas1 our love ( lib]ty1 our ,puritan /&>ds1 our hatr$ ( tyranny1 our indep5d5ce ( _s1 are /rong *>act]i/ics t make u a di/9ctive & progressive p4 ,x 0 an idea t gave ,engl& h] ,magna ,*>ta2 an idea t made u a free & indep5d5t nation2 an idea t pres]v$ our ,union4 ,a man makes a labor-sav+ inv5tion1 & ! ease & luxury ( physical liv+ are increas$1 & m5 bless ! inv5tor & proclaim t ! practical man alone is ( use to ! _w4 ,ano!r gives to ! _w a ?\ght--a great "w ( art1 a song1 or a philosophy--& x takes possession ( m5 & becomes an inc5tive to noble liv+1 & ! race has truly progress$4 ,let ! _s t possesses our p die out & all mat]ial prosp]ity w\ld p]i%4 ,9 primitive times1 :5 m5 liv$ 9 caves1 &1 z ,*>les ,lamb humor\sly says1 w5t to b$ e>ly because !y _h no?+ else to d1 & grumbl$ at ea* o!r1 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( c&les1 7 oblig$ to feel ( _! comrades' faces to cat* ! smile ( appreciation at _! jokes--!n1 if a great man _h a ?\ght1 he relat$ x to 8 neighbor1 & 8 neighbor told x to a fri5d1 & x did good4 ,lat]1 a great man _h a ?\ght1 & he wr\ght x out labori\sly on a p>*m5t & loan$ x to 8 neighbor1 & he s5t x to a fri5d1 & _m came1 sometimes f f>1 to read x1 & x did m good4 ,9 our age a great man _h a ?\ght & he pr9t$ x 9 a book1 & ?\s&s read x1 & x 0 translat$ into _m tongues1 & 8 words became h\sehold words1 & ! race _h tak5 a /ep =w>d4 ,! _w advances m rapidly to-day because ideas spread ) su* facility4 ,:at is call$ contemptu\sly 8book le>n+10 ! education ( "y m5 9 ! s*ools1 helps to pres]ve1 increase1 make useful1 & transmit all ! discov]ies & ! be/ ?\ghts ( pa/ g5]ations4 ,! /ud5t is likely to be a man ( ideas1 ( ideals1 & h5ce he is ! great p[] ( ! _w4 ,! man ( affairs says to ! ideal man3 ,!re is no?+ ( value b railroads1 h\ses1 inv5tions1 & creature com=ts4 ,( :at use are y\r hi/ory1 poetry1 philosophy1 & /uff8 ,! s*ol> replies3 ,e man contributes some?+ to ! common good4 ,i am improv$ by y\r practical view & skill1 & y are unconsci\sly b5efit$ by my ideas4 ,y live1 )\t kn[+ x1 9 an atmosph]e ( ideas1 & ! practical m5 ( to-day brea! x 9 & are inspir$ & /imulat$ by x4 ,)\t ! atmosph]e ( ideas1 y\r inv5tions & mat]ial progress w\ld n be4 ,! culture ( ! anci5ts directly enc\rages ideal /&>ds4 ,x 0 a happy ?\ght ( ! ,greek t p]sonifi$ pr9ciples & ideas1 t creat$ muses to preside ov] ! =ms ( lit]ature4 ,let u deify our be/ ideals & set up alt>s = _! wor%ip4 ,m5 laugh at ! nons5se ( poetry & ideal /&>ds1 b ?\ghtful m5 pity !m4 ,i rememb] li/5+ "s ye>s s9ce to a prom95t lectur] 9 a l>ge t[n4 ,he began ) a prelude1 9 :i* ) ma/]ly /rokes he pictur$ ! admirable location ( ! city1 its relation to ! environ+ regions1 ! :ole c\ntry1 & ! _w1 its probable gr[?1 its mat]ial promise1 & its opportunity = social1 intellectual1 & moral developm5t1 & he po9t$ to ! picture z an inspiration = "y m54 ,!n he ent]$ ^u 8 ma9 !me1 8,pro(s ( ,immortality40 ,z ) dramatic di/9ctness he made "o po9t aft] ano!r1 he held 8 va/ audi5ce brea?less & spellb\nd4 ,! next morn+ ,i took up my pap] at ! breakfa/ table & not$ ! gl>+ headl9es & details ( robb]ies1 murd]s1 & dome/ic sc&als1 :ile1 9 an obscure corn]1 express$ 9 a contemptu\s mann]1 7 a doz5 l9es ^u ! magnific5t oratory & supreme !mes ( ! ev5+ be=e4 ,is !re n room = ! s*ol> ) 8 ideals8 99 99 99 99 99 ,rudy>d ,kipl+1 t ,engli%man 9 a /range ori5tal g>b1 visit$ "o ( ! great & prosp]\s cities ( our c\ntry4 ,he 0 met by a committee ( citiz5s & %[n ! glory ( ! t[n4 ,!y gave him ! height ( _! blocks1 ! co/ ( _! palace hotels1 & ! ext5t ( _! /ocky>ds1 expect+ him to express wond] & admiration4 ,he surpris$ !m by exclaim+1 8,g5tlem51 are ^! ?+s s8 ,!n1 inde$1 ,i am sorry = y20 & he call$ !m b>b>ians1 savages1 because !y glori$ 9 _! mat]ial possessions1 & said no?+ ( ! morals ( ! city1 no?+ ( h] great m51 no?+ ( h] gov]nm5t1 h] *>ities1 & h] art4 ,he call$ !m b>b>ians because !y valu$ _! adornm5ts1 n = ! art 9 !m1 b = _! co/ 9 doll>s4 ,a lectur] n long ago said d]isively t ( all ! ,a!nians :o li/5$ ) rapt att5tion to ! orations ( ,demo/h5es1 probably n "o _h a p9 or a button = 8 cloak4 ,x w\ld be a curi\s problem to weigh a few orations ( ,demo/h5es aga9/ p9s & buttons4 ,x is said ( m5 ( old5 "t t !y conspir$ to build !mselves up into heav5 by us+ mat]ials ( e>?1 & began to erect a l(ty t[]1 b ! ,almighty1 see+ ! futility ( _! endeavor1 ?w>t$ _! attempt at its inception1 & ?us %[$ t m5 c\ld nev] asc5d to ! heav5s by any mat]ial means4 ,x is a wond]ful inv5tion1 b no fly+ ma*9e w ev] give w+s to ! _s4 ,!re is a mat]ial & a spiritual side to ! _w1 & ! spiritual c nev] be enhanc$ by ! mat]ial4 ,! l[] animals1 ?r\gh _! in/9cts1 p]=m mat]ial feats (t5 surpass+ ! skill ( man4 ,= 8 purpose ! beav] c build a bett] dam ?an man2 no skill ( man c make honey = ! bee4 ,t :i* di/+ui%es man is 8 manhood1 8 ?\ght1 8 ideals1 8 spirituality4 ,!re is a glory ( ! pres5t & a glory ( ! pa/4 ,! glory ( ! pa/ 0 its lit]ature1 its art1 its examples ( greatness4 ,let u reta9 ! glory ( ! anci5t civilization & add to x ! m>vell\s sci5tific & practical _s ( ! pres5t4 ,!n %all we h a civilization surpass+ any previ\s "o4 ,let u n only tunnel our m\nta9s = outlets to our great transcont95tal railway sy/ems1 b let u also f9d among our m\nta9 ranges1 & domes1 & caons1 "s sacr$ grottoes4 ,let u n only explore our peaks = gold & silv]1 b f9d "s ,p>nassus1 sacr$ to ! ,muses1 :om we %all le>n to invoke n 9 va94 99 99 99 99 99 ,%all we v5ture to *>act]ize ! ,am]ican /ud5t ( ! ne> future8 ,he w h>dly be a recluse1 nor w he :olly neglect ! body = ! culture ( ! m9d4 ,he w be a man ( ! _w1 a man ( bus9ess2 on ! "o h&1 n disreg>d+ ! uses ( weal?1 &1 on ! o!r1 n f9d+ mat]ial possessions & s5su\s enjoym5t ! bett] "p ( life4 ,he w be an influ5ce 9 politics & 9 ! solution ( all social problems4 ,8 ideals w be view$ some:at 9 ! light ( _! practicality4 ,he w "k ! laws ( m5tal gr[? 9 ord] to use !m1 & w f9d ! av5ues ( approa* to m5's motives4 ,8 religion w add m ( "w to fai?4 ,he w secure a high gr[? ( self by reg>d+ ! welf>e ( o!rs1 in/ead ( wor%ipp+ exclusively at ! %r9e ( 8 own developm5t4 ,! sci5tific k ( nature's mat]ials & =ces1 & ! skill to use !m1 w invite a l>ge class ( m9ds4 ,9 brief1 ! com+ /ud5t w take on m ( ! traits ( ! ideal man ( affairs4 ,b1 :ile we may n expect a revival ( ! almo/ romantic life ( ! e>ly lit]>y clubs ( ,london1 !re w be _m a gr\p devot$ to ! enjoym5t ( ?\ght & beauty 9 lit]ature4 ,if no ,socrates %all walk ! /reets proclaim+ 8 wisdom on ! corn]s1 at imm95t risk f cable c>s & policem51 !re w be a philosophy1 dissem9at$ ?r\gh ! press ( ! com+ c5tury1 :i* w /ill /rive to rea* beyond ! processes ( nature to ! unkn[n cause1 w rexam9e ^? conceptions ( ! ,absolute1 :i* are ?\ght to /& ! te/ :5 appli$ to expla9 ! problems ( human life4 ,if no ,diog5es %all be f\nd ) 8 lant]n at noontide1 seek+1 z x 71 9 a microscopic way1 ! hone/ man :i* ! brilliant lum9>y fail$ to reveal1 _m a "o1 liv+ c\rage\sly 8 pr9ciples & convictions1 w endeavor by precept & example to make an age ( hone/ m5 :o w f9d ! gold5 rule 9 ! necessities ( human int]c\rse1 z well z 9 ! concepts ( e?ics & ! tea*+ ( religion4 ,! /ud5t owes mu* to ! _w4 ,! ideal s*ol> is too intellig5t to be prejudic$1 "o-sid$1 or sup]/iti\s4 ,he %\ld avoid ! pa? ( ! political demagogue4 ,he %\ld "k ! =ce ( ideas & ! value ( ideals2 he %\ld be too wise to fall into ! sl\gh ( pure mat]ialism4 ,! lit]ature ( ! future w n try ! bold1 metaphorical flights ( ,%akespe>e1 b !re w be a lit]ature t w %[ ! poetry ( ! new ideas4 ,:atev] philosophy f9ally becomes ! preval5t "o1 !re are c]ta9 transc5d5tal conceptions1 f :i* ! human m9d _c escape1 t w /ill inspire poetry4 ,!re mu/ always be m5 :o w op5 _! eyes to ! wond]s ( ! _w & ( human exi/5ce--:o mu/ "k t any1 ! commone/1 sub/ance is a my/]y1 ! key to :i* w\ld unlock ! secrets ( ! univ]se4 ,! beauty ( ! />ry heav5s w ev] be transc5d5t2 e natural sc5e & object rema9s a surpass+ "w ( art2 life is fill$ ) trag$y & com$y1 & ! possibilities ( human exi/5ce are z sublime z ! et]nal heights & dep?s4 ,su* conceptions beget a poetry :i* rises to a fai? above reason2 t in/9ctively looks ^u ! fact ( creation & ( exi/5ce z sublime & full ( promise1 & cl+s to a belief1 h[ev] vague1 9 ! ultimate gr& outcome = ! individual4 ,! "r view ( ! _w is ess5tially poetic1 & ! true/ poetry includes fai? & rev]5ce4 ,x is ! privilege ( ! e>ne/ & pr(\nd s*ol> to "k t lit]ature ref9es1 t philosophy ennobles1 t religion purifies1 t ideals inspire1 & t ! _w c be expla9$ 9 its highe/ mean+ only by ! conception ( a p]sonal ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,not)/&+ its practical t5d5cies1 ?is c5tury is n want+ 9 ! highe/ lit]>y p[]4 ,x has giv5 u ! univ]sal insight & sympa?y ( ,goe!1 ^: writ+s ,c>lyle describes z 8,a ,?\s&-voic$ ,melody ( ,wisdom40 ,he ?us cont9ues1 8,s did ,goe! cat* ! ,music ( ! ,univ]se1 & unfold x into cle>ness1 &1 9 au!ntic cele/ial tones1 br+ x home to ! he>ts ( m540 ,?is c5tury has reveal$ ! gr&eur ( metaphysical ?\ght ?r\gh ,hegel1 & f\nd a wond]ful exp\nd] ( sci5ce 9 ,sp5c]4 ,ea* an expon5t ( a great philosophy1 bo? giants 9 m5tal grasp1 !y greatly influ5ce ! ?\ght ( ! age1 & become co-work]s 9 ! inve/igation ( _m-sid$ tru?4 ,next /&s ,c>lyle1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is me*anical & seem+ly unpoetic age1 & proclaims x an age ( romance2 9 inspir$ words tea*es ! beauty ( ! g5u9e1 ! sublimity ( creation1 ! gr&eur ( human life4 ,wordswor?1 ,nature's prie/1 int]prets h] =ms & moods ) f9e/ insight1 & f9ds !m expressive ( div9e ?\ght4 ,he looks q ?r\gh mat]ial =ms & feels 8,a s5se sublime ,( some?+ f> m deeply int]fus$1 ,^: dwell+ is ! light ( sett+ suns1 ,& ! r\nd ocean & ! liv+ air1 ,& ! blue sky1 & 9 ! m9d ( man3 ,a motion & a _s1 t impels ,all ?9k+ ?+s1 all objects ( all ?\ght1 ,& rolls ?r\gh all ?+s40 ,our own ,em]son to ?is g5]ation qua9tly says1 8,hit* y\r wagon to a />10 & ?\s&s /rive to rise sup]ior to occupation1 rank1 & habit into ! dignity ( manhood--to rise above ! cl\ds ( sorr[ & disappo9tm5t1 & ba! 9 ! pure sunlight4 ,! spiritual beauty ( 8 face1 ! calm dignity ( 8 life w live 9 ! memory ( m5 & add to ! =ce ( 8 writ+s4 ,longfell[ has said1 8,look1 !n1 into ?9e he>t1 & write40 ,e aspiration1 e c>e & sorr[1 e mood & s5tim5t1 f9ds 9 him a true sympa?y2 he /&s =emo/1 n z a g5ius ( ! intellect1 b z a g5ius ( ! he>t4 ,h[ (t5 he ent]s our homes1 sits at our firesides1 t\*es ! sweete/1 t5d]e/ *ords ( ! lyre1 awak5s ! pure/ aspirations ( our be+4 ,!n comes ,dick5s1 & tells u t fiction may h a high & noble mission2 t x may tea* love1 b5evol5ce1 & *>ity2 t x may promote *e]fulness & cont5tm5t2 t x may expose inju/ice & def5d tru? & "r4 ,all ^!1 ea* a ma/] 9 8 field1 are p[]ful 9 _! influ5ce2 b beyond ?is fact is ! m significant "o t !y index "s ( ! bett] t5d5cies ( ! c5tury4 ,nev] be=e 7 s _m fields ( ?\ght repres5t$2 nev] did any possess ma/]s ( great] skill4 ,we may hope t1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ?is p]iod ( mat]ial prosp]ity1 inv5tion1 & sci5tific rese>*1 ! spiritual side ( man's nature w ultimately ga9 new /r5g?1 & ?\ght a deep] insight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) our exact ?\ght & practical en]gy1 is !re n dang] ( los+ all ! romance :i* clo!s human exi/5ce ) beauty & hope8 ,! gods are bani%$ f ,olympus2 ,helicon is no long] sacr$ to ! ,muses2 ,eg]ia has dissolv$ into a f\nta9 ( te>s2 ! ,dryads h fl$ f ! sacr$ oaks2 ! elves no long] flit 9 ! sunbeams2 ,od9 lies buri$ b5ea? ! ru9s ( ,walhalla2 8,pan is dead40 ,t weal? ( imag9ation :i* *>act]iz$ ! ,greek1 enabl$ him to p]sonify ! p[]s t roll$ 9 ! flood or sigh$ 9 ! breeze1 has pass$ away4 ,we w\ld turn ,p>nassus into a /one qu>ry & hew ! homes ( ! ,dryads into m]*antable lumb]4 ,! spe> ( *ivalry is brok5 9 ! li/s by ! implem5ts ( ! me*anic1 ! t\rney is conv]t$ into a fair4 ,romance is = a "t cl\d$ by ! smoke ( manufactories4 ,b a se] has aris51 :o f9ds 9 remote/ places & 9 humble/ life ! ess5ce ( romance4 ,c>lyle is our true poet & we d well to compreh5d 8 mean+4 ,to 8 m9d we h b to pa9t ! meane/ object 9 its actual tru? & ! picture is a poem4 ,romance exi/s 9 reality4 8,! ?+ t is1 :at c be s wond]ful80 8,9 our own poor ,n9ete5? ,c5tury 444 he has witness$ ov]head ! inf9ite deep1 ) less] & great] lights1 bright-roll+1 sil5t-beam+1 hurl$ =? by ! h& ( ,god2 ar\nd him & "u 8 feet ! wond]fulle/ e>?1 ) h] w9t] sn[ /orms & summ] spice airs1 & 7unacc\ntable/ ( all7 himself /&+ !re4 ,he /ood 9 ! lapse ( ,"t2 he saw et]nity beh9d him & be=e him40 ,i _c lead y to ! end ( t wond]ful passage1 b x is wor? ! devotion ( solitude4 ,we h left ! sup]/itions ( ! pa/1 b ! beauty ( my?ology is transmut$ into ! glory ( tru?4 ,9 ! valley ( ,*am\nix1 ,col]idge sang = u a gr&] hymn ?an any anci5t epic1 ,wordswor? has read ! promise ( immortality 9 a humble fl[]1 sci5ce reveals to u ! sublimity ( creation4 ,romance has n pass$ away2 if we w b look nature becomes transp>5t & we see ?r\gh to ,nature's ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,_m good m5 fe> ! results ( indep5d5t ?\ght & sci5tific rese>*1 b su* fe> is ! outgr[? ( n>r[ views4 ,e pione] 9 an unexplor$ field %\ld be welcom$4 ,! ,d>w9s & ! ,sp5c]s are do+ a gr& "w4 ,only ! wide/ inve/igation c possibly affirm ! tru? ( any belief4 ,let m5 d\bt _! in/9cts & g =? to seek a f\ndation = tru?4 ,let !m trace ! evolution ( organiz$ be+ f ! simple/ elem5ts4 ,let !m resolve ! sun & planets & all ! wond]ful manife/ations ( =ce into nebul & heat4 ,let inve/igation seek e nook & corn] p5etrable by human k4 ,all ?is w b %[ ! processes & ! wond]s ( creation )\t reveal+ ! cause or end4 ,! intellect ( man1 = a "t divorc$ f ! w>m in/9cts ( 8 be+1 s5t =? into *ill & rayless regions ( discov]y1 hav+ p]=m$ its mission1 w return & speak to ! human s\l 9 />tl+1 welcome acc5ts3 ,f> & wide ,i h s\ght a basis = tru? & f\nd x n4 ,any philosophy t recognizes no ,god is false4 ,se>* y\r inn] consci\sness4 ,y are y\rself ,god's highe/ expression ( tru?4 ,y see beauty 9 ! fl[]1 glory 9 ! heav5s4 ,y h human love & sympa?y1 div9e aspirations4 ,life to y is no?+ )\t aim & hope4 ,tru/ y\r high] in/9cts4 ,! anci5t ,romans read om5s 9 ! flight ( birds1 & ord]$ great ev5ts by ^! suppos$ revelations ( ! deities4 ,9 our day1 a ,bryant has wat*$ by f\nta9 & grove = ! revelations ( ,god1 & has read 9 ! flight ( a 8,wat]f[l0 a deep] augury ?an any anci5t prie/1 = x relates n to political ev5ts1 b to an et]nal tru?1 implant$ 9 ! brea/ & confirm+ ! hope ( man4 8,!re is a p[] ^: c>e ,tea*es ?y way along t pa?less coa/-- ,! des]t & illimitable air-- ,lone w&]+ b n lo/4 8,?\'rt gone1 ! abyss ( ,heav5 ,ha? swall[$ up ?y =m2 yet on my he>t ,deeply has sunk ! lesson ?\ ha/ giv51 ,& %all n soon dep>t4 8,he :o1 f zone to zone1 ,guides ?r\gh ! b\ndless sky ?y c]ta9 flight1 ,9 ! long way t ,i mu/ tread alone1 ,w lead my /eps aright40 ,! /ud5t is ask$ to take a view f ! height to :i* he has already atta9$1 & cat* a glimpse "h & !re ( ! _w1 ( hi/ory1 & ( ! mean+ ( human life4 ,! full] significance ( :at appe>s 9 ! fair field ( le>n+ w come ) matur] ye>s4 ,x is n en\gh = ! /ud5t to enjoy selfi%ly 8 k & p[]2 he %\ld be a m$iator betwe5 8 capabilities & 8 opportunities4 ,x is "o ?+ to h p[]1 ano!r to use x4 ,! mighty eng9e may h )9 x ! pot5cy ( great "w1 b x may /& idle =ev] unless ! prop] means are employ$ to utilize x4 ,let ! /ud5t conv]t 8 p[] into active en]gy1 & /udy ! be/ ways ( mak+ x tell = ! highe/ usefulness4 ,education b prep>es to ent] ! great s*ool ( life1 & t s*ool %\ld be a means ( cont9u\s developm5t t[>ds great] p[] & high] "*1 & k & usefulness4 ,progress is ! condition ( life2 to /& /ill is to decay4 ,"o ) a progressive _s ga9s a little day by day & ye> by ye>1 & 9 ! sum ( ye>s !re w be a l>ge aggregate4 ,employ well ! diff]5tials ( "t1 !n integrate1 & :at is ! result8 ,an old & honor$ college in/ructor 0 accu/om$ to say1 8,education is valuable1 b good "* is indisp5sable10 & ! =ce ( ?is tru? gr[s ^u me ) e ye> ( exp]i5ce4 ,i well rememb] a s]mon by ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*] ^u ! !me 8,upbuild+10 9 :i* he sp5t two h\rs 9 an e>ne/ & eloqu5t appeal1 especially to ! "y1 to ?ru/ d[n ! l[] nature & cultivate ! nobl] in/9cts1 & ?us evolve to high] planes4 ,happy is he :o c keep ! buoyancy & fre%ness & hope ( e>ly ye>s4 ,! 8vision spl5did10 :i* appe>s to ! eye ( y\?1 too (t5 may 8fade into ! light ( common day40 ,too (t5 ,wordswor?'s l9es become a prophecy1 b let !m be a w>n+3 8,full soon ?y s\l %all h h] e>?ly freight1 ,& cu/om lie ^u !e ) a weight1 ,heavy z fro/1 & deep almo/ z life40 ,age %\ld be ! "t ( ri* fruition4 ,n long s9ce ! ,rev4 ,william ,r4 ,alg]1 on 8 visit to ,d5v]1 aft] an abs5ce ( a doz5 ye>s1 address$ a congregation ( 8 old fri5ds1 & among o!r ?+s he spoke ( 8 impressions :5 he fir/ approa*$ ^! gr& m\nta9s4 ,x 0 at set ( sun1 &1 z he look$ away ov] ! pla9s1 he beheld on an elevation a ?\s& cattle1 & 9 ! glory ( ! dep>t+ day !y seem$ to him l 8gold5 cattle pa/ur+ 9 ! azure & fe$+ on ! blue40 ,^u 8 la/ visit he aga9 approa*$ ^! sc5es at ! close ( day1 & 8 impressions 7 z vivid z 9 e>li] ye>s2 8 enjoym5t 9 life 0 deep]1 8 fai? 0 /rong]1 & 8 hope bright]4 ,!re is no ne$ to gr[ old 9 _s2 x is only ! dead s\l t :olly loses ! hope & ! joy ( y\?4 ,!re are ?ree gr& categories1 n always und]/ood by ^? :o c>elessly "n !m--! ,true1 ! ,beautiful1 & ! ,good4 ,may ! ?\ghts & de$s :i* give "* to life be su* z to fall )9 ?is tr9ity ( p]fect ideals4 ,,plato',s ,,philosophy ,,( ,,education ,,& ,,life4 ,x is ! calm judgm5t ( hi/ory t1 9 arti/ic1 lit]>y1 & philosophical developm5t1 ! _w %[s1 relatively1 no?+ comp>able to ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,greece4 ,attica 0 ! ,%akespe>e ( ! ,anci5t ,_w4 ,z ! ,b>d ( ,avon ga!r$ ! mat]ial ( leg5d1 romance1 & hi/ory1 & cr[n$ ! intellectual activity ( ! ,elizabe?an ,age ) results ( endur+ value1 s ! lead+ city ( ,greece c5tr$ 9 h]self _m influ5ces ( ! ,ori5t1 &1 9 a p]iod ( great intellectual awak5+ "u favorable conditions1 became ! g5ius t produc$ results ( surpass+ p[] & beauty4 ,! ,greeks creat$ :5 ,european civilization 0 "y1 & z yet !re 0 little ( ! ideal t1 9 ! ,attic ,p]iod1 blossom$ into ! conceptions ( ! ,true1 ! ,beautiful1 & ! ,good4 ,9 any o!r p]iod nev] has s great a ma/] z ,socrates f\nd s great a pupil z ,plato2 nev] has s great a ma/] z ,plato enc\nt]$ s great a pupil z ,ari/otle4 ,ea* pupil grasp$ & enl>g$ ^u ! mighty "w ( 8 in/ructor4 ,! _w /ill wond]s h[ any age c\ld become s sudd5ly & highly creative4 ,l ! c5tury plant1 ! ,greek race seem$ to h be5 accumulat+1 ?r\gh a long p]iod1 p[] = a quick & />tl+ developm5t4 ,! ?\ghtful hi/orian enum]ates _m favor+ conditions4 ,! ,greeks z a race 7 active1 eag] = k1 & _h a capacity = heal?y ideal conceptions4 ,! b5efic5t climate br\ght !m 9 contact ) nature1 & ! peculi> *>m ( _! sky1 air1 m\nta9s1 & sea fill$ !m ) a s5se ( wond] & a s5se ( beauty4 ,we may also m5tion ! /imulus ( _! int]c\rse ) _! own colonies & ) o!r peoples2 _! religion1 :i* conta9$ ! g]ms ( e?ical & philosophical ?\ght1 & 0 favorable to fre$om ( view2 ! respect = law t s\ght = ! rules ( ! /ate & = individual conduct a f\ndation 9 p]man5t pr9ciples4 ,socrates is a m favorite !me ?an ,plato1 p>tly because he is ! fir/ ( ! ?ree h]oic figures t m>k ! beg9n+ ( philosophy4 ,!n 8 "n is surr\nd$ ) a halo t 0 con/itut$ by ! ev5ts ( ,a!ns' greate/ p]iod ( fame4 ,he liv$ j aft] ! glory ( victory ov] ! ,p]sian invad]s _h /imulat$ ! ,greek pride & e activity t is born ( pride & hope4 ,he liv$ 9 ! p]iod ( ,a!nian supremacy & 0 contempor>y ) ,phidias1 ,sophocles1 ,euripides1 ,ari/ophanes1 ,h]odotus1 ,?ucydides1 & ,p]icles4 ,plato1 on ! contr>y1 beheld ! beg9n+ ( ! mis=tunes ( ,attica & ( ! decay ( ,greece4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( ! ,peloponnesian ,w>s1 ( ! ,sp>tan & ! ,!ban ,supremacy4 ,x 0 ! "t ( ! ,?irty ,tyrants & ( ! re/or$ ,democracy4 ,b :ile ! "t ( ,plato 0 n t ( ! greate/ national glory1 x p]mitt$ ! free developm5t ( philosophical ?\ght :i* lat] culm9at$ 9 ,ari/otle4 ,socrates1 ) e>ne/ness ( s\l1 ) contempt = ! extreme democratic _s ( 8 "t & ! gr[+ disreg>d ( div9e & human law1 ) contempt = ! ,sophi/s1 ^: tea*+s 7 no high] ?an prud5tial prep>ation = practical life & cultivation ( ! morals & mann]s ( a ,"l ,*e/]field1 devot$ himself to expos+ ! ignorance & false reason+ ( ! day & to ! se>* = tru?1 sett+ up = 8 ideal ! ,supreme ,good :i* includ$ ! ,true & ! ,beautiful4 ,he1 h[ev]1 0 practical 9 t he taught t all good 0 good = some?+2 :atev] 0 ideal 0 to be appli$ 9 real life1 & he 0 a notable example ( closely foll[+ ideals ) practical action4 8,"k ?yself0 0 8 maxim1 &1 9 kn[+ ?yself1 "k ! good & foll[ x4 ,socrates is ! practical man1 ,plato ! ideali/ & lit]>y man1 ,ari/otle ! sci5tific man4 ,socrates left u no writ+s1 &1 :ile ,plato 9 8 works uses ,socrates z 8 *ief int]locutor1 ! dialogues are to be reg>d$ z express+ ,socrates' philosophy z *ang$ & enl>g$ by ! views ( ,plato4 ,x5ophon's 8,memorabilia0 is ! s\rce ( m ne>ly accurate views ( ! life & tea*+s ( ,socrates4 ,plato uses ,socrates' me?od ( induction & exact def9ition to rea* ! tru? aim$ at4 ,_m ( ! sc5es are l plays1 "s ( :i* w\ld take on a /age sett+1 ) *>act]s t are v mu* alive & v human4 ,al?\gh 9 pursuit ( ! mo/ s]i\s subjects1 a dramatic tone runs ?r\gh ! discussions4 ,9 ! fir/ book ( ! 8,republic10 ,?rasyma*us 9 argum5t gets angry1 gr[s r$ 9 ! face1 & fairly ro>s 8 views at ,socrates1 :o pret5ds to be panic-/rick5 at 8 looks4 ,lat] ,?rasyma*us asks1 8,i want to "k1 ,socrates1 :e!r y h a nurse40 ,to ,socrates' look ( a/oni%$ inquiry he m ?an intimates t ! philosoph] is too *ildi% to g ab\t unatt5d$4 ,_m ( ! dialogues are 9 "p hi/orical facts4 ,! *>act]s are ! neighbors & fri5ds or intellectual antagoni/s ( ! philosoph]4 ,! doctr9es he combats are doctr9es ( ! day1 ! sc5es are real & 9 or ab\t ,a!ns4 ,! tyranny he hates & ! extreme democracy he satirizes are =ms ( gov]nm5t ^: evils he has obs]v$1 & f :i* he has suff]$4 ,y read ! dialogues1 foll[ _! ?\ght1 get into _! _s1 & y are br\ght 9 t\* ) ! great1 ?robb+ life ( ! ,a!nian commonweal?4 ,a few dialogues1 c>efully read1 are wor? a hundr$ volumes ( ! comm5tators4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is relat$ t at a c]ta9 "t ,socrates dream$ he saw a "y swan p]*$ on 8 knee4 ,soon x ga9$ /r5g? ( w+ & flew away1 s++ a sweet song4 ,! next day ,plato appe>$ & became ! intimate pupil ( ,socrates4 ,?is is "o ( _m my?s1 lat] inv5t$ to enl>ge ! halo ( a great "n4 ,x 0 said t ,plato 0 ! son ( ,apollo & t ! bees ( ,hymettus f$ him ) honey1 giv+ him ! p[] ( sweet spee*4 ,my?s aside1 ! *ance t made ,plato ! intimate fri5d & disciple ( ,socrates became ( va/ significance to ! future hi/ory ( philosophy4 ,plato 0 ( ari/ocratic p>5tage2 he %[$ 9 8 y\? a poetic temp]am5t1 :i* 0 lat] display$ 9 ! dramatic art ( 8 writ+s4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,socrates 9 #cii ,b4 ,c41 he travell$ & resid$ at v>i\s c\rts4 ,at ! age ( =ty he return$ to ,a!ns & op5$ 8 s*ool 9 ! ,gymnasium ( ! ,academy1 :]e ) "o or two int]vals he taught = a p]iod ( =ty ye>s4 ,ari/otle 0 = tw5ty ye>s 8 pupil1 & !re are _m int]e/+ acc\nts ( ! relation betwe5 pupil & ma/]4 ,plato _h 9 him some:at ( ! ,puritan1 :ile ,ari/otle 0 m a man ( ! _w1 & we may suppose t he (t5 ma9ta9$ 8 op9ions ) 8 cu/om>y s>ca/ic smile4 ,he (f5d$ ! m au/]e ta/es ( 8 ma/] by nicety ( dress1 c>e ( 8 %oes1 display ( f+] r+s1 & a dudi% cut ( 8 hair4 ,contempor>ies speak ( ,plato ) admiration = 8 intellect & rev]5ce = ! beauty ( 8 "*1 :i* 0 8elevat$ 9 ,olympian *e]fulness above ! _w ( *ange & decay40 ,9 our purpose to t\* ^u "s po9ts ( ,plato's doctr9es1 we are treat+ ( a transc5d5t g5ius ^: "w has pr(\ndly affect$ ! ?\ght ( ! _w4 ,platonism reappe>s z ,neo-,platonism 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies ( our era2 is l>gely adopt$ 9 its new =m a c5tury lat] by ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! great exp\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity & tea*] ( ! ,middle ,ages2 arises aga9 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury proclaim+ t moral law is writt5 9 fix$ *>act]s 9 e rational m9d2 culm9ates 9 ! gr& idealism ( ,s*ell+ & ,hegel2 is transmitt$ to-day 9 ! magnific5t ideali/ic e?ics ( su* m5 z ,caird1 ,gre51 & ,bradley2 gives ! c>d9al virtues to ,*ri/ianity2 furni%es a broad & inspir+ e?ical code = ! pres5t2 speaks ) an inspiration t l>gely meets ! approval ( ! ,*ri/ian _w2 inspir$ ! ,utopia & ! ,new ,atlantis & all ideal s*emes ( gov]nm5t & society2 01 foll[+ ,socrates1 ! fa!r ( ! inductive me?od2 became ! />t+ po9t = ! sci5tific /udy ( nature & psy*ology 9 ! elev5? c5tury2 0 a l>ge elem5t 9 ! humani/ic movem5t1 :i* at ! close ( ! middle ages creat$ mod]n natural sci5ce2 creat$ conceptions :i*1 develop+ d[n ?r\gh ! c5turies 9 two div]g+ l9es1 indirectly f\nd highe/ expression 9 ! idealism ( ,hegel & ! evolution ( ,sp5c]1 & is likely to furni% 9 broad outl9es1 especially z pres5t$ by ,ari/otle1 gr\nd = ! reconciliation ( ! opposite poles ( philosophy 9 a spiritual evolution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at 0 ,plato's c5tral idea8 ,x 0 ! exi/5ce ( fix$ pr9ciples 9 ! univ]se1 pr9ciples realiz$ 9 ! consci\sness ( man1 ?r\gh pursuit ( k4 ,socrates aim$ at a p]man5t gr\nd = e?ical wisdom 9 a "t :5 ! old f\ndations ( conduct & ( div9e & human law 7 %ak54 ,he 0 ! prog5itor ( ! inductive me?od1 9 t he s\ght 9 num]\s in/ances & op9ions ! ess5tial common gr\nd or pr9ciple1 & aim$ at exact def9ition4 ,! class concept1 g5]al notion1 univ]sal tru?1 0 ! object ( 8 se>*4 ,& we f9d him1 = in/ance1 9 ,plato1 trac+ ?r\gh ! t5 books ( ! 8,republic0 ! ess5tial "* ( ju/ice4 ,plato1 foll[+ ,socrates1 s\ght a f\ndation = e?ical conceptions 9 a metaphysical !ory1 ! ,doctr9e ( ,ideas1 a magnific5t illu/ration ( ! tru? t speculative philosophy gr[s out ( man's e>ne/ desire to "k :y he is "h1 & :at is ! mean+ ( 8 moral nature4 ,x w help mu* any view 9 ! field ( philosophy to keep upp]mo/ ! ?\ght ( di/9ct classes1 types1 or k9ds ( ?+s 9 nature2 ! ?\ght ( ! correspond+ class concepts1 g5]al notions or univ]sals 9 ! human m9d2 & ! ?\ght ( orig9al ideas 9 ! m9d ( ,god1 z con/itut+ pr9ciples or laws or modes ( action 9 nature4 ,?is is n a _w ( *aotic *ance1 x is a _w ( rational & progressive ord]1 & we are compell$ to seek = ! ar*itecture an ar*itect & a plan embody+ rational ideas4 ,plato's ideas are et]nal entities exi/+ nei!r 9 nature nor 9 ! m9d ( ,god1 b nev]!less ! ar*etypes1 =ms1 or patt]ns aft] :i* e k9d ( ?+s to :i* may be appli$ a common "n 0 fa%ion$4 ,plato "h held 9 an imp]fect way ! mighty tru? ( all philosophy1 & ! 8,ideas0 h reappe>$ 9 _m guises1--z ! =ms or ess5ces ( ,ari/otle1 exi/+ only z realiz$ 9 nature1 z ideas 9 ! m9d ( ,god1 z ! self-evolv+ categories ( ,hegel1 z ! p]fect+ pr9ciple & ! fa%ion+ laws 9 ! doctr9e ( evolution4 ,man 9 8 prexi/5t /ate dwelt 9 ! region ( immat]ial ideas & gaz$ on ! fulness ( _! tru?4 ,at 8 human bir? he 0 made oblivi\s ( 8 pa/ exi/5ce1 & gr[? 9 wisdom 0 a gradual realization 9 ! consci\sness ( ! et]nal v]ities =m]ly kn[n4 ,z 9 ,wordswor?1 man's bir? 0 b a 8sleep & a =gett+20 gr[? 9 k 0 a rememb]+4 8,trail+ cl\ds ( glory d we come f ,god1 :o is our home40 ,! tru? 9 ?is metaphor ( philosophy1 we may believe1 is t man is ( div9e orig91 & h5ce may "k ! div9e revelations 9 8 own be+ & 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,"h 0 =e%ad[$ 9 r\gh outl9es ! spiritual idealism :i* 9 its fre% =m appe>s to be ga9+ new gr\nd to-day4 ,god writes ! book ( nature2 man is ! son ( ,god & reads & vaguely und]/&s ! mean+ ( ! mighty volume4 ,s5sations are n k1 b ! signs ( k1 z words are ! signs ( ?\ght1 & ! m9d is innately active & rational1 else !re c\ld be no int]pretation ( ^? signs4 ,?is appe>s to be ! true explanation ( ! fact t we are educat$ by contact ) nature4 ,)\t ! signs1 no communication ( k2 )\t ! native p[] ( ! read]1 no reception ( k4 ,plato held t ! ideas 7 manife/ 9 nature & 7 also innate 9 ! m9d2 h5ce by self-exam9ation & comp>ison ) ! copies ( ! ideas 9 nature1 man arriv$ at ess5tial tru? :i* 0 ! "w ( philosophy4 ,plato id5tifi$ ! ,idea ( ,ideas ) ,cause1 ,m9d1 ! ,good or ,god4 ,god 0 a p]sonality & supreme above ! gods4 ,he 0 nam$ by 8 *ief attribute1 ! ,good1 & ( ?is ! ,true & ! ,beautiful 7 qualities4 ,c\s9 says1 8,! ,true1 ! ,beautiful1 & ! ,good are only revelations ( ! same ,be+2 t :i* reveals !m to u is reason40 8,if all p]fection belongs to ! p]fect be+1 ,god w possess beauty 9 its pl5itude4 ,! fa!r ( ! _w1 ( its laws1 ( its ravi%+ h>monies1 ! au?or ( =ms1 colors1 & s\nds1 he is ! pr9ciple ( beauty 9 nature4 ,x is he :om we adore )\t kn[+ x1 "u ! "n ( ! ideal1 :5 our imag9ation1 borne on f beauties to beauties1 calls = a f9al beauty 9 :i* x may f9d repose40 ,?is passage is ?or\ghly ,platonic 9 _s & ?r[s mu* light on ! mean+ ( ^! absolute ideas ( ,plato4 ,) *ange ( t]ms ! same passage w\ld apply to ,tru? & ,goodness4 ,we trace !m z !y appe> 9 ! consci\s reason & disposition1 z !y are manife/$ 9 ! relations ( society or are sugge/$ by ! reality & b5efic5ce ( ! _w1 & we are l$ to ! conception ( ! p]fect ideals ^: tru? exi/s 9 ,god4 ,plato has f\r pr9ciples ^: int]relation & process ( ! active elem5ts det]m9e ! _w1 z ! laws ( mod]n evolution are conceiv$ to "w out ! results discov]$ by sci5ce3 7#a7 unlimit$1 un=m$1 or *aotic nature2 7#b7 law1 impos+ limits & =ms ^u nature2 7#c7 ! result+1 def9ite types & ideas ( a rational _w2 7#d7 ! ,cause :i* effects ^! results4 ,! ,good is t :i* imp>ts tru? to ! object & k to ! p]ceiv+ subject1 & is ! cause ( sci5ce & tru?2 h5ce1 to "k ! ,good is ! e?ical aim1 = to "k ! ,good is to act 9 h>mony ) x1 & k is virtue4 ,plato 0 fully aw>e t ! philosoph]1 !n z to-day1 0 reg>d$ by ! _m z a useless />-gaz]1 & 9 ! celebrat$ ,allegory ( ! ,cave he %[s ! relation ( true insight to ! common view ( life & ! _w4 ,he imag9es dwell]s 9 a cave s plac$ t !y see only ! %ad[s ( pass+ objects & he> only ! e*oes ( s\nds f ! out] _w4 ,if releas$ & br\ght to ! full light ( ! sun !y are dazzl$ & pa9$1 & ?9k !y are 9 a _w ( false appe>ance1 & believe ! realities are ! famili> %ad[s 9 ! cave4 ,aft] a :ile !y become accu/om$ to ! day & ! real objects1 & see _! tru? & beauty4 ,& if !y return to ! cave1 !y are half bl9d & appe> ridicul\s to ! dwell]s !re4 ,he concludes1 8,:e!r ,i am "r or n1 ,god only kn[s2 b1 :e!r true or false1 my op9ion is t 9 ! _w ( k ! idea ( good appe>s la/ ( all1 & is se5 only ) an ef=t2 &1 :5 se51 is also inf]r$ to be ! univ]sal au?or ( all ?+s beautiful & "r1 p>5t ( light & "l ( light 9 ?is _w1 & ! s\rce ( tru? & reason 9 ! o!r3 ?is is ! fir/ great cause :i* he1 :o w\ld act rationally ei!r 9 public or private life1 mu/ behold40 ,to ! ,sophi/1 :o foll[s ! op9ion ( ! _m in/ead ( reg>d+ fix$ pr9ciples ( tru?1 he pays 8 respects ) ! se>*+ satire ( a ,c>lyle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,8 !ology1 :i* is a "p ( 8 philosophy1 has _m /rik+ features t h comm&$ ! a/oni%m5t ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 8,god ! ,creator *anges n2 ,he deceives n40 ,x is wrong to d good to fri5ds & injure enemies1 = ! injury ( ano!r c be 9 no case j4 ,if y h a qu>rel ) any "o1 become reconcil$ be=e y sleep4 ,9 heav5 is ! patt]n ( ! p]fect city4 ,all ?+s w "w toge!r = good to ! j4 ,he advocates ! sev]e/ ab/ract piety t1 z 9 ! conduct ( ! /]ne/ ,roman or ! sev]e/ ,puritan1 sw]ves n f duty4 ,! my? ( ,er1 ! ,arm5ian1 rem9ds u 9 _m po9ts ( ! judgm5t day2 & 8 exhortation to pursue ! heav5ly way t x may be well ) u "h & h]eaft]1 may be our salvation if we are ob$i5t1 is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ 9 ! hi/ory ( religi\s belief4 ,9 ! fif? book ( ! 8,laws0 is an exhortation to "r liv+ t p>takes ( ! _s ( ! ,*ri/ian philosophy4 ,e man is to honor 8 own s\l ) an honor t reg>ds div9e good1 to value pr9ciple high] ?an life1 to place virtue above all gold1 to glory 9 foll[+ ! bett] c\rse1 to c\nt rev]5ce 9 *ildr5 a great] h]itage ?an ri*es1 to reg>d a contract z a holy ?+1 to avoid excess ( self-love & to adh]e to ! tru? z ! beg9n+ ( e good4 ,we ne$ no fur!r illu/ration ( ! fact t ,platonism 0 naturally welcom$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! e?ical ideals ( ,plato are ! mo/ valuable phase ( 8 writ+s4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,book ( ! 8,republic10 ,?rasyma*us1 9 a dialogue ) ,socrates1 def9es ju/ice to be ,sublime ,simplicity1 & argues t ! unju/ are discreet & wise1 z "s may argue to-day t %rewd di%one/y is comm5dable4 ,! e?ics ( ,plato is ! opposite pole ( ?is philosophy1 & z su* /&s = ! rational & moral ord] ( ! _w4 ,8 sy/em is n h$oni/ic1 b ideal4 ,x aims at a good1 b ! good is atta9$ by a life ( virtue4 ,9 a fam\s passage ( ! 8,republic10 ! transc5d5tly j man is describ$4 ,he is to be clo!d 9 ju/ice only4 ,be+ ! be/ ( m51 he is to be e/eem$ ! wor/1 & s cont9ue to ! h\r ( 8 dea?4 ,he is to be b\nd1 sc\rg$1 & suff] e k9d ( evil1 & ev5 be crucifi$2 /ill he is to be j = righte\sness' sake4 ,no wond] "s ,*ri/ian fa!rs believ$ ?is ref]r$ to ,him :o 0 to come1 z describ$ 9 ! celebrat$ *apt] ( ,isaiah4 ,! be/ man is also ! happie/1 :e!r se5 or unse5 by gods & m54 ,9 ! 8,crito0 ,socrates w n escape f prison if x is n "r1 ?\gh he suff] dea? or any o!r calamity4 8,virtue is ! heal? & beauty & well-be+ ( ! s\l1 & vice is ! disease & weakness & de=mity ( ! s\l40 ,he is a fool :o laughs at aught b folly & vice4 ,! possession ( ! :ole _w is ( no value )\t ! good4 ,no pleasure except t ( ! wise is q true & pure4 8,is n ! noble t :i* subjects ! bea/ to ! man1 or r to ! god 9 man80 8,h[ w\ld a man pr(it if he receiv$ gold & silv] on ! condition t he 0 to enslave ! noble/ "p ( him to ! wor/80 8,! ,holy is lov$ ( ,god because x is ,holy40 ,n pleasure1 b wisdom & k & "r op9ions & true reason+s are bett]1 bo? n[ & =ev]4 ,! good rul] consid]s n 8 own int]e/1 b t ( ! /ate4 ,! gov]n+ class are to be told t gold & silv] !y h f ,god2 ! div9e metal is 9 !m4 ,any "o :o f9ds 9 ^! views a doctr9e ( pleasure mu/ seek ) a prejudic$ eye4 ,plato1 z usual1 anticipates lat] e?ical discussions1 & po9ts to ! fact t !re is a quality 9 pleasure2 & quality 9 conduct is ! v cont5tion ( absolute morali/s4 ,he speaks ( ! s\l ^: dye ( good quality is wa%$ out by pleasure4 ,! atta9m5t ( g5u9e well-be+1 ! developm5t ( div9e qualities )9 m51 0 ! aim1 & ! consci\sness ( ?is priceless possession ( rational manhood 0 ! incid5tal rew>d4 ,8 doctr9e places be=e m5 ab/ract ideals ( ,tru?1 ,beauty1 & ,goodness1 :i* invite ! bett] nature by _! supreme excell5ce4 ,plato enum]ates f\r virtues3 ,wisdom1 ,c\rage1 ,temp]ance1 ,ju/ice4 ,pr(essor ,gre5 int]prets !m 9 mod]n =m1 & ma9ta9s _! fix$ /&>d ( excell5ce & univ]sal application4 ,any mod]n analysis ( ! pr9ciples ( conduct :i* contribute to heal? ( s\l & are favorable to success 9 life1 w\ld confirm ! enum]ation ( ! ,greek virtues4 ,pr(essor ,gre5 says3 ,! ,good ,w is ! w 7#a7 to "k :at is true & to make :at is beautiful2 7#b7 to endure pa9 & fe>2 7#c7 to resi/ ! allurem5ts ( pleasure2 7#d7 to take = "o's self & to give to o!rs1 n :at "o is incl9$ to1 b :at is due4 ,n only does he enjo9 ! _s ( ju/ice1 b ! cultivation ( moral c\rage1 &1 z contra/$ ) lazy ignorance1 ! gr[? 9 wisdom :i* is realization ( virtue4 ,wisdom play$ a peculi> & important "p 9 ! ,greek e?ics4 ,vice 0 ignorance1 because ! wise man c\ld b live accord+ to 8 be/ k4 ,& ! ,greeks1 prop]ly int]pret$1 7 "r4 ,did we see virtue 9 all its tru? & beauty1 & vice 9 all its de=mity1 we c\ld b *oose ! be/4 ,gr[? 9 wisdom 0 a gradual realization 9 ! s\l ( ! heav5ly ideas t 7 ! true h]itage ( man1 & 9 ?is developm5t ! s\l 0 gradually p]fect$4 ,?is beautiful & satisfy+ philosophy reappe>s to-day 9 "s ( ! mo/ ennobl+ sy/ems ( e?ics ! _w has produc$4 ,x makes individual & race progress an increase 9 consci\sness ( ! k ( tru? & virtue1 a revelation ( ! div9e )9 u4 ,! ,jewi% & ! ,*ri/ian conception ( div9e law z b9d+ man to ! p]=mance ( 8 moral obligations 0 n /rongly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,greek m9d4 ,b responsibility1 )\t :i* conduct c h no e?ical significance1 0 by no means =eign to ,plato's sy/em4 ,9 ! my? ( ,er ! s\l has its *oice ( ! lot ( life1 & its condition at ! end ( ! e>?ly c>e] is a requital = ! de$s done 9 ! body4 ,?r\gh\t ,plato's writ+s ! implications ( p]sonal m]it or guilt are prom95t4 ,x is a doctr9e ( virtue r ?an ( duty4 ,he :o sees ! "r & does n d x is a fool1 b t is 8 matt]4 ,he is n b\nd by any moral law to be wise4 ,if he is virtu\s x is well2 if n1 s mu* ! worse = him4 ,love ( ,god is ! ess5tial ( ! ,*ri/ian e?ics2 k ( ! ,good1 ( ! ,greek4 ,to pursue ! ,good 0 virtue1 & virtue he sets =? 9 _w-wide contra/ ) vice4 ,plato's conception ( ju/ice1 or "r1 0 s exalt$ t "s h ?\ght he atta9$ 9 lat] ye>s an insight into ! nature ( consci5ce1 or ! ,moral ,faculty4 ,! ,greek idea ( beauty mu/ be t\*$ 9 pass+4 ,! wise life 0 a beautiful life4 ,! ,beautiful 0 an attribute ( ! ,deity4 ,!y _h ! love ( ,beauty :i* ,goe! possess$ :5 he _h become fasc9at$ ) ! /udy ( ,greek art1 & exclaim$1 8,! ,beautiful is great] ?an ! ,good1 = x includes ! ,good1 & adds some?+ to x40 ,plato calls ! ,beautiful ! spl5dor ( ! ,true4 ,! y\? %\ld le>n to love beautiful =ms1 fir/ a s+le =m1 !n all beautiful =ms & beauty :]ev] f\nd2 !n he w turn to beauty ( m9d1 ( in/itutions & laws1 & sci5ces1 & he w gradually draw t[>d ! great sea ( beauty1 & create & contemplate _m fair ?\ghts1 & he w become consci\s ( absolute beauty1 & come ne> to ,god1 :o is transc5d5t beauty & goodness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,plato's philosophy makes education a process ( develop+ ! p[] & k lat5t 9 ! m9d1 r ?an a process ( tea*+4 ,! ,socratic me?od ( draw+ out is "o ( "t-honor$ use among p$agogues4 ,plato def9es a good education z 8,t :i* gives to ! body & to ! s\l all ! beauty & all ! p]fection ( :i* !y are capable40 ,! ideal aim is ! h>moni\s or symmetrical developm5t ( ! physical1 m5tal1 & moral p[]s4 ,physical tra9+ is = ! heal? ( ! s\l1 z well z = ! /r5g? & grace ( ! body4 ,! tra9+ ( ! reason is ( fir/ importance4 ,! /hetic emotions are to be cultivat$ z a means ( moral & religi\s education4 ,memory is little emphasiz$4 ,! artisans & labor]s 7 simply to le>n a trade2 ! w>rior class 7 to be tra9$ 9 gymna/ics & music4 ,! complete education ( ! highe/ class1 or ! magi/rates1 0 to include music & lit]ature1 gymna/ics1 ari?metic1 geometry & a/ronomy1 & f9ally philosophy4 ,all ?is 0 to be supplem5t$ by practical acqua9tance ) ! details ( civil & milit>y functions4 ,education is ! f\ndation ( ! /ate1 & 9 ! 8,laws0 he w\ld make x compulsory4 ,! wom5 are to receive ! same tra9+ z ! m54 ,*ildr5 are to be taught to honor _! p>5ts & respect _! eld]s4 ,! direction 9 :i* education />ts a man w det]m9e 8 future life4 ,9 e>ly *ildhood education is to be made attractive1 al?\gh to unduly honor ! lik+s ( *ildr5 is to spoil !m4 ,! tales :i* *ildr5 are p]mitt$ to he> mu/ be models ( virtu\s ?\ght4 ,h>mful tales conc]n+ ! gods & h]oes are prohibit$1 b noble traits & de$s ( endurance are to be emphasiz$4 ,y\? %\ld imitate no bas5ess1 b :at is temp]ate1 holy1 free1 & c\rage\s2 = 8imitations1 beg9n+ 9 e>ly y\?1 at la/ s9k into ! con/itution & become a second nature40 ,*ildr5 mu/ n be fright5$ ) gho/ /ories & ref]5ce to ! inf]nal _w4 ,excessive a?letics makes m5 /upid & subject to disease4 ,! k9ds ( music employ$ 9 education mu/ inspire c\rage1 rev]5ce1 fre$om1 & temp]ance4 ,art %\ld pres5t true beauty & grace1 to draw ! s\l ( *ildhood into h>mony ) ! beauty ( reason4 8,rhy?m & h>mony f9d _! way into ! secret places ( ! s\l1 mak+ ! s\l graceful ( him :o is rightly educat$40 ,good language & music & grace & rhy?m dep5d on simplicity4 ,ari?metic cultivates quickness1 & tea*es ab/ract numb] & necess>y tru?4 ,geometry deals ) axiomatic k & w draw ! s\l t[>d tru?4 ,a/ronomy compels ! m9d to look upw>d4 ,x is to be /udi$ n s mu* = practical use1 z 9 navigation1 b because ! m9d is purifi$ & illum9$ !reby4 ,9 ?is connection ,plato ma9ta9s 8 position aga9/ ^? :o c>p at ! s-call$ useless /udies4 ,plato's ideal /ate (f5ds ! ?\ght ( cons]vative m5 m ?an all else 9 8 writ+s1 b x 0 conceiv$ 9 view ( ! highe/ ideas ( virtue & ju/ice4 ,x 0 simply bad psy*ology4 ,he enum]ates & describes five k9ds ( /ates & ! correspond+ five types ( individual "*4 ,inde$ he /udies ju/ice fir/ 9 ! ideal /ate1 & !n 9 ! individual4 ,! ?ree impulses ( ! s\l are comp>$ ) ! ?ree classes ( citiz5s 9 ! /ate1 & to ea* he ascribes its excell5ce1 ?us =m+ 8 li/ ( virtues4 ,b we _c dwell ^u ?is phase ( ,plato's tea*+s4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 ref] to 8 c>icature ( extreme democracy2 x has a useful mod]n application4 ,9 ?is /ate ! fa!r desc5ds to 8 son & fe>s him1 & ! son is on a level ) 8 fa!r & does n fe> him4 ,! ali5 is equal to ! citiz51 & ! slave to ! ma/]4 ,! ma/] fe>s & flatt]s 8 s*ol>s1 & ! s*ol>s despise _! ma/]s4 ,! "y man is on a level ) ! old1 & old m51 = fe> ( seem+ morose & au?oritative1 condesc5d to ! "y & are full ( pleasantry & gayety4 ,ev5 ! animals 9 ! democracy %[ ! _s ( equality1 & ! horses & asses m>* along ! /reets ) all ! rights & dignities ( freem51 & w run at y if y d n get out ( _! way1 & ev]y?+ is j ready to bur/ ) lib]ty4 ,! citiz5s become s5sitive & *afe at au?ority1 & cease to c>e = ! laws4 ,surely ! /atesman c turn to ,plato = wisdom1 = out ( ?is condition gr[s tyranny4 ,&1 correspond+ly1 ! democratical "y man1 a k9d ( f9 de sicle type1 is describ$4 ,insol5ce he t]ms bre$+1 & an>*y lib]ty1 & wa/e magnific5ce1 & impud5ce c\rage4 ,no wond] ,plato saw t 8 ideal /ate w\ld n be realiz$ until k+s became philosoph]s1 t is to say--nev]4 ,mod]n dream]s might pr(it by 8 wise pr$ictions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,plato's doctr9e is "o ( ideas & idealism z contra/$ ) s5sations & s5sationalism4 ,x is spiritualism z contra/$ ) mat]ialism4 ,! high] produces ! l[]1 in/ead ( ! l[] ! high]4 ,x is ! doctr9e t recognizes ! rational ord] ( ! _w1 ! transc5d5t nature ( consci\s man1 & 8 e?ical aim4 ,x places ideals be=e man1 9 ! atta9+ ( :i* he comes to realization ( 8 true be+4 ,x is a doctr9e ( rational explanation ( man's exi/5ce4 ,z su* x has always /rongly invit$ ! adh]5ce ( philosoph]s & ,*ri/ians4 ,! f\nd]s ( ! *ur* reg>d$ ,plato z directly inspir$ or z hav+ d]iv$ inspiration f ! ,hebrew scriptures4 ,! doctr9e ( ,univ]sals may be tak5 ) all[ance1 b we may believe t x repres5ts ! "r side ( philosophical ?\ght4 ,x matt]s n mu* :e!r we hold to ! view ( ,plato's ideas or native tru?s ( ! m9d develop$ by exp]i5ce or ! creative activity ( ! m9d 9 kn[+ ! out] _w or ! doctr9e ( p>ticipation 9 ! div9e nature & div9e ?\ght or ! p[] to g5]alize f ! facts ( subjective & objective nature1 a p[] above1 & n (1 mat]ial nature--all ^! views imply man's spiritual & ideal "*4 ,beh9d man & beh9d nature is ! same reality4 ,9 "s s5se 7n ! pan!i/ic1 z commonly und]/ood7 bo? are manife/ations ( t reality4 ,h5ce ! p[] ( man to "k ! _w1 because x is a rational _w1 & manife/ation answ]s to manife/ation1 ?\ght to ?\ght4 ,he :o claims t all k is f\nd$ 9 s5sation is p>tly "r2 = to "k ! out] realm is to realize ! inn] & to "k1 9 "p1 ! tru? ( ! ,univ]se4 ,subjective ideas1 9 "s =m1 mu/ be reta9$ 9 philosophy4 ,our _w1 z a _w ( evolution1 is ord]ly & has a progressive plan2 h5ce1 accord+ to all human conception1 is ! product ( ideas work$ out ?r\gh :at are call$ ! laws ( nature4 ,m5 h always ask$ :at is ! use ( philosophy1 & to-day !y repeat ! "q ) emphasis4 ,we appreciate ! /ate ( m9d t rejoices 9 consci\sness ( /&+ on ! solid e>?1 ! c\rage\s pati5ce t works out ) gu>d$ induction sci5tific tru?1 ! hone/y t w n sub/itute ha/y conjecture = fact1 & ! fai? t works t[>d results to be fully realiz$ only 9 ! di/ant future4 ,b _m sci5tific m5 are com+ to reg>d biological & psy*ological sci5ces z great laboratories = philosophy4 ,we may believe ! com+ problems w be solv$ by ! cop]ation ( philosophy & sci5ce4 ,sci5ce /udies ! objective side & philosophy ! subjective side ( ! same reality4 ,philosophy has a use z an attempt to satisfy ! imp]ative ne$ ( m5 to ask ! mean+ ( _! be+4 ,x has a use z =m+ a rational hypo!sis conc]n+ a ,fir/ ,cause1 & a ,f9al ,aim4 ,x is a gr\nd ( belief 9 ideals4 ,all speculative philosophy has be5 inspir$ m or less by ,platonism1 & has giv5 ! _w ! noble/1 mo/ hopeful1 useful1 & influ5tial sy/ems ( e?ics4 ,philosophical tra9+ gives ! p[] to view compreh5sively1 connect$ly1 & logically any gr\p ( facts4 ,x conta9s ! presuppositions ( sci5ce & ( our v exi/5ce4 ,! inve/igator 9 ! =e/ le>ns _m valuable details2 if he asc5ds ! m\nta9s1 he views ! l&scape z a :ole1 &1 z x 71 f9ds himself4 ,f9ally philosophy repres5ts ! supreme1 ! spiritual1 int]e/s ( man & aims at ess5tial tru?4 ,w x be relegat$ to ! %elves ( ar*ology8 ,! signs ( to-day appe> to answ] no4 ,9 ! :ole hi/ory ( philosophy1 ! m9d has nev] be5 able to re/ p]man5tly 9 any extreme or "o-sid$ position or 9 any position t is inadequate to expla9 ess5tial facts ( exi/5ce4 ,h5ce x _c re/ p]man5tly 9 mat]ialism4 ,a rec5t writ] speaks ( ! hi/ory ( philosophy z 8prem95tly a record ( rem>kable returns ( ! human intellect to anci5t follies & dreams1 long s9ce outgr[n & suppos$ to h be5 consign$ to oblivion40 ,well6 ,x is /range inde$ if nature has evolv$ a product ^: ne$s1 in/9cts1 & native beliefs are a lie1 a product )\t aim or rational gr\nd = exi/5ce4 ,if x is s1 !n pessimism is our philosophy & annihilation our be/ solution ( ! problem ( consci\s life4 ,mo/ m5 are too respectful believ]s 9 evolution to ascribe to nature any su* satanic irony4 ,at any rate "o likes to take an excursion 9 ?is field2 he feels b5efit$ by ! trip4 ,m5 /ill l to seek ! great f\nta9 head ( philosophy1 & take a dip 9 ! ,ca/alian spr+--a m5tal ba? ( ?is sort is a good & useful ?+4 ,!y l to sit 9 ! %ady groves ( ! ,academy & li/5 to ,plato or walk ) ,ari/otle 9 ! environs ( ! ,gymnasium4 ,! mighty m9ds ( ! pa/ h m>k$ out ! broad outl9es ( tru?2 x is our "w to fill 91 to correct4 ,! e?ical conceptions 7 furni%$ by ! anci5ts4 ,! mod]n _w has m]ely made !m ri*] 9 cont5t & broad] 9 application4 ,! deep] mean+ ( any philosophy or sci5ce is le>n$ by ! hi/oric me?od1 :i* gives u ! tr5d ( ev5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! clos+ words ( ! 8,republic0 are an appropriate end+ to ! discussion ( ,plato3 8,& ?us1 ,glaucon1 ! tale has be5 sav$ & has n p]i%$1 & may be our salvation1 if we are ob$i5t to ! spok5 ^w2 & we %all pass safely ov] ! riv] ( ,=getfulness & our s\l w n be defil$4 ,:]e=e my c\nsel is t we hold fa/ to ! heav5ly way & foll[ aft] ju/ice & virtue always1 consid]+ t ! s\l is immortal & able to endure e sort ( good & e sort ( evil4 ,?us %all we live1 de> to "o ano!r & to ! gods1 bo? :ile rema9+ "h & :51 l conqu]ors 9 ! games :o g r\nd to ga!r gifts1 we receive our rew>d4 ,& x %all be well ) u bo? 9 ?is life & 9 ! pilgrimage ( a ?\s& ye>s :i* we h be5 recit+40 8,plato1 ?\ reasone/ well6-- ,else :5ce ?is pleas+ hope1 ?is fond desire1 ,?is long+ aft] immortality8 99 99 99 99 99 ',tis ! div9ity t /irs )9 u2 ',tis heav5 itself t po9ts out an h]eaft]1 ,& intimates et]nity to man40 ,,second>y ,,education3 ,a ,,review4#a ,! mann] ( inve/igation ( ! ,committee ( ,t5 took a some:at diff]5t turn f :at 0 anticipat$ :5 ! orig9al report :i* l$ to ! und]tak+ 0 made1 b no "o n[ d\bts ! wisdom ( ! plan f9ally adopt$4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d gr\ps ( m5 9 ,am]ica bett] fitt$ ?an ! memb]s ( ! conf]5ces appo9t$ by ! ,committee to discuss ! specific subjects assign$ !m2 & _! recomm5dations z to *oice ( matt] = second>y s*ools1 ! "t elem5t1 place ( /udies 9 ! curriculum1 & ! be/ me?ods con/itute a mo/ valuable contribution to ! educational lit]ature ( ! p]iod4 ,9 ! ma91 !y repres5t ! be/ ?\ght ( practical educators4 ,we %all n ent] into a discussion ( ! details ( ^! conf]5ce reports2 ea* report &1 9 _m in/ances1 ea* section ( a report is 9 itself a l>ge !me4 ,! summ>y ( results & ! recomm5dations ( ! ,committee ( ,t5 w occupy ! "t allott$4 ,x 0 expect$ t ! report z a :ole w\ld excite mu* discussion & invite ext5sive criticism2 & if no o!r result is atta9$ ?an ! %>p5+ ( wits 9 controv]sy1 ! exi/5ce ( ! report has suffici5t w>rant4 ,x is impossible to say ( any op9ions t !y are f9al1 & ( any me?ods t !y are ! be/4 ,"s hold t ! et]nal v]ities are to be discov]$ 9 ! consci\sness ( ! few g5iuses1 & t obta9+ a cons5sus ( op9ion is n ! way to rea* wise conclusions4 ,if we are ,hegelian 9 our philosophy ( hi/ory1 we %all hold to ! law ( developm5t1 %all believe t ea* /age ( ?\ght is a necess>y "o1 t ! be/ light is obta9$ by ! hi/oric me?od1 & t ! highe/ evolution ( ?\ght is to be f\nd 9 ! belief & practice ( ! advanc$ repres5tatives ( any l9e ( inve/igation4 ,! "w ( ! conf]5ces 0 to correlate ! p>ts ( ea* subject by ! me?od ( apply+ reason to hi/ory2 x 0 ! "w ( ! committee prop] to correlate ^! results by ! same me?od4 ,:e!r ! committee 0 l>ge & v>i$ en\gh to repres5t all sides is to be decid$ by ! discussions ( ^? be/ fitt$ to =m op9ions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] a c>eful review ( ! "w ( our committee1 ,i v5ture to make a =mal li/ ( op9ions pres5t$1 mo/ ( :i*1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld be he>tily indors$1 res]v+ till lat] ! discussion ( a few ( !m3 #a4 ,t "w 9 _m second>y-s*ool /udies %\ld be begun e>li]4 #b4 ,t ea* subject %\ld be made to help e o!r1 z1 = example1 hi/ory %\ld contribute to ! /udy ( ,engli%1 & natural hi/ory %\ld be correlat$ ) language1 draw+1 lit]ature1 & geography4 #c4 ,t e subject %\ld be taught 9 ! same way1 :e!r 9 prep>ation = college or z "p ( a f9i%+ c\rse4 #d4 ,t m highly tra9$ tea*]s are ne$$1 especially = subjects t are receiv+ increas$ att5tion1 z ! v>i\s sci5ces & hi/ory4 #e4 ,t 9 all sci5tific subjects1 laboratory "w %\ld be ext5d$ & improv$4 #f4 ,t = "s /udies special in/ructors %\ld be employ$ to guide ! "w ( tea*]s 9 elem5t>y & second>y s*ools4 #g4 ,t all pupils %\ld pursue a giv5 subject 9 ! same way1 & to ! same ext5t1 z long z !y /udy x at all4 #h4 ,t e /udy %\ld be made a s]i\s subject ( in/ruction1 & %\ld cultivate ! pupil's p[]s ( obs]vation1 memory1 expression1 & reason+4 #i4 ,t ! *oice betwe5 ! classical c\rse & ! ,lat9-sci5tific c\rse %\ld be po/pon$ z long z possible1 until ! ta/e & p[] ( ! pupil h be5 te/$1 & he has be5 able to det]m9e 8 future aim4 #aj4 ,t tw5ty p]iods p] week %\ld be adopt$ z ! /&>d1 provid+ t five ( ^! p]iods be giv5 to unprep>$ "w4 #aa4 ,t p>allel programmes %\ld be id5tical 9 z _m ( _! p>ts z possible4 #ab4 ,t draw+ %\ld be l>gely employ$ 9 connection ) mo/ ( ! /udies4 #ac4 ,! omission ( indu/rial & comm]cial subjects4 ,?is is m5tion$ )\t comm5t4 #ad4 ,t m field "w %\ld be requir$ = c]ta9 sci5ces4 #ae4 ,! desirability ( uni=mity4 ,n def9itely recomm5d$ 9 ! report4 #af4 ,t ! function ( ! high s*ools %\ld be to prep>e = ! duties ( life z well z to fit = college4 #ag4 ,t colleges & sci5tific s*ools %\ld accept any "o ( ! c\rses ( /udy z prep>ation = admission4 #ah4 ,t a good c\rse 9 ,engli% %\ld be requir$ ( all pupils ent]+ college4 #ai4 ,t _m tea*]s %\ld employ v>i\s means = bett] prep>ation1 su* z summ] s*ools1 special c\rses ( in/ruction giv5 by college pr(essors1 & in/ruction ( s*ool sup]9t5d5ts1 pr9cipals ( high s*ools1 or specially equipp$ tea*]s4 #bj4 ,t ! colleges %\ld take a l>g] int]e/ 9 second>y & elem5t>y s*ools4 #ba4 ,t te*nological & pr(essional s*ools %\ld require = admission a complete second>y-s*ool education4 #bb4 ,t ea* /udy pursu$ %\ld be giv5 cont9u\s "t adequate to secur+ f x good results4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! po9ts ( ! report :i* ,i %\ld "q are z foll[s3 #a4 ,t ,lat9 %\ld be begun mu* e>li] ?an n[4 7,?is is a conf]5ce recomm5dation47 #b4 ,t ,engli% %\ld be giv5 z mu* "t z ,lat94 7,conf]5ce recomm5dation47 #c4 ,! l>ge numb] ( sci5ce subjects recomm5d$1 ) loss ( adequate "t = ea*4 #d4 ,! omission ( a c>eful analysis ( ! value ( ea* subject1 absolute & relative1 prep>atory to tabulat+ c\rses4 #e4 ,! app>5t implication t ! multiply+ ( c\rses is advisable4 #f4 ,! implications t ! *oice ( subjects by ! pupils may be a matt] ( comp>ative indiff]5ce--! doctr9e ( equival5ce ( /udies4 #g4 ,"s p>ts ( ! model programmes made by ! committee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an exam9ation ( tabulat$ results ( ! inve/igations ( ! conf]5ces w %[ t 9 _! op9ion ! foll[+ /udies %\ld be begun bel[ ! high s*ool3 ,engli% lit]ature4 ,g]man or ,fr5*4 ,elem5t>y algebra & concrete geometry4 ,natural ph5om5a4 ,natural hi/ory4 ,biography & my?ology1 civil gov]nm5t1 & ,greek & ,roman hi/ory4 ,physical geography4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion )9 a few ye>s z to improvem5ts 9 elem5t>y c\rses ( /udy1 ) a gr[+ t5d5cy t[>d important modifications4 ,rigid & me*anical me?ods & an exagg]at$ notion ( ?or\ghness 9 e detail h (t5 become a h9drance to ! progress ( ! pupils 9 elem5t>y s*ools4 ,! m9d ( ! *ild is susceptible ( a m mature developm5t at ! age ( f\rte5 ?an is usually atta9$4 ,!re are num]\s examples ( pupils 9 grad$ s*ools1 :o1 ) v limit$ s*ool t]ms1 prep>e = ! high s*ool at ! age ( f\rte54 ,"u ! guidance ( pa9/ak+ & intellig5t p>5ts or private tutors1 *ildr5 cov]1 9 a v brief "t1 ! /udies ( ! gramm> s*ool4 ,all h not$1 "u favor+ conditions1 a surpris+ developm5t1 at an e>ly age1 9 und]/&+ ( hi/ory1 lit]ature1 & common ph5om5a1 a gr[? f> beyond t rea*$ at ! same age 9 ! s*ools4 ,^! facts simply %[ ! possibilities ( ! p]iod ( elem5t>y education4 ,we und]/& t ultimately ^? be/ prep>$ to judge mu/ det]m9e ! modifications1 if any are ne$$1 ( ! elem5t>y c\rses4 ,"s say ! c\rses are already ov]cr[d$1 x is impossible to add any?+4 ,is x n true1 h[ev]1 t by plac+ less /ress ^u a few ?+s1 by ar\s+ m5tal activity ?r\gh ! /imulus ( ! sci5tific me?od1 & by improv+ ! skill ( ! tea*]s1 ! "w sugge/$ by ^! conf]5ces may be easily accompli%$8 ,all ^! exp]im5ts are already old 9 _m s*ools 9 ! c\ntry4 ,consid] ! logical ord] ( /udies4 ,ea* *ild1 almo/ f ! dawn ( consci\sness1 recognizes relations ( numb] & space1 obs]ves ph5om5a & draws crude inf]5ces1 records 9 8 m9d ! daily de$s ( 8 associates1 & employs language to express 8 ?\ght1 (t5 ) l>ge use ( imag9ation4 ,already has begun ! spontane\s developm5t 9 ma!matics1 sci5ce1 hi/ory1 & lit]ature4 ,nature po9ts ! way & we %\ld foll[ ! direction4 ,^! subjects 9 _! v>i\s =ms %\ld be pursu$ f ! fir/4 ,hill's 8,true ,ord] ( ,/udies0 %[s t !re are "s five p>allel1 upw>d-runn+ l9es repres5t+ ! divisions ( k1 & t developm5t may be comp>$ to ! encircl+1 onw>d movem5t ( a spiral1 :i*1 at ea* turn1 cuts (f a portion ( all ! l9es4 ,if we accept ?is view1 we mu/ grant t geometry on its concrete side belongs to ! e>lie/ p]iod ( education2 t ! obs]vation ( natural ph5om5a ) simple inf]5ces w be a mo/ attractive /udy to ! *ild2 t ! importance ( obs]vation ( objects ( natural hi/ory is =e%ad[$ by ! spontane\s int]e/ tak5 9 !m be=e ! s*ool p]iod2 t tales ( anci5t h]oes1 & ! pleas+ my?s ( antiquity1 toge!r ) ! /rik+ *>act]s & incid5ts ( ,greek & ,roman hi/ory1 belong to ! e>ly p]iod ( hi/oric k2 t ! :ole _w ( sub/ance & ph5om5a t con/itutes our environm5t %\ld be ! subject ( /udy "u ! head ( physiography or physical geography2 t ! ?\ghts ( lit]ature1 e?ical & imag9ative1 appeal readily to ! *ild's m9d4 ,we may add t ! ta/e ( *ildr5 may be e>ly cultivat$1 & t ! glory :i* ! *ild discov]s 9 nature makes possible ! art idea & ! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,! reason = beg9n+ a =eign language e>ly is some:at indep5d5t1 b all agree t e>ly /udy ( a liv+ language is desirable4 ,%\ld we n reconsid] our analysis ( ! elem5t>y c\rses8 ,sup]9t5d5ts & tea*]s w f9d ! necess>y *anges n impossible b easy4 ,! sum ( all t is recomm5d$ = ! elem5t>y s*ools by ! conf]5ces is n s =midable z at fir/ appe>s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! conf]5ce reports to ! ,committee ( ,t5 are "s views t h a be>+ ^u ! subject ( ! high-s*ool p]iod4 ,! ,lat9 ,conf]5ce hopes = a modification ( ! gramm>-s*ool c\rses1 t ! high-s*ool c\rse may be begun e>li]4 ,! ,greek ,conf]5ce vot$ t ! av]age age at :i* pupils ent] college %\ld be l[]$4 ,! ,conf]5ce on ,engli% 0 ( ! op9ion t ,engli% "w dur+ ! la/ two ye>s ( ! gramm>-s*ool c\rse %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( a special tea*] or tea*]s4 ,! ,conf]5ce on ,mod]n ,languages holds t :5ev] compet5t tea*]s c be secur$ ! gramm> s*ool %\ld h an elective c\rse 9 ,fr5* or ,g]man4 ,! ,physics ,conf]5ce recomm5d$ t 8,:5ev] x is possible1 special sci5ce tea*]s or sup]9t5d5ts %\ld be appo9t$ to in/ruct tea*]s ( elem5t>y s*ools 9 ! me?ods ( tea*+ natural ph5om5a40 ,! ,hi/ory ,conf]5ce ?\ght x desirable t 9 all s*ools hi/ory %\ld be taught by tea*]s :o h a fondness = hi/orical /udies & h paid special att5tion to effective me?ods ( imp>t+ in/ruction4 ,"o memb] ( ! conf]5ce 0 almo/ ready to advise omitt+ hi/ory f s*ool programmes because ( s mu* rote1 text-book tea*+4 ,^! op9ions are additional evid5ce ( ne$ ( modifications 9 gramm>-s*ool "w1 & "s ?9k t ultimately ! be/ solution w be f\nd 9 ext5d+ ! high-s*ool p]iod d[nw>d to include "p ( ! elem5t>y p]iod4 ,x 0 agre$ 9 ! ,committee ( ,t5 t _! task w\ld be less difficult did ! high-s*ool p]iod beg91 say two ye>s e>li]2 & ! reason :y ! recomm5dation ( ! conf]5ces1 t c]ta9 /udies be introduc$ bel[ ! high s*ool1 0 view$ ) suspicion 0 ! impossibility1 ) ! pres5t organization ( ! s*ools1 ( secur+ good in/ruction 9 ^! /udies4 ,! foll[+ view ( ! high-s*ool p]iod is express$ by a prom95t high-s*ool pr9cipal3 8,my op9ion is t x w\ld be mu* bett] = our boys & girls to beg9 _! prep>ation = college at lea/ two ye>s e>li] ?an !y n[ d4 ,if our high s*ools c\ld receive ! pupils at elev5 or twelve1 in/ead ( f\rte51 prep>ation = college w\ld be complet$ at sixte5 in/ead ( eighte51 z is n[ g5]ally ! case40 ,! cu/om 9 ,european c\ntries supports ! view t high-s*ool me?ods %\ld rea* d[n into ! grades4 ,9 ,prussia only ?ree ye>s ( elem5t>y "w prec$e ! gymnasium1 & ! pupil c ent] ! gymnasium at ! age ( n9e4 ,! gymnasium itself cov]s a p]iod ( n9e ye>s1 ext5d+ five ye>s bel[ ! p]iod ( our high s*ools4 ,exam9+ ! c\rse ( ! ,prussian gymnasium1 we f9d 9 ! fir/ five ye>s1 or be=e ! age ( f\rte51 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,fr5*1 hi/ory1 geometry1 natural hi/ory2 & x is conc$$ by _m educators t m is atta9$ by ! age ( eighte5 9 ,g]many ?an 9 ?is c\ntry2 t at ! age ( f\rte5 9 ,g]many ! developm5t ( ! pupil is m mature1 & t 9 ess5tial features ( education he has made m desirable progress4 ,if our high s*ools %\ld be made equival5t 9 l5g? & rank to ! ,prussian gymnasium1 ! *ange w\ld involve ! entire recon/ruction ( our s*ool sy/em1 f ! prim>y s*ool to ! end ( ! univ]sity4 ,! high s*ools w\ld become colleges1 & ! colleges w\ld become high s*ools1 & ! graduates f !m w\ld ent] ! univ]sity prep>$ to take up pr(essional or o!r special univ]sity "w4 ,t !re are _m lead+ educators :o advocate ^! *anges = ! univ]sities is well kn[n1 & !re are "s /rong t5d5cies t[>d ! ,g]man sy/em4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m deplore ! possibility ( los+ ! ,am]ican college1 :i* is an in/itution some:at peculi> to ?is c\ntry4 ,!y ?9k t its broad1 g5]al education & sup]ior culture are wor? reta9+1 & t specialization %\ld beg9 at a late p]iod4 ,"o significant fact />es u 9 ! face1 namely1 t ! av]age ,am]ican boy no long] w sp5d f\r ye>s beyond ! high s*ool 9 g5]al education1 & !n pass f\r ye>s m at ! pr(essional s*ool or ?ree ye>s 9 ! graduate c\rse4 ,some:]e ! "w mu/ be %ort5$1 9 ei!r ! elem5t>y s*ool1 ! high s*ool1 or ! college4 ,! :ole subject is ( great int]e/ & importance1 b at ! pres5t /age ( inquiry no def9ite conclusions c be rea*$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! relation ( ! m9d to a /udy is det]m9$ by ! nature ( ! m9d & ! nature ( ! /udy1 & !re seems to be no reason 9 psy*ology :y a college-prep>atory subject %\ld be taught diff]5tly to "o fitt+ = ! duties ( life4 ,besides1 x is economy to make id5tical ! "w ( diff]5t c\rses1 z f> z possible4 ,!re 0 p]fect unanimity 9 ! op9ion t ! same /udies %\ld be pursu$ by all 9 ! same way1 z f> z tak54 ,e "o kn[s t _m tea*]s are unskill$ to pres5t 9 ! elem5t>y s*ools ! beg9n+s ( geometry1 sci5ce1 hi/ory1 or lit]ature1 & t ! failures 9 ?is "w are due to ! me*anical ef=ts ( ^? :o h _h no high] or special tra9+4 ,! dem&s ( pres5t me?ods are imp]ative = improv$ p[] 9 in/ruction4 ,sci5ce is n well taught 9 all s*ools4 ,!re is a s*ool :i* tea*es biology f a manual )\t specim51 microscope1 or illu/rations4 ,x 0 a humiliat+ confession ( ! committee t ! classical c\rse is sup]ior1 = ! reason t x is difficult to f9d en\gh in/ructors compet5t to tea* mod]n subjects by mod]n me?ods4 ,a v important po9t1 recogniz$ by ! committee1 is ! advantage ( po/pon+ z long z possible ! necessity ( mak+ a f9al *oice ( c\rses4 ,9 ?is c\ntry we h no fix$ conditions ( rank1 & ! poor man's son has ! same privileges z ! sons ( position & weal?4 ,h5ce1 ! /ation 9 life is n det]m9$ by ! diff]5tiation 9 c\rses at an e>ly p]iod4 ,v few p>5ts decide ^u ! f9al "* ( ! *ild's in/ruction mu* be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! college p]iod4 ,= ^! reasons _m w\ld n agree ) ! conf]5ce recomm5dation to beg9 ,lat9 at an e>li] p]iod4 ,x w\ld n be economy2 !re is en\gh else t belongs to ! elem5t>y /age ( education1 & no plan is feasible t is f\nd$ ^u ! =eign view ( ca/e & fix$ condition 9 life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,uni=mity 9 requirem5ts = admission to college 0 ! subject ( ! report t f9ally l$ to ?is inve/igation4 ,al?\gh uni=mity is n prom95tly urg$ 9 ! report ( ! ,committee ( ,t51 d\btless ! logical outcome ( ! latt] report w be a t5d5cy t[>d "s k9d ( uni=mity4 ,!re is a vigor\s conflict ( op9ion to-day z to nationalism & individualism1 ) a /rong t5d5cy1 especially 9 education1 t[>d individualism4 ,9 ! op9ion ( _m !re exi/s a h>mful slav]y ( ! high & prep>atory s*ools to ! erratic & v>i$ dem&s ( diff]5t colleges1 & also a slav]y to ignorance & caprice 9 "s s*ools !mselves1 :i* w\ld be remov$ by a g5]al agreem5t to uni=mity4 ,m5 are n enslav$1 b are emancipat$1 by organization1 & fre$om ( ! individual is f\nd 9 ! good ord] ( society & gov]nm5t4 ,9 a faceti\s criticism ( ! committee's report1 argu+ = extreme individualism 9 *oice ( /udies1 appe>s ! foll[+ qu]y3 8,please tell u if y & y\r colleagues on ! conf]5ce consid]$ any me?ods = ! enc\ragem5t ( cranks80 ,no2 = ! enc\ragem5t nei!r ( cranks1 nor ( crank9ess1 b = ! enc\ragem5t ( ! be/ k9d ( rational education4 ,:ile !re are a few wise1 indep5d5t inve/igators :o ne$ no en=c$ uni=mity1 & w n be b\nd by ! recomm5dations ( o!rs1 _m ( ! s*ools are l>gely imitators1 or1 worse1 are work+ indep5d5tly ) limit$ insight1 & ^! s*ools w\ld be va/ly improv$ by adopt+ c\rses & me?ods gr[+ f a cons5sus ( ! be/ op9ions ( ! c\ntry4 ,! l[e/ w\ld !reby t5d to rise to ! highe/1 & f t plane a new advance c\ld be made4 ,meantime ! orig9al ?9k]s w\ld be free to pu% =w>d t[>d high] results1 to be g5]ally adopt$ lat]4 ,?r\gh contact ( v>i\s ideas "s pr9ciples are settl$1 & ! _w is free to move on t[>d fre% discov]y4 ,! selection ( /udies is to be det]m9$ l>gely by ! nature ( ! m9d & by ! univ]sal "* ( natural & civil environm5ts1 & ?is fact po9ts t[>d ! possibility ( uni=mity4 ,! p]iod ( second>y education is n ! p]iod = specializ+1 & ev5 if x 71 !re %\ld be "s uni=mity 9 diff]5tiation4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re is1 broadly speak+1 uni=mity ( tradition1 ( gov]nm5t1 ( civilization1 & ! educat$ y\? ( ,san ,francisco be>s ab\t ! same relation to ! _w z ! educat$ y\? ( ,bo/on2 h5ce1 s f> z elem5t>y & second>y education is pursu$1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld n be sub/antially ! same 9 v>i\s s*ools--n 9 details belong+ to ! individual tea*]1 b 9 pap] requirem5ts & important features ( me?ods4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no?+ 9 ! :ole report is m important ?an ! propos$ clos] connection betwe5 high s*ools & colleges1 & ?is is cle>ly & =cibly urg$4 ,:atev] c\rse ( /udy prop]ly belongs to a second>y s*ool is also a good prep>ation = high] education1 else ei!r second>y or high] education is s]i\sly 9 error4 ,:5ev] a y\? decides to take a college c\rse1 he %\ld f9d himself on ! road t[>d x4 ,no "o c d\bt t 9 ! com+ ye>s pupils hav+ pursu$ prop]ly arrang$ high-s*ool c\rses mu/ be admitt$ to correspond+ c\rses 9 high] education4 ,! divorcem5t betwe5 high] education & all l[] grade "w1 except ! classical1 has be5 a fatal defect 9 ! pa/4 ,! entire c\rse ( education %\ld be a practical int]e/ ( college pr(essors1 & !re %\ld be a he>ty cop]ation betwe5 !m & s*ool sup]9t5d5ts & pr9cipals 9 consid]+ all educational problems4 ,x is a fact ( significance t a committee1 on :i* "s lead+ in/itutions are repres5t$1 urges ! pr(essional s*ools ( ! c\ntry to place _! /&>d ( admission z high z t ( ! colleges2 & we hope t aid w ?us be giv5 ! in/itutions endeavor+ to raise ! requirem5ts ( law1 m$ical1 & div9ity s*ools4 ,! reports ( mo/ ( ! conf]5ces ask$ = cont9u\s & adequate "w = ea* subject1 t x might become a s\rce ( discipl9e & ( valuable insight4 ,no d\bt "p ( ! "w 9 high s*ools is too brief & fragm5t>y to ga9 f x ! be/ results4 ,! aim %\ld be to r$uce ! numb] ( subjects tak5 by any pupil1 & ! numb] ( topics "u a subject4 ,x is n necess>y t ! entire l&scape be /udi$ 9 all its p>ts & details1 if a ?or\gh k ( ! mo/ prom95t features is ga9$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 "o important po9t ,i 0 con/ra9$ to diff] f ! read+ ( ! report1 z f9ally submitt$1 al?\gh ! expressions to :i* exceptions 7 tak5 7 due r to ! /&po9t ( ! writ] ( ! report ?an ! resolutions ( ! committee4 ,i ref] to ^? p>agraphs 9 :i* x is impli$ t ! *oice ( /udies 9 second>y s*ools may be a matt] ( comp>ative indiff]5ce1 provid$ good tra9+ is obta9$ f ! subjects *os54 ,?is view makes education =mal1 )\t giv+ due reg>d to ! cont5t4 ,"h are ! _w ( nature & ! _w ( m9d4 ,nature1 :5 its mean+ is realiz$1 has ! same mean+ = all1 & 9 its v>i\s phases affects all 9 sub/antially ! same way4 ,! hi/ory ( mank9d1 9 its v>i\s k9ds & degrees ( developm5t1 has ! same cont5t = all4 ,! nature ( m9d 9 g5]ic *>act]i/ics1 & ! univ]sal tru?s t belong to ! spiritual _w1 are ! same = all4 ,m9d has ! same p[]s 9 all human be+s4 ,we all "k1 feel1 & w2 all p]sons acquire ?r\gh att5tion1 reta9 9 memory "u ! same conditions1 obey ! same laws ( association1 reason1 s f> z rightly1 f ! same pr9ciples1 act f motives4 ,m5 may be class$ crudely accord+ to ! motives t w appeal to !m4 ,:ile !re are inf9ite v>iations 9 details ( m5's natures1 9 p[] ( insight1 degree ( developm5t1 me?ods ( acquisition1 pr$om9ant motives1 9 int]e/s & t5d5cies1 all p]sons 9 _! gr[? obey ! laws ( human nature4 ,h5ce1 we may argue t a sci5ce ( education is possible2 t x is possible to select /udies ) a view to _! univ]sal use 9 ! prim>y developm5t ( ! p[]s1 & ) ! assurance ( sup]ior value z reveal+ to man 8 entire environm5t & ! nature ( 8 be+4 ,m]e =m1 m]e p[]1 )\t cont5t1 mean no?+4 ,p[] is p[] ?r\gh k4 ,! v _w 9 :i* we are to use our p[] is ! _w :i* we mu/ fir/ und]/& 9 ord] to use x4 ,! pres5t is und]/ood1 n by ! p[] to read hi/ory1 b by :at hi/ory conta9s4 ,! laws ( nature & d$uctions !refrom are n made available by m]e p[]1 b by ! p[] :i* comes f ! k ( !m4 ,h5ce1 ! education :i* does n include some?+ ( all views ( ! _w1 & ( ! ?9k+ subject1 is lack+ 9 data = ! wise & effective use ( p[]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 view ( ?is position1 ! committee might well analyze c>efully ! nature & importance ( ea* lead+ subject1 repres5t+ a "p ( ! field ( k1 to ! end t a wise correlation ( ! "w ( ! conf]5ces might be made4 ,! /udy ( numb] 9 its concrete =m & 9 its ab/ract relations1 ! /udy ( space relations1 z f\nd$ ^u axiomatic tru?s1 are necess>y z a basis ( _m k9ds ( k1 z repres5t+ an ess5tial view ( ! _w1 z a f\ndation = ! possibilities ( comm]ce & /ructures1 & z furni%+ important tra9+ 9 exact reason+4 ,sci5ce includes _m ?+s2 b *emi/ry & physics1 :i* expla9 ! manife/ations ( =ce 9 ! mat]ial _w1 biology :i* reveals important laws ( plant & animal life1 & physiography1 :i* acqua9ts u ) our entire environm5t z to location1 ph5om5a1 & p>tial explanation--^! are connect$ ) ! practical side ( civilization & ! welf>e ( humanity1 & are a gu>d aga9/ sup]/ition & error2 !y are indisp5sable = practice 9 induction1 & !y %\ld be well repres5t$ 9 a c\rse ( /udy4 ,hi/ory1 9 :i* man discov]s ! mean+ ( ! pres5t & ga9s wisdom = ! future1 :i* is a pot5t s\rce ( e?ical ?\ght1 mu/ n be omitt$4 ,engli% language1 z ! means ( accurate1 vigor\s1 & beautiful expression1 & ,engli% lit]ature1 :i* is ! treasury ( mu* ( ! _w's be/ ?\ght1 are n subjects to leave to ! election ( ! pupil4 ,9 addition to ! tra9+ 9 obs]vation1 memory1 expression1 & inductive reason+ :i* mo/ /udies (f]1 we mu/ consid] ! developm5t ( imag9ation1 "r emotion1 & "r w4 ,9 o!r words1 /hetic & e?ical tra9+ is mo/ ess5tial4 ,second>y s*ools ne$ n employ =mal c\rses ( /udy to ?is end1 b v>i\s means may be employ$ incid5tally4 ,!re are a hundr$ ways 9 :i* ta/e may be cultivat$1 & lit]ature is "o ( ! be/ means = develop+ ! art idea4 ,moral "* is develop$ by "r habit1 by ! "r use ( ! p[]s 9 ! process ( education1 by gr[? 9 k ( e?ical pr9ciples1 by gr[? ( ! _s ( rev]5ce1 & by ! e?ical code ( religion4 ,all ( ^! means1 except ! =mal use ( ! la/1 may be employ$ by ! s*ools4 ,& ! e?ical elem5t is inh]5t 9 ! v nature ( "r education4 ,to educate rightly is to educate e?ically4 ,hi/ory1 biography1 & lit]ature make direct contributions to e?ical k4 ,we n[ rea* ! /udy ( =eign classical tongues4 ,if !re is no?+ m ?an =mal tra9+1 = in/ance1 9 ,lat91 ! soon] we ab&on its /udy ! bett]4 ,b we f9d 9 x also a valuable cont5t4 ,9 ! process ( developm5t "s phases ( human possibility seem to h be5 almo/ fully realiz$1 :ile ! _w has cont9u$ to develop along o!r l9es4 ,9 su* cases we mu/ g back & fill our m9ds ) ! concepts t belong to ! remote p]iod4 ,! ,greek & ,lat9 classics give u an insight into ! "* ( anci5t peoples & _! in/itutions1 give u ! concepts ( _! civilizations1 ! beauty ( _! lit]atures1 & make a practical contribution to ! k ( our own language4 ,f ! =eign mod]n tongues1 ,g]man may be *os5 because ( its valuable lit]ature1 its contributions to sci5ce1 its dignity1 & its relation to ! ,anglo-,saxon elem5t ( our own language4 ,we h endeavor$ to %[ t ! *oice ( /udies is n a matt] ( indiff]5ce1 t ma!matics1 sci5ce1 hi/ory1 language & lit]ature1 & art & e?ics all belong to ! p]iod ( second>y education2 & we h tri$ to sugge/ ! inf]5ce t all %\ld be employ$4 ,! relative importance ( ea* _c be exactly measur$1 b exp]i5ce & reason mu/ guide u4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,9 a report on requirem5ts = admission to college1 made to ! ,national ,c\ncil ( ,education 9 #ahia1 ! foll[+ recomm5dation appe>$3 8,t a committee be appo9t$ by ?is ,c\ncil to select a doz5 univ]sities & colleges & a doz5 high & prep>atory s*ools1 to be repres5t$ 9 a conv5tion to consid] ! problems ( second>y & high] education40 ,9 accordance ) ! recomm5dation1 ! committee mak+ ! report1 ( :i* ! writ] 0 *airman1 0 au?oriz$ to call a meet+ ( repres5tatives ( lead+ educational in/itutions1 at ,s>atoga 9 #ahib4 ,invitations 7 issu$ & "s ?irty delegates respond$4 ,aft] a ?ree days' session a plan 0 =mulat$1 :i* 0 adopt$ by ! ,national ,c\ncil4 ,! ,committee ( ,t51 ?us appo9t$ & *>g$ ) ! duty ( conduct+ an inve/igation ( second>y-s*ool /udies1 held its fir/ meet+ 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 ,novemb]1 #ahib1 ) ,presid5t ,eliot ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity z *airman4 ,! committee arrang$ = n9e subcommittees or conf]5ces1 ea* to consid] a pr9cipal subject ( high-s*ool c\rses1 & submitt$ to !m def9ite inquiries4 ,ea* conf]5ce 0 compos$ ( prom95t in/ructors 9 ! p>ticul> subject assign$4 ,! inquiries cov]$ su* po9ts z place ( beg9n+ ! /udy1 "t to be giv51 selection ( topics1 advisability ( diff]5ce 9 treatm5t = pupils go+ to college & = ^? :o f9i% ) ! high s*ool1 me?ods1 etc4 ,! reports ( ^! conf]5ces 9 pr9t$ =m1 toge!r ) a summ>y ( ! recomm5dations1 7 9 ! h&s ( ! ,committee ( ,t5 at _! second meet+ 9 ,new ,york1 ,novemb]1 #ahic4 ,! report ( ! ,committee ( ,t51 includ+ ! conf]5ce reports1 ?r\gh ! good (fices ( ! ,commission] ( ,education1 0 publi%$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,z a memb] ( ! ,committee ( ,t51 ! au?or 0 invit$ to review ! ,report be=e ! ,c\ncil ( ,education1 at a meet+ held 9 ,asbury ,p>k1 ,july1 #ahid4 ,,educational ,,values4 ,we e/imate a man's wor? by 8 intellectual grasp1 8 /hetic & e?ical insight1 & 8 p[] = action t[>d "r & useful ends4 ,if ^! *>act]i/ics make ! ideal man1 !y %\ld be ! ideal aim ( education1 & a /udy is to be valu$ z x be/ contributes t[>d develop+ !m4 ,! same te/ ( effici5cy is to be appli$ to ! :ole curriculum ( a s*ool p]iod4 ,!re is a correlation betwe5 ! field ( k & ! kn[+ be+4 ,! objective _w1 ) its v>i$ cont5t1 answ]s to ! m9d ) its v>i$ p[]s4 ,x is ?r\gh ! objective _w ( nature & ( man t ! subject comes to a consci\sness ( himself4 ,ea* important phase ( ! objective _w makes a di/9ct contribution 9 ext5t or k9d ( k to t consci\sness4 ,we d n live 9 a _w :]e cucumb]s gr[ on trees1 or :]e human be+s fail 9 _! ev]-recurr+ *>act]i/ics2 & we believe x possible to discov] ! k9d ( value :i* ea* s\rce ( k may furni% t[>d ! education ( ! *ild1 ) ! expectation t we %all n f9d ! *oice ( /udies to be a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,)\t lay+ claim to a be/ analysis1 we may use a cu/om>y division ( ! field ( k3 7#a7 ma!matical relations1 7#b7 natural ph5om5a1 7#c7 human action1 7#d7 human ?\ght1 7#e7 /hetic & e?ical qualities4 ,! /udies correspond+ are 7#a7 ma!matics1 7#b7 natural sci5ce1 7#c7 hi/ory1 7#d7 language & lit]ature1 7#e7 art & e?ics4 ,ma!matics treats ( quantitative k1 furni%es a peculi> intellectual tra9+1 & makes possible all comm]ce1 all great /ructures1 & ! high] developm5ts ( physical sci5ce4 ,natural sci5ce acqua9ts u ) ! field ( physical ph5om5a & ( plant & animal life1 is ! be/ tra9+ 9 induction1 & is l>gely ! basis ( our mat]ial civilization4 ,hi/ory reveals ! individual & our pres5t civilization 9 ! light ( all human action1 is a s\rce ( e?ical tra9+1 & has high practical value = ! problems ( gov]nm5t & society4 ,lit]ature reveals ! ideal ?\ght & ! speculations ( m51 gives /hetic & e?ical culture1 & 9 a practical way applies poetry to life4 ,art & e?ics deal ) di/9ct types ( k1 cultivate ! high] emotional p[]s1 &1 l ideal lit]ature1 set up /&>ds ( p]fection 9 execution & 9 conduct ( life4 ,! _w 9 :i* we live is ! _w we are to "k 9 ord] to adapt ourselves to x 9 ?\ght1 ! _w we are to "k 9 ord] to ga9 p[] to "w !re9 ) success1 ! _w we are to "k z repres5t+ ! ?\ght ( ! ,creator & ! correlat$ nature ( man1 ! _w we are to "k to ga9 ! s\l's highe/ realization1 &1 = ^! ends1 to "k 9 its v>i\s phases4 ,ea* dep>tm5t ( /udy makes its own peculi> contribution to k1 ea* has its peculi> fitness = develop+ "s giv5 p[] ( ! m9d1 ea* makes its own contribution 9 prep>+ ! individual = ! practical _w4 ,9 ?ree di/9ct ways does ea* subject h a peculi> value--= k1 = p[]1 = practical life4 ,:ile a classification ( /udies )\t cross divisions is impossible1 we may say t ! fir/ f\r gr\ps give u ! p[] ( k = action2 ! fif?1 ! feel+ = p]fection ( action & rightness ( action2 & ^!1 9 _! ex]cise & _! t5d5cy1 create ! "r k9d ( p[] 9 action4 ,c ! exact absolute & relative value ( ea* l9e ( /udy be det]m9$8 ,no2 b we may make approximate e/imates ?r\gh philosophical /udy ( ! relation ( ! m9d to ! _w1 ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( education & ! exp]i5ce ( practical tea*]s4 ,e position is t5tative & subject to con/ant readju/m5t1 ) a clos] approa* to tru?4 ,a re9ve/igation ( _m problems ?r\gh c>eful obs]vation ( *ildr5 w d\btless make an important contribution to k ( values1 if ! exp]im5ts are conduct$ ) a wisdom t takes !m out ( ! realm ( fads1 & if ! greate/ ?9k]s are n giv5 a seat too f> back4 ,important z ?is k9d ( inve/igation is1 extreme advocates may und]value ! /ore ( educational philosophy t has become common prop]ty4 ,f ,ca9 & ,abel d[n1 ! *ild has always be5 ! obs]v$ ( all obs]v]s2 ! adult man recognizes ! nature ( ! *ild 9 8 own nature1 & has recollections ( _m ( 8 fir/ consci\s exp]i5ces4 ,f ! "t ( ! e>ly philosoph]s1 ! data h be5 suffici5t to discov] univ]sal tru?s4 ,*ild /udy s]ves1 n s mu* to e/abli% pr9ciples1 z to br+ ! tea*]'s m9d 9 close sympa?y ) ! life ( ! *ild1 9 ord] to obs]ve c>efully facts = ! application ( pr9ciples4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 an ideal c\rse ( g5]al tra9+1 c !re be1 9 any exact mean+1 an equival5ce ( /udies8 ,z well ask :e!r "o s5se c d ! "w ( ano!r s5se 9 reveal+ ! _w to ! m9d4 ,to be sure1 ! fundam5tal conceptions ( ! mat]ial _w c be obta9$ ?r\gh ! s5se ( t\* alone2 b we also atta* importance to ! revelations ( sight & he>+1 & ^! revelations h a diff]5t quality4 ,he :o lacks ^! o!r s5ses is defective 9 s\rces ( s\l developm5t4 ,s he :o neglects important fields ( k lacks some?+ t is peculi> to !m4 ,ea* /udy helps e o!r1 & be=e special tra9+ beg9s ea* is to be us$1 up to ! "t :5 ! /ud5t becomes consci\s ( its mean+4 ,by contact ) nature & society1 ! *ild1 be=e ! s*ool p]iod1 gets an all-ar\nd education4 ,he di/+ui%es num]ically1 obs]ves natural ph5om5a1 notes ! de$s ( 8 fell[s1 ga9s ! ?\ghts ( o!rs1 & beg9s to p]ceive ! qualities ( beauty & "r4 ,! k9d]g>t5 promotes all l9es ( gr[?2 ! prim>y s*ool cont9ues !m4 ,%all ! second>y s*ool be op5 to broad election8 ,at a "t :5 "s educators ( /rong influ5ce are proclaim+ ! =mal !ory ( education1 t p[]1 )\t ref]5ce to cont5t1 is ! aim ( /udy1 & "s univ]sities enc\rage a wide *oice ( equival5ts 9 prep>ation = admission1 & ! homes yield to ! solicitation ( pupils to omit difficult subjects1 x is important to answ] ! "q 9 ! light ( ! previ\s analysis4 ,& we say no1 = ! simple reasons t n until ! second>y p]iod c ! mean+ ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( k be br\ght )9 ! consci\s und]/&+1 n until !n are ! v>i\s p[]s develop$ to a consid]able degree ( consci\s /r5g?1 n until !n has ! natural b5t ( ! /ud5t be5 fairly te/$4 ,9 ?is p]iod "o w\ld h>dly advocate ! exclusive /udy1 = in/ance1 ( hi/ory to ! entire neglect ( ma!matics & physics2 nor w\ld he advocate ! *oice ( ma!matics to ! entire neglect ( hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,! "q ( college electives is to an ext5t an op5 "o4 ,b x is cle> t :5 g5]al education ends1 special education %\ld beg91 & t indiscrim9ate *oice ( /udies )\t purpose is no sub/itute1 ei!r = a fix$ curriculum or = gr\p election 9 a special l9e4 ,we may fully approve ! fre$om ( mod]n univ]sity education1 b n its lic5se4 ,its fre$om gives ! opportunity to *oose special & fitt+ l9es ( "w = a def9ite purpose2 its lic5se leads to evasion & dilettanteism4 ,we he> ( a s5ior :o took = 8 electives ,spani%1 ,fr5*1 & lectures 9 music & art1 n because !y 7 /rong c\rses 9 ! l9e ( 8 ta/es & t5d5cies1 b because !y 7 ! l9es ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,!re appe>s to be a reaction>y t5d5cy t[>d a m c>eful gu>d+ ( college electives1 toge!r ) a %ort5+ ( ! college c\rse1 9 ord] t g5u9e univ]sity "w may beg9 soon]4 ,if ?is t5d5cy prevails1 x w become possible to build all pr(essional & o!r univ]sity c\rses ^u a sub/antial f\ndation1 & we %all no long] see law & m$ical /ud5ts ent]+ = a degree ^u ! basis ( a gramm>-s*ool prep>ation4 ,! opportunity to specialize1 :i* is ! real value ( college election1 is necess>y ev5 = g5]al education4 ,to "k all subjects "o mu/ "k "o subject4 ,! deep5+ ( "o k9d ( k deep5s all k4 ,! /r5g!n+ ( p[] 9 "o direction /r5g!ns ! :ole man4 ,an education is n complete until "o is fairly ma/] ( "s "o subject1 :i* he may employ = enjoym5t1 = in/ruction1 & = use 9 ! _w ( practical activity4 ,"h we rea* ! ultimate consid]ation on ! intellectual side 9 e/imat+ educational values4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we :o are sometimes call$ cons]vative "k t we h be=e u new problems or a reconsid]ation ( old problems4 ,we believe ! tr5d ( educational ?\ght is "r1 h[ev] "s may = a "t w&] 9 /range pa?s4 ,we "k t m5tal capacity1 heal?1 "t1 money1 home obligations1 propos$ occupation1 & ev5 deviation f ! normal type are all to be consid]$ 9 plann+ ! education ( a pupil4 ,b ! deviations f ideal c\rses & /&>ds %\ld be made ) ideals 9 view1 a diff]5t proposition f d5y+ ! exi/5ce or possibility ( ideals4 ,we "k t ! m9d is a unit-be+ & a self-activity1 t x develops z a :ole1 t !re are no entities call$ faculties4 ,b suppose ! v>i\s psy*ical activities _h nev] be5 classifi$1 z !y n[ are1 9 accordance ) ! facts ( consci\sness1 ! usage ( language & lit]ature1 & ! conv5i5ce ( psy*ology1 :at a h]ald ( fre% progress w\ld he be :o w\ld fir/ pres5t m5tal sci5ce 9 cle> gr\p+s6 ,we may call ! _w "o1 b x has _m phases2 ! m9d is "o1 b x has _m phases2 ^! are m or less correlat$1 & our !ory ( educational values /&s4 ,we "k t int]e/ is ! s9e qua non ( success 9 education1 & no?+ is m b5efic5t ?an ! emphasis giv5 ?is fact to-day4 ,we also "k t pleasure is n ! only1 n ev5 ! mo/ valuable1 int]e/2 & t ! disagreeable "* ( a /udy is n always a crit]ion = its rejection4 ,! pleasure !ory w h>dly ov]come ! importance ( a symmetrical education4 ,9 reg>d to "s ?+s1 h[ev]1 "s ( u mu/ be p]mitt$ to move sl[ly4 ,we mu/ use ! pr9ciple ( 8app]ception10 & int]pret ! new 9 ! light ( t :i* has = a long "t be5 famili>--atta* x to ! 8app]ception mass02 we mu/ be indulg$ 9 our "r to use ! 8culture-epo*0 !ory & advance by degrees f ! b>b>ic /age to t ( deep] insight2 we mu/ 8conc5trate0 7conc5tre7 ) e/abli%$ doctr9es o!r doctr9es t pres5t l>ge claims1 & le>n _! 8correlations0 & 8cord9ations40 ,a new object or idea mu/ be relat$ to & expla9$ by ! k already 9 m9d2 x mu/ be s plac$ & kn[n1 or x is n an idea = u4 ,if 8app]ception0 means ! act ( expla9+ a new idea by ! :ole consci\s cont5t ( ! *ild's m9d1 !n x is ! recogniz$ process ( all m5tal gr[?4 ,9 a giv5 /udy1 topics mu/ be arrang$ 9 logical ord]1 facts mu/ be s organiz$ z to con/itute a consi/5t :ole2 important relations ) o!r /udies mu/ be not$1 & "o subject mu/ be made to help ano!r z opportunity arises4 ,if 8correlation0 means to unite & make cle> p>ts ( subjects & subjects by discov]y ( valuable mutual relations1 !n x is a vital pr9ciple ( all good tea*+4 ,/udies1 :ile pres]v+ _! integrity1 mu/ be adju/$ to ea* o!r 9 "t & sequ5ce s t a h>moni\s result may be produc$4 ,if 8cord9ation0 means ! h>moni\s adju/m5t ( ! indep5d5t functions ( dep>tm5ts ( /udy1 we recognize x z an old acqua9tance4 ,if ! !ory ( 8culture-epo*s0 f9ds a p>allel1 9 ord] ( developm5t1 betwe5 race & individual1 & ?r[s light ^u ! selection ( mat]ial = ea* /age ( ! *ild's gr[?1 !n let ! !ory be us$ = all x is wor?4 ,its place1 h[ev]1 w be a subord9ate "o4 ,"h are ! _w & ! pres5t civilization by means ( :i* ! *ild is to be educat$1 to :i* he is to be adju/$4 ,select subjects ) ref]5ce to nature z kn[n by mod]n sci5ce1 ) ref]5ce to mod]n civilization1 & ! h]$it>y accumulation ( p[] 9 ! *ild to acquire mod]n conceptions4 ,if 8conc5tration0 means subord9at+ all o!r subjects ( le>n+ to a prim>y subject1 z hi/ory or lit]ature1 :i* is to be us$ z a c5tre ?r\gh\t ! elem5t>y p]iod1 we refuse to give x a place z an important me?od 9 education4 ,intr9sically !re is no su* ?+ z a prim>y c5tre except ! *ild himself4 ,he possesses native impulses t rea* out t[>d ! field ( k1 & 9 e direction4 ,x is difficult to imag9e a *ild to be )\t v>i$ int]e/s4 ,did y ev] see a boy :o fail$ to enum]ate 8 possessions1 inve/igate ! int]ior ( 8 automatic toy1 delight 9 imag9ative tales1 applaud mock-h]oic de$s1 & appreciate beautiful objects & "r action8 ,if ! *ild lacks normal developm5t & has n ! app]ceiv+ m9d = ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( k1 create new c5tres ( app]ception & int]e/1 cultivate ! neglect$ & /unt$ p[]s4 ,! v>i\s di/9ct aspects ( ! objective _w sugge/ ! selection ( /udies2 ! nature ( ! m9d sugge/s ! mann] 9 :i* ! elem5ts ( k are to be organiz$4 ,! p>ts ( a subject mu/ be di/9ctly kn[n be=e !y are correlat$2 subjects mu/ be di/9ctly kn[n be=e !y are view$ 9 a sy/em ( philosophy4 ,k is n organiz$ by artificial associations1 b by obs]v+ ! well-kn[n laws ( classification & reason+4 ,moreov]1 all laws ( ?\ght dem& t a subject be develop$ 9 a def9ite & cont9u\s way1 & t side illu/ration be employ$ only = ! purpose ( cle>ness4 ,9 practice ! me?od ( conc5tration c b violate ?is pr9ciple4 ,we may ask :e!r app]ception1 correlation1 cord9ation1 & conc5tration are any?+ b a recognition ( ! laws ( association4 ,! laws ( association 9 memory are no?+ b ! law ( acquisition ( k1 z all good psy*ology po9ts out4 ,^! laws include relations ( "t1 place1 lik5ess1 analogy1 diff]5ce1 & cause4 ,add to ^! laws logical sequ5ce 9 ! developm5t ( a subject1 & y h all ! pr9ciples ( ! me?ods nam$4 ,h ^! inve/igations an important value8 ,yes4 ,!y expla9 & emphasize p$agogical tru?s t h be5 neglect$4 ,hav+ p]=m$ _! mission & hav+ add$ to ! progress ( educational !ory1 !y w give way to new inve/igations4 ,?is is ! hi/ory ( all progress4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! subject ( int]e/ des]ves a fur!r ?\ght4 ,x goes )\t say+ t all a man ?9ks1 feels1 & does c5tres ar\nd 8 own p]sonality1 &1 9 t s5se1 is a self-int]e/4 ,b we are n to inf] t1 !re=e1 int]e/ mu/ be pleasure4 ,we are born ) native impulses to action1 impulses t rea* out 9 b5evol5ce & compassion = ! good ( o!rs1 impulses t rea* out t[>d ! tru? & beauty & goodness ( ! _w1 )\t reg>d to pleasure or rew>d4 ,^! impulses t5d t[>d ! p]fection ( our be+1 & ! rew>d lies 9 t p]fection1 ! possession ( a /rong & noble intellectual1 /hetic1 & e?ical "*4 ,! "w ( ! tea*] is to invite ^! bett] t5d5cies by pres5t+ to !m ! prop] objects = _! ex]cise 9 ! _w ( tru?1 beauty1 & "r4 ,int]e/ & action w foll[1 &1 lat]1 ! satisfaction t att5ds "r developm5t4 ,:5ev] ?is spontane\s int]e/ does n appe> & _c be invit$1 ! *ild %\ld face ! fact t "s ?+s mu/ be1 because !y are requir$1 & are = 8 good4 ,:5 a c\rse ( action is obvi\sly ! be/1 & incl9ation does n lead ! way1 duty mu/ come to ! rescue4 ,we are n t\*+ ?is matt] z an old e?ical controv]sy1 b because x is a vital practical problem ( to-day 9 education1 because ! pleasure !ory is bad philosophy1 bad psy*ology1 bad e?ics1 bad p$agogy1 a c>icature ( man1 contr>y to our consci\sness ( ! motives ( ev5 our ord9>y useful acts1 a !ory t w make a g5]ation ( weakl+s4 ,evolution does n claim to %[ t pleasure is always a crit]ion ( useful action4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 9 8 8,e?ics0 says3 8,9 _m cases pleasures are n connect$ ) actions :i* mu/ be p]=m$ nor pa9s ) actions :i* mu/ be avoid$1 b contr>iwise40 ,he po/pones ! complete co9cid5ce ( pleasure ) ideal action to ! era ( p]fect moralization4 ,we await ! evolutioni/'s mill5nium4 ,mu* h>m z well z mu* good has be5 done 9 ! "n ( ,sp5c] by well-mean+ tea*]s1 & mu* h>m has be5 done 9 ! "n ( physiological psy*ologi/s2 we w\ld avoid a misuse ( _! noble contributions to educational insight4 ,li/5 to a view ( physiological psy*ology ) ref]5ce to ! law ( habit3 8,d e day or two some?+ = no o!r reason ?an t y w\ld r n d x4 ,! man :o has daily inur$ himself to habits ( conc5trat$ att5tion1 en]getic volition1 & self-d5ial 9 unnecess>y ?+s1 w /& l a t[] :5 ev]y?+ rocks ar\nd him & :5 8 s(t] fell[-mortals are w9n[$ l *aff 9 ! bla/40 ,! fact is1 x is impossible to create "*1 en]gy1 & success )\t ef=t t is (t5 pa9ful4 ,?is view is an ess5tial "p ( our !ory ( educational values4 ,,p[] ,,z ,,relat$ ,,to ,,k4 ,try to imag9e a mat]ial _w )\t =ce--no cohesion1 no resi/ance1 no gravitation1 no s\nd1 no light1 no sign f ! outw>d _w1 no active m9d to receive a sign4 ,n[ try to imag9e k )\t p[]1 a m9d t is b a photographic %eet--no active p]ception1 no imag9ation1 no reflection ^u ideas1 no impulses end+ 9 action4 ,on ! o!r h&1 m5tal p[] )\t k is inconceivable4 ,"o )\t k is 9 ! condition ( ! newly born infant4 ,z difficult to und]/& z ! relation betwe5 matt] & =ce1 betwe5 _s & body1 betwe5 ?\ght & its sign1 is ! relation betwe5 k & p[]4 ,9 a way we may attempt to sep>ate & di/+ui% betwe5 !m1 by a process ( emphasiz+ ! "o or ! o!r4 ,k1 9 ! s5se ( in=mation1 means an acqua9tance ) nature 9 its inf9ite v>iety ( k9d1 =m1 & color1 & ) man 9 hi/ory & lit]ature2 m5tal p[] is ! ability to ga9 k1 & ! motive to use x = gr[? & = valuable ends4 ,m]e k s]5ely contemplates nature & hi/ory z a panorama1 )\t s]i\s reflection or ef=t4 ,p[] is able to reflect ^u k1 & to f9d motives = progress & useful action4 ,k is ! product ( ! in=mation me?od2 p[]1 ( ! me?od ( self-activity4 ,z we _c divorce matt] & =ce1 s x appe>s we _c cle>ly sep>ate k & m5tal p[]2 ! di/9ction is artificial & almo/ fanciful4 ,! "o _c exi/ )\t ! o!r2 !y are ! opposite sides ( ! %ield4 ,?r\gh k comes p[]4 ,k is ! mat]ial = reflection & action4 ,k1 z x 71 creates ! m9d1 & is bo? ! s\rce ( p[] & ! occasion = its use4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we recall ! famili> c>icature ( ! ,*9ese lack ( orig9al p[]4 ,a m]*ant negotiat$ ) a ,*9aman = ! manufacture ( a few ?\s& plates ( a c]ta9 patt]n1 & furni%$ a sample t by *ance 0 crack$4 ,! plates arriv$ 9 due season1 admirably imitat+ ! orig9al--& e "o 0 crack$4 ,no ne$ 9 ?is in/ance to employ ! m&ate giv5 by a *ol]ic sup]9t5d5t to an employee1 :o on "o occasion ?\ght = himself--8,i h told y repeat$ly y h no bus9ess to ?9k60 ,! ,*9ese "* may be express$ by a p>ody on a famili> /anza3 ,= !y are ! same _! fa!rs h be52 ,!y see ! same sights _! fa!rs h se51 ,!y dr9k ! same /ream & view ! same sun1 ,& run ! same c\rse _! fa!rs h run4 ,a timor\s c[ gaz+ wi/fully ov] ! g>d5 gate at ! =bidd5 succul5t vegetables1 & n]v\sly rubb+ h] nose by accid5t aga9/ ! lat*1 may op5 ! gate & ga9 an entrance1 & aft]w>d repeat ! process4 ,a new & peculi> fa/5+ w prev5t any fur!r depr$ations4 ,an +5i\s boy w f9d ! means to undo any k9d ( unique fa/5+ to ! gate t b>s him f ! wat]melon pat*4 ,*>les ,lamb humor\sly describes h[ ! ,*9ese le>n$ to eat roa/ pig4 ,a h\se burn$ & ! family pig p]i%$ 9 ! flames2 a disconsolate gr\p ( p /ood ar\nd view+ ! ru9s1 :5 by accid5t "o t\*$ ! pig &1 burn+ 8 f+]1 ?ru/ x 9 8 m\? to cool x2 ! ta/e 0 good1 & he repeat$ ! process4 ,soon !re 7 m>vell\sly frequ5t conflagrations--all ! neighbors burn$ _! h\ses to roa/ _! pigs1 t be+ ! only me?od !y _h le>n$4 ,f ^! some:at trivial illu/rations1 we may readily draw a few inf]5ces3 ,fir/1 +5uity ( m9d = novel conditions di/+ui%es man f ! brutes2 second1 ! ,*9ese me?od ( education emphasizes too mu* ! in=mation side--x is n good2 ?ird1 ! human m9d is +5i\s :5 x is rightly educat$ & has a /rong motive2 f\r?1 +5uity is ! p[] t %\ld gr[ f education4 ,9 ?is idea--+5uity ( m9d--is ! v ess5ce ( :at we mean :5 we emphasize ! p[] side ( ! s\l4 ,! problem ( education is to make m5 ?9k4 ,tradition1 au?ority1 =malism h n ! place 9 education :i* !y =m]ly occupi$4 ,may x n be t we h s analyz$ & =mulat$ ! "w ( ! s*ools t =malism & me?od h some:at tak5 ! place ( g5u9e "w1 full ( ! life & _s t make p[]8 ,we may discov] t ! criticisms f c]ta9 high s\rces h an elem5t ( tru? 9 !m4 ,a c]ta9 r\t9e may easily become a sacr$ code1 a law ( ! tables1 & any v>iation !refrom an impiety4 ,a p]son possesses p[] :5 8 conception pl\ghs ?r\gh ! unfurr[$ tissue ( 8 bra9 to seek its prop] aff9ity1 & unites ) x to =m a correct judgm5t4 ,a p]son :o is m]ely in/ruct$ does n con/ruct new l9es ( ?\ght to br+ ideas into novel relations2 he does n orig9ate or progress4 ,an orig9al ?9k] masses all congru\s ideas ar\nd a dimly conceiv$ notion & !re is a new bir? ( an idea1 a g5u9e *ild ( ! bra94 ,8 +5uity w op5 a gate or con/ruct a philosophical sy/em4 ,e /ud5t rememb]s well ! /ages 9 8 education :5 !re 0 a new awak5+ by me?ods t invit$ ?\ght1 :5 a p[] 0 ga9$ to conceive & d some?+ n /at$ 9 ! books or imp>t$ by ! tea*]4 ,9 ! s*ools1 ev5 ( to-day1 tea*]s are n always f\nd :o c imp>t elem5t>y sci5ce 9 ! _s ( sci5ce1 :o c successfully invite speculation z to causes1 :o c tea* accurate p]ception1 :o c int]pret ev5ts 9 hi/ory1 tra9 pupils 9 ! use ( ref]5ce books1 or invite orig9al ?\ght 9 ma!matics4 ,!re is no high s*ool :i* does n ye>ly receive pupils n tra9$ 9 orig9al p[]1 no college :i* does n annually w9n[ out fre%m51 because !y h n ga9$ ! p[] to grapple ) virile me?ods4 ,! defect is sometimes innate1 b x is (t5] due to false me?ods ( in/ruction4 ,our great problem is to make s*ol>s :o are n hopeless & helpless 9 ! pres5ce ( :at !y h n le>n$4 ,! plant mu/ h good soil1 wat] & air & sun1 c>e & prun+1 9 ord] to gr[1 b x gr[s ( itself1 ga9s /r5g? by prop] n\ri%m5t4 ,! aggregation ( mat]ial ab\t ! plant does n con/itute its gr[?4 ,! plant mu/ assimilate2 ! juices ( life mu/ fl[ ?r\gh x4 ,! tea*] does 8 be/ "w :5 he makes all conditions favorable = ! self-activity ( ! pupil4 ,su* conditions create a lively int]e/ 9 ! objects & =ces ( nature1 invite exam9ation ( facts & discov]y ( relations1 ar\se ! imag9ation to conceive results1 awak5 qu]y & reflection1 /imulate ! emotional life t[>d wor?y & en]getic action1 & make ! pupil ev] progressive4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an article 9 "o ( our magaz9es /rongly emphasizes ! me?ods t make p[]4 ,x consid]s ! k9d ( tra9+ t f9ally makes accurate ?9k]s1 t makes orig9al1 progressive m51 m5 ( p[]1 & safe & wise citiz5s4 ,! au?or %[s t cle> obs]vation1 accurate record+ ( facts1 j inf]5ce1 & /rong1 *oice expression are mo/ important ends to be atta9$ by ! "w ( ! s*ools1 & t ^! ends become ! means = correct+ all sorts ( unju/1 illogical conclusions z to politics & morals4 ,!re is mu* pr(\nd ?\ght 9 ! view ma9ta9$4 ,unju/ inf]5ces1 fallacies1 are ne>ly ! sum ( ! _w's social & political evils4 ,false ideas are held z true conc]n+ all sorts ( curr5t problems--notions t take possession ( m5's m9ds )\t logical reflection4 ,! fallacy ( conf\nd+ sequ5ce ) cause is almo/ univ]sal4 ,all k9ds ( subjective & objective duties suff] f illogical m9ds4 ,to correct _m errors & evils1 to make ?9k+1 useful m51 we mu/ emphasize ! processes recomm5d$3 7#a7 obs]vation1 7#b7 fai?ful record+1 7#c7 j inf]5ce1 7#d7 satisfactory expression4 ,! au?or %[s :]e9 ! "w ( ! grades fails to give ! desir$ results4 ,he holds t ari?metic1 s emphasiz$1 contributes no?+ because x employs necess>y reason+1 & does n give practice 9 inf]5ce f obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 a process :i* develops sci5tific judgm5t4 ,inductive reason+ alone c give sci5tific p[]4 ,read+1 writ+1 spell+1 geography z usually taught1 contribute b little2 gramm> does n add mu*4 ,= inv5tion1 = correct e/imates ( ! problems ( society1 gov]nm5t1 & morals1 ! orig9al p[] ( inf]5ce f obs]v$ facts is necess>y4 ,x is ask$3 ,d our s*ools give ?is p[] to a satisfactory & atta9able degree8 ,x is claim$ 9 ! article t ! high s*ools & colleges fail m or less1 because s mu* "t is giv5 to memory "w & =mulat$ results4 ,9 ! high s*ools ! "w to be mo/ emphasiz$ is n *os5 ) discrim9ation4 ,! c\rses include too _m /udies1 n well done4 ,!re %\ld be few] /udies s pursu$ z to give p[]4 ,may x n be well to make ! inquiry 9 all grades z to :at proportion ( ! "w contributes t[>d ! f9al result ( accurate reflection ^u ! _w ( facts4 ,let u aga9 repeat ! au?or's li/ 9 logical ord]3 7#a7 obs]vation1 7#b7 record+1 z 9 not+ exp]im5ts1 7#c7 inf]5ce1 7#d7 expression4 ,presid5t ,eliot's pap] "h ref]r$ to admirably emphasizes ! me?ods t make p[]4 ,p]haps ! au?or gives too little importance to k z ! basis ( p[]1 & fails to emphasize ! /hetic p[] & ! value ( ideals4 ,x is true t poetry implies accurate obs]vation1 f9e discrim9ation1 discov]y ( j relations1 & true insight1 b x is equally true t sci5ce /udy does n make poets4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! times h *ang$4 ,! old idea ( ! s*ol> 0 ( "o :o1 9 ! s]5e contemplation ( tru?1 beauty1 & goodness1 f\nd a nev]-fail+ s\rce ( delight = himself1 & felt little obligation to ! _w t su/a9$ him1 or ! social environm5t t nurtur$ & humaniz$ him4 ,! devotion to tru? = its own sake1 ! love ( nature 9 repose1 ! admiration ( great de$s1 f9e s5tim5ts & noble ?\ghts1 7 = him suffici5t1 z if he 7 isolat$ 9 a _w ( 8 own4 ,we d n depreciate su* int]e/1 = life is wor? no?+ )\t x4 ,b !re is a dem& = action1 a call to ext]nalize ! p[] ( "o's be+4 ,ea* man is a "p ( ! all1 f et]nity de/9$ to be a factor 9 ! progress ( all4 ,! ?\ghts & impulses t evaporate & accompli% no?+ are n ( mu* m value to ! individual ?an to 8 neighbor4 8,d some?+0 is ! comm& alike ( religion & ( ! nature ( our physical be+4 ,e s5tim5t & idea t leads to action =ms a habit 9 ! my/]i\s inn] *amb]s ( our n]v\s sy/em = action1 & we ga9 9 p[]1 gr[ 9 m5tal /ature1 day by day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p[] comes ?r\gh k4 ,!re may be too great a t5d5cy to emphasize p[] to ! loss ( t k necess>y to m>%al 9 "o field ( view ! necess>y facts4 ,imag9e a judge try+ to rea* a decision )\t ! po9ts 9 evid5ce be=e 8 m9d2 a /atesman t w\ld int]pret curr5t ev5ts )\t a k ( hi/ory2 an inve/igator 9 sci5ce :o _h n be=e him ! results ( ! inve/igations ( o!rs4 ,ideally1 k %\ld be v>i$ & compreh5sive2 x %\ld cov]1 at lea/ 9 an elem5t>y way1 ! entire field ( nature & ( man4 ,!n only is ! /ud5t be/ prep>$ = 8 life "w1 if he w\ld make ! mo/ ( x4 ,a man lo/ 9 a =e/ directs n 8 /eps wisely2 :5 ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) 8 surr\nd+s1 he moves =w>d ) confid5ce4 ,"o :o has tra9$ all ! muscles ( 8 body deliv]s a bl[ ) vigor4 ,"o :o has tra9$ all ! p[]s ( 8 m9d summons to 8 aid ! en]gy ( all1 :5 he acts 9 a giv5 direction4 ,8 k is ! light ?r[n on 8 endeavor4 ,?is view is oppos$ to ! extreme doctr9e t k is ( little value4 ,k is necess>y to p[]2 ! abuse lies 9 n mak+ x ! basis ( p[]4 ,?is !ory also militates /rongly aga9/ ! position t a /ud5t %\ld specialize at too e>ly a p]iod1 be=e he has trav]s$ 9 an elem5t>y way ! circle ( /udies & ga9$ a h>moniz$ g5]al developm5t4 ,! discussion ( a gr[+ fallacy naturally appe>s 9 ?is place1 t x makes no diff]5ce :at k is us$ provid$ x gives p[]4 ,x does make a diff]5ce :e!r "o ga9s p[] 9 deciph]+ an anci5t inscription 9 hi]oglyphics1 or ga9s x by /udy+ a language :i* conta9s ! g5]ic concepts ( our native tongue1 or 9 pursu+ a sci5tific /udy :i* acqua9ts him ) ! laws ( nature's =ces4 ,9 ! "o case1 :ile ! p[] is great1 ! k is small2 9 ! o!r1 an ess5tial view ( ! ?\ght ( mank9d or ( ! nature ( ! _w 9 :i* we live is ga9$1 & ! k is broadly useful = v>i\s ex]cise ( p[]4 ,ano!r fallacy is ! doctr9e t actual execution 9 practical ways alone gives p[]4 ,x may give ready specific p[] ( a limit$ k9d1 b x may leave ! man *ildlike & helpless 9 ! pres5ce ( any?+ b 8 specialty4 ,"h we f9d an argum5t = high] education1 = an accumulation ( k & p[] t comes ?r\gh prolong$ labor 9 ! field ( le>n+1 "u wise guidance & ?r\gh self-ef=t4 ,_m a y\?1 ?r\gh limit$ capacity1 limit$ "t & means1 mu/ beg9 special education be=e he has laid a broad f\ndation1 b ?is is n ! ideal me?od4 ,! true tea*] w always hold ! highe/ ideals be=e ! pupils1 w guide !m 9 ! pa? ( g5]al education1 until t education becomes :at is call$ lib]al4 ,! broad-m9d$ m5 :o conduct s*ools = special education are /rong advocates ( ! highe/ degree ( g5]al tra9+ z a f\ndation4 ,f\r ye>s ( college life1 ) ! me?ods ( to-day1 m ?an quadruple ! capital ( ! graduate ( ! second>y s*ool4 ,!y broad5 ! field ( k1 & enl>ge ! capacity = do+4 ,! _w is full ( dem&s = m5 ( k & p[]4 ,!re is to-day a lack ( m5 suffici5tly equipp$ 9 k1 p[]1 & "* to take ! direction1 = in/ance1 ( important college dep>tm5ts4 ,m5 ( p[] & skill are 9 dem& ev]y:]e1 & n en\gh c be f\nd = responsible positions4 ,"o half ! fault is insuffici5t education4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is ano!r phase ( p[] t mu/ n be neglect$1 ! p[] to enjoy1 to be ri* 9 emotional life4 ,k1 prop]ly pursu$1 is a s\rce ( ri* & ref9$ intellectual emotions4 ,!re is joy 9 discov]y1 joy 9 ! fre$om & grasp ( ?\ght4 /hetic p[]1 bas$ ^u f9e discrim9ation1 f9ds a p]petual joy 9 sky & sea1 & m\nta9 & =e/1 9 music & poetry1 9 s5tim5t & song4 ,our ,teutonic ance/ors 7 bett] se]s ?an we4 ,! morn+ sun & ! midnight d>kness 7 p]petually to !m a new bir?4 ,! leaves :isp]$ to !m div9e messages2 ! /orms & ! seasons1 ! fruitful e>?1 7 full ( wond] & sacr$ my/]ies4 ,!y 7 poets4 ,?is matt]-(-fact age w yet return to ! primitive reg>d = nature1 a reg>d enlight5$ & ref9$ by sci5ce4 ,m5 w yet f9d 9 ! mo/ commonplace fact ( nature my/]y1 poetry1 gr\nd = rev]5ce1 & fai? 9 a ,god4 ,! p[] ( enjoym5t alone does n give a fruitful life4 ,x is 9 ! mom5t ( action t we ga9 ! habit t makes p[] = action4 ,z a philosoph] rec5tly express$ x3 ,d n all[ y\r f9] emotions to evaporate )\t f9d+ expression 9 "s useful act1 if x is no?+ b speak+ k9dly to y\r gr&mo!r1 or giv+ up y\r seat 9 a horse c>4 ,!re has be5 a weak & h>mful philosophy 9 vogue = ye>s t w\ld place ! natural & ! useful 9 ! l9e ( ! agreeable4 ,ev5 extreme evolution fails signally to %[ t ! agreeable is always teleological1 t is1 always direct$ t[>d useful ends4 ,! late/ tea*+ ( physiological psy*ology takes u back to ! /]n philosophy ( ! self-d5y+ ,puritan1 & %[s t we mu/ conqu] our habitual incl9ations1 & enc\nt] "s disagreeable duty e day to prep>e = ! em]g5cies t dem& m5 ( /]n /uff4 ,george ,eliot proclaims ! same ?\ght ) philosophical insight1 t we are n to wait = great opportunities = glory1 b by daily1 drudg+ p]=mance ( little duties are to get ready = ! arrival ( ! great opportunities4 ,we mu/ prep>e = our eagle flights by _m feeble attempts ( our untri$ p9ions4 ,if "o b "w1 no matt] 9 :at l9e ( high] s*ola/ic pursuit1 he w 9 a few ye>s wak5 to a consci\sness ( p[] t makes him "o ( ! lead]s4 ,!re is e enc\ragem5t to ! /ud5t to p]sev]e1 9 ! c]ta9 assurance t soon] or lat] he w rea* atta9m5ts beyond 8 pres5t cle> conception4 ,our inh]itance is a glori\s "o4 ,! "* ( ! ,anglo-,saxons is se5 ?r\gh\t _! hi/ory4 ,amid ! cla% ( weapons !y f\ght ) a fi]ce en]gy & a /range delight4 ,!y rode ! mighty bill[s & sang h]oic songs ) ! wild joy ( ! sea f[l4 ,lat] we f9d !m cont5d+ e>ne/ly = _! beliefs4 ,!n !y grew into ! ,puritan /]nness ( "*1 ab\nd+ 9 ! s5se ( duty4 ,_! "* has made !m ! lead]s & conqu]ors ( ! _w4 ,x f9ds expression 9 ! progress & influ5ce ( ,am]ica4 ,?is en]gy has gradually become m & m ref9$ & humaniz$1 &1 9 its highe/ & be/ =m1 x is ! h]itage ( e "y man2 & by ! pride ( ance/ry1 by ! "* inh]it$1 by ! opportunity ( 8 age1 he is call$ ^u to wield /rongly ! weapon ( ,?or & hamm] out 8 de/9y ) /rong he>t & e>ne/ purpose4 ,,moral ,,tra9+4 ,we %all n discuss ! philosophical sy/ems :i* und]lie e?ical !ories1 nor ! !ories !mselves :i* consid] ! nature ( ! moral s5se & ! supreme aim ( life1 b %all treat practical e?ics z a "p ( didactics1 & z a "p ( t unspok5 influ5ce :i* %\ld be ! con/ant ally ( in/ruction4 ,x is n ! purpose to pres5t any?+ new1 b r to give confid5ce 9 me?ods t are well kn[n & are successfully employ$ by skilful & devot$ tea*]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =mation ( "r habits is ! fir/ /ep t[>d good "*4 ,ari/otle gives ?is fact special emphasis4 ,"h are "s deta*$ s5t5ces f 8 e?ics3 8,moral virtue is ! outcome ( habit1 &1 accord+ly1 its "n is d]iv$ by a slight deflection f habit4444 ,x is by play+ ! h>p t bo? good & bad h>pi/s are produc$1 & ! case ( build]s & all artisans is simil>1 z x is by build+ well t !y w be good build]s1 & by build+ badly t !y w be bad build]s4444 ,accord+ly1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 "o tra9+ ( ! habits & ano!r1 f e>ly days1 is n a light matt]1 b is s]i\s or all-important40 ,ari/otle "h expresses a tru? t has become "o ( ! trite/4 ,all m5tal dispositions are /r5g!n$ by repetition4 ,we le>n to obs]ve by obs]v+1 to rememb] by ex]cis+ memory1 to create by tra9+ ! imag9ation1 to reason by acts ( inf]5ce4 ,passions gr[ by indulg5ce & dim9i% by re/ra9t2 ! f9] emotions ga9 /r5g? by use4 ,c\rage1 endurance1 firmness are e/abli%$ by frequ5tly fac+ dang]s & difficulties4 ,by practice1 disagreeable acts may become a pleasure4 ,x is by practice t ! m9d gets possession ( ! body1 t ! sep>ate movem5ts ( ! *ild become correlat$1 & ! mo/ complex acts are p]=m$ ) ease & accuracy4 ,physiological psy*ology has confirm$ & /r5g!n$ ! doctr9e ( habit4 ,! functions ( ! bra9 & m5tal actions are correlat$4 ,a n]ve tract once e/abli%$ 9 ! bra91 & action along t l9e recurs ) increas+ spontaneity4 ,new l9es ( communication are =m$ ) difficulty4 ,ea* physical act controll$ by l[] n]ve c5tres leaves a t5d5cy 9 ^? c5tres to repeat ! act4 ,! inf]5ce is obvi\s & important4 ,:atev] we wi% ! adult man to be1 we mu/ help him to become by e>ly practice4 ,*ildhood is ! p]iod :5 t5d5cies are mo/ easily e/abli%$4 ,! m9d is tea*able & receives impressions readily2 ar\nd ^? clu/] k9dr$ impressions1 & ! =mation ( "* is already begun4 ,! bra9 & o!r n]ve c5tres are pla/ic1 & readily act 9 any mann] n inconsi/5t ) _! natural functions4 ,z !y beg9 !y t5d to act !reaft]4 ,dr4 ,h>ris call$ att5tion a few ye>s ago to ! e?ical import ( ! ord9>y requirem5ts & prohibitions ( ! s*oolroom4 ,promptness1 ob$i5ce1 sil5ce1 respect1 "r positions 9 sitt+ & /&+1 reg>d = ! rights ( o!rs1 7 nam$ z help+ to =m habits t w\ld make ! *ild self-controll$ & fit him to live 9 society4 ,:atev] y w\ld wi% ! *ild to d & become1 t let him practise4 ,we le>n to d1 n by kn[+1 b by kn[+ & !n do+4 ,e?ical tea*+1 tales ( h]oic de$s1 s\l-/irr+ fiction t awak5s sympa!tic emotions may accompli% b little1 unless 9 ! *ild's e>ly life reg>d = ! "r1 little acts ( h]oism1 & de$s ( sympa?y are employ$2 unless ! ideas & feel+ f9d expression 9 action1 & s become a "p ( ! *ild's p[] & t5d5cy4 ,george ,eliot w\ld h u make ready = great de$s by con/ant p]=mance ( little duties at h&4 ,"r habit is ! only sure f\ndation = "*4 ,sudd5 resolutions to *ange ! t5or ( life1 sudd5 conv]sion f an evil life to "o ( ideal goodness are usually failures1 because ! old t5d5cies w hold on grimly until ! new impulse1 h[ev] great1 has gradually evaporat$4 ,to prep>e = ! highe/ moral life & a p]sev]+ religi\s life1 e>ly habits ( ! "r k9d are ! only secure f\ndation4 ,! tea*] may h confid5ce 9 ! value ( requir+ ( pupils practice 9 self-re/ra9t1 practice 9 enc\nt]+ difficulties t dem& a little ( c\rage1 a little ev5 ( h]oism--& ea* day furni%es opportunities4 ,pleasure may n always att5d _! ef=ts1 b pleasure w come soon en\gh z a rew>d1 9 consci\sness ( /r5g? & ( noble developm5t4 ,(t5 we d wrong because x is pleasant1 & avoid ! "r because x is pa9ful4 ,by habit we come to f9d pleasure 9 "r action1 & !n ! action is a true virtue z held by ! ,greek philosoph]s4 ,ari/otle rem>ks3 8,h5ce ! importance ( hav+ _h a c]ta9 tra9+ f v e>ly days1 z ,plato says1 su* a tra9+ z produces pleasure & pa9 at ! "r objects2 = ?is is ! true education40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! p]sonality ( ! tea*] is a pot5t factor 9 moral education4 ,p]fection is n expect$ ( ! tea*]2 none ev] atta9$ x except ! ,great ,prototype4 ,all t we c say ( ! be/ man is t he av]ages high4 ,! tea*] :o does n possess to a some:at m>k$ degree "s quality em95tly wor?y ( imitation w h>dly be ( ! highe/ value 9 8 pr(ession4 ,i rememb] ) gratitude two m51 ea* ( :om impress$ me ) a noble quality t made an important contribution at ! "t to my ?\ght1 feel+1 action1 & gr[?4 ,! ideal ( "o 0 action--en]getic1 p]sev]+ action--& he 0 a notable example ( 8 ideal4 ,8 precept )\t 8 example w\ld h be5 almo/ valueless4 ,! o!r 0 a noble advocate ( ideal ?\ght1 & 8 m9d 0 always fill$ ) ! highe/ conceptions2 moreov]1 9 _m l>ge ways he exemplifi$ 8 precept4 ,8 acqua9tance 0 wor? m ?an t ( a ?\s& o!rs :o are satisfi$ ) a commonplace view ( life4 ,m9ds t are n speculative1 are n +5i\s & creative1 w h>dly make _! own ideals1 or ev5 be taught by ab/ractions4 ,!y c1 h[ev]1 readily compreh5d ! liv+ embodim5t ( virtue1 & !re is /ill en\gh ( our ance/ral monkey imitativ5ess rema9+ to give high value to example4 ,& x is important t ! influ5ce ( ! tea*] %all n be m]ely a p]sonal magnetism t influ5ces only :5 x is pres5t1 b a quality t %all comm& respect 9 memory & help to e/abli% pr9ciples ( conduct4 ,! influ5ce %\ld be "o t w be reg>d$ )\t ! sanction ( ! p]sonal relation4 ,he :o is :olly rul$ ei!r by fe> or by love ga9s no p[] ( self-control1 & w be at a loss :5 ?r[n ^u 8 own responsibility 9 ! _w ( conflict & temptations4 ,"* mu/ be =m$ by habit & guid$ by pr9ciple4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! _w's moral h]oes are few4 ,s9ce !y c n be our daily companions1 we turn to biography & hi/ory1 t _! p]sonality & de$s may be pa9t$ 9 our imag9ation4 ,concrete tea*+ is adapt$ to *ildr51 & select tales ( great & noble m51 vivid descriptions ( de$s wor?y ( emulation may e>ly impress _! m9ds ) unfad+ pictures t w /& z ar*etypes = _! future "* & conduct4 ,h5ce ! value ( my?ology1 ( ,bible /ories1 & ,plut>*4 ,x is unnecess>y to add t su* lit]ature %\ld be at ! comm& ( e tea*]1 & !re is en\gh adapt$ to e grade ( "w4 ,?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( =mal hi/oric /udy important use %\ld be made ( ! e?ical "* ( m5 & ev5ts4 ,! pupil ?us fills 8 m9d ) examples f :i* he may draw valuable inf]5ces1 & ) :i* he may illu/rate pr9ciples ( action4 ,! e?ical s5se is develop$ ?r\gh relations ( ! individual to society1 & ! broad] ! scope ( vision1 ! m j w be ! e/imate ( human action4 ,ideal lit]ature1 ! bett] class ( fiction & poetry1 :i* n only rea*es ! intellect1 b t\*es ! feel+ & br+s ! motive p[]s 9 h>mony ) ideal *>act]s1 de$s1 & aspirations1 may h ! highe/ value 9 =m+ ! e?ical life ( ! pupil4 ,"h is pres5t$ ! v ess5ce ( ! be/ ideas & feel+s ( humanity--?\ghts t burn1 emotions ( div9e quality1 desires t g beyond our be/ realizations1 acts t are h]oic--all pa9t$ 9 vivid colors4 ,by read+ we ent] into ! life ( great] s\ls1 we %>e _! aspirations1 we make _! treasure our own4 ,a l>ge %>e ( ! moralization ( ! _w is done by ?is process ( apply+ poetry to life4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o important caution4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 s5tim5t & s5tim5tality4 ,! latt] weak5s ! m9d & w2 x is to be avoid$ z sl[ poison t w f9ally und]m9e a /rong con/itution4 ,!re mu/ be a c]ta9 vigor 9 ideal s5tim5t t w n vani% 9 mawki% feel+1 b w give tone = noble action4 ,x is a "q :e!r s5tim5t t %$s te>s1 & nev]1 9 consequ5ce1 does an additional praisewor?y act1 has wor?4 ,y "k ! lit]ature t leaves y ) a feel+ ( /upid satiety1 & y "k t :i* gives y ! feel+ ( /r5g? 9 y\r limbs1 & cle>ness 9 y\r intellect1 & e>ne/ness 9 y\r purpose1 & det]m9ation 9 y\r w4 ,use ideal lit]ature f ! e>lie/ s*ool days ( ! *ild2 *oose x ) a wisdom t comes f a c>eful analysis ( ! subject & a k ( ! adaptation ( a p>ticul> selection to ! end propos$4 ,& :5 y rea* ! =mal /udy ( lit]ature1 f9d 9 x some?+ m ?an dates1 ev5ts1 gramm>1 & rhetoric2 f9d 9 x beauty1 tru?1 goodness1 & insight t w exp& ! m9d & improve "*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is mu* tru? 9 ! criticism t condemns precept )\t example2 ! two g toge!r1 ! "o is a complem5t ( ! o!r4 ,we act 9 response to ideas1 & a rule ( action cle>ly und]/ood & adopt$ w (t5 be appli$ 9 a hundr$ specific in/ances t fall "u x4 ,a tea*] ( tact & skill c ga9 ! int]e/ ( *ildr5 to "k ! mean+ & und]/& ! application ( _m ri* g5]alizations f human exp]i5ces t h pass$ into prov]bs4 ,! natural result ( conduct :i* we condemn may be po9t$ out1 ) (t5 a noticeable increase ( reg>d = duty & prud5ce4 ,we may n expect consi/5cy ( "*1 firmness ( purpose1 rigid obs]vance ( hone/y1 tru?fulness1 honor1 & sympa?y until ! c\rse ( life is direct$ by pr9ciples t h tak5 firm hold ( ! m9d4 ,:5 moral in/ruction 9 s*ool passes into :at ! boys call prea*+1 ! zeal\s tea*] (t5 dulls ! po9t ( any possible int]e/ 9 ! subject1 & !reby defeats 8 purpose4 ,sometimes we1 9 our feel+ ( responsibility1 tru/ too little to ! bett] in/9cts ( *ildhood1 ! influ5ce ( good surr\nd+s1 & ! leav5+ p[] ( all good "w 9 ! regul> c\rse ( in/ruction4 ,= ! purpose ( moral in/ruction 9 ! s*ools we %\ld take ! broad view ( ! ,greek e?ics4 ,z summ$ up by ,pr(essor ,gre5 ! ,good ,w aims 7#a7 to "k :at is true & create :at is beautiful2 7#b7 to endure pa9 & fe>2 7#c7 to resi/ ! allurem5ts ( false pleasure2 7#d7 to take = "o's self & to give to o!rs1 n :at "o is incl9$ to1 b :at is due4 ,?is is l>g] ?an ! conv5tional moral code4 ,x makes virtues n only ( ju/ice & temp]ance1 b ( c\rage & wisdom4 ,by implication x condemns c[>dice & lazy ignorance4 ,x urges "o to /rive = ! realization ( all 8 be/ possibilities1 to enl>ge 8 p[]s1 8 usefulness1 & aim at ! gradual p]fection ( 8 be+ ?r\gh ! wor?y use ( all 8 en]gies4 ,x does n dwell morbidly on petty di/9ctions ( casui/ry1 b g5]\sly exp&s ! s\l to receive wisdom1 ! wisdom t reg>ds all good4 ,we are creatures ( num]\s native impulses1 all useful 9 _! prop] ex]cise4 ,ea* impulse is susceptible ( gr[? until x becomes pr$om9ant4 ,! l[] animals foll[ _! in/9cts4 ,man is rational1 has ! p[] to discrim9ate1 to e/imate "r & wrong1 to educate & be educat$4 ,he is call$ ^u to subord9ate "s impulses & to cultivate o!rs4 ,! *ild is full ( p[] ( action1 & x mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 "s direction4 ,! "w ( ! tea*] is to invite ! native impulses t rea* out t[>d "r & useful ?+s1 by (f]+ ! prop] objects = _! ex]cise4 ,:5 ^! t5d5cies ( ! *ild's be+ are enc\rag$1 8 gr[? w be e?ical4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at is ! relation ( ! doctr9e ( duty to ! practical subject 9 h&8 ,?is is a "q t re/s ^u ! broad f\ndation ( philosophy & religion1 & we _c discuss ! gr\nds ( belief4 ,we may believe t ! s5se ( duty is indisp5sable to moral "*4 ,true1 mu* has be5 done 9 ! "n ( duty t has be5 h>mful & repell5t4 ,_m ?+s h be5 ?\ght to be duty t w\ld rule heal?ful spontaneity & *e]fulness & ne$ful recreation out ( life1 & place ! *ild "u a solemn re/ra9t t re/s on 8 _s l an incubus & drives him to rebellion & s94 ,we d n mean duty 9 ?is c>icature ( ! reality4 ,b ?is is a _w 9 :i* ! highe/ good is to be obta9$ by c\rage to ov]come evil & difficulty4 ,! great ,fi*te said3 8,i h f\nd out n[ t man's w is free1 & t n happ9ess1 b wor?9ess is ! end ( our be+40 ,& ,pr(essor ,royce 9 ! same ve9 says3 8,! spiritual life isn't a g5tle or an easy ?+4444 ,spirituality consi/s 9 be+ h]oic en\gh to accept ! trag$y ( exi/5ce1 & to glory 9 ! /r5g? :]e) x is giv5 to ! true lords ( life to conqu] ?is trag$y1 & to make _! _w1 aft] all1 div9e40 ,9 ! "n ( evolution & physiological psy*ology mu* good has be5 done 9 driv+ to ! realm ( d>kness1 :5ce x emanat$1 ! _s ( h>%ness & cruelty 9 education & 9 discipl9e2 at ! same "t mu* h>m has be5 done by sup]ficial int]pret]s by ! attempt to make all education & tra9+ a pleasure4 ,! highe/ good _c be ga9$ )\t /ruggle4 ,"* _c be =m$ )\t /ruggle4 ,y & ,i w\ld give no?+ = acquisitions t h co/ u no?+4 ,:ile ! *ild's w is to be invit$ 9 ! "r direction by e wor?y motive t t5ds to make ! pa? pleasant1 ! *ild at ! same "t %\ld "k by daily exp]i5ce t "s ?+s mu/ be because !y are "r1 because !y are "p ( 8 duty2 t !y may be at fir/ disagreeable & require /]n ef=t4 ,only !n w he be prep>$ to resi/ temptation1 & to actively pursue a c\rse t w lead t[>d ! p]fection ( 8 be+ & t[>d a life ( usefulness4 ,along ! pa?s ( pleasure are ! wrecks ( innum]able lives1 & ?is view is "o ( ! greate/ practical importance 9 ! e-day "w ( ! s*oolroom4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all prop] education is e?ical education4 ,h[ ! tea*] enc\rages ! acquisition ( tru?6 ,) :at c>e he corrects error 9 exp]im5t & inf]5ce6 ,) :at zeal he leads ! pupil to fur!r k6 ,) :at feel+ he po9ts out beauty 9 natural =ms & 9 lit]>y art6 ,) :at hope he enc\rages him to ov]come difficulties6 ,) :at solicitude he reg>ds 8 ways & 8 *oice ( company6 ,:at use he makes ( e opportunity to emphasize a lesson ( ju/ice 9 ?is little society ( *ildr51 :i* is 9 _m ways a type ( ! l>g] society into :i* ! *ild is to ent]6 ,if tea*]s are le>n$ & skilful1 & ( /rong "*1 if !y awak5 int]e/ 9 /udies & n disgu/1 if !y h insight into ! moral ord] ( ! _w z reveal$ 9 all dep>tm5ts ( le>n+1 ! :ole curriculum ( /udy1 f ! k9d]g>t5 to ! univ]sity1 w be a disclosure ( e?ical conceptions1 a practice ( "r activity1 an enc\ragem5t ( "r aim4 ,if ! bett] t5d5cies ( ! *ild's nature are repell$ in/ead ( invit$1 9 s f> w in/ruction lack ! e?ical elem5t4 ,& h]e9 lies ! great responsibility ( ! tea*] = 8 own education1 me?ods1 & p]sonal influ5ce4 ,:at are ! s*ools do+ = moral tra9+8 ,we believe !y are do+ mu* t is satisfactory & enc\rag+4 ,! public s*ools h at _! comm& ! v>i\s e?ical =ces4 ,!y =m "r habits by e-day requirem5ts ( ! s*oolroom2 !y provide ! p]sonal influ5ce ( tea*]s ^: good "* is ! fir/ passport to _! position2 !y employ ! lessons ( hi/ory & lit]ature1 & 9 di/9ct ways imp>t pr9ciples ( "r conduct2 !y inspire c\rage to ov]come difficulties2 !y direct ! bett] impulses ( *ildr5 t[>d discov]y 9 ! great _w ( tru?1 &1 by ! v ex]cise ( p[] requir$ 9 ! process ( education1 prep>e !m = life4 ,,c ,,virtue ,,be ,,taught8 ,on a c]ta9 occasion ,socrates assum$ ! rle ( li/5]1 :ile ,protagoras disc\rs$ ^u ! !me 8,c ,virtue ,be ,taught80 ,protagoras %[s t !re are "s ess5tial qualities :i*1 reg>dless ( specific call+1 %\ld be common to all m51 su* z ju/ice1 temp]ance1 & hol9ess--9 a ^w1 manly virtue4 ,he holds x absurd & contr>y to exp]i5ce to assume t virtue _c be taught4 ,he says t1 9 fact1 8,education & admonition comm5ce 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( *ildhood1 & la/ to ! v end ( life40 ,"m & nurse1 & fa!r & tutor ceaselessly set =? to ! *ild :at is j or unju/1 honorable or di%onorable1 holy or unholy2 ! tea*]s look to 8 mann]s1 & lat] put 9 8 h&s ! works ( ! great poets1 full ( moral examples & tea*+s2 ! in/ructor ( ! lyre imp>ts h>mony & rhy?m2 ! ma/] ( gymna/ics tra9s ! body to be m9i/] to ! virtu\s m9d2 & :5 ! pupil has complet$ 8 "w ) ! in/ructors1 ! /ate compels him to le>n ! laws1 & live aft] ! patt]n :i* !y furni%4 8,cease to wond]1 ,socrates1 :e!r virtue c be taught40 ,we c b accept ! pr9ciples ( ,protagoras1 t ! ess5tial qualities ( a rational & moral be+ are to be consid]$ at ea* /age ( gr[? & 9 all relations ( life2 t all education is to be ! ally ( virtue4 ,we c b accept1 too1 ! fact t guidance1 in/ruction1 & au?ority help to br+ ! *ild to self-realization1 & help to det]m9e modes ( conduct4 ,! rema9+ "q relates to ! ways & means adapt$ to a giv5 /age ( education4 ,:5 ! pupil ent]s ! high s*ool he is already a tra9$ be+4 ,8 tra9+1 h[ev]1 has be5 m or less me*anical4 ,he is n[ at an age :5 8 capacity1 8 /udies1 & 8 social relations admit him to a broad] field--a field 9 :i* he makes essays at indep5d5t action2 :5 8 physical developm5t br+s new problems & dang]s2 :5 contact ) ! _w beg9s to acqua9t him ) ! vici\s maxims ( selfi% m52 :5 !re is a t5d5cy to break away f ! moral codes1 )\t ! wisdom ( exp]i5ce to guide him 9 8 gr[+ fre$om4 ,x is a critical p]iod--"o t te/s 9 new ways 8 m5tal & moral balance4 ,if ! pupil is n wreck$ "h1 he has _m *ances 9 8 favor1 al?\gh ! college or bus9ess life or society may lat] sorely tempt him4 ,t ! tea*+s & influ5ces ( ! p]iod ( second>y education h mu* to d ) mak+ "* is recogniz$ by ! colleges4 ,"s s*ools become kn[n = ! vigor ( _! intellectual & e?ical tra9+1 & ! successful prep>ation ( _! pupils to meet ! dem&s & temptations ( college life4 ,! subject ( e?ics 9 ! high s*ool ?us becomes a prop] "o = inquiry4 ,%all we employ ! =mal /udy ( e?ics8 ,h>dly4 ,! sci5tific or !oretical treatm5t ( ! subject belongs to ! p]iod ( reflection1 ( subjective insight1 & %\ld foll[ psy*ology1 if n philosophy4 ,su* /udy h>dly accompli%es mu* practically until exp]i5ce & reflection h giv5 "o an int]e/ 9 ! deepe/ problems ( life4 ,x belongs to a p]iod :5 ! commonplaces are fraught ) mean+1 :5 a rational conviction has ! =ce :i* ,socrates gave to insight into wisdom--:5 to und]/& virtue is to con=m ! life to x4 ,b1 nev]!less1 ! :ole p]iod ( high-s*ool "w %\ld be a contribution to ! end ( moral "*4 ,let u get rid1 at ! outset1 ( ! idea t a moral life is a me*anical ob$i5ce to rules & conv5tionalities1 a cut-&-dri$ affair1 a matt] t lies 9 b "o prov9ce ( our nature1 a =malism1 & le>n t ! :ole be+1 its purposes & activities1 ! h]oic impulses & ! commonplace duties lie )9 its circle4 ,ev]y?+ a man is & does1 le>ns & becomes1 con/itutes 8 moral "*4 ,e?ics is ! sci5ce ( conduct--conduct on bo? its subjective & its objective side4 ,x consid]s ! relation ( ! self to all consequ5ces ( an act z =ese5 & *os5 by ! self1 & to ! same consequ5ces z outw>dly express$4 ,practically x tea*es control ( impulse ) ref]5ce to results z express+ & reveal+ ! "*--results bo? imm$iate & remote4 ,"s acts %[ a "o-sid$ incl9ation1 uncontroll$ by reg>d = ! claims ( o!r & bett] impulses2 only a "p ( ! individual is ass]t$1 n ! :ole self 9 p]fect balance4 ,= example1 ! pupil plays truant1 act+ ) sole reg>d = ! impulse to seek ease & s5su\s pleasure4 ,he neglects o!r m important impulses1 all ( :i* might h be5 satisfi$ by att5d+ fai?fully to 8 s*ool duties3 ! impulse ( ambition1 to ga9 p[] & become a useful & successful citiz52 ! desire = culture1 ) all its sup]ior values2 ! impulse ( wond]1 lead+ ev] to ! acquisition ( k2 ! impulse ( admiration1 to seek & appreciate ! beautiful2 ! filial & social affections1 :i* reg>d ! feel+s & wi%es ( ! home & ! s5tim5ts ( companions2 ! impulse to gratitude1 z %[n t[>d p>5ts & tea*]s2 ! s5tim5t ( rev]5ce1 z %[n t[>d law & ord] & ^? :o /& z _! repres5tatives4 ,& all ^! neglect$ dem&s rise up & condemn him2 he is divid$ f himself & 8 fair judgm5t1 is n 8 complete self4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pupil sp5ds ! day 9 devotion to "w1 he ma9ta9s ! integrity & balance ( 8 nature1 gives ea* impulse due consid]ation & makes a symmetrical & moral advance 9 8 developm5t4 ,9 re/ra9+ ! impulse to play truant1 he does ju/ice to all ! claims ( 8 be+2 ! result+ values z e/imat$ 9 subjective exp]i5ces are ! highe/ possible--! act is good4 ,! problem1 !n1 is to br+ ! pupil to a full] und]/&+ ( ! "* ( 8 impulses to action1 & ! relative value ( ea*4 ,9 _m ways ! neglect$ elem5ts ( 8 nature may be br\ght into consci\sness & emphasiz$4 ,ev]y?+ t creates conceptions ( ideal conduct1 all concrete illu/rations 9 ! social life ( ! s*ool1 all consci\s ex]cise ( p[] 9 "r ways1 contribute t[>d 8 self-realization4 ,! high-s*ool pupil has n _h a l>ge p]sonal exp]i5ce2 h5ce ! ne$1 9 ! ways propos$1 ( tea*+ virtue4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! situation is advantage\s4 ,x is conc$$ by e s*ool ( e?ical ?9k]s t "o f9ds 8 moral awak5+ 9 contact ) society4 ,society is ! mirror 9 :i* "o sees a reflection ( himself1 & comes to realize himself & 8 "*4 ,! s*ool ( ! p1 :i* is 9 an important s5se an epitome ( t l>g] _w :i* he is to ent]1 furni%es an admirable field = developm5t4 ,moreov]1 x is a community :]e ! re/ra9t1 ! guidance1 ! ideals come ( "r f prop]ly con/itut$ au?ority4 ,! :ole problem ( objective relations & correspond+ subjective values may f9d illu/ration & exp]im5t 9 ! daily life ( ! s*ool4 ,! con/ructive imag9ation may be employ$ to inf] f exp]i5ces 9 s*ool to l>g] exp]i5ces ( k9dr$ quality 9 ! field ( life4 ,by judg+ real or suppos$ cases ( conduct ! pupil makes at lea/ a !oretical *oice4 ,by le>n+ & int]pret+ *>act]s & ev5ts 9 hi/ory 8 view is broad5$4 ,! :ole s*ool curriculum %\ld contribute to moral developm5t4 ,:atev] ( intellect1 emotion1 & w is ex]cis$ 9 a rational field exp&s ! s\l normally4 ,! pursuit ( /udies ) ! "r _s1 & ) reg>d = ! activities & relations incid5tal !reto1 is moral gr[?4 ,/udies awak5 rational int]e/1 cultivate habits ( indu/ry1 are devot$ to ! discov]y ( tru?1 reveal important relations ( ! individual to society1 & pres5t ! pure/ ideals ( ! race4 ,!re is h>dly a m valuable moraliz] ?an heal?y employm5t itself1 employm5t t engages ! :ole man--p]ception1 imag9ation1 ?\ght1 emotion1 & w--employm5t t looks t[>d ennobl+ & useful consequ5ces1 employm5t t has ! sanction ( e consid]ation t reg>ds man's full developm5t4 ,if ! /udies ( ! high-s*ool c\rse d n make = good1 x is because !y fail to get hold ( ! pupil1 to awak5 8 int]e/ & en]gies4 ,if ! subject matt] & ! in/ruction are adapt$ to ! pupil's ne$1 if conceptions are cle>ly grasp$1 if heal?y int]e/ is ar\s$ & ! att5tion turns spontane\sly to ! "w1 ! pupil's gr[? w be 9 e way b5efic5t4 ,"o :o reg>ds ! moral developm5t ( 8 pupils w consci5ti\sly /udy ! me?od ( 8 tea*+1 & le>n :e!r ! s\rce ( neglect & rebellion lies !re4 ,! p]sonality ( ! tea*] is "o ( ! mo/ important factors 9 e?ical tra9+4 ,x is e?ics tea*+ by example2 x is ! liv+ embodim5t ( conduct4 ,! ideas t f9d expression 9 ! life ( ! tea*] are likely to be imitat$4 ,! sympa?y ( ! tea*] ) ! endeavor ( ! pupil infuses life into 8 ef=t4 ,we d n ref] to a c]ta9 k9d ( p]sonal magnetism2 ?is may be p]nici\s 9 ! extreme4 ,x may exi/ to ! ext5t ( p>tially hypnotiz+ ! indep5d5t life ( ! pupil1 robb+ him = a "t ( "p ( 8 individuality4 ,! ideal in/ructor %\ld be e>ne/ & noble1 impress+ "o ) ! goodness1 dignity1 & mean+ ( life4 ,an easy-go+ reg>d = duties1 a half-way atta*m5t to labor are sure to impress !mselves on ! m9ds ( pupils2 z readily w honor1 s9c]ity1 & pure ideals be reflect$ 9 _! endeavors4 ,y w ask3 ,:at are "s ( ! specific ways 9 :i* a tea*] may direct 8 ef=ts8 ,we (t5 look f> = ! means ( accompli%m5t :5 !y are already at h&4 ,! means ( moral influ5ce are n ! exclusive possession ( le>n+ or g5ius2 !y may be us$ by e tea*]1 & we %\ld h fai? 9 :at ! s*ools are already do+ to make good "*4 ,! successful use ( me?ods dep5ds ^u ! tea*]'s judgm5t & tact4 ,"o may d h>m by consci5ti\s b ill-direct$ ef=t4 ,) ,solomon we mu/ rememb] t !re is a "t = ev]y?+4 ,among/ o!r impulses1 natural or acquir$1 ! pupil has impulses to reg>d honor1 hone/y1 tru?fulness1 g5tlemanl9ess1 good ?\ghts1 respect1 gratitude1 sympa?y1 indu/ry1 usefulness4 ,9 a fit ( rage1 ) desire to h>m ! object ( 8 v9dictiv5ess1 he may disreg>d ne>ly e "o ( ! above qualities4 ,! impulse ( ang] acts bl9dly1 he$less ( ext]nal consequ5ces & ( ! subjective values t atta* to ! execution ( e desire4 ,all cases ( bad conduct1 v>y+ 9 degree1 %[ a simil> disproportionate e/imate ( ! value ( motives4 ,our problem is to plant 9 ! consci\sness ( ! pupil an appreciation ( neglect$ qualities4 ,x may be not$ 9 pass+ t !re are "s cases ( physical t5d5cy1 am\nt+ to monomania4 ,consci\s wrong nev] is able fully to conceal itself1 & :5 ! tru? becomes evid5t to ! tea*]1 z x may1 he %\ld seek ! confid5ce ( ! home1 & ?r\gh ! home ! influ5ce ^u ! pupil ( a tru/$ physician :o possesses bo? m$ical skill & moral =ce4 ,9 approa*+ ! specific ways ( moral education1 we may fir/ make our obeisance to habit4 ,! limitations z to "t1 place1 & activity1 :i* are incid5tal to all s*ool life1 help to =m habits :i* turn ! gr[+ y\? /ill m f ! condition ( uncontroll$ lib]ty into "o ( well-regulat$ conduct1 civilize him1 & make him a fit memb] ( society4 ,habits ( reg>d = ! rights ( o!rs fur!r lay ! f\ndation ( altruism4 ,habit has its value4 ,x e/abli%es t5d5cies ( conduct1 al?\gh 9 a m or less me*anical way1 :i* make easi] ! adh]5ce to virtue 9 ! advanc$ p]iod ( reflective insight4 ,too1 ^! same duties me*anically p]=m$ may lat] be kn[n 9 _! full significance1 & become moral acts4 ,! judici\s use ( maxims1 also1 has a value4 ,maxims are ! fir/ =mal expression ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! race z to ! ?+s to d or avoid4 ,s9ce we act f ideas1 maxims may s]ve practically = _m concrete cases4 ,?is is especially true if ! full mean+ ( a maxim has be5 pres5t$4 ,next to maxims1 & great] 9 importance1 are ! ev5ts & *>act]s ( hi/ory & biography4 ,embodi$ virtues & vices1 real ev5ts t %[ ! movem5ts & reveal ! motives ( a p1 appeal /rongly to ! int]e/4 ,yet1 be+ remote 9 "t & place1 !y all[ ! free/ discussion & may be made p]man5t types = ! in/ruction & improvem5t ( mank9d4 ,! value lies 9 ! fact t qualities ?us kn[n ha/5 ! self-realization ( ! same qualities4 ,! life ( a ,socrates1 an ,ari/ides1 ( a ,cato1 a ,savon>ola1 a ,lu!r1 a ,cromwell1 a ,l9coln1 a ,:itti]1 ( all m5 & wom5 :o exemplify virtue1 h]oism1 self-d5ial1 all /ruggles = ! "r1 are ! high-wat] m>k = e aspir+ nature4 ,& 9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory & biography x is n necess>y at e turn to deliv] a homily2 r lead ! pupil into ! _s & und]/&+ ( ! subject--"s ?+s %9e ) _! own light4 ,a yet m f]tile s\rce ( ideal conceptions is ! *oice lit]ature ( ! _w4 ,f ?is ri* treasury we draw ! poetry :i* we apply to life4 ,9 lit]ature tru? is giv5 life & color1 idealiz$ & made attractive4 ,qualities are ab/ract$1 ref9$1 p]fect$1 & glorifi$4 ,!y s]ve to %[ u ! mean+ ( ^? qualities 9 u4 ,lit]ature pres5ts emotions t 9 _! purity & ref9em5t seem to transc5d ! mat]ial _w2 h]oes & m>tyrs idealiz$ & embody+ self-sacrifice & devotion2 s5tim5ts t t\* ! :ole range ( *ords 9 ! he>t & awak5 t5d]ness or h]oism4 ,! pupil reads ,hom] & ga9s conceptions ( h]oic virtues2 ! 8,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome10 & ga9s ideas ( p]fect honor & devotion to c\ntry2 ,t5nyson1 & he foll[s ! pure conceptions & feels t life has tak5 on a nobl] color+2 ,c>lyle's doctr9e ( "w & duty1 & feels 8 moral s9ews /r5g!n$4 ,?\ghts t aspire1 emotions ( transc5d5t wor?1 c\rage1 h]oism1 b5evol5ce1 devotion to c\ntry or humanity--all ^! are at ! comm& ( ! in/ructor1 if he has ! skill to lead ! pupil into ! _s & und]/&+ ( lit]ature4 ,if he has n ! skill1 let him n t\* x4 ,! /udy ( sci5ce itself (f]s opportunities4 ,sci5ce se>*es = tru?1 judges n ha/ily1 removes all prejudice1 employs ! judicial _s4 ,x %\ld sugge/ lessons 9 fairness1 ju/ice1 & tru? 9 ! field ( human conduct4 ,ha/y inf]5ce1 prejudic$ judgm5t are responsible = half ! s9s ( ?is _w1 & ! sci5tific _s %\ld be made to pass f ! ab/ract field ov] into practical life4 ,some?+ c be done by daily assembly ( pupils4 ,:ile m5 h v>i\s occupations1 !re are c]ta9 int]e/s t belong to m5 z m51 z human be+s4 ,z !re are hymns set to noble music :i* are sung = c5turies )\t dim9ution ( int]e/1 because !y are adapt$ to ! want ( man's ess5tial nature1 s !re are gems ( /hetic & e?ical lit]ature :i* h /ood ! te/ ( "t & are approv$ by common cons5t4 ,! read+ ( vigor\s1 heal?ful selections c b h an influ5ce soon] or lat] ^u ! li/5]4 ,! tea*]1 9 a brief address1 may express "s ?\ght or exp]i5ce or ideal or s5tim5t1 t w rea* ! inn] life4 ,9 no way1 h[ev]1 w ! good s5se & skill ( ! tea*] be put to sev]] te/ ?an 9 ! selection ( ^! tea*+s4 ,!y easily become monoton\s in/ead ( giv+ vital int]e/4 ,pr(essor ,john ,dewey1 9 an admirable article on ! subject ( int]e/1 def9es x ?us3 8,int]e/ is impulse function+ ) ref]5ce to an idea ( self-expression40 ,he fur!r says3 8,! real object ( desire is n pleasure1 b self-expression4444 ,! pleasure felt is simply ! reflex ( ! satisfaction :i* ! self is anticipat+ 9 its own expression4444 ,pleasure arrives1 n z ! goal ( an impulse1 b z an accompanim5t ( ! putt+ =? ( activity40 ,^! expressions mean simply t ! human be+ has native impulses to activity2 t ^! impulses1 "u rational control1 aim at prop] ends2 t pleasure is n ! end ( action b m]ely accompanies ! putt+ =? ( activity2 t int]e/ is ! m5tal excitem5t t arises :5 ! self-active m9d has an end 9 view & ! means ( its atta9m5t--a feel+ t b9ds ! att5tion to ! end & ! means4 ,8 doctr9e d5ies h$onism4 ,we are n to aim at a good1 b to act ! good4 ,we are n to "w = ! pleasure1 b to f9d pleasure 9 work+4 ,?is is a doctr9e ( va/ importance to ! educator4 ,ext]nal & unwor?y rew>ds = ef=t are false motives4 ,! "w itself mu/ furni% int]e/1 because suit$ to ! activities ( ! pupil4 ,! great problem ( ! tea*] is to invite a self-activity t f9ds its rew>d 9 ! activity4 ,false motives %\ld n be held be=e pupils4 ,!re is a view ( life call$ romanticism1 ! condemnation ( :i* gives ,nordau 8 "o virtue4 ,! adh]5ts claim = !mselves ! fill ( a con/antly v>y+ r\nd ( completely satisfy+ emotional life4 ,! hi/ory ( prom95t adh]5ts ( ?is view is a w>n+ to ?is g5]ation4 ,! devotees ei!r become rational & satirize _! own folly1 or become pessimi/s1 rail+ at ! :ole t life has to (f]1 or commit suicide1 & ?us well rid ! _w ( _! useless pres5ce4 ,c>lyle po9ts out t n all ! p[]s ( *ri/5dom comb9$ c\ld suffice to make ev5 "o %oeblack happy4 ,if he _h "o half ! univ]se he w\ld set ab\t ! conque/ ( ! o!r half4 ,& !n foll[s ! gr& exhortation to useful labor1 ! p]=mance ( duty1 z ! la/+ s\rce ( satisfaction4 ,if we d n f9d happ9ess !re91 we may get along )\t happ9ess &1 in/ead !re(1 f9d bless$ness4 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ,goe!'s ,fau/4 ,fau/ at fir/ wi%es to enjoy ev]y?+ & d no?+4 ,he runs ! :ole r\nd ( pleasure1 ( exp]i5ce1 & emotional life1 & f9ds satisfaction 9 no?+4 ,f9ally1 9 ! second book1 he f9ds ! supreme mom5t 9 ! joy ( useful labor = 8 fell[ m54 ,x is to be not$1 h[ev]1 t z soon z he is fully satisfi$ he dies1 z1 metaphorically1 p 9 t /ate always d4 ,pleasure does n make life wor? liv+1 b liv+ ! fulness ( our nature is liv+ a life ( wor?4 ,lay+ aside all !ories1 ev5 ! !oretical correctness ( :at foll[s1 x is necess>y to hold practically to ! transc5d5tal w4 ,?is is a l>ge ^w1 b x means simply go+ ov] beyond ! m]e solicitation ( pres5t pleasure1 & hold+ ) wisdom & c\rage to ! claims ( all ! impulses ( our be+--9 a ^w1 liv+ a life ( integrity4 ,! transc5d5tal w c suff] & p]sev]e & refuse pleasure1 & endure & "w out good & useful results4 ,x is important to give pupils a little t\* ( ! h]oic1 else !y w be ! sport ( e w9d t bl[s & lea/ ( all be able to )/& ! tempe/ or ! w9try bla/4 ,!re is a well-worn figure ( spee*1 ess5tially ,platonic 9 its "*1 :i*1 once well 9 ! m9d ( a "y man or woman1 w surely influ5ce ! life = good4 ,z ! heal?y tree gr[s & exp&s 9 symmetry1 beauty1 & /r5g?1 & blossoms & yields useful fruit1 in/ead ( be+ dw>f$ or gr[+ 9 di/ort$ & ugly =ms1 s ! normal s\l %\ld exp& & develop 9 vigor & beauty ( "*1 & blossom & yield a life ( usefulness4 ,a /unt$ s\l1 "o t has gone all awry1 is a spectacle ov] :i* m5 & gods may weep4 ,9 "s way ! nobility ( life1 ! gr&eur ( upright "* mu/ be impress$ ^u ! m9d ( y\?4 ,& moral gr[? mu/ be gr[? 9 fre$om4 ,rules & maxims1 petty prohibitions1 & re/ra9ts alone w n make morality1 b r b>e me*anism & habit4 ,moral fre$om means t1 by an insight t comes ( "r developm5t1 "o views ! full be>+ ( any problem ( conduct1 & *ooses ) a wisdom t is 8 own4 ,morality is n me*anism1 b insight4 ,doctr9e does n con/itute morality4 ,ph>isaism is immorality & w drive any "o to rebellion & s94 ,me*anical rule has no vitaliz+ p[]4 ,a moral life %\ld be self-active1 vigor\s1 joy\s1 & free4 ,s f> z spontane\s conduct c be made to take ! place ( rule & re/ra9t w y secure a gr[? t w exp&1 :51 well-root$ by y\r fo/]+ c>e1 y f9ally leave x to /ruggle ) ! elem5ts4 ,foll[+ 9 sub/ance ! ?\ght ( a prom95t educator1--n s mu* p$agogical prea*+ z skilful /imulat+1 n s mu* p]fect ideals z pres5t activities1 n s mu* compulsion z invit+ self-activity are to-day ! ne$s ( ! s*ools4 ,?r\gh guidance ( pres5t int]e/ ! *ild may lat] atta9 to ! great] int]e/s ( life 9 _! full compreh5sion4 ,,college ,,& ,,univ]sity4#b ,t\*+ ! !me ( high] education1 inquiries 7 s5t to a l>ge numb] ( univ]sities1 colleges1 & second>y s*ools4 ,! fir/ two que/ions relat$ to ! "w ( second>y education1 & 7 z foll[s3 7#a7 ,:at %\ld ! high-s*ool graduate be :5 ent]+ college8 7#b7 ,:at does he lack ( an ideal education :5 he ent]s8 ,consid]+ ! g5]al "* ( ! que/ions1 ! answ]s 7 all t might be expect$1 & !y are valuable = ! limit ( _! range1 z well z = :at !y express1 s9ce !y %[ t1 conc]n+ ! ma9 purpose ( education1 !re is no?+ new to be said4 ,! foll[+ are op9ions t repres5t ! majority or appe> important z individual views3 7#a7 ,! high-s*ool graduate1 :5 ent]+ college1 %\ld possess a m9d educat$ by me?ods t create int]e/ & make p[] to ?9k & g5]alize--p[] to d orig9al "w4 7#b7 ,he %\ld h an acqua9tance ) ea* field ( k1 & %\ld %[ a symmetrical developm5t ( 8 m5tal activities4 7#c7 ,z t5d+ to produce great] int]e/1 k1 & p[]1 he %\ld h be5 tra9$ 9 only a limit$ numb] ( subjects 9 ea* field2 9 ^! subjects ! "w %\ld h be5 cont9u\s & int5sive4 7#d7 ,he %\ld h good comm& ( ,engli%4 7#e7 ,he %\ld be well-gr\nd$ 9 "r habits & moral pr9ciples--! practice ( self-control4 ,:ile ?is inquiry is n /rictly ^u ! subject1 x %[s t ! difficult problems ( univ]sity life are to be solv$ 9 "p by ! second>y s*ools1 & t "s ( ! failures 9 high] education are due to ! imp]fections ( e>li] tra9+4 ,x also introduces "p ( ! discussion t foll[s4 ,! ?ird "q p]ta9$ to high] education3 ,:at %\ld ! college or univ]sity d = ! high-s*ool graduate8 ,"s ( ! m important op9ions receiv$ may be express$ z foll[s3 7a7 ,x %\ld supplem5t ! failures ( 8 e>li] tra9+4 ,!re %\ld be no *asm betwe5 second>y & high] education4 7b7 ,x %\ld give him a lib]al education2 x %\ld (f] him a c\rse t has unity & h>mony4 ,x %\ld cultivate ! p[] ( rese>*4 ,x %\ld tea* him to br+ all 8 k & all 8 p[] to be> on ! problems ( life4 7c7 ,x %\ld make him broad1 & !n deep 9 "s subject4 ,x %\ld />t him 9 l9es ( /udy lead+ to 8 life "w4 7d7 ,x %\ld give him high ideals ( private & civic conduct2 x %\ld make a man ( him4 ,to consid] m]ely ! subject ( college ideals w\ld be trite & unpr(itable1 & "s latitude w be us$ 9 ! discussion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! influ5ce ( ! college %\ld be felt 9 ! "w ( prep>ation4 ,t ! college %\ld be closely articulat$ ) ! high s*ools is an idea ( mod]n date1 b "o t n[ is receiv$ ) gr[+ favor4 ,an exam9ation ( ! admission requirem5ts ( ! colleges /ill %[s a v>iety ( dem&s1 hav+ no common basis 9 pr9ciples ( education1 9 ! /&>d c\rses ( high s*ools1 or 9 uni=m agreem5t4 ,! requirem5ts ( "s colleges are imp]ative = specific subjects t are n fundam5tal1 b m]ely rank ) a s]ies ( alli$ subjects 9 a giv5 field ( k4 ,(t5 a me?od ( "w acceptable to "o college w\ld be reject$ by ano!r4 ,among reputable in/itutions ! height ( ! /&>d v>ies by two ye>s4 ,! dissatisfaction ( ! high s*ools ) ^! evils is deep-seat$ & wide-spread4 ,! fault re/s ma9ly ) ! colleges & univ]sities1 & ! reasons t ma9ta9 uness5tial di/9ctions are absurd 9 ! eyes ( second>y-s*ool m54 ,if absolute uni=mity 9 college admission is n feasible1 a reasonable *oice ( equival5ts )9 a giv5 dep>tm5t ( k may be all[$4 ,at lea/ a plan ( admission may be 8organiz$ )\t uni=mity40 ,a college has be5 kn[n to refuse f\r ye>s' excell5t "w 9 sci5ce z a sub/itute = "s *apt]s 9 a p>ticul> book on physical geography4 ,9 ano!r in/ance a c]ta9 sci5tific s*ool1 requir+ two ye>s ( prep>ation 9 ,lat91 refus$ a f\r ye>s' c\rse 9 ,lat9 9 lieu ( ! prescrib$ numb] ( books 9 ,cs>4 ,a jo9t committee has rec5tly be5 appo9t$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,high] ,education & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,second>y ,education1 ( ! ,national ,educational ,association1 to consid] fur!r ! basis ( connection betwe5 ! high s*ools & ! colleges4 ,?is committee consi/s ( em95t & able m51 :o w accompli% important results1 if giv5 prop] enc\ragem5t & aid by ! ,national ,association1 & if ! v>i\s local associations cop]ate1 in/ead ( fo/]+ organiz$ diff]5ces4#c ,! report ( ! ,committee ( ,t5 did mu* to prep>e ! way = a m complete & satisfactory connection betwe5 ! colleges & ! high s*ools1 b mu* rema9s to be done :i* may well be und]tak5 by ?is jo9t committee4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t "o ( ! longe/ sections 9 ! report ( ! ,royal ,commission on ,second>y ,education is on ! 8,relation ( ! ,univ]sity to ,second>y ,education10 & t ! importance ( a close connection is emphasiz$ & ! means ( secur+ x is sugge/$4 ,! "w ( second>y education mu/ be bas$ on p$agogical pr9ciples & adapt$ to ! /age ( developm5t :i* x repres5ts1 & ! colleges mu/ take up ! "w :]e ! high s*ools leave x4 ,:atev] is be/ = a giv5 p]iod ( gr[? is also good prep>ation = :at foll[s4 ,!re %\ld be no saltus 9 ! process ( g5]al education4 ,we d n mean t ! colleges are n to help det]m9e ! prep>atory c\rses ( /udy2 b !y mu/ reg>d ! natural ord] ( developm5t 9 grades bel[ ! college z well z ideal college /&>ds4 ,by a clos] union ) ! high s*ools1 ! colleges may help to fa%ion _! c\rses1 improve _! me?ods1 & may sugge/ ! importance ( plac+ college-educat$ m5 & wom5 9 *>ge ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( high-s*ool "w4 ,! report ( ! ,royal ,commission previ\sly ref]r$ to1 discuss+ ! prep>ation ( tea*]s = ! second>y s*ools1 says3 8,s f> z reg>ds g5]al education1 !y w obta9 x1 &1 9 our op9ion1 ought to obta9 x1 n 9 special sem9>ies1 b 9 ! same s*ools & univ]sities z are resort$ to by p]sons desir+ to ent] ! o!r pr(essions4 ,! m attractive ! pr(ession becomes1 ! l>g] w be ! numb] ( tea*]s :o w feel t !y ought to fit !mselves = x by a univ]sity c\rse40 ,! report fur!r says3 8,:atev] pr(essional education is provid$ = tea*]s ought to h bo? a !oretical & a practical side4444 ,fre$om & v>iety w\ld1 9 our op9ion1 be be/ secur$1 if ! univ]sities 7 to take up ! task2 444 &1 if ! sci5ce ( education is to make good ! claims put =w>d 9 its behalf1 x ought to be /udi$ :]e o!r bran*es ( m5tal & moral philosophy are fully h&l$ by ! able/ pr(essors40 ,_m colleges are do+ mu* to increase laboratory practice 9 ! high s*ools1 to cultivate ! _s ( inve/igation1 to limit ! numb] ( subjects & secure good results4 ,9 "o ( ! new ,/ates1 ,colorado1 ! pr9ciple is g5]ally recogniz$ t a good prep>atory education is also a good g5]al education1 & t e high s*ool is1 !re=e1 a prep>atory s*ool4 ,! second>y-s*ool p]iod is ma9ta9$ at f\r ye>s1 laboratories are provid$ 9 all ! s*ools1 & ,lat9 & ,g]man1 if n ,greek1 are f\nd 9 all4 ,^! results are l>gely due to ! close relation 9 t ,/ate betwe5 second>y & high] education4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! second gr\p ( op9ions quot$1 ! philosophy is ,platonic r ?an mat]iali/ic or utilit>ian4 ,x makes a /ud5t a man ( ideal p[]s1 possibilities1 & aspirations4 ,he possesses a nature ^: developm5t is an end 9 itself1 ^: well-be+ is ( prime consid]ation4 ,lib]al education aims to give ! /ud5t a consci\s realization ( 8 p[]s1 )\t ref]5ce to mat]ial advantage ?r\gh _! use 9 a giv5 occupation or pr(ession4 ,?r\gh lib]al education ! /ud5t acquires ideas ( univ]sal int]e/ & ess5tial "*4 ,he ga9s a compreh5sive view t enables him to e/imate ?+s at _! relative value1 to le>n ! place1 use1 & end ( ea*4 ,t lib]al education %\ld rema9 ! ideal ( at lea/ a l>ge "p ( ! college c\rse1 mo/ educators agree4 ,7 ?is function ( ! college n a di/9ctive & ess5tial "o1 t dep>tm5t ( le>n+ w\ld ( necessity be ab&on$1 & ! direct road to practical bus9ess w\ld be pursu$4 ,rec5t addresses1 repres5t+ ?ree ( ! greate/ ,am]ican univ]sities1 agree t ! function ( ! college is to be ma9ta9$1 & t acqua9tance ) ! sev]al fields ( k is necess>y to ! v idea ( lib]al education4 ,!y agree to include ! field ( ! languages & lit]ature1 ! field ( ! sci5ces & ma!matics1 ! subjective field1 t ( philosophy & psy*ology4 ,9 a late report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education appe>s a ,g]man criticism ( ,am]ican education1 :i* m5tions ! lack ( l+ui/ic tra9+4 ,! writ] says3 8,! consequ5ces are se5 9 ! defective l+ui/ic-logical discipl9e ( ! m9d1 :i* p]haps m ?an ! discipl9e 9 ! ma!matical =ms ( ?\ght is a requisite ( all pr(\nd intellectual progress1 be t 9 l+ui/ic or 9 ma!matical & sci5tific bran*es40 ,9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l91 philosophy is a requir$ subject = all degrees4 ,! cons]vation ( ! ideals ( ! race is l>gely ! "w ( lib]ally educat$ m54 ,"s "o has argu$ t n ?r\gh education1 b ?r\gh a high] /&>d ( society & politics1 w ! y\? ( ! l& be rea*$2 b society & politics dep5d ^u ideal education & ! *ur* = _! own purification4 ,! p[] ( rese>* is *>act]i/ic ( mod]n univ]sity tra9+ & is ess5tial to a lib]al education1 z giv+ "o ! ma/]y ( 8 p[]s4 ,c>lyle 0 n f> f ! "r :5 he said t ! true univ]sity is a libr>y4 ,! ability to use a libr>y is "o crit]ion ( successful college "w4 ,"h ! /ud5t ga!rs 8 own mat]ial1 uses 8 own discrim9ation1 =mulates 8 op9ions 9 ! light ( num]\s facts & op9ions1 & ga9s self-reliance4 ,x is ! sci5tific me?od1 z taught by ,socrates1 appli$ to all fields ( /udy4 ,?is is ! k9d ( "w t prep>es ! /ud5t to grapple ) ! practical problems ( ! day4 ,! op9ion t "s portion ( ! college "w %\ld be prescrib$ appe>s to be well f\nd$4 ,?is view is /r5g!n$ by ! fact t _m high s*ools are weak 9 "o or m dep>tm5ts ( prep>ation4 ,a m9imum ( requir$ "w 9 lead+ dep>tm5ts ( ! college w t5d to supply ! defici5cies ( previ\s tra9+4 ,f an inspection ( ! late/ college catalogues x appe>s t all colleges ex]cise "s k9d ( sup]vision ov] ! *oice ( /udies1 & _m ( !m prescribe & det]m9e ! ord] ( m ?an half ! curriculum4 ,9 *oice ( electives _m require ! gr\p sy/em1 9 ord] t consi/5cy may be ma9ta9$ & t a def9ite result 9 "s l9e ( "w may be rea*$4 ,! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 college & univ]sity "w is a v>iable1 & ! problem ( def9itely locat+ x is p]plex+ 9 ! extreme4 ,_m believe !y see signs ( segm5tation at ! end ( ! junior ye> & pr$ict t ! s5ior ye> w adh]e to ! graduate s*ool4 ,!re are _m evid5ces t some:]e along ! l9e ! p]iod ( g5]al education w be %ort5$1 & ! t5d5cy to specialize be=e ! end ( ! college c\rse is "o pro( t ! *ange is dem&$4 ,hi/orically ! college 9 ,am]ica /&s z a :ole = lib]al education1 b 9 its lat] developm5t ! /&>d has be5 advanc$ & ! p]iod ( pr(essional education has be5 l5g!n$ until ! problem pres5ts new phases dem&+ important readju/m5ts4 ,replies rec5tly receiv$ f _m in/itutions ( high] le>n+1 t\*+ ?is "q1 %[ a v>iety ( op9ions4 ,"o correspond5t pi?ily says1 8,v]ily1 we are a smatt]+ folk4 ,i believe bo? ! college & ! pr(essional c\rse %\ld be l5g!n$40 ,presid5t ,eliot advocates 8a ?ree ye>s' c\rse = ! ,a4,b41 )\t disguises or complications40 ,e/imat+ ! replies already receiv$ num]ically1 some?+ m ?an half favor "s k9d ( "t readju/m5t1 to ! end t ! p]iod cov]$ by ! college & ! pr(essional s*ool may be %ort5$ "o ye>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:ile def5d+ lib]al education1 x may be held t1 especially :ile a f\r ye>s' college c\rse is ma9ta9$1 x %\ld also look t[>d ! _w ( active influ5ce1 & ! fill+ ( "s vocation !re94 ,! /ud5t's duties t[>d society mu/ take on ! mod]n aspect1 z contra/$ ) ! self-c5tr$ int]e/ ( ! m$ival recluse4 ,t education %\ld aim at m]e s]5e enjoym5t ( ! ,true1 ! ,beautiful1 & ! ,good is an idea ( ! pa/4 ,! m]e recluse to-day has no mean+ & no use 9 ! _w4 ,educat$ m5 mu/ jo9 ! m>* ( progress2 !y mu/ take "p 9 ! solution ( e?ical problems1 9 ! bett]+ ( gov]nm5t & society4 ,! _w dem&s ( !m altruism1 public _s1 high ideals4 ,!y %\ld mass ! =ces ( ! pa/ = an onw>d movem5t 9 ! pres5t4 ,old k %\ld rea* out t[>d new & useful applications4 ,to ^! ends ! college %\ld provide = a deep] k ( "s subject or gr\p ( relat$ subjects4 ,?is is an ess5tial elem5t ( g5]al education1 & also has a practical aim4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! philosophical & social sci5ces %\ld f9d concrete illu/ration 9 ! pres5t4 ,& above all1 /ud5t life %\ld be inspir$ ) ideas ( ! duties & responsibilities ( citiz5%ip4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a public /atem5t has be5 made t ! s5iors ( a well-kn[n univ]sity h less intellectual vigor & less moral p[] ?an ! av]age man !y might meet on ! /reets4 ,if ! *>ge be true1 x is a matt] = s]i\s ?\ght1 b ! /atem5t %\ld be swall[$ ) a l>ge gra9 ( salt4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 s]ve z a text4 ,! college mu/ assume an am\nt ( responsibility = ! "* ( ! und]graduate /ud5t4 ,!re has be5 a natural reaction aga9/ "s ( ! unwise requirem5ts ( tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 b ! reaction may h gone too f>4 ,"o ( our fam\s univ]sities t5 ye>s ago adopt$ ! policy ( leav+ ! /ud5t to 8 own devices & ! moral re/ra9t ( ! policeman1 b ! plan 0 condemn$ by ! patrons ( ! in/itution1 & to-day x ex]cises a wise & fri5dly c>e ov] ! /ud5t's *oice ( /udies1 8 att5dance ^u lectures1 & 8 daily walk & conv]sation4 ,entire fre$om 9 /ud5t life belongs only to ! graduate s*ools1 & to place bo? und]graduate & graduate /ud5ts "u "o sy/em c b prove h>mful4 ,! e?ical problems ( college life are n to be solv$ :olly by p]functory religi\s ex]cises1 b by ! _s t p]vades ! :ole tea*+ & /ud5t body1 & by ! _m ways & means t ! unit$ ef=ts ( e>ne/ & devot$ faculties may employ4 ,x is a favorable circum/ance t ! /ud5t to an ext5t c *oose subjects 9 accord ) 8 ta/es2 t 8 p[]s may rea* out t[>d "s great intellectual int]e/4 ,t ! _s ( education is broad]1 m lib]al1 & sci5tific is significant2 ! fact makes = tru? & hone/y4 ,! hi/orical me?od succe$s ! dogmatic 9 hi/ory1 social sci5ce1 philosophy1 & e?ics4 ,m5 are bett] because !y are broad] & wis] & are com+ to a high] realization ( tru?4 ,no d\bt ! e?ical life has ! deepe/ significance = man4 ,! great ,fi*te 0 "r 9 claim+ t1 if ?is is m]ely a subjectively ph5om5al _w1 x is a necess>y creation ( m9d t we may h x :]e9 to "w & e?ically develop4 ,t in/itution w turn out ! be/ m5 :]e ! ,baconian philosophy is comb9$ ) ! ,platonic1 ! sci5tific ) ! ideal4 ,by "s means ! /ud5t %\ld con/antly come 9 contact ) /rong manhood & high ideals4 ,x makes a practical diff]5ce :e!r ! /ud5t believes 9 8 transc5d5t nature & possibilities or 9 m]e mat]ialism & utilit>ianism1 :e!r 8 e?ics is ideal or h$oni/ic1 8 view ( life optimi/ic or pessimi/ic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! "q is made di/9ct1 ,:at %\ld ! univ]sity d = ! /ud5t8--!re are "s additional consid]ations4 ,x is en\gh to say ( graduate c\rses t !y %\ld be a w>rant = ext5d$ & ?or\gh k ( a gr\p ( relat$ subjects1 & = orig9al p[] to grasp & deal ) difficult problems4 ,! c&idate's k & p[] %\ld be publicly te/$ by a good old-fa%ion$ exam9ation & def5ce ( !sis4 ,! univ]sity %\ld refuse to admit ! /ud5t to ! pr(essional s*ools until he has receiv$ at lea/ ! equival5t ( a complete high-s*ool education4 ,! faculties ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,colorado h made an inve/igation ( ! /&>d ( admission to ! pr(essional s*ools1 ! l5g? ( pr(essional c\rses1 & ! relation ( ! pr(essional c\rses to ! college4 ,! results are ( int]e/4#d ,v few s*ools ( appli$ sci5ce 9 ! univ]sities require f\r ye>s ( prep>ation4 ,only ?ree or f\r univ]sities require t /&>d = _! law or m$ical s*ools4 ,mo/ catalogues read aft] ?is fa%ion3 ,admission to law or m$ical s*ool--a college diploma1 or a high-s*ool diploma1 or a second-grade tea*]'s c]tificate1 or evid5ce ( fitness to pursue ! subject4 ,less ?an half ( ! law s*ools require entrance qualifications1 & only tw5ty ( !m require a ?ree ye>s' c\rse4 ,all m$ical s*ools advocate a ?or\gh sci5tific f\ndation1 _m ( !m 9 a v ideal way1 & urge ext5sive laboratory practice 9 _m special subjects4 ,! mo/ ( !m ?9k ! fir/ two ye>s ( a m$ical c\rse c\ld well be sp5t )\t cl9ical "w4 ,_m colleges & collegiate dep>tm5ts ( univ]sities provide electives t are accept$ by "s s*ools ( !ology1 law1 or m$ic9e = _! regul> fir/-ye> "w4 ,9 r>e in/ances1 /udies cov]+ two ye>s are made common to ! college & ! pr(essional s*ools4 ,b only a few univ]sities h )9 _! own organization a plan = %ort5+ ! p]iod ( college & pr(essional /udy4 ,! 8,report on ,legal ,education10 #ahic1 issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau ( ,education1 says3 8,admission to ! b> 9 all ,cont95tal 7,european7 c\ntries is obta9$ ?r\gh ! univ]sities :i* are pr(essional s*ools = ! f\r le>n$ pr(essions--!ology1 m$ic9e1 law1 & philosophy4 ,9 ,engl& & ,am]ica ! colleges & univ]sities are *iefly s*ools = g5]al culture2 only a few (f] provision = ?or\gh pr(essional /udies4 ,:ile 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica ! errone\s idea is /ill pr$om9ant t a collegiate education ne$ n necess>ily prec$e pr(essional /udy1 9 ,cont95tal ,europe x is made a conditio s9e qua non4 ,no "o m ne$s ?an ! lawy] ! p[] ( g5]al education to grasp all ! facts relat+ to a subject1 to weigh _! value1 disc>d ! uness5tial1 & give prom95ce to ! det]m9+ factors2 no "o m ne$s ! p[] to avoid fallacies & to argue intellig5tly sci5tific po9ts :i* may be involv$ 9 litigation4 ,no "o m ?an ! physician ne$s an acqua9tance ) psy*ology & philosophy1 ) ! v>i\s sci5ces & ! mod]n languages2 no "o m ne$s ! p[] ( judgm5t 9 view ( seem+ly contradictory facts & symptoms2 no "o m ne$s ! e?ical quality ( ! noble & honorable g5tleman4 ,let ! ,am]ican univ]sities ma9ta9 ! /&>ds :i* 9 !ory !y all are ready to advocate40 ,,footnotes3 #b ,read be=e ! ,national ,association ( ,city ,sup]9t5d5ts1 at ,jacksonville1 ,florida1 9 #ahif4 #c ,?is committee made its report 9 #ahii4 ,! committee recomm5d t any /udy1 includ$ 9 a giv5 li/ reg>d$ z suitable = ! second>y-s*ool p]iod1 & pursu$ "u approv$ conditions "o ye> ( f\r p]iods a week1 be reg>d$ z wor?y to c\nt t[>d admission to college2 !y recognize t n all second>y s*ools are equipp$ to (f] all ! subjects1 & t ! colleges w make _! own selections = admission2 !y recognize ! pr9ciple ( l>ge lib]ty to ! /ud5t 9 second>y s*ools1 b d n believe 9 unlimit$ election1 & !y emphasize ! importance ( c]ta9 con/ants 9 all second>y s*ools & 9 all requirem5ts = admission to college2 !y recomm5d t ^! con/ants be recogniz$ 9 ! foll[+ proportion3 ,f\r units 9 =eign languages 7no language accept$ 9 less ?an two units71 two units 9 ma!matics1 two 9 ,engli%1 "o 9 hi/ory1 & "o 9 sci5ce4 ,! ?irte5? annual conv5tion 7#aijj7 ( ! ,association ( ,colleges & ,prep>atory ,s*ools ( ! ,middle ,/ates & ,m>yl& pass$ resolutions urg+ ! e/abli%m5t ( a jo9t college-admission exam9ation bo>d to br+ ab\t an agreem5t ^u a uni=m /atem5t z to ea* subject requir$ by two or m colleges = admission1 to hold exam9ations1 & to issue c]tificates to be accept$ by ! ,middle-,/ate ,colleges4 ,at ! ,*>le/on meet+ ( ! ,n4 ,e4 ,a4 7#aijj7 ! foll[+ resolution 0 pass$3 8,resolv$1 ,t ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,second>y ,education & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,high] ,education ( ! ,national ,educational ,association comm5d ! ,report ( ! ,special ,committee on ,college-,entrance ,requirem5ts1 z af=d+ a basis = ! practical solution ( ! problem ( college admission1 & recomm5d ! ,report to ! att5tion ( ! colleges ( ! c\ntry40 #d ,dur+ ! f\r ye>s 7#ahif-aijj7 s9ce ?is inve/igation 0 made1 !re has be5 great progress ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! /&>d univ]sities n[ require at lea/ a high-s*ool education = admission to pr(essional s*ools1 & (f] f\r ye>s 9 m$ic9e & ?ree ye>s 9 law4 ,,univ]sity ,,ideals4#e ,to an ext5t a univ]sity mu/ repres5t ! philosophy ( a p at a giv5 epo*1 & _! political1 social1 & indu/rial t5d5cies4 ,x symbolizes ! /age ( civilization & spiritual insight4 ,! e?ical ne$ ( ! "t l$ to ! /udy ( philosophy 9 ,greece2 ! innate reg>d ( ! ,roman p = ju/ice & ! problems att5d+ ! developm5t ( ! ,empire emphasiz$ ! /udy ( law 9 ,rome2 ,*ri/ianity & ! influ5ce ( ! ,greek philosophy made !ology ! ideal ( ! ,middle ,ages2 ! developm5t ( ! inductive me?od places emphasis on physical sci5ce to-day2 ! indu/rial _s ( ,am]ica gives a practical turn to our high] education4 ,x is no m]e accid5t t ! ,engli% univ]sity is cons]vative & ari/ocratic & aims at g5]al culture1 t ! ,fr5* faculties are practical1 or t ! ,g]man univ]sities are sci5tific & democratic4 ,! diff]5ces 9 _s & me?od are det]m9$ by factors t belong to ! hi/ory & "* ( ! diff]5t peoples4 ,! colleges ( ,new ,engl& 7 f\nd$ on ! traditions ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 & embodi$ _! ideal & !ological aims & cons]vative me?od1 al?\gh !y naturally 7 m lib]al & democratic ?an ! p>5t in/itutions4 ,! hi/ory ( ! e>ly ,am]ican colleges has be5 v>i$1 b ! m successful ones h c]ta9ly become ca?olic & progressive4 ,z ! c\ntry grew & m5 pu%$ we/w>d1 leav+ tradition beh9d & develop+ m freely ! _s ( our advanc+ civilization1 ! conception ( a univ]sity1 9 t\* ) all ! p1 & sci5tific & free1 arose4 ,?us we h ! /ate univ]sity4 ,at ! same "t ! lead+ religi\s d5om9ations h vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 f\nd+ 9 ! new /ates colleges or univ]sities t are m or less d5om9ational 9 _s & aim4 ,! ,am]ican univ]sity ( to-day conta9s _m elem5ts4 ,broadly speak+1 x repres5ts ! ideals ( ! ,platonic philosophy1 ! direct inh]itance f ,engl&1 ! "* ( ! ,g]man univ]sity1 ! mod]n sci5tific me?od1 & ! practical dem&s ( ,am]ican civilization4 ,all ^! elem5ts are wov5 into ! web ( our national life4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 mu* div]sity4 ,ea* class ( univ]sities conta9s some?+ ( all ! ideals1 b ea* emphasizes c]ta9 ones4 ,! old] & l>g] d5om9ational s*ool is m ne>ly ! direct repres5tative ( ,engli% education1 b has made a great advance4 ,! /ate univ]sities repres5t ! p z su* & ! t5d5cies ( our civilization1 b 9 accord ) ! highe/ ideals4 ,!y m readily accept ! influ5ce ( ! ,g]man univ]sity4 ,! d5om9ational colleges scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ aim to p]petuate ! d5om9ational idea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,almo/ f ! f\ndation ( our ,gov]nm5t free elem5t>y s*ools h be5 reg>d$ z an ess5tial & *>act]i/ic "p ( our ,am]ican in/itutions4 ,!y became a logical necessity :5 our =efa!rs abjur$ ! ca/e & intol]ance ( ! ,old ,_w1 & ) prophetic insight proclaim$ ! era ( a new civilization 9 :i* ! welf>e ( ! /ate %\ld mean ! welf>e ( all ! p4 ,:ile ! idea ( education at ! exp5se ( ! /ate1 & "u its control1 0 e>ly accept$ 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry :i* has gradually influ5c$ ! :ole nation1 we ( to-day h witness$ a "p ( ! /ruggle to place on a p]man5t f\ndation ! mod]n sy/em ( high s*ools4 ,^! s*ools1 especially 9 ! ,we/1 n[ h an assur$ position & comm& ! confid5ce ( ! p4 ,! attempt to take ! next /ep & e/abli% /ate univ]sities 0 met ) d\bt & opposition4 ,at a comp>atively rec5t date1 h[ev]1 _m /ate univ]sities h come into prom95ce1 & to-day !y appe> 9 ! ma9 to be ! com+ in/itutions ( univ]sity tra9+ f ,ohio to ,oregon1 & f ,texas to ,montana4 ,"h is a developm5t t is rem>kable1 & we may well exam9e its significance4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! /ate univ]sity is ! logical outcome ( our democratic ideal t made ! public s*ools a necessity1 an outcome :i* naturally w\ld be fir/ realiz$ 9 ! new] /ates4 ,z ,am]ica furni%$ new & favorable conditions = ! developm5t ( civilization1 fre$ 9 "p f ! traditions ( ! ,old ,_w1 s ! new /ates ( ! ,we/ became ! field = a /ill m lib]al gr[? ( ! t5d5cies ( ! age4 ,!re is a recogniz$ t5d5cy 9 our in/itutions t[>d a broad] community ( int]e/s 9 respect to _m ?+s t affect ! common welf>e1 & 9 no way does ?is t5d5cy f9d a gr&] expression ?an 9 ! means = elevat+ ! p at ! exp5se ( ! p to a bett] citiz5%ip1 high] usefulness1 & wis] & nobl] manhood4 ,! safety ( ! /ate dep5ds ^u giv+ ! brighte/ & be/ ( all classes & conditions an opportunity to rise to ! surface ( affairs4 ,9 ,prussia1 ,switz]l&1 & ,italy a heal?y organization ( society is held to dep5d ^u public control ( bo? second>y & high] education4 ,engl&'s sy/em ( education t5ds to ma9ta9 social di/9ctions & an intellectual cons]vatism t are h>mful bo? to ! ari/ocracy & to ! common p4 ,education 9 ,g]many %[s its sup]iority 9 t x rea*es a l>g] numb] ( ! poor classes & develops great] fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,! public control ( education makes x democratic & progressive1 & /r5g!ns its influ5ce ) ! p4 ,x makes ! s*ol> a lead] 9 ! l9e ( advance indicat$ by ! ideals ( ! p4 ,9 ! ,am]ican /ate univ]sity1 m5 come toge!r z a faculty1 br++ ) !m tra9+ & educational ideals ga9$ 9 ! be/ univ]sities ( ! _w4 ,!y place !mselves 9 t\* ) ! public s*ools1 ! press1 & all ! /ate ag5cies ( influ5ce & control4 ,kn[+ ! ne$s & dem&s ( ! p1 !y take ! lead 9 ! l9e ( natural progress4 ,! /ate univ]sity is insep>ably l9k$ to ! /ate1 & mu/ c>ry ) x ! be/ influ5ces ( ! /ate1 & ?us ext5d its influ5ce to ! :ole p4 ,! great d5om9ational s*ools at fir/ repres5t$ homog5e\s elem5ts 9 ! national life4 ,h>v>d 0 ess5tially a /ate in/itution4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 8accord ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,commonweal? ( ,massa*usetts40 ,! p ( ,massa*usetts1 at t "t1 7 l>gely homog5e\s 9 race1 religion1 & love ( fre$om4 ,yale 0 f\nd$ p>tly on ! cons]vative ,congregationalism ( ,connecticut2 h5ce x repres5t$ ! mass ( p 9 t ,/ate4 ,pr9ceton 0 f\nd$ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,scot* & ,scot*-,iri% political & religi\s views 9 ! ,middle ,/ates1 b 0 s f> ca?olic z to enli/ ! sympa?y ( ! ,dut* & ! ,quak]s4 ,h[ev]1 x s]v$ a comp>atively homog5e\s p4 ,9 lat] ye>s ea* ( ^! univ]sities1 9 ord] to rea* l>ge numb]s ( p ma9ta9+ div]se views1 has be5 oblig$ to subord9ate specific sect>ian or d5om9ational elem5ts & emphasize only ! highe/ ideals common to its con/itu5cy4 ,! new] /ates ( ! ,we/ h a mix$ population ) het]og5e\s int]e/s4 ,h5ce x foll[s t n a d5om9ational s*ool1 b a /ate s*ool1 broad en\gh = all ! p1 alone c satisfy ! ne$ ( ea* /ate4 ,s9ce x is impossible to ma9ta9 a real univ]sity = ea* peculi> int]e/1 all mu/ unite to support "o in/itution1 an in/itution ma9ta9+ ! highe/ ideals common to humanity1 & specifically to our own civilization4 ,! ideals common to ! ,am]ican p are ample en\gh = an ideal univ]sity1 f\nd$ & ma9ta9$ by ! /ate4 ,h>v>d or ,pr9ceton may say3 8,we h done = ! /ate all t ! /ate univ]sity claims z its function40 ,!n let ea* /ate h a ,pr9ceton :i* f ! />t is assur$ ( an adequate f\ndation4 ,9 our ,we/]n /ates ! same reason t w\ld create "o d5om9ational college w\ld create 9 ea* /ate fifte5 or tw5ty4 ,! hi/ory ( ! _w nev] has se5 su* a dissipation ( educational en]gy z is n[ se5 9 ,am]ica1 & a sy/em ( /ate education :i* t5ds to correct ! evil m]its en?usia/ic support4 ,x may be add$ t ! /ate univ]sity exi/s 9 ! ,we/ because ! majority ( ! p are com+ to pref] t k9d ( in/itution4 ,we may say1 !n1 t ! /ate univ]sity repres5ts 7#a7 ! completion ( ! democratic ideal ( public education2 7#b7 ! unity ( progress amid/ div]sity ( view1 & ! mutual influ5ce ( ! k & p[] ( ! s*ol> & ! ideals ( ! p2 7#c7 ! broad plat=m ^u :i* ! het]og5e\s elem5ts ( ! /ate may unite 9 ! int]e/ ( high] education4 ,x is und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t ^! ?ree /atem5ts are n altoge!r mutually exclusive4 ,^! views ( ! raison d'tre ( ! /ate univ]sity lead directly to ! pres5tation 9 detail ( "s facts 9 its hi/ory & "s ( its aims1 %[+ t its ideals are practicable4 ,! /ate univ]sity virtually1 if n =mally1 is a "p ( ! public-s*ool sy/em4 ,z su* x holds a peculi> & influ5tial relation t[>d ! public high s*ools4 ,x furni%es tea*]s tra9$ 9 ! univ]sity 9 regul> & p$agogical c\rses4 ,x scrut9izes ! c\rses ( /udy & ! "* ( ! "w1 & =mally approves ! s*ools ( /&>d m]it4 ,x helps 9 e prud5t way ! influ5ce ( ! s*ool ) ! community4 ,by its fri5dly relation x may pres5t freely ! advantages ( high] education & ?us rea* a l>ge numb] :o w\ld o!rwise re/ at ! goal ( high-s*ool graduation4 ,9 e /ate1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! univ]sity1 ! numb] ( high s*ools is mat]ially increas$1 & _! /&>ds1 plan ( organization1 & me?ods are improv$4 ,moreov]1 x gives ! promise ( some?+ beyond t /imulates ! ef=ts ( pupils 9 e grade ( "w4 ,! connection betwe5 ! high s*ool & ! univ]sity /ill gives rise to tr\blesome problems1 n alone 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ideals ( ! old] ,am]ican univ]sity are (t5 at v>iance ) ! sy/ematic developm5t ( education bel[ ! univ]sity & ! dem&s ( ! p4 ,! /ate univ]sity has come ne>] ?an any o!r to ! solution4 ,:ile ,h>v>d & ,yale met ! gr[+ dem&s ( sci5ce by e/abli%+ sep>ate s*ools1 ,mi*igan introduc$ ! sci5tific c\rse into ! college1 mak+ x rank ) ! classical4 ,?is plan1 g5]ally adopt$ by ! /ate univ]sities1 places !m ne>ly 9 l9e ) ! natural developm5t ( ! public-s*ool sy/em4 ,! /ate univ]sities also %[ _! reg>d = popul> dem& by admitt+ special /ud5ts4 ,by (f]+ free tuition1 ! /ate univ]sity rea*es _m :o w\ld o!rwise fail to enjoy high] tra9+4 ,x t5ds to equalize ! conditions = ri* & poor 9 ! /ruggle = ! survival ( ! fitte/4 ,! /ate univ]sity1 z x develops & realizes its true function1 mu/ be ?or\ghly ca?olic 9 _s1 because x /&s = humanity1 tru?1 & progress4 ,n[h]e is ! pr(essor or ! s*ol> p]mitt$ to use su* intellectual fre$om z 9 ! /ate univ]sity 9 ,g]many1 & 9 ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts ! same fre$om w be all[$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,n only w ! free & inv5tive _s become *>act]i/ic1 b our ,we/]n univ]sities1 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! mo/ advanc$ ideas ( civilization1 mu/ furni% "s ( ! mo/ important contributions to ! /udy ( all social1 economic1 & e?ical problems4 ,9 ! /ate univ]sities ! m5tal & moral atmosph]e is heal?ful4 ,a /rong1 hone/ manhood is cultivat$4 ,!re all ideals are /rongly ma9ta9$1 n accord+ to a p>ticul> cre$1 b ) reg>d to all ! implications ( man's high] nature4 ,all influ5ces t5d to make citiz5s :o are 9 h>mony ) ! national _s4 ,an ext5d$ acqua9tance ) graduates ( v>i\s /ate univ]sities %[s t1 z a :ole1 !y are broad-m9d$ citiz5s1 loyal to ! public int]e/4 ,! relation ( ! religi\s d5om9ations to ! /ate univ]sity is "o t comm&s s]i\s att5tion4 ,! univ]sity says to ea* class ( p3 8,"h is an in/itution :i* is equally = ! advantage ( all--x is y\rs4 ,its plat=m1 f\nd$ on ideals ( tru?1 beauty1 & goodness1 is z broad z humanity4 ,s9ce !re mu/ be div]sity ( religi\s views1 e/abli% y\r !ological s*ools1 halls1 guilds1 or pr(essor%ips 9 ! vic9ity ( ! univ]sity1 &1 mak+ use ( :at ! /ate (f]s1 supplem5t 9 y\r own way ! "w ( ! /ate40 ,! plan is 9 ! highe/ degree economical2 x comb9es unity ( ef=t ) v>iety ( indep5d5t view2 x makes ! g5]al good & ! special int]e/ mutually helpful4 ,x is ! plan ( bus9ess common s5se & ( wise insight into ! problems ( ! age4 ,t ! d5om9ations--grant+ _! po9t ( view--%\ld jo9 _! int]e/ ) t ( ! /ate univ]sity is %[n also by ! fact t (t5 a giv5 d5om9ation f9ds m ( its /ud5ts !re ?an at its *ur* s*ool4 ,_m /ate univ]sities are beg9n+ to receive private end[m5t4 ,e consid]ation ( public int]e/ 9 ea* /ate %\ld turn ! contributions = education t[>d ! "o great c5tre ( le>n+4 ,v few /ates c support m ?an "o su* c5tre4 ,libr>ies1 art collections1 museums1 laboratories1 build+s1 well-end[$ *airs1 beautiful gr\nds1 %\ld te/ify to ! munific5ce ( private weal? z well z to ! b5efactions ( ! /ate4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ! /ate univ]sities h l>ge incomes & good facilities4 ,!y require high /&>ds = admission & graduation4 ,:]ev] feasible1 !y ma9ta9 pr(essional s*ools & s*ools ( appli$ sci5ce4 ,!y d ?is ^u ! !ory t ! /ate %\ld bo? regulate & provide pr(essional education 9 ! int]e/ ( prop] /&>ds1 & t1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! /ate & ( ! individual1 su* education %\ld be made available to ! sons ( ! poor4 ,e lead+ /ate univ]sity is develop+ a graduate s*ool4 ,9 ! matt] ( electives1 ! /ate univ]sity occupies a middle gr\nd4 ,yale & ,pr9ceton repres5t ! cons]vative side1 & ,h>v>d & ,/an=d ! lib]al extreme4 ,an exam9ation ( ! curricula ( t5 lead+ /ate univ]sities %[s t ! requirem5ts = admission are def9itely prescrib$1 al?\gh two or m c\rses are recogniz$2 t ab\t half ! college /udies are requir$1 :ile ! rema9+ half are (f]$ z gr\p or free electives4 ,! /ate univ]sities naturally %[ a t5d5cy t[>d ! ,g]man univ]sity sy/em4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,am]ica ! college has be5 frankly ma9ta9$ 9 accord ) ,platonic ideals4 ,a full r\nd$ manhood1 draw+ its p[] f ea* *ief s\rce ( k1 & prep>$ 9 a g5]al way = e practical activity1 has be5 ! aim4 ,! ,am]ican college is de> to ! p1 & x has done mu* to make /rong m5 :o h p[]fully influ5c$ ! nation4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 v>i\s t5d5cies :i* are likely to modify ! :ole organization ( ! ,am]ican univ]sity1 includ+ t ( ! college4 ,! rec5t t5d5cy t[>d free election1 rea*+ ev5 into ! high s*ool1 is a subject ( animat$ controv]sy4 ,?is t5d5cy ,i h frequ5tly discuss$ else:]e1 & mu/ /ill ma9ta9 t1 9 its extreme =m1 x is irrational4 ,"o univ]sity ( high /&+ makes x possible to ent] its academic dep>tm5t & graduate )\t ma!matics1 sci5ce1 or classics4 ,?is is an extreme t is n likely to be sanction$ by ! educational _w4 ,if !re is a human type ) *>act]i/ics by :i* x is def9$--*>act]i/ics :i* c be develop$ only by look+ t[>d ea* field ( k--!n a second>y & high] education :i* makes possible ! entire omission ( any important gr\p ( subjects is likely to prove a great wrong to ! av]age /ud5t4 ,accord+ to "s high educational au?orities1 no "o c be call$ lib]ally educat$ :o does n at lea/ possess k ( 7#a7 ma!matics & sci5ce1 7#b7 language & lit]ature1 7#c7 philosophy4 ,philosophy1 z x 0 9 ,greece & z x is 9 ,g]many1 may become a l>g] factor 9 our ,am]ican education4 ,!re is ano!r t5d5cy :i* is work+ t[>d an inevitable result4 ,! av]age ,am]ican /ud5t :o desires high] or pr(essional education w n sp5d f\r ye>s 9 high s*ool1 f\r ye>s 9 college1 & ?ree or f\r ye>s 9 a graduate or pr(essional s*ool4 ,!re is a movem5t to %ort5 9 "s mann] ! :ole c\rse ( education4 ,already _m colleges & collegiate dep>tm5ts ( univ]sities (f] electives t w c\nt = "o or two ye>s ( law1 m$ic9e1 or !ology4 ,already ! univ]sity sy/em 9 ! =m ( gr\p electives is introduc$ into ! la/ two ye>s ( college4 ,! outcome w probably be a gradual reorganization ( ! high-s*ool /udies & ^? ( ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s ( college4 ,! new curriculum %\ld lay = ! /ud5t a broad & firm f\ndation 9 k & p[] = all subsequ5t aptitudes4 ,^u ?is %\ld be built ! graduate s*ool1 ! pr(essional s*ool1 & p]haps ! s*ool ( te*nology4 ,9 ?is plan ! ,am]ican college ne$ n be lo/1 = ! ba*elor's degree c\ld be grant$ = a giv5 am\nt ( "w beyond ! college 9 ! graduate s*ool4 ,! claim t ! /ud5t %\ld beg9 univ]sity "w almo/ any:]e along ! l9e ( education1 be=e lay+ a complete f\ndation = a specialty1 appe>s absurd4 ,x may be add$ t only by p>tial reorganization ( our educational sy/em c ! admission /&>d to ! ,am]ican pr(essional s*ool ev] be made respectable4 ,! sci5tific _s--! t]m is us$ 9 ! broade/ s5se--9 all inve/igation & in/ruction is a mo/ enc\rag+ feature ( pres5t t5d5cies4 ,if ! ,am]ican pr(essor _c always be an orig9al inve/igator1 he may keep abrea/ ( inve/igation & imp>t its inspiration to ! /ud5t4 ,to ?is end ! ,lehrfreiheit1 fre$om 9 tea*+1 is necess>y4 ,x is a sad comm5t t ! _s ( ! inquisition has rec5tly appe>$ 9 a ,new ,engl& univ]sity4 ,! pr(essor's ?\ght mu/ n be prescrib$ = him by any cre$1 religi\s1 political1 or sci5tific4 ,( c\rse1 he mu/ /& on ! safe f\ndation ( ! pa/--he is n expect$ to so> 9 a balloon or leap ov] a precipice4 ,a rec5t "w on 8,! ,ideal ( ,univ]sities0 says3 8,we c di/+ui% f\r *ief curr5ts 9 ! !ology ( ! pres5t era3 7#a7 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic2 7#b7 ! ,prote/ant2 7#c7 t objective-hi/oric !ology :i* simply /ates ! orig9 & developm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e2 & 7#d7 ! inception ( a !ology bas$ ^u recogniz$ facts ( sci5ce1 ( human nature1 & ( hi/ory40 ,all philosophy ( nature & ( human nature mu/ become tru?-seek+--?is is a m]e truism4 ,no philosophy or belief c af=d to ma9ta9 any o!r attitude4 ,lead]s 9 ! or?odox *ur*es are tea*+ u ?is fact by _! be>+ t[>d new conceptions4 ,& we ne$ h no fe> ( ! outcome4 ,! highe/ ideals & hopes ( humanity w be confirm$ by ! mo/ ?or\gh inve/igation 9 :i* metaphysics %all use ! contribution ( e dep>tm5t ( objective & subjective sci5ce4 ,a c\rse 9 !ology1 sci5tific !ology1 %\ld be f\nd 9 e univ]sity1 includ+ ! /ate univ]sity--& "s d>e to ?9k ! latt] is ! place = x4 ,! facts ( man's high] intellectual & emotional life are ! mo/ important data = inve/igation4 ,! doctr9e ( ,l]nfreiheit1 ! fre$om ( ! /ud5t1 unhappily has be5 ignorantly appli$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x may prop]ly be employ$ = ! ,g]man univ]sity /ud5t at ! age ( tw5ty to tw5ty-five1 aft] 8 tra9+ 9 ! gymnasium1 b n to ! ,am]ican college /ud5t at ! age ( eighte5 to tw5ty-two4 ,9 ,am]ica x may apply to ! /ud5ts 9 ! graduate s*ool4 ,"s ,am]ican colleges h tri$ ! extreme !ory ( m5tal & moral fre$om = ! college /ud5t1 & h le>n$ f an unsatisfactory exp]i5ce ! lesson ( a wise cons]vatism4 ,! old /ruggle betwe5 sci5ce & ! humanities /ill goes on4 ,we mu/ adopt a view ( education :i* reg>ds ! nature ( man & its adaptation to ! :ole environm5t1 includ+ its hi/orical elem5t4 ,9 a ke5 analysis ( ! nature ( ?+s we %all n f9d ,greek & ,lat91 b we %all f9d !m hi/orically 9 our language & lit]ature1 & 9 ! g5]ic concepts ( our civilization4 ,h5ce !y are a necess>y "p ( any ext5d$ /udy ( language1 lit]ature1 or art4 ,we d n believe t ! practical t5d5cy ( ,am]ican education w de/roy our rev]5ce = :at ! ,g]mans call ! philosophical faculty 9 ! univ]sity4 ,! lib]al arts1 includ+ pure sci5ce1 are ! gems ( human culture1 & are giv5 a high value ev5 9 ! imag9ation ( ! ignorant4 ,! editor ( 8,! ,cosmopolitan0 draws a bold & some:at orig9al outl9e = mod]n education1 & x is 9 _m ways sugge/ive4 ,b ! au?or ov]looks :at e true s*ol> kn[s1 t ?or\gh sci5tific k ( pr9ciples mu/ rema9 ! fundam5tal "w ( education & ! sub/antial gr\nd ( progress 9 civilization4 ,a univ]sity c\rse may n consi/ *iefly ( lectures ^u prud5tial maxims1 su* z all mu/ le>n p>tly f exp]i5ce4 ,su* a !ory w\ld aw>d ! palm1 n to ,socrates1 b to ! ,sophi/s4 ,! tru? 9 all ! clamor = practical "w 9 ! college is t ! culture /udies mu/ be vivifi$ by clos] relation to ! real _w & to mod]n life4 ,little has be5 said ( :at is call$ ! graduate s*ool4 ,g]many cr$its u ) elev5 in/itutions t h ei!r rea*$ ! /&>d ( a g5u9e univ]sity or are rapidly approa*+ x4 ,( ^! elev51 five are /ate univ]sities4 ,?is e/imate1 ( c\rse1 is made 9 accord ) ! plan & /&>d ( ! ,g]man univ]sity4 ,x appe>s c]ta9 t 9 "t ! "n univ]sity 9 ,am]ica w be appli$ only to ^? in/itutions :i* ma9ta9 ! graduate s*ool & raise ! dignity ( ! pr(essional s*ools4 ,! univ]sity sy/em w develop freely 9 ?is c\ntry only aft] a some:at important reorganization ( our high] education4 ,! l9e mu/ be drawn m %>ply betwe5 f\ndation education & univ]sity "w1 ! :ole p]iod ( education mu/ be some:at %ort5$1 &1 9 mo/ ( our univ]sities1 ! graduate faculty mu/ be /r5g!n$4 ,t ^! *anges w be wr\ght1 & t we %all h a rapid developm5t ( ! g5u9e univ]sity is c]ta94 ,mu* is to be expect$ f our high] s*ol>%ip 9 _m l9es ( inve/igation4 ,9 ,am]ica1 m5 are solv+ problems ! exi/5ce ( :i* has only be5 dimly conceiv$ by ! masses ( p 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,inspir$ by our advanc$ conceptions ( gov]nm5t & society1 & by ! free1 inv5tive1 tru?-seek+ _s *>act]i/ic ( our p1 ! ,am]ican s*ol> w make lead+ contributions to ! _w's lit]ature ( sociology1 politics1 & sci5ce4 ,& :5 ! _s ( reality1 n[ sup]ficial1 ga9s a deep] insight into ! nature ( ?+s1 ,am]ica may yet lead ! _w 9 ^? inve/igations :i* belong to ! sph]e ( philosophy4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,read at ! ,national ,c\ncil ( ,education1 ,milwaukee1 ,july #f1 #ahig4 ,?is is "o ( ?ree pap]s on 8,univ]sity ,ideals0 !re pres5t$1 ! o!r two repres5t+ respectively ,pr9ceton & ,lel& ,/an=d1 ,jr4 ,! au?or 0 reque/$ to write on 8,/ate ,univ]sity ,ideals40 ,,g5]al ,,education ,,practical4 ,! possibilities ( education dep5d ^u inborn capacities1 b ! unfold+ ( !m is education4 ,a man ( l>ge capacity1 born among savages1 rema9s a savage1 an ,arab is a ,mohamm$an1 an ,engli%man is a ,*ri/ian1 a *ild among ?ieves is a ?ief1 a *ild 9 a home ( culture imbibes ref9em5t & tru?4 ,t5nyson1 9 ! int]ior ( ,africa1 w\ld n h develop$ 8 exquisite rhyme & rhy?m1 metaphor & v]se1 & poli% & sp>kle ( expression1 w\ld n h conceiv$ ?\ghts t p5etrate ! e>? & ! nature ( man1 & %oot upw>d to ! quiv]+ />s2 he w\ld h mus$ "u 8 palm tree1 & h f$1 p]haps some:at da9tily1 ^u unlucky mission>ies4 ,an ,african ( natural ability 9 ! homes ( ,massa*usetts1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,h>v>d1 w\ld become a man ( vigor\s ?\ght & f9e feel+1 possibly ( g5ius4 ,s9ce education is s pot5t1 :at %all ! nature ( x be8 ,%all k ( m\nta9 & =e/ & ! seasons1 & ! common s5se t gr[s f exp]i5ce1 & ! practical p[] to read & compute be suffici5t8 ,if all m9ds 7 equal1 if ! /ores ( wisdom 7 valueless1 if special inve/igators f\nd no?+ wor? reveal+1 if ?\ghts ( ma/] m9ds did n inspire1 if m51 l brutes1 7 gov]n$ by in/9cts & _h no possibilities beyond a c]ta9 physical skill1 ! education ( nature might suffice4 ,?is is a practical age1 & no picture too bright c be drawn ( ! advantages ( a high mat]ial civilization = bett]+ ! condition ( all classes ( m54 ,! necessity ( be+ an active factor 9 ! _w ( usefulness _c be too /rongly urg$4 ,b our mat]ial progress is dep5d5t ^u s\l activity4 ,?is activity is n\ri%$ by g5]al education4 ,s\l activity f9ds expression 9 a ?\s& practical ways4 ,we educate highly t ! man may h m p[]1 t he may h _m res\rces1 t he may d bett] :at he has to d1 & may n be dep5d5t on "o means ( support or "o set ( conditions4 ,x is n s mu* labor ) ! h&s z intellig5t directive p[] :i* is ne$$1 & ?is p[] is l>gely d]iv$ f g5]al education4 ,intellig5t m5 are intellig5t labor]s4 ,an educat$ man w le>n m quickly1 "w m successfully1 & atta9 a high] /&>d ?an ! ignorant artisan4 ,!ory tea*es & practice proves t 9 bus9ess & manual pursuits educat$ m5 br+ an intellig5ce to _! "w & accompli% results impossible = ! ignorant man2 t1 z a class1 !y av]age high 9 all practical activities4 ,!re %\ld be no ha/e to ent] a trade4 ,life is long en\gh to accompli% all t may be done1 & all ! prep>ation made = its duties is a wise economy4 ,x is h>dly necess>y "h to /ate ! inf]5ce t g5]al education is practical education4 ,! dem& = less ( g5]al education be=e ! special is prom95t4 ,?is dem& does n necess>ily imply t its au?ors believe !re is too mu* prep>ation = life "w2 inde$1 few ( !m w\ld wi% t prep>ation to be less2 !y w\ld simply *ange ! ratio betwe5 g5]al & special tra9+4 ,we believe t a critical exam9ation ( rational c\rses ( /udy 9 ! s*ools w\ld %[ t little ( ! "w c\ld well be omitt$2 t ne>ly all contributes t[>d ! end ( a well-r\nd$ education1 inde$ is necess>y to t end2 & t ! tra9+ ( faculty is only well begun at ! end ( ! high-s*ool c\rse4 ,ev5 ! /udy ( ! classics1 besides o!r incid5tal advantages1 tra9s ! critical p[]s1 ref9es ! ta/e1 & is 9 an important s5se a subjective /udy4 ,! inf]5ce is t1 ) less ( g5]al education1 ! =ces ( "o's be+ w\ld n be prop]ly tra9$ & m>%all$ = active s]vice 9 life4 ,if we def9e practical education z t :i* is capable ( be+ turn$ to use or acc\nt1 a high degree ( g5]al education be=e ! special is em95tly practical1 inasmu* z x broad5s & height5s a man's possibilities4 ,moreov]1 x is ( s]vice to all t ev5 a few %\ld be educat$ ideally4 ,su* education places ideals be=e m5 :i* t5d to elevate !m4 ,we _c easily e/imate ! value to ! _w ( a g5ius1 "o ( ^? m5 :o /& on nature's heights & see ) cle> vision1 & proclaim ! glories ( _! view to li/5+ m51 :o picture at lea/ feebly ! ?+s describ$4 ,!y are ! h]alds ( new ev5ts1 ! inspir]s ( progress4 ,a highly educat$ man1 ?\gh n a g5ius1 9 a way may occupy a simil> place1 & may repay by 8 influ5ce1 _m times1 9 practical ways1 ! exp5se ( 8 education4 ,societies ( labor]s are already beg9n+ to ascribe _! tr\bles 9 "p to lack ( education1 & are look+ to education z a means ( improv+ _! condition4 ,g5]al education is practical education4 ,:ile e boy %\ld be taught to e>n a liv+1 ?is %\ld n be done ne$lessly at ! exp5se ( ! high] developm5t ( ! faculties4 ,too mu* att5tion to ! practical dw>fs ! p[]s1 limits ! horizon1 & w result 9 ! de/ruction ( t _s :i* makes a /rong national "*4 ,!re is little ne$ to urge ! practical2 ! m imm$iate & obvi\s motives con/antly draw m5 t[>d x4 ,! ref9em5ts ( ! s\l are at fir/ less invit+2 !y are h>d to ga9 & easy to lose4 ,c>lyle says3 8,by our skill 9 ,me*anism1 x has come to pass t1 9 ! managem5t ( ext]nal ?+s1 we excel all o!r ages1 :ile 9 :atev] respects ! pure moral nature1 9 true dignity ( s\l & "*1 we are1 p]haps1 inf]ior to mo/ civiliz$ ages4444 ,! inf9ite1 absolute "* ( ,virtue has pass$ into a f9ite1 condition$ "o2 x is no long] a wor%ip ( ! ,beautiful & ,good1 b a calculation ( ! pr(itable4444 ,our true deity is ,me*anism4 ,x has subdu$ ext]nal nature = u1 & we ?9k x w d all o!r ?+s40 ,c>lyle possess$ a true insight :5 he p5n$ ^! words4 ,popul> dem&s t5d to make ! age m unpoetic ?an x is4 ,9 ?is age ! t\rney has be5 conv]t$ into a fair2 ! vision ( ! poet is obscur$ by ! smoke ( factories2 ,apollo no long] leads ! ,immortal ,n9e ^u ,p>nassus2 & we w\ld de?rone ! gods f ,olympus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m5 & peoples h made p]man5t contributions to ! _w's progress1 n by milit>y a*ievem5t or accumulation ( weal?1 b by ! some?+ bett] call$ culture4 ,! glory ( ! ,greeks lay n 9 _! civil w>s1 b 9 ! _s br\ght to ! def5ce ( _! c\ntry at ,!rmopyl2 n 9 ! co/ & use ( _! temples & /atu>y1 b 9 ! art t f\nd expression 9 !m2 n 9 _! comm]ce1 b 9 ! l(ty views ( _! philosoph]s & ! skill ( _! poets4 ,m5 admire t :i* ennobles1 )\t ?\ght ( price or utility1 & ! _w /ill dem&s lib]al education4 ,lit]ature & philosophy h mu* m 9 !m = ! av]age /ud5t ?an has yet be5 ga9$ f !m4 ,! /hetic side ( lit]ature is too (t5 condemn$ or neglect$4 ,!re is g5u9e education 9 all /hetic p[]1 ev5 9 ! l[] =m ( appreciation ( ! ludicr\s1 ! p[] to obs]ve f9e di/9ctions ( incongruity4 ,we say a ?+ is p]fectly ludicr\s1 p]fectly grotesque1 & !reby recognize ! art idea1 namely1 p]fection 9 execution4 ,man is always /riv+ to atta9 ! p]fect 9 "s =m1 & ! art idea is "o ( ! highe/ 9 ! field ( education4 ,art leans t[>d ! side ( feel+1 b is none ! less ri* & valuable = t4 ,%akespe>e furni%es "s ( ! highe/ types ( art 9 lit]ature4 ,! fl[ ( 8 v]se1 ! light beauty ( 8 sonnets1 ! boldness & wond]ful aptness ( 8 metaphors1 ! skill ( 8 developm5t1 ! ev]-v>y+ types1 ! humor1 ! joys1 ! sorr[s1 ! wisdom1 ! folly ( m51 ! cond5sation ( ev5ts & traits & exp]i5ces 9 individual types1 ! philosophical & prophetic insight1 ! arti/ic :ole ( 8 plays1 con/itute a ri* field ( education4 ,! ,go?ic ca!dral1 ) its po9t$ ar*1 its mullion$ w9d[1 tap]+ spire1 & upw>d-runn+ l9es1 indicat+ ! hope & aspiration ( ! middle ages1 ) its cruci=m %ape1 typical ( ! fai? ( ! ,*ri/ian1 is m ?an ! /one & mort> ( :i* x is con/ruct$4 ,! truly educat$ man 9 art p]ceives ! adaptation1 poli%1 & p]fection 9 lit]ature2 discov]s ! grace1 ! j proportions1 ! ideal =m & typical idea 9 sculpture2 views ! expression1 gr\p+1 s5tim5t1 color+1 & human passion 9 pa9t+2 enjoys ! h>monies1 movem5ts1 & ideas 9 music1 t comb9ation ( effects t makes subtile & evasive metaphors2 discov]s ! conv5tionaliz$ =ms & mute symbols1 ! 8froz5 music0 ( ar*itecture2 f9ds gr&eur 9 ! m\nta9s1 glory 9 ! sunset1 metaphors ( ?\ght 9 e =m ( nature2 laughs ) ! morn+ breeze1 f9ds /r5g? 9 ! giant oak1 & sorr[ 9 ! droop+ will[4 ,we ne$ ! ideal4 ,let u n p]mit ! mortal body to "l x too mu* ov] ! immortal _s4 ,! ideal man is ! purpose ( education & ! aim ( exi/5ce1 or life is n wor? liv+4 ,all mat]ial prosp]ity is naught except z contribut+ to t end4 ,sympa!tic spirits are call+ = m enlight5m5t & enjoym5t1 & leisure = ! labor+ classes4 ,!y believe t m5 %\ld be m5 z well z ma*9es1 & t1 if !y are educat$ ideally1 ! practical w take c>e ( itself4 ,if we reta9 our belief 9 ! high possibilities ( ! human s\l1 we %all h fai? 9 ideal education1 & %all confid5tly (f] e opportunity = ! highe/ developm5t possible ( ! *ild's p[] = k1 enjoym5t1 & action4 ,& let 8 developm5t be full & r\nd$4 ,let ! ro> ( ocean & ! s\gh ( ! p9es make music = 8 e>s z well z ! :ir ( factories2 let ! />ry heav5s speak to 8 s\l z vividly z ! electric lamp to 8 eye4 ,let u evolve f ! mat]ial pres5t ideals t %all /& 9 place ( ! vani%$ ones4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,an ,,ideal ,,life4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,an ,,ideal ,,life4 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,gospel ,,( ,,"w4 ,a g5tleman :o _h resid$ "s ye>s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica1 conv]s+ "o ev5+ ) fri5ds ^u a doctr9e ( happ9ess1 illu/rat$ 8 argum5t ) an anecdote4 ,a ,yankee liv+ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica obs]v$ t ! native bees _h no c>e = ! morr[4 ,he ?\ght to make a =tune by br++ h>d-work+ honey bees f ! ,nor? to ?is l& ( p]5nial fl[]s1 :]e !y c\ld /ore up honey ! ye> ar\nd1 & he tri$ ! exp]im5t4 ,! bees work$ eag]ly = a "t1 b soon discov]$ t !re 0 no w9t] 9 ?is p>adise1 & !y p]*$ on ! fl[]s & trees & doz$ ! livelong day4 ,our philosoph] assum$ t ! indol5t1 improvid5t life ( ! ignorant natives ( sunny climes is ! "o ( real happ9ess1 & t a life ( great activity is n to be desir$4 ,if 8 !ory holds1 !n ! savage "u 8 palm tree is happi] ?an ! civiliz$ man ( ! temp]ate zone1 ! monkey 9 ! tropical jungle is bett] (f ?an ! savage1 & ! clam is happie/ ( all4 ,an obs]vant travell]1 return+ by ! s\!rn r\te f ,cali=nia1 /udies ,indians ( v>i\s tribes at successive /ages ( ! j\rney4 ,ne> ! ,mohave des]t he sees abject be+s loaf+ ab\t ! railway /ation to beg f ! curi\s pass5g]s2 fur!r ea/ he sees self-respect+ r$ p (f]+ = sale pott]y or blankets--_! own h&iwork2 lat] he notes memb]s ( ano!r tribe work+ on railroad con/ruction by ! side ( :ite labor]s2 z he approa*es ! settl$ region he obs]ves yet o!rs :o h homes & f>ms & engage 9 civiliz$ indu/ry1 & 8 ?\ght runs along ! asc5d+ scale ( be+ until he contemplates ! highe/ en]gy ( ! mo/ cultur$ & =ceful m9ds ( our be/ civilization4 ,he in/9ctively decides t ! desirable life is on ! upp] scale ( intellig5ce1 feel+1 & action4 ,happ9ess ?r\gh "w is ! cre$ ( ! dawn+ c5tury4 ,! romance ( *ivalry gives place to ! poetry ( /eam2 democracy is tea*+ weal? & position ! dignity ( labor2 evolution & psy*ology %[ action to be ! consummate fl[] ( ?\ght & feel+2 rec5t lit]ature illu/rates ! gospel ( ef=t2 & religion reaffirms ! doctr9e t fai? )\t works is dead4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s philosophy def9es life to be 8! cont9u\s adju/m5t ( int]nal relations to ext]nal relations40 ,?is adju/m5t implies self-activity4 ,if man has be5 evolv$ ?r\gh a long p]iod ( *ange1 he is a survival ( ! fitte/ 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,8 ance/ral hi/ory is "o ( ex]tion1 8 p[]s h be5 develop$ by use1 he ma9ta9s himself by /riv+1 8 normal /ate is 9 ! field ( labor1 & logically x is !re 8 welf>e & happ9ess are f\nd4 ,max ,nordau wrote a book on 8,deg5]ation40 ,x conta9s mu* int]e/+ matt]1 _m :olesome sugge/ions1 & consid]able false !ory4 ,he claims t ! dem&s ( mod]n civilization place m5 "u too great a /ra91 t ! human race is t5d+ t[>d insanity1 & t by & by we %all /op our daily newspap]s1 remove ! telephones f our homes1 & return to a life ( great] simplicity4 ,x is true t t5sion nev] relax$ loses its spr+1 & worry kills1 b ! mo/ pot5t causes ( deg5]ation are false pleasures & lack ( heal?ful "w4 ,evolution's mo/ important e?ical maxim is t deadheads 9 society deg5]ate z d p>asites 9 ! l[] animal k+dom4 ,e idl] violates a great law ( 8 be+1 :i* dem&s t ?\ght & feel+ %all em]ge 9 action4 ,e class ( p has its idl]s1 m5 :o desire to possess )\t e>n+4 ,! aimless son ( weal? & ! tramp tread ! same pa?4 ,univ]sal int]e/ 9 hone/1 heal?ful employm5t w\ld cure ne>ly all ! evils ( society & /ate4 ,manual labor is ! fir/ moral lesson = ! /reet ,arab & ! crim9al1 & ! be/ cure = "s species ( insanity4 ,true *>ity does n give :5 x c provide ! *ance to e>n4 ,idl]s1 lack+ ! normal s\rce ( happ9ess1 seek h>mful pleasures1 & le>n soon] or lat] t = e silv] joy !y mu/ pay 9 gold5 sorr[4 ,false /imuli1 false excitem5t1 purposeless activities1 take ! place ( vocation4 ,tramps are n ! only vagabonds2 !re are m5tal & moral vagabonds :om a fix$ purpose1 a def9ite int]e/ & pr9ciples ( conduct w\ld turn f deg5]ation to reg5]ation4 ,balzac1 ) 8 ke5 analysis1 describes ! c>e] ( a graceless sp5d?rift :o1 f9ally we>y ( himself1 "o day resolv$ to give himself "s reason = liv+4 ,"u good influ5ces he took up a life ( regul>ity1 simplicity1 & usefulness1 & le>n$ t m5's happ9ess & san5ess ( m9d are proportionate to _! labors4 ,?is is ! great lesson ( ,goe!'s 8,fau/10 set 9 imp]i%able drama = ! in/ruction ( ! ages4 ,balzac's ,cur ( ,montegnac speaks to a rep5tant crim9al3 8,!re is no s9 beyond r$emption ?r\gh ! good works ( rep5tance4 ,= y1 "w mu/ be pray]4 ,! mona/]ies wept1 b act$ too2 !y pray$1 b !y civiliz$4 ,be y\rself a mona/]y "h40 ,rep5tance1 pray]1 "w--^! are ! way ( salvation4 ,e man ( broad m9d has full reg>d = ! problems ( labor & has fai? 9 a progress t %all mean bett] conditions = ! less =tunate1 b ,edw9 ,m>kham's 8,man ,) ! ,hoe10 z appli$1 n to special & extreme conditions ( h>d%ip1 b 9 g5]al to ! problems ( ! human race1 is wrong at ! f\ndation2 x is nei!r correct sci5ce1 good philosophy1 nor accurate hi/ory4 ,x is ! doctr9e ( ! fall ( man r ?an ( ! asc5t ( man2 x is ! doctr9e t labor is a curse4 ,)\t ! hoe ! human race w\ld be *impanzees1 savages1 tramps & crim9als4 ,9 human developm5t no useful labor ev] 8loos5$ & let d[n ! brutal jaw0 or 8slant$ back ! br[0 or 8blew out ! light )9 ! bra90 or depriv$ man ( 8 bir?right4 ,at a /age ( 8 progress1 by cultivat+ ! soil man ( necessity cultivates 8 s\l4 ,! hoe has be5 an indisp5sable in/rum5t to ! gr[? ( intellig5ce & morals1 has be5 ! great civiliz]--a means ( advance t[>d ,plato & ! div9e image4 ,h>d%ip may arre/ developm5t1 b seldom causes deg5]ation4 ,our problem is n to free f bondage to "w1 b to relieve ( burd5s t are too heavy1 & place a l>g] "p on ! %\ld]s ( ! /rong & selfi%4 ,our educational philosophy at times w&]s 9 dang]\s bypa?s1 b !re is a rec5t return to ! pla9 highway4 ,"s late notable utt]ances ma9ta9 t "* mu/ be =m$ by /ruggle1 t a good impulse mu/ prove its quality by a good act1 t education is self-ef=t1 & t passive reception ( k & rules ( conduct may make m5tal & moral paup]s4 ,"h is an apt ?ru/ f a tr5*ant p53 8,s(t p$agogics h tak5 ! place ( ! old /eep & rocky pa? to le>n+4 ,b f ?is lukew>m air ! brac+ oxyg5 ( ef=t is left out4 ,x is nons5se to suppose t e /ep 9 education c be int]e/+4 ,! fight+ impulse mu/ (t5 be appeal$ to40 ,i l to discov] philosophy 9 ! lit]ature ( ! day1 lit]ature :i* does n rank z sci5tific1 b conta9s half-consci\s1 incid5tal expression ( deep p]ceptions ( human nature4 ,kipl+ at 8 be/ s\nds great moral dep?s1 & tea*es ! lesson ( life's discipl9e4 ,he has a pla9 message = ,am]ica z %e takes h] new place 9 ! congress ( ! _w4 ,civiliz$ nations mu/ take up ! burd5 ( aid+ less favor$ peoples1 n = glory or ga91 b z an uncompromis+ duty )\t hope ( appreciation or rew>d4 ,we mu/ expect ! untaught races w weigh our ,god1 our religion1 & u by our e ^w & act 9 relation to !m4 ,we1 z a nation1 may no long] we> ! lightly pr(f]$ laurel1 b mu/ expect ! old]1 civiliz$ nations w judge u by our wisdom1 equity1 & success 9 dis*>ge ( our new responsibilities4 ,9 ,kipl+'s 8,mc,andrew's ,hymn0 _m ye>s ( h>d%ip1 /]nly borne 9 ob$i5ce to duty1 atone = missp5t days "u ! influ5ce ( ! s(t />s 9 ! velvet skies ( ! ,ori5t4 ,9 8,! ',ea!n0 ! au?or ref]s to ! native inhabitants ( ,india1 ^: mo/ famili> h\sehold words are 8n n[10 8to-morr[10 8wait a bit10 & ^: *ief traits are dirt9ess1 laz9ess1 & 8do9' ?+s r-m-or-less40 ,he describes ! raw ,engli% recruit1 pick$ out ( ! gutt]1 rec\nts ! /ages ( discipl9e t make him a good soldi]1 & f9ally a reliable non-commission$ (fic]--a man t1 return$ to 8 c\ntry1 w\ld prove a good & useful citiz54 8,! 'ea!n 9 'is bl9dness b[s d[n to wood 'an /one4 ',e don't obey no ord]s unless !y is 'is own2 ',e keeps 'is side arms awful3 'e leaves 'em all ab\t1 ,an' !n comes up ! regim5t an' pokes ! 'ea!n out4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! 'ea!n 9 'is bl9dness mu/ end :]e 'e began1 ,b ! backbone ( ! ,army is ! non-commission$ man40 8,l',envoi0 ( 8,! ,sev5 ,seas0 sugge/s ! cre$ ( a heal?y s\l3 to accept true criticism2 to f9d joy 9 "w2 to be hone/ 9 ! se>* = tru?2 to believe t all our labor is "u ,god1 ! ,s\rce ( all k & all good4 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son is great z a noveli/2 he is great] 9 8 brief writ+s & 8 lett]s4 ,he pres5ts "s pla9 tru?s ) attractive vigor4 ,he says3 8,to h suff]$1 nay1 to suff]1 sets a ke5 edge on :at rema9s ( ! agreeable4 ,?is is a great tru?1 & has to be le>n$ 9 ! fire4444 ,9 almo/ all circum/ances ! human s\l c play a fair "p4444 ,to me morals1 ! consci5ce1 ! affections1 & ! passions are1 ,i w own frankly & sweep+ly1 s inf9itely m important ?an ! o!r p>ts ( life1 t ,i conceive m5 r trifl]s :o become imm]s$ 9 ! latt]4 ,to me ! m$ic9e bottles on my *imney & ! blood 9 my h&k]*ief are accid5ts2 !y d n color my view ( life4444 ,we are n put "h to enjoy ourselves2 x 0 n ,god's purpose2 & ,i am prep>$ to argue x is n our s9c]e wi%4444 ,m5 d n want1 & ,i d n ?9k !y w\ld accept1 happ9ess2 :at !y live = is rivalry1 ef=t1 success4 ,gordon 0 happy 9 ,kh>t\m1 9 8 wor/ h\rs ( dang] & fatigue40 99 99 99 99 99 ,a c>toon ( ,glad/one1 appe>+ soon aft] he _h o/5sibly retir$ f public life1 %[$ him1 ) eag] look & ke5 eye1 writ+ vigor\s essays ^u curr5t political que/ions4 ,x recall$ ! gr&eur ( a life fill$ ) great int]e/s1 sane purposes1 & p]petual action4 ,biography is ! be/ s\rce ( practical ideals2 x is philosophy tea*+ by example2 ! p]sonal elem5t gives =ce to ab/ract tru?s4 ,lu!r's ,titanic p[] & c\rage "u ! inspiration ( a fai? t c\ld remove m\nta9s has s]v$ ! purpose ( millions ( m5 9 great crises4 ,7 ,i to seek an epic = its p[] to influ5ce1 ,i w\ld g to real hi/ory & *oose ! life ( ,william ! ,sil5t4 ,= ?irty ye>s ?is ,pr9ce ( ,orange /ood = civil & religi\s lib]ty 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 9 an age :5 m5 little und]/ood ! mean+ ( lib]ty4 ,he sacrific$ weal? & honors = 8 c\ntry4 ,9 spite ( rev]ses1 ( ! c[>dice & disloyalty ( 8 foll[]s1 ( ignorance ( ! v motives ( 8 action1 he p]sev]$4 ,?r\gh\t ! long /ruggle he 0 hopeful1 *e]ful1 & c\rage\s4 ,:5 ! celebrat$ ban appe>$1 b>r+ him f food1 wat]1 fire1 %elt]1 & human companion%ip1 sett+ a price on 8 head1 9 reply he pa9t$ 9 vivid colors a t]rible picture ( ! oppressors ( 8 p & held x up to ! view ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,! motives :i* su/a9$ him 7 fai? 9 ,god1 a /rong s5se ( duty1 & a deep feel+ ( patriotism4 ,8 biograph] says3 8,z long z he liv$ he 0 ! guid+-/> ( a :ole brave nation1 & :5 he di$ ! little *ildr5 cri$ 9 ! /reets40 ,he9e1 ! poet & philosoph]1 0 dy+ 9 an obscure attic 9 ,p>is4 ,he 0 wa/$ to a skeleton & 0 endur+ ! extremity ( human suff]+4 ,he c\ld see only dimly1 z ?r\gh a scre54 ,z he himself said1 !re 0 no?+ left ( him except 8 voice4 ,"u ^! almo/ impossible conditions1 he 0 /ill labori\sly writ+1 t he might leave a compet5ce to 8 wife4 ,a fri5d ( 8 e>li] days visit$ him1 & ?r\gh a long conv]sation 8 words sp>kl$ ) wit1 humor1 poetry1 & philosophy4 ,surely ! active _s is m ?an ! body6 ,!re 0 a feudal knight :o w5t ab\t say+ to all despond5t wayf>]s1 8,c\rage1 fri5d2 ! devil is dead60 & he always spoke ) su* *e]ful confid5ce t 8 li/5]s accept$ ! ann\ncem5t z good news1 & ga9$ fre% hope4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is ,philosophy ( ,"w is !re no place = romance8 ,%all !re be no ?rill+ adv5ture1 no?+ b dull duty & drudg]y8 ,%all we h only dead monotony--no color1 light1 or %ad[8 ,%all ,c>lyle's 8spl5dors high z ,heav50 & 8t]rors deep z ,hell0 no long] give a ze/ to life8 ,/ev5son's 8,lant]n ,be>]s0 has an answ] = ?is natural & ev] recurr5t "q4 ,9 a little village 9 ,engl&1 along ! s&s by ! sea1 "s s*oolboys 7 accu/om$ to sp5d _! autumn holidays4 ,at ! end ( ! season1 :5 ! ,septemb] nights 7 black1 ! boys w\ld pur*ase t9 bull's-eye lant]ns4 ,^! !y wore buckl$ to _! wai/s & conceal$ "u topcoats4 ,9 ! cold & d>kness ( ! night1 9 ! w9d & "u ! ra91 !y w\ld ga!r 9 a holl[ ( ! lonely s& drifts1 &1 disclos+ _! lant]ns1 w\ld engage 9 inconsequ5tial talk4 ,9 8 words3 8,! ess5ce ( ?is bliss 0 to walk by y\rself 9 ! black night2 ! slide %ut1 ! topcoat button$2 n a ray escap+1 :e!r to conduct y\r foot/eps or to make y\r glory public3 a m]e pill> ( d>kness 9 ! d>k2 & all ! :ile1 deep d[n 9 ! privacy ( y\r fool's he>t1 to "k t y _h a bull's-eye at y\r belt1 & to exult & s+ ov] ! k4444 ,ju/ice is n done to ! v]satility & ! unplumb$ *ildi%ness ( man's imag9ation4 ,8 life f )\t may seem b a rude m\nd ( mud2 !re w be "s gold5 *amb] at ! he>t ( x1 9 :i* he dwells delight$2 & = z d>k z 8 pa?way seems to ! obs]v]1 he w h "s k9d ( a bull's-eye at 8 belt4444 ,! gr\nd ( a man's joy is (t5 h>d to hit4 ,! obs]v] 7poor s\l1 ) 8 docum5ts67 is all abroad4 ,= to look at ! man is b to c\rt deception4 ,we %all see ! trunk f :i* he draws 8 n\ri%m5t2 b he himself is above & abroad 9 ! gre5 dome ( foliage1 humm$ ?r\gh by w9ds & ne/$ 9 by night+ales4 ,& ! true realism 7 t ( ! poets1 to climb up aft] him l a squirrel1 & cat* "s glimpse ( ! heav5 = :i* he lives4 ,& ! true realism1 always & ev]y:]e1 is t ( ! poets3 to f9d out :]e joy resides & give x a voice f> beyond s++4 ,= to miss ! joy is to miss all4 ,9 ! joy ( ! actors lies ! s5se ( any action1 t is ! explanation1 t ! excuse4 ,to "o :o has n ! secret ( ! lant]ns1 ! sc5e ^u ! l9ks is mean+less4 ,& h5ce ! haunt+ & truly spectral unreality ( reali/ic books40 ,?is quotation ne$s no excuse4 ,! m\ld ( human nature f :i* ?is copy 0 tak5 is =ev] brok51 & c nev] be reproduc$4 ,to be a lant]n-be>] on ! lonely hea?1 to rejoice 9 "w & /ruggle--?is is ! romance1 real1 atta9able1 & apt = ! _w z x is & = ! "w we mu/ d4 ,if irrational pa/ime1 att5d$ ) endurance1 may be a joy1 surely rational ef=t t[>d "s desir$ result may h its poetry4 ,sacrifice & h]oism are f\nd 9 humble homes2 commonplace labor has its dang]s & its victories2 & _m a man at 8 "w1 9 k ( ! light conceal$1 ! int]e/ he makes ( 8 vocation1 8 romance1 exults & s+s4 ,! _w is z we reg>d x4 ,_m look at ! _w z ,doctor ,holmes' squ9t-bra9$ memb] ( ! tea-table views ! plant k+dom4 ,he makes ! und]gr\nd1 d[nw>d-prob+ life ( ! tree ! real life4 ,! spread+ roots are a great octopus1 se>*+ b5ea? in/9ctively = food1 :ile ! bran*es & leaves are m]e t]m9al app5dages sway+ 9 ! air4 ,x is a horrible conception1 & we are pa9$ at /&+ on our heads4 ,! tree roots itself to ! e>? & draws its n\ri%m5t !refrom t x may spr+ heav5w>d1 & be> ri* fruit & be a ?+ ( beauty1 a lesson & a promise4 ,man is root$ to ! e>?1 b 8 real life spr+s into ! free air & ba!s 9 ! glad sunlight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! purpose ( our labor det]m9es its qualities ( tru? & heal?fulness4 ,satisfaction mu/ be s\ght by employ+ our faculties 9 ! useful arts & 9 ! se>* = tru?4 ,p]fection ( self is ! ultimate good = ea* individual1 b ?is is atta9$1 n 9 isolation1 b 9 social life ) its mutual obligations4 ,! lesson ( civil & religi\s lib]ty1 taught by ! great re=m]s1 has be5 only p>tly le>n$4 ,individualism1 rightly und]/ood1 is ! true political doctr9e1 b ! selfi%ness ( individual fre$om is ! fir/ quality to develop4 ,conc]n+ great public que/ions (t5 ! attitude is z express$ 9 ,balzac's words3 8,:at is t to me8 ,ea* = himself6 ,let ea* man m9d 8 own bus9ess60 ,democracy is ! way ( social & political progress1 b we h n yet rea*$ ! height ( cle> vision4 ,we are /ruggl+ up ! difficult & dang]\s pa?1 look+ hopefully upw>d1 ?9k+ we see ! summit1 only to f9d at ea* /age t ! ultimate heights are /ill beyond4 ,:5 k+s are de?ron$1 ! hope ( democracy is to en?rone public consci5ce4 ,"h is a picture ( a condition occasionally possible 9 any /ate ( ,am]ica to-day4 ,we w say !re is "s great public int]e/1 n a p>ty problem1 involv+ ! f9ancial prosp]ity & ! ess5tial welf>e ( ! /ate1 & affect+ its cr$it1 honor1 & reputation abroad4 ,&--) "s noble exceptions--p]haps n a m9i/] 9 8 pulpit1 n an orator on 8 plat=m1 n a newspap] ) its great opportunity = enlight5+ ! p & ex]t+ influ5ce1 n an educator1 n a college graduate1 n a high-s*ool graduate1 n a bus9ess man1 n a politician arises & says3 ,"h is a common good imp]ill$1 & ,i = "o w give ( my "t1 my en]gy1 &1 if ne$ be1 accord+ to my ability1 ( my money 9 its support4 ,s long z su* a /ate ( apa?y conc]n+ public que/ions may exi/1 !re is some?+ /ill to be desir$ = ! ideals ( democracy & = our me?ods ( education4 ,! ,platonic philosophy has l>gely inspir$ educational "w1 & mu/ /ill furni% its be/ ideals4 ,b emphasiz+ ! wor? ( ! individual to himself has creat$ a false conception ( social obligation4 ,culture = culture's sake has be5 ! maxim1 b ,i h come to believe t a culture :i* does n 9 "s way rea* out to b5efit o!rs is n ( mu* value to ! individual himself4 ,"s "o has aptly illu/rat$ ?is view3 probably ! drone 9 ! bee-hive1 :5 he is ab\t to be de/roy$1 w\ld say1 8,i w\ld l to live = life's sake1 & w\ld l to buzz a :ile long] = buzz's sake40 ,i w\ld see "y m5 & wom5 g out into ! _w ) a true democratic _s1 ) a ready sympa?y = all classes ( p1 & ) a helpful attitude t[>d all problems ( /ate & society4 ,! "w ( any public in/itution ( high] le>n+ is a failure 9 s f> z its graduates fail to honor ! /ate's claim on !m z citiz5s4 ,! great pr9ciple ( evolution is ! /ruggle = life2 !re is ano!r equally important pr9ciple1 namely1 ! /ruggle = ! life ( o!rs4 ,altruism1 dimly disclos$ away d[n on ! scale ( be+1 f9ally %9es =? 9 ! family & home 9 all ( ^? social s5tim5ts t make human "* beautiful & noble4 ,society is ! mirror 9 :i* ea* "o sees himself reflect$1 by :i* ea* atta9s self-consci\sness1 & becomes a human be+4 ,f cop]ation spr+ indu/ries1 comm]ce1 sci5ce1 lit]ature1 art--all t makes life wor? liv+4 ,if ! individual owes ev]y?+ to society1 he %\ld be will+ 9 "s small ways to repay "p ( ! debt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! great ,bism>ck1 t man ( iron & blood1 n giv5 to s5tim5tality1 9 fireside conv]sation repeat$ly proclaim$ t dur+ 8 long & ardu\s /ruggle = ! unification ( ,g]many he 0 su/a9$ by a s5se ( duty & fai? 9 ,god4 8,if ,i did n believe 9 a ,div9e ,provid5ce :i* has orda9$ ?is ,g]man nation to some?+ good & great1 ,i w\ld at once give up my trade z a /atesman4 ,if ,i _h n ! wond]ful basis ( religion1 ,i %\ld h turn$ my back to ! :ole c\rt40 ,"s "o has said t ! ess5ce ( pessimism is disbelief 9 ,god & man4 ,fe> is a k9d ( a!ism4 ,he9e once said3 8,god 0 always ! beg9n+ & end ( my ?\ght4 ,:5 ,i he> ,8 exi/5ce que/ion$ ,i feel a gha/ly =lornness 9 a mad _w40 ,! inspiration ( labor is fai? 9 ,god1 fai? 9 man1 fai? 9 ! moral ord] ( ! _w1 fai? 9 progress4 ,! religi\s man %\ld h a sane view ( life1 %\ld h convictions1 & ! c\rage ( 8 convictions4 ,he %\ld believe t 8 "w all c\nts t[>d "s great purpose4 ,! impulse to rev]5ce & pray] is an ess5tial fact1 z real z ! inborn t5d5cy to physical & m5tal action4 ,its developm5t is necess>y to ! complete man4 ,! religi\s nature obeys ! great law ( p[] ?r\gh ef=t1 & increases /r5g? by use4 ,he :o by sci5tific analysis comes to d\bt ! value ( 8 e?ical feel+ has n le>n$ ! ess5tial tru? ( philosophy1 namely1 t a ?+'s orig9 mu/ n be mi/ak5 = its "*4 ,"s t5d5cies ( ! be/ sci5tific ?\ght ( to-day1 se5 "h & !re1 confirm ?is view ( man's nature4 ,"h are "s fragm5ts1 express$1 n lit]ally1 b 9 sub/ance3 ,x is ! bus9ess ( sci5ce to analyze ! entire cont5t ( human consci\sness into atomic s5sations1 b !re its "w ends4 ,! man ( hi/ory1 ( fre$om & responsibility1 ^: de$s we approve or disapprove1 is ! real man1 a be+ ( transc5d5t wor?1 aspir+ t[>d p]fect ideals2 & ! tea*] mu/ c>ry ?is conception ( ! *ild's nature into ! "w ( education4 ,x is a sci5tific fact t pray] is = ! heal? ( ! s\l4 ,x is useless to !orize on ! subject--m5 pray because x is _! nature2 !y c n help x4 ,ev5 if pray] does n *ange ! w ( ,god1 at lea/ x does *ange ! w ( man1 :i* may be ! object ( pray]4 ,! ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce %[s t pray] is a communion ( man's _s ) ,god1 ! ,_s4 ,john ,fiske affirms ! reality ( religion4 ,he argues t ! progress ( life has be5 a*iev$ ?r\gh adju/m5t to ext]nal realities2 t ! religi\s idea has play$ a dom9ant "p 9 hi/ory2 t all ! analogies ( evolution %[ t man's religi\s nature _c be an adju/m5t to an ext]nal non-reality4 ,he says3 8,( all ! implications ( ! doctr9e ( evolution ) reg>d to ,man1 ,i believe ! v deepe/ & /ronge/ to be t :i* ass]ts ! ,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion40 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is message to /ud5ts we h emphasiz$ a p>ticul> ideal1 namely1 normal activity1 because "o's own ef=t & exp]i5ce c\nt mo/ = gr[? & p[]4 8,x 0 bett] y\? ,%\ld /rive1 ?r\gh acts unc\?1 ,t[>d mak+1 ?an repose on aught f\nd made40 ,/ud5ts are at an age :5 to !m ! roses nod & ! />s seem to w9k4 ,_! m5tal l&scape is fill$ ) budd+ fl[]s1 s++ birds1 & rosy dawns4 ,e "o has a "r to consid] 8 own p]fection & enjoym5t1 8 own emotions4 ,"o is bett] = 8 heal?ful recreations1 8 aspirations & ideals1 8 p]ceptions ( beauty & 8 div9e commun+s--! sweetness & light ( ! s\l4 ,we c only ask t ! ma9 purpose & tr5d ( life may be labori\s & useful1 ev5 /r5u\s & successful4 ,l[ell wrote ( ! pione]s :o settl$ ,new ,engl& t !y 7 m5 8,:o pit*$ a /ate z o!r m5 pit* t5ts1 ,& l$ ! m>* ( "t to great ev5ts40 ,! pione]s ( ?is ,commonweal? 7 m5 :o "h pit*$ a /ate z o!r m5 pit* t5ts1 & are lead+ ! m>* ( "t to great ev5ts4 ,! age1 ,am]ica1 (f] great opportunities to educat$ "y m5 & wom54 ,use !m ) c\rage4 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv4 ( ,france once ga9$ a great victory at ,arques4 ,aft] ! battle1 z he 0 lead+ 8 troops t[>d ,p>is1 he met "o ( 8 g5]als com+ up late ) a deta*m5t ( ! army1 & ?us greet$ him1 8,g hang y\rself1 brave ,crillon6 ,we f\ght at ,arques & y 7 n !re10 z ?\gh ! greate/ privilege 9 life 7 an opportunity to cont5d & w9 = "o's self a victory4 ,a few ye>s ago ,i w5t to ,ayr1 ! bir?place ( ,burns4 ,i visit$ ! poet's cottage1 walk$ by ! ,all[ay ,kirk :]e ,tam o' ,%ant] beheld ! wit* dance1 cross$ ! ,auld ,brig & w&]$ by ! banks & braes o' bonny ,doon--& x is a beautiful /ream4 ,i f\nd myself repeat+ l9es f 8,tam o' ,%ant]10 8,bonny ,doon10 8,scots ,:a ,hae wi' ,wallace ,bl$10 & f "s ( ! sweet] & nobl] songs ( ,burns4 ,& ,i ?\ght ( ! mission ( ! poet4 ,! sc5]y 9 & ab\t ,ayr is beautiful1 b !re is _m ano!r region equally attractive4 ,! p ) :om ,burns dwelt1 8 neighbors & fri5ds1 7 commonplace m5 & wom51 kn[+ ! h>d%ips1 ! drudg]y1 ! pett9ess ( life4 ,& yet he s sang ( ^! sc5es & ^! p1 s t\*$ e *ord ( ! human he>t1 t annually ?irty ?\s& travell]s visit ,ayr to pay _! homage at ! poet's %r9e4 ,! poetic view ( life is ! "r "o4 ,! poet sees ! reality 9 ! commonplace4 ,our surr\nd+s are fill$ ) wond]ful & v>i$ beauty :5 we op5 our eyes to ! tru?4 ,our fri5ds & companions are spl5did m5 & wom5 :5 we see !m at _! wor?4 ,= happ9ess z well z success add poetry to h]oism4 8,! ,inscrutable :o set ?is orb a:irl ,gave p[] to /r5g? t ef=t might atta92 ,gave p[] to wit t k might direct2 ,& s ) p5alties1 inc5tives1 ga9s1 ,limits1 & comp5sations intricate1 ,he d[]$ ?is e>?1 t man %\ld nev] re/ ,save z 8 ,mak]'s w be c>ri$ out4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is no easy1 une>n$ joy on e>? ,save :at ,god gives--! lu/9ess ( y\?1 ,& love's de> pangs4 ,all o!r joys we ga9 ,by /riv+1 & s qualifi$ we are ,t ef=t's ze/ our ne$ z mu* consoles ,z ef=t's ga94 ,bo? issues are our due4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bett] :5 "w is pa/ ,back into du/ dissolve & help a se$ ,climb upw>d1 ?an ) /r5g? /ill full ,d5y to ,god ,8 claim & ?w>t ,8 wi%40 ,,! ,,psy*ology ,,( ,,fai?4 ,m>k ,twa9 quotes a s*oolboy z say+3 8,fai? is believ+ :at y "k a9't s40 ,?is def9ition is turn$ f humor into s]i\sness by "s mod]n ?9k]s :5 !y *>ge immorality aga9/ all ^: beliefs are n sci5tifically e/abli%$ on suffici5t evid5ce4 ,!y look ^u :at !y consid] unw>rant$ beliefs z a species ( ly+ to "o's self1 demoraliz+ to intellect & "*4 ,if no elem5t ( fai? may any:]e be tol]at$1 ^! same ?9k]s %\ld rexam9e _! own f\ndations4 ,! only ?or\gh agno/ic 9 hi/ory or lit]ature1 agno/ic ev5 t[>d 8 own agno/icism1 is ,*>les ,k+sley's ,raphael ,ab5-,ezra4 ,let u li/5 to him4 8,"h am ,i1 at la/6 fairly & safely l&$ at ! v bottom ( ! bottomless4444 ,no man1 angel or demon c ?is day ca/ x 9 my tee? t ,i am weak en\gh to believe or disbelieve any ph5om5on or !ory 9 or conc]n+ heav5 or e>?2 or ev5 t any su* heav51 e>?1 ph5om5a or !ories exi/--or o!rwise40 ,9 a la/ analysis our v f\ndation pr9ciples re/ on a gr\nd ( fai?1 & a cle> k ( ?is fact may make u m humble 9 ! pres5ce ( o!r claims on our belief4 ,:5ev] ! adv5tur\s philosophic m9d gazes ov] ! dizzy edge at ! 8bottomless10 x draws back & ga9s a firm foot+ on ! reality ( consci\s ideas4 ,to ab&on ?is is annihilation4 ,ye>s ago an old fri5d ( m9e1 v wor?y1 b some:at self-op9ion$ & trucul5t1 9 a discussion on religi\s ?\ght exclaim$3 8,:at6 believe 9 any?+ ,i c't see1 t\*1 he>1 smell1 ta/e8 ,no1 sir60 ,he repres5t$ ! un$ucat$ in/9ctive belief 9 ! reality ( ! out] _w z reveal$ ?r\gh ! s5ses2 & he w\ld h viol5tly affirm$ ! reliability ( ! s5ses & ! exi/5ce ( mat]ial ?+s4 ,b philosophy %[s ^! also to be ( fai?4 ,_h he be5 ask$ :e!r he _h a k ( space & "t & ( c]ta9 indisputable facts conc]n+ !m1 & :e!r he c\ld see or he> ^! entities & intuitive tru?s1 he w\ld h paus$ to ?9k4 ,! axioms ( ma!matics w\ld h be5 a v]itable ,socratic pos] to him1 & he w\ld h )drawn f 8 position--w\ld h ackn[l$g$ "s tru?s z m c]ta91 by ! nature & ne$ ( ! m9d1 ?an ! exi/5ce ( matt]4 ,! mod]n sci5ti/ = practical purposes po/ulates ! exi/5ce ( consci\s ideas1 ( ! out] mat]ial _w1 ( space & "t4 ,he accepts axiomatic tru?s4 ,he goes f>!r2 he po/ulates ! uni=mity ( nature1 & ! validity ( 8 reason+ processes4 ,he discov]s natural laws1 & prop\nds !ories conc]n+ !m4 ,he inve/igates ! physical correlates ( m5tal processes4 ,he has 8 favorite hypo!ses conc]n+ ph5om5a t defy 8 p[]s ( analysis4 ,he %[s ! process ( ! _w z a :ole to be evolution4 ,s f> we h no controv]sy & %\ld h none1 did n "s em95t inve/igators 9 ! field ( natural sci5ce claim to h cov]$ ! entire realm ( legitimate inquiry1 & d5y ! "r to raise fur!r que/ions or ent]ta9 beliefs1 h[ev] /rongly !y may be prompt$ by our v con/itution1 conc]n+ ! orig9 & end ( ?+s1 ! mean+ ( ! _w1 & man's place 9 x4 ,to ! well-r\nd$ nature1 fai? is n necess>ily limit$ to ! physical _w1 & ! cr$ulity impli$ 9 unw>rant$ d5ial is at lea/ z unsci5tific z positive fai?4 ,human nature rebels aga9/ conclusions :olly discordant ) its be/ in/9cts1 &1 9 ! light ( ! mo/ rec5t data & speculation1 beg9s anew a discussion z old z philosophy4 ,! subject is all ! m important1 because ! un$ucat$ m9d1 misl$ by sup]ficial cat* phrases ( mat]ialism1 fails to "k ! rev]5t _s ( true sci5ce4 ,"h is an illu/ration relat+ to ! g5]al !me4 ,a prom95t biologi/ puts ?is /atem5t be=e ! read+ public3 8,!re is no ego except t :i* arises f ! cord9ation ( ! n]ve cells40 ,i might take ! contr>y ( ! proposition & reply3 8,!re is an ego n adequately describ$ by y\r #8colonial consci\sness' !ory40 ,reg>d+ ea* position z dogmatic1 p]haps m9e is z good z ! biologi/'s4 ,z to evid5ce1 he f\nds 8 belief on ! g5]al fact ( evolution & specifically ^u ! functions1 p>tly kn[n1 p>tly conjectur$1 ( n]ve cells 9 ! bra94 ,he has no k t a unit-be+ call$ ! ego does n exi/4 ,8 is ! fai? ( d5ial ( some?+ :i* f 8 /&po9t he c nei!r prove nor disprove4 ,i also accept ! facts ( evolution & ( ! me*anism ( ! bra94 ,i base my belief 9 ! ego on c]ta9 views ( o!r biologi/s1 & on data ( consci\sness1 morality1 & religion1 & ! insight ( all subjective philosophy4 ,my fai? is "o ( ass5t to some?+ n admitt+ demon/rative pro(4 ,h ,i suffici5t reason = my fai? 9 pass+ beyond ! inductions ( mat]ial sci5ce8 99 99 99 99 99 ,we pres5t "s late/ views ( em95t biologi/s4 ,:ile evolution mu/ be accept$ z a fact1 !re is great unc]ta9ty z to ! factors t produce *anges 9 ! organic _w4 ,to-day !re is small evid5ce t v>iations are produc$ by direct influ5ce ( environm5t4 ,9 ! g]m is ! 8:ole ma*9]y & ! my/]y ( h]$ity40 ,s9ce ! microscope fails to reveal ! causes1 ei!r ( normal developm5t or ( v>iations1 "s are =c$ to accept1 z ! simple/ & mo/ rational hypo!sis1 ! exi/5ce ( a psy*ic pr9ciple 9 ! g]m4 ,! facts appe> to support ! doctr9e ( purpose 9 evolution4 ,s e>ne/ & able a ?9k] z ,pr(essor ,le,conte frankly affirms3 8,) ! appe>ance ( ,man ano!r factor 0 introduc$1 namely1 consci\s cop]ation 9 8 own evolution1 /riv+ to atta9 an ideal40 ,pr(essor ,mu5/]b]g is ( high au?ority 9 exp]im5tal psy*ology & besides has a ke5 philosophic m9d4 ,8 pap] entitl$ 8,psy*ology & ! ,real ,life0 is in/ructive & significant4 ,he %[s t x is ! bus9ess ( psy*ology to analyze ! ideas & emotions1 ! :ole cont5t ( consci\sness1 into s5sations1 to inve/igate ! :ole psy*ological me*anism1 b t ! prim>y reality is n a possible object ( psy*ology & natural sci5ce4 ,by 8 view x takes an act ( free w to decl>e ! w unfree2 !re c be no sci5ce1 ?\ght1 or d\bt t is n ! *ild ( duties2 ev5 skeptical d5ial dem&s to be reg>d$ z absolute tru?2 !re is a tru?1 a beauty1 a morality indep5d5t ( psy*ological conditions2 psy*ology is ! la/ ^w ( a mat]iali/ic c5tury1 x may become ! introductory ^w ( an ideali/ic c5tury4 ,8 views are ma9ta9$ ) =ce & p[] ( conviction4 ,b ^! ref]5ces are only incid5tal to ! purpose ( ?is discussion4 ,!y may s]ve to %[ 7#a7 t sci5ce has no real pro( aga9/ ! dictum1 8,evolution is ,god's way ( do+ ?+s20 7#b7 t on ! contr>y x may support ! spiritual view ( ! _w2 7#c7 t !re are gr\nds ( fai? ) :i* sci5ce prop]ly has no bus9ess4 99 99 99 99 99 ,evolution is accord+ to nature's laws4 ,man is a product ( evolution4 ,man possesses poetry & s5tim5t1 conceives ! beauty ( hol9ess1 & has speculative reason4 ,none ( ^! c prop]ly be expla9$ by m]ely mat]iali/ic evolution2 !y are n necess>y to pres]vation ( life4 ,we h tri$ to :olly acc\nt = ! ideals1 emotions1 & aspirations ( human nature by analyz+ !m into primitive s5sations & in/9cts4 ,?is is ! fatal error ( mat]iali/ic philosophy4 ,! process ( evolution is n analysis2 x is syn!sis1 developm5t1 ! appe>ance ( new factors--a gradual revelation4 ,x is our bus9ess to analyze1 b1 also1 to try to und]/& ! high] complex1 ! p]fect$ product4 ,! fir/ /& ( spiritual philosophy is fai? 9 ! validity ( our own evolv$ be+1 & to ?is we h z mu* "r z to fai? 9 ! reliability ( our five s5ses4 ,! geologi/ might say3 ,to me ! gr&eur ( ! m\nta9 means no?+2 ,i "k h[ x 0 made4 ,! cool+ & contraction ( ! e>?1 ! cru%+ & uplift+ ( /rata1 ! action ( air1 w9d1 & wat]1 ! sculptur+ ( "t1 ! plant+ ( vegetation by a *ance breeze--& y h y\r m\nta91 a ?+ ( sci5ce4 ,yet ,col]idge1 /&+ 9 ! vale ( ,*am\nix & gaz+ on ,mont ,blanc1 8,till ! dilat+ ,s\l1 enrapt1 transfus$1 ,into ! mighty ,vision pass+--!re1 ,z 9 h] natural =m1 swell$ va/ to ,heav510 f\nd x an emblem ( sublimity1 a voice f ! ?rone ( ,god4 ,we %all f9d x h>d to believe t ! poetry ( sci5ce c be expla9$ on a m]ely physical basis4 ,"o may say3 ,! religi\s s5tim5t means no?+ to me2 ,i "k its orig92 x is ! result ( bad dreams4 ,a primitive ance/or1 aft] a successful hunt1 ate too mu* raw meat & dream$ ( 8 gr&fa!r4 ,?us arose ! belief 9 disembodi$ spirits & a :ole tra9 ( false conceptions4 ,yet we %all h>dly grant t ! religi\s feel+ ( ! m>tyrs1 :i* enabl$ ! exalt$ _s to lose ! s5se ( unutt]able physical torture1 is adequately expla9$ by ! dream hypo!sis4 ,a ,bee?ov5 /r+ or*e/ra1 to ! musical m9d1 disc\rses mo/ excell5t music4 ,x is a connect$ s]ies ( sublimat$ & elusive metaphors1 ar\s+ ! h>monies ( ! s\l1 t\*+ its *ords ( sweetness1 purity1 beauty1 & nobility4 ,yet !re are m9ds t f9d 9 x no?+--p>don ! quotation--b ! friction ( horsehair on catgut4 ,!re are m9ds to :i* ^! gr& m\nta9s1 ?is deep sky1 ^! groves ( p9e are no?+ b rock & vapor & wood4 ,! elem5ts make no sweet tones = !m2 !y c n he> ! music ( ! sph]es4 ,to !m honor1 c\rage1 morality1 beauty1 religion1 are b ref9$ =ms ( crude animal in/9cts1 by aid ( :i* ! race has surviv$ 9 its /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,!re are no s\l h>monies--no?+ b ! beat+ ( ! primitive tom-tom4 ,!y believe no?+ :i* c n be v]ifi$ by ! me?ods ( physical sci5ce4 ,!y h no fai?4 ,h[ _m a man ( sci5ce1 on "s slight h9t po9t+ 9 a giv5 direction1 ) fai? & c\rage has pursu$ 8 inve/igations1 adopt+ hypo!sis aft] hypo!sis1 reject+1 adju/+1 ! _w mean:ile laugh+ at 8 folly & cr$ulity1 until he has discov]$ & proclaim$ a great tru?4 ,:5 9 ! _w ( m9d we f9d ph5om5a call+ = explanation1 ne$s t c be met 9 only a c]ta9 way1 high] impulses rea*+ out t[>d objects ^: exi/5ce !y prove & ^: nature !y def9e1 %all we %[ less fai? & c\rage because ( "s dogmatic view t !re is no reality beyond ! _w ( mat]ial exi/5ce8 ,9 ?is univ]se ( my/]y1 any?+ may be suppos$ possible = :i* !re is evid5ce1 & any !ory is rational t w be/ expla9 ! facts4 ,if we h n ! s5se to und]/& ! deepe/ conceptions ( philosophy1 let u at lea/ h ! s5se to /ick to t common s5se ) :i* ,god has end[$ u 9 ord] t we may "k by fai? ! supreme tru?s conc]n+ man4 ,some:]e & someh[ 9 ! nature ( ?+s is an ideal t made u z we are--an ideal t is adequate to our nature1 ne$1 & conception4 ,god at ! beg9n+ & ,god at ! end ( ! natural _w1 & ! _w ( consci\sness seems a po/ulate t is necess>y & w>rant$4 ,pr(essor ,james writes ( an old lady :o believ$ t ! _w re/s on a great rock1 & t ! fir/ rock re/s on a rock2 be+ urg$ fur!r1 %e exclaim$ t x 0 rocky all up & d[n4 ,unless we po/ulate a spiritual f\ndation ( ?+s t is self-active & rational1 we are no bett] (f ?an ! old lady4 ,?is appe>s to be a rational _w1 = x is a _w t makes sci5ce possible2 we believe x has a rational ,creator4 ,we commonly acc\nt = our ideals z con/ruct$ 9 a simple1 me*anical way2 b ! explanation w fail to satisfy ! m9d ( arti/ or sa9t 9 8 exalt$ mom5ts :5 he has visions ( p]fection4 ,he mu/ conceive ( a ,be+ :o possesses ! attributes ( p]fect beauty & goodness4 ,belief 9 ,god consecrates man's endeavor to atta9 ! highe/ /&>ds4 ,)\t ,god ! _w has n a home-seem+ = man4 ,z 9 ! dream 9 ,v]gil1 always he seems to be left alone1 always to be go+ on a long j\rney 9 a des]t l&1 unatt5d$4 ,philosophy has sp5t mu* "t & en]gy to discov] ! orig9 ( evil2 a san] que/ w\ld be ! orig9 ( good 9 ! _w4 ,we "k t 9 acc\nt+ = evil !re is always an unexpla9$ rema9d]--! righte\s suff]+1 & ! weak cru%$ "u burd5s too heavy4 ,x may be t ,sp5c]'s age ( p]fection1 se5 away d[n ! vi/a ( evolution1 w1 :5 realiz$1 n be invit+4 ,"s "o sugge/s t !n m5 w be p]fect1 b p]fectly idiotic4 ,x is ! great moral p>adox t p]fection mu/ be obta9$ ?r\gh /ruggle ) imp]fection4 ,laurels worn b n won are b a fool's cap4 ,fre$om is possible only 9 a _w ( good & evil1 a _w ( *oice1 & ) fre$om ! humble/ creature is inf9itely above ! mo/ p]fect me*anism made & controll$ by a bl9d necessity4 ,cease to prate ( a life ( p]5nial ease "u ,june skies2 ! div9ity )9 u rises 9 maje/y & w n h x s4 ,aft] all1 ^? :o are ov]come 9 ! /ruggle may h _! rew>d2 at ,!rmopyl ! ,p]sians won ! laurels1 ! ,sp>tans ! glory4 ,does evolution trans=m ! nature ( duty into a m]e calculation ( ! sum ( happ9ess8 ,on ! contr>y1 x adds to duty a practical way ( discov]+ duties4 ,evolution affirms ! tru? t k ( "r & wrong is a gr[?1 & t new conditions br+ new problems4 ,! laws ( nature & ! organization ( society promptly tea* u appli$ e?ics4 ,true1 we no long] se>* = et]nally fix$ codes2 b :atev] conduces to happ9ess & g5u9e welf>e1 :atev] conduces to ! beauty1 dignity1 & goodness ( self & o!rs is1 z ev]1 a /]n duty4 ,x is n 9 ! nature ( man to bridge ov] ! *asm betwe5 "r1 kn[n z "r1 & wrong1 kn[n z wrong4 ,! moral imp]ative1 ,turn t[>d ! light1 seek to see y\r duty & p]=m x1 is 8a pres5ce :i* is n to be put by1 :i* nei!r li/lessness nor mad endeavor c utt]ly aboli% or de/roy40 8,fai? means belief 9 some?+ conc]n+ :i* d\bt is /ill !oretically possible10 says a mod]n sci5tific writ]4 ,he cont9ues3 8,fai? is ! read9ess to act 9 a cause ! prosp]\s issue ( :i* is n c]tifi$ to u 9 advance4 ,x is 9 fact ! same moral quality :i* we call c\rage 9 practical affairs40 ,we admire confid5ce & c\rage 9 ! _w ( affairs1 ev5 :5 disa/] may possibly foll[4 ,h we n 9 our he>ts ! 8sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se510 :i* con/itute ! fai? ( ,/4 ,paul8 ,& %all we n use ! c\rage ( fai? to seek a supreme good1 :51 ?\gh we d n f9d x1 !re is a rew>d ev5 9 ! seek+8 ,if ,i 7 to def9e fai? ,i w\ld call x ! ,x-ray ( ! s\l4 ,!re c be no absolute break betwe5 old ?\ght & new4 ,! hi/ory ( ?\ght is a hi/ory ( evolution4 ,mod]n sci5ce has n de/roy$ ! old gr\nds ( fai?2 x enables u to correct ! beliefs built !reon4 ,! next /ep ( sci5ce w be a recognition & exam9ation ( subjective problems z su*4 ,:5 disc>d+ old ?+s1 sep>ate ! treasure f ! rubbi%4 ,if y h ceas$ to pray selfi%ly = ra91 y ne$ n d5y ! efficacy ( pray] = *ange ( he>t1 =giv5ess ( s9s1 & communion ( _s4 ,if y _c accept c]ta9 views ( ! ,tr9ity1 y ne$ n reject ! sublime ,*ri/ian philosophy1 or refuse to pay homage to ! p]fection ( ,*ri/4 ,if y h disc>d$ "s doctr9e ( inspiration ( ! ,bible1 y ne$ n d5y or neglect ! value ( ! div9e e?ical tea*+s ( ! ,hebrews1 or _! gr& sacr$ poetry-- 8,^? ,hebrew songs t triumph1 tru/ or grieve1-- ,v]ses t smite ! s\l z ) a sword1 ,& op5 all ! abysses ) a ^w40 ,!re is a fai? :i* is a p]sonal & consci\s relation ( man to ,god4 ,x is said t 9 its true nature fai? c be ju/ifi$ by no?+ b itself4 ,"h we ent] ! temple ( ! human he>t & approa* ! holy ( holies4 ,?is we d ) rev]5t mi51 ev5 ) fe> & trembl+4 ,we quote f ,pr(4 ,t4 ,h4 ,gre53 8,t ,god is1 ,reason entitles u to say ) ! same c]ta9ty z t ! _w is or t we ourselves are4 ,:at ,he is1 x does n1 inde$1 enable u to say 9 ! same way 9 :i* we make propositions ab\t matt]s ( fact1 b x moves u to seek to become z ,he is1 to become l ,him1 to become consci\sly "o ) ,him1 to h ! fruition ( 8 ,godhead4 ,9 ?is s5se x is t ,reason issues 9 ! life ( ,fai?4444 ,x is our v famili>ity ) ,god's expression ( ,himself 9 ! in/itutions ( society1 9 ! moral law1 9 ! language & inn] life ( ,*ri/ians1 9 our own consci5ces1 t helps to bl9d u to its div9ity40 ,!re is a poem1 f an au?or n widely kn[n1 entitl$ 8,! ,h\nd ( ,heav540 ,x w affect y accord+ to ! education1 exp]i5ce1 & beliefs ( ea*2 b appeal to y x w1 = 9 all is an insi/5t some?+ t makes = righte\sness4 8,i fl$ ,him1 d[n ! nights & d[n ! days2 ,i fl$ ,him1 d[n ! ar*es ( ! ye>s2 ,i fl$ ,him1 d[n ! labyr9?9e ways ,( my own m9d2 & 9 ! mid/ ( te>s ,i hid f ,him1 & "u runn+ laught]4 ,up vi/a$ hopes ,i sp$2 ,& %ot1 precipitat$ ,ad[n ,titanic glooms ( *asm$ fe>s1 ,f ^? /rong ,feet t foll[$1 foll[$ aft]4 ,b ) unhurry+ *ase1 ,& unp]turb$ pace1 ,delib]ate spe$1 maje/ic in/ancy1 ,!y beat--& a ,voice beat ,m in/ant ?an ! ,feet-- #8,all ?+s betray !e1 :o betraye/ ,me4'0 ,! poem rec\nts a life made tragic by _m a human error1 b ev] =c$ to li/5 to ! foll[+ 8,feet40 ,x closes ?us3 8,halts by me t footfall3 ,is my gloom1 aft] all4 ,%ade ( ,8 h&1 out/ret*$ c>ess+ly8 #8,ah1 fonde/1 bl9de/1 weake/1 ,i am ,he ,:om ?\ seeke/6 ,?\ drave/ love f !e1 :o drave/ ,me4'0 ,to me x requires great] fai? to call ! ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce an illusion ?an to accept its reality & validity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! true poet is ! liv+ embodim5t ( in/9ctive fai?4 ,8 m9d & he>t are ke5ly alive to ,god's revelation ( ,himself 9 man & nature4 ,he is a se]4 ,8 !mes are ! tru?s t come to him 9 visions f ! realms ( tru?4 ,he sees ! pr9ciple ( beauty 9 ?+s2 & famili> sc5es1 commonplace exp]i5ces are clo!d 9 a spiritual glory4 ,he accepts ! _w ( facts & ( sci5ce1 b gives !m _! real mean+4 ,poetic insight1 a ?+ s mu* contemn$1 because s little und]/ood1 is "o ( ! be/ illu/rations & evid5ces ( ! nature ( fai?4 ,wordswor? calls poetry 8! brea? & f9] _s ( all k40 ,a few mon?s ago ,i *anc$ to be look+ f a railroad tra9 ne> ,lake ,erie 9 ! v e>ly dawn4 ,i beheld1 z ,i suppos$1 a beautiful expanse ( wat]1 ) isl&s & inlets1 &1 beyond1 a range ( blue hills4 ,i 0 lo/ 9 admiration ( ! view4 ,z ! light increas$1 a suspicion1 at la/ gr[+ into c]ta9ty1 arose t ,i 0 ! subject ( an illusion1 & t my beautiful l&scape 0 b a *ang+ sc5e ( cl\d & op5 sky on ! horizon4 ,b ! blue hills /ill seem$ real2 soon !y1 too1 7 resolv$ into cl\ds1 & only a common wood$ c\ntry rema9$ to ! vision4 ,! analogy to ! dawn ( civilization & ! flight ( sup]/ition1 &1 f9ally1 ( fai?1 =c$ itself ^u me1 & ,i 0 tr\bl$1 see+ no escape f ! application4 ,j !n ! sun arose1 br++ ! glory ( light to ! eye1 & ) x came a ?rill+ m5tal fla%4 ,!re 0 ! solution1 ! all-reveal+ light1 ! great] tru?1 )\t :i* nei!r ! appe>ance ( ! solid e>? nor ( its seem+ arial c\nt]p>t w\ld h be5 possible4 ,bo? evid5c$ ! great] exi/5ce4 ,are n our fancies & our facts1 our errors 9 ! se>* ( tru? & our tru?s1 our d\bts & our fai?1 our life & activity & be+1 pro(s ( a ,univ]sal ,exi/5ce--! reveal] ( tru?1 ! s\rce ( tru?1 & ! ,tru?8 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is address has m ?an a =mal purpose4 ,our beliefs 9 great measure det]m9e our practical life4 ,fre$om1 ,god1 & ,immortality are conceptions t h rul$ 9 ! affairs ( m5 & made ! be/ products ( civilization2 !y mu/ /ill rule 9 ! individual1 if he w\ld gr[ to 8 full /ature4 ,we are 9 a c5tury ( d\bt1 b ,i firmly believe t 9 ! a%es ( ! old fai? ! vital sp>k /ill gl[s1 & t f !m1 phnix-l1 w rise aga9 ! spiritual life 9 new /r5g? & beauty4 ,%[ y\r fai? by y\r works2 fai? )\t works is dead4 ,a m]e philosophic belief 9 ab/ract ideals1 n liv$ 9 "s measure1 may be worse ?an useless4 ,a m]e intellectual fai? t does n t\* ! he>t & bright5 life & make "w a bless+ lacks ! vital elem5t4 ,foll[ y\r ideals closely ) ef=t4 ,give life bread? z well z l5g?2 ! totality w be ! sum ( y\r ?\ght1 feel+1 & action4 ,:5 ! active conflict is ov] & ! h]oes rec\nt _! battles1 may y be able to say3 8,i1 too1 0 !re40 ,!re is /ill a practical side4 ,_m "y m5 h p[]s ( gr[? & possibilities ( success beyond _! pres5t belief2 fai? creates results4 ,e "o has r>e insights & r>e impulses1 %[+ 8 p[]s & urg+ him to action2 x is fatal to ignore !m4 ,fai? is ne$$ 9 bus9ess2 confid5ce begets confid5ce4 ,x is ne$$ 9 social life2 fri5d%ip dem&s to be met on equal t]ms4 ,x is a gr\nd ( happ9ess2 suspicion creates gloom & pessimism4 ,x is ne$$ = practical cop]ation2 suspicion is isolat$4 ,x is ne$$ by ! educator2 fai? & love make zeal 9 ! call+4 ,x is due ev5 ! crim9al2 9 mo/ m5 !re is m ( good ?an bad4 ,*>ity = ! s9s & mis=tunes ( humanity1 hope = ! be/1 fai? 9 our endeavor mu/ att5d successful ef=t to aid m54 ,aft] all x is ! ess5tial _s t "o cultivates )9 him t w det]m9e 8 manifold de$s4 ,we c invoke no great] bless+ ?an a "* t 9 all ways w ass]t ! highe/ dignity t belongs to a human s\l4 ,be brave 9 y\r fai?4 ,:5 mat]ialism1 indiff]5ce1 d\bt1 ease1 & unseemly pleasure claim y = !irs 7! ,devil's own71 let y\r answ] be :at is express$ 9 ,c>lyle's 8,ev]la/+ ,yea03 8,& !n 0 x t my :ole ,me /ood up1 9 native ,god-creat$ maje/y1 & ) emphasis record$ its ,prote/3 ,i am n ?9e1 b ,free60 ,:5 ,i see "s gr& old man1 full ( fai?1 c\rage1 optimism1 & *e]fulness1 ^: life has con=m$ to ! moral law1 :o has wield$ ! "r arm ( 8 fre$om boldly = e good cause1 come to ! end ( life ) love = man & tru/ 9 ,god1 see+ ! way bright5 be=e him1 turn+ 8 sunset into morn+1 ,i mu/ believe t he repres5ts ! survival ( ! fitte/1 t 8 ideals are n ! m]e fictions ( a bl9d nature1 s]v+ = ! pres]vation ( 8 physical be+1 b t ! ord] ( 8 life has be5 9 accord ) realities4 ,,evolution ,,( ,a ,,p]sonal ,,ideal4 ,a fam\s arti/ once pa9t$ a portrait on a unique plan4 ,he secur$ a copy ( e photograph ( ! subject f 8 babyhood4 ,:5 ! pa9t+ 0 f9i%$1 !re appe>$ 9 x ! pictures ( sev5 p ( diff]5t ages1 skilfully gr\p$ & v>i\sly employ$1 b all portraits ( ! same p]son1 ea* repres5t+ a /age ( gr[?4 ,we %all n attempt ! "w ( ! arti/1 b w endeavor to furni% ! bru% & colors1 leav+ y to fill 9 ! sket*es1 n[ & at future times1 at y\r leisure4 ,a tale is told ( a man :o awoke "o night ?9k+ ( 8 pa/ & groan+ 9 evid5t m5tal di/ress4 ,to ! solicit\s inquiry ( 8 gu>dian angel1 he repli$3 8,i am ?9k+ ab\t ! p ,i us$ to be40 ,! angel1 smil+1 said3 8,i am ?9k+ s]i\sly ab\t ! p y are go+ to be0--?9k+ ( 8,! s\l t has le>n$ to break its *a9s1 ,! he>t gr[n t5d]] ?r\gh its pa9s1 ,! m9d made ri*] = its ?\ght1 ,! "* remorse has wr\ght ,to f> undream$ capacities2 ,! w t sits a k+ at ease4 ,nay1 m>vel n1 = ,i pla9ly see ,& joy 9 ! p y're go+ to be40 ,! gradual realization ( high] & high] types is ! g5]al law ( evolution 9 ! organic _w2 x is also ! process ( ! ideal spiritual developm5t ( ! individual man4 ,! pot5cy ( an inf9itely v>i$ & beautiful _w 0 9 ! primeval mi/4 ,! pot5cy ( ea* high] type ( be+ lies 9 ! simpl] =m prec$+4 ,ideally ! pot5cy ( a s\l ( /r5g? & beauty1 ( cont9u\s developm5t1 is 9 ! *ild & y\?4 ,! self ( to-day is ! mat]ial ( possibility :i* %\ld gr[ into ! high] self ( to-morr[4 ,gr[? is n m]ely ga9 9 k & intellectual p[]4 ,! sci5ce ( education mu/ include a vision ( ! entire human s\l ) its ne$ ( sympa?y & direction1 its vague dreams ( possibility1 its ideals half-realiz$4 ,we mu/ view ! scale ( feel+s f ! l[e/ animal in/9ct to ! mo/ ref9$ e?ical emotions1 ! ord] ( _! wor? f ! meane/ v9dictiv5ess to ! highe/ altruism "u ,god & duty1 & note ! /ruggle = ! survival ( ! fitte/ ( ! impulses & motives "u ! guidance ( reason & ) ! responsibility ( fre$om4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we see m51 yet 9 ! vigor ( life1 m5 ( le>n+1 ( position1 ( opportunity1 complac5t 9 _! atta9m5ts1 fix$ 9 ideas & me?ods adapt$ to a previ\s g5]ation or a diff]5t environm5t1 psy*ically prematurely old1 _! p[]s half-develop$1 _! life "w half-done4 ,! m5 :o rea* ! complete developm5t ( _! p[]s con/antly r5ew _! y\?1 & m>* ) mod]n ev5ts4 ,we see "y graduates1 m5 ( p[]1 :o1 ?r\gh deg5]ate t5d5cies1 lack ( fai?1 lack ( insight or lack ( c\rage1 rema9 /ation>y & satisfi$ 9 ! grade to :i* _! diplomas duly te/ify4 ,!y h z mu* life & gr[? & are z ornam5tal z a pa9t$ canvas tree 9 a g>d54 ,a lazy indiff]5t man once said he w\ld z soon be dead z alive4 ,:5 ask$ :y he did n kill himself1 he c\ld only expla9 t he w\ld z soon be alive z dead4 ,9 ! e/abli%$ *ur* is sometimes obs]v$ by its devotees a special season ( solitude & sil5ce = religi\s m$itation2 x is call$ a 8retreat40 ,!re is a ,g]man tale ( an ag$ gr&fa!r :o1 e ,*ri/mas season1 sp5t a day alone 9 m$itation ^u ! ye> & ! ye>s gone by1 mak+ a reckon+ ) himself1 ) 8 failures & 8 bless+s1 & ca/+ a mo/ consci5ti\s acc\nt4 ,on t day ! noisy *ildr5 7 hu%$ by ! s]vants--8,! ma/] is keep+ 8 retreat0--& !y w5t ab\t 9 sil5t wond] & imag9$ he 0 mak+ himself ,*ri/mas gifts 9 8 quiet room up/airs4 ,:5 he reappe>$ 9 ! ev5+1 aft] 8 day ( solitude1 he seem$ by 8 quiet1 g5tle mann]s & ?\ght-lit face to h receiv$ heav5-s5t gifts4 ,i %all nev] =get ! passage ( ,v]gil :i* 9 my s*ool days gave rise 9 me to a new s5se ( beauty 9 lit]ature2 nor %all ,i =get ! unique & ri* exp]i5ce ( ! revelation4 ,e "o has at times a new bir?1 a disclosure ( hi!rto unkn[n capacities & p[]s4 ,! s\l mu/ keep its retreats1 n necess>ily on *ur*-anniv]s>y days1 b at epo*s1 at p]iods ( dissatisfaction ) ! pa/1 at /ages ( new insight--mu/ h a reckon+ ) itself & readju/ itself to life4 ,:5 "o reviews ! panorama ( 8 own hi/ory1 & f9ds x in>ti/ic1 a pr(itless daub1 empty ( ! ideal or h]oic1 he is keep+ a retreat4 ,:5 a new e/imate ( values & possibilities appe>s1 he has exp]i5c$ a conv]sion1 has tak5 a new /ep 9 ! evolution ( 8 ideal life4 ,! revolt ( ! s\l may be z necess>y to its heal? & gr[? z ! upheaval ( a nation is ess5tial to its developm5t4 ,x is a battle = new pr9ciples1 = advance1 = fre$om4 ,tol/o relates a mo/ /rik+ rem9isc5ce ( 8 own life1 sub/antially ?us3 ,x 0 9 #ahgb t ! ,tol/o ( to-day saw ! light4 ,!n a new insight reveal$ 8 =m] life z empty4 ,x 0 on a beautiful spr+ morn+ ) bright sun1 s++ birds1 & humm+ insects4 ,he _h halt$ to re/ 8 horse by a wayside cross4 ,"s peasants pass+ /opp$ !re to (f] _! devotions4 ,he 0 t\*$ to ! dep?s by _! simple fai?1 & :5 he took up 8 j\rney he knew t ! ,k+dom ( ,god is )9 u4 ,he says3 8,x 0 !n1 tw5ty-?ree ye>s ago1 t ! ,tol/o ( to-day sprang into exi/5ce40 ,presid5t ,g>field1 :5 at ! head ( ,hiram ,college1 once address$ 8 /ud5ts1 9 a way t made a la/+ impression1 on ! subject ( 8,m>g9s40 ,p]sonal di/9ction1 success1 dep5d1 n on ! av]age bulk ( k1 p[]1 & skill1 b on t m>g9 t ext5ds a little beyond ! rea* ( "o's fell[s1 a m>g9 ga9$ by "s extra devotion1 by sacrifice & "w1 by ideals a little m advanc$ or m cle>ly se54 ,"s rec5t & notable inductions ( physiological psy*ology along ! l9e ( evolution reaffirm t )\t pa9 !re c be no happ9ess1 t )\t /ruggle !re c be no positive "*1 t at times puni%m5t may be mo/ salut>y & t a deadhead 9 society deg5]ates z does a p>asite 9 ! animal k+dom4 ,s9ce ^! views are 9 l9e ) ! tea*+s ( in/9ct & reason1 f old ,plato d[n1 we may believe t evolution z appli$ to ! spiritual nature ( man is1 inde$1 becom+ a hopeful doctr9e4 ,we h _h some:at too mu* ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s pleasure !ory1 & pursuit ( incl9ation1 & ! discipl9e ( natural consequ5ces1 & l9es ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,! moral drama mu/ be enact$ on a field ( conflict4 ,! pr9ciple ( p]sonal evolution is 8ideals & action40 ,mr4 ,glad/one's wond]ful "* & great c>e] are a po9t$ illu/ration ( ?is fact4 ,ev5 8 fix$ /&>ds ( conduct 7 a contribution to 8 gr[? & greatness4 ,he always ask$ conc]n+ a policy ( /ate3 ,is x j8 ,no unwor?y motive 0 ev] kn[n to det]m9e 8 public or 8 private acts4 ,:ile work+ ev] accord+ to p]man5t /&>ds ( "r1 8 0 ess5tially a life ( *ange & gr[?4 ,mr4 ,glad/one _h a m9d always seek+ tru?1 &1 moreov]1 _h a r>e capacity = receiv+ new ideas4 ,9 8 hi/ory "o c discov] _m di/9ct /ages ( developm5t4 ,he himself ackn[l$ges ?ree great 8transmigrations ( _s0 9 8 p>liam5t>y c>e]4 ,he broke away f 8 e>ly political traditions &1 9 consequ5ce1 m ?an once 0 oblig$ to seek new con/itu5ts :o 8m>*$ ) ! movem5t ( 8 m9d40 ,he 0 ev] 8/ruggl+ t[>d ! light10 & 0 ev] a fight]4 ,8 political oppon5ts said ( him t 8 foot 0 always 9 ! /irrup4 ,8 m9d re/$ n by inactivity1 b by 8/ret*+ itself out 9 ano!r direction40 ,he ?rew himself into new & important movem5ts = humanity ) trem5d\s zeal & =ce4 ,"l ,macaulay pi?ily expresses a law ( human progress3 8,! po9t :i* ye/]day 0 invisible is our goal to-day1 & w be our />t+ po/ to-morr[40 ,maurice ,maet]l9ck says3 8,if at ! mom5t y ?9k or say some?+ t is too beautiful to be true 9 y--if y h b endeavor$ to ?9k or to say x to-day1 on ! morr[ x w be true4 ,we mu/ try to be m beautiful ?an ourselves2 we %all nev] di/ance our s\l40 ,9 ! problem ( gr[? d n neglect ,em]son's pr9ciple ( comp5sation4 ,z m5 injure or help o!rs1 s !y injure or help !mselves4 ,puni%m5t is ! insep>able att5dant ( crime4 ,requital is swift1 sure1 & exact4 ,vice makes spiritual bl9dness4 ,! real drama ( life is )94 ,"s "o has said t puni%m5t = misde$s is n some?+ :i* happ5s to a man1 b some?+ :i* happ5s 9 a man4 ,balzac describes a magic sk91 end[$ ) p[] to measure ! t]m ( life ( its possessor1 :i* %rank ) 8 e express$ wi%4 ,p]sonal wor? gr[s or %r9ks ) ! daily life & ?\ght4 ,e "o c w 8 own gr[? 9 /r5g? & symmetry or c become dw>f$ & deg5]ate4 ,wrong takes away f ! sum ( wor?2 virtue makes increase f ! s\rce ( all good4 ,em]son says t ev5 a man's defects may be turn$ to good4 ,= in/ance1 if he has a disposition t fails to invite companion%ip1 he ga9s habits ( self-help1 & ?us1 8l ! w\nd$ oy/]1 he m5ds 8 %ell ) pe>l40 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y w\ld see ! fulness ( ,god's revelation 9 m51 look into ! m9ds ( ^? ^: biographies are wor? writ+--m5 :o 9 affairs ( ! _w h %[n cle> ?\ght & accurate judgm5t1 & 9 spiritual ?+s h _h visions t may /r5g!n & confirm y\r feeble fai?4 ,/udy ! record ( _! words spok5 at ! fireside 9 ! pres5ce ( intimate & cong5ial fri5ds1 :5 !y %[$ glimpses ( ! real self4 ,le>n 9 biography ! hi/ory ( great s\ls & see 9 !m ! ideal :i* is ! ideal ( ! race1 &1 h5ce1 y\r ideal4 ,) ! go+ out ( ?is c5tury "s great lives h end$--lives t embodi$ high types ( rugg$1 hone/ satire1 political p[]1 poetic ?\ght1 pure /atesman%ip1 e?ical /&>ds1 religi\s fai?1 sci5tific devotion4 ,_! hi/ories h be5 writt51 & en\gh is 9 !m to /ir ! semiconsci\s indol5t nature ( any "y man to cultivate a high p]sonal ideal4 ,:5 ,i left college my fir/ inve/m5t 0 9 a few additional good books4 ,i advise /ud5ts to buy a few ( ! be/ biographies rec5tly publi%$1 & read !m ) a rev]5t m9d4 ,:5 y see a man ( m>k$ p[]1 y may be sure1 always sure1 t he has us$ means ( gr[? :i* av]age p ignore1 means )\t :i* 8 /r5g? w\ld nev] h appe>$4 ,he has be5 a /ud5t1 p]haps ( ,plato1 ( ,%akespe>e1 ( ! ,bible1 ( sci5ce or ( human nature4 ,he has gone deeply into ! "* or writ+s ( ma/] m9ds 9 "s field ( k or activity4 ,if he has a truly great nature he is able to f9d 9 _m a passage ( ,hebrew writ+s a p[] t well$ up f ! great he>ts ( ! prophets ( old--or a wisdom t gradually evolv$ ) civilization ?r\gh exp]im5t1 disa/]1 /ruggle1 & contrition1 & 0 correct$ & =mulat$ ) r>e und]/&+ by ! few great m9ds ( hi/ory4 ,su* writ+s are a v wellspr+ ( k & und]/&+ = a "y man ( ?is or any age4 ,h y read ! e>li] z well z ! lat] writ+s ( ,rudy>d ,kipl+8 ,:at a gr[? ( p[]6 ,! evolution ( 8 ideal ev] promises & realizes great] ?+s4 ,:5 rec5tly x seem$ t ! rip] fruits ( 8 progress w\ld be d5i$ u1 ! ke5e/ solicitude 0 ev]y:]e manife/4 ,x 0 a spontane\s tribute to ! pr9ciple ( ideal spiritual evolution 9 ! individual4 ,we n[ "k ,kipl+'s secret4 ,9 8 weakness & 8 sorr[ he has already turn$ to a new & m ambiti\s und]tak+ & has ga!r$ to himself all mat]ial t may enable him to pluck out f 8 subject ! he>t ( its my/]y1 & reveal x to ! _w ( ?\ght & culture4 ,x is ) ! magic ( indu/ry t he evolves ! ideal ( 8 life4 ,! foll[+ /ory is told ( ,kipl+--t x is n au!ntic does n rob x ( its use3 ,fa!r & son 7 on a voyage4 ,! fa!r1 suff]+ f seasickness1 _h retir$ to 8 cab91 :5 an (fic] appe>$ & cri$3 8,y\r son has climb$ out on ! =ey>d1 & if he lets g he'll be dr[n$2 we _c save him40 8,oh1 is t all80 repli$ ,mr4 ,kipl+2 8he won't let g40 99 99 99 99 99 ,be m5 ( to-day2 ! pa/ is useful to make u wise 9 ! pres5t4 ,! poet ,t5nyson _h a wond]ful influ5ce 9 8 g5]ation4 ,8 influ5ce is due n alone to 8 ri* ?\ght & poetic skill2 he _h ! broad lib]al view t c\ld adapt itself to ! *ang+ _w ( sci5ce1 philosophy1 & religion1 & he ?us op5$ up ! av5ues ( approa* to all classes ( ?9k]s4 ,he 0 a man ) an evolv+ ideal1 a free1 sane1 heal?y m9d4 ,poetry is n a ?+ ( ! pa/2 x has n yet become famili> ) its new !mes4 ,kipl+ c s+ ! 8,song ( ,/eam0 & write ! romance ( ! 8,day's ,"w0--c f9d poetry 9 a locomotive1 a bridge1 a %ip or an eng9e4 ,kipl+ is "r :5 he makes ,mc,andrew1 ! h>d-head$ eng9e] ( an ocean l9]1 see 9 ! va/ motor me*anism an 8or*e/ra sublime10 8s++ l ! morn+ />s10 & proclaim+3 8,n unto u ! praise1 or man40 8,f c\pl]-flange to sp9dle-guide ,i see ,?y ,h&1 ,o ,god0--& ?is vision is always ! ultimate gr\nd ( poetry4 ,on a palace /eam] betwe5 ,new ,york & ! ,new ,engl& coa/ ,i once he>d an uncultur$ workman exclaim3 8,:5 ,i wat* ?is mighty eng9e1 ) its maje/ic1 p[]ful movem5t1 ,i feel t !re is a ,god40 ,at fir/ ?\ght ! s5tim5t 0 humor\sly illogical1 b 8 in/9ct 0 "r4 ,! works ( nature & ! works ( man alike sugge/ a div9e orig9--,god work+ 9 nature & work+ ?r\gh man4 ,if ?is is a div9e _w1 !n !re is no claim ( ! commonplace1 no =m ( daily labor1 no ne$ ( ! un=tunate1 no problem ( society or gov]nm5t t is n a !me ( dignity & wor?y ( att5tion & helpful ef=t4 ,! =m ( tru? is an empty1 useless ab/raction1 unless x is giv5 a cont5t1 unless x adju/s wrongs1 removes evils1 improves mat]ial conditions1 & /r5g!ns gr[? among all classes ( p to-day4 ,! man :o beautifies 8 lawn1 plants trees1 lays good walks or cleans ! /reets is made m consci\s ( ! div9e )9 him--is a bett] man4 ,sp9oza reg>d$ 8 skill 9 mak+ l5ses to be z ess5tial a "p ( 8 life z 8 philosophical int]e/4 ,e advance 9 civilization *anges ! p]spective1 & new views & tru?s appe>4 ,)9 a few ye>s we h se5 9 ,am]ica almo/ an entire *ange ( attitude reg>d+ _m ess5tial political & social que/ions4 ,?r\gh\t ! _w1 ,*ri/ianity1 by cle>] int]pretation ( its _s1 is ga9+ new influ5ce 9 practical fields4 ,new problems h n ! en*antm5t ( di/ance2 hi/ory & poetry h n ?r[n a halo ab\t !m2 b !y h ! int]e/ ( pres5t1 practical1 liv+ issues4 ,e great man has atta9$ 8 self-realization z a creative factor 9 ! "w ( 8 own age4 ,take a h& 9 mak+ curr5t hi/ory4 99 99 99 99 99 ,successful m5 h %[n at ! close ( _! /ud5t life only ! hope ( :at !y f9ally became4 ,b !y 7 m5 :o knew h[ to *]i% e helpful impulse1 to le>n f e exp]i5ce1 to pr(it by ea* fre% insight1 to conc5trate _! p[]s ^u s+le tasks1 & at ea* fulfilm5t look =w>d to /ill great] und]tak+s4 ,su* m9ds we> ! beauty ( promise1 8t :i* sets ,! budd+ rose above ! rose full bl[n40 ,! realization ( ideal promise is n m]ely intellectual p[] & practical atta9m5t4 ,a man may h ^!1 & yet lack a ri* m9d4 ,sympa?y1 pure ideals1 morality1 religi\s s5tim5t belong to a complete nature4 ,)\t !m "o is n a fit lead] or a *oice companion4 ,a :olly irreligi\s man is n consci\s ( 8 s\l4 ,z ! ye>s advance1 ) ! progressive man !re is m he>t1 m simplicity & tru?1 m moral & spiritual int]e/4 ,9 ! 8,memoir ( ,"l ,t5nyson0 by 8 son1 a *apt] on ! 8,9 ,memoriam0 ?r[s brilliant side lights on ! ess5tial "* ( ! great poet4 ,"o w\ld almo/ take ! tru?s !re express$ z 8 cre$1 & ! inn] life !re reveal$ z ! consummation ( a p]sonal ideal4 ,we note 8 8spl5did fai? 9 ! gr[+ purpose ( ! sum ( life1 & 9 ! noble de/9y ( ! individual man20 8 belief t 8x is ! great purpose :i* consecrates life20 8 feel+ t 8only "u ! inspiration ( ideals1 & ) 8 #8sword ba!d 9 heav51' c a man combat ! cynical indiff]5ce1 ! intellectual selfi%ness1 ! slo? ( w1 ! utilit>ian mat]ialism ( a transition age20 8 fai? t 8! tru? mu/ be l>g]1 pur]1 nobl] ?an any m]e human expression ( x20 8 affirmation t1 if y 8take away belief 9 ! self-consci\s p]sonality ( ,god1 y take away ! backbone ( ! _w40 ,he believ$ 9 pray]4 ,9 8 own words3 8,pray] is l op5+ a sluice betwe5 ! great ocean & our little *annels :5 ! great sea ga!rs itself toge!r & fl[s 9 at full tide40 ,ideals d n belong to a my/ical realm1 to a remote age or to an indef9ite future4 ,!y are n ! exclusive possession ( sage1 sa9t1 or poet4 ,!y belong to ?is day1 "h1 to u4 ,!y belong to ! pr(essional man1 z a man1 z mu* z to ! man ( lib]al culture4 ,to see ! idyllic 9 :at is famili>1 to realize ! h]oic 9 ourselves1 to make ! lessons ( greatness our own1 to "w ) ! _s ( our "t are ! means ( gr[?4 ,e ?\ght & e act1 fl[+ f ! consci\s w1 fa%ion ! s\l4 8,i held x tru?1 ) him :o s+s ,to "o cle> h>p 9 div]s tones1 ,t m5 may rise on /epp+-/ones ,( _! dead selves to high] ?+s40 ,,! ,,greek ,,virtues ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,application4 ,at ! risk ( imitat+ ! sev]e logical disc\rses :i* proce$ at lea/ z f> z fif?ly1 let u enum]ate "s ess5tial conditions t by ! agreem5t ( ?\ghtful m5 are requisite = a satisfactory life3 7#a7 a s\nd body2 7#b7 c\rage2 7#c7 intellectual ideals2 7#d7 moral ideals2 7#e7 rev]5ce4 ,:ile ^! elem5ts are select$ = _! intr9sic value1 )\t ref]5ce to ! hi/ory ( e?ical ?\ght1 ! discov]y t !y %[ m ?an a fanci$ simil>ity to ! anci5t & ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ideals /r5g!ns our belief 9 _! value1 & sugge/s t ess5tial human /&>ds are n = "o p or "o age1 b = all peoples & all "t1 & t !y are spontane\sly recogniz$ ev5 9 an age l ours1 :5 m5 readily turn t[>d utilit>ian ends4 ,if we g back to ! dawn ( philosophic ?\ght & li/5 to ! e>ly revelators ( ! nature ( man & 8 relation to ! _w & society--conv]se ) ,plato 9 ! groves ( ,academus1 or walk ) ,ari/otle 9 ! %ady av5ues ( ! ,lyceum--we f9d !m proclaim+ ! great tru?s :i* h be5 confirm$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ages1 & urg+ ^u m5 ,mod]ation1 ,c\rage1 ,wisdom1 ,ju/ice1 & ! ,good1 or ,god1 z aim4 ,if we cross ov] f ! anci5t _w to ! ,*ri/ian ,empire1 :]e old e?ical ?\ght 0 already tak+ on deep] mean+1 broad] application1 & ri*] life1 we f9d 9 ! ,c>d9al ,virtues ( ,/4 ,ambrose & ,/4 ,augu/9e a new & vitaliz$ =m ( ! ,greek ,virtues3 ,temp]ance1 ,*ri/ian ,=titude1 ,*ri/ian ,wisdom1 ,*ri/ian ,ju/ice1 ,god z aim4 ,if we come d[n to mod]n times1 & cat* ! _s ( ideals t /ill dwell among ! p1 we f9d t human nature is ev]y:]e ! same1 & t ! exp]i5ce ( human life 9 all ages discov]s ?r\gh ! organization ( society ! same div9e pr9ciples--laws to be rev]5c$ & obey$1 to be foll[$ z practical guides to success4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mod]n psy*ology has r5d]$ a s]vice ( f>-rea*+ practical b5efit 9 %[+ m def9itely ! intimate connection betwe5 ! bra9 & m5tal action4 ,9 ?is connection ( body & s\l ! two are correlat$2 ! bra9 is organic to ! functions ( ! s\l4 ,! heal? ( ! bra9 is l>gely dep5d5t ^u g5]al physical conditions1 & ! old apo!gm1 8,m5s sana 9 corpore sano10 is int]pret$ ) a new mean+ n fully kn[n 9 ! days ( ,juv5al4 ,maxims ( heal?1 sift$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ages1 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & confirm$ by ! pro(s ( mod]n sci5ce1 are wisdom ( ine/imable value = our in/ruction4 ,he :o wa/es en]gy ( ! body wa/es vigor & duration ( m5tal p[]4 ,rev4 ,william ,r4 ,alg] us$ to say3 8,keep y\rself at highe/ work+ capacity by pres]v+ ! vigor ( ! body40 ,! v>i\s ways ( wa/+ physical en]gy are susceptible ( classification1 & x is well wor? ! :ile to make a ?\ghtful analysis ( ! subject4 ,we admire ! firm /ep1 erect be>+1 cle> eye1 & bright bra9 t belong to heal?ful habits & noble manhood4 ,_m a man by c>efully cons]v+ ! vital =ces w outlive & outdo o!rs :o1 ) /rong] bodies1 wa/e _! en]gy4 ,physical s9s react ^u ! m9d & debase "*4 ,!y are signs ( a "* already weak1 & ! int]action betwe5 m9d & body d\bly ha/5s ! relax+ ( j re/ra9t4 ,! anci5t virtue ( mod]ation1 or temp]ance1 meant m ?an temp]ate habit2 x meant ! submission ( animal unreason to reason--! 8obs]vance ( due measure 9 all conduct40 ,9 accord ) ! maxims ( heal? are ! ,greek ,virtue ( ,mod]ation1 ! ,c>d9al ,virtue ( ,temp]ance1 ! ,hebrew ,purity4 ,reg>d = ^! maxims is an important condition ( success4 99 99 99 99 99 ,c\rage appe>s 9 ! ,greek ,category z he>t = en]getic action1 & 9 ! ,c>d9al ,virtues z firmness = ! "r & aga9/ ! wrong4 ,c\rage is ! s9e qua non ( success4 ,! /ud5t mu/ h c\rage to ov]come 8 in]tia4 ,a v5]able pr(essor ( my college days us$ to say3 8,e "y man is naturally z lazy z he c be1 & ! greate/ problem ( education is to ga9 an en]getic w40 ,c\rage is requir$ to und]take an ent]prise dem&+ long ye>s ( toil4 ,a volume rec5tly publi%$ conta9s ! e>ly exp]i5ce ( celebrat$ au?ors n[ liv+1 & ne>ly e "o owes 8 success to a p]sev]+ det]m9ation1 9 spite ( pov]ty1 rebuffs1 criticism1 & repeat$ failures4 ,_! g5ius lies 9 _! c\rage4 ,we ne$ ! c\rage ( our convictions to /& by ! "r4 ,! great re=m]s h %>$ ?is k9d ( confid5ce ( s\l4 ,ne>ly all ( ,c>lyle's types ( ! _w's great h]oes possess$ x to an almo/ sublime degree1 &1 mo/ ( all1 ! h]o ( ! ,re=mation4 ,waiv+ all religi\s controv]sies t c5tre ab\t ! doctr9es ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 he is a figure = ! _w to admire4 ,"s ( 8 memorable words are kn[n z h\sehold words1 b1 l /ra9s ( famili> gr& music1 are ev] grateful--!y lose no?+ by repeat+4 ,:5 w>n$ t ,duke ,george ( ,leipzig 0 8 enemy he said3 8,_h ,i bus9ess1 ,i w\ld ride into ,leipzig ?\gh x ra9$ ,duke ,georges = n9e days runn+40 ,:5 summon$ to ! ,diet at ,worms1 he answ]$ ! fri5ds :o w\ld dissuade him3 8,7 !re z _m devils 9 ,worms z !re are ro( tiles1 ,i w\ld on40 ,:5 urg$ 9 ! pres5ce ( t augu/ c\ncil to recant1 he repli$3 8,"h ,i /&2 ,i c d no o!r2 ,god help me40 ,& ! c\rage ( 8 religi\s fai? rose to its climax :5 he boldly fac$ ! sup]natural & hurl$ 8 ink/& at ! head ( ! ,devil himself4 ,! /ud5t ne$s ! c\rage ( fai? 9 8 own p[]s & possibilities4 ,_m a "o fails because he has n confid5ce 9 himself4 ,9 r>e mom5ts ( m$itation "o sometimes discov]s capacities & possibilities ( atta9m5t t become a life inspiration4 ,we are pr\d ( our ,teutonic ance/ry2 ( ! bold ent]prise t l$ ! ,teutons across ,europe 9 conque/1 or impell$ !m to emb>k 9 _! galleys & pu% =? ) adv5tur\s _s1 & fe>lessly ride ! tempe/u\s waves1 z _! o>s kept "t to ! music ( _! songs ( victory4 ,_! c\rage\s & progressive _s1 tam$ & ref9$1 reappe>$ 9 ! religi\s convictions ( ! ,puritans1 9 ! settlem5t ( ,am]ica1 9 ! we/w>d m>* ( civilization 9 our own c\ntry1 9 ! confid5ce ( ! pione]s t e>ly cross$ ! pla9s & pit*$ _! t5ts by ^! mighty m\nta9s1 9 ! en]gy t has made all t ! _w holds z greate/ & be/ 9 mat]ial civilization1 inv5tion1 gov]nm5t1 sci5ce1 lit]ature1 & moral & religi\s pr9ciple4 ,! "y man :o has 9 8 ve9s ! blood ( ?is p1 & inh]its ! bless+s t 8 race has wr\ght out1 is a recreant to 8 tru/ if he does n /& c\rage\sly = all t is be/ 9 8 own developm5t1 & all t is be/ 9 ! progress ( 8 age4 ,?or1 ! ,norse god1 possess$ a belt ( /r5g? by :i* 8 might 0 d\bl$1 & a preci\s hamm] :i* :5 ?r[n return$ to ! h& ( its own accord4 ,:5 he wield$ ! hamm]1 z ! ,nor!rn leg5ds relate1 he grasp$ x until ! knuckles grew :ite4 ,?is hamm] is an heirloom ( ! ,nor!rn races1 h&$ d[n f ! ,halls ( ,walhalla4 ,& h]e9 lies ! secret ( success3 grasp ! hamm] until ! knuckles gr[ :ite4 99 99 99 99 99 ,plato held ,wisdom to be ! supreme means by :i* to atta9 ! great purpose ( human exi/5ce4 ,! ,c>d9al ,virtue ( ,*ri/ian ,wisdom is to ga9 k ( ,god4 ,plato conceiv$ gr[? 9 wisdom to be a gradual realization1 9 ! consci\sness ( man1 ( ! et]nal ideas4 ,man came f heav5 & 9 8 progress 9 k he 0 b climb+ ! upw>d pa? to rega9 8 lo/ e/ate4 ,! ex]cise ( wisdom m>k$ him (f f ! l[] ord] ( be+s1 & he 0 fulfill+ ! di/9ctively human function only :5 liv+ a rational life4 ,if nature is a cong]ies ( metaphors arrang$ 9 a sy/em ( relations & con/itut+ a sublime allegory1 & we1 be+ ! (fspr+ ( ,god1 may int]pret ?is allegory & !reby come to a consci\sness ( v]ities1 if !re is a spiritual s5se t may feel ! pres5ce ( great tru?s & ( a p]sonal ,god--!n man pursues 8 supreme call+ :5 ?r\gh ! laws ( physical nature1 :5 ?r\gh ! beauty ( its =ms1 :5 ?r\gh k ( self1 :5 ?r\gh ! _w's hi/ory & lit]ature & philosophy he aims at a fur!r acqua9tance ) tru?4 ,if k & ! p[] t comes ?r\gh k enhance our mat]ial civilization & make m favorable conditions = ! body & m leisure = ! m9d & m ref9em5t = ! _s1 if to create mat]ial ?+s br+s u m 9 accord ) ! creative _s ( ! univ]se1 !n we h ! highe/ inc5tives to ga9 k t[>d s-call$ practical ends4 ,! univ]sities are n always ! fir/ discov]]s ( wisdom1 b !y are ! /oreh\ses ( ! wisdom ( ! ages1 & ! di/ribut+ po9ts4 ,!y are n a sub/itute = nature & real life1 b !y help to int]pret bo?4 ,!y are n a sub/itute = practical exp]i5ce1 b !y be/[ ! in/rum5ts ) :i* to d bett] ! "w ( practical exp]i5ce4 ,!y d n create p[]1 b !y develop p[]4 ,a few g5iuses h 9 /rong degree ! intellectual impulse & foll[ x until !y become orig9al & creative1 & contribute to ! _w's insight4 ,b ! av]age y\? ne$s all t ! =mal tra9+ ( ! s*ools c give him4 ,:5 ! /ud5t is once ar\s$ by ! s5se ( 8 privileges & duties1 he w select no easy goal to atta94 ,he w n be satisfi$ until he has le>n$ ! secrets ( nature's processes1 has exam9$ 8 own nature1 has made use ( ! record$ exp]i5ce ( ! ages--!reby tak+ a giant /ride 9 k t he c\ld n h tak5 alone--has giv5 himself ! p[] to help 9 ! "w ( 8 own "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ju/ice 0 reg>d$ by ,plato z ! gr\nd ( social uprightness2 ,*ri/ian ju/ice recogniz$ ! bro!rhood ( man1 ) all t foll[s 9 moral conduct2 8moral ideals0 = u has ! same significance4 ,?is is n ! place = ! discussion ( e?ical !ories1 b x is ( ! highe/ importance = ! "y man1 aft] w&]+ m or less vaguely ov] ! field ( e?ical doctr9es1 to turn to ! nature ( 8 own be+ & f9d !re writt5 ! supreme fact ( moral obligation1 ) its implications ( fre$om ( w1 a p]sonal ,god1 & immortality ( ! s\l4 ,e man kn[s t ev5 9 8 ord9>y approvable acts he does n "w to ! end ( pleasure1 b t he has impulses t rea* out 9 fell[%ip & compassion t[>d o!rs1 impulses t rea* out t[>d ! ,tru? & ,beauty & ,supreme ,goodness ( ! _w4 ,e man kn[s t he possesses a p[] to *oose among/ & regulate 8 impulses2 t su* aims are to be employ$ z w conduce to ! p]fection ( 8 be+ & ( all human be+2 t 8 rew>d lies 9 ?is p]fection1 9 a noble & approvable "*1 :i* is n to be complet$ 9 ?is life1 b is to atta9 its full realization 9 a future life4 ,& h5ce is reveal$ to him ! rational necessity ( t life1 )\t :i* ! pres5t /ruggle & gr[? w\ld lack mean+4 ,if !re is moral ord] 9 ! univ]se1 !n man w be successful z he con=ms to t ord]4 ,if he goes aga9/ ! great sil5t =ces mov+ 9 ! direction ( ,"r1 8 life c b result 9 failure4 ,m5 :o %[ a disreg>d = moral law are held to possess a dang]\s malady sl[ly decay+ ! tissues ( ! s\l4 ,!y are treat$ ) suspicion 9 bus9ess relations & condemn$ 9 ! m9ds ( o!rs & by _! own judgm5t4 ,s\nd to ! core mu/ a man be :o w\ld make ! mo/ ( life & receive ! approval :i* ! _w be/[s ^u "*4 ,a true man is bold2 he feels t = him all ! =ces ( "r w cont5d4 ,he has c\rage = 8 "w1 because he kn[s he is on ! "r pa? & is mov+ t[>d ev] high] atta9m5ts & a supreme result4 ,! subject is old z man1 ! ?\ghts are trite2 :y n utt] y\r maxim & proce$1 or r say no?+8 ,:ile !re are lives empty ( purpose & he>ts t ble$ 9 contrition & trag$ies t fill prisons & madh\ses1 !re is mu* to say & m to d4 ,h we no fur!r use = wisdom8 ,h we ceas$ to erect p]5nial monum5ts to ! memory ( sa9ts & re=m]s8 ,if ! subject is old1 ! g5]ations ( m5 are new1 & ! race has n atta9$ its p]fection4 ,! be/ m5 & ! be/ ?\ghts reveal u to ourselves1 are ! s\rce ( our aspiration2 & we ( ! pres5t1 n half-way t[>d ! goal1 h ne$ ( our ,socrates1 ,augu/9e1 ,lu!r1 & supremely ( ! div9e ,*ri/4 ,we /ill h ne$ ( our ,pilgrim's ,progress4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! aim ( ,plato's philosophy 0 ! ,supreme ,good1 or ,god4 ,! ,c>d9al ,virtues 7 fram$ 9 ! light ( religi\s fai?4 ,rev]5ce is ! s5tim5t ^: object is ,god4 ,says ! ,sage ( ,*elsea3 8,all t we d spr+s out ( ,my/]y1 ,_s1 invisible ,=ce40 ,"s1 well-v]s$ 9 ,sp5c]'s works1 h fail$ to note ?is passage3 8,"o tru? mu/ gr[ ev] cle>]--! tru? t !re is an ,inscrutable ,exi/5ce ev]y:]e manife/$1 to :i* ! man ( sci5ce c nei!r f9d nor conceive ei!r beg9n+ or end4 ,amid ! my/]ies :i* become ! m my/]i\s ! m !y are ?\ght ab\t !re w rema9 ! "o absolute c]ta9ty1 t he is ev] 9 ! pres5ce ( an ,inf9ite & ,et]nal ,en]gy1 f :i* all ?+s proce$40 ,add to ?is ! ,fai? :i* is ! 8sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se510 & y h ! orig9 ( all religions1 ( all temples ( wor%ip4 ,x is ! conception ( ! philosoph] & ! insight ( ! poet2 x is held mo/ /rongly by ! mo/ pr(\nd4 ,few great m51 ?\gh !y may reject =mal cre$s1 are )\t ! feel+ ( ,rev]5ce4 ,c>lyle's 8,ev]la/+ ,yea0 is ! vision ( a true se]1 & x reveals1 9 ! spontane\s language ( e>ne/ ?\ght1 ! bread? & dep? ( a possible ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,he speaks ?r\gh ! h]o ( ! 8,s>tor ,res>tus40 ,by disappo9tm5t & dim fai? ! univ]se _h become to him a va/ m]ciless ma*9e2 he 0 fill$ ) an indef9able fe>4 ,b ov] 8 s\l came ! _s ( ,indignation & ,defiance1 & he %ook (f fe> ( all t is evil1 & all t may happ5 ( evil4 ,9 8 words3 8,! ,ev]la/+ ,no _h said3 #8,behold1 ?\ art fa!rless1 outca/2 & ! ,univ]se is m9e 7! ,devil's7'2 to :i* my :ole ,me n[ made answ]3 #8,i am n ?9e1 b ,free1 & =ev] hate !e6'0 ,?is is b ! fir/ /ep1 & only by ! 8,annihilation ( ,self0 does he awake to a 8new ,heav5 & a new ,e>?40 ,n[ nature is se5 to be ! 8,liv+ ,g>m5t ( ,god40 ,! ,univ]se is no long] 8dead & demoniacal10 b 8godlike & 8 ,fa!r's40 ,he looks ^u 8 fell[ man ) an 8inf9ite ,love1 an inf9ite ,pity10 & ent]s ! por* ( ! 8,sanctu>y ( ,sorr[40 ,happ9ess is no long] ! aim2 happ9ess _c be satisfi$4 8,!re is 9 man a ,high] ?an ,love ( ,happ9ess2 he c d )\t ,happ9ess1 & in/ead !re( f9d ,bless$ness60 8,love n pleasure2 love ,god4 ,?is is ! ,,ev]la/+ ,,yea40 ,! ,temple ( ,sorr[ 7! ,*ri/ian ,temple7 is p>tly 9 ru9s1 b 9 a crypt ! sacr$ lamp /ill burns = him1 & = all4 ,appli$ ,*ri/ianity is action4 ,he says3 8,d ! ,duty :i* lies ne>e/ !e3 ?y second ,duty w already h become cle>]40 ,?y opportunity is 9 :atev] ?y condition n[ & "h (f]s !e4 8,:atsoev] ?y h& f9de? to d1 d x ) ?y :ole might40 ,*ri/ianity 8fl[s ?r\gh all our he>ts & modulates & div9ely leads !m40 ,( immortality he says3 8,"k ( a tru? t only ! ,"t-%ad[s h p]i%$1 or are p]i%able2 t ! real ,be+ ( :atev] 01 & :atev] is1 & :atev] w be1 is ev5 n[ & =ev]4444 ,believe x ?\ mu/2 und]/& x ?\ can/ n40 ,if we may draw a lesson f ?is1 ,c>lyle's greate/ "w1 x is t ! complet5ess ( life requires vivify+1 hope-giv+1 s9-subdu+1 c\rage-inspir+ fai? & rev]5ce4 ,to ! h]o ( ,c>lyle's prose poem success did n come1 until ! 8,fire-,baptism0 ( 8 s\l4 ,he confesses3 8,i directly !reupon began to be a man40 99 99 99 99 99 ,are ^! ideals ( value = practical success8 ,yes1 = all ! success wor? /riv+ = & wor? hav+4 ,does n craft succe$ bett] ?an hone/y8 ,sometimes1 & = a "t1 b hone/y appe>s to be ev5 ! be/ policy1 & x is ! ess5tial /amp ( real manhood & womanhood4 ,! g5u9e h]oes ( all hi/ory are ! morally great4 ,are n su* /&>ds too high--impractical ideals = ! pulpit & plat=m1 :i* no "o is expect$ to c>ry into real life8 ,no "o atta9s ev5 8 own ideals1 mu* less ! absolute /&>ds2 b !y are ! /eady aim ( a fully successful life4 ,if a "y man is true to himself1 ! b\nties ( nature1 ! good w ( o!rs1 ! cop]ation ( ! =ces ( "r1 & ! approval ( ,god are 84 ,! _w waits to see :at he w d ) 8 p[]s & opportunities4 ,mu* is expect$ ( him1 & rightly4 ,! /ate :i* has help$ educate him expects mu*2 ! home :i* has made sacrifices = him expects mu*4 ,w he h ! c\rage to /& by 8 ideals8 ,to progress mu/ be "p ( 8 religion4 ,:5 ! oak has ceas$ to put =? its leaves & ext5d its bran*es1 x has gone into hopeless decay4 ,!re is no la/+ happ9ess b 9 action & ev] new & high] realizations4 ,longfell[ repres5ts e>ly manhood turn+ regretfully f ! memory visions ( *ildhood & y\? to ! e>ne/ "w ( life4 8,visions ( *ildhood6 ,/ay1 ,o /ay6 ,ye 7 s sweet & wild6 ,& di/ant voices seem to say1 ,x _c be6 ,!y pass away6 ,o!r !mes dem& ?y lay2 ,?\ art no m a *ild6 8,! l& ( ,song )9 !e lies1 ,wat]$ by liv+ spr+s2 ,! lids ( ,fancy's sleepless eyes ,are gates unto t ,p>adise1 ,holy ?\ghts1 l />s1 arise1 ,its cl\ds are angel's w+s4 99 99 99 99 99 8,look1 !n1 into ?9e he>t1 & write6 ,yes1 into ,life's deep /ream6 ,all =ms ( sorr[ & delight1 ,all solemn ,voices ( ! ,night1 ,t c soo! !e1 or affright1-- ,be ^! h5ce=? ?y !me40 ,,! ,,/ud5t ,,z ,,citiz54 ,solomon1 9 ! fulness ( 8 wisdom & ! maturity ( 8 moral /r5g?1 wrote ,prov]bs4 ,9 ! ?ird *apt] are _m appeals 9 behalf ( ideal manhood1 & 9 behalf ( ju/ice & m]cy 9 relations ) "o's fell[ m54 ,he exhorts m5 to dep>t f evil & hold fa/ to tru?4 ,he in/ructs !m t intellectual & moral wisdom is bett] ?an silv] & gold & rubies2 t x gives long life1 ri*es1 p[]1 & peace ( m9d4 ,! wise %all f9d favor 9 sight ( ,god & man4 ,rev]5ce = ,god contributes to worldly success & ! gr[? ( "*4 ,) equal =ce he tea*es reg>d = ! rights & ! welf>e ( o!rs4 8,devise n evil aga9/ ?y neighbor40 8,/rive n ) a man )\t a cause40 8,*oose n ! ways ( ! oppressor40 8,)hold n good f !m to :om x is due1 :5 x is 9 ! p[] ( ?9e h& to d x40 ,& he sums up ! :ole matt] 9 ! s5t5ce3 8,god blesse? ! habitation ( ! j40 ,m5 sometimes "q :e!r ideals & ,utopias h any practical value4 ,note ! words ( ,pr(essor ,j[ett1 p5n$ aft] he _h sp5t ye>s ( 8 int5se life 9 translat+ & comm5t+ ^u ! ,dialogues ( ,plato--writ+s :i*1 9 broad outl9es1 repres5t ! be/ ideals ( all philosophy = ! individual & = society4 ,he says3 8,human life & conduct are affect$ by ideals 9 ! same way t !y are affect$ by ! examples ( em95t m54 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r is imm$iately applicable to practice1 b !re is a virtue fl[+ f !m :i* t5ds to raise individuals above ! common r\t9e ( society or trade1 & to elevate /ates above ! m]e int]e/s ( comm]ce or ! necessities ( self-def5se4 ,mo/ m5 live 9 a corn]1 & see b a little way beyond _! own home or place or occupation2 !y #8d n lift up _! eyes to ! hills2' !y are n awake :5 ! dawn appe>s4 ,b 9 ,plato1 z f "s #8t[] ( speculation1' we look into ! di/ance & behold ! future ( ! _w & ( philosophy4 ,! ideal ( ! /ate & ( ! life ( ! philosoph]2 ! ideal ( an education cont9u+ ?r\gh life & ext5d+ equally to bo? sexes2 ! ideal ( ! unity & correlation ( k2 ! fai? 9 good & immortality--are ! vacant =ms ( light on :i* ,plato is seek+ to fix ! eye ( mank9d40 ,9 ,plato's ,ideal ,republic ! rul] is to be a man ( wisdom & probity1 & is to consid] only ! good ( 8 subjects4 8,until political greatness & wisdom meet 9 "o1 cities nev] w cease f ill40 ,! citiz5 mu/ p]fect 8 call+1 h[ev] humble1 z an arti/ p]fects 8 art1 & mu/ =m a h>moni\s & useful factor 9 ! /ate4 ,/ates mu/ be organiz$ on ! 8heav5ly10 t is1 ! ideal1 patt]n4 ,aft] develop+ ! und]/&+ ( ju/ice ?r\gh ! t5 books ( ! 8,republic10 ,socrates concludes3 8,ne$ we hire a h]ald1 or %all ,i proclaim ! result--t ! be/ & ! ju/e/ man is also ! happie/1 & t ?is is he :o is ! mo/ royal ma/] ( himself2 & t ! wor/ & mo/ unju/ man is also ! mo/ mis]able1 & t ?is is he :o is ! greate/ tyrant ( himself & ( 8 /ate40 ,! good citiz5 is describ$ 9 ,plato's 8,laws0 z he :o honors 8 own s\l1 obeys ! laws1 meets ! j dem&s ( ! /ate ) endurance2 :o holds virtue above all o!r good1 tea*es *ildr5 rev]5ce1 in/ead ( be/[+ ^u !m ri*es2 :o sets a good example1 holds a contract z sacr$1 aids ! suff]+2 :o is tru/$ because ( 8 tru?fulness1 does no inju/ice1 ex]ts good influ5ces1 is ambiti\s )\t envy2 :o is g5tle1 =gives ! p5it5t1 loves n self unduly2 :o is *e]ful & hopeful 9 mis=tune2 :o is wise & mod]ate1 & c\rage\s 9 _s4 ,?us ! wisdom ( ! ,greek confirms ! wisdom ( ! ,hebrew1 &1 7 we to trace ! ,*ri/ian tea*+s t con/itute ! true _s ( our mod]n civilization1 we %\ld f9d ^! same maxims1 wr\ght out ) full] und]/&+1 giv5 a ri*] cont5t & a broad] application4 ,! good citiz5 is he :o is true to 8 be/ nature1 & t[>d o!rs is j1 tru?ful1 m]ciful1 & helpful4 ,x requires no new philosophy to solve ! problems ( society1 only a bett] grasp & use ( ! old2 = ! g]ms ( ess5tial tru?s are z old z man1 & h _! orig9 9 ! m9d ( ! ,creator1 :o made ?is a moral _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ea* man1 z a "p ( ! univ]se1 is subject to ! univ]sal w ( ,god reveal$ 9 him2 he1 ?\gh a free ag5t1 is "u univ]sal law1 b9d+ ^u him z %>+ 9 ! common bro!rhood4 ,did a diff]5t univ]se walk "u y\r hat & "u m9e1 !n !re w\ld be no society1 no bro!rhood1 no individual gr[?2 s f> z a man isolates himself 9 selfi%ness & n>r[ness1 he is deta*$ f ! s\rce & life ( 8 be+1 & p]i%es by himself4 ,he rema9s undevelop$1 because ! s\l comes to "k itself only by reflection 9 ! mirror ( k9dr$ natures4 ,! /ate is ! organization t br+s m5 into ! mo/ favorable conditions = ! int]play ( m9d ^u m9d & he>t ^u he>t4 ,z a "p ( ! :ole1 ea* man mu/ h 8 vocation4 ,man is condition$ by ! ne$s ( 8 physical be+4 ,he is compell$ to make requisition on ! fruitfulness ( ! e>?1 ! abundance ( ! sea1 & all ! =ces ( nature4 ,?is dem& ^u 8 en]gies develops 8 intellig5ce & creative p[]4 ,by s]v+ 8 own ne$s he also s]ves o!rs & contributes to a mat]ial civilization favorable to s\l gr[?4 ,! mo/ favorable mat]ial conditions1 h[ev]1 are only ! sc5e = ! play ( spiritual =ces1 & on ?is sc5e "s f9d _! special vocation 9 ar\s+ & guid+ m5tal & moral activities4 ,he :o1 be+ able1 does n contribute by 8 vocation to ! common good1 is a dra9 ^u ! :ole2 he takes )\t giv+1 & has no j %>e 9 ! products ( e>?1 ! protection ( /ate1 or ! favor ( ! ,univ]sal ,fa!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ideal s*ol> is a man ( ri* ?\ght & feel+1 "o :o has realiz$ mu* ( 8 possibility1 has come to a consci\sness ( univ]sal tru?s4 ,he has v>iety1 bread?1 & def9it5ess ( k1 &1 h5ce1 is able m wisely to play 8 "p 9 ! /ate4 ,he is ! cons]vator & transmitt] ( ! ?\ght ( ! ages4 ,f 8 acqua9tance ) ! pa/ he may int]pret ! pres5t4 ,by 8 own activity & inv5tion he may add to ! /ore ( wisdom & ! progress ( civilization4 ,he is able to view broadly ! field ( k4 ,he %\ld judge wisely ( ev5ts1 & be able to sift useless details f ess5tial tru?s4 ,^u him re/s ! responsibility ( hav+ _m tal5ts committ$ to 8 *>ge2 he mu/ ga9 o!r tal5ts4 ,b ?is educat$ p[] is n to be m]ely self-c5tr$4 ,9 ^! days no man is privileg$ to live an unproductive life4 ,! developm5t ( 8 nature & ! enjoym5t ( 8 p[]s is e man's "r2 b m]e s]5e pleasure 9 exalt$ ?\ght & feel+1 z s\ght by ! m$ival recluse1 9 an age :5 ideals mu/ be foll[$ by action1 :5 utility is yok$ to philosophy1 is no long] tol]able 9 s*ol> or sa9t4 ,! _w dem&s ! be/ expression ( e man's be/ ability4 ,! educat$ man %\ld be a man ( action & influ5ce4 ,if he *ooses lit]ature1 he mu/ give mank9d ! result ( 8 deepe/ insight4 ,if he *ooses sci5ce1 he ent]s a va/ field1 & ! _w expects ( ! tra9$ speciali/ "s fre% contribution to k or skillful application 9 us+ ! =ces ( nature4 ,if he *ooses tea*+1 he holds 8 only valid commission f ! wise m5 ( all ages4 ,he is a m$iator betwe5 ! :ole _w ( intellectual & moral wisdom & ! ne$s ( ! pla/ic m9d1 & he is 9 l>ge degree responsible = ! %ape x assumes & its beauty & wor?4 ,"y m9ds w reflect ! ri*ness or pov]ty ( ! ?\ght1 feel+1 & life ( ! tea*]4 ,college-tra9$ educators h a great] responsibility 9 proportion to _! sup]ior advantages4 ,9 :atev] field1 ! educat$ man mu/ use 8 tra9$ p[]s = ! honor ( 8 call+4 ,! _w has special claims ^u ! le>n$ pr(essions4 ,! cli5t pays = ! hone/ s]vice ( ! advocate1 &1 to ! full limit ( ! ju/ice involv$1 he may dem& ! be/ ef=t ( 8 patron4 ,! graduate 9 m$ic9e has a mission1 n alone ( drugs & in/rum5ts1 b ( m9i/]+ to ! m9d diseas$4 ,8 relations call = ! s\l ( honor & delicacy & secrecy4 ,! nature ( 8 pr(ession requires ! mo/ devot$ s]vice4 ,?is dem& = unselfi% public s]vice f ! educat$ has n m]ely an objective significance4 ,a man's full gr[? is1 9 a l>ge measure1 dep5d5t ^u ! effective outw>d expression ( 8 bett] self4 ,man f9ds 8 well-be+ 9 reg>d = ! well-be+ ( o!rs4 ,!re are times :5 ! popul> clamor ( ^? :o see only ! ne> ev5t mu/ be resi/$ by ! /eady c\rage ( citiz5s ( f>-rea*+ vision4 ,"o su* man may see a tru? m cle>ly ?an a ?\s& ( av]age judgm5t4 ,plato surpass$ ! race 9 discov]y ( ! f\ndations ( tru?4 ,cop]nicus p5etrat$ to ! c5tre ( ! sol> sy/em1 &1 !re tak+ 8 /&1 all ! orbs mov$ be=e him 9 h>mony4 ,su* a /&po9t1 amid all ! complexities ( affairs1 is always to be s\ght by m5 ( deep disc]nm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he :o is educat$ by society or by ! /ate /&s "u a peculi> obligation4 ,! /ate says3 ,i (f] y z y\r "r ! be/ opportunities = y\r developm5t2 ,i provide = ! acquisition ( pr(essional & me*anical skill4 ,z a human be+1 = :om ,i am responsible1 y h a claim to ^! privileges2 b ,i give !m also = ! fur!r welf>e & progress ( ! :ole1 & ,i dem& t y use y\r opportunities appreciatively & wisely4 ,i expect y to cons]ve y\r physical be+1 to develop y\r p[]s1 to tra9 y\r m9d = s]vice & y\r he>t to reg>d ! claims ( society4 ,i expect no dw>f$ & di/ort$ gr[?1 b a gr[? t has exp&$ 9 normal beauty & /r5g?4 ,! /ate has tra9$ y t y may be an active factor = ! welf>e & glory ( ! /ate--a factor t %all consid] ! /ate's problems1 %all take "p 9 political affairs1 %all occupy hone/ly positions ( responsibility1 %all /& = ! "r & raise its voice vigor\sly = e j cause1 %all imp>t ( its k & pr(essional skill 9 proportion to ! full measure t has be5 receiv$4 ,good to ! /ate is ! /ate's due2 )hold n t good :5 x is 9 ! p[] ( y\r h& to d x4 ,if y\r p[] is us$ selfi%ly1 if y\r cunn+ is turn$ to ! h>m ( y\r fo/] "m1 if y\r influ5ce leads m5 aside f ! pa? ( moral progress1 ,i dis[n y z unwor?y & ungrateful1 & unconsci\s ( y\r obligations z a man & a citiz54 ,! "n ( a c\ntry /&s = m ?an its t]ritory1 p1 & gov]nm5t4 ,x repres5ts ! pr9ciples & conditions t gave x bir?1 ! battles 9 def5ce ( its integrity & honor1 ! civil conflicts = ! triumph ( ! be/ elem5ts1 ! monum5ts to ! loyalty & sacrifice ( its f\nd]s1 def5d]s1 & pres]v]s4 ,x repres5ts ! glory ( its h]oes1 /atesm51 poets1 & se]s2 x /&s = ! peculi> g5ius & mission ( ! p4 ,x is a h]itage ^: glory is to be ma9ta9$ by ! "*1 wisdom1 & devotion ( all its citiz5s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i d n take ! pessimi/ic view ( political life4 ,m5 9 places ( responsibility are m dispos$ t[>d ! "r ?an is all[$ by _! political oppon5ts4 ,respect is due to our rul]s1 & a man is n to be *>g$ ) wrong motives m]ely because 8 judgm5t is n 9 accord ) ours1 because ! affairs ( /ate or municipality are n p]fectly adm9i/]$1 nor because ( ! exig5cies ( p>ty4 ,t !re is mu* to condemn 9 political conduct is also true1 & corruption1 :e!r 9 ! prim>ies or ! ,presid5cy1 is mo/ pot5t 9 weak5+ ! integrity ( ambiti\s "y m54 ,! be/ influ5ces ( *ur* & s*ool h>dly s]ve to (fset ! t5d5cy ( daily contact ) m5 :o h no ideal /&>ds ( citiz5%ip4 ,! idea ( public ga9 )\t comm5surate public s]vice is a mo/ insidi\s tempt]1 to be resi/$ by e in/9ct ( true manhood4 ,?is is n a matt] ( ab/ract speculation1 b a practical condition "h & n[1 & "o t e educat$ man mu/ face4 ,y recall ! sc5e ( ,%akespe>e1 :]e ,hotspur on ! field ( battle1 8brea?less & we>y0 aft] ! conflict1 enc\nt]$ a c]ta9 "l1 8p]fum$ l a mill9]10 hold+ to 8 nose a p\ncet-box1 & call+ ! soldi]s1 :o bore ! dead bodies by1 untaught knaves1 8to br+ a slov5ly1 unh&some corse betwixt ! w9d & 8 nobility40 ,hotspur adds3 8,x made me mad to see him %9e s brisk1 & smell s sweet1 444 & tell me b = ^! vile guns1 he w\ld himself h be5 a soldi]40 ,i mean no undue disrespect to educat$ & ref9$ g5tlem5 :o /& alo( f ! political field because x smells ( 8villa9\s saltpetre10 & is altoge!r too dirty & dang]\s = _! respectability & ease4 ,! intellig5ce ( ! nation %\ld guide ! nation1 & any educat$ man :o /&s by & views ) indiff]5ce or timidity ! /ruggle = ! triumph ( ! be/ elem5ts ( society & ! be/ pr9ciples1 des]ves ! objurgations ( e valiant ,hotspur 9 ! l&4 ,a m9i/] rec5tly said3 8,x is z mu* y\r duty to att5d ! prim>ies z ! pray]-meet+40 ,i w\ld h educat$ "y m5 take a h& 9 e conte/ :]e ord] & ju/ice & hone/y are endang]$2 ,i w\ld h !m indep5d5tly take a /& ) :atev] p>ty or faction1 at a giv5 "t1 may repres5t ! be/ cause4 ,i w\ld h !m measure public s]vice & public rew>d by ! /rict /&>d ( equity2 ,i w\ld h !m recognize ! duty ( active practical citiz5%ip4 ,! p are ke5 to detect wrong aims 9 political life1 & 9 _! m9ds !y spe$ily relegate ! politician :o %[s himself unwor?y to ! plane ( 8 motives4 ,!y z spe$ily recognize probity & patriotism & devotion to ! commonweal?1 & ! truly royal m5 9 public life are en%r9$ 9 _! he>ts & are made an example to _! *ildr54 ,! majority ( citiz5s are "r 9 _! feel+ & purpose2 _! fault is 9 _! apa?y4 ,edg> ,w4 ,nye1 ! g5ial humori/1 qua9tly express$ a deep ?\ght :5 he said3 8,to-day !re is n a cr[n$ head on ! cont95t ( ,europe t does n recognize ?is great tru?--viz43 t ,god alone1 speak+ ?r\gh ! unit$ voices ( ! common p1 decl>es ! rul+s ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,univ]se40 ,9 ! long run ! voice ( all ! p is j4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury lit]ature we f9d a *oice bit ( tru? & eloqu5ce3 8,( ,law !re c be no less ackn[l$g$ ?an t h] seat is ! ,bosom ( ,god2 h] voice ! h>mony ( ! _w40 ,moral ord] is a "p ( ! b5efic5t law ( ! _w2 only by con=mity to x c an individual or a nation prosp]4 ,if ideals ( tru? & "r are exi/5t 9 ! m9d ( ! ,creator1 are implant$ 9 human nature & reveal$ ?r\gh society1 no "o c escape f _! au?ority4 ,"o ( ! old ,sophi/s decl>$ hone/y to be 8sublime simplicity10 & ^? are yet f\nd :o subscribe to ! cre$4 ,! life t is controll$ by m]e prud5ce is likely at "s "t to commit a fatal error4 ,t ,/ate is s\nd t lives "u ! law ( ,god1 t reg>ds pr9ciples ( "r & ma9ta9s heal?y s5tim5t4 ,,optimism ,,& ,,int]e/4 ,n long ago ,i met an old acqua9tance1 & by way ( greet+ ask$ h[ affairs 7 ) him4 8,all "r10 he repli$2 8bus9ess is look+ up2 ! city is improv+2 ! ,/ate is 9 a bett] condition2 we h a good ,legislature1 a good ,gov]nor2 x is a beautiful day1 a beautiful _w2 ev]y?+ is all "r40 ,& ,i w5t on my way1 m$itat+ on int]e/ & optimism4 ,8 int]e/ 9 life 0 n due to any rec5t /roke ( good =tune1 b 0 habitual4 ,! optimi/ is y\r be/ philosoph]4 ,he adapts himself to ! _w & uses x4 ,he selects ! be/ t life (f]s1 &1 :5 ! sky is gloomy1 he lives 9 hope ( bright days4 ,he has fai? 9 ! ultimate b5efic5t outcome ( ! plan ( ! ,creator4 ,z !re is light = ! eye1 s\nd = ! e>1 =m = ! t\*1 aromas = ! smell1 food = ! ta/e1 s !re is an object 9 ! out] _w1 adapt$ to e human in/9ct & impulse4 ,! impulse = life & action1 ! desire = prop]ty1 ! impulse = fri5d%ip1 ! impulses ( wond]1 /hetic admiration1 & religi\s wor%ip--ea* has its objective c\nt]p>t4 ,man is adju/$ to 8 environm5t1 & 8 environm5t includes ! :ole r\nd _w ( utility & s5tim5t4 ,human life is p]petual activity1 a se>*+ = objects t w meet mat]ial ne$s & conduce to spiritual developm5t4 ,! feel+ ( int]e/ arises :5 ! m9d f9ds ! object ( its se>* or feels t x is on ! "r track4 ,int]e/ is ! condition ( ! m9d t makes a ?+ ( value to u4 ,x is ! cry ( ,eureka :5 a fitt+ discov]y is made4 ,x is ! magnetic relation betwe5 impulse & ! end at :i* x aims1 betwe5 man & ! out] _w1 betwe5 man & himself4 ,x makes life wor? liv+1 & is ! secret ( activity & progress4 ,inasmu* z int]e/ %[s ! k9d ( objects t appeal to ! m9d1 x is a revelation ( "*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! objects1 :i* a man may *]i% are limitless4 ,he may rejoice 9 8 /r5g?1 8 p]sonal adornm5t1 8 l&s & money1 8 books & works ( art4 ,he may f9d an eag] int]e/ 9 8 own image z pictur$ 9 ! m9ds ( 8 relatives1 fri5ds1 or fell[ citiz5s4 ,he may take pride 9 family or 9 p]sonal glory & honor4 ,m5 pose be=e ! _w2 !y act (t5 ) ref]5ce to ! appreciation !y w receive4 ,x is told t ! poet ,keats c\ld n live )\t applause4 ,c>lyle says m5 write hi/ory1 n ) supreme reg>d = facts1 b = ! writ+4 ,n]o conceiv$ t he 0 a musician1 poet1 & actor1 surpass+ 9 m]it ! g5iuses ( 8 age4 ,man's attitude t[>d wisdom & religion1 ! quality ( 8 ?\ghts & feel+s1 8 aspirations1 con/itute 8 spiritual int]e/4 ,! s5tim5ts ( 8 s\l are 82 = !m he is responsible1 & 9 !m he f9ds satisfaction or humiliation4 ,z "o =gets self & self-int]e/1 m & m he makes ! :ole _w 8 possession4 ,nature1 ! welf>e ( o!rs1 man 9 hi/ory & lit]ature1 ! ,mak] ( all1 may become objects ( reg>d4 ,a ,fr5* nobleman :o 9 ! vicissitudes ( revolution lo/ 8 e/ates & titles1 b receiv$ a small p5sion f ! gov]nm5t1 became a philosoph] & _h ! _w at 8 comm&4 ,= slight pay1 will+ s]vice = 8 daily ne$s 0 82 private g>d5s1 public p>ks1 ! broad l&scape1 ! sky 7 8 to enjoy1 & he 0 free f c>e & fe>4 ,"s int]e/s are univ]sal1 n ! h]itage & possession ( "o1 b1 l sun & air1 free4 ,!y fall 8z ! g5tle ra9 f heav5 ^u ! place b5ea?10 & bless him t receives4 ,ri* 9 exp]i5ce is he :o c see 9 ! drift$ gleam+ sn[s on our m\nta9 peaks m ?an ! summ]'s irrigation1 9 ! gre5 pla9s ( ,may m ?an ! gr[+ crops ( :eat & alfalfa1 9 ! or*>d bloom m ?an ! promise ( fruit1 9 public education & *>ity m ?an political & social prud5ce1 9 religi\s devotion m ?an conv5tionality4 ,= him bless+s come on ! morn+ breeze1 gleam f ! midnight sky1 appe> 9 ! quality ( m]cy1 & spr+ f communion ) ! ,s\l ( ,nature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,prome!us is said to h giv5 to m5 a portion ( all ! qualities possess$ by ! o!r animals--! lion1 ! monkey1 ! wolf--h5ce ! _m traits t are manife/ 9 8 complex nature4 ,!re is a slight sugge/ion ( evolution 9 ?is--t man is b ! highe/ /age ( animal developm5t1 & t 8 ref9$ emotions are b ! in/9cts ( ! l[] ord]s modifi$ by complex gr\p+s4 ,we grant ! process1 b n necess>ily ! inf]5ce4 ,an apple is none ! less an apple because x is ! product ( an unbrok5 developm5t f a g]m & simple %oot4 ,! _s ( self-sacrifice ne$ be none ! less valid because x is a late phase ( "s simple in/9ct4 ,we believe ! _w 0 fa%ion$ accord+ to an intellig5t plan1 a plan gradually realiz$1 & t its mean+ is f\nd1 n 9 ! l[]1 b 9 ! high] /ages ( developm5t4 ,we expla9 ! purpose ( creation1 n by ! fir/ /ruggle ( a protozoan = food1 b by ! la/ aspiration ( man = heav54 8,f h>mony1 f heav5ly h>mony1 ,?is univ]sal frame began3 ,f h>mony to h>mony ,?r\gh all ! compass ( ! notes x ran1 ,! diapason clos+ full 9 ,man40 ,! late/ sci5ce hesitates to "q ! validity ( our high] emotional life4 ,x is becom+ antiquat$ to say t1 because we are desc5d$ f animals1 our s5se ( duty1 our feel+s ( fai? & rev]5ce h no m significance ?an ! animal in/9cts f :i* !y may h develop$4 ,!re !y are 9 all _! ref9em5t1 ne$1 & sugge/iv5ess1 &1 z su*1 are a prop] gr\nd ( belief4 ,a late philosophical evolutioni/ says x is useless to !orize ab\t our impulse to pray1 its use or futility--we pray because we _c help pray+4 ,evolution is und]go+ ! te/ ( ! la/ /age ( a sci5tific process--9 ?is in/ance t ( fitness to expla9 ! facts ( man's nature4 ,x may n escape ! te/ by d5y+ ! facts4 ,p>don ! seem+ digression1 b ! reasonabl5ess ( our fai? is ! gr\nd ( int]e/4 ,int]e/ vani%es ) ! g5u95ess ( our suppos$ treasure4 ,we d n l to h&le c\nt]feit co92 we d n value antiquities & sacr$ relics ( mod]n manufacture1 or mem5tos t no long] repres5t *]i%$ memories4 ,mu* t /imulates ! high] life w\ld p]i% did we d\bt ! tru? ( our nature2 ! glory ( ! _w w\ld dep>t 7 ! s\l lo/ out ( x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s int]e/s h sacr$ claims above o!rs2 !re is a hi]>*y among/ our impulses4 ,analyze ! fact z we may1 duty /ill rema9s4 ,moral laws & _! practical application are progressively reveal$ by ! relations ( m5 9 society4 ,we may believe ! laws are !re 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 b t our discov]y ( !m is gradual1 z is ! discov]y ( ! un*ang+ laws ( physics4 ,! moral problem is ! old "o ( ! /ruggle betwe5 light & d>kness1 betwe5 good & evil1 betwe5 duty & pleasure--! problem ( responsibility1 "*1 & de/9y4 ,9 its mod]n =m x is ! problem ( utility1 t is1 ( life & happ9ess4 ,b utilit>ianism includes1 & ev] mu/ include1 ! happ9ess t comes f ! ex]cise ( ! high] spiritual functions1 f ! s5se ( duty p]=m$1 & f belief 9 div9e approbation4 ,int]e/s *os5 & pursu$ reveal ! "*4 ,m5 d n ga!r grapes ( ?orns nor figs ( ?i/les4 8,a good tree c n br+ =? evil fruit2 nei!r c a corrupt tree br+ =? good fruit40 ,! outw>d act is b ! visible expression ( ! inn] life4 ,!re is some?+ m ?an a pleas+ my? 9 ! ,greek conception ( *oos+ ! lot ( life4 ,e responsible act ( free w is gradually fix+ our de/9y4 ,! conduct ( life is n a s]ies ( skirmi%es ) fate2 x is fate itself1 & a ?+ l>gely ( our own creation4 ,we are con/ruct+ ! future out ( ! pres5t4 ,= ! goal t we may f9ally rea* we are ev5 n[ runn+ ! race1 ! direction is already *os51 &1 if we f9d ourselves on ! wrong road1 "t is already lo/4 ,times *ange1 sci5ce br+s 9 new conceptions1 sup]/itions vani%1 beliefs are modifi$1 new conditions & duties arise4 ,b z ! sc5es %ift & new actors come on ! /age1 ! !mes are /ill human hi/ory1 com$y1 & trag$y4 ,! argum5t ( ! play is /ill ! triumph ( h]oism & ! rew>d ( virtue4 ,! spectators /ill smile at innoc5t pleasures1 weep ) mis=tune1 & applaud s5tim5t & wor?1 & ! or*e/ra /ill plays ! triumph or ! dirge z ! curta9 falls on ! f9al sc5e4 ,! ideals ( ! sa9ts1 ! c\rage ( h]oes1 ! suff]+s ( m>tyrs /ill tea* _! lesson4 ,rev]5ce = ,god1 ju/ice1 b5evol5ce1 ! e?ical wor? ( ! individual are /ill dom9ant ideas4 ,if our ideals are less sev]e1 !y are m practical2 if our h]oism is less ph5om5al1 x takes on new =ms or is res]v$ = imp]ative ne$2 if we %r9k f m>tyrdom1 x may be because m>tyrdom is sometimes folly2 if we wor%ip ) less zeal1 we are m consci\s ( ! rational gr\nds ( wor%ip4 ,our ju/ice & b5evol5ce h become m useful & practical1 & rea* all m54 ,! problems ( physical com=t & mat]ial progress1 ( practical *>ity1 ( political ju/ice1 ( social purity1 ( ! rights ( all classes ( m51 ( education1 ( peace & good w1 ( ! true gr\nds ( religi\s fai? are at ! front1 & claim our int]e/ & devotion4 ,romance is n dead4 ,! mod]n h]o has 8 opportunity1 an opportunity op5 z nev] be=e to all k9ds & conditions ( m54 ,e educat$ "y man has an unlimit$ field1 a free lance1 & a cause wor?y ( 8 valor4 ,let him g =?1 z an ideal knight ( old1 pure 9 he>t & life1 ) consecrat$ sword1 to aid mis=tune1 to def5d ! p1 & fight bravely = tru? & "r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h se5 "y m5 go+ ab\t1 dally+ ) ?is or t pleasure1 physically lazy1 m5tally indol5t1 morally indiff]5t1 burd5$ ) ennui1 aimless1 mak+ no /ruggle4 ,w p[] mu/ be awak5$1 life giv5 to ! me*anism1 or x w g to ru/ & decay4 ,:ile !re is hope !re is life4 ,:5 int]e/ is gone1 ! m9d & _s are dead1 & ! body is dy+4 ,:at a hopeless lump ( clay is he :o1 /&+ 9 ?is inf9itely glori\s _w ( ours & hav+ eyes sees n1 hav+ e>s he>s n1 & hav+ a he>t und]/&s n4 ,:at %all m5 d :o h n come to a consci\sness ( _! bett] impulses1 to :om ! numb] & wor? ( human possibilities are unkn[n1 :o h hidd51 sil5t *ords1 await+ ! t\* t w set !m vibrat+8 ,pla9ly by /udy+ ! highe/ types ( m51 ! complet5ess ( ^: inn] life is reveal$ 9 _! de$s & ?\ghts4 ,by contact ) a bett] ?an himself "o comes to "k 8 bett] self4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( great companion%ip1 :e!r 9 life or lit]ature1 new conceptions may appe> 9 ! vacant s\l4 ,a popul> "w ( fiction lately publi%$ %[s incid5tally h[ great conceptions may gr[ 9 a =eign & incong5ial soil4 ,x treats ( ! times ( ,n]o & ! e>ly /ruggles ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,rome4 ,amid/ t folly1 pr(ligacy1 debau*]y1 /rife1 & cruelty1 ! ,*ri/ian purity1 humility1 bro!rly love1 & fai? 9 ,god are made to /& =? 9 _w-wide contra/4 ,?r\gh a s]ies ( dramatic ev5ts1 possess+ = him a p[]ful int]e/1 a ,roman patrician comes to receive ! ,*ri/ian ideas1 &1 "u ! nurture ( int]e/1 !y gradually wax /rong & become ! dom9ant impulses ( 8 be+4 ,a fell[ patrician1 ma9ta9+ a p]si/5t attitude ( indiff]5ce to ! new tru?s1 lives & dies1 to ! la/ a deg5]ate ,roman & a ,/oic4 ,a remote int]e/ ^: atta9m5t is d\btful may come to :olly possess ! m9d4 ,a "y man1 misund]/ood & und]e/imat$ by fri5ds1 suff]+ ye>s ( unrequit$ ef=t1 p]sev]+ 9 sil5t det]m9ation1 /&+ = ! "r1 mak+ fri5ds ) all classes1 seiz+ /rongly ! giv5 opportunity1 defy+ popul>ity1 & !reby w9n+ x1 may gradually rise to prom95ce ?r\gh long ye>s ( focus+ ( ef=t4 ,man's free w makes him responsible = 8 int]e/s4 ,ari/otle's dictum comes d[n to u 9 an unbrok5 l9e ( royal desc5t3 ,le>n to f9d int]e/ 9 "r ?+s4 ,repugnance to ! /]ne/ dem&s ( duty may be conv]t$ into lik+1 &1 9 ! process1 "* is made4 ,if y h a ne$ = ma!matics1 sci5ce1 hi/ory1 poetry1 or philan?ropy1 cultivate x1 & int]e/ w come z a b5$iction ^u ! ef=t4 ,i sometimes ?9k ! gods love ^? :o 9 y\? are compell$ to walk 9 h>d pa?s4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+ has a trace ( imp]ialism :i* is n ! lea/ valuable feature ( 8 unique writ+s4 ,9 a late /ory he describes ! trans=mation ( a son ( weal? :o is already f> on ! road to folly--"o ( ^? n]v\s1 high-/rung lads :o 9 ! face ( h>d%ip hides beh9d 8 "m1 & is a p>ticul> nuisance to all s5sitive p4 ,cross+ ! ocean 9 a palatial /eam]1 he *ances to roll (f into ! ,atlantic & is conv5i5tly haul$ abo>d a fi%+ s*oon]1 out = a ?ree mon?s' trip4 ,he has lit]ally tumbl$ into a new life1 :]e he is duly :ipp$ into a prop] frame ( m9d & made to e>n 8 passage & a small wage1 by %>+ ! h>d%ips ( ! fi%]m54 ,9 "t he is return$ to 8 p>5ts1 toge!r ) a bonus ( newly acquir$ common s5se & love = useful "w4 ,h>d%ip did = him :at all 8 fa!r's weal? c\ld n buy4 ,x is 9 ! "t ( ne$ t m5 seek ultimate reality4 ,a sci5tific writ]1 aft] speak+ ( our int]e/ 9 ! fri5d%ip & appreciation ( m51 ref]s to our ne$ ( fri5d%ip & appreciation 9 our "t ( /]n trial1 :5 we /& alone 9 ! p]=mance ( duty4 ,!n we h an intuitive consci\sness ( a ,be+ supremely j & appreciative1 :o recognizes wor? at its exact value1 & w duly rew>d4 ,we feel t 9 ,him we live & move & h our be+4 ,! f9ite conditions ( life drive u to ! ?\ght ( an inf9ite ,"o1 :o possesses 9 _! fullness ! ideals imp]fectly realiz$ 9 u4 ,:5 ! _w sw+s f "u our feet we ne$ a hold on heav54 ,9 ^! mod]n days we ne$ ! _s ( ! h]o :o places honor above life1 ! _s t places "* above mat]ial advantage4 ,)\t x we are l ,fal/aff1 go+ ab\t ask+ 8,:at is honor80 & compla9+ because x 8ha? no skill 9 surg]y40 ,balzac1 describ+ "o ( 8 human types1 pa9ts a /rik+ picture4 ,a mis] is on 8 dea? b$4 ,z ! supreme mom5t approa*es1 & a gold5 crucifix is held be=e 8 face1 he fixes 8 glaz+ eyes ^u x ) a look ( mis]ly gre$1 &1 ) a f9al ef=t ( 8 palsi$ h&1 attempts to grasp x4 ,he takes ) him to ! o!r _w 9 8 s\l ! gold1 n ! ,*ri/ crucifi$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are p :o dem& a s]ies ( ev] v>i$1 ?rill+1 fully satisfy+ emotional exp]i5ces4 ,= !m 8! high] life consi/s 9 a sort ( en?usia/ic fickl5ess4 ,! g5ius mu/ w&] l a humm+-bird 9 ! g>d5 ( div9e emotions40 ,:5 !y d n save !mselves by devotion to s*ol>ly "w or by refuge 9 ! *ur*1 !y frequ5tly end 9 pessimism1 madness1 or suicide4 ,!y exalt ! ,ego1 d n lose self 9 ! pursuit ( prop] objects ( utility4 ,nordau has done ! _w "o s]vice 9 br&+ !m z deg5]ates1 liv+ 9 abnormal excitem5t1 in/ead ( employ+ ! calm1 /rong1 balanc$ use ( _! p[]s4 ,_! fate is fitt+ly sugge/$ by a *oice s5t5ce f a well-kn[n writ]1 describ+ ,byron's 8,don ,juan03 8,x is a m\nta9 /ream1 plung+ d[n dreadful *asms1 s++ ?r\gh gr& =e/s1 & los+ itself 9 a lifeless gray alkali des]t40 ,goe!'s ,fau/ sets =?--be x not$1 "u ! guidance ( ! devil--to f9d complete enjoym5t1 & tries ! :ole r\nd ( exp]i5ce4 ,ev]y?+ palls ^u him1 until he at la/ f9ds p]man5t satisfaction 9 e>ne/ practical labor = ! welf>e ( 8 fell[-m54 ,9 ! words ( ,fau/3 8,he only e>ns 8 fre$om & exi/5ce ,:o daily conqu]s !m anew40 ,labor6 ,x is ! secret ( happ9ess4 ,we are born bundles ( self-activity1 9 infancy ev] develop+ our p[]s by ceaseless movem5t1 ) eag] curiosity ev] rea*+ out t[>d k ( ext]nal ?+s1 ev] labor+ & con/ruct+ 9 imitation ( ! great1 work+ _w4 ,unless our en]gies are wa/$ by folly & our he>ts are *ill$ by cu/om1 x is ! natural condition1 ev5 z *ildr51 old] & wis]1 b /ill z *ildr51 ev] to ext5d ) en?usiasm ! b\nd>y ( k1 & 9 reality to jo9 9 ! labor :i* 0 ! play-"w ( our *ildhood4 ,& :5 our ef=t ov]comes1 creates1 develops p[]1 aids humanity1 we are consci\s ( ! joy ( true liv+4 ,9 our "w self mu/ be put 9 ! backgr\nd4 8,he t lose? 8 life %all f9d x40 ,! great ,goe!1 once weigh$ d[n ) a mighty sorr[1 =got 8 grief 9 ! /udy ( a new & difficult sci5ce4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t int]e/ & happ9ess may n atta* to duty4 ,duty is n a dead1 b>r5 plant t no m w put =? gre5 leaves & blossom4 ,philan?ropi/s d n ne$ our sympa?y4 ,a man ( le>n+1 culture1 & ability1 capable ( enjoy+ ke5ly ! am5ities ( civilization1 & ( w9n+ worldly success1 goes on a mission to ! int]ior ( ,d>ke/ ,africa4 ,amid h>d%ips & dang]s1 he (f]s 8 life to help an ali5 race 9 its suff]+1 ignorance1 & savag]y4 ,he makes ?is devotion 8 supreme int]e/1 & :o %all say t 8 satisfaction w n be z great z t ( ! mo/ favor$ son ( weal? amid ! luxuries ( civilization8 8,he t goe? =? & weepe?1 be>+ preci\s se$1 %all d\btless come aga9 ) rejoic+1 br++ 8 %eaves ) him40 ,"o great purpose ( education is to increase & /r5g!n our int]e/s4 ,x %[s ! _m fields ( labor & gives u p[] to "w !re92 x reveals ! laws & beauties ( ! natural _w2 x introduces u to _m l&s & peoples1 & acqua9ts u ) ! problems & means ( progress2 x op5s to u ! treasury ( man's be/ ?\ghts2 x gives u philosophical & poetic insight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sydney ,smi?1 indulg+ "o ( 8 qua9t conceits1 says3 8,if y *oose to repres5t ! v>i\s p>ts 9 life by holes ^u a table1 ( diff]5t %apes--"s circul>1 "s triangul>1 "s squ>e1 "s oblong--& ! p]sons act+ ^! p>ts by bits ( wood ( simil> %apes1 we %all g5]ally f9d t ! triangul> p]son has got into ! squ>e hole1 ! oblong into ! triangul>1 & a squ>e p]son has squeez$ himself into ! r\nd hole40 ,?is fancy has "s tru?1 b m ( nons5se4 8,m5 at "s "t are ma/]s ( _! fates40 ,create y\r place 9 life & fill x1 or adapt y\rself to ! be/ place y c f9d4 ,! *oice ( occupation is important1 b fill+ well ! pr(ession *os5 is m important4 ,turn y\r k & p[] to ! p]=mance ( to-day's duty4 ,l[ell 9 8 8,vision ( ,sir ,launfal0 imp>ts "o ( ! sweete/ lessons man may le>n4 ,sir ,launfal is to set =? on ! morr[ 9 se>* ( ! ,holy ,grail1 ! cup us$ by our ,savi\r at ! la/ supp]1 & 9 8 sleep !re comes to him a true vision4 ,z 9 8 dream he rides =? ) pride ( he>t1 at 8 ca/le gate a lep] begs alms1 & 9 scorn he tosses him a piece ( gold4 ,ye>s ( fruitless se>* pass1 & z he returns old1 brok51 poor1 & homeless1 he aga9 meets ! lep] at ! ca/le gate1 & 9 ,*ri/'s "n he (f]s a cup ( wat]4 ,& lo6 ! lep] /&s =? z ! ,son ( ,god1 & proclaims ! ,holy ,grail is f\nd 9 ! wood5 cup %>$ ) communion ( he>t4 ,! morn came & ,sir ,launfal hung up 8 idle armor4 ,he _h f\nd ! object ( 8 que/ 9 ! humble duty at h&4 ,a poet ( our day qua9tly b n irrev]5tly writes ( ! future life1 8,:5 ! ,ma/] ( all ,good ,workm5 %all set u to "w anew40 ,!re we %all "w = ! joy ( x2 !re we %all "k ?+s 9 _! reality2 !re we %all enjoy ! p]fect appreciation ( ! ,ma/]1 & "k ! bless$ness ( labor p]=m$ 9 ,8 s]vice4 ,?us ! lesson is good = ?is _w z well z ! next4 8,& only ! ,ma/] %all praise u1 & only ! ,ma/] %all blame2 ,& no "o %all "w = money1 & no "o %all "w = fame2 ,b ea* = ! joy ( ! work+1 & ea*1 9 8 sep>ate />1 ,%all draw ! ,?+ z he sees ,x = ! ,god ( ,?+s z ,!y ,are40 ,,! ,,e?ical ,,& ,,/hetic ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,education4 ,a hi/oric s5tim5t is associat$ ) ! laurel tree1 sacr$ to ,apollo2 ) ! laurel wrea? :i* cr[n$ ! victor 9 ! ,py?ian games1 0 ! emblem ( ! poet1 re/$ ^u ! heads ( victori\s g5]als1 lat] indicat$ academic honors1 & has become a figure ( spee* & a gem 9 poetic lit]ature4 ,! ,baccalaureate ,day--! day :5 victors 9 ! endeavor to rea* ! graduate's goal figuratively are cr[n$ ) ! fruit$ laurel--we w\ld pres]ve4 ,we w\ld pres]ve x = its hi/ory1 its significance1 its associations1 its s5tim5ts1 its memories1 its promise1 & its religi\s sugge/ion4 ,we w\ld pres]ve x1 n only to celebrate s*ola/ic honors already won1 b z a fitt+ occasion to consid] "s ( ^? deep] lessons ^: mean+ w appe> ?r\gh exp]i5ce 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,high] education ev] enl>ges ! bord]s ( sci5ce & leads =? into new fields4 ,x transmutes sup]/ition into k4 ,x is ! _s ( civilization & ! lead] ( progress4 ,x /&s at ! summit ( human developm5t1 repres5ts ! aggregate ( human k1 is ! goal = intellectual endeavor1 & x po9ts ! way = ! discov]y & progress ( ! future4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 _m s*ol>s turn$ ! pages ( lit]ature1 9 :i* 7 pres]v$ ! de$s1 inve/igations1 & ?\ghts ( m51 solely t !y might develop & enjoy _! own p[]s2 :5 !y devot$ !mselves to ,tru? = its own sake2 :5 !y /ood isolat$1 z 9 a _w ( _! own1 consid]+ naught b _! own welf>e &1 p]haps1 _! relation to _! ,mak]4 ,m5 dwelt 9 caves1 9 remote des]ts1 or )9 gloomy walls to dw>f ! bodily & worldly impulses & to rise to a s]5e contemplation ( ,god & ,8 tru?s1 disreg>d+ ! appeal ( ignorant or suff]+ humanity & ! duty ( add+ works to fai?4 ,our relations to our fell[-m5 give rise to ne>ly ! entire ,e?ical ,code4 ,society c>es = u1 educates u1 develops u1 & x has claims ^u u1 n on purely selfi% or utilit>ian gr\nds1 b "u a high] e?ical idea1 ^: sanction is ! p]fection & w ( ,god4 ,! law ( ,god requires ef=t = humanity1 gov]nm5t enjo9s x1 *>ity dem&s x4 ,! ,associationi/1 ! ,utilit>ian1 & ! ,evolutioni/ tea* x4 ,an honorable "* & a useful life are full ( influ5ce4 ,& !re are hundr$s ( ways1 9 "s ( :i*1 )\t burd5some ef=t1 "o may be a bless+ to o!rs4 ,ignorance may be awak5$ to its condition1 vice may be %am$1 sorr[ may be assuag$1 fe> may be *ang$ into hope1 slo? may be ar\s$ to action1 d\bt may be conv]t$ into fai?4 ,g =? & jo9 9 ! labor y are fitt$ =4 ,if y h a tru?1 utt] x2 if y h _h sup]ior privileges1 imp>t to o!rs2 if y h an insight into pr9ciples ( conduct1 /& = !m2 if y h a tra9$ eye & a deft h&1 use y\r skill4 ,ext]nalize ! p[]s ( y\r be+2 f9d outw>d expression = y\r inw>d ?\ght4 ,?ank ,god = a c\rage\s man1 a true ,anglo-,saxon man1 a man ^: convictions are deeply root$1 & :o gu>ds !m z 8 v life4 ,h]oes1 philan?ropi/s1 & m>tyrs are 8 exempl>s4 ,he has a "w to d1 & he ent]s ^u x z 8 fa!rs battl$ = ! "r4 ,! s5suali/1 ! dream]1 & ! fatali/ lie sup9e1 are lull$ by ! summ] breeze1 & gaze ^u ! drift+ panorama ( cl\ds ) playful imag9ation4 ,! man ( duty m>*es =? & takes ! fix$ />s = 8 guide4 ,! educat$ "y man ( to-day has e reason to ?ank ! />s "u :i* he 0 born4 ,beh9d him is ! tea*+ ( ! civiliz$ _w--! poetry & art ( ,greece1 ! laws & in/itutions ( ,rome1 ! gr[? ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,m$ival comm+l+ ( =ces & evolution ( r>e products1 ! ,r5aissance1 ! religi\s & political emancipation1 inv5tion1 sci5ce1 art1 poetry1 & philosophy4 ,beh9d him is ! hi/ory ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race1 its c\rage & de$s ( valor1 its pr(\nd e>ne/ness1 its /]n ideals4 ,beh9d him is ,puritan ,new ,engl& & lib]ty4 ,ar\nd him lies ! new l& ( promise ) its natural bless+s ( air1 sun1 m\nta9s1 & pla9s1 ) its m9]al weal? & indu/rial possibility1 ) its p ( pride1 en]gy1 intellig5ce1 & high en?usiasm4 ,be=e him lie ! developm5t ( a great & unique civilization1 a wond] ( mat]ial progress1 a r>e gr[? ( poetic p[] & free _s "u new & fo/]+ conditions4 ,be=e ! y\? ( ?is ,/ate is ! possibility ( success 9 any pursuit1 ( rise to influ5ce1 ( contribut+ to ! =mative p]iod ( a new commonweal?4 ,!re is e inducem5t to be a c\rage\s1 en]getic1 & ideal man4 ,^? :o h made our hi/ory1 mo/ ( !m1 are /ill liv+1 b _! "w is ne>ly accompli%$1 & y w take up ! responsibility4 ,may our great sy/em ( public in/ruction contribute to fill ! ,/ate 9 com+ decades ) noble m5 & wom5 :o are n afraid ( ideals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,man may deceive o!rs1 b is %am$ at ! tribunal ( 8 own bett] judgm5t4 ,a celebrat$ lectur] describes :at he calls ! 8,laught] ( ! ,s\l at ,itself10 8a laught] t x r>ely he>s m ?an once )\t he>+ x =ev]40 ,he says3 8,y w\ld call me a p>tisan if ,i 7 to describe an int]nal bur/ ( laught] ( consci5ce at ! s\l4 ,!re=e let ,%akespe>e1 let ,ri*t]1 let ,victor ,hugo1 let cool secul> hi/ory put be=e u ! facts ( human nature40 ,we may ref] to "o illu/ration3 ,jean ,valjean1 "o ( ,hugo's *>act]s1 an escap$ & re=m$ convict1 0 ab\t to see an innoc5t man condemn$ = 8 own act1 ?r\gh mi/ak5 id5tity4 ,he tri$ to make himself believe self-pres]vation 0 ju/ifiable1 & z ! m5tal /ruggle betwe5 ,self & ,duty w5t on he seem$ to he> a voice3 8,make y\rself a mask if y please2 b1 al?\gh man sees y\r mask1 ,god w see y\r face2 al?\gh y\r neighbors see y\r life1 ,god w see y\r consci5ce40 ,& aga9 came ! int]nal bur/ ( laught]4 ,! au?or proce$s3 8,valjean f9ally confess$ 8 id5tity2 & ! c\rt & audi5ce1 :5 he utt]$ ! words1 #8,i am ,jean ,valjean1' #8felt dazzl$ 9 _! he>ts1 & t a great light 0 %9+ be=e !m4'0 99 99 99 99 99 ,sci5ce does away ) sup]/ition & _m an error1 x makes kn[n ! laws ( nature1 x applies !m to practical ends1 x is ! h&maid ( civilization1 x emphasizes ! welf>e ( humanity1 x %[s ! work+ ( ! me*anism )9 ! field ( demon/rative k1 ! f9ite1 kn[able l& ( ! real4 ,sci5ce exce$s its purpose only :5ev] x proclaims t !re is no field ( spiritual k1 glimpses ( :i* may be se5 by s\ls t dwell ^u ! heights4 ,"s w\ld measure ! e>? ) a c>p5t]'s rule1 =gett+ ,him 8,:o ha? measur$ ! wat]s 9 ! holl[ ( ,8 h&1 & met$ out ,heav5 ) ! span1 & compreh5d$ ! du/ ( ! e>? 9 a measure1 & weigh$ ! m\nta9s 9 scales1 & ! hills 9 a balance40 ,c>lyle says3 8,religion 9 mo/ c\ntries is no long] :at x 01 & %\ld be--a ?\s&-voic$ psalm f ! he>t ( man to ! invisible ,fa!r1 ! f\nta9 ( all goodness1 beauty1 tru?1 & reveal$ 9 e revelation ( ^!2 b = ! mo/ "p a wise1 prud5tial feel+1 gr\nd$ on m]e calculation1 a matt]1 z all o!rs n[ are1 ( exp$i5cy & utility2 :]eby "s small] quantum ( e>?ly enjoym5t may be ex*ang$ = a l>g] quantum ( cele/ial enjoym5t40 ,b aga9 & m truly he says3 8,religion _c pass away4 ,! burn+ ( a little /raw may hide ! />s ( ! sky1 b ! />s are !re & w reappe>40 ,once a pupil ask$ to be excus$ f ex]cises 9 :i* *oice extracts f ! ,bible 7 sometimes read1 simply because !y 7 f ! ,bible2 b he li/5$ ) pleasure to good ?\ghts f o!r books1 ?\gh ^! books conta9$ _m a palpable error4 ,aside f ! view :i* makes ! ,bible ! ,sacr$ ,book ( ! ,*ri/ian believ]1 he _h n ?\ght ( its value to a l>ge portion ( ! human race4 ,he _h n reg>d$ x 9 ! light ( hi/ory & philosophy4 ,! ideals = :i* ! ,hebrew race has /ood1 ! wond]ful prophecies ( great & f>-see+ m51 ! gr& poems ( fai? & promise1 ! words ( cond5s$ wisdom1 ! maxims = "r liv+1 ! ,beatitudes1 ! tea*+ ( ! ,p>ables1 ! _s ( adoration1 ! moral code1 ! allegorical wisdom nev] _h be5 contemplat$ ap>t f ! religi\s view1 aga9/ :i* he _h imbib$ a prejudice4 ,p]mit me to speak f ! /&po9t ( hi/ory & philosophy4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion is a *ief s\rce ( our peculi> civilization1 ( ! "* ( our in/itutions1 ( ! gr[? ( altruism1 ( ! equality ( man1 ( ! supreme wor? ( ! inn] motive1 ( *>ity1 ( lib]ty4 ,x has giv5 ! _w ! highe/ examples ( pure & devot$ lives4 ,i h a fri5d :o is /ruck ) ! tale ( h[ ,buddha1 we>+ a ,brahman's =m1 :5 8dr\ght )]$ all ! l&10 enc\nt]$ a />v+ tigress ) h] cubs1 &1 9 ! unb\nd$ pity ( 8 he>t1 (f]$ himself a sacrifice to _! hung]4 ,he says3 8,"h is a beautiful religion = me40 ,& yet he is n t\*$ by ! /ory ( a ,savi\r :o c>ri$ ! burd5 ( ! pa9s & sorr[s ( _m & di$ t !y might live4 ,disreg>d no good1 :]ev] f\nd4 ,! human race mu/ h its ideals4 ,?\s&s h felt :at a fam\s man has express$1 t1 7 !re no religion1 m5 w\ld ( necessity inv5t x & wor%ip a false idea4 ,! religion ( ,mohamm$ is bett] ?an ! idolatry ( ! ,arab2 ! idolatry ( ! ,arab 0 bett] ?an no?+4 ,! races--ea* at its own /age--h be5 improv$ by _! religions4 ,! ,sc&9avian conception ( ,walhalla2 ! ,anci5t ,oracle at ,dodona1 :]e ! prie/s 9 gloomy groves caught ! responses ( ,zeus f ! :isp]+s ( ! sacr$ oaks2 ! ance/or wor%ip ( ! ,*9ese1 ! sy/em ( symbolism 9 ,egypt--all repres5t$ ! /ruggle t[>d ideal life & ! notion ( retributive ju/ice4 ,) b[$ head & rev]5tial he>t ,i w\ld /& 9 ! pres5ce ( any s9c]e devotion1 ! uplift+ ( ! s\l 9 pray] to ! ,god ( its fai?2 h[ mu* m 9 ! pres5ce ( t wor%ip :i* ! be/ intellig5ce ( ! be/ races has accept$4 ,& h[ (t5 "o mis9t]prets ! real mean+ ( an ali5 religion4 ,! 8,light ( ,asia0 gives a mean+ to ,nirvana nev] he>d f ! pulpit3 8,=ego+ self1 ! ,univ]se gr[s #8,i'2 ,if any tea* ,,nirvana is to cease1 ,say unto su* !y lie40 ,let "y m5 le>n z a common-s5se proposition t1 ?\gh cre$s may *ange1 ?\gh !re may be frequ5t readju/m5ts ( !ological beliefs1 ! religi\s s5tim5t is an ess5tial fact ( our nature1 & has a mean+ ! dep? ( :i* !y h n s\nd$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! love ( ,art is necess>y to ! complete man4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! cold1 intellectual _s1 "o atta9s a high /&>d ( humanity only :5 he possesses a he>t w>m$ & ennobl$ by a vivid conception ( ! ,beautiful f\nd 9 ! ra9b[1 ! color ( ! leaf1 & ! sp>kle ( ! rill1 works fram$ 9 nature & hung 9 ,god's great art gall]y--! univ]se4 ,man sees ! real _s %9+ ?r\gh mat]ial =ms1 & ar*itecture1 sculpture1 pa9t+1 music1 & poetry foll[4 ,noble ?\ght & action1 "r & tru?1 all p]fect ?+s p>take ( ! ess5ce ( ,beauty4 ,art adds to nature2 x ca/s a halo3 8,! light t nev] 0 on sea or l&1 ,! consecration & ! ,poet's dream40 ,i h (t5 dwelt ^u ! l9es ( ,wordswor?3 8,to me ! meane/ fl[] t bl[s c give ,?\ghts t d (t5 lie too deep = te>s40 ,i h (t5 wi%$ to he> a s]mon argu+ f ?is ?\ght ! exi/5ce ( ,god & ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,! peculi> nature ( ! s\l1 t transmutes s5sation into div9e emotion--a sweetness1 long+1 & rev]5ce t are n ( e>?--is x n sugge/ive ( all t is claim$ by religi\s fai?8 ,wordswor? rightly ascrib$ a dw>f$ nature to him :o sees only mean+less =m & dull color 9 ! fl[]3 8,a primrose by a riv]'s brim ,a yell[ primrose 0 to him1 ,& x 0 no?+ m40 ,t education is inadequate :i* ignores ! value ( man's /hetic nature & neglects its gr[?4 ,,progress ,,z ,,realization4 8,= n[ we see ?r\gh a glass1 d>kly40 8,yet ,i d\bt n ?r\gh ! ages "o increas+ purpose runs1 ,& ! ?\ghts ( m5 are wid5$ ) ! process ( ! suns40 ,9 ! process ( developm5t nature goes f pot5tiality to high] & high] actuality2 :at is 9 its be+ z t5d5cy becomes real4 ,we may n suppose ! movem5t t ( spontane\s en]gy t[>d accid5tal results1 b r ! progressive realization ( :at is 9 ! entire rational s*eme ( ! univ]se4 ,f ! nebul> mass sprang worlds & suns great] & less1 sub/ance & =m 9 inf9ite v>iety1 plant life 9 progressive ord]s1 animal life 9 asc5d+ types4 ,consci\s exi/5ce gradually became responsive to ! multitude ( nature's impressions4 ,! brok5 rays ( light display$ _! ra9b[ hues to ! gr[+ p[] & delicacy ( ! eye2 s\nd reveal$ its keys1 qualities1 & h>monies to ! increas+ susceptibility ( ! e>4 ,m9d1 z x develop$1 realiz$ 9 its consci\sness new laws & ev] great] wond]s ( ! out] _w4 ,on ! objective side ! laws 71 ! t9t$ sky & ! murmur+ /ream 71 be=e m9d became cognizant ( !m 9 _! p]fection & beauty4 ,any s]i\s contemplation ( ! great law ( developm5t1 9 its full mean+1 %\ld inspire hope & purpose 9 life4 ,x sugge/s1 n only sublime fulfilm5t = ! _w1 b l>ge possibility = ! individual man4 ,! natural _w1 plants1 animals1 ! human race1 in/itutions1 sci5ce1 art1 religion1 all animate individual be+s1 man z an individual1 h _! hi/ory ( developm5t1 :i* sugge/s its lesson4 ,nature is aspiration4 ,f *aos to ! _w ( ?is geologic age1 f protoplasm to man1 f savag]y to civilization1 f ignorance to culture1 f symbolism to develop$ art1 f egoism to altruism1 f g]m to fruit1 f infancy to maturity1 f realization to high] realization1 has be5 ! process4 ,& ?is plan seems ! only "o adapt$ to satisfy ! nature & ?\ght ( rational be+4 ,a _w p]fect$1 all possibilities realiz$1 no *ance = high] atta9m5t--^! are conditions ( monotony & dea?4 ,! old ,h]aclitus 0 "r :5 he proclaim$ ! pr9ciple ( ! _w to be a becom+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! *ild's hi/ory1 9 a way1 is an epitome ( ! hi/ory ( ! race4 ,at fir/ he is deaf & bl9d to ! _w ( objects4 ,note h[ ! possibilities ( 8 be+ become realities1 h[ k gr[s 9 v>iety & def9it5ess1 until ! ext]nal _w /&s reveal$1 ea* object 9 its place1 ea* ev5t 9 its ord]1 until notions ( "t1 space1 cause1 & "r rise into consci\sness4 ,! *ild is fa!r ( ! man 9 ! s5se t ! man c become only :at he 0 implicitly 9 *ildhood4 ,!re is a tale ( ,greek my?ology t ,m9]va sprang full-gr[n f ! head ( ,jove--a p]fect be+4 ,we w\ld r contemplate a be+ ) possibilities n completely reveal$4 ,a philosoph] said t if ,tru? 7 a bird :i* he _h caught & held 9 8 h& he w\ld let x escape = ! pleasure ( r5ew$ pursuit4 ,!re are ! wond]s ( nature & ( physical evolution2 b transc5d5tly great are ! wond]s ( m9d1 & ! view ( its possibilities ( endless developm5t--a ?+ t we believe w live on1 :5 ! sun1 moon1 & />s %all be d>k5$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! educat$ "y man ( to-day is ! heir ( ! ages4 ,all t sci5ce1 art1 lit]ature1 philosophy1 civilization h a*iev$ is 84 ,all t ?\ght has realiz$ ?r\gh ages ( sl[ progress1 all t has be5 le>n$ ?r\gh ! mi/akes made 9 ! dim light ( ! dawn ( human hi/ory1 all t has be5 wr\ght out ?r\gh devotion1 /ruggle1 & suff]+1 he may realize by ! process ( individual education4 ,! law ( progress /ill holds = ! race & = him4 ,he is a free factor1 ) a duty to help realize /ill m ( ! promise ( human exi/5ce4 8,"k ?yself0 0 a wond]ful maxim ( ! anci5t philosoph]1 & x leads to k4 8,"k ?y p[]s0 is a bett] maxim = practice1 & x is a fault t m5 reg>d _! limitations & n _! capabilities4 ,we look ) contempt ^u a l[] /age ( our own gr[?4 ,n = ! _w w\ld we lose a little f our highe/ atta9m5t4 ,! view is relative1 & we h b to advance our position & life is subject to new int]pretation4 ,?is is a p]iod ( ! fad+ out ( old ideals z !y m]ge into high] ones n yet cle>ly def9$4 ,! rev]5ce = nature1 = its symbolism1 ! sanctions ( religion1 ! transc5d5tal belief1 ! poetic insight h some:at fall5 away1 & ! _w is p>tly b>r5 because n yet rehabilitat$4 ,ideals are reg>d$ z fit = s*oolgirl essays1 = weakly s5tim5tality1 = dream]s1 = ^? :o d n und]/& ! mean+ ( ! new sci5ce & ! new civilization4 ,ideals6 ,! transc5d5t importance ( ideals is j appe>+4 ,n an inv5tion c\ld be made1 n a temple c\ld be built1 n a s*eme = ! improvem5t ( gov]nm5t & society c\ld be con/ruct$1 n a poem or a pa9t+ c\ld be execut$1 n an in/ance ( progress c\ld occur )\t ideals4 ,! _w may be conceiv$ z an ideal1 ! developm5t ( all ?+s is t[>d ideals4 ,we are at a /age ( t developm5t2 ! progression is inf9ite1 ev] t[>d p]fection1 t[>d ,god1 ! ,supreme ,good4 ,lam>t9e said wisely3 8,! ideal is only tru? at a di/ance40 ,d circum/ances =bid ! possibility ( high] developm5t8 ,!n let ! individual1 9 a *os5 vocation1 h[ev] humble1 lose himself 9 ob$i5ce & devotion to x1 & ?us1 z a h]o1 live to 8 own well-be+ & ! welf>e ( o!rs4 ,!reby he w f9d bless$ness4 ,c>lyle's 8,ev]la/+ ,yea0 %[s ?is passage3 8,! ,situation t has n its ,duty1 its ,ideal1 0 nev] yet occupi$ by man4 ,yes1 "h1 9 ?is poor1 mis]able1 hamp]$1 despicable actual1 :]e9 ?\ ev5 n[ /&e/1 "h or n[h]e is ?y ,ideal2 "w x out !refrom2 & work+1 believe1 live1 be free4 ,fool6 ! ,ideal is 9 ?yself1 ! imp$im5t1 too1 is 9 ?yself2 ?y ,condition is b ! /uff ?\ art to %ape t same ,ideal out (2 :at matt]s :e!r su* /uff be ( ?is sort or t1 s ! ,=m ?\ give x be h]oic1 be poetic8 ,o ?\ t p9e/ 9 ! imprisonm5t ( ! ,actual & crie/ bitt]ly to ! gods = a k+dom :]e9 to rule & create1 "k ?is ( a tru?3 ! ?+ ?\ seeke/ is already ) !e1 "h or n[h]e1 c\ld/ ?\ only see60 ,"h is a /rik+ /ory1 relat$ z true3 ,a "y man _h met ) mis=tune1 accid5t1 & disease1 & 0 suff]+ f a ?ird p>alytic /roke4 ,he _h lo/ ! use ( 8 voice1 ( 8 limbs1 & ( "o arm4 ,a fri5d visit$ him "o day & ask$ h[ he 04 ,he rea*$ = 8 tablet & wrote3 8,all "r1 & bigg] ?an any?+ t c happ5 to me40 ,by en]gy ( w1 by sl[ly increas+ physical & m5tal ex]cise1 he reconqu]$ ! use ( 8 body & m9d--gradually compell$ ! dormant n]ve c5tres to awake & resume _! functions4 ,lat] he wrote3 8,! great lesson x taught me is t man is meant to be1 & ought to be1 /rong] & m ?an any?+ t c happ5 to him4 ,circum/ances1 fate1 luck are all outside1 &1 if we _c always *ange !m1 we c always beat !m4 ,if ,i c\ldn't h :at ,i want$1 ,i decid$ to want :at ,i _h1 & t simple philosophy sav$ me40 ,a heal?y philosophy1 speculative or common s5se1 a heal?y e?ics1 !oretical or practical1 are indisp5sable to y\?4 ,away ) unfree w1 & pessimism1 & pleasure philosophy1 & ! notion ( a p]fect$ _w & a goal atta9$4 ,sub/itute !re= vigor\s fre$om1 *e]ful fai? & hope1 "r & duty1 & belief 9 developm5t4 ,mo/ ( ! great poets & arti/s1 mo/ ( ! successful bus9ess m5 h /ruggl$ ) difficulties1 & h wr\ght out ( _! conditions _! success4 ,burns did n p]mit pov]ty1 obscurity1 lack ( funds1 lack ( patronage1 lack ( "t to de/roy or weak5 ! impulse ( 8 g5ius4 ,%akespe>e 7if ?is poet-k+ be n inde$ de?ron$ by logic7 ) b imp]fect implem5ts ( 8 craft wr\ght h]oically1 & realiz$ ! highe/ possibilities ( lit]>y creation4 ,! biography ( success is fill$ ) ! names ( m5 9 a s5se self-made4 ,education is ! unfold+ ( our p[]s4 ,!re is ! realm ( k3 ! relations ( numb] & space1 z reveal$ to a ,laplace or a ,newton2 ! discov]ies & int]pretations ( sci5ce1 z !y appe> to a ,tyndall or a ,sp5c]2 hi/ory1 9 ^: light alone we c fully int]pret any subject ( k2 lit]ature1 ^: pages gl[ ) ! be/ ?\ght & feel+ ( mank9d2 philosophy & religi\s tru?1 ) _! grasp ( ! mean+ ( life2 art1 t is a div9e revelation 9 mat]ial =m--all t has be5 realiz$ 9 ! consci\sness ( man4 ,! race has tak5 ages to atta9 ! pres5t /&>d ( civilization & enlight5m5t4 ,! life ( ! individual atta9s x ?r\gh education4 ,) "s di/9ction ( native t5d5cies1 education makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,dahoman & ! ,bo/onian4 ,t5nyson1 9 8 8,locksley ,hall10 9 a mood ( disappo9tm5t & pessimism1 w\ld seek ! l& ( palms1 ( savag]y & ignorance1 & abjure ! 8m>* ( ,m9d0 & 8?\ghts t %ake mank9d20 b a heal?ful reaction ar\ses aga9 8 bett] impulse1 & he c\nts 8! gray b>b>ian l[] ?an ! ,*ri/ian *ild40 ,e "y man :o aims at m$ic9e1 !ology1 law1 or tea*+1 :o aims at ! be/ developm5t ( 8 p[]s1 ne$s all ! education he c ga9 be=e he ent]s ^u indep5d5t labor4 ,all ne$ a broad f\ndation ( g5]al k ^u :i* to re> ! /ructure ( special k & skill4 ,our gr&fa!rs got along ) ! gramm> s*ool1 ! academy1 college1 & appr5tice sy/em2 we ne$ ! high s*ool1 ! graduate s*ool1 & ! pr(essional s*ool4 ,m5 g into ! field ( labor )\t map1 implem5ts1 or skill1 & !n wond] :y !y d n succe$4 ,! g5]ation has advanc$2 m is kn[n1 m is dem&$1 & undevelop$ ?\ght & skill soon f9d _! limitations 9 ! practical _w4 ,we are call$ ^u n only to feel1 b to act2 n m]ely to "k1 b to imp>t4 ,! inn] life is to realize itself 9 ! out] _w ( action4 ,ideals are to be foll[$ closely by de$s4 ,a m]e recluse is n 9 h>mony ) ! times4 ,!re is a ?\ght 9 ! foll[+ passage f ,goe! n inappropriate 9 ?is place3 8,w\ld/ ?\ w9 desires unb\nd$8 ,yond] see ! glory burn6 ,lightly is ?y life surr\nd$-- ,sleep's a %ell1 to break & spurn6 ,:5 ! cr[d sways1 unbeliev+1 ,%[ ! d>+ w t w>ms6 ,he is cr[n$ ) all a*iev+ ,:o p]ceives & !n p]=ms40 ,! *ild does n at fir/ discrim9ate colors1 b lat] realizes di/9ctions p]man5tly exi/5t4 ,! *ild does n at fir/ realize ! =ce ( ! ab/ract idea ( "r2 b1 :5 ! idea appe>s1 x is n s mu* an evolution z a realization 9 ! process ( evolution ( ! *ild's consci\sness4 ,9 ! developm5t ( life on ! e>? a "t came :5 human be+s realiz$ ! exi/5ce & obligation ( "r z a new idea to !m1 n "o 8comp\nd$ ( _m simples40 ,h[ev] produc$1 we may suppose t :5 x appe>s x is a unique ?+1 a b9d+ & div9e ?+1 a ?+ c>ry+ ) x all ! implications ( ! ,kantian philosophy--,god1 ,fre$om1 & ,immortality4 ,h[ religion1 philosophy1 e?ics1 maxims ( exp]i5ce1 dictates ( prud5ce proclaim to ! e> ( ! y\? ! necessity ( realiz+ 9 idea & practice a progressive1 upw>d t5d5cy ( "*6 ,vice is n a realization1 b deg5]ation4 ,vice p>alyzes ! w1 p>alyzes ! intellect1 p>alyzes ! f9] emotions1 p>alyzes ! body1 dead5s ! consci5ce to all t is positive & wor?y4 ,m5 (t5 reg>d only ! l>g] duties1 b "* is (t5 made by ! sum ( little duties p]=m$4 ,we are ready to use great opportunities only :5 we h tra9$ our p[]s by dilig5t p]=mance ( humble "w4 ,c>lyle says3 8,d ! ,duty :i* lies ne>e/ !e1 :i* ?\ kn[e/ to be a ,duty6 ,?y second ,duty w already h become cle>]40 ,x broad5s our view ( religion to hold t ! div9e impulse works 9 all m51 & leads !m t[>d tru?2 t no age or p has be5 left 9 utt] d>kness2 t !re is some?+ common to all religions2 & t 9 "t ,god's full revelation w come to all nations4 8,:oe'er aspires unwe>i$ly ,is n beyond r$eem+40 ,may we n ask if ! exp]i5ce di/9ctively call$ ,*ri/ian is n an actuality1 ! highe/ blossom ( religi\s gr[?--if x is n a realization possible = all1 if x is n an ideal sweetly1 nay1 transc5d5tly1 invit+8 ,"o :o has read ! foll[+ l9es f ,goe! w nev] =get !m2 he has _h a glimpse ( ! ,holy ( ,holies3 8,once ,heav5ly ,love s5t d[n a burn+ kiss ,^u my br[1 9 ,sabba? sil5ce holy2 ,&1 fill$ ) my/ic presage1 *im$ ! *ur* bell sl[ly1 ,& pray] dissolv$ me 9 a f]v5t bliss1-- ,a sweet1 uncompreh5d$ ye>n+ ,drove =? my feet ?r\gh woods & mead[s free1 ,& :ile a ?\s& te>s 7 burn+1 ,i felt a _w arise = me40 ,i sat on ! v]&a at my home at ! close ( a beautiful day4 ,! we/]n gl[ 0 fad+ into a fa9t rose color4 ,! p9e trees on ! neighbor+ m\nta9 top /ood out 9 magnifi$ di/9ctness aga9/ ! bright backgr\nd4 ,a bird 9 a ne> tree sang its good-night song4 ,j ov] ! m\nta9 peak a /> %one out l a diamond set 9 pale gold4 ,! great e>? sil5tly turn$ & hid ! /> beh9d ! p9es4 ,! ragg$ outl9e ( m\nta9s loom$ up ) weird effect4 ,! breeze fre%5$ & wav$ ! bran*es ( ! elms gracefully 9 broad] curves2 x seem$ to come d[n f ! heights z if ) a message4 ,x 0 a "t = m$itation4 ,my ?\ghts turn$ = a hundr$? "t to ! significance ( ! high] emotional effects 9 ! pres5ce ( natural beauty & sublimity1 & 9 ! contemplation ( exalt$ /hetic & e?ical conceptions4 ,:5 ! h& ( nature t\*es ! *ords ( ! human he>t1 may we n believe t ! h& & ! h>p are ( div9e orig91 & t ! music produc$ is heav5ly8 ,i mean t ! human s\l ) all its ref9em5t ( emotion is n mat]ial1 b spiritual & ,godlike2 t x has writt5 ^u x a sacr$ message1 an assurance n ( e>? t its de/9y is b\ndless 9 "t & possibility--a message pr(\nd 9 its mean+ z ! unse>*able dep? ( ,god's be+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all human in/itutions are progressive4 ,ea* /age ( civilization is complete 9 itself1 b prep>atory to ano!r & high] /age4 ,lib]ty1 ! art idea1 ! religi\s idea develop m & m z m5 realize 9 consci\sness high] tru?s & /&>ds4 ,f ! art t f\nd expression 9 ! cromle*s ( ! ,druids to ! highe/ embodim5t ( spiritual ideas1 f crude fai? to philosophic & religi\s insight1 f rude me*anism to magnific5ce ( /ructure & inv5tion--su* has be5 hi/ory1 su*1 we believe1 w be hi/ory4 ,no wond] ,c>lyle exclaims3 8,is n man's hi/ory & m5's hi/ory a p]petual ,evangel80--an ann\ncem5t ( glad tid+s8 ,x is 9 ?is philosophy t ! hope ( ! solution ( _m pres5t problems is f\nd4 ,9 m$ival times ! feudal sy/em 0 ! reconciliation ( ! oppos+ int]e/s ( m5 9 a unity ( s]vice & protection4 ,lat] new conflicts arose :i* result$ 9 fre$om = all classes4 ,to-day opposition has gr[n f ! selfi% int]e/s ( capital & labor1 & we believe ! reconciliation w be f\nd 9 a unity :i* w equitably comb9e ! int]e/s ( bo?4 ,*ange is ! law4 ,! phnix1 ev] ris+ f its own a%es1 is /rong] 9 p9ion & m d>+ 9 flight4 ,plato held to ! doctr9e ( ideas1 ( et]nal v]ities1 ! ar*etypes ( all =ms ( exi/5ce1 & believ$ gr[? 9 wisdom to be a gradual realization ( ^! ideas 9 consci\sness4 ,mod]n ,platonism makes man a "p ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 ) p[] to progress 9 k ( tru? & 9 moral insight4 ,?is progress aims at an ultimate end t is bo? a realization & a rew>d4 ,?is view expla9s our nature & aspirations1 our intuitive notions & s5se ( "r2 x expla9s ! seem+ provid5ce t runs ?r\gh hi/ory & makes all ?+s "w toge!r = good2 x expla9s t h>mony ( ! s\l ) nature t con/itutes div9e music2 x expla9s ! insight ( ! poet & ! fai? ( man4 ,any new !ory mu/ be a cont9uation ( ! pa/ in/ead ( /&+ 9 contradiction to x1 mu/ reveal ! deep] mean+ ( old tru?4 ,! spiritual tru?s t belong to ! hi/ory ( man mu/ be includ$ 9 ! new philosophy4 ,!ories mu/ expla9 9 accordance ) common s5se1 & make h>mony1 n discord1 9 our intellectual1 /hetic1 & moral feel+s4 99 99 99 99 99 8,= we "k 9 "p1 & we prophesy 9 "p4 8,b :5 t :i* is p]fect is come1 !n t :i* is 9 "p %all be done away4 8,= n[ we see ?r\gh a glass1 d>kly2 b !n face to face3 n[ ,i "k 9 "p2 b !n %all ,i "k ev5 z also ,i am kn[n40 8,/ill1 ?r\gh our paltry /ir & /rife1 ,gl[s d[n ! wi%$ ,ideal1 ,& ,long+ m\lds 9 clay :at ,life ,c>ves 9 ! m>ble ,real2 ,to let ! new life 91 we "k1 ,desire mu/ ope ! portal2-- ,p]haps ! long+ to be s ,helps make ! s\l immortal4 8,long+ is ,god's fre% heav5w>d w ,) our poor e>?w>d /riv+2 ,we qu5* x t we may be /ill ,cont5t ) m]ely liv+3 ,b w\ld we le>n t he>t's full scope ,:i* we are h\rly wrong+1 ,our lives mu/ climb f hope to hope ,& realize our long+40 ,transcrib]'s ,notes pg #hb ,*ang$3 & he repeat$ ! ! process to3 & he repeat$ ! process pg #afa ,*ang$3 remove m\nta9s has n]v$ ! purpose to3 remove m\nta9s has s]v$ ! purpose pg #bbe ,*ang$3 ,analyze ! fact z we way to3 ,analyze ! fact z we may ,new orig9al cov] art includ$ ) ?is e,book is grant$ to ! public doma94