,,treasury ,,dep>tm5t                   
,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,public ,,heal?        
,,s]vice                     ,,hugh ,s4 
,,cumm+1 ,surgeon ,g5]al                
,,! ,,b$bug                 ,,its       
,,relation ,,to ,,public ,,heal?1 ,,its 
,,habits ,,&                   ,,life   
,,hi/ory1 ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,control    
,,repr9t ,no4 #fbf                      
,,f ,,!                                 
,,public ,,heal? ,,reports              
,decemb] #aj1 #aibj                     
7,pages #bifd-bigj7                     
,revis$ edition1 #aibd                  
,illu/ration                            
,,wa%+ton                               
,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice              
#aibd                                   
,,! ,,b$bug4#a          ,its ,relation  
to ,public ,heal?1 its ,habits & ,life  
,hi/ory1                          &     
,me?ods ( ,control4        #a ,repr9t f 
! ,public ,heal? ,reports1 vol4 #ce1    
,no4 #ej1      ,decemb] #aj1 #aibj1 pp4 
#bifd-bigj4      ,! b$bug is "o ( !     

num]\s insects :i* h be5 suspect$  (    
convey+ disease to man4 ,comp>$ ) su*   
insect pe/s z  mosquitoes1 lice1 &      
fleas1 h[ev]1 its rle is decid$ly a m9or
  "o4 ,x has be5 claim$ t ! b$bug c take
 up ! microp>asites  ( ,european relaps+
 fev]1 plague1 & possibly leprosy1 along
 )  ! blood ( m5 or animals suff]+ f ^! 
diseases4 ,x is  also possible t 9 r>e  
in/ances ! b$bug may transmit plague  or
 ,european relaps+ fev] to man4 ,on !   
o!r h&1 !re is no  conv9c+ evid5ce t !  
b$bug is ! usual & ord9>y insect        
transmitt] ( ^! or any o!r diseases at  
pres5t kn[n to u4    ,if ! b$bug acts z 
a transmitt] ( disease1 x app>5tly does 
s  by ! accid5tal c>riage ( disease     
elem5ts on ! m\? p>ts2  b ?is occurs    
only "u ! mo/ favorable conditions4 ,^! 
w\ld  require1 fir/1 ! pres5ce ( great  
numb]s ( microp>asites on  ! sk9 or 9 ! 
blood ( a man or animal sick ) "s       
disease  transmissible to man by        
subcutane\s inoculation2 second1 x w\ld 
probably be necess>y t !re %\ld be _m   

bugs bit+ 9 ord]  t "o or m ( !m %\ld   
bite "s heal?y p]son )9 a  r %ort space 
( "t aft] ^! insects _h f$ on ! infect$ 
individual4    ,9 actual practice ^!    
conditions w\ld be f\nd only 9 ! mo/    
fil?y & insanit>y surr\nd+s & w\ld call 
= dra/ic measures  to ext]m9ate all     
v]m94 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 possible t "u     
unsettl$ conditions :]e sick & well are 
cr[d$ toge!r )  no facilities =         
cleanl9ess1 b$bugs might act z          
transmitt]s (  septicemic diseases4     
,exp]i5ce has %[n t "u su* grossly      
insanit>y conditions su* insects z fleas
 & lice appe> to be  & are f> m dang]\s 
z c>ri]s ( disease4 ,special measures  =
 _! ext]m9ation %\ld be tak54 ,add$     
precautions = !  exam9ation ( b$bugs "u 
^! conditions w\ld probably n be        
ju/ifi$ by ! results4    ,not)/&+ ! m9or
 rle :i* mu/ be assign$ ! b$bug z  a    
c>ri] ( disease1 its pres5ce is an (f5se
 aga9/ sanit>y  dec5cy4 ,its bites are q
 poison\s to "s p & its odor  is mo/    
disagreeable2 & e ef=t %\ld be made to  

keep all  dwell+s1 hospitals1 %ips1 &   
o!r premises free f ^!  disgu/+ insects4
    ,dr4 ,l4 ,o4 ,h[>d1 ,*ief ( !       
,bureau ( ,entomology1 ,unit$ ,/ates    
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 & consultant  
,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal?  ,s]vice1  
has p]mitt$ ! quotation ( ! foll[+      
passages  f ,f>m]'s ,bullet9 ,no4 #ged1 
by ,c4 ,l4 ,m>latt1 :i* gives an        
au?oritative acc\nt ( ! habits1 life    
hi/ory1 & ! means (  control ( ^!       
insects4                                
8,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4    8,! b$bug      
belongs to ! ord] ,hemipt]a1 :i*        
includes ! true  bugs or pi]c+ insects1 
*>act]iz$ by possess+ a pi]c+ &  suck+  
beak4 ,! b$bug is to man :at ! *9* bug  
is to gra9s or  ! squa% bug to cucurbs4 
,l ne>ly all ! insects p>asitic on      
animals1 h[ev]1 x is degrad$            
/ructurally1 its p>asitic nature  & !   
slight necessity = ext5sive locomotion  
hav+ result$1  aft] _m ages d\btless1 9 
! loss ( w+s & ! assumption (  a        
comp>atively simple /ructure4 ,be=e     

fe$+1 ! adult is mu*  flatt5$1 oval1 & 9
 color is ru/ r$1 ) ! abdom5 m or  less 
t+$ ) black4 ,:5 engorg$1 ! body becomes
 mu* bloat$  & elongat$ & brightly      
color$ f ! +e/$ blood4 ,!  w+s are      
repres5t$ by ! m]e/ rudim5ts1 b>ely     
recognizable  pads1 & ! simple eyes or  
ocelli ( mo/ o!r true bugs are  lack+4  
,! abs5ce ( w+s is a mo/ =tunate        
circum/ance1 s9ce  o!rwise !re w\ld be  
no safety f x ev5 = ! mo/ c>eful  (     
h\sekeep]s4 ,"s slight v>iation 9 l5g? (
 w+ pads has be5  obs]v$1 b none ) w+s  
%[+ any consid]able developm5t has  ev] 
be5 f\nd4                               
8,habits & ,life ,hi/ory4    8,! b$bug  
is normally nocturnal 9 habits &        
displays a c]ta9  degree ( w>9ess1      
caution1 & intellig5ce 9 its ef=ts at   
concealm5t dur+ ! day4 ,"u ! /ress (    
hung]1 h[ev]1 x  w em]ge f its place (  
concealm5t 9 a well-light$ room at      
night1 s t "u su* circum/ances keep+ !  
gas or electric  light burn+ is n a     
complete protection4 ,x has be5 kn[n "u 

simil> conditions to attack human be+s  
voraci\sly 9 broad  daylight4 ,x usually
 leaves its victim z soon z x has become
  engorg$ ) blood & retires to its      
normal place ( concealm5t1  ei!r 9      
cracks 9 ! b$/ead1 especially if ! latt]
 be "o (  ! wood5 v>iety1 or beh9d      
wa9scot+1 or "u loose wall pap]2  & 9 ^!
 & simil> places x manife/s its greg>i\s
 habit by  collect+ 9 masses4 ,x ?rives 
p>ticul>ly 9 fil?y ap>tm5ts &  9 old    
h\ses :i* are full ( cracks & crevices1 
9 :i* x c  conceal itself beyond easy   
rea*4 ,z j not$1 ! old-fa%ion$1  heavy1 
wood5-slatt$ b$/eads af=d especially    
favorable situations  = ! concealm5t &  
multiplication ( ?is insect1 & ! g5]al  
use 9 lat] ye>s ( iron & brass b$/eads  
has v greatly  facilitat$ its           
eradication4 ,su* b$s1 h[ev]1 d n insure
 safety1  z ! insects are able to f9d   
places ( concealm5t ev5 ab\t su*  b$s1  
or get to !m readily f _! o!r hid+      
places4    8,! b$bug takes f #e to #aj  
m9utes to become bloat$ ) blood1  & !n  

retires to its place ( concealm5t = #f  
to #aj days = !  quiet dige/ion ( its   
enorm\s meal1 & = subsequ5t molt+1 or   
reproduction if 9 ! adult /age40    8,! 
eggs hat* 9 a week or #aj days 9 ! hot  
wea!r ( midsumm]1  b cold may l5g!n or  
ev5 d\ble ?is incubation p]iod or *eck  
developm5t altoge!r4 ,! "y escape by    
pu%+ up ! lid-l  top ) its project+ rim4
 ,:5 fir/ em]g$1 !y are yell[i%  :ite & 
ne>ly transp>5t1 ! br[n color ( ! m     
mature insect  increas+ ) ! lat] molts40
    8,unfavorable conditions (          
temp]ature & food w necess>ily  result 9
 great v>iation 9 ! numb] ( g5]ations   
annually &  9 ! rate ( multiplication1 b
 all[+ = reasonable *ecks on            
developm5t1 !re may be at lea/ f\r      
successive broods 9 a ye> 9  h\ses kept 
well heat$ 9 w9t]40                     
8,food & ,longevity4    8,"u normal     
conditions ! food ( ! common b$bug is   
obta9$  f human be+s only1 & no o!r     
un=c$ fe$+ habit has be5  report$4 ,x is
 easily possible1 h[ev]1 to =ce ! b$bug 

to fe$  on mice1 rats1 birds1 etc41 &   
probably x may d s occasionally  9      
nature 9 ! abs5ce ( its normal ho/4 ,!  
abundance ( ?is  insect 9 h\ses :i* h   
long be5 unt5ant$ may occasionally be   
acc\nt$ = by su* o!r s\rces ( food1 b   
probably normally su*  infe/ation c be  
expla9$ by ! natural longevity ( !      
insect  & its ability to survive =      
practically a ye>1 & p]haps m1  )\t     
food40                                  
8,influ5ce ( ,temp]ature4    8,z a      
messmate ( human be+s 9 dwell+ h\ses1 ! 
b$bug is  normally protect$ f extreme   
cold & is kn[n to be an abundant  &     
s]i\s pe/ f> nor?4 ,9 fact1 x is (t5 m  
tr\blesome 9  nor? temp]ate latitudes   
?an f>!r s\?4 ,?is may be acc\nt$  =    
p>tly by ! fact t ! b$bug is v s5sitive 
to high  temp]atures1 & a temp]ature (  
#if to #ajj ,f4 or m1 accompani$  ) a   
fairly high degree ( humidity1 results 9
 ! dea? (  l>ge numb]s ( ! bugs4 ,!     
mature or p>tly mature b$bugs c  /&     
comp>atively l[ temp]atures1 ev5 bel[   

freez+1 = a  consid]able p]iod4 ,! eggs 
& newly hat*$ l>v1 h[ev]1 succumb  to a 
temp]ature bel[ freez+1 if ?is condition
 is prolong$ =  f #ae days to a mon?4 ,!
 fe$+ & develop+ activity ( !  insect   
practically ceases at #fj ,f41 ! insect 
rema9+ quiesc5t &  9 semihib]nation at  
temp]atures bel[ ?is po9t4 ,! mo/       
favorable  temp]atures = activity are   
betwe5 #fj & #ih ,f4 ,! activity (  !   
insect is controll$ entirely by         
temp]ature & food supply1 &1  !re=e1 9  
heat$ h\ses ! insect may rema9 active   
?r\gh\t !  w9t]4 ,!re is "s protection 9
 w9t]1 !re=e1 9 sleep+ 9  cold b$rooms40
                             8,! ,bite (
 ! ,b$bug4    8,! bite ( ! b$bug is     
decid$ly poison\s to "s individuals1    
result+ 9 a slight swell+ & disagreeable
 inflammation4 ,to su*  p]sons ! pres5ce
 ( b$bugs is suffici5t to cause !       
greate/  uneas9ess1 if n to put sleep & 
re/ entirely out ( ! "q4  ,) o!rs1      
h[ev]1 :o are less s5sitive1 ! pres5ce (
 ! bugs  may n be recogniz$ at all1 &1  

except = ! occasional /a9+  ( ! l95 by a
 cru%$ individual1 _! pres5ce might be  
entirely  ov]look$4 ,! inflammation     
exp]i5c$ by s5sitive p]sons seems to    
result *iefly f ! puncture ( ! sk9 by ! 
%>p pi]c+ set  :i* con/itute ! punctur+ 
elem5t ( ! m\? p>ts1 z !re  seems to be 
no secretion ( poison o!r ?an ! natural 
fluids ( !  m\?4    8,! bit+ organ ( !  
b$bug is simil> to t ( o!r insects (    
its ord]4 ,x consi/s ( a r heavy1 fle%y 
"u lip 7! only  "p ord9>ily se5 9 exam9+
 ! insect71 )9 :i* lie f\r  ?read-l h>d 
filam5ts or set :i* glide ov] "o ano!r )
 an  alt]nat+ motion & pi]ce ! fle%4 ,! 
blood is drawn up ?r\gh  ! beak1 :i* is 
closely appli$ to ! po9t ( puncture1 & !
  alt]nat+ motion ( ! set 9 ! fle%      
causes ! blood to fl[  m freely4    8,to
 allay ! irritation set up by ! bite ( !
 b$bug1 p]oxide (  hydrog5 or dioxyg5   
may be us$ ) good results4    8,t9cture 
( iod9e ei!r at ord9>y or d\ble /r5g? is
 also a  good c\nt]irritant = use 9     
cases ( flea1 mosquito1 b$bug1 &  o!r   

insect bites1 b %\ld be us$ ) caution on
 ! t5d] sk9  ( small *ildr5 & on ^? :o  
are affect$ ) or dispos$ to  eczemic    
disord]s40                              
8,natural ,enemies ( ! ,b$bug4    8,liv+
 always 9 h\ses z x does & be+ well     
conceal$1 !  b$bug is n normally subject
 to mu* if any control by natural       
enemies4 ,c]ta9 o!r h\sehold insects1   
h[ev]1 d occasionally  prey ^u ! b$bug1 
z1 = example1 ! h\se c5tip$e & !  common
 little r$ h\se ant4 ,su* enemies1      
h[ev]1 are ( v small  importance & yield
 little1 if any1 effective control      
except "u  v exceptional circum/ances40 
8,rem$ies4    8,und\bt$ly ! mo/ effici5t
 rem$y = ! b$bug is to fumigate  !      
infe/$ h\se or rooms ) hydrocyanic-acid 
gas4 ,?is gas w  p5etrate into e crevice
 9 ! h\se or room :]e ! b$bugs  conceal 
!mselves & has an imm$iate effectiv5ess 
:i* gives  x an important recomm5dation1
 especially :5 ! infe/ation is          
consid]able or ( long /&+4 ,?is me?od ( 
fumigation %\ld be  intellig5tly        

employ$1 z ! gas is deadly poison\s40   
,five ounces  ( potassium cyanide p]    
#a1jjj cubic feet ( space %\ld be       
employ$2  exposure1 "o h\r4#b ,t5 ounces
 p] #a1jjj cubic feet w\ld be bett]4    
#b ,creel1 ,r4 ,h41 & ,faget1 ,f4 ,m41  
,cyanide ,gas = !      ,de/ruction (    
,insects1 ) ,special ,ref]5ce to        
,mosquitoes1      ,fleas1 ,body ,lice1 &
 ,b$bugs3 ,public ,heal? ,reports1 ,june
 #i1      #aiaf1 pp4 #adfd-adge2 ,repr9t
 ,no4 #cdc4    8,! fumes ( burn+ sulphur
 are also a v effici5t means (  control 
:]e ! conditions are su* t ?is me?od c  
be us$1  readily de/roy+ ! insect 9 all 
/ages1 includ+ ! egg4 ,!  treatm5t is   
inexp5sive comp>$ ) ! use (             
hydrocyanic-acid gas  & (f]s mu* less   
risk ( dang] to human be+s4 ,!re is1    
h[ev]1  a consid]able risk ( injury to  
h\sehold fabrics1 furni%+s1 &  wall     
pap]s f ! /rong blea*+ quality ( sulphur
 fumes4 ,?is  dang] w be some:at dim9i%$
 if ! fumigation c be done at a  "t :5 !
 room or h\se is ?or\ghly dri$ out1 z 9 

w9t] by a  furnace or o!r heat+ sy/em4  
,fur!r precautions %\ld be tak5  by     
remov+ all metallic surfaces f ! room or
 build+1 or by  protect+ !m ) a coat+ ( 
vasel9e40    ,f\r p\nds ( sulphur are   
recomm5d$ = ea* #a1jjj cubic feet (     
space1 & ! build+ %\ld be clos$ = !     
treatm5t = at lea/  five or six h\rs4   
8,sulphur c&les may be us$ :]e          
available1 or  ! sulphur\s gas or fumes 
c be g5]at$ by burn+ ! sulphur  9 a di% 
plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! room1 & = protection 
set  )9 a l>g] vessel4 ,?or\ghgo+       
precautions mu/ be tak5 to  prev5t      
accid5tal ov]fl[+ or ! />t+ ( a fire1 & 
aft] !  fumigation ! h\se %\ld be giv5 a
 ?or\gh air+4    8,o!r gases h be5      
exp]im5t$ )1 su* z =mal9 & !  vapors (  
b5z9e1 naph?al5e1 & camphor1 b ^! gases 
are (  little value4 ,simil>ly1 insect  
p[d]s are ( little value1 l>gely  f !   
difficulty ( gett+ !m into ! crevices & 
o!r places  ( concealm5t ( ! insects4   
8,! old-fa%ion$ h\sehold rem$ies ref]r$ 
to bel[ are effective  en\gh1 ?\gh at a 

great] co/ ( "t & p]sonal ef=t4 ,!y  w1 
h[ev]1 be (t5 ( mu* s]vice 9 ! case (   
slight or  rec5t infe/ations1 or :]e !  
employm5t ( m poison\s &  tr\blesome    
gases is object$ to or is impracticable4
 ,( ^! simple  me?ods ( control p]haps !
 mo/ effici5t is 9 v lib]al             
applications ( b5z9e or k]os5e1 or any  
o!r ( ! light]  petroleum oils1         
introduc$ ) small bru%es or fea!rs1 or  
by  inject+ ) syr+es into all crevices (
 b$s1 furniture1 or walls  :]e ! insects
 may h conceal$ !mselves4 ,corrosive    
sublimate is  also ( value1 & oil (     
turp5t9e may be us$ 9 ! same way4 ,!    
lib]al use ( hot wat]1 :]ev] x may be   
employ$ )\t dang]  to furniture1 etc41  
is also an effectual me?od ( de/roy+ bo?
  eggs & active bugs4#c ,a #e p] c5t    
solution ( comp\nd solution (  cresol   
7liquor cresolis compositus7 9 k]os5e   
=cibly appli$ ) a  l>ge plant spray] is 
effective if frequ5tly appli$4        #c
 8,a rem$y = ! b$bug has be5 devis$ by  
,mr4 ,r4      ,h4 ,pettit 7#8,notes on  

two insecticidal ag5ts1' #aj? ,rpt4     
,mi*4 ,acad4 ,sci41 p4 #aei-afj1 #aijh7 
z a sub/itute =      hydrocyanic-acid   
gas & sulphur1 & is report$ to h        
prov$ v successful4 ,! prep>ation ( ?is 
insecticide &      its application are  
describ$ z foll[s3        8,alcohol is  
drawn ?r\gh pyre?rum 9 a funnel until ! 
p[d] is well wa%$ & a l>ge "p ( ! res9\s
      pr9ciple extract$4 ,to d ?is1 !   
p[d] is plac$ 9 a      l>ge funnel )    
filt]-plate & a lay] ( cotton wool at   
! bottom4 ,an aspirator is atta*$ & !   
alcohol is at      fir/ sl[ly & lat]    
rapidly suck$ ?r\gh six or eight        
times1 dur+ :i* op]ation x becomes      
highly color$4      ,to ?is liquid z a  
basis1 are add$ sev]al oils to give     
p]man5ce to ! application4 ,bo? alcohol 
& pyre?rum      evaporate s quickly t x 
0 ?\ght be/ to c>ry 9 "s      heavi]    
volatile oils ^: effects w\ld la/ sev]al
 days or      ev5 weeks4 ,! =mula :5    
complet$ /&s z foll[s3        8,to !    
extract made by wa%+ #djj grams (       

pyre?rum )      #b1jjj c4 c4 ( /rong    
alcohol1 are add$            #ej grams  
gum camphor4          #aej c4 c4 c$>    
wood oil4          #be grams oil        
citronella4          #be grams oil      
lav5d]4        8,! application is be/   
made ) a l>ge-siz$ atomiz]1 "o          
hold+ a p9t or m & work+ ) a pi/on      
in/ead (      a rubb] bulb4 99 99 99 ,to
 obta9 ! be/ results1 repeat !          
treatm5t aft] ab\t two weeks4 ,we h tri$
 ?is mixture      repeat$ly & ) uni=mly 
gratify+ results4 ,usually      "o      
application1 if ?or\ghly made1 put a    
p]iod to !      compla9ts1 ab\t eight to
 t5 ounces be+ requir$ 9 an      av]age 
sleep+ room4 ,! odor rema9s "s little "t
 9 a      room1 b is n disagreeable to !
 av]age p]son4        8,?is rem$y c be  
readily prep>$ by a ph>maci/ 9 any      
drug /ore40    8,v>i\s b$bug rem$ies &  
mixtures are = sale1 mo/ ( !m  conta9+  
"o or ano!r ( ! +r$i5ts m5tion$1 & ^!   
are  frequ5tly ( value4 ,! great        
desid]atum1 h[ev]1 9 a case ( ?is  k9d1 

is a daily inspection ( b$s & b$d+1     
p>ticul>ly ! seams  & tuft+ (           
mattresses1 & ( all crevices & locations
 ab\t !  premises :]e ^! v]m9 may h gone
 = concealm5t4 ,a vigor\s  campaign     
%\ld1 9 ! c\rse ( a week or s at !      
outside1 result  9 ! ext]m9ation ( ?is v
 obnoxi\s & emb>rass+ pe/40             
8,temp]ature control4,! possibility (   
temp]ature control is  indicat$ 9 !     
discussion else:]e ( ! effect (         
temp]ature on  ?is insect4 ,a temp]ature
 ma9ta9$ bel[ freez+ = #aj or #ae days  
de/roys ! eggs1 & ?is temp]ature cont9u$
 = #ae days to a  mon? w de/roy ! newly 
hat*$ "y4 ,x may be1 !re=e1 t  if infe/$
 h\ses 9 cold climates %\ld be op5$ up &
 all[$  to rema9 at a temp]ature well   
bel[ freez+ = a consid]able  p]iod1 all 
eggs & ! "y1 & possibly mo/ if n all ( !
  adults1 w\ld be ext]m9at$4 ,?is me?od 
( control might p]haps be  practicable  
at lea/ 9 ! case ( summ] h\ses 9 ! ,nor?
 :i*  are left unt5ant$ 9 ! w9t]4    8,!
 ma9ta9+ ( high temp]atures may be an   

ev5 m effici5t  me?od ( control4 ,!     
activity ( ! b$bug is at its greate/    
betwe5 #fj & #gj to #ge4 ,z indicat$    
else:]e1 9 a temp]ature  ( #if to #ajj  
,f41 accompani$ ) a high degree (       
humidity1 newly  hat*$ b$bugs p]i% )9 a 
few days1 &1 if ?is temp]ature is  rais$
 to #aac ,f41 9 a few m9utes4#d ,a      
temp]ature ( #aac w  also de/roy ! eggs1
 & ) ^! high] temp]atures ! item (      
humidity is n app>5tly important40      
#d ,,editorial ,,note4,an acc\nt (      
successful use ( live /eam      to      
eradicate b$bugs 9 bunkh\ses1 z practic$
 by a lumb]      company 9 ,oregon1 0   
publi%$ 9 ,public ,heal? ,reports1 ,nov4
      #bh1 #aiai1 pp4 #bgac-bgad4 ,9 t  
in/ance /eam pipes 7      tapp$1 aft]   
clos+ all doors & w9d[s1 & a temp]ature 
( #afj ,f4 0 held = approximately #c    
h\rs4 ,! (ficials (      ! company /at$ 
t #b mon?s aft] ! /eam+ no signs (      
b$bugs _h be5 f\nd4                     
,,additional ,,copies                   
,,( ,,?is ,,publication ,,may ,,be      

,,procur$ ,,f                      ,,!  
,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,docum5ts             
,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice              
,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4                      
,,at                             #e     
,,c5ts ,,p] ,,copy                      
,transcrib]'s ,notes3     ,text 9       
italics is enclos$ by und]scores        
7italics74     ,ar*aic & v>iable spell+ 
has be5 pres]v$4     ,v>iations 9       
hyph5ation & comp\nd words h be5        
pres]v$4