,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,hansa0 ,,dragg+ ,,_! ,,boats ,,across ,,! ,,ice4 ,see page #beg4 ,,! ,,arctic ,,_w3 ,,its ,,plants1 ,,animals1 ,,& ,,natural ,,ph5om5a4 ,) a ,hi/orical ,sket* ( ,arctic ,discov]y1 ,,d[n ,,to ,,! ,,briti% ,,pol> ,,exp$ition3 #ahge-gf4 ,illu/ration3 8,"h let ! bill[s /iff51 & h re/40--,,col]idge4 ,,london3 ,t4 ,,nelson ,,& ,,sons1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[2 ,,ed9burgh2 ,,& ,,new ,,york4 ,,preface4 ,engli%m5 h always felt a special int]e/ 9 ! regions ( ! icy ,nor?1 f ! days :5 ,dr4 ,?orne fir/ propos$ ! se>* aft] a passage to ! ,pole1 d[n to ^! pres5t times1 :5 ! ,exp$ition "u ,capta9s ,n>es & ,/eph5son has %[n t su* a passage is virtually impracticable4 ,! int]e/ orig9ally k9dl$ by comm]cial consid]ations has be5 ma9ta9$ by pur] & l(ti] motives1--by ! ?ir/ aft] k1 & ! sympa?y ) ! brave de$s ( brave m54 ,& x mu/ be admitt$ t our national virtues ( resolute p]sev]ance & pati5t c\rage h nev] be5 m happily display$ ?an 9 ! prosecution ( ! great "w ( ,arctic ,discov]y4 ,our explor]s h refus$ to "k :5 !y 7 beat52 & 9 defiance ( a t]rible climate1 ( iceb]gs & ice-floes1 ( hurricanes & driv+ sn[-/orms1 ( ob/acles1 dang]s1 & difficulties1 h press$ onw>d1 until ! late/ adv5tur]s h cross$ ! ,?re%old ( ! ,unkn[n ,region1 & confront$ ! imm5se pla9 ( ice t ext5ds = f\r hundr$ miles f ! ,pole4 ,_! lab\rs1 inde$1 h be5 att5d$ by ! %ad[s ( melan*oly disa/]s1 & ! long ,arctic night closes ov] ! graves ( _m :om ,engl& 0 loa? to lose2 b 9 _! successful issue !y h br\ght u acqua9t$ ) ! ph5om5a ( a /range & wond]ful _w1 & op5$ up to u a succession ( sc5es ( ! mo/ rem>kable "*4 ,!re c be no "q t 9 ! froz5 wa/es & sn[y wild]nesses lurks a p[]ful fasc9ation1 :i* proves almo/ irresi/ible to ! adv5tur\s _s4 ,he :o has once ent]$ ! ,arctic ,_w1 h[ev] great 8 suff]+s1 is re/less until he returns to x4 ,:e!r ! spell lies 9 ! weird magnific5ce ( ! sc5]y1 9 ! spl5d\rs ( ! heav5s1 9 ! my/]y :i* /ill hov]s ov] ^? f>-(f seas ( ice & remote bays1 or 9 ! excitem5t ( a cont9ual /ruggle ) ! =ces ( ,nature1 or :e!r all ^! influ5ces are at "w1 we _c /op to inquire4 ,b x seems to u c]ta9 t ! ,arctic ,_w has a romance & an attraction ab\t x1 :i* are f> m p[]ful ov] ! m9ds ( m5 ?an ! ri* gl[+ l&s ( ! ,tropics1 or ! 8,summ]-isles ( ,ed5 ly+ 9 d>k-purple sph]es ( sea10 :i* are cr[n$ ) ! bread-fruit & ! palm1 ! spontane\s gifts ( a lib]al soil4 ,we foll[ ) f> deep] int]e/ ! footpr9ts ( a ,p>ry & a ,frankl9 ?an ^? ( a ,wallis1 a ,c>t]et1 or ev5 a ,cook4 ,! g5]al read]1 !re=e1 may n be displeas$ at ! attempt ( ! pres5t writ] to put be=e him1 ) bold t\*es1 & 9 outl9e r ?an 9 detail1 a picture ( t ,pol> ,_w :i* is s awful & yet s fasc9at+4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages he w f9d its pr9cipal features sket*$1 its *ief *>act]s legibly & cle>ly trac$4 ,!y are n int5d$ = ! sci5tific1--?\gh x is hop$ ! sci5tific1 if !y fall 9 ) !m1 w f9d no gr\nd = c5sure4 ,!y aim at describ+ ! wond]s ( sky & sea & l&2 ! glories ( ! aurora2 ! beauty ( ! />ry ,arctic night2 ! maje/y ( iceb]g & glaci]2 ! rugg$ dre>9ess ( ! hummocky fields ( ice2 ! habits ( ! ,pol> be>1 ! seal1 & ! walrus2 & ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! v>i\s tribes :i* frequ5t ! %ores ( ! ,pol> seas & /raits1 or dwell on ! bord]-l& ( ! ,frigid ,zone4 ,9 a ^w1 x has be5 ! writ]'s object to br+ toge!r j su* p>ticul>s z might enable ! intellig5t read] to realize to himself ! true "* ( ! _w :i* ext5ds ar\nd ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,9 c>ry+ out ?is object1 he has necess>ily _h rec\rse to ! voyages ( num]\s explor]s & ! n>ratives ( sundry sci5tific au?orities2 & he believes t n a /atem5t has be5 v5tur$ :i* c\ld n claim _! support4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,v>i\s r\tes betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ,pacific ,oceans describ$--,advantages ( a ,nor?-,we/ ,passage1 if practicable--,:at is to be ga9$ f fur!r ,arctic exploration--,:at zoology w\ld ga9--,! problem ( ! migration ( birds--,ab\t ! ,knots--,b\nd>ies ( ! ,nor? ,pol> ,regions--,_! pr9cipal geographical features--,divisions into two zones1 or sections--,! /ony tundras--,! flora ( ! ,nor?--,! ,sib]ian des]t--,limits ( p]petual sn[--,g5]al "* ( life 9 ! ,pol> ,_w #i-ba ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,an imag9>y voyage--,view ( ! ,gre5l& coa/--,a spl5did picture ( l& & sea--,! w9t] night & its atmosph]ic ph5om5a--,! aurora borealis describ$--,its peculi>ities & possible causes--,w9ds & :irlw9ds--,ph5om5a ( refraction--,! 8ice-bl9k0--,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,arctic night--,describ$ by ,dr4 ,kane--,rem>kable atmosph]ic conditions--,effect ( prolong$ d>kness on animal life--,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,arctic spr+--,a spr+ l&scape describ$ by ,dr4 ,hayes--,summ] 9 ! ,nor?--,! ,nor!rn heav5s & ! ,pole-,/>--,li/ ( ,nor!rn con/ellations--,! ,great ,be>--,"s conspicu\s />s #bb-dj ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,pol> seas--,=mation ( iceb]gs--,_! dim5sions & appe>ance--,description ( colossal b]gs--,_! dang] to navigation--,adv5tures ) b]gs--,quotations f v>i\s writ]s--,dissolution ( an iceb]g--,iceb]gs 9 ,melville ,bay--,h[ iceb]gs are =m$--,ref]5ce to iceb]gs 9 ! ,alp9e lakes--,pr(essor ,tyndall quot$--,break+ up ( a b]g describ$ by ,dr4 ,hayes--,a vision ( iceb]gs--,_! range--,! 8pack-ice0 describ$--,ext5t ( ! ice-fields--8,tak+ ! pack0--,an incid5t describ$ by ,admiral ,bee*ey--,dang]\s position ( ,capta9 ,p>ry's %ips--,"* ( an ice-field--,cross+ an ice-field--,its extraord9>y dim5sions--,animal life 9 ! ,pol> seas--,walrus-hunt+--,quotation f ,mr4 ,lamont--,a disagreeable process--,natural hi/ory ( ! walrus--,! walrus & ! ,pol> be>--,hi/orical sket* ( ! walrus-fi%]y--,adv5ture ) walruses--,a walrus-hunt describ$--,hunt+ 9 an ,arctic gale--,! ,phocid family--,natural hi/ory ( ! seal--,diff]5t g5]a--,seal's fle%1 & its uses--,an incid5t 9 ,dr4 ,kane's exp$ition--,an ,eskimo hut--,an ,eskimo seal-hunt]--,! :ale1 & all ab\t x--,! ,gre5l& :ale--,:at is :alebone8--,food ( ! :ale--,! ,nor!rn rorqual--,eskimo :ale-fi%]s--,ab\t ! n>:al--,! black dolph9--,! orc1 or grampus--,! ,pol> be>--,be>s & seals--,p>ticul>s ( ! habits ( ! ,pol> be>--,8 voracity--,affection ( ! be> = h] "y--,an episode describ$--,battle ) a be>--,! be> & ! ,eskimo dogs--,! ,arctic night--,its v>i\s phases--,com+ ( ! sun--,return ( ! birds--,guillemots & auks--,ab\t ! puff9s--,! m]gans]s--,! smew1 or :ite nun--,! eid] duck describ$--,eid] ducks 9 ,icel&--,collect+ eid] d[n--,! wild swan--,fables ab\t its dea?-song--,! ,arctic wat]s1 & _! teem+ life--,migrations ( fi% #da-ajg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! =mation ( sn[ describ$--,sn[-cry/als--,effects ( ! cry/alliz+ =ce--,ice-fl[]s--,sir ,david ,brew/]'s exp]im5t ) pol>is$ light--,regelation & m\ld+ ( ice--,*>act]i/ics ( glaci]-ice--,cleavage 9 compact ice--,! aspect ( glaci]s--,on ! motion ( glaci]s--,hi/ory ( its discov]y--,mora9es describ$--,!ory ( glaci]-motion--,quotation f ,pr(essor ,tyndall--,glaci]s ( ! ,pol> ,regions--,glaci] 9 ,bell ,s\nd--,=mation ( iceb]gs--,iceb]gs 9 ,baff9 ,bay--,glaci] describ$ by ,dr4 ,hayes--,! ,gre5l& ,m] de ,glace--,glaci] ( ,s]miatsialik--,! great ,humboldt ,glaci]--,discov]$ by ,dr4 ,kane--,description ( its features--,kane's !ory ( iceb]gs--,notes on ! glaci] #ajh-acd ,,*apt] ,v4 ,r$ sn[1 :at is x8--,fir/ =ms ( vegetable life--,! li*5s1 _! v>iety--,re9de] moss--,rock-hair--,rock tripe1 or tripe de ro*e--,us$ z food--,icel& moss & its prop]ties--,! mosses ( ! ,arctic ,regions--,scurvy-grass--,! fly-ag>ic--,microscopic vegetation--,a memorial ( ,frankl9--,phnogam\s plants ( ! ,nor?--,cryptogam\s plants--,vegetation 9 ,novaia ,zemlaia--,9 ,spitzb]g5--,9 ,kamts*atka--,! ,fritall>ia s>rana--,! wood$ & des]t zones--,=ms ( animal life--,natural hi/ory ( ! re9de]--,8 usefulness--,8 food--,re9de] & wolves--,cunn+ ( ! ,arctic wolf--,dome/icity ( ! wolf--,! musk-ox describ$--,capta9 ,m',cl9tock quot$--,! ,arctic fox--,8 w>9ess--,a fox-trap--,! be> & ! fox--,! ,arctic h>e--,! ,alp9e h>e--,! ,hudson ,bay lemm+--,! ,mu/elid family--,! m>t5--,! sable--,! polecat--,ab\t ! glutton1 or wolv]9e--anecdotes ( 8 extraord9>y sagacity--,a great enemy to ! trapp]--,! bit] bit--,arctic birds--,! falcons--,! cr[s--,di/ribution ( animals #ace-afa ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,icel&1 its ext5t--,its hi/ory--,its volcanoes--,hekla & its eruptions--,eruption ( ! ,skapt ,jokul--,! geys]s1 or boil+ spr+s--,_! ph5om5a describ$--,acc\nt ( ! ,/rokr--,coa/s & valleys ( ,icel&--,! ,?+valla--,description ( ,reikiavik1 ! capital--,"* ( ! ,icel&]--,8 haymak+ op]ations--,8 dwell+ describ$--,an ,icel&ic *ur*--,icel&ic cl]gy--,travell+ 9 ,icel&--,its inconv5i5ces--,=d+ ! /reams--,fi%+ 9 ,icel& #afb-agd ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! l& ( ! ,eskimos--,range ( ! s-call$ ,arctic ,highl&]s--,dani% settlem5ts 9 ,gre5l&--,up]navik describ$--,jacob%av'n--,godhav'n--,_! ,eskimo inhabitants--,! ,moravian ,missions--,*>act]i/ics ( ! nomadic ,eskimos--,_! physical qualities--,_! mode ( dress--,an ,eskimo hut--,! ,eskimo kayak1 or canoe--,_! weapons & implem5ts--,ho/ility betwe5 ! ,eskimos & ,r$ ,indians--,eskimo settlem5t at ,anatoak--,eskimo s++--,food ( ! ,eskimos--,dr4 ,hayes' int]c\rse ) ! ,eskimos--,! /ory ( ,hans ! ,hunt]--,! ,eskimo dogs--,anecdote ( ,toodla--,! ,eskimo sl$ge--,equipm5t ( ! sl$ge--,equipm5t ( an ,eskimo hunt]--,g5]al "* ( ! ,eskimos #age-aif ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,lapl&1 its divisions1 ext5t1 & b\nd>ies--,its climate--,its inhabitants--,_! physical *>act]i/ics--,dress ( ! ,lapps--,_! sup]/itions--,! ,m\nta9 ,lapps--,_! migratory habits--,_! tuguria1 or huts1 describ$--,milk+ ! re9de]--,sl$g+ & skat+--,a ,lapp's skates--,a ,lapp's sl$ge--,! ,lapp hunt]s--,enc\nt] ) a be>--,intemp]ance ( ! ,m\nta9 ,lapps--,! ,=e/ ,lapps--,int]ior economy ( a ,lapl& hut--,lapps at ,bjorkholm--,racial *>act]i/ics ( ! ,lapps--,habits & mann]s ( ! ,lapps--,! ,lapp dialect--,! ,lapps & ! ,qunes--,! /ation>y ,lapps1 & _! grds #aig-bjg ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,samoj$es--,_! degrad+ sup]/itions--,samoj$e idol at ,waigatz--,! ,tadebtsios1 or spirits--,influ5ce ( ! ,tadibe1 or sorc]]--,8 mode ( incantation--,cu/oms ( ! ,samoj$es--,! ,o/iaks--,_! ,s*atans & ,s*amans--,resid5ce ( ! ,o/iaks--,hunt+ ! :ite be>--,kamts*atka describ$--,its inhabitants--,_! physical peculi>ities--,! dog ( ,kamts*atka--,8 qualities--,8 usefulness--,h[ he is tra9$--,sib]ia & its tribes--,! ,jakuts--,_! j>ts1 or huts--,_! h>dy horses--,! "* ( ! ,jakuts--,jakut travell]s--,jakut m]*ants & _! c>avans--,dre>9ess ( ! c\ntry !y inhabit--,hunt+ ! re9de]--,at ,kolymsk--,! ,tungusi--,8 mode ( travell+--,8 food--,! ,t*ukt*e1 & _! l&--,_! activity z trad]s--,tobacco1 a /aple ( comm]ce--,visit to a ,t*ukt*e family--,! ,t5ngyk & ! ,oukilon #bjh-bba ,,*apt] ,x4 ,hi/ory ( ,discov]y 9 ! ,arctic ,regions--,exp$itions ( ,?orne & ,hore--,( ,sir ,hugh ,will\ghby--,m>t9 ,frobi%] & 8 adv5tures--,discov]ies ( ,davis--,hudson1 8 discov]y ( ,hudson ,bay1 ,jan ,may51 & ,cape ,wol/5holm--,8 fate--,baff9's voyages--,highway to ! ,nor? ,pole--,exp$ition ( ,ross & ,p>ry--,p>ry's second exp$ition--,loss ( ! ,fury--,ov]l& j\rneys--,frankl9's la/ exp$ition--,! se>* aft] ,frankl9--,discov]y ( relics--,capta9 ,p5ny's exp$ition--,sir ,rob]t ,m',clure's discov]y ( ! ,nor?-,we/ ,passage--,voyage ( ,m',cl9tock--,lieut5ant ,hobson's discov]ies--,dr4 ,kane's exp$ition--,explores ,smi? ,s\nd--,discov]s ! ,humboldt ,glaci] & ,k5n$y ,*annel--,w9t]+ 9 ! ,arctic ,regions--,dr4 ,hayes' exp$ition--,voyage ( ! ,g]mania & ! ,hansa--,loss ( ! latt]--,escape ( ! crew on an ice-raft--,arrival at ,gre5l&--,adv5tures ( ! ,g]mania--,b>5ts & ,c>ls5--,au/rian exp$ition "u ,pay]--,voyage ( ! ,pol>is--,dea? ( ,hall--,tyson's voyage on an ice-raft--,rescu$ by ! ,tigress--,capta9 ,budd+ton ab&ons ! ,pol>is--,8 w9t] qu>t]s--,boat voyage--,safe arrival--,briti% exp$ition ( #ahge-gf--;,dep>ture ( ! ,al]t & ,discov]y--,n>rative ( ! exp$ition--,w9t] amusem5ts--,! sl$g+-p>ties--,important discov]ies--,no road to ! ,pole--,return home--,cruise ( ! ,p&ora #bbb-ccg ,illu/ration3 ,,nor? ,,pol> ,,regions ,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 #a4 ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,hansa0 ,,dragg+ ,,_! ,,boats ,,across ,,! ,,ice 7,,frontispiece74 #b4 ,a ,,des]t ,,( ,,ice ,,9 ,,! ,,arctic ,,region1 #ac #c4 ,,! ,,swamps ,,( ,,! ,,obi1 #af #d4 ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/ ,,zone ,,( ,,! ,,nor? 7,,full-,,page71 #ag #e4 ,,! ,,midnight ,,sun 7,,full-,,page71 #bc #f4 ,,(f ,,! ,,coa/ ,,( ,,gre5l&1 #be #g4 ,,moonlight ,,9 ,,! ,,pol> ,,_w1 #bf #h4 ,,! ,,aurora ,,borealis1 #bh #i4 ,,! ,,aurora ,,borealis--,,! ,,corona1 #bi #aj4 ,,atmosph]ic ,,ph5om5a ,,9 ,,! ,,arctic ,,regions3--,,reflection ,,( ,,iceb]gs1 #cb #aa4 ,,adv5t ,,( ,,spr+ ,,9 ,,! ,,pol> ,,regions1 #ce #ab4 ,,ursa ,,major ,,& ,,ursa ,,m9or1 #cf #ac4 ,,nebula ,,9 ,,&rom$a1 #ci #ad4 ,,ar*$ ,,iceb]g ,,(f ,,! ,,gre5l& ,,coa/1 #db #ae4 ,,among ,,! ,,b]gs--,a ,,n>r[ ,,escape1 #dc #af4 ,,iceb]g ,,& ,,ice-,,field1 ,,melville ,,bay1 ,,gre5l&1 #de #ag4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,iceb]gs--,,ext5sion ,,( ,a ,,glaci] ,,seaw>ds1 #dg #ah4 ,,! ,,alets* ,,glaci]1 ,,switz]l&1 ,,f ,,! ,,ggis*horn1 ,,%[+ ,,its ,,mora9es1 #dh #ai4 ,,! ,,m>jel5 ,,sea1 ,,switz]l&1 #dh #bj4 ,,fall ,,( ,,an ,,iceb]g 7,,full-,,page71 #ea #ba4 ,,9 ,,an ,,ice-,,pack1 ,,melville ,,bay1 #ec #bb4 ,,*annel ,,9 ,,an ,,ice-,,field1 #ed #bc4 8,,nipp$0 ,,9 ,,an ,,ice-,,field1 #ed #bd4 ,,among ,,! ,,ice-,,hummocks 7,,full-,,page71 #eg #be4 ,,hunt+ ,,! ,,walrus1 #fa #bf4 ,,! ,,walrus1 ,,or ,,morse1 #fc #bg4 ,a ,,walrus ,,family1 #fd #bh4 ,,fight ,,betwe5 ,a ,,walrus ,,& ,a ,,pol> ,,be>1 #fd #bi4 ,,boat ,,attack$ ,,by ,a ,,walrus 7,,full-,,page71 #fe #cj4 ,,fight ,,) ,a ,,walrus1 #fh #ca4 ,,h]d ,,( ,,seals1 ,,ne> ,,! ,,devil',s ,,?umb1 ,,baff9 ,,sea1 ,,gre5l&1 #ga #cb4 ,,! ,,common ,,seal1 #gc #cc4 ,,%oot+ ,a ,,seal1 #gd #cd4 ,,! ,,ot>y1 #ge #ce4 ,,! ,,hood$ ,,seal1 #gf #cf4 ,,an ,,eskimo ,,seal-,,hunt]1 #gg #cg4 ,,! ,,gre5l& ,,:ale1 #gi #ch4 ,,n>:als1 ,,male ,,& ,,female1 #hb #ci4 ,a ,,%oal ,,( ,,dolph9s1 #hc #dj4 ,,pol> ,,be>s1 #hd #da4 ,,be> ,,cat*+ ,a ,,seal1 #hf #db4 ,,be>s ,,de/roy+ ,a ,,ca*e1 #hh #dc4 ,,fight ,,) ,a ,,:ite ,,be> 7,,full-,,page71 #hi #dd4 ,,/alk+ ,a ,,be>1 #id #de4 ,,sea-,,birds ,,9 ,,! ,,pol> ,,regions1 #ig #df4 ,,! ,,great ,,auk--,,razor-,,bills--,,! ,,puff91 #ih #dg4 ,,puff9s1 #ii #dh4 ,,! ,,goos&]1 #ajj #di4 ,a ,,bird 8,,baza>0 ,,9 ,,novaia ,,zemlaia 7,,full-,,page71 #aja #ej4 ,,! ,,black-,,back$ ,,gull1 #ajc #ea4 ,,! ,,eid]-,,duck1 #ajc #eb4 ,,! ,,haunt ,,( ,,! ,,wild ,,swan1 #aje #ec4 ,,v>i\s ,,=ms ,,( ,,sn[-,,cry/als1 #aji #ed4 ,,exhibition ,,( ,,ice-,,fl[]s ,,by ,,projection1 #aaj #ee4 ,,ice-,,fl[]s1 #aaj #ef4 ,,m\ld+ ,,ice1 #aab #eg4 ,a ,,pol> ,,glaci]1 #aah #eh4 ,,glaci]1 ,,engli% ,,bay1 ,,spitzb]g51 #aai #ei4 ,,glaci]1 ,,bell ,,s\nd1 ,,spitzb]g51 #abj #fj4 ,,/eam] 8,,*>g+0 ,,an ,,iceb]g1 ,,up]navik1 ,,gre5l& 7,,full-,,page71 #aba #fa4 ,,=c+ ,a ,,passage ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,ice 7,,full-,,page71 #abe #fb4 ,,! ,,glaci] ,,( ,,s]miatsialik1 ,,gre5l& 7,,full-,,page71 #abi #fc4 ,,protococcus ,,nivalis1 #acf #fd4 ,,wild ,,re9de]1 #ade #fe4 ,,! ,,musk-,,ox1 #aej #ff4 ,,arctic ,,foxes1 #aeb #fg4 ,a ,,fox-,,trap1 #aec #fh4 ,,! ,,erm9e1 ,,or ,,sable ,,m>t51 #aef #fi4 ,,! ,,glutton1 ,,or ,,wolv]9e1 #aeg #gj4 ,,pt>migan1 #afj #ga4 ,,an ,,icel&ic ,,l&scape1 #afc #gb4 ,,m\nt ,,hekla1 ,,f ,,! ,,valley ,,( ,,hevita1 #afd #gc4 ,,! ,,great ,,geys]1 #aff #gd4 ,,h>b\r ,,( ,,reikiavik1 #afi #ge4 ,,icel&]s ,,fi%+ ,,= ,,n>:al1 #agd #gf4 ,,up]navik1 ,,gre5l&1 #agf #gg4 ,,disko ,,isl&1 ,,gre5l&1 #agg #gh4 ,,godhav',n1 ,,disko ,,isl&1 ,,gre5l&1 #agg #gi4 ,,dani% ,,settlem5t ,,( ,,jacob%av',n1 ,,gre5l&1 #agh #hj4 ,,build+ ,,an ,,eskimo ,,hut1 #aha #ha4 ,,! ,,eskimo ,,kayak1 #ahb #hb4 ,,! ,,eskimo ,,oomiak1 #ahc #hc4 ,,dr4 ,,hayes ,,falls ,,9 ,,) ,,hans ,,! ,,hunt] 7,,full-,,page71 #ahg #hd4 ,,eskimo ,,dogs1 #aia #he4 ,,eskimo ,,sl$ge ,,& ,,team 7,,full-,,page71 #aic #hf4 ,,re9de] ,,9 ,,lapl&1 #bjj #hg4 ,,travell+ ,,9 ,,lapl&1 #bja #hh4 ,,fi%] ,,lapps1 #bjc #hi4 ,,samoj$e ,,huts ,,on ,,waigatz ,,isl&1 #bji #ij4 ,a ,,samoj$e ,,family1 #baj #ia4 ,,jakut ,,hunt] ,,& ,,be>1 #bab #ib4 ,,kamts*atkans1 #bac #ic4 ,a ,,kamts*atkan ,,sl$ge ,,& ,,team1 #bae #id4 ,,! ,,loss ,,( ,,! 8,,squirrel10 #bbd #ie4 ,,%ip ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury1 #bbe #if4 ,,sc5]y ,,( ,,jan ,,may51 #bbf #ig4 ,,! 8,,hecla0 ,,& 8,,fury0 ,,w9t]+ ,,at ,,w9t] ,,isl&1 #bbi #ih4 ,,! 8,,fury0 ,,ab&on$ ,,by ,,p>ry1 #bcj #ii4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,! ,,cairn ,,conta9+ ,,sir ,,john ,,frankl9',s ,,pap]s1 #bce #ajj4 ,,relics ,,( ,,! ,,frankl9 ,,exp$ition ,,br\ght ,,back ,,to ,,engl&1 #bce #aja4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,boats ,,( ,,! ,,frankl9 ,,exp$ition1 #bcf #ajb4 ,,! 8,,?ree ,,bro!r ,,turrets10 #bch #ajc4 ,,morton ,,on ,,! ,,%ore ,,( ,,! ,,suppos$ ,,pol> ,,ocean1 #bdj #ajd4 ,,dr4 ,,kane ,,pay+ ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,an ,,eskimo ,,hut ,,at ,,etah1 #bda #aje4 ,,try+ ,,to ,,lasso ,a ,,be> 7,,full-,,page71 #bdg #ajf4 ,,! ,,midnight ,,sun1 ,,gre5l&1 #bdi #ajg4 ,a ,,be> ,,at ,,an*or1 #bdi #ajh4 ,,skat+--,,(f ,,! ,,coa/ ,,( ,,gre5l&1 #bej #aji4 ,,sn[ ,,l9nets ,,& ,,bunt+s ,,visit+ ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,hansa10 #bed #aaj4 ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,hansa0 ,,biv\ack+ ,,on ,,! ,,ice 7,,full-,,page71 #bee #aaa4 ,a ,,ra% ,,intrud]1 #bei #aab4 ,,be>-,,hunt+1 ,,gre5l&1 #bfj #aac4 8,,into ,a ,,wat]-,,gap10 #bfa #aad4 ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,g]mania0 ,,9 ,a ,,sn[-,,/orm 7,,full-,,page71 #bfc #aae4 ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,! ,,h\se1 #bff #aaf4 ,,attack ,,on ,a ,,be>1 #bfg #aag4 ,,sett+ ,,fox-,,traps1 #bfh #aah4 ,,reliev$1 #bfi #aai4 ,,fun]al ,,( ,,capta9 ,,hall 7,,full-,,page71 #bgc #abj4 ,,an ,,arctic ,,sn[-,,/orm1 #bgf #aba4 ,,! ,,ca/aways ,,on ,,! ,,ice 7,,full-,,page71 #bgi #abb4 ,,adrift ,,on ,,! ,,ice-,,floe1 #bha #abc4 ,,recov]y ,,( ,,! ,,boat ,,by ,,capta9 ,,tyson1 #bhb #abd4 ,,igloes ,,con/ruct$ ,,by ,,! ,,ca/aways1 #bhc #abe4 ,,hans ,,mi/ak5 ,,= ,a ,,be>1 #bhd #abf4 ,,difficult ,,travell+ 7,,full-,,page71 #bhe #abg4 ,,! ,,guid+ ,,light1 #bhg #abh4 ,,dragg+ ,a ,,seal1 #bhh #abi4 ,,return ,,( ,,! ,,sun 7,,full-,,page71 #bhi #acj4 ,,%oot+ ,,n>:al1 #bia #aca4 ,,dragg+ ,,! ,,oogjook1 #bib #acb4 ,,sunlight ,,effect ,,9 ,,! ,,arctic ,,region 7,,full-,,page71 #bic #acc4 ,,fir/ ,,sight ,,( ,a ,,:ale1 #bie #acd4 ,,face ,,to ,,face ,,) ,a ,,pol> ,,be>1 #bif #ace4 ,,an ,,arctic ,,ice-,,scape 7,,full-,,page71 #big #acf4 ,,on ,,bo>d ,,! ,,boat1 #bii #acg4 ,,break+ ,,up ,,( ,,! ,,ice1 #cjj #ach4 ,,joe ,,captures ,a ,,seal1 #cjj #aci4 ,a ,,night ,,( ,,fe> 7,,full-,,page71 #cja #adj4 ,a 8,,hell ,,( ,,wat]s10 #cjc #ada4 ,,dragg+ ,,! ,,boat ,,on ,,to ,a ,,floe1 #cjd #adb4 ,,cl++ ,,to ,,! ,,boat 7,,full-,,page71 #cje #adc4 ,,sav$6 7,,full-,,page71 #cji ,,! ,,arctic ,,_w4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,pole--,,?re%old ,,( ,,! ,,unkn[n ,,_w--,,! ,,circumpol> ,,regions--,,! ,,flora ,,( ,,! ,,nor?--,,life ,,9 ,,! ,,pol> ,,_w--,,! ,,nor?-,,we/ ,,& ,,nor?-,,ea/ ,,passages4 ,z ! read] kn[s1 ! ,poles are ! two extremities ( ! axis r\nd :i* ! ,e>? revolves4 ,x is to ! ,nor? ,pole1 & ! regions surr\nd+ x1 t ! foll[+ pages w be devot$4 ,! inhabitants ( ,we/]n ,europe1 & m p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! ,briti% ,isles1 h a peculi> int]e/ 9 ! ,nor? ,pol> ,regions4 ,d]iv+ _! weal? & importance f _! comm]cial ent]prise1 & t comm]cial ent]prise lead+ _! %ips & seam5 into ! fur!/ seas1 !y h necess>ily a vital conc]n 9 ! discov]y ( ! %orte/ possible r\te f t side ( ! ,e>? :i* !y inhabit to ! o!r1 or ea/]n side2 & ?is1 m p>ticul>ly1 because ! ,ea/ is ri* 9 natural productions :i* are ( high value to ! peoples ( ! ,we/4 ,n[ a glance at ! map w %[ ! read] t ! trad]s ( ,we/]n ,europe--! ,briti%1 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,dut*1 ! ,sc&9avians--are situat$ on ! nor!rn %ores ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 & t1 to rea* ! ,pacific ,ocean or ! ,indian1 only two r\tes are at pres5t op54 ,= in/ance1 !y may cross ! ,atlantic to ! ,am]ican coa/1 &1 keep+ s\?w>d1 /rike ?r\gh ,magellan's /ormy ,/rait or r\nd ! bleak promontory ( ,cape ,horn into ! ,pacific1 & !n1 ov] "s ?\s&s ( miles ( wat]1 proce$ to ,au/ralia or ,h9du/an or ,*9a2 or !y may keep along ! ,african coa/ to ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 its s\!rnmo/ po9t1 & s /ret* across ! w>m ,tropical seas to ,india & ! ,ea/]n ,ar*ipelago4 ,a ?ird1 an artificial r\te1 has inde$ ( late ye>s be5 op5$ up2 & %ips1 ent]+ ! ,m$it]ranean1 may pass ?r\gh ! ,suez ,canal into ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,b ?is la/-nam$ r\te is unsuitable = sail+-%ips1 & all ?ree r\tes are labori\s & sl[4 ,h[ greatly ! di/ance w\ld be %ort5$ 7 x possible to navigate ! ,nor!rn ,seas1 &1 keep+ along ! nor? coa/ ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 to desc5d ,behr+'s ,/rait into ! ,pacific6 ,9 o!r words1 7 t ,nor?-,we/ ,passage practicable1 :i*1 = ?ree c5turies1 our geograph]s & explor]s s assidu\sly & c\rage\sly toil$ to discov]6 ,b a /ill %ort] r\te w\ld be op5$ up1 if we c\ld foll[ a l9e drawn f ! ,briti% ,isl&s /raight across ! ,nor? ,pole to ,behr+'s ,sea & ! ,aleutian ,ar*ipelago4 ,?is l9e w\ld n exce$ #ejjj miles 9 l5g?1 & w\ld br+ ,japan1 ,*9a1 & ,india )9 a v %ort voyage f ,great ,brita94 ,we %\ld be able to rea* ,japan 9 ?ree or f\r weeks1 to ! obvi\s advantage ( our ext5sive comm]ce4 ,hi!rto1 h[ev]1 all ef=ts to foll[ out ?is r\te1 & to ?r[ op5 ?is great ocean-highway betwe5 ,europe & ,asia1 h fail$4 ,man has be5 baffl$ by ,nature2 by ice1 & fro/1 & w9ds1 & climatic influ5ces4 ,) h]oic p]sev]ance he has s\ght to ga9 ! op5 sea :i*1 x is believ$1 surr\nds ! ,pole1 b a b>ri] ( ice has inv>iably arre/$ 8 progress4 ,8 rese>*es h c>ri$ him )9 ab\t #ejj miles ( ! covet$ po9t2 b he is z yet unable to move a /ep beyond ?is fur!/ limit ( geographical discov]y4 ,imm$iately ar\nd ! ,nor? ,pole1 )9 a radius ( eight to t5 degrees or m1 accord+ to locality1 /ill lies an ,unkn[n ,region1 on ! ?re%old ( :i* ,sci5ce /&s expectant1 eag]ly look+ =w>d to ! day :5 human skill & human c\rage %all p5etrate its solitudes & reveal its secrets4 ,?is ,unkn[n ,region comprises an area ( #b1ejj1jjj squ>e miles2 an imm5se portion ( ! t]re/rial surface to be %ut out f ! k ( ,civiliz$ ,man4 ,its fur!r exploration1 if practicable1 _c b be ri* 9 valuable results4 ,n only w\ld x furni% ! %orte/ r\te f ! ,we/ to ! ,ea/1 f progressive ,europe to cons]vative ,asia1 f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific1 b x c\ld n fail to add 9 a v important degree to our /ores ( sci5tific in=mation4 ,sir ,edw>d ,sab9e is surely "r :5 he says1 t x is ! greate/ geographical a*ievem5t :i* c be attempt$1 & t x w be ! cr[n+ ent]prise ( ^? ,arctic rese>*es 9 :i* ,engl& has hi!rto _h ! pre-em95ce4 ,we may briefly indicate to ! read] "s ( ! advantages :i* might be expect$ f exploration 9 ! ,unkn[n ,region4 ,x w\ld unque/ionably advance ! sci5ce ( hydrography1 & lead to a solution ( "s ( ! m difficult problems connect$ ) ! ,equatorial & ,pol> ocean-curr5ts1 ^? great movem5ts ( ! wat]s ( :i*1 z yet1 we "k s little4 ,a s]ies ( p5dulum obs]vations1 x is said1 at & ne> ! ,nor? ,pole1 w\ld be ( ess5tial s]vice to ! sci5ce ( geology4 ,we are unable1 at pres5t1 = want ( suffici5t data1 to =m a ma!matical !ory ( ! physical condition ( ! ,e>?1 & to asc]ta9 its exact configuration4 ,no p5dulum obs]vations h be5 tak5 ne>] ?an #fjj or #fbj miles to ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,aga93 :at preci\s in=mation respect+ ! /range & wond]ful ph5om5a ( magnetism & atmosph]ic electricity w\ld c]ta9ly be acquir$6 ,h[ mu* we h yet to le>n 9 ref]5ce to ! ,aurora1 :i* c be le>n$ only 9 high latitudes1 & at or ne> ! po9t :i* app>5tly repres5ts a magnetic focus or c5tre6 ,x has also be5 po9t$ out by ,mr4 ,m>kham t ! climate ( ,europe is l>gely affect$ by ! atmosph]ic conditions ( ! ,pol> area1 9 :i* ! developm5t ( extremely l[ temp]atures necess>ily leads to correspond+ extreme *anges ( pressure1 & o!r atmosph]ic di/urbances1 ^: influ5ce ext5ds f> into ! ,temp]ate ,zone4 ,= ! satisfactory appreciation ( ^! ph5om5a1 says ,mr4 ,m>kham1 a precise k is requir$ ( ! di/ribution ( l& & wat] )9 ! ,pol> ,region2 & any addition to our k ( its unkn[n area1 accompani$ by suitable obs]vations ( its meteorology1 _c fail to af=d improv$ means ( und]/&+ ! meteorology ( our own c\ntry1 & ( ! ,e>? g5]ally4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 too1 t geology w\ld pr(it1 if we c\ld pu% our rese>*es ne>] to ! ,pole1 & =ce our way ?r\gh ! great b>ri] ( ! ,pol> ice4 ,x is highly desirable1 too1 t we %\ld "k m ( t int]e/+ class ( animals1 ! ,mollusca1 bo? t]re/rial & aquatic1 fre%-wat] & salt-wat]4 ,aga93 :at a wide field ( inquiry is op5$ up by ! ,pol> glaci]s2 _! ext5t1 _! elevation1 _! range1 & ! effects produc$ by ! sl[ b cont9u\s motion ( ^? huge ice-riv]s ov] ! surface ( ! c\ntry4 ,& ! botani/ has a "r to calculate ^u ! discov]y ( _m preci\s =ms ( vegetable life 9 ! ,unkn[n ,region4 ,! ,arctic flora is by no means abundant1 b x is peculi>ly int]e/+4 ,9 ,gre5l&1 besides num]\s mosses1 li*5s1 alg1 & ! l1 fl\ri% ?ree hundr$ k9ds ( fl[]+ plants1 all ( :i* are natives ( ! ,sc&9avian p59sula2 & ,dr4 ,joseph ,hook] rem>ks t !y exhibit sc>cely any admixture ( ,am]ican types1 ?\gh ^! are f\nd on ! opposite coa/ ( ,labrador4 ,x w\ld seem probable t 9 ! w>m p]iod :i* prec$$ ! ,glacial ,age1 ! ,sc&9avian flora spread ov] ! entire area ( ! ,pol> ,regions2 b t dur+ ! ,age ( ,ice x 0 gradually driv5 )9 its pres5t limits1 only ! h>di] types surviv+ ! blight ( ! long l+]+ w9t]4 ,& :at w\ld be ! ga9 to ! zoologi/8 ,:y1 x is a well-kn[n fact t life ab\nds 9 ! ,arctic wat]s1 & especially ^? m9ute organisms :i* play s important a "p 9 ! =mation ( s$im5t>y deposits1 & help to build up ! t]re/rial cru/4 ,we h mu* to le>n1 moreov]1 ( ! habits & habitats ( ! fi%1 ! e*9od]ms1 ! molluscs1 ! corals1 ! sponges ( ! extreme ,nor!rn ,seas4 ,!re are que/ions connect$ ) ! migrations ( birds :i* c be elucidat$ only by an exploration ( ! ,unkn[n ,region4 ,multitudes :i* annually visit our %ores 9 ! w9t] & spr+1 return 9 summ] to ! f> ,nor?4 ,?is is _! regul> cu/om1 & obvi\sly w\ld n h become a cu/om unless x _h be5 f\nd b5eficial4 ,!re=e we may assume t 9 ! zone !y frequ5t !y f9d "s wat] :i* is n always froz52 "s l& on :i* !y c re/ _! we>y feet2 & an adequate supply ( n\ri%+ food4 ,f ,pr(essor ,newton we adopt1 9 connection ) ?is consid]ation1 a brief acc\nt ( ! movem5ts ( "o class ( migratory birds1--! ,knots4#a ,! knot1 or s&pip]1 is some?+ half-way betwe5 a snipe & a plov]4 ,x is a v active & graceful bird1 ) r long legs1 mod]ately long w+s1 & a v %ort tail4 ,x swims admirably1 b is n (t5 se5 9 ! wat]2 pref]r+ to assemble ) its fell[s on ! s&y sea-%ores1 :]e x gropes 9 ! s& = food1 or fi%es 9 ! rock-pools & %all[ wat]s = ! small cru/aceans4 ,x is kn[n bo? z ! r$ & ! a%-col\r$ s&pip]1 because x *anges ! col\r ( its plumage accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>2 a bright r$ 9 summ]1 a sob] a%5-gray 9 w9t]4 ,n[1 9 ! spr+ ! knot seeks our isl& 9 imm5se flocks1 & aft] rema9+ on ! coa/s = ab\t a =tnight1 c be trac$ proce$+ gradually nor?w>ds1 until x f9ally takes leave ( u4 ,x has be5 notic$ 9 ,icel& & ,gre5l&1 b n to /ay2 ! summ] !re w\ld be too rigor\s = its lik+1 & x goes fur!r & fur!r nor?4 ,:i!r8 ,:]e does x build its ne/1 & hat* its "y8 ,we lose all trace ( x = "s weeks3 :at becomes ( x8 ,t[>ds ! end ( summ] back x comes to u 9 l>g] flocks ?an be=e1 & bo? old birds & "y birds rema9 ^u our coa/s until ,novemb]1 or1 9 mild seasons1 ev5 lat]4 ,!n x w+s its flight to ! s\?1 & luxuriates 9 blue skies & balmy airs until ! foll[+ spr+1 :5 x resumes ! ord] ( its migrations4 ,comm5t+ ^u ^! facts1 ,pr(essor ,newton inf]s t ! l&s visit$ by ! knot 9 ! middle ( summ] are less /]ile ?an ,icel& or ,gre5l&2 = c]ta9ly x w\ld n pass ov] ^! c\ntries1 :i* are kn[n to be ! bre$+-places = sw>ms ( wat]-birds1 to resort to regions n s well provid$ ) supplies ( food4 ,! food1 h[ev]1 *iefly dep5ds on ! climate4 ,:]e=e we conclude t beyond ! nor!rn tracts already explor$ lies a region enjoy+ 9 summ] a climate m g5ial ?an !y possess4 ,d any races ( m5 ) :i* we are n[ unacqua9t$ inhabit ! ,unkn[n ,region8 ,mr4 ,m>kham obs]ves t al?\gh sc>cely "o-half ( ! ,arctic _w has be5 explor$1 yet num]\s traces ( =m] inhabitants h be5 f\nd 9 wa/es :i* are at pres5t ab&on$ to ! sil5ce & solitude4 ,man w\ld seem to migrate z well z ! inf]ior animals1 & x is possible t tribes may be dwell+ 9 ! my/]i\s inn] zone betwe5 ! ,pole & ! kn[n ,pol> c\ntries4 ,! extreme po9ts rea*$ by our explor]s on ! ice-b\nd ,gre5l& coa/ are 9 ab\t #hb on ! we/1 & #gf on ! ea/ side2 ^! two po9ts ly+ ab\t six hundr$ miles ap>t4 ,z man has dwelt at bo? ^! po9ts1 & z !y are sep>at$ f ! settlem5ts fur!r s\? by a dre>y1 desolate1 un9habitable int]val1 x is n an extravagant conjecture t ! unkn[n l& to ! nor? has be5 or is inhabit$4 ,9 #ahah a small tribe 0 discov]$ on ! bleak ,gre5l& coa/ betwe5 #gf & #gi ,n42 _! s\?w>d range be+ b\nd$ by ! glaci]s ( ,melville ,bay1 & _! nor?w>d by ! colossal mass ( ! ,humboldt ,glaci]1 :ile inl& _! way is b>r$ by ! ,s]nik-sook1 a great glaci] ( ! int]ior4 ,^! s-call$ ,arctic ,highl&]s numb] ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty s\ls1 & _! exi/5ce 8dep5ds on op5 pools & lanes ( wat] ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 :i* attract animal life40 ,:]ev] su* conditions z ^! are f\nd1 man may be f\nd4 ,we "k t !re are or h be5 inhabitants nor? ( ! ,humboldt ,glaci]1 on ! v ?re%old ( ! ,unkn[n ,region2 = ,dr4 ,kane's exp$ition discov]$ ! runn] ( a sl$ge made ( bone ly+ on ! bea* imm$iately to ! nor? ( x4 ,! ,arctic ,highl&]s1 moreov]1 *]i% a tradition t h]ds ( musk-ox5 frequ5t an isl& situat$ f> away to ! nor? 9 an iceless sea4 ,traces ( ^! animals 7 f\nd by ,capta9 ,hall's exp$ition1 9 #ahga-gb1 z f> nor? z #ha #cj2 & simil> indications h be5 not$ on ! ea/]n side ( ,gre5l&4 ,9 #ahbc1 ,capta9 ,clav]+ f\nd twelve natives at ,cape ,borlase ,w>r51 9 lat4 #gi ,n42 b :5 ,capta9 ,koldewey1 ( ! ,g]man exp$ition1 w9t]$ 9 ! same neighb\rhood1 9 #ahfi1 !y _h disappe>$1 ?\gh !re 7 traces ( _! occupancy1 & ample means ( subsi/5ce4 ,yet !y _c h gone s\?w>d1 ow+ to insup]able natural ob/acles2 !y mu/ h mov$ t[>ds ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,we h ?us indicat$ "s ( ! results :i* may be anticipat$ f fur!r rese>*es 9 ! ,unkn[n ,region4 ,x is n to be =gott51 h[ev]1 t 8! unexpect$ always happ5s10 & x is impossible to calculate def9itely ! consequ5ces :i* may ensue f a m ext5sive inve/igation4 8,columbus10 x has be5 ju/ly said1 8f\nd v few to sympa?ize ) him1 or p]ceive ! utility ( ! ef=t on 8 "p to g out into ! unkn[n wa/e ( wat]s beyond ! ,/rait ( ,gibralt>1 9 se>* ( a new c\ntry4 ,:o c1 at ?is "t1 e/imate ! advantages :i* h foll[$ ^u t adv5ture8 ,if n[ x %\ld be possible to rea* ! ,pole1 & to make accurate obs]vations at t po9t1 f ! relation :i* ! ,e>? be>s to ! sun & to ! :ole /ell> univ]se1 ! mo/ useful results are v likely to foll[1 9 a m ?or\gh k ( our globe40 ,! read] has n[ be=e him ! p>ticul>s :i* w enable him to =m an idea ( ! ext5t & "* ( ! undiscov]$ region ( ! ,pole4 ,r\ghly speak+1 x is b\nd$ by ! #hj? p>allel ( latitude on ! ,european side1 except at a few po9ts :]e our gallant explor]s h succe$$ 9 cross+ ! ?re%old2 on ! ,asiatic side x desc5ds z l[ z #ge2 & to ! we/ ( ,behr+ ,/rait z l[ z #gb4 ,?us1 x v>ies f #ejj or #fjj to #adjj or #aejj miles across4 ,bel[ ^! p>allels1 & b\nd$ by ! ,arctic ,circle1 or1 9 "s places1 by ! #fj? p>allel1 ext5ds a va/ belt ( l& & wat] :i* is g5]ally kn[n z ! ,arctic or ,circumpol> ,regions4 ,^! h be5 m or less ?or\ghly explor$2 & x is to a description ( _! pr9cipal features1 _! =ms ( animal & vegetable life1 & _! natural ph5om5a1 t we propose to devote ! pres5t volume4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,des]t ,,( ,,ice ,,9 ,,! ,,arctic ,,region4 ,x is important to rememb] t ! nor!rn %ores ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica are skirt$ by ! p>allel ( #gj1 & t ! belt betwe5 ! #gj? & #hj? p>allels1 hav+ be5 p>tially explor$ by ! seam5 & travell]s ( v>i\s nations1 int]v5es z a k9d ( neutral gr\nd betwe5 ! kn[n & ! unkn[n4 ,we may1 inde$1 =mulate our /atem5t ?us2 f ! ,pole to ! #hj? degree /ret*es ! unkn[n2 f ! #hj? to ! #gj?1 ! p>tially kn[n2 :ile1 s\? ( ! #gj?1 we trav]se ! l&s & seas :i* human ent]prise has completely conqu]$4 ,! ,circumpol> ,zone includes ! nor!rnmo/ portions ( ! ?ree great cont95ts1 ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica2 & by sea x has ?ree approa*es or gateways3 "o1 ?r\gh ! ,nor!rn ,ocean1 betwe5 ,norway & ,gre5l&2 ano!r1 ?r\gh ,davis ,/rait1--bo? ^! be+ f ! ,atlantic2 & a ?ird1 ?r\gh ,behr+ ,/rait1--! entrance f ! ,pacific4 ,x w be se5 t ! ,circumpol> ,regions1 z !y are n[ und]/ood1 & z we %all describe !m 9 ! foll[+ pages1 ext5d to ! s\? ( t imag9>y l9e drawn by geograph]s r\nd ! ,nor? ,pole1 at a di/ance f x equal to ! obliquity ( ! ecliptic1 or #bc #cj'4 ,)9 ?is circle1 h[ev]1 !re is a p]iod ( ! ye> :5 ! sun does n set2 :ile !re is ano!r :5 he is nev] se51 :5 a settl$ gloom spreads ov] ! face ( nature1--?is p]iod be+ long] or %ort] at any giv5 po9t accord+ z t po9t is ne>] to or fur!r f ! ,pole4 ,b z animal & vegetable life are l>gely affect$ by climate1 x may be ju/ly said t :]ev] an ,arctic climate prevails !re we %all f9d an ,arctic or ,pol> region2 &1 h5ce1 _m c\ntries bel[ ev5 ! #fj? p>allel1 su* z ,kamts*atka1 ,labrador1 & ,s\? ,gre5l&1 fall )9 ! ,circumpol> b\nd>y4 ,! wat]s surr\nd+ ! ,nor? ,pole be> ! g5]al designation ( ! ,arctic ,ocean4 ,b "h aga9 x is almo/ impossible to p>ticul>ize any uni=m limit s\?w>d4 ,x jo9s ! ,pacific at ,behr+ ,/rait 9 ab\t lat4 #ff ,n41 & consequ5tly 9 ?is qu>t] ext5ds fully half a degree beyond ! ,arctic ,circle4 ,at ,scoresby ,s\nd1 z at ,nor? ,cape1 :]e x meets ! ,atlantic1 x is int]sect$ by ! p>allel ( #ga1 & consequ5tly falls %ort ( ! ,arctic ,circle by ab\t #d #cj'4 ,9 ! ,old ,_w1 ! ,pol> ,ocean1 if we include its gulfs1 ext5ds1 9 ! ,:ite ,sea1 fully two degrees beyond ! ,arctic ,circle2 :ile at ,cape ,sev]o1 ! nor!rnmo/ po9t ( ,asia1 9 lat4 #gh #be' ,n41 x is #aa #ee' di/ance f x4 ,f9ally1 9 ! ,new ,_w x is ev]y:]e conf9$ )9 ! ,circle2 z mu* z #e at ,po9t ,b>r[1 ab\t #g #cj' at ,b>r[ ,/rait1 & ab\t #c at ! ,hecla & ,fury ,/rait4 ,we may add t1 s f> z temp]ature is conc]n$1 ! great gulfs kn[n1 9 memory ( _! discov]]s1 z ,davis ,/rait1 ,baff9 ,bay1 & ,hudson ,bay1 are portions ( ! ,arctic ,ocean4 ,( ! m s\!rly area ( ?is great ocean1 ! only section :i* has be5 adequately explor$ to a di/ance f ! cont95t1 & 9 ! direction ( ! ,pole1 is t :i* wa%es ! nor?-ea/ ( ,am]ica4 ,"h we meet1 "u ! collective "n ( ! ,pol> ,ar*ipelago1 ) ! foll[+ isl&s3--,banks ,l&1 ,wolla/on ,l&1 ,pr9ce ,alb]t ,l&1 ,victoria ,l&1 ,pr9ce ,patrick ,isl&1 ,pr9cess ,royal ,isl&s1 ,melville ,isl&1 ,cornwallis ,isl&1 ,nor? ,devon1 ,bee*ey ,isl&1 ,gr9nell ,l&1 & ,nor? ,l9coln4 ,fur!r to ! ea/ lie ,spitzb]g51 ,jan ,may5 ,isl&1 ,novaia ,zemlaia1 ,new ,sib]ia1 & ! ,liakhov ,isl&s4 ,! *ief /raits & inlets are ,lanca/] ,s\nd1 ,b>r[ ,/rait1 ,smi? ,s\nd1 ,reg5t ,inlet1 ,hecla & ,fury ,/rait1 ,well+ton ,*annel1 & ,cumb]l& ,s\nd2 :ile fur!r we/w>d are ,bel*] ,*annel1 ,melville ,s\nd1 ,m',cl9tock ,*annel1 ,banks ,/rait1 & ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,/rait4 ,! ,arctic ,l&s compreh5d two well-def9$ sections1 or zones2 t ( ! =e/s1 & ! treeless wa/es4 ,to ! latt] belong ! isl&s )9 ! ,arctic ,circle1 & also a consid]able tract ( ! nor!rn cont95ts1 =m+ ! 8b>r5s0 ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ! 8tundras0 & 8/eppes0 ( ,european ,russia & ,sib]ia4 ,! treeless "* ( ?is va/ area ( wild]ness is ow+ to ! bleak sea-w9ds :i* drive1 )\t let or h9drance1 across ! isl&s & level %ores ( ! ,pol> ,ocean1 compell+ ev5 ! mo/ vigor\s plant to b5d be=e !m & creep along ! gr\nd4 ,dre>i] sc5es are n[h]e pres5t$ ?an ^! /ony tundras1 or _! b\ndless swamps4 ,almo/ ! only vegetation are a few gray li*5s1 a few dull blacki%-look+ mosses2 ! /unt$ fl[]s or crawl+ grasses t "h & !re occur d n relieve ! uni=m desolation1--!y s]ve simply to enhance its gloomy "*4 ,9 summ]1 inde$1 ! tundras are full ( life2 = ! spawn+ in/9ct ( ! salmon & ! /urgeon impels !m to ent] _! riv]s & seek ! quiet recesses ( _! my/]i\s lakes4 ,! re9de] assemble 9 num]\s h]ds to fe$ on ! h]bage w>m$ into tempor>y vitality by ! upw>d-slant+ sun2 ! :irr ( c\ntless w+s ann\nces ! com+ ( ! migratory birds to bre$1 & fe$ _! "y1 on ! riv]-banks & ! level %ores2 & 9 _! trail arrive ! eagle & ! hawk1 int5t on prey4 ,b ) ! fir/ days ( ,septemb] a *ange passes ov] ! sc5e4 ,animal life ha/5s to ! m g5ial s\?2 ! birds ab&on ! froz5 wa/es2 ! re9de] retires to ! %elt] ( ! =e/s2 ! fi% des]t ! ice-b\nd /reams2 & a t]rible sil5ce reigns 9 ! desolate wild]ness1 brok5 only by ! h>% yelp ( a fox or ! melan*oly hoot+ ( a sn[-owl4 ,= "s eight or n9e mon?s a deep %r\d or pall ( sn[ lies on ! :it5$ pla9s4 ,no *e]ful sunbeams irradiate x ) a rosy gl[2 ! sky is dull & d>k2 & x seems z if ,nature _h be5 ab&on$ to et]nal ,night4 ,b blank & dre>y z ! limitless expanse ( sn[ appe>s1 x is ! security ( man 9 ^! f> nor!rn regions4 ,x af=ds ! necess>y protection to ! scanty vegetable life aga9/ ! rig\r ( ! long w9t] season4 ,9 ,r5ssela] ,bay1 ,dr4 ,kane f\nd1 :5 ! surface temp]ature _h sunk to -#cj1 a temp]ature at two feet deep ( -#h1 at f\r feet deep ( #b1 & at eight feet deep ( #bf1 or no m ?an #f bel[ freez+-po9t4 ,h5ce1 und]nea? _! ?ick froz5 pall1 ! ,arctic grasses & li*5s ma9ta9 a /ruggl+ exi/5ce1 & are able to ma9ta9 x until ?or\ghly resuscitat$ by ! summ] sun4 ,x is ow+ to ?is wise & b5efic5t provision t1 9 ! highe/ latitudes1 ! explor] discov]s "s feeble =ms ( vegetation4 ,?us1 z ,h>twig rem9ds u1 ,morton ga!r$ a crucif] at ,cape ,con/itution1 9 lat4 #hj #de' ,n42 & ,dr4 ,kane1 on ! banks ( ! ,m9turn ,riv]1 9 lat4 #gh #eb'1 met ) a fl[]-gr[? :i*1 ?\gh fully ,arctic 9 its type1 0 gaily & ri*ly col\r$--includ+ ! purple ly*nis1 ! />ry *ickwe$1 & ! hesp]is1 among ! fe/uca & o!r tuft$ grasses4 ,9 ! tundras1 ! mo/ abundant vegetable =ms1 next to ! li*5s & mosses1 are ! grasses1 ! crucif]s1 ! saxifrages1 ! c>yophyles1 & ! composit4 ,^! gr[ few] & few] z we move t[>ds ! nor?1 b ! numb] ( individual plants does n decrease4 ,:]e ! soil is fairly dry1 we %all f9d an ext5sive gr[? ( li*5s2 9 moi/] gr\nds1 ^! are int]m+l$ ) ! well-kn[n ,icel& moss4 ,li*5s are ev]y:]e1 except 9 ! sp>se tracts ( mead[-l& ly+ at ! foot ( %elt]+ hills1 or 9 ^? alluvial inundat$ holl[s :i* are ?ickly plant$ ) 8:isp]+ re$s0 & dw>f will[s4 ,x is n easy to trace exactly ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! tundras & ! =e/ zone4 ,! =m] desc5d to ! s\?1 & ! latt] advances to ! nor?1 accord+ to ! climatic influ5ces :i* prevail2 foll[+ ! iso!rmic l9es ( uni=m temp]ature1 & n ! ma!matical limits ( ! geographical p>allels ( latitude4 ,:]e ! gr\nd undulates1 & hilly ridges break ! fury ( ! icy bla/s1 ! =e/s encroa* on ! /ony treeless region2 b ! desolate pla9s /rike into ! wood$ zone 9 places :]e ! ocean-w9ds range ) un*eck$ sway4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,swamps ,,( ,,! ,,obi4 ,! s\!rnmo/ limit ( ! 8b>r5s0 is f\nd 9 ,labrador1 :]e !y desc5d to lat4 #eg2 nor is ?is to be wond]$ at1 :5 we rememb] ! peculi> position ( t gloomy p59sula1 ) icy seas wa%+ x on ?ree sides1 & cold w9ds sweep+ ov] x f ! nor?4 ,on ! opposite coa/s ( ,hudson ,bay !y d n /rike l[] ?an #fj2 & !y cont9ue to rise z we proce$ we/w>d1 until 9 ! ,mack5zie ,valley we f9d ! tall =e/ gr[? rea*+ z f> nor? z #fh or ev5 #gj4 ,!nce !y rec$e gradually1 until1 on ! bleak %ore ( ,behr+ ,sea1 !y d n rise high] ?an #fe4 ,cross+ into ! ea/]n cont95t1 we f9d !m beg9n+1 9 ! l& ( ! ,tuski 7or ,t*ukt*e71 9 #fc1 & f !nce encroa*+ gradually ^u ! tundras until1 at ! ,l5a1 !y rea* z high z #ga4 ,f ! ,l5a to ! ,obi ! tundras ga9 ^u ! =e/s1 & 9 ! ,obi ,valley desc5d bel[ ! ,arctic ,circle2 b f ! ,obi to ! ,sc&9avian coa/ ! =e/s ga9 ^u ! tundras1 t]m9at+1 aft] _m v>iations1 9 lat4 #gj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/ ,,zone ,,( ,,! ,,nor?4 ,! result to :i* ?is rapid survey br+s u is1 t ! 8tundras0 or 8b>r5s0 ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica occupy an area l>g] ?an ! :ole ( ,europe4 ,! ,sib]ian wild]ness is m ext5sive ?an ! ,african ,sah>a or ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,pampas4 ,b ( /ill va/] area are ! ,arctic =e/ regions1 :i* /ret* 9 an 8almo/ cont9u\s belt0 ?r\gh ?ree qu>t]s ( ! _w1 ) a bread? ( f #ae to #bj--t is1 ( #ajjj to #adjj miles4 ,& x is a peculi>ity ( ^! ,circumpol> woods1 t !y are almo/ :olly compos$ ( conif]s1 & t frequ5tly a wide space ( gr\nd is cov]$ = leagues ^u leagues ) a s+le k9d ( fir or p9e4 8,?is is ! =e/ primeval4 ,! murmur+ p9es & ! hemlocks1 ,bl5d$ ) moss1 & 9 g>m5ts gre51 indi/9ct 9 ! twilight1 ,/& l ,druids ( eld1 ) voices sad & prophetic1 ,/& l h>p]s ho>1 ) be>ds t re/ on _! bosoms40 ,! ,am]ican species1 h[ev]1 diff] f ! ,asiatic or ,european4 ,:ile 9 ! ,hudson ,bay t]ritories gr[ ! :ite & black spruce1#b ! ,canadian l>*1#c & ! gray p9e#d2 9 ,sc&9avia & ,sib]ia1 ! ,sib]ian fir & l>*1#e ! ,picea olovata1 & ! ,p9us umbra fl\ri%4 ,b bo? 9 ! ,old ,_w & ! ,new ! bir* advances beyond ! fir & p9e1 & on ! banks ( ! riv]s & ! %ores ( ! lakes dw>f will[s =m imm5se & almo/ imp5etrable ?ickets4 ,! ,arctic =e/s also include v>i\s k9ds ( a%1 eld]1 & ! s]vice tree2 & ?\gh or*>d trees are :olly want+1 bo? man & bea/ f9d a great boon 9 ! bilb]ries1 cranb]ries1 bog-b]ries1 & ! l1 :i* gr[ pl5tifully 9 _m localities4 ,! area ( ! ,arctic flora comprises ,gre5l&1 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e1 & ext5ds consid]ably to ! s\? ( ! ,arctic ,circle1 especially on ! coa/s1 :]e x rea*es ! p>allel ( #fj ,n4 lat41 & ev5 ov]passes x4 ,9 ,gre5l& ! vegetation is m truly ( an ,arctic "* ?an ev5 9 ,icel&4 ,! valleys are cov]$ ) m>%-plants & d+y mosses2 ! gloomy rocks are encru/$ ) li*5s2 :ile ! grasses on ! mead[-l&s t bord] ! fiords & inlets are ne>ly f\r times less v>i$ ?an ^? ( ,icel&4 ,! flora ( ,icel& is approximative to t ( ,great ,brita92 yet only "o 9 e f\r ( ,briti% plants is includ$ 9 x4 ,! total numb] ( species may be comput$ at eight hundr$ & sev5ty1 ( :i* m ?an half blossom2 ?is proportion is great] ?an prevails 9 ,scotl&1 b !n only ?irty-two are ( woody texture4 ,!y are scatt]$ ab\t 9 gr\ps accord+ z !y pref] a m>%y1 volcanic1 dry1 or m>9e soil4 ,_m bloom 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! hot spr+s2 "s n f> f ! br9k ( ! bas9 ( ! ,great ,geys]1 :]e e o!r plant is petrifi$2 & sev]al species ( conf]v fl\ri% 9 a spr+ ! wat]s ( :i* are hot en\gh1 x is said1 to boil an egg4 ,f ! nature ( ! ,arctic =e/s1 ! read] w be prep>$ to le>n t !y are n inhabit$1 l ^? ( ! ,tropics1 by sw>ms ( animals2 or made musical by ! songs ( birds1 l our ,european woods4 ,ev5 ! e*oes are sil5t1 except :5 ! ho>se w9d be>s to !m ! peculi> cry ( ! re9de]1 ! h[l ( ! wolf1 or ! %>p scream ( "s bird ( prey4 ,insect life1 h[ev]1 is active & abundant2 & our ,arctic travell]s h suff]$ greatly f ! legions ( gnats :i* haunt _! swampy recesses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pass+ f ! =e/ region into ! treeless wa/es1 we may glance once aga9 at _! /rik+ly impressive features4 ,nor? ( ! #fbnd p>allel no corn c rip51 on acc\nt ( ! fatal p[] ( ! w9ds :i* p\r d[n f ! ,arctic ,ocean4 ,z we advance to ! nor?w>d1 a wide-spread area ( desolation /ret*es be=e u3 salt /eppes1 /ony pla9s1 b\ndless swamps1 & lakes ( salt & fre% wat]4 ,s t]rible is ! cold t ! spongy soil is p]petually froz5 to ! dep? ( "s hundr$ feet bel[ ! surface2 & ! surface itself1 ?\gh n ?aw$ until ! end ( ,june1 is aga9 ice-b\nd by ! middle ( ,septemb]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ graphic sket*es ) :i* we are acqua9t$ ( ! extreme ,sib]ian des]t is furni%$ by ,admiral von ,wrangel1 :o travell$ dur+ ! w9t] f ! m\? ( ! ,kolyma to ,behr+ ,/rait4 ,"h1 he says1 endless sn[s & ice-cru/$ rocks b\nd ! horizon2 ,nature lies %r\d$ 9 all b p]petual w9t]2 life is a con/ant conflict ) privation & ) ! t]rors ( cold & hung]2 ! grave ( ,nature1 conta9+ only ! bones ( ano!r _w4 ,! p1 & ev5 ! sn[1 ?r[ (f a cont9ual vap\r2 & ?is evaporation is in/antly *ang$ into millions ( ne$les ( ice1 :i* make a noise 9 ! air l ! s\nd ( torn sat9 or ! ru/le ( ?ick silk4 ,! re9de] take to ! =e/1 or cr[d toge!r = heat2 & ! rav5 alone1 ! d>k bird ( w9t]1 /ill smites ! fro/y air ) heavy labori\s w+1 leav+ beh9d him a long trail ( ?9 vap\r to m>k ! c\rse ( 8 solit>y flight4 ,! trunks ( ! ?icke/ trees are r5t ) a l\d clang1 masses ( rock are torn f _! sites1 ! gr\nd 9 ! valleys is split into a myriad fissures1 f :i* ! wat]s t are und]nea? bubble up1 ?r[+ (f a cl\d ( smoke1 & imm$iately congeal+ into ice4 ,! atmosph]e gr[s d5se2 ! gli/5+ />s are dimm$4 ,! dogs outside ! huts ( ! ,sib]ians burr[ 9 ! sn[1 & _! h[l+1 at int]vals ( six or eight h\rs1 int]rupts ! g5]al sil5ce ( w9t]4 ,! abundance ( fur-be>+ animals 9 ! less rigor\s p>ts ( ! tundras has induc$ ! h>dy ,russians to colonize & build t[ns on ^! conf9es ( ! ,froz5 ,_w4 ,yakutsk1 on ! riv] ,l5a1 9 #fb #a #cj ,n41 may be reg>d$1 p]haps1 z ! colde/ t[n on ! ,e>?4 ,! gr\nd is p]petually froz5 to ! dep? ( m ?an #djj feet1 ( :i* ?ree feet only are ?aw$ 9 summ]1 :5 ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] frequ5tly m>ks #gg 9 ! %ade4 ,yet 9 w9t] ! rig\r ( ! climate is s extreme t m]cury is con/antly froz5 = two & occasionally ev5 = ?ree mon?s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! data set =? 9 ! prec$+ pages1 ! read] w conclude t1 z inde$ results f physical laws1 ! l9e ( p]petual sn[ w be f\nd to desc5d l[] & l[] on advanc+ to ! ,pole4 ,by ! l9e ( p]petual sn[ we mean1 ( c\rse1 ! limit above :i* a cont9ual fro/ endures4 ,n[1 ?is limit v>ies accord+ to climate4 ,! l[] ! temp]ature1 ! l[] ! sn[-l9e2 ! high] ! temp]ature1 ! high] ! sn[-l9e4 ,9 ! ,tropics x does n s9k bel[ ! summits ( ! l(tie/ m\nta9s4 ,?us1 at #a f ! ,equator1 :]e ! mean temp]ature at ! sea-level is #hd4b1 ! sn[-l9e mu/ be s\ght at ! elevation ( #ae1bjc feet2 9 #ea #cj' lat41 ! latitude ( ,london1 x is usually f\nd at ab\t #eijj feet2 9 lat4 #hj1 :]e ! mean temp]ature is #cc4f1 x s9ks to #deg feet4 ,^! figures1 h[ev]1 repres5t its normal elevations2 b temp]ature1 z we all "k1 is greatly affect$ by local circum/ances1 & !re=e ! p]petual sn[-l9e v>ies greatly 9 height4 ,ow+ to causes already expla9$1 ! sn[-l9e 9 ! ,circumpol> ,regions s9ks to a v l[ level2 &1 !re=e1 _m m\nta9\s regions or elevat$ table-l&s1 su* z ,spitzb]g51 ,gre5l&1 & ,novaia ,zemlaia1 :i*1 9 a m temp]ate climate1 w\ld bloom ) em]ald slopes & wav+ woods1 are cov]$ ) huge glaci]s & fields ( ice1 ) app>5tly int]m9able rea*es ( untrodd5 sn[4 ,x %\ld be not$1 h[ev]1 t n[h]e does ! p]petual sn[-l9e desc5d to ! wat]'s edge2 n[h]e has ! spell ( w9t] absolutely cru%$ ! life out ( all vegetation4 ,li*5s & grasses1 on :i* ! re9de] ga9s its h>dy subsi/5ce1 are f\nd ne> lat4 #hj2 ev5 on ! awful pla9s ( ,melville ,isl& ! sn[ melts at midsumm]2 & ! des]ts ( ,new ,sib]ia af=d food = consid]able numb]s ( lemm+s4 ,z f> z man has rea*$ to ! nor?1 says a popul> & accurate writ]1 vegetation1 :5 fo/]$ by a %elt]$ situation & ! refraction ( sol> heat f ! rocks1 has ev]y:]e be5 f\nd to rise to a consid]able altitude above ! level ( ! sea2 & %\ld !re be l& at ! ,nor? ,pole1 we may reasonably suppose t x is de/itute nei!r ( animal nor vegetable life4 ,x w\ld be q wrong to conclude t ! cold ( w9t] inv>iably increases z we approa* ! ,pole1 ! temp]ature ( a l& be+ controll$ by _m o!r causes besides its latitude4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ nor!rn regions visit$ by man1 ! influ5ce ( ! sea1 p>ticul>ly :]e fav\r$ by w>m curr5ts1 consid]ably mitigates ! sev]ity ( ! w9t]1 :ile at ! same "t x dim9i%es ! heat ( summ]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! l>ge cont95tal tracts ( ,asia or ,am]ica t slope t[>ds ! ,pole1 possess a m rigor\s w9t] & a fi]c] summ] ?an _m coa/ l&s or isl&s situat$ f> ne>] to ! ,pole4 ,= example3 ! we/]n %ores ( ,novaia ,zemlaia1 front+ a wide expanse ( sea1 h an av]age w9t] temp]ature ( only -#d1 & a mean summ] temp]ature :i* rises v little above ! freez+-po9t ( wat] 7 #cf #cj'72 :ile ,yakutsk1 situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ,sib]ia1 & #bj ne>] to ! ,equator1 has a w9t] temp]ature ( -#cf #f'1 & a summ] ( #ff #f'4 ,b ?\gh su* are ! physical conditions ( ! ,pol> ,regions1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t ,nature we>s only a sev]e & repell5t aspect4 ,!re is some?+ beautiful 9 ! va/ expanse ( sn[y pla9 :5 se5 by ! light ( a cl\dless moon2 some?+ maje/ic 9 ! colossal glaci]s :i* fill up ! remote ,arctic valleys2 some?+ picturesque 9 ! num]\s iceb]gs :i* gr&ly sail d[n ! d>k ,pol> wat]s2 some?+ my/]i\s & wond]ful 9 ! coruscations ( ! ,aurora1 :i* illum9ates ! d>kness ( ! w9t] nights ) ! glory ( ! cele/ial fires4 ,! law ( comp5sation prevails 9 ! f> ,nor?1 z 9 ! gl[+ & exub]ant regions ( ! ,tropics4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,arctic ,,heav5s3 ,,atmosph]ic ,,& ,,meteoric ,,ph5om5a4 ,let ! read] fancy himself--%\ld he be read+ ^! pages on a w>m summ]'s day1 ! fancy w n be unpleasant6--let ! read] fancy himself on bo>d a well-f\nd1 /\tly-built :al+-vessel1 & rapidly approa*+ ! coa/ ( ,gre5l&4 ,b ! heavy mi/ hangs ov] ! leg5d-haunt$ %ores1 & we c b cat* ! s\nd ( ! clang+ surf z x rolls ^u !m4 ,all ar\nd u spreads ! mi/1--d5se1 imp5etrable4 ,:at is t be=e u8 ,! dead :ite mass ( an iceb]g1 sl[ly drift+ ) ! curr5t1 & almo/ ^u u be=e ! look-out man discov]$ x4 ,b ! helm has be5 %>ply h&l$2 our good %ip has put ab\t2 & we sail cle> ( ! mighty pyramid4 ,fully "o hundr$ & fifty feet high1 we c assure y1 & twice z broad at its base4 ,a sudd5 break 9 ! mi/ reveals its radiant spire1 ) :ite cl\d-wrea?s circl+ & danc+ r\nd x 9 ! sunlight4 ,& n[1 z we /eadily move =w>d1 ! fog is lift$ up l a curta91 & be=e u1 l a sc5e 9 a panorama1 looms ! ,gre5l& coa/ 9 all its au/]e magnific5ce3 yond] are its broad ice-fill$ valleys1 its sn[-clad rav9es1 its noble m\nta9s1 its iron-b\nd range ( cliffs1 its g5]al aspect ( solemn desolation4 ,away ov] ! we/w>d sea fly ! scatt]$ vap\rs1 disclos+ iceb]g aft] iceb]g1 l ! magical t[]s 9 "s ( ,turn]'s pictures4 ,we seem to h be5 drawn by "s irresi/ible spell into a _w ( en*antm5t1 & all ! old ,norse romance comes back ^u ! memory1 ) its picturesque associations4 ,yond] lies ! ,valhalla ( ! anci5t ocean-rov]s2 yond] ! dazzl+ city ( ! sun-god ,freya1 "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ! ,sc&9avian div9ities1 z well he might be2 yond] ! elf9 caves ( ,alfheim2 & ,glitn]1 ) its walls ( gold & ro(s ( silv]2 & ! radiant ,gimele1 ! home ( ! bless$2 & !re1 too1 t[]+ above ! cl\ds1 ! bridge ,bifro/1 by :i* ! h]oes asc5d$ f e>? to heav54 ,heimdall1 :o c see = fully a hundr$ leagues1 z well by night z by day1 /&s s5t9el ^u x1 prep>$ to s\nd 8 horn ,gjall>1 if intrud]s %\ld attempt to cross x6 ,! sea is smoo? z glass2 n a ripple breaks ! wond]ful calmness ( its surface4 ,x is midnight1 b 9 ?is /range ,arctic _w ! sun /ill hangs close ^u ! nor!rn horizon2 ! iceb]gs re> _! dazzl+ cre/s ar\nd1 l float+ spires1 & turrets1 & _m-t[]$ m9/]s2 ! d>k headl&s are boldly outl9$ aga9/ ! sky2 & sea1 & sky1 & m\nta9s1 & iceb]gs are suffus$ 9 a wildly beautiful atmosph]e ( crimson1 gold1 & purple4 ,! picture is l a poet's vision2 & s />tl+ly unreal1 t x is difficult = ! unaccu/om$ spectator to believe x o!r ?an an illusion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,midnight ,,sun4 ,we adopt ! foll[+ description f ! vivid language ( ,dr4 ,hayes1 :o displays a ke5 feel+ = ! beauties ( ! ,pol> _w4 ,! air 0 w>m1 he says1 almo/ z a summ]'s night at home1 & yet !re 7 ! iceb]gs & ! bleak m\nta9s1 ) :i* ! fancy1 9 our own l& ( gre5 hills & wav+ woods1 c associate no?+ b :at is cold & repell5t4 ,bright 0 ! sky1 & s(t & /rangely inspir+ z ! skies ( ,italy4 ,! b]gs _h :olly lo/ _! *illy aspect1 &1 glitt]+ 9 ! blaze ( ! brilliant heav5s1 seem$1 9 ! di/ance1 l masses ( burni%$ metal or solid flame4 ,ne>] at h& !y 7 huge blocks ( ,p>ian m>ble1 encru/$ ) colossal gems ( pe>l & opal4 ,"o 9 p>ticul> exhibit$ ! p]fection ( gr&eur4 ,its =m 0 n unlike t ( ! ,coliseum1 & x lay s f> away t half its height 0 buri$ b5ea? ! l9e ( blood-r$ wat]s4 ,! sun1 sl[ mov+ along its pa? ( glory1 pass$ beh9d x1 & ! old ,roman ru9 seem$ sudd5ly to break into flame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,(f ,,! ,,coa/ ,,( ,,gre5l&4 ,no?+1 inde$1 b ! p5cil ( ! arti/ c\ld depict ! wond]ful ri*ness ( ?is comb9$ l&scape & seascape4 ,*ur*1 9 8 great picture ( 8,! ,iceb]gs10 has gr&ly exhibit$ a sc5e n unlike t we h attempt$ to describe4 ,9 ! %ad[s ( ! b]gs ! wat] 0 a ri* gre51 & no?+ c\ld be m s(t & t5d] ?an ! gradations ( col\r made by ! sea %oal+ on ! slop+ tongues ( "s ( ^! float+ masses4 ,! t9t increas$ 9 int5sity :]e ! ice ov]hung ! wat]s1 & a deep cav]n 9 "o ( !m exhibit$ ! solid col\r ( ! mala*ite m+l$ ) ! transp>5cy ( ! em]ald1 :ile1 9 /range contra/1 a broad belt ( cobalt blue %ot diagonally ?r\gh its body4 ,! en*antm5t ( ! sc5e 0 height5$ by a ?\s& little cascades :i* fla%$ into ! sea f ! iceb]gs1 ! wat] be+ dis*>g$ f bas9s ( melt$ sn[ & ice :i* tranquilly repos$ f> up 9 ! holl[s ( _! topmo/ surface4 ,f o!r b]gs l>ge b\ld]s 7 occasionally deta*$1 & ^! plung$ into ! wat] ) a deaf5+ d91 :ile ! roll & ru% ( ! ocean res\nd$ l ! music ( a solemn dirge ?r\gh _! brok5 ar*ways4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! contra/s & comb9ations ( col\r 9 ! ,pol> _w are1 inde$1 among its p>ticul> attractions1 & ( _! k9d !y _c be surpass$ or imitat$ ev5 9 ! gorge\s realms ( ! ,tropics4 ,! pale azure gleam ( ! ice1 ! dazzl+ :it5ess ( ! sn[1 ! vivid v]dure ( ! sunlit pla9s1 ! deep em]ald t9ts1 cross$ ) sapphire & ultram>9e1 ( ! wat]s1 w\ld 9 !mselves af=d a multiplicity ( ri* & beautiful effects2 b to ^! we mu/ add ! magical influ5ces ( ! coruscations ( ! ,arctic heav5s1 ) ! glories ( ! midnight sun & ! wond]s ( ! ,aurora4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moonlight ,,9 ,,! ,,pol> ,,_w4 ,ev5 moonlight 9 ! ,pol> _w is unlike moonlight any:]e else2 x has a "* all its own1--/range1 weird1 sup]natural4 ,night aft] night ! sky w be free f cl\d or %ad[1 & ! radiant />s %9e out ) a s+ul> int5sity1 seem+ to cut ! air l ke5 swords4 ,! moonbeams are ?r[n back ) a pale lu/re by ice-floe & glaci] & sn[-drift1 & ! only relief to ! brightness is :]e ! d>k cliffs ?r[ a %ad[ ov] ! l&scape4 ,glori\sly beautiful look ! sn[-clad m\nta9s1 z ! moonlight p\rs ^u !m its s]5e spl5d\r1 int]rupt$ only by ! occasional passage ( a wrea? ( mi/1 :i* is soon trans=m$ into sp>kl+ silv]4 ,! :ole sc5e produces an impression ( awe on ! m9d ( ! ?\ghtful spectator1 & he feels z if br\ght face to face ) ! visible pres5ce ( ano!r _w4 ,! prolong$ w9t] night is 9 itself well calculat$ to affect ! imag9ation ( ! ,european4 ,he reads ( x 9 travels & books ( a/ronomy2 b to "k :at x is1 & :at x means1 he mu/ submit himself to its influ5ce1--he mu/ 8w9t]0 9 ! ,pol> ,regions4 ,n to see sunrise & sunset1 & ! *anges !y br+ ) !m1 day aft] day1 enliv5+1 inspirit+1 /r5g!n+1 is felt at fir/ z an intol]able burd54 ,! />s %9+ at all h\rs ) equal brilliancy1 & ! la/+ d>kness :i* reigns = tw5ty days ( ea* w9t] mon? :5 ! moon is bel[ ! horizon1 become a we>9ess & a discom=t4 ,! travell] longs = ! reappe>ance ( ! moon2 & yet be=e %e has run h] t5 days' c\rse1 he feels fatigu$ by ! uni=m illum9ation4 ,b sometimes a relief is suppli$ by ! ph5om5on ( ! ,aurora ,borealis4 ,we inhabitants ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom "k some?+ ( ! r>e beauty ( ! 8nor!rn lights10 :5 ! heav5s k9dle ) a my/]i\s play ( col\rs :i* rem9ds u ( ! /range weird radiance t occasionally k9dles 9 our dreams2 yet ^! are poor & trivial :5 comp>$ ) ! auroral display4 ,let u endeav\r to realize x f ! gl[+ description pa9t$ by "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t & obs]vant ( ,arctic explor]s4 ,he 0 grop+ 8 way among ! ice-hummocks1 9 ! deep obscurity ( ! mid-w9t]1 :5 sudd5ly a bright ray d>t$ up f beh9d ! black cl\d :i* lay l[ d[n on ! horizon be=e him4 ,x la/$ b an in/ant1 &1 hav+ fill$ ! air ) a /range illum9ation1 x di$ away1 leav+ ! d>kness ev5 great] d>kness ?an be=e4 ,pres5tly an arc ( col\r$ light sprang across ! sky1 & ! aurora became gradually m fix$4 ,! space enclos$ by ! arc 0 v d>k1 & 0 fill$ ) ! cl\d4 ,! play ( ! rays :i* rose f its gradually bright5+ bord] 0 = "s "t v caprici\s1 modify+ ! bur/ ( flame f :at seem$ a conflagration ( ! heav5s to ! s(t gl[ ( e>ly morn4 ,gradually ! light grew m & m int5se1 & f irregul> bur/s x settl$ into an almo/ /eady %eet ( spl5d\r4 ,?is %eet1 h[ev]1 0 f> f uni=m1 & may be/ be describ$ z 8a flood ( m+l+ & v>i\sly-t9t$ /reaks40 ,! exhibition1 at fir/ tame & quiet1 develop$ by degrees into />tl+ brilliancy4 ,! broad dome ( night seem$ all ablaze4 ,lurid fires1 fi]c] ?an ^? :i* r$d5$ ! heav5s f burn+ ,troy1 fla%$ angrily across ! z5i?4 ,! />s wan$ be=e ! m>vell\s outbur/1 & seem$ to rec$e fur!r & fur!r f ! ,e>?2 8z :5 ! *>iot ( ! sun1 driv5 by ,phaeton1 & c>ri$ f its beat5 track by ! ungov]nable /e$s1 ru%$ madly ?r\gh ! skies1 p>*+ ! _w & )]+ ! con/ellations4 ,! g5tle ,&rom$a flies trembl+ f ! flame2 ,p]seus1 ) 8 fla%+ sword & ,gorgon %ield1 retreats 9 fe>2 ! ,pole-,/> is *as$ f ! night2 & ! ,great ,be>1 fai?ful s5t9el ( ! ,nor?1 quits 8 gu>dian wat*1 foll[+ ! feeble trail40 ,! col\r ( ! light 0 *iefly r$1 b ?is 0 n p]man5t1 & e hue m+l$ 9 ! wond]ful display4 ,blue & yell[ /ream]s %ot a?w>t ! lurid fire2 &1 sometimes />t+ side by side f ! wide expanse ( ! illum9$ arc1 !y melt$ into ea* o!r1 & flung a weird gl>e ( gre5 ov] ! l&scape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,aurora ,,borealis4 ,aga9 ?is gre5 ov]came ! r$2 blue & yell[ bl5d$ ) ea* o!r 9 _! swift flight2 violet-t9t$ arr[s fla%$ ?r\gh a broad gl[ ( orange1 & c\ntless tongues ( :ite flame1 =m$ ( ^! unit+ /reams1 ru%$ al(t & clasp$ ! skies4 ,! effect ( ! _m-col\r$ lu/re ^u ! surr\nd+ objects 0 s+ul>ly wond]ful4 ,! weird =ms ( innum]able iceb]gs1 s+ly & 9 clu/]s1 loom$ above ! sea1 & ar\nd _! summits hov]$ ! /range gleam1 l ! fires ( ,vesuvius ov] ! villas & temples ( ,pompeii4 ,all along ! :ite surface ( ! froz5 sea1 ^u ! m\nta9-peaks & ! l(ty cliffs1 ! light gl[$ & dimm$ & gl[$ aga91 z if ! air 7 fill$ ) gravey>d meteors1 flitt+ wildly above "s va/ illimitable city ( ! dead4 ,! sc5e 0 noiseless1 yet ! s5ses 7 deceiv$1 = s\nds n ( e>? or sea seem$ to foll[ ! swift coruscations1 & to fall ^u ! e> l 8,! tread ,( phantoms dread1 ,) bann]1 & spe>1 & flame40 ,?\gh ! details1 s to speak1 are n always ! same1 ! g5]al "* ( ! aurora *anges v slightly1 &1 f a comp>ison ( num]\s acc\nts1 ! gradation ( ! ph5om5on w\ld seem to be z foll[s3-- ,! sky sl[ly assumes a t9t ( br[n1 on :i*1 z on a backgr\nd1 is soon develop$ a nebul\s segm5t1 bord]$ by a spaci\s arc ( dazzl+ :it5ess1 :i* seems incessantly agitat$ by a tremul\s motion4 ,f ?is arc an incr$ible numb] ( %afts & rays ( light leap upw>ds to ! z5i?4 ,^! lum9\s columns pass ?r\gh all ! hues ( ! ra9b[1--f s(te/ violet & int5se/ sapphire to gre5 & purple-r$4 ,sometimes ! rays issue f ! respl5d5t arc m+l$ ) d>k] fla%es2 sometimes !y rise simultane\sly at diff]5t po9ts ( ! horizon1 & unite 9 "o broad sea ( flame p]vad$ by rapid undulations4 ,on o!r occasions x w\ld seem z if invisible h&s 7 unfurl+ fi]y dazzl+ bann]s1 to /ream1 l meteors1 9 ! tr\bl$ air4 ,a k9d ( canopy1 ( s(t & tranquil light1 :i* is kn[n z ! corona1 indicates ! close ( ! m>vell\s exhibition2 & %ortly aft] its appe>ance ! lum9\s rays beg9 to decrease 9 spl5d\r1 ! ri*ly-col\r$ arcs dissolve & die out1 & soon ( all ! gorge\s spectacle no?+ rema9s b a :iti% cl\dy haze 9 ^? p>ts ( ! firmam5t :i*1 b a few m9utes be=e1 blaz$ ) ! my/]i\s fires ( ! aurora borealis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,aurora ,,borealis--,,! ,,corona4 ,! arc ( ! aurora is only "p ( a broad circle ( light1 :i* is elevat$ consid]ably above ! surface ( our globe1 & ! c5tre ( :i* is situat$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,pole4 ,x is n difficult1 !re=e1 to acc\nt = ! diff]5t aspects "u :i* x is pres5t$ to obs]v]s plac$ at diff]5t angles to ! focus ( ! display4 ,a p]son "s degrees s\? ( ! r+ necess>ily sees b a v small arc ( x t[>ds ! nor?1 ow+ to ! int]position ( ! e>? betwe5 him & x2 if he /ood ne>] ! nor?1 ! arc w\ld appe> l>g] & high]2 if imm$iately bel[ x1 he w\ld see x app>5tly trav]s+ ! z5i?2 or if )9 ! r+1 & /ill fur!r nor?1 he w\ld see x culm9at+ 9 ! s\?4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t ! c5tre ( ! r+ corresponds ) ! magnetic nor? pole 9 ! isl& ( ,boo?ia ,felix4 ,g5]ally ! ph5om5on la/s = sev]al h\rs1 & at times x w be v>i$ by peculi> features4 ,n[ x w seem to pres5t ! hemisph]ical segm5t ( a colossal :eel2 n[ x w wave & droop l a ri* tape/ry ( _m-col\r$ light1 9 a ?\s& prismatic folds2 & n[ x exhibits ! array ( innum]able dazzl+ /ream]s1 wav+ 9 ! d>k & int5se sky4 ,! arc v>ies 9 elevation1 b is seldom m ?an n9ety miles above ! t]re/rial surface4 ,its diamet]1 h[ev]1 mu/ be enorm\s1 = x has be5 kn[n to ext5d s\?w>d to ,italy1 & has be5 simultane\sly visible 9 ,s>d9ia1 ,connecticut1 & at ,new ,orleans4 ,accord+ to "s au?orities1 ! ph5om5on is accompani$ by noises resembl+ ! dis*>ge ( fireworks1 or ! crackl+ ( silk :5 "o piece is fold$ ov] ano!r2 b ?is /atem5t is discr$it$ by ! mo/ tru/wor?y obs]v]s4 ,mrs4 ,som]ville's description is wor? quot+1 z tak+ up m emphatically "s po9ts to :i* we h already allud$3-- ,! aurora1 %e says1 is decid$ly an electrical 7or1 m /rictly speak+1 a magneto-electrical7 ph5om5on4 ,x g5]ally appe>s soon aft] sunset 9 ! =m ( a lum9\s arc /ret*+ m or less f ea/ to we/1 ! mo/ elevat$ po9t be+ always 9 ! magnetic m]idian ( ! place ( ! obs]v]2 across ! arc ! coruscations are rapid1 vivid1 & ( v>i\s col\rs1 d>t+ l lightn+ to ! z5i?1 & at ! same "t flitt+ lat]ally ) incessant velocity4 ,! brightness ( ! rays v>ies 9 an in/ant2 !y sometimes surpass ! spl5d\r ( />s ( ! fir/ magnitude1 & (t5 exhibit col\rs ( admirable transp>5cy1--blood-r$ at ! base1 em]ald-gre5 9 ! middle1 & cle> yell[ t[>ds _! extremity4 ,sometimes "o1 & sometimes a quick succession ( lum9\s curr5ts run f "o end ( ! arc or b[ to ! o!r1 s t ! rays rapidly increase 9 brightness2 b x is impossible to say :e!r ! coruscations !mselves are actually affect$ by a horizontal motion ( translation1 or :e!r ! m vivid light is convey$ f ray to ray4 ,! rays occasionally d>t f> pa/ ! z5i?1 vani%1 sudd5ly reappe>1 &1 be+ jo9$ by o!rs f ! arc1 =m a magnific5t corona or imm5se dome ( light4 ,! segm5t ( ! sky bel[ ! arc is q black1 z if =m$ by d5se cl\ds2 yet ,m4 ,/ruve is said to h se5 />s 9 x1 & s x w\ld appe> t ! blackness ( :i* sev]al obs]v]s speak mu/ be ! effect ( contra/4 ,! l[] edge ( ! arc is ev5ly def9$2 its upp] m>g9 is fr+$ by ! coruscations1 _! conv]g5ce t[>ds ! nor?1 & t ( ! arc itself1 be+ probably an effect ( p]spective4 ,! aurora ex]cises a rem>kable influ5ce on ! magnetic ne$le1 ev5 9 places :]e ! display is n visible4 ,its vibrations seem to be sl[] or quick] accord+ z ! auroral light is quiesc5t or 9 motion1 & ! v>iations ( ! compass dur+ ! day %[ t ! aurora is n peculi> to night4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$ by c>eful obs]vations t ! di/urbances ( ! magnetic ne$le & ! auroral displays 7 simultane\s at ,toronto1 9 ,canada1 on ?irte5 days out ( tw5ty-f\r1 ! rema9+ days hav+ be5 cl\d$2 & contemporane\s obs]vations %[ t 9 ^! ?irte5 days !re 7 also magnetic di/urbances at ,prague & ,tasmania2 s t ! occurr5ce ( auroral ph5om5a at ,toronto on ^! occasions may be view$ z a local manife/ation connect$ ) magnetic effects1 :i*1 :atev] may h be5 _! orig91 probably prevail$ on ! same day ov] ! :ole surface ( ! globe4 ,among ! atmosph]ic ph5om5a ( ! out] _w we are ju/ifi$ 9 reckon+ ! ,w9ds1 :i* are rem>kable = _! v>iability4 ,_! =ce is consid]ably dim9i%$ :5 !y pass ov] a wide surface ( ice2 sometimes ! ice seems ev5 to beat back ! breeze1 & turn x 9 a contr>y direction4 ,! w>m airs f ! s\? gr[ cool z !y sweep across ! froz5 expanse1 & give up _! moi/ure 9 ! =m ( sn[4 ,9 a region s bleak & *ill x is n (t5 t cl\ds are creat$1 ! atmosph]ic vap\rs be+ cond5s$ into sn[ or hail )\t pass+ ?r\gh any int]m$iate condition4 ,:irlw9ds ( froz5 sn[ are =midable enemies to ! seaman =c$ to trav]se ! ice on foot1 or 9 a sl$ge drawn by ,eskimo dogs4 ,d5se %[]s la% & /+ ! un=tunate travell]'s face1 p5etrate 8 m\? & no/rils1 freeze toge!r 8 v eyelids1 & almo/ bl9d him4 ,8 sk9 assumes a blui% t9t1 & burns z if sc>r$ by ! ke5 ?ongs ( a kn\t4 ,an optical illusion ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! ,pol> ,regions makes objects appe> ( dim5sions mu* l>g] ?an !y really possess4 ,a fox assumes ! proportions ( a be>2 l[ banks ( ice are elevat$ into l(ty m\nta9s4 ,! eye is fatigu$ by dwell+ ^u ! horizon ( l&s :i* are nev] approa*$4 ,j z 9 ! s&y des]ts ( ! ,sah>a ! di/ances ( real objects are app>5tly dim9i%$1 s ! ,arctic explor]1 misl$ by ! arial illusion1 advances t[>ds a goal :i* seems always ne> at h&1 b is nev] atta9$4 ,ano!r s\rce ( error1 common bo? to ! ,arctic & ! ,tropical des]ts1 is ! mirage1 a ph5om5on ( refraction1 :i* repres5ts z susp5d$ 9 air ! images ( remote objects1 & ?us gives rise to ! mo/ curi\s illusions & fanta/ic sc5es4 ,dr4 ,scoresby "o day p]ceiv$ 9 ! air ! rev]s$ repres5tation ( a %ip :i* he recogniz$ z ! ,fame1 comm&$ by 8 fa!r4 ,he aft]w>ds discov]$ t x _h be5 ly+ moor$ 9 a creek ab\t t5 leagues f ! po9t :]e ! mirage _h play$ ) 8 imag9ation4 ,aga91 9 approa*+ a field ( ice or sn[1 ! travell] inv>iably descries a belt ( respl5d5t :ite imm$iately above ! horizon4 ,?is is kn[n z ! 8ice-bl9k10 & x reveals to ! ,arctic navigator be=eh& ! "* ( ! ice he is approa*+4 ,at times1 too1 a range ( iceb]gs1 or ( brok5 masses ( ice1 w be reflect$ 9 colossal %ad[s on ! sky1 ) a /range & ev5 weird effect4 ,b1 aft] all1 ! special di/9ction betwe5 ! ,arctic l&s & ! o!r regions ( ! globe is _! long day & long] night4 ,describ+ an imm5se spiral curve ^u ! horizon1 ! sun gradually m\nts to #cj1 ! highe/ po9t ( its c\rse2 !n1 9 ! same mann]1 x returns t[>ds ! horizon1 & bids f>ewell to ! wild]nesses ( ! ,nor?1 sl[ly pass+ away beh9d ! veil ( a gloomy & gha/ly twilight4 ,:5 ! navigator1 says ,capta9 ,p>ry1 f9ds himself = ! fir/ "t buri$ 9 ! sil5t %ad[s ( ! ,arctic night1 he _c conqu] an involunt>y emotion ( dread2 he feels transport$ out ( ! sph]e ( ord9>y1 commonplace exi/5ce4 ,! deadly & sombre des]ts ( ! ,pole seem l ^? uncreat$ voids :i* ,milton has plac$ betwe5 ! realms ( life & dea?4 ,! v animals are affect$ by ! pr(\nd melan*oly :i* sadd5s ! face ( ,nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,atmosph]ic ,,ph5om5on ,,9 ,,! ,,arctic ,,regions3--,,reflection ,,( ,,iceb]gs4 ,:o c read )\t emotion ! foll[+ passages f ,dr4 ,kane's ,j\rnal8-- 8,octob] #bh1 ,friday4--,! moon has rea*$ h] greate/ nor!rn decl9ation ( ab\t #be #ce'4 ,%e is a glori\s object2 sweep+ ar\nd ! heav5s1 at ! l[e/ "p ( h] curve %e is /ill #ad above ! horizon4 ,= eight days %e has be5 mak+ h] circuit ) ne>ly unv>y+ brightness4 ,x is "o ( ^? sp>kl+ nights t br+ back ! memory ( sleigh-bells & songs & glad commun+s ( he>ts 9 l&s t are f> away4 8,! wea!r outside is at #be bel[ z]o40 ,a few days lat]1 & ! h]oic explor] writes3-- 8,novemb] #g1 ,monday4--,! d>kness is com+ on ) insidi\s /ead9ess1 & its advances c be p]ceiv$ only by comp>+ "o day ) its fell[ ( "s "t back4 ,we /ill read ! !rmomet] at noonday )\t a light1 & ! black masses ( ! hills are pla9 = ab\t five h\rs ) _! gl>+ pat*es ( sn[2 b all ! re/ is d>kness4 ,lant]ns are always on ! sp>-deck1 & ! l>d-lamps nev] ext+ui%$ bel[4 ,! />s ( ! six? magnitude %9e out at noonday4 8,our d>kness has n9ety days to run be=e we %all get back aga9 ev5 to ! conte/$ twilight ( to-day4 ,altoge!r1 our w9t] w h be5 sunless = "o hundr$ & =ty days40 ,"h is ano!r significant passage2 yet all its significance c sc>cely be appreciat$ by ! dwell]s 9 temp]ate climes3-- 8,novemb] #bg1 ,sunday4--,! !rmomet] 0 9 ! neighb\rhood ( #dj bel[ z]o1 & ! day 0 too d>k to read at noon40 8,decemb] #ae1 ,?ursday4--,we h lo/ ! la/ ve/ige ( our mid-day twilight4 ,we _c see pr9t1 & h>dly pap]3 ! f+]s _c be c\nt$ a foot f ! eyes4 ,noonday & midnight are alike2 &1 except a vague glimm] on ! sky t seems to def9e ! hill outl9es to ! s\?1 we h no?+ to tell u t ?is ,arctic _w ( ours has a sun40 ,on ! #aa? ( ,janu>y 7#ahed71 ,dr4 ,kane's !rmomet] /ood at #di bel[ z]o2 & on ! #bj? ! range ( ^? at ! obs]vatory 0 at -#fd to -#fg4 ,on ! #e? ( ,febru>y !y began to %[ an unexampl$ temp]ature4 ,!y rang$ f #fj to #ge bel[ z]o1 & "o v admirable in/rum5t on ! taffrail ( ! brig /ood at -#fe4 ,! r$uc$ mean ( ! be/ _s-/&>ds gave -#fg1 or #ig bel[ ! freez+-po9t ( wat]4 ,at ^! temp]atures *loric e!r became solid1 & c>efully prep>$ *lor(orm exhibit$ a granul> film or pellicle on its surface4 ,_s ( naph?a froze at -#ed1 & oil ( sassafras at -#di4 ,! oil ( w9t]-gre5 assumes a floccul5t appe>ance at -#ef1 & solid at -#fc & -#fe4 ,"s fur!r details1 borr[$ f ,dr4 ,kane's exp]i5ces1 w illu/rate /ill m p[]fully ! s+ul> atmosph]ic conditions ( ! ,arctic w9t]4 ,! exhalations f ! surface ( ! body inve/$ any expos$ or p>tially-clad "p ) a wrea? ( vap\r4 ,! air _h a p]ceptible pung5cy :5 inspir$1 b ,dr4 ,kane did n und]go ! pa9ful s5sation describ$ by "s ,sib]ian travell]s4 ,:5 brea!d = any l5g? ( "t x imp>t$ a s5sation ( dryness to ! air-passages2 & ,dr4 ,kane obs]v$ t all 8 p>ty1 z x 7 involunt>ily1 brea!d gradually1 & ) compress$ lips4 ,x 0 at noon on ! #ba/ ( ,janu>y t ! fir/ glimm] ( return+ light became visible1 ! s\!rn horizon be+ t\*$ = a %ort "t ) a di/9ct orange hue4 ,! sun _h1 p]haps1 af=d$ !m a k9d ( illum9ation be=e1 b if s1 x 0 n to be di/+ui%$ f ! 8cold light ( />s40 ,!y _h be5 ne>+ ! sun%9e = ?irty-two days1 & _h j rea*$ t degree ( mitigat$ d>kness :i* made ! extreme midnight ( ,sir ,edw>d ,p>ry 9 lat4 #gd #dg'4 ,we h already allud$ to ! depress+ influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! prolong$ & int5se d>kness ( ! ,arctic night1 & we h ref]r$ to ! s+ul> effect x has ^u animals4 ,dr4 ,kane's dogs1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m 7 natives ( ! ,arctic ,circle1 prov$ unable to be> up aga9/ x4 ,mo/ ( !m di$ f an anomal\s =m ( disease1 to :i* ! abs5ce ( light w\ld seem to h contribut$ z mu* z ! extreme cold4 ,?is circum/ance seems wor?y ( full] notice1 & we quote1 !re=e1 ,dr4 ,kane's obs]vation ^u x3-- 8,janu>y #bj4--,?is morn+ at five o'clock--= ,i am s afflict$ ) ! insomnium ( ?is et]nal night1 t ,i rise at any "t betwe5 midnight & noon--,i w5t ^u deck4 ,x 0 absolutely d>k1 ! cold n p]mitt+ a sw++ lamp4 ,!re 0 n a glimm] came to me ?r\gh ! ice-cru/$ w9d[-panes ( ! cab94 ,:ile ,i 0 feel+ my way1 half puzzl$ z to ! be/ me?od ( /e]+ cle> ( :atev] might be be=e me1 two ( my ,newf\ndl& dogs put _! cold noses aga9/ my h&1 & in/antly comm5c$ ! mo/ exub]ant antics ( satisfaction4 ,x !n occurr$ to me h[ v dre>y & =lorn mu/ ^! poor animals be1 at atmosph]es #aj 9-doors & -#ej )\t1--liv+ 9 d>kness1 h[l+ at an accid5tal light1 z if x rem9d$ !m ( ! moon1--& ) no?+1 ei!r ( in/9ct or s5sation1 to tell !m ( ! pass+ h\rs1 or to expla9 ! long-lo/ daylight40 ,! effect ( ! prolong$ d>kness ^u ^! animals 0 mo/ extraord9>y4 ,e att5tion 0 paid to _! wants2 !y 7 kept bel[1 t5d$1 f$1 cleans$1 c>ess$1 & doctor$2 /ill !y grew worse & worse4 ,/range to say1 _! disease 0 z cle>ly m5tal z 9 ! case ( any human be+4 ,!re 0 no physical disorganization2 !y ate voraci\sly2 !y slept s\ndly1 !y reta9$ _! /r5g?4 ,b fir/ !y 7 /rick5 by epilepsy1 & ?is 0 foll[$ by true lunacy4 ,!y b>k$ fr5zi$ly at no?+2 !y walk$ 9 /raight & curv$ l9es ) anxi\s & unwe>y+ p]sev]ance4 ,!y fawn$ on ! seam51 b )\t seem+ to appreciate any c>esses be/[$ ^u !m2 pu%+ _! head aga9/ ! fri5d :o notic$ !m1 or oscillat+ ) a /range pantomime ( fe>4 ,_! mo/ intellig5t actions seem$ ( an automatic "*2 sometimes !y claw$ at _! ma/]s1 z if seek+ to burr[ into _! seal-sk9s2 sometimes !y pres]v$ = h\rs a moody sil5ce1 & !n />t$ (f h[l+1 z if pursu$1 & ran to & fro = a consid]able p]iod4 ,:5 spr+ return$ ,dr4 ,kane _h to m\rn ! loss ( n9e spl5did ,newf\ndl& & ?irty-five ,eskimo dogs2 ( ! :ole pack only six surviv$1 & "o ( ^! 0 unfit = draught4 ,hav+ dwelt at "s l5g? on ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,arctic w9t]1 we n[ turn to consid] ^? ( ! ,arctic spr+4 ,?is beg9s 9 ,april1 b does n exhibit itself 9 all ! fre%ness ( its beauty until ,may4 ,! temp]ature rises daily 9 ! int]val2 ! w9t] fall ( sn[1 :i* has s long %r\d$ ! gaunt hills & la9 ^u ! valleys1 rolls up be=e ! rays ( ! ris+ sun2 & ! melt$ sn[ p\rs 9 noisy torr5ts & fla%+ cascades ?r\gh ! rugg$ rav9es & ov] ! d>k sides ( ! l(ty cliffs3 ev]y:]e ! air res\nds ) ! d9 ( fall+ wat]s4 ,e>ly 9 ,june ! travell] sees ) delight ! signs ( return+ vegetation4 ,! will[-/ems gr[ gre5 ) ! fre% & liv+ sap2 mosses1 & poppies1 & saxifrages1 & ! co*le>ia1 ) o!r h>dy plants1 beg9 to spr\t2 ! welcome :irr ( w+s is br\ght ^u ! breeze2 ! cliffs are alive ) ! little auks2 flocks ( /ately eid]-ducks sail into ! creeks & s\nds2 ! graceful t]ns scream & d>t ov] ! sea2 ! burgoma/]s & ! gyrfalcons move to & fro ) great] dignity2 ! long-tail$ duck fills ! e*oes ) its %rill voice2 ! snipes hov] ab\t ! fre%-wat] pools2 ! sp>r[s *irp f rock to rock2 long l9es ( cackl+ geese sail 9 ! blue cle>ness ov]head on _! way to a remot] nor?2 ! walrus & ! seal bask on ! ice-floes :i* h brok5 up into small rafts1 & drift lazily ) ! curr5ts2 & a fleet ( iceb]gs move s\?w>ds 9 solemn & /ately procession1 _! spires & t[]s fla%+ & coruscat+ 9 ! sunlight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adv5t ,,( ,,spr+ ,,9 ,,! ,,pol> ,,regions4 ,we transcribe a sket* ( a spr+ l&scape 9 ! ,pol> _w f ! pages ( ,dr4 ,hayes3-- ,we arriv$ at ! lake1 he says1 9 ! mid/ ( a v enliv5+ sc5e4 ,! sn[ _h ma9ly disappe>$ f ! valley1 &1 al?\gh no fl[]s _h yet appe>$1 ! e>ly vegetation 0 cov]+ ! banks ) gre51 & ! feeble gr[?s op5$ _! little leaves almo/ "u ! v sn[1 & /ood alive & fre% 9 ! froz5 turf1 look+ z glad ( ! spr+ z _! m ambiti\s c\s9s ( ! w>m ,s\?4 ,num]\s small h]ds ( re9de] _h come d[n f ! m\nta9s to fatt5 on ?is newly budd+ life4 ,gu%+ rivulets & fanta/ic wat]falls m+l$ _! pleasant music ) ! ceaseless hum ( birds1 myriads ( :i* sat ^u ! rocks ( ! hill-side1 or 7 p]*$ ^u ! cliffs1 or sail$ ?r\gh ! air 9 sw>ms s ?ick t !y seem$ l a d>k cl\d pass+ be=e ! sun4 ,^! birds 7 ! little auk1 a wat]-f[l n l>g] ?an a quail4 ,! swift flutt] ( _! w+s & _! con/ant cry fill$ ! air ) a ro> l t ( a /orm advanc+ among ! =e/ trees4 ,! valley 0 gl[+ ) ! sunlight ( ! e>ly morn+1 :i* /ream$ 9 ov] ! glaci]1 & rob$ hill1 m\nta91 & pla9 9 brightness4 ,spr+ passes into summ]1 & all nature seems end[$ ) a new life4 ,! dea?-l sil5ce1 ! oppressive d>kness1 ! s5se ( fe> & despond5cy1 all h pass$ away2 & e>? & wat] e*o ) *e]ful voices1 ! l&scape is ba!d 9 a glori\s radiance1 ! human s\l is consci\s ( a s5tim5t ( hope & expectation4 ,! w9t] is pa/ & gone2 ! fl[]s appe> on ! e>?2 ! "t ( ! s++ ( birds is come4 ,! sn[ has melt$ f ! hills1 & ! /reams run ) a m]ry music1 & ! scanty flora ( ! f> nor!rn _w atta9s its full developm5t4 ,by day & night ! sun p\rs =? its invigorat+ rays1 & ev5 ! butt]fly is enc\rag$ to sport among ! blossoms4 ,! ,aurora no long] exhibits its _m-col\r$ fires1 & ! sky is z cle> & cl\dless z 9 g5ial ,italy4 ,b ?is season ( life & w>m? is ( %ort duration1 & :5 ,july has pass$ ! sun beg9s to s9k l[] & l[]1 z if to visit ano!r _w2 a %ad[ gradually /eals ov] ! sky2 w9ds bl[ fi]cely1 & br+ ) !m bl9d+ %[]s ( sleet & icicles2 ! f\nta9s & ! /reams cease _! pleasant fl[2 ! broad cru/ ( ice spreads ov] ! imprison$ sea2 ! sn[-mantle re/s on ! hill-sides & ! valleys2 ! birds w+ _! way to ! w>m] ,s\?2 & ! ,pol> _w is once m giv5 ov] to ! sil5ce1 ! lonel9ess1 & ! gloom ( ! long ,arctic night4 ,turn+ our att5tion n[ to ! 8/>ry heav5s10 we obs]ve t conspicu\s among ! glori\s ho/ is ! ,nor? ,/>1 :i*1 f e>lie/ times1 has be5 ! fri5d & guide ( ! navigator4 ,! ,pole-,/>1 or ,pol>is1 is ! /> 9 ! con/ellation ( ,ursa ,m9or1 & is ! ne>e/ l>ge /> to ! nor? pole ( ! cele/ial equator4 ,we say ! 8ne>e/10 because x does n actually m>k ! position ( ! pole1 b is ab\t #a #cj' f x4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! motion ( ! pole ( ! cele/ial equator r\nd t ( ! ecliptic1 x w1 9 ab\t #bjjj ,a4,d41 approa* )9 #bh' ( ! nor? pole2 b aft] rea*+ ?is po9t ( approximation x w beg9 to rec$e4 ,at ! "t ( ,hipp>*us x 0 #ab di/ant f x 7t is1 9 #aef ,b4,c472 9 #aghe1 #b #b'4 ,y may easily f9d its place 9 ! 8/ell> firmam5t10 = a l9e drawn betwe5 ! />s & 7h5ce call$ ! 8,po9t]s07 ( ! con/ellation ,ursa ,major1 or ! ,great ,be>1 & produc$ 9 a nor!rly direction = ab\t f\r & a half times its own l5g?1 w almo/ t\* ! ,pole-,/>4 ,two ?\s& ye>s ?is po/ ( hon\r1 s to speak1 0 occupi$ by ! /> ( ,ursa ,major2 :ile1 9 ab\t twelve ?\s& ye>s1 x w be occupi$ by ! /> ,vega 9 ,lyra1 :i* w be )9 #e ( ! nor? pole4 ,! con/ellation ( ,ursa ,major is always above ! horizon ( ,europe1 & h5ce x has be5 an object ( curiosity to its inhabitants f ! remote/ antiquity4 ,our read]s may easily recognize x by ?ree />s :i* =m a triangle 9 its tail1 :ile f\r m =m a quadrangle 9 ! body ( ! imag9>y be>4 ,9 ! triangle1 ! fir/ /> at ! tip ( ! tail is ,b5etnas* ( ! second magnitude2 ! second1 ,miz>2 & ! ?ird1 ,alio?4 ,9 ! quadrangle1 ! fir/ /> at ! root ( ! tail is nam$ ,megrez2 ! second bel[ x1 ,phad2 ! ?ird1 9 a horizontal direction1 ,m]ak2 & ! f\r?1 above ! latt]1 ,dubhe1 ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ursa ,,major ,,& ,,ursa ,,m9or4 ,9 ,ursa ,m9or ! only conspicu\s /> is ,pol>is1 ( :i* we h rec5tly spok54 ,we subjo9 a li/ ( ! nor!rn con/ellations1 includ+ ! names ( ^? :o =m$ !m1 ! numb] ( _! visible />s1 & ! names ( ! mo/ important & conspicu\s4 ,,nor!rn ,,con/ellations4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,,con/ellations4 ,,au?or4 ,,no4 ,,( ,,pr9cipal ,,/>s4 ,,/>s4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,ursa ,m9or1 ! ,less] ,be> ,aratus4 #bd ,pol>is1 #b4 ,ursa ,major1 ! ,great ,be> ,aratus4 #hg ,dubhe1 #a2 ,alio?1 #b4 ,p]seus1 & ,head ( ,m$usa ,aratus4 #ei ,alg5ib1 #b2 ,algol1 #b4 ,auriga1 ! ,waggon] ,aratus4 #ff ,capella1 #a4 ,bootes1 ! ,h]dsman ,aratus4 #ed ,arcturus1 #a4 ,draco1 ! ,dragon ,aratus4 #hj ,ra/ab51 #c4 ,cepheus ,aratus4 #ce ,ald]am91 #c4 ,canes ,v5atici1 ! ,greyh\nds ,*>a & ,a/]ia ,hevelius4 #be ,cor ,c>oli1 ,he>t ( ,*>les ,,ii ,halley4 #c ,triangulum1 ! ,triangle ,aratus4 #af ,triangulum ,m9us1 ! ,less] ,triangle ,hevelius4 #aj ,musca1 ! ,fly ,bode4 #f ,lynx ,hevelius4 #dd ,leo ,m9or1 ! ,less] ,lion ,hevelius4 #ec ,coma ,b]5ices1 ,b]5ice's ,hair ,ty*o ,brahe4 #dc ,cameleop>dalis1 ! ,giraffe ,hevelius4 #eh ,mons ,m5elaus1 ,m\nt ,m5elaus ,hevelius4 #aa ,corona ,borealis1 ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n ,aratus4 #ba ,s]p5s1 ! ,s]p5t ,aratus4 #fd ,scutum ,sobieski1 ,sobieski's ,%ield ,hevelius4 #h ,h]cules1 ) ,c]b]us ,aratus4 #aac ,ras ,algra?a1 #c4 ,s]p5t>ius1 or ,ophiu*us1 ! ,s]p5t-,be>] ,aratus4 #gd ,ras ,aliagus1 #b4 ,taurus ,poniat[ski1 or ! ,bull ( ,poniat[ski ,poezobat4 #g ,lyra1 ! ,h>p ,aratus4 #bb ,vega1 #a4 ,vulpeculus et ,ans]1 ! ,fox & ! ,goose ,hevelius4 #cg ,sagitta1 ! ,arr[ ,aratus4 #ah ,aquila1 ! ,eagle1 ) ,ant9\s ,aratus4 #ga ,altair1 #a4 ,delph9us1 ! ,dolph9 ,aratus4 #ah ,cygnus1 ! ,swan ,aratus4 #ha ,d5eb1 #a4 ,cassiopeia1 ! ,lady 9 h] ,*air ,aratus4 #ee ,equulus1 ! ,horse's ,head ,ptolemy4 #aj ,lac]ta1 ! ,liz>d ,hevelius4 #af ,pegasus1 ! ,fly+ ,horse ,aratus4 #hi ,m>kab1 #b4 ,&rom$a ,aratus4 #ff ,almaac1 #b4 ,tur&us1 ! ,re9de] ,lemonni]4 #ab ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,a few rem>ks 9 ref]5ce to "s ( ^! con/ellations1 & ! glori\s orbs :i* !y help to indicate to mortal eyes1 may fitly close ?is *apt]4 ,we h already allud$ to ,ursa ,major1 :i* =ms "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s objects ( ! nor!rn heav5s4 ,x has borne diff]5t names1 at diff]5t times1 & among diff]5t peoples4 ,x 0 ! ( ! ,greeks2 ! 8,septem triones0 ( ! ,lat9s4 ,x is kn[n 9 "s p>ts z ,david's ,*>iot2 ! ,*9ese call x1 ,t*e\-pey4 ,night & day ?is con/ellation wat*es above ! nor!rn horizon1 revolv+1 ) sl[ & maje/ic m>*1 ar\nd ,pol>is1 9 f\r & tw5ty h\rs4 ,! quadrangle ( />s 9 ! body ( ! ,great ,be> =ms ! :eels ( ! *>iot2 ! triangle 9 its tail1 ! *>iot-pole4 ,above ! second ( ! ?ree latt] %9es ! small /> ,alcor1 also nam$ ! ,horseman4 ,! ,arabs call x ,saidak1 or 8! ,te/10 because !y use x to try ! range & /r5g? ( a p]son's vision4 ,?is brilliant nor!rn con/ellation1 compos$1 ) ! exception ( 1 ( />s ( ! second magnitude1 has frequ5tly be5 celebrat$ by poets4 ,we may p>aphrase1 = ! advantage ( our read]s1 a gl[+ apo/rophe f ! p5 ( ! ,am]ican ,w>e3-- ,) :at gr& & maje/ic /eps1 he says1 x moves =w>d 9 its et]nal circle1 foll[+ among ! />s its regal way 9 a sl[ & sil5t spl5d\r6 ,mighty creation1 ,i salute !e6 ,i love to see !e w&]+ 9 ! %9+ pa?s l a giant pr\d ( 8 /rong girdle--sev]e1 indefatigable1 resolv$--^: feet nev] lag 9 ! road :i* lies be=e !m4 ,o!r tribes ab&on _! nocturnal c\rse & re/ _! we>y orbs "u ! waves2 b ?\1 ?\ nev] close/ ?y burn+ eyes1 & nev] susp5de/ ?y det]m9$ /eps4 ,=w>d1 ev] =w>d6 ,:ile sy/ems *ange1 & suns retire1 & worlds fall to sleep & awake aga91 ?\ pursue/ ?y endless m>*4 ,! ne> horizon attempts to *eck !e1 b 9 va94 ,a wat*ful s5t9el1 ?\ nev] quitte/ ?y age-long duty2 b1 )\t all[+ ?yself to be surpris$ by sleep1 ?\ gu>de/ ! fix$ light ( ! univ]se1 & prev5te/ ! nor? f ev] =gett+ its place4 ,sev5 />s dwell 9 t %9+ company2 ! eye embraces !m all at a s+le glance2 _! di/ances f "o ano!r1 h[ev]1 are n less ?an ! di/ance ( ea* f ,e>?4 ,& ?is aga9 is ! reciprocal di/ance ( ! cele/ial c5tres or foci4 ,f dep?s ( heav51 unexplor$ by ?\ght1 ! pi]c+ rays d>t across ! void1 reveal+ to our s5ses innum]able worlds & sy/ems4 ,let u arm our vision ) ! telescope1 & let u survey ! firmam5t4 ,! skies op5 wide2 a %[] ( sp>kl+ fires desc5ds ^u our head2 ! />s close up _! ranks1 are cond5s$ 9 regions s remote t _! swift rays 7swift] ?an aught else 9 creation7 mu/ travel = c5turies be=e !y c rea* our ,e>?4 ,e>?1 sun1 & ye con/ellations1 :at are ye among ?is inf9ite imm5sity & ! multitude ( ! ,div9e works6 ,if we face t[>ds ! ,pole-,/>1 :i*1 z we h se51 pres]ves its place 9 ! c5tre ( ! nor!rn region ( ! sky1 we h ! s\? beh9d u1 ! ea/ is on our "r1 ! we/ ^u our left4 ,all ! />s revolv+ r\nd ! ,pole-,/>1 f "r to left1 %\ld be recogniz$ accord+ to _! mutual relations r ?an ref]r$ to ! c>d9al po9ts4 ,on ! o!r side ( ,pol>is1 z comp>$ ) ! ,great ,be>1 we f9d ano!r con/ellation :i* is easily recogniz$4 ,if f ! c5tral /> we c>ry a l9e to ! ,pole1 & !n prolong x = an equal di/ance1 we trav]se ! con/ellation ( ,cassiopeia1 compos$ ( five />s ( ! ?ird magnitude1 dispos$ some:at l ! out] jambs ( ! lett] ,m4 ,! small /> 1 t]m9at+ ! squ>e1 gives x also ! =m ( a *air4 ,?is gr\p occupies e possible situation 9 revolv+ r\nd ! ,pole1 be+ at "o "t above x1 at ano!r bel[1 n[ on ! left1 & !n on ! "r2 b x is always readily f\nd1 because1 l ,ursa ,major1 to :i* x is inv>iably opposite1 x nev] sets4 ,! ,pole-,/> is ! axle r\nd :i* ^! two con/ellations revolve4 ,if we n[ draw1 f ! />s & 9 ,ursa ,major1 two l9es meet+ at ! ,pole1 & aft]w>ds ext5d !m beyond ,cassiopeia1 !y w abut on ! squ>e ( ,pegasus1 :i* is b\nd$ on "o ( its sides by a gr\p1 or s]ies1 ( ?ree />s resembl+ ! triangle 9 ,ursa ,major4 ,^! ?ree belong to ! con/ellation ( ,&rom$a 71 1 & 71 & !mselves abut on ano!r ?ree-orb$ gr\p1 t ( ,p]seus4 ,! la/ /> 9 ! squ>e ( ,p]seus is also ! fir/ ( ,&rom$a3 ! o!r ?ree are nam$1 ,alg5ib1 2 ,m>kab1 2 & ,s*eat1 4 ,to ! nor? ( ,&rom$a 1 & ne> a small />1 1 ! ,arctic travell] w disc]n an oblong nebula1 :i* may be comp>$ to ! light ( a tap] se5 ?r\gh a %eet ( horn2 ?is is ! fir/ nebula to :i* any allusion occurs 9 ! annals ( a/ronomy4 ,9 ,p]seus 1 an orb ( great brilliancy1 on ! prolong$ plane ( ! ?ree pr9cipal />s ( ,&rom$a1 %9es ) /eady lu/re betwe5 two less dazzl+ sph]es1 & =ms 9 conjunction ) !m a concave arc v easily di/+ui%$4 ,( ?is arc we may avail ourselves z a new po9t ( dep>ture4 ,by prolong+ x 9 ! direction ( 1 we come to a v bright /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 ! ,goat4 ,by =m+ a "r angle to ?is prolongation 9 a s\!rly direction we come to t glori\s mass ( />s1 n v frequ5tly above ! ,pol> horizon1 ! ,pleiads4 ,^! 7 held 9 evil repute among ! anci5ts4 ,_! appe>ance 0 suppos$ to be om9\s ( viol5t /orms1 & ,val]ius ,flaccus speaks ( !m z fatal to %ips4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nebula ,,9 ,,&rom$a4 ,algol1 or ,m$usa's ,head1 kn[n to a/ronom]s z ,p]seus 1 belongs to ! s+ul> class ( ,v>iable ,/>s4 ,in/ead ( %9+ ) a con/ant lu/re1 l o!r orbs1 x is sometimes v brilliant1 & sometimes v pale2 pass+1 app>5tly1 f ! second to ! f\r? magnitude4 ,accord+ to ,goodricke1 its p]iod ( v>iation is #b days #bj h\rs #dh m9utes4 ,?is ph5om5al "* 0 fir/ obs]v$ by ,m>aldi 9 #afid2 b ! duration ( ! *ange 0 det]m9$ by ,goodricke 9 #aghb4 ,= two days & f\rte5 h\rs x cont9ues at its brighte/1 & %9es a glory 9 ! heav5s4 ,!n its lu/re sudd5ly beg9s to wane1 & 9 ?ree h\rs & a half is r$uc$ to its m9imum4 ,its weake/ p]iod1 h[ev]1 does n la/ m ?an ab\t fifte5 m9utes4 ,x !n beg9s to increase 9 brightness1 & 9 ?ree h\rs & a half m x is re/or$ to its full spl5d\r2 ?us pass+ ?r\gh its succession ( *anges 9 #b days #bj h\rs #dh m9utes4 ,?is s+ul> p]iodicity sugge/$ to ,goodricke ! idea ( "s opaque body revolv+ ar\nd ! />1 & by int]pos+ betwe5 x & ! ,e>? cutt+ (f a portion ( its light4 ,algol is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! welcome />s :i* k9dle 9 ! long ,arctic d>kness4 ,! /> 9 ,p]seus1 situat$ above ! 8/ormy ,pleiads10 is d\ble2 t is1 a b9>y />4 9 ,ursa ,major is also a tw9-/>2 & s is ,pol>is1 ! second & small] /> appe>+ a m]e speck 9 comp>ison ) its companion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! are ! pr9cipal />s & />ry gr\ps 9 ! ,circumpol> ,regions ( ! heav5s1 on "o side2 let u n[ turn our att5tion to ! o!r4 ,= ?is purpose we mu/ aga9 take ! ,great ,be> z our />t+-po9t4 ,prolong+ ! tail 9 its curvature1 ! ,arctic travell] notes1 at "s di/ance f x1 a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 ,arcturus1 or ,botes 4 ,?is />1 ?\gh )\t any au?ority1 0 at "o "t consid]$ ! ne>e/ to ! ,e>? ( all ! />ry ho/4 ,ab\t #aj to ! nor?-ea/ ( x is ,mirac1 or ,botes2 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful objects 9 ! heav5s1 on acc\nt ( ! contra/$ hues1 yell[ & azure1 ( ! two />s compos+ x4 ,un=tunately1 ! tw9-orbs _c be di/9ctly se5 except ) a telescope ( two hundr$ magnify+ p[]4 ,a small r+ ( />s to ! left ( ,botes is appropriately kn[n z ,corona ,borealis1 or ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n4 ,! con/ellation ( ,botes =ms a p5tagon2 & ! />s compos+ x are all ( ! ?ird magnitude1 ) ! exception ( 1 :i* is ( ! fir/4 ,arcturus1 z we h said1 0 anci5tly consid]$ ! /> ne>e/ to ! ,e>?4 ,x is1 at all ev5ts1 "o ( ! ne>e/1 & belongs to ! small numb] ( ^? ^: di/ance our a/ronom]s h succe$$ 9 calculat+4 ,x is #fa trillions1 #gab1jjj millions ( leagues f our planet2 a di/ance ( :i* we c =m no appreciable conception4 ,moreov]1 x is a col\r$ />2 on exam9+ x ?r\gh a telescope we see t x is ( ! same hue z ! 8r$ planet ,m>s40 ,by c>ry+ a l9e f ! ,pol> ,/> to ,arcturus1 & rais+ a p]p5dicul> 9 ! middle ( ?is l9e1 opposite to ,ursa ,major1 ! obs]v] ( ! ,arctic skies w discov] "o ( ! mo/ lum9\s orbs ( night1 ,vega1 or ,lyra1 ne> ! ,milky ,way4 ,! /> ,lyra1 or ,%eliak1 is a v>iable />1 *ang+ f ! ?ird to ! fif? magnitude1 & accompli%+ its v>iation 9 #f days #aj h\rs & #cd m9utes4 & ,lyra are quadruple sy/ems1 ea* compos$ ( b9>y or tw9-/>s4 ,! l9e drawn f ,arcturus to ,vega cuts ! con/ellation ( ,h]cules4 ,betwe5 ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or may be obs]v$ a prolong$ s]ies ( small />s1 coil+1 z x 71 9 a numb] ( convolutions1 & ext5d+ t[>ds ,vega3 ^! belong to ! con/ellation ( ! ,dragon4 ,su* are ! pr9cipal objects :i* attract ! att5tion ( ! travell]1 :5 contemplat+ ! />-/udd$ firmam5t ( ! ,arctic night4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,pol> ,,seas3 ,,iceb]gs--,,ice-,,floes--,,! ,,seal--,,! ,,walrus ,,! ,,n>:al--,,! ,,:ale--,,sundry ,,=ms ,,( ,,m>9e ,,life4 ,^? masses ( ice :i*1 t[]+ to a consid]able elevation above ! surface ( ! wat]1 are c>ri$ hi!r & ?i!r by ! curr5ts ( ! ,pol> ,sea1 are kn[n z ,iceb]gs4 ,!y are fre%-wat] =mations1 orig9at+ 9 ! great glaci]s ( ! nor!rn highl&s4 ,= z ! riv]s cont9u\sly p\r _! wat]s into ! ocean1 s d ! glaci]s incessantly glide d[nw>d f ! head ( ! valleys :i* !y occupy1 until1 arriv+ on ! coa/1 !y ?r[ (f _! t]m9al projections1 to be c>ri$ af> by ! action ( ! tidal waves4 ,^! b]gs1 or float+ m\nta9s1 are sometimes #bej to #cjj feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & _! capacity or bulk is inv>iably equal to _! height4 ,f _! specific gravity x has be5 calculat$ t ! volume ( an iceb]g bel[ ! wat] is eight times t ( ! portion ris+ above x4 ,!y are frequ5tly ( ! mo/ impos+ magnitude4 ,ross1 9 8 fir/ exp$ition1 fell 9 ) "o 9 ,baff9 ,bay1 at a di/ance ( sev5 leagues f l&1 :i* _h gone agr\nd 9 sixty-"o fa?oms wat]4 ,its dim5sions1 accord+ to ,lieut5ant ,p>ry1 7 #d1afi y>ds 9 l5g?1 #c1hfi y>ds 9 bread?1 & #ea feet 9 height4 ,its configuration is describ$ z resembl+ t ( ! back ( ! ,isle ( ,wight1 :ile its cliffs recall$ ^? *alky ramp>ts :i* /ret* _! glitt]+ l9e to ! we/ ( ,dov]4 ,its weight 0 comput$ at #a1bib1cig1fgc tons4 ,capta9 ,graab exam9$ a mass1 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,gre5l&1 :i* rose #abj feet out ( ! wat]1 measur$ #d1jjj feet 9 circumf]5ce at ! base1 & 0 calculat$ to be equal 9 bulk to upw>ds ( #ijj1jjj1jjj cubic feet4 ,dr4 ,hayes took ! measurem5ts ( a b]g :i* _h /r&$ (f ! little h>b\r ( ,tessuissak1 to ! nor? ( ,melville ,bay4 ,! squ>e wall :i* fac$ t[>ds 8 base ( triangulation 0 some:at m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile 9 l5g?1 & #cae feet 9 height4 ,z x 0 ne>ly squ>e-sid$ above ! sea1 x w\ld be ( ! same %ape b5ea? x2 &1 accord+ to ! ratio already giv51 mu/ h drift$ agr\nd 9 a dep? ( fully half a mile4 ,9 o!r words1 f base to summit x mu/ h /ood z high z ! peak ( ,sn[don4 ,its cubical cont5ts _c h be5 less ?an ab\t #bg1jjj1jjj1jjj feet1 nor its weight ?an #b1jjj1jjj1jjj tons6 ,:5 se5 f a di/ance1 ! spectacle ( any consid]able numb] ( ^! sl[ly-mov+ m\nta9s is v impressive1 & x becomes p>ticul>ly magnific5t if x %\ld be lit up by ! spl5d\r ( ! midnight sun4 ,!y are n only maje/ic 9 size1 b sublime 9 appe>ance1 at "o "t assum+ ! lik5ess ( a gr& ca!dral *ur*1 at ano!r1 ( a l(ty obelisk2 n[ ( a dazzl+ pyramid1 & n[ ( a clu/] ( l(ty t[]s4 ,nature w\ld seem to h lavi%$ ^u !m all h] ar*itectural fancy2 & z !y are gr&ly swept along1 "o might be p>don$ = suppos+ !m to be ! sea-wa%$ palaces ( a race ( ocean ,titans4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ar*$ ,,iceb]g ,,(f ,,! ,,gre5l& ,,coa/4 ,9 ,melville ,bay1 ,dr4 ,kane's %ip an*or$ to an iceb]g1 :i* protect$ x f ! fury ( a viol5t gale4 ,b he _h n long enjoy$ ! tranquil %elt] x af=d$1 :5 a d9 ( l\d crackl+ s\nds 0 he>d above2 & small fragm5ts ( ice1 n l>g] ?an a walnut1 began to dot ! wat]1 l ! fir/ big drops ( a ?und]-%[]4 ,dr4 ,kane & 8 crew did n neglect ^! indications2 !y _h b>ely "t to ca/ (f1 h[ev]1 be=e ! face ( ! icy cliff fell 9 ru9s1 cra%+ l ne> artill]y4 ,aft]w>ds he made fa/ to a l>g] b]g1 :i* he describes z a mov+ breakwat]1 & ( gigantic proportions2 x kept its c\rse /eadily t[>ds ! nor?4 ,:5 he got "u weigh1 & made = ! nor?-ea/1 ?r\gh a labyr9? ( ice-floes1 he 0 fav\r$ ) a gorge\s spectacle1 :i* h>dly any excitem5t ( p]il c\ld h induc$ him to ov]look4 ,! midnight sun came out ov] ! nor!rn cre/ ( ! huge b]g1 k9dl+ v>i\sly-col\r$ fires on e "p ( its surface1 & mak+ ! ice ar\nd "o sublime transp>5cy ( illum9at$ gem-"w1 blaz+ c>buncles1 & rubies & molt5 gold4 ,illu/ration3 ,,among ,,! ,,b]gs--,a ,,n>r[ ,,escape4 ,dr4 ,hayes describes an imm5se b]g :i* resembl$ 9 its g5]al aspect ! ,we/m9/] ,palace ( ,sir ,*>les ,b>ry's creation4 ,x w5t to ru9 be=e 8 eyes4 ,fir/ "o tall t[] tumbl$ headlong into ! wat]1 />t+ f its surface an innum]able sw>m ( gulls2 !n ano!r foll[$2 & at l5g?1 aft] five h\rs ( t]rible disruption & cra%+1 n a fragm5t t rose fifty feet above ! wat] rema9$ ( ?is ar*itectural colossus ( ice4 ,^! float+ isles ( ice are c>ri$ s\?w>d fully two ?\s& miles f _! p>5t glaci]s to melt 9 ! ,atlantic1 :]e !y communicate a p]ceptible coldness to ! wat] = ?irty or =ty miles ar\nd1 :ile _! influ5ce on ! atmosph]ic temp]ature may be recogniz$ at a great] di/ance4 ,_! numb] is extraord9>y4 ,z _m z sev5 hundr$ b]gs1 ea* l(ti] ?an ! dome ( ,/4 ,paul's1 "s ?an ! cross ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 h be5 se5 at once 9 ! ,pol> bas92 z if ! ,fro/ ,k+ _h despat*$ an armada to oppose ! ra% ent]prise ( man 9 p5etrat+ )9 8 dom9ions4 ,! waves break aga9/ !m z aga9/ an iron-b\nd coa/1 & (t5 ! spray is flung ov] _! v summits1 l ! spray ( ! roll+ wat]s ( ! ,*annel ov] ! cre/ ( ! ,eddy/one ,ligh?\se4 ,! ice crumbles f _! face1 & tumbles d[n into ! sea ) a ro> l t ( artill]y2 & z !y wa/e away1 ?r\gh ! comb9$ action ( air & wat]1 !y occasionally lose _! equilibrium & topple ov]1 produc+ a swell & a viol5t commotion :i* break up ! neighb\r+ ice-fields3 ! tumult spreads f> & wide1 & ?und] seems to peal ar\nd4 ,! fractures or r5ts frequ5tly visible 9 ! glitt]+ cliffs ( ! iceb]gs are ( an em]ald gre51 & look l pat*es ( beautiful fre% sw>d on cliffs ( *alk2 :ile pools ( wat] ( ! mo/ exquisite sapphir9e blue %9e respl5d5t on _! surface1 or leap d[n _! craggy sides 9 lum9\s cascades4 ,ev5 9 ! night !y are readily di/+ui%$ f af> by _! effulg5ce2 & 9 foggy1 hazy wea!r1 by a peculi> blackness 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,z ! ,gre5l& ,curr5t frequ5tly drifts !m to ! s\? ( ,newf\ndl&1 & ev5 to ! #dj? or #ci? p>allel ( latitude1 ! %ips & /eam]s cross+ betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica sometimes meet !m on _! track4 ,to come into collision ) !m is c]ta9 de/ruction2 & x is probable t "s ( ^? ill-fat$ vessels :i* h left _! h>b\rs 9 safety1 b h nev] s9ce be5 he>d (1--z1 = example1 ! /eam] ,presid5t1--h p]i%$ ?r\gh ?is cause4 ,b if !y are sometimes dang]\s to ! m>9]1 !y (t5 prove 8 security4 ,z mo/ ( _! bulk lies bel[ ! wat]-surface1 !y are ei!r c>ri$ along by "u-curr5ts aga9/ ! w9d1 or else f _! colossal size !y are able to defy ! /ronge/ gale1 & to move along ) maje/ic sl[ness :5 e o!r k9d ( ice is driv5 swiftly pa/ !m4 ,& h5ce x happ5s t1 :5 ! w9d is contr>y1 ! :al] is glad to br+ 8 %ip into smoo? wat] "u _! lee4 ,9 describ+ ! difficulties ( 8 passage ?r\gh ! loose & drift+ ice ne> ,cape ,york1 & ! brok5 ice-fields1 ,dr4 ,kane records ! assi/ance he d]iv$ f ! l>ge iceb]gs1 to :i* he moor$ 8 vessel1 & ?us 0 enabl$1 he says1 to hold 8 own1 h[ev] rapidly ! surface-floes 7 pass+ by him to ! s\?4 ,yet an*or+ to a b]g br+s ) x an occasional p]il4 ,z we h already said1 l>ge pieces frequ5tly loos5 !mselves f ! summit or sides1 & fall into ! sea ) a f>-res\nd+ cra%4 ,:5 ?is op]ation1 8calv+10 z x is call$1 takes place1 woe to ! un=tunate %ip :i* lies b5ea?6 ,all ice becomes excessively brittle "u ! influ5ce ( ! sun or ( a temp]ate atmosph]e1 & a s+le bl[ f an axe w suffice to split a huge b]g asund]1 bury+ ! he$less adv5tur] b5ea? ! ru9s1 or hurl+ him into ! yawn+ *asm4 ,dr4 ,scoresby records ! adv5ture ( two sailors :o _h be5 s5t to atta* an an*or to a b]g4 ,!y set to "w to hew a hole 9 ! ice1 b sc>cely _h ! fir/ bl[ be5 /ruck1 :5 ! colossal mass r5t f top to bottom & fell asund]1 ! two halves fall+ 9 opposite directions ) a trem5d\s upro>4 ,"o ( ! sailors1 ) rem>kable pres5ce ( m9d1 in/antly clamb]$ up ! huge fragm5t on :i* he 0 sitt+1 & rema9$ rock+ to & fro on ! dizzy summit until its equilibrium 0 re/or$2 ! o!r1 fall+ betwe5 ! masses1 w\ld probably h be5 cru%$ to dea? if ! curr5t caus$ by _! commotion _h n swept him )9 rea* ( ! boat t 0 wait+ = !m4 ,fa/5+ to a b]g1 says ,%]>d ,osborn1 has its risks & dang]s4 ,sometimes ! fir/ /roke ( ! man sett+ ! ice-an*or1 by its concussion1 causes ! iceb]g to break up1 & ! p s employ$ run great risk ( be+ injur$2 at ano!r "t1 vessels oblig$ to make fa/ "u ! /eep side ( a b]g h be5 s]i\sly damag$ by pieces deta*+ !mselves f ov]head2 &1 aga91 ! project+ masses1 call$ tongues1 :i* =m "u wat] ! base ( ! b]g1 h be5 kn[n to break (f1 & /rike a vessel s sev]ely z to s9k h]4 ,all ^! p]ils are duly detail$ by e ,arctic navigator1 :o is always m9dful1 9 moor+ to an iceb]g1 to look = a side :i* is l[ & slop+1 )\t any tongues "u wat]4 ,capta9 ,p>ry 0 once witness ( t sublime spectacle1 :i*1 ?\gh ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 is seldom se5 by human eyes1 ! entire dissolution ( an enorm\s iceb]g4 ,its huge size & massiv5ess _h be5 specially rem>k$1 & m5 ?\ght t x might well resi/ 8a c5tury ( sun & ?aw40 ,x look$ z l>ge z ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,all on bo>d ,capta9 ,p>ry's %ip describ$ z a mo/ wond]ful spectacle ?is iceb]g1 )\t any w>n+1 completely break+ up4 ,! sea ar\nd x became a see?+ caldron1 f ! viol5t plung+ ( ! masses1 z !y broke & re-broke 9 a ?\s& pieces4 ,! floes1 torn up = a di/ance ( two miles ar\nd x1 by ! viol5t action ( ! roll+ wat]s1 ?reat5$1 f ! agitation ( ! ice1 to de/roy any vessel t _h be5 among/ !m2 & ,capta9 ,p>ry & 8 crew congratulat$ !mselves t !y 7 suffici5tly f> f ! sc5e to witness its sublimity )\t be+ involv$ 9 its dang]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,iceb]g ,,& ,,ice-,,field1 ,,melville ,,bay1 ,,gre5l& ,iceb]gs *iefly ab\nd 9 ,baff9 ,bay1 & 9 ! gulfs & inlets connect$ ) x4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly num]\s 9 ! great ind5tation kn[n z ,melville ,bay1 ! :ole int]ior ( ! c\ntry bord]+ ^u x be+ ! seat ( imm5se glaci]s1 & ^! are con/antly 8%$d+ (f0 iceb]gs ( ! l>ge/ dim5sions4 ,! great] bulk ( ^! is1 z we h expla9$1 bel[ ! wat]-l9e2 & ! consequ5t dep? to :i* !y s9k :5 float+ subjects !m to ! action ( ! deep] ocean-curr5ts1 :ile _! broad surface above ! wat] is1 ( c\rse1 act$ on by ! w9d4 ,x happ5s1 !re=e1 z ,dr4 ,kane rem>ks1 t !y are f\nd n infrequ5tly mov+ 9 diff]5t directions f ! floes ar\nd !m1 & prev5t+ !m = a "t f freez+ into a unit$ mass4 ,/ill1 9 ! late w9t]1 :5 ! cold has ?or\ghly set 91 ,melville ,bay becomes a cont9u\s mass ( ice1 f ,cape ,york to ! ,devil's ,?umb4 ,at o!r times1 ?is region ju/ifies ! "n ! :al]s h be/[$ ^u x ( 8,b]gy ,hole40 ,capta9 ,bee*ey1 9 8 voyage ) ,bu*an1 9 #ahah1 _h an opportunity ( witness+ ! =mation ( a 8b]g10 or r ( two ( ^! imm5se masses4 ,9 ,magdal5a ,bay he _h tak5 ! %ip's laun* ne> ! %ore to exam9e a magnific5t glaci]1 :5 ! dis*>ge ( a gun caus$ an in/antane\s disruption ( its bulk4 ,a noise resembl+ ?und] 0 he>d 9 ! direction ( ! glaci]1 & 9 a few seconds m an imm5se piece broke away1 & fell headlong into ! sea4 ,! crew ( ! laun*1 suppos+ !mselves beyond ! rea* ( its influ5ce1 quietly look$ ^u ! sc5e1 :5 a sea arose & roll$ t[>ds ! %ore ) su* rapidity t ! boat 0 wa%$ ^u ! bea* & fill$4 ,z soon z _! a/oni%m5t _h subsid$1 !y exam9$ ! boat1 & f\nd h] s badly /ove t x 0 necess>y to repair h] be=e !y c\ld return to _! %ip4 ,!y _h also ! curiosity to measure ! di/ance ! boat _h be5 c>ri$ by ! wave1 & asc]ta9$ t x 0 n9ety-six feet4 ,a %ort "t aft]w>ds1 :5 ,capta9 ,bee*ey & ,lieut5ant ,frankl9 _h approa*$ "o ( ^! /up5d\s walls ( ice1 & 7 endeav\r+ to se>* into ! inn]mo/ recess ( a deep cav]n t lay ne> ! foot ( ! glaci]1 !y sudd5ly he>d a report1 z ( a cannon1 & turn+ to ! qu>t] :5ce x proce$$1 p]ceiv$ an imm5se section ( ! front ( ! glaci] slid+ d[n f ! height ( two hundr$ feet at lea/ into ! sea1 & disp]s+ ! wat] 9 e direction1 accompani$ by a l\d gr9d+ noise1 & foll[$ by an outfl[ ( wat]1 :i*1 be+ previ\sly lodg$ 9 ! fissures1 n[ made its escape 9 innum]able t9y fla%+ rills & cat>acts4 ,! mass ?us dis5gag$ at fir/ disappe>$ :olly "u wat]1 & no?+ c\ld be se5 b a viol5t see?+ ( ! sea1 & ! asc5t ( cl\ds ( glitt]+ spray1 su* z t :i* occurs at ! foot ( a great wat]fall4 ,b aft] a %ort "t x reappe>$1 rais+ its head fully a hundr$ feet above ! surface1 ) wat] /ream+ d[n on e side2 & !n lab\r+1 z if d\btful :i* way x %\ld fall1 x roll$ ov]1 rock$ to & fro = a few m9utes1 & f9ally became settl$4 ,on approa*+ & measur+ x1 ,bee*ey f\nd x to be ne>ly a qu>t] ( a mile 9 circumf]5ce1 & sixty feet out ( ! wat]4 ,kn[+ its specific gravity1 & mak+ a fair all[ance = its inequalities1 he comput$ its weight at #dba1ffj tons4 ,9 ,p>ry's fir/ voyage he pass$ 9 "o day fifty iceb]gs ( l>ge dim5sions1 j aft] cross+ ! ,arctic ,circle2 & on ! foll[+ day a /ill m ext5d$ *a9 ( ice-peaks ( /ill l>g] size1 aga9/ :i* a heavy s\!rly swell 0 viol5tly driv51 da%+ ! loose ice ) trem5d\s =ce1 sometimes fl++ a :ite spray ov] !m to ! height ( m ?an "o hundr$ feet1 & accompani$ by a l\d noise 8exactly resembl+ ! ro> ( di/ant ?und]40 ,betwe5 "o ( ^! b]gs & a deta*$ floe ! ,hecla1 ,p>ry's %ip1 _h ne>ly1 z ! :al]s say1 be5 8nipp$10 or cru%$4 ,! b]g 0 ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty feet high1 & agr\nd 9 "o hundr$ & tw5ty fa?oms1 s t its :ole height mu/ h exce$$ eight hundr$ feet2 t is1 x 0 ( a bulk equal to ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,d[n 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight4 ,9 8 second voyage ,p>ry speaks ( fifty-f\r iceb]gs visible at "o "t1 "s ( :i* 7 n less ?an two hundr$ feet above ! sea2 & aga9 ( ?irty ( ^! huge masses1 _m ( !m :irl$ ab\t by ! tides l /raws on a mill-/ream4 ,iceb]gs c orig9ate only 9 regions :]e glaci]s ab\nd3 ! =m] are ! (fspr+ ( ! latt]1 & :]e l& unsuitable to ! production ( ! latt] does n exi/1 ! =m] are nev] f\nd4 ,h5ce1 9 ,baff9 ,bay1 :]e /eep cliffs ( cold granite fr[n ov] almo/ fa?omless wat]s1 ! 8mon>* ( glacial =mations0 floats sl[ly f ! rav9e :i* has be5 its bir?place1 until fairly laun*$ into ! dep?s ( ocean1 &1 8aft] long ye>s10 drifts into ! w>m] regions ( ! ,atlantic to assi/ 9 ! pres]vation ( ,nature's laws ( equilibrium ( temp]ature ( ! air & wat]4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 m5 ( sci5ce1 &1 among/ o!rs1 ! ,fr5* philosoph] ,/4 ,pi]re1 believ$ t iceb]gs 7 ! sn[ & ice ( ages accumulat$ ^u an ,arctic sea1 :i*1 =m+ at ! ,poles1 deta*$ !mselves f ! p>5t mass4 ,su* an hypo!sis naturally gave rise to _m !ories1 n less +5i\s ?an />tl+1 z to ! effect an incessant accumulation ( ice mu/ produce on ! globe itself2 & ,/4 ,pi]re h9t$ at ! possibility ( ! huge 8domes ( ice0--:i*1 z he suppos$1 rose to an imm5se height 9 ! ke5 fro/y heav5s ( ! ,poles--sudd5ly laun*+ t[>ds ! ,equator1 dissolv+ "u a tropical sun1 & result+ 9 a second deluge6 ,9 simple language ,pr(essor ,tyndall furni%es an explanation ( ! orig9 ( iceb]gs1 :i* we may transf] to ^! pages z supplem5t>y to ! prec$+ rem>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,orig9 ( ,,iceb]gs--,,ext5sion ,,( ,a ,,glaci] ,,seaw>ds4 ,:at is _! orig98 he asks2 & he replies1 z we h done1 ! ,arctic glaci]s4 ,f ! m\nta9s 9 ! int]ior ! indurat$ sn[s slide into ! valleys1 & fill !m ) ice4 ,! glaci]s ?us creat$ move1 l ! ,swiss ones1 incessantly d[nw>d4 ,b ! ,arctic glaci]s desc5d to ! sea1 & ev5 ent] x1 frequ5tly pl\gh+ up its bottom into subm>9e mora9es4 ,und]m9$ by ! cont9u\s action ( ! waves1 & unable to resi/ ! pressure ( _! own weight1 !y break across1 & dis*>ge enorm\s masses into ! ocean4 ,"s ( ^! drift on ! adjac5t %ores1 & (t5 ma9ta9 !mselves = ye>s4 ,o!rs float away to ! s\?w>d1 & pass into ! broad ,atlantic1 :]e !y are f9ally dissolv$4 ,b a va/ am\nt ( heat is dem&$ = ! simple liquefaction ( ice1 & ! melt+ ( iceb]gs is on ?is acc\nt s sl[ t1 :5 l>ge1 !y sometimes ma9ta9 !mselves till !y h be5 drift$ two ?\s& miles f _! place ( bir?4 ,iceb]gs1 !n1 are fre%-wat] =mations1 & ?\gh !y are f\nd on a colossal scale only 9 ! ,pol> seas1 yet !y are by no means uncommon among ! l(ty ,alp9e lakes4 ,! mon>* ( ,european ice-riv]s is ! great ,alets* glaci]1 at ! head ( ! valley ( ! ,rhone4 ,x is ab\t tw5ty miles 9 l5g?1 & collects its mat]ials f ! sn[-drifts ( ! gr&e/ m\nta9s ( ! ,b]nese ,ob]l&--! ,jungfrau1 ! ,mn*1 ! ,trugb]g1 ! ,alets*horn1 ! ,brei?orn1 & ! ,glets*]horn4 ,f ! peak ( ! ggis*horn ! ,alp9e travell] obta9s a f9e view ( its riv]-l c\rse1 & he sees b5ea? him1 on ! "r h&1 & surr\nd$ by %elt]+ m\nta9s1 an object ( almo/ />tl+ beauty4 8,yond]10 says ,tyndall1#f 8we see ! nak$ side ( ! glaci]1 expos+ gli/5+ ice-cliffs sixty or sev5ty feet high4 ,x w\ld seem z if ! ,alets* "h 7 engag$ 9 ! va9 attempt to ?ru/ an arm ?r\gh a lat]al valley4 ,x once did s2 b ! arm is n[ incessantly brok5 (f close to ! body ( ! glaci]1 a great space =m]ly cov]$ by ! ice be+ occupi$ by its wat] ( liquefaction4 ,9 ?is way a lake ( ! lovelie/ blue is =m$1 :i* rea*es q to ! base ( ! ice-cliffs1 saps !m1 z ! ,arctic waves sap ! ,gre5l& glaci]s1 & receives f !m ! brok5 masses :i* x has und]m9$4 ,z we look d[n ^u ! lake1 small iceb]gs sail ov] ! tranquil surface1 ea* resembl+ a sn[y swan accompani$ by its %ad[40 ,?is lake is ! ,mrjel5 ,sea ( ! ,swiss4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,alets* ,,glaci]1 ,,switz]l&1 ,,f ,,! ,,ggis*horn1 ,,%[+ ,,its ,,mora9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,m,,rjel5 ,,sea1 ,,switz]l&4 ,pr(essor ,tyndall goes on to describe a spectacle :i* he witness$1 & :i*1 z we h se51 is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! ,arctic ,seas4 ,a l>ge & lonely iceb]g 0 float+ 9 ! middle ( ! lake4 ,sudd5ly he he>d a s\nd l t ( a cat>act1 & on look+ t[>ds ! iceb]g c\ld see ! wat] teem+ f its sides4 ,:5ce came ! wat]8 ,! b]g _h become top-heavy ?r\gh ! melt+ und]nea?2 x 0 9 ! act ( p]=m+ a som]sault1 & 9 roll+ ov] c>ri$ ) x a va/ quantity ( wat]1 :i* ru%$ l a wat]fall d[n its sides4 ,& ! iceb]g1 :i*1 b a mom5t be=e1 0 sn[y :ite1 n[ exhibit$ ! delicate blue col\r *>act]i/ic ( compact ice4 ,x w\ld soon1 h[ev]1 be r5d]$ :ite aga9 by ! action ( ! sun4 ,we may contra/ ?is picture ( ! solit>y iceb]g 9 ! c5tre ( ! d>k-blue lake ) "o :i* ,dr4 ,hayes describes 9 8 picturesque voyage 9 ! op5 ,pol> ,sea4 ,aft] pass+ ,up]navik he saw a heavy l9e ( iceb]gs ly+ across 8 c\rse1 & hav+ no alt]native1 %ot 9 among !m4 ,"s ( !m prov$ to be ( imm5se size--upw>ds ( two hundr$ feet 9 height1 & a mile 9 l5g?2 o!rs 7 n l>g] ?an ! s*oon] :i* w\nd h] way among/ !m4 ,_! =ms 7 z v>i\s z _! dim5sions1 f solid wall-sid$ masses ( dead :it5ess1 ) wat]falls tumbl+ f !m1 to an old wea!r-worn accumulation ( ,go?ic spires1 ^: cry/al peaks & %>p angles melt$ into ! blue sky4 ,!y seem$ to be endless & innum]able1 & s close toge!r t at a little di/ance !y appe>$ to =m ^u ! sea an unbrok5 canopy ( ice4 ,dr4 ,hayes records an adv5ture :i* may s]ve to give ! read] an idea ( ! nature ( ! p]ils enc\nt]$ by ! ,arctic explor]4 ,! ocean-curr5t 0 c>ry+ 8 s*oon] t[>ds a labyr9? ( iceb]gs at an uncom=tably rapid rate4 ,a boat 0 !re=e l[]$1 to moor a cable to a b]g :i* lay gr\nd$ at ab\t a hundr$ y>ds di/ant4 ,:ile ?is 0 be+ done ! s*oon] absolutely graz$ ! side ( a b]g :i* rose a hundr$ feet above h] topma/s1 & !n slipp$ pa/ ano!r ( small] dim5sions4 ,b a /rong eddy at ?is mom5t c>ri$ h] aga9/ a huge float+ mass1 & ?\gh ! %ock 0 slight1 x prov$ suffici5t to dis5gage "s fragm5ts ( ice l>ge en\gh to h cru%$ ! vessel _h !y /ruck h]4 ,! b]g !n began to revolve1 sl[ly & pond]\sly1 & to settle sl[ly ov] ! ?reat5$ %ip1 ^: de/ruction seem$ a ?+ ( c]ta9ty4 ,=tunately1 %e 0 sav$ by ! action ( ! b]g4 ,an imm5se mass broke (f f t "p :i* lay b5ea? ! wat]-surface1 & ?is colossal fragm5t1 a doz5 times l>g] ?an ! s*oon]1 came ru%+ up )9 a few y>ds ( !m1 s5d+ a va/ volume ( foam & wat] fly+ f its sides4 ,?is rupture arre/$ ! rotatory motion ( ! b]g1 :i* !n began to settle 9 ano!r direction1 & ! s*oon] 0 able to %e] (f4 ,at ?is mom5t ! crew 7 />tl$ by a l\d report4 ,ano!r & ano!r foll[$ 9 quick succession1 until ! d9 grew deaf5+1 & ! :ole air seem$ a res]voir ( *aotic s\nds4 ,! opposite side ( ! b]g _h split (f1 piece aft] piece1 toppl+ a va/ volume ( ice into ! sea1 & s5d+ ! b]g revolv+ back ^u ! %ip4 ,!n ! side ne>e/ to !m und]w5t ! same s+ul> process ( disruption1 & came plung+ wildly d[n into ! sea1 s5d+ ov] !m a %[] ( spray1 & rais+ a swell :i* rock$ ! %ip to & fro z 9 a gale ( w9d1 & left h] gr9d+ 9 ! dbris ( ! crumbl+ ru94 8,! ice 0 "h1 ,! ice 0 !re1 ,! ice 0 all ar\nd2 ,x creak$ & gr[l$1 ,& ro>$ & h[l$1 ,l demons 9 a sw\nd40 ,x is impossible1 we %\ld say1 = any "o :o has n _h actual exp]i5ce ( ! conditions ( ! ,arctic _w1 to compreh5d or imag9e ! imm5se quantity ( ice upborne on its cold bleak wat]s4 ,! m]e enum]ation ( ! float+ b]gs at times defies ! navigator4 ,dr4 ,hayes once c\nt$ z f> z five hundr$1 & !n gave up 9 despair4 ,ne> by !y /ood out1 he says1 9 all ! rugg$ h>%ness ( _! %>p outl9es2 & f ?is1 s(t5+ ) ! di/ance1 !y melt$ away into ! cle> gray sky2 & !re1 f> (f ^u ! sea ( liquid silv]1 ! imag9ation conjur$ up ! /range/ & mo/ wond]ful gr\ps & objects4 ,birds & bea/s & human =ms & ar*itectural designs took %ape 9 ! di/ant masses ( blue & :ite4 ,! dome ( ,/4 ,pet]'s 0 recognizable "h2 !n ! spire ( a village *ur* rose %>p & di/9ct2 & "u ! %ad[ ( ! ,pyramids ne/l$ a ,byzant9e t[] & a ,grecian temple4 8,to ! ea/w>d10 says ,dr4 ,hayes1 describ+ a simil> sc5e1 8! sea 0 dott$ ) little islets--d>k specks ^u a brilliant surface4 ,iceb]gs1 great & small1 cr[d$ ?r\gh ! *annels :i* divid$ !m1 until 9 ! f> di/ance !y appe>$ mass$ toge!r1 t]m9at+ aga9/ a sn[-cov]$ pla9 t slop$ upw>d until x 0 lo/ 9 a dim l9e ( blui% :it5ess4 ,?is l9e c\ld be trac$ beh9d ! s]rat$ coa/ z f> to ! nor? & s\? z ! eye c\ld c>ry4 ,x 0 ! great ,m] de ,glace#g :i* cov]s ! l5g? & bread? ( ! ,gre5l& cont95t4 ,! sn[-cov]$ slope 0 a glaci] desc5d+ !refrom--! p>5t /em f :i* _h be5 dis*>g$1 at irregul> int]vals1 _m ( ! iceb]gs :i* tr\bl$ u s mu*40 ,we h n[ br\ght toge!r a suffici5t numb] ( data to assi/ ! read] 9 =m+ a vivid conception ( ^? mon/]s ( ! ,pol> ,seas1 ! iceb]gs2 & to enable him1 unless he is v sl[ ( imag9ation1 to realize to himself :at !y are1 & :at _! g5]al aspect is4 ,b we may add "o int]e/+ detail1 notic$ by ,mr4 ,lam5t1 ! p]sev]+ seal-hunt]1 :i* is v g5]ally ov]look$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! brief ,arctic summ] ! increas$ sol> w>m? has a p]ceptible effect ^u ! solid ice1 & x becomes und]m9$ & honeycomb$1 or1 z ! sailors call x1 8rott510 l a *alk cliff4 ,x decays fa/e/1 app>5tly1 8betwe5 w9d & wat]10 s t enorm\s cav]ns are excavat$ 9 ! sides ( ! b]gs4 ,poets nev] dream$ ( any?+ m beautiful ?an ^! cry/al vaults1 :i* sometimes appe> ( a deep ultram>9e blue1 & at o!rs ( an em]ald-gre5 t9t4 ,"o c\ld fancy !m ! fav\rite haunts ( m]maids & m]m51 & ( e k9d ( sea mon/]2 b1 9 tru?1 no animal ev] ent]s !m2 ! wat] da%+ 9 & out ?r\gh _! icy caves & tunnels makes a sonor\s b r monoton\s & melan*oly s\nd4 ,9 mod]ately calm wea!r _m ( ^! excavat$ b]gs assume ! =m ( gigantic mu%rooms1 & all k9ds ( fanta/ic outl9es2 b z soon z a breeze ( w9d arises !y break up into little pieces ) great rapidity4 ,iceb]gs are met ) on e side ( ! ,s\!rn ,pole1 & on e m]idian ( ! great ,ant>ctic ,ocean4 ,b su* is n ! case 9 ! ,nor?4 ,9 ! #cfj? m]idian ( longitude :i* int]sects ! p>allel ( #gj ,n41 iceb]gs spread ov] an ext5t only ( ab\t fifty-five degrees1 & ?is is imm$iately 9 & ab\t ,gre5l& & ,baff9 ,bay4 ,or1 z ,admiral ,osborn puts x1 = #a1cge miles ( longitude we h iceb]gs1 & !n = #g1fce geographical miles none are met )4 ,?is fact is1 z ! same writ] calls x1 mo/ int]e/+1 & po9ts /rongly to ! probability t no ext5sive area ( l& exi/s ab\t ! ,nor? ,pole2 a supposition /r5g!n$ by ano!r fact1 t ! va/ ice-fields (f ,spitzb]g5 %[ no signs ( ev] hav+ be5 9 contact ) l& or gravel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fall ,,( ,,an ,,iceb]g4 ,ano!r difficulty :i* besets ! ,arctic navigator is ! 8pack-ice40 ,9 w9t]1 ! ice f ! ,nor? ,pole desc5ds s f> s\? z to r5d] ! coa/ ( ,newf\ndl& inaccessible2 x envelops ,gre5l&1 sometimes ev5 ,icel&1 & always surr\nds & blocks up ,spitzb]g5 & ,novaia ,zemlaia4 ,b z ! sun comes nor? ?is va/ froz5 expanse1 :i* /ret*es ov] sev]al ?\s&s ( squ>e miles1 breaks up into enorm\s masses4 ,:5 ^! ext5d horizontally = a consid]able di/ance !y are call$ ice-fields4 ,a floe is a deta*$ portion ( a field2 a l>ge area ( floes1 closely compact toge!r1 is kn[n z pack-ice2 :ile drift-ice is loose ice 9 motion1 & n s firmly weld$ z to prev5t a %ip f =c+ h] way ?r\gh ! yield+ fragm5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,an ,,ice-,,pack1 ,,melville ,,bay4 ,?is 8pack-ice10 h[ev]1 is ! great ob/acle to ,arctic exploration2 & frequ5tly x pres5ts a b>ri] :i* no human ent]prise or skill c ov]pass4 ,at times1 x has be5 f\nd possible to cut a *annel ?r\gh x1 or x breaks up & op5s a wat]-way ?r\gh :i* ! bold adv5tur] /e]s4 ,9 #ahjf1 ,capta9 ,scoresby =c$ 8 %ip ?r\gh two hundr$ & fifty miles ( pack-ice1 9 imm95t p]il1 until he rea*$ ! p>allel ( #ha #ej'1--;8 ne>e/ approa* to ! ,pole4 ,9 #ahbg1 ,sir ,edw>d ,p>ry ga9$ ! latitude ( #hb #de'1 by dragg+ a boat ov] ! ice-fields1 b 0 !n compell$ to ab&on 8 d>+ & haz>d\s attempt1 because ! curr5t c>ri$ ! ice s\?w>d m rapidly ?an he c\ld trav]se x to ! nor?4 ,9 w>m summ]s ?is mass ( ice w sudd5ly cle> away & leave an op5 /reak ( silv] sea along ! we/ coa/ ( ,spitzb]g51 v>y+ 9 wid? f sixty to "o hundr$ & fifty miles1 & rea*+ z high z #hj or #hj #cj' ,n4 latitude4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ?is *annel t ,scoresby bore 8 %ip on ! exp$ition to :i* we h j allud$4 ,a direct c\rse f ! ,?ames1 across ! ,pole1 to ,behr+ ,/rait is #c1egj geographical miles2 by ,lanca/] ,s\nd x is #d1ffj miles4 ,! ,russians w\ld be sav$ a voyage ( #ah1jjj geographical miles c\ld !y /rike across ! ,pole & ?r\gh ,behr+ ,/rait to ,briti% ,columbia1 in/ead ( go+ by ,cape ,horn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*annel ,,9 ,,an ,,ice-,,field4 ,ice-fields1 tw5ty to ?irty miles across1 are ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! great ,nor!rn ,ocean2 sometimes !y ext5d fully "o hundr$ miles1 s closely & solidly pack$ t no op5+1 ev5 = a boat1 int]v5es betwe5 !m2 !y v>y 9 ?ickness f t5 to =ty or ev5 fifty feet4 ,at times ^! fields1 :i* are _m ?\s& millions ( tons 9 weight1 acquire a rapid rotatory motion1 & da% aga9/ "o ano!r ) a fury ( :i* no words c give an accurate idea4 ,! read] kn[s :at awful results are produc$ by ! collision ( two railway tra9s1 & may succe$1 p]haps1 9 =m+ "s feeble conception ( ?is /ill m appall+ sc5e :5 he rememb]s ! huge dim5sions & solidity ( ! oppos+ =ces4 ,! wat]s see! & foam1 z if la%$ by a trem5d\s tempe/2 ! air is smitt5 into /illness by ! *aos ( s\nds1 ! creak+1 & r5d+1 & crack+1 & heav+1 z ! two ice-fields are hurl$ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,illu/ration3 8,,nipp$0 ,,9 ,,an ,,ice-,,field4 ,woe to ! %ip caught betwe5 ^! gr9d+ masses6 ,no vessel ev] built by human h&s c\ld resi/ _! pressure2 & _m a :al]1 navigat+ amid ! float+ fields1 especially 9 foggy wea!r1 has ?us be5 doom$ to de/ruction4 ,"s h be5 caught up l re$s1 & flung helplessly ^u ! ice2 o!rs h be5 ov]run by ! ice1 & buri$ b5ea? ! accumulat$ fragm5ts2 o!rs h be5 da%$ to pieces1 & h gone d[n sudd5ly ) all on bo>d4 ,! records ( ,arctic exploration are full ( /ories ( 8hairbread? escapes0 f ! p]ils ( ! ice-field & ! ice-floe4 ,"h is "o :i* we borr[ f ! voyage ( ! ,doro!a & ! ,tr5t1 "u ,capta9 ,bu*an & ,lieut5ant ,frankl94 ,! two vessels 7 mak+ = ,magdal5a ,bay1 :5 !y 7 caught 9 a viol5t /orm1 & compell$ to heave-to "u /orm /ay-sails4 ,next morn+ 7,june #cj7 ! ice 0 se5 along ! lee1 ) a furi\s sea break+ ^u x4 ,close-reef$ sails 7 out 9 ! hope ( wea!r+ ! dang]4 ,:5 ,bu*an f\nd t ?is c\ld n be effect$ by 8 %ip1 a sl[ & heavy sail]1 he resolv$ on ! desp]ate exp$i5t ( 8tak+ ! pack10 9 pref]5ce to fall+1 broadside on1 among ! ro>+ break]s & cra%+ ice4 8,heav5 help !m60 0 ! involunt>y cry ( ^? on bo>d ! ,tr5t1 & ! pray] 0 all ! m e>ne/ f ! conviction t a simil> fate w\ld soon be _! own4 ,! ,doro!a wore1 &1 impell$ by w9d & sea1 ru%$ t[>ds :at seem$ inevitable de/ruction2 ^? 9 ! ,tr5t held _! brea? :ile !y wat*$ ! p]il\s exploit4 ,! susp5se la/$ b a mom5t1 = ! vessel1 l a sn[-flake be=e ! /orm1 drove into ! awful sc5e ( foam1 & spray1 & brok5 ice1 :i* =m$ a wall imp5etrable to mortal eyesight4 ,:e!r %e 0 lo/ or sav$1 ! gallant he>ts on bo>d ! ,tr5t w\ld nev] "k until !y too 7 =c$ into a manuvre :i* appe>$ l ru%+ into ! jaws ( dea?4 ,b x 0 inevitable2 & :5 ,frankl9 _h made all 8 prep>ations1 he gave1 9 firm1 decisive tones1 ! ord] to 8put up ! helm40 ,no language1 says ,admiral ,bee*ey1 :o 0 !n s]v+ z a lieut5ant on bo>d ! ,tr5t1 c convey an adequate idea ( ! t]rific gr&eur ( ! effects produc$ by ! collision ( ! ice & ! tempe/u\s ocean4 ,no language1 on ! o!r h&1 c convey an idea ( ! h]oic calmness & resolution ( ,frankl9 & 8 crew4 ,z !y approa*$ ! t]rible sc5e1 ,frankl9 wat*$ = "o op5+ less haz>d\s ?an ano!r2 b !re 0 none4 ,be=e !m /ret*$ "o long l9e ( frightful break]s1 imm5se blocks ( ice heav+1 re>+1 & hurtl+ aga9/ "o ano!r ) a d9 :i* r5d]$ ! l\d voice ( ! gallant comm&] almo/ inaudible4 ,on ! cre/ ( a huge bill[ ! little ,tr5t ru%$ into ! horrible turmoil2 a %ock1 :i* quiv]$ ?r\gh ! %ip f /em to /]n1 & ! crew 7 flung ^u ! deck1 & ! ma/s b5t l will[ w&s4 8,hold on1 = y\r lives1 & /& to ! helm1 lads60 %\t$ ,frankl94 8,ay1 ay1 sir10 0 ! /eady response f _m a h]oic he>t4 ,a bill[ came ?und]+ aga9/ ! /]n ( ! brig2 w\ld ! brig be engulf$1 or w\ld %e drive be=e x8 ,happily1 %e =g$ ahead1 ?\gh %ak+ l a sp5t race-horse1 & ) e timb] /ra9+ & creak+4 ,n[1 ?r[n broadside on1 h] side 0 remorselessly batt]$ by ! floe pieces2 !n1 toss$ by ! sea ov] ice-block aft] ice-block1 %e seem$ l a play?+ 9 ! grasp ( an irresi/ible p[]4 ,= "s h\rs ?is sev]e trial ( /r5g? & =titude endur$2 !n ! /orm subsid$ z rapidly z x _h aris51 & _! gratitude = _! own escape 0 m+l$ ) joy at ! safety ( ! ,doro!a1 :i* !y c\ld see 9 ! di/ance1 /ill afloat1 & ) h] crew 9 safety4 ,on ,capta9 ,p>ry's second exp$ition1 9 #ahbb1 8 %ips1 ! ,hecla & ! ,fury1 7 plac$ 9 a position ( sc>cely less dang]4 ,?us we read ( ! ,hecla1 :i* at ! "t _h be5 made fa/ by means ( cables to ! l&-ice1 t a v heavy & ext5sive floe caught h] on h] broadside1 &1 be+ back$ by ano!r l>ge body ( ice1 gradually lift$ h] /]n z if by ! action ( a w$ge4 ,! weight e mom5t increas+1 h] crew 7 oblig$ to ve] on ! haws]s1 ^: friction 0 s great z ne>ly to cut ?r\gh ! bitt-heads1 & ultimately set !m on fire1 s t x became requisite to p\r ^u !m buckets ( wat]4 ,at l5g? ! pressure prov$ irresi/ible2 ! cables snapp$2 b z ! sea 0 too full ( ice to all[ ! %ip to drive1 ! only way 9 :i* %e c\ld yield to ! enorm\s burd5 br\ght to be> ^u h] 0 by lean+ ov] ! l&-ice1 :ile h] /]n at ! same "t 0 lift$ clean out ( ! wat] = fully five feet4 ,_h ano!r floe back$ ! "o :i* lift$ h]1 ! %ip mu/ inevitably h roll$ broadside ov]1 or be5 r5t 9 twa94 ,b ! pressure :i* _h be5 s dang]\s ev5tually prov$ its safety2 =1 ow+ to its increas+ weight1 ! floe on :i* %e 0 c>ri$ bur/ upw>ds1 unable to resi/ its =ce4 ,! ,hecla !n right$1 & a small *annel op5+ up amid ! driv+ ice1 %e 0 soon got into comp>atively smoo? wat]4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 %ortly be=e noon1 a heavy floe1 measur+ "s miles 9 l5g?1 came d[n t[>ds ! ,fury1 excit+ ! grave/ appreh5sions = h] safety4 ,9 a few m9utes x came 9 contact1 at ! rate ( a mile & a half an h\r1 ) a po9t ( ! l&-ice1 break+ x up ) a trem5d\s ro>1 & =c+ numb]less imm5se masses1 p]haps _m tons 9 weight1 to ! height ( fifty or sixty feet2 :5ce !y aga9 roll$ d[n on ! inn] or l& side1 & 7 quickly succe$$ by a fre% supply4 ,:ile !y 7 compell$ to rema9 passive spectators ( ?is gr& b t]rific sight1 be+ )9 five or six hundr$ y>ds ( ! po9t1 ! dang] !y incurr$ 0 tw(old3 fir/1 le/ ! floe %\ld sw+ 9 & s]ve ! %ip 9 ! same unc]emoni\s mann]2 &1 secondly1 le/ its pressure %\ld deta* ! l&-ice to :i* !y 7 secur$1 & ca/ !m adrift at ! m]cy ( ! tides4 ,=tunately1 nei!r ( ^! t]rible alt]natives occurr$1 ! floe rema9+ /ation>y = ! re/ ( ! tide1 & sett+ (f ) ! ebb :5 ! tide soon aft]w>ds turn$4 ,! read] mu/ n imag9e t an ice-field is a smoo? & uni=m pla91 z level z an ,engli% mead[2 x is1 on ! contr>y1 a rugg$ succession ( holl[s1 & ( protub]ances call$ 8hummocks10 int]sp]s$ ) pools ( wat]1 & occasionally int]sect$ by deep fissures4 ,9 _m p>ts x c be comp>$ only to a promiscu\s accumulation ( rocks closely pack$ toge!r1 & pil$ up ov] ! ext5sive dre>y space 9 great heaps & endless ridges1 leav+ sc>cely a foot ( level surface1 & compell+ ! travell] to ?read 8 way z be/ he c among ! p]plex+ inequalities2 sometimes m\nt+ unavoidable ob/ructions to an elevation ( t51 & aga9 m ?an a hundr$ feet1 above ! g5]al level4 ,! int]spaces betwe5 ^! closely accumulat$ ice-masses are fill$ up to "s ext5t ) drift$ sn[4 ,n[1 let ! read] endeav\r to =m a def9ite idea ( ! sc5e pres5t$ by an ice-field4 ,let him wat* ! sl[ progress ( ! sl$ges z !y w9d ?r\gh ! labyr9? ( brok5 ice-tables1 ! m5 & dogs pull+ & pu%+ up _! respective loads1 z ,napoleon's soldi]s may h done :5 draw+ _! artill]y ?r\gh ! rugg$ ,alp9e passes1 or ,"l ,napi]'s h]oes :5 !y scal$ ! /eep ,abyss9ian heights4 ,he w see !m clamb]+ ov] ! v summit ( l(ty ridges1 :]e no gap occurs1 & aga9 desc5d+ on ! o!r side1 ! sl$ge frequ5tly toppl+ ov] a precipice1 sometimes capsiz+1 & sometimes break+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,among ,,! ,,ice-,,hummocks4 ,aga93 he w see ! adv5tur\s p>ty1 :5 baffl$ 9 _! attempt to cross or f9d a pass1 break+ a track ) %ovel & h&spike2 or1 aga91 unable ev5 ) ^! appliances to accompli% _! end1 !y retreat to seek an easi] r\te4 ,p]haps !y are =tunate en\gh to discov] a k9d ( gap or gateway1 & ^u its w9d+ & unev5 surface accompli% a mile or s ) comp>ative ease4 ,! sn[-drifts sometimes prove an assi/ance1 b m frequ5tly an ob/ruction2 = ?\gh _! surface is always h>d1 x is n always firm to ! foot4 ,!n ! cru/ gives way1 & ! foot s9ks at ! v mom5t :5 ! o!r is lift$4 ,b1 worse ?an ?is1 ! *asms betwe5 ! hummocks may be ov]>*$ ) sn[ 9 su* a mann] z to leave a consid]able space at ! bottom void & empty2 !n1 :5 ev]y?+ looks auspici\s1 d[n s9ks "o ( ! hapless explor]s to 8 wai/1 ano!r to ! neck1 a ?ird is 8lo/ to sight10 ! sl$ge gives way1 & all is confusion worse conf\nd$6 ,to educe ord] out ( ! *aos is probably ! "w ( h\rs2 especially if ! sl$ge1 z is (t5 ! case1 mu/ be unload$4 ,n unfrequ5tly x is necess>y to c>ry ! c>go 9 two or ?ree loads2 ! sl$ges are com+ & go+ cont9ually2 & ! day is "o 8endless pull & haul40 ,dr4 ,hayes speaks ( an ice-floe1 cre/$ ) hummocks1 & cov]$ ) cru/$ sn[1 ! solid cont5ts ( :i* lie e/imat$1 9 r\nd numb]s1 at #f1jjj1jjj1jjj ( tons1 its dep? be+ ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty feet4 ,all ar\nd its bord] 0 bank$ up a k9d ( ramp>t ( la/ ye>'s ice1 ! l(tie/ p9nacle ( :i* rose fully "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet above ! sea-level4 ,?is ice-t[] consi/$ ( blocks ( ice ( e %ape & size1 pil$ "o ^u ano!r 9 ! greate/ disord]4 ,num]\s o!r t[]s1 or ba/ions1 equally rugg$1 ?\gh ( less elevation1 sprang f ! same ridge1 & f e "p ( ?is desolate area2 & 8if a ?\s& ,lisbons 7 cr[d$ toge!r & tumbl$ to pieces by ! %ock ( an e>?quake1 ! sc5e c\ld h>dly be m rugg$1 nor to cross ! ru9s a sev]] task40 ,we mu/ date ! orig9 ( a floe l ?is back to a v remote p]iod4 ,probably x 0 cradl$1 at ! outset1 9 "s deep recess ( ! l&1 :]e x rema9$ until x _h accumulat$ to a ?ickness :i* defi$ ! summ]'s sun & ! w9t]'s w9ds4 ,!n x w\ld gr[1 z ! glaci] gr[s1 f above2 =1 l ! glaci]1 x is :olly compos$ ( fre% ice--t is1 ( froz5 sn[4 ,?us x w be se51 to quote ,dr4 ,hayes once m1 t ! accumulation ( ice ^u ! m\nta9-tops is 9 n[ise diff]5t f ! accumulation :i* takes place ^u ^! float+ fields1 :]e e recurr+ ye> m>ks an addition to _! dep?4 ,va/ z !y are to ! sight1 & pigmies z !y are comp>$ ) ! inl& ,m] de ,glace1 yet1 9 all t conc]ns _! gr[?1 !y are truly glaci]s1 dw>f float+ glaci]s4 ,t only 9 ?is mann] c !y gr[ to s great a dep? w at once be conc$$ by ! read]1 if he recollects t ice soon rea*es a maximum ?ickness by direct freez+1 & t its gr[? is arre/$ by a natural law4 ,necess>ily1 ?is maximum ?ickness v>ies accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! locality3 b ! ice is 9 itself ! sea's protection4 ,! cold air _c absorb ! w>m? ( ! wat] ?r\gh m ?an a c]ta9 ?ickness ( ice1 & t ?ickness atta9s a f9al limit long be=e ! w9t] has rea*$ its close4 ,! dep? ( ice =m$ on ! fir/ night is great] ?an t =m$ on ! second2 on ! second is great] ?an on ! ?ird2 on ! ?ird great] ?an on ! f\r?2 & s x cont9ues1 until ! increase no long] takes place4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ratio ( increase ( ! ?ickness ( ice is 9 inv]se proportion to ! duration ( ! p]iod ( freez+4 ,!re comes a "t :5 ! wat] b5ea? ! ice no long] congeals1 because ! ice-cru/ above x protects x f ! action ( ! atmosph]e4 ,dr4 ,hayes ass]ts t he nev] saw an ,arctic ice-table =m$ by direct freez+ t exce$$ eighte5 feet2 & he ju/ly adds1 t 7 x n = ?is all-wise provision ( ! ,deity1--?is natural law1 z our m5 ( sci5ce t]m x1--! ,arctic wat]s w\ld1 ages ago1 h be5 solid seas ( ice to _! pr(\nde/ dep?s4 ,hav+ said ?us mu* ab\t ! v>i\s =ms :i* ! ice assumes 9 ! ,pol> seas1--ab\t _! iceb]gs & ice-fields1 pack-ice & drift-ice1 & ! ?ick belt ( ice :i* surr\nds _! %ores1--we may n[ direct ! read]'s att5tion to _! ,animal ,life2 to ! creatures :i* inhabit !m1 walrus & seal & :ale1 ! fi%es1 ! molluscs1 & ev5 m9ut] organisms4 ,& fir/ we %all beg9 ) ! ,walrus1 :i* f9ds a cong5ial home 9 ! ,arctic wild]nesses4 ,walrus-hunt+ is ! pr9cipal1 or at all ev5ts ! mo/ lucrative1 occupation ( ! ,norse fi%]m51 :o annually betake !mselves to ! *e]less %ores oi ,spitzb]g5 9 se>* ( booty4 ,_! life is a t]ribly h>d & dang]\s "o2 & ,mr4 ,lamont1 :o has _h mu* exp]i5ce ( !m1 obs]ves t !y all h a re/less1 we>y look ab\t ! eyes1--a look z if contract$ by be+ p]petually 9 ! pres5ce ( p]il4 ,!y are wild1 r\gh1 & reckless2 b !y are also bold1 h>dy1 & endur+ ( cold1 hung]1 fatigue2 active & en]getic :ile at sea1 ?\gh sadly intemp]ate dur+ _! w9t]-holiday4 ,! vessels engag$ 9 ! seal-fi%]y & walrus-hunt+ are fitt$ out by ! m]*ants ( ,tromse & ,hamm]fe/1 :o h1 ( late ye>s1 adopt$ ! sy/em ( %>+ _! proce$s ) _! crews1 ?us giv+ !m a direct int]e/ 9 ! prosp]ity ( ! exp$ition4 ,! %ip is fitt$ out & provision$ by ! own]s1 :o also advance to ! m5 :at money !y may require to pur*ase clo?+ & to make provision = _! families dur+ _! abs5ce4 ,!n !y allot "o-?ird ( ! gross receipts ( ! adv5ture to ! crew1 divid+ x into %>es1 ?ree = ! capta91 two = ! h>poone]1 & "o ea* = ! common m54 ,s t if a fairly successful voyage %\ld realize 9 sk9s1 blubb]1 & ivory a sum ( two ?\s& doll>s1 & ! numb] ( h&s am\nts to t51 ! usual /r5g? ( a seal-%ip's crew1 ea* w receive =ty-sev5 & a half doll>s1 or ab\t #aj1--;a v consid]able sum = a ,norwegian4 ,ea* %ip c>ries a c\ple ( boats1 & a walrus-boat1 capable ( hold+ five m51 :i* measures tw5ty-"o feet 9 l5g? by five feet beam1 hav+ h] ma9 bread? at ab\t sev5 feet f ! b[4 ,%e is b[-%ap$ at bo? ends1 & s built z to turn easily on h] own c5tre1 besides be+ /rong1 light1 & easy to r[4 ,ea* man plies a pair ( o>s hung 9 8grummets0 to /\t ?ole-p9s2 ! /e]sman directs ! boat by also r[+ a pair ( o>s1 b ) 8 face to ! b[2 & z !re are six ?w>ts1 he c1 if necess>y1 sit & r[ l ! o!rs4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! /r5g? ( ! m5 is economiz$1 & ! boat is m swiftly turn$ :5 9 pursuit ( ! walrus4 ,! /e]sman also acts z h>poone]1 &1 ( c\rse1 sits 9 ! b[4 ,! /ronge/ man 9 ! boat is usually plac$ next to him1 to hold & haul 9 ! l9e :5 a walrus is /ruck1 & x is 8 duty to h& ! h>poons & lances to ! h>poone] z requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hunt+ ,,! ,,walrus4 ,ea* boat--:i*1 by ! way1 is pa9t$ :ite1 s z to resemble ! ice among/ :i* x moves--is usually provid$ ) ?ree h>poon-heads inside ! b[1 on ea* side3 ^! fit into little racks ( pa9t$ canvas1 s t _! ke5 po9ts & edges may n be blunt$1 & to prev5t !m f injur+ ! m54 ,! h>poons s]ve equally well = seal & walrus1 &1 simple z !y seem & are1 answ] admirably ! purpose = :i* !y are design$4 ,! weapon is ?ru/ into ! animal2 its /ruggles tight5 ! l9e2 ! l>ge out] b>b !n cat*es up a loop ( its t5aci\s hide1 or ! t\gh reticulat$ fibres conta9+ its blubb]2 :ile ! small inn] b>b1 l t ( a fi%-hook1 prev5ts x f be+ deta*$ or loos5$4 ,:5 a walrus has be5 prop]ly /ruck1 & ! l9e haul$ taut1 x r>ely escapes4 ,to ea* h>poon a l9e ( twelve or fifte5 fa?oms long is atta*$3 a suffici5t l5g?1 z ! walrus is seldom f\nd 9 wat] m ?an fifte5 fa?oms deep2 & ev5 if ! wat] %\ld exce$ t dep?1 x _c drag ! boat "u1 because x is unable to ex]t its full /r5g? :5 subject$ to ! pressure ( twelve or fifte5 fa?oms ( wat]4 ,besides ! h>poons1 ea* boat is provid$ ) f\r or five enorm\s lances2 ! %aft be+ made ( p9e-wood1 n9e feet long1 & "o in* & a half ?ick at ! h&le1 increas+ upw>ds to a ?ickness ( two in*es & a half :]e x ent]s ! iron socket4 ,?is w\ld seem a =midable weapon1 & =midable x is 9 ! /\t h&s ( a ,norse h>poone]2 yet1 frequ5tly1 ! iron %ank is b5t d\ble1 or ! /rong %aft snapp$ l a re$1 9 ! viol5t resi/ance ( ! sea-horse2 &1 !re=e1 to prev5t ! head be+ lo/1 x is fa/5$ to ! %aft by a d\ble ?ong ( raw seal-sk91 ti$ r\nd ! %ank & nail$ to ! h&le = ab\t ?ree feet up4 ,! %aft may seem ( disproportionate l5g?1 b x is necess>y to give ! buoyancy suffici5t = float+ ! heavy iron spe> if x %\ld fall into ! wat]4 ,?is spe>1 or lance1 is n us$ = seals1 because x w\ld spoil ! sk9s4 ,not)/&+ ! de/ruction effect$ by ! ye>ly exp$itions ( ! walrus-hunt]s1 ! sea-horses are /ill f\nd 9 l>ge h]ds 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,pol> _w4 ,mr4 ,lamont describes a curi\s & excit+ spectacle1 :]e f\r l>ge flat iceb]gs 7 se5 to be s closely pack$ ) ^! animals t !y 7 sunk almo/ level ) ! wat]1 & pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( 8solid isl&s ( walrus60 ,! walrus lay ) _! heads recl9+ on "o ano!r's backs & h9d-qu>t]s1 j z rh9oc]oses lie asleep 9 ! d5se %ade ( ! ,african =e/s1 or1 to use a m commonplace b famili> comp>ison1 z hogs slumb] & wall[ 9 a ,briti% f>my>d4 ,su* a sight 0 a temptation n to be )/ood by a walrus-hunt]1 & ,mr4 ,lamont & 8 h>poone] spe$ily di/urb$ ! repose ( ! mon/]s1 :i* *iefly consi/$ ( c[s & "y bulls4 ,aft] slay+ _! victims1 & gett+ !m on bo>d1 came ! disagreeable b necess>y task ( sep>at+ ! blubb] f ! sk9s to /[ x 9 ! b>rels2 a process :i* is p]=m$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,across ! %ip's deck1 imm$iately aft ! hat*way1 is erect$ a k9d ( framework or /age ( /\t timb]1 ab\t f\r feet 9 height1 b slop+ d[n at an angle ( ab\t sixty degrees1 ) ! deck at ! =w>d side3 on ! o!r side x is p]p5dicul>1 & !re ! two specksione]s 7or 8blubb]-cutt]s07 po/ !mselves1 clad1 n 9 arm\r1 b 9 oil-sk9 f top to toe1 & arm$ ) l>ge ke5 knives1 curv$ on ! edge4 ,!n ! sk9s are hoi/$ out ( ! hold1 &1 two at a "t1 are susp5d$ across ! frame1 ) ! blubb] side upp]mo/3 ! fat1 or blubb]1 is next remov$ by a k9d ( m[+ motion ( ! knife1 :i* is held 9 bo? h&s1 & sway$ f left to "r4 ,only long practice1 & great /ead9ess ( wri/1 c give ! dext]ity requisite = ! due p]=mance ( ?is difficult op]ation4 ,ev5 9 sk9n+ a walrus1 skill is imp]ative4 ,z ! blubb] is m[n (f1 x is divid$ into slabs1 weigh+ tw5ty or ?irty p\nds ea*1 & flung d[n ! hat*way1 :]e two m5 are /ation$ to receive x1 & pack x into ! casks1 :i* :5 full are securely fa/5$ up4 ,! sk91 :i* is tak5 (f ! animal 9 two longitud9al halves1 is a valuable commodity1 & sells at ! rate ( f two to f\r doll>s p] half sk94 ,! pr9cipal pur*as]s are ! ,russian & ,sw$i% m]*ants1 & its pr9cipal uses are = h>ness & sole lea!r4 ,x is also twi/$ into till] ropes1 & employ$ to protect ! rigg+ ( %ips f friction4 ,! blubb] is valu$ on acc\nt ( ! oil2 b nei!r has ! walrus s mu* blubb]1 9 proportion to its size1 z ! seal1 nor does ! blubb] af=d s good an oil4 ,a seal ( #fjj lbs4 w c>ry #bjj to #bej lbs4 weight ( fat2 an ord9>y walrus1 weigh+ #bjjj lbs41 w n c>ry any m4 ,! mo/ pr(itable portion ( ! un=tunate sea-horse is its tusks1 :i* are compos$ ( v h>d1 d5se1 & :ite ivory4 ,?is ivory is n s good1 & consequ5tly does n comm& s high a price1 z elephant ivory1 b is 9 high repute = ! manufacture ( false tee?1 *essm51 umbrella h&les1 :i/les1 & o!r small articles4 ,! tusks are n an extra pair ( tee?1 b a developm5t & modification ( ! can9es4 ,= ab\t six or sev5 in*es ( _! l5g? !y are solidly set 9 ! mass ( h>d bone :i* =ms ! animal's upp] jaw4 ,s f> z !y are imb$d$ 9 ! head !y are holl[1 b mo/ly fill$ up ) a cellul> osse\s sub/ance conta9+ mu* oil2 ! rema9d] ( ! tusk is h>d & solid ?r\gh\t4 ,! "y walrus1 or calf1 has no tusks 9 its fir/ ye> ( exi/5ce2 b 9 its second1 :5 x is ab\t ! size ( a l>ge seal1 x has a pair ( mu* ! same size z ! can9es ( a lion4 ,9 ! ?ird ye> ! tusks measure ab\t six in*es 9 l5g?4 ,9 size & %ape !y v>y greatly1 accord+ to ! animal's age & sex4 ,a good pair ( bull's tusks1 says ,mr4 ,lamont1 w be tw5ty-f\r in*es ea* 9 l5g?1 & f\r p\nds ea* 9 weight2 b l>g] & heavi] specim5s are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,c[s' tusks1 x is said1 w av]age fully z long z ^? ( ! bulls1 because less liable to be brok51 b seldom weigh m ?an ?ree p\nds4 ,!y are g5]ally set mu* clos] toge!r ?an ! bull's tusks1 sometimes ev5 ov]lapp+ "o ano!r at ! po9ts2 :ile ^? ( ! bull w (t5 div]ge z mu* z fifte5 in*es4 ,9 sci5tific language ! walrus1 morse1 or sea-horse 7,tri*ecus71 belongs to a g5us ( amphibi\s mammals ( ! family ,phocid1 a family includ+ ! well-kn[n seals4 ,x agrees ) ! o!r memb]s ( t family 9 ! g5]al configuration ( ! body & limbs1 b di/9ctly diff]s f !m 9 ! head1 :i* is rem>kable1--z we h se51--= ! extraord9>y developm5t ( ! can9e tee? ( ! upp] jaw1 z also = ! protub]ant or swoll5 appe>ance ( ! muzzle1--due to ! size ( _! sockets & ! ?ickness ( ! upp] lip4 ,?is upp] lip is ?ickly set ) /rong1 transp>5t1 bri/ly hairs1 :i* measure ab\t six in*es 9 l5g?1 & are z ?ick z a cr[-quill4 ,! t]rific m\/a*e1 ) ! long :ite curv+ tusks1 ! ?ick project+ muzzle1 & ! fi]ce & blood%ot eyes1 give ,rosm>us tri*ecus a weird & almo/ demoniacal aspect z x re>s its head above ! waves1 & goes f> to acc\nt = "s ( ! leg5ds ( sea-mon/]s :i* embelli% ! ,sc&9avian my?ology4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,walrus1 ,,or ,,morse4 ,! walrus has no can9e tee? 9 ! l[] jaw4 ,its incisors are small1 & t5 9 numb]2 six 9 ! upp] & f\r 9 ! l[] jaw4 ,! mol>s1 at fir/ five on ea* side 9 ea* jaw1 b few] 9 ! adult1 are simple & n l>ge2 _! cr[ns are obliquely worn4 ,! no/rils w\ld seem to be displac$ by ! sockets ( ! tusks2 at lea/ !y bo? op5 almo/ directly upw>ds at "s di/ance f ! muzzle4 ,! eyes are small1 b savage2 !re are no ext]nal e>s4 ,! ,arctic walrus is ! sole kn[n species ( ! g5us4 ,x is a greg>i\s animal1 always assembl+ 9 l>ge h]ds1 :i* occasionally leave ! wat] to take _! re/ ^u ! %ore or on ! ice2 & x is at su* times ! hunt]s *iefly attack !m1 s9ce _! movem5ts out ( ! wat] are v labori\s & awkw>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,walrus ,,family4 ,!y def5d !mselves aga9/ _! enemies1 ( :i* ! ,pol> be> is *ief1 ) _! =midable tusks2 & ^! !y also use 9 _! fi]ce combats ) "o ano!r4 ,!y fight ) great det]m9ation & f]ocity1 us+ _! tusks mu* 9 ! same mann] z game-cocks use _! beaks4 ,f ! unwieldy appe>ance ( ! animal1 & ! position ( its tusks1 an inexp]i5c$ spectator w\ld suppose t ! latt] c\ld be employ$ only 9 a d[nw>d /roke2 b1 on ! contr>y1 x turns its neck ) s mu* ease & rapidity t x c /rike 9 all directions ) equal =ce444 ,illu/ration3 ,,fight ,,betwe5 ,,walrus ,,& ,a ,,pol> ,,be>4 ,old bulls v frequ5tly h "o or bo? ( _! tusks brok52 :i* may arise ei!r f fight+ or f us+ !m to assi/ 9 scal+ ! rocks & ice-floes4 ,b ^! brok5 tusks are soon worn d[n aga9 & %>p5$ to a po9t by ! action ( ! s&1 z ! walrus1 l ! elephant1 employs its tusks 9 digg+ its food out ( ! gr\nd1--t is1 out ( ! ocean-b$4 ,its food pr9cipally consi/s ( />fi%1 %rimps1 s&worms1 clams1 cockles1 & alg2 & ,scoresby relates t he has f\nd ! rema9s ( "y seals 9 its /oma*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,boat ,,attack$ ,,by ,,walrus4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! gradual decay1 or1 m correctly speak+1 ext]m9ation ( ! walrus1 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s seem to be au!ntic4 ,:5 ! pursuit ( ! walrus 0 fir/ sy/ematically organiz$ f ,tromse & ,hamm]fe/1 mu* l>g] vessels 7 employ$ ?an are n[ 9 vogue2 & x 0 usual = !m to obta9 _! fir/ c>go ab\t ,be> ,isl& e>ly 9 ! season1 & two additional c>goes at ,spitzb]g5 be=e ! summ] pass$ away4 ,?is regul> & :olesale slaught] drove away ! sea-horse h]ds f _! haunts ab\t ,be> ,isl&2 b ev5 aft]w>ds x 0 n a r>e occurr5ce to procure ?ree c>goes 9 a season at ,spitzb]g51 & less ?an two full c>goes 0 reg>d$ z a lam5table mi%ap4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 m ?an "o c>go 9 a season is v seldom obta9$1 & _m vessels return1 aft] f\r mon?s' abs5ce1 only half full4 ,x is e/imat$ t ab\t "o ?\s& walrus & twice t numb] ( be>d$ seals 7,phoca b>bata7 are annually captur$ 9 ! seas ab\t ,spitzb]g51 exclusive ( ^? :i* s9k or may die ( _! w\nds4 ,"s idea1 !re=e1 may be =m$ ( ! numb] ( sea-horses :i* /ill ride ! waves ( ! ,pol> seas4 ,b x is q cle> t !y are und]go+ a rapid dim9ution ( numb]s1 & also t !y are gradually )draw+ into ! inaccessible solitudes ( ! remote/ ,nor?4 ,we le>n f ! voyage ( ,oh!re1 :i* 0 und]tak5 t5 c5turies ago1 t ! walrus !n ab\nd$ ev5 on ! v coa/ ( ,f9m>k54 ,!y h ab&on$ t region1 h[ev]1 = "s c5turies1 ?\gh individual /raggl]s 7 captur$ up to )9 ! la/ =ty ye>s4 ,aft] _! des]tion ( ,f9m>k51 !y retreat$ to ,be> ,isl&2 !nce !y 7 driv5 to ! ,?\s& ,isl&s1 ,hope ,isl&1 & ,ryk-,yse ,isl&2 & !nce1 aga91 to ! banks & sk]ries to ! nor? ( ,spitzb]g54 ,x is =tunate = ! p]secut$ walrus t ! latt] di/ricts are accessible only 9 op5 seasons1 or p]haps once 9 e ?ree or f\r summ]s2 s t !y obta9 a respite & "t to bre$ & repl5i% _! numb]s4 ,o!rwise ! end ( ! pres5t c5tury w\ld m>k also ! total ext9ction ( ! walrus on ! isl&-%ores ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,we agree ) ,dr4 ,kane t ! resemblance ( ! walrus to man has be5 absurdly ov]/at$4 ,yet ! notion is put =w>d 9 "s ( our sy/ematic treatises1 & accompani$ by ! sugge/ion t we are to look = ! type ( ! m]man & m]maid 9 ?is animal4 ,if we look we %all n f9d4 ,! walrus has a squ>e-%ap$ head1 ) a frontal bone pres5t+ a /eep desc5t to ! eyes1 & any lik5ess to humanity mu/ exi/ 9 ! imag9ation ( ! spectator4 ,"s ( ! seals exhibit a mu* great] resemblance3 ! size ( ! head1 ! regul>ity ( ! facial oval1 ! droop+ %\ld]s1 ev5 ! movem5ts ( ! seal1 rem9d u impressively ( man4 ,& c]ta9ly1 :5 se5 at a di/ance1 ) head rais$ above ! waves1 x af=ds "s ju/ification = ! fanciful conception ( ! nymphs ( ocean1 ! m]maids :o figure s attractively 9 song & leg5d4 ,dr4 ,kane rem>ks t ! in/9ct ( attack1 :i* is /rong 9 ! walrus1 ?\gh s feeble 9 ! seal1 & is a well-kn[n *>act]i/ic ( ! pa*yd]ms1 is int]e/+ to ! naturali/1 z assi/+ to e/abli% ! aff9ity ( ! walrus to ! latt]4 ,:5 w\nd$1 x re>s its body high out ( ! wat]1 plunges heavily aga9/ ! ice1 & /rives to raise itself ^u ! surface by means ( its =e-flipp]s4 ,z ! ice gives way "u its weight1 its c\nt5ance assumes a truly f]oci\s expression1 its b>k *anges to a ro>1 & ! foam p\rs out f its jaws till x fro?s its be>d4 ,ev5 :5 n excit$1 ! walrus manages its tusks bravely4 ,s /rong are !y t !y s]ve z grappl+-irons ) :i* to hold on to ! surface ( ! /eep rocks & ice-banks x loves to climb2 & ?us x c asc5d rocky isl&s t are sixty & a hundr$ feet above ! sea-level4 ,x c deal an oppon5t a fe>ful bl[1 b x pref]s to *>ge1 l a vet]an w>rior2 & man1 unless well arm$1 (t5 comes (f second be/ 9 ! conte/4 ,gov]nor ,flais*] told ,dr4 ,kane t1 9 #ahcj1 a br[n walrus--& ! ,eskimos say t ! br[n walrus are ! fi]ce/--aft] be+ spe>$ & w\nd$ ne> ,up]navik1 put to flight its num]\s assailants1 & drove !m 9 fe> to seek help f ! ,dani% settlem5t4 ,s viol5t 7 its movem5ts z to j]k out ! h>poons t 7 laun*$ into its body4 ,! gov]nor slew x ) mu* difficulty aft] x _h receiv$ sev]al rifle-%ots & lance-w\nds f 8 :ale-boat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fight ,,) ,a ,,walrus4 ,on ano!r occasion1 a "y & adv5tur\s ,innuit plung$ 8 nalegeit into a br[n walrus2 b1 al>m$ by ! savage demean\r ( ! bea/1 call$ = help be=e us+ ! lance4 ,9 va9 ! old] & m w>y hunt]s advis$ him to =be>4 8,x is a br[n walrus60 !y cri$2 8,avok-,kaiok6 ,hold back60 ,f9d+ ! caution disreg>d$1 8 only bro!r r[$ =w>d1 & hurl$ ! second h>poon4 ,almo/ in/antane\sly ! infuriat$ bea/ *>g$1 l ! wild bo>1 on ! un=tunate "y ,innuit1 & ripp$ op5 8 body4 ,"h is a description ( a walrus-hunt3-- ,on fir/ sett+ out1 ! hunt]s li/5 eag]ly = "s s\nds by :i* to discov] ! habitat ( ! animal4 ,! walrus1 l amateur vocali/s1 is p>tial to its own music1 & w lie = h\rs enjoy+ ! monoton\s vocalization 9 :i* x is accu/om$ to indulge4 ,?is is describ$ z some?+ betwe5 ! moo+ ( a c[ & ! deepe/ bay+ ( a ma/iff2 v r\nd & full1 ) its 8b>ks0 or 8deta*$ notes0 repeat$ sev5 to n9e times 9 r quick succession4 ,! hunt]s he> ! bell[1 & press =w>d 9 s+le file2 w9d+ beh9d ice-hummocks & ridges 9 a s]p5t9e approa* t[>ds a gr\p ( 8pond-l discolorations10 rec5tly froz5 ice-spots1 :i* are surr\nd$ by old] & firm] ice4 ,9 a few m9utes !y come 9 sight ( ! walrus4 ,!re !y are1 five 9 numb]1 ris+ at int]vals ?r\gh ! ice 9 a body1 & break+ x up ) an explosion :i* s\nds l ! report ( heavy ordnance4 ,conspicu\s z ! lead]s ( ! h]d are two l>ge & fi]ce-look+ males4 ,n[ = a display ( dext]ity & skill4 ,:ile ! walrus rema9s above wat]1 ! hunt] lies flat & motionless2 :5 x beg9s to s9k1 behold1 ! hunt] is al]t & ready to spr+4 ,9 fact1 sc>cely is ! tusk$ head bel[ ! wat]-l9e be=e e man is 9 a rapid run2 :ile1 z if by in/9ct1 be=e x returns all are prone beh9d protect+ knolls ( ice4 ,!y seem to guess intuitively1 n only h[ long x w be abs5t1 b ! v po9t at :i* x w reappe>4 ,&1 9 ?is way1 hid+ & advanc+ by turns1 !y rea* a plate ( ?9 ice1 sc>cely /rong en\gh to be> a man's weight1 on ! v br9k ( ! d>k pool 9 :i* ! walrus are gamboll+4 ,! phlegmatic ,eskimo h>poone] n[ wak5s into a novel condition ( excitem5t4 ,8 coil ( walrus-hide1 a well-trimm$ l9e ( _m fa?oms l5g?1 lies at 8 side4 ,he atta*es "o end to an iron b>b1 & ?is he fa/5s loosely1 by a socket1 to a %aft ( unicorn's horn2 ! o!r end is already loos$4 ,x is ! "w ( a second6 ,he has grasp$ ! h>poon4 ,! wat] eddies & :irls2 puff+ & pant+1 up comes ! unwieldy sea-horse4 ,! ,eskimo rises sl[ly2 8 "r arm ?r[n back1 8 left hang+ close to 8 side4 ,! walrus looks ab\t him1 & ?r[s ! wat] (f 8 cre/2 ! ,eskimo laun*es ! fatal weapon1 & x s9ks deep into ! animal's side4 ,d[n goes ! w\nd$ awak1 b ! ,eskimo is already spe$+ ) w+$ feet f ! sc5e ( combat1 lett+ 8 coil run out freely1 b clut*+ ! f9al loop ) a desp]ate grip4 ,z he runs1 he seizes a small /ick ( bone1 r\ghly po9t$ ) iron1 & by a swift /rong movem5t ?ru/s x into ! ice2 he twi/s 8 l9e ar\nd x1 & prep>es = a /ruggle4 ,! w\nd$ walrus plunges desp]ately1 & *urns ! ice-pool into foam2 meantime1 ! l9e is haul$ tight at "o mom5t1 & loos5$ ! next2 = ! hunt] has kept 8 /ation4 ,b ! ice cra%es2 & a c\ple ( walrus re> up ?r\gh x1 n _m y>ds f ! spot :]e he /&s4 ,"o ( !m1 a male1 is excit$1 angry1 p>tly al>m$2 ! o!r1 a female1 looks calm1 b b5t on rev5ge4 ,d[n1 aft] a rapid survey ( ! field1 !y g aga9 into ! ocean-dep?s2 & imm$iately ! h>poone] has *os5 8 position1 c>ry+ ) him 8 coil1 & fix+ x anew4 ,sc>cely is ! manuvre accompli%$ be=e ! pair h once m ris51 break+ up an area ( t5 feet 9 diamet] ab\t ! v spot he left4 ,!y s9k = a second "t1 & a second "t he *anges 8 place4 ,& ?us cont9ues ! battle betwe5 ! /r5g? ( ! bea/ & ! address ( ! man1 till ! =m]1 half exhau/$1 receives a second w\nd1 & gives up ! conte/4 ,! ,eskimos reg>d ! walrus ) a c]ta9 degree ( sup]/iti\s rev]5ce1 & x is _! belief t x is "u ! gu>dian%ip ( a special repres5tative or prototype1 :o does n1 inde$1 int]f]e to protect x f be+ hunt$1 b is c>eful t x %all be hunt$ "u tol]ably fair conditions4 ,!y ass]t t ne> a rem>kable conical peak1 :i* rises 9 ! solitudes ( ,=ce ,bay1 a great walrus lives all alone1 & :5 ! moon is abs5t1 creeps out to ! br9k ( a rav9e1 :]e he bell[s ) a voice ( trem5d\s p[]4 ,! walrus-hunt]1 unless he keeps to ! sea-%ore1 & ! ice-floes )9 rea* ( a boat1 mu/ be prep>$ to und]go _m h>d%ips1 & to confront ) a calm he>t ! mo/ baffl+ & t]rible dang]s4 ,he may be ov]tak5 by a gale2 & a gale 9 ! wild remote ,nor?1 f> f any %elt]1--a gale :i* drives be=e x ! bl9d+ sn[ & pitiless icicles1--a gale :i* sweeps unresi/$ & irresi/ible ov] leagues ( froz5 sn[1--a gale :i* comes d[n f ! m\nta9-recesses :]e ! glaci]s take _! rise1--is some?+ s dread1 s gha/ly1 t ! dwell] 9 temp]ate regions c =m no idea ( x4 ,we rememb] t "o ( ! gallant seek]s aft] ,frankl9 describes an ,arctic gale1 & its effects4 ,he says t ! ice1 at a %ort di/ance f ! %ore1 _h 9 _m places be5 swept b>e ( sn[ by ! driv+ bla/2 & ov] ! glassy %eet he & 8 companions 7 helplessly c>ri$ along be=e ! gale4 ,! dogs1 seldom /ret*+ _! traces1 ran h[l+ 9 front ( ! sl$ges1 :i* press$ ^u _! heels4 ,wild 0 ! sc5e1 & d>k4 ,! moon _h sunk f> beh9d ! sn[-%r\d$ m\nta9s1 & ! travell]s _h no o!r light ?an ! %imm] ( />s4 ,! deep %ad[s ( ! cliffs1 t[]+ a ?\s& feet above _! heads1 lay heavily ^u !m1 & enhanc$ ! midnight gloom4 ,! pat*es ( sn[ cl++ to ! %>p angles ( ! colossal wall2 ! :ite %r\d ly+ on its l(ty summit2 ! glaci]s :i* "h & !re protrud$ ?r\gh its clefts1 br\ght out into /rik+ relief ! blackness ( its cav]n\s recesses4 ,! air 0 fill$ ) cl\ds ( drift1 :i* sometimes completely hid ! l&1 & swept rel5tlessly be=e ! explor]s1 z !y tott]$ across ! froz5 pla94 ,sudd5ly a d>k l9e became visible across _! pa?2 its true nature reveal$ by circl+ wrea?s ( 8fro/-smoke40 8,em]k6 em]k60 7,wat]6 wat]67 %\t$ ! driv]s1 *eck+ z sudd5ly z possible ! headway ( ! sl$ges1 b n until ! p>ty 7 )9 a few feet ( a rec5tly op5$ & rapidly wid5+ crack1--a fissure 9 ! ice-cru/1 already tw5ty feet across4 ,"s ( ! travell]s n[ clamb]$ to ! summit ( a pile ( hummocks1 & endeav\r$ to pi]ce ! obscurity4 ,a headl&1 laid d[n on ! map z ,cape ,alex&]1 lay only a few miles 9 advance4 ,! ice 9 ! %all[ bay on its s\!rn side 0 r5t 9 all directions2 :ile beyond1 f ! foot ( ! cape1 a broad %eet ( wat] ext5d$ we/w>d4 ,! w9d div]sifi$ its d>k surface ) ridges ( sn[y spray2 :ile "h & !re a fro/y surf tumbl$ 9 break]s ov] a small b]g or drift+ floe4 ,! pieces ( ice ly+ along its m>g9 7 9 motion1 & ! cra% ( _! h>d surfaces c\ld be he>d z !y came into con/ant collision4 ,_! /rid5t clam\r1 ! ceaseless wa%+ ( ! surface1 ! moan+ ( ! w9d1 ! /eely ru% ( ! drift1 ! pite\s wail ( ! dogs1 & all ! /range noises & voices ( ! /orm1 add$ to ! gloom & awful melan*oly ( t moonless night4 ,we ne$ n wond] t ! ,eskimos ( ! ,arctic wild]ness are z fe>ful ( a tempe/ z are ! ,b$\9s ( ! ,african des]t4 ,x ov]:elms ! "o ) a cl\d ( sn[1 & x buries ! o!r 9 a cl\d ( s&2 & ea* dem&s & receives its quota ( victims4 ,t seal-hunt+ %\ld be m ext5sively pursu$ ?an walrus-hunt+ is natural2 = if less excit+1 x is also less dang]\s2 & ! seal is n only a m valuable prey ?an ! walrus1 b is m easily captur$4 ,! ,phocid are well repres5t$ 9 ! ,arctic wat]s4 ,9 ,behr+ ,sea we enc\nt] ! sea-lion & ! sea-be>2 :ile f ! ,p>ry ,isl&s to ,novaia ,zemlaia ext5ds ! range ( ! h>p seal 7,phoca ,grnl&ica71 ! be>d$ seal 7,phoca b>bata71 & ! hispid seal 7,phoca hispida74 ,! sk9s ( all ^! species are m or less valuable2 _! oil is mu* e/eem$2 & _! fle% supplies ! wild nor!rn tribes ) "o ( _! pr9cipal articles ( subsi/5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]d ,,( ,,seals1 ,,ne> ,,! ,,devil',s ,,?umb1 ,,baff9 ,,sea1 ,,gre5l&4 ,! /ructure ( ! seal is admirably adapt$ 9 e detail to an aquatic life4 ,x lives *iefly 9 ! wat]1 :]e its motions are always easy & graceful2 b x sp5ds a "p ( its "t 9 enjoy+ ! sun%9e on ice-fields1 op5 %ores1 rocks1 & s&y bea*es2 & ! female br+s =? h] "y on l&4 ,! body ( ! seal is elongat$1 & tap]s consid]ably f ! *e/ to ! tail4 ,! head has be5 comp>$ to t ( ! dog2 ! bra9 is g5]ally volum9\s4 ,! feet are %ort1 & little m ?an ! paw ext5ds beyond ! integum5t ( ! body2 !y are webb$1 & p5tadactyl\s1 or five-to$3 ! =e feet are set l ^? ( o!r quadrup$s2 b ! h9d feet are direct$ backw>ds1 ) toes :i* c be spread out widely to act z paddles4 ,! tail is %ort4 ,! motions ( ! seal on l& are con/ra9$ & peculi>4 ,! =e feet are b little us$1 & ! body is ?r[n =w>d 9 a succession ( j]ks produc$ by a contraction ( ! sp9e4 ,awkw>d z ?is mode ( progression seems1 x is1 nev]!less1 exce$+ly rapid4 ,! seal1 h[ev]1 nev] v5tures f> f ! %ore1 & ! mom5t x is di/urb$ or al>m$ x plunges into ! wat]4 ,! physiognomy ( ! animal is 9 p]fect accord ) its "*1 & expresses a consid]able degree ( intellig5ce comb9$ ) mu* mildness ( disposition4 ,! eyes are l>ge1 black1 & brilliant2 ! nose is broad1 ) oblong no/rils2 & !re are l>ge :isk]s4 ,! seal has no ext]nal e>s1 b 9 ! auricul> orifices exi/s a valve :i* c be clos$ at w1 & protects ! int]nal organism f ! wat]2 ! no/rils possess a simil> valve4 ,! body is ?ickly g>ni%$ ) /iff glossy hairs1 v closely set aga9/ ! sk91 & pl5tifully lubricat$ ) an oily secretion1 s t ! surface is always smoo?1 & unaffect$ by wat]4 ,! tee? diff] 9 diff]5t g5]a1 b 9 all are specially adapt$ = ! seizure ( fi% & o!r slipp]y prey1 ?\gh ! seals are omnivor\s 9 _! habits1 & w p>take bo? ( vegetable & animal food4 ,!re are ei!r six or f\r incisors 9 ! upp]1 & f\r or two 9 ! l[] jaw2 ! can9es are inv>iably l>ge & /rong2 & ! mol>s1 usually five or six on ei!r side1 9 ea* jaw1 are %>p-edg$ or conical1 & bri/le ) po9ts4 ,! seal is fond ( swall[+ l>ge /ones2 = :at purpose is n c]ta91 b1 probably1 to assi/ dige/ion4 ,seals live 9 h]ds1 m or less num]\s1 along ! froz5 %ores ( ! ,arctic seas2 & on ! lonely des]t$ coa/s !y br+ =? _! "y1 ov] :i* !y wat* ) s+ul> affection4 ,!y swim ) mu* rapidity1 & c rema9 a consid]able "t "u wat]4 ,!y are migratory 9 _! habits1 & at lea/ f\r species visit our ,briti% wat]s4 ,on ! nor!rn coa/s ( ,gre5l& !y are obs]v$ to take _! dep>ture 9 ,july & to return aga9 9 ,septemb]4 ,!y produce two or ?ree "y at a "t1 & suckle !m = six or sev5 weeks 9 remote cav]ns & seque/]$ recesses2 aft] :i* !y take to ! sea4 ,! "y exhibit a rem>kable degree ( tractability2 w recognize & obey ! mat]nal summons2 & assi/ ea* o!r 9 di/ress or dang]4 ,_m1 if n all1 ( ! species are polygam\s1 & ! males frequ5tly cont5d ) desp]ate c\rage = ! possession ( a fav\rite female4 ,!re is n mu* diff]5ce 9 ! habits ( ! diff]5t g5]a or species ( ! ,phocid2 b :ile ! great ,arctic seal dives l ! walrus1 mak+ a k9d ( semi-revolution z x goes d[n1 ! common seal 7,phoca vitul9a71 call$ by ! hunt]s ! /e9-cobbe1 f its cu/om ( bask+ on ! rocks1 dives by sudd5ly dropp+ "u wat]1 its nose be+ ! la/ "p ( its body :i* disappe>s1 in/ead ( its tail4 ,! common seal has a v f9e spott$ sk91 & weighs ab\t sixty or sev5ty p\nds4 ,x is mu* fatt]1 9 proportion to its size1 ?an ! be>d$ seal1 & its c>cass1 consequ5tly1 hav+ less specific gravity1 floats mu* long] on ! wat] aft] dea?4 ,a ?ird k9d ( seal f\nd 9 ! ,spitzb]g5 seas is1 probably1 ! ,phoca hispida1 ?\gh ! hunt]s "k x only by ! names ( ! 8spr+]10 & ,jan ,may5 seal4 ,9 ! spr+ mon?s x is kill$ 9 l>ge numb]s by ! :al]s among ! va/ ice-fields :i* encircle ! solit>y rocks ( ,jan ,may5 ,isl&4 ,mr4 ,lamont obs]ves t ^! seals1 ?\gh exi/+ 9 su* enorm\s numb]s to ! we/1 are n ne>ly s num]\s 9 ,spitzb]g5 z ! great1 or ev5 z ! mu* less abundant common seal4 ,!y are greg>i\s1 :i* nei!r ( ! o!r v>ieties are1 & g5]ally consort 9 b&s ( fifty to five hundr$4 ,!y are extremely difficult to kill1 z dur+ ! summ] mon?s !y v seldom g ^u ! ice2 !y seem mu* less curi\s ?an ! o!r seals1 & g at su* a rapid pace ?r\gh ! wat] z to defy pursuit f a boat4 ,on com+ up to brea!1 ^! seals d n1 l _! cong5]s1 take a delib]ate brea? & a leisurely survey1 b ! :ole troop make a sort ( simultane\s fly+ leap ?r\gh ! air l a %oal ( porpoises1 z !y g along1 & reappe> aga9 at an incr$ible di/ance f _! prec$+ brea?+-place4 ,h5ce ! "n ( 8spr+]s0 giv5 to !m by ! :al]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,common ,,seal4 ,! ,jan ,may5 seal weighs f #bjj to #cjj lbs41 & is describ$ z ! fatte/ & mo/ buoyant ( ! ,arctic mammals4 ,we h spok5 ( seal's fle% z an important article ( subsi/5ce to ! ,eskimo tribes4 ,our ,arctic voyag]s & explor]s h frequ5tly be5 glad to n\ri% !mselves ^u x1 & speak ( x z some:at resembl+ veal 9 flav\r4 ,n once or twice1 b sev]al times1 x has sav$ ! h>dy pione] ( civilization f de/ruction1 & ! discov]y ( a /ray seal has be5 ! means ( pres]v+ a :ole exp$ition4 ,!re is a v /rik+ incid5t ( ?is k9d 9 ! n>rative ( ,dr4 ,kane4 ,he & 8 p>ty _h rea*$ ,cape ,york on _! way to ! ,dani% settlem5ts1 aft] _! long b fruitless se>* = ,sir ,john ,frankl94 ,!y 7 sp5t ) fatigue1 & half-dead f hung]4 ,a k9d ( l[ fev] crippl$ _! en]gies1 & !y 7 unable to sleep4 ,9 _! frail & unseawor?y boats1 :i* 7 sc>cely kept afloat by con/ant bail+1 !y made b sl[ progress across ! op5 bay2 :51 at ?is crisis ( _! =tunes1 !y descri$ a l>ge seal float+1 z is ! wont ( ^! animals1 on a small pat* ( ice1 & app>5tly asleep1--a seal s l>ge t at fir/ !y mi/ook x = a walrus4 ,trembl+ ) anxiety1 ,kane & 8 companions prep>$ to creep d[n ^u ! mon/]4 ,"o ( ! m51 ,pet]s51 ) a l>ge ,engli% rifle1 0 /ation$ 9 ! b[ ( ! boat1 & /ock+s 7 drawn ov] ! o>s z muffl]s4 ,z !y approa*$ ! animal1 _! excitem5t became s int5se t ! m5 c\ld h>dly keep /roke4 ,t no s\nd might be he>d1 ,dr4 ,kane communicat$ 8 ord]s by signal2 & :5 ab\t ?ree hundr$ y>ds (f ! o>s 7 tak5 91 & !y mov$ on1 /eal?ily & sil5tly1 ) a s+le scull a/]n4 ,! seal 0 n asleep1 = he re>$ 8 head :5 8 enemies 7 almo/ )9 rifle-%ot2 & long aft]w>ds ,dr4 ,kane c\ld rememb] ! h>d1 c>eworn1 almo/ despair+ expression ( ! m5's hagg>d faces z !y saw him move2 _! lives dep5d$ on 8 capture4 ,dr4 ,kane l[]$ 8 h&1 z a signal = ,pet]s5 to fire4 ,m',gorry1 :o 0 r[+1 hung1 he says1 ^u 8 o>1 & ! boat sl[ly b noiselessly =g+ ahead1 did n seem )9 range4 ,look+ at ,pet]s51 he saw t ! poor fell[ 0 p>alyz$ by 8 anxiety1 & 0 va9ly seek+ to f9d a re/ = 8 gun aga9/ ! cut-wat] ( ! boat4 ,! seal rose on 8 flipp]s1 gaz$ at 8 antagoni/s = a mom5t ) m+l$ curiosity & al>m1 & coil$ himself = a plunge4 ,at t mom5t1 simultane\sly ) ! crack ( ! rifle1 he relax$ 8 huge bulk on ! ice1 &1 at ! v br9k ( ! wat]1 8 head fell helplessly on "o side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oot+ ,a ,,seal4 ,dr4 ,kane w\ld h ord]$ ano!r %ot1 b no discipl9e c\ld h controll$ 8 m54 ,) a wild yell1 ea* vocif]at+ accord+ to 8 own impulse1 !y urg$ bo? boats ^u ! floes4 ,a cr[d ( h&s seiz$ ! preci\s booty1 & bore x up to saf] ice4 ,! m5 seem$ half crazy1 !y _h be5 s r$uc$ by fam9e4 ,!y ran ov] ! floe1 cry+ & laugh+1 & br&i%+ _! knives4 ,be=e five m9utes _h elaps$1 ea* man 0 suck+ 8 /ream+ f+]s or m\?+ long /rips ( raw blubb]4 ,n an ounce ( ?is seal 0 wa/$6 ,! inte/9es f\nd _! way into ! s\p-kettles )\t any obs]vance ( ! prelim9>y home-processes4 ,! c>tilag9\s p>ts ( ! =e-flipp]s 7 cut (f 9 ! mle1 & pass$ r\nd = ! op]ation ( *ew+2 & ev5 ! liv]1 w>m & raw z x 01 bade fair to be eat5 be=e x _h se5 ! pot4 ,t night1 on ! l>ge halt+-floe to :i*1 9 contempt ( ! dang]s ( drift+1 ! happy adv5tur]s _h haul$ _! boats1 two entire planks ( ! ,r$ ,eric 7 devot$ to ! k9dl+ ( a l>ge cook+-fire1 & !y enjoy$ a b\ntiful & savage fea/4 ,su* is an exp]i5ce ( ,arctic life2 ( ! h>d%ips endur$ by ! h]oic m5 :o g =? to d ! "w ( ,sci5ce & ,civilization4 ,return+ to ! seals1 we may rem>k t1 accord+ to a sci5tific au?ority1 ! angle ( we$y rock on :i* a phoca is accu/om$ to re/ ) 8 family comes to be reg>d$ z 8 prop]ty1 & no o!r individuals ( 8 species are entitl$ to lay claim to x4 ,al?\gh 9 ! wat] ^! animals congregate toge!r 9 num]\s h]ds1 & protect & c\rage\sly def5d "o ano!r1 yet1 :5 !y h once em]g$ f _! fav\rite elem5t1 !y reg>d !mselves on _! own space ( rock z 9 a sacr$ domicile1 :]e no comrade has a "r to intrude on _! dome/ic tranquillity4 ,if any /rang] approa* ?is family c5tre1 ! *ief--or %all we call him ! fa!r8--prep>es to repel by =ce :at he consid]s an unw>rantable encroa*m5t2 & a t]rible combat inv>iably ensues1 :i* t]m9ates only ) ! dea? ( ! "l ( ! rock1 or ! compulsory retreat ( ! intrud]4 ,b a family nev] seizes ^u a l>g] tract ?an x absolutely requires1 & lives peaceably ) neighb\r+ families1 f :i* x is seldom sep>at$ by a great] int]val ?an =ty or fifty paces4 ,if compell$ by necessity1 !y w ev5 live on amicable t]ms at mu* clos] qu>t]s4 ,?ree or f\r families w %>e a rock1 a cav]n1 or an ice-floe2 b ea* occupies ! place allott$ to x at ! orig9al apportionm5t1 & %uts himself )9 x1 s to speak1 nor ev] m$dles ) individuals ( ano!r family4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ot>y4 ,our mod]n naturali/s divide ! ,phocid into two di/9ct ord]s3 ! ,phoc prop]ly s call$1 :i* h no ext]nal e>s1 b only an auditory orifice on ! surface ( ! head2 & ! ,ot>i1 :i* are provid$ ) ext]nal organs4 ,! rem>ks we h be5 mak+ apply m p>ticul>ly to ! common seal 7,phoca vitul9a71 or small ,spitzb]g5 seal1 :i* measures f f\r to five feet 9 l5g?4 ,! ,gre5l& or h>p seal 7,phoca ,grnl&ica71 to :i* we h already allud$1 is l>g] & fatt]1 & is di/+ui%$ by ! *anges ( col\r x und]goes be=e x rea*es maturity4 ,we h also spok5 ( ! be>d$ seal 7,phoca b>bata71 :i* sometimes atta9s a l5g? ( t5 feet1 & is kn[n1 n only by its size1 b its ?ick & /rong m\/a*es4 ,! hood$ seal 7,/emmatopus cri/atus7 is di/+ui%$ by ! globul> & expansible sac situat$ on ! summit ( ! head ( ! males4 ,?is species gr[s to ! l5g? ( sev5 or eight feet1 & inhabits ! wat]s ( ,newf\ndl& & ,gre5l&4 ,! value ( ! seal to ! ,eskimo tribes w be/ be und]/ood f a description ( ! uses to :i* v>i\s p>ts ( ! animal are appli$ 9 an ,eskimo hut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hood$ ,,seal4 ,we w suppose ?is hut to measure ab\t five or five & a half feet 9 height1 & ab\t t5 feet 9 diamet]4 ,! walls are made ( /ones1 moss1 & ! bones ( seals1 n>:als1 :ales1 & o!r ocean-creatures4 ,!y are n ar*$1 b rec$e inw>d gradually f ! f\ndation1 & are capp$ by long oblong slabs ( slate-/one ext5d+ f side to side4 ,we ent]3 ! floor+ consi/s ( ?9 flat /ones4 ,at ! back "p ( ! hut ! floor rises ab\t a foot1 & ?is breck1 z ! elevation is call$1 s]ves bo? z c\* & seat1 be+ cov]$ ) a ?ick lay] ( dri$ moss & grass1 "u seal-sk9s1 dog-sk9s1 & be>-sk9s4 ,simil> elevations are plac$ at ! corn]s 9 front2 "u "o ( :i* w lie1 p]haps1 a litt] ( pups1 ) _! "m1 & "u ! o!r a portion ( seal's meat4 ,9 ! squ>e front ( ! hut1 above ! passage-way1 a w9d[ is ins]t$2 ! light be+ admitt$ ?r\gh a squ>e %eet ( /rips ( dri$ inte/9es1 sew$ toge!r4 ,! entrance is 9 ! floor1 close to ! front wall1 & is cov]$ ) a piece ( seal-sk94 ,seal-sk9s are hung ab\t ! walls to dry4 ,at ! edge ( ! breck1 on ei!r side1 sits a woman1 ea* busily engag$ 9 att5d+ to a smoky lamp1 f$ ) seal's oil4 ,^! lamps are made ( soap/one1 & 9 %ape resemble a clam-%ell1 be+ ab\t eight in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! cavity is fill$ ) oil obta9$ f seal's blubb]2 & on ! /raight edge ! flame burns q vividly1 ! wick :i* furni%es x be+ made ( moss4 ,! bus9ess ( ! wom5 is app>5tly to prev5t ! lamps f smok+1 & to keep !m suppli$ ) blubb]1 l>ge pieces ( :i* are plac$ 9 ! cavity1 ! heat draw+ out ! oil4 ,ab\t ?ree in*es above ?is flame hangs1 susp5d$ f ! ceil+1 an oblong squ>e pot made ( ! same mat]ial z ! lamp1 9 :i* a jo9t ( seal is simm]+ sl[ly4 ,above ?is hangs a rack1 made ( b>e rib-bones1 b\nd toge!r crosswise1 on :i* /ock+s & mitt5s1 & v>i\s g>m5ts made ( seal-sk91 are laid to dry4 ,no o!r fire c be se5 ?an t :i* ! lamps supply1 nor is any o!r ne$$4 ,s _m p]sons are cr[d$ into ! conf9$ int]ior t x is insuff]ably hot1 :ile ! :ole place reeks ) ! smell ( seal-fle%1 seal-oil1 & seal-sk96 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is natural en\gh t we %\ld "h introduce an acc\nt ( ! ,eskimo mode ( cat*+ seals4 ,! great season ( ! seal-hunt is ! spr+1 :5 ! in(f5sive phoc gambol & sport 9 ! op5 wat]-ways ne> ! coa/s1 or clamb] on ! ice-floes to enjoy ! rays ( ! t>dy sun4 ,!y are ( a w>y & timid disposition1 & we may suppose t _! traditions h taught !m to be on _! gu>d aga9/ man2 b z all _! habits & ways are well kn[n to ! ,eskimo1 !y d n succe$ 9 elud+ 8 dext]\s p]sev]ance4 ,sometimes ! hunt] attires himself 9 a seal-sk91 & s exactly imitates _! appe>ance & movem5ts t he approa*es )9 spe>-range ( !m be=e ! disguise is detect$2 or else he creeps into _! haunts beh9d a :ite scre51 :i* is propell$ 9 front ( him by means ( a sl$ge4 ,z ! season v]ges ^u midsumm] less precaution becomes necess>y2 ! eyes ( ! seals be+ s conge/$ by ! fi]ce radiance ( ! sun t !y are (t5 ne>ly bl9d4 ,9 w9t] !y are assail$ :ile lab\r+ at _! brea?+-holes1 or :5 !y rise = ! purpose ( respiration4 ,if an ,eskimo satisfies himself t a seal is work+ away b5ea? ! ice1 he takes up 8 /ation at ! suspect$ po9t1 & seldom quits x1 h[ev] sev]e ! wea!r1 until he has captur$ ! animal4 ,to protect himself f ! freez+ bla/1 he ?r[s up a sn[-wall f\r feet 9 height1 & seat+ himself 9 its %ade1 he re/s 8 spe>s1 l9es1 & o!r appliances on a numb] ( little =k$ /icks ins]t$ into ! sn[1 9 ord] t he may move !m1 :5 want$1 )\t mak+ ! slighte/ noise4 ,he c>ries 8 caution to su* an excess1 t he ev5 ties 8 own knees toge!r ) a ?ong to prev5t 8 g>m5ts f ru/l+6 ab\t ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,eskimo ,,seal-,,hunt]4 ,to discov] :e!r ! seal is /ill gnaw+ at ! ice1 our pati5t wat*] makes use ( 8 keep-kuttuk2 a sl5d] rod ( bone1 no ?ick] ?an ord9>y bell-wire1 clev]ly r\nd$1 ) a knob at "o end & a %>p po9t at ! o!r4 ,?is implem5t he ?ru/s into ! ice1 & ! knob1 :i* rema9s above ! surface1 in=ms him by its motion :e!r ! animal is /ill engag$ 9 mak+ 8 hole2 if x does n move1 ! attempt is giv5 up 9 t place1 & ! hunt] betakes himself else:]e4 ,:5 he supposes ! hole to be ne>ly complet$1 he /eal?ily raises 8 spe>1 & z soon z he c he> ! bl[+ ( ! seal1 & kn[s !re=e t ! ice-cru/ is v ?91 he drives x into ! unsuspect+ animal ) all 8 might2 & !n hacks away ) 8 %>p-edg$ knife1 or panna1 ! int]v5+ ice1 s z to repeat 8 bl[s1 & secure 8 victim4 ,! neituk1 or ,phoca hispida1 be+ ! smalle/ seal1 is held :ile /ruggl+1 ei!r by ! h&1 or by a l9e "o end ( :i* is twi/$ r\nd a spe> driv5 into ! ice4 ,9 ! case ( ! be>d$ seal1 or oguka1 ! l9e is coil$ r\nd ! hunt]'s leg or arm2 = a walrus1 r\nd 8 body1 ! feet be+ at ! same "t firmly plant$ aga9/ a hummock ( ice1 s z to increase ! capability ( resi/ance4 ,a boy ( fifte5 c kill a neituk1 b ! l>g] animals c be ma/]$ only by a robu/ & exp]i5c$ adult4 ,we come n[ to speak ( ! ,:ale1 :i*1 9 size1 is ! sov]eign ( ! ,arctic seas1 & ! gr&e/ type ( m>9e life4 ,:ales 7,cetacea7 are1 z mo/ p]sons n[-a-days "k1 an ord] ( aquatic mammals1 di/+ui%$ by _! f9-l ant]ior extremities1 & by ! peculi>ity t ! place ( ! po/]ior extremities is suppli$ by a l>ge horizontal caudal f91 or tail2 :ile ! c]vical bones are s compress$ t ! animal1 ext]nally at lea/1 seems to h no neck4 ,! g5]al =m ( ! :ale1 not)/&+ its position among ! ,mammalia1 is simil> to t ( ! fi%es1 & ! horizontal elongation ( ! body1 ! smoo? & r\nd$ surface1 ! gradual att5uation ( ! extremities ( ! trunk1 & ! magnitude ( ! f9s & tail1 are specially adapt$ to easy & swift motion 9 ! wat]4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! bones compos+ ! ant]ior limb is v curi\s4 ,! :ole ( ! f9 consi/s ( exactly ! same p>ts z ^? :i* we f9d 9 ! human h& & arm2 b !y are s conceal$ b5ea? ! ?ick cutane\s or integum5t>y envelope1 t n a trace ( bone is visible4 ,9 ?is respect an int]m$iate organization is %[n by ! =e limbs ( ! seal4 ,! po/]ior extremity1 9 all ! ,cetacea1 is ei!r absolutely defici5t1 or else rudim5t>y4 ,if rudim5t>y1 its sole ve/ige consi/s ( c]ta9 small bones1 ! imp]fect repres5tation ( a pelvis1 susp5d$1 z x 71 9 ! fle%1 & unconnect$ ) ! sp9al column4 ,"h we may obs]ve a rem>kable diff]5ce betwe5 ! :ale & ! seal3 9 ! latt]1 z we h se51 !re is a %ort tail1 & ! po/]ior extremities p]=m ! (fice ( a true caudal f92 9 ! =m] ?is important organ ( progression consi/s1 to use ,mr4 ,bell's words1 ( 8an extremely broad & p[]ful horizontal disc1 v>y+ 9 figure 9 ! diff]5t g5]a1 b 9 all con/itut+ ! pr9cipal in/rum5t ( locomotion40 ,9 fi%es ! tail is set v]tically1 b 9 :ales horizontally2 & x has be5 well said t ! admirable adaptation ( su* a peculi>ity 9 its position to ! requirem5ts ( ! animal =ms a fre% & beautiful illu/ration ( ! inf9ite res\rce & =esight ( ! ,creative ,wisdom4 ,?us3 ! fi%es1 respir+ only ! air conta9$ 9 ! d5se liquid m$ium 9 :i* !y live1 require no access to ! atmosph]e2 &1 !re=e1 _! progression is *iefly conf9$ to ! same region4 ,b ! :ales1 brea?+ atmosph]ic air1 mu/ necess>ily come to ! surface = ea* respiration2 & h5ce !y ne$ a p[]ful in/rum5t or lev]1 ! position ( :i* %all apply its impulse 9 a v]tical direction1 s z to impel _! colossal bulk f ! l[e/ dep?s ( ocean to ! surface e "t ! lungs require to receive a fre% supply ( atmosph]ic air4 ,! greate/ rapidity ( motion is effect$ by alt]nate /rokes ( ! tail aga9/ ! wat]1 upw>ds & d[nw>ds2 b ! usual progression is accompli%$ by an oblique lat]al & d[nw>d impulse1 fir/ on "o side & !n on ! o!r1 j z a boat is propell$ by a man ) a s+le o> 9 ! art ( 8scull+40 ,! ext5t ( ! tail 9 "s ( ! l>g] species is really imm5se2 ! sup]ficies be+ no less ?an ab\t a hundr$ squ>e feet1 & its bread? consid]ably exce$+ tw5ty feet4 ,! common1 "r1 or ,gre5l& :ale 7,balna my/icetus7 has be51 = c5turies1 ! object ( man's sy/ematic pursuit1 on acc\nt ( its valuable oil & sc>cely less valuable bale54 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gre5l& ,,:ale4 ,?is :ale seldom exce$s fifty to sixty feet 9 l5g?1 or ?irty to =ty 9 gir?1 &1 !re=e1 is by no means ! head ( its family4 ,z 9 o!r species1 ! body is ?ick & bulky =w>ds1 l>ge/ ab\t ! middle1 & tap]s sudd5ly t[>ds ! tail4 ,! head is colossal2 broad1 flat1 & r\nd$ b5ea?1 & n>r[ above2 x =ms ab\t a ?ird ( ! animal's entire l5g?1 & is ab\t t5 or twelve feet broad4 ,its lips--su* lips6--are five or six feet ?ick4 ,!y d n cov] any tee?1 b !y protect a pair ( v =midable jaws4 ,! cav]n\s int]ior ( ! m\? is fill$ up ) two s]ies ( :alebone lam91 ab\t ?ree hundr$ 9 ea*1 :i* require p>ticul> description4 ,! :alebone1 or bale51 z x is call$1 consi/s ( num]\s p>allel plates1 lay]s1 or lam91 ea* ( :i* is =m$ ( a c5tral co>se fibr\s lay] ly+ betwe5 two t are compact & ext]nally poli%$4 ,b ?is out] "p does n completely cov] ! inn]2 a k9d ( edge is expos$1 & ?is edge t]m9ates 9 a loose fr+$ or fibr\s extremity4 ,moreov]1 at ! base ( ea* plate ( bale5 lies a conical cavity1 cov]+ a pulp :i* corresponds ) x2 & ?is pulp is sunk )9 ! sub/ance ( ! gum or buccal membrane /ret*$ ov] ! palate & upp] jaw4 ,! compact out] lay]s ( ! bale5 plate are cont9u\s ) a :ite horny lay] ( ! gum1 :i* passes on to ! surface ( ea* plate2 & ! pulp may be reg>d$1 !re=e1 z ! secret+ organ ( ! int]nal co>se /ructure only4 ,! filam5ts ( ! fr+e are exce$+ly num]\s1 & s fill up ! m\?-cavity z to =m a v effici5t & +5i\s sieve or /ra9]2 & z ! esophagus1 or 8swall[10 ( ! :ale is s conf9$ z to be unable to admit ( ! passage ev5 ( ! small] fi%1 & ! food ( ! :ale consequ5tly is limit$ to m9ute organisms1 su* z ! m$us1 ?is skilfully devis$ con/ruction is absolutely requisite 9 ord] to reta9 ! :ole ( ^? :i* are tak5 into ! m\?4 ,! mode 9 :i* ! :ale fe$s may be ?us describ$3-- ,! broad wat]s ( ! ,arctic seas teem ) innum]able %oals ( mollusc\s1 radiate1 & cru/ace\s animals1 & ^! are frequ5tly s num]\s z absolutely to col\r ! wave-surface4 ,:5 a :ale1 !re=e1 desires food1 x op5s its colossal m\?1 & a ho/ ( ^! organisms is1 z x 71 swept up by ! great expanse ( ! l[] jaw3 z ! m\? closes1 ! wat] is eject$1 & ! life x conta9$ is imprison$ by ! appliance we h attempt$ to describe4 ,if we consid] ! numb] ( :ales f\nd 9 ! ,nor!rn seas1 & ! mighty bulk ( ea* individual1 our imag9ation entirely fails to appreciate ! c\ntless myriads ( m9ute organisms :i* mu/ be sacrific$ to _! due n\ri%m5t4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal products ( ! ,gre5l& :ale is its bale51 or :alebone1 ) ! dome/ic uses ( :i* our read]s w be famili>2 b ! l>ge quantities ( oil :i* x yields are /ill m valuable4 ,a :ale sixty feet 9 l5g? w supply fully tw5ty tons ( pure oil4 ,besides ! common :ale1 our hunt]s f9d 9 ! seas ( ! ,nor? ! razor-back$ :ale1 or nor!rn rorqual 7,balnopt]a physalis71 *>act]iz$ by ! prom95t ridge :i* ext5ds along its mighty back4 ,?is mon/] ( ! deep atta9s a l5g?1 x is said1 ( "o hundr$ feet1 & measures f ?irty to ?irty-five feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,b its yield ( oil & bale5 is less ?an t ( ! "r or ,gre5l& :ale1 & z its capture is a task ( difficulty & dang]1 ! :al]s seldom attack x4 ,9 its movem5ts x is m rapid & re/less1 & :5 h>poon$ x frequ5tly plunges d[nw>d ) su* =ce & velocity z to break ! l9e4 ,9 sev]al respects x diff]s f ! ,gre5l& species2 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! nature ( its food1 = x fe$s ^u fi%es ( consid]able size4 ,"s ( our naturali/s affirm t sev]al species ( rorquals exi/ 9 ! ,arctic seas2 & ! pike :ale1 s call$ f ! resemblance ( its m\? to t ( a pike1 is frequ5tly describ$ z an indep5d5t species4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 are ( op9ion t ! pike is simply ! "y ( ! mon/] we h be5 describ+4 ,! rorqual is v voraci\s1 & preys ext5sively ^u fi%es2 z _m z six hundr$ cod1 to say no?+ ( small] 8fry10 hav+ be5 f\nd 9 ! /oma* ( a s+le individual4 ,:ile ! ,gre5l& :ale is be+ rapidly driv5 back into ! icy wild]nesses beyond ,behr+ ,/rait1 on ! we/1 & ! creeks & gulfs beyond ,baff9 ,bay1 on ! ea/1 ! rorquals1 includ+ ! ,balnopt]a ro/ratus 7or beak$ :ale71 ,balnopt]a musculus1 & ,balnopt]a bops1 /ill frequ5t ! op5 wat]s1--_! pursuit be+1 z we h %[n1 m difficult & less pr(itable4 ,!y are g5]ally f\nd 9 att5dance on ! h]r+-%oals1 ( :i* !y are ! assidu\s & de/ructive enemies4 ,(f ,gre5l&1 ,spitzb]g51 & ,novaia ,zemlaia !y are f\nd 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,our :al]s g =? e ye> 9 well-provid$ %ips1 & suppli$ ) ! be/ & mo/ =midable weapons :i* sci5tific +5uity c devise4 ,/ill !y f9d ! ent]prise "o ( p]il & h>d%ip1 & x is univ]sally recogniz$ z requir+ 9 ^? :o emb>k 9 x no ord9>y p[]s ( endurance1 z well z c\rage1 pati5ce1 & p]sev]ance4 ,yet ! ,asiatic & ,am]ican tribes d n fe> to confront ! ocean-levia?an ) ! simple/ ( arms4 ,! ,alet emb>ks 9 8 little skiff1 or baid>1 & cat*+ sight ( 8 prey1 /eal?ily approa*es x f beh9d until he ne>ly rea*es ! mon/]'s head4 ,!n he sudd5ly & dext]\sly drives 8 %ort spe> into ! huge flank1 j "u ! =e f91 & retreats z swiftly z 8 well-pli$ o>s c c>ry him4 ,if ! spe> has sunk into ! fle%1 ! :ale is doom$2 )9 ! next two or ?ree days x w p]i%1 & ! curr5ts & ! waves w hurl ! va/ bulk on ! ne>e/ %ore1 to be claim$ by its gallant conqu]or4 ,& z ea* spe> be>s its own]'s peculi> m>k1 ! claim is nev] disput$4 ,occasionally ! baid> does n escape 9 "t1 & ! exasp]at$ levia?an1 furi\sly la%+ ! wat]s ) its tail1 hurls ! frail boat high up into ! air1 z if x 7 a re$1 or s9ks x ) "o cru%+ bl[4 ,no wond] t ^? ( _! race :o und]take s haz>d\s a call+ are held 9 high repute among ! ,alets4 ,to sally =? alone1 & enc\nt] ! :ale 9 ! icy wat]s ( ! ,pol> ,sea1 is a task dem&+ ! utmo/ intrepidity & ! utmo/ tranquillity ( n]ve4 ,_m ( ! :ales ?us d>+ly h>poon$ are lo/4 ,x is on record t1 9 ! summ] ( #ahca1 "o hundr$ & eighte5 :ales 7 /ruck ne> ,kadjack1 & ( ^! only =ty-?ree 7 f\nd4 ,! o!rs ei!r drift$ to f>-(f %ores & lonely unkn[n isles1 or became ! prey ( %>ks & ocean-birds4 ,wrangell /ates t ( late ye>s ! ,russians h introduc$ ! use ( ! h>poon1 & engag$ "s ,engli% h>poone]s to tea* ! ,alets ! secret ( _! craft2 &1 !re=e1 ! old] & m haz>d\s me?od1 :i* ! ,alets _h le>n$ f _! =efa!rs1 w soon be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,eskimos devote ! mon? ( ,augu/ to ! :ale-fi%]y1 & = ?is purpose !y assemble 9 companies1 & plant a colony ( huts on "s bold headl& ( ! ,pol> coa/1 :]e ! wat] is ( dep? suffici5t to float _! de/9$ victim4 ,z soon z a :ale's colossal bulk is se5 out/ret*$ on ! wat]1 a doz5 kayaks or m cauti\sly paddle up 9 ! re>1 until "o ( !m1 %oot+ ahead1 comes ne> en\gh on "o side = ! m5 to drive ! spe> into its fle% ) all ! =ce ( bo? arms4 ,to ! spe> are atta*$ an inflat$ seal-sk9 & a long coil ( ?ong4 ,! :ale dives imm$iately x is /rick54 ,aft] a:ile x reappe>s1 & ! signal be+ giv5 by ! float+ seal-sk9 buoy1 all ! canoes aga9 paddle t[>ds _! prey4 ,aga9 ! opportunity is seiz$ = laun*+ ! fatal spe>s2 & ?is process is repeat$ until ! exhau/$ :ale rises m & m frequ5tly to ! surface1 is f9ally kill$1 & t[$ a%ore4 ,capta9 ,m',clure fell 9 ) an ,eskimo tribe (f ,cape ,ba?ur/ :i* hunt$ ! :ale 9 ?is primitive fa%ion1 b ! females1 z well z ! m51 engag$ 9 ! pursuit4 ,an omaiak1 or woman's boat1 he says1 is 8mann$ by ladies10 hav+ z h>poone] a *os5 man ( ! tribe2 & a %oal ( small fry1 9 ! =m ( kayaks1 or s+le-m5 canoes1 are 9 att5dance4 ,! h>poone] s+les out 8a fi%10 drives into its fle% 8 weapon1 to :i* an inflat$ seal-sk9 is atta*$ by means ( a walrus-hide ?ong4 ,! w\nd$ fi% is !n incessantly h>ass$ by ! m5 9 ! kayacks ) weapons ( a simil> description2 & a numb] ( ^!1 driv5 into ! un=tunate :ale1 baffle its ef=ts to escape1 & we> out its /r5g?1 until1 9 ! c\rse ( a day1 x dies f exhau/ion & loss ( blood4 ,%]>d ,osborn tells u t ! h>poone]1 :5 successful1 becomes a v great p]sonage inde$1 & is inv>iably decorat$ ) ! ,eskimo ord] ( ! ,blue ,ribbon2 t is1 a blue l9e is drawn across 8 face ov] ! bridge ( 8 nose4 ,?is is ! highe/ hon\r kn[n to ! h]oes ( ,cape ,ba?ur/2 b x c>ries along ) x ! privilege ( ! decorat$ individual be+ all[$ to take unto himself a second wife6 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! wat]s ( ,novaia ,zemlaia1 ,gre5l&1 & ,spitzb]g5 is f\nd ! n>:al1 or sea unicorn 7,monodon monoc]os71 :i* 0 at "o "t ! !me ( s _m extravagant leg5ds4 ,x belongs to ! ,cetacea1 b diff]s f ! :ale 9 hav+ no tee?1 prop]ly s call$1 & 9 be+ arm$ ) a =midable horn1 project+ /raight =w>d f ! upp] jaw1 9 a direct l9e ) ! body4 ,?is horn1 or tusk1 ! use ( :i* has n be5 satisfactorily asc]ta9$1 is h>d] & :it] ?an ivory1 spirally /riat$ f base to po9t1 tap]s ?r\gh\t1 & measures f six to t5 feet 9 l5g?4 ,mr4 ,bell rem>ks t x w\ld be a /range anomaly if ! app>5t s+l5ess ( ?is weapon 7 real4 ,9 tru?1 bo? tee? are inv>iably f\nd 9 ! jaw1 n only ( ! male1 b ( ! female also2 b 9 ord9>y 7?\gh n 9 all7 cases "o only1 & ?is 9 ! male1 is fully develop$1 ! o!r rema9+ 9 a rudim5t>y condition--ev5 z bo? d 9 ! female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,n>:als1 ,,male ,,& ,,female4 ,! n>:al1 f m\? to tail1 is ab\t tw5ty feet long1 ?\gh individuals measur+ ?irty feet are sometimes met )4 ,its head is %ort1 & ! upp] "p convex2 its m\? small2 its spiracle1 or respiratory v5t1 duplicate )92 its tongue long2 ! pectoral f9s small4 ,! back1 :i* is convex & r wide1 has no f9s1 & %>p5s gradually t[>ds ! tail1 :i*1 z 9 o!r ,cetacea1 is horizontal4 ,! food ( ! n>:al1 ^: habits are rem>kably pacific1 consi/s ( m$us1 ! small] k9ds ( flat fi%1 & o!r m>9e animals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a /rik+ spectacle :i* frequ5tly greets ! eye ( ! voyag] 9 ! ,arctic seas is t ( a %oal ( dolph9s gamboll+ & leap+1 z if 9 ! v heyday ( enjoym5t4 ,! beluga1 sometimes call$ ! :ite :ale 7,delph9us leucos71 attracts att5tion by ! dazzl+ :it5ess ( its body & ! swiftness ( its movem5ts4 ,x frequ5ts ! e/u>ies ( ! ,obi & ! ,irti%1 ! ,mack5zie & ! ,copp]m9e1 :i* x sometimes asc5ds to a consid]able di/ance 9 pursuit ( ! salmon4 ,its l5g? v>ies f twelve to tw5ty feet2 x has no dorsal f92 & its head is r\nd1 ) a broad truncat$ sn\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,%oal ,,( ,,dolph9s4 ,! black dolph9 7,globicephalus globiceps7 is also an inhabitant ( ! ,pol> seas1 bo? beyond ,behr+ ,/rait1 & betwe5 ,gre5l& & ,spitzb]g54 ,x is1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly met ) 9 wat]s fur!r s\?4 ,its l5g? av]ages ab\t tw5ty-f\r feet1 & its circumf]5ce t5 feet4 ,its smoo? oily sk9 is blui%-black on ! upp]1 & an obscure :ite on ! l[]1 p>ts ( ! body4 ,tw5ty-two or tw5ty-f\r /rong int]lock+ tee? 9 ea* jaw =m its =midable app>atus ( (f5ce & def5ce2 its dorsal f9 is ab\t fifte5 in*es high2 its tail five feet broad2 ! pectoral f9s are long & n>r[1 & well adapt$ to assi/ _! own] 9 its rapid movem5ts4 ,x consorts ) its k9d 9 h]ds ( sev]al hundr$s1 "u ! guidance ( "s old & w>y males1 :om ! re/ foll[ z docilely z a flock ( %eep _! bell-we!r2 h5ce ! ,%etl&]s t]m x ! 8ca'+ :ale40 ,l>ge %oals are frequ5tly /r&$ on ! %ores ( ,norway1 ,icel&1 & ! ,orkney1 ,f>oe1 & ,%etl& ,isles1 furni%+ ! inhabitants ) a welcome booty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ! same latitudes belong ! f]oci\s orc or grampus 7,delph9us orca71 ! tig] ( ! seas1 :i* n only attacks ! porpoise & dolph91 b ev5 ! colossal :ale4 ,its broad deep body is black above & :ite b5ea?2 ! sides are m>bl$ ) black & :ite4 ,!re are ?irty tee? 9 ea* jaw1 ^? 9 front be+ blunt1 r\nd1 & sl5d]1 :ile ^? beh9d are %>p & ?ick2 & betwe5 ea* is a space fitt$ to receive ^? ( ! opposite jaw :5 ! m\? is clos$4 ,! back f9 ( ! grampus is ( great size2 sometimes measur+ z mu* z six feet 9 l5g?1 f ! base to ! tip4 ,! grampus g5]ally voyages 9 small squadrons ( f\r or five individuals1 foll[+ ea* o!r 9 s+le file1 & alt]nately ris+ & s9k+ 9 su* a mann] z to resemble ! undulatory motions ( a huge krak5 or sea-s]p5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among ! inhabitants ( ! ,pol> ,ocean mu/ c]ta9ly be includ$ ! ,pol> be> 7,?alass>ctos m>itimus71 s9ce x swims & dives ) great dext]ity1 &1 moreov]1 is (t5 f\nd on ! drift+ ice-floes at a di/ance ( eighty to "o hundr$ miles f l&4 ,x is a creature ( great /r5g?1 great fi]c5ess1 & great c\rage1 ?\gh we may n accept ! exagg]at$ acc\nts ( x :i* enliv5 ! n>ratives ( ! e>li] voyag]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pol> ,,be>s4 ,a noble creature is ! ,pol> be>1 says ,%]>d ,osborn1 :e!r we speak ( him by ! le>n$ titles ( 8,ursus m>itimus10 8,?alass>ctos m>itimus10 or ! sailors' m expressive nom5clature ( 8,jack ,r\gh60 ,) all h] _m wond]s1 cont9ues ?is lively writ]1 nev] did ,nature create a creature m admirably adapt$ to ! life x has to lead4 ,half fle%1 half fi%1 ! seaman w&]+ 9 ! inhospitable regions ( ! ,nor? _c b be /ruck ) ! appe>ance ( lat5t en]gy & p[] its e action atte/s1 z x rolls 9 a li! & swagg]+ way ov] ! r\gh surface ( ! froz5 sea2 or1 dur+ ! brief ,arctic summ]1 haunts ! brok5 & trea*]\s 8pack0 9 se>* ( its prey4 ,:5 n too load$ ) fat--& x seems to fatt5 readily--! pace ( ! be> is leisurely & easy1 yet at its sl[e/ x is equal to t ( a good p$e/rian2 & :5 al>m$ or irritat$1 its spe$ is surpris+1 ?\gh n graceful4 ,on level ice1 x fl+s itself ahead1 z x 71 by a viol5t j]k+ motion ( ! p[]ful =e paws1 9 :at has be5 describ$ z an 8unga9ly gallop20 b x always makes1 :5 x c1 = r\gh ice1 :]e its /r5g? & agility are be/ display$1 & :]e nei!r man nor dog c ov]take x4 ,9 ! ,que5's ,*annel1 dur+ ,capta9 ,m',clure's exp$ition1 m ?an "o be> 0 se5 mak+ its way ov] brok5-up ice1 rugg$ & precipit\s z ! m9d c picture1 ) a truly wond]ful facility2 _! p[]ful =e paws & h9d legs enabl+ !m to spr+ f piece to piece1 scal+ "o fragm5t & slid+ d[n ano!r ) ! activity ( a huge quadrumane r ?an t ( a quadrup$4 ,evid5tly x is consci\s ( its sup]iority 9 su* r\gh & p]il\s gr\nd1 & is g5]ally f\nd at ! edge ( ! belts ( hummocks or brok5 ice :i* int]sect mo/ ice-fields1 or else among/ ! froz5 pack-ice ( *annels su* z ,b>r['s & ! ,que5's4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r reason :y be>s keep among hummocks & pack-ice--namely1 t ne> su* spots wat] usually fir/ makes its appe>ance 9 ! summ]4 ,seals1 consequ5tly1 are mo/ num]\s !re2 :ile ! inequalities ( ! floe af=d %elt] to ! be>s 9 approa*+ _! prey4 ,dur+ summ] ! col\r ( ! ,pol> be> is ( a dull yell[i% hue1 closely resembl+ t ( decay+ sn[ or ice4 ,! fur is !n ?91 & ! hair on ! soles ( _! feet almo/ :olly rubb$ (f1 z ) ! o!r animals ( ,arctic climes2 b 9 ! autumn1 :5 ! body has recov]$ f ! privations ( ! previ\s w9t]1 & a ?ick coat+ ( blubb] ov]lays 8 c>cass to meet ! exig5cies ( ano!r season ( scanty f>e1 ! feet1 z ! season advances1 are beautifully incas$ & fea!r$ ) hair1 & ! animal's col\r usually turns to a v pale /raw1 :i*1 f p>ticul> po9ts ( view1 z ! light /rikes x1 looks :ite1 or ne>ly s4 ,! nose & lips are ( a jetty black2 ! eyes v>y 9 col\r4 ,br[n is common1 b "s h be5 se5 ) eyes ( a pale gray4 ,_! s5se ( smell is peculi>ly acute1 facilitat$ no d\bt by ! peculi> mann] 9 :i* ! pure ke5 air ( ! ,nor? c>ries sc5t to v consid]able di/ances4 ,%]>d ,osborn /ates t be>s h be5 se5 to foll[ up a sc5t1 exactly z dogs w\ld d2 & ! floes ab\t ,l[!r ,isl&1 9 #ahea1 look$ z if ! be>s _h qu>t]$ !re 9 se>* ( seals1 aft] ! fa%ion ( a po9t] 9 ! gre5 fields ( ,engl&4 ,! snort+ noise :i* !y make z !y approa* ne> indicates h[ mu* m confid5ce !y place 9 _! sc5t ?an 9 _! vision2 ?\gh bo?1 :5 ! hunt] is conc]n$1 are apt to deceive !m4 ,! ,pol> be> atta9s to v =midable proportions2 b :5 seam5 speak ( mon/]s fifte5 feet 9 l5g?1 _! auditors may be excus$ = )hold+ _! belief4 ,t5 feet w\ld seem to be a maximum2 & ! be> ne$ be l>ge1 /rong1 & muscul> to ma/] ! l>ge ,arctic seal1 especially ! saddle-back & bladd]-nose species4 ,= ?\gh x swims well & dives well1 x nei!r swims nor dives z well z ! seal1 & w\ld !re=e h b little *ance ( obta9+ a suffici5t livelihood if x c\ld n attack & capture its victim on ! ice-floes4 ,! seal1 on ! o!r h&1 fully aw>e ( its dang]1 & ( ! only means ( escap+ f x1 always keeps close to ! wat]1 :e!r x be ! hole x has gnaw$ & brok5 ?r\gh ! ice1 or ! op5 sea at ! floe edge4 ,& :5 x lies bask+ on ! float+ ice1 & app>5tly apa!tic & le?>gic1 no?+ c exce$ its vigilance4 ,) its magnific5t eyes x is able to sweep a wide range ( ! horizon1 h[ev] slightly x turns its head2 its ke5ness ( he>+ adds to its security4 ,!re is some?+ peculi>ly /rik+ 9 its cont9u\s wat*fulness4 ,n[ x raises its head & looks ar\nd2 n[ x is int5t on ! slighte/ s\nd t travels ov] ! crisp surface ( ! ice2 n[ x gazes & li/5s d[n its hole1 a ne$ful precaution aga9/ s subtle a hunt] z old ,bru96 ,x w\ld seem impossible to surprise an animal s vigilant & s w>y2 &1 inde$1 9 circumv5t+ its prey ! be> exhibits an a/ut5ess & a skill :i* ov]pass ! b\nds ( in/9ct1 & approa* closely to ^? ( reason4 ,f its sc5t & by its quick /rong vision ! be> appreh5ds ! position ( ! seal4 ,!n x ?r[s itself prone ^u ! ice1 & pr(it+ by inequalities :i* are invisible to human eyes1 gradually /eals ^u its de/9$ victim by a s(t & sc>cely p]ceptible movem5t ( ! h9d feet4 ,to hide its black muzzle1 x con/antly uses its =e feet2 & ?us1 only ! d+y :ite ( its coat be+ visible1 x is sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ f ! g5]al mass ( ! floe4 ,pati5tly x draws ne>] & ne>]2 ! seal1 mi/ak+ x = "o ( its own cong5]s1 or else yield+ to a fatal curiosity1 delay+ until its assailant1 ) "o spr+1 is ^u x4 ,yet1 z ! old adage says1 !re is _m a slip2 & ev5 9 ^! circum/ances ! be> does n always secure its fea/4 ,x is disappo9t$ sometimes j z ! prey seems )9 its grasp2 & h[ ke5 ! disappo9tm5t is c be appreciat$ only1 we are told1 by hapless ,arctic travell]s1 8:o h be5 h\rs crawl+ up1 dream+ ( delici\s seal's fry & ov]fl[+ fuel bags1 & se5 ! prey pop d[n a hole :5 )9 a hundr$ y>ds ( x40 ,! great muscul> p[] ( ! seal frequ5tly enables x to fl+ itself into ! wat] 9 spite ( ! be>'s ef=ts to hold x on ! floe2 ,bru91 h[ev]1 reta9s 8 grip1 = 8 div+ p[]s are n mu* inf]ior to ^? ( ! seal1 & d[n !y g toge!r6 ,sometimes ! be> proves victori\s1 ow+ to mortal injuries inflict$ ^u ! seal be=e x rea*es ! wat]2 sometimes x may be se5 reappe>+ at ano!r hole 9 ! floe1 or clamb]+ up ano!r loose piece ( ice1 app>5tly mu* mortifi$ by its want ( success4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be> ,,cat*+ ,a ,,seal4 ,z we h said1 ! be> dives well1 & is ne>ly z mu* at home 9 ! wat] z ^u ! ice4 ,if x cat*es sight ( a seal ^u a drift+ floe1 x w slide quietly into ! sea1 swim ) only ! tip ( its nose above ! wat]1 &1 div+ "u ! floe1 rea* ! v spot :i* ! hapless seal has reg>d$ z an oasis ( safety4 ,x is ?is /ratagem ( its enemy :i* has taught ! seal to wat* its hole s w>ily4 ,ev5 on ext5sive ice-fields fa/ to ! l&1 :]e ! be> _c conceal its approa* by tak+ advantage ( hummocks or o!r inequalities1 ! seal is n safe2 = !n ,bru9 drops d[n a hole1 & swims along "u ! ice-cru/ until x rea*es ! "o :]e ! poor seal is all unwitt+ly enjoy+ its la/ rays ( sun%9e4 ,! be>'s season ( pl5ty beg9s ) ! com+ ( ! spr+4 ,9 ,febru>y & ,m>* ! seal is giv+ bir? to h] "y1 :o are born bl9d & helpless1 & = t5 days are unable to take to ! wat]4 ,! poor mo!rs use e ef=t to protect !m1 b1 9 spite ( _! affectionate ex]tions1 a p]fect massacre ( ! innoc5ts takes place1 9 :i*1 n improbably1 ! ,arctic wolf is n less guilty ?an ! ,arctic be>4 ,voracity1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly proves its own ,nemesis1 & ! be>1 9 its eag] pursuit ( prey1 (t5 involves itself 9 s]i\s disa/]4 ,! seal in/9ctively bre$s z close z possible to ! op5 wat]4 ,b ! ice-floes1 dur+ ! e>ly equ9octial gales1 w sometimes break up & drift away 9 ! =m ( pack-ice2 a matt] ( indiff]5ce1 says ,osborn1 to ! seal1 b a "q ( life & dea? to ! be>4 ,borne af> on _! little islets ( ice1 rock$ by tempe/u\s wat]s1 buffet$ by icy gales1 numb]s ( ^! ca/aways are lo/ along ! :ole area ( ! ,pol> ,sea4 ,x is said t :5 ! gales bl[ d[n f ! nor?1 be>s are sometimes /r&$ 9 su* numb]s on ! %ores ( ,icel& z to endang] ! safety ( ! flocks & h]ds ( ! ,icel&ic peasants2 & !y h be5 kn[n to rea* ! coa/s ( ,norway4 ,be>s drift+ ab\t at a consid]able di/ance f ! l& are (t5 en\gh se5 by ! :al]s4 ,!y h be5 discov]$ fully sixty miles f %ore1 9 ,davis ,/rait1 )\t any ice 9 sight1 & utt]ly exhau/$ by long swimm+4 ,x is ?us t ,nature *ecks _! too rapid increase2 = beyond ! possibility ( ! wolf hunt+ x 9 packs & de/roy+ ! cubs1 !re seems no o!r limitation ( _! numb]s4 ,! ,eskimos are too few1 & too badly provid$ ) weapons1 to slaught] !m v ext5sively4 ,:]ev] seals ab\nd1 s d be>s2 9 ,b>r[ ,/rait & 9 ! ,que5's ,*annel !y h be5 se5 9 v num]\s troops4 ,! ,danes ass]t t !y are pl5tiful ab\t ! nor!rn settlem5t ( ,up]navik 9 ,gre5l&1 = n9e mon?s 9 ! ye>2 & f ! unit$ te/imony ( ! natives inhabit+ ! nor?-ea/]n portion ( ,baff9 ,bay1 & t ( ,dr4 ,kane1 :o w9t]$ 9 ,smi? ,s\nd1 x is evid5t t !y are pl5tiful ab\t ! polynias1 or op5 pools1 =m$ !re by ! action ( ! tides4 ,9 ! summ] mon?s1 :5 ! be> is load$ ) fat1 x is easily hunt$ d[n1 = !n x c nei!r move swiftly nor run long2 b 9 deep w9t] its voracity & its great /r5g? r5d] x a =midable enemy to unciviliz$ & un>m$ man4 ,usually x avoids com+ into contact ) our ,briti% seam51 ?\gh in/ances are on record ( fi]cely conte/$ engagem5ts1 9 :i* ,bru9 has ) difficulty be5 defeat$4 ,x is folly1 says ,%]>d ,osborn1 to talk ( ! ,pol> be> hib]nat+3 :atev] be>s may d on ! ,am]ican cont95t1 !re is only "o ,arctic navigator :o ev] saw a be>'s ne/6 ,be>s 7 se5 at all po9ts visit$ by our sailors 9 ! c\rse ( ,m',clure's exp$ition2 at all times & 9 all temp]atures2 males or females1 & sometimes females ) _! cubs4 ,9 mid-w9t]1 z well z 9 midsumm]1 !y evid5tly frequ5t$ spots :]e tides or curr5ts occasion$ ei!r wat] to con/antly exi/1 or only all[$ su* a ?9 coat+ ( ice to =m t ! seal or walrus c\ld easily break ?r\gh4 ,t ! ,pol> be> does n will+ly attack man1 except :5 hotly pursu$ or :5 suff]+ f extreme want1 is ass]t$ by sev]al good au?orities1 & confirm$ by an exp]i5ce :i* ,dr4 ,hayes relates4 ,he 0 /roll+ "o day along ! %ore1 & obs]v+ ) mu* int]e/ ! effect ( ! rec5t spr+-tides ^u ! ice-foot1 :51 r\nd+ a po9t ( l&1 he sudd5ly f\nd himself confront$ 9 ! full moonlight by an enorm\s be>4 ,x _h j sprung d[n f ! l&-ice1 & met ,dr4 ,hayes at full trot1 s t !y caught sight ( ea* o!r1 man & brute1 at ! same mom5t4 ,be+ )\t a rifle or o!r means ( def5ce1 ,dr4 ,hayes sudd5ly :eel$ t[>ds 8 %ip1 ) mu* ! same reflections1 probably1 ab\t discretion & val\r z occurr$ to old ,jack ,fal/aff :5 ! ,d\glas set ^u him2 b discov]+1 aft] a few l5g?y /rides1 t he 0 n 8gobbl$ up10 he look$ back ov] 8 %\ld]1 :51 to 8 gratification z well z surprise1 he saw ! be> spe$+ t[>ds ! op5 wat] ) a cel]ity :i* left no d\bt z to ! /ate ( its m9d4 ,x w\ld be difficult to det]m9e :i*1 on ?is occasion1 0 ! m fright5$1 ! be> or ,dr4 ,hayes6 99 99 99 99 99 ,a curi\s illu/ration ( ! comb9$ voracity & epicureanism ( ,bru9 is record$ by ,dr4 ,kane4 ,a ca*e1 or dept ( provisions1 :i* _h be5 con/ruct$ by "o ( 8 explor+ p>ties ) great c>e1 & 0 int5d$ to supply !m ) /ores on _! return j\rney1 !y f\nd completely de/roy$4 ,x _h be5 built1 ) e possible precaution1 ( rocks br\ght toge!r by heavy lab\r1 & adju/$ 9 ! mo/ skilful mann]4 ,s f> z ! means ( ! build]s p]mitt$1 ! entire con/ruction 0 mo/ effective & resi/+4 ,yet ^! 8tig]s ( ! ice0 seem$ to h sc>cely enc\nt]$ an ob/acle4 ,n a morsel ( pemmican 7pres]v$ meat7 rema9$1 except 9 ! iron cases1 :i*1 be+ r\nd1 ) conical ends1 defi$ bo? claw & tee?4 ,^! !y _h roll$ & paw$ 9 e direction1--toss+ !m ab\t l footballs1 al?\gh upw>ds ( eighty p\nds 9 weight4 ,an alcohol-case1 /rongly iron-b\nd1 0 da%$ into small fragm5ts2 & a t9 c ( liquor twi/$ almo/ into a ball4 ,! be>s' /rong claws _h p]=at$ ! metal1 & torn x up z ) a *isel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be>s ,,de/roy+ ,a ,,ca*e4 ,b ! burgl>s 7 too da9ty = salt meats4 ,= gr\nd c(fee !y _h evid5tly a reli%2 old canvas 0 also a fav\rite1--de gu/ibus non e/ disput&um2 ev5 ! flag :i* _h be5 re>$ 8to take possession0 ( ! icy wild]ness1 0 gnaw$ d[n to ! v /aff4 ,x seem$ t ! be>s _h enjoy$ a regul> frolic2 roll+ ! bread-b>rels ov] ! ice-foot & into ! brok5 outside ice2 & f9d+ !mselves unable to ma/icate ! heavy ,india-rubb] clo?1 !y _h amus$ !mselves by ty+ x up 9 unimag9able h>d knots4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! %e-be> displays a /rong affection = h] "y1 :i* %e w n des]t ev5 9 ! extremity ( p]il4 ,! explor] already quot$ furni%es an int]e/+ n>rative ( a pursuit ( "m & cub1 9 :i* ! =m]'s mat]nal qualities 7 t\*+ly exhibit$4 ,on ! appe>ance ( ! hunt+ p>ty & _! dogs1 ! be> fl$2 b ! little "o be+ unable ei!r to keep ahead ( ! dogs or to ma9ta9 ! same rate ( spe$ z its "m1 ! latt] turn$ back1 &1 putt+ h] head "u its haun*es1 ?rew x "s di/ance =w>d4 ,! cub be+ ?us safe = ! mom5t1 %e w\ld :eel r\nd & face ! dogs1 s z to give x a *ance to run away2 b x always /opp$ :]e x _h alight$1 until its "m came up1 & gave x ano!r =w>d impulse2 x seem$ to expect h] aid1 & w\ld n g =w>d )\t x4 ,sometimes ! "m w\ld run a few y>ds 9 advance1 z if to coax h] cub up to h]1 & :5 ! dogs approa*$ %e w\ld turn fi]cely ^u !m1 & drive !m back4 ,!n1 z !y dodg$ h] bl[s1 %e w\ld rejo9 ! cub1 & pu% x on1--sometimes putt+ h] head "u x1 sometimes seiz+ x 9 h] m\? by ! nape ( its neck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fight ,,) ,a ,,:ite ,,be>4 ,= "s "t %e conduct$ h] retreat ) equal skill & cel]ity1 leav+ ! two hunt]s f> 9 ! re>4 ,!y _h sight$ h] on ! l&-ice2 b %e l$ ! dogs 9-%ore1 up a small /ony valley :i* p5etrat$ into ! int]ior4 ,aft] go+ a mile & a half1 h[ev]1 h] pace slack5$1 &1 ! little "o be+ sp5t1 %e soon came to a halt1 evid5tly det]m9$ n to des]t x4 ,at ?is mom5t ! m5 7 only half a mile beh9d2 &1 runn+ at full spe$1 !y soon rea*$ ! spot :]e ! dogs 7 hold+ h] at bay4 ,! fight !n grew desp]ate4 ,! "m nev] mov$ m ?an two y>ds ahead1 con/antly & affectionately look+ at h] cub4 ,:5 ! dogs drew ne>1 %e sat ^u h] haun*es1 & tak+ ! little "o betwe5 h] h9d legs1 %e f\ght h] assailants ) h] paws1 ro>+ s l\dly t %e c\ld h be5 he>d a mile (f4 ,%e w\ld /ret* h] neck & snap desp]ately at ! ne>e/ dog ) h] %9+ tee?1 :irl+ h] paws l ! sails ( a w9dmill4 ,if %e miss$ h] aim1 n d>+ to pursue "o dog le/ ! o!rs %\ld p\nce ^u h] cub1 %e utt]$ a deep h[l ( baffl$ rage1 & on %e w5t1 paw+ & snapp+1 & fac+ ! r+1 gr9n+ at !m ) wide-op5$ jaws4 ,:5 ! hunt]s came up1 ! little "o app>5tly _h recov]$ its /r5g? a little1 = x 0 able to turn r\nd ) its dam1 h[ev] quickly %e mov$1 s z always to keep 9 front ( h] belly4 ,meantime ! dogs 7 actively jump+ ab\t ! %e-be>1 torm5t+ h] l s _m gadflies2 inde$1 x 0 difficult to fire at h] )\t runn+ ! risk ( kill+ ! dogs4 ,b ,hans1 "o ( ! hunt]s1 re/+ on 8 elb[1 took a quiet1 /eady aim1 & %ot h] ?r\gh ! head4 ,%e dropp$ at once1 & roll$ ov] dead1 )\t mov+ a muscle4 ,imm$iately ! dogs sprang t[>ds h]2 b ! cub jump$ ^u h] body & re>$ up1 = ! fir/ "t gr[l+ ho>sely4 ,!y seem$ q afraid ( ! little creature1 %e f\ght s actively1 & made s mu* noise2 &1 :ile te>+ m\?fuls ( hair f ! dead "m1 !y w\ld spr+ aside ! m9ute ! cub turn$ t[>ds !m4 ,! m5 drove ! dogs (f = a "t1 b 7 compell$ to %oot ! cub at la/1 z %e w\ld n quit ! body4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a /ill m /irr+ episode is record$ by ,dr4 ,kane1 :i* w fitly conclude our acc\nt ( ! ,pol> be>4 8,nannook6 nannook60 7,a be>6 a be>67 ,) ?is welcome %\t1 ,hans & ,morton1 two ( 8 att5dants1 r\s$ ,dr4 ,kane "o f9e ,saturday morn+4 ,to ! sc&al ( 8 dome/ic regulations1 ! guns 7 all impracticable4 ,:ile ! m5 7 load+ & capp+ anew1 ,dr4 ,kane seiz$ 8 pill[-companion six-%oot]1 & ran on deck1 to discov] a m$ium-siz$ be>1 ) a f\r-mon?s' cub1 9 active w>f>e ) ! dogs4 ,!y 7 hang+ on h] skirts1 & %e1 ) rem>kable al]tness1 0 pick+ out "o victim aft] ano!r1 snat*+ him by ! nape ( ! neck1 & fl++ him _m feet1 or r y>ds1 by a sc>cely p]ceptible movem5t ( h] head4 ,tudea1 ! be/ dog1 0 already hors de combat2 he _h be5 toss$ twice4 ,j5ny1 ano!r ( ! pack1 made an extraord9>y som]set ( ne>ly fifty feet1 & alight$ s5seless4 ,old ,:itey1 a vet]an combatant1 /an*1 b n 8be>-wise10 _h be5 =emo/ 9 ! battle2 soon he lay yelp+1 helplessly1 on ! sn[4 ,x seem$ z if ! battle 7 at an end2 & nannook c]ta9ly ?\ght s1 = %e turn$ aside to ! beef-b>rels1 & began ) ! utmo/ composure to turn !m ov]1 & nose out _! fatness4 ,a be> m innoc5t ( fe> does n figure 9 ! old1 old /ories ( ,b>5ts & ! ,spitzb]g5 explor]s4 ,dr4 ,kane n[ lodg$ a pi/ol-ball 9 ! side ( ! cub4 ,at once ! "m plac$ h] little "o betwe5 h] h9d legs1 &1 %ov+ x along1 made h] way to ! re> ( ! /ore or 8beef-h\se40 ,z %e w5t %e receiv$ a rifle-%ot1 b sc>cely seem$ to notice x4 ,by ! unaid$ ef=ts ( h] =e arms %e tore d[n ! b>rels ( froz5 beef :i* made ! triple walls ( ! /ore-h\se1 m\nt$ ! rubbi%1 & snat*+ up a half b>rel ( h]r+s1 c>ri$ x d[n 9 h] tee?1 & prep>$ to slip away4 ,x 0 obvi\sly "t to arre/ h] movem5ts4 ,go+ up )9 half pi/ol-range1 ,dr4 ,kane gave h] six buck-%ot4 ,%e dropp$1 b in/antly rose1 & gett+ h] cub into its =m] position1 away %e sp$6 ,& ?is "t %e w\ld und\bt$ly h effect$ h] escape1 b = ! admirable tactics ( ,dr4 ,kane's can9e ,eskimo allies4 ,! ,smi? ,s\nd dogs1 he says1 are educat$ m ?or\ghly ?an any ( _! m s\!rn bre?r54 ,next to ! seal & ! walrus1 ! be> supplies ! /aple diet ( ! tribes ( ! ,nor?1 &1 except ! fox1 furni%es ! mo/ important elem5t ( _! w>drobe4 ,unlike ! dogs ,dr4 ,kane _h br\ght ) him f ,baff9 ,bay1 ! ,smi? ,s\nd dogs 7 tra9$1 n to attack1 b to emb>rass4 ,!y revolv$ 9 circles r\nd ! p]plex$ be>1 & :5 pursu$ w\ld keep ahead ) regulat$ gait1 _! comrades accompli%+ a div]sion at ! critical mom5t by a nip at ! nannook's h9d-qu>t]s4 ,?is 0 done 9 ! mo/ sy/ematic mann] possible1 & ) a truly wond]ful composure4 8,i h se5 be>-dogs else:]e10 says ,dr4 ,kane1 8t _h be5 drill$ to relieve ea* o!r 9 ! mle1 & avoid ! direct assault2 b "h1 two dogs1 )\t ev5 a demon/ration ( attack1 w\ld put !mselves be=e ! pa? ( ! animal1 & retreat+ "r & left1 lead him into a pr(itless pursuit t *eck$ 8 advance completely40 ,! un=tunate animal 0 /ill fight+1 & /ill retreat+1 emb>rass$ by ! dogs1 yet affectionately c>ry+ along h] w\nd$ cub1 & ?\gh w\nd$1 ble$+1 & fatigu$1 ga9+ gr\nd ^u h] pursu]s1 :5 ,hans & ,dr4 ,kane secur$ ! victory1 su* z x 01 = _! own side1 by deliv]+ a c\ple ( rifle-balls4 ,%e /agg]$ 9 front ( h] "y "o1 confront$ h] assailants 9 dea?-l defiance1 & did n s9k until pi]c$ by six m bullets4 ,:5 h] body 0 sk9n$1 no few] ?an n9e balls 7 discov]$4 ,%e prov$ to be ( m$ium size1 v lean1 & )\t a p>ticle ( food 9 h] /oma*4 ,hung]1 probably1 _h /imulat$ h] c\rage to desp]ation4 ,! net weight ( ! cleans$ c>cass 0 #cjj p\nds2 t ( ! entire animal1 #fej p\nds2 h] l5g?1 only #g feet #h in*es4 ,x is said t be>s 9 ?is lean condition are m palatable & :olesome ?an :5 fat2 & t ! impregnation ( fatty oil ?r\gh ! cellul> tissues makes a well-f$ be> ne>ly uneatable4 ,! fle% ( a fami%$ bea/1 ?\gh less nutriti\s z body-fuel or z a /imulat+ diet1 is r sweet & t5d] ?an o!rwise4 ,moral3 />ve y\r be> be=e y eat him6 ,! little cub 0 l>g] ?an ! qualify+ adjective w\ld imply4 ,%e 0 tall] ?an a dog1 & h] weight #aad lbs4 ,%e sprang ^u ! corpse ( h] slaught]$ "m1 & r5t ! air ) w(ul lam5tations4 ,all ef=ts to noose h] %e repell$ ) s+ul> f]ocity2 b at la/1 be+ completely muzzl$ ) a l9e fa/5$ by a runn+ knot betwe5 h] jaws & ! back ( h] head1 %e 0 dragg$ (f to ! brig amid ! upro> ( ! dogs4 ,dr4 ,kane ass]ts t dur+ ?is fight1 & ! compulsory som]sets :i* x involv$1 n a dog suff]$ s]i\sly4 ,he expect$1 f 8 k ( ! hugg+ prop5sity ( ! plantigrades1 t ! animal w\ld re>1 or x %e did n re>1 w\ld at lea/ use h] =e arms2 b %e inv>iably seiz$ ! dogs ) h] tee?1 & aft] dispos+ ( !m = a "t1 refra9$ f foll[+ up h] advantage1--probably because %e _h h] cub to take c>e (4 ,! ,eskimos /ate t ?is is ! habit ( ! hunt$ be>4 ,"o ( ! ,smi? ,s\nd dogs made no ex]tion :atev] :5 he 0 seiz$1 b all[$ himself to be flung1 ) all 8 muscles relax$1 a really fe>ful di/ance2 ! next in/ant he rose & r5ew$ ! attack4 ,accord+ to ! ,eskimos1 ! dogs soon le>n ?is 8possum-play+0 habit4 ,x w\ld seem t ! high] ! latitude1 ! m f]oci\s ! be>1 or t he increases 9 f]ocity z he rec$es f ! usual hunt+-fields4 ,at ,oom9ak1 "o w9t] day1 an ,eskimo & 8 son 7 ne>ly kill$ by a be> t _h h\s$ himself 9 an iceb]g4 ,!y attack$ him ) ! lance1 b he boldly turn$ on !m1 & h&l$ !m sev]ely be=e !y c\ld make _! escape4 ,! cont9u$ ho/ility ( man1 h[ev]1 has _h1 9 ,dr4 ,kane's op9ion1 a modify+ influ5ce ^u ! urs9e "* 9 ,s\? ,gre5l&2 at all ev5ts1 ! be>s ( t region nev] attack1 & ev5 9 self-def5ce seldom inflict injury ^u1 ! hunt]s4 ,_m in/ances h occurr$ :]e !y h def5d$ !mselves1 & ev5 *>g$ aft] hav+ be5 w\nd$1 b 9 none ( !m 0 life lo/4 ,a /\t ,eskimo1 an assi/ant to a ,dani% coop] ( ,up]navik1 fir$ at a %e-be>1 & ! animal clos$ at ! in/ant ( receiv+ ! ball4 ,! man _h ! pres5ce ( m9d to fl+ himself prone on ! gr\nd1 ext5d+ 8 arm to protect 8 head1 & aft]w>ds ly+ p]fectly motionless4 ,! bea/ 0 deceiv$4 ,%e gave ! arm a bite or two1 b f9d+ h] enemy did n /ir1 %e retir$ a few paces1 & sat ^u h] haun*es to wat*4 ,b h] wat* 0 n z w>y z x %\ld h be51 = ! hunt] dext]\sly reload$ 8 rifle1 & slew h] ) ! second %ot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t 9 approa*+ ! be> ! hunt]s %\ld take advantage ( ! cov] af=d$ by ! inequalities ( ! froz5 surface1 su* z its ridges & hillocks4 ,^! v>y 9 height1 f t5 feet to a hundr$1 & frequ5tly are pack$ s closely toge!r z to leave sc>cely a y>d ( level surface4 ,x is 9 su* a region t ! ,pol> be> exhibits 8 utmo/ spe$1 & 9 su* a region 8 pursuit is att5d$ ) no slight difficulty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& aft] ! day's lab\r comes ! night's re/2 b :at a night6 ,we "k :at night is 9 ^! temp]ate climes1 or 9 ! g5ial s\!rn l&s2 a night ( />s1 ) a deep blue sky ov]spread+ ! happy e>? l a dome ( sapphire3 a night ( brightness & s]5e glory1 :5 ! moon is high 9 ! heav51 & its s(t radiance seems to t\* tree & /ream1 hill & vale1 ) a t9t ( silv]2 a night ( /orm1 :5 ! cl\ds hang l[ & heavily1 & ! ra9 desc5ds1 & a wail+ ru%+ w9d loses itself 9 ! recesses ( ! %udd]+ woods2 we "k :at night is1 9 ^! temp]ate regions1 "u all its v>i\s aspects1--n[ mild & beautiful1 n[ gloomy & sad1 n[ gr& & tempe/u\s2 ! long d>k night ( w9t] ) its fro/y airs1 & its droop+ %ad[s ?r[n back by ! dead surface ( ! sn[2 ! brief bright night ( summ]1 :i* =ms s %ort a pause betwe5 ! ev5+ ( "o day & ! morn+ ( ano!r1 t x seems int5d$ only to af=d ! busy e>? a brea?+-"t2--b we c =m no idea ( :at an ,arctic ,night is1 9 all its my/]y1 magnific5ce1 & wond]4 ,/range />s light up ! heav5s2 ! =ms ( e>? are /range2 all is unfamili>1 & almo/ un9telligible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/alk+ ,a ,,be>4 ,x is n t ! ,arctic night makes a heavy dem& on our physical faculties4 ,aga9/ its rig\r man is able to def5d himself2 b x is less easy to provide aga9/ its /ra9 on ! moral & intellectual faculties4 ,! d>kness :i* clo!s ,nature = s long a p]iod reveals to ! s5ses ( ! ,european explor] :at is virtually a new _w1 & ! s5ses d n well adapt !mselves to t _w4 ,! *e]+ influ5ces ( ! ris+ sun1 :i* invite to lab\r2 ! soo?+ influ5ces ( ! ev5+ twilight1 :i* beguile to re/2 t quick *ange f day to night1 & night to day1 :i* s light5s ! burd5 ( exi/5ce 9 our temp]ate clime to m9d & s\l & body1 k9dl+ ! hope & r5ew+ ! c\rage1--all ^! are want+ 9 ! ,pol> _w1 & man suff]s & langui%es accord+ly4 ,! gr&eur ( ,nature1 says ,dr4 ,hayes1 ceases to give delight to ! dull$ sympa?ies1 & ! he>t longs cont9ually = new associations1 new hopes1 new objects1 new s\rces ( int]e/ & pleasure4 ,! solitude is s d>k & dre> z to oppress ! und]/&+2 ! imag9ation is haunt$ by ! desolation :i* ev]y:]e prevails2 & ! sil5ce is s absolute z to become a t]ror4 ,! lov] ( ,nature w1 ( c\rse1 f9d mu* t is attractive 9 ! ,arctic night2 9 ! my/]i\s coruscations ( ! aurora1 9 ! fl[ ( ! moonlight ov] ! hills & iceb]gs1 9 ! ke5 cle>ness ( ! />light1 9 ! sublimity ( ! m\nta9s & ! glaci]s1 9 ! awful wildness ( ! /orms2 b x mu/ be own$ t !y speak a language :i* is r\gh1 rugg$1 & sev]e4 ,all ?+s seem built up on a colossal scale 9 ! ,arctic _w4 ,colossal are ^? d>k & tempe/-beat5 cliffs :i* oppose _! grim ramp>t to ! ceaseless roll & ru% ( ! ice-clad wat]s4 ,colossal are ^? m\nta9-peaks :i* raise _! cre/s1 :ite ) unnumb]$ w9t]s1 into ! v heav5s4 ,colossal are ^? huge ice-riv]s1 ^? glaci]s1 :i*1 born long ago 9 ! dep?s ( ! f>-(f valleys1 h gradually mov$ _! pond]\s masses d[n to ! ocean's br9k4 ,colossal are ^? float+ isl&s ( ice1 :i*1 outrivall+ ! puny ar*itecture ( man1 8 temples1 palaces1 & pyramids1 drift away into ! wide wa/e ( wat]s1 z if ab&on$ by ! ,h& t call$ !m into exi/5ce4 ,colossal is t va/ %eet ( froz51 fro/y sn[1 %imm]+ ) a cry/all9e lu/re1 :i* cov]s ! icy pla9s = c\ntless leagues1 & /ret*es away1 p]haps1 to ! v bord] ( ! sea t is suppos$ to encircle ! unatta9$ ,pole4 ,9 ,dr4 ,hayes' acc\nt ( 8 voyage ( discov]y t[>ds ! ,nor? ,pole occurs a f9e passage descriptive ( ! v>i\s phases ( ! ,arctic night4 8,i h gone out (t510 he says1 8into its d>kness1 & view$ ,nature "u diff]5t aspects4 ,i h rejoic$ ) h] 9 h] /r5g?1 & commun$ ) h] 9 h] repose4 ,i h se5 ! wild bur/ ( h] ang]1 h wat*$ h] sportive play1 & h beheld h] rob$ 9 sil5ce4 ,i h walk$ abroad 9 ! d>kness :5 ! w9ds 7 ro>+ ?r\gh ! hills & cra%+ ov] ! pla94 ,i h /roll$ along ! bea* :5 ! only s\nd t broke ! /illness 0 ! dull creak+ ( ! ice-floes1 z !y rose & fell lazily ) ! tide4 ,i h w&]$ f> out ^u ! froz5 sea1 & li/5$ to ! voice ( ! iceb]gs bewail+ _! imprisonm5t2 along ! glaci]1 :]e =ms & falls ! avalan*e2 ^u ! hill-top1 :]e ! drift+ sn[1 c\rs+ ov] ! rocks1 sung its pla9tive song2 & aga91 ,i h w&]$ away to "s di/ant valley :]e all ^! s\nds 7 hu%$1 & ! air 0 /ill & solemn z ! tomb40 ,:oev] has be5 ov]tak5 by a w9t] night1 :5 cross+ "s sn[y pla91 or mak+ 8 way ov] ! hills & ?r\gh ! valleys1 9 ! deep drifts1 & ) ! icicles p5d5t f ! leafless b\ghs1 & ! :ite mantle ov]spread+ e object dimly disc]nible 9 ! d>kness1 w h felt ! awe & my/]y ( ! sil5ce t !n & !re prevails4 ,bo? ! sky above & ! e>? b5ea? reveal only an endless & unfa?omable quiet4 ,?is1 too1 is ! peculi> *>act]i/ic ( ! ,arctic night4 ,evid5ce !re is none ( life or motion4 ,no footfall ( liv+ ?+ breaks on ! long+ e>4 ,no cry ( bird enliv5s ! sc5e2 !re is no tree1 among ! bran*es ( :i* ! w9d may sigh & moan4 ,& h5ce x is t "o :o _h travell$ mu*1 & se5 _m dang]s1 & witness$ ,nature 9 _m phases1 0 l$ to say t he _h se5 no expression on ! face ( ,nature s fill$ ) t]ror z ! sil5ce ( ! ,arctic night4 ,b by degrees ! d>kness gr[s less int5se1 & ! com+ ( ! day is ann\nc$ by ! preval5ce ( a k9d ( twilight1 :i* increases m & m rapidly z w9t] passes into spr+4 ,!re are signs t ,nature is awak5+ once m to life & motion4 ,! foxes come out ^u ! hill side1 bo? blue & :ite1 & gallop hi!r & ?i!r 9 se>* ( food1--foll[+ 9 ! track ( ! be>1 to fe$ on ! refuse :i* ! 8tig] ( ! ice0 ?r[s aside4 ,! walrus & ! seal come m frequ5tly to l&2 & ! latt] beg9s to assemble on ! ice-floes1 & select its bre$+-places4 ,at l5g?1 e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 broad daylight comes at noon1 & !n ! we>y explor] rejoices to "k t ! end is ne>4 ,flocks ( speckl$ birds arrive1 & %elt] !mselves "u ! lee ( ! %ore2 *iefly dove-kies1 z !y are call$ 9 ,s\!rn ,gre5l&--! ,uria grylle ( ! naturali/4 ,at la/1 on ! #ah? or #ai? ( ,febru>y1 ! sun once m makes its appe>ance above ! s\!rn horizon1 & is welcom$ z "o welcomes a fri5d :o has be5 long lo/1 & is f\nd aga94 ,^u ! cre/s ( ! hills light cl\ds are float+ lazily1 & ?r\gh ^! ! glori\s orb is p\r+ a /ream ( gold5 fire1 & all ! s\!rn sky quiv]s1 z x 71 ) ! %oot+1 %ift+ spl5d\rs ( ! com+ day4 ,pres5tly a s(t bright ray breaks ?r\gh ! vapor\s haze1 k9dl+ x into a purple sea1 & t\*es ! silv]y summits ( ! l(ty iceb]gs until !y seem l domes & p9nacles ( flame4 ,ne>] & ne>] comes t auspici\s ray1 & wid5s z x comes2 & t purple sea enl>ges 9 e direction2 & ^? domes & p9nacles ( flame multiply 9 quick succession z !y feel ! passage ( ! quick5+ light2 & ! d>k r$ cliffs are w>m$ ) an indescribable gl[2 & a my/]i\s *ange passes ov] ! face ( ! ocean2 & all ,nature ackn[l$ges ! pres5ce ( ! sun6 8,! p>5t ( light & life ev]y:]e10 says ,dr4 ,hayes1 8he is ! same )9 ^! solitudes4 ,! g]m awaits him "h z 9 ! ,ori5t2 b !re x re/s only ?r\gh ! %ort h\rs ( a summ] night1 :ile "h x reposes = mon?s "u a %eet ( sn[s4 ,b aft] a :ile ! bright sun w te> ?is %eet asund]1 & w tumble x 9 gu%+ f\nta9s to ! sea1 & w kiss ! cold e>?1 & give x w>m? & life2 & ! fl[]s w bud & bloom1 & w turn _! t9y faces smil+ly & gratefully up to him1 z he w&]s ov] ^! anci5t hills 9 ! long summ]4 ,! v glaci]s w weep te>s ( joy at 8 com+4 ,! ice w loose its iron grip ^u ! wat]s1 & w let ! wild waves play 9 fre$om4 ,! re9de] w skip gleefully ov] ! m\nta9s to welcome 8 return1 & w look long+ly to him = ! gre5 pa/ures4 ,! sea-f[ls1 kn[+ t he w give !m a re/+-place = _! feet on ! rocky isl&s1 w come to seek ! moss-b$s :i* he spreads = _! ne/s2 & ! sp>r[s w come on 8 life-giv+ rays1 & w s+ _! love-songs ?r\gh ! endless day40 ,) ! sun return ! ,arctic birds1 & be=e we quit ! realm ( wat]s we propose to glance at a few ( ^? :i* frequ5t ! cliffs & %ores dur+ ! brief ,pol> summ]4 ,among ! fir/-com]s is ! dove-kie or black guillemot 7,uria grylle71 :i* migrates to ! temp]ate climates on ! approa* ( w9t]1 visit+ ,labrador1 ,norway1 ,scotl&1 & ev5 desc5d+ z f> s\? z ,york%ire4 ,9 fact1 we "k ( no bett] place :]e to obs]ve its habits ?an along ! imm5se range ( p]p5dicul> cliffs /ret*+ f ,flambor\gh ,head to ,filey ,bay4 ,"h1 on ! b>e l$ges ( ?is colossal ocean-wall1 ! guillemot lays its eggs1 b )\t ! protection ( a ne/2 "s ( !m p>allel ) ! edge ( ! %elf1 o!rs ne>ly s1 & o!rs ) _! blunt & %>p ends indiscrim9ately po9t+ to ! sea4 ,!y are n affix$ to ! rock by any glut9\s matt]1 or any =eign sub/ance :atev]4 ,y may see z _m z n9e or t51 or sometimes twelve1 old guillemots 9 a l9e1 s ne> to ea* o!r t _! w+s almo/ t\*4 ,! eggs v>y greatly 9 size & %ape & col\r4 ,"s are l>ge1 o!rs small2 "s exce$+ly %>p at "o end1 o!rs rotund & globul>4 ,x is said t1 if undi/urb$1 ! guillemot nev] lays m ?an "o egg2 b if t be tak5 away1 %e w lay ano!r1 & s on4 ,b ,audubon ass]ts t he has se5 ^! birds sitt+ on z _m z ?ree eggs at a "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sea-,,birds ,,9 ,,! ,,pol> ,,regions4 ,! black guillemot diff]s f ! fooli% guillemot 7,uria troile7 only 9 ! col\r ( its plumage1 :i*1 ) ! exception ( a l>ge :ite pat* on ! cov]ts ( ea* w+1 is black1 silky1 & glossy2 ! fea!rs appe>+ to be all unwebb$1 l silky filam5ts or f9e hair4 ,! bill1 9 all ! species1 is sl5d]1 /rong1 & po9t$2 ! upp] m&ible b5d+ slightly ne> ! end1 & ! base cov]$ ) s(t %ort fea!rs4 ,! food ( ! guillemot consi/s ( fi% & o!r m>9e products4 ,! ,alcid1 or auks1 are also includ$ among/ ! ,arctic birds4 ,! little auk 7,arctica alca7 frequ5ts ! c\ntries /ret*+ nor?w>ds f our latitudes to ! regions ( p]petual ice1 & is f\nd 9 ! ,pol> ,regions bo? ( ! ,old ,_w & ! ,new4 ,"h1 inde$1 !y congregate 9 almo/ innum]able flocks4 ,at e>ly morn !y sally =? to get _! breakfa/1 :i* consi/s ( diff]5t v>ieties ( m>9e inv]tebrates1 *iefly cru/aceans1 ) :i* ! ,arctic wat]s teem4 ,!n !y return to ! %ore 9 imm5se sw>ms4 ,x w\ld be impossible1 says an ,arctic voyag]1 to convey an adequate idea ( ! numb]s ( ^! birds :i* sw>m$ ar\nd him4 ,! slope on bo? sides ( ! valley 9 :i* he _h pit*$ 8 camp rose at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees to a di/ance ( f #cjj to #ejj feet1 :]e x met ! cliffs1 :i* /ood ab\t #gjj feet high]4 ,^! hill-sides are compos$ ( ! loose rocks deta*$ f ! cliffs by ! action ( ! fro/4 ,! birds crawl among ^! rocks1 w9d+ f> 9 ?r\gh n>r[ places1 & !re deposit _! eggs & hat* _! "y1 secure f _! great enemy1 ! ,arctic fox4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,auk4 ,on "o occasion1 !y 7 congregat$ along a slope1 fully a mile 9 l5g?1 & ov] ?is slope ru%$ a con/ant /ream ( birds1 only a few feet above ! /ones2 &1 aft] mak+ 9 _! rapid flight ! :ole l5g? ( ! hill1 !y return$ high] 9 ! air1 p]=m+ ov] & ov] aga9 ! complete circuit4 ,occasionally a few hundr$s or ?\s&s ( !m w\ld drop d[n1 z if foll[+ "s lead]2 & 9 an in/ant ! rocks1 = a space ( sev]al rods1 w\ld sw>m all ov] ) !m1 _! black backs & pure :ite brea/s speckl+ ! hill v prettily4 ,?\gh quantities are de/roy$ by ! crews ( vessels z well z by ! ,eskimos1 _! numb]s nev] seem to decrease4 ,_! fle% is bo? :olesome & delicate1 & af=ds a welcome *ange ( diet to ! m>9] we>y ( salt meat & pemmican4 ,!y are v tame1 & easily captur$1--9 "s places be+ actually caught 9 h&-nets1 l mo?s or butt]flies2 & !y pass a great portion ( _! "t on ! ocean1 :]e !y disport !mselves ) equal grace & self-possession4 ,! />akis 7,phal]id97 inhabit ! ar*ipelagoes :i* lie betwe5 ,*9a & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,!y assemble 9 small flocks1 & swim ab\t 9 que/ ( ! cru/aceans1 molluscs1 & o!r m>9e animals on :i* !y fe$4 ,at nightfall !y return to l&1 :]e !y f9d %elt] "u ! l$ges ( ! rocks1 or 9 burr[s dug ) _! bill & feet1 ,! female lays a solit>y egg4 ,! auks ab\nd 9 ! high nor!rn latitudes4 ,!y are all ocean-birds1 & are nev] f\nd1 l ! div]s1 9 fre%-wat] /reams & lakes4 ,^? species :i* possess ! p[] ( flight ne/le on ! rocky cliffs & iceb]gs1 :]e !y lay a s+le egg1 ( conical =m2 a %ape :i* prev5ts x f roll+ away1 or mov+1 except )9 a v n>r[ circle1 on ! b>e rocky l$ge :]e x is deposit$4 ,! puff9s 7,frat]cola71 :i* 9 w9t] ab\nd on our own %ores1 live *iefly on ! wat]4 ,!y dive & swim ) dext]ity1 b1 ow+ to ! %ortness ( _! w+s1 are capable only ( limit$ flight4 ,_! plumage is ?ick1 smoo?1 & d5se1 & s completely ?r[s (f ! wat] t x is q imp]vi\s to wet2 :ile _! deep1 compress$1 & po9t$ beak1 resembl+ exactly a d\ble keel1 is admirably adapt$ z an in/rum5t = cutt+ ! waves :5 ! bird wi%es to dive4 ,! puff9s live pr9cipally ^u sprats & o!r small fi%es2 & ! food int5d$ = _! "y !y reta9 until p>tially dige/$1 :5 !y disgorge x into _! m\?s4 ,l all ! auks1 ! "m-bird lays b "o egg4 ,! appe>ance ( an isl& or iceb]g frequ5t$ by ^! birds is v vividly sket*$ by ,audubon1 ?an :om no naturali/ has ev] m completely atta9$ a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! ,bird-,_w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,puff9s4 ,he tells u t on e crag or /one /ood a puff91 at ! entrance ( e hole ano!r1 & yet ! sea 0 cov]$ & ! air fill$ ) !m4 ,! burr[s 7 all inhabit$ by "y birds1 ( diff]5t ages & sizes2 & cl\ds ( puff9s flew ov] u1 ea* individual hold+ a small fi% by ! head4 ,! burr[s all communicat$ ) ea* o!r 9 v>i\s ways1 s t ! :ole isl& seem$ to be p]=at$ by a multitude ( subt]ranean labyr9?s1 ov] :i* x 0 impossible to run )\t ! risk ( fall+ at almo/ e /ep4 ,! voices ( ! "y s\nd$ b5ea? ! travell]'s foot l voices f ! grave1 & ! /5* 0 exce$+ly disagreeable4 ,some?+ mu/ next be said ( ! m]gans]s 7,m]g971 a sub-family ( ! palmip$s1 :i* also belong to ! ,pol> _w4 ,_! pr9cipal *>act]s may ?us be /at$3 a /raight bill1 mu* compress$ on ! sides1 & convex t[>ds ! tip1 :i* is furni%$ ) a broad & mu*-hook$ nail2 ! w+s are mod]ate1 & po9t$2 ! tail is %ort & r\nd$2 ! t>si are %ort1 & ! toes mod]ate1 ! out] be+ z long z ! middle1 ! ?ree ant]ior ones unit$ by a full web1 :ile ! h9d toe is mod]ate1 elevat$1 & provid$ ) a broad web on its m>g94 ,f ^! *>act]s x is easy to inf] t ! bird is aquatic 9 its habits2 t x c swim & dive well2 t x is also capable ( /rong1 swift flight2 & t its food w consi/ *iefly ( fi%es4 ,! dun div] or goos&] 7,m]gus m]gans]7 is widely di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ,pol> ,regions bo? ( ! ea/]n & we/]n cont95ts4 ,dur+ its s\!rn migration1 x visits ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z well z ,france1 ,holl&1 & ,g]many2 b on ! approa* ( summ] x retires to ,sib]ia & ,kamts*atka1 ,icel&1 ,gre5l&1 & ! ,arctic %ores ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,goos&]4 ,9 ^! localities x con/ructs its ne/--always ne> ! edge ( ! wat]2 build+ x up ( grass1 roots1 & simil> mat]ials1 ) little reg>d to symmetry1 & l9+ x ) d[n4 ,x is plac$ sometimes among ! mossy1 we$y /ones2 & sometimes x is conceal$ 9 ! long grass1 or "u ! cov] ( bu%es1 or 9 ! /umps or holl[s ( decay$ trees4 ,! female lays f twelve to f\rte5 eggs1 ( a cream-yell[ col\r2 _! =m is a long oval1 bo? ends be+ equally obtuse4 ,! goos&] may be said to sp5d its "t 9 ! air & on ! wat]2 &1 9 tru?1 on ! l& x moves b labori\sly & awkw>dly1 ow+ to ! backw>d position ( its legs4 ,x rises ) difficulty f ! gr\nd2 b :5 once on ! w+1 its c\rse is swift1 /rong1 & /eady4 ,z x lives ma9ly ^u fi%1 its fle% is oily & ill-flav\r$2 a circum/ance :i* goes f> to comp5sate ! sportsman = ! frequ5t failure ( 8 attempts to capture x4 ,x is a wild & w>y bird1 & z x swims ) rapidity & dives ) ease1 x g5]ally effects its escape f all b ! mo/ exp]i5c$ hunt]s4 ,ano!r species :i* ab\nds 9 nor!rn latitudes is ! smew 7,m]gus albellus71 also kn[n z ! :ite nun or :ite m]gans]4 ,?is palmip$ is ab\t ! size ( a widgeon2 is ( elegant =m2 & its plumage beautifully col\r$ ) black & :ite4 ,its bill is ( a dusky blue1 ne>ly two in*es long1 ?icke/ at ! base1 & tap]+ into a sl5d]] & m n>r[ %ape t[>ds ! po9t4 ,an oval black pat*1 gloss$ ) gre51 m>ks ea* side ( ! head2 ! "u "p ( ! cre/ is black2 b all ! re/ ( ! head & neck1 z well z ! graceful brea/ & ! belly1 are :ite z sn[1 ) ! exception ( a curv$ black l9e on ea* side ( ! upp] "p ( ! brea/1 & simil> m>ks on ! l[] "p2 ! back1 ! cov]ts on ! ridge ( ! w+s1 & ! prim>y quills are black2 ! second>ies & great] cov]ts are :ite-tipp$2 :ile ! sides ( ! body1 "u ! w+s to ! tail1 exhibit a curi\s v>iegation ( d>k wavy l9es4 ,! legs & feet are ( a lead5 blue4 ,! range ( ! smew is v ext5sive1 = x migrates z f> s\?w>d z ! ,m$it]ranean1 :ile x is f\nd ev]y:]e 9 ! ,arctic ,regions4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bird 8,,baza>0 ,,9 ,,novaia ,,zemlaia4 ,on ! %ores ( ,novaia ,zemlaia1 z on ^? ( ,spitzb]g51 ! sea-birds arrive 9 c\ntless ho/s z soon z ! summ] sun has remov$ ! long & dre>y spell "u :i* ,nature lab\rs ?r\gh ! w9t] mon?s4 ,! n>r[ rock-l$ges on :i* !y congregate1 & :]e auks & guillemots assemble 9 ?\s&s1 ! ,russians call 8a baza>40 ,! l>ge gray sea-mew 7,l>us glaucus71 ! 8burgoma/]0 ( ! ,dut* :al]s1 pref]s ! lonely summits ( isolat$ cliffs1 :]e x c reign ! mon>* ( all x surveys4 ,! ivory gull 7,l>us eburneus7 is seldom f\nd 9 high nor!rn latitudes2 b ! common gull 7,l>us canus7 & ! black-back$ gull 7,l>us m>9us7 are almo/ z abundant z guillemots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,black-,,back$ ,,gull4 ,9 ,icel& "o ( ! mo/ useful1 & c]ta9ly n ! lea/ beautiful1 ( ! birds is ! eid]-duck 7,somat]ia mollissima71 :i* also frequ5ts ! %ores ( ,baff9 & ,hudson ,bays1 ,lapl&1 ,gre5l&1 & ,spitzb]g54 ,x loves to bre$ on ! small flat isl&s :i* lie (f ! coa/1 su* z ,ak5ey1 ,flutry1 & ,videy1 :]e x is secure f ! attacks ( ! ,arctic fox4 ,its bre$+-places 9 ,icel& are private prop]ty1 & "s ( !m h be5 = c5turies 9 ! possession ( ! same families1 :i* owe to ! birds all _! weal? & prosp]ity4 ,h5ce !y are v vigilantly gu>d$4 ,:oev] kills "o is f9$ ?irty doll>s2 & to secrete an egg1 or pocket a few d[ns1 is an (f5ce puni%able by law4 ,! *ief occupation ( "s ( ! proprietors is to exam9e ?r\gh _! telescopes all ! boats t approa*1 s z to be sure t !re are no guns on bo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eid]-,,duck4 ,z ! birds on ^! isl&s are q tame1 ! eid]-d[n is easily collect$4 ,! female hav+ laid five or six pale gre5i%-olive eggs1 9 a ne/ fa%ion$ ) m>9e plants1 & ?ickly l9$ ) d[n ( ! mo/ exquisite delicacy1 ! collectors c>efully remove h]1 rob ! ne/ ( its preci\s l9+1 & !n replace ! bird4 ,imm$iately %e beg9s to lay afre%1 & aga9 has rec\rse to ! d[n on h] body to protect h] eggs2 & %\ld h] own /ock be exhau/$1 z is n unfrequ5tly ! case1 %e is furni%$ ) an auxili>y supply by ! male4 ,ev5 ?is second l9+ is (t5 tak5 away1 & ! poor bird a ?ird "t repeats ! process1 bo? z reg>ds ! eggs & ! d[n2 b if ! plund]]s d n sp>e h] n[1 %e aft]w>ds ab&ons ! ne/1 & seeks a home 9 "s m seque/]$ nook4 ,z x comes to ! ,european m>kets1 ?is d[n1 :i* is highly valu$ on acc\nt ( its lightness1 ela/icity1 & w>m?1 occurs 9 balls ab\t ! size ( a man's fi/1 & weigh+ f ?ree to f\r p\nds4 ,su* is its f95ess & ela/ic quality1 t :5 a ball is op5$1 & cauti\sly laid ne> ! fire to exp&1 x w completely fill a quilt five feet squ>e4 ,x %\ld be not$1 h[ev]1 t ! d[n f dead birds is ( comp>atively little value1 hav+ lo/ its ela/icity4 ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( a visit to ,vigr 9 ! ,isafj>d>djufs1 a fav\rite resort ( ! eid]-duck 9 ! nor? ( ,icel&1 is furni%$ by ,mr4 ,%eph]d3-- ,z he approa*$ ! isl&1 he says1 he c\ld see flocks ^u flocks ( ! sacr$ birds1 & c\ld he> _! coo+s at a great di/ance4 ,l&+ on a rocky wave-worn %ore1 aga9/ :i* ! wat]s sc>cely rippl$1 he set (f to survey ! isl&4 ,! %ore he describes z 8! mo/ wond]ful orni?ological sight imag9able40 ,! ducks & _! ne/s 7 ev]y:]e4 ,great br[n ducks />t$ up "u 8 feet at e /ep2 & x 0 ) difficulty t he avoid$ tread+ on "s ( ! ne/s4 ,z ! isl& is b ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile across1 ! opposite %ore is soon rea*$4 ,on ! coa/ 0 a wall built up ( l>ge /ones1 j above ! high-wat] m>k1 ab\t ?ree feet high1 & ( consid]able ?ickness4 ,at ! bottom1 on bo? sides ( x1 alt]nate /ones _h be5 left out1 =m+ a s]ies ( squ>e comp>tm5ts 9 :i* ! ducks might make _! ne/s4 ,almo/ e comp>tm5t 0 occupi$2 & z ! human intrud] walk$ along ! %ore1 a long l9e ( />tl$ ducks flew out "o aft] ! o!r4 ,! surface ( ! wat] also 0 :ite ) ducks1 :o welcom$ _! 8br[n wives0 ) l\d & clamor\s coo+4 ,mr4 ,%eph]d1 on arriv+ at ! f>m-h\se1 0 receiv$ 9 ! mo/ hospitable mann]1 hospitality be+ "o ( ! special virtues ( ! ,icel&]4 ,he 0 mu* impress$ by ! appe>ance ( ! h\se1 :i* seem$ to be conv]t$ into "o l>ge duck]y4 ,! e>!n wall surr\nd+ x1 & ! w9d[-embrasures1 7 fill$ ) ducks2 on ! gr\nd1 encircl+ ! h\se1 0 a r+ ( ducks2 on ! slop+ ro( 7 seat$ ducks2 & a duck 0 p]*$ on ! door-scrap]6 ,a grassy bank close by _h be5 cut into squ>e pat*es l a *ess-bo>d 7a squ>e ( turf ( ab\t eighte5 in*es be+ remov$1 & a holl[ excavat$71 & all ^! squ>es 7 occupi$ by ducks4 ,a w9dmill 0 infe/$ ) !m1 & s 7 all ! out h\ses1 m\nds1 rocks1 & crevices4 ,9 fact1 ! ducks 7 ev]y:]e4 ,_m ( !m 7 s tame z to all[ ! /rang] to /roke !m on _! ne/s2 & _! mi/ress said !re 0 sc>cely a duck on ! isl& :i* w\ld n all[ h] to take its eggs )\t flight or fe>4 ,:5 %e fir/ became possessor ( ! isl&1 ! produce ( d[n f ! ducks did n exce$ fifte5 p\nds weight 9 ! ye>1 b "u h] c>eful nurture x _h ris51 9 tw5ty ye>s1 to ne>ly "o hundr$ p\nds annually4 ,ab\t a p\nd & a half are requir$ to make a cov]let = a s+le b$2 & ! d[n is wor? f twelve to fifte5 %ill+s p] p\nd4 ,mo/ ( ! eggs are tak5 & pickl$ = w9t] consumption1 "o or two only be+ left to hat*4 ,eid]-ducks congregate 9 num]\s flocks1 g5]ally 9 deep wat]2 !y dive ) wond]ful =ce1 & ?us are enabl$ to capture ! %ell-fi% :i* =m _! pr9cipal food4 ,if a /orm ?reat5s1 !y retire to ! rocky %ores :]e !y love to bre$ & re/4 ,! ,gre5l&]s kill !m ) d>ts1 pursu+ !m 9 _! little boats1 wat*+ _! c\rse by ! air-bubbles t come float+ upw>d :5 !y dive1 & dext]\sly aim+ at !m z soon z !y rise to ! surface we>i$4 ,_! fle% is eat5 by ! ,gre5l&]s1 b x is n well-flav\r$2 _! eggs1 h[ev]1 are held 9 high e/eem4 ,! k+ eid] 7,somat]ia spectabilis7 belongs to ! same g5us z ! =m]4 ,we suppose t e read] is acqua9t$ ) ! beautiful l9es 9 :i* ,t5nyson has embodi$ ! fable ( ! dy+ swan s++ its own dirge3-- 8,) an inn] voice ! riv] ran1 ,ad[n x float$ a dy+ swan1 ,& l\dly did lam5t4444 ,! wild swan's dea?-hymn took ! s\l ,( t wa/e place ) joy ,hidd5 9 sorr[3 at fir/1 to ! e> ,! w>ble 0 l[1 & full1 & cle>2444 ,b anon h] awful jubilant voice1 ,) a music /range & manifold1 ,fl[$ =? on a c>ol free & bold4444 ,& ! creep+ mosses & clamb]+ we$s1 ,& ! will[-bran*es ho> & dank1 ,& ! wavy swell ( ! s\gh+ re$s1 ,& ! wave-worn horns ( ! e*o+ bank1 ,& ! silv]y m>i%-fl[]s t ?rong ,! desolate creeks & pools among1 ,7 flood$ ov] ) eddy+ song40 ,b ! wild swan's voice1 ev5 9 its dea?-h\r1 has no su* musical sweetness z ! poet "h sets =?4 ,x is always h>% & dissonant1 & :5 x breaks on ! sil5ce ( ! ,arctic skies c>ries ) x an almo/ pa9ful impression4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,haunt ,,( ,,! ,,wild ,,swan4 ,! lakes ( ,icel&1 & its /reams1 ab\nd ) ^! beautiful birds4 ,!y are v num]\s on ! ,myvatn1 or ,great ,lake1 z well z ! wild duck1 ! scot]1 ! common goos&]1 ! r$-brea/$ m]gans]1 ! scaup duck1 & o!r ans]9es4 ,! wild swan is %ot or caught = its fea!rs1 :i* are highly priz$ = ornam5tal purposes4 ,x is sometimes f\nd 9 l>ge flocks1 sometimes 9 s+le pairs2 & besides ! lakes & /reams1 x frequ5ts ! salt & bracki% wat]s along ! coa/4 ,x is *iefly at ! pair+ season1 or at ! approa* ( w9t]1 t x assembles 9 multitudes2 & z ! w9t] advances x m\nts high 9 air1 & %apes its c\rse 9 se>* ( mild] climates4 ,! female builds h] ne/ ( ! )]$ leaves & /alks ( re$s & ru%es1 9 lonely & seque/]$ places4 ,%e usually lays six or sev5 ?ick-%ell$ eggs1 :i* are hat*$ 9 ab\t six weeks1 :5 bo? p>5ts assidu\sly gu>d & fe$ ! cygnets4 ,:5 full-gr[n1 ?is f9e bird measures ne>ly five feet 9 l5g?1 & above sev5 9 bread? across its ext5d$ w+s2 x weighs ab\t fifte5 p\nds4 ,! entire plumage is ( a pure :ite1 & next to ! sk9 lies a coat ( ?ick f9e d[n4 ,! weal? ( ! ,arctic & sub-,arctic seas is app>5tly inexhau/ible4 ,9 _m p>ts cod are pl5tiful1 & supply ! ,gre5l&]s ) a valuable article ( food4 ,! capel9 7,mullotus vitlosus71 :i* 9 ,may & ,june frequ5ts ! ,gre5l& wat]s1 is eat5 bo? fre% & dri$2 9 ! latt] case =m+ a useful w9t] provision4 ,! halibut is f\nd ( a l>ge size2 & ocean also contributes ! ,norway haddock1 ! salmon-tr\t1 ! lump-fi%1 & ! bull-head4 ,nor are ! cru/acea unrepres5t$3 long-tail$ crabs be+ abundant1 :ile ! common mussel may be ga!r$ almo/ ev]y:]e at ebb-tide4 ,! seas1 h[ev]1 gr[ poor] z we advance t[>ds ! ,pole1 & _m important species ( fi% d n p5etrate fur!r nor? ?an ! ,arctic ,circle4 ,yet ev5 :]e ^! are want+1 ! ocean-wat]s teem ) life2 & a rec5t writ] is fully ju/ifi$ 9 rem>k+ t ! va/ multitudes ( animat$ be+s :i* p !m =m a rem>kable contra/ to ! nak$ness ( _! bleak & desolate %ores4 ,! cold] surface-wat]s are1 z he says1 almo/ p]petually expos$ to a cold atmosph]e1 & be+ frequ5tly cov]$1 ev5 9 summ]1 ) float+ ice1 !y are n fav\rable to ! developm5t ( organic life2 b ?is adv]se influ5ce is modifi$ by ! high] temp]ature :i* con/antly prevails at a great] dep?4 ,contr>y to ! rule 9 ! ,equatorial seas1 we f9d 9 ! ,pol>-ocean an increase ( temp]ature f ! surface d[nw>ds1 9 consequ5ce ( ! w>m] "u-curr5ts1 fl[+ f ! s\? nor?w>ds1 & pass+ b5ea? ! cold wat]s ( ! sup]ficial ,arctic curr5t4 ,h5ce ! awful rig\r ( ! ,arctic w9t]1 :i* /rikes ! e>? ) a dea?-blight1 is n p]ceptible 9 ! ocean-dep?s1 :]e myriads ( organisms f9d a secure retreat f ! fro/1 & :5ce !y em]ge dur+ ! long summ]'s day1 ei!r to haunt ! %ores or asc5d ! broad riv]s ( ! ,pol> _w4 ,betwe5 ! p>allels ( #gd & #hj1 ,dr4 ,scoresby obs]v$ t ! col\r ( ! ,gre5l& sea v>ies f ! pure/ ultram>9e to olive-gre51 & f cry/all9e transp>5cy to /rik+ opacity2 & ^! appe>ances are n transitory1 b p]man5t4#h ,! aspect ( ?is gre5 semi-opaque wat]1 :i* v>ies 9 its locality ) ! curr5ts1--(t5 =m+ isolat$ /ripes1 & sometimes spread+ ov] two or ?ree degrees ( latitude1--is ma9ly due to small m$us & nudibran*iate molluscs4 ,_m ?\s&s ( squ>e miles mu/ lit]ally run riot ) life1 s9ce ! col\r$ wat]s we speak ( are calculat$ to =m "o-f\r? ( ! sea betwe5 ! #gd? & #hj? p>allels4 ,on ! ,gre5l& coa/1 :]e ! transp>5cy ( ! wat]s is s great t ! bottom & e object ^u x are cle>ly disc]nible1 ev5 at a dep? ( eighty fa?oms1 ! ocean-b$ is cov]$ ) gigantic tangles1 s z to rem9d ! spectator ( ! ocean-g>d5s ( ! ,tropical ,zone4 ,alcyonians1 s]tul>ians1 ascidians1 nullipores1 mussels1 & a v>iety ( o!r sessile animals incru/ e /one1 or congregate 9 e fissure & holl[ ( ! rocky gr\nd4 ,a dead seal or fi% flung into ! sea is soon conv]t$ into a skeleton1 x is said1 by ! myriads ( small cru/aceans :i* infe/ ^! nor!rn wat]s1 &1 l ! ants 9 ! equatorial =e/s1 p]=m ! "p ( scav5g]s ( ! deep4 ,x is evid5t1 f ! obs]vations ( ,pr(essor ,=bes1 t dep? has a v consid]able influ5ce 9 ! di/ribution ( m>9e life4 ,f ! surface to ! dep? ( #achj feet eight di/9ct zones or regions h be5 mapp$ out 9 ! sea1 ea* ( :i* has its own vegetation & inhabitants2 & ! numb] ( ^! regions mu/ n[ he increas$1 aft] ! a/oni%+ results ( ! deep-sea s\nd+s ( ,dr4 ,c>p5t] & ,pr(essor ,wyville ,?omson4 ,! *anges 9 ! diff]5t zones are n abrupt3 "s ( ! creatures ( an "u region always appe> be=e ^? ( ! region above x vani%2 & ?\gh !re are a few species ! same 9 "s ( ! eight zones1 only two are common to all4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ^? ne> ! surface h =ms & col\rs analog\s to ! inhabitants ( s\!rn latitudes1 :ile ^? at a great] dep? are analog\s to ! animals ( nor!rn wat]s4 ,h5ce1 9 ! sea1 dep? corresponds ) latitude1 z height does on l&4 ,mrs4 ,som]ville adds1 9 language ( mu* t]s5ess1 t ! ext5t ( ! geographical di/ribution ( any species is proportion$ to ! dep? at :i* x lives4 ,consequ5tly1 ^? :i* live ne> ! surface are less widely disp]s$ ?an ^? inhabit+ deep wat]4 ,! l>g] & m active inhabitants ( ! seas obey ! same laws ) ! re/ ( creation1 ?\gh _! prov9ces1 or regions1 are 9 "s in/ances v ext5sive4 ,above ! #dd? p>allel ! ,atlantic species frequ5tly correspond ) ^? ( ! ,pacific4 ,! salmon ( ,am]ica is id5tical ) t ( ! ,briti% ,isles1 & ! coa/s ( ,sw$5 & ,norway2 ! same is true ( ! ,gadid1 or cod4 ,! ,cottas1 or bull-head tribe1 are also ! same on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic2 increas+ 9 numb]s & specific diff]5ces on approa*+ ! ,arctic seas4 ,! same law holds good 9 ! ,nor? ,pacific1 b ! g5]ic =ms diff] f ^? 9 ! ,atlantic4 ,f ! prop9quity ( ! coa/s ( ,am]ica & ,asia at ,behr+ ,/rait1 ! fi% on bo? sides are ne>ly alike1 d[n to ,admiralty ,inlet on ! "o side1 & ! ,sea ( ,okhotsk on ! o!r4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,glaci]s4 ,z introductory to a description ( ! ,arctic ,glaci]s1 a few words on ! =mation ( sn[ seem necess>y4 ,briefly1 x may be said t sn[ is ! result ( ! cry/allization ( wat]4 ,! molecules & atoms ( all sub/ances1 :5 n con/ra9$ by "s ext]nal p[]1 build !mselves up into cry/als4 ,?is is true ( ! metals & m9]als1 if1 aft] hav+ be5 melt$1 !y are all[$ to cool gradually4 ,bismu? develops ! process 9 a v impressive mann]1 & :5 prop]ly fus$ & solidifi$ exhibits l>ge-siz$ cry/als ( s+ul> beauty4 ,9 l mann]1 sug> dissolv$ 9 wat] produces1 aft] evaporation has tak5 place1 cry/als ( sug>-c&y4 ,! ready cry/allization ( alum is kn[n to e s*ool-boy :o has dabbl$ 9 8*emical exp]im5ts40 ,*alk dissolv$ & cry/alliz$ becomes ,icel& sp>1 & assumes a v>iety ( fanciful & graceful %apes4 ,! diamond is cry/alliz$ c>bon2 & ! cry/alliz+ p[] is inh]5t 9 all our preci\s /ones1--sapphire1 topaz1 em]ald1 b]yl1 ame?y/1 ruby4 ,9 ! process ( cry/allization1 x is f\nd t ! m9ute/ p>ticle ( matt] is possess$ ( an attractive & a repell5t pole1 & t by _! natural action ! =m & /ructure ( ! cry/al are det]m9$4 ,! attract+ poles1 9 ! solid condition ( any giv5 sub/ance1 are firmly int]lock$2 b dissolve ! cohesion by ! application ( suffici5t heat1 & ! poles w rec$e s f> z to be practically beyond ea* o!r's range4 ,& ?us ! natural t5d5cy ( ! molecules to build !mselves toge!r is neutraliz$4 ,wat]1 = example1 z a liquid is1 to all appe>ance1 )\t =m2 b :5 suffici5tly cool$1 its molecules are br\ght "u ! influ5ce ( ! cry/alliz+ =ce1 & !n arrange !mselves 9 ! mo/ v>i$ & beautiful %apes4 ,:5 sn[ falls 9 calm air1 ! icy p>ticles pres5t !mselves 9 ! =m ( six-ray$ />s4 ,f ?is type !re is no dep>ture1 ?\gh ! appe>ance ( ! sn[-/>s 9 o!r respects is inf9itely v>i$4 ,x is wor? paus+1 z ,pr(essor ,tyndall rem>ks1 to ?9k :at wond]ful "w is go+ on 9 ! atmosph]e dur+ ! =mation & desc5t ( e sn[-%[]3 :at 8build+ p[]0 is br\ght into play6 & h[ imp]fect seem ! productions ( human m9ds & h&s :5 comp>$ ) ^? produc$ by ! =ces ( ,nature6 ,we h spok5 ( attract+ & repell+ poles2 b a few words ( explanation seem desirable4 ,e magnet possesses two su* poles2 & if iron fil+s be scatt]$ ov] a magnet1 ea* p>ticle becomes also end[$ ) two poles4 ,n[ suppose t simil> p>ticles1 devoid ( weight1 & float+ 9 ! atmosph]e1 come toge!r1 :at w happ58 ,obvi\sly1 ! repell5t poles w retreat f ea* o!r1 :ile ! attractive w approa*1 & ultimately int]lock4 ,fur!r3 if ! p>ticles1 in/ead ( a s+le pair1 possess sev]al pairs ( poles arrang$ at def9ite po9ts ov] _! surfaces1 y c !n picture !m1 9 ob$i5ce to _! mutual attractions & repulsions1 build+ !mselves toge!r 9 masses ( def9ite %ape & /ructure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>i\s ,,=ms ,,( ,,sn[-,,cry/als4 ,y h1 !n1 only to imag9e ! aque\s p>ticles 9 cold calm air to be gift$ ) poles ( ?is description1 compell+ ! said p>ticles to assume c]ta9 def9ite aggregates1 & y h be=e y\r m9d's eye ! invisible ar*itecture :i* creates ! visible & beautiful cry/als ( ! sn[4 ,! important "p play$ by ?is cry/alliz+ =ce 9 ice z well z sn[1 w be und]/ood f ! foll[+ rem>ks by ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 :o may ju/ly be describ$ z ! mo/ em95t liv+ au?ority on ! subject3-- ,at any temp]ature bel[ #cb ,f41--t is1 freez+-po9t1--! movem5t ( heat is suffici5t to loos5 ! molecules ( wat] f _! rigid bonds ( cohesion4 ,b at #cb ! movem5t is s dim9i%$ t ! atoms lock !mselves toge!r1 & unite 9 a solid4 ,?is act ( union1 h[ev]1 is controll$ by well-kn[n laws4 ,to ! un9tellig5t eye a block ( ice seems nei!r m int]e/+ nor m beautiful ?an a %eet ( glass2 b to ! in/ruct$ m9d ! ice is to ! glass :at an oratorio ( ,h&el is to ! scream ( a ballad-s+]4 ,ice is music1 glass is noise2 ice repres5ts ord]1 glass confusion4 ,9 ! latt]1 ! molecul> =ces h br\ght ab\t an inextricable int]tangl$ network2 9 ! =m]1 !y h wov5 a ri* & regul> embroid]y1 ! designs ( :i* are inf9itely beautiful4 ,let u suppose ourselves exam9+ a block ( ice4 ,9 :at way %all we get at its /ructure8 ,a sunbeam1 or if t be want+1 a ray ( electric light is ! anatomi/ to :i* we mu/ confide ! "w ( dissection4 ,we direct ?is ray /raight f our lamp across ! plate ( transp>5t ice4 ,x %iv]s into pieces ! icy edifice1 exactly rev]s+ ! ord] ( its ar*itecture4 ,! cry/alliz+ =ce1 = example1 _h sil5tly & sy/ematically built up atom aft] atom2 ! electric ray dislocates !m 7s to speak7 j z sil5tly & sy/ematically4 ,we elevate ! ice-block 9 front ( ! lamp1 s t ! light may n[ pass ?r\gh its sub/ance4 ,comp>e ! ray z x ent]s ) ! ray z x makes its exit2 to ! eye !re is no p]ceptible diff]5ce1 & its int5sity seems sc>cely dim9i%$4 ,b n s ) its heat4 ,z a !rmic ag5t1 ! ray 0 m p[]ful be=e its entrance ?an x 0 aft] its em]g5ce4 ,a portion ( its heat is arre/$1 is deta9$ 9 ! ice1 & ( ?is portion we n[ proce$ to avail ourselves4 ,:at w x effect8 ,we place a l5s 9 front ( ! ice ^u ! scre54 ,n[1 obs]ve ?is image 7see ,illu/ration71 ! beauty ( :i* is /ill v f> f ! real effect4 ,"h is "o />2 yond] is ano!r2 & 9 proportion z ! action cont9ues1 ! ice appe>s to resolve itself m & m into />s1 all ( six rays1 l sn[-cry/als1 & resembl+ a beautiful fl[]4 ,by mov+ ! l5s 9 & out1 we br+ new />s into sight2 & :ile ! action cont9ues1 ! edge ( ! petals is cov]$ ) ind5tations l ^? ( ! leaf ( a f]n4 ,probably1 few ( our read]s h any conception ( ! magical beauties conceal$ 9 a block ( ice6 ,let !m rememb] t prodigal ,nature works 9 ?is way ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4 ,e atom ( ! solid cru/ :i* cov]s ! froz5 wat]s ( ! ,nor?1 has be5 wr\ght out 9 ob$i5ce to ! law we h enunciat$4 ,nature is always & ev]y:]e h>moni\s2 & x is ! mission ( ,sci5ce to awak5 u to an appreciation ( its concords4 ,illu/ration3 ,,exhibition ,,( ,,ice-,,fl[]s ,,by ,,projection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ice-,,fl[]s4 ,!re is ano!r po9t ( our exp]im5t to :i* ! read]'s att5tion mu/ be direct$4 ,he sees ! fl[]s illum9at$ by ! ray :i* trav]ses !m4 ,b if he exam9es !m1 :ile turn+ ^u !m a ray :i* !y w reflect & s5d back to 8 own eye1 he w see 9 ! c5tre ( ea* a spot ) ! brightness ( burni%$ silv]4 ,he w be tempt$ to ?9k t ?is spot is a bubble ( air2 b1 by imm]s+ ! ice 9 hot wat]1 y c melt ! ice all ar\nd ! spot1--& :5 x alone rema9s1 y w see x dim9i% & disappe> )\t any trace ( air4 ,! spot is a vacuum4 ,su* is ! fai?fulness to h]self ) :i* ,nature op]ates2 ?us1 9 all h] op]ations1 does %e submit to h] own laws4 ,we "k t ice1 9 melt+1 contracts2 & "h we arre/ ! contraction1 z x 71 9 ! v act4 ,! wat] ( ! fl[]s _c fill ! space occupi$ by ! ice :i* by its fusion has giv5 bir? to !m2 h5ce ! production ( a vacuum1 ! insep>able companion ( ea* liquid fl[]4 ,! fragm5t ( compact ice ^: elem5ts assume su* beautiful cry/all9e =ms is itself a cry/al4 ,?is 0 %[n by ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 :o employ$ = ! purpose ( analysis t modifi$ =m ( light :i* we call pol>is$ light4 ,x is s+ul>ly well adapt$ to br+ out ! peculi>ities ( ! ma9 /ructure ( sub/ances1 ow+ to ! col\r$ figures :i* x outl9es on a scre5 aft] pass+ ?r\gh !m4 ,all cry/als ) an axis--su*1 = in/ance1 z ,icel& sp>--yield a s]ies ( brilliantly-t9t$ r+s1 trav]s$ by a regul>ly-=m$ cross entirely black4 ,z ice produces ! same figures1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 attribut+ to x ! same k9d ( cry/allization4 ,we mu/ note1 h[ev]1 t we are ref]r+ n[ to ! ?ick ice =m$ on our canals & lakes4 ,if we exam9$ ! fir/ film =m$ on ! surface ( ! wat]1 we %\ld discov] 9 x a completely irregul> cry/allization1 ! ray ( pol>is$ light produc+ only a mosaic ( v>i$ t9ts1 di/ribut$ )\t any ord]4 ,b x is easy to expla9 ! way 9 :i* ?is prim>y cru/ or film is produc$4 ,^? portions ( ! fluid mass 9 contact ) ! air are ! fir/ to freeze1 b ea* molecule ( ice ab&ons its heat to ! contigu\s wat]1 :i* !reby is slightly rais$ 9 temp]ature1 & ! result is a p>tial congelation4 ,! surface we are exam9+ !n pres5ts a network ( f9e ne$les int]cross$ 9 e direction1 & =m+ a k9d ( delicate lace1 ! me%es or int]vals ( :i* are gradually fill$ up4 ,:5 ! network is trans=m$ into a cont9u\s %eet1 ! loss ( heat is dim9i%$ m & m z ?is ext]nal cru/ gr[s ?ick] & ?ick]2 b ! developm5t ( ! ice inv>iably takes place by means ( long int]lac$ ne$les1 z ! read] may see = himself by break+ (f a portion f ! ne>e/ pond 79 w9t]71 & exam9+ ! sectional surface4 ,hav+ said ?us mu* 9 ref]5ce to ! cry/allization ( ice & sn[1 we proce$ to expla9 ! regelation & m\ld+ ( ice4 ,"s ye>s ago1 ,f>aday a/oni%$ ! sci5tific _w by a v curi\s exp]im5t4 ,splitt+ into two p>ts a piece ( ice1 he br\ght toge!r ! p>ts at ! mom5t t fusion took place on _! surfaces1 & !y unit$ imm$iately4 ,h[ are we to acc\nt = ?is effect1 :i* c be produc$ ev5 9 hot wat]8 ,:5 ! temp]ature ( wat] rises1 ! surface molecules fir/ become liquid1 !n gase\s2 be+ plac$ beyond ! co]citive action ( ! surr\nd+ p>ticles1 !y are easily set free2 transport$1 on ! contr>y1 into ! c5tre ( ! mass1 !y are br\ght absolutely "u ! influ5ce ( ?is action1 :i* induces a new solidification1--or1 to use ! sci5tific t]m1 a regelation4 ,9 ?is way x becomes easy to und]/& h[ v v>i\s =ms c be communicat$ by simple pressure to a fragm5t ( ice4 ,if ! obs]v] successively places a /raight b> 9 m\lds ( increas+ curvature1 he may easily compel x to assume ! %ape ( a r+ or ev5 ( a knot4 ,9 ea* m\ld1 x is true1 ! ice breaks2 b if ! pressure is kept up1 ! surfaces ( ! fragm5ts are br\ght into contact1 & adh]e s z to re-e/abli% a condition ( cont9uity4 ,a sn[ball may ?us be conv]t$ into a sph]e ( ice1 & ! sph]e1 by con/ant pressure1 into a cup or a /atue4 ,pr(essor ,tyndall ref]s to a rem>kable in/ance ( regelation :i* he obs]v$ "o day 9 e>ly spr+4 ,a lay] ( sn[1 n q two in*es ?ick1 _h fall5 on ! glass ro( ( a small cons]vatory1 & ! int]nal air1 w>m+ ! panes1 _h melt$ ! sn[ s f> z x 0 9 imm$iate contact ) !m4 ,! entire lay] _h slipp$ d[n ! pane1 & project$ beyond ! edge ( ! ro(1 )\t fall+1 & _h b5t & curv$ z requir$1 j l a flexible body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\ld+ ,,ice4 ,! sn[-fields :i* ov]spread ! upp] "p ( e glaci]1 :e!r 9 ! ,arctic ,regions or else:]e1 are compos$ ( cry/alliz$ sn[1 ^: fragile1 delicate1 & fairy-l ar*itecture endures s long z x rema9s dry1 b und]goes a great trans=mation :5 ! sun1 melt+ ! upp] /ratum1 all[s ! wat] to int]p5etrate its sub/ance4 ,! fluid1 congeal+ anew dur+ ! night1 trans=ms ! sn[ into ! condition te*nically kn[n z nv2 a t]m giv5 by ! ,swiss physici/s to a granul> mass compos$ ( small r\nd$ icicles1 disaggregat$1 b m adhesive ?an sn[-flakes1 & ( a d5sity int]m$iate betwe5 t ( sn[ & t ( ice4 ,"u ! pressure ( new lay]s1 & z a result ( infiltrations ( wat]1 ! nv unites1 & sold]s into ice ( con/antly increas+ compactness4 ,b glaci]-ice pres5ts "s o!r curi\s peculi>ities4 ,e abundant sn[-fall on ! summit ( ! m\nta9s =ms a lay] easily di/+ui%able f prec$+ lay]s--:i*1 9 mo/ cases1 h already pass$ into ! nv condition4 ,?is /ratification becomes m app>5t :5 ! :it5ess ( ! surface has be5 sulli$ by dirt or du/ waft$ on 8! w+s ( ! w9d40 ,x is p]ceptible also 9 ice2 b "h we mu/ n conf\nd x ) ano!r ph5om5on ( :i* ! cause is diff]5t1 ! ve9$ /ructure4 ,9 places :]e glaci]s h be5 accid5tally cut d[n 9 an almo/ v]tical direction1 ! section is f\nd to exhibit a s]ies ( p>allel ve9s1 =m$ by a beautiful & v transp>5t azure ice 9 ! mid/ ( ! g5]al mass1 :i* is ( a :iti% col\r1 & slightly opaque4 ,9 diff]5t glaci]s1 & 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same glaci]1 ^! blue ve9s w v>y 9 numb] & int5sity ( col\r+4 ,!y are specially beautiful 9 crevasses ( rec5t =mation1 & on ! sides ( *annels excavat$ 9 ! ice by t9y rills result+ f sup]ficial fusion4 ,n a few glaci]s exhibit ?is rem>kable ve9$ /ructure ?r\gh\t _! entire ext5t4 ,:5 a v]tical cutt+ exposes ! delicate azure network to atmosph]ic influ5ces1 ! s(t] ice melts prior to ! fusion ( ! blue ice :i* !n rema9s 9 _! deta*$ leaflets4 ,on exam9+ ^! att5tively1 we _c fail to rem>k ! abs5ce1 or1 at all ev5ts1 ! extreme r>ity1 ( air-bubbles1 ?\gh !y are s pl5tiful 9 ! co>s] ice4 ,pr(essor ,tyndall's explanation ( ?is ph5om5on is z int]e/+ z x is +5i\s4 ,:ile on a visit ( inspection to ! slate-qu>ries ( ,wales1 he _h occasion to /udy ! cleavage ( ! rocks :i* compose !m2 9 o!r words1 _! faculty ( divid+ naturally1 a prop]ty inh]5t 9 all cry/als4 ,! s*i/\s slate sep>ates easily into %eets1 & 9 trav]s+ diff]5t qu>ries "o sees t all ! planes ( cleavage are p>allel 9 ea*4 ,f ?is circum/ance our m5 ( sci5ce 7 at fir/ induc$ to look ^u slates z ! products ( ! /ratification ( diff]5t deposits4 ,su* an explanation1 h[ev]1 c\ld n be accept$ by ,tyndall1 :5 he obs]v$ t ! m9ute fossils emb$d$ 9 !m 7 con/antly mis%ap5 & flatt5$ 9 ! direction ( ! plane ( cleavage1 because ! great modification !y _h und]gone c\ld n h tak5 place 9 sup]impos$ /rata at ! bottom ( ! primeval sea4 ,he conclud$ t ^! s*i/s1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 subject$ to a consid]able pressure2 & fur!r1 t ?is pressure mu/ h be5 ex]cis$ at "r angles ) ! plane ( sep>ation ( ! diff]5t lay]s4 ,a long s]ies ( exp]im5ts prov$ t _m bodies1 :5 =cibly compress$1 exhibit 9 _! /ructure a v di/9ctly m>k$ lam9ation1 & frequ5tly ve9s ( v great beauty4 ,he c>efully exam9$ iron :i* _h pass$ "u ! /eam-hamm]1 or ?r\gh ! roll+-mill2 clay & wax 7 subject$ to ! hydraulic press4 ,9 all cases he detect$ signs ( cleavage2 & h5ce we are ju/ifi$ 9 ! inf]5ce t ! ph5om5on is inv>iably produc$ by pressure 9 all bodies ( irregul> int]nal /ructure4 ,su* is ! result ) glaci]-ice1 f ^: mass ! air-bubbles introduc$ by ! sn[ are gradually expell$4 ,at fir/ ( brilliant :it5ess1 x assumes1 9 ! p>allel lay]s correspond+ to ! planes ( cleavage1 ^? beautiful azure t9ts :i* *>act]ize ! ve9$ /ructure4 ,s little has x to d ) /ratification1 t 9 places :]e ?is is app>5t x has giv5 rise to a s]ies ( horizontal l9es1 :ile ! p>allel ve9+s1 9 ! same masses ( ice1 are all incl9$ at an angle ( ab\t #fj4 ,! t5d5cy to cleavage 9 compact ice w\ld seem to expla9 ! regul> =m ( ^? fragm5ts or deta*$ pieces ) :i* "s p>ts ( ! glaci]s are cov]$4 ,usually !y occur z cubes1 or z rectangul> p>allelopip$s4 ,! ,alp9e m\nta9e]s "n !m sracs1--9 allusion to _! resemblance to c]ta9 *eeses :i* be> ?is "n1 & :i* are manufactur$ 9 rectangul> boxes4 ,!y h be5 f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( a really colossal size1 measur+ fifty feet 9 l5g?1 bread?1 & dep?1 & z regul> 9 %ape z if !y _h be5 hewn ) a *isel4 ,!re are _m int]e/+ po9ts connect$ ) ! =mation & con/itution ( glaci]s :i* we %\ld gladly discuss1 b we are conf9$ by our limits to rem>ks ( a g5]al "*1 & we mu/ n[ pass on to speak ( ! ph5om5a att5dant ^u _! motion4 ,no d\bt1 ! travell] :o = ! fir/ "t comes 9 sight ( "o ( ^! huge ice-riv]s1 & sees ! mighty mass app>5tly root$ to its valley-b$1 solid1 un*angeable1 adamant9e1 f9ds x h>d to believe t x moves onw>d ) a c]ta9 & an unre/+1 ?\gh a gradual progress4 ,x looks l a noble riv]1 sudd5ly petrifi$ by "s ov]:elm+ =ce3 congeal$1 z x fl[$1 9 a mom5t1 by "s irresi/ible spell6 ,su*1 inde$1 is ! conception ( ! poet3-- 8,ye ice-falls6 ye t f ! m\nta9's br[ ,ad[n enorm\s rav9es slope ama94444 ,torr5ts1 me?9ks1 t he>d a mighty voice1 ,& /opp$ at once amid _! madde/ plunge6 ,motionless torr5ts6 sil5t cat>acts60 ,& ?is conception is ju/ifi$ by ! aspect ( ! glaci]4 ,?us1 ( ! ,glaci] du ,gant1 ,pr(essor ,tyndall says3--8,x /ret*es smoo?ly = a long di/ance1 !n becomes di/urb$1 & !n *anges to a great froz5 cascade1 d[n :i* ! ice appe>s to tumble 9 wild confusion4 ,above ! cascade y see an expanse ( %9+ sn[1 occupy+ an area ( "s squ>e miles40 ,b we %all see t "h1 z 9 ! _w ( man1 appe>ances are deceitful1 & t ! glaci] well des]ves to be call$ an ice-riv]1 9 allusion to its regul> & cont9u\s motion4 ,betwe5 ! sn[-fall 9 ! high] regions ( ! globe1 & ! quantity ( sn[ :i* e summ] disappe>s ?r\gh liquefaction1 ! diff]5ce is v consid]able4 ,! supply1 s to speak1 exce$s ! dem&1 & a residuum is annually left4 ,x is only bel[ ! p]petual sn[-l9e t ! sn[ creat$ & accumulat$ 9 w9t] is :olly melt$ 9 ! w>m season4 ,&1 !re=e1 if = any consid]able p]iod ! excess ^u any p>ticul> m\nta9 cont9u$ to accumulate1 imm5se masses ( ice w\ld gradually rise to ! extreme height 9 ! atmosph]e affect$ by aque\s ph5om5a4 ,r5du1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic prelate1 :o fir/ l$ ! way to ! discov]y ( ! true nature ( glaci]s1 says1 v ju/ly1--8,! economy ( ! _w w\ld be soon de/roy$1 if at c]ta9 po9ts accumulations ( matt] prevail$4 ,! c5tre ( gravity ( ! globe w\ld be ins5sibly displac$1 & ! admirable regul>ity ( its movem5ts w\ld be succe$$ by disord] & p]turbation4 ,if ! ,poles did n s5d back to ! ,equatorial seas ! wat]s :i*1 r$uc$ into vap\r1 issue daily f ^! burn+ regions1 to be conv]t$ into ice 9 ! ,arctic & ,ant>ctic ,zones1 ocean w\ld be dra9$ dry1 & life w\ld cease1 z well z wat]1 to circulate ?r\gh\t our _w4 ,! ,creator1 h[ev]1 9 ord] to ensure ! p]man5ce ( ,8 almighty "w1 has call$ into exi/5ce ! va/ & p[]ful law ( circulation1 & ?is law ! c>eful obs]v] sees reproduc$ 9 all ! economy ( ,nature4 ,! wat] circulates f ! ocean into ! air1 f ! air x spreads ov] ! e>?1 & f ! e>? x passes into ! seas4 ,! riv]s return f :5ce !y came1 9 ord] t !y may issue =? anew2 ! air circulates ar\nd ! globe1 &1 z x 71 ^u itself1 pass+ & repass+ successively at all ! altitudes ( ! atmosph]ic column4 ,! elem5ts ( e organic sub/ance circulates 9 *ang+ f ! solid to ! liquid or ari=m /ate1 & 9 return+ f ! latt] to ! /ate ( solidity or organization4 ,x is n improbable t ! univ]sal ag5t :i* we designate "u ! "n ( fire1 light1 electricity1 & magnetism1 has probably also a circle ( circulation z ext5sive z ! univ]se4 ,%\ld its movem5ts ev] be kn[n to u m ?an !y n[ are1 x is probable t !y w\ld af=d ! solution ( a ho/ ( problems :i* /ill defy ! intellect ( man4 ,circulation is ! law ( life1 ! me?od ( action employ$ by ,provid5ce 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! univ]se4 ,9 ! insect1 z 9 ! plant1 z 9 ! human body1 we f9d a circulation1 or r sev]al circulations1--blood1 hum\rs1 elem5ts1 fire1 all :i* ent] into ! composition ( ! individual40 ,h[ev] fanciful may be "s ( ! amiable prelate's speculations1 x is c]ta9 t ! glaci]s obey ?is law ( circulation4 ,! sn[-accumulations 9 ! upp] regions are to "s ext5t r$uc$ by ! desc5t ( ! avalan*es1--t is1 ( masses ( sn[ & ice :i* deta* !mselves f ! m\nta9-sides & da% headlong into ! valleys bel[1 :]e !y are rapidly melt$ by ! w>m] atmosph]e4 ,b ?is w\ld1 9 itself1 be :olly insuffici5t4 ,ano!r movem5t1 at once m efficaci\s & m regul>1 is necess>y2 a movem5t :i* embraces ! entire sy/em ( ! ice-masses1 & :i* c>ries ! glaci]s bel[ ! p]petual sn[-l9e1 s t e ye> !y may give up a portion ( _! t]m9al extremities4 ,! discov]y ( ?is g5]al progression is "o ( ! mo/ f]tile ) :i*1 ( late ye>s1 ! physics ( ! globe h be5 enri*$4 ,pr(essor ,tyndall rightly obs]ves t !re are num]\s obvi\s indications ( ! exi/5ce ( glaci]-motion1 ?\gh x is too sl[ to cat* ! eye at once4 ,! crevasses *ange )9 c]ta9 limits f ye> to ye>1 & sometimes f mon? to mon?2 & ?is c\ld n be if ! ice did n move4 ,rocks & /ones also are obs]v$1 :i* h be5 pla9ly torn f ! m\nta9-sides4 ,blocks se5 to fall f p>ticul> po9ts are aft]w>ds notic$ l[] d[n4 ,on ! mora9es rocks are f\nd ( a totally diff]5t m9]alogical "* f ^? compos+ ! m\nta9s "r & left2 & 9 all su* cases /rata ( ! same "* are f\nd bord]+ ! glaci] high] up4 ,h5ce ! conclusion t ! =eign b\ld]s h be5 float$ d[n by ! ice4 ,fur!r1 ! ends or 8sn\ts0 ( _m glaci]s act l pl\gh%>es on ! l& 9 front ( !m1 ov]turn+ ) irresi/ible en]gy ! huts & *lets t lie 9 _! pa?4 ,facts l ^! h be5 long kn[n to ! inhabitants ( ! ,high ,alps1 :o 7 ?us made acqua9t$ 9 a vague & g5]al way ) ! motion ( ! glaci]s4 ,b ,sci5ce _c deal ) g5]alities3 x requires precise & accurate in=mation2 & ?is in=mation1 s f> z ! progression ( ! glaci]s is conc]n$1 has be5 obta9$ ?r\gh ! pati5t lab\rs ( ,r5du1 ,*>p5ti]1 ,agassiz1 ,desor1 ,vogt1 ,pr(essor ,=bes1 ,bravais1 ,*>les ,m>t9s1 ,hopk9s1 ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 ,colomb1 ,john ,ball1 & ,s*lag9tweit4 ,_! exp]im5ts & obs]vations h e/abli%$ ! tru? ( c]ta9 immutable pr9ciples1 & prov$ ! exi/5ce ( a g5]al law ( movem5t4 ,! accumulation ( ! dbris hurl$ headlong by ! m\nta9s =ms on ! glaci]-surface long l9es ( /one & e>?1 :i* are call$ mora9es2 ^! div]ge 9 c]ta9 directions1 accord+ to ! circum/ances we n[ come to expla94 ,! l&slips :i* occur on ! banks or edges ( ! glaci] give rise to ! lat]al mora9es1 :i* are enl>g$ & ext5d$ daily by ! tw(old effect ( ! fall ( /ones & dbris1 & ! progressive movem5t :i* c>ries !m along ) ! :ole mass ( ice4 ,t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! great glaci]s1 9 almo/ e case1 is f\nd a m$ial mora9e2 ! result ( ! enc\nt] ( ! lat]al mora9es ( two glaci]s :i* h unit$ into "o4 ,^! sup]ficial mora9es p>ticipat+ 9 ! movem5t ( ! glaci]1 ea* ( _! blocks ev5tually rolls to ! foot ( ! t]m9al precipice1 & ?us a frontal mora9e is =m$ on ! v soil ( ! valley1 l an embankm5t rais$ to prohibit ! fur!r advance ( ! ice4 ,&1 la/ly1 ! b$ ( s&1 gravel1 pebbles1 & detritus :i* is f\nd b5ea? ! glaci]1 & ov] :i* x glides1 is call$ ! pr(\nd mora9e4 ,! furr[s wr\ght by ?is la/-nam$ /ratum on ! bottom ( ! glaci]-*annels %[ ! wond]ful =ce ( friction :i* ! glaci] ex]cises dur+ its desc5t4 ,! dep?s ( ^! furr[s dep5ds entirely on ! h>dness ( ! dbris c>ri$ d[n by ! glaci]1 & ! nature ( ! rocks submitt$ to ! friction4 ,! poli% assum$ by ^! rocks :5 !y are suffici5tly solid to resi/ ! ?und]\s m>* ( ! glaci]1 indicates ! enorm\s pressure :i* x ex]cises on ! slopes ( ! valley ?r\gh :i* x =ces its way4 ,?is ef=t1 be>+ pr9cipally on ! side ( ! rocks turn$ 9 ! direction ( _! cre/s1 impresses ^u !m a peculi> r\nd$ =m1 s l ! appe>ance ( a flock ( %eep 7m\tons7 t ,de ,saussure gave !m ! "n ( ro*es m\tonnes4 ,connect$ ) ! sci5tific evid5ce ( ! progressive movem5t ( glaci]s1 a glaci] 9 ! ,b]nese ,ob]l& w = ev] be memorable4 ,two bran* glaci]s1 ! ,laut]a> & ! ,f9/]a>1 unite at a promontory call$ ! ,abs*wung to =m ! trunk-glaci] ( ! ,unt]a>1 :i* c>ries a great m$ial mora9e along its colossal back4 ,"h 9 #ahbg1 an 8intrepid & en?usia/ic0 ,swiss pr(essor1 ,hugi1 ( ,solo?urm 7or ,soleure71 erect$ a small cab9 ( /ones = ! purpose ( obs]vations ^u ! glaci]4 ,! hut mov$1 & he took /eps to measure its motion4 ,9 ?ree ye>s1 #ahbg to #ahcj1 x mov$ #ccj feet d[nw>ds4 ,9 #ahcf x _h desc5d$ #bced feet2 & 9 #ahda1 x _h accompli%$ a j\rney ( #dgab feet4 ,?is 0 at ! rate ( ab\t #ccf feet a ye>4 ,9 #ahdj1 ,m4 ,agassiz1 ) "s sci5tific fri5ds1 ,messrs4 ,desor1 ,vogt1 & ,nicolieb1 e/abli%$ !mselves "u a great ov]hang+ slab ( rock on ! same mora9e1 & by means ( side walls1 & o!r appliances1 con/ruct$ a r\gh abode :i*1 because "s ( ^! m5 ( sci5ce came f ,neuf*tel1 !y nam$ ! 8,htel des ,neu*telois40 ,9 two ye>s aft] its erection1 ,agassiz discov]$ t x _h mov$ d[nw>ds no less a di/ance ?an #dhf feet4 ,^! & "s simil> measurem5ts br\ght to light a v important fact4 ,! read] w obs]ve t ! middle numb]s1 correspond+ to ! c5tral portion ( ! glaci]1 are ! l>ge/3 h5ce x 0 obvi\s t ! c5tre ( a glaci]1 l t ( a riv]1 moves m rapidly ?an ! sides4 ,ow+ to ! great] c5tral motion ( a glaci]1 its crevasses inv>iably assume a curv$ outl9e1 ( :i* ! convexity advances t[>ds ! bottom ( ! valley4 ,x has also be5 asc]ta9$ t ! sup]ficial "p ( a glaci] moves m rapidly ?an its base4 ,aga93 ,tyndall & ,hir/1 by employ+ in/rum5ts ( great precision1 h demon/rat$ t ! maximum ( motion is n to be f\nd exactly 9 ! c5tre1 b t1 accord+ to ! w9d+s ( ! valley ?r\gh :i* ! glaci] fl[s1 x moves sometimes to ! "r ( ! c5tre1 & sometimes to ! left4 ,n[1 ! progression ( a riv] exhibits all ! *>act]s we h j enum]at$1 & ! tru? =e%ad[$ by ,r5du has be5 confirm$ 9 e detail4 ,! glaci] is a 8riv] ( ice40 ,! read] w naturally ask1 ,h[ c a sub/ance ( su* app>5t rigidity z ice obey1 z x does obey1 ! same laws :i* regulate ! movem5t ( fluids8 ,i c und]/&1 he may say1 h[ wat] fl[s 9 su* & su* a mann]3 x is a liquid1 & its molecules are defici5t 9 ! prop]ty ( cohesion2 b t s solid1 & firm1 & unimpressible a sub/ance z ice %\ld be capable ( motion seems impossible4 ,i c und]/& v easily t a mass ( ice1 :5 loos5$ or deta*$ f its re/+-place1 w glide d[nw>ds until arre/$ by "s adequate ob/acle2 b ?is is n ! k9d ( motion y are describ+4 ,accord+ to y\r explanations1 e con/itu5t portion ( ! glaci] moves1 & ! c5tral fa/] ?an ! lat]al1 & ! surface fa/] ?an ! base4 ,^! objections 7 advanc$ by m5 ( sci5ce :5 ! motion ( glaci]s 0 fir/ put =w>d z a !ory2 & ! answ] giv5 by ,s*eu*z] 01 t a glaci] might be comp>$1 9 ! summ] season1 to a sponge saturat$ ) wat]1 :i*1 :5 aft]w>ds congeal$ by ! cold temp]ature ( autumn & w9t]1 exp&$1 & produc$ a dilatation ( ! mass 9 e direction4 ,!n1 z x c\ld n rec$e1 z x c\ld n reasc5d its valley-slope1 ! augm5tation ( size w\ld necess>ily take place 9 its l[] portion4 ,x is unnecess>y = u to expla9 :y ?is answ] 0 unsatisfactory4 ,subsequ5t obs]vations1 h[ev]1 prov$ its impossibility1 & ,pr(essor ,=bes !n put =w>d 8 ideas ( ! visc\s "* ( ice4 ,b ^!1 too1 did n meet ! conditions ( ! ph5om5on2 & ! view n[ adopt$ is t ( ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 :o has %[n t x is ! result ( ! regelation we h already describ$4 ,pr(essor ,=bes enunciat$ 8 !ory 9 words to ! foll[+ effect3 8,a glaci] is an imp]fect fluid or visc\s body1 :i* is urg$ d[n slopes ( c]ta9 incl9ation by ! natural pressure ( its p>ts40 ,b we "k ! exce$+ brittl5ess ( ice1 & h[ is viscosity compatible ) brittl5ess8 ,we "k1 too1 t crevasses & fissures w sudd5ly =m on a glaci]1 l ! cracks on a pane ( glass4 ,b if ice 7 visc\s1 & c\ld exp&1 dilate1 or /ret* z visc\s sub/ances d1 ^! crevasses w\ld be impossible4 ,!y w\ld gradually close up1 l an ind5t 9 a mass ( jelly4 ,& yet x _c be d5i$ t a glaci] does move l a visc\s body2 ! c5tre fl[+ pa/ ! sides1 ! top fl[+ ov] ! bottom1 :ile ! motion ?r\gh a curv$ valley corresponds to fluid motion4 ,h[ are we to reconcile ^! app>5tly conflict+ circum/ances8 ,by ,pr(essor ,tyndall's regelation !ory1 :i* is f\nd$ on a fact already m5tion$2 namely1 t :5 two pieces ( ?aw+ ice are br\ght 9 contact1 !y freeze toge!r4 ,?is fact1 & its application irrespective ( ! cause ( regelation1 may be ?us illu/rat$3 8,saw two slabs f a block ( ice1 & br+ _! flat surfaces into contact2 !y imm$iately freeze toge!r4 ,two plates ( ice1 laid "o ^u ! o!r1 ) flannel r\nd !m ov]night1 are sometimes s firmly froz5 9 ! morn+ t !y w r break else:]e ?an along _! surface ( junction4 ,if y ent] "o ( ! dripp+ ice-caves ( ,switz]l&1 y h only to press = a mom5t a slab ( ice aga9/ ! ro( ( ! cave to cause x to freeze !re & /ick to ! ro(4 8,place a numb] ( fragm5ts ( ice 9 a bas9 ( wat]1 & cause !m to t\* ea* o!r2 !y freeze toge!r :]e !y t\*4 ,y c =m a *a9 ( su* fragm5ts2 & !n1 by tak+ hold ( "o end ( ! *a91 y c draw ! :ole s]ies aft] x4 ,*a9s ( iceb]gs are sometimes =m$ 9 ?is way 9 ! ,arctic seas40 ,f ^! obs]vations we d$uce ! foll[+ result3--,sn[ consi/s ( small p>ticles ( ice4 ,n[1 if by pressure we squeeze out ! air entangl$ 9 ?aw+ sn[1 & br+ ! little ice-granules into close contact1 !y may be expect$1 z !y d1 to freeze toge!r2 & %\ld ! expulsion ( ! air be complete1 ! squeez$ sn[ w assume ! appe>ance ( compact ice4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ! consolidation ( ! sn[s takes place 9 ! ,arctic z 9 ! high] ,alp9e regions4 ,! deep] lay]s ( ! nv are conv]t$ into m or less p]fect ice by ! pressure ( ! sup]jac5t lay]s2 & fur!r1 !y are made to assume ! %ape ( ! valley :i* !y fill1 by ! sl[ & cont9u\s pressure ( its sides4 ,9 glaci]s1 z ,pr(essor ,tyndall po9ts out1 we h ample illu/rations ( rude fracture & regelation2 z1 = example1 9 ! op5+ & clos+ ( crevasses4 ,! glaci] is brok5 on ! cascades1 & m5d$ at _! bases4 ,:5 two bran* glaci]s lay _! sides toge!r1 ! regelation is s firm t !y beg9 imm$iately to fl[ 9 ! trunk glaci] z 9 a s+le /ream4 ,! m$ial mora9e gives no indication by its sl[ness ( motion t x is d]iv$ f ! sluggi% ice ( ! sides ( ! bran* glaci]s4 ,we may sum up ! regelation !ory 9 few words4 ,! ice ( glaci]s *anges its =m & reta9s its cont9uity "u pressure :i* keeps its p>ticles toge!r4 ,b :5 subject$ to t5sion1 soon] ?an /ret*1 x breaks1 & behaves no long] z a visc\s body4 ,^! are ,pr(essor ,tyndall's words1 & ! fact :i* !y embody x w\ld be difficult to set =? m cle>ly or m concisely4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,pol> ,,glaci]4 ,hav+ said ?us mu* ( ! /ructure1 causes1 *>act]i/ics1 & movem5t ( glaci]s1 we proce$ to consid] "s ( ! m rem>kable ( ^? :i* are situat$ 9 ! ,arctic ,_w4 ,! glaci]s ( ! ,pol> ,regions d n diff] 9 /ructure or mode ( =mation f ^? ( o!r c\ntries4 ,yet !y possess "s peculi> features1 & to a sup]ficial obs]v] might seem indep5d5t ( ! physical laws we h attempt$ to expla94 ,t ?is is n ! case has be5 %[n by ,*>les ,m>t9s1 :o c>efully /udi$ ! glaci]s ( ,spitzb]g5 on ! occasion ( ! explor+ voyage ( ! ,re*]*e to t isl&1 & has demon/rat$ t _! diff]5ces are b a p>ticul> case ( ! g5]al ph5om5on4 ,z special *>act]s he po9ts out1 fir/1 ! r>ity ( ne$les & prisms ( ice1 :i* he attributes to ! slight incl9ation & ! uni=mity ( ! slopes1 z well z to ! dim9ution ( ! sol> heat1 :i*1 ev5 9 ! long summ] days1 does n melt ! surface4 ,!re are no rills or /reams capable ( holl[+ out crevasses & m\ld+ protub]ances or projections4 ,b transv]sal crevasses produc$ by ! movem5t ( ! glaci]s are num]\s1 & ^! are (t5 v wide & v deep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,glaci]1 ,,engli% ,,bay1 ,,spitzb]g54 ,9 ! t]m9al esc>pm5t1 :i* melts 9 proportion z x plunges into ! sea1 imm5se cav]ns are sometimes se52 cav]ns s imm5se t ! azure-gleam+ grottoes ( ! ,arveiron & ,gr9delwald1 s mu* admir$ by ,european travell]s1 are b m9iatures4 8,"o day10 says ,*>les ,m>t9s1 8aft] hav+ asc]ta9$ ! temp]ature ( ! sea (f ! great glaci] ( ,bell ,s\nd1 ,i propos$ to ! sailors :o accompani$ me to c>ry our boat into its cav]n4 ,i expla9$ to !m ! risk we %\ld incur1 be+ unwill+ to attempt any?+ )\t _! cons5t4 ,:5 our boat _h cross$ ! ?re%old1 we f\nd ourselves 9 an imm5se ,go?ic ca!dral2 long conical-po9t$ cyl9d]s ( ice desc5d$ f ! ro(2 ! recesses seem$ s _m *apels op5+ out ( ! pr9cipal nave2 broad fissures divid$ ! walls1 & ! op5 int]vals1 l ar*es1 sprang t[>ds ! summits2 azure gleams play$ ov] ! icy surface1 & 7 reflect$ 9 ! wat]4 ,! sailors1 l myself1 7 dumb ) admiration4 ,b a too prolong$ contemplation w\ld h be5 dang]\s2 we soon rega9$ ! n>r[ op5+ ?r\gh :i* we _h p5etrat$ into ?is w9t] temple1 &1 return+ on bo>d our vessel1 pres]v$ a discreet sil5ce respect+ an escapade :i* might h be5 ju/ly blam$4 ,9 ! ev5+1 we saw f ! %ore our ca!dral ( ! morn+ sl[ly b5d =w>ds1 deta* itself f ! p>5t glaci]1 cra% into ! waves1 & reappe> 9 a ?\s& blocks & fragm5ts ( ice1 :i* ! retir+ tide c>ri$ sl[ly out to sea40 ,! ,spitzb]g5 glaci]s d n exhibit ^? num]\s mora9es :i* are obs]v$ on ! majority ( ^? ( ,switz]l&4 ,! m\nta9s1 n be+ v l(ty1 are buri$1 z x 71 "u _! burd5 ( glaci]s1 in/ead ( prepond]at+ ov] !m1 & seem ) difficulty to lift _! peaks out ( ! mass ( ice & sn[ surr\nd+ !m4 ,consequ5tly1 !re are no consid]able l&slips or falls ( e>? & /one1 :i*1 accumulat+ along ! bord]s ( ! glaci]s1 might =m mora9es4 ,m>t9s is ( op9ion t ! ,spitzb]g5 glaci]s correspond to ! upp] "p ( ! glaci]s ( ,switz]l&2 to s mu*1 t is to say1 z lies above ! p]petual sn[-l9e4 ,n[1 he says1 ! high] we asc5d on an ,alp9e glaci]1 ! m d ! lat]al & m$ial mora9es dim9i% 9 wid? & =m1 until !y tap] away & f9ally disappe> "u ! high nvs ( ! amphi!atres f :i* ! glaci] issues1 j z ! m\nta9 torr5ts (t5 take _! rise 9 "o or 9 sev]al lakes t]rac$ "o above ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,glaci]1 ,,bell ,,s\nd1 ,,spitzb]g54 ,= all ^! reasons1 he adds1 ! m$ial & lat]al mora9es are sc>cely conspicu\s on ! glaci]s ( ,spitzb]g52 a numb] ( /ones & b\ld]s may be se5 along _! sides1 & sometimes 9 _! c5tre1 b ! ice is nev] hidd51 z 9 ! ,alps1 "u ! mass ( dbris accumulat$ ^u x4 ,z = ! t]m9al mora9es1 !y mu/ be s\ght at ! bottom ( ! sea1 s9ce ! t]m9al esc>pm5t ne>ly always ov]hangs x4 ,h5ce1 ! blocks ( /one fall simultane\sly ) ! blocks ( ice1 & =m a subm>9e frontal mora9e1 ( :i* ! two extremities are occasionally visible ^u ! %ore4 ,9 a previ\s *apt] we h allud$ to ! mann] 9 :i* iceb]gs are =m$ by ! deta*m5t f ! seaw>d extremity ( ! glaci] ( huge masses ( ice1 :i* ! curr5t c>ries out into ! op5 sea4 ,to ! description already giv51 we may "h add t :i* ,*>les ,m>t9s furni%es 9 8 valuable & int]e/+ record ( p]sev]+ sci5tific ent]prise1 8,du ,spitzb]g au ,sah>a03--,9 ,spitzb]g51 he says1 ! glaci]1 aft] a traject ( m or less consid]able duration1 rea*es ! sea4 ,if ! %ore be rectil9eal1 x advances no fur!r2 b1 9 ! recess ( a bay1 :]e ! %ore is curv$1 x cont9ues its progression1 support+ its bulk on ! sides ( ! bay1 & advanc+ above ! wat]1 :i* x ov]hangs4 ,?is is easily und]/ood4 ,9 summ] ! sea-wat] at ! bottom ( ! bays is always at a temp]ature a little above #cb2 on com+ 9 contact ) ?is comp>atively w>m wat] ! glaci] melts1 &1 at l[ tide1 an int]val is p]ceptible betwe5 ! ice & ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,! glaci] be+ no long] support$1 p>tially crumbles & gives way2 imm5se blocks deta* !mselves1 fall into ! sea1 disappe> b5ea? ! wat]1 reappe> revolv+ on _! own axes1 & oscillate = a few mom5ts until !y h tak5 up _! position ( equilibrium4 ,! blocks ?us deta*$ f ! float+ masses1 ( all sizes & %apes1 are call$ iceb]gs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/eam] 8,,*>g+0 ,,an ,,iceb]g1 ,,up]navik1 ,,gre5l&4 ,our travell] records t twice a day1 9 ,magdal5a ,bay & ,bell ,s\nd1 he 0 an eye-witness ( ?is p>tial ru9 ( ! extremity ( ! glaci]s4 ,_! fall 0 accompani$ by a noise l t ( ?und]2 ! swoll5 sea ru%$ ^u ! %ore 9 a succession ( gigantic waves2 ! gulf 0 cov]$ ) iceb]gs1 :i*1 caught 9 ! swirl & eddy1 issu$ out ( ! bay1 l imm5se fleets1 to ga9 ! sea beyond1 or 7 /r&$ "h & !re at po9ts :]e ! wat] 0 %all[4 ,! iceb]gs se5 by ,m4 ,m>t9s 7 n1 h[ev]1 ( any surpris+ magnitude2 he e/imates _! av]age height at ?irte5 to sixte5 feet4 ,we h se5 t ^? ( ,baff9 ,bay are t5fold m consid]able & impos+2 b !n1 9 t bay ! temp]ature ( ! sea is bel[ #cb2 ! glaci] does n melt :5 x ent]s ! wat]2 x s9ks to ! bottom ( ! sea2 & ! portions deta*$ f x are all ( great] height ?an ev5 ! subm]g$ "p ( ! iceb]gs :i* drift to & fro 9 ! bays & gulfs ( ,spitzb]g54 99 99 99 99 99 ,we may foll[ up ?is description ) "s obs]vations by ,lieut5ant ,bellot1 ! *ivalr\s "y ,fr5*man :o p]i%$ 9 "o ( ! exp$itions despat*$ 9 se>* ( ,sir ,john ,frankl9 & 8 companions4 ,he is speak+ ( ! masses ( ice 8 %ip enc\nt]$ soon aft] d\bl+ ,cape ,f>ewell1 ! s\? po9t ( ,gre5l&1 & he rem>ks1 t z ,baff9 ,bay n>r[s t[>ds ! s\?1 ! iceb]gs1 fir/ set 9 motion high] up ! bay by ! nor!rn gales1 necess>ily t5d to accumulate 9 ! gorge ?us =m$1 & s to imp$e & block up ,davis ,/rait1 ev5 :5 ! high] wat]s are q free4 ,x is only ?r\gh a s]ies ( alt]nate movem5ts ( advance & recession t ! b]gs f9ally pass beyond ! b>ri]1 & float out into ! ,atlantic1 to und]go a sl[ process ( dissolution4 ,! mobility ( ! b]gs1 ?\gh necess>y to navigation1 =ms at ! same "t its peculi> dang]1 s9ce a vessel is (t5 plac$ betwe5 ! %ore & ! colossal masses driv5 =w>d by ! w9d1 or betwe5 ^! & ! solid ice :i* z yet has n brok5 up4 ,x is useless to dwell ^u ! imm5se =ce possess$ by masses :i* are frequ5tly sev]al squ>e leagues 9 ext5t1 & :i*1 once 9 movem5t1 _c be /ay$ by any human resi/ance4 ,a sail+-vessel f9ds h]self plac$ 9 conditions all ! m unfav\rable1 because ! w9ds bl[ f ! v direction :i* %e is b\nd to take 9 ord] to op5 up a way ?r\gh ! floes4 ,n[1 if ! gale is viol5t1 x is p]il\s inde$ to pu% =w>d 9 ! mid/ ( a labyr9? ( b]gs1 :i* =m s _m float+ rocks2 if a calm prevails1 a %ip c move =w>d only by labori\s haul+ or t[$ by ! boats4 ,! application ( ! screw-propell] to /eam-%ips has giv5 to !m a great sup]iority1 because !y are n liable to any accid5t to paddle-:eels1 expos$ z su* mu/ be to collision ) ! float+ ice4 ,x is record$ t1 on "o occasion1 a screw-/eam]1 ne> ,up]navik1 on ! coa/ ( ,gre5l&1 actually *>g$ an iceb]g1 & drove "r ?r\gh x1 z a railway-eng9e might cra% ?r\gh a f5ce or hurdle4 ,( c\rse1 ! b]g 0 ( no great elevation2 b its solid mass yield$ to ! imm5se =ce ( ! /eam%ip1 & split into l>ge fragm5ts4 ,9 ! convulsions caus$ by furi\s tempe/s1 :i* are f> f be+ s r>e )9 ! ,arctic ,circle z is popul>ly suppos$1 ! %ape ( ! b]gs becomes v irregul>1 & ! configuration ( ! ice-fields is con/antly und]go+ modification4 ,h5ce x (t5 happ5s t ! voyag] sees be=e him an op5 bas9 ( wat] ( great] or less ext5t1 f :i* he is sep>at$ only by a n>r[ /rip ( ice4 ,9 su* a case he endeav\rs to effect an op5+1 ei!r by driv+ 8 %ip at full spe$ aga9/ ! weake/ "p ( ! ice1 or ) ! help ( imm5se saws1 tw5ty feet 9 l5g?1 :i* are work$ ) a rope & pulley plac$ at ! top ( a triangle =m$ ( long poles2 or1 f9ally1 by explod+ a m9e4 ,:5 ! ice is n v solid1 ! %ip is =c$ into ! op5+1 aga9/ ! sides ( :i* x acts l a w$ge4 ,x w sometimes occur1 9 ! c\rse ( ! op]ation1 t ! ice-fields1 set 9 motion by ! w9d or ! curr5ts1 close 9 toge!r1 aft] hav+ trea*]\sly sep>at$ = a mom5t1 & ! vessel is !n subject$ to a dang]\s pressure4 ,unhappy ! m>9] :o does n =esee or suffici5tly note ! w>n+ signs ( ?is accid5t1 :i* is almo/ always accompani$ by fatal consequ5ces4 ,! ice1 :i* no?+ c *eck1 pass+ und]nea? ! %ip1 capsizes x1--or1 if x resi/s1 cru%es x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h allud$ to ! colossal b]gs ( ,baff9 ,bay4 ,^! are ?r[n (f f ! nor!rn glaci]s1 & p>ticul>ly f ! enorm\s ice-riv] nam$ aft] ,humboldt1 :i* cumb]s ! declivities ( ! ,gre5l& ,alps1 beyond ! #gi? p>allel4 ,x has be5 a frequ5t s\rce ( surprise to navigators t ^! mighty masses %\ld float 9 a contr>y direction to t ( ! ice-fields :i* desc5d ) ! ,pol> curr5t t[>ds ! ,atlantic4 ,!y reasc5d ) su* rapidity t !y %att] ! s-call$ 8ice-foot10 or belt ( ice1 /ill adh]+ to ! %ore4 ,capta9 ,maury has collect$ num]\s obs]vations on ?is important subject1 & he quotes ! case ( a %ip :i* 0 be+ labori\sly haul$ aga9/ ! curr5t1 :5 an enorm\s float+ m\nta9 com+ up f ! s\? /e]$ aga9/ x1 b =tunately did n come into collision ) x1 & =g+ ahead1 v quickly disappe>$4 ,h[ is su* an incid5t to be expla9$8 ,by ! exi/5ce ( a subm>9e c\nt]-curr5t1 act+ on ! l[] extremity ( ! subm]g$ portion ( ! b]g1 :i*1 z we h /at$1 is always sev5 or eight times l>g] ?an ! bulk above ! surface ( ! waves4 ,our :al]s1 9 _! haz>d\s exp$itions1 (t5 d]ive assi/ance f ^! mov+ isl&s4 ,!y seek %elt] "u _! lee :5 sudd5 /orms arise2 = ! huge b]gs are sc>cely affect$ by ! mo/ viol5t gales4 ,!y f9d _! %elt] valuable also dur+ c]ta9 op]ations ( ! fi%]y = :i* re/ & quiet are necess>y4 ,yet x is n absolutely exempt f dang]4 ,! seem+ fri5d may prove to be a conceal$ foe4 ,! iceb]g may collapse1 or be capsiz$2 or =midable fragm5ts1 loos5$ f _! sides or summits1 may topple headlong & ?reat5 to ov]:elm ! %ip b5ea?3 b z on ^! & o!r accid5ts we h already dwelt at l5g?1 we refra9 f we>y+ our read]s ) a twice-told tale4 ,! repetition 9 :i*1 to "s ext5t1 we h indulg$1 0 ne$ful1 9 ord] to %[ ! read] 9 :at way ! dissolution ( ! l[] extremity ( ! glaci]s is effect$ 9 ! ,arctic _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,cape ,alex&]1 "o ( ! headl&s ( ,smi? ,/rait1 ,dr4 ,hayes met ) a glaci]1 ( :i* he gives an int]e/+ description 9 8 n>rative ( an 8,arctic ,boat ,j\rney10 7#ahed73-- ,x 0 ! fir/1 protrud+ into ! ocean1 :i* he _h _h an opportunity ( inspect+ closely2 & ?\gh small1 comp>$ ) o!r simil> =mations1 x _h nev]!less all _! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics4 ,x pres5t$ to ! sea a convex mural face1 sev5ty feet 9 height & ab\t two miles 9 l5g?1 its c5tre project+ into ! wat] beyond ! g5]al l9e ( ! coa/ to ! ea/ & we/ ( x4 ,! surface rose abruptly to ! height ( ab\t two hundr$ feet1 &1 slop+ !nce backw>d ) a g5tle incl9ation1 seem$ to be connect$ ) an ext5sive m] de glace above4 ,sev]al fissures or crevasses1 app>5tly ( great dep?1 /ruck v]tically ?r\gh its body1 & ext5d$ f> up into its int]ior2 & o!rs1 m %all[1 :i* seem$ to h be5 =m$ by ! /reams ( melt$ sn[ t p\r$ 9 cat>acts d[n into ! sea4 ,dr4 ,hayes rem>ks t he 0 impress$ by its visc\s appe>ance2 b we h %[n t a c]ta9 am\nt ( viscosity naturally app]ta9s to glaci] ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=c+ ,a ,,passage ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,ice4 ,p>allel ) its convex face ran a succession ( indi/9ctly m>k$ l9es1 :i* gave x ! aspect ( a semi-fluid mass mov+ d[nw>d ^u an incl9$ surface2 & ?is idea 0 confirm$ by its appe>ance ab\t ! rocks on ei!r side4 ,ov] ^! x seem$ to h fl[$2 &1 fitt+ accurately into all _! inequalities1 x gave ! effect ( a huge mov+ mass ( p>tially solidifi$ matt] sudd5ly congeal$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( /ill great] int]e/ is ! same adv5tur\s explor]'s description ( ! great ,arctic ,m] de ,glace :i* lies inl& f ,r5ssela] ,bay1 9 ab\t lat4 #gi ,n41 & long4 #fh ,w4 ,dr4 ,hayes & 8 p>ty _h set out on an exp$ition into ! int]ior1 & aft] pass+ ?r\gh a really picturesque l&scape1 enri*$ ) b$s ( moss & turf1 pat*es ( purple &rom$a1 & ! trail+ bran*es ( ! dw>f-will[1 !y em]g$ ^u a broad pla9 or valley1 9 ! he>t ( :i* repos$ a froz5 lake1 ab\t two miles 9 l5g? by half a mile 9 wid?4 ,!y trav]s$ its transp>5t surface4 ,on ei!r side ( !m rose rugg$ bluffs1 t /ret*$ (f into long l9es ( hills1 culm9at+ 9 s]ies 9 a broad-topp$ m\nta9-ridge1 :i*1 runn+ away to "r & left1 0 cut by a gap sev]al miles wide t op5$ directly be=e !m4 ,imm$iately 9 front 0 a l[ hill1 ar\nd ! base ( :i* fl[$ on ei!r side ! bran*es ( a /ream ^: c\rse !y _h foll[$4 ,leav+ ! riv]-b$ j above ! lake1 !y climb$ to ! summit ( ?is hillock2 & !re a sight bur/ ^u !m1 gr& & impos+ beyond ! p[] ( words adequately to describe4 ,f ! rocky b$1 only a few miles 9 advance1 a slop+ wall ( pure :it5ess rose to a broad level pla9 ( ice1 :i*1 app>5tly )\t limits1 /ret*$ away t[>d ! unkn[n ea/4 ,x 0 ! great m] de glace ( ! ,arctic cont95t4 ,"h !n 01 9 reality1 ! c\nt]p>t ( ! riv]-sy/ems ( o!r l&s4 ,f beh9d ! granite hills ! congeal$ dra9+s ( ! int]ior wat]-%$s1 ! atmosph]ic precipitations ( ages1 7 mov+ 9 a mass1 :i*1 ?\gh solid1 0 pla/ic1 mov+ d[n ?r\gh e gap 9 ! m\nta9s1 swall[+ up ! rocks1 fill+ ! valleys1 subm]g+ ! hills3 an onw>d1 irresi/ible1 cry/al tide1 swell+ to ! ocean4 ,! surface 0 int]sect$ by num]\s v]tical crevasses1 "s ( consid]able dep?1 :i* _h dra9$ (f ! melt$ sn[4 ,x 0 midnight :5 ! explor]s approa*$ ?is colossal res]voir4 ,! sun 0 sev]al degrees b5ea? ! horizon1 & af=d$ a fa9t twilight-gleam4 ,/>s ( ! second magnitude 7 dimly p]ceptible 9 ! cold1 /eel-blue ,arctic heav5s4 ,:5 !y 7 )9 ab\t half a mile ( ! icy wall1 a brilliant meteor fell be=e !m1 &1 by its reflection ^u ! glassy surface b5ea?1 greatly increas$ ! magical effect ( ! sc5e2 :ile l\d reports1 l di/ant ?und] or ! roll ( artill]y1 broke at int]vals f ! dep?s ( ! froz5 sea4 ,on clos] inspection x 0 f\nd t ! face ( ! glaci] asc5d$ at an angle ( f #cj to #ce4 ,at its base lay a high bank ( sn[1 & ! w&]]s clamb]$ up x ab\t sixty feet2 b beyond ?is _! ef=ts 7 defi$ by ! exce$+ smoo?ness ( ! ice4 ,! m\nta9s1 :i* /ood on ei!r h& l giant-w>d]s1 7 ov]lapp$1 & to "s ext5t subm]g$1 by ! glaci]4 ,f ! face ( ! huge ice-riv] innum]able little rivulets ran d[n ! *annels _! action _h gradually excavat$1 or gurgl$ f b5ea? ! ice2 =m+1 on ! level l&s bel[1 a sort ( m>%1 n tw5ty y>ds f ! icy wall4 ,"h1 9 /range contra/1 bloom$ b$s ( v]dur\s moss2 & 9 ^!1 tufts ( dw>f-will[s 7 wrea?+ _! t9y arms & rootlets ab\t ! feebl] fl[]-gr[?s2 & !re1 clu/]$ toge!r1 cr\*+ among ! grass1 & %elt]$ by ! leaves1 & fe$+ on ! b$ ( li*5s1 fl\ri%$ a t9y1 :ite-blossom$ draba & a :ite *ickwe$4 ,dott+ ! few feet ( gre5 ar\nd might be se5 ! yell[ fl[]s ( ! m h>dy poppy1 ! purple pot5tilla1 & saxifrages yell[1 purple1 & :ite4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! great glaci] ( ,s]miatsialik is "o ( ! arms1 or outlets1 ( ?is imm5se res]voir ( ice4 ,x occupies ! b$ ( a valley1 v>y+ f ?ree & a half to five miles 9 wid?1 & atta9+ at c]ta9 po9ts a dep? ( upw>ds ( ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty feet4 ,?is valley op5s ^u ! fiord ( ,s]miatsialik1 :i* is sep>at$ f t ( ,julian%aab by ! range ( m\nta9s culm9at+ 9 ! peak ( ,r$kamm54 ,we owe to ,dr4 ,hayes a lively description ( ! ,s]miatsialik glaci]1 :i* he ?9ks mu/ at "s places be m ?an sev5 hundr$ & fifty feet 9 dep?1 ov]fl[+ ! bord]s ( ! valley l a swoll5 torr5t4 ,= upw>ds ( f\r leagues1 ! iceb]gs :i* ?rong ! fiord1 or gulf1 are ^? ( ! glaci] itself1 & t]m9at+ 9 a w$ge-l outl9e1 disappe> 9 ! va/ sea ( ice exp&+ to "r & left above ! l(tie/ summits1 & draw+ irresi/ibly ! eye to its rippl$ surface1--b\ndless1 app>5tly1 l t ( ocean4 ,z ! voyag] sails up ! gulf1 he gradually loses sight ( ! froz5 slope1 & !n ( ! :ite l9e ( ! m] de glace3 he f9ds himself 9 front ( an imm5se cliff1 f "o hundr$ to two hundr$ feet 9 height1 diaphan\s z ! pure/ cry/als1 & reflect+ all ! hues ( heav54 ,"o almo/ %udd]s z "o approa*es ?is va/ doma9 ( ,w9t]4 ,collect+ 9 copi\s /reams1 ! ice & sn[ melt$ on ! surface ( ! glaci] p\r ov] its br9k1 =m+ float+ cl\ds ( spray1 irradiat$ by ra9b[ col\rs4 ,! d9 ( ^! cascades fills ! air4 ,at int]vals1 ! l\d reports ( ! int]nal convulsions ( ! glaci] are repeat$ by e e*o4 ,! cliff is entirely v]tical2 b its face1 f> f be+ smoo?1 is brok5 up into an inf9ite v>iety ( =ms3 into unfa?omable cav]n\s holl[s1 symmetrical spires1 ogives1 p9nacles1 & deep fissures1 :]e ! eye plunges into a transp>5t blue1 :i* *anges e second its fleet+1 opal9e t9ts2 t9ts s s(t1 & yet s vivid1 t !y defy ! skill ( ! arti/ to reproduce !m4 ,! lu/re ( ! 8d>k eye ( woman0 is n m difficult to seize4 ,a deep d>k gre51 less delicate b n less spl5did1 col\rs all ! recesses :]e ! ice ov]hangs ! wat]s4 ,9 ! sunlight "o sees ! surface ( ^! huge cry/als %9+ ) ! :it5ess ( ! pure/ sn[2 except1 inde$1 :]e rec5t fractures h tak5 place4 ,!y sugge/ to ! m9d ! idea ( ! gleams & reflections ( a piece ( sat92 ! undulatory lu/re & %ift+ sp>kle be+ produc$ by ! diff]5t angles "u :i* ! light is reflect$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b let u suppose t we h l&$2 ) mu* difficulty h asc5d$ ! cliffs2 & h clamb]$ up ! glaci] to its v summit4 ,! sc5e be=e u1 h[ %all we convey to ! m9d ( ! read]8 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,glaci] ,,( ,,s]miatsialik1 ,,gre5l&4 ,imag9e1 if y c1 ! rapids ( ! ,upp] ,niag>a congeal$ ev5 to _! l[e/ dep?s2 imag9e ! falls1 & ! broad riv]1 & ! great ,lake ,erie all froz5 into solid ice2 ) b]gs above ! cat>act t[]+ z high z ! l[] banks3 suppose t y1 ! spectator1 hav+ tak5 y\r /& ^u ! rapids1 ) ! ,erie s ne> t y c see its cry/alliz$ surface1 & y w h a picture1 on a r$uc$ scale1 ( ! sea ( ice n[ spread+ f> be=e u4 ,! rapids w repres5t ! glaci]2 ! ,great ,fall ! cliff :i* x projects into ! sea 7only t ! celebrat$ 8horse-%oe0 is "h turn$ outw>ds72 ! riv] :i* broad5s into ! ,ont>io w be ! fiord2 & ! ,ont>io1 t d>k grim ocean into :i* ! gigantic b]gs deta*$ f ! mighty ice-cascade are sl[ly mak+ _! way6 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mu/ indicate1 h[ev]1 "o rem>kable dissimil>ity1 = :i* our previ\s obs]vations on ! nature ( glaci]s w h prep>$ ! read]4 ,f "o bank to ! o!r1 ! surface ( a riv] is always horizontal1 b t ( a glaci] is slightly convex4 ,?r\gh ! n>r[ gl51 or rav9e1 =m$ by ?is curvature ( ! glaci]1 a k9d ( lat]al tr\gh or gully1 b\nd$ by ! esc>pm5t ( ! soil1 we rea* ! sea4 ,! desc5t is n )\t its dang]s1 = at e po9t crevasses op51 sep>at$ by slipp]y projections4 ,^! deep ga%es1 at "s po9ts1 are only a few y>ds ap>t2 & !y incessantly cross ea* o!r1 & run into "o ano!r1 s z to =m a p]fect labyr9?1 9 ! w9d+s ( :i* ! adv5tur\s travell] is apt to feel bewild]$4 ,! bord] ( ! glaci] once cross$1 ! way becomes less difficult2 = a mile & a half ! level is almo/ p]fect1 & ! ice b little brok5 up4 ,! froz5 des]t1 h[ev]1 impresses u ) an almo/ solemn feel+1 & !re is some?+ t]rible 9 ! desolation ( su* a ,sah>a ( sn[6 ,moreov]1 ! travell] is irresi/ibly affect$ by ! cont9ual ro> or gr[l+ ( ! enorm\s mass1 :i* seems to /ir & %ake "u our v feet4 ,he w\ld n be surpris$ if a va/ *asm sudd5ly yawn$ be=e him6 ,^! h>% deep voices ( ! glaci]1 h[ev]1 are n ! only s\nds we he>4 ,on e side rises ! murmur ( brooks :i* trace _! furr[s across ! cry/all9e pla94 ,"s ( ^! gradually conv]ge1 &1 unit+1 =m a consid]able torr5t1 :i* leaps ) a clang f icy crag to icy l$ge1 until x is lo/ 9 a crevasse1 or precipitat$ ov] ! froz5 cliff into ! wat]s ( ! fiord4 ,! solitude ( ! sc5e is complete1 b n ! sil5ce4 ,! air is z full ( 8noises0 z ev] 0 ,prosp]o's isle4 ,su* are ! pr9cipal features ( ! glaci] ( ,s]miatsialik4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ab\t n9ety miles nor?-ea/ ( ,r5ssela] ,bay lies ! great ,humboldt ,glaci]1 :i* seems to s]ve z a connect+-l9k betwe5 ! ,old ,_w & ! ,new4 ,x lies betwe5 ! #gi? & #hj? p>allels nor?1 & betwe5 ! #fd? & #fe? m]idians we/1 skirt+ ! %ore ( ,peabody ,bay1 :i* is a bold ind5tation ( ! ea/ coa/ ( ,kane ,sea4 ,x 0 discov]$ 9 ,dr4 ,kane's exp$ition1 & is probably "o ( ! gr&e/ spectacles 9 ! ,arctic _w4 ,dr4 ,kane ackn[l$ges himself unable to d ju/ice to its magnific5t aspect4 ,he c speak only ( its 8long1 ev]-%9+ l9e ( cliff dim9i%$ to a well-po9t$ w$ge 9 ! p]spective20 ( its 8face ( gli/5+ ice1 sweep+ 9 a long curve f ! l[ int]ior1 ! facets 9 front int5sely illum9at$ by ! sun40 ,?is l9e ( cliff rises1 l a solid wall ( glass1 ?ree hundr$ feet above ! wat]-level1 ) an unkn[n1 unfa?omable dep? bel[ x2 & its curv$ face1 sixty miles 9 l5g?1 disappe>s into unkn[n space at n m ?an a s+le day's railroad-travel f ! ,pole4 ,! int]ior ) :i* x communicates1 & f :i* x issues1 is an unexplor$ m] de glace1 an ice-ocean1 ( app>5tly b\ndless dim5sions4 ,su* is ! 8mighty cry/al bridge0 :i* connects ! two cont95ts ( ,am]ica & ,gre5l&4 ,we say1 cont95ts2 = ,gre5l&1 z ,dr4 ,kane rem>ks1 h[ev] insulat$ x may ultimately prove to be1 is 9 mass /rictly cont95tal4 ,its lea/ possible axis1 measur$ f ,cape ,f>ewell to ! l9e ( ! ,humboldt ,glaci]1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! #hj? p>allel1 gives a l5g? ( upw>ds ( twelve hundr$ miles1--n mat]ially less ?an t ( ,au/ralia f its nor!rn to its s\!rn cape4 ,imag9e ! c5tre ( su* a cont95t1 says ,dr4 ,kane1 occupi$ ?r\gh ne>ly its :ole ext5t by a deep1 unbrok5 sea ( ice1 t ga!rs p]5nial increase f ! wat]%$ ( va/ sn[-cov]$ m\nta9s & all ! precipitations ( ! atmosph]e ^u its own surface4 ,imag9e ?is1 mov+ onw>d l a great glacial riv]1 seek+ outlets at e fiord & valley1 roll+ icy cat>acts into ! ,atlantic & ,gre5l& seas2 &1 hav+ at la/ rea*$ ! nor!rn limit ( ! l& t has borne x up1 p\r+ out a mighty froz5 torr5t into unkn[n ,arctic space4 8,x is ?us10 rem>ks ,dr4 ,kane1 8& only ?us1 t we mu/ =m a j conception ( a ph5om5on l ?is great glaci]4 ,i _h look$ 9 my own m9d = su* an appe>ance1 %\ld ,i ev] be =tunate en\gh to rea* ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,gre5l&4 ,b n[ t x 0 be=e me1 ,i c\ld h>dly realize x4 ,i _h recogniz$1 9 my quiet libr>y at home1 ! beautiful analogies :i* ,=bes & ,/ud] h develop$ betwe5 ! glaci] & ! riv]2 b ,i c\ld n compreh5d at fir/ ?is complete sub/itution ( ice = wat]4 8,x 0 sl[ly ! conviction dawn$ on me t ,i 0 look+ ^u ! c\nt]p>t ( ! great riv]-sy/em ( ,arctic ,asia & ,am]ica4 ,yet "h 7 no wat]-fe$]s f ! s\?4 ,e p>ticle ( moi/ure _h its orig9 )9 ! ,pol> ,circle1 & _h be5 conv]t$ into ice4 ,!re 7 no va/ alluvions1 no =e/ or animal traces borne d[n by liquid torr5ts4 ,"h 0 a pla/ic1 mov+1 semi-solid mass1 oblit]at+ life1 swall[+ rocks & isl&s1 & pl\gh+ its way ) irresi/ible m>* ?r\gh ! cru/ ( an inve/+ sea40 99 99 99 99 99 ,:51 at a lat] p]iod1 ,dr4 ,kane made a clos] exam9ation ( ?is great natural wond]1 he f\nd t previ\sly he _h n realiz$ ! full gr&eur ( ! spectacle4 ,he not$ t ! tr5d ( ! glaci] 0 a few degrees to ! we/ ( nor?2 & he rem>ks1 z ! peculi>ity ( its aspect1 t x did n indicate repose1 b activity1 en]gy1 movem5t4 ,its surface seem$ to foll[ t ( ! basis-c\ntry ov] :i* x fl[$4 ,x 0 undulat+ on & ab\t ! horizon1 b z x desc5d$ t[>ds ! sea x repres5t$ a brok5 pla9 ) a g5]al incl9ation ( "s n9e degrees1 /ill dim9i%+ t[>d ! =egr\nd4 ,crevasses1 :i* 9 ! di/ance seem$ l m]e wr9kles1 exp&$ z !y came ne>]1 & 7 int]sect$ almo/ at "r angles by long cont9u\s l9es ( fracture p>allel ) ! face ( ! glaci]4 ,^! l9es1 too1 sc>cely p]ceptible 9 ! f> di/ance1 wid5$ z !y approa*$ ! sea until !y =m$ a gigantic /airway4 ,x seem$ z ?\gh ! ice _h lo/ its support bel[1 & t ! mass 0 let d[n f above 9 a s]ies ( /eps2 & su* an action is ! necess>y result ( ! heat ?r[n out by ! soil1 ! excessive surface-dra9age1 & ! con/ant abrasion ( ! sea4 ,! indication ( a great propell+ ag5cy seem$ to be j comm5c+ at ! "t t ,dr4 ,kane visit$ ! great glaci]4 ,! split-(f l9es ( ice 7 evid5tly 9 motion1 press$ on by ^? beh9d1 b /ill broad5+ _! fissures1 z if ! impell+ action grew m & m en]getic ne>] ! wat]1 till at la/ !y float$ away 9 ! =m ( iceb]gs4 ,long files ( ^! deta*$ masses might be se51 l ! ranks ( a /ately armada1 sl[ly sail+ out into ! remote sea1 _! sep>ation m>k$ by d>k p>allel %ad[s2 broad & spaci\s av5ues ne> ! eye1 b n>r[$ 9 ! p]spective to m]e furr[s4 ,a m impressive illu/ration ( ! =ces ( nature x w\ld be difficult to conceive4 ,dr4 ,kane's view ( ! =mation ( iceb]gs diff]s consid]ably f t :i* mo/ physici/s ent]ta94 ,he does n believe t ! b]g falls into ! sea1 brok5 by its weight f ! p>5t glaci]2 he is ( op9ion t x rises f ! sea4 ,! process is at once gradual & comp>atively quiet4 8,! idea ( iceb]gs be+ dis*>g$1 s univ]sal among sy/ematic writ]s1 seems to me at v>iance ) ! regulat$ & progressive actions ( ,nature4 ,develop$ by su* a process1 ! ?\s&s ( b]gs :i* ?rong ! ,pol> seas %\ld keep ! air & wat] 9 p]petual commotion1 "o fe>ful succession ( explosive detonations & propagat$ waves4 ,b x is only ! less] masses fall+ into deep wat]s :i* c\ld ju/ify ! popul> op9ion4 ,! enorm\s masses ( ! great glaci] are propell$1 /ep by /ep & ye> by ye>1 until1 rea*+ wat] capable ( support+ !m1 !y are float$ (f to be lo/ 9 ! temp]atures ( o!r regions40 ,! ,humboldt ,glaci] did n diff] 9 /ructure f ! ,alp9e & ,norwegian ice-gr[?s2 & its face pres5t$ ne>ly all ! *>act]i/ic features ( ! latt]4 ,! ov]fl[1 or visc\s ov]lapp+ ( ! surface1 0 v /rongly m>k$4 8,:5 close to ! isl& rocks10 says ,kane1 8& look+ out ^u ! upp] table ( ! glaci]1 ,i 0 /ruck ) ! homely analogy ( ! batt]-cake spread+ itself out "u ! ladle ( ! h\sewife1 ! upp] surface less affect$ by friction1 & roll+ =w>d 9 consequ5ce40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! crevasses bore ! m>ks ( direct fracture1 z well z ( ! m gradual action ( surface-dra9age4 ,! ext5sive wat]%$ betwe5 _! conv]g+ planes gave to ! icy surface mo/ ( ! hydrographic features ( a riv]-sy/em4 ,! ice-born riv]s :i* divid$ !m 7 m>g9$ occasionally ) spires ( discol\r$ ice1 & g5]ally lo/ !mselves 9 ! c5tral areas ( ! glaci] be=e rea*+ its =egr\nd4 ,occasionally1 too1 ! face ( ! glaci] 0 cut by v]tical l9es1 :i*1 z 9 ! ,alp9e examples1 7 evid5tly outlets = ! surface dra9age4 ,! height ( ?is ice-wall at ! ne>e/ po9t 0 ab\t ?ree hundr$ feet1 measur$ f ! wat]'s edge2 & ! unbrok5 "r l9e ( its dim9i%+ p]spective %[$ t ?is might be reg>d$ z its con/ant measurem5t4 ,x seem$1 9 fact1 a great icy table-l&1 abutt+ ) a clean precipice aga9/ ! sea4 ,?is1 inde$1 is ! great *>act]i/ic ( all ^? ,arctic glaci]s :i* issue f c5tral res]voirs or m]s de glace ^u ! fiords or bays1 & is /rik+ly 9 contra/ ) ! dep5d5t or hang+ glaci] ( ! rav9es1 :]e e l9e & furr[ & *asm seem to indicate ! movem5t ( desc5t & ! me*anical di/urbances :i* h imp$$ & delay$ x4 ,dr4 ,kane nam$ ?is mon/] glaci] aft] ,alex&] ,von ,humboldt1 to ^: lab\rs ,physical ,sci5ce is s l>gely indebt$2 & ! cape :i* flanks x on ! ,gre5l& coa/ aft] ! di/+ui%$ naturali/1 :om ! _w has s rec5tly lo/1 ,pr(essor ,agassiz4 ,! po9t at :i* ! ,humboldt ,glaci] ent]s ! 8,l& ( ,wa%+ton0 af=ds ev5 at a di/ance v cle> indications ( its pla/ic or semi-solid "*4 ,! obs]v] f9ds x impossible to resi/ ! impression ( fluidity convey$ by its peculi> m>k+s4 ,dr4 ,kane v appropriately nam$ x ,cape ,=bes1 9 hon\r ( ! illu/ri\s son ( ,scotia :o contribut$ s l>gely to our true k ( ! /ructure & mode ( progression ( glaci]s4 ,z ! surface ( ! glaci]1 adds its discov]]1 rec$$ to ! s\?1 its face seem$ brok5 ) piles ( e>? & rock-/a9$ rubbi%1 until f> back 9 ! int]ior x 0 conceal$ f view by ! slope ( a hill4 ,b ev5 beyond ?is po9t its cont9u$ ext5sion 0 %[n by ! :ite gl>e or ice-bl9k 9 ! sky above4 ,its outl9e to ! nor?w>d c\ld n be s easily trac$1 on acc\nt ( ! enorm\s dis*>ges at its base4 ,! talus ( its desc5t f ! int]ior1 look+ f> (f to ! ea/1 rang$ f #g to #ae2 s int]rupt$ by ! crevasses1 h[ev]1 z only 9 ! di/ance to produce ! effect ( an incl9$ plane4 ,a few black protub]ances rose above ! glitt]+ surface ( ! sn[1 l isl&s 9 a foamy sea4 ,x c\ld be se51 f ! g5]al inequalities ( its surface1 h[ well ! huge mass adapt$ itself to ! inequalities ( ! basis-c\ntry b5ea?4 ,! same modifications ( hill & dale 7 disc]nible z ^u l&4 ,?us gr& & v>i\s 9 its impos+ aspect1 x /ret*es to ! nor? until x t\*es ! new ,l& ( ,wa%+ton1 cem5t+ toge!r by an app>5tly indissoluble tie ! ,gre5l& ( ! ,norse ,vik+s & ! ,am]ica ( ! ,anglo-,saxon coloni/s4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,arctic ,,l&s--,,fauna--,,flora--,,gre5l&--,,ice l&--,,novaia ,,zemlaia--,,sib]ia4 ,we h already po9t$ out t 9 ! nor!rnmo/ regions ( ! ,arctic l&s ! ye> is divid$ into "o prolong$ & bitt]ly cold night ( sev]al mon?s' duration1 & "o glori\s summ]'s day ext5d+ ov] n9e or t5 weeks1 :i* br+s ! scanty vegetation to a sudd5 maturity4 ,we h indicat$ t ev5 )9 ! limits ( p]petual sn[ ! life ( ,nature is n altoge!r cru%$ out2 & 9 support ( ?is /atem5t we may ref] to ! 8r$ sn[0 :i* figures s (t5 9 ! pages ( our ,arctic voyag]s1 ?\gh its true "* 0 n at fir/ appreh5d$4 ,?is s-call$ 8r$ sn[0 0 f\nd by ,sir ,john ,ross1 9 8 fir/ ,arctic exp$ition 9 #ahjh1 on a range ( cliffs ris+ ab\t #hjj feet above ! sea-level1 & ext5d+ eight miles 9 l5g? 7lat4 #ge ,n474 ,x 0 also discov]$ by ,sir ,w4 ,e4 ,p>ry 9 8 ov]l& exp$ition 9 #ahbg4 ,! sn[ 0 t+$ to ! dep? ( sev]al in*es4 ,moreov]1 if ! surface ( ! sn[-pla91 ?\gh previ\sly ( its usual spotless purity1 0 cru%$ by ! pressure ( ! sl$ges & ( ! foot/eps ( ! p>ty1 blood-l /a9s in/antly arose2 ! impressions be+ sometimes ( an orange hue1 & sometimes m l a pale salmon t9t4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ?is s+ul> v>iation ( col\r is due to an imm5se aggregation ( m9ute plants ( ! species call$ ,protococcus nivalis2 ! g5]ic "n allud+ to ! extreme primitiv5ess ( its organization1 & ! specific to ! peculi> nature ( its habitat4 ,if we place a small quantity ( r$ sn[ on a piece ( :ite pap]1 & all[ x to melt & evaporate1 !re w be left a residuum ( granules suffici5t to communicate a fa9t crimson t9t to ! pap]4 ,exam9e ^! granules "u a microscope1 & !y w prove to be sph]ical purple cells ( almo/ inappreciable size1 n m ?an ! ?ree-?\s&? to "o-?\s&? "p ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,look m closely1 & y w see t ea* cell has an op5+1 surr\nd$ by ind5t$ or s]rat$ l9es1 ! smalle/ diamet] ( :i* measures only ! five-?\s&? "p ( an in*4 ,:5 p]fect1 ! plant1 z ,dr4 ,macmillan obs]ves1 be>s a resemblance to a r$-currant b]ry2 z x decays1 ! r$ col\r+ matt] fades into a deep orange1 :i* is f9ally resolv$ into a br[ni% hue4 ,! ?ickness ( ! wall ( ! cell is e/imat$ at ! tw5ty-?\s&? "p ( an in*1 & ?ree hundr$ to f\r hundr$ ( ^! cells might be gr\p$ toge!r 9 a small] space ?an a %ill+ w\ld cov]4 ,yet ea* cell is a di/9ct individual plant2 p]fectly indep5d5t ( o!rs ) :i* x may be mass$2 fully capable ( p]=m+ = & by itself all ! functions ( gr[? & reproduction2 possess+ 8a conta9+ membrane :i* absorbs liquids & gases f ! surr\nd+ matrix or elem5ts1 a conta9$ fluid ( peculi> "* =m$ out ( ^! mat]ials1 & a numb] ( excessively m9ute granules equival5t to spores1 or1 z "s w\ld say1 to cellul> buds1 :i* are to become ! g]ms ( new plants40 ,dr4 ,macmillan adds3 8,t "o & ! same primitive cell %\ld ?us m9i/] equally to absorption1 nutrition1 & reproduction1 is an extraord9>y illu/ration ( ! fact t ! smalle/ & simple/ organiz$ object is 9 itself1 &1 = ! "p x 0 creat$ to p]=m 9 ! op]ations ( nature1 z admirably adapt$ z ! l>ge/ & mo/ complicat$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,protococcus ,,nivalis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! fir/ vegetable =ms to make _! appe>ance at ! limits ( ! sn[-l9e1 :e!r 9 high latitudes or on m\nta9-summits1 are li*5s2 :i* fl\ri% on rocks1 or /ones1 or trees1 or :]ev] !y c obta9 suffici5t moi/ure to support exi/5ce4 ,upw>ds ( two ?\s& f\r hundr$ species are kn[n4 ,! same k9ds prevail ?r\gh\t ! ,arctic ,regions1 & ! species common to bo? ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,hemisph]es are v num]\s4 ,!y l5d ! beauty ( col\r to _m an ,arctic sc5e :i* w\ld o!rwise be inexpressibly dre>y2 ! mo/ rugg$ rock acquir+ a c]ta9 air ( picturesqu5ess ?r\gh _! luxuriant display4 ,_! =ms are wond]fully v>i$2 s t !y pres5t to ! /ud5t ( ,nature an almo/ inexhau/ible field ( inquiry4 ,9 _! mo/ rudim5t>y aspects !y seem to consi/ ( no?+ m ?an a collection ( p[d]y granules1 s m9ute t ! figure ( ea* is sc>cely di/+ui%able1 & s dry & s defici5t 9 organization t we _c b wond] h[ !y live & ma9ta9 life4 ,n[ !y are se5 l ink-spots on ! trunks ( fall5 trees2 n[ !y are freely spr9kl$ 9 :ite du/ ov] rocks & )]$ tufts ( moss1 o!rs appe> 9 gray filmy pat*es2 o!rs aga9 l knots or rosettes ( v>i\s t9ts2 & "s are pulpy & gelat9\s1 l arial sea-we$s :i* ! rec$+ tide leaves b>e & nak$ on inl& rocks4 ,a great] complexity ( /ructure1 h[ev]1 is visible 9 ! high] ord] ( li*5s1--& we f9d !m ei!r tuft$ & %rubby1 l m9iature trees2 or 9 clu/]+ cups1 :i*1 ,hebe-l1 pres5t _! 8dewy (f]+s to ! sun40 ,9 ! ,pol> ,_w1 & its regions ( et]nal w9t]1 :]e sn[ & ice1 & d>k dre> wat]s1 huge glaci] & colossal b]g1 comb9e to =m an awful & impressive picture1 ! travell] is ?ankful = ! abundance ( ^! humble & primitive =ms1 :i* communicate ! fre%ness & v>iety ( life to ! o!rwise pa9ful & dea?-l uni=mity ( ! fro/-b\nd ,nature4 ,x is true t "h1 8,above1 ar\nd1 bel[1 ,on m\nta9 or 9 gl51 ,nor tree1 nor %rub1 nor plant1 nor fl[]10 may be f\nd 9 ! l&s beyond ! l9e ( p]petual sn[2 x is true t 8,all is rocks at r&om ?r[n1 ,black waves1 b>e crags1 & banks ( /one2 ,z if 7 "h d5i$ ,! summ]'s sun1 ! spr+'s sweet dew1 ,t clo! ) _m a v>i$ hue ,! bleake/ m\nta9-side20 b vegetation is n absolutely want+1 & ! li*5s are s l>gely develop$ & s widely di/ribut$ z to imp>t q a peculi> & di/9ctive "* to ! sc5]y4 ,a li*5 :i* is discov]$ 9 almo/ e zone ( altitude & latitude1 :i* ranges f ! wild %ores ( ,melville ,isl& 9 ! ,arctic to ^? ( ,deception ,isl& 9 ! ,ant>ctic circle1--:i* blooms on ! cre/s ( ! ,himalayas1 on ! l(ty peak ( ,*imborazo1 & 0 f\nd by ,agassiz ne> ! top ( ,mont ,blanc1--is ! ,lecidea geographica1 a beautiful bright-gre5 li*51 ^: clu/]s assume almo/ a kaleidoscopic appe>ance4 ,a li*5 ( great importance 9 ! ,arctic _w is ! well-kn[n ,cladonia rangif]9a1 or re9de] moss1 :i* =ms ! /aple food ( t animal dur+ ! long ,arctic w9t]4 ,9 ! va/ tundras1 or /eppes1 ( ,lapl& x fl\ri%es 9 ! greate/ pr(usion1 completely cov]+ ! gr\nd ) its sn[y tufts1 :i* look l ! silv]y sprays ( "s magic plant4 ,accord+ to ,l9nu1 x ?rives m luxuriantly ?an any o!r plant 9 ! p9e-=e/s ( ,lapl&1 ! surface ( ! soil be+ c>pet$ ) x = _m miles 9 ext5t2 & if ! =e/s are accid5tally burn$ to ! gr\nd1 x quickly reappe>s1 & gr[s ) all its orig9al vig\r4 ,^! pla9s1 :i* seem to ! travell] smitt5 ) ! curse ( desolation1 ! ,lapl&] reg>ds z f]tile pa/ures2 & "h va/ h]ds ( re9de] roam at w1 ?riv+ :]e ! horse1 ! elephant1 & ev5 ! camel w\ld p]i%4 ,?is useful animal is dep5d5t almo/ entirely on a li*5 = support4 ,:at a deep int]e/ is ?us atta*$ to x6 ,t va/ numb]s ( families1 liv+ 9 pa/oral simplicity 9 ! *e]less & inhospitable ,pol> ,regions1 %\ld dep5d = _! subsi/5ce ^u ! uncultur$ & abundant supply ( a plant s l[ 9 ! scale ( organization z ?is1 is1 says ,dr4 ,macmillan1 a /rik+ pro( ( ! great importance ( ev5 ! smalle/ & meane/ objects 9 nature4 ,:5 ! gr\nd is cru/$ ) a h>d & froz5 sn[1 :i* prev5ts x f obta9+ its usual food1 ! re9de] turns to ano!r li*51 call$ rock-hair 7,alectoria jubata71 t gr[s 9 long be>d$ tufts on almo/ e tree4 ,9 w9t]s ( extreme rig\r1 ! ,lapl&]s cut d[n :ole =e/s ( ! l>ge/ trees1 t _! h]ds may br[se freely on ! tufts :i* clo! ! high] bran*es4 ,h5ce x has be5 ju/ly said t 8! va/ dre>y p9e-=e/s ( ,lapl& possess a "* :i* is peculi>ly _! own1 & are p]haps m s+ul> 9 ! eyes ( ! travell] ?an any o!r feature 9 ! l&scapes ( t remote & desolate region4 ,?is "* !y owe to ! imm5se numb] ( li*5s ) :i* !y ab\nd4 ,! gr\nd1 in/ead ( grass1 is c>pet$ ) d5se tufts ( ! re9de] moss1 :ite z a %[] ( new fall5 sn[2 :ile ! trunks & bran*es ( ! trees are swoll5 f> beyond _! natural dim5sions ) huge1 dusky1 fun]eal bran*es ( ! rock-hair1 hang+ d[n 9 masses1 exhal+ a damp e>?y smell1 l an old cell>1 or /ret*+ f tree to tree 9 long fe/oons1 wav+ ) e brea? ( w9d1 & creat+ a p]petual melan*oly s\nd40 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 regions fur!/ nor? are f\nd v>i\s species ( li*5s belong+ to ! g5]a ,gyrophora & ,umbilicuria1 & kn[n 9 ! records ( ,arctic travel z rock tripe1 or tripe de ro*e2 a "n giv5 to !m 9 consequ5ce ( _! bli/]$ ?allus1 :i* be>s a fa9t resemblance to ! animal sub/ance s call$4 ,!y af=d a co>se k9d ( food1 & prov$ ( ! greate/ s]vice to ! exp$itions "u ,sir ,john ,frankl92 ?\gh _! nutriti\s prop]ties are n consid]able1 &1 su* z !y are1 are un=tunately impair$ by ! pres5ce ( a bitt] pr9ciple :i* is apt to induce di>rha4 ,9 ,frankl9 & ,ri*>dson's t]rible ov]l& j\rney f ! ,copp]m9e ,riv] to ,=t ,ent]prise x 0 almo/ ! sole support1 at "o "t1 ( ! h]oic little company4 ,dr4 ,ri*>dson says !y ga!r$ f\r species ( ,gyrophora1#i & us$ !m all z articles ( food2 8b n hav+ ! means ( extract+ ! bitt] pr9ciple f !m1 !y prov$ nause\s to all1 & noxi\s to sev]al ( ! p>ty1 produc+ sev]e b[el compla9ts40 ,frankl9 on "o occasion rem>ks3 8,?is 0 ! six? day s9ce we _h enjoy$ a good meal2 ! tripe de ro*e1 ev5 :5 we got en\gh1 only s]v+ to allay ! pangs ( hung] = a %ort "t40 ,aga91 we read3 8,! want ( tripe de ro*e caus$ u to g supp]less to b$40 ,dr4 ,hayes1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 8,arctic ,boat ,j\rney10 0 compell$ to h rec\rse to ! same unsatisfactory f>e4 ,! rock-li*51 or /one-moss1 z he calls x1 he describes z ab\t an in* 9 diamet] at its maximum gr[?1 & ( ! ?ickness ( a waf]4 ,x is black ext]nally1 b :5 brok5 ! int]ior appe>s :ite4 ,:5 boil$ x makes a glut9\s fluid1 :i* is slightly nutriti\s4 8,al?\gh 9 "s places x gr[s v abundantly10 writes ,dr4 ,hayes1 8yet 9 "o locality x1 l ! game1 0 sc>ce4 ,mo/ ( ! rocks _h none ^u !m2 & !re 7 v few f :i* we c\ld collect z mu* z a qu>t4 ,! difficulty ( ga!r+ x 0 mu* augm5t$ by its crispness1 & ! firmness ( its atta*m5t4 8,= ?is plant1 poor ?\gh x 01 we 7 compell$ to dig4 ,! rocks 9 e case 7 to be cle>$ f sn[1 & (t5 our pa9s w5t unrew>d$4 ,! fir/ "t ?is food 0 tri$ x seem$ to answ] well1--x at lea/ fill$ ! /oma*1 & ?us kept (f ! horrid s5sation ( hung] until we got to sleep2 b x 0 f\nd to produce aft]w>ds a pa9ful di>rha4 ,besides ?is unpleasant effect1 fragm5ts ( gravel1 :i* 7 mix$ ) ! moss1 tri$ our tee?4 ,we pick$ ! plants f ! rock ) our knives1 or a piece ( hoop-iron2 & we c\ld n avoid break+ (f "s p>ticles ( ! /one40 ,^! li*5s are black & lea!r-l1 /udd$ ) small black po9ts l 8coil$ wire buttons10 & atta*$ ei!r by an umbilical root or by %ort & t5aci\s fibres to ! rocks4 ,"s ( !m may be comp>$ to a piece ( %agre51 :ile o!rs resemble a fragm5t ( burn$ sk94 ,!y are met ) 9 cold bleak localities1 on ,alp9e heights ( granite or micace\s s*i/1 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ! _w1--on ! ,scotti% m\nta9s1 on ! ,&es1 on ! ,himalayas2 b x is 9 ! ,pol> ,_w t !y mo/ ab\nd1 spread+ ov] ! surface ( e rock a sombre ,plutonian vegetation1 t seems to h be5 sca!d by fire & flame1 until all its beauty & ri*ness 7 %rivell$ up4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s ( ! li*5s 9 ! less remote latitudes--z1 = in/ance1 9 ,sw$5--are f> sup]ior 9 usefulness to any ( ^? we h hi!rto describ$4 ,! ,sw$i% peasant f9ds 9 !m 8 ph>macy1 8 dye+ mat]ials1 8 food4 ,) ! v>i\s li*5s t gr[ ^u ! trees & rocks1 says ,fr$]ika ,brem]1 he cures ! virul5t diseases :i* sometimes afflict him1 dyes ! articles ( clo?+ :i* he we>s1 & poisons ! noxi\s & dang]\s animals :i* annoy him4 ,! junip] & cranb]ry give him _! b]ries1 :i* he brews into dr9k2 he makes a cons]ve ( !m1 & mixes _! juices ) 8 dry salt-meat1 & is heal?ful & *e]ful ) ^! & ) 8 lab\r1 ( :i* he makes a pleasure4 ,! only li*5 :i* has reta9$ its place 9 mod]n ph>macy is ! well-kn[n 8,icel& moss40 ,x is /ill employ$ z a tonic & febrifuge 9 ague2 b m l>gely1 :5 add$ to s\ps & *ocolate1 z an article ( diet = ! feeble & consumptive4 ,9 ,icel& ! ,cetr>ia ,isl&ica is highly valu$ by ! inhabitants4 ,:at b>ley1 rye1 & oats are to ! ,indo-,caucasian races ( ,asia & ,we/]n ,europe2 ! olive1 ! fig1 & ! grape to ! inhabitants ( ! ,m$it]ranean bas92 rice to ! ,h9du2 ! tea-plant to ! native ( ! ,fl[]y ,l&2 & ! date palm to ! ,arab1--is ,icel& moss to ! ,icel&]1 ! ,lapp1 & ! ,eskimo4 ,x is f\nd on "s ( ! l(tie/ peaks ( ! ,scotti% ,highl&s2 b 9 ,icel& x ov]spreads ! :ole c\ntry1 fl\ri%+ m abundantly & atta9+ to a l>g] gr[? on ! volcanic soil ( ! we/]n coa/ ?an else:]e4 ,x is collect$ tri5nially1 = x requires ?ree ye>s to rea* maturity1 aft] ! spots :]e x ?rives h be5 cle>$4 ,we are told t ! meal obta9$ f x1 :5 mix$ ) :eat-fl\r1 produces a great] quantity1 ?\gh p]haps a less nutriti\s quality1 ( bread ?an c be manufactur$ f :eat-fl\r alone4 ,! great objection to x is its bitt]ness1 aris+ f its peculi> a/r+5t pr9ciple1 cetr>ia4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,lapps & ,icel&]s remove ?is disagreeable pung5cy by a simple process4 ,!y *op ! li*5 to pieces1 & mac]ate x = sev]al days 9 wat] mix$ ) salt ( t>t> or quicklime1 :i* x absorbs v readily2 next !y dry x1 & pulv]ize x2 !n1 mix$ ) ! fl\r ( ! common knot-grass1 x is made into a cake1 or boil$1 & eat5 ) re9de]'s milk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mosses are abundant 9 ! ,arctic ,regions1 increas+ 9 numb] & beauty z we approa* ! ,pole1 & cov]+ ! des]t l& ) a ?9 veil ( v]dure1 :i* refre%es ! eye & gladd5s ! he>d ( ! travell]4 ,on ! hills ( ,lapl& & ,gre5l&1 !y are ext5sively di/ribut$2 & ! l&scape owes mo/ ( its int]e/ to ! *>m+ contra/s !y af=d4 ,( all ! g5]a1 p]haps ! bog-mosses1 ,sphagna1 are ! mo/ luxuriant2 b at ! same "t !y are ! lea/ attractive1 & ! pla9s :i* !y cov] are ev5 dre>i] ?an ! nak$ rock4 ,9 ,melville ,isl& ^! mosses =m upw>ds ( a f\r? "p ( ! :ole flora4 ,mu* f9] to ! sight is ! common hair-moss 7,polytri*um commune71 :i* ext5ds ov] ! levels ( ,lapl&1 & is us$ by ! ,lapps1 :5 !y are b\nd on long j\rneys1 = a tempor>y c\*4 ,we may m5tion also ! =k-moss 7,di]anum71 :i* ! ,eskimos twi/ into wicks = _! rude lamps4 ,we h n space to dwell ^u ! grasses & fungi1 ?\gh ^! are num]\s1 & "s ( !m int]e/+4 ,! co*le>ia1 or scurvy-grass1 has (t5 prov$ ( great utility to ,arctic explor]s2 & ,dr4 ,kane on m ?an "o occasion avail$ himself ( its m$ic9al prop]ties4 ,fungi ext5d almo/ to ! v limits ( ,arctic vegetation4 ,! ,gre5l&]s & ,lapps make use ( !m = t9d]1 or z /yptics = /opp+ ! fl[ ( blood1 & allay+ pa94 ,9 ,sib]ia !y ab\nd4 ,frequ5tly1 9 ! high latitudes1 !y take ! =m ( 8sn[ m\ld10 & are f\nd gr[+ on ! b>r5 & ung5ial sn[4 ,^! species are w>m$ into life only :5 ! sun has gr[n suffici5t to melt ! sup]ficial sn[-cru/1 )\t produc+ a g5]al ?aw1 & !n !y spread f> & wide 9 glitt]+ wool-l pat*es1 dott$ ) specks ( r$ or gre54 ,:5 ! sn[ melts1 !y ov]spread ! grass b5ea? l a film ( cobweb1 & 9 a day or two disappe>4 ,9 ,sib]ia gr[s ! fly-ag>ic 7,ag>icus musc>ius71 f :i* ! inhabitants obta9 an intoxicat+ liquor ( peculi>ly dang]\s "*4 ,x has a tall :ite /em1 surm\nt$ by a dome ( ri* orange sc>let1 /udd$ ) :ite scaly tub]cles1 & 9 "s p>ts ( ,kamts*atka & ! nor!rn di/ricts ( ,sib]ia is s abundant t ! gr\nd sp>kles & %9es z if cov]$ ) a sc>let c>pet4 ,! natives collect x dur+ ! hot summ] mon?s1 & dry x4 ,/eep$ 9 ! juice ( ! :ortleb]ry1 x =ms a p[]ful intoxicat+ w9e2 or roll$ up l a bolus1 & swall[$ )\t *ew+1 x produces mu* ! same effect z opium4 ,on "s1 h[ev]1 x acts z an excitant1 & induces active muscul> ex]tion4 ,a talkative p]son1 "u its influ5ce1 _c keep sil5ce or secrets2 "o fond ( music1 s+s incessantly2 & if a p]son :o has p>tak5 ( x wi%es to /ep ov] a /raw or small /ick1 he takes a /ride or jump suffici5t to cle> ! trunk ( a tree6 ,! ,koriaks & ,kamts*atkans p]sonify ?is fungus1 "u ! "n ( ,mo*o ,moro1 z "o ( _! p5ates1 or h\sehold gods2 & if !y are impell$ by its effects to commit any dreadful crime1 !y pret5d !y act only 9 ob$i5ce to comm&s :i* may n be disput$4 ,to qualify !mselves = murd] or suicide1 !y dr9k additional doses ( 8?is intoxicat+ product ( decay & corruption40 ,dur+ ,capta9 ,p5ny's voyage 9 se>* ( ,sir ,john ,frankl91 he pick$ up two pieces ( float+ drift-wood1 f> beyond ! usual limit ( ,eskimo occupation1 :i*1 f _! peculi> appe>ance1 excit$ a lively curiosity4 ,! "o 0 f\nd 9 ,rob]t ,bay1 (f ,hamilton ,isl&1 lat4 #gf #b' nor?1 & long4 #gf we/1--t is1 9 ! r\te :i* ,frankl9's %ips1 x is suppos$1 _h foll[$1--& 0 pla9ly a fragm5t ( wr\ght elm plank1 :i* _h be5 "p ( a %ip's timb]s4 ,x exhibit$ ?ree k9ds ( surface1--"o t _h be5 plan$ & pit*$1 "o r\ghly sawn1 & ! ?ird split ) an axe4 ,! second piece ( drift-wood 0 pick$ up on ! nor? side ( ,cornwallis ,isl&1 9 lat4 #ge #cf' nor?1 & long4 #if we/4 ,x 0 a bran* ( :ite spruce1 mu* blea*$ 9 "s places1 & 9 o!rs *>r$ & black5$ z if x _h be5 us$ = fuel4 ,on bo? fragm5ts traces ( microscopic vegetation 7 discov]$2 & z x 0 ?\ght !y might1 if c>efully exam9$1 af=d "s clue to ! fate ( ,frankl9's exp$ition1 !y 7 submitt$ to ,mr4 ,b]keley1 a well-kn[n naturali/4 ,9 ! report :i* he address$ to ! ,admiralty1 he /at$ t ! vegetation 9 bo? cases resembl$ ! d>k olive mottl$ pat*es ) :i* wood5 /ructures 9 ?is c\ntry1 if expos$ to atmosph]ic influ5ces1 are spe$ily cov]$4 ,! blea*$ cells & fibres ( ! fragm5t ( elm 7 fill$ up ) sl5d] fungoid =ms1 myceli2 :ile on its diff]5t surfaces appe>$ sev]al d>k-col\r$ specks1 belong+ to ! g5us ,phoma4 ,z x 0 n probable t plants s m9ute c\ld h reta9$1 ?r\gh ! t]rible sev]ity ( an ,arctic w9t]1 _! delicate nak$ spores 9 ! p]fect condition 9 :i* !y 7 f\nd1 ,mr4 ,b]keley conclud$ t !y mu/ h be5 develop$ ?r\gh t same summ]2 :ile f ?ree to f\r ye>s1 9 ^? high latitudes & amid ! rig\r ( /ormy ice-cov]$ seas1 w\ld suffice to produce ! blea*$ appe>ance ( ! wood4 ,h5ce he inf]r$ t ! plank _h n be5 long expos$4 ,on ! o!r fragm5t ( drift-wood he discov]$ "s deeply-emb$d$ m9ute black fungoid =ms1 call$ ,sporidesmium lepr>ia4 ,unlike ! phomas1 :i* are v ephem]al1 ^! plants possess ! longevity ( ! li*5s1 & ! same pat*es la/ = ye>s un*ang$ on ! same pieces ( wood1 :ile _! traces are disc]nible = a /ill long] p]iod4 ,f _! condition1 ,mr4 ,b]keley inf]r$ t ! fungi on ! drift$ wood _h n be5 rec5tly develop$1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 !y 7 ! rema9s ( ! species :i* exi/$ on ! drift-wood :5 us$ = fuel by ! un=tunate crews ( ,frankl9's %ips1 ! ,erebus & ! ,t]ror4 ,!re c be no d\bt :atev]1 z ,dr4 ,macmillan rem>ks1 consid]+ ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y 7 discov]$1 & ! rem>kable appe>ances !y pres5t$--!re c be no reasonable d\bt t bo? fragm5ts ( drift-wood belong$ to1 or 7 connect$ )1 ! lo/ %ips2 & ! curi\s in=mation reg>d+ ! c\rse !y pursu$ at a c]ta9 "t1 furni%$ by witnesses s extraord9>y & unlikely z a few t9y d>k specks ( cryptogamic vegetation on float+ drift-wood1 0 confirm$1 9 a wond]ful mann]1 by ! aft]-discov]y ( ! fir/ au!ntic acc\nt ev] obta9$ ( ! sad & pa!tic hi/ory ( ,frankl9's exp$ition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! read] w n expect to f9d ! tundras ( ,nor!rn ,asia or ! %ores ( ! ,pol> ,sea ri* 9 bud & bloom1 yet ev5 ^! dre>y wa/es are n absolutely )\t floral decoration4 ,sel9um & c]a?ium1 z well z ! poppy & sorrel1 &rom$a1 & sev]al species ( hea?1 are m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,kane z bloom+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,smi? ,/rait4 ,on ! s\? coa/ ( ! ,pol> ,sea ,dr4 ,ri*>dson f\nd a consid]able v>iety ( vegetation4 ,we notic$1 he says1 ab\t "o hundr$ & sev5ty phnogam\s or fl[]+ plants2 be+ "o-fif? ( ! numb] ( species :i* exi/ fifte5 degrees ( latitude fur!r to ! s\?w>d4 ,he adds3--,! grasses1 b5ts1 & ru%es con/itute only "o-fif? ( ! numb] ( species on ! coa/1 b ! two =m] tribes actually cov] m gr\nd ?an all ! re/ ( ! vegetation4 ,! crucif]1 or cross-l tribe1 af=d "o-sev5? ( ! species1 & ! comp\nd fl[]s are ne>ly z num]\s4 ,! %rubby plants t rea* ! sea-coa/ are ! common junip]1 two species ( will[1 ! dw>f-bir*1 ! common ald]1 ! hippopha1 a gooseb]ry1 ! r$ be> b]ry 7arbutus uva ursi71 ! ,labrador tea-plant1 ! ,lapl& rose1 ! bog-:ortleb]ry1 & ! cr[b]ry4 ,! kidney-leav$ oxyria gr[s 9 great abundance !re1 & occasionally furni%$ u ) an agreeable addition to our meals1 z x resembles ! g>d5-sorrel 9 flav\r1 b is m juicy & t5d]4 ,x is eat5 by ! natives1 & mu/1 z well z _m ( ! cress-l plants1 prove an excell5t corrective ( ! gross1 oily1 rancid1 & frequ5tly putrid meat on :i* !y subsi/4 ,! small balls ( ! ,alp9e bi/ort1 & ! long1 succul5t1 & sweet roots ( _m ( ! a/ragale1 :i* gr[ on ! s&y %ores1 are eatable2 b x does n seem t ! ,eskimos are acqua9t$ ) _! use4 ,a few clumps ( :ite spruce-fir1 ) "s /raggl+ black spruces & canoe-bir*es1 gr[ at ! di/ance ( tw5ty or ?irty miles f ! sea1 9 %elt]$ situations on ! banks ( riv]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ic ( ! vegetation ( ! ,arctic ,regions is ! pr$om9ance ( p]5nial & cryptogam\s plants2 b fur!r s\?w>d1 :]e night beg9s to alt]nate ) day1 or 9 :at may be call$ ! sub-arctic zone1 a diff]5ce ( species appe>s :i* greatly enhances ! beauty ( ! l&scape4 ,a ri* & vividly-col\r$ flora adorns ^! latitudes 9 ,europe z well z 9 ,asia dur+ _! brief b ard5t summ]1 ) its int5se radiance & int5se w>m?1--consi/+ ( pot5tillas1 g5tians1 />ry *ick-we$s1 spread+ saxifrages & s$ums1 spirz1 drabas1 artemisias1 & ! l4 ,! p[] ( ! sun is s great1 & ! consequ5t rapidity ( gr[? s extraord9>y1 t ^! plants spr+ up1 & blossom1 & g]m9ate1 & p]i% 9 six weeks4 ,9 a l[] latitude _m ligne\s plants are f\nd1--z b]ry-be>+ %rubs1 ! glauc\s kalmia1 ! trail+ azalea1 ! full-blossom$ rhodod5dron4 ,! ,sib]ian flora diff]s f ! ,european 9 ! same latitudes by ! inclusion ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican g5]a1 phlox1 mitella1 & claytonia1 & by ! luxuriance ( its a/]s1 spirz1 milk-vet*es1 & ! sal9e plants goosefoot & saltwort4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,novaia ,zemlaia & o!r nor!rn regions ! vegetation is s /unt$ t x b>ely cov]s ! gr\nd1 b a mu* great] v>iety ( m9ute plants ( consid]able beauty are aggregat$ !re 9 a limit$ space ?an 9 ! ,alp9e climes ( ,europe :]e ! same g5]a occur4 ,?is is due to ! feebl5ess ( ! vegetation2 = 9 ! ,swiss ,alps ! same plant frequ5tly usurps a l>ge area1 & drives out e o!r1--z ! d>k blue g5tian1 ! violet-t9t$ pansy1 & ! yell[ & p9k /one-crops4 ,b 9 ! f> nor?1 :]e vitality is weak & ! se$s d n rip51 ?irty diff]5t species1 x has be5 obs]v$1 may be se5 8cr[d$ toge!r 9 a brilliant mass10 no "o be+ p[]ful en\gh to ov]come its companions4 ,9 ^! froz5 climates plants may be said to live betwe5 ! air & ! e>?1 = !y sc>cely raise _! heads above ! soil1 & _! roots1 unable to p5etrate x1 creep along ! surface4 ,all ! woody plants--z ! betula nava1 ! reticulat$ will[1 &rom$a tetragona1 ) a few baccif]\s %rubs--trail ^u ! gr\nd1 & nev] rise m ?an an in* or two above x4 ,! ,salix lanata1 ! giant ( ! ,arctic =e/s1 is ab\t five in*es 9 height2 :ile its /em1 t5 or twelve feet long1 lies hidd5 among ! moss1 & owes %elt]1 almo/ life1 to its humble neighb\r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,novaia ,zemlaia we pass to ,spitzb]g51 ^: flora conta9s ab\t n9ety-?ree species ( fl[]+ or phnogam\s plants1 :i*1 l ^? already m5tion$1 g5]ally gr[ 9 tufts or pat*es1 z if = ! sake ( mutual protection4 ,! delicate mosses :i* clo! ! moi/ l[l&s1 & ! h>dy li*5s :i* incru/ ! rocks up to ! remote/ limits ( vegetation1 are v num]\s4 ,"s ( ! ,spitzb]g5 plants are f\nd on ! ,alps1 at elevations v>y+ f #ijjj to #aj1jjj feet above ! sea-level2 su* z ! ,ar5>ia biflora1 ! ,c]a/ium alp9um1 & ! ,ranunculus glacialis4 ,! only escul5t plant is ! ,co*le>ia f5e/rata1 :i* "h loses its bitt] pr9ciples1 s mu* compla9$ ( by our ,arctic explor]s1 & may be eat5 z a salad4 ,icel& moss & sev]al grasses af=d su/5ance = ! re9de]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a v diff]5t description is giv5 ( ,kamts*atka1 to :i* we are once m br\ght 9 ! c\rse ( our rapid survey4 ,its climate is mu* m temp]ate & uni=m ?an t ( ,sib]ia1 & z ! air is humid1 ! h]bace\s vegetation is extraord9>ily luxuriant4 ,n only along ! banks ( ! riv]s & lakes1 b 9 ! av5ues & copses ( ! woodl&s1 ! grass atta9s a height ( fully twelve feet1 :ile ! size ( "s ( ! composit & umbellif] is really colossal4 ,= example1 ! ,h]aclium dulce & ! ,s5ecio cannabifolius frequ5tly gr[ s tall z to ov]top a rid] ^u horseback4 ,! pa/urage is s ri* t ! grass g5]ally yields ?ree crops e summ]4 ,a species ( lily1 ! d>k purple ,fritall>ia s>rana1 is v abundant1 & ! inhabitants use its tub]s in/ead ( bread & meal4 ,if ! fruits ( ! bread-fruit tree are pre-em95t among all o!rs1 z af=d+ man a p]fect sub/itute = bread1 ! roots ( ! s>rana1 :i* are v simil> 9 ta/e1 rank p]haps imm$iately aft] !m4 ,! collection ( ^! tub]s 9 ! mead[s is an important summ] occupation ( ! wom51 & "o :i* is r tr\blesome1 z ! plant nev] gr[s greg>i\sly1 s t ea* root has to be dug out sep>ately ) a knife4 ,=tunately ! "w ( ga!r+ ! tub]s is mu* light5$ by ! activity ( ! ,sib]ian field-vole1 :i* excavates an ample burr[1 & /ores x = w9t] provision ) a l>ge supply ( roots1 *iefly ^? ( ! s>rana4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to sum up3-- ,:at may be call$ ! ,arctic climate ext5ds ov] ne>ly ! :ole ( ,dani% ,am]ica1 ! newly-acquir$ possessions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! orig9al ,hudson ,bay ,t]ritory1 & ,labrador1 d[n to t unimportant wat]%$ :i* sep>ates f ! tribut>ies ( ,hudson ,bay ! ?ree great bas9s ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ! five great lakes1 & ! ,mississippi4 ,?is l9e ( wat]%$ undulates betwe5 ! #ebnd & #di? p>allels ( latitude1 f ,belle ,isle ,/rait to ! s\rces ( ! ,saskat*ewan1 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :]e x inflects t[>ds ! ,pacific ,ocean1 skirt+ on ! nor? ! bas9 ( ! ,columbia4 ,?us b\nd$ on ! s\?1 ! ,arctic l&s ( ,am]ica1 includ+ ! gr\ps ( isl&s ly+ to ! nor? & nor?-ea/1 _c occupy less ?an #efj1jjj squ>e leagues4 ,!y exce$1 !re=e1 ! sup]ficial area ( ! ,european l&s1 e/imat$ at ab\t #dij1jjj squ>e leagues4 ,we propose to divide ^! l&s into two zones or regions1 ! wood$ & ! des]t zones3 ! =m]1 9 ,am]ica1 includes ! bas9s ( ! ,upp] ,mack5zie1 ! ,*ur*ill1 ! ,nelson1 & ! ,sev]n4 ,9 ! wood$ zone ! !rmomet] does n rise above z]o until ! mon? ( ,may4 ,!n1 "u ! influ5ce ( a m g5ial temp]ature1 ! brea? ( life passes into ! slumb]+1 in]t vegetation4 ,!n ! r$di% %oots ( ! will[s1 ! popl>s1 & ! bir*es hang out _! long cottony catk9s2 a pleasant gre5ness spreads ov] copse & ?icket2 ! d&elion1 ! burdock1 & ! saxifrages lift _! heads 9 ! %elt] ( ! rocks2 ! sweet-bri] fills ! air ) fragrance1 & ! gooseb]ry & ! /rawb]ry are put =? by a k9dly nature2 :ile ! valleys bloom & ! hill-sides are glad ) ! beauty ( ! ?uja1 ! l>*1 & ! p9e4 ,! b\nd>y betwe5 ! wood$ zone & ! b>r5 w\ld be %[n by a l9e drawn f ! m\? ( ! ,*ur*ill 9 ,hudson ,bay to ,m\nt ,/4 ,elias on ! ,pacific coa/1 trav]s+ ! s\!rn %ores ( ! ,be> & ! ,slave ,lakes4 ,to ! nor?1 ?is b>r5 zone t\*es on et]nal sn[1 & includes ! ice-b\nd coa/s ( ! ,p>ry ,ar*ipelago2 to ! ea/ & ! nor?-ea/1 id5tity ( climate & uni=m "* ( soil br+ )9 x ! greate/ "p ( ,labrador & all ,gre5l&4 ,9 ,asia ! iso!rmal l9e ( ,o desc5ds t[>ds ! #ee? p>allel ( latitude1 "o l[] ?an 9 ,am]ica1--?\gh to ! nor? ( x "s important t[ns are situat$1 z ,tobolsk1 lat4 #eh #aa'2 ,irkutsk1 lat1 #eh #af'2 & ,yakutsk1 lat4 #fb4 ,9 ,cont95tal ,europe1 ! only ,arctic l&s prop]ly s call$1 & di/+ui%$ by an ,arctic flora1 are ,russian ,lapl& & ! deeply-ind5t$ coa/ ( ,nor!rn ,russia4 ,f> away to ! nor?1 & sep>at$ f ! cont95t by a n>r[ arm ( ! sea1 lie ! ?ree almo/ contigu\s isl&s kn[n z ,novaia ,zemlaia 7lat4 #fh #ej' to #gf ,n474 ,& /ill fur!r nor?1 almo/ equidi/ant f ! ,old ,_w & ! ,new1 lies ! gloomy m\nta9\s ar*ipelago ( ,spitzb]g5 7lat4 #gg to #ha1 & long4 #aj to #bd74 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h n[ only to recapitulate ! g5]al *>act]s ( ! ,arctic flora1 z !y w\ld pres5t !mselves to a travell] advanc+ f ! wood$ zone into ! des]t1 & !nce to ! bord]s ( ! ,pol> ,sea4 ,on ! s\!rn m>g9 ( ! wood$ region1 z 9 ,sw$51 ,russia1 & ,sib]ia1 ext5d imm5se =e/s1 *iefly ( conif]\s trees4 ,z we move t[>ds ! nor? ^! =e/s dw9dle into scatt]$ woods & isolat$ coppices1 compos$ *iefly ( /unt$ popl>s & dw>f bir*es & will[s4 ,! sub-alp9e myrtle1 & a small creep+ honeysuckle ) r\nd$ leaves1 are met ) 9 fav\rable situations4 ,cont9u+ our nor!rly progress1 we :olly leave beh9d ! arboresc5t species2 b ! rocks & cliffs are bright ) plants belong+ to ! families ( ! ranunculace1 saxifragace1 crucif]1 & gram9e4 ,to ! dw>f firs & pigmy will[s succe$ a few scatt]$ %rubs--su* z ! gooseb]ry1 ! /rawb]ry1 ! raspb]ry1 pseudo-mulb]ry 7,rubus *ammorus7--indig5\s to ?is region1 & ! ,lapl& ole&] 7,rhodod5dron laponicum74 ,/ill advanc+ nor?w>d1 we f9d1 at ! extreme limits ( ! ma9l&1 "s drabas 7,crucif]71 pot5tillas 7,rosace71 burwe$s & ru%es 7,cyp]ace71 & la/ly a great abundance ( mosses & li*5s4 ,! commone/ mosses are ! ,sple*num1 :i* resembles small umbels2 &1 9 moi/ places1 ! ,sphagnum1 or bog-moss1 ^: successive accumulations1 f a remote epo*1 h =m$1 ) ! detritus ( ! ,cyp]ace1 ext5sive areas ( peat1 :i* at a future day w p]haps be utiliz$ = fuel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we come n[ to exam9e ! =ms ( ,animal ,life :i* exi/ "u ! conditions ( climate & vegetation we h be5 describ+4 ,=emo/ we mu/ place ! animal :i*1 9 ! ,arctic ,_w1 occupies mu* ! same position z ! camel 9 ! ,tropical1--! re9de] 7,c]vus tur&us74 ,9 size ! re9de] resembles ! ,engli% /ag1 b 8 =m is less graceful & m compress$4 ,he /&s ab\t f\r feet six in*es 9 height4 ,long1 sl5d]1 bran*+ horns embelli% 8 head4 ,! upp] "p ( 8 body is ( a br[n col\r1 ! "u "p is :ite2 b z ! animal advances 9 ye>s 8 entire coat *anges to a grayi%-:ite1 &1 9 n a few cases1 is pure :ite4 ,! ne!r "p ( ! neck1 or dewlap1 droops l a p5d5t be>d4 ,! ho(s are l>ge1 long1 & black2 & s are ! second>y ho(s on ! h9d feet4 ,! latt]1 :5 ! animal is runn+1 make by _! collision a curi\s clatt]+ s\nd1 :i* may be he>d at a consid]able di/ance4 ,! re9de] anci5tly invad$ ,europe & ,asia to a comp>atively l[ latitude2 & ,julius ,cs> includes x among ! animals ( ! great ,h]cynian =e/4 ,ev5 9 our own "t l>ge h]ds trav]se ! wood$ heights ( ! s\!rn prolongation ( ! ,ouralian range4 ,betwe5 ! ,volga & ! ,don !y desc5d to ! #df? p>allel2 & !y ext5d _! w&]+s z f> z ! v foot ( ! ,caucasus1 on ! banks ( ! ,k\ma4 ,/ill1 ! prop] habitat ( ! re9de] is t region ( ice & sn[ b\nd$ by ! ,arctic ,circle1--or1 m exactly1 by ! iso!rmal l9e ( #j ,c4 ,bo? ! wild & ! tame species *ange _! fe$+-gr\nds ) ! seasons4 ,9 w9t] !y come d[n into ! pla9s & valleys2 9 summ] !y retire to ! m\nta9s1 :]e ! wild h]ds ga9 ! mo/ elevat$ t]races1 9 ord] to escape ! p]t9aci\s attacks ( _! insect-enemies4 ,x is a fact wor?y ( note t e species ( animal is infe/$ by a p>asitical insect4 ,! /re s t]rifies ! re9de] t ! m]e appe>ance ( "o 9 ! air w infuriate a troop ( a ?\s& animals4 ,9 ! m\lt+ season ^! insects deposit _! eggs 9 ! sk9 ( ! un=tunate animal1 & !re ! l>v lodge & multiply ad inf9itum1 incessantly r5ew+ c5tres ( suppuration4 ,to ! natives ( ,nor? ,am]ica ! re9de] is invaluable4 ,!re is h>dly a "p ( ! animal n made available = "s useful purpose4 ,clo?+ made ( its sk9 is1 accord+ to ,sir ,j4 ,ri*>dson1 s imp]vi\s to cold1 t1 ) ! addition ( a cov]let made ( ! same mat]ial1 any "o s protect$ may biv\ac on ! sn[ ) safety 9 ! mo/ int5se cold ( ! ,arctic night4 ,! v5ison1 :5 9 high condition1 has sev]al in*es ( fat on ! haun*es1 & is said to equal t ( ! fall[-de] 9 our ,engli% p>ks2 ! tongue1 & a portion ( ! tripe1 are reckon$ mo/ delici\s morsels4 ,pemmican is made by p\r+ "o-?ird "p ( fat ov] two-?ird p>ts ( ! p\nd$ meat1 & mix+ fat & meat ?or\ghly toge!r4 ,! ,eskimos & ,gre5l&]s consid] ! /oma*1 or paun*1 ) its cont5ts1 a special delicacy2 & ,capta9 ,sir ,james ,ross says t ! cont5ts =m ! only vegetable food ev] ta/$ by ! natives ( ,boo?ia4 ,= ! re9de] is a h]bivor\s animal1 & fe$s ^u ! mosses & grasses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wild ,,re9de]4 ,! re9de] is by no means a graceful animal2 its jo9ts are l>ge1 & p[]ful 9 proportion to its size2 ! divid$ ho(s are v l>ge1 & z ! animal is compell$ to lift its feet high :5 go+ ov] ! sn[1 its gallop has none ( t beautiful ela/ic spr+ :i* *>act]izes ! de] ( our own isl&s1 ?\gh its pace is 8tell+10 & soon c>ries x ahead ( ev]y?+ b ! long-w9d$1 long-legg$ wolf4 ,! /ags ca/ _! antl]s1 & ! does drop _! "y1 9 ,may or ,june1 ab\t ! "t ( ! fir/ ?aw4 ,! males & females are !n v seldom f\nd toge!r2 ! female de] collect+ 9 small h]ds ) _! "y2 ! little creatures1 :i* seem all eyes1 e>s1 & legs1 tak+ al>m at any unaccu/om$ s\nd or ! slighte/ appe>ance ( dang]4 ,! summ] vegetation fatt5s ! bucks & does amaz+ly1 & ! fawns ?rive & develop2 all ?ree1 says ,osborn1 hav+ a comp>ative holiday1 & gett+ into condition to face ! trials ( ! com+ w9t]2 :ile ! wolf & ! fox1 _! sworn enemies1 are pursu+ ! infant seals & be>s1 or att5d+ to _! own little dome/ic duties4 ,b :5 ! autumn fro/ sets 91 & h>d5s ! gr\nd1 & ! d5se sn[ once m ov]spreads ! dre>y nor!rn l&scape1 ! wolves resume _! attacks on ! un=tunate de]4 ,= w>m? or protection1 & foll[+ ! natural in/9cts ( greg>i\s animals1 !y n[ beg9 to collect toge!r 9 l>ge h]ds ( bucks1 does1 & fawns1 numb]+ z _m z sixty & sev5ty head4 ,! /ags seem to und]take ! discipl9e ( ^! l>ge companies1 z well z to be responsible = _! safety4 ,capta9 ,me*am relates t1 9 ,octob] #aheb1 :5 cross+ t "p ( ,melville ,isl& :i* int]v5es betwe5 ,liddon ,gulf & ,w9t] ,h>b\r1 he fell 9 ) z _m z ?ree hundr$ head ( de]2 & he adds t re9de] 7 always 9 sight1 9 h]ds v>y+ f t5 to sixty 9 numb]4 ,"o ( ^! h]ds1 conta9+ tw5ty males1 he tri$ to /alk up to on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 b fail$ 9 gett+ a %ot at !m2 = al?\gh ! does1 ) ! inh]5t weakness ( _! sex1 %[$ an excessive curiosity1 & made "o or two ef=ts to des]t ! h]d & exam9e ! /rang]1 ! /ags w\ld 9 n[ise tol]ate su* conduct1 b *a/is$ !m sm>tly ) _! antl]s1 & kept ! h]d toge!r & 9 motion by runn+ rapidly r\nd & r\nd1 utt]+ at ! same "t a /range noise :i* seem$ to al>m ! h]d1 & keep x fly+ f ! suspect$ dang]4 ,! coat ( ! re9de] 9 summ]-"t is rem>kably ?91 & adapt$ admirably 9 col\r to t ( ! sn[-d5ud$ soil2 b z w9t] approa*es1 x ?ick5s1 & gradually resumes its sn[y :it5ess4 ,?\gh n1 /rictly speak+1 a fur1 x =ms an admirable non-conduct+ sub/ance4 ,z w9t]1 8rul] ( ! inv]t$ ye>10 ext5ds 8 sway ov] ! ,pol> ,_w1 & food gr[s sc>ce & indiff]5t1 & has to be s\ght ov] l>g] areas1 ! h]ds break up into companies ( t5 or tw5ty animals2 ! li*5s1 ! re9de] moss already describ$ 7,cetr>ia ,isl&ica71 & ! spr\ts ( ! creep+ will[ =m+ _! pr9cipal food4 ,on ?is bran* ( our subject ,admiral ,%]>d ,osborn makes two sugge/ive rem>ks4 ,arctic vegetation1 he obs]ves1 has no "t 9 ! autumn to )] or decay--:ile 9 full bloom1 & be=e ! juices h "t to return into ! p>5t root or be o!rwise dissipat$1 ! 8magic h& ( ! fro/ k+0 /rikes !m2 & ?us ! wisdom ( ! ,creator has provid$ = ! n\ri%m5t ( 8 creatures a fre% & w>m?-creat+ food1 ly+ hid "u a mantle ( sn[1 :i* ! in/9ct ( ^? ,arctic animals tea*es !m to remove & rea* ! /ores s b5efic5tly pres]v$ b5ea?4 ,moreov]1 mo/ h]bivor\s animals h a sl[ sy/em ( dige/ion1 ev5 9 a dome/ic /ate2 z1 = in/ance1 our cattle & %eep4 ,?is appe>s to be m conspicu\sly ! case 9 ! musk-ox1 ! re9de]1 & ! ,arctic h>e1 & is ( great utility 9 l&s :]e vegetation is scanty & wide-spread1 & ! wea!r occasionally s sev]e z to compel ^! creatures1 = two or ?ree days at a "t1 to ?9k only ( _! safety by seek+ %elt] f ! sn[-/orms 9 deep rav9es or "u l(ty cliffs4 ,x appe>s 9 _! case z if ,nature extract$ f _! food a great] quantity ( n\ri%m5t ?an %e does f t ( animals 9 m s\!rn latitudes2 or possibly1 ! food1 by ! m]e act ( rema9+ 9 ! /oma* or inte/9es1 s]ves to *eck ! crav+s ( appetite1 ?\gh no fur!r nutrim5t %\ld be extract$4 ,mo/ ( ! musk-ox5 & de] %ot 9 ,capta9 ,m',cl9tock's exp$ition1 & especially ! musk-ox51 _h _! entrails di/5d$ ) food app>5tly q dige/$1 :ile ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 9 _m cases 0 absolutely b>r5 & lifeless1--induc+ ! conclusion t ^! creatures _h be5 a long "t collect+ _! supplies1 z also t x _h be5 a long "t swall[$1 & necessitat$ ! full activity ( ! vital pr9ciple to prev5t ! food f prov+ a s\rce ( disease4 ,?is1 inde$1 0 cle>ly prov$ 9 ! case ( ! musk-ox51 :i*1 if %ot1 & left twelve h\rs )\t be+ disemb[ell$1 grew ta9t$ ?r\gh\t ) a /rong musky od\r1 r5d]+ ! fle% uneatable4 ,x may also be /at$1 z an illu/ration ( ! facility ) :i* ! re9de] c w9t] 9 high latitudes1 t 9 ,lapl&1 :]e !y are us$ z bea/s ( draught1 a daily supply ( f\r p\nds ( li*5 7,c5omyce rangif]9a7 is consid]$ ample = a work+ animal2 & on ?is diet>y a re9de] w be 9 suffici5tly good condition to g )\t food occasionally = two or ?ree days1 & yet1 to all appe>ance1 n to be di/ress$4 ,?us1 z reg>ds its /ores ( food1 & its provision aga9/ ! sev]ity ( ! ,arctic w9t]1 ! re9de] w\ld seem to be suitably & amply end[$2 & its greate/ trial is ! incessant rapacity ( ! wolves t foll[ its track ?r\gh\t ! w9t] season4 ,z t season advances1 ! un=tunate animal app>5tly resigns itself to an evil :i* x _c avoid or av]t2 & ! calm composure ) :i* a small troop ( ^! creatures w graze ) an ent\rage ( half a doz5 wolves is n less curi\s to ! obs]v] ?an philosophical on ! "p ( ! re9de]6 8,a h]d ( de]10 says an eye-witness1 8?us surr\nd$ by ! wolves1 :o 7 too great c[>ds to ru% 9 ^u _! prey1 w\ld be />tl$ e n[ & !n by ! long-drawn une>?ly h[l ( ! hungry brutes2 sometimes a fright5$ de]1 horror-/rick5 at ! abom9able *ant1 da%es madly away f ! h]d1--away all1 or a portion1 ( ! wolfi% frat]nity g aft] x4 ,9 _m cases ! sc5e may be briefly summ$ up ) ! old ?ree-volume d5\em5t (--a ru%1 a %riek1 a crun*+ ( bones1 & sn>l+ ( bea/s ( prey1 & all is ov]6 = ! wond]ful p[]s ( swall[ & horrid voracity ( an ,arctic wolf mu/ be se5 to be und]/ood2 no writ] w\ld p]il 8 reputation = v]acity by repeat+ :at has be5 se5 on t head4 ,b sometimes ! fright5$ de] ga9s ! op5 c\ntry1 & goes wond]ful di/ances dogg$ by ! p]sev]+ wolf1 :o assur$ly has x1 unless ano!r h]d is met :i* admits ! hunt$ de] into its ranks4 8,occasionally1 :il/ a h]d ( de] are graz+1 "o ( !m may happ5 to hit ^u a spot :]e ! food is pl5tiful2 x naturally l+]s !re1 :ile ! h]d is mov+ sl[ly on aga9/ ! w9d4 ,! wolves imm$iately m>k ! /raggl]1 & /eal?ily crawl on1 _! object be+ to cut him (f f ! h]d2 t effect$1 !re is a h[l & a ru%1 :i* if ! de] does n evade by extraord9>y ex]tions1 8 fate is in/antly seal$40 ,^! sc5es are enact$ ?r\gh\t ! long ,arctic w9t]4 ,:5 sight is r5d]$ useless1 sc5t comes to ! aid ( ! rapaci\s de/roy]2 & we c well believe t _m an explor]1 9 ! ,decemb] d>kness ( ! froz5 wa/es1 has (t5 wi%$ 8 olfactory n]ves 7 z s5sitively organiz$ z ^? ( ! wolf4 ,= al?\gh he c !n he> ! re9de]1 x is impossible to see !m1 except :5 !y hurry across ! d>k b sn[y l&scape2 & _m a bad %ot has be5 made by a hungry seaman at a l>ge pair ( melan*oly eyes :i* pe]$ out ( ! envelop+ mi/1 because he c\ld n tell1 = ! life ( him1 :e!r ! animal 0 di/ant two or tw5ty y>ds4 ,9 ! dreadful w9t] ( #aheb-ec1 ! de] approa*$ close to ! explor+-%ip ,inve/igator1 hav+ quitt$ ! l& & trav]s$ ! belt ( ice4 ,x is difficult to say :e!r ?is 0 done ) a view ( seek+ ! w>m? :i* in/9ct1 if n sc5t1 told !m radiat$ f ! vessels1--! vessels1 comp>$ ) ! temp]ature ev]y:]e prevail+ 7namely1 #ie bel[ freez+-po9t71 be+ complete volcanoes ( heat2 or :e!r x 0 = security aga9/ _! wolfi% enemies4 ,probably1 x 0 = ! fir/-nam$ reason2 inasmu* z x is record$ t ! foxes ( ,leopold ,h>b\r1 9 #ahdh1 soon became aw>e ( ! w>m] atmosph]e produc$ by ! pres5ce ( ,sir ,james ,ross's squadron1 & sagaci\sly burr[$ & br$ 9 ! embankm5ts ?r[n up ar\nd ! %ips4 ,b1 at l5g?1 w9t] & its sorr[s pass away1 & e>ly 9 ! new ye> a happi] life dawns on ! mu*-tri$ re9de]4 ,9 ,febru>y & ,m>* ! seals beg9 to bre$1 & z ! att5tion ( ! wolves & o!r bea/s ( prey is !n drawn to ! helpless "y1 :i* are truly 8delici\s morsels10 ! holidays ( ! re9de] may be said to comm5ce4 ,we may rem9d ! read] also t ! ,arctic h>e & ! lemm+ w9t] 9 ! icy nor?1 & yield occasional meals to wolf & fox4 ,! spr+ returns1 & z ! sun rises above ! horizon1 ! great h]ds gradually break up & scatt] abroad2 & ! de] may !n be se5 9 w&]+ gr\ps ( ?ree or f\r1 until once m ! autumn-twilight deep5s1 & !y reassemble 9 num]\s companies4 ,z ! re9de] is ! camel ( ! ,pol> ,_w1 s ! ,arctic wolf may be said to occupy ! place ( ! tig]2 s d>+ is its c\rage1 & s fi]ce its lu/ ( blood4 ,assembl+ 9 l>ge packs1 !y are n afraid to haunt ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( man4 ,9 ,capta9 ,m',cl9tock's exp$ition1 !y ga!r$ r\nd ! ,inve/igator at su* close qu>t]s1 t x 0 unsafe = ! crew to leave ! %ip1 unless 9 companies1 & well-arm$2 & ) _! melan*oly h[ls !y made night hide\s4 ,five ( !m attempt$ to p\nce on an ,eskimo dog :i* _h long be5 ! pet ( ! ,inve/igator4 ,"o ( ^! brutes is describ$ z a 8p]fect giant10 /&+ ne>ly f\r feet high at ! %\ld]1 & hav+ a footm>k z big z a re9de]'s4 ,our ,engli% seam5 plann$ _m a clev] s*eme to entrap ^! w>y creatures1 b all fail$1 :ile "s ( ! enc\nt]s ) !m 7 unpleasantly close1 & ! risk v consid]able4 ,"o day1 ! boatswa91 :ile out %oot+1 broke by a %ot two ( ! legs ( a f9e buck re9de]4 ,ev5+ com+ on1 & he kn[+ ! animal c\ld n drag itself f>1 return$ to ! %ip4 ,next morn+1 he />t$ at an e>ly h\r to secure 8 prize4 ,:at 0 8 disgu/1 :5 he arriv$ at ! place1 to f9d 8 booty 9 ! possession ( five l>ge wolves & sev]al foxes6 ,det]m9$ to h1 at all ev5ts1 a %>e1 ! boatswa9 advanc$1 %\t+ ) all 8 might1 & hurl+ at ! ?ieves e opprobri\s phrase he c\ld inv5t1 yet afraid to fire 8 s+le-b>rell$ gun at any "o ( !m1 = fe> ! re/ %\ld s]ve him z !y 7 s]v+ ! buck2 m p>ticul>ly z !y appe>$ incl9$ to %[ fight1 & made no sign ( retreat until he 0 )9 f\r y>ds4 ,ev5 !n only f\r _h ! grace to move away1 sitt+ d[n a pi/ol-%ot (f1 & h[l+ mo/ lam5tably4 ,! boatswa9 pick$ up a leg ( ! de]1 :i* _h be5 dismemb]$1 & !n grasp$ "o end ( ! half-dev\r$ c>cass1 :ile a l>ge %e wolf tugg$ aga9/ him at ! o!r4 ,x mu/ be own$ t ?is position 0 a disagreeable "o1 & _h ! h[l+ ( ! f\r wolves br\ght o!rs ( _! k9d to ! rescue1 ! consequ5ces ( ?is affray betwe5 hungry wolves & a no less hungry sailor might h prov$ s]i\s4 ,=tunately1 ! int]pret]1 :o *anc$ likewise to be out %oot+ on a neighb\r+ hill1 _h 8 att5tion attract$ by ! noise ( ! brutes1 & made 8 appe>ance on ! sc5e4 ,he aft]w>ds describ$ x z ! /range/ he _h ev] witness$4 ,s close 7 ! boatswa9 & ! c>nivora 9 _! /ruggle = ! meat1 t he fanci$ ! latt] _h actually attack$ ! =m]4 ,on ! arrival ( ?is re9=cem5t ! wolves decamp$1 leav+ ! gallant boatswa9 ) only tw5ty p\nds weight ( meat1 in/ead ( ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty 8 prize mu/ h orig9ally weigh$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! id5tities betwe5 ! ,arctic dog & ! ,arctic wolf are s important t ,dr4 ,kane agrees ) ,mr4 ,brod]ip 9 assign+ to ^! animals a family orig94 ,! oblique position ( ! wolf's eye is n uncommon among ! ,eskimo dogs4 ,dr4 ,kane _h a slut1 "o ( ! tame/ & mo/ affectionate ( 8 team1 :o _h ! long legs1 ! compact body1 ! droop+ tail1 & ! wild sc>$ expression ( ! eye1 :i* "s naturali/s h suppos$ to di/+ui% ! wolf alone4 ,:5 dome/icat$ e>ly--& x is easy to dome/icate him--! wolf foll[s & loves y l a dog4 8,t !y are fond ( w&]+ proves no?+2 _m ( our pack w /ray = weeks10 says ,kane1 8into ! wild]ness ( ice2 yet !y _c be p]suad$1 :5 !y come back1 to inhabit ! k5nel we h built = !m only a few hundr$ y>ds (f4 ,!y cr\* ar\nd = ! companion%ip ( m540 ,bo? animals h[l 9 unison alike2 &1 9 mo/ p>ts1 _! footpr9t is ! same4 ,! musk-ox 7,ovibos mos*atus7 is "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ! ,pol> rum9ants4 ,z its zoological "n indicates1 x is an int]m$i>y betwe5 ! ox & ! %eep4 ,small] ?an ! =m]1 l>g] ?an ! latt]1 x rem9ds u ( bo? 9 its %ape & g5]al appe>ance4 ,x has an obtuse nose2 horns broad at ! base1 cov]+ ! =ehead & cr[n ( ! head1 & curv+ d[nw>ds betwe5 ! eye & e> until ab\t ! level ( ! m\?1 :]e !y turn upw>ds2 ! tail is %ort1 & almo/ hidd5 by ! ?ickness ( ! %aggy hair1 :i* is g5]ally ( a d>k br[n1 & ( two k9ds1 z ) all ! animals ( ! ,pol> ,regions2 a long hair1 :i* on "s p>ts ( ! body is ?ick & curl$1 &1 und]nea?1 a f9e k9d ( s(t1 a%-col\r$ wool2 ! legs are %ort & ?ick1 & furni%$ ) n>r[ ho(s1 l ^? ( ! moose4 ,! female is small] ?an ! male1 & h] horns are small]4 ,h] g5]al col\r is black1 except t ! legs are :iti%1 & along ! back runs an elevat$ ridge or mane ( dusky hair4 ,! musk-ox1 z 8 "n implies1 ?r[s out a /rong od\r ( musk1--) :i*1 inde$1 8 v fle% is impregnat$1 s t ! sc5t is communicat$ to ! knife us$ 9 cutt+ up ! animal4 ,n ! less is he reg>d$ z a valuable booty by ! ,indians & ! ,eskimos1 :o hunt him eag]ly4 ,he w&]s 9 small troops ov] ! rocky prairies :i* ext5d to ! nor? ( ! great lakes ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,he is a fi]ce-temp]$ animal1 & 9 def5ce ( 8 female w fight desp]ately4 ,8 g5]al habits resemble /rongly ^? ( ! re9de]2 b 8 range appe>s to be pr9cipally limit$ to ,melville ,isl&1 ,banks ,l&1 & ! l>ge isl&s to ! s\?-ea/ ( ! latt]4 ,"o ( our ,arctic explor]s describes ! musk-ox5 z all v wild 9 ,april1 & z g5]ally se5 9 l>ge h]ds f t5 to sev5ty 9 numb]4 ,9 ,june !y 7 /upidly tame1 & seem$ to be oppress$ by _! heavy coats ( wool1 :i* 7 hang+ loosely d[n _! %\ld]s & h9d-qu>t]s 9 l>ge quantities2 ! h]ds mu* small]1 & g5]ally compos$ ( c[s & calves4 ,! heavy coat ( wool ) :i* ! musk-ox5 are provid$1 is a p]fect protection aga9/ any temp]ature4 ,x consi/s ( a long f9e black hair1 & 9 "s cases :ite 7= x is n asc]ta9$ t ^! ox5 *ange _! col\r dur+ ! w9t]71 ) a beautiful f9e wool or fur und]nea?1 s(t] & ri*] ?an ! f9e/ alpaca wool1 z well z mu* long] 9 ! /aple4 ,?is mantle app>5tly t\*es ! gr\nd2 & ! little creature looks1 x is said1 l a bale ( black wool1 m\nt$ on f\r %ort n]v\s goat-l legs1 ) two v bright eyes1 & a pair ( %>p 8wick$-%ap$0 horns pe]+ out ( "o end ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,musk-,,ox4 ,!y seem to be ( v unc]ta9 temp]1 sometimes /&+ /upidly gl>+ at _! assailants1 :ett+ _! horns aga9/ _! =e legs2 at o!r times1 !y w ru% furi\sly aga9/ _! hunt]s4 ,capta9 ,me*am discov]$ v great numb]s ( musk-ox5 ne> ! head ( ,h>dy ,bay1 ,melville ,isl&4 ,on "o pla9 he obs]v$ z _m z sev5ty graz+ )9 a circuit ( two miles2 on 8 approa*1 !y divid$ into h]ds ( ab\t fifte5 ea*1 head$ by two or ?ree enorm\s bulls4 ,_! manuvres1 he says1 7 s quick & regul> t !y might be m fitt+ly comp>$ to squadrons ( cavalry ?an any?+ else he c\ld ?9k (4 ,"o h]d mov$ =w>d at a gallop1 sev]al times )9 rifle-%ot1 & =m$ 9 p]fect l9e ) bulls 9 ! van1 pres5t+ a =midable array ( horns4 ,! la/ "t !y advanc$ at a gallop until )9 ab\t sixty y>ds1 :5 !y =m$ 9 l9e1 ! bulls snort+ wildly1 & te>+ up ! sn[4 ,b z soon z ,capta9 ,me*am fir$ !y :eel$ r\nd promptly1 rejo9$ ! ma9 body1 & made (f out ( sight1 only wait+ occasionally = ! w\nd$ animal4 ,! foll[+ graphic acc\nt ( an enc\nt] ) a musk-ox is giv5 by ,capta9 ,m',cl9tock3-- 8,we saw & %ot two v l>ge bulls--a well-tim$ supply1 z ! la/ ( ! v5ison 0 us$ up2 we f\nd !m to be 9 bett] condition ?an any we _h ev] se54 ,i %all nev] =get ! dea?-/ruggle ( "o ( ^! noble bulls2 a ,spani% bull-fight gives no idea ( x1 & ev5 ! slaught] ( ! be> is tame 9 comp>ison4 ,?is animal 0 %ot ?r\gh ! lungs1 & blood gu%$ f 8 no/rils ^u ! sn[4 ,z x /ood fi]cely wat*+ u1 prep>$ yet unable to *>ge1 its small b fix$ gl>+ eyes 7 almo/ conceal$ by masses ( %aggy hair1 & its :ole frame 0 fe>fully convuls$ ) agony2 ! tremul\s motion 0 communicat$ to its enorm\s cov]+ ( tangl$ wool & hair2 ev5 ! co>se ?ick mane seem$ to rise indignant1 & sl[ly wav$ f side to side4 ,x seem$ z if ! v fury ( its passion 0 p5t up )9 x = "o f9al & rev5geful *>ge4 ,!re 0 no ro>+2 ! maje/ic bea/ 0 dumb2 b ! wild gleam ( savage fire :i* %ot f 8 eyes1 & 8 m5ac+ attitude1 7 f> m t]rible ?an ! mo/ hide\s bell[4 ,we wat*$ 9 sil5ce1 = "t 0 do+ our "w1 nor did we v5ture to l[] our guns until1 8 /r5g? becom+ exhau/$1 he reel$ & fell4 8,i h nev] witness$ su* an int5sity ( rage1 nor imag9$ = "o mom5t t su* an app>5tly /upid brute1 "u any circum/ances ( pa9 & passion1 c\ld h pres5t$ su* a truly appall+ spectacle4 ,x is almo/ impossible to conceive a m t]rific sight ?an t :i* 0 pres5t$ to u 9 ! dy+ mom5ts ( ?is mat*less d5iz5 ( ! nor!rn wilds40 99 99 99 99 99 ,x seems d\btful :e!r ! wolf1 :i* is naturally a mo/ c[>dly creature1 c act on ! (f5sive aga9/ ! musk-ox2 & mo/ ,arctic navigators seem ( op9ion t x attacks only lame or sickly cattle4 ,! activity ( ^! ox51 &-_! goat-l p[] ( climb+1 is v rem>kable1 & mu* at v>iance ) _! clumsy appe>ance4 ,!y h be5 se5 mak+ _! way1 :5 fright5$1 up ! face ( a cliff :i* defi$ all human ef=ts1 & go+ d[n ! precipit\s sides ( rav9es by alt]nately slid+ ^u _! hams1 or pit*+ & arre/+ _! d[nw>d c\rse1 z ,%]>d ,osborn rem>ks1 by ! use ( ! magnific5t %ield ( horn :i* spreads across _! =eheads1 9 a mann] to excite ! livelie/ a/oni%m5t ( ! spectator4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,arctic ,fox 7,canis lagopus7 _c comp>e ) ei!r ( ! prec$+ animals 9 importance or int]e/1 yet x figures v l>gely 9 ! j\rnals ( our ,arctic explor]s4 ,x is small] ?an ! common ,european fox2 has a %>p nose1 & %ort r\nd$ e>s1 almo/ conceal$ 9 its fur2 ! legs are %ort1 & ! toes cov]$ bo? above & bel[ ) a ?ick s(t fur2 ! tail is %ort] ?an t ( ! common fox1 b m bu%y4 ,its range is v ext5sive1 = x is f\nd 9 ! l&s bord]+ on ! ,pol> ,sea 9 bo? cont95ts4 ,z w9t] approa*es1 its coat ( hair gr[s ?ick & ragg$2 until at l5g? x becomes z :ite z sn[--! *ange ( col\r tak+ place la/ on ! ridge ( ! back & ! tip ( ! tail4 ,its food consi/s ( v>i\s small quadrup$s1--su* z ! ,arctic h>e & ! lemm+1--on all k9ds ( wat]-f[l & _! eggs1 on ! c>casses ( fi%1 %ell-fi%1 & ! refuse ( ! "y seals kill$ & dev\r$ by ! ,pol> be>4 ,9 ! track ( ! latt] x seems to hunt sy/ematically4 ,x swims ) dext]ity1 & w cross f isl& to isl& 9 se>* ( prey4 ,its fur is light & w>m1 ?\gh n v durable1 & = ! sake ( ?is fur x is pursu$ bo? 9 ,arctic ,asia1 ,gre5l&1 & ,hudson ,bay4 ,x is a w>y animal1 h[ev]1 & n easily caught4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arctic ,,foxes4 ,dr4 ,hayes af=ds u an illu/ration ( ?is /atem5t4 ,z he & a foll[]1 nam$ ,bonsall1 on "o occasion 7 explor+ 9 ,nor?umb]l& ,isl&1 !y discov]$ a fox scamp]+ away ov] ! pla94 ,bonsall gave *ase1 b c\ld n arrive )9 %oot+ di/ance4 ,ano!r 0 !n he>d b>k+ ov]head at !m4 ,dr4 ,hayes seiz$ 8 gun1 & climb+ ov] "s huge b\ld]s :i* fill$ ! bottom ( ! gorge1 endeav\r$1 by crawl+ beh9d a rock1 to ov]take or approa* ! animal2 b x seem$ to be aw>e ( 8 int5tions1 & scamp]+ away1 l$ him a wild *ase across ! pla94 ,! a/ute ,reyn>d fir/ made (f1 s t 8 assailant 8c\ld n cov] him ^u ! cliff20 & :5 out ( dang]1 p]*$ ^u a /one1 & b>k$ at him 9 ! mo/ tantaliz+ mann]4 ,! doctor approa*$ )9 long range4 ,imm$iately1 z he 0 ab\t to br+ 8 gun to 8 %\ld]1 x dropp$ beh9d ! /one & fl$ to ano!r1 :]e x set up ! same rapid *att]1--a %rill 8,huk6 huk6 huk60 s\nd+ l a mixture ( ang] & defiance4 ,aga9 ,dr4 ,hayes tri$ to approa* x1 b ) no bett] success2 r\nd & r\nd x ran1 until at l5g?1 we>y ( foll[+ x1 ,dr4 ,hayes fir$4 ,"s ( ! %ot probably t\*$ x1 = x scream$ l\dly2 b x fl$ ) rem>kable rapidity1 & f9ally baffl$ its pursu]4 ,z ! fle% ( ! fox is by no means to be despis$1 &1 inde$1 ranks z a da9ty 9 ! bill ( f>e ( an ,arctic navigator1 a hot pursuit ( x is (t5 ma9ta9$1 & traps are con/ruct$ to ensure its capture4 ,^! are usually built on mu* ! same pr9ciple z a rabbit-trap4 ,select+ a smoo? level rock1 ! trapp]s arrange "s flat /ones ( ab\t six in*es ?ick1 s z to enclose on ?ree sides an area ( six in*es by two feet & a half4 ,ov] ?is enclosure o!r flat /ones are laid2 & betwe5 ! two us$ to close up "o ( ! ends a peg is ins]t$1 s z to project ab\t an in* )9 ! trap4 ,to ?is peg1 by means ( a loop1 is loosely hung a small piece ( meat2 & to ! same peg1 outside1 is atta*$ ano!r loop made at ! end ( a cord1 ! cord be+ c>ri$ up ?r\gh ! re> ( ! trap1 & ov] ! top to ! front1 :]e x is fa/5$ r\nd a ?9 flat flag ( slate1 :i* moves freely up & d[n1 be+ guid$ & held by a c\ple ( l>ge blocks plac$ "o on ei!r side ( ! entrance4 ,! way 9 :i* ?is ma*9]y works is v simple3-- ,! fox ent]s "u ! slide or trap-door1 advances to ! re>1 seizes ! bait1 & attempts to back out4 ,! bait1 ( c\rse1 is pull$ f ! peg1 & ) x ! loop support+ ! door comes (f4 ,z soon z its support is remov$ d[n comes ! door1 & ,ma/] ,reyn>d is entrapp$4 ,ev]y?+ n[ dep5ds on ! mann] 9 :i* ! cracks h be5 clos$ up2 = if ! animal c ?ru/ its little nose betwe5 a c\ple ( /ones1 x w assur$ly effect its escape4 ,nor is x less important t ! enclosure %\ld n be suffici5tly l>ge to enable ! fox to turn r\nd2 = 9 t case x g5]ally contrives to loos5 ! door1 & dep>t 9 inf9ite glee4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,fox ,,trap4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,arctic fox is describ$ by ,dr4 ,hayes z ! prettie/ & mo/ provok+ ( liv+ creatures4 ,"o :i* he unsuccessfully *as$ = fully ?ree h\rs 0 ab\t ! size ( a dome/ic cat1 r\nd & plump1 :ite z ! sn[1 ) a long po9t$ nose1 & a trail+ bu%y tail1 :i* seem$ to be its p>ticul> pride4 ,x 0 q evid5t t x enjoy$ ! p]plexities ( its hunt]s1 z x leap$ f rock to rock1 or circl$ r\nd & ab\t !m1 & %[$ ! utmo/ indiff]5ce to ! mis]ies ( _! fami%$ condition4 ,x roll$ & toss$ ab\t among ! loose drift1 n[ spr++ into ! air1 n[ b\nd+ away1 n[ /opp+ %ort1 & n[ cock+ its head to "o side & elevat+ "o foot1 z if li/5+1 seem+ all ! "t to be int5t on exhibit+ its 8po9ts0 to its enemies1 = :om x did n c>e ! value ( ! m9ute/ "p ( its v pretty tail4 ,we>y & exhau/$1 ,dr4 ,hayes ab&on$ ! pursuit1 & return$ to 8 camp1 foll[$ by ! fox1 ?\gh always at a safe di/ance2 & :5 !y la/ caught sight ( x1 z !y look$ back f ! rocks above ! hut1 x 0 m\nt$ on an elevation1 utt]+ its %rill %>p cry1 9 app>5t mock]y ( _! defeat4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ! suppos$ relations betwe5 ! be> & ! fox1 ,dr4 ,kane rem>ks t he once ?\ght 8 obs]vations _h confirm$ !m4 ,x is c]ta9 t !y are frequ5tly f\nd toge!r2 ! be> /rid+ on ahead ) 8 prey1 ! fox beh9d ga!r+ 9 ! crumbs z !y fall2 & ,dr4 ,kane (t5 saw ! p>asite lick+ at ! traces ( a w\nd$ seal :i* 8 *ampion _h borne (f ov] ! sn[4 ,! /ory is t ! two hunt 9 c\ples4 ,?is may well be d\bt$1 ?\gh x is cle> t ! inf]ior animal rejoices 9 8 association ) ! sup]ior1 at lea/ = ! pr(its1 if n ! sympa?y x br+s to him4 8,i once w\nd$ a be>10 says ,dr4 ,kane1 8:5 ,i 0 out ) ,morton1 & foll[$ him = twelve miles ov] ! ice4 ,a mis]able little fox travell$ close beh9d 8 patron1 & lick$ up ! blood :]ev] he lay d[n4 ,! be> at la/ made ! wat]2 & z we return$ f our fruitless *ase1 we saw ! fox runn+ at full spe$ along ! edge ( ! ?9 ice z if to rejo9 him40 99 99 99 99 99 ,a welcome addition to ! meagre f>e ( ! ,arctic navigator is furni%$ by ! ,arctic ,h>e 7,lepus glacialis71 :i*1 l ! re9de]1 collects 9 h]ds or troops z w9t] approa*es4 ,z _m z two hundr$ h be5 se5 at a "t2 & at "o ( _! fav\rite haunts--,cape ,dundas1 ,melville ,isl&--might be se5 a complete highway1 ?ree y>ds broad1 :i* ! tread ( _! numb]s _h beat5 ?r\gh ! sn[4 ,9 w9t] !y seek _! food & burr[ = protection "u ! sn[-cru/4 ,capta9 ,m',cl9tock /ates t !y are ubiquit\s 9 ! ,pol> ,regions1 b t1 ( c\rse1 !y are mo/ num]\s :]e ! pa/ure is mo/ abundant1 z on ,banks ,l& & ,melville ,isl&4 ,! sportsm5 ( ! two discov]y %ips1 ,resolute & ,intrepid1 %ot "o hundr$ & sixty-"o h>es 9 a twelvemon? on ,melville ,isl&2 _! av]age weight1 :5 fit = ! table1 0 sev5 p\nds1 & f t5 to twelve p\nds includ+ sk9 & (fal4 ,9 ! w>m brief summ] ! h>e takes refuge f ! pursuit ( bea/s ( prey "u l>ge b\ld]s1 or 9 ! /eep face ( rocky rav9es4 ,x is !n f\nd 9 gr\ps ( f twelve to tw5ty4 ,s delicate is _! sk91 t ?\gh ! w9t] fur is ( exce$+ beauty & brilliant :it5ess1 x _c be appli$ to any purpose ( utility4 ,!y d n hib]nate2 & our explor]s g5]ally f\nd !m among/ ! heavy hummocks ( ! floe-ice1 z if !y fl$ to t rugg$ gr\nd f ! wolves or foxes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! range ( ! ,alta1 & ext5d+ ev5 into ,kamts*atka1 we meet ) ! ,alp9e ,h>e 7,lagomys ,alp9us72 a small rod5t1 sc>cely exce$+ a gu9ea-pig 9 size1 & measur+ 9 l5g? n9e in*es only3 x has a long head1 ) %ort1 broad1 & r\nd$ e>s4 ,its fav\rite places ( soj\rn are among ! rocks & cat>acts ( wild wood$ regions1 :]e x =ms burr[s b5ea? ! rocks1 or inhabits _! fissures4 ,:5 ! sky is bright1 & ! sun%9e g5ial1 !y seldom leave _! holes 9 ! daytime2 b 9 dull wea!r !y may be se5 b\nd+ among ! rocks1 & mak+ ! e*oes res\nd ) _! l[ :i/le or bird-l *irp4 ,9 ! autumn !y make ready aga9/ w9t] ne$ by collect+ a l>ge assortm5t ( ! mo/ nutriti\s h]bs & grasses1 :i*1 aft] dry+ 9 ! sun1 !y arrange 9 heaps ( v>i\s sizes1 accord+ to ! numb] ( animals engag$ 9 ! task2 & z ^! heaps are (t5 sev]al feet 9 height & bread?1 !y may be easily di/+ui%$ ev5 ?r\gh ! deep sn[1 & frequ5tly prove ( great s]vice to ! ,sib]ian sable-hunt]s1 ^: horses w\ld p]i% b = ! supplies ?us /rangely af=d$4 ,h5ce1 :]ev] a ,sib]ian or a ,t>t> tribe is f\nd1 ! ,alp9e h>e possesses a di/9ctive "n1--&1 not)/&+ its dim9utiv5ess1 is highly valu$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r rod5t :i* des]ves to be rememb]$ 9 ^! pages1 is ! ,arctic or ,hudson ,bay ,lemm+ 7,myodus lemmus71 :i* is f\nd 9 ,labrador1 & on all ! ,am]ican ma9l& wa%$ by ! cold wat]s ( ! ,arctic ,ocean4 ,x has be5 describ$ z 8a p]fect diamond edition ( ! gu9ea-pig40 ,9 habits x resembles ! h>e v closely1 except t x is m greg>i\s1 & is g5]ally f\nd 9 l>ge families4 ,9 summ] x is ( an a%y col\r1 ) a tawny t+e on ! back1 a dusky /reak along its middle1 & a pale /ripe on ei!r side4 ,x has ! repute ( be+ exce$+ly in(f5sive2 & is tam$ s easily t1 :5 caught1 x becomes reconcil$ to its captivity 9 a day or two1 & w soon %[ itself s5sible ( its ma/]'s c>esses4 ,9 w9t] x is p]fectly :ite1--:ite z sn[1 f :i* x c be di/+ui%$ only by ! ke5 sc5t ( ! fox or ! ,eskimo dog4 ,ab\t ! end ( ,may1 or e>ly 9 ,june1 x leaves ! l& & seeks ! float+ ice2 = :at purpose does n seem z yet to be accurately asc]ta9$4 ,is x due to an in/9ct ( migration1 su* z ! ,norwegian lemm+ s p[]fully exhibits8 ,x may be t ! ?aws =ce !m f ! l&1 or t1 z ! seam5 say1 8,!m bless$ little lemm+s mu/ be art] salt60 ,!y h (t5 be5 f\nd /e]+ (f %ore f ! nor? coa/ ( ,melville ,isl&1 leav+ comp>ative pl5ty 9 _! re>2 &1 s f> z c\ld be made out1 on a cle> day1 f l& ( consid]able height1 !re 0 no?+ 9 ! %ape ( t]ra firma 9 ! direction !y 7 tak+4 ,:5 ?us expos$ ^u ! op5 floe1 owls1 gulls1 & foxes pick !m up = food4 ,c x be t ,provid5ce occasions1 or has orda9$ ?is exodus = ! purpose ( fe$+ ^! creatures1 & ( ?9n+ d[n ! numb]s ( an animal :i* w\ld o!rwise multiply exce$+ly1 & dev\r all ! vegetation ( a naturally b>r5 region8 ,f an ,arctic j\rnal x w\ld appe> t ! lemm+s are prey$ ^u by ! ,pol> be>4 ,we transcribe a graphic passage 9 fur!r illu/ration ( ! habits ( t rem>kable c>nivore3-- 8,see+ "s drift-wood ly+ ab\t10 says a gallant navigator1 8:i* x 0 important %\ld be exam9$1 ,i halt$ & encamp$1 disp]s+ ! m5 along ! bea* to br+ all 9 !y c\ld f9d4 ,walk+ l&w>d to obta9 a view f a hill1 ,i 0 />tl$ to see a %e-be> & two cubs "s di/ance inl&4 ,wat*+ !m c>efully1 ,i 0 n a little int]e/$ to see ! "m apply+ h] gigantic muscul> p[] to turn+ ov] ! l>ge blocks ( s&/one :i* /rew$ ! pla91 & "u :i* ! unlucky lemm+s at ?is season take %elt]4 ,directly ! %e-be> lift$ ! /ones1 :i* %e did by sitt+ ^u h] hams & pull+ !m t[>ds h] ) h] =e paws1 ! cubs ru%$ 9 & seiz$ _! prey1 toss+ !m up 9 ! air 9 _! wantonness4 ,aft] repeat+ ?is op]ation until ! "y fry mu/ h made a v good meal1 ,i 0 glad to witness ! be>'s mode ( suckl+ h] "y--a sight1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 r>ely se54 ,seat$ on h] haun*es1 ) ! backbone ar*$1 s z to br+ ! brea/s 7:i* 7 situat$ betwe5 ! %\ld]s7 z l[ z possible1 ! y\ng/]s suck$ away 9 a /&+ attitude4 ,anxi\s to secure ?is family-p>ty1 we proce$$ to burn all sorts ( /rong-smell+ articles2 & at la/ %e br\ght h] babes d[n1 ?\gh v w>ily1 & :5 m ?an "o hundr$ y>ds (f turn$ away1 evid5tly suspici\s40 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! sub-,arctic regions are f\nd "s ( ^? animals :i* furni% comm]ce ) ! co/lie/ furs4 ,!y all belong1 h[ev]1 to ! family ,mu/elid1 repres5t$ 9 temp]ate climes by ! common weasel 7,mu/eles74 ,! m>t5 ( ,nor? ,am]ica is1 9 fact1 ! c\s9-g]man ( ! weasel1 & n less f]oci\s 9 its habits4 ,9 ! =e/s ( fir & bir* :i* x loves to frequ5t1 x preys ^u ! small rod5ts1 ! birds1 &1 if its appetite is v ke51 ^u ! reptiles4 ,x scales trees z nimbly z ! cat2 & its flexible body enables x to ins9uate itself into ! smalle/ op5+s1 :]e a cat c\ld n pass1 & into ! burr[s & holl[s ( ! trees or rocks 9 :i* its victims seek %elt]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a pretty animal1 ) vivaci\s ways1 an a/ute physiognomy1 & a ri* coat ( fur4 ,9 ! wood$ zone :i* bord]s on ! des]t region ( ! ,pol> ,_w are f\nd bo? ! ,p9e ,m>t5 7,mu/ela m>tes7 & ,p5nant's ,m>t5 7,mu/ela ,canad5sis74 ,! fur ( ! =m] is ( a v sup]ior quality1 & its sk9 =ms a great article ( comm]ce4 ,x burr[s 9 ! gr\nd1 & fe$s ^u mice1 rabbits1 & p>tridges4 ,! ,canadian m>t5 is l>g] ?an ! prec$+2 long] & /rong]4 ,x lives 9 ! woods1 pref]r+ damp places to dry2 & climbs ) a rem>kable am\nt ( ease & dext]ity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,sable 7,mu/ela zibell9a7 is mu* m highly e/eem$ = its fur ?an any o!r ( ! weasel tribe4 ,x has long :isk]s1 r\nd$ e>s1 l>ge feet 7! soles ( :i* are cov]$ ) fur71 :ite claws1 & a long bu%y tail4 ,! g5]al col\r ( ! fur is br[n1 m or less brilliant1 b ! l[] p>ts ( ! ?roat & neck are grayi%4 ,a vivaci\s & nimble animal is ! sable1 :i* dwells 9 ! remote/ recesses ( ! =e/s1 b5ea? ! roots ( trees1 & 9 holes ( ! e>?1 & p5etrates to ! v bord]s ( ! realm ( p]petual sn[4 ,prodigi\s numb]s are kill$ 9 ,sib]ia1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y4 ,! hunt]s assemble 9 l>ge companies1 & make _! way d[n ! great riv]s 9 boats1 c>ry+ suffici5t supplies ( provisions = a ?ree mon?s' abs5ce4 ,on rea*+ ! appo9t$ place ( r5dezv\s1 ! diff]5t companies1 ea* "u ! direction ( a lead]1 fix ^u _! respective qu>t]s1 erect huts ( trees1 & build up ! sn[ ar\nd !m4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ^! !y lay _! sn>es2 & !n1 advanc+ ano!r mile or s1 !y set a fur!r quantity2 & ?us !y proce$1 until !y h cov]$ a consid]able area ( gr\nd2 build+ huts 9 ea* locality1 & return+ 9 due ord] to ea* set ( sn>es to collect _! prey4 ,^! sn>es are ( ! simple/ con/ruction2 no?+ m ?an small pits or cavities1 loosely cov]$ ) r\gh planks or bran*es ( trees1 & bait$ ) fi% or fle%4 ,:5 ! game gr[s sc>ce1 ! trapp]s foll[ ! sable to _! retreats by track+ _! footpr9ts ov] ! fre%-fall5 sn[2 place nets at _! entrances2 & quietly wait1 if x be = two or ?ree days1 until ! animals make _! appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,erm9e ,,& ,,sable ,,m>t54 ,! fur ( ! sable is di/+ui%$ f all o!r furs by ?is s+ul> prop]ty3 ! hair has no p>ticul> incl9ation1 b may be laid d[n indiff]5tly 9 any direction :atev]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! g5us ,polecat 7,mu/ela put>ius7 compreh5ds ! smalle/ ( all kn[n c>nivores1--namely1 ! weasel1 ! f]ret1 & ! erm9e4 ,! temp]ate c\ntries ( ,europe possess a v>iety ( ! latt] species2 b ! erm9es ( ! remote ,nor? yield ! fulle/ & s(te/ fur4 ,^! animals1 l _m o!rs 9 high latitudes1 *ange ! col\r ( _! coat accord+ to ! season4 ,!y h be5 adopt$ by poets1 on acc\nt ( ! spotless :it5ess ( _! fur1 z emblematic ( purity2 b1 9 tru?1 !y m]it t hon\r only 9 ! w9t]3 9 ! summ] _! col\r is a cle> m>oon4 ,! tail1 at all times1 is ( a beautiful brilliant black4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,glutton1 ,,or ,,wolv]9e4 ,ano!r c>nivor\s quadrup$ :i* haunts ! nor!rn =e/s is ! ,glutton 7,gulo ,arcticus71 or ,wolv]9e2 x owes its =m] & m popul> "n to its extreme voracity4 ,b x is at lea/ z rem>kable = its /r5g? & fi]c5ess1 inasmu* z x does n fe> to dispute _! prey ) ! wolf & be>2 & = its cunn+1 s9ce x baffles aga9 & aga9 ! mo/ c>efully devis$ /ratagems ( ! hunt]4 ,x is a sl[ & some:at unwieldy animal2 b x is det]m9$ & p]sev]+1 & w proce$ at a /eady pace = miles 9 se>* ( prey1 /eal+ unaw>es ^u h>es1 m>mots1 & birds2 & surpris+ ev5 ! l>g] quadrup$s1 su* z ! elk & ! re9de]1 :5 asleep4 ,! /ories told ( ?is rem>kable animal's %rewdness1 :i* f> exce$s t commonly attribut$ to ! fox1 w\ld seem incr$ible1 7 !y n confirm$ by good au?ority4 ,x is 9 allusion to its extraord9>y cunn+ t ! ,indians call x ,kekwah>kess1 or ! 8,evil ,"o40 ,) an en]gy t nev] flags x hunts day & night = ! trail ( m51 :i*1 :5 f\nd1 x foll[s up un]r+ly4 ,on com+ to a lake1 :]e ! track is g5]ally drift$ ov]1 x cont9ues its /eady gallop r\nd ! %ores1 to discov] ! po9t at :i* ! track re-ent]s ! woods1 :5 x aga9 pursues x until x arrives at "o ( ! wood5 traps set = ! m>t5 or ! m9k1 ! erm9e or ! musk-rat4 ,cauti\sly avoid+ ! door1 x effects viol5t entrance at ! back1 & seizes ! bait ) impunity2 or1 if ! trap conta9s an animal1 drags x out1 &1 ) wanton malevol5ce1 mauls x1 & hides x at "s di/ance 9 ! und]wood or at ! top ( "s l(ty p9e4 ,if h>d press$ by hung]1 x dev\rs ! victim4 ,& 9 ?is mann] x demoli%es ! :ole s]ies ( traps2 s t :5 once a wolv]9e has e/abli%$ itself on a trapp+-walk1 ! hunt]'s only *ance ( success is to *ange 8 gr\nd1 & build a fre% lot ( traps1 9 ! hope ( secur+ a few furs be=e ! new pa? is discov]$ by 8 indu/ri\s enemy4 ,"s int]e/+ p>ticul>s ( ! habits & ways ( ! glutton are record$ by ,"l ,milton & ,dr4 ,*eadle 9 _! lively n>rative ( an exp$ition f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific 78,! ,nor?-,we/ ,passage by ,l&074 ,!y tell u t x is nev] caught 9 ! ord9>y pit-fall4 ,occasionally "o is poison$1 or caught 9 a /eel trap2 b s great is ! creature's /r5g?1 t _m traps /rong en\gh to hold securely a l>ge wolf w n reta9 ! wolv]9e4 ,:5 caught 9 ?is way1 x does n1 l ! fox & ! m9k1 proce$ to amputate ! limb1 b1 assi/+ to c>ry ! trap ) its m\?1 ha/5s to rea* a lake or riv]1 :]e its progress w be unimp$$ by trees or fall5 wood4 ,aft] travell+ to a suffici5t di/ance to be safe f pursuit = a "t1 x sets to "w to extricate its imprison$ limb1 & v frequ5tly succe$s 9 ! attempt4 ,occasionally ! glutton is kill$ by a gun plac$ s z to be> on a bait1 to :i* is atta*$ a /r+ communicat+ ) ! trigg]4 ,b a trapp] assur$ ,"l ,milton & 8 companion1 t v (t5 ! animal _h prov$ too cunn+ = him1 fir/ approa*+ ! gun & gnaw+ 9 two ! cord communicat+ ) ! trigg]1 & !n securely dev\r+ ! bait4 ,9 "o in/ance1 :5 all ! trapp]'s devices to beguile 8 enemy _h be5 se5 ?r\gh1 & cle>ly foil$1 he adopt$ ! plan ( plac+ ! gun 9 a tree1 ) ! muzzle po9t+ v]tically d[nw>ds ^u ! bait4 ,?is 0 susp5d$ f a bran*1 at su* a height t ! animal c\ld n secure x )\t jump+2 &1 moreov]1 x 0 completely scre5$ by ! b\ghs4 ,n[1 ! wolv]9e's curiosity almo/ equals its voracity4 ,x %[s a disposition to inve/igate ev]y?+2 an old moccas9 flung aside 9 ! bu%es1 or a knife lo/ 9 ! sn[1 mu/ be f]ret$ out & exam9$1 & any object susp5d$ almo/ out ( rea* g5]ally proves irresi/ible z a temptation4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 h[ev]1 ! caution ( ! glutton exce$$ its curiosity & re/ra9$ its hung]2 x climb$ ! tree1 cut ! fa/5+s ( ! gun1 :i* !n tumbl$ to ! gr\nd1 &1 desc5d+1 x secur$ ! bait ) impunity4 ,"l ,milton's p>ty 7 p]sonal suff]]s by1 & witnesses to1 ! animal's cunn+4 ,"o day1 :5 sett+ out to visit _! traps1 !y obs]v$ ! footpr9ts ( a v l>ge wolv]9e :i* _h foll[$ _! trail1 & ,la ,ronde1 _! trapp]1 at once exclaim$1 8,c'e/ f9i1 monsieur2 il a cass t\tes ntres trappes1 v\s allez voir20 & s x prov$4 ,z !y came to ea* 9 succession1 !y f\nd x brok5 op5 at ! back1 & ! bait tak52 &1 :]e an animal _h be5 caught1 x 0 c>ri$ (f4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole l9e e "o _h be5 demoli%$2 & ! tails 7 discov]$ ( no few] ?an t5 m>t5s1 ! bodies ( :i* _h app>5tly be5 dev\r$ by ! hungry & a/ute wolv]9e4 ,) "o m illu/ration we mu/ be cont5t1 & turn to ano!r bran* ( our subject1 ?\gh we d n suppose t our read]s w we>y ( ! relation ( facts :i* ?r[ s vivid a light on ! intellig5ce1 z di/9ct f1 & sup]ior to1 ! in/9ct ( animals4 ,&1 c]ta9ly1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! glutton foils ! +5i\s /ratagems ( ! trapp]s mu/ be ascrib$ to intellig5ce r ?an to in/9ct4 ,9 ! foll[+ anecdote we ?9k x is pla9ly %[n t ! latt] c\ld n h suffic$ to gu>d ! animal aga9/ ! ma*9ations ( its p]sev]+ foes4 ,dr4 ,*eadle1 accompani$ by an ,indian boy1 nam$ ,misquapasnayoo1 />t$ (f = ! woods1 b5t ^u prov+ 8 sup]ior acut5ess to ! wolv]9e4 ,!y f\nd t ! latt] _h r5ew$ 8 visits along ! l9e ( traps1 & brok5 all :i* _h be5 recon/ruct$1 dev\r+ ! animals f\nd 9 !m4 ,dr4 ,*eadle !reupon adopt$ a device :i* c\ld n fail1 he ?\ght1 to cat* 8 enemy 9 8 own toils4 ,all ! brok5 traps 7 repair$ & set aga91 & poison$ baits sub/itut$ = ! ord9>y ones 9 ! traps2 n 9 e in/ance1 b "h & !re along ! l9e4 ,! =e/ 0 "h ( great ext5t1 & seem$ to /ret* away to ! froz5 ,nor? )\t let or h9drance1 ! mass ( timb] be+ brok5 only by num]\s lakes & swamps1 or cle>ances :i* _h be5 caus$ by conflagrations4 ,! travell] always seeks ! lakes2 n only because !y enable him to travel m rapidly1 & p5etrate fur!r into ! less hunt$ regions1 b also because ! edges ( ! lakes1 & ! portages betwe5 !m1 are fav\rite haunts ( ! fox1 ! fi%]1 & ! m9k4 ,on "o ( ^! lakes a curi\s circum/ance 0 not$4 ,! lake 0 ab\t half a mile 9 l5g?1 & ( ne>ly equal bread?1 b ( no great dep?4 ,! wat] _h seem+ly froz5 to ! bottom1 except at "o end1 :]e a spr+ bubbl$ up1 & a hole ( ab\t a y>d 9 diamet] exi/$ 9 ! ice-cru/1 :i* 0 !re only a few in*es ?ick4 ,9 ?is hole ! wat] 0 cr[d$ ) myriads ( small fi%1 mo/ ( !m n mu* l>g] ?an a man's f+]1 & s closely pack$ t !y c\ld n move freely4 ,on ?ru/+ 9 an arm1 x seem$ l plung+ x into 8a mass ( ?ick /ir-ab\t40 ,all ar\nd ! sn[ _h be5 trodd5 d[n h>d & level by ! feet ( ! num]\s animals attract$ to ?is ,l5t5 banquet2 & tracks conv]g$ to x f e side4 ,! footpr9ts c\ld be recogniz$ ( ! cross or silv] fox1 delicately impress$ 9 ! sn[ z he trott$ da9tily along ) light & airy tread2 ! r\gh m>ks ( ! clumsi] fi%]2 ! cle> & %>ply-def9$ track ( ! nimble m9k2 & ! great cross trail ( ! ubiquit\s glutton4 ,on ! trees ar\nd scores ( cr[s 7 sleepily dige/+ _! abundant meals4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,*eadle & 8 companion turn$ homew>ds1 !y f\nd t _! enemy _h be5 9 active pursuit4 ,along ! gr\nd !y _h trav]s$ on ! previ\s day1 e trap 0 already demoli%$1 & all ! baits 7 ab/ract$4 ,dr4 ,*eadle at fir/ imag9$ t he _h at la/ outwitt$ & de/roy$ 8 enemy2 b ! ,indian's ke5] eyes discov]$ ea* ( ! baits :i* _h be5 poison$1 ly+ close at h&1 bitt5 9 two & reject$1 :ile all ! o!rs _h disappe>$4 ,! baits1 nev]!less1 _h be5 v c>efully prep>$2 ! /ry*n9e be+ ins]t$ into ! c5tre ( ! meat by a small hole1 & :5 froz5 x 0 impossible to di/+ui% !m f ! h>mless ones by any peculi>ity ( appe>ance4 ,x seem$ z if ! animal suspect$ poison1 & bit 9 two & ta/$ e morsel be=e swall[+ x4 ,! baits _h purposely be5 made v small1 s t 9 ! ord9>y c\rse !y w\ld h be5 swall[$ :ole4 ,t ! same wolv]9e _h foll[$ up _! pa? f ! fir/1 !y knew p]fectly well1 because x 0 "o ( unusually l>ge size1 z %[n by its tracks1 :i* 7 readily di/+ui%$ f ^? ( small] animals4 ,! di/ribution ( ,birds 9 ! ,pol> ,regions1 is a subject on :i* x seems desirable to (f] a few rem>ks1 s t our read]s may be able to =m an accurate conception ( ! "* & v>iety ( ! animal life peculi> to !m4 ,( ! birds ( ,gre5l& & ,icel&1 x may be affirm$ t fully ?ree-f\r?s ( ! species1 & a /ill l>g] proportion ( individuals1 are m or less aquatic1 & _m ( ! rema9d] are only summ] visitors4 ,! l>ge/ bird t v5tures f> nor? is ! ,aquila albicilla1 or fi%+-eagle1 :i* builds its eyrie on ! l(tie/ crags ( ! ocean-cliffs1 & fe$s on salmon & tr\t4 ,! ,falco ,isl&icus1 or gyrfalcon1 ?\gh a native ( ,icel&1 is n[ v r>ely met )4 ,! sn[y owl inhabits ! glaci]s :i* fill ! deep inl& valleys ( ,gre5l&1 & its range ext5ds z f> s\?w>ds z ! ,orkneys4 ,p>ticul> k9ds ( gr\se are conf9$ to ! high latitudes2 & m p>ticul>ly ! pt>migan1 or :ite gr\se1 :i* supplies a welcome addition to ! scanty bill ( f>e ( ! ,arctic navigators4 ,x is f\nd1 ev5 9 ! dep?s ( w9t]1 on ,melville ,isl&2 burr[+ "u ! sn[1 p]haps1 = w>m?1 protection1 & food4 ,b x appe>s to be mo/ num]\s 9 ,april1 :5 x is f\nd 9 pairs2 9 ,septemb] x collects 9 coveys1 sometimes ( z _m z fifte5 or tw5ty birds1 prep>atory to _! s\!rn migration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pt>migan4 ,( ! ,corvid1 ! only species :i* v5tures beyond ! ,arctic ,circle is ! ,roy/on cr[1 & t only 9 summ]4 ,! rav51 h[ev]1 is f\nd 9 all ! wide ,pol> realm1 & is l>g]1 /rong]1 & m voraci\s 9 ! ,arctic ,isl&s ?an else:]e4 ,x drives ! eid]-ducks f _! ne/s 9 ord] to prey on _! "y or fea/ on _! eggs1 & x unites 9 flocks to expel intrud+ birds f _! abode4 ,! ,grallatores are m num]\s ?an l&-birds 9 ! ,arctic ,_w4 ,! snipe & ! gold5 plov] are only visitors2 b ! oy/]-cat*] is a d5iz5 ( ,icel&1 :]e1 build+ its ne/ on ! re$y banks ( ! /reams1 x wages w> ) ! cr[ tribe4 ,! h]on1 curlew1 plov]1 & mo/ ( ! o!r wad]s1 emigrate2 s&-pip]s & ! wat]-ousel rema9 8all ! ye> r\nd40 ,! ,cygnus musicus1 or :i/l+ swan1 is specially fam\s = its migrations4 ,x measures five feet f ! tip ( ! bill to ! end ( ! tail1 & eight feet across its noble ext5d$ w+s2 its plumage is :ite z sn[1 ) a slight t+e ( orange or yell[ on ! head4 ,"s ( ^! swans w9t] 9 ,icel&2 & 9 ! long ,arctic night _! song1 z !y pass 9 flocks1 falls on ! e> ( ! li/5] l ! notes ( a viol94 99 99 99 99 99 ,! di/ribution ( animals is1 ( c\rse1 regulat$ by laws analog\s to ^? :i* regulate ! di/ribution ( plants1 insects1 birds1 & fi%es4 ,ea* cont95t1 & ev5 diff]5t portions ( ! same cont95t1 are ! c5tres ( zoological families1 :i* h always exi/$ !re1 & n[h]e else2 ea* gr\p be+ almo/ always specifically diff]5t f all o!rs4 ,z ! ,arctic ,_w includes a di/rict common to ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica1 ) uni=m climatic conditions1 ! animals inhabit+ ! high latitudes ( ^! cont95ts are frequ5tly v simil> & sometimes id5tical2 &1 9 fact1 no g5us ( quadrup$s exi/s 9 ! ,arctic regions t is n f\nd 9 all ?ree cont95ts1 ?\gh !re are only tw5ty-sev5 species common to all1 & ^! mo/ly fur-be>+ animals4 ,! c>nivores1 z we h se51 are v few 9 numb]1 & ( ^! ! mo/ important is ! ,pol> be>4 ,( ! h]bivores ! re9de] is ! mo/ valuable2 its s\!rn limit 9 ,europe is ! ,baltic ,sea1 9 ,am]ica ! latitude ( ,quebec4 ,!re are fully eight v>ieties ( ,am]ican dogs1 sev]al ( :i* are natives ( ! f> ,nor?4 ,! lagopus1 or isatis1 a native ( ,spitzb]g5 & ,gre5l&1 ext5ds ov] all ! ,arctic regions ( ,am]ica & ,asia1 & is f\nd 9 "s ( ! ,kurile ,isl&s4 ,dogs are employ$ to draw sl$ges 9 ,newf\ndl& & ,canada2 & ! ,eskimo dogs1 us$ = ?is purpose by ! ,arctic explor]s1 are fam\s = _! /r5g?1 _! docility1 & p[] ( endurance4 ,!y 7 mute1 until !y le>n$ to b>k f ,european dogs on bo>d ! discov]y %ips4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,icel& ,,& ,,! ,,icel&]s4 ,j )9 ! ,arctic region1 b ne>ly on ! limits ( :at geograph]s call ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 lies an isl& :i*1 s9ce its colonization 9 ! n9? c5tury1 has n ceas$ to excite ! int]e/ ( ! explor] & ! man ( sci5ce4 ,icel&--:i* measures ab\t #cjj miles at its greate/ l5g?1 f ea/ to we/1 & ab\t #bjj miles at its greate/ bread?1 f nor? to s\?--is situat$ 9 lat4 #fc #bc'-ff #cc' ,n41 & long4 #ac #bb'-bd #ce' ,w42 at a di/ance ( #fjj miles f ! ne>e/ po9t ( ,norway1 #bej f ! ,f>e ,isles1 #bej f ,gre5l&1 & above #ejj miles f ! nor!rn extremity ( ,scotl&4 ,z e>ly z ! eigh? ,*ri/ian c5tury x 0 discov]$ by "s ,european emigrants2 ?\gh1 inde$1 ! ,l&nana ,book1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ! isl&-records1 ass]ts t !y f\nd ! memorials ( a yet e>li] settlem5t 9 v>i\s ,*ri/ian relics1 su* z wood5 crosses1 :i* appe>$ to be ( ,iri% orig94 ,at all ev5ts1 ! fir/ really successful attempt at colonization 0 made by ,+olf1 a ,norwegian1 :o plant$ himself & 8 foll[]s at ,reikiavik 9 #hgd4 ,9 ! foll[+ c5tury a some:at ext5sive immigration took place ( ,norwegians :o res5t$ ! *anges ( polity introduc$ by ,h>old ,ha>fag]1 & all ! habitable po9ts on ! coa/ 7 occupi$ by ab\t #iej ,a4,d4 ,fifty ye>s aft]w>ds1 ?\gh n )\t mu* opposition1 ,*ri/ianity 0 legally e/abli%$1 & ! bi%oprics ( ,hol> & ,skalholt 7 f\nd$4 ,! gov]nm5t assum$ ! "* ( an ari/ocratic republic1 ) a popul> assembly1 call$ ! ,al?+1 meet+ e summ] 9 ! valley ( ,?+valla4 ,comm]ce 0 enc\rag$1 & ! ,icel&]s e>ly di/+ui%$ !mselves by ! boldness ( _! m>itime ent]prise1 & ! ext5t ( _! ocean fi%]ies4 ,ab\t ! ye> #icb !y discov]$ ,gre5l&1 & ab\t #ihf a portion ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican coa/1 :i* !y call$ 8,v9el&40 ,!y did n conf9e _! voyages to ! nor?1 b s5t _! %ips ev5 z f> s\? z ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,f #aaej to #abej is rightly consid]$ ! mo/ fl\ri%+ p]iod ( ,icel&ic lit]ature & comm]ce4 ,aft] ! conque/ ( ! isl& by ,haco ,,vi4 ( ,norway1 mu* ( ! old _s seem$ to die out4 ,:5 ,norway 0 unit$ to ,d5m>k 9 #achj1 ,icel& 0 includ$ 9 ! bond1 & x is /ill reg>d$ z a dep5d5cy ( ! latt] k+dom4 ,9 #aedj x embrac$ ! pr9ciples ( ,lu!ran ,prote/antism4 ,its population at "o "t numb]$ #ajj1jjj1 b x gradually dim9i%$ until1 9 #ahdj1 x 0 r$uc$ to #eg1jid2 b a sl[ increase has tak5 place ( late ye>s1 & x n[ am\nts to ab\t #gj1jjj4 ,! language spok5 is ! old ,norse4 ,icel& is a fif? "p l>g] ?an ,irel&1 & its sup]ficial area is e/imat$ at #ci1bjg squ>e miles4 ,n m ?an #djjj miles1 h[ev]1 are habitable1 all ! re/ be+ ice & lava2 = ! isl& seems to be little m ?an a mass ( tra*yte1 sn[-%r\d$ & fro/-b\nd1 re/+ on a sea ( fire4 ,x consi/s ( two va/ p>allel table-l&s1 ! f\ndations ( ranges ( l(ty m\nta9s1 mo/ ( :i* are active volcanoes2 & ^! table-l&s /rike across ! c5tre ( ! isl&1 f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/1 at a di/ance f "o ano!r ( n9ety to "o hundr$ miles4 ,_! m\nta9\s summits are n pyramidal1 z is g5]ally ! case 9 ,europe1 b r\nd$ l domes1 z 9 ! ,&es ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,_! sides1 h[ev]1 are brok5 up by precipit\s masses ( tufa & conglom]ate1 int]sect$ by deep rav9es ( ! gloomie/ "*4 ,!y are cov]$ ) a ?ick %r\d ( ice & sn[1 b 9 _! wombs see! ! fi]y elem5ts :i* ev] & anon break =? into t]rible activity4 ,! ea/]n table-l& & its m\nta9 range is ! mo/ ext5sive1 & conta9s ,orafa1 ! culm9at+ po9t ( ,icel&4 ,x is visible f a great di/ance at sea1 l a :ite cl\d susp5d$ above ! isl&4 ,its height is #fdbf feet1 & x spr+s f a va/ m\nta9-mass2 no few] ?an #cjjj squ>e miles be+ p]petually burd5$ ) ice & sn[1 at an altitude v>y+ f #cjjj to #fjjj feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,icel&ic ,,l&scape4 ,a v consid]able portion ( ! isl& is occupi$ by ! l>ge glaci]s :i* desc5d f ! m\nta9s1 l froz5 torr5ts1 pu%+ =w>d into ! l[l&s1 & ev5 to ! m>g9 ( ! sea4 ,^! act z almo/ impassable b>ri]s to communication betwe5 ! v>i\s inhabit$ di/ricts4 ,we h spok5 ( ! two ranges ( table-l&s z ab\t n9ety to "o hundr$ miles ap>t4 ,! int]space =ms a l[ broad valley1 :i* op5s at ei!r extremity on ! sea--an awful wa/e1 a region ( desolation1 :]e man is utt]ly p[]less2 :]e ! elem5ts ( fire & fro/ ma9ta9 a p]petual antagonism2 :]e blade ( grass is nev] se51 nor drop ( wat]2 :]e bird nev] w+s its way1 & no sign ( life c be detect$4 ,x seems a realization ( ,dante's 8circle ( ice0 9 ! 8,inf]no40 ,! surface consi/s ( lava /reams1 fissur$ by innum]able crevices2 ( rocks pil$ on rocks2 ( dre>y glaci]s1 reliev$ by l[ volcanic cones4 ,x is suppos$ t "s remote portions ( ! inaccessible int]ior are less b>r51 because h]ds ( re9de] h be5 se5 fe$+ on ! ,icel& moss t fr+es ! bord]s ( ?is dre>y region4 ,b !re is no reason to believe t x c ev] be inhabit$ by man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,hekla1 ,,f ,,! ,,valley ,,( ,,hevita4 ,! extremities ( ! valleys1 :]e !y approa* ! ocean1 are ! pr9cipal !atres ( volcanic activity4 ,at ! nor!rn end ! be/-kn[n volcano is t ( ,hekla1 :i* has atta9$ a s9i/] repute f ! t]rific "* ( its eruptions4 ,( ^! six-&-tw5ty are record$1 ! la/ hav+ occurr$ 9 #ahde-df4 ,"o la/$ = six ye>s1 spread+ deva/ation ov] a c\ntry :i* _h =m]ly be5 ! seat ( a prosp]\s colony1 bury+ ! fields b5ea? a flood ( lava1 scori1 & a%es4 ,dur+ ! eruption ( ,septemb] #b1 #ahde1 to ,april #ahdf1 ?ree new crat]s 7 =m$1 f :i* columns ( fire sprang to ! height ( #ad1jjj feet4 ,! lava accumulat$ 9 =midable hills1 & fragm5ts ( scori & pumice-/one1 weigh+ two hundr$weight1 7 ?r[n to a di/ance ( a league & a half2 :ile ! ice & sn[ :i* _h la9 on ! m\nta9 = c5turies 7 liquefi$1 & p\r$ d[n into ! pla9s 9 deva/at+ torr5ts4 ,b ! eruption ( ano!r ( ^! t]rible volcanoes1 ! ,skapt ,jokul1 :i* broke out on ! #h? ( ,may #aghc1 & la/$ until ,augu/1 0 ( a /ill m awful "*4 ,at t "t ! volcanic fire "u ,europe mu/ h rag$ mo/ viol5tly1 = a trem5d\s e>?quake %att]$ a wide ext5t ( ,calabria 9 ! same ye>1 & a subm>9e volcano _h flam$ fi]cely = _m weeks 9 ! ocean1 ?irty miles f ! s\?-we/ cape ( ,icel&4 ,its fires ceas$ sudd5ly2 a s]ies ( e>?quakes %ook ! isl&2 & !n ,skapt broke =? into sudd5 & de/ructive activity4 ,= mon?s ! sun 0 hidd5 by d5se cl\ds ( vap\r1 & cl\ds ( volcanic du/ 7 c>ri$ _m hundr$s ( miles to sea1 ext5d+ ev5 to ,engl& & ,holl&4 ,s& & a%es1 rais$ to an enorm\s height 9 ! atmosph]e1 spread 9 all directions1 & ov]:elm$ ?\s&s ( acres ( f]tile pa/urage4 ,! sulphur\s exhalations blight$ ! grass ( ! field1 & ta9t$ ! wat]s ( riv]1 lake1 & sea1 s t n only ! h]ds & flocks p]i%$1 b ! fi% di$ 9 _! poison$ elem5t4 ,! quantity ( matt] eject$ by ! r5t & %iv]$ m\nta9 0 comput$ at fifty or sixty ?\s& millions ( cubic y>ds4 ,! molt5 lava fl[$ 9 a /ream :i* 9 "s places 0 tw5ty to ?irty miles 9 bread?1 & ( enorm\s ?ickness2 a see?+1 hiss+ torr5t1 :i* fill$ ! b$s ( riv]s1 p\r$ into ! sea ne>ly fifty miles f its po9ts ( eruption1 & de/roy$ ! fi%+ on ! coa/4 ,"s ( ! isl&-riv]s 7 heat$1 x is said1 to ebullition2 o!rs 7 dri$ up2 ! cond5s$ vap\r fell 9 :irls ( sn[ & /orms ( ra94 ,b dreadful z 0 ! eruption itself1 ) its sublime b awful ph5om5a1 f> m dreadful 7 its consequ5ces4 ,! c\ntry )9 its range 0 "o wide gha/ly des]t1 a fire-blight$ wild]ness2 &1 p>tly f want ( food1 p>tly ow+ to ! un:olesome condition ( ! atmosph]e1 no few] ?an #iccf m51#aj #bh1jjj horses1 #aa1dfa cattle1 & #aij1jjj %eep1 7 swept away 9 ! %ort space ( two ye>s4 ,ev5 yet ,icel& has sc>cely recov]$ f ! bl[4 ,at ! nor!rn end ( ! great c5tral valley ! focus ( igne\s ph5om5a is f\nd 9 a semicircle ( volcanic heights :i* slope t[>ds ! ea/]n %ore ( ! ,lake ,myvatr4 ,two ( ^! are v =midable1--namely1 ,leirhnukr & ,krabla on ! nor?-ea/4 ,aft] ye>s ( inaction1 !y sudd5ly broke out ) trem5d\s fury1 p\r+ su* a quantity ( lava into ! ,lake ,myvatr1 :i* measures tw5ty miles 9 circuit1 t ! wat] 0 9 a /ate ( ebullition = _m days4 ,on ! sides ( ,m\nt ,krabla1 & at ! base ( ?is gr\p ( m\nta9s1 are situat$ v>i\s caldrons ( boil+ m9]al pit*1 ! ru9$ crat]s ( anci5t volcanoes2 & f _! dep?s are ?r[n up jets ( ! molt5 matt]1 envelop$ 9 cl\ds ( /eam1 & accompani$ by l\d explosions at regul> int]vals4 ,b ! mo/ s+ul> ph5om5a 9 ?is s+ul> c\ntry1 :]e fro/ & fire are cont9ually disput+ ! pre-em95ce1 are ! ,geys]s1 or eruptive boil+ spr+s4 ,^! all occur 9 ! tra*ytic =mation1 are *>act]iz$ by _! high temp]ature1 by hold+ silice\s matt] 9 solution1 :i* !y deposit 9 ! =m ( silice\s s9t]1 & by evolv+ l>ge quantities ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,upw>ds ( fifty geys]s h be5 c\nt$ 9 ! space ( a few acres at ! s\!rn end ( ! great valley4 ,"s are con/ant1 "s p]iodical1 "s /agnant1 "s only slightly agitat$4 ,! gr&e/ & mo/ celebrat$ are ! ,great ,geys] & ,/rokr1 ?irty-five miles nor?-we/ f ,hekla4 ,^!1 at regul> int]vals1 hurl into ! air imm5se columns ( boil+ wat]1 to ! height ( "o hundr$ feet1 accompani$ by cl\ds ( /eam & deaf5+ noises4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,great ,geys]1 ! jet issues f a %aft ab\t sev5ty-five feet deep1 & t5 9 diamet]1 :i* op5s into ! c5tre ( a %all[ bas91 ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! bas9 is alt]nately empti$ & fill$3 :5 fill$1 l\d explosions are he>d1 ! gr\nd quiv]s1 & ! boil+ wat] is =c$ upw>ds 9 gigantic columns4 ,?us ! bas9 is empti$1 & ! explosions cease until x is refill$4 ,messrs4 ,descloiseaux & ,buns51 :o1 accord+ to ,mrs4 ,som]ville1 visit$ ,icel& 9 #ahdf1 f\nd ! temp]ature ( ! ,great ,geys]1 at ! dep? ( sev5ty-two feet1 to equal #bfj #cj' ,f4 prior to a great eruption1 r$uc$1 aft] ! eruption1 to #bea #cj' ,f42 an int]val ( tw5ty-eight h\rs pass+ 9 sil5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,geys]4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty y>ds di/ant is ! ,/rokr 7f /roka1 to agitate71 a circul> well1 =ty-f\r feet deep1 ) a tube eight feet wide at its m\?1 dim9i%+ to little m ?an t5 in*es at a dep? ( tw5ty-sev5 feet4 ,! surface ( ! wat] is 9 con/ant ebullition1 :ile at ! bottom ! temp]ature exce$s t ( boil+ wat] by ab\t tw5ty-f\r degrees4 ,x appe>s1 f exp]im5ts made by ,donny1 t wat]1 long boil$1 becomes m & m free f air1 & t ?us ! cohesion ( ! p>ticles is s mu* increas$1 t :5 ! heat is suffici5tly increas$ to ov]come t cohesion1 ! production ( /eam is s consid]able & s in/antane\s z to induce an explosion4 ,9 ?is circum/ance ,m4 ,donny f9ds an explanation ( ! ph5om5a ( ! ,geys]s1 :i* are 9 con/ant ebullition = _m h\rs1 until1 be+ almo/ purifi$ f air1 ! int5se int]nal or subt]ranean heat ov]comes ! cohesion ( ! p>ticles1 & ?us an explosion takes place4 ,"l ,duff]9 describes an eruption :i* he witness$ on ! occasion ( 8 visit to ! ,geys]s1 b = :i* he wait$ ?ree days4 ,l pilgrims r\nd "s anci5t %r9e1 he says1 he & 8 fri5ds kept pati5t wat*2 b ! ,great ,geys] sc>cely deign$ to v\*safe ! slighte/ manife/ation ( its lat5t en]gies4 ,two or ?ree times !y he>d a s\nd z ( subt]ranean cannonad+1 & once an eruption to ! height ( ab\t t5 feet occurr$4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! f\r? day a cry f ! guides made !m />t to _! feet1 & ) "o common impulse ru% t[>ds ! bas94 ,! usual und]gr\nd ?und] _h already comm5c$4 ,a viol5t agitation 0 di/urb+ ! c5tre ( ! pool4 ,sudd5ly a dome ( wat] lift$ itself up to ! height ( eight or t5 feet1 !n bur/1 & fell2 imm$iately aft] :i* a %9+ liquid column1 or r a %eaf ( columns1 wrea!d 9 robes ( vap\r1 sprang into ! air1 & 9 a succession ( j]k+ leaps1 ea* high] ?an ! la/1 flung _! silv] cre/s aga9/ ! sky4 ,= a few m9utes ! f\nta9 held its own1 !n all at once appe>$ to lose its asc5d+ p[]4 ,! un/able wat]s falt]$1 droop$1 fell1 8l a brok5 purpose10 back ^u !mselves1 & 7 imm$iately suck$ d[n into ! recesses ( _! pipe4 ,! spectacle 0 "o ( great magnific5ce2 b no description c give an accurate idea ( its mo/ /rik+ features4 ,! enorm\s weal? ( wat]1 its vitality1 its hidd5 p[]1 ! illimitable bread? ( sunlit vap\r1 roll+ out 9 exhau/less pr(usion1--^! comb9e to impress ! spectator ) an almo/ pa9ful s5se ( ! /up5d\s en]gy ( nature's slighte/ movem5ts4 ,! same travell] furni%es a v humor\s acc\nt ( ! ,/rokr 7or 8*urn074 ,x is1 he says1 an un=tunate ,geys]1 ) s little comm& ov] its temp] & /oma*1 t y c get a rise out ( x :5ev] y l4 ,no?+ m is necess>y ?an to collect a quantity ( sods & ?r[ !m d[n its funnel4 ,z x has no bas9 to protect x f ^! lib]ties1 y c approa* to ! v edge ( ! pipe1 :i* is ab\t five feet 9 diamet]1 & look d[n at ! boil+ wat] p]petually see?+ at ! bottom4 ,9 a few m9utes ! dose ( turf j adm9i/]$ beg9s to disagree ) x2 x works itself up into 8an awful passion20 torm5t$ by ! qualms ( incipi5t sickness1 x groans & hisses1 & boils up1 & spits at y ) malici\s vehem5ce1 until at la/1 ) a ro> ( m+l$ pa9 & rage1 x ?r[s up into ! air a column ( wat] =ty feet high1 c>ry+ ) x all ! sods t h be5 ?r[n 91 & scatt]+ !m1 scald$ & half-dige/$1 at y\r feet4 ,s irritat$ has ! poor ?+'s /oma* become by ! discipl9e x has und]gone1 t ev5 long aft] all =eign matt] has be5 ?r[n (f1 x cont9ues ret*+ & sputt]+1 until at la/ nature is exhau/$1 :51 sobb+ & sigh+ to itself1 x s9ks back into ! bottom ( its d54 ,! gr\nd ar\nd ! ,geys]s1 = ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile1 looks z if x _h be5 8honeycomb$ by disease into num]\s sores & orifices20 n a blade ( grass grew on its hot1 inflam$ surface1 :i* consi/$ ( un:olesome-look+ r$ livid clay1 or crumpl$ %r$s & %>ds ( sl\gh-l incru/ations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a region1 correspond+ 9 "* to ! des]t m\nta9-mass we h be5 describ+1 /ret*es we/w>d f x to ! extremity ( ! ridge ( ! ,snaefield ,syssel1 & t]m9ates 9 ! rem>kable cone ( ,snaefield ,jokul4 ,! isl& coa/s exhibit a s+ul>ly brok5 outl9e1 & ! deep lo*s or fiords1 l ^? ( ,norway1 only less romantic1 dip into ! int]ior = _m miles1 & ?r[ (f num]\s bran*es4 ,^! fiords are wild & gloomy2 d>k1 /ill inlets1 ) precipices on ei!r side1 a ?\s& feet 9 height1 & ! sil5ce unbrok51 save by ! occasional wa% ( ! wat]s1 or ! scream ( a solit>y ocean-bird4 ,inl&1 h[ev]1 !y assume a g5tl] "*3 !y end 9 long n>r[ valleys1 wat]$ by pleasant /reams1 & bright ) pa/ure4 ,9 ^! bits ( ,arcadia ! inhabitants h built _! t[ns & villages4 ,9 ! valleys on ! nor? coa/1 :i* are adorn$ by clumps ( will[ & junip]1 ! soil is comp>atively f]tile2 b ! mo/ g5ial sc5]y is f\nd on ! ea/1 :]e1 9 "s places1 ! bir*-trees rea* a height ( tw5ty feet1 & are ( suffici5t size to be us$ 9 h\se-build+4 ,! fuel us$ by ! ,icel&]s is ! drift-wood :i* ! ,gulf ,/ream br+s f ,mexico1 ! ,c>ol9as1 ,virg9ia1 & ! ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,9 ! s\? ( ! isl& ! mean temp]ature is ab\t #ci2 9 ! c5tral di/ricts1 #cf2 9 ! nor? x r>ely rises above #cb1 or freez+-po9t4 ,?und]-/orms1 ?\gh r>e 9 high latitudes1 are n uncommon 9 ,icel&2 a circum/ance :i* is due1 no d\bt1 to ! atmosph]ic di/urbances caus$ by ! volcanic ph5om5a4 ,hurricanes are frequ5t1 & ! days are few :5 ! isl& is free f sea-mi/s4 ,at ! nor!rn end ! sun is always above ! horizon 9 ! middle ( summ]1 & "u x 9 ! middle ( w9t]2 b absolute d>kness does n prevail4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ places 9 ,icel& is ,?+valla1 :]e ( old ! 8,al?+10 or supreme p>liam5t1 0 wont to hold its annual assemblies1 "u ! 8,logma?urman10 or presid5t ( ! republic4 ,x is no?+ m ?an a broad pla9 on ! bank ( ! ,riv] ,ox]1 ne> ! po9t :]e ! swift wat]s1 aft] =m+ a noble cascade1 sweep into ! ,lake ( ,?+valla4 ,only a pla92 b ! sc5]y ar\nd x is indescribably gr& & solemn4 ,on ei!r side lies a b>r5 plateau1 above :i* rises a range ( sn[y m\nta9s1 & f ! plateaus ! pla9 is cut (f by deep *asms1--t ( ,almanna ,gja on ! ea/1 & ! ,hrafna ,gja on ! we/4 ,x measures eight miles 9 bread?1 & its surface is cov]$ by a network ( innum]able fissures & crevices ( great dep? & bread?4 ,at ! foot ( ! pla9 lies a lake1 ab\t ?irty miles 9 circumf]5ce1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* two small crat]-isl&s1 ! result ( "s anci5t eruption1 are situat$4 ,! m\nta9s on its s\? bank h a romantic aspect1 & t _! volcanic fires are n ext9ct is %[n by ! cl\ds ( vap\r evolv$ f ! hot spr+s t p\r d[n _! rugg$ sides4 ,! actual meet+-place ( ! ,al?+ 0 an irregul> oval area1 ab\t two hundr$ feet by fifty1 almo/ entirely surr\nd$ by a crevice s broad & deep z to be impassable1 except :]e a n>r[ causeway connect$ x ) ! adjac5t pla91 & p]mitt$ access to its int]ior4 ,at "o o!r po9t1 inde$1 ! encircl+ *asm is s n>r[ t x may possibly be cle>$ at a leap2 & ! /ory runs t "o ,flosi1 :5 hotly pursu$ by 8 enemies1 did 9 ?is way escape !m2 b z fall+ an in* %ort w\ld mean sure dea? 9 ! gre5 wat]s bel[1 ! *asm may be reg>d$ z a tol]ably sure b>ri] aga9/ intrud]s4 ,! anci5t capital ( ! isl& 0 ,skalholt1 :]e1 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 0 f\nd$ ! fir/ s*ool2 an episcopal seat2 ! bir?place ( a long l9e ( ,norse wor?ies1 ,islief ! *ronicl]1 ,gissur ! l+ui/1 & ,f9nur ,johnson ! hi/orian4 ,b its glories h pass$ away2 its noble ca!dral has ceas$ to exi/2 & ?ree or f\r cottages alone p]petuate ! "n ( ! once fl\ri%+ city4 ,! pres5t capital is ,reikiavik1 to :i*1 9 #agig1 7 transf]r$ ! unit$ bi%oprics ( ,/oolum & ,skalholt4 ,x consi/s ( a collection ( wood5 %$s1 "o /ory high1 ris+ "h & !re into a gable end ( great] pret5sions1 ext5d+ along a tract ( dre>y lava1 & flank$ at ei!r end by a suburb ( turf huts4 ,on e side ( x /ret*es a dre>y lava-pla91 & ! gloom ( ! scor*$ & gha/ly l&scape is unreliev$ by tree or bu%4 ,! :ite m\nta9s are too di/ant to s]ve z a backgr\nd to ! build+s1 b be=e ! door ( ea* m]*ant's h\se1 fac+ ! sea1 /reams a bright little p5non2 & z ! travell] paces ! sil5t /reets1 ^: du/ no c>riage-:eel has ev] desecrat$1 ! r[s ( fl[]-pots peep+ out ( ! w9d[s1 betwe5 :ite musl9 curta9s1 at once conv9ce him t1 not)/&+ _! uno/5tati\s appe>ance1 )9 ea* dwell+ reign 8! elegance & com=t ( a woman-t5d$ home40 ,! prosp]ity ( ,reikiavik is *iefly due to its excell5t h>b\r1 & to ! fi%-banks 9 its neighb\rhood1 :i* supply x ) an important comm]cial /aple4 ,9 ! summ] & e>ly autumn x is mu* visit$ by t\ri/s1 :o />t f !nce to admire ! wond]s ( ,hekla1 ,skapta1 & ! ,geys]s2 b its busie/ "t is 9 ,july1 :5 ! annual fair draws ?i!r a cr[d ( fi%]-folk & peasants4 ,f a di/ance ( =ty & fifty leagues !y come1 ) long tra9s ( pack-horses1 _! /ock-fi% slung loose across ! animals' backs1 & _! o!r w>es pack$ closely 9 boxes or bags ( re9de]-sk94 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>b\r ,,( ,,reikiavik4 ,! ,icel&] is hone/1 temp]ate1 hospitable1 possess$ ) a f]v5t _s ( patriotism1 & /rongly w$d$ to ! anci5t usages4 ,he is also indu/ri\s2 & ?\gh 8 indu/ry is b scantily remun]at$1 he e>ns en\gh to satisfy 8 simple ta/es4 ,9 ! int]ior 8 *ief dep5d5ce is on 8 cattle2 & z grass is ! ma9 produce ( 8 f>m1 8 anxiety dur+ ! haymak+ season is extreme4 ,a bad crop w\ld be almo/ ru94 ,he is1 h[ev]1 w(ully ignorant ( agriculture z a sci5ce1 does b little = ! improvem5t ( ! soil1 & employs implem5ts ( ! mo/ primitive "*4 ,! process ( haymak+ 9 ,icel& is ?us describ$3-- ,! be/ crops are ga!r$ f ! 8tn10 a k9d ( home-p>k or paddock1 compris+ ! l&s contigu\s to ! f>m/ead--! only portion ( 8 demesne to :i* ! own] gives any special att5tion1 & on ! improvem5t ( :i* he be/[s any lab\r4 ,?is 8tn0 is enclos$ )9 a wall ( /one or turf1 & av]ages an ext5t ( two or ?ree acres1 ?\gh sometimes x rea*es to t54 ,its surface is usually a s]ies ( closely-pack$ m\nds1 l an ov]cr[d$ gravey>d1 ) *annels or wat]-runs betwe51 ab\t two feet deep4 ,hi!r e p]son employ$ on ! f>m1 or :om ! f>m] c engage1 resorts1 ) %ort-blad$ scy! & rake1 & proce$s to cut d[n ! co>se ?ick grass1 & rake x up into little heaps4 ,aft]w>ds ! m[]s ha/5 to cle> ! neighb\r+ hill sides & undra9$ m>%es4 ,?is primitive haymak+1 s unlike ! sy/ematic op]ation :i* be>s t "n 9 ,engl&1 is c>ri$ on ?r\gh\t ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( ! long summ] day4 ,! hay1 :5 suffici5tly dri$1 is made up into bundles1 & ti$ ) cords & ?ongs1 & pack$ on ! back ( ponies1 :i* c>ry x to ! clay-built /alls or %$s prep>$ = x4 ,& a curi\s sight x is to see a long /r+ ( hay-lad5 ponies return+ home4 ,ea* pony's halt] is made fa/ to ! tail ( 8 pr$ecessor2 & ! little animals are s ov]%ad[$ & ov]:elm$ by _! burd5s1 t _! ho(s & ! connect+ ropes alone are visible1 & !y seem l s _m animat$ haycocks1 feel+ !mselves suffici5tly made up1 & leisurely betak+ !mselves to _! re/+-places4 ,dur+ ! protract$ w9t] ! ,icel&]1 ( c\rse1 c att5d to no out-(-door lab\r1 & passes 8 "t )9 8 hut1 :i*1 9 _m p>ts ( ! isl&1 is n mu* sup]ior to an ,iri% 8cab940 ,! l[] "p is built ( r\gh /ones up to a height ( f\r feet1 & betwe5 ea* c\rse a lay] ( turf is plac$1 :i* s]ves in/ead ( mort>1 & helps to keep out ! cold4 ,! ro(1 made ( any available wood1 is cov]$ ) turf & sods4 ,on ! s\!rn side ! build+ is ornam5t$ ) doors & gable-ends1 ea* ( :i* is cr[n$ by a wea!rcock4 ,^! doors are ! entrances to ! dwell+-rooms & v>i\s (fices1 su* z ! c[-%$1 /ore-h\se1 & smi?y4 ,! dwell+-rooms are connect$ by a long1 d>k1 n>r[ passage1 & are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by /rong walls ( turf4 ,z ea* ap>tm5t has its own ro(1 ! build+ is1 9 effect1 an aggregate ( sev]al l[ huts1 :i* receive _! light ?r\gh small w9d[s 9 ! front1 or holes 9 ! ro(1 cov]$ ) a piece ( glass or sk94 ,! floors are ( /amp$ e>?2 ! fireplace is made ( a few /ones1 rudely pack$ toge!r1 :ile ! smoke escapes ?r\gh a hole 9 ! ro(1 or ?r\gh a cask or b>rel1 ) ! ends knock$ out1 :i* acts z *imney4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! isl& lava is us$ in/ead ( /ones1 & in/ead ( wood ! raft]s are made ( ! ribs ( :ales4 ,a horse's skull is ! be/ seat provid$ = a visitor4 ,too (t5 ! same room s]ves z ! d9+1 sitt+1 & sleep+ place = ! :ole family1 & ! b$s are m]ely boxes fill$ ) fea!rs or sea-we$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few h\ses ( a sup]ior "*1 9 :i* ! arrangem5ts are n mu* unlike ^? ( a good old-fa%ion$ ,engli% f>m-h\se2 ! walls be+ wa9scott$ ) deal1 & ! doors & /aircase ( ! same mat]ial4 ,a few pr9ts & photographs1 "s book-%elves1 "o or two little pictures1 decorate ! sitt+-room1 & a neat iron /ove1 & massive *e/s ( draw]s1 furni% x suffici5tly4 ,f ! h\ses we turn to ! *ur*es4 ,9 ,reikiavik ! *ur* is a /one build+1 ! only /one build+ 9 ! t[n2 b ?is is exceptional3 mo/ ( ! *ur*es are n mu* bett] ?an ! h\ses4 ,we w be cont5t1 !re=e1 ) a visit to ! ,reikiavik sanctu>y1 :i* is a neat & unpret5d+ erection1 capable ( accommodat+ ?ree or f\r hundr$ p]sons4 ,! ,icel&]s are n oppos$ to a 8dec5t ritual10 & ! ,lu!ran m9i/] we>s a black g[n ) a ruff r\nd 8 neck4 ,! majority ( ! congregation1 "h z ev]y:]e else1 consi/s ( wom52 "s few dress$ 9 bonnets1 & ! re/ we>+ ! national black silk skull-cap1 set jauntily on "o side ( ! head1 ) a long black tassel droop+ to ! %\ld]1 or else a qua9t mitre-l /ructure ( :ite l951 almo/ z impos+ z ! head-dress ( a ,norm&y peasant4 ,! rema9d] ( an ,icel&ic lady's co/ume1 we may add1 consi/s ( a black bodice1 fa/5$ 9 front ) silv] clasps1 ov] :i* is drawn a clo? jacket1 gay ) innum]able silv] buttons2 r\nd ! neck goes a /iff ruff ( velvet1 embroid]$ ) silv] lace2 & a silv] belt1 (t5 beautifully *as$1 b9ds ! long d>k wadmal petticoat r\nd ! wai/4 ,sometimes ! ornam5ts are ( gold1 in/ead ( silv]1 & v co/ly4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! ,lu!ran s]vice1 ! prea*] desc5ds f ! pulpit1 & attir+ himself 9 a spl5did crimson velvet cope1 turns 8 back to ! congregation1 & *ants "s ,lat9 s5t5ces4 ,?\gh /ill reta9+ 9 _! c]emonies1 says a rec5t travell]1 a few ve/iges ( ! old religion1 ?\gh alt>s1 c&les1 pictures1 & crucifixes yet rema9 9 _m ( _! *ur*es1 ! ,icel&]s are /an* ,prote/ants1 & s+ul>ly dev\t1 innoc5t1 & pure-he>t$4 ,crime1 !ft1 debau*]y1 cruelty are unkn[n among/ !m2 !y h nei!r prison1 gall[s1 soldi]s1 nor police2 & 9 ! mann] ( _! lives m+les some?+ ( a patri>*al simplicity1 t rem9ds "o ( ! ,old ,_w pr9ces1 ( :om x has be5 said1 t !y 7 8upright & p]fect1 es*ew+ evil1 & 9 _! he>ts no guile40 ,9 ! rural di/ricts1 if su* a phrase c prop]ly be appli$ to any "p ( ,icel&1 ! *ur* is sc>cely di/+ui%able f any o!r build+1 except by ! cross plant$ on its ro(4 ,x measures1 g5]ally1 f eight to t5 feet 9 wid?1 & f eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r feet 9 l5g?2 b ( ?is space ab\t eight feet are devot$ to ! alt>1 :i* is divid$ (f by a wood5 p>tition /ret*+ across ! *ur*1 j beh9d ! pulpit4 ,! communion-table is no?+ m ?an a small wood5 *e/ or cupbo>d1 plac$ at ! end ( ! build+1 betwe5 two small squ>e w9d[s1 ea* =m$ by a s+le common-siz$ pane ( glass4 ,ov] ! table is susp5d$ a sorry daub1 on wood1 int5d$ to repres5t ! ,la/ ,supp]4 ,! walls1 :i* are wa9scott$1 are ab\t six feet high2 & /\t beams ( wood /ret* f side to side4 ,on ^! are c>elessly scatt]$ a numb] ( old ,bibles1 psalt]s1 & loose leaves ( soil$ & antiquat$ manuscripts4 ,! int]ior ( ! ro(1 ! raft]s ( :i* re/ on ! walls1 is also l9$ ) wood4 ,accommodation1 9 ! %ape ( a few r\gh b5*es1 is provid$ = a congregation ( ?irty or =ty s\ls4 ,poor z are ! *ur*es1 ! pa/ors are /ill poor]4 ,! be/ b5efice 9 ! isl& is wor? n mu* m ?an #dj p] annum2 ! av]age value is #aj4 ,! bi%op himself does n receive m ?an #bjj4 ,! pr9cipal support ( ! cl]gy1 !re=e1 is d]iv$ f _! glebe-l&1 ek$ out by ! small fees *>g$ = baptisms1 m>riages1 & fun]als4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ! read] w n be surpris$ to le>n t ! ,icel&ic cl]gy live mis]ably & "w h>d4 ,!y assi/ 9 ! haymak+2 !y hire !mselves out z h]dsm52 !y act z ! lead]s ( ! c>avans ( pack-horses :i* c>ry ! produce ( ! isl& to ! ports1 & return load$ ) dome/ic necess>ies2 & !y di/+ui% !mselves z blacksmi?s1 z vet]9>ians1 & %o]s ( horses4 ,dr4 ,h5d]son gives an int]e/+ & graphic acc\nt ( a visit he paid to "o ( ^! 8poor p>sons10 ,john ,?orlukson1 :o1 :ile support+ himself by drudg]y ( ?is pa9ful k9d1 translat$ ,milton's 8,p>adise ,lo/0 & ,pope's 8,essay on ,man0 into ,icel&ic4 8,l mo/ ( 8 bre?r51 at ?is season ( ! ye>10 says ,dr4 ,h5d]son1 8we f\nd him 9 ! mead[ assi/+ 8 p at haymak+4 ,on he>+ ( our arrival he made all ! ha/e home :i* 8 age & infirmity w\ld all[1 & bidd+ u welcome to 8 l[ly abode1 u%]$ u into ! humble ap>tm5t :]e he translat$ my c\ntrym5 into ,icel&ic4 ,! door 0 n q f\r feet 9 height1 & ! room might be ab\t eight feet 9 l5g? by six 9 bread?4 ,at ! inn] end 0 ! poet's b$2 & close to ! door1 ov] aga9/ a small w9d[1 n exce$+ two feet squ>e1 0 a table :]e he committ$ to pap] ! effusions ( 8 muse4 ,on my tell+ him t my c\ntrym5 w\ld n h =giv5 me1 nor c\ld ,i h =giv5 myself1 _h ,i pass$ ?r\gh ?is "p ( ! isl& )\t pay+ him a visit1 he repli$ t ! translation ( ,milton _h yield$ him _m a pleasant h\r1 & (t5 giv5 him occasion to ?9k ( ,engl&40 ,x is true t ?is passage 0 writt5 "s fifty-five ye>s ago1 b ! condition ( ! cl]gy ( ,icel& has n mu* improv$ 9 ! int]val4 99 99 99 99 99 ,travell+ 9 ,icel&1 ev5 "u ! m fav\rable conditions br\ght ab\t by a con/ant influx ( t\ri/s1 is n to be a*iev$ )\t difficulty & discom=t4 ,n only is ! c\ntry de/itute1 necess>ily1 ( inns & ! usual arrangem5ts = ! conv5i5ce ( travell]s1 b mu*1 v mu*1 dep5ds ^u ! wea!r4 ,) a bright sky ov]head1 x is possible to reg>d z trivial & unwor?y ( notice ! small dsagrm5ts :i*1 9 bad wea!r1 develop into v s]i\s annoyances4 ,! only mode ( travell+ is on horseback1 = z !re are no roads1 c>riages w\ld be useless2 :ile ! di/ances betwe5 ! v>i\s po9ts ( int]e/ are too great1 ! riv]s too viol5t1 & ! swamps too ext5sive = p$e/rian t\rs to be und]tak54 ,ev5 ! mo/ mod]ate-m9d$ t\ri/ requires a c\ple ( rid+-horses = himself1 a c\ple = 8 guide1 & a c\ple ( pack-horses2 & :5 a l>g] company travels1 x exp&s into a cavalcade ( f tw5ty to ?irty horses1 ti$ head to tail1 :i* sl[ly pick _! way ov] rugg$ lava-b$s or dang]\s boggy gr\nd4 ,x is "o ?+1 z ,"l ,duff]9 rem>ks1 to ride =ty miles a day ?r\gh ! mo/ s+ul> sc5]y 9 ! _w1 :5 a glori\s sun br+s out e feature ( ! l&scape into />tl+ di/9ctness1 transmut+ ! dull torm5t$ e>? into t[]s1 domes1 & p9nacles ( %9+ metal1 & clo!s ea* peak 9 a robe ( _m-col\r$ light1 su* z ! 8,debatable ,m\nta9s0 mu/ h be5 9 ,bunyan's dream2 & ano!r to plod ov] ! same =ty miles1 wet to ! sk91 see+ no?+ b ! dim gray bases ( ! hills1 :i* rise y "k n h[1 & c>e n :]e4 8,if1 9 addition to ?is1 y h to wait1 z v (t5 mu/ be ! case1 = _m h\rs aft] y\r own arrival1 wet1 tir$1 hungry1 until ! baggage-tra91 ) ! t5ts & food1 %all h come up1 ) no alt]native 9 ! meantime b to lie %iv]+ inside a grass-ro($ h\se1 or to %>e ! qu>t]s ( "s f>m]'s family1 ^: dome/ic arrangem5ts resemble 9 e p>ticul> ^? :i* ,macaulay describes z prevail+ among ! ,scotti% ,highl&]s a hundr$ ye>s ago2 & if1 f9ally1 aft] va9ly wait+ = "s days to see an eruption :i* nev] takes place1 y j\rney back to ,reikiavik "u ! same melan*oly conditions1 x w n be unnatural t1 on return+ to y\r native l&1 y %\ld proclaim ,icel&1 ) h] geys]s1 to be a %am1 a delusion1 & a sn>e60 ,!re are no bridges 9 ,icel&2 no bridges1 except1 inde$1 a few planks flung across ! ,bru]a1 & a sw+-bridge1 or klfe1 :i* spans ! ,joklsa2 &1 z is /ill ! case 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,scotti% ,highl&s1 ! travell] mu/ =d ! /reams1 :i* are always rapid1 & sometimes inconv5i5tly deep4 ,! passage ( a riv] is1 !re=e1 a =midable ent]prise1 z may be inf]r$ f ! exp]i5ces ( ,mr4 ,holl& & o!r travell]s4 ,! guide leads ! way1 & ! c>avan foll[ ob$i5tly 9 8 wake1 /emm+1 z be/ !y c1 ! swift impetu\s torr5t4 ,(t5 ! boil+ wat] rises high aga9/ ! horse's %\ld]s1 & da%es cl\ds ( spray 9 ! face ( ! rid]s4 ,! /ream is s furi\sly fa/ t x is impossible to foll[ ! individual waves z !y sweep by1 & to look d[n at x almo/ makes "o dizzy4 ,n[1 if ev]1 is ! "t = a firm h&1 a sure seat1 & a /eady eye3 n only is ! curr5t /rong1 b its b$ is full ( l>ge /ones1 :i* ! horse _c see ?r\gh ! d>k wat]s2 & %\ld he fall1 ! torr5t w c>ry y d[n to ! sea1 ^: :ite break]s are pla9ly visible z !y crawl along ! res\nd+ bea* at a mile's di/ance4 ,happily1 ?\gh hungry = prey1 !y w n be satisfi$4 ,swimm+ w\ld be ( no use1 b an 8,icel&ic wat]-horse0 seldom blund]s or makes a false /ep4 ,b ano!r dang] lies 9 ! masses ( ice swept d[n by ! :irl+ waves1 _m ( :i* are suffici5tly l>ge to topple ov] horse & rid]4 ,h[ ! horses are able to /& aga9/ su* a /ream is e travell]'s wond]2 nor w\ld !y d s unless !y 7 inur$ to ! ent]prise f _! v y\?4 ,! ,icel&]s :o live 9 ! int]ior keep horses kn[n = _! qualities 9 =d+ difficult riv]s1 & nev] v5ture to cross a dang]\s /ream unless m\nt$ on an exp]i5c$ 8wat]-horse40 ,! action ( ! ,icel&ic horses 9 cross+ a swift riv] is v peculi>4 ,!y lean all _! weight aga9/ ! curr5t1 s z to oppose x z mu* z possible1 & move onw>ds ) a *>act]i/ic side-/ep4 ,?is motion is n agreeable4 ,x feels z if y\r horse 7 m>k+ "t1 l soldi]s at drill1 )\t ga9+ gr\nd1 & z ! progress made is really v sl[1 ! %ore f :i* y />t$ seems to rec$e f y1 :ile t to :i* y are b\nd does n seem to draw ne>]4 ,9 ! mid-/ream ! ro> ( ! wat]s is frequ5tly s great t ! travell]s _c make _! voices audible to "o ano!r4 ,!re is ! swirl ( ! torr5t1 ! see?+ ( ! spray1 ! crun*+ ( ! float+ ice1 ! roll ( /ones & b\ld]s aga9/ ! bottom1--& all ^! s\nds comb9e 9 "o confus$ *aotic d94 ,up to ?is po9t1 a diagonal l9e1 r d[n /ream1 is cauti\sly foll[$2 b :5 ! middle is rea*$1 ! horses' heads are turn$ slightly t[>ds ! curr5t1 & aft] mu* ef=t & _m risks ! opposite bank is rea*$ 9 safety4 ,"l ,duff]9 says1 ) mu* tru?1 t ! travell] 9 ,icel& is con/antly rem9d$ ( ! ,ea/4 ,f ! e>lie/ ages ! ,icel&]s h be5 a p dwell+ 9 t5ts4 ,9 ! days ( ! anci5t ,al?+1 ! legislators1 dur+ ! entire session1 lay encamp$ 9 movable boo?s ar\nd ! place ( c\ncil4 ,!re is some?+ patri>*al 9 _! dome/ic polity1 & ! v migration ( _! ance/ors f ,norway 0 a prote/ aga9/ ! antagoni/ic pr9ciple ( feudalism4 ,no ,arab c\ld be pr\d] ( 8 high-mettl$ /e$ ?an ! ,icel&] ( 8 little /alw>t1 sure-foot$ pony3 no ,ori5tal c\ld pay great] att5tion to ! duties ( hospitality2 :ile ! solemn salutation ex*ang$ betwe5 two companies ( travell]s1 z !y pass ea* o!r 9 :at is univ]sally call$ 8! des]t10 is n unwor?y ( ! /ately c\rtesy ( ! grave/ ( ,arabian %eikhs4 ,x is difficult to imag9e any?+ m multif>i\s ?an ! c>go :i* ^! c>avans import into ! inl& di/ricts3 deal bo>ds1 rope1 kegs ( br&y1 sacks ( rye or :eat5 fl\r1 salt1 soap1 sug>1 snuff1 tobacco1 c(fee2 ev]y?+1 9 tru?1 :i* is necess>y = dome/ic consumption dur+ ! dre>y w9t] season4 ,9 ex*ange = ^! commodities ! ,icel&]s give raw wool1 knitt$ /ock+s1 mitt5s1 cur$ cod1 fi%-oil1 :ale-blubb]1 fox-sk9s1 eid]-d[n1 fea!rs1 & ,icel& moss4 ,! exports ( ! isl& 9 wool am\nt to upw>ds ( #a1bjj1jjj lbs4 ( wool ye>ly1 & #ejj1jjj pairs ( /ock+s & mitt5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,icel&]s ,,fi%+ ,,= ,,n>:al4 ,icel& (f]s abundant sport to ! en?usia/ 9 fi%+4 ,! /reams are well suppli$ ) salmon2 :ile ! neighb\r+ seas ab\nd 9 seals1 torsk1 & h]r+s4 ,! n>:al-fi%]y is also c>ri$ on1 & has its /range & excit+ features4 ,! implem5t us$ is simply a ?ree-prong$ h>poon1 l a trid5t1 ) :i* ! fi%]man /rikes at ! fi% z !y rise to ! surface2 & 8 dext]ity & coolness are s great t he seldom misses 8 aim4 ,num]\s works1 9 ,engli%1 h be5 writt5 ^u ,icel& & ! ,icel&]s2 ! mo/ tru/wor?y are ^? by ,dr4 ,h5d]son1 ,pr(essor ,=bes1 ,holl&1 ,*amb]s1 & ,"l ,duff]94 ,! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k visit$ ,icel& 9 #ahgd4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,eskimos4 ,! l& ( ! ,eskimos is ( v wide ext5t4 ,f ,gre5l& & ,labrador !y range ov] all ! coa/s ( ,arctic ,am]ica to ! extreme nor?-ea/]n po9t ( ,asia4 ,sev]al ( ! ,eskimo tribes are indep5d5t2 o!rs ackn[l$ge ! rule ( ,great ,brita91 ,d5m>k1 ,russia1 & m rec5tly ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! :al] meets ) !m on ! %ores ( ,baff9 ,bay1 & 9 ! icy sea beyond ,behr+ ,/raits2 ! explor] has track$ !m z f> z ,smi? ,s\nd1 ! highway to ! ,nor? ,pole2 & :ile !y desc5d z l[ z ! latitude ( ,vi5na1 !y rove z f> nor? z ! #ha/ & #hbnd p>allels4 ,!y are ! aborig9es ( ! des]ts ( ice & sn[1 ! anci5t ma/]s ( ! ,arctic wild]ness1 & all ,pol> ,am]ica is _! long-ackn[l$g$ doma94 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t !y are nomadic 9 _! habits2 compell$ to migrate by ! conditions ( ! climate 9 :i* !y live1 & =c$ to seek _! scanty su/5ance 9 a new locality :5 !y h exhau/$ ! capabilities ( any *os5 habitat4 ,z ,mr4 ,m>kham tells u1 traces ( =m] inhabitants are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! gloomie/ wa/es ( ! ,arctic regions1 9 /]ile & sil5t tracts :]e n[ only solitude prevails4 ,^! wilds1 x is kn[n1 h be5 un9habit$ = c5turies2 yet !y are cov]$ ) memorials ( w&]]s or ( soj\rn]s ( a bygone age4 ,"h & !re1 9 ,gre5l&1 9 ,boo?ia1 on ! ,am]ican coa/1 :]e life is possible1 ! desc5dants ( =m] nomads are /ill to be f\nd4 ,arctic discov]y1 z yet1 has /opp$ %ort at ab\t #hb on ! we/ coa/1 & #gf on ! ea/1 ( ,gre5l&4 ,^! two po9ts are ab\t six hundr$ miles ap>t4 ,!re h be5 inhabitants at bo? po9ts1 ?\gh !y are sep>at$ by an un9habitable int]val f ! settlem5ts fur!r s\?2 we may conclude1 !n1 t ! t]ra incognita fur!r nor? is also or has be5 inhabit$4 ,9 #ahah x 0 discov]$ t a small tribe ( ,eskimos inhabit$ ! bleak we/ coa/ ( ,gre5l& betwe5 #gf & #gi ,n4 ,!y c\ld n p5etrate to ! s\? on acc\nt ( ! glaci]s ( ,melville ,bay2 !y c\ld n p5etrate to ! nor?1 because all progress 9 t direction is =bidd5 by ! great ,humboldt glaci]2 :ile ! huge int]ior glaci] ( ! ,s]nik-sook p5t !m 9 ^u ! n>r[ belt ( ! sea-coa/4 ,^! s-call$ 8,arctic ,highl&]s0 numb] ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty s\ls1 & ?r\gh\t ! w9t] _! prec>i\s livelihood dep5ds on ! fi% !y cat* 9 ! op5 pools & wat]-ways4 ,"u simil> conditions1 x is probable t ,eskimo tribes may be exi/+ /ill fur!r nor?2 or if1 z geograph]s suppose1 an op5 sea really surr\nds ! ,pole1 & a w>m] atmosph]e prevails1 ! conditions ( _! exi/5ce w necess>ily be m fav\rable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e we come to speak ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,eskimos1 we mu/ briefly notice ! ,dani% settlem5ts 9 ,gre5l&1 :i* are gradually attract+ no inconsid]able numb] ( !m )9 ! b\nds ( civilization4 ,^! are dott$ along ! coa/1 l s _m c5tres ( light & life2 b ! mo/ important1 f a comm]cial po9t ( view1 are ,up]navik1 ,jacob%av'n1 & ,godhav'n4 ,up]navik is ! *ief t[n ( a di/rict :i* ext5ds f ! #gj? to ! #gd? degree ( nor? latitude1 & enjoys ! di/9ction ( be+ ! mo/ nor!rly civiliz$ region 9 ! _w4 ,its nor!rn b\nd>y repres5ts ! fur!/ advance ( civilization 9 its long w>f>e aga9/ ! ,arctic climate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,up]navik1 ,,gre5l&4 ,! t[n ( ,up]navik is situat$ on ! summit ( a mossy hill :i* slopes to ! head ( a small b %elt]$ h>b\r4 ,x conta9s a gov]nm5t-h\se1 pla/]$ ) pit* & t>2 a %op or two2 lodg+-h\ses = ! ,dani% (ficials2 "s timb] huts1 inhabit$ by ,danes2 & a numb] ( huts ( /one & turf1 int]m+l$ ) seal-sk9 t5ts1 :i* accommodate ! natives4 ,its pr9cipal evid5ces ( civilization are its neat little *ur* & p>sonage4 ,! inhabitants are *iefly occupi$ 9 fi%+ & hunt+1 & 9 ! manufacture ( suitable clo?+ = ! protection ( ! human frame aga9/ ! w9t] cold4 ,re9de]1 seal1 & dog sk9s are deftly conv]t$ into hoods1 jackets1 tr\s]s1 & boots4 ,! la/-nam$ are triumphs ( +5uity4 ,!y are made ( seal-sk91 :i* has be5 tann$ by alt]nate freez+ & ?aw+2 are sew$ ) s9ew1 & 8crimp$0 & fitt$ to ! foot ) equal ta/e & skill4 ,dr4 ,hayes in=ms u t ! ,gre5l& wom51 n exempt f ! love ( f9]y *>act]i/ic ( _! sex1 trim _! own boots 9 a p]fectly bewit*+ mann]1 & adopt ! gaye/ ( col\rs4 ,r$ boots1 or :ite1 trimm$ ) r$1 he says1 seem$ mo/ g5]ally worn1 ?\gh !re 0 no m limit to ! v>iety ?an to ! caprici\sness ( ! fancy :i* sugge/$ x4 ,& x w\ld be difficult to imag9e a m grotesque spectacle ?an is pres5t$ by ! cr[d ( r$1 & yell[1 & :ite1 & purple1 & blue-legg$ wom5 :o cr[d ! bea* :5ev] a /range %ip ent]s ! h>b\r4 ,! population ( ,up]navik numb]s n[ ab\t two hundr$ & fifty s\ls2 compris+ "s =ty or fifty ,danes1 a l>g] numb] ( half-bre$s1 ! rema9d] be+ native ,gre5l&]s1--t is1 ,eskimos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,disco ,,isl&1 ,,gre5l&4 ,9 describ+ "o ,dani% settlem5t we describe all1 = !y pres5t exactly ! same *>act]i/ics1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m be+ only a "q ( population4 ,illu/ration3 ,,godhav',n1 ,,disko ,,isl&1 ,,gre5l&4 ,jacob%av'n & ,godhav'n are situat$ on ! isl& ( ,disko1 :i* is sep>at$ f ! we/ coa/ ( ,gre5l& by ,weygat ,/rait1 & has be5 describ$ z "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable localities 9 ! ,arctic ,_w4 ,! tradition runs t x 0 translat$ f a s\!rn region to its pres5t position by a pot5t sorc]]2 & an enorm\s hole 9 ! rock is po9t$ out z ! gully ?r\gh :i* he pass$ 8 rope4 ,x is a l(ty isl&1 & its coa/ is belt$ r\nd by high trap cliffs1 ( ! mo/ impos+ aspect4 ,ne> its s\?-we/ extremity1 9 lat4 #fi ,s41 a l[ rugg$ spur or tongue ( granite projects into ! sea = ab\t a mile & a half1--a p59sula at l[ wat]1 & an isl& at high wat]1--& =ms ! snug little recess ( ,godhav'n1 or ,good ,h>b\r4 ,to ! nor? ( ! bay1 9 face ( rocky cliffs1 :i* rise p]p5dicul>ly f ! sea to a height ( #bjjj feet1 lies ! t[n ( ! same "n1 :i* our ,engli% :al]s "k z ,lievely1 probably a corruption ( ! adjective lively2 = ! t9y colony is ! metropolis ( ,nor!rn ,gre5l&2 & s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury has be5 ! fav\rite r5dezv\s ( ! fi%+ fleets & exp$itions ( discov]y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fur!r to ! nor? lies ,jacob%av'n1 :i* possesses a celebrity ( its own z "o ( ! mo/ anci5t ( ! ,moravian mission-/ations 9 ! nor? ( ,gre5l&4 ,besides a *ur*1 x boa/s ( a college = ! education & tra9+ ( natives :o desire to be ( s]vice to _! fell[-c\ntrym5 9 ! capacity ( cate*i/s or tea*]s4 ,s great has be5 ! indu/ry1 & s well des]v$ is ! influ5ce ( ! mission>ies1 t x is difficult n[ to f9d an ,eskimo woman 9 ?is "p ( ,gre5l& :o _c read & write4 ,prior to ! ,dani% colonisation ( ,gre5l&1 ! language ( ! natives 0 exclusively oral4 ,only ?r\gh ! m$ium ( spee* c\ld !y repres5t _! simple/ ideas2 & ! picture-writ+ ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians 0 beyond _! skill4 ,b ! mission>ies h rais$ ! ,eskimo tongue into ! rank ( writt5 languages4 ,at ,god?aab a pr9t+-press is 9 full op]ation1 & has already produc$ "s v int]e/+ hi/orical n>ratives & ,eskimo traditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dani% ,,settlem5t ,,( ,,jacob%av',n1 ,,gre5l&4 ,z is ! case ) all ! ,gre5l& colonies1 ,jacob%av'n owes its prosp]ity to ! seal-fi%+4 ,moreov]1 ! ,gre5l&1 or 8"r0 :ale1 9 its annual migrations s\?w>d1 ent]s ! neighb\r+ wat]s dur+ ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 & furni%es employm5t to ! fi%+ population4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,jacob%av'n an enorm\s glaci]1 "o ( ! (f%oots ( ! great c5tral m] de glace ( ,gre5l&1 f9ds its way to ! sea4 ,yet ! temp]ature is said to be mild] ?an at ,godhav'n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ rem>ks apply1 ( c\rse1 to ^? ,eskimos :o /ill lead a nomadic life1 & h pr(it$ little or no?+ by ! ,*ri/ian civilization ( ! ,dani% settlem5ts & ,moravian missions4 ,among !mselves ! ,eskimos are kn[n z ,inuits1 or 8m520 ! seam5 ( ! ,hudson ,bay %ips h long be5 accu/om$ to call !m ,seymos or ,suckemos--names d]iv$ f ! cries ( ,seymo or ,teymo ) :i* !y hail ! arrival ( ! trad]s2 :ile ! old ,norsem5 designat$ !m1 9 allusion to _! discordant %\ts1 or by way ( express+ _! inf9ite contempt1 ,skrael+]s1 8scream]s0 or 8wret*es40 ,! ,european feels impell$ to pity ! h>d fate :i* condemns !m to inhabit "o ( ! dre>ie/ & mo/ inhospitable regions ( ! globe1 :]e only a few mosses & li*5s1 or plants sc>cely high] 9 ! scale ( creation1 c ma9ta9 a /ruggl+ exi/5ce2 :]e l& animals & birds are few 9 numb]2 & :]e human life w\ld be impossible b = ! provision :i* ! ocean wat]s s abundantly supply4 ,z !y live 9 a great degree ^u fi% & ! cetaceans1 !y dwell almo/ always ne> ! coa/1 & nev] p5etrate inl& to any consid]able di/ance4 ,9 ! ea/ ! ,eskimos1 = sev]al c5turies1 h be5 subject$ to ! civiliz+ influ5ces ( ! ,engli% & ! ,dut*2 9 ! we/1 !y h long be5 "u ! iron rule ( ! ,muscovite4 ,9 ! nor? & ! c5tre _! int]c\rse ) ,europeans has always be5 casual & inconsid]able4 ,x w !re=e be und]/ood t ! diff]5t bran*es ( ?is wide-spread race mu/ necess>ily exhibit "s div]sity ( "*1 & t ! same description ( mann]s & mode ( life w n 9 all po9ts apply ) equal accuracy to ! savage & hea!n ,eskimos ( ! extreme nor!rn %ores & isl&s1 ! ,greek ,ca?olic ,alets1 ! fai?ful s]vants ( ! ,hudson ,bay ,company1 & ! disciples ( ! ,moravian ,bre?r5 9 ,labrador or ,gre5l&4 ,yet ! diff]5ces are by no means important1 & x may be d\bt$ :e!r any o!r race1 liv+ "u su* peculi> conditions1 & ext5d+ ov] s va/ an area1 c %[ s few & su* inconsid]able specific v>ieties4 ,:5 "o ?9ks ( an ,eskimo1 "o naturally calls up a c]ta9 image to "o's m9d3 t ( a man ( mod]ate /ature or "u m$ium size1 ) a broad flat face1 n>r[ tap]+ =ehead1 & n>r[ or m or less oblique eyes2 & ?is image or type w be f\nd to be realiz$ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,eskimo ,am]ica4 ,! ,eskimo1 g5]ally speak+1 w\ld seem to h sprung f a ,mongol /ock2 at all ev5ts1 he c claim no k9%ip ) ! ,r$ ,indians4 ,happily = ,europeans1 if inf]ior to ! latt] 9 physical qualities1 he is sup]ior 9 g5]osity & amiability ( disposition4 ,! ,eskimos are sometimes spok5 ( z if !y 7 dw>fs or ,lilliputians1 b su* is n ! case4 ,!y are %ort] ?an ! av]age ,fr5*man or ,engli%man1 b individuals measur+ f five feet t5 in*es to six feet h be5 f\nd 9 ,camd5 ,bay4 ,dr4 ,kane speaks ( ,eskimos 9 ,smi? ,/rait :o 7 fully a foot tall] ?an himself4 ,x is true ( ! females1 h[ev]1 t !y are comp>atively little4 ,! ,eskimos are a /alw>t1 broad-%\ld]$ race1 consid]ably /rong] ?an any o!r ( ! races ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,9 bo? sexes ! h&s & feet are small & well-%ap$4 ,_! muscles are /rongly develop$1 ow+ to con/ant ex]cise 9 hunt+ ! seal & ! walrus4 ,!y are also p[]ful wre/l]s1 & on no unequal t]ms c\ld compete ) ! a?letic celebrities ( ,devon & ,cornwall4 ,_! physiognomy1 not)/&+ its lack ( beauty1 is f> f displeas+2 its expression is *e]ful & good-temp]$1 & ! long w9t] night does n seem to sadd5 _! spirits or oppress _! en]gies4 ,! females are well made1 & ?\gh n h&some1 are sc>cely to be /igmatiz$ z ugly4 ,_! tee? are v :ite & regul>2 & _! complexion is w>m1 cle>1 & good4 ,x is true t x _c be se5 to advantage1 ow+ to ! lay]s ( dirt by :i* x is obscur$2 b x is n mu* d>k] ?an a d>k brunette1 & z = ! dirt--well1 p]haps1 x is pref]able to cosmetics6 ,ev5 9 ! ,arctic ,_w1 woman seems consci\s ( ! influ5ce ( h] *>ms1 & man seems will+ to recognize x4 ,!y plait _! black & glossy hair--^! ,eskimo beauties6--) mu* c>e & ta/e2 & !y tattoo _! =ehead1 *eeks1 & *9 ) a few curv$ l9es1 :i* produce a n altoge!r unpleasant effect4 ,f ,behr+ ,/raits ea/w>d1 z f> z ! riv] ,mack5zie1 ! males pi]ce ! l[] lip ne> ea* angle ( ! m\?1 9 ord] to susp5d to x ornam5ts ( blue or gre5 qu>tz1 or ( ivory1 %ap$ l buttons4 ,"s ins]t a small ivory quill or d5talium %ell 9 ! c>tilage ( ! nose4 ,!y decorate !mselves1 moreov]1 ) /r+s ( glass beads2 or :5 & :]e ^! _c be obta9$1 ) /r+s ( ! tee? ( ! musk-ox1 wolf1 or fox2 hang+ !m to ! tail ( ! jacket1 or tw9+ !m r\nd ! wai/ l a girdle4 ,! influ5ce ( climate ^u dress is a subject :i* we comm5d to ! notice ( art-critics & /hetic philosoph]s4 ,)9 ! ,arctic ,circle ! problem to be solv$ is1 h[ to obta9 ! greate/ am\nt ( protection = ! p]son1 )\t r5d]+ ! co/ume too heavy or cumbr\s2 & ! ,eskimos h succe$$ 9 solv+ x satisfactorily4 ,!y c defy ! rig\r ( ! ,arctic w9t]1 its extreme cold1 its sev]e/ gales1 & pursue _! avocations 9 ! op5 air ev5 9 ! dre>9ess ( ! e>ly w9t] twilight1 s clev]ly adapt$ is _! g>b to ! conditions "u :i* !y live4 ,_! boots1 made ( seal-sk91 & l9$ ) ! d[ny sk9s ( birds1 are ?or\ghly wat]pro(2 _! gloves are l>ge1 b def5d ! h&s f fro/-bite3 !y we> two pair ( bree*es1 made ( re9de] or seal-sk91 ( :i* ! "u pair has ! close1 w>m1 /imulat+ hair close to ! fle%2 & two jackets1 ( :i* ! upp] "o is provid$ ) a l>ge hood1 completely envelop+ ! head & face1 all b ! eyes4 ,! wom5 are simil>ly attir$1 except t _! out] jacket is a little long]1 & ! hood1 9 :i* !y c>ry _! *ildr51 consid]ably l>g]2 & t1 9 summ]1 !y sub/itute = ! sk9-jacket a wat]-tight %irt1 or kamleika1 made ( ! entrails ( ! seal or walrus4 ,!y sew _! boots s tightly z to r5d] !m imp]vi\s to moi/ure1 & s neatly t !y may almo/ be includ$ 9 ! category ( works ( art4 ,9 ,labrador ! wom5 c>ry _! infants 9 _! boots1 :i* h a long po9t$ flap 9 front = ! purpose4 ,9 a prec$+ *apt] we h spok5 incid5tally ( ! ,eskimo huts4 ,^!1 l ! ,eskimo dress1 are admirably adapt$ to ! circum/ances ( ! c\ntry & ! nature ( ! climate4 ,! mat]ials us$ are ei!r froz5 sn[1 e>?1 /ones1 or drift-wood4 ,! sn[-hut is a dome-%ap$ edifice1 con/ruct$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,fir/1 ! build]s trace a circle on ! smoo? level surface ( ! sn[1 & ! sn[ ga!r$ )9 ! area ?us def9$ is cut into slabs1 & us$ = build+ ! walls1 leav+ ! ice und]nea? to s]ve z ! floor+4 ,! crevices betwe5 ! slabs1 & any accid5tal fissures1 are clos$ up by ?r[+ a few %ovelfuls ( loose sn[ ov] ! build+4 ,two m5 are g5]ally engag$ 9 ! "w2 & :5 ! dome is complet$1 ! "o )9 cuts a l[ door1 ?r\gh :i* he creeps4 ,z ! walls are n m ?an ?ree or f\r in*es ?ick1 !y admit a s(t subdu$ light into ! int]ior1 b a w9d[ ( transp>5t ice is g5]ally add$4 ,n only ! hut1 b ! furniture inside x1 is made ( sn[2 sn[ seats1 sn[ tables1 sn[ c\*es--! latt] r5d]$ com=table by cov]+s ( sk9s4 ,to exclude ! cold out] air1 ! entrance is protect$ by an ante*amb] & a por*2 & = ! purposes ( int]communication1 cov]$ passages are c>ri$ f "o hut to ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,an ,,eskimo ,,hut4 ,! rapidity ) :i* ^! sn[-huts are rais$ is q surpris+1 & c]ta9ly af=ds a vivid illu/ration ( ! old say+ t 8practice br+s p]fection40 ,capta9 ,m',cl9tock = a few nails hir$ f\r ,eskimos to erect a hut = 8 %ip's crew2 & ?\gh x 0 tw5ty-f\r feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & five & a half feet 9 height1 x 0 erect$ 9 a s+le day4 ,mu* +5uity is frequ5tly display$ 9 _! con/ruction4 ,dr4 ,scoresby1 9 #ahbd1 f\nd "s des]t$ huts on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,gre5l&1 :i* %[$ no little con/ructive skill on ! "p ( _! build]s4 ,a horizontal tunnel1 ab\t fifte5 feet 9 l5g?1 & s l[ t a p]son ent]+ x 0 compell$ to crawl on 8 h&s & knees1 op5$ ) "o end to ! s\?1 :ile ! o!r end t]m9at$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! hut4 ,?is rose b slightly above ! surface ( ! e>?1 & be+ g5]ally ov]gr[n ) moss or grass1 c\ld sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! neighb\r+ soil4 ,x resembl$1 inde$1 a l>ge ant-hill1 or ! "w ( a mammo? mole6 ,9 "s cases ! floor ( ! tunnel 0 on a level ) t ( ! hut2 b m frequ5tly x slant$ d[nw>ds & upw>ds1 s t ! cold]1 & consequ5tly heavi]1 atmosph]ic air 0 /ill m completely prev5t$ f mix+ too quickly ) ! w>m] air )94 ,! o!r arrangem5ts exhibit$ ! same +5uity 9 provid+ aga9/ ! inconv5i5ces ( a rigor\s climate4 ,f ! huts ( ! ,eskimos we pass to _! boats4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eskimo ,,kayak4 ,! kayak or baid> is z good 9 its way z ! light & swift canoe ( ! ,polynesian isl&]s4 ,x consi/s ( a n>r[1 long1 & light wood5 framework1 cov]$ wat]-tight ) seal-sk91 ) a c5tral ap]ture = ! body ( ! r[]4 ,sometimes ! frame is made ( seal or walrus bone4 ,! ,eskimo takes 8 seat 9 8 buoyant craft1 ) legs out/ret*$1 & b9ds a sack--:i* is made f ! inte/9es ( ! :ale1 or ! sk9s ( "y seals--s tightly r\nd 8 wai/1 t ev5 9 a roll+ sea ! boat rema9s wat]-tight4 ,dext]\sly & rapidly us+ 8 paddle1 ) 8 spe> or h>poon be=e him1 & pres]v+ 8 equilibrium ) m>vell\s /ead9ess1 he d>ts ov] ! waves l an arr[2 & ev5 if upset1 spe$ily rights himself & 8 buoyant skiff4 ,! oomiak1 or woman's boat1 consi/s 9 l mann] ( a framework cov]$ ) seal-sk9s2 b x is l>ge en\gh to accommodate t5 or twelve p1 ) b5*es = ! wom5 :o r[ or paddle4 ,! ma/ supports a triangul> sail1 made ( ! entrails ( seals1 & easily di/5d$ by ! w9d4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t a simil> degree ( inv5tive & executive skill is display$ by ! ,eskimos 9 _! spe>s & h>poons1 _! fi%+ & hunt+ implem5ts4 ,_! o>s are ta/efully inlaid ) walrus tee?2 !y h sev]al k9ds ( spe>s or d>ts1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! animal !y int5d to hunt2 & _! b[s1 ) /r+s ( seal-gut1 are s /rong & ela/ic z to drive a six-foot arr[ a really consid]able di/ance4 ,! h>poons & spe>s us$ 9 kill+ :ales or seals h long %afts ( wood or bone1 & ! b>b$ po9t is s con/ruct$ t1 :5 lodg$ 9 ! body ( an animal1 x rema9s imb$d$1 :ile ! %aft atta*$ to x by a /r+ is loos5$ f ! socket1 & acts z a buoy4 ,seal-sk9s fill$ ) air1 l bladd]s1 are also employ$ z buoys = ! :ale-spe>s1 be+ /ripp$ f ! animal ) su* address t all ! natural ap]tures are easily made air-tight4 ,fi%-hooks1 knives1 & spe> or h>poon heads1 ! ,eskimos make ( ! horns & bones ( ! de]4 ,9 con/ruct+ _! sl$ges1 & ro(+ _! huts1 !y h rec\rse to ! ribs ( ! :ale1 :5 drift-wood is n available4 ,/rips ( seal-sk9 hide are a capital sub/itute = cordage1 & cords = nets & b[-/r+s are manipulat$ f ! s9ews ( musk-ox5 & de]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eskimo ,,oomiak4 ,a /range & deadly antagonism prevails betwe5 ! ,eskimos & ! ,r$ ,indians4 ,on ! "p ( ! latt] x w\ld seem to orig9ate 9 jeal\sy1 = ! ,eskimos are sup]ior 9 skill1 social habits1 g5]al intellig5ce1 p]sonal c\rage1 & /r5g?2 on ! "p ( ! =m]1 9 ! necessity = self-def5ce & ! provocations !y h receiv$ f a sangu9>y enemy4 ,h5ce1 ! ,indians inhabit+ ! bord]s ( ! ,pol> ,_w seek e opportunity ( surpris+ & massacr+ ! in(f5sive ,eskimos4 ,he>ne relates t1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 exp$ition to ! ,copp]m9e ,riv]1 ! ,indians :o accompani$ him obta9$ in=mation t a p>ty ( ,eskimos _h rais$ _! summ] huts ne> ! riv]-m\?4 ,9 spite ( 8 g5]\s ef=ts1 !y resolv$ on de/roy+ ! peaceful settlem5t4 ,/eal?ily !y made _! approa*1 & :5 ! midnight sun t\*$ ! horizon1 !y swoop$ d[n1 ) a frightful yell1 on _! un=tunate victims1 n "o ( :om escap$4 ,) t love ( torture :i* seems inh]5t 9 ! ,r$ ,indian1 !y did _! utmo/ to int5sify & prolong ! agonies ( ! suff]]s2 & "o ag$ woman _h bo? h] eyes torn out be=e %e receiv$ h] dea?-bl[4 ,! sc5e :]e ?is cruel slaught] took place is kn[n to ?is day z ! 8,bloody ,falls40 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,kane supplies "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s ( a p>ty ( ,eskimos ) :om he became acqua9t$ dur+ 8 memorable exp$ition4 ,! intimacy began "u unfav\rable circum/ances1 = ?ree ( ! p>ty _h be5 detect$ 9 a sc&al\s !ft1 _h attempt$ to c>ry (f _! plund]1 7 pursu$1 ov]tak51 & puni%$4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 ,metek1 ! head man or *ief1 arriv$ on ! sc5e1 & a treaty ( peace 0 conclud$4 ,on ! "p ( ! ,inuit1 or ,eskimos1 x ran z foll[s3-- 8,we promise t we w n /eal4 ,we promise we w br+ y fre% meat4 ,we promise we w sell or l5d y dogs4 ,we w keep y company :5ev] y want u1 & %[ y :]e to f9d ! game40 ,on ! "p ( ! ,kablunah1 or :ite m51 x ran z foll[s3-- 8,we promise t we w n visit y ) dea? or sorc]y1 nor d y any hurt or mis*ief :atsoev]4 ,we w %oot = y on our hunts4 ,y %all be made welcome abo>d %ip4 ,we w give y pres5ts ( ne$les1 p9s1 two k9ds ( knife1 a hoop1 ?ree bits ( h>d wood1 "s fat1 an awl1 & "s sew+-?read2 & we w trade ) y ( ^! & ev]y?+ else y want = walrus & seal meat ( ! fir/ quality40 ,! treaty1 says ,dr4 ,kane1 0 n solemniz$ by an oa?2 b x 0 nev] brok54 ,! ,eskimo settlem5t at ,anatoak1 lat4 #gc ,n1 on ! %ore ( ,smi? ,/rait1 ne> ,cape ,+lefield1 seems to m]it description4 ,! hut or iglo 0 a s+le rude elliptical ap>tm5t1 built n unskilfully ( /one1 ! outside l9$ ) sods4 ,at its fur!r end1 a rude plat=m1 also ( /one1 0 rais$ ab\t a foot above ! ent]+ floor4 ,! ro( 0 irregul>ly curv$4 ,x 0 compos$ ( flat /ones1 rem>kably l>ge & heavy1 arrang$ s z to ov]lap ea* o!r1 b app>5tly )\t any intellig5t application ( ! pr9ciple ( ! ar*4 ,! height ( ?is cave-l abode b>ely p]mitt$ "o to sit upright4 ,its l5g? 0 eight feet1 its bread? sev5 feet1 & an expansion ( ! tunnell$ entrance made an app5dage ( p]haps two feet m4 ,! true w9t]-entrance is call$ ! tossut4 ,x is a wall$ tunnel1 t5 feet long1 & s n>r[ t a man c h>dly crawl along x4 ,x op5s outside bel[ ! level ( ! iglo1 into :i* x leads by a gradual asc5t4 ,?us ! read] w see t ! hut at ,anatoak 0 con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciples z ! huts discov]$ by ,dr4 ,scoresby4 ,"t _h done its "w1 says ,dr4 ,kane1 on ! iglo ( ,anatoak1 z among ! palatial /ructures ( m s\!rn des]ts4 ,! entire front ( ! dome _h fall5 91 clos+ up ! tossut1 or tunnel1 & =c+ visitors & resid5ts to ent] at ! solit>y w9d[ above x4 ,! brea* 0 wide en\gh to admit a sl$ge-team2 b ! ,eskimos %[$ no anxiety to close x up4 ,_! clo!s saturat$ ) ! freez+ wat] ( ! floes1 ^! m5 ( iron ga!r$ r\nd a fire ( hiss+ & fl>+ :ale's blubb]1 & /eam$ away 9 app>5t com=t4 ,! only dep>ture f _! usual r\t9e 0 sugge/$ probably by ! op5 ro( & ! bleakness ( ! night2 & !re=e !y refra9$ f /ripp+ !mselves nak$ be=e com+ into ! hut1 & hang+ up _! dripp+ ve/m5ts to dry1 l a votive (f]+ to ! god ( ! sea4 ,_! kit*5 implem5ts 7 rem>kable = simplicity4 8,a rude sauc]-%ap$ cup ( seal-sk91 to ga!r & hold wat] 91 0 ! solit>y ut5sil t c\ld be dignifi$ z table-furniture4 ,a flat /one1 a fixture ( ! hut1 support$ by o!r /ones j above ! %\ld]-blade ( a walrus1--! /one slightly incl9$1 ! cavity ( ! bone l>ge en\gh to hold a moss-wick & "s blubb]2 a squ>e block ( sn[ 0 plac$ on ! /one1 &1 z ! hot smoke circl$ r\nd x1 ! seal-sk9 sauc] caught ! wat] t dripp$ f ! edge4 ,!y _h no vessel = boil+2 :at !y did n eat raw !y bak$ ^u a hot /one4 ,a solit>y coil ( walrus-l9e1 fa/5$ to a movable lance-head 7noon-ghak71 ) ! well-worn & well-soak$ clo!s on _! backs1 complet$ ! inv5tory ( _! effects40 ,! ,eskimos ent]ta9$ ,dr4 ,kane & 8 companions ) a *oral p]=mance1 s++ _! rude1 monoton\s song ( 8,amna ,ayah0 till ! un=tunate :ite m5 7 almo/ madd5$ by ! discord4 ,!y improvis$1 moreov]1 a special *ant 9 _! hon\r1 :i* !y repeat$ ) great gravity ( utt]ance1 inv>iably conclud+ ) ! sonor\s & complim5t>y refra9 ( 8,nalegak6 nalegak6 nalegak-soak60--8,capta96 capta96 great capta960 ,! *ant ran z foll[s3-- ,illu/ration3 ,am-na-yah6 ,am-na-yah6 ,am-na-yah6 ,am-na-yah6 ,9 ! e>ly spr+ ! ,eskimos resume _! hunt+ exp$itions1 & _! sn[-cov]$ huts are trans=m$ into sc5es ( ! livelie/ activity4 ,/acks ( jo9t$ meat1 *iefly walrus1 are pil$ ^u ! ice-foot2 ! wom5 /ret* ! hide = sole-lea!r1 & ! m5 collect a /ore ( h>poon-l9es = ! w9t]4 ,tusky walrus heads />e at ! spectacle f ! sn[bank1 :]e !y are /[$ = _! ivory2 ! dogs are te!r$ to ! ice2 & ! *ildr51 ea* "o arm$ ) ! curv$ rib ( "s big walrus or seal1 play ball & bat among ! sn[-drifts4 ,! quantity ( walrus meat :i* ! ,eskimos accumulate dur+ a season ( pl5ty %\ld c]ta9ly raise !m above all risk ( w9t] want2 b o!r causes ?an improvid5ce r5d] _! supplies scanty4 ,!y are nev] idle2 !y hunt incessantly )\t ! loss ( a day4 ,:5 ! /orms prev5t ! use ( ! sl$ge1 !y occupy !mselves 9 /[+ away ! spoils ( previ\s hunts4 ,= ?is purpose !y dig a pit ei!r on ! ma9l&1 or1 :i* is pref]r$1 on an isl& inaccessible to foxes1 & ! jo9t$ meat is /ack$ inside1 & cov]$ ) heavy /ones4 ,! true explanation ( ! sc>city f :i* ^! p s frequ5tly suff] is ! excessive consumption 9 :i* !y indulge dur+ ! summ] season4 ,by _! anci5t laws all %>e 9 common2 & s9ce !y migrate 9 numb]s :5 _! necessities press !m1 ! tax on ea* sep>ate settlem5t is excessive4 ,! quantity :i* ! memb]s ( a family consume seems excessive to a /rang]2 yet x is n ! result ( inconsid]ate gluttony1 b due to _! peculi>ities ( life & organization4 ,9 active ex]cise1 & "u ! influ5ce ( exposure to a sev]e temp]ature1 ! wa/e ( c>bon mu/ be enorm\s4 ,:5 9-doors1 & at re/1 engag$ ^u _! ivory h>ness-r+s1 f[l-nets1 or o!r h\sehold ge>1 !y eat1 z _m eat 9 m civiliz$ l&s1 = m]e animal enjoym5t1 & to pass away ! "t4 ,b :5 engag$ 9 ! *ase1 !y take b "o meal a day1 & t n until ! day's lab\r is end$4 ,!y g out ^u ! ice )\t breakfa/1 & seldom eat any?+ until _! return4 ,dr4 ,kane e/imates ! av]age ration ( an ,eskimo 9 a season ( pl5ty at eight to t5 p\nds ( meat a day1 ) s\p & wat] to ! ext5t ( half a gallon4 ,su* an all[ance might almo/ h satisfi$ ! appetite ( ,g>gantua6 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,hayes1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 adv5tur\s ,arctic boat-j\rney1 held mu* int]c\rse ) ! ,eskimos1 & 8 impressions1 on ! :ole1 w\ld seem to h be5 highly fav\rable4 ,8 sket* ( a c\ple :om he met 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,eskimo colony ( ,netlik is v amus+4 ,he describes !m z a mo/ unhuman-look+ pair4 ,ev]y?+ on & ab\t !m told ( ! battle !y f\ght s gallantly & pati5tly ) ! elem5ts4 ,f head to foot !y 7 inve/$ 9 a coat ( ice & sn[4 ,%apeless lumps ( :it5ess1 !y resembl$ ! sn[-k+s or /atues :i* boys delight 9 mak+1 except t !y possess$ ! faculty ( motion4 ,_! long1 heavy fox-sk9 coats1 rea*+ ne>ly to ! knees1 & surm\nt$ by a hood1 cov]+1 l a r\nd lump1 all ( ! head b ! face1 ! be>-sk9 pantaloons & boots & mitt5s 7 saturat$ ) sn[4 ,_! long1 black hair1 :i* fell f b5ea? _! hoods ov] _! eyes & *eeks1 _! eyela%es1 ! few hairs gr[+ ^u _! *9s1 ! rim ( fur ar\nd _! faces1 all glitt]$ ) :ite fro/--! froz5 moi/ure ( _! brea?4 ,ea* c>ri$ 9 8 "r h& a :ip1 & 9 8 left a lump ( froz5 meat & blubb]4 ,! meat !y flung d[n on ! floor ( ,dr4 ,hayes' hut2 !n1 )\t paus+ = an invitation1 !y ?ru/ _! :ip/ocks "u ! raft]s1 & dive/+ !mselves ( _! mitt5s & out] g>m5ts1 hung !m !reon4 ,und]nea? _! fro/y coats !y wore a w>m1 close %irt ( bird-sk9s4 ,9 ! same bold explor]'s n>rative ( 8 voyage ( discov]y 9 #ahfj1 two o!r ,eskimos figure v conspicu\sly2 & "o ( ^!1 nam$ ,hans1 w\ld seem to h be5 a v fair type ( ! ,eskimo "*4 ,hans1 we may obs]ve1 _h orig9ally s]v$ 9 ,dr4 ,kane's exp$ition1 & _h !n ga9$ ! confid5ce ( ,dr4 ,hayes2 s t :5 ! latt] und]took 8 own memorable voyage1 he became anxi\s to secure ! ,eskimo's s]vices4 ,:5 8 %ip _h cross$ ,melville ,bay1 & lay 9 ! grim %ad[s ( ,cape ,york1 ,dr4 ,hayes be?\ght himself ( ! ,eskimo hunt]4 ,he rememb]$ to h he>d t ,hans _h fall5 9 love1 & tak5 a wife1 & repair$1 ) h] at 8 side1 to %>e ! =tunes ( ! wild ,eskimos :o inhabit ! remote nor!rn %ores ( ,baff9 ,bay4 ,b ,dr4 ,hayes felt confid5t t ! hunt]1 hav+ kn[n some?+ ( ! sup]ior com=t & happ9ess ( ! social life ( civilization1 w\ld soon we>y ( 8 volunt>y bani%m5t1 & ( ! p5ury & h>d%ips ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,eskimo nomads4 ,he made up 8 m9d t ,hans w\ld return to ,cape ,york1 & !re take up 8 resid5ce1 9 ! hope ( be+ pick$ up by "s pass+ %ip4 ,s ,dr4 ,hayes /ood close 9-%ore1 to f9d t 8 conjectures 7 completely realiz$4 ,z he sail$ along ! coa/ he discov]$ a gr\p ( human be+s eag]ly endeav\r+ by signs & ge/ures to attract att5tion4 ,heav+ ! s*oon] to1 he & 8 second 9 comm&1 ,mr4 ,s\ntag1 w5t a%ore 9 a boat1 & !re 0 ,hans6 ,! ,eskimo recogniz$ bo? ( !m imm$iately1 & call$ !m by "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dr4 ,,hayes ,,falls ,,9 ,,) ,,hans ,,! ,,hunt]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we may adopt ! rema9d] ( ,dr4 ,hayes' int]e/+ little episode1 because x illu/rates ! +ra9$ selfi%ness1 or self-conc5tration1 ( ! ,eskimo "*4 ,hans _h det]iorat$ greatly dur+ 8 resid5ce ) ! wild ,eskimos1 & he _h sunk to _! level ( fil?y ugl9ess4 ,he 0 accompani$ by 8 wife1 :o c>ri$ h] fir/-born 9 a hood ^u h] back2 8 wife's bro!r1 a quick-ey$ boy ( twelve ye>s2 & 8 wife's "m1 8an anci5t dame ) voluble & flippant tongue40 ,!y 7 all attir$ 9 ! usual ,eskimo dress ( sk9s2 objects ( int]e/ & curiosity1 b n 8?+s ( beauty40 ,hans l$ 8 visitors1 ov] r\gh rocks & ?r\gh deep drifts ( sn[1 to 8 rude hut1 :i* /ood on ! cold hill-top1 ab\t two hundr$ feet above ! sea-level4 ,an excell5t position = a 8look-out10 b z inconv5i5t = a hunt] z c well be imag9$4 ,"h he _h wat*$ & wait$ = _m a dre>y mon?2 survey+ ! sea day aft] day1 9 ! fa9t hope ( discov]+ "s ,european vessel4 ,b none came2 summ] pass$ into w9t]1 & w9t] l5g!n$ into summ]2 & /ill ,hans wat*$ & wait$1 ye>n+ aft] 8 s\!rn home & ! fri5ds ( 8 y\?4 ,8 t5t--= x 0 r a t5t ?an a hut--0 made ( seal-sk9s1 & its capacity 0 sc>cely suffici5t to accommodate 8 little family4 ,dr4 ,hayes ask$ him if he w\ld accompany ! exp$ition4 8,yes40 ,w\ld he take 8 wife & baby8 8,yes40 ,w\ld he g )\t !m8 8,yes40 ,?is la/ answ] reveals ! curi\s unimpressionabl5ess ( ! ,eskimo1 :o endures ) calmness1 nay1 ev5 ) indiff]5ce1 ^? p>t+s :i* try ! he>t/r+s ( ! ,european4 ,x is1 p]haps1 a result ( ! con/ant w>f>e he ma9ta9s aga9/ an uncong5ial & au/]e ,nature t he comes to reg>d himself z 8 fir/ & *ief1 z almo/ 8 only conc]n4 ,s long z 8 wife & *ildr5 surr\nd him1 he %[s no evid5t want ( affection2 b he has no objection to "p f !m1 if ! sep>ation w prove to 8 individual int]e/4 ,z ,dr4 ,hayes _h no leisure to exam9e critically into ! /ate ( 8 m9d1 & z he *]i%$ a conviction t ! p]man5t sep>ation ( husb& & wife 0 to be reg>d$ z a pa9ful ev5t1 he det]m9$ on giv+ ! ,eskimo "m ! b5efit ( ?is conv5tional suspicion4 ,bo? husb& & wife1 !re=e1 7 c>ri$ on bo>d ! s*oon]1 z well z _! baby1 _! t5t1 & all _! h\sehold goods4 ,! bright-ey$ boy & ! anci5t dame cri$ to accompany !m2 b ,dr4 ,hayes _h no fur!r room1 & 0 compell$ to leave !m to ! c>e ( _! tribe1 :o1 ab\t tw5ty 9 numb]1 _h discov]$ ! s*oon]1 & ) a m]ry %\t _h come across ! hill4 ,aft] be/[+ ^u !m "s useful gifts1 ,dr4 ,hayes return$ to 8 vessel4 ,he adds t ,hans 0 ! only unconc]n$ p]son 9 ! p>ty4 ,at a lat] p]iod ! ?\ght cross$ 8 comm&]'s m9d t he w\ld by no means h be5 displeas$ _h wife & *ild be5 left to ! *>ity ( _! savage k93 :ile ,dr4 ,hayes _h abundant reason1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp$ition1 to wi% t he _h left ! selfi% & indol5t ,eskimo to l+] 9 8 seal-sk9 t5t among ! hills & rocks ( ,cape ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! same travell] describes ! hunt+ equipm5t ( a p>ty ( ,eskimos sett+ out 9 pursuit ( be>s4 ,fir/1 ! dogs4 ,^! 7 picket$1 ea* team sep>ately1 on a conv5i5t area ( level gr\nd2 & on ! approa* ( ,dr4 ,hayes & 8 companions !y sprang up f ! knott$ heap1 9 :i* !y _h be5 ly+ ?r\gh ! night1 ) a wild1 fi]ce yell1 :i* di$ away into a l[ :9e & impati5t sn>l4 ,!y evid5tly 7 hungry1 & _! ma/]s seem$ desir\s ( fe$+ !m2 =1 go+ to _! sl$ges1 ea* "o br\ght up a flat piece ( some?+ :i* look$ s+ul>ly l plate-iron1 b1 ^u exam9ation1 0 f\nd to be walrus-hide1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick1 & froz5 int5sely h>d4 ,?r[+ x ^u ! sn[ a few feet 9 advance ( _! respective teams1 !y drew _! knives f _! capaci\s boots1 & attempt$ to cut up ! sk92 b its h>dness defi$ all _! ef=ts1 & ,dr4 ,hayes _h to fet* hat*et & saw be=e ! "w ( division c\ld be complet$4 ,dur+ ! few m9utes ?us occupi$1 ! dogs _h become almo/ frantic4 ,!y endeav\r$ to break loose2 pull+ on _! traces1 runn+ back & spr++ =w>d1 /ra9+ & *ok+ !mselves until _! eyes %ot fire1 & ! foam flew f _! m\?s4 ,! sight ( food _h /imulat$ _! wolfi% passions1 & !y seem$ ready to eat ea* o!r4 ,n a mom5t pass$ t two or m ( !m 7 n fly+ at ea* o!r's ?roats1 &1 grappl+ toge!r1 roll$1 & toss$1 & tumbl$ ov] ! sn[4 ,! ,eskimos look$ on app>5tly unconc]n$1 except :5 !re appe>$ a risk ( "o ( ! dogs be+ injur$1 & !n !y secur$ a tempor>y calm by utt]+ an angry nasal 8,ay6 ,ay60 ,:5 at l5g? ! food 0 ?r[n1 ! dogs utt]$ a gre$y scream1 :i* 0 foll[$ by a mom5t's sil5ce :ile ! pieces 7 fall+1 !n by a scuffle1 & ! h>d1 froz5 *unks _h vani%$4 ,h[ !y 7 swall[$1 or h[ !y 7 dige/$1 01 to ! spectator1 inexplicable6 ,en\gh to say t 8! jaws ( d>kness did dev\r !m up10 & calm in/antane\sly succe$$ to ! /orm4 ,! ,eskimo dog is ( m$ium size1 & squ>ely built2 9 fact1 he is a reclaim$ wolf1 & exhibits t v>iety ( col\r :i*1 aft] a few g5]ations1 g5]ally *>act]izes tame animals4 ,gray1 :i* is (t5 se51 0 probably at "o "t ! pr$om9at+ col\r4 ,"s ( ! dogs are black1 ) :ite brea/s2 "s are :olly :ite2 o!rs are r$di% or yell[i%2 b1 inde$1 almo/ e %ade may be se5 among/ !m4 ,_! sk9 is cov]$ ) a co>se1 compact fur1 & is mu* valu$ by ! natives = ! purposes ( clo?+4 ,9 ! =m ( ! animals ! v>iety is consid]able2 b ! g5]al *>act]s w\ld seem to be a po9t$ nose1 %ort e>s1 a c[>dly1 trea*]\s eye1 & a hang+ tail4 ,b exceptions occasionally occur1 & "o figures 9 ,dr4 ,hayes' n>rative "u ! "n ( ,toodlamik1 or1 m briefly1 ,toodla4 ,he diff]$ f 8 k9d 9 hav+ a m compact head1 a less po9t$ nose1 an eye d5ot+ affection & reliance1 & an erect1 bold1 fe>less c>riage4 ,dr4 ,hayes1 h[ev]1 expresses "s d\bt z to 8 purity ( blood4 ,f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! cruise he 0 ma/] ( all ! dogs t 7 br\ght to ! %ip4 ,9 ?is connection x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t 9 e pack "o dog inv>iably atta9s ! ma/]%ip ( ! :ole--a k9d ( major-g5]al%ip2 & 9 ea* team1 "o :o is ma/] ( 8 comrades1 a g5]al ( brigade4 ,once ma/]1 always ma/]2 b ! po/ ( hon\r is ga9$ at ! co/ ( _m a lame leg & gha/ly w\nd1 & is held only by do+ daily battle aga9/ all com]s4 ,^! c\ld easily ga9 ! asc5dancy 9 e case1 b = _! own petty jeal\sies1 :i* (t5 prev5t _! union = su* a purpose4 ,if a comb9ation1 h[ev]1 does happ5 to be br\ght ab\t1 & ! lead] is hopelessly beat51 he is nev] wor? any?+ aft]w>d2 8 _s is completely pro/rat$1 ! poor fell[ p9es away1 & dies at la/ ( a brok5 he>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eskimo ,,dogs4 ,toodla1 says ,dr4 ,hayes1 0 a "* 9 8 way4 ,he 0 a tyrant ( no mean pret5sion4 ,app>5tly he ?\ght x 8 special duty to attack e dog1 great or small1 t 0 add$ to ! pack3 if ! animal 0 a l>ge "o1 9 ord]1 probably1 t he might at once be =c$ to feel t he _h a ma/]2 if a small "o1 9 ord] t ! o!rs might hold him 9 ! great] awe4 ,x 0 sometimes q amus+ to see him set (f 9 pursuit ( a /range dog1 8 head erect1 8 tail curl$ gracefully ov] 8 back2 sl[ly & delib]ately he w5t /raight at 8 m>k1 ) ! confid5t1 defiant air ( "o :o recognizes ! p[] & importance ( 8 (fice4 ,leagues & conspiracies 7 n unfrequ5tly =m$ aga9/ him1 induc$1 no d\bt1 by a feel+ ( despair2 b he always succe$$ 9 ov]?r[+ !m1--n1 x is true1 )\t occasional assi/ance f 8)\t20 = ! sailors1 :o pett$ him greatly1 w\ld sometimes take 8 "p :5 ! /ruggle 0 manife/ly unequal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b we mu/ leave ! dogs1 & turn to ! sl$ge4 ,?is 01 9 v tru?1 an +5i\s specim5 ( native me*anical skill4 ,x 0 made :olly ( bone & lea!r4 ,! runn]s1 :i* 7 squ>e beh9d & r\nd$ upw>d 9 front1 & ab\t five feet long1 sev5 in*es high1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* ?ick1 7 slabs ( bone2 n solid1 b made up ( a numb] ( pieces ( v>i\s %apes & sizes1 dext]\sly fitt$ & tightly la%$ toge!r4 ,"s ( ^! 7 n l>g] ?an "o's two f+]s2 "s 7 ?ree or f\r in*es squ>e2 o!rs 7 z l>ge z "o's h&1 & triangul> 9 %ape2 o!rs1 aga91 7 sev]al in*es 9 l5g?1 & two or ?ree 9 bread?4 ,!y all fitt$ into _! sev]al places z exactly z ! blocks ( a ,*9ese puzzle4 ,ne> _! m>g9s ran r[s ( little holes1 & ?r\gh ^! /r+s ( seal-sk9 7 ins]t$1 by :i* ! blocks 7 fa/5$ toge!r1 until ! :ole 0 z firm z a bo>d4 ,! m>vel ( ! ?+ is t all ^! pieces are flatt5$ & cut into ! requir$ %ape1 n ) nicely contriv$ in/rum5ts & tools1 b ) /ones4 ,! lab\r mu/ be imm5se4 ,! gr9d+ ne$$ to make a s+le runn] mu/ be ! "w ( mon?s4 ,! con/ruction ( an entirely new sl$ge w\ld probably occupy ! lifetime ( a g5]ation2 & h5ce a vehicle ( ?is k9d becomes a family heirloom1 & is h&$ d[n f fa!r to son1 & son to gr&son1 & is con/antly und]go+ repair & re/oration2 a new piece "h1 ano!r !re1 until z little rema9s ( ! orig9al /ructure z ( ! sailor's old knife1 :5 x _h _h a new blade & a new h&le6 ,! orig9 ( "s ( ! ,eskimo sl$ges is lo/ 9 ! mi/s ( a remote antiquity4 ,! runn]s are usually %od ) ivory f ! tusk ( ! walrus4 ,! said ivory _h likewise be5 gr\nd flat1 & its corn]s made squ>e1 ) /ones2 & x 0 fa/5$ to ! runn] by a /r+ loop$ ?r\gh two c\nt]-sunk holes4 ,! pieces ( :i* x 0 compos$ 7 num]\s2 b ! surface 0 wond]fully uni=m1 & z smoo? z glass4 ,! runn]s /ood ab\t f\rte5 in*es ap>t1 & 7 fa/5$ toge!r by bones1 tightly la%$ to !m2 ! bones us$ be+ ! femur ( ! be>1 ! antl]s ( ! re9de]1 & ! ribs ( ! n>:al4 ,two walrus-ribs1 la%$ "o to ! aft]-end ( ea* runn]1 s]v$ z up/&]s1 & 7 brac$ by a piece ( re9de] antl]1 secur$ across ! top4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hav+ ?us dispos$ ( ! team & ! sl$ge1 we n[ come to ! equipm5t4 ,fir/1 "o ( ! ,eskimo hunt]s spread a piece ( seal-sk9 ov] ! sl$ge1 fa/5+ x securely by little /r+s atta*$ to its m>g94 ,on ?is he plac$ a small piece ( walrus-sk91 z a provision = ! dogs2 a piece ( blubb] = fuel2 & ( meat = 8 own lun*4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce he w\ld cook no food1 b he w\ld want wat]2 & !re=e he c>ri$ 8 kotluk1 or lamp--namely1 a small /one di%2 a lump ( mannek or dri$ moss1 design$ = ! wick2 & "s will[-blossoms 7na-ow9als7 = t9d]4 ,to ignite ! t9d]1 he _h a piece ( iron-/one & a small %>p fragm5t ( fl9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eskimo ,,sl$ge ,,& ,,team4 ,we may foll[ him on 8 r\te1 & asc]ta9 ! use he makes ( ^! appliances4 ,:5 he gr[s ?ir/y1 he halts2 scrapes away ! sn[ until he lays b>e ! solid ice b5ea?2 & pa9fully scoops 9 x a small cavity4 ,next1 he fet*es a block ( fre%-wat] ice f a neighb\r+ b]g1 lights 8 lamp1 &1 us+ ! blubb] = fuel1 proce$s to place ! block on ! edge ( ! cavity4 ,z x sl[ly ?aws1 ! wat] trickles d[n into ! hole2 & :5 ! ,eskimo ?9ks ! quantity collect$ is suffici5t to qu5* 8 ?ir/1 he removes ! rude app>atus1 &1 /oop+ d[n1 dr9ks ! soot-/a9$ fluid4 ,if he feels hungry1 he breaks (f a few *ips f 8 lump ( froz5 walrus-beef1 cuts a few slices f ! blubb]1 & enjoys 8 unsatisfactory meal4 ,! inhabitant ( ! ,arctic des]t kn[s no?+ ( epicurean ta/es2 & if he did1 he has no means ( gratify+ !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to return to ! equipm5t4 ,! hunt] c>ri$ ) him an extra pair ( boots1 ano!r ( dog-sk9 /ock+s1 & ano!r ( mitt5s1 to be us$ 9 case he %\ld be un=tunate en\gh to get on ?9 ice1 & ! ice %\ld break ?r\gh4 ,! entire equipm5t be+ plac$ ^u ! sl$ge1 he ?rew ov] !m a piece ( be>-sk91 :i* 0 d\bl$1 s t1 :5 op5$1 x w\ld be l>ge en\gh to wrap ab\t 8 body & protect x f ! sn[1 if he wi%$ to lie d[n & re/4 ,!n he drew =? a long l9e1 fa/5$ an end ( x ?r\gh a hole 9 ! =e "p ( "o ( ! runn]s1 ran x across diagonally to ! opposite runn]1 pass$ x ?r\gh a hole !re1 & s cont9u$1 to & fro1 f side to side1 until he rea*$ ! o!r end ( ! sl$ge4 ,!re he made fa/ ! l9e1 & ?us ! c>go 0 secur$ aga9/ all risk ( loss f an upset4 ,next he hung to "o up/&] a coil ( heavy l9e1 & to ! o!r a light] coil1 ty+ !m fa/ ) a small /r+4 ,! =m] 0 8 h>poon-l9e = cat*+ walrus2 ! latt]1 = cat*+ seal4 ,8 h>poon /aff 0 made f ! tusk ( ! n>:al2 measur$ five feet 9 l5g?1 & two in*es 9 diamet] at "o end1 tap]+ to a po9t at ! o!r4 ,all be+ ready1 ! team1 consi/+ ( sev5 dogs1 0 br\ght up4 ,! h>ness 0 ( a v primitive description4 ,x consi/$ ( two d\bl$ /rips ( be>-sk91 "o ( :i* 0 plac$ on ei!r side ( ! animal's body1 ! two be+ fa/5$ toge!r on ! top ( ! neck & at ! brea/1 s z to =m a coll>4 ,!nce !y pass$ inside ( ! dog's =e legs & up along 8 flanks to ! tail1 :]e ! f\r ends meet+ toge!r 7 atta*$ to a trace eighte5 feet 9 l5g?4 ,! trace 0 connect$ ) ! sl$ge by a l9e f\r feet long1 ( :i* "o end 0 atta*$ to ea* runn]4 ,& to ! middle ( ! l9e a /\t /r+ 0 fa/5$1 runn+-?r\gh bone r+s at ! ends ( ! traces1 & secur$ by a slip-knot1 easily unti$--an arrangem5t design$ ) ! view ( ensur+ safety 9 be>-hunt+4 ,! be> is hotly pursu$ until ! sl$ge arrives )9 ab\t fifty y>ds2 ! hunt] !n leans =w>d & slips ! knot2 ! dogs1 set loose f ! sl$ge1 quickly br+ ! brute to bay4 ,if ! knot gets f\l$1 s]i\s accid5ts are n unlikely to occur4 ,! hunt] va9ly endeav\rs to extricate x1 & be=e he c draw 8 knife to cut x--suppos+ he is =tunate en\gh to h su* an in/rum5t--man1 & dogs1 & sl$ge are all among ! be>'s legs1 9 a huddl$ & tangl$ heap1 & at ! m]cy ( ! enrag$ mon/]4 ,! dogs 7 cold1 & eag] to />t4 ,9 a mom5t !y 7 yok$ to ! sl$ge2 ! hunt] ) 8 "r h& ?rew out ! coils ( 8 long :ip-la%1 ) 8 left he seiz$ an up/&]1 & propell+ ! sl$ge a few paces1 he utt]$ at ! same mom5t ! %rill />t+-cry1 8,ka6 ka6--ka6 ka60 :i* s5t ! dogs 9 a b\nd to _! places1 & away !y da%$ ov] ! rugg$ ice4 ,! hunt] skilfully guid$ 8 sl$ge among ! hummocks1 mod]at+ ! impetuosity ( 8 team ) ! nasal 8,ay6 ay60 :i* !y p]fectly und]/&4 ,on rea*+ ! smoo? ice1 he dropp$ ^u ! sl$ge1 all[$ 8 :ip-la% to trail aft] him on ! sn[1 %\t$ 8,ka6 ka6--ka6 ka60 to 8 savage team1 & disappe>$ 9 z wild a gallop z ev] 0 tak5 by ! demon huntsman ( ,g]man leg5d6 99 99 99 99 99 ,x does n appe> t ! ,eskimos h magi/rates or laws1 yet ! utmo/ good ord] prevails 9 _! communities1 & qu>rels are r>e4 ,:5 ^! d occur1 "o or o!r ( ! dissatisfi$ p>ties collects 8 little /ore1 & migrates to a diff]5t settlem5t4 ,! con/itution ( _! society is rightly describ$ z patri>*al1 b ! rul] does n seem to be elect$3 he atta9s 8 po/ by prov+ 8 possession ( sup]ior /r5g?1 address1 & c\rage4 ,z soon z 8 physical p[]s give way1 or old age enfeebles 8 m9d1 he deposes himself1 takes 8 seat 9 ! oomiak1 or woman's boat1 & is relegat$ by common cons5t to female companion%ip4 ,l all savage tribes1 ! ,eskimos h _! my/]y-m51 or angekoks1 :o resort to ! usual deceptions to acquire & reta9 supremacy1 swall[+ knives1 resort+ to v5triloquial artifices1 & conv]s+ 9 a my/]i\s j>gon1 un9telligible to 8! common h]d40 ,!y pr(ess to hold int]c\rse ) c]ta9 pot5t spirits1 & to employ _! ag5cy 9 rew>d+ or puni%+ _! dupes2 & ev5 ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian mission>ies has h>dly root$ out ! belief 9 ! sup]/itions orig9at$ & fo/]$ by ^! m54 ,not)/&+ ! h>d conditions ( _! life1 & ! dre>9ess ( ! region :i* !y inhabit1 ! ,eskimos are a *e]ful p4 ,!y are ke5ly s5sible ( ! *>ms ( music1 ?\gh _! own vocalization is inconceivably melan*oly2 & !y are p>tial to _m rude pa/imes1 mo/ly ( a gymna/ic "*4 ,_! good nature has be5 prais$ by _m travell]s2 b !y %[ ! usual inhumanity ( ! savage t[>ds ! ag$ & infirm4 ,weakness is no title to ! sympa?y ( ! ,eskimo2 he respects /r5g?1 b he utt]ly disreg>ds & cruelly oppresses ! feeble4 ,he is ungrateful t[>ds 8 b5efactors1 & 9 8 int]c\rse ) /rang]s 8 fidelity c be reli$ ^u only s long z he kn[s t any brea* ( fai? w be sev]ely puni%$4 ,he does n /eal f 8 own p1 & 8,tiglikpok10 8he is a ?ief10 is a reproa* among ! ,eskimos z among ourselves2 b no %ame atta*es to him if he robs ! :ite man1 ?\gh ! latt] may h load$ him ) fav\rs4 ,if we add t !y display a /rong affection = _! *ildr51 & t ! *ildr5 are s+ul>ly docile & ob$i5t to _! p>5ts1 we %all h said en\gh to assi/ ! read] 9 =m+ an accurate conception ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,eskimo ,l&4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,lapl& ,,& ,,! ,,lapps4 ,lapl&1 or ! ,l& ( ! ,lapps1 :i* ! ,lapps !mselves call ,same&a or ,somellada1 =ms ! nor? & nor?-ea/]n portions ( ! ,sc&9avian p59sula1 & is divid$ betwe5 ,sw$5 & ,russia4 ,norwegian ,lapl& includes ! prov9ces ( ,norrl& & ,f9m>k2 ,sw$i%1 ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,bo?nia2 & ,russian1 ( ,kola & ,kemi4 ,! la/-nam$ has an area ( #aa1cjj squ>e miles1 ) a population ( #ijjj2 ,sw$i% ,lapl&1 an area ( #ej1fjj squ>e miles1 ) #djjj inhabitants2 & ,norwegian1 an area ( #bf1ejj squ>e miles1 ) a population ( #ejjj4 ,we are "h ref]r+ to ! numb] ( true ,lapps2 9 ea* division ! population w\ld be l>gely increas$ if we includ$ ,f9ns1 ,russians1 ,sw$es1 ,norwegians4 ,lapl&1 = n9e mon?s 9 ! ye>1 is blight$ by ! rig\r ( a w9t] climate4 ,! summ] mon?s1 :5 ! sun does n set = sev]al weeks1 are ,july & ,augu/2 & ^! are prec$$ by a brief spr+1 & foll[$ by ev5 a brief] autumn4 ,c]eals d n ?rive high] ?an ! sixty-six? p>allel1 ) ! exception ( b>ley1 :i* is cultivat$ z f> nor? z ! sev5tie?4 ,! great] "p ( ! c\ntry comes )9 t wood$ zone :i* we describ$ 9 an e>li] *apt]1 & ! =e/s1 consi/+ ( bir*1 p9e1 fir1 & ald]1 spread ov] a v ext5sive area4 ,on ! mosses & li*5s :i* gr[ abundantly 9 _! %elt]1 are f$ ! imm5se h]ds ( re9de] :i* con/itute ! pr9cipal weal? ( ! inhabitants4 ,! ,lapps may almo/ be reg>d$ z a nation ( ,lilliputians4 ,_! m5 seldom exce$ five feet 9 height1 :ile ! majority are "s in*es bel[ t v mod]ate /ature2 & ! wom5 are ev5 %ort]4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 a robu/ race1 ) muscul> limbs1 & unusual gir? ( body1 ! circumf]5ce ( _! *e/ be+ ne>ly equal to _! height4 ,_! complexion is d>k1 tawny1 or copp]-col\r$2 _! d>k1 pi]c+1 deep-sunk5 eyes are set v wide ap>t1 s z to communicate a peculi> "* to ! physiognomy4 ,! wild1 /range effect is fur!r increas$ by ! unkempt masses ( d>k1 lank1 /raight hair :i* droop on ei!r side ( ! :isk]less1 be>dless face4 ,! *eek-bones are prom95t1 l ^? ( a ,celtic ,highl&]2 ! nose is flat2 ! m\? wide1 ) ?9 compress$ lips4 ,x may be suppos$ t ! ,lapps1 f ^! indications1 are n models ( mascul9e or fem99e beauty2 & ,dr4 ,cl>ke ass]ts t1 :5 ag$1 _m ( !m1 if expos$ 9 a m5ag]ie1 might be mi/ak5 = ! long-lo/ transitional =m int]m$iate betwe5 man & ape4 ,&1 c]ta9ly1 !re is some?+ repulsive 9 ! con/ant bl9k+ ( eyes r5d]$ sore by ! pung5t smoke ( _! huts1 or ! :ite gl>e ( ! sn[1 z well z 9 ! expression ( ob/9acy & l[ cunn+ :i* "o reads 9 e feature4 ,an ari/ocrat might be pr\d ( _! small & f9ely-%ap$ h&s2 b _! arms1 l _! legs1 are disproportionately %ort1 clumsy1 & ?ick4 ,clumsy1 we mean1 9 %ape2 c]ta9ly n 9 movem5t1 = ! extraord9>y flexibility ( _! limbs is "o ( ! traits by :i* a ,lapp is easily di/+ui%$4 ,( ! dress ( ! ,lapps x is ne$less to say mu*4 ,9 w9t] x consi/s ( be>s' sk9s1 9 :i* bo? male & female wrap !mselves up1 ) ! fur outw>d4 ,9 summ] ! m5 we> a sort ( tunic1 ! poesk1 made ( co>se light-col\r$ wooll5 clo?1 dep5d+ to ! knee1 b b\nd ab\t ! wai/ ) a belt or girdle4 ,_! head-ge> consi/s ( a k9d ( fez1 made ( wool1 & adorn$ ) a r$ wor/$ b& r\nd ! rim1 & a bright r$ tassel4 ,_! boots or %oes are cut f ! raw sk9 ( ! re9de]1 ) ! hair outw>ds1 & !y are peak$ 9 %ape4 ,!y are ?91 & !y h no l9+2 b ! ,lapp def5ds 8 feet & ankles f ! cold by /uff+ ! vacant space ( ! boot ) ! broad leaves ( ! ,c>ex vesic>ia1 or ,cyp]us grass1 :i* he cuts 9 summ]1 rubs 9 8 h&s1 & dries be=e us+4 ,! female co/ume resembles t ( ! males1 b _! girdles are gay] ) r+s & *a9s4 ,! ,lapps are a sup]/iti\s race4 ,l all ! ,norse tribes1 !y believe 9 wit*craft2 & ( old ! ,lapl& wit*es _h a reputation :i* ext5d$ to ,engl&1 = be+ able to w>d (f ra9 or disp]se /orms4 ,! ,engli% seam5 trad+ to ,ar*angel frequ5tly visit$ _! coa/ 9 ord] to buy a fav\rable w9d4 ,_m ( ! ,lapps claim ! ability to =etell future ev5ts1 & fall1 or pret5d to fall1 into a trance or ec/asy1 dur+ :i* !y see visions1 utt] prophecies1 & unlock ! secrets ( ^? :o tru/ to _! div9ation4 ,!y also read ! =tunes ( inquir+ dupes by means ( a cup ( liquor1 or by ! vulg>e/ j>gon ( palmi/ry4 ,sup]/ition is ! daught] ( ,ignorance4 ,x is also ! si/] ( ,fe>1 = ! sup]/iti\s are inv>iably prone to see sup]natural signs & wond]s 9 ! appe>ances ( ! heav5s1 or to he> une>?ly voices borne ^u ! midnight w9d1 & 9 ev]y?+ !y _c und]/& to imag9e ! pres5ce ( "s antagoni/ic p[]4 ,z ! ,am]ican natives 7 panic-/rick5 at ! occurr5ce ( an eclipse1 s ! ,lapps are fill$ ) dread :5 ! sky gl[s ) ! coruscations ( ! aurora4 ,^! sup]/itions prevail 9 spite ( ! ex]tions ( prie/s & s*oolma/]s4 ,!y are n\ri%$ 9 secret ev5 :5 !y are n op5ly proclaim$2 & ! ,lapp1 aft] li/5+ dev\tly to ! h>angue ( 8 pa/or1 w return home to (f] homage to 8 saidas1 or wood5 idols2 to c[] at ! "n ( ,trolls1 ! evil _s ( ! =e/2 & to be delud$ by ! artifices ( any s-call$ wit* or =tune-tell]4 ,!re are ,lapps1 & ,lapps2 ea*1 accord+ to ! region he inhabits1 be>+ 8 di/9ctive *>act]i/ics1 & pres]v+ 8 individual habits4 ,?us1 !re are ! ,fjlllapp>s1 or ,m\nta9 ,lapps2 ! ,skogslapp>s1 or ,wood ,lapps2 & ! ,fi%]lapps4 ,f ! nature ( ! c\ntry ! read] w expect1 & w be "r 9 expect+1 t ! ,fjlllapp>s =m ! mo/ num]\s section4 ,!y are ! nomads ( ,lapl&1 & _! mode ( life is entirely pa/oral4 ,z ! ,arabs ) _! flocks move f "o oasis to ano!r1 or ! ,t>t>s ) _! cattle1 s ! ,lapps migrate f place to place1 compell$ by ! necessity ( f9d+ su/5ance = _! h]ds ( re9de]4 ,! mosses & li*5s on :i* ^! animals fe$ are soon exhau/$1 & "s "t elapses be=e ! half-froz5 soil replaces !m4 ,! same cause op]ates to prev5t ! ,lapps f assembl+ 9 l>ge communities4 ,seldom m ?an ?ree1 f\r1 or five families encamp 9 ! same neighb\rhood4 ,x w n be suppos$ t ! tempor>y abode ( a nomad exhibits any ar*itectural complet5ess4 ,_! tuguria1 or huts1 are ( ! rude/ con/ruction4 ,!y raise a conical framework1 compos$ ( ! flexible /ems ( trees1 & ?is !y cov] ) a co>se k9d ( canvas1 & 9 w9t] ) ! sk9s ( re9de] & o!r animals4 ,no doorway is requir$1 & egress & +ress are provid$ = by turn+ up a portion ( ! canvas at ! bottom1 s z to =m a triangul> gap2 & ! portion s turn$ up is let d[n aga9 at night4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! int]ior "s l>ge /ones are pil$ toge!r = a fireplace1 & a squ>e op5+ 9 ! ro( above c>ries (f ! smoke1 & lets 9 ! light & air--n to say ra91 sn[1 & fog1 :5 ^! prevail4 ,! t5t or hut we h describ$ g5]ally measures ab\t six feet 9 diamet]1 & eighte5 to tw5ty 9 circumf]5ce4 ,x does n exce$ t5 feet 9 height4 ,!re is no floor1 b ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) re9de] sk9s1 & ^u ^! ! inhabitants sit or cr\* by day1 & huddle !mselves up at night4 ,! h\sehold ut5sils1 implem5ts1 & weapons are susp5d$ f ! sides ( ! hut2 & ! clo?+ ( ! family1 no v ext5sive /ock1 is pres]v$ 9 a *e/4 ,on a %elf or plat=m1 rais$ high above ! rea* ( dogs & wolves1 betwe5 two neighb\r+ trees1 ! ,lapp keeps 8 /ore ( dri$ re9de] fle%1 & *eese1 & curds2 = 8 diet is z pla9 z 8 g5]al habit ( liv+4 ,8 h]d ( re9de] he puts up at night1 or :5 !y are requir$ = milk+1 9 a l>ge enclosure1 ab\t f\r hundr$ to five hundr$ feet 9 circuit1 =m$ by a b>ri] ( po/s & /umps ( trees1 support+ a r[ ( horizontal poles4 ,aga9/ ! latt] bir* poles & bran*es ( trees are plac$ diagonally1 =m+ a k9d ( abattis1 :i* is f\nd to be a suffici5t security aga9/ ! attacks ( wolves4 ,x is said t ! milk+ ( a h]d ( re9de] af=ds a lively & picturesque spectacle4 ,:5 !y h be5 driv5 )9 ! area1 & all ! outlets clos$1 a ,lapp1 select+ a long cord or ?ong1 twi/s bo? ends r\nd 8 left h&1 & !n 9 8 "r ga!rs ! ?ong itself 9 loose coils4 ,fix+ on a re9de]1 he fl+s ! coils ov] its antl]s4 ,sometimes ! latt] (f]s no resi/ance2 b g5]ally1 on feel+ ! t\* ( ! ?ong1 x d>ts away1 & its pursu]1 9 ord] to secure x1 is call$ ^u = ! mo/ vigor\s ef=ts4 ,& ! sc5e is animat$ inde$1 :5 half-a-doz5 re9de]1 pursu$ by z _m ,lapps1 sweep r\nd & r\nd ! enclosure1 until ! =m] are f9ally ov]come1 or1 z n[ & !n happ5s1 wre/ ! cord f ! h&s ( ! discomfit$ ,lapp1 & leave him pro/rate on ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ! animal is secur$1 8 ma/] takes a dext]\s hit* ( ! ?ong r\nd 8 muzzle & head1 & !n fa/5s him to ! trunk ( a pro/rate tree4 ,! op]ation ( milk+ is p]=m$ by bo? m5 & wom54 ,z soon z ! pa/ure 9 ! neighb\rhood is exhau/$1 ! encampm5t is brok5 up1 & ! little company migrate to "s fre% /ation4 ,! rude tuguria are dismantl$ 9 less ?an half an h\r1 & pack$ ) all ! h\sehold furniture on ! backs ( ! re9de]1 :o1 by long tra9+1 are inur$ to s]ve z bea/s ( burd54 ,on ! j\rney !y are b\nd toge!r1 five & five1 ) lea!r ?ongs1 & l$ by ! wom5 ov] ! m\nta9s2 :ile ! fa!r ( ! family prec$es ! m>* to select a suitable site = ! new encampm5t1 & 8 sons or s]vants foll[ ) ! rema9d] ( ! h]d4 ,z spr+ v]ges ^u summ]1 ! ,lapps ab&on _! m\nta9 pa/ures1 & move t[>ds ! %ore4 ,no soon] d ! re9de] sc5t ! ke5 sea-air ?an1 break+ loose f all control1 !y da% headlong into ! br9y waves ( ! fiord1 & dr9k long draughts ( ! salt sea-wat]4 ,! ,lapps consid] ?is sea-side migration ess5tial to ! heal? ( _! h]ds4 ,:5 summ] rea*es its m]idian1 & ! sn[ melts1 !y return to ! pleasant m\nta9-solitudes1 asc5d+ high] & high]1 accord+ to ! increase ( temp]ature4 ,!n1 on ! approa* ( w9t]1 !y retire into ! woods1 :]e _! great difficulty is to def5d _! h]ds & !mselves f ! attacks ( ! wolves4 ,9 ?is incessant w>f>e !y d]ive mu* assi/ance f ! c\rage ( _! dogs4 ,^! are ab\t ! size ( a ,scot* t]ri]1 ) long %aggy hair1 & a head be>+ a curi\sly close resemblance to t ( a lynx4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re9de] ,,9 ,,lapl&4 ,9 ! w9t] ! ,lapp accompli%es 8 j\rneys ei!r by sl$g+ or skat+4 ,_! skates are n exactly ?+s ( beauty1 b !y answ] _! purpose admirably4 ,"o is z long z ! p]son :o we>s x2 ! o!r is ab\t a foot %ort]4 ,! feet ( ! we>] are plac$ 9 ! middle1 & ! skates1 or skidas1 fa/5$ to !m by ?ongs or )es4 ,!y are made ( fir-wood1 & cov]$ ) ! sk9s ( re9de]1 :i* *eck any backw>d movem5t by act+ l bri/les aga9/ ! sn[4 ,x is a/oni%+ ) :at spe$ ! ,lapp1 ?us equipp$1 c trav]se ! froz5 gr\nd4 ,! mo/ dext]\s skat] on ! canals ( ,holl& c\ld n out/rip him4 ,he runs d[n ! swifte/ wild bea/s2 & ! ex]cise s /imulates & w>ms 8 frame t1 ev5 9 mid-w9t]1 :5 pursu+ "o ( ^! lightn+-l c\rses1 he c disp5se ) 8 g>m5t ( furs4 ,:5 he wi%es to /op1 he makes use ( a long pole1 :i* is provid$ ) a r\nd ball ( wood ne> ! end1 to prev5t x f s9k+ too deep into ! sn[4 ,he is no less exp]t z a sl$g]4 ,8 vehicle1 or pulka1 is fa%ion$ l a boat1 ) a convex bottom1 s z to slip ov] ! sn[ ) all ! great] ease2 ! pr[ is %>p & po9t$1 b ! h9d "p flat4 ,p]haps x may bett] be comp>$ to a punt ?an a boat4 ,at all ev5ts1 9 ?is curi\s vehicle ! ,lapp is b\nd & swa!d1 l an infant 9 its cradle4 ,to pres]ve its equilibrium1 he tru/s to ! dext]ity ) :i* he moves 8 body to & fro1 & f side to side1 z may be ne$$2 & he guides x by means ( a /\t pole4 ,8 /e$1 a re9de]1 is fa/5$ to x by traces atta*$ to its coll>1 & connect$ ) ! =e "p ( ! sl$ge2 ! re9s are twi/$ r\nd its horns2 & all ab\t its trapp+s are hung a numb] ( little bells1 9 ! t9t9nabulation ( :i* ! animal greatly delights4 ,?us acc\tr$1 x w p]=m a j\rney ( fifty or sixty miles a day2 sometimes travell+ fifty miles )\t pause1 & ) no o!r refre%m5t ?an an occasional m\?ful ( sn[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,travell+ ,,9 ,,lapl&4 ,) wond]ful accuracy ! ,lapp w guide himself & 8 /e$ ?r\gh a seem+ly labyr9?9e wild]ness1 :5 ! usual signs & *>act]s ( ! l&scape are buri$ deep 9 sn[4 ,b 8 memory is t5aci\s1 & a blight$ tree1 or a project+ crag1 or a clump ( firs1 af=ds him a suffici5t indication ( ! correctness ( 8 c\rse4 ,he frequ5tly cont9ues 8 rapid j\rney ?r\gh\t ! night1 :5 ! moon inve/s ! gleam+ pla9s ) a /range brilliancy1 or ! aurora fills bo? e>? & heav5 ) ! reflection ( its wondr\s fires4 ,a ,fr5* travell]1 ,m4 de ,sa9t-,blaize1 is ( op9ion t ! ,lapps1 l all savage & semi-civiliz$ races1 are rapidly dim9i%+ 9 numb]s4 ,yet ?is dim9ution is h>dly ow+ to ! conditions "u :i* !y live4 ,_! life1 to ! civiliz$ ,european1 seems sev]e & almo/ intol]able2 b ?\gh x is m>k$ by privation & fatigue1 x is n )\t its *>ms4 ,x is free & indep5d5t1 & )\t anxiety4 ,z = ! privation & fatigue1 ! ,lapp is h>dly consci\s ( !m1 because 8 capacity ( endurance is great1 & he is accu/om$ to !m f 8 e>lie/ ye>s4 ,temp]ate1 active1 & inur$ to ex]tion1 8 physical frame is wond]fully vigor\s1 & he kn[s no?+ ( ! majority ( maladies :i* afflict ! dwell] 9 cities4 ,"o t]rible disease1 inde$1 he does n escape1 & ?is may h _h mu* to d ) _! decl9e1--! smallpox4 ,o!rwise1 !y are a heal?y z well z a h>dy race4 ,if dur+ a j\rney a ,lapp woman gives bir? to a *ild1 %e places ! new-born 9 a frame ( holl[ wood1 9 :i* a hole has be5 cut to receive ! little "o's head2 !n sl+s ?is rude cradle on h] back1 & cont9ues h] m>*4 ,:5 %e halts1 %e susp5ds ! infant & its cradle to a tree1 ! wirework ) :i* x is cov]$ af=d+ a suffici5t protection aga9/ wild bea/s4 ,pr(essor ,=bes1 h[ev]1 describes a m com=table cradle1 :i* is cut out ( solid wood1 & cov]$ ) lea!r1 9 flaps s arrang$ z to lace across ! top ) lea!rn ?ongs2 ! inside is l9$ ) re9de] moss1 & a pill[1 also ( re9de] moss1 is provid$ = ! head ( ! infant1 :o fits ! space s exactly t x c /ir nei!r h& nor foot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,lapp is a bold hunt]1 & w enc\nt] ! be> s+le-h&$4 ,l ! ,sib]ian1 he ent]ta9s a sup]/iti\s rev]5ce = ?is p[]ful animal1 :i* he reg>ds z ! wise/ & mo/ acute ( all ! bea/s ( ! field1 & supposes to "k & he> all t is said ab\t x2 b z its fur is valuable & its fle% well-fav\r$1 he does n refra9 f pursu+ x to ! dea?1 ?\gh c>eful1 s to speak1 to kill x ) ! highe/ respect4 ,e>ly 9 w9t] ! be> retires to a rocky cave1 or a cov]t ( bran*es1 leaves1 & moss1 & !re rema9s1 )\t food1 & 9 a /ate ( torpidity1 until ! spr+ recalls him to active life4 ,aft] ! fir/ sn[-fall1 ! ,lapp hunt]s seek ! =e/1 & se>* = traces ( _! enemy4 ,^! be+ f\nd1 ! spot is c>efully m>k$1 & aft] a few weeks !y return1 ar\se ! slumb]+ brute1 & /imulate x to an attack2 = to %oot x :ile asleep1 or1 inde$1 to use any weapon b a lance1 is consid]$ di%on\rable4 ,hoggu]1 ^: n>rative is quot$ by ,h>twig1 accompani$ a c\ple ( ,lapps1 well arm$ ) axes & /\t lances1 on "o ( ^! dang]\s exp$itions4 ,:5 ab\t a hundr$ paces f ! be>'s d51 ! p>ty halt$1 & "o ( ! ,lapps advanc$ %\t+1 & 8 comrades made all ! d9 !y c\ld4 ,he v5tur$ )9 tw5ty paces ( ! cav]n1 & !n ?rew /ones into x4 ,= a:ile all 0 quiet1 & ,hoggu] began to ?9k !y _h come ^u an empty d52 b sudd5ly an angry gr[l 0 he>d4 ,! hunt]s n[ r5ew$ & r$\bl$ _! clam\r1 until sl[ly1 l an hone/ citiz5 r\s$ f 8 virtu\s sleep by a company ( roi/]]s1 ! animal came =? f 8 lair4 ,at fir/ he seem$ indiff]5t & le?>gic2 b1 cat*+ sight ( 8 ne>e/ enemy1 he 0 fill$ ) rage1 utt]$ a %ort b t]rible ro>1 & ru%$ headlong ^u him4 ,! ,lapp1 ) 8 lance 9 re/1 await$ ! onset calmly1 :ile ! be>1 com+ to close qu>t]s1 re>$ himself on 8 haun*es1 & /ruck at 8 antagoni/ ) 8 =e paws4 ,to avoid ^! p[]ful /rokes1 ! d>+ huntsman cr\*$1 & !n1 ) a sudd5 spr+1 drove 8 lance1 impell$ by a /urdy arm1 & guid$ by a sure eye1 into ! creature's he>t4 ,! victor escap$ ) only a slight w\nd on ! h&1 b ! m>ks ( ! be>'s tee? 7 f\nd deeply impress$ on ! iron spe>-head4 ,accord+ to an old cu/om1 ! wives ( ! hunt]s assemble 9 "o ( _! huts1 & z soon z !y he> !m return+1 raise a l\d discordant *ant 9 hon\r ( ! be>4 ,:5 ! m51 load$ ) _! booty ( sk9 & fle%1 draw ne>1 x is consid]$ necess>y to receive !m ) words ( reproa* & insult1 & !y are n all[$ to ent] ?r\gh ! door2 !y are compell$1 !re=e1 to obta9 admission ?r\gh a hole 9 ! wall4 ,b :5 ! animal's manes h be5 ?us propitiat$1 ! wom5 are n less eag] ?an ! m5 to make ! mo/ ( its c>cass2 & aft] ! sk91 fat1 & fle% h be5 remov$1 !y cut up ! body1 & bury x ) great c]emony1 ! head fir/1 !n ! neck1 next ! =e paws1 & s on1 d[n to ! animal's 8la/10--its tail4 ,?is is done f a wild belief t ! be> rises f ! dead1 & if x has be5 prop]ly int]r$1 w k9dly all[ itself to be kill$ a second "t by ! same hunt]6 ,! pr9cipal article ( food ( ! ,lapps is re9de] v5ison4 ,?is !y boil1 & x supplies !m bo? ) meat & bro?4 ,9 summ] !y v>y _! bill ( f>e ) *eese & re9de] milk2 & ! ri* eat a k9d ( bread or cake1 bak$ ^u hot iron plates or 8girdles40 ,= luxuries !y resort to br&y & tobacco2 & ^! are n less appreciat$ by ! wom5 ?an by ! m54 ,z = ! latt]1 !y are nev] se5 )\t a pipe1 except at meals2 & ! fir/ salutation :i* a ,lapp addresses to a /rang] is a dem& = 8tabak0 or 8bra5di40 ,dr4 ,cl>ke tells u t on pay+ a visit to "o ( _! t5ts1 he gave ! fa!r ( ! family ab\t a p9t ( br&y1 & z he saw him place x beh9d 8 b$1 ne> ! m>g9 ( ! t5t1 he conclud$ x w\ld be economically us$4 ,9 a few m9utes ! daught] ent]$1 & ask$ = a dram1 on ! gr\nd t %e _h lo/ h] %>e :ile engag$ ^u dome/ic duties outside4 ,! old ,lapp made no reply1 b slily crept r\nd ! ext]ior ( ! t5t until he came to ! place :]e ! br&y 0 conceal$4 ,!n1 ?ru/+ 9 8 arm1 he drew =? ! preci\s bottle1 & empti$ its cont5ts at a draught4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we f9d no great diff]5ce ( habits exi/+ betwe5 ! ,m\nta9 ,lapp & ! ,skogs or ,=e/ ,lapp1 except t ! latt] takes up fi%+ z a summ] pursuit1 & devotes ! w9t] mon?s to 8 h]ds & ! *ase4 ,b 9 c\rse ( "t 8 h]ds dem&+ m att5tion ?an he c give to !m1 he is trans=m$ into a ,fi%] ,lapp1 :o dwells always ^u ! sea-coa/1 & is at once ! fil?ie/ & lea/ civiliz$ ( ! race4 ,he resembles ! ,m\nta9 ,lapp 9 8 love ( tobacco & br&y4 ,he diff]s f him 9 nev] migrat+1 & 9 :olly ab&on+ ! pa/oral life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fi%] ,,lapps4 ,a picture ( :at ! arti/s call a ,lapl& 8int]ior10 ( ! dome/ic economy ( a ,lapp hut1 is pa9t$ = u by ! au?or ( a rec5t book ( travel1 entitl$ 8,try ,lapl&40 ,aft] a long day's j\rney1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,lake ,r&ejaur1 we>y & cold1 he & 8 companions came ^u a small hut1 & _h visions ( obta9+ a night's re/2 b a clos] acqua9tance ) ! hut conv9c$ !m t su* a proce$+ w\ld be undesirable4 ,=1 knock+ at ! door1 & pull+ up ! lat*1 !y ent]$1 to see be=e !m a family sc5e6 ,9 an inconceivably dirty room /ood a /ill dirti] beldame1 mak+ c(fee4 ,h] husb&1 an old man ( sev5ty1 sat on "o side2 :ile a hide\s1 de=m$ little ,lapp1 :e!r man or woman !y c\ld h>dly tell1 squatt$ on ! floor on ! o!r1 9 full co/ume1 consi/+ ( high-peak$ blue clo? cap1 & re9de]-sk9 dress1 ornam5t$ ) beads & spangles4 ,h] face 0 br[n z a b]ry1 long lanky black hair /ream$ d[n h] *eeks2 &1 />+ at ! intrud]s1 %e begg$ = 8p5ge0 7money74 ,two "y m5 7 snor+ 9 "o b$1 & two boys 9 ano!r plac$ opposite to x1 ea* be+ cov]$ ) a few re9de]-sk9s4 ,! entrance ( ! /rang]s ar\s$ ! sleep]s to give "o ha/y look1 & !n !y snor$ aga94 ,! lady ( ! h\se (f]$ c(fee2 & ?\gh ev]y?+ look$ s dirty z to create a positive feel+ ( disgu/1 ! travell]s c\ld n af=d to be p>ticul>1 & accept$ h] (f]1 :i* put h] 9 a p]fect ec/asy ( delight4 ,quickly %e scuttl$ (f to ! well = wat]1 &1 fill+ h] kettle1 set to "w to roa/ fre% c(fee4 ,! old man got up & endeav\r$ to r\se ! sleep]s1 :5 he und]/ood t ! /rang]s 7 9 imm$iate want ( boats & r[]s4 ,leav+ him to make ! necess>y prep>ations1 !y w5t out to take a look at ! surr\nd+ sc5]y2 & return+ 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r1 expect$ to f9d !m prep>+ ! boats1 :i* lay two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds (f4 ,b1 to _! surprise1 n ! slighte/ *ange _h occurr$ 9 ! position ( ! sleep]s2 &1 aft] dr9k+ _! c(fee out ( ! "o cup ! ,lapps possess$1 !y grew impati5t1 & /orm$ at ! "y m51 try+ ev5 to pull !m out ( b$--b !y w\ld n budge4 8,! fa!r10 says our au?ority1 8:o prote/$ great love = ! ,engli%1 b turn$ out ! bigge/ rascal we _h come across1 0 z anxi\s z we 7 t 8 sons %\ld get up & r[ u2--b n a bit ( x6 ,he told u t !y _h be5 out ?ree days & ?ree nights on ! ,fells1 & 7 ?or\ghly exhau/$4 ,:at 0 to be done1 we c\ld n ?9k4 ,x 0 gett+ s]i\s2 we c]ta9ly c\ld n sleep 9 ?is dreadful hole1 & !re 0 no o!r %elt] ne>4 8,money _h no p[]3 ?\gh ,i %[$ ! almighty doll> to ! we>y slumb]]s1 7!y _h surely nev] be5 9 ,am]ica67 !y turn$ away ) a grunt4 8,!n1 ,o happy ?\ght1 ,i recollect$ ! br&y2 & br++ my keg to ! b$side1 ,i tapp$ x1 & (f]$ !m a glass if !y w\ld get up4 ,?is 0 q ano!r ?+2 !y yawn$1 /ret*$ _! limbs1 & /ood ^u ! floor4 ,poor fell[s6 we !n saw h[ ill & fagg$ !y look$1 ?\gh !y 7 spl5did specim5s ( ! human race4 8,p\r+ a glass ( ! fi]y comp\nd d[n _! ?roats1 !y put on _! coats1 & foll[$ u l sleepy dogs2 b 9 a few mom5ts 7 r[+ u l h]oes40 ,all travell]s agree 9 be>+ witness to ! passion ( ! ,lapps = alcoholic liquors4 ,if we c\ld sp>e our apo/les ( temp]ance & advocates ( ,good ,templ>ism1 :i*1 alas6 we _c af=d to d1 few bett] fields c\ld be f\nd = _! admirable lab\rs ?an ,lapl&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,capta9 ,hut*9son1 h[ev]1 has m pleasant exp]i5ces to relate1 & m agreeable 8int]iors0 to sket*1 ?an ! prec$+4 ,let u accompany him1 = in/ance1 on a visit to ! isl& ( ,bjorkholm4 ,! settlem5t "h is v small1 consi/+ ( only two or ?ree h\ses1 & a few b>ns & %$s4 ,! inhabitants1 aft] ! usual mann] ( ! ,lapps1 support !mselves by fi%+ 9 summ]1 & by ! re9de] 9 w9t]4 ,n a tree or %rub gr[s ^u ! isl&2 only grass4 ,! ho/ess1 on ?is occasion1 0 an active1 good-natur$ little woman1 n m ?an f\r feet high1 :o flew to & fro ) a really wond]ful agility4 ,at "o mom5t %e 0 m\nt$ on ! dress]1 se>*+ = =ks & spoons2 at ano!r1 almo/ buri$ 9 a deep box1 div+ = %eets & table-clo?4 ,crock]y 0 decid$ly sc>ce2 & a *9a slop-bas91 ) a wrea? ( prettily pa9t$ little fl[]s r\nd ! m>g91 _h really a h>d "t ( x4 ,x 0 fir/ pres5t$ to ,capta9 ,hut*9son & 8 p>ty = ! purpose ( wa%+ _! h&s2 at supp] x appe>$ fill$ ) *ocolate2 9 ! morn+ x reappe>$ z _! jo9t wa%+-bas94 ,h[ev]1 ! little ,lapp ent]ta9$ !m "r royally1 ) hot kipp]$ salmon1 pancakes1 dri$ re9de]1 & eggs4 ,! b$s 7 v com=table1 ! mattresses ( hay1 ) ! :ite/ ( %eets4 ,& ?\gh ! ho/ess & h] family seem$ v poor1 relics ( =m] gr&eur 7 visible 9 ! silv] spoons1 teapot1 goblet1 & cream-jug4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a rec5t writ] obs]ves t ! inf]iority ( ! ,lapp race is z conspicu\s f ! intellectual z f ! physical po9t ( view4 ,?is is evid5t f ! mo/ cursory glance at _! lives & mann]s4 ,! ,lapp is1 on ! :ole1 a simple1 timid1 regul>1 hone/ creature4 ,to 8 great defect we h already adv]t$1--t excessive p>tiality = /rong liquors1 :i* w\ld be suffici5t to br+ ab\t ! annihilation ( 8 race )9 a m or less limit$ p]iod1 ev5 if 8 days 7 n numb]$ f e o!r concurr5t cause4 ,he is ess5tially nomadic4 ,he is p]fectly free & indep5d5t ?r\gh\t ! solit>y wa/es :i* ext5d f ! ,nor? ,cape to ! sixty-f\r? degree ( latitude2 he plants 8 t5t :]e he pleases1 g5]ally close to a wood or lake2 & he moves on :5 ! moss all ar\nd x has be5 eat5 up4 ,su* a mode ( life is1 ( c\rse1 incompatible ) ! progress ( ,sw$i%1 ,norwegian1 & ev5 ,f9l&i% civilization1 :i*1 ye> by ye>1 curtails ! t]ritory giv5 up to ! migration ( ! nomadic ,lapps4 ,!re is ab\t ! life ( ! ,lapps1 9 summ]1 says ,c\nt ,d',almeida1 a c]ta9 *>m ( indep5d5ce1 :i* might prove s$uctive to c]ta9 m9ds1 we>y ( civilization & unwitt+ ( mosquitoes4 ,b 9 w9t]1 no be+ ( any o!r race c\ld ) impunity endure su* privations & suff]+s z !y und]go4 ,!y are compell$ to keep a c>eful wat* ^u _! h]ds1 :i* are 9 con/ant dang] f ! sn[-/orms & ! wolves4 ,9 ! h>d fro/s1 :5 ! sn[ is upw>ds ( ?ree feet 9 dep?1 !y are compell$ to dig x up ) _! axes1 s z to obta9 access = _! re9de] to ! moss1 :i* con/itutes _! only food 9 w9t]4 ,_! vigor\s con/itutions & _! p[] ( endur+ privation & climatic rig\r1 expla9 h[ x 0 t man1 9 ! ,glacial ,age1 ?\gh )\t any ( ! appliances ( civilization1 c\ld endure its trem5d\s sev]ity4 ,:at ! ,lapps c be> 9 po9t ( toil & want is almo/ incr$ible4 ,!y suff]1 & are /rong1 9 a s5se ! poet nev] contemplat$4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t !y are surpris$ by a sn[-hurricane2 !y sleep on ! gr\nd1 cov]$ ) sn[-flakes1 :i*1 on awak+1 !y simply %ake (f1 & pursue _! way4 ,9 an excess ( cold :i* w\ld *ill our blood1 ev5 if we 7 runn+ at ! top ( our spe$1 !y w fall1 9 a fit ( intoxication1 on ! gr\nd1 & lie !re ) impunity = h\rs4 ,x is said t 9 mid-w9t]1 wom51 sudd5ly seiz$ ) ! pa9s ( *ildbir? :ile on ! road1 are deliv]$ 9 ! sn[1 )\t any ill result1 ei!r to !m or _! (fspr+4 ,b1 z ! same writ] rem>ks1 human /r5g? _c exce$ c]ta9 limits4 ,! ,lapp ages e>ly 9 life1 & dies "y4 ,:5 he atta9s an advanc$ age1 8 fate is /ill m lam5table4 ,x is said t if an old man falls sick :ile a tribe is accompli%+ "o ( its cu/om>y migrations1 8 *ildr5 frequ5tly ab&on him1--leav+ him ) "s provisions at ! foot ( a tree1 or on ! bank ( a /ream1 ) ! t]rible prospect be=e him ( dy+ ( />vation1 or fall+ a prey to wild bea/s4 ,! ,lapp is always poor ev5 :5 he may be call$ ri*2 = x is calculat$ t to ma9ta9 a family ( f\r p]sons1 a h]d ( fully f\r hundr$ re9de] is necess>y1 repres5t+ a capital ( ab\t #afj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,lapp dialect is describ$ z resembl+ ! ,f9ni%4 ,:5 we rememb] t ! ,lapps & ! ,qunes1 or ,f9ns1 we> a simil> co/ume1 are di/+ui%$ by v simil> cu/oms1 & t ! two p call !mselves by ! same g5]ic "n1 ,suomi1 we c und]/& :y "s travell]s p]si/ 9 reg>d+ !m z sprung f ! same common /ock4 ,b a c>eful inve/igation %[s ! absolute di/9ctness ( ! ,lapps f ! ,f9ns1 not)/&+ ?is simil>ity ( "n & language--a simil>ity due1 z 9 _m o!r c\ntries1 to ! influ5ces ( conque/ or colonization4 ,"s e?nologi/s1 & among !m ,m4 ,d',omal9s1 include ! ,f9ns among ! :ite1 or ,caucasian race1 & leave ! ,lapps among ! inf]ior bran*es ( ! great ,mongol family4 ,x seems c]ta9 t a great] diff]5ce exi/s betwe5 ! ,qunes & ! ,lapps ( ,nor!rn ,norway ?an betwe5 ! ,qunes & ! ,sc&9avians ( ! same region4 ,! ,qunes h adapt$ !mselves completely to s$5t>y & agricultural habits1 :ile ! ,lapps1 z yet1 h n made a s+le advance 9 ! direction ( rais+ !mselves above a pa/oral & nomadic life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,f9ns con/antly int]m>ry ) ! ,sw$es or ,norwegians2 :ile unions betwe5 ,lapps & ,sc&9avians1 or ev5 betwe5 ,lapps & ,f9ns1 are reg>d$ ?r\gh\t ! entire c\ntry z mon/r\s anomalies4 ,la/ly3 lay+ aside ! argum5ts f\nd$ ^u ! physical con=mation ( ! ,lapps & ! ,f9ns1 an important hi/orical consid]ation seems to prove _! di/9ct co-exi/5ce f a p]iod f> ant]ior to ! settlem5t ( ! ,suiones & ! ,go?s 9 ! p59sula2 x is t 9 ! ,f9ni% my?ology we con/antly meet ) leg5ds ( battles betwe5 dw>fs & giants4 ,x is impossible t ^! c ref] to ! w>f>e betwe5 ! ,f9ns & ! ,sc&9avians1 = ! latt] 7 ( ! same /ature z ! =m]2 & x is 9 comp>ison ) ! ,lapps only t ! ,f9ns c\ld relatively be call$ giants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we borr[ f ,c\nt ,d',alviella a few p>ticul>s relat+ to ! /ation>y ,lapps1 :o inhabit ! region ( ,we/ ,bo?nia1 or ,we/]bott51 a long1 n>r[ /rip ( l& divid+ ! ,gulf ( ,bo?nia f ,lapl& prop]4 ,^! ,lapps seem to be ! product ( a mixture ( races 9 :i* ! ,sc&9avian elem5t pr$om9ates4 ,!y are ( an ord9>y /ature1 robu/1 ) regul> features1 light hair1 & cle> gray eyes4 ,! c\ntry 9 :i* !y dwell has a /range1 an orig9al1 b a monoton\s "*4 ,x is its monotony :i* we>ies ! travell]1 ?\gh at fir/ he w be impress$ by its fre% yet sev]e beauty4 ,! =e/s ( bir* & fir seem endless1 & ! great lakes 9 _! dep?s fatigue ! eye ) _! wa/es ( cold1 dre> wat]4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 ! travell] comes ^u a smil+ pla91 enamell$ ) myosotis1 & bright5$ by a silv]-%9+1 music-murmur+ /ream4 ,"h & !re ! wood is ?9n]1 & lean c[s may be se5 fe$+ among ! half-/ripp$ /ems4 ,next comes a cle>+1 :]e ! =e/ has be5 swept away by fire2 a cle>+ ) fields ( rye & b>ley2 a palisade enclosure1 & a gr\p ( *lets1 ) a comp>atively spaci\s & undilapidat$ build+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,^! grds1 z !y are call$1 closely resemble ea* o!r ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?4 ,nei!r mat]ial nor space is begrudg$ to ! ,we/ ,bo?nian ar*itects4 ,ev5 ! smalle/ f>m comprises ?ree or f\r build+s1 :i* g5]ally =m a squ>e on ! f\r sides ( an inn] c\rt4 ,^! build+s--h[ unlike ! wret*$1 fil?y hut ( ! nomadic ,lapp6--comprise ?ree liv+-rooms1 kit*51 & /ables2 & are divid$ f ea* o!r only by a p>tition ( horizontally-laid planks1 ! int]/ices be+ fill$ up by moss4 ,! furniture is simple1 conv5i5t1 suitable1 & %9+ ) cleanl9ess1 l a ,dut* kit*54 ,ar\nd ! he>? is hung a s]ies ( brightly-col\r$ pr9ts1 repres5t+ ei!r a ,scriptural sc5e or ev5ts 9 ! life ( an illu/ri\s p]sonage1--,k+ ,*>les ,,xv41 or ! bi%op ( ! diocese1 side by side ) ! univ]sal leg5d>y figures1 ,napoleon ,i4 & ,g>ibaldi4 ,close by /&s ! old h]$it>y lock]1 9 :i* ! husb& accumulates 8 money & ! wife deposits h] tr9kets2 to ! wall is susp5d$ a complete trophy ( knives1 pipes1 belts ) silv] buckles1 sl$ge-bells1 & a :ip ) a c>v$ horn h&le4 ,! :ole sc5e is "o ( ord] & ! proprieties ( family life4 ,all ^! dwell+s1 x may be add$1 d n we> ! same aspect ( prosp]\s neatness2 b ev5 :]e pov]ty is pres5t1 x is unaccompani$ by t sull5 gloom & melan*oly squalidness :i*1 9 o!r c\ntries1 is ! pa9ful indication & result ( long-endur$ privation4 ,& "h1 we mu/ also rememb]1 pov]ty & fam9e are n always insep>able companions4 ,! %ad[ ( hung] frequ5tly d>k5s ! ri* man's door1 & a man might p]i% = want ( food on a sack ( gold4 ,"o w9t]1 ! weal?ie/ memb]s ( ! community 7 r$uc$ to ! necessity ( eat+ bread made ( b>k mix$ ) moss4 ,/ill1 we see h[ wide a diff]5ce sep>ates ! /ation>y f ! nomadic ,lapp1 & h[ impossible x is = a w&]+ population to acquire or appreciate ! com=ts ( civiliz$ life4 ,a pa/oral race1 9 ! pres5t age ( ! _w1 is1 & mu/ be1 a decay+1 because a b>b>\s race4 ,if x t\*es ! bord]s ( civilization1 x is only to become infect$ ) its vices1 & ?us to ha/5 its inevitable decay4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,samoj$es ,,& ,,o!r ,,tribes ,,( ,,arctic ,,asia4 ,! ,samoj$es are ! imm$iate neighb\rs ( ! ,lapps4 ,l !m1 !y are nomads2 b !y are ev5 less civiliz$1 & h pr(it$ less by ! ardu\s & en?usia/ic lab\rs ( ! ,*ri/ian mission>ies4 ,!y range ov] ! =e/s & /ony tundras ( ,nor!rn ,russia & ,we/]n ,sib]ia2 driv+ _! re9de] h]ds f ! banks ( ! ,*atanga to ! icy %ores ( ! ,:ite ,sea1 or hunt+ ! wild bea/s 9 ! d5se woods :i* ext5d betwe5 ! ,obi & ! ,y5isei4 ,!y are sunk f> deep] ?an ! ,lapps 9 a co>se & debas+ sup]/ition4 ,x is true t !y believe 9 a supreme deity--,num1 or ,jilibeamba]tje1 :o resides 9 ! air1 &1 l ! ,greek ,zeus1 s5ds d[n ?und] & lightn+1 ra9 & sn[2 & !y ev9ce t lat5t capacity = poetical feel+ :i* is indicat$ ev5 by ! mo/ b>b>\s tribes 9 _! description ( ! ra9b[ z 8! hem ( 8 g>m5t40 ,!y reg>d him1 h[ev]1 z s elevat$ above ! _w ( man1 & s coldly indiff]5t to humanity1 t x is useless to seek to propitiate him ei!r by pray] or sacrifice2 & !y h rec\rse1 accord+ly1 to ! inf]ior gods1--:o1 z !y believe1 h ! direction ( human affairs1 & are influ5c$ by incantations1 v[s1 or special homage4 ,! *ief ( all ! ,samoj$e idols is /ill suppos$ to consecrate ) its pres5ce1 z 9 ! days ( ! adv5tur\s ,b>5tz1 ! bleak & ice-b\nd isl& ( ,waigatz4 ,x is a block ( /one1 po9t$ at ! summit1 & be>+ "s rude resemblance to a human head1 hav+ be5 fa%ion$ aft] ?is lik5ess by a freak ( nature4 ,?is has =m$ ! model = ! ,samoj$e sculptors1 :o h multipli$ its effigy 9 wood & /one2 & ! idols ?us easily creat$ !y call sjadi1 because !y we> a human 7or semi-human7 c\nt5ance 7sja74 ,!y attire !m 9 re9de]-sk9s1 & embelli% !m ) innum]able col\r$ rags4 ,9 addition to ! sjadi1 !y adopt z idols any curi\sly contort$ tree or irregul>ly %ap$ /one2 & ! h\sehold idol 7,hahe7 !y c>ry ab\t ) !m1 c>efully wrapp$ up1 9 a sl$ge res]v$ = ! purpose1 ! hah5gan4 ,"o ( ! said p5ates is suppos$ to be ! gu>dian ( w$d$ happ9ess1 ano!r ( ! fi%]y1 a ?ird ( ! heal? ( 8 wor%ipp]s1 a f\r? ( _! h]ds ( re9de]4 ,:5 8 s]vices are requir$1 ! ,hahe is remov$ f 8 re/+-place1 & erect$ 9 ! t5t or on ! pa/ure-gr\nd1 9 ! wood or on ! riv]'s bank4 ,!n 8 m\? is sme>$ ) oil or blood1 & be=e him is set a di% ( fle% or fi%1 9 return = :i* repa/ x is expect$ t he w use 8 p[] on behalf ( 8 ent]ta9]s4 ,8 aid be+ no long] ne$$1 he is return$ to ! hah5gan4 ,besides ^! oblig+ deities1 ! ,samoj$e believes 9 ! exi/5ce ( an ord] ( invisible spirits :i* he calls ,tadebtsios4 ,^! are ev] & ev]y:]e ar\nd him1 & b5t r ^u 8 injury ?an 8 welf>e4 ,x becomes important1 !re=e1 to propitiate !m2 b ?is c be done only ?r\gh ! int]position ( a ,tadibe1 or sorc]]2 :o1 on occasion1 /imulates himself into a /ate ( wild excitem5t1 l ! fr5zy ( ! ,py?ian or ,delphic prie/ess4 ,:5 8 aid is invok$ by ! cr$ul\s ,samoj$e1 8 fir/ c>e is to attire himself 9 full magician's co/ume--a k9d ( %irt1 made ( re9de] lea!r1 & hemm$ ) r$ clo?4 ,its seams are trimm$ 9 l mann]2 & ! %\ld]s are also decorat$ ) r$ clo? tags1 or epaulettes4 ,a piece ( r$ clo? is worn ov] ! face z a mask1 & a plate ( poli%$ metal gleams ^u 8 brea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,samoj$e ,,huts ,,on ,,waigatz ,,isl&4 ,?us co/um$1 ! ,tadibe takes 8 drum ( re9de]-sk91 ornam5t$ ) brass r+s1 &1 att5d$ by a neophyte1 walks r\nd & r\nd ) great /atel9ess1 :ile invok+ ! pres5ce ( ! spirits by a discordant rattle4 ,?is gradually increases 9 viol5ce1 & is accompani$ by ! dron+ intonation ( ! words ( en*antm5t4 ,! spirits 9 due "t appe>1 & ! ,tadibe proce$s to consult !m2 beat+ 8 drum m g5tly1 & occasionally paus+ 9 8 doleful *ant1--:i*1 h[ev]1 ! novice is c>eful n to int]rupt1--to li/51 z is suppos$1 to ! answ]s ( ! a]ial div9ities4 ,at l5g? ! conv]sation ceases2 ! *ant breaks into a fi]ce h[l2 ! drum rattles m & m l\dly2 ! ,tadibe seems "u a sup]natural influ5ce2 8 body quiv]s1 & foam ga!rs on 8 lips4 ,!n sudd5ly ! fr5zy ceases1 & ! ,tadibe utt]s ! w ( ! ,tadebtsios1 & gives advice h[ a /ray+ re9de] may be recov]$1 or ! disease ( ! ,samoj$e wor%ipp] reliev$1 or ! fi%]man's lab\r rew>d$ ) an abundant 8h>ve/ ( ! sea40 ,! (fice ( ! ,tadibe is usually transmitt$ f fa!r to son2 b occasionally "s individual1 pr$ispos$ by nature to fits ( excitem5t1 & end[$ ) a vivid imag9ation1 is initiat$ into its my/]ies4 ,8 morbid fancy is work$ ^u by long solit>y self-commun+s & protract$ fa/s & vigils1 & 8 frame by ! use ( p]nici\s n>cotics & /imulants1 until he p]suades himself t he has be5 visit$ by ! spirits4 ,he is !n receiv$ z a ,tadibe ) _m c]emonies1 :i* take place at midnight1 & he is inve/$ ) ! magic drum4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 t ! ,tadibe1 if he deceives o!rs1 p>tly deceives himself4 ,b he does n disda9 to h rec\rse to ! commone/ tricks ( ! conjuror1 ) ! view ( impos+ ^u 8 ignorant c\ntrym54 ,among ^! is ! fam\s rope-trick1 introduc$ into ,engl& by ! ,dav5port ,bro!rs1 & s9ce repeat$ by s _m pr(essional necromanc]s4 ,) 8 h&s & feet fa/5$1 he sits d[n on a c>pet ( re9de]-sk91 &1 ! lights be+ put out1 invokes ! spirits to come to 8 assi/ance4 ,soon _! pres5ce is made kn[n by /range noises2 squirrels seem to ru/le1 snakes to hiss1 & be>s to gr[l4 ,at l5g? ! di/urbance ceases1 ! lights are rek9dl$1 & ! ,tadibe /eps =w>d unb\nd2 ! spectators1 ( c\rse1 believ+ t he has be5 assi/$ by ! ,tadebtsios4 ,z b>b>\s1 says ,dr4 ,h>twig--to ^: pages we are "h indebt$--z b>b>\s z ! poor wret*es :o submit to 8 guidance1 ! ,tadibe is incapable ( improv+ _! moral condition1 & has no wi% to d s4 ,"u v>i\s names1--,s*amans among ! ,tungusi1 ,angekoks among ! ,eskimos1 ,m$ic9e-m5 among ! ,crees & ,*epewyans1--we f9d simil> magicians or impo/ors assum+ a spiritual dictator%ip ov] all ! ,arctic nations ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,_w1 :]ev] _! au?ority has n be5 brok5 by ,*ri/ianity or ,buddhism2 & ?is dre>y fai? /ill ext5ds its influ5ce ov] at lea/ half a million ( s\ls1 f ! ,:ite ,sea to ! extremity ( ,asia1 & f ! ,pacific to ,hudson ,bay4 ,! ,samoj$es1 l ! ,sib]ian tribes1 (f] up sacrifices to ! dead1 & p]=m v>i\s c]emonies 9 hon\r ( _! memory4 ,l ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 !y believe t ! desires & pursuits ( ! dep>t$ cont9ue to be ! same z !y 7 on e>?2 & h5ce1 t !y may n be 9 want ( weapons or implem5ts1 !y deposit 9 or ab\t _! graves a sl$ge1 a spe>1 a cook+-pot1 a knife1 an axe4 ,at ! fun]al1 & = sev]al ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! k9sm5 sacrifice re9de] ov] ! grave4 ,:5 a pr9ce dies1 a ,/>s*9a1 ! own]1 p]haps1 ( sev]al h]ds ( re9de]1 8 ne>e/ relatives fa%ion an image1 :i* is kept 9 ! t5t ( ! deceas$1 & to :i* z mu* respect is paid z 0 paid to ! man himself 9 8 lifetime4 ,x occupies 8 usual seat at e meal2 e ev5+ x is undress$1 & laid d[n 9 8 b$4 ,= ?ree ye>s ^! hon\rs are kept up1 & !n ! image is buri$1 f a belief t ! body by t "t mu/ h decay$1 & lo/ all recollection ( ! pa/4 ,only ! s\ls ( ! ,tadibes1 & ( ^? :o h di$ a viol5t dea?1 are privileg$ ) immortality1 & hov] ab\t ! air z disembodi$ spirits4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,samoj$e ,,family4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,samoj$es are scatt]$--to ! numb] ( ab\t a ?\s& families--ov] _! wild & inhospitable region4 ,e?nologi/s g5]ally consid] !m to h a common orig9 ) ! ,f9ns ( ,europe4 ,9 /ature !y are some:at tall] ?an ! ,lapps1 & _! col\r is m ( a tawny4 ,! m>k$ features ( _! c\nt5ance recall ! ,h9du type4 ,! =ehead is high1 ! hair black1 ! nose long1 ! m\? well-=m$2 b ! sunk5 eye1 veil$ by a heavy lid1 expresses a cruel & p]fidi\s nature4 ,! mann]s ( ! ,samoj$es are brutal2 & 9 "* !y are fi]ce & cunn+4 ,!y are %eph]ds1 hunt]s1 trad]s--& :5 opportunity s]ves1 robb]s4 ,l ! o!r ,arctic peoples1 !y clo! !mselves 9 re9de]-sk9s4 ,!y %ave (f _! hair1 except a tol]ably l>ge tuft :i* !y all[ to fl\ri% on ! top ( ! head1 & !y pluck out ! be>d z fa/ z x gr[s4 ,! wom5 decorate _! p]sons ) a belt ( gild$ copp]1 & ) a pr(usion ( glass beads & metallic ornam5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cont9u+ our progress ea/w>d1 we come to ! ,o/iaks1 a p spread+ ov] ! nor!rnmo/ p>ts ( ,sib]ia1 f ! ,oural ,m\nta9s to ,kamts*atka4 ,"s int]e/+ p>ticul>s ( _! habits & cu/oms are record$ by ,madame ,fel9ska1 a ,poli% lady :om ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t condemn$ to a long exile 9 ,sib]ia4 ,"o day1 :5 %e 0 seek+ a pa?way ?r\gh a wood1 %e fell 9 ) a c\ple ( ,o/iaks on ! po9t ( p]=m+ _! devotions4 ,^! are ( ! simple/ k9d3 ! wor%ipp] places himself be=e a tree 7! l>*1 by pref]5ce7 9 ! d5se/ recess ( ! =e/1 & indulges 9 a succession ( extravagant ge/ures & contortions4 ,z ?is =m ( wor%ip is prohibit$ by ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t1 ! ,o/iak c resort to x only 9 secret4 ,he pr(esses1 inde$1 to h accept$ ,*ri/ianity1 b !re is too mu* reason to fe> t ! majority ( ! race are /ill atta*$ to _! hea!n cre$4 ,ne>ly e ,o/iak c>ries ab\t 8 p]son a rude image ( "o ( ! deities :i* he adores "u ! "n ( ,s*atan2 b ?is does n prev5t him f we>+ a small crucifix ( copp] on 8 brea/4 ,! ,s*atan is a r\gh imitation ( ! human figure1 c>v$ out ( wood4 ,x is ( diff]5t sizes1 accord+ to ! v>i\s uses = :i* x is int5d$3 if = c>ry+ on ! p]son1 x is a m9iature doll2 b = decorat+ ! ,o/iak's hut an image c be _h on a l>g] scale4 ,x is always attir$ 9 sev5 pe>l-embroid]$ *emises1 & susp5d$ to ! neck by a /r+ ( silv] co9s4 ,! wood5 deity occupies ! place ( hon\r 9 e hut1--sometimes 9 company ) an image ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y or "s sa9t1--& be=e beg9n+ a repa/ ! ,o/iaks are c>eful to (f] x ! da9tie/ morsels1 sme>+ its lips ) fi% or raw game2 ?is sacr$ duty p]=m$1 !y f9i% _! meal 9 cont5tm5t4 ,! prie/s ( ! ,o/iaks are call$ ,s*amans2 _! imm5se influ5ce !y employ to promote _! own p]sonal int]e/s1 & ma9ta9 ! meane/ sup]/itions4 ,9 summ] ! ,o/iak fixes 8 resid5ce on ! banks ( ! ,obi or "o ( its tribut>ies4 ,x is g5]ally squ>e 9 =m1 ) l[ /one walls1 & a high po9t$ ro( made ( will[-bran*es1 & cov]$ ) pieces ( b>k4 ,^! hav+ be5 s(t5$ by boil+1 are sewn toge!r s z to =m l>ge mats or c>pets1 :i* are easily roll$ up & c>ri$ f place to place4 ,! he>? is 9 ! c5tre2 x consi/s ( a few /ones set r\nd a cavity 9 ! soil4 ,"h ! ,o/iak lives2 support+ himself on fi%1 :i* he frequ5tly eats )\t cook+--& pur*as+ a few occasional luxuries1 su* z tobacco & dr9k1 ) ! salmon & /urgeon caught by 8 dext]ity4 ,9 w9t] he )draws into ! woods1 to hunt ! sable or ! squirrel1 or to pa/ure ! h]ds ( re9de] :i* "s ( !m possess4 ,he builds 8 jurt on a small em95ce ne> ! bank ( a /ream1 b out ( rea* ( its spr+ inundations4 ,x is l[1 small1 squalid2 its walls pla/]$ ) clay2 its w9d[ made ( a ?9 %eet ( ice4 ,! ,o/iaks are g5]ally ( small /ature1 d>k-complexion$1 & ) black hair1 l ! ,samoj$es2 b ?is is n inv>iably ! case4 ,!y seem to belong to ! same family z ! ,samoj$es & ,f9ns4 ,!y are hone/1 good-natur$1 in]t1 & extremely c>eless & dirty 9 _! habits2 ?\gh x may be conc$$ t _! huts are n fil?i] ?an ! 8int]iors0 ( ! ,icel&ic fi%]m54 ,_! wom5 are n mu* bett] treat$ ?an ,african slaves1 & are giv5 9 m>riage to ! highe/ bidd]4 ,! price necess>ily v>ies accord+ to ! condition ( ! p>5t2 ! daught] ( a ri* man sells = fifty re9de]1 ( a poor man = half-a-doz5 dri$ /urgeon & a h&ful ( squirrel-sk9s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,jakut ,,hunt] ,,& ,,be>4 ,! ,o/iaks & ! ,samoj$es are great hunt]s ( ! :ite be>4 ,x is ! same ) ! ,jakuts 7or ,yak\ts71 a p dwell+ ne> ! ,b\riats1 &1 l !m1 approximat+ to ! ,mongol type4 ,_! object 9 ! *ase1 h[ev]1 is n always to kill ! animal1 b to take x alive4 ,madame ,fel9ska ass]ts t1 "o day1 %e saw a consid]able h]d ( be>s conduct$ to ,brzov1 l a h]d ( tame cattle1 & app>5tly q z in(f5sive4 ,%e does n in=m u1 h[ev]1 by :at means !y _h be5 r$uc$ to su* a desirable /ate ( subjection4 ,frequ5tly ! ,o/iaks & ! ,jakuts attack ! :ite be>s body to body1 )\t any o!r weapon ?an a hat*et or long cutlass4 ,!y require to /rike _! =midable antagoni/ ) imm5se vig\r1 & to slay x at ! fir/ bl[1 or _! own dang] is extreme4 ,%\ld ! hunt] miss 8 /roke1 8 sole res\rce is to fl+ himself on ! gr\nd & lie motionless1 until ! be>1 :ile smell+ 8 body & turn+ him ov]1 incauti\sly (f]s himself aga9 to 8 attack4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we n[ rea* ! p59sula ( ,kamts*atka4 ,9 area x is equal to ,great ,brita91 & its natural res\rces are abundant2 yet1 ow+ to ! ravages ( smallpox1 & excessive br&y-dr9k+1 its population does n exce$ sev5 or eight ?\s& s\ls4 ,its climate is mu* mild] ?an t ( ! int]ior ( ,sib]ia1 be+ fav\rably affect$ by ! w>m breezes f ! sea2 & ?\gh c]eals d n fl\ri%1 its pa/ure-gr\nds are ri* & ample1 & its h]bace\s vegetation is exce$+ly abundant4 ,! fi%]ies ( ,kamts*atka enjoy a well-des]v$ reputation4 ,9 spr+ ! salmon asc5d its riv]s 9 su* a/oni%+ly num]\s legions1 t x y plunge a d>t into ! wat] y w surely /rike a fi%2 & ,/ell] ass]ts t ! be>s & dogs 9 ?is =tunate region cat* on ! banks ) _! paws & m\?s m fi% ?an 9 less fav\r$ c\ntries ! mo/ skilful angl]s c ensn>e by all ! devices ( piscatorial sci5ce4 ,h]mann also ref]s to ! teem+ myriads ( ! ,kamts*atka wat]s4 ,9 a /ream only six in*es deep he saw c\ntless ho/s ( *ackos 7,slagocephalus71 two or ?ree feet 9 l5g?1 p>tly /r&$ on ! grassy banks1 p>tly attempt+ to =ce a passage ?r\gh ! %all[s4 ,! coa/s ( ,kamts*atka sw>m 9 l mann] ) aquatic birds1 :i* roo/ & bre$ on e crag & l$ge1 9 e ni*e & holl[1 & at ! slighte/ al>m rise f _! re/+-places ) a :irr ( w+s & a clam\r ( voices repeat$ by a ?\s& e*oes4 ,! ,kamts*atkans display 9 ! pursuit ( ^! birds & _! eggs a skill & a d>+ n inf]ior to ! intrepidity & dext]ity ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,f>oe ,isles or ! ,hebrides4 ,b>efoot$1 & )\t ev5 ! aid ( ropes1 !y v5ture to desc5d ! mo/ awful declivities1 :i* ! foam+ wat]s r5d] inaccessible f bel[4 ,on ! left arm hangs a basket1 to be fill$ ) eggs z !y advance2 9 ! "r h& !y c>ry a %ort iron hook1 ) :i* to drag ! birds f _! rocky roo/s4 ,:5 a bird is caught1 ! f[l] wr+s its neck1 sl+s x to 8 girdle1 & l[]s himself /ill fur!r d[n ! rugg$ precipice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,kamts*atkans are ( small /ature1 b /rong-limb$ & broad-%\ld]$4 ,_! *eek-bones are high1 _! jaws massive1 broad1 & prom95t1 _! eyes small & black1 _! noses small1 _! lips v full4 ,! prevail+ col\r ( ! m5 is a d>k br[n1 sometimes approa*+ to tawny2 ! complexion ( ! wom5 is fair]2 & to pres]ve x f ! sun1 !y embelli% x ) be>s' guts1 adh]+ to ! face by means ( fi%-lime4 ,!y also pa9t _! *eeks a brilliant r$ ) a sea-we$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kamts*atkans4 ,kamts*atka boa/s ( a v valuable dome/ic animal 9 its dog4 ,mr4 ,hill is ( op9ion t he mu/ be consid]$ indig5\s to ! c\ntry1 :]e he roves wild ^u ! hills1 & obta9s 8 exi/5ce 9 exactly ! same mann] z ! wolf4 ,9 8 nature1 bo? physically & 9 respect to 8 temp] & disposition1 he seems ab\t equally to resemble t tameless animal & ! ma/iff2 yet n altoge!r 9 ! same mann] t might be suppos$ to arise f ! cross bre$ ( ! two species1 b r z possess+ "s ( ! qualities ( bo?1 nei!r conf\nd$ nor modifi$1 b di/9ctly m>k$1 & p]haps 9 equal p]fection to ! same qualities possess$ sev]ally by ^? animals4 ,he is ab\t ! size ( ! ord9>y ma/iff1 & 8 col\r is usually buff or silv]-gray1 ) ! sev]al d>k] or light] %ades ( ^! col\rs z an inv>iable basis4 ,9 ! =m ( 8 body1 too1 he resembles ! ma/iff1 b 8 head is m l t ( ! wolf4 ,/ill m d we recognize ! wolfi% "* 9 ! eye1 :i* is cruel & furtive1 z well z 9 8 habits & disposition4 ,l 8 fell[-rov]1 he sleeps m by day ?an by night1 & he sees bett] ?r\gh ! scanty light af=d$ by ! />s or moon ?an 9 ! full radiance ( ! sun3 ?is has giv5 rise to ! same vulg> error conc]n+ 8 vision :i*1 9 ,brita91 prevails respect+ t ( ! cat1--t he c see 9 ! d>k4 ,if !re be any exception1 says ,mr4 ,hill1 to ! di/9ct mann] 9 :i* ! dog ( ,kamts*atka possesses ! "* & qualities ( bo? ! wolf & ma/iff1 x is 9 reg>d to 8 voice1 :i* is he>d 9 l\d cries & undi/+ui%able s\nds1 some?+ betwe5 ! b>k ( ! "o & ! h[l ( ! o!r4 ,9 all ?+s connect$ ) ! lab\r 9 :i* he is engag$1 ! ,kamts*atka dog displays a m ?an ord9>y intellig5ce4 ,he is v eag] to "w1 & ob$i5t1 l ! can9e species g5]ally1 to "o ma/] only2 b he gives no indications ( t atta*m5t :i*1 m or less1 9 all o!r species ( ! dog1 enables man to sympa?ize ) !m1 & sometimes ev5 excites a degree ( fri5d%ip :i* n e "o ( 8 own species is able to inspire4 ,?us1 e pack or team ( dogs mu/ always be driv5 by ! same h& & guid$ by ! same voice1 :i* ! :ip1 & n c>esses1 has taught !m to rememb] & obey4 ,) ^! qualities1 ! dog becomes 9 ?is c\ntry a v s]viceable animal4 ,:atev]1 inde$1 our horses & bullocks p]=m = u "h 9 ,brita91 if we except c>ry+ u on _! backs & pl\gh+ our arable l&1 ! dogs p]=m = ! ,kamts*atkans4 ,!re is n mu* employm5t = !m1 h[ev]1 9 ! summ]2 & at t season !y are all[$ to range ab\t & secure _! food1 :i* !y usually f9d 9 ! riv]s1 9 ! be/ way !y c4 ,"s pa9s are at all times necess>y to keep !m 9 good temp] & at peace ) _! neighb\rs1 :e!r can9e or human4 ,& !re=e all ,kamts*atkans :o keep a team ne> _! h\ses are c>eful1 :5 ! sn[ is on ! gr\nd1 to drive a numb] ( /akes into ! e>?1 or poles set up 9 ! same mann] z ! frame ( a hut or wigwam2 & to ^! ! dogs are atta*$ s+ly or 9 pairs4 ,b :5 pair$1 :e!r at ! /akes or 9 h>ness1 x is requisite t ^? yok$ toge!r %\ld be n only ( ! same family1 b ( ! same litt]1 or at all ev5ts !y %\ld h be5 pair$ :5 !y 7 puppies4 ,x is at no "t safe to leave ! great] "p ( !m loose2 & ! y\ng] dogs are describ$ z ! mo/ dang]\s 9 ?is way4 ,!y w n only at all times kill dome/ic f[ls1--:i* ! ,kamts*atkans1 !re=e1 are unable to bre$1--& dogs ( ! small] species t may *ance to be br\ght to ! place1 b !y h be5 kn[n to de/roy *ildr54 ,:ile !y d n "w !y are tol]ably fat1 & h usually an all[ance ( half a dri$ salmon1 or a portion weigh+ ab\t two p\nds1 a day2 b :5 !y lab\r !y are worse treat$ & m /9t$ ?an ! ,sib]ian horses1 & receive only half ! quantity ( food apportion$ to !m :5 at re/2 yet !y w1 "u ?is treatm5t1 p]=m j\rneys ( ?ree or f\r weeks' duration ) mu* less repose ?an ! horses require4 ,nay1 !y w ev51 ^u a j\rney ( f\r or five days' duration1 "w = f\rte5 or sixte5 h\rs out ( ! tw5ty-f\r )\t ta/+ any food :atsoev]1 & )\t appe>+ to suff] any dim9ution ( /r5g?2 & ! univ]sal op9ion seems to be1 t ! less food !y receive on ?is side ( />vation1 :5 travell+1 ! bett]4 ,five ( ^! dogs w draw a sl$ge c>ry+ ?ree full-gr[n p]sons & sixty p\nds weight ( luggage4 ,:5 lightly load$1 su* a sl$ge w travel f ?irty to =ty v]/s 9 a day ov] bad roads & ?r\gh ! deep sn[1 :ile on ev5 roads x w accompli% eighty to "o hundr$ & tw5ty4 ,& h]e9 lies ! ine/imable value ( ! ,kamts*atkan dogs1 = ! horse w\ld be useless 9 sl$g+3 9 ! deep sn[ x w\ld s9k2 & x w\ld be unable1 on acc\nt ( its weight1 to cross ! riv]s & /reams :i* are cov]$ only ) a ?9 %eet ( ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,kamts*atkan ,,sl$ge ,,& ,,team4 ,b travell+ ) dogs is by no means easy4 ,in/ead ( ! :ip1 ! driv] uses a crook$ /ick ) iron r+s1 :i*1 by _! j+l+1 supply ! lead] ( ! team ) ! necess>y signals4 ,if ! dogs %[ symptoms ( relax+ 9 _! ef=ts1 ! /ick is ca/ among !m to r\se !m to great] spe$2 & ! driv] dext]\sly picks x up aga9 z 8 sl$ge %oots by4 ,9 a sn[-/orm !y keep _! ma/] com=tably w>m1 & w lie r\nd ab\t him quietly = h\rs4 ,!y are exp]i5c$ wea!r-prophets too1 = if1 :5 re/+1 !y dig holes 9 ! sn[1 x is a c]ta9 sign ( a /orm4 ,! tra9+ ( ^! dogs beg9s at a v e>ly age4 ,soon aft] _! bir? !y are plac$ ) _! "m 9 a deep pit1 s z to see nei!r man nor bea/2 & aft] be+ wean$1 !y are /ill condemn$ to a total exclusion f 8! madd+ cr[d40 ,a probation ( six mon?s hav+ expir$1 !y are atta*$ to a sl$ge ) old] dogs1 & be+ extremely %y1 !y run at _! v fa/e/4 ,on return+ home !y und]go ano!r p]iod ( pit-life1 until !y are consid]$ p]fectly tra9$1 & capable ( p]=m+ a long j\rney4 ,!y are !n all[$ to enjoy _! summ] fre$om4 ,su* a mode ( tra9+ may r5d] !m docile & ob$i5t1 b x r5d]s !m also gloomy1 mi/ru/ful1 & ill-temp]$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sib]ia1 s f> z ! valley ( ! ,l5a is conc]n$1 & ev5 ea/w>d to ! ,kolima & we/w>d to ! ,y5isei1 is inhabit$ by ! bold & vigor\s race ( ! ,jakuts4 ,_! numb] is comput$ at ab\t #bjj1jjj1 & !y inhabit ! ext5sive b dre>y prov9ce ( ,jakutsk1 ) a *ief t[n ( ! same "n4 ,! ,jakuts are to a great ext5t a pa/oral p1 b z !y trade 9 horses & cattle1 & also c>ry on a brisk fur-trade ) ! ,russians1 !y h atta9$ a f> high] level ( civilization ?an is common among pa/oral races4 ,9 summ] !y live 9 light conical t5ts 78urossy071 :i* are fix$ ^u poles1 & cov]$ ) bir* r9d4 ,^! !y pit* 9 ! op5 pla9s & valleys1 & !n devote !mselves to ga!r+ supplies ( hay aga9/ ! com+ w9t]4 ,?is is ) !m a v important lab\r1 = _! *ief weal? is 9 _! h]ds ( cattle1 & to f9d a suffici5t provision = !m 9 ! bleak climate ( ! ,l5a bas91 & on ! bord]s ( ! ,arctic ,_w1 is a task ( great difficulty4 ,(t51 inde$1 ! supply fails be=e ! return ( spr+1 & ! ox5 mu/ !n be f$ ^u ! "y %oots & sapl+s ( ! bir* & will[4 ,:5 w9t] approa*es1 ! ,jakut removes f 8 t5t into a w>m1 timb]-built hut1 or j>t1 :i* assumes ! =m ( a truncat$ pyramid1 & has an ext]ior cov]+ ( turf & clay4 ,its w9d[s are made ( ?9 %eets ( ice2 :i*1 z soon z a ?aw sets 91 are replac$ by fi%-bladd]s or pap] /eep$ 9 oil4 ,! floor is ( e>?1 v r>ely bo>d$1 & g5]ally sunk two or ?ree feet bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,! seats & sleep+-b]?s are arrang$ along ! sides2 ! he>?1 or ts*]wal1 occupies ! c5tre1 & its smoke f9ds an exit ?r\gh an ap]ture 9 ! ro(4 ,clo!s & weapons are susp5d$ f ! walls1 & ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! int]ior is squalid & disord]ly4 ,ne> ! j>t are /alls = ! c[s2 b :5 ! cold is v int5se1 !y1 l ! ,iri%man's pigs1 f9d accommodation 9-doors4 ,z = ! horses1 !y rema9 night & day 9 ! op5 air1 ?\gh ! wea!r may be s sev]e t ev5 m]cury freezes2 & !y h no o!r food ?an ! decay$ autumn grass1 :i* !y f9d "u ! sn[4 ,! capacity ( endurance :i* ! ,jakut horses exhibit is almo/ incr$ible4 ,l o!r quadrup$s 9 ! ,arctic regions1 !y *ange _! hair 9 summ]4 ,trav]s+1 mon? aft] mon?1 ! dre>y wild]ness :]e ! only vegetation is a scanty & half-rott5 grass1 !y /ill reta9 _! /r5g? & en]gy2 & not)/&+ ! h>d conditions ( _! lives1 !y d n age s quickly z our own m c>efully-t5d$ /e$s4 ,to aim at improv+ ! ,jakut horse w\ld be1 9 ! op9ion ( _m travell]s1 to gild ref9$ gold1 & p]fume 8?r[n on ! violet40 ,he w cont9ue a /eady trot = h\rs1 ov] roads ( :i* no ,engli%man c =m an idea1 & /op to take 8 re/ ) no o!r food b ! b>k ( ! l>* & will[1 or a little h>d grass1 no cov]+ protect+ 8 foam+ sides f ! cold1 & ! temp]ature d[n at #dj4 ,z ! horse1 s ! ma/]4 ,! ,jakut is ! v p]sonification ( h>d9ess4 ,he seems able to endure any?+1 & to attempt ev]y?+4 ,on ! longe/ w9t]-j\rney he c>ries nei!r t5ts nor extra cov]+s ) him1 n ev5 "o ( ! l>ge fur-dresses1 su* z ! ,sib]ians g5]ally use4 ,he cont5ts himself1 9 fact1 ) 8 usual dress2 9 ?is he g5]ally sleeps 9 ! op5 air3 8 b$1 a horse-rug /ret*$ ^u ! sn[2 8 pill[1 a wood5 saddle4 ,) ! same fur jacket :i* s]ves him by daytime z a dress1 & :i* he pulls (f :5 he lies d[n = ! night1 he def5ds 8 back & %\ld]s1 :ile ! front "p ( 8 body is turn$ t[>ds ! fire1 almo/ )\t any cov]+4 ,he !n /ops 8 nose & e>s ) small pieces ( sk91 & cov]s 8 face s z to leave only a small ap]ture = brea?+2 ^! are all ! precautions he takes aga9/ ! sev]e/ cold4 ,ev5 9 ,sib]ia ! ,jakuts are kn[n z 8iron m540 ,! horse to ! ,jakut is z valuable & z important z ! camel to ! ,arab or ! re9de] to ! ,lapp4 ,x is n only 8 /e$1 :i* seems incapable ( we>9ess1--8 bea/ ( draught1 pati5t "u heavy loads1--b its sk9 provides him ) articles ( dress2 ) its hair he makes 8 fi%+-nets2 boil$ horse meat is 8 fav\rite food1 & s\r m>e's milk1 or k\mis1 8 pr9cipal bev]age4 ,by mix+ ?is milk ) rye fl\r1 or ! inn] r9d ( ! fir or l>*1 he makes a ?ick porridge1 :i* he flav\rs ) b]ries1 or dri$ fi%1 or rancid fat4 ,be=e comm]ce _h be5 div]t$ into ! valley ( ! ,amur1 ?\s&s ( pack-horses1 "u ! guidance ( ,jakuts1 annually cross$ ! ,/an[oi hills on ! way to ,o*otsk2 a j\rney ( t]rible difficulty1 :i* might appal ! /\te/ n]ves4 ,b ! ,jakut endures ! extremes ( cold & hung] ) a wond]ful equanimity4 ,he fe>s nei!r ! /ormy w9ds1 ! d>k5$ heav5s1 ! dep? ( ! trea*]\s morass1 nor ! d>kness & sil5ce ( ! =e/4 ,no?+ appals him b ! unse5 pres5ce ( 8,ljes*ei10 ! _s ( ! m\nta9 & ! =e/4 ,! travell] frequ5tly comes ^u a fir-cr[n$ hillock1 & f ! bran*es ( "o ( ! olde/ firs sees susp5d$ innum]able tufts ( horse-hair4 ,:at does x mean8 ,he ne$s n to inquire1 =1 lo6 8 ,jakut driv]1 dism\nt+ f 8 /e$1 ha/5s to pluck a few hairs f 8 horse's mane1 & !n1 ) mu* rev]5ce1 atta*es !m to ! ne>e/ b\gh1 9 ord] to propitiate ! t]rible ,ljes*ei4 ,ev5 ,jakuts :o h be5 baptiz$1 & are nom9ally enroll$ among ! ,*ri/ian population1 are guilty ( ?is silly bit ( sup]/ition2 :ile x is suspect$1 on good gr\nds1 t !y /ill *]i% _! belief 9 ,s*amanism1 & _! anci5t dread ( evil spirits4 ,:5 we rememb]1 h[ev]1 ! absurd beliefs & vulg> errors /ill l+]+ 9 _m p>ts ( our own l&1 we are unable to pass a v sev]e v]dict on ! cr$ulity ( ! ,jakuts4 ,:5 on ! road !y beguile ! t$ium ( ! way by s++ songs ( ! mo/ doleful "*1 correspond+ to ! habitual melan*oly :i* !y seem to h inh]it$ f _! =efa!rs2 a melan*oly sugge/$1 probably1 by ! gloom ( ! l&scape1 ! *ill+ aspect ( ! sky1 ! inclem5cy ( ! climate1 & ! prolong$ battle 9 :i* _! lives are pass$4 ,_! songs1 n ! less1 are songs wor?y ( a bold & intellig5t p1 &1 l ! poetry ( ! ,norsem51 are replete ) images borr[$ f nature4 ,!y con/antly describe 9 gl[+ language ! l(ty magnific5ce ( ! sn[-cr[n$ m\nta9s1 ! />ry beauty ( ! night1 ! roll & ru% ( ! riv]1 ! wail ( ! w9d z x /reams ?r\gh a =e/ ( p9es4 ,! ,jakut m9/rels are mo/ly improvisatores2 &1 to secure ! fav\r ( ! ,ljes*ei1 !y w extol ! *>ms ( ! wild]ness ov] :i* x rules1 z if t wild]ness 7 a portion ( ,elysium4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,jakut m]*ants are rem>kable = _! ent]prise4 ,_! capital is ,jakutsk1 on ! ,l5a1 & !nce !y ext5d _! op]ations 9 all directions4 ,9 ! rig\r ( w9t] !y w lead _! c>avans to ,o*otsk1 or ,kja*ta1 or ,o/r[noje4 ,yet ! c\ntry !y trav]se is at all times a des]t4 ,! mean temp]ature ( ! ye> is only #ad4 ,9 ,novemb] ! !rmomet] s9ks to -#dj1 or #gb bel[ freez+-po9t4 ,! ,yana1 at ,ni%ni ,kolymsk1 freezes e>ly 9 ,septemb]2 & l[] d[n1 :]e ! curr5t is sluggi%1 load$ horses c cross its froz5 surface z e>ly z ! middle ( ,augu/3 yet ! ice does n melt be=e ,june4 ,! sun rema9s1 x is true1 ab\t fifty-two days above ! horizon2 b its light1 %r\d$ by almo/ cont9ual mi/s1 is att5d$ by b little heat1--& its orb1 compress$ by refraction into an elliptical =m1 may be exam9$ by ! nak$ eye )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,z ! climate1 s ! vegetation4 ,dw>fi% will[-%rubs1 /unt$ grass1 moss1 & a few b]ry-be>+ plants compose ! flora ( ! *e]less tundras4 ,!re is great] abundance & m v>iety 9 ! neighb\r+ & bett] %elt]$ valleys ( ! ,aniuj2 ! popl>1 bir*1 ?yme1 abs9?1 & l[ creep+ c$> enliv5 _! slopes2 b ev5 9 ^! places ,nature is mo/ nigg>dly ( h] gifts4 ,su* is n ! case1 h[ev]1 ) ! fauna ( ,arctic ,sib]ia4 ,! =e/s are t5ant$ by numb]s ( re9de]1 elks1 be>s1 foxes1 sables1 & gray squirrels2 :ile 9 ! l[ gr\nds /one foxes make _! burr[s4 ,) ! return ( spr+ come imm5se flights ( swans1 geese1 & ducks1 :i* build _! ne/s 9 ! mo/ seque/]$ corn]s4 ,! sea-coa/ is frequ5t$ by eagles1 owls1 & gulls2 ! bru%wood by ! :ite pt>migan2 ! brooks by hundr$s ( little snipes4 ,ev5 ! songs ( ! f9* are n want+ 9 spr+1 nor is ! ?ru% :olly sil5t 9 autumn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,summ+ up ! details record$ by ,admiral ,wrangell1 a rec5t writ] draws an impressive picture ( ! mode ( life ( ! p ( ?is desolate wa/e1 & obs]ves3 8,all d5otes t "h ! limits ( ! habitable e>? are pass$2 & "o asks ) a/oni%m5t1 ,:at c\ld induce human be+s to take up _! abode 9 s com=tless a region80 ,! *ief res\rce ( ! ,sullah]is ( ! ,riv] ,aniuj is1 he says1 ! re9de] *ase1--! success ( :i* ma9ly det]m9es :e!r fam9e or "s degree ( pl5ty is to be _! lot dur+ ! com+ w9t]4 ,! passage ( ! re9de] takes place twice a ye>3 9 spr+1 :5 ! mosquito-sw>ms drive !m to ! sea-coa/1 :]e !y fe$ on ! moss ( ! tundra2 & 9 autumn1 :5 ! increas+ cold =ces !m to retire inl&4 ,! spr+ migration1 :i* beg9s ab\t ! middle ( ,may1 is n v pr(itable2 p>tly because ! animals are !n 9 poor condition1 & p>tly because x is m difficult to kill !m z !y da% across ! froz5 riv]s4 ,! *ief hunt+ takes place 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 :5 ! h]ds1 ea* numb]+ sev]al ?\s& de]1 return to ! =e/s4 ,!y inv>iably cross ! riv] at a p>ticul> spot1 :]e a flat s&y bank enables !m to l& ) comp>ative ease2 & "h !y close up _! ranks1 z x 71 "u ! guidance ( ! /alw>t vet]ans ( ! h]d4 ,aft] a brief pause ( hesitation ! h]d plunge into ! wat]s1 & 9 a few m9utes ! surface ( ! riv] seems alive ) swimm+ re9de]4 ,n[ is ! hunt]'s "t2 & out f 8 concealm5t 9 ! re$y creek he d>ts 9 8 little boat1 w\nd+ z _m animals z he c4 ,:ile he & 8 comrades are ?us engag$1 !y run "s risk ( be+ capsiz$ 9 ! turmoil1 = ! bucks gallantly def5d !mselves ) horns1 & tee?1 & h9d legs1 :ile ! roes usually attempt to spr+ ) _! =e feet ^u ! gunwale ( ! boat4 ,if ! hunt] %\ld be ov]set1 8 sole *ance ( safety is to cl+ to a /rong animal1 :i* w c>ry him securely across ! /ream4 ,su* an accid5t1 h[ev]1 is ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,a good hunt] w kill a hundr$ re9de]1 or ev5 m1 9 half an h\r4 ,meantime1 ! o!r boats seize ! slaught]$ animals1 :i* become ! prop]ty ( _! crews2 :ile ^? t are m]ely w\nd$ & swim a%ore belong to ! hunt]s1 :o1 9 ! mid/ ( ! upro>1 :5 all _! /r5g? is task$ to ! utt]mo/1 s aim _! /rokes z only to w\nd sev]ely ! l>g] animals4 ,! noise ( ! horns /rik+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 ! 8inc>nad9$0 wat]s1 ! %\ts ( ! hunt]s1 ! cries ( pa91 rage1 & al>m ( ! /ruggl+ animals1 all =m a sc5e :i*1 once se51 is n easily =gott54 ,:ile ! m5 ( ,kolymsk are ?us engag$ dur+ ! brief summ]-"t 9 hunt+1 fi%+1 & haymak+1 ! wom5 w&] ov] ! c\ntry1 & climb ! sides ( ! m\nta9s1 = ! purpose ( ga!r+ edible roots1 aromatic h]bs1 & v>i\s k9ds ( b]ries--?\gh ! la/ d n rip5 e ye>4 ,! b]ry-pluck+ season at ,kolymsk1 l ! v9tage 9 ,france or ,italy1 is a season ( mir?1 a holiday int]val 9 a h>d & labori\s life4 ,! "y wom5 & girls =m l>ge p>ties1 & sp5d :ole days & nights 9 ! op5 air4 ,:5 ! b]ries are collect$1 cold wat] is p\r$ ov] !m1 & !y are pres]v$ 9 a froz5 /ate z an addition to ! scanty w9t] f>e4 ,we are told t 8social p>ties0 are n unkn[n at ,kolymsk1 & probably af=d z mu* or z little ent]ta9m5t !re z 9 m fav\r$ & m civiliz$ communities4 ,! /aple luxury is a deluge ( weak tea--v weak1 = ! aromatic leaves :i* *e] b n inebriate are v de> at ,kolymsk2 & z sug> is also a co/ly article1 e gue/ takes a lump ( c&y 9 8 m\?1 lets ! tea :i* he sips fl[ by1 & !n replaces x ^u ! sauc]4 ,x w\ld be consid]$ a brea* ( c\rtesy if he consum$ ! entire lump1 :i* ?us is made to d duty at m ?an "o soiree4 ,next to tea1 b n less e/eem$1 ! pr9cipal requisite = a ,kolymsk ent]ta9m5t is br&y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r important ,sib]ian p are ! ,tungusi1 :o spread f ! bas9s ( ! ,upp]1 ,middle1 & ,l[] ,tunguska to ! we/]n %ores ( ! ,sea ( ,o*otsk1 & f ! ,*9ese fronti]s & ! ,baikal to ! ,pol> ,ocean4 ,_! numb] does n exce$ ?irty ?\s&4 ,accord+ to _! avocations1 & ! dome/ic animals :i* con/itute _! weal?1 !y are kn[n z ! ,re9de]1 ,horse1 ,dog1 ,=e/1 & ,riv] ,tungusi4 ,^? :o keep or re> horses & cattle are b a few2 ! majority dep5d on ! re9de]4 ,! condition ( all is deplorably wret*$4 ,! ,tungusi has no res\rce b fi%+ or hunt+4 ,:5 ! riv]s are froz51 he )draws into ! =e/4 ,"h 8 mis]y is s great & 8 ne$ s extreme t he frequ5tly becomes a cannibal1 & attacks ! wives & *ildr5 ( 8 m =tunate c\ntrym54 ,9 happi] circum/ances he is rem>kable = ! read9ess ( 8 wit1 ! vivacity ( 8 mann]1 & ! bli!some c>elessness ( 8 disposition4 ,x is ass]t$1 h[ev]1 t he is bo? malignant & deceitful4 ,he is va92 & loves to decorate 8 p]son ) /r+s & ornam5ts ( glass beads1 f 8 small ,t>t> cap to ! tips ( 8 %oes4 ,:5 hunt+ ! re9de]1 or travell+ ?r\gh ! =e/s1 h[ev]1 he puts on l>ge wat]-tight boots1 or s>i1 well greas$ ) fat2 & he c>ries1 on ^! occasions1 a small axe1 a kettle1 a lea!rn wallet conta9+ "s dri$ fi%1 & a %ort gun1 or a b[ & a sl+4 ,he is always accompani$ by 8 fai?ful dog4 8,) ! assi/ance ( 8 long & n>r[ sn[-%oes1 he flies ov] ! dazzl+ pla92 & protects 8 eyes1 l ! ,jakut1 ) a net made ( black horse-hair4 ,he nev] hesitates to attack ! be> s+le-h&$1 & g5]ally ma/]s him4 ,! nomad ,tungusi naturally requires a movable dwell+4 ,8 t5t is cov]$ ) lea!r1 or l>ge pieces ( pliable b>k1 :i* are easily roll$ up1 & transport$ f place to place4 ,! j>t ( ! s$5t>y ,tungusi resembles t ( ! ,jakut1 & is s small t x c be v quickly & ?or\ghly w>m$ by a fire k9dl$ on ! /one he>? 9 ! c5tre4 ,9 8 food ! ,tungusi is by no means da9ty4 ,"o ( 8 fav\rite di%es consi/s ( ! cont5ts ( a re9de]'s /oma* mix$ ) wild b]ries1 & spread out 9 ?9 cakes on ! r9d ( trees1 to be dri$ 9 ! air or 9 ! sun4 ,^? :o h settl$ on ! ,wilnj & 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,n]ts*9sk likewise consume l>ge quantities ( bir* tea1 :i* !y boil ) fat & b]ries into a ?ick porridge2 & ?is un:olesome food adds1 no d\bt1 to ! yell[ness ( _! complexion40 99 99 99 99 99 ,we %all n[1 & la/ly1 take a glance at ! ,t*ukt*e 7or ,tuski71 :o inhabit ! nor?-ea/]n po9t ( ,asia1 ) ! ice-cov]$ wat]s ( ! ,pol> ,sea on "o side1 & ^? ( ,behr+ ,sea on ! o!r4 ,_! l& is b seldom visit$2 all1 h[ev]1 :o h v5tur$ ?i!r agree 9 describ+ x z "o ( ! mo/ melan*oly regions ( ! e>?4 ,! soil is b>r51 & half-froz51 yield+ no o!r vegetation ?an mosses & li*5s1 ! vacc9ium1 & ! dw>f bir* & will[1--except 9 ! l[ gr\nds1 :]e ! re$y m>%es are frequ5t$ 9 ! summ] by geese1 & swans1 & ducks1 & wad+-birds4 ,! climate is s rigor\s t "o wond]s man c make up 8 m9d to endure x4 ,!re is no summ] e>li] ?an ! #bj? ( ,july2 & on ! #bj? ( ,augu/ ! %ad[ ( w9t] comes ^u ! e>?4 ,animal life1 h[ev]1 if n v v>i$1 is abundant3 walruses1 sea-lions1 & seals inhabit ! coa/s2 & ! re9de]1 ! wolf1 ! argali1 & ! ,arctic fox are f\nd 9 ! int]ior4 ,! ,t*ukt*e are an ent]pris+ p1 & fond ( indep5d5ce4 ,unlike _! neighb\rs1 ! ,koriaks1 !y h always ma9ta9$ _! fre$om aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( ,russia4 ,!y are active & spirit$ trad]s4 ,9 sk9-cov]$ boats !y cross ,behr+ ,/raits1 & b>t] furs & walrus-tee? ) ! natives ( ,am]ica4 ,9 long c>avans1 _! sl$ges drawn by re9de]1 !y repair to ! great fair ( ,o/r[noje1 & c>ry on a vigor\s comm]ce ) ! ,russian m]*ants4 ,9 _! tra9 foll[ sl$ges lad5 ) supplies ( li*5 & moss = ! re9de]1 z 9 _! w&]+s1 h[ev] circuit\s ^! may be1 !y are compell$ to trav]se broad spaces ( /ony des]t1 :]e ev5 ^! ab/emi\s animals c obta9 no food4 ,z _! movem5ts are regulat$ by ! necessities ( _! h]ds1 !y occupy five or six mon?s 9 a j\rney :i*1 9 a /raight l9e1 w\ld n exce$ a ?\s& v]/s 9 l5g?2 !y are almo/ always migrat+ f place to place1 yet1 z !y inv>iably c>ry _! dwell+s ) !m1 !y nev] leave home4 ,a c>avan g5]ally consi/s ( fifty or sixty families2 & z soon z "o fair is at an end1 !y dep>t to make _! prep>ations = ! next4 ,! great /aple ( ! trade at ,o/r[noje is tobacco4 ,to secure a small supply ( ! n>cotic :i* =ms ! sole luxury ( _! dre>y lives1 ! ,eskimos ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ext5d+ f ! ,icy ,cape to ,bri/ol ,bay1 s5d _! articles ( b>t] f h& to h& z f> z ! ,gwosdus ,isl&s 9 ,behr+ ,/rait1 :]e ! ,t*ukt*e pur*ase !m ) tobacco b\ght at ,o/r[noje4 ,?us1 9 ! icy regions ( ! extreme nor?1 tobacco is ! s\rce & support ( consid]able comm]ce2 & ! n>cotic we$ :i* ,raleigh & 8 contempor>ies introduc$ f ,am]ica into ,europe1 & :i* f ,europe made its way into ,asia1 is export$ f ,asia = ! use ( ,am]ican tribes4 ,! balance ( trade1 h[ev]1 seems entirely aga9/ ! latt]4 ,we are told t ! sk9s :i* a ,t*ukt*e pur*ases ( an ,eskimo = half a pood 7eighte5 p\nds7 ( tobaccoleaves1 he sells to ! ,russian = two poods 7sev5ty-two p\nds72 & ^! sk9s1 co/+ ! ,russian ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty r\bles1 ! latt] sells at ,jakutsk = two hundr$ & sixty1 & at ,/4 ,pet]sburg = upw>ds ( five hundr$ r\bles4 ,! furs sold at ,o/r[noje are *iefly ^? ( /one foxes1 black & silv]-gray foxes1 gluttons1 lynxes1 ott]s1 beav]s1 & m>t5s4 ,o!r products br\ght ?i!r by ! ,t*ukt*e are be>-sk9s1 walrus-tee?1 & ?ongs1 sl$ge-runn]s 7made ( :ale ribs71 & dresses ( re9de]-sk94 ,! ,russians1 besides tobacco1 dispose ( kettles1 axes1 knives1 guns1 tea1 & sug>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a visit to ! family ( a ,t*ukt*e *ief is ?us describ$ by "o ( ,admiral ,wrangell's companions3-- ,we ent]$ ! out] t5t1 or namet1 consi/+ ( tann$ re9de]-sk9s out/ret*$ on a sl5d] framework4 ,an op5+ at ! top to give egress to ! smoke1 & a kettle on ! he>? 9 ! c5tre1 %[$ t ante*amb] & kit*5 7 "h h>moni\sly bl5d$ into "o4 ,b :]e might be ! inmates8 ,mo/ probably 9 t l>ge sack made ( ! f9e/ sk9s ( re9de] calves1 :i* occupi$1 ne> ! kettle1 ! c5tre ( ! namet4 ,to p5etrate into ?is 8sanctum sanctorum0 ( ! ,t*ukt* h\sehold1 we rais$ ! loose flap :i* s]v$ z a door1 crept on all f\rs ?r\gh ! op5+1 cauti\sly refa/5$ ! flap by tuck+ x "u ! floor-sk91 & f\nd ourselves 9 ! polog--t is1 ! reception or )draw+-room4 ,a snug box1 no d\bt1 = a cold climate1 b r l[1 z we 7 unable to /& upright 9 x2 nor 0 x q s well v5tilat$ z a sanit>y commission] w\ld require1 z x _h positively no op5+ = light or air4 ,a suffocat+ smoke met u on ent]+3 we rubb$ our eyes2 & :5 !y _h at l5g? got accu/om$ to ! pung5t atmosph]e1 we p]ceiv$1 by ! gloomy light ( a tra9-oil lamp1 ! wor?y family sitt+ on ! floor 9 a /ate ( almo/ complete nudity4 ,)\t be+ 9 ! lea/ emb>rass$1 ,madame ,lett & h] daught] receiv$ u 9 _! primitive co/ume2 b to %[ u t ! ,t*ukt*e knew h[ to receive company1 & to d hon\r to _! gue/s1 !y imm$iately ins]t$ /r+s ( glass beads 9 _! hair4 ,_! hospitality equall$ _! polit5ess2 =1 in/ead ( a cold reception1 a hot di% ( boil$ re9de] fle%1 copi\sly irrigat$ ) rancid tra9-oil by ! exp]i5c$ h& ( ! mi/ress ( ! h\sehold1 0 soon aft] smok+ be=e !m4 ,! cul9>y ta/e ( ! ,russians1 h[ev]1 c\ld n appreciate ?is "w ( art1 & ! ,lett family 7 left to d ju/ice to x unaid$4 ,! ,t*ukt*e are polygam\s4 ,_! wom5 are reg>d$ z slaves1 b are n badly treat$4 ,mo/ ( ! ,t*ukt*e h be5 baptiz$1 b !y cl+ 9 secret to _! hea!n cre$1 & own ! p[] ( ! %amans1 or necromanc]s4 ,!y =m two great divisions3 ! re9de]1 or w&]+ ,t*ukt*e1 :o call !mselves ,t5nygk2 & ! /ation>y ,t*ukt*e1 or ,oukilon1 :o exhibit aff9ities ) ! ,eskimos1 & subsi/ by hunt+ ! :ale1 ! walrus1 & ! seal4 ,! ,oukilon are suppos$ to numb] #aj1jjj1 & ! ,t5nygk ab\t #bj1jjj4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,hi/orical ,,sket* ,,( ,,arctic ,,discov]y4 ,9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,?orne decl>$ t 8if he _h facultie to 8 w1 ! fir/ ?+ he w\ld und]/&e1 ev5 to attempt1 w\ld be if our seas nor?w>de be navigable to ! ,pole or no40 ,& x is said t ! k+1 at 8 in/igation1 8s5t two fair %ips1 well-mann$ & victuall$1 hav+ 9 !m div]s cunn+ m51 to seek /range regions2 & s !y set =? out ( ! ,?ames1 ! #bj? day ( ,may1 9 ! n9ete5? ye> ( 8 reign1 :i* 0 ! ye> ( our ,"l #aebg40 ,( ! details ( ?is exp$ition1 h[ev]1 we h no record1 except t "o ( ! vessels 0 wreck$ on ! coa/ ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,9 #aecf1 a second ,arctic voyage 0 und]tak5 by a ,london g5tleman1 nam$ ,hore1 accompani$ by ?irty memb]s ( ! ,inns ( ,law1 & ab\t ! same numb] ( adv5tur]s ( a l[] e/ate4 ,!y rea*$ ,newf\ndl&1 :i*1 accord+ to "s au?orities1 0 discov]$ by ,seba/ian ,cabot 9 #adif1 & "h !y suff]$ t]rible di/ress2 9 ! extremity ( _! ne$ be+ r$uc$ to cannibalism4 ,aft] ! dea?s ( a great portion ( ! crew1 ! survivors captur$ by surprise a ,fr5* vessel :i* _h arriv$ on ! coa/1 & navigat$ h] 9 safety to ,engl&4 ,b ! true hi/ory ( ,arctic ,discov]y dates1 z ,mr4 ,m>kham obs]ves1 f ! day :5 ! vet]an navigator1 ,seba/ian ,cabot1 expla9$ to "y ,edw>d ,,vi4 ! ph5om5a ( ! v>iation ( ! ne$le4 ,on ! same day ! ag$ sailor receiv$ a p5sion2 & imm$iately aft]w>ds ?ree discov]y-%ips 7 fitt$ out by ! ,muscovy ,company "u 8 direction4 ,sir ,hugh ,will\ghby 0 appo9t$ to _! comm&1 ) ,ri*>d ,*ancellor 9 ! ,edw>d ,bonadv5ture z 8 second4 ,! latt]1 soon aft] quitt+ ,engl&1 0 sep>at$ f ! squadron1 & sail+ 9 a nor!rly direction1 ga9$ at la/ a spaci\s h>b\r on ! ,muscovy coa/4 ,sir ,hugh's %ip1 & h] companion1 ! ,bona ,confid5tia1 7 ca/ away on a desolate "p ( ! ,lapl& coa/1 at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,arz9a4 ,!y ent]$ ! riv] on ,septemb] #ah1 #aefc1 & rema9$ !re = a week2 & 8see+ ! ye> f> sp5t1 & also v evil wea!r1 z fro/1 sn[1 & hail1 z ?\gh x _h be5 ! deep ( w9t]1 !y ?\ght x be/ to w9t] !re40 ,b z day foll[$ day1 & week foll[$ week1 9 ^? grim solitudes ( ice & sn[1 ! brave adv5tur]s p]i%$ "o by "o2 & _m mon?s aft]w>ds _! blea*$ bones 7 discov]$ by "s ,russian fi%]m54 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aeef1 ,/eph5 ,burr\gh1 aft]w>ds *ief pilot ( ,engl&1 fitt$ out ! 8,se>*-?rift0 p9nace1 & sail$ away = ! remote nor?4 ,he discov]$ ! /rait lead+ into ! sea ( ,k>a1 betwe5 ,novaia ,zemlaia & ! isl& ,waigatz2 b he made up 8 m9d to return1 because1 fir/1 ( ! nor? w9ds1 :i* blew cont9ually2 second1 8! great & t]rible abundance ( ice :i* we saw ) our eyes20 & ?ird1 because ! nights wax$ d>k4 ,he arriv$ at ,ar*angel on ,septemb] #aa1 w9t]$ !re1 & return$ to ,engl& 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat]1 on a bright ,may morn+1 ,que5 ,elizabe? wav$ a f>ewell to ,m>t9 ,frobi%] & 8 gallant company1 z !y dropp$ d[n ! ,?ames 9 two small b>ks1 ! ,gabriel & ! ,mi*ael1 ea* ( ?irty tons1 toge!r ) a p9nace ( t5 tons4 ,!y ga9$ ! %ores ( ,friesl& on ! #aa? ( ,july2 & sail+ to ! s\?-we/1 rea*$ ,labrador4 ,!n1 /rik+ nor?w>d1 !y discov]$ 8a great gut1 bay1 or passage10 :i* !y nam$ ,frobi%] ,/rait 7lat4 #fc #h' ,n471 & fell into ! error ( suppos+ t x connect$ ! ,atlantic ,ocean ) ! ,pacific4 ,"h !y came into contact ) "s ,eskimos2 & ,frobi%] describes !m z 8/range infidels1 ^: l 0 nev] se51 read1 nor he>d ( be=e3 ) long black hair1 broad faces & flat noses1 & tawny 9 col\r1 we>+ seal-sk9s1 ! wom5 m>k$ 9 ! face ) blue /reaks d[n ! *eeks1 & r\nd ab\t ! eyes40 ,frobi%]'s discov]ies produc$ s great an impression on ! public m9d1 t 9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 plac$ at ! head ( a l>g] exp$ition1 9 ! hope t he w\ld ?r[ op5 to ,engli% ent]prise ! weal? ( 8f> ,ca?ay40 ,ab\t ! end ( ,may #aegg1 he sail$ f ,graves5d ) ! ,ayde ( "o hundr$ tons1 ! ,gabriel ( ?irty1 & ! ,mi*ael ( ?irty1 c>ry+ crews ( n9ety m5 9 all1 besides ab\t ?irty m]*ants1 m9]s1 ref9]s1 & artisans4 ,he return$ 9 ,septemb] ) two hundr$ tons ( :at 0 suppos$ to be gold ore1 & met ) a w>m reception4 ,x 0 consid]$ almo/ c]ta9 t he _h fall5 9 ) "s portion ( ! ,indian coa/1 & ,que5 ,elizabe?1 nam+ x ,meta ,incognita1 resolv$ to e/abli% !re a colony4 ,= ?is purpose1 ,frobi%] 0 dispat*$ ) fifte5 well-equipp$ %ips1 ?ree ( :i* 7 to rema9 = a twelvemon? at ! new settlem5t1 :ile ! o!rs1 tak+ on bo>d a c>go ( ! preci\s ore1 7 to return to ,engl&4 ,9 ! ?ird week ( ,june ,frobi%] arriv$ at ,friesl&1 ( :i* he took possession 9 ! que5's "n4 ,/e]+ = ,frobi%] ,/rait1 he f\nd its entrance block$ up ) colossal iceb]gs2 & ! b>k ,d5nis1 :i* c>ri$ ! wood5 h\ses & /ores = ! colony1 com+ 9 collision ) "o ( ^!1 un=tunately sank4 ,!n1 9 a great /orm1 ! fleet 0 scatt]$ f> & wide1--"s ( ! vessels drift+ out to sea1 "s be+ driv5 into ! /rait2 & :5 mo/ ( !m rejo9$ _! admiral1 x 0 f\nd !y _h suff]$ s sev]ely t no help rema9$ b to ab&on ! project ( a colony4 ,!y collect$ fre% supplies ( ore1 h[ev]1 & !n made _! way back to ,engl& z be/ !y c\ld4 ,"h !y 7 met ) ! unwelcome intellig5ce t ! suppos$ gold ore conta9$ no gold at all1 & 01 9 tru?1 m]e dross & refuse4 ,! dream ( a nor!rn passage to ,ca?ay 0 n to be dissipat$1 h[ev]1 by an occasional misadv5ture4 ,ev5 a man ( ! ke5 intellect ( ,sir ,humphrey ,gilb]t felt p]suad$ t ?r\gh ! nor!rn seas lay ! %orte/ r\te to ! treasures ( ! ,ea/2 & hav+ obta9$ f ,que5 ,elizabe? a pat5t au?oriz+ him to und]take nor?-we/]n discov]ies1 & to acquire possession ( any l&s n inhabit$ or coloniz$ by ,*ri/ian pr9ces or _! subjects1 he equipp$1 9 #aehc1 ) ! help ( 8 fri5ds1 a squadron ( five small %ips1 & sail$ f ,engl& full ( bright visions & sangu9e anticipations4 ,on bo>d 8 fleet 7 smi?s1 & c>p5t]s1 & %ipwrights1 & masons1 & ref9]s1 & 8m9]al m520 n to speak ( "o ,/eph5 ,p>m5io1 a le>n$ ,hung>ian1 :o 0 b\nd to *ronicle 9 sonor\s ,lat9 all 8ge/s & ?+s wor?y ( remembrance40 ,sir ,humphrey =m$ a settlem5t at ,newf\ndl&2 & !n1 emb>k+ on bo>d ! ,squirrel1 a little p9nace ( t5 tons burd51 & tak+ ) him ! ,gold5 ,h9d & ! ,delight1 he proce$$ on a voyage ( exploration4 ,unhappily1 ! ,delight ran a%ore on ! %oals ne> ,sable ,l&1 & all h] crew except twelve m51 & all h] /ores1 7 lo/4 ,! disa/] det]m9$ ,sir ,humphrey to return to ,engl&2 & 8 companions implor$ him to emb>k on bo>d ! ,gold5 ,h9d1 repres5t+ t ! ,squirrel 0 unfit = s long a voyage4 8,i w n =sake10 repli$ ! *ivalr\s adv5tur]1 8! brave & free companions ) :om ,i h und]gone s _m /orms & p]ils40 ,soon aft] pass+ ! ,azores1 !y 7 ov]tak5 by a t]rible tempe/1 9 :i* ! t9y p9nace 0 toss$ ab\t by ! waves l a /raw4 ,! ,gold5 ,h9d kept z ne> h] z ! roll+ bill[s p]mitt$2 & h] capta9 has left on record t he c\ld see ,sir ,humphrey sitt+ calmly 9 ! /]n read+ a book4 ,he 0 he>d to exclaim--8,c\rage1 my lads2 we are z ne> heav5 by sea z by l&60 ,!n night came on1 ) its %ad[s & its sil5ce1 & next morn+ x 0 p]ceiv$ t ! p9nace & h] gallant freight _h gone to swell ! sum ( ! irrecov]able treasures ( ! deep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,loss ,,( ,,! 8,,squirrel40 ,b nei!r ,frobi%]'s mi%ap nor ,sir ,humphrey ,gilb]t's melan*oly fate c\ld *eck t curr5t ( ,engli% ent]prise :i* _h set 9 = ! ,nor?4 ,!re 0 an irresi/ible attraction 9 ^! remote nor!rn seas & di/ant mi/-%r\d$ l&s1 ) all _! possibilities ( weal? & glory2 & ,arctic ,discov]y _h already begun to ex]cise on ! m9d ( ! ,engli% p t s+ul> fasc9ation :i* ! c\rse ( c5turies has n weak5$1 :i* endures ev5 to ! pres5t day4 ,s1 9 #aehe1 ,sir ,adrian ,gilb]t & "s o!r g5tlem5 ( ,devon%ire rais$ funds suffici5t to fit out a c\ple ( vessels--! ,sun%9e ( fifty1 & ! ,moon%9e ( ?irty-five tons--= ! great "w ( discov]y2 & !y gave ! comm& to a vet]an m>9] & capable navigator1 ,capta9 ,john ,davis1 a c\ntryman1 or c\nty-man1 ( _! own4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,july he rea*$ ! we/ coa/ ( ,gre5l&1 & its *e]less aspect induc$ him to *ri/5 x ! 8,l& ( ,desolation40 ,8 int]c\rse ) ! ,eskimos1 h[ev]1 0 ( ! fri5dlie/ "*4 ,/&+ away to ! nor?-we/1 he discov]$ & cross$ ! /rait :i* /ill be>s 8 "n2 & to ! headl& on its we/]n coa/ he gave ! "n ( ,cape ,wals+ham4 ,hav+ ?us op5$ up1 ?\gh unwitt+ly1 ! great highway to ! ,pol> ,sea1 he sail$ = ,engl&1 :]e he arriv$ on ! #bj? ( ,septemb]4 ,9 8 second voyage1 9 #aehf1 :51 9 addition to ! ,sun%9e & ! ,moon%9e1 he _h ) him ! ,m]maid ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty tons1 & ! ,nor? ,/> p9nace ( t51 he retrac$ 8 r\te ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,! ,sun%9e & ! ,nor? ,/>1 h[ev]1 he employ$ 9 cruis+ along ! ea/ coa/ ( ,gre5l&2 & !y asc5d$1 x is said1 z high z lat4 #hj ,n4 ,davis 9 8 ?ird voyage pu%$ fur!r to ! nor?1 rea*+ z f> z ! bold promontory :i* he nam$ ,cape ,s&]son4 ,he also cross$ ! great *annel aft]w>ds kn[n z ,hudson ,bay4 ,! next ,engli%man :o v5tur$ into ! froz5 seas 0 "o ,capta9 ,waym\?1 9 #afjb2 b he add$ no?+ to ! scanty in=mation already acquir$4 ,an ,engli%man1 ,james ,hall1 0 ! *ief pilot ( an exp$ition fitt$ out 9 #afje by ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 :i* explor$ "s portion ( ! ,gre5l& coa/4 ,he made ?ree successive voyages2 b :ile exhibit+ 8 own c\rage & resolution1 he contribut$ no?+ to ! /ores ( geographical k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we n[ arrive at a "n :i* des]v$ly ranks among ! =emo/ ( ,arctic explor]s--t ( ,h5ry ,hudson4 ,he contribut$ m to our acqua9tance ) ! ,pol> seas ?an any "o :o _h prec$$ him1 & few ( 8 successors h surpass$ him 9 ! ext5t & ?or\ghness ( 8 rese>*es4 ,he fir/ appe>s1 says ,mr4 ,m>kham1 fitt+ out a little cock-boat = ! ,muscovy ,company1 call$ ! ,hopewell 7( eighty tons71 to discov] a passage by ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,may #afjg he sail$ f ,gre5wi*4 8,:5 we consid] ! means ) :i* he 0 provid$ = ! a*ievem5t ( ?is great discov]y1 we are a/oni%$ at ! fe>less audacity ( ! attempt4 ,"h 0 a crew ( twelve m5 & a boy1 9 a wret*$ little craft ( eighty tons1 coolly talk+ ( sail+ "r across ! ,pole to ,japan1 & actually mak+ z c>eful & judici\s a trial ( ! possibility ( do+ s z has ev] be5 effect$ by ! be/ equipp$ mod]n exp$itions4444 ,imag9e ?is bold seaman sail+ f ,graves5d1 b\nd = ! ,nor? ,pole1 9 a craft ab\t ! size ( "o ( ! smalle/ ( mod]n colli] brigs4 ,we c =m a good idea ( h] g5]al appe>ance1 because ?ree su* vessels are del9eat$ on ! *>t drawn by ,hudson himself4 ,! ,hopewell 0 m l an old ,surat buggal[ ?an any?+ else t n[ sails ! seas1 ) high /]n1 & l[ po9t$ b[2 %e _h no head-sails on h] b[sprit1 b1 to make up = ?is1 ! =ema/ 0 /epp$ *ock =w>d4 ,!re 0 a cab9 "u ! high & n>r[ poop1 :]e ,hudson & 8 little son 7 accommodat$2 & ! crew 7 cr[d$ =w>d40 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ip ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,hudson fir/ sight$ l& beyond ! ,arctic ,circle 9 lat4 #gj4 ,x 0 ! cold1 grim coa/ ( ,ea/ ,gre5l&4 ,?ree degrees fur!r nor? a *a9 ( l(ty peaks1 all b>e ( sn[1 rose ^u ! horizon1 & ,hudson's m5 not$ t ! temp]ature daily increas$ 9 mildness4 ,/e]+ to ! nor?-ea/1 ! great navigator arriv$ (f ! %ores ( ,spitzb]g51 :]e "s ( 8 m5 l&$ & pick$ up v>i\s fragm5ts ( :alebone1 horns ( de]1 walrus-tee?1 & relics ( o!r animals4 ,to ! nor?-we/ po9t ( ,spitzb]g5 he gave ! "n :i* x /ill be>s--,hakluyt's ,headl&4 ,at "o "t he f\nd himself z f> nor? z #ha2 & x seems probable t he discov]$ ! ,sev5 ,isl&s3 he rem>k$ t ! sea 0 9 "s places gre51 9 o!rs blue2 & he says1 8,our gre5 sea we f\nd to be free/ f ice1 & our azure-blue sea to be our icy sea20 an obs]vation n confirm$ by lat] navigators4 ,! gre5ness 0 probably due to ! pres5ce ( m9ute organisms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sc5]y ,,( ,,jan ,,may54 ,hav+ complet$ a survey ( ! we/ coa/ ( ,spitzb]g51 he resolv$ on sail+ r\nd ! nor? end ( ,gre5l&1 :i* he suppos$ to be an isl&1 & return+ to ,engl& by ,davis ,/rait4 ,) ?is view he aga9 exam9$ ! sea betwe5 ,spitzb]g5 & ,gre5l&1 b f ! /rong ice-bl9k along ! nor!rn horizon felt conv9c$ t !re 0 no passage 9 t direction4 ,aft] sight+ ,spitzb]g51 !re=e1 he det]m9$ to return to ,engl&2 & on 8 homew>d voyage discov]$ an isl& 9 lat4 #ga ,n41 :i* he nam$ ,hudson ,sut*es1 & :i* has s9ce be5 improp]ly nam$ ,jan ,may54 ,! ,hopewell arriv$ 9 ! ,?ames on ! #ae? ( ,septemb]4 ,! results ( ?is voyage1 says ,mr4 ,m>kham1 7 v important1 bo? 9 a geographical & a comm]cial po9t ( view4 ,hudson _h discov]$ a portion ( ! ea/ coa/ ( ,gre5l&2 he _h exam9$ ! edge ( ! ice betwe5 ,gre5l& & ,spitzb]g5 twice--9 ,june & 9 ! end ( ,july2 & he _h sail$ to ! nor?w>d ( ,spitzb]g5 until he 0 /opp$ by ! ice1 rea*+ almo/ z high a latitude z ,scoresby 9 #ahjf1 :i* 0 #ha #ab #db ,n4 ,hudson's highe/ latitude by obs]vation 0 #hj #bc'1 b he sail$ = two m days 9 a nor?-ea/]ly direction4 ,! practical consequ5ce ( 8 voyage 0 t 8 acc\nt ( ! quantities ( :ales & sea-horses 9 ! ,spitzb]g5 seas l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( a ri* & prosp]\s fi%]y1 :i* cont9u$ to fl\ri% = two c5turies4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ,hudson made a second voyage1 9 ! hope ( discov]+ a nor?-ea/]n passage to ,*9a betwe5 ,spitzb]g5 & ,novaia ,zemlaia4 ,he exhibit$ 8 *>act]i/ic resolution1 & =c$ 8 way to ! v gate ( ! unkn[n region1 :i* is /ill clos$ aga9/ human ent]prise by an imp5etrable b>ri] ( ice2 b all 8 ef=ts prov$ 9 va91 & he return$ to ,graves5d on ! #bf? ( ,augu/4 ,9 #afaj1 9 a vessel ( fifty-five tons1 he once m ent]$ ! ,pol> seas1 & ga9$ ! extreme po9t ( ,labrador1 :i* he nam$ ,cape ,wol/5holm4 ,"h bur/ ^u him ! view ( t magnific5t sea :i* has s9ce be5 associat$ ) 8 "n2 & !re c be no d\bt t 8 ent]prise w\ld h anticipat$ ! discov]ies ( lat] navigators1 b = ! mut9y :i* broke out among 8 crew1 & ev5tually l$ to 8 be+ s5t adrift1 ) n9e fai?ful companions1 9 a small op5 boat4 ,he 0 nev] aga9 he>d (4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! _s ( comm]cial ent]prise & ! love ( m>itime adv5ture 7 /ill /rong en\gh 9 ,engl& to induce ! equipm5t ( fur!r exp$itions4 ,9 #afab sail$ ,capta9 ,button1--:o discov]$ a /ream1 & nam$ x ,nelson ,riv]2 :]e1 at a lat] date1 ! ,hudson ,bay ,company plant$ _! fir/ settlem5t4 ,"h he w9t]$4 ,9 ,april #afac1 on ! break+ up ( ! ice1 he resum$ 8 "w ( exploration1 & discov]$1 9 lat4 #fe1 an isl& gr\p1 :i* he nam$ ,manuel1 n[ kn[n z ,mansfield1 ,isl&s4 ,!n he bore away = ,engl&1 arriv+ 9 ! ,?ames e>ly 9 ,septemb]4 ,rob]t ,bylot & ,william ,baff9 und]took a voyage 9 #afae4 ,! latt] _h _h "s previ\s exp]i5ce ( ,arctic navigation1 :i* he turn$ to advantage 9 #afaf1 :5 he accompani$ ,bylot on a second exp$ition4 ,_! %ip1 ! ,discov]y1 ( fifty-five tons1 rea*$ ,cape ,hope ,s&]son1 ! fur!/ po9t atta9$ by ,davis1 on ! #cj? ( ,may2 & aft] meet+ ) "s ob/ruction f ! ice1 proce$$ nor?w>ds to #gb #de'1 :]e %e dropp$ an*or = a:ile among ! ,wom5's ,isl&s4 ,baff9 kept to ! nor? until he f\nd ice 9 #gd #ae' ,n41 & he !n asc5d$ ,melville ,bay1 t\*+ ! head ( ! great bas9 n[ kn[n by 8 "n1 & sail+ d[n its we/]n coa/4 ,he arriv$ 9 ,dov] ,roads on ! #cj? ( ,augu/1 aft] a brilliantly successful voyage1 :i* _h op5$ up ! pr9cipal nor?-we/ *annels into ! ,arctic ,sea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is necess>y "h to int]polate a few rem>ks 9 explanation ( ! difficulties :i* beset ! ,baff9 ,bay r\te ( ,arctic exploration4 ,geograph]s ass]t1 & ! ass]tion seems confirm$ by ! exp]i5ce ( navigators1 t a surface-curr5t is con/antly fl[+ d[n ?is bay1 & c>ry+ great fleets ( iceb]gs & %oals ( ice-floes into ! ,atlantic f its s\!rn *annels--,lanca/]1 ,jones1 & ,smi? ,s\nds4 ,h5ce1 at ! head ( ! bay !re exi/s a consid]able op5 & navigable expanse1 :i* ext5ds = "s di/ance up ,lanca/] & ,smi? ,s\nds dur+ ! summ] & e>ly w9t]1 & is kn[n z ! 8,nor? ,wat]40 ,b betwe5 ?is op5 expanse & ,davis ,/rait lies an imm5se mass ( ice1 av]ag+ f "o hundr$ & sev5ty to two hundr$ miles 9 wid?1 & block+ up ! c5tre ( ,baff9 ,bay1 s z to int]rupt ! approa* to ! nor?-we/ end4 ,?is is kn[n z ! 8middle pack10 & consi/s ( "s anci5t floe-pieces ( great ?ickness1 :i* may h be5 br\ght d[n f a di/ant "p ( ! ,arctic seas2 ( a wide ext5t ( ice accumulat$ dur+ ea* w9t]1 ab\t six or eight feet 9 ?ickness2 & ( ! gr& & gigantic iceb]gs :i* are s *>act]i/ic a feature ( ! ,melville ,bay sc5]y4 ,a v l>ge quantity ( ?is pack is de/roy$ 9 ea* succe$+ summ] by ! ?aws1 or by ! swell & w>m temp]ature ( ! ,atlantic z ! ice drifts s\?w>d4 ,x is rem>k$ ( ! ,baff9 ,bay ice1 t x is mu* light] ?an t f\nd 9 ! ,spitzb]g5 seas4 ,! latt] (t5 occurs 9 s+le %eets1 solid1 transp>5t1 & f tw5ty to ?irty1 & ev5 =ty1 feet 9 ?ickness4 ,9 ,baff9 ,bay ! av]age ?ickness ( ! floes does n exce$ five or six feet1 & eight or t5 feet is ( v r>e occurr5ce4 ,f ,baff9's voyage1 9 #afaf1 until #ahag1 no attempt 0 made to =ce ?is 8middle pack0 & ent] ! ,nor? ,wat]2 b n[ ! voyage is made e ye>1 & ?ree r\tes h be5 op5$ up4 ,! fir/ is call$ ! 8,nor?-ab\t ,passage10 & lies along ! ,gre5l& coa/2 ! second1 or 8,middle ,passage10 only possible late 9 ! season1 is by ent]+ ! drift-ice 9 ! c5tre ( ! bay2 & ! ?ird1 or 8,s\!rn ,passage10 also only possible late 9 ! season1 along ! we/ side ( ,baff9 ,bay4 ,once 9 ! ,nor? ,wat]1 :i*ev] r\te be attempt$1 all ob/acles to an exploration ( ! unkn[n region may be consid]$ at an end4 ,f ,cape ,york to ,smi? ,s\nd ! sea is always navigable 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! great highways to ! ,pole 7 discov]$ by ,william ,baff94 ,our limits compel u to pass ov] ! voyages ( ,/eph5 ,b5net 7#afjc-afaj71 ,jonas ,poole 7#afaj-afac71 & ,capta9 ,luke ,fox 7#afca74 ,9 #afca ! m]*ants ( ,bri/ol despat*$ ,capta9 ,?omas ,james1 b he made no additions to ! discov]ies ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,& !n = ne>ly two c5turies ,engl& ab&on$ h] ef=ts to op5 up a communication betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ! ,pacific4 ,9 #ahah1 h[ev]1 ! "q ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,nor?-,we/ ,passage once m occupi$ ! public m9d2 & ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t accord+ly fitt$ out an explor+ exp$ition1 ! ,isabella & ! ,alex&]1 "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,ross & ,lieut5ant ,p>ry4 ,!y sail$ f ,engl& on ! #ah? ( ,april1 rea*$ ! s\!rn edge ( ! ,baff9 ,bay ice on ! #bnd ( ,july1 &1 aft] a det5tion ( ?irty-eight days1 rea*$ ! ,nor? ,wat] on ,augu/ #h?4 ,! capes on ea* side ( ! m\? ( ,smi? ,s\nd1 ,ross nam$ aft] 8 two %ips2 & hav+ accompli%$ ?is mu*1 he affirm$ t he saw l& aga9/ ! horizon at a di/ance ( eight leagues1 & !n retrac$ 8 c\rse1 & sail$ = ,engl&4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 refus$ to be disc\rag$ by ! failure ( an exp$ition :i* _h obvi\sly be5 conduct$ ) an entire abs5ce ( vig\r & ent]prise4 ,!y !re=e equipp$ ! ,hecla & ! ,grip]1 & gave ! comm& to ,lieut5ant ,p>ry2 :o sail$ f ! ,?ames on ! #e? ( ,may #ahai1 & on ! #ae? ( ,june sight$ ,cape ,f>ewell4 ,/rik+ nor?w>d1 up ,davis ,/rait & ,baff9 ,bay1 he f\nd himself *eck$ by ! ice-b>ri] 9 lat4 #gc ,n4 ,a man ( dauntless resolution1 he came to ! det]m9ation ( =c+ a passage at all haz>ds2 & 9 sev5 days1 by ! ex]cise ( a /rong w1 great sagacity1 & fir/-rate seaman%ip1 he succe$$ 9 c>ry+ 8 %ips ?r\gh ! pack ( ice1 :i* measur$ eighty miles 9 bread?4 ,he 0 !n able to ent] ,sir ,james ,lanca/] ,s\nd2 & up ?is noble inlet he proce$$ ) a fair w9d1 hopeful ( ent]+ ! great ,pol> ,sea4 ,b aft] advanc+ a consid]able di/ance1 he 0 once m met by ! froz5 p[]s ( ! ,nor?1 & ?is "t he 0 =c$ to own himself vanqui%$4 ,he accord+ly return$ t[>ds ! s\?1 discov]+ ,b>r[ ,/rait2 &1 m to ! we/w>d1 an inlet :i* has s9ce figur$ conspicu\sly 9 ,arctic voyages--,well+ton ,*annel4 ,ba?ur/ ,isl& he also add$ to ! map2 & aft]w>ds he came 9 sight ( ,melville ,isl&4 ,on ! #d? ( ,septemb] he atta9$ ! m]idian ( #aaj ,w4 long41 & ?us became entitl$ to ! ,p>liam5t>y grant ( #ejjj4 ,a conv5i5t h>b\r 9 ! vic9ity 0 nam$ ! 8,bay ( ! ,hecla & ! ,grip]10 & "h ,lieut5ant ,p>ry resolv$ ^u pass+ ! w9t]4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+ he resum$ 8 adv5tur\s c\rse1 & complet$ a v c>eful survey ( ! %ores ( ,baff9 ,sea2 aft] :i* he repair$ to ,engl&1 & rea*$ ! ,?ames 9 safety1 ) 8 crews 9 good heal?1 & 8 %ips 9 excell5t condition1 ab\t ! middle ( ,novemb] #ahbj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,hecla0 ,,& 8,,fury0 ,,w9t]+ ,,at ,,w9t] ,,isl&4 ,hav+ done s mu* & s well1 x 0 natural t ,capta9 ,p>ry %\ld aga9 be select$ = employm5t 9 ! ,arctic seas 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,he hoi/$ 8 flag 9 8 old %ip1 ! ,hecla1 & 0 accompani$ by ! ,fury2 bo? vessels be+ equipp$ 9 ! mo/ lib]al mann]4 ,he sail$ f ! ,nore on ! #h? ( ,may #ahba2 he return$ to ! ,%etl& ,isl&s on ! #aj? ( ,octob] #ahbc4 ,9 ! int]val1 a p]iod ( sev5-&-tw5ty mon?s1 he discov]$ ! ,duke ( ,york ,bay1 ! num]\s inlets :i* break up ! nor!rn coa/-l9e ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 ,w9t] ,isl&1 ! isl&s ( ,anatoak & ,ooght1 ! ,/rait ( ! ,fury & ,hecla1 ,melville ,p59sula1 & ,cockburn ,isl&4 ,dur+ _! w9t] soj\rn on ,w9t] ,isl&1 ! ,engli% crews 7 surpris$ by a visit f a p>ty ( ,eskimos1 ^: settlem5t ,capta9 ,p>ry visit$ 9 8 turn4 ,he f\nd x an e/abli%m5t ( five huts1 ) canoes1 sl$ges1 dogs1 & above sixty m51 wom51 & *ildr51 z regul>ly1 &1 to all appe>ance1 z p]man5tly fix$ z if !y _h occupi$ ! same spot ! :ole w9t]4 8,if ! fir/ view10 says ,p>ry1 8( ! ext]ior ( ?is little village 0 su* z to create a/oni%m5t1 t feel+ 0 9 no small degree height5$ on accept+ ! invitation soon giv5 u to ent] ^! extraord9>y h\ses1 9 ! con/ruction ( :i* we obs]v$ t n a s+le mat]ial 0 us$ b sn[ & ice4 ,aft] creep+ ?r\gh two l[ passages1 hav+ ea* its ar*$ doorway1 we came to a small circul> ap>tm5t1 ( :i* ! ro( 0 a p]fect ar*$ dome4 ,f ?is ?ree doorways1 also ar*$1 & ( l>g] dim5sions ?an ! outw>d ones1 l$ into z _m inhabit$ ap>tm5ts--"o on ea* side1 & ! o!r fac+ u z we ent]$4 ,! int]ior ( ^! pres5t$ a sc5e no less novel ?an int]e/+3 ! wom5 7 seat$ on ! b$s at ! sides ( ! huts1 ea* hav+ h] little fireplace or lamp1 ) all h] dome/ic ut5sils ab\t h]4 ,! *ildr5 crept beh9d _! mo!rs1 & ! dogs %rank pa/ u 9 dismay4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is inhabit$ "p ( ! hut 0 simil> to t ( ! out] ap>tm5t1--be+ a dome1 =m$ by sep>ate blocks ( sn[ laid ) great regul>ity & no small art1 ea* be+ cut into ! %ape requisite to =m a sub/antial ar*1 f sev5 to eight feet high 9 ! c5tre1 & hav+ no support :atev] b :at ?is pr9ciple ( build+ supplies4 ,suffici5t light 0 admitt$ into ^! curi\s edifices by a circul> w9d[ ( ice1 neatly fitt$ into ! ro( ( ea* ap>tm5t40 ,9 #ahbd-be ,capta9 ,p>ry und]took a ?ird voyage1 b ) less ?an 8 usual success4 ,! ,fury 0 driv5 a%ore by ! pressure ( ! pack-ice1 & s damag$1 t ,p>ry f\nd x ne$ful to ab&on h]1 & remove h] crew & /ores to ! ,hecla4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,fury0 ,,ab&on$ ,,by ,,p>ry--#ahbd4 ,sir ,john ,p>ry's f\r? & la/ exp$ition1 9 #ahbg1 0 *>act]iz$ by 8 bold attempt to cross ! icy sea 9 light boats & sl$ges2 resort+ to ! =m] :5 8 progress 0 int]rupt$ by pools ( wat]1 & to ! latt] 9 trav]s+ ! unbrok5 surface ( ! ice-fields4 ,he 0 soon compell$1 h[ev]1 to ab&on ! sl$ges1 on acc\nt ( ! hummocks & irregul>ities ( ! ice4 ,we agree ) ,mr4 ,cooley1 t volunt>ily to und]take ! toil & brave ! dang] ( su* an exp$ition1 requir$ a zeal little %ort ( en?usiasm4 ,:5 ! travell]s rea*$ a wat]-way1 !y 7 oblig$ to laun* _! boats & emb>k4 ,on rea*+ ! opposite side1 _! boats 7 !n to be dragg$1 frequ5tly up /eep & p]il\s cliffs1 _! lad+ be+ fir/ remov$4 ,by ?is labori\s process1 p]sev]$ 9 ) little int]mission1 !y contriv$ to accompli% eight miles 9 five days4 ,!y travell$ only dur+ ! night1 by :i* means !y 7 less incommod$ ) sn[-bl9dness2 !y f\nd ! ice m firm & consi/5t2 & _h ! great advantage ( ly+ d[n to sleep dur+ ! w>m] portion ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,%ortly aft] sunset !y took _! breakfa/2 !n !y lab\r$ = a few h\rs be=e tak+ _! pr9cipal meal4 ,a little aft] midnight1 t[>ds sunrise1 !y halt$ z if = ! night1 smok$ _! pipes1 look$ ov] ! icy des]t 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! j\rney 0 to be resum$2 & !n1 wrapp+ !mselves 9 _! furs1 lay d[n to re/4 ,advanc+ z f> nor? z #hb #dj'1 !y 7 !n compell$ by ! drift+ ( ! sn[-fields to retrace _! /eps4 ,!y rega9$ _! %ips on ! #ba/ ( ,augu/1 & sail$ = ,engl&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mu/ n[ g back a few ye>s4 ,9 ,may #ahai1 an ov]l& exp$ition 0 despat*$ to asc]ta9 ! exact position ( ! ,copp]m9e ,riv]1 to desc5d x to its m\?1 & to explore ! coa/ ( ! ,arctic ,sea on ei!r h&4 ,! comm& 0 giv5 to ,lieut5ant ,frankl91 :o 0 accompani$ by ,dr4 ,ri*>dson ! naturali/1 by ,messrs4 ,hood & ,back1 two ,engli% mid%ipm51 & two pick$ seam54 ,! exp$ition 0 spread ov] a p]iod ( two ye>s & a half1 & ! n>rative ( :at 0 accompli%$ & endur$ by its memb]s reads l a romance4 ,!y rea*$ ! m\? ( ! ,copp]m9e1 & !n laun*$ _! little b>ks on ! *ill wat]s ( ! ,pol> ,sea4 ,) mu* p]sev]ance1 & aft] enc\nt]+ "s s]i\s ob/acles1 !y made _! way along its %ores 9 a we/]ly direction z f> z ,po9t ,turnaga91 9 lat4 #fh #cj' ,n4 ,betwe5 ?is headl& on ! ea/1 & ,cape ,b>r[ on ! we/1 op5s a deep gulf1 /ret*+ inl& z f> z ! ,arctic ,circle1 ,frankl9 nam$ x ,george ! ,f\r?'s ,coronation ,gulf2 & describes x z /udd$ ) num]\s isl&s1 & ind5t$ ) s\nds af=d+ excell5t h>b\rs1 all ( !m suppli$ ) small riv]s ( fre% wat]1 ab\nd+ ) salmon1 tr\t1 & o!r fi%4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pass+ ov] ,frankl9's aft]-lab\rs 9 ! great cause ( ,arctic ,discov]y1 lab\rs :i* secur$ him ! well-m]it$ rew>d ( knigh?ood1 we come to t la/ voyage1 :i* help$1 z we %all see1 to solve ! problem ( a ,nor?-,we/ ,passage1 b 0 ! cause ( "o ( ! sadde/ *apt]s 9 ! hi/ory ( ,m>itime ,ent]prise4 ,x 0 9 ! spr+ ( #ahde t ,sir ,john ,frankl91 9 comm& ( ! ,erebus & ! ,t]ror1 ) ,capta9 ,crozi]1 an exp]i5c$ ,arctic navigator1 z 8 lieut5ant1 & at ! head ( "o hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 pick$ seam51 brave1 resolute1 & h>dy1 once m sail$ = ! ,pol> wat]s4 ,on ! #h? ( ,june he left ! ,orkneys1 & a mon? lat] arriv$ 9 ,baff9 ,bay4 ,ab\t ! end ( ,july "s :al+-%ips 9 ,melville ,bay saw ! ,erebus & ,t]ror cont5d+ gallantly ) ! ice :i* imp$$ _! progress to ,lanca/] ,s\nd4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #bf? ! ice op5$ up1 & ! two discov]y-%ips sail$ away into ! nor?-we/]n seas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,two ye>s pass$1 & no news rea*$ ,engl& ( ,frankl9 & 8 companions4 ,z day succe$$ day1 & week foll[$ week1 & /ill no tid+s came1 m5 grew anxi\s1 & !n al>m$2 8expectation d>k5$ into anxiety1 anxiety into dread40 ,at la/1 x 0 det]m9$ to in/itute a se>* = ! miss+ h]oes4 ,an exp$ition 0 s5t out "u ,sir ,james ,ross2 ano!r "u ,sir ,john ,ri*>dson2 b nei!r obta9$ any in=mation4 ,by _m all hope 0 !n ab&on$2 & ! fate ( ,frankl9 0 reg>d$ z "o ( ^? my/]ies :i* ! hi/orian 9 va9 attempts to unravel4 ,he & 8 m5 _h p]i%$2 ( t !re c\ld be no reasonable d\bt4 ,yet a few 7 sangu9e en\gh to believe t !y _h tak5 refuge among ! ,eskimos1 or 7 dragg+ out a we>y exi/5ce 9 "s remote wild]ness1 9 expectation ( help f home4 ,frankl9's brave & noble wife 0 "o ( ^? :o1 :atev] !y fe>$ or hop$1 71 at all ev5ts1 det]m9$ n to re/ until "s accurate in=mation _h be5 ga9$4 ,& r\nd h] ga!r$ ! mo/ em95t sci5tific m5 ( ! day1 ^: influ5ce comb9$ ) ! g5]al sympa?y ( ! p to enc\rage ! ,gov]nm5t 9 a fur!r ef=t4 ,x 0 9 #ahej t ! fir/ clue to ! position ( ! ,erebus & ,t]ror 0 secur$ 9 ,bee*ey ,isl&1 ?r\gh ! accid5tal det5tion !re ( ! se>*+ exp$itions ( ,capta9s ,au/9 & ,p5ny4 ,!y 7 b\nd = ,melville ,isl&1 b on rea*+ ! entrance ( ,well+ton ,*annel 7,augu/ #ahej71 7 met by su* imm5se fields ( ice sweep+ d[n x & out ( ,b>r[ ,/rait1 t !y 7 glad to seek %elt] 9 a great bay at ! ea/]n end ( ! *annel1--a bay almo/ bisect$1 z x 71 by ,bee*ey ,isl&4 ,on ! #bcrd1 a boat f ,capta9 ,ommaney's %ip1 ! ,assi/ance1 happ5$ to l& on "o ( ! extreme po9ts ( ! bay2 & ! crew1 9 ! c\rse ( _! w&]+s1 7 n a little surpris$ to discov] traces ( a =m] visit f ,europeans4 ,"u ! l(ty cliff ( ,cape ,riley !y came ^u ! gr\ndwork ( a t5t1 scraps ( canvas & rope1 a quantity ( birds' bones & fea!rs1 & a long-h&l$ rake :i*1 app>5tly1 _h be5 us$ = collect+ ! ri* r>e we$s t cov] ! bottom ( ! ,arctic wat]s4 ,t ,europeans _h be5 encamp$ !re1 0 c]ta91 b n a "n or record associat$ ! rema9s ) ,frankl9's exp$ition4 ,news ( ! discov]y1 h[ev]1 rea*$ ,capta9 ,p5ny1 an ,ab]de5 seaman1 :o _h be5 employ$ by ! ,briti% ,admiralty z lead] ( a sep>ate exp$ition2 & 9 conjunction ) ,lieut5ant de ,hav51 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy1 :o 0 9 comm& ( ! exp$ition lib]ally equipp$ by ,mr4 ,gr9nell1 ( ,new ,york1 he resolv$ to exam9e ! ea/ coa/ ( ,well+ton ,*annel ) m9ute c>e1 9 ! belief t "s memorials ( ,frankl9 w\ld ?us be discov]$4 ,f a po9t call$ ,cape ,sp5s]1 ! ,am]icans1 on foot1 pursu$ ! trail ( a sl$ge up ! ea/ side ( ,well+ton ,*annel1 until1 at "o day's j\rney beyond ,cape ,innis1 x sudd5ly ceas$1 z if ! p>ty _h !re turn$ back aga94 ,a bottle & a piece ( ,! ,times newspap] 7 ! only relics :i* fell into ! h&s ( ! se>*]s4 ,meantime1 ,capta9 ,p5ny _h an*or$ 8 %ips "u ! we/]n po9t ( ,bee*ey ,isl&1 & despat*$ a boat to take up ! clue at ,cape ,riley1 & foll[ x to ! ea/w>d1 9 ! ev5t ( ! traces be+ ^? ( a p>ty retreat+ f ! %ips1 suppos+ !m to h be5 ice-b\nd 9 ! nor?-we/1 to ,baff9 ,bay4 ,?is boat-p>ty ev5tually return$ unsuccessful2 b1 "o aft]noon1 "s m5 belong+ to ! ,lady ,frankl9 ask$ leave1 & obta9$ x1 = ! purpose ( a ramble ov] ,bee*ey ,isl&4 ,!y saunt]$ along t[>ds ! l[ project+ portion ( ! isl& :i* ext5ds nor?w>d1 *oos+ a conv5i5t spot to cross ! huge ridges ( ice :i* lay pil$ up along ! bea*2 !y 7 se5 to m\nt ! acclivity or backbone ( ! po9t4 ,9 a m9ute aft]w>ds _! fri5ds on bo>d ! %ips 7says ,admiral ,%]>d ,osborn7 saw ! p>ty ru% simultane\sly t[>ds a d>k object1 r\nd :i* !y collect$1 ) signs ( great excitem5t4 ,pres5tly "o ran hi!r1 "o ?i!r4 ,fev]i% ) anxiety1 ^? on bo>d knew imm$iately t "s fre% traces _h be5 f\nd1 & a g5]al sortie took place to ,bee*ey ,isl&4 8,eh1 sir10 said a gallant ,scot* m>9]1 :5 relat+ ! discov]y--8eh1 sir1 my he>t 0 9 my m\?1 & ,i didna k5 ,i c\ld r9 s fa/ a=e40 ,& :at _h be5 f\nd8 ,a cairn1 ( a pyramidal =m1 :i* _h evid5tly be5 con/ruct$ ) mu* c>e4 ,! base consi/$ ( a s]ies ( pres]v$-meat t9s1 fill$ ) gravel & s&2 & m t9s 7 s arrang$ z to tap] gradually upw>ds to ! summit ( ! cairn1 9 :i* 0 plant$ ! fragm5t ( a brok5 bo>d+-pike4 ,to all appe>ance x _h be5 purposely rais$ = ! reception ( "s docum5tal record1 yet no?+ c\ld be f\nd 9 or ab\t ! spot1 9 spite ( ! mo/ p]sev]+ ef=ts4 ,b pres5tly look+ along ! nor!rn slope ( ! isl&1 o!r /range objects caught ! eye4 ,ano!r ru% ( anxi\s excit$ be+s1 & !y /ood be=e ?ree graves2 & _m ( !m bru%$ away ! unwont$ te> z !y read ^u _! humble tablets ! words ,erebus & ,t]ror4 99 99 99 99 99 ,capta9 ,au/9 foll[$ up ,capta9 ,p5ny 9 8 explorations ( ! ,arctic wa/es1 b no fur!r in=mation 0 obta9$ ( ,frankl9's movem5ts4 ,x 0 impossible to det]m9e :e!r on 8 way home he _h p]i%$ 9 ,baff9 ,bay2 :e!r he _h /ruck to ! nor?-we/ by ,well+ton ,*annel2 or :e!r he 0 haply imprison$ 9 ,melville ,isl&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h no space1 nor is x necess>y1 to dwell on ! records ( ! v>i\s se>*+ exp$itions fitt$ out by ! ,gov]nm5t1 or by ,lady ,frankl9 & h] fri5ds4 ,x mu/ be not$1 h[ev]1 t "o ( ^!1 l$ by ,capta9 7aft]w>ds ,sir7 ,rob]t ,m',clure1 succe$$ 9 accompli%+ ! ent]prise 9 :i* ,frankl9 p]i%$1 &1 ent]+ ! ,nor!rn ,ocean by ,behr+ ,/rait1 actually =c$ its way1 ?r\gh sn[ & ice1 into ! ,atlantic4 ,! ,nor?-,we/ ,passage1 s long s\ght1 0 ?us discov]$2 b ! discov]y1 ?\gh int]e/+ & valuable f a geographical po9t ( view1 0 foll[$ by no comm]cial results4 ,9 tru?1 x prov$ t ! r\te along ! nor?-we/ ( ! ,am]ican ,cont95t c\ld nev] be practicable = ord9>y vessels4 ,x may be ass]t$ t ne>ly all m5 _h ab&on$ hope & expectation ( asc]ta9+ any exact p>ticul>s ( ! fate ( ,frankl9 & 8 foll[]s1 :51 t[>ds ! close ( ! autumn ( #ahed1 ,dr4 ,rae1 a well-kn[n travell] & ,arctic explor]1 sudd5ly appe>$ 9 ,engl&1 br++ ) him ! mo/ curi\s evid5ce ( ! disa/]s :i* _h ov]:elm$ a p>ty t _h evid5tly be5 travell+ f ! ice-b\nd ,erebus & ,t]ror t[>ds ! ,great ,fi% ,riv]4 ,dr4 ,rae _h asc]ta9$ f "s ,eskimos ) :om he _h be5 travell+ t ?is p>ty numb]$ =ty p]sons1 & t all _h di$ ( />vation f\r ye>s prior to ,dr4 ,rae's visit4 ,! un=tunate 8:ite m50 _h be5 fir/ se5 on ,k+ ,william's ,l&2 lat] 9 ! same ye> _! dead bodies _h be5 obs]v$ ne> or ab\t ! m\? ( ! ,great ,fi% ,riv] 7#ahej74 ,dr4 ,rae br\ght home num]\s pieces ( silv] plate obta9$ f ! ,eskimos1 :i* 7 m>k$ ) ! names ( (fic]s ( ! two %ips4 ,lady ,frankl9 0 enc\rag$ by ?is intellig5ce to urge ^u ! ,gov]nm5t ! propriety ( despat*+ an exp$ition to ! po9ts indicat$ by ! ,eskimos2 b ! ,gov]nm5t cont5t$ !mselves ) apply+ to ! ,hudson ,bay ,company4 ,! result 0 an ov]l& exp$ition 9 #ahee to ! m\? ( ! ,great ,fi% ,riv]1 by ,mr4 ,&]son1 "o ( ! ,company's *ief (fic]s4 ,he _h no boat ) him capable ( rea*+ ,k+ ,william's ,l&1 ?\gh x 0 only sixty miles di/ant f ! po9t he atta9$1 nor 0 he accompani$ by an ,eskimo int]pret]4 ,he asc]ta9$1 h[ev]1 t only a portion ( ! (fic]s & m5 ( ! ,erebus & ,t]ror _h rea*$ ! ,great ,fi% ,riv]--"s =ty ( !m1 v possibly1 z ,dr4 ,rae _h be5 in=m$2 ^! =ty1 ) ! ?ree graves ^u ,bee*ey ,isl&1 /ill leav+ n9ety-five p]sons unacc\nt$ =4 99 99 99 99 99 ,lady ,frankl9 & h] fri5ds cont9u$ to press ^u ,gov]nm5t ! ne$ = fur!r inquiry2 b f9d+ ! responsible m9i/]s unwill+ to int]f]e 9 :at !y _h come to consid] a hopeless ent]prise1 !y contriv$1 ) "s help f ! public1 to pur*ase & fit out a /rongly-built screw-s*oon]1 ( :i* ,capta9 ,m',cl9tock volunte]$ to take ! comm&4 ,he sail$ f ,engl& 9 ! summ] ( #aheg2 rea*$ ,melville ,bay 9 safety1 b 0 !n held fa/ by ! float+ ice4 ,! w9t]1 h[ev]1 came & w5t )\t any injury to him & 8 gallant b&2 & on ! #bg? ( ,july #aheh1 ! ,fox /ret*$ across to ,lanca/] ,s\nd4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,augu/ %e arriv$ at ,bee*ey ,isl&1 & repl5i%$ h] dim9i%$ /ores f ! depts left !re by previ\s exp$itions4 ,!n %e pu%$ to ! we/w>d1 pa/ ,cape ,ho?am & ,griffi? ,isl&1 s\?w>d ?r\gh ,sir ,rob]t ,peel ,*annel1 & s into ,pr9ce ,reg5t ,inlet4 ,hav+ arriv$ (f ! ea/]n entrance ( ,bellot ,/rait1 %e f\nd x block$ up by a wall ( ice1 & f ! #bj? ( ,augu/ to ! #f? ( ,septemb] %e wat*$ = an opportunity ( break+ ?r\gh x4 ,on ! #f? %e made ! passage1 b only to f9d ! o!r end ob/ruct$ by an impassable ice-b>ri]2 &1 aft] five fruitless attempts1 h] capta9 br\ght h] to an*or = ! w9t] 9 ,port ,k5n$y1 on ! nor!rn side ( ! /rait4 ,:5 ! new ye> op5$1 ,m',cl9tock resolv$ on und]tak+ sl$ge excursions 9 v>i\s directions1 ) ! view ( obta9+ "s in=mation ( ,frankl9 & 8 exp$ition4 ,9 "o ( !m1 at ,cape ,victoria1 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,boo?ia 7lat4 #fi #ej' ,n41 long4 #if ,w471 he asc]ta9$ f ! natives t1 sev]al ye>s previ\sly1 a %ip _h be5 wreck$ (f ! nor!rn %ores ( ,k+ ,william's ,l&2 t all h] crew l&$ safely1 & set (f on a j\rney to ! ,great ,fi% ,riv]1 :]e !y di$4 ,aga93 9 ,april1 fall+ 9 ) ! same p>ty ( ,eskimos1 !y le>n$ fur!r1 t besides ! %ip :i* _h sunk 9 deep wat]1 ano!r _h be5 driv5 a%ore by ! ice4 ,capta9 ,m',cl9tock !reupon cross$ to ,montreal ,isl&1 travell$ r\nd ! e/u>y ( ! ,great ,fi% ,riv]1 & visit$ ,po9t ,ogle & ,b>r[ ,isl&4 ,on ,may #g1 he fell 9 ) an old ,eskimo woman1 :o told him t _m ( ! :ite m5 dropp$ by ! way z !y made t[>ds ! ,great ,fi% ,riv]2 t "s 7 buri$1 & "s 7 n4 ,proce$+ 9 :at he conceiv$ to h be5 ! r\te ( ! retreat+ crews1 he discov]$1 ne> ,po9t ,h]s*el1 a blea*$ skeleton2 evid5tly t ( "o :o _h fall5 beh9d ! ma9 body1 f weakness & fatigue1 & _h di$ :]e he _h fall54 ,illu/ration3 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,! ,,cairn ,,conta9+ ,,sir ,,john ,,frankl9',s ,,pap]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,relics ,,( ,,! ,,frankl9 ,,exp$ition ,,br\ght ,,back ,,to ,,engl&4 ,mean:ile1 ,lieut5ant ,hobson1 :o _h />t$ ) ano!r sl$g+ p>ty1 _h made ! important discov]y ( a record1 giv+ a brief acc\nt ( ! ,frankl9 exp$ition up to ! "t :5 ! %ips 7 lo/4 ,x 0 f\nd )9 a cairn con/ruct$ on ,po9t ,victory1 & x set =? ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3-- ,! ,erebus & ,t]ror sp5t _! fir/ w9t] at ,bee*ey ,isl&1 9 ! spot discov]$ by ,p5ny & ,au/9's exp$ition2 b !y _h previ\sly explor$ ,well+ton ,*annel z f> z #gc ,n41 & pass$ d[n aga9 into ,b>r[ ,/rait1 betwe5 ,cornwallis & ,ba?ur/ ,l&4 ,9 #ahdf ! two %ips seem to h sail$ ?r\gh ,peel ,*annel1 until caught 9 ! ice (f ,k+ ,william's ,l&1 on ! #ab? ( ,septemb]4 ,9 ,may #ahdg1 ,lieut5ant ,graham ,gore & ,mr4 des ,vux l&$1 & erect$ a cairn a few miles s\? ( ,po9t ,victory1 & deposit$ 9 x a docum5t :i* /at$ t1 on t day1 all 7 well1 ) ,sir ,j4 ,frankl9 9 comm&4 ,)9 a mon?1 h[ev]1 t illu/ri\s navigator di$ 7,june #aa71 & ?us 0 sp>$ ! t]rible trials :i* afflict$ 8 foll[]s4 ,! ice did n move1 & ! w9t] ( #ahdg-dh clos$ 9 ^u !m4 ,x prov$ fatal to n9e (fic]s & fifte5 m54 ,on ,april #bb1 #ahdh1 ! two %ips1 :i* _h be5 imprison$ = upw>ds ( n9ete5 mon?s1 7 des]t$1 & ! (fic]s & crews1 "o hundr$ & five 9 numb]1 "u ! comm& ( ,capta9s ,crozi] & ,fitzjames1 />t$ = ! ,great ,fi% ,riv]4 ,at ! cairn & all ab\t x lay a great quantity ( clo?+ & o!r articles1 :i* ! suff]]s _h f\nd f exp]i5ce ( ?ree days to be a heavi] weight ?an _! enfeebl$ /r5g? 0 able to drag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,boats ,,( ,,! ,,frankl9 ,,exp$ition4 ,f ?is po9t to a spot ab\t midway betwe5 ,po9t ,victory & ,po9t ,h]s*el no?+ ( mu* importance 0 discov]$1 & ! skeletons z well z relics 7 deeply emb$d$ 9 sn[4 ,at ?is midway /ation1 h[ev]1 ! top ( a piece ( wood project+ out ( ! sn[ 0 se5 by ,lieut5ant ,hobson1 & on digg+ r\nd x a boat 0 discov]$4 ,x /ood on a v heavy sl$ge1 & )9 x 7 a c\ple ( skeletons4 ,! "o 9 ! bottom ( ! /]n-%eets 0 cov]$ ) a great quantity ( ?r[n-(f clo?+2 ! o!r1 9 ! b[s1 seem$ to h be5 t ( "s poor fell[ :o _h crept !re to look out1 & 9 t position fall5 into 8 la/ sleep4 ,a c\ple ( guns1 load$ & ready cock$1 /ood upright to h&1 z x !y _h be5 prep>$ = use aga9/ wild animals4 ,ar\nd ?is boat 0 ano!r accumulation ( ca/-(f articles2 & x 0 ! belief ( ,m',cl9tock t ! p>ty 9 *>ge ( h] 7 return+ to ! %ips1 z x !y discov]$ _! /r5g? unequal to ! t]rible j\rney be=e !m4 ,x may be assum$1 h[ev]1 t ! /rong] portion ( ! crews /ill pu%$ on ) ano!r boat1 & t "s rea*$ ,montreal ,isl& & asc5d$ ! ,great ,fi% ,riv]4 ,! po9t1 says ,%]>d ,osborn1 at :i* ! fatal imprisonm5t ( ! ,erebus & ,t]ror 9 #ahdf took place1 0 only n9ety miles f ! spot rea*$ by ,dease & ,simpson 9 _! boats 9 #ahch-ci1 com+ f ! ea/4 ,n9ety miles m ( op5 wat]1 & ,frankl9 & 8 gallant crew w\ld h n only won ! prize !y s\ght1 b rea*$ _! homes to we> _! well-e>n$ hon\rs4 8,x 0 n to be s4 ,let u b[ 9 humility & awe to ! inscrutable decrees ( t ,provid5ce :o rul$ x o!rwise4 ,!y 7 to discov] ! great highway betwe5 ! ,pacific & ! ,atlantic4 ,x 0 giv5 !m to w9 = _! c\ntry a discov]y = :i* %e _h risk$ h] sons & lavi%ly sp5t h] weal? ?r\gh _m c5turies2 b !y 7 to die 9 accompli%+ _! la/ great e>?ly task3 &1 /ill m /range1 b = ! en]gy & devotion ( ! wife ( _! *ief & lead]1 x w\ld 9 all probability nev] h be5 kn[n t !y 7 inde$ ! ,fir/ ,discov]]s ( ! ,nor?-,we/ ,passage40 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h ?\ght x = ! conv5i5ce ( our read]s to set be=e !m an un9t]rupt$ n>rative ( ! ex]tions made to asc]ta9 ! fate ( ,frankl9 & 8 companions by ,engli% seam5 "u ,engli% influ5ce2 b we mu/ n[ return to #ahec1 to *ronicle ! ,am]ican exp$ition "u ,dr4 ,kane--:i* did n1 inde$1 succe$ 9 its prim>y object1 b made "s rem>kable additions to our k ( ! ,pol> ,regions4 ,dr4 ,eli%a ,kane sail$ f ,bo/on 9 #ahec1 9 comm& ( ! ,advance1 ) a crew ( sev5te5 (fic]s & m51 to :om two ,gre5l&]s 7 subsequ5tly add$4 ,on ! #g? ( ,augu/ he pass$ ! two great headl&s :i* gu>d ! entrance ( ,smi? ,s\nd1--,cape ,isabella & ,cape ,alex&]1 discov]$ & nam$ 9 ! prec$+ ye> by ,capta9 ,+lefield1--& aft] a voyage ( equal difficulty & dang] rea*$ ,r5ssela] ,bay on ! ea/ coa/ ( ! s\nd1 :]e he pass$ ! w9t]4 ,a few extracts f 8 di>y w %[ "u :at conditions1 & 9 :at circum/ances1 ,kane & 8 foll[]s pass$ ! long & dre>y w9t] mon?s3-- 8,octob] #bh?4--,! moon has rea*$ h] greate/ nor!rn decl9ation ( ab\t #be #ce'4 ,%e is a glori\s object2 sweep+ ar\nd ! heav5s1 at ! l[e/ "p ( h] curve1 %e is /ill #ad above ! horizon4 ,= eight days %e has be5 mak+ h] circuit ) ne>ly unv>y+ brightness4 ,x is "o ( ^? sp>kl+ nights t br+ back ! memory ( sleigh-bells & songs1 & glad commun+s ( he>ts 9 l&s t are f> away4 8,novemb] #g?4--,! d>kness is com+ on ) insidi\s /ead9ess1 & its advances c only be p]ceiv$ by comp>+ "o day ) its fell[ ( "s "t back4 ,we /ill read ! !rmomet] at noonday )\t a light1 & ! black masses ( ! hills are pla9 = ab\t five h\rs1 ) _! gl>+ pat*es ( sn[2 b all ! re/ is d>kness4 ,! />s ( ! six? magnitude %9e out at noonday4 ,except ^u ! isl& ( ,spitzb]g51 :i* has ! advantages ( an insul> climate1 & temp]$ by ocean-curr5ts1 no ,*ri/ians h w9t]$ 9 s high a latitude z ?is4 ,!y are ,russian sailors :o made ! enc\nt] !re--m5 inur$ to h>d%ips & cold4 ,our d>kness has n9ety days to run be=e we %all get back aga9 ev5 to ! conte/$ twilight ( to-day4 ,altoge!r our w9t] w h be5 sunless = "o hundr$ & =ty days4 8,decemb] #ae?4--,we h lo/ ! la/ ve/ige ( our mid-day twilight4 ,we _c see pr9t1 & h>dly pap]2 ! f+]'s _c be c\nt$ a foot f ! eyes4 ,noonday & midnight are alike2 &1 except a vague glimm] 9 ! sky t seems to def9e ! hill outl9es to ! s\?1 we h no?+ to tell u t ?is ,arctic _w ( ours has a sun4 ,9 ! d>kness1 & consequ5t inaction1 x is almo/ 9 va9 t we seek to create topics ( ?\ght1 &1 by a =c$ excitem5t1 to w>d (f ! encroa*m5ts ( disease40 ,b 9 due "t ! long ,arctic night pass$ away1 & ! season came r\nd = und]tak+ ! sl$ge j\rneys :i* 7 ! ma9 object ( ! exp$ition4 ,b ,dr4 ,kane 0 !n met by a new difficulty4 ,out ( ! n9e spl5did ,newf\ndl& & ?irty-five ,eskimo dogs :i* he _h orig9ally possess$1 only six _h surviv$ a peculi> malady t _h seiz$ !m dur+ ! w9t]2 & ?\gh "s fre% pur*ases 7 made f ! ,eskimos :o visit$ ,r5ssela] ,h>b\r e>ly 9 ,april1 8 means ( transport rema9$ :olly inadequate4 ,kane1 moreov]1 :o ?\gh /rong ( he>t 0 weak ( body1 _h suff]$ mu* f ! rig\r ( ! climate1 & 0 9 a sadly feeble condition :51 on ! #be? ( ,april #ahed1 he />t$ on 8 nor?w>d j\rney4 ,he f\nd ! ,gre5l& coa/1 z he asc5d$ ,kane ,sea1 full ( romantic surprises2 ! cliffs ris+ to a height ( t5 hundr$ & elev5 hundr$ feet1 & pres5t+ ! bolde/ & mo/ fanta/ic outl9es4 ,?is "* is cont9u$ z f> z ! ,great ,humboldt ,glaci]4 ,! coa/ is ind5t$ by f\r great bays1 all ( !m communicat+ ) deep gorges1 :i* are wat]$ by /reams f ! int]ior ice-fields4 ,! mean height ( ! table-l&1 till x rea*es ! b$ ( ! ,great ,glaci]1 ,dr4 ,kane e/imat$1 9 r\nd numb]s1 at #ijj feet2 its talle/ summit ne> ! wat] at #acjj1 & ! rise ( ! backgr\nd above ! g5]al level at #fjj m4 ,! face ( ?is /up5d\s ice-mass1 z x def9$ ! coa/1 0 ev]y:]e an abrupt & ?reat5+ precipice1 only brok5 by clefts & deep rav9es1 giv+ bread? & int]e/ to its wild expression4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,?ree ,,bro!r ,,turrets40 ,dr4 ,kane in=ms u t ! mo/ picturesque portion ( ! coa/ occurs 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,dallas ,bay4 ,"h ! r$ s&/ones contra/ v fav\rably ) ! blank :it5ess1 & associate ! w>m col\rs ( m s\!rn l&s ) ! cold t9ts ( ! ,arctic sc5]y4 ,! seasons h act$ on ! diff]5t lay]s ( ! cliff s z to give !m all ! appe>ance ( jo9t$ masonry1 & ! n>r[ /ratum ( gre5/one at ! top surm\nts !m ) boldly-design$ battlem5ts4 ,to "o ( ^! 8int]e/+ freaks ( ,nature0 ,kane gave ! "n ( ! 8,?ree ,bro!r ,turrets40 ,! crumbl$ ru9 at ! foot ( ! coa/-wall l$ up1 l an artificial causeway1 to a rav9e t blaz$ at noonday ) ! gl[ ( ! s\!rn sun1 :5 ev]y:]e else ! rock lay 9 blacke/ %ad[4 ,j at ! edge ( ?is lane ( light rose ! semblance ( a ca/le1 flank$ ) triple t[]s1 completely isolat$ & def9$4 ,^! 7 ! ,?ree ,turrets4 ,/ill fur!r to ! nor?1 a solit>y cliff ( gre5/one1 m>k$ by ! slaty lime/one t once encas$ x1 sprang f a mass ( brok5 s&/one1 l ! r\gh-hewn ramp>t ( an anci5t city4 ,at its nor!rn extremity1 on ! br9k ( a deep rav9e1 wr\ght out among ! ru91 /ood a solit>y column1 or m9>et-t[]1 ! p$e/al ( :i* 0 n less ?an #bhj feet 9 height1 :ile ! %aft 0 fully #dhj feet4 ,dr4 ,kane associat$ ?is rem>kable beacon ) ! "n ( ! poet ,t5nyson4 ,dr4 ,kane cont9u$ 8 advance1 & on ! #d? ( ,may approa*$ ! ,great ,glaci]4 ,?is progress1 h[ev]1 0 de>ly e>n$4 ,ow+ to ! excessive cold & lab\r1 mo/ ( 8 p>ty suff]$ f pa9ful pro/ration2 ?ree 7 attack$ ) sn[-bl9dness2 & all 7 tr\bl$ ) dropsical swell+s4 ,(f ,cape ,k5t1 :ile tak+ an obs]vation = latitude1 ,kane himself 0 seiz$ ) a sudd5 pa91 & fa9t$4 ,8 limbs became rigid4 ,he 0 /rapp$ ^u ! sl$ge1 & insi/$ t ! m>* %\ld be cont9u$4 ,b1 on ! #e?1 he grew deliri\s1 & fa9t+ e "t t he 0 tak5 f ! t5t to ! sl$ge1 he succumb$ entirely4 8,my comrades10 writes ?is h]oic man1 ?an :om no brav] or m resolute _s ev] v5tur$ into ! dre>y ,nor!rn wilds1 8w\ld k9dly p]suade me t1 ev5 _h ,i cont9u$ s\nd1 we c\ld n h proce$$ on our j\rney4 ,! sn[s 7 v heavy1 & increas+ z we w5t2 "s ( ! drifts p]fectly impassable1 & ! level floes (t5 f\r feet deep 9 yield+ sn[4 ,! scurvy _h already brok5 out among ! m51 ) symptoms l my own2 & ,morton1 our /ronge/ man1 0 beg9n+ to give way4 ,x is ! rev]se ( com=t to me t !y %>$ my weakness4 ,all t ,i %\ld rememb] ) pleasurable feel+ is1 t to five brave m51 !mselves sc>cely able to travel1 ,i owe my pres]vation40 ,!y c>ri$ him back to ! brig at ,r5ssela] ,h>b\r1 & = sev]al days he lay fluctuat+ betwe5 life & dea?4 ,z ! summ] came on1 h[ev]1 8 heal? sl[ly improv$2 & ?\gh unable to und]take any sl$ge excursions 9 p]son1 he organiz$ a s]ies ( exp$itions 9 :i* 8 /rong] companions took "p4 ,dr4 ,hayes cross$ ! /rait 9 a nor?-ea/]ly direction1 rea*$ ! opposite coa/ ( ,gr9nell ,l&1 :]e ! cliffs v>i$ f #abjj to #bjjj feet 9 height1 & survey$ x z f> z ,cape ,fras]1 9 lat4 #gi #de'4 ,he return$ on ,june #a/1 &1 a few days lat]1 ,morton dep>t$ to survey ! ,gre5l& %ore beyond ! ,humboldt ,glaci]4 ,8 j\rney 0 a difficult "o1 = ! ob/acles (f]$ by ! ice hummocks 7 sometimes almo/ insurm\ntable1 & ! ice-field 0 int]sect$ by *asms & wat]-lanes frequ5tly f\r feet 9 wid?4 ,aft] skirt+ ! coa/ ( :at is n[ kn[n z ,morris ,bay1 ,morton's p>ty came ^u easi] gr\nd2 & pres5tly a long l[ c\ntry op5$ on ! l&-ice1 a wide pla9 betwe5 l>ge headl&s1 ) roll+ hills ?r\gh x4 ,a flock ( br5t geese came d[n ?is valley1 ) a :irr ( w+s1 & ducks 7 se5 9 cr[ds ^u ! op5 wat]4 ,eid]s & dove-kies also made _! appe>ance2 & t]n 7 v num]\s1 & exce$+ly tame4 ,fly+ high ov]head1 _! notes e*o+ f ! rocks1 7 l>ge :ite birds1 :i* ,morton suppos$ to be burgoma/]s4 ,!re 7 also ivory gulls & mollemokes2 ! =m] fly+ v high1 & ! latt] w++ _! way f> out to sea4 ,! *annel 7,k5n$y ,*annel7 0 "h unob/ruct$ by ice1 & its waves roll$ freely & noisily on ! %ore4 ,along its v]dant m>g9 ,morton proce$$ w>ily1 & on ! #bf? ( ,june1 #ahed1 rea*$ ! /rik+ headl& ( ,cape ,con/itution1 ab\t #bjjj feet 9 height4 ,its base 0 wa%$ by a trem5d\s surf1 ?r\gh :i* x 0 impossible to pass--! ne plus ultra1 z x seem$1 ( human ent]prise4 ,climb+ f rock to rock1 he contriv$ to rea* an elevation ( #cjj feet2 f :i* he 0 able to trace ! outl9e ( ! coa/ = fifty miles to ! nor?4 ,9 ! di/ance rose a range ( m\nta9s1 v l(ty1 & r\nd$ at _! summits4 ,to ! nor?-we/ might be se5 a b>e peak1 /riat$ v]tically ) protrud+ ridges1 & so>+ to an altitude ( betwe5 #bejj & #cjjj feet4 ,?is peak1 ! mo/ remote nor!rn l& !n kn[n ^u ! globe1 0 nam$ aft] ! great pione] ( ,arctic travel1 ,sir ,edw>d ,p>ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,morton ,,on ,,! ,,%ore ,,( ,,! ,,suppos$ ,,pol> ,,ocean4 ,! range 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,m\nta9s7 ) :i* x 0 connect$ 0 mu* high]1 ,morton ?\ght1 ?an any !y _h se5 on ! s\!rn or ,gre5l& side ( ! bay4 ,! summits 7 g5]ally r\nd$1 resembl+ a succession ( sug>-loaves & /ack$ cannonballs decl9+ sl[ly 9 ! p]spective4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all ! sl$ge-p>ties 7 n[ once m abo>d ! brig1 & ! season ( ,arctic travel _h end$4 ,! %ort summ] 0 rapidly we>+ away1 & yet ! ice rema9$ a rigid & imp5etrable b>ri]4 ,x 0 evid5t t ! %ip c\ld n be lib]at$1 & ,kane f\nd himself compell$ to decide betwe5 two equally dismal alt]natives1--! ab&onm5t ( ! %ip1 or ano!r w9t] among ! ,pol> sn[s4 ,= himself1 he resolv$ to rema92 b to ^? :o 7 will+ to v5ture on ! attempt to rea* ! ,dani% settlem5t at ,up]navik1 he left ! *oice op54 ,out ( ! sev5te5 survivors ( ! p>ty1 eight1 l ,dr4 ,kane1 decid$ to /& by ! brig2 ! o!rs1 to pu% s\?w>d to ,up]navik4 ,^! 7 provid$ ) all ! provisions & appliances t c\ld be sp>$1 & took _! dep>ture on ,monday1 ,augu/ #bh?2 c>ry+ ) !m a writt5 assurance ( a bro!r's welcome %\ld !y be driv5 back--an assurance amply r$eem$ :5 sev]e trials _h prep>$ !m to %>e aga9 ! =tunes ( _! comm&]4 ,dr4 ,kane confront$ ! w9t] ) equal sagacity & resolution4 ,he _h c>efully /udi$ ! ,eskimos1 & conclud$ t _! =m ( habitation & peculi>ities ( diet1 )\t _! un?rift & fil?1 7 ! safe/ t c\ld be adopt$4 ,he turn$ ! brig1 !re=e1 into a k9d ( iglo1 or hut4 ,! qu>t]-deck 0 well padd$ ) moss & turf1 & ! cab9 bel[1 a space "s eighte5 feet squ>e1 0 enclos$ & pack$ f floor to ceil+ ) inn] walls ( ! same mat]ial4 ,! floor itself 0 c>efully calk$ ) pla/] ( ,p>is & common pa/e1 & cov]$ two in*es deep ) ,manilla oakum & a canvas c>pet4 ,! entrance 0 f ! hold by a l[1 moss-l9$ tunnel1 ! tossut ( ! native huts1 ) z _m doors & curta9s to close x up z +5uity c\ld devise4 ,?is 0 _! sitt+-room1 d9+-room1 sleep+-room2 b !re 7 only t5 ( !m1 & ! clos] ! w>m]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dr4 ,,kane ,,pay+ ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,an ,,eskimo ,,hut ,,at ,,etah4 ,:ile !y 7 engag$ 9 ^! def5ces aga9/ ! enemy1 !y contriv$ to op5 up a fri5dly int]c\rse ) ! ,eskimos1 visit+ !m 9 _! sn[-huts at ! settlem5ts ( ,etah & ,anatoak1 di/ant ab\t ?irty & sev5ty miles f ! brig2 &1 9 return = pres5ts ( ne$les1 p9s1 & knives1 !y und]took to %[ ! :ite /rang]s :]e game 0 to be procur$1 z well z to furni% walrus & fre% seal meat4 ,! assi/ance r5d]$ by ! ,eskimos 0 ( ! greate/ value1 & we may inf] t1 )\t x1 ,dr4 ,kane & 8 foll[]s mu/ h succumb$ to ! h>d%ips ( t dreadful w9t]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ! #ab? ( ,decemb]1 ! p>ty :i* _h ab&on$ ! %ip sudd5ly reappe>$1 f9d+ x impossible to p5etrate to ! s\?4 ,!y _h suff]$ sev]ely2 7 cov]$ ) rime & sn[1 & fa9t+ ) hung]4 ,x 0 necess>y to use mu* caution 9 convey+ !m bel[2 = aft] an exposure ( su* fe>ful int5sity & duration z !y _h und]gone1 ! w>m? ( ! cab9 w\ld h pro/rat$ !m completely4 ,!y _h j\rney$ ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles2 & _! la/ run f ! bay ne> ,etah1 "s sev5ty miles 9 a "r l9e1 0 ?r\gh ! hummocks ) ! !rmomet] at -#ej4 8,"o by "o10 says ,kane1 8!y all came 9 & 7 h\s$4 ,poor fell[s6 z !y ?rew op5 _! ,eskimo g>m5ts by ! /ove1 h[ !y reli%$ ! scanty luxuries :i* we _h to (f]4 ,! c(fee1 & ! meat-biscuit s\p1 & ! molasses1 & ! :eat-bread1 ev5 ! salt pork1 :i* our scurvy =bade ! re/ ( u to t\*--h[ !y reli%$ x all6 ,= m ?an two mon?s !y _h liv$ on froz5 seal & walrus meat40 ,we _c dwell on ! v>i\s little incid5ts :i* m>k$ t sad & t]rible w9t]1 b an extract or two f ,dr4 ,kane's j\rnal w %[ ! read] h[ mu* ! imprison$ explor]s endur$1 & 9 :at _s !y bore _! trials3-- 8,decemb] #a1 ,friday4--,i am writ+ at midnight4 ,i h ! wat* f eight to two4 ,x is day 9 ! moonlight on deck1 ! !rmomet] gett+ up aga9 to #cf bel[ z]o4 ,z ,i come d[n to ! cab9--= s we /ill call ?is little moss-l9$ iglo ( ours--e "o is asleep1 snor+1 gritt+ 8 tee?1 or talk+ 9 8 dreams4 ,?is is pa?ognomonic2 x tells ( ,arctic w9t]1 & its companion1 scurvy4 ,tom ,hickey1 our good-hum\r$1 blund]+ cab9-boy1 decorat$ ) ! dignities ( cook1 is 9 t little dirty cot on ! />bo>d side2 ! re/ are b$d$ 9 r[s4 ,mr4 ,brooks & myself *ock aft4 ,our bunks are close aga9/ ! froz5 moss-wall1 :]e we c take 9 ! entire family at a glance4 ,! ap>tm5t measures tw5ty feet by eighte52 its height six feet f\r in*es at "o place1 b div]sifi$ else:]e by beams cross+ at diff]5t di/ances f ! floor4 ,! av5ue by :i* x is approa*$ is b>ely to be se5 9 ! moss-wall =w>d2 tw5ty feet ( air-tight space make mi/y di/ance1 = ! puff ( outside temp]ature t came 9 ) me has fill$ our atmosph]e ) vesicles ( vap\r4 ,! av5ue--,b5-,dj]back is our poetic "n = x--closes on ! inside ) a door well-pat*$ ) flannel1 f :i*1 /oop+ ^u all f\rs1 y back d[n a desc5t ( f\r feet 9 twelve ?r\gh a tunnel ?ree feet high1 & two feet six in*es broad4 ,arriv$ at ! bottom1 y /raight5 y\rself1 & a second door admits y into ! d>k & sorr[+ hold1 empty ( /ores1 & /ripp$ to its nak$ ceil+ = firewood4 ,f ?is we grope our way to ! ma9 hat*1 & m\nt by a rude /airway ( boxes into ! op5 air40 99 99 99 99 99 8,febru>y #ba1 ,w$nesday4--,to-day ! cre/s ( ! nor?-ea/ headl& 7 gild$ by true sun%9e1 & all :o 7 able asc5d$ on deck to greet x4 ,! sun rose above ! horizon1 ?\gh /ill scre5$ f our eyes by int]v5+ hills4 ,al?\gh ! p[]ful refraction ( ,pol> latitudes h]alds 8 direct appe>ance by brilliant light1 ?is is z f> remov$ f ! glori\s t9ts ( day z x is f ! m]e twilight4 ,nev]!less1 = ! pa/ t5 days we h be5 wat*+ ! gr[+ w>m? ( our l&scape1 z x em]g$ f buri$ %ad[1 ?r\gh all ! /ages ( di/9ctness ( an ,india-ink wa%+1 /ep by /ep1 into ! %>p1 bold def9ition ( our desolate h>b\r sc5e4 ,we h m>k$ e da% ( col\r :i* ! great ,pa9t] 9 8 b5evol5ce v\*saf$ to u2 & n[ ! empurpl$ blue1 cle>1 unmi/akable1 ! spread+ lake1 ! flick]+ yell[2 pe]+ at all ^!1 poor wret*es6 ev]y?+ seem$ sup]lative lu/re & unsurpassable glory4 ,we _h s grovell$ 9 d>kness1 t we ov]saw ! light4 8,mr4 ,wilson has caught cold1 & relaps$4 ,mr4 ,ohls51 aft] a suspici\s day1 />tles me by an attack ( p>tial epilepsy2 "o ( ^? /range1 indescribable spells1 fits1 seizures1 :atev] "n ! j>gon gives !m1 :i* indicate deep di/urbance4 ,i conceal 8 case z f> z ,i c2 b x adds to my heavy pack ( tr\bles to anticipate ! gloomy sc5es ( epileptic transport introduc$ into our "o ap>tm5t40 99 99 99 99 99 8,febru>y #bh1 ,w$nesday4--,febru>y closes3 ?ank ,god = ! lapse ( its tw5ty-eight days6 ,%\ld ! ?irty-"o ( ! com+ ,m>* n drag u fur!r d[nw>d1 we may hope = a successful close to ?is dre>y drama4 ,by ! #aj? ( ,april we %\ld h seal2 & :5 !y come1 if we rema9 to welcome !m1 we c call ourselves sav$4 8,b a fair review ( our prospects tells me t ,i mu/ look ! lion 9 ! face4 ,! scurvy is /eadily ga9+ on u4 ,i d my be/ to su/a9 ! m desp]ate cases2 b z fa/ z ,i p>tially build up "o1 ano!r is /rick5 d[n4 ,! disease is p]haps less malignant ?an x 01 b x is m diffus$ ?r\gh\t our p>ty4 ,except ,william ,morton1 :o is disabl$ by a froz5 heel1 n "o ( our eighte5 is exempt4 ,( ! six work]s ( our p>ty1 z ,i c\nt$ !m a mon? ago1 two are unable to d out-door "w1 & ! rema9+ f\r divide ! duties ( ! %ip among !m4 ,hans mu/]s 8 rema9+ en]gies to conduct ! hunt4 ,pet]s5 is 8 di%e>t5$1 mop+ assi/ant4 ,! o!r two1 ,bonsall & myself1 h all ! daily (fices ( h\sehold & hospital4 ,we *op five l>ge sacks ( ice1 cut six fa?oms ( eight-in* haws] into junks ( a foot ea* 7= fuel71 s]ve out ! meat :5 we h x1 hack at ! molasses1 & hew out ) cr[b> & axe ! pork & dri$ apples1 pass up ! f\l slops & cleans+s ( our dormitory2 &1 9 a ^w1 cook1 scullionize1 & att5d ! sick4 ,add$ to ?is1 = five nights runn+ ,i h kept wat* f #h ,p4,m4 to #d ,a4,m41 cat*+ cat-naps z ,i c\ld 9 ! day )\t *ang+ my clo!s1 b c>efully wak+ e h\r to note !rmomet]s4 8,su* is ! condition 9 :i* ,febru>y leaves u1 ) =ty-"o days m ahead ( j ! same "* 9 prospect z ! tw5ty-eight :i*1 ?ank ,god6 are numb]$ n[ ) ! pa/4 ,x is sadd5+ to ?9k h[ mu* ^? tw5ty-eight days h impair$ our capacities ( endurance4 ,if ,hans & myself c only hold on1 we may "w our way ?r\gh4 ,all re/s ^u de/9y1 or ! ,p[] :i* controls x40 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is useless1 h[ev]1 to dwell long] on ?is melan*oly record4 ,kane saw t to ab&on ! brig 0 n[ ! only res\rce3 ! ice held x fa/1 !re 0 no probability ( its be+ releas$1 & a ?ird w9t] 9 ,r5ssela] ,bay w\ld h be5 dea? to ! :ole p>ty4 ,z soon1 !re=e1 z ! return ( spr+ 9 "s measure recruit$ ! heal? ( 8 foll[]s1 he made ! necess>y prep>ations = dep>ture2 & on ! #bj? ( ,may ! entire %ip's company bade f>ewell to ! ,advance1 & set out on _! homew>d r\te4 ,) consid]able difficulty & ardu\s lab\r !y haul$ _! boats across ! r\gh1 hummocky ice1 & rea*$ ! op5 sea4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,june !y emb>k$1 & /e]$ = ,up]navik1 :i* port !y calculat$ ^u rea*+ 9 fifty-six days4 ,:5 !y got fairly cle> ( ! l&1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! great ice-drift s\?w>d1 !y f\nd _! boats s frail & leaky t !y c\ld be kept afloat only by con/ant bail+2 a lab\r :i* told heavily on m5 already weak5$ ) disease & want4 ,/>vation />$ !m 9 ! face1 :5 happily !y fell 9 ) & captur$ a l>ge seal1 :i* !y dev\r$ voraci\sly2 & ?is opportune help recruit$ _! fail+ en]gies4 ,!nce=? !y 7 9 no lack ( food1 z seals 7 pl5tiful2 & e>ly 9 ,augu/1 aft] liv+ = eighty-f\r days 9 ! op5 air1 !y f\nd !mselves "u ! com=table ro(s ( ,up]navik1 enjoy+ ! hospitable welcome ( ! g5]\s ,danes4 ,dr4 ,kane return$ to ,new ,york on ! #aa? ( ,octob] #ahee1 aft] an abs5ce ( ?irty mon?s4 ,8 discov]ies _h be5 important1 8 h]oism wor?y ( ! race f :i* he sprung1 & none c d5y t he _h well m]it$ ! hon\rs he receiv$4 ,un=tunately1 a frame nev] v robu/ _h be5 brok5 d[n by ! trials ( two ,arctic w9t]s2 & ?is gallant explor] pass$ away on ! #af? ( ,febru>y #aheg1 9 ! ?irty-sev5? ye> ( 8 age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #ahfj1 ,dr4 ,hayes1 ! companion ( ,dr4 ,kane1 took ! comm& ( an exp$ition int5d$ to complete ! survey ( ,k5n$y ,*annel1 & to rea*1 if x 7 possible1 ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,8 s*oon]1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 br\ght up = ! w9t] at ,port ,f\lke1 ab\t tw5ty miles s\? ( ,r5ssela] ,h>b\r2 & e>ly 9 ! foll[+ ,april1 ,dr4 ,hayes set out on a sl$ge & boat j\rney across ! s\nd1 & along ! %ores ( ,gr9nell ,l&4 ,f ! eloqu5t record ( 8 adv5tures1 :i* does s mu* cr$it to 8 lit]>y skill1 8,an ,arctic ,boat ,j\rney10 we h already quot$ "s /irr+ passages2 b ! foll[+ extract we may be all[$ to repeat1 on acc\nt ( ! cle> light x ?r[s ^u ! nature ( ! difficulties ,hayes enc\nt]$ on 8 nor?w>d advance3-- 8,! track10 he says1 80 r\gh1 pa/ description4 ,i c comp>e x to no?+ b a promiscu\s accumulation ( rocks closely pack$ toge!r1 & pil$ up ov] a va/ pla9 9 great heaps & endless ridges1 leav+ sc>cely a foot ( level surface4 ,! int]/ices betwe5 ^! closely accumulat$ ice-masses are fill$ up1 to "s ext5t1 ) drift$ sn[4 ,! read] w easily imag9e ! re/4 ,he w see ! sl$ges w9d+ ?r\gh ! tangl$ wild]ness ( brok5 ice-tables1 ! m5 & dogs pull+ & pu%+ up _! respective loads4 ,he w see !m clamb]+ ov] ! v summit ( l(ty ridges1 ?r\gh :i* !re is no op5+1 & aga9 desc5d+ on ! o!r side--! sl$ge (t5 plung+ ov] a precipice1 sometimes capsiz+1 & frequ5tly break+4 ,aga9 he w see ! p>ty1 baffl$ 9 _! attempt to cross or f9d a pass1 break+ a track ) %ovel & h&spike2 or1 aga91 unable ev5 ) ^! appliances to accompli% _! end1 !y retreat to seek a bett] track3 & !y may be lucky en\gh to f9d a sort ( gap or gateway1 ^u ! w9d+ & unev5 surface ( :i* !y w make a mile or s ) comp>ative ease4 ,! sn[-drifts are sometimes a help & sometimes a h9drance4 ,_! surface is uni=mly h>d1 b n always firm to ! foot4 ,! cru/ frequ5tly gives way1 & 9 a mo/ tiresome & provok+ mann]4 ,x w n q be> ! weight1 & ! foot s9ks at ! v mom5t :5 ! o!r is lift$4 ,b1 worse ?an ?is1 ! *asms betwe5 ! hummocks are frequ5tly bridg$ ov] ) sn[ 9 su* a mann] z to leave a consid]able space at ! bottom q unfill$2 & at ! v mom5t :5 all looks promis+1 d[n s9ks "o man to 8 middle1 ano!r to ! neck1 ano!r is buri$ out ( sight2 ! sl$ge gives way1--& to extricate ! :ole f ?is unhappy pr$icam5t is probably ! lab\r ( h\rs4 ,x w\ld be difficult to imag9e any k9d ( lab\r m di%e>t5+1 or :i* w\ld soon] sap ! en]gies ( bo? m5 & animals40 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] enc\nt]+ difficulties l ^!1 :i* wore out ! /r5g? ( mo/ ( 8 p>ty1 s t !y 7 compell$ to return to ! s*oon]1 ,dr4 ,hayes succe$$ 9 cross+ ! s\nd1 & began 8 j\rney along ! coa/4 ,b ! difficulties did n abate1 & made su* dem&s on ! p[]s ( endurance ( ! travell]s1 t ! /ronge/ among !m broke d[n1 & _h to be left beh9d 9 *>ge ( ano!r ( ! p>ty4 ,! resolute ,hayes !n pu%$ on1 accompani$ by ,knorr1 & on ! #ah? ( ,may rea*$ ! m>g9 ( a deep gulf1 :]e fur!r progress 0 r5d]$ impossible by ! rott5 ice & broad wat]-ways4 ,f ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 he c\ld see1 on ! o!r side ( ! *annel1 & imm$iately opposite to him1 ! l(ty peak ( ,m\nt ,p>ry1 discov]$ 9 #ahed by ! gallant ,morton2 & m to ! nor?1 a bold conspicu\s headl&1 :i* he nam$ ,cape ,union1 ! mo/ nor!rn kn[n l& ^u ! globe4 ,beyond x1 he ?\ght he saw ! op5 sea ( ! ,pole1 :i*1 f ,cape ,union1 is n di/ant five hundr$ miles2 b ! voyage ( ! ,pol>is1 at a lat] date1 has %[n t :at he saw 0 only a l&-lock$ bay4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,july1 ! s*oon] 0 set free f ! ice1 b %e prov$ to be too mu* damag$ to cont9ue h] dang]\s voyage2 & satisfi$ ) hav+ prov$ t a direct & n impracticable r\te to ! ,pole lies up ,smi? ,s\nd & ,k5n$y ,*annel1 ,dr4 ,hayes return$ to ,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is ! op9ion1 h[ev]1 ( "s geograph]s1 ?\gh sc>cely w>rant$ by asc]ta9$ facts1 t ! ,pole may m easily be rea*$ by :at is kn[n z ! ,spitzb]g5 r\te4 ,!y argue t to ! ea/ ( ?is sn[-cr[n$ ar*ipelago ! influ5ce ( ! ,gulf ,/ream makes itself felt2 & !y conclude t ?is great w>m curr5t possibly /rikes z f> z ! ,pole itself4 ,x is kn[n t ,p>ry1 to ! nor? ( ,spitzb]g51 atta9$ ! latitude ( #hb #de'2 & x is record$ t a ,hull :al]1 ! ,true-,love1 9 #ahcg1 navigat$ an op5 sea 9 lat4 #hb #cj' ,n41 & long4 #ae ,e42 s t %e might probably h solv$ ! problem & h ga9$ ! ,pole1 _h %e cont9u$ on h] nor!rly c\rse4 ,hold+ ?is belief1 ! illu/ri\s ,g]man geograph]1 ,dr4 ,pet]mann1 succe$$ 9 rais+ funds = a ,g]man exp$ition 9 #ahfh2 & ! ,g]mania1 a brig ( eighty tons1 "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,koldewey1 sail$ f ,b]g5 on ! #bd? ( ,may1 = ,%annon ,isl&1 9 lat4 #ge #ad' ,n41 ! fur!/ po9t on ! ,gre5l& coa/ rea*$ by ,sab9e 9 #ahbc4 ,%e 0 accompani$ by ! ,hansa1 ,capta9 ,hegemann2 & bo? %ips 7 equipp$ 9 ! mo/ c>eful mann]1 & lib]ally suppli$ ) appliances & /ores4 ,on ! #i? ( ,july ! exp$ition 0 (f ! isl& ( ,jan ,may51 & at midnight on t day 0 sail+ direct to ! nor?w>d4 ,a heavy fog came on1 & ! two %ips1 ev5 :5 sail+ side by side1 c\ld n see "o ano!r1 & communication c\ld be ma9ta9$ only by ! use ( ! speak+-trumpet4 ,_! crews might !n conceive an idea ( t imp5etrable *aos :i*1 accord+ to ,py?ias1 t]m9at$ ! _w beyond ,?ule1 & :i* is nei!r air1 nor e>?1 nor sea4 ,x is impossible to imag9e any?+ m melan*oly ?an ?is gray1 uni=m1 inf9ite veil or canopy2 ocean itself1 f> z ! eye c rea*1 is gray & gloomy4 ,= five successive days ! wea!r rema9$ 9 ?is condition1 ! fog alone v>y+ 9 int5sity1 & gr[+ ?ick] & ?ick]4 ,on ! #ad? a calm prevail$1 & ! ,g]mania l[]$ a boat to pick up drift-wood & hunt ! sea-gulls4 ,! ice-bl9k on ! horizon %[$ t ! %ips 7 draw+ ne> ! great ice-fields ( ! ,pol> ,ocean2 & ano!r sign ( _! proximity 0 ! appe>ance ( ! ivory gull 7,l>us eburneus71 :i* nev] w&]s f> f ! ice4 ,occasionally ! %ips fell 9 ) a rorqual1 or nord-cap]1 z ! seam5 call x1--a species ( :ale di/+ui%$ by ! pres5ce ( a dorsal f94 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #ae? ( ,july a light breeze blew up f ! s\?1 & ! two %ips sail$ /eadily on _! nor?-we/]n c\rse ?r\gh a sea cov]$ ) float+ ice4 ,an accu/om$ e> c\ld already di/+ui% a di/ant murmur1 :i* seem$ to draw ne>] & yet ne>]2 x 0 ! swell ( ! sea break+ on ! f>-(f ice-field4 ,ne>] & yet ne>]6 ,ev]ybody ga!r$ ^u deck2 &1 sudd5ly1 z if 9 virtue ( "s spell1 ! mi/s cle>$ away1 & ! adv5tur]s saw be=e !m1 )9 a few hundr$ y>ds1 ! ice6 ,x =m$ a long l9e1 l a cliff-wall ( brok5 & rugg$ rocks1 ^: azure-t9t$ precipices glitt]$ 9 ! sun1 & repell$1 unmov$1 ! ru% ( ! foamy waves4 ,! summit 0 cov]$ ) a deep lay] ( bl9d+ sn[4 ,!y gaz$ on ! spl5did panorama 9 sil5ce4 ,x 0 a solemn mom5t1 & 9 e m9d new ?\ghts & new impressions 7 awak5$1 9 :i* bo? hope & d\bt 7 bl5d$4 ,! po9t :]e ! ,g]mania _h /ruck ! ice 0 lat4 #gd #dg' ,n4 & long4 #aa #ej' ,e41 & ! icy b>ri] /ret*$ almo/ directly f nor? to s\?4 ,! ,hansa t\*$ ! ice on ! same day1 b 9 lat4 #gd #eg' ,n41 & long4 #i #da' ,e4 ,! two %ips1 :i* _h sep>at$ 9 ! fog1 effect$ a union on ! #ah?1 & ! ,g]mania tak+ ! ,hansa 9 t[1 !y made t[>ds ,sab9e ,isl&4 ,aft] a:ile1 ! t[+-rope 0 ?r[n (f1 ! ,g]mania f9d+ x necess>y to ext+ui% h] fires & proce$ "u canvas4 ,!y !n foll[$ up1 9 a s\!rly direction1 ! great icy b>ri]1 seek+ = an op5+ :i* might af=d !m a *ance ( /e]+ we/w>d4 ,on ! #bj?1 ! ,g]mania f\nd ! ice s ?ick 9 ! s\?-we/ t %e adopt$ a we/]ly ,c\rse1 & hoi/$ a signal = ! capta9 ( ! ,hansa to come on bo>d to a conf]5ce4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 mis9t]pret$ x1 & in/ead ( read+ ! signal z 8,come )9 hail10 read x z 8,long /ay a peak20 cr[d$ on all sail1 & spe$ily disappe>$ 9 ! fog1 :i* grew wond]fully int5se be=e ! ,g]mania c\ld foll[ h]4 ,?r\gh ?is curi\s error ! two %ips 7 sep>at$1 & = f\rte5 mon?s ! crew ( ! ,g]mania rema9$ 9 ignorance ( ! fate ( _! comrades'4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e foll[+ ! ,g]mania on h] voyage ( discov]y1 we propose to see :at befell ! ,hansa among ! ,arctic ice4 ,capta9 ,hegemann _h und]/ood ! signal ( 8 s5ior (fic] to mean t ! %ips 7 to pu% on z f> z possible to ! we/w>d1 &1 z we h se51 he cr[d$ on all sail4 ,b :5 ! fog clos$ 91 & he f\nd himself out ( sight ( ! ,g]mania1 he lay-to1 9 ! hope t ! latt] might rejo9 him4 ,disappo9t$ 9 ?is1 he kept on 8 way1 & on ! #bh? ( ,july sight$ ! rocky & gloomy coa/ ( ,ea/ ,gre5l&1 f ,cape ,brer-,ruys to ,cape ,james4 ,! wea!r cont9u$ f9e4 ,by ! light ( ! midnight sun1 :i* illum9at$ ! fanta/ic outl9es ( ! b]gs1 ! adv5tur]s engag$ 9 a n>:al-hunt4 ,no?+ is m extraord9>y ?an ! effect ( ! rays ( ! midnight sun p5etrat+ into an ocean cov]$ ) float+ ice4 ,! w>m & cold tones /rike aga9/ ea* o!r 9 all directions2 ! sea is orange1 lead5-gray1 or d>k gre52 ! reefs ( ice are t+$ ) a delicate rose-bloom2 broad %ad[s spread ov] ! sn[1 & ! mo/ v>i$ effects ( mirage are produc$ ev]y:]e 9 ! tranquil wat]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,hansa0 ,,try+ ,,to ,,lasso ,a ,,be>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,midnight ,,sun1 ,,gre5l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,be> ,,at ,,an*or4 ,on ! #i? ( ,septemb]1 ! ,hansa f\nd ! *annel ( free wat] 9 :i* %e _h be5 navigat+ clos$ by a huge mass ( ice1 & to protect h] aga9/ ! drift ( ! float+ b]gs %e 0 moor$ to x ) /\t haws]s4 ,a few days lat]1 ! ice 0 brok5 up by a gale ( w9d f ! nor?-ea/1 & ! haws]s snapp$4 ,! ice accumulat+ beh9d ! %ip rais$ x a foot & a half4 ,on a contigu\s %eet ( ice1 ! explor]s discov]$ a %e-be> ) h] cub1 & a boat 0 despat*$ 9 pursuit4 ,! c\ple soon caught sight ( x1 & began to trot along ! edge ( ! ice beside ! boat1 ! "m gr9d+ h] tee? & lick+ h] be>d4 ,h] enemies l&$1 & fir$1 & ! be> fell 9 ! sn[1 mortally w\nd$4 ,:ile ! cub 0 engag$ 9 t5d]ly lick+ & c>ess+ h]1 sev]al attempts 7 made to capture x ) a lasso2 b x always contriv$ to extricate itself1 & at la/ took to flight1 cry+ & moan+ bitt]ly4 ,?\gh /ruck ) a bullet1 x succe$$ 9 effect+ its escape4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ! #ab? !y aga9 saw a c\ple ( be>s com+ f ! ea/1 & return+ f ! sea t[>ds ! l&4 ,! "m fell a victim to _! guns1 b ! cub 0 captur$1 & *a9$ to an an*or :i* !y _h driv5 into ! ice4 ,x appe>$ exce$+ly re/less & di/urb$1 b n ! less did x gre$ily dev\r a slice ( its "m's fle% :i* ! sailors ?rew to x4 ,a sn[ wigwam 0 ha/ily con/ruct$ = its accommodation1 & ! floor cov]$ ) a lay] ( %av+s2 b ! cub despis$ ^! luxuries ( civilization1 & pref]r$ to encamp on ! sn[1 l a true inhabitant ( ! ,pol> ,regions4 ,a few days aft]w>ds x disappe>$ ) its *a91 :i* x _h contriv$ to deta* f ! an*or2 & ! weight ( ! iron1 9 all probability1 _h dragg$ ! poor bea/ to ! bottom ( ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skat+--,,(f ,,! ,,coa/ ,,( ,,gre5l&4 ,! ,hansa 0 n[ set fa/ 9 ! ice1 & no hope 0 ent]ta9$ ( h] release until ! com+ ( ! spr+4 ,h] crew amus$ !mselves ) skat+1 &1 :5 ! wea!r p]mitt$1 ) all k9ds ( gymna/ic ex]cises4 ,x became necess>y1 h[ev]1 to consid] :at prep>ations %\ld be made = enc\nt]+ ! ,arctic w9t]1 "o ( ! bitt]e/ enemies ) :i* man is call$ ^u to cont5d4 ,! ,hansa 0 /rongly built1 b h] comm&] fe>$ %e might n be able to endure ! m & m frequ5t pressure ( ! ice4 ,at fir/1 x 0 propos$ to cov] ! boats ) sail-clo? & conv]t !m into w9t]-qu>t]s2 b x 0 felt t !y w\ld n af=d a suffici5t protection aga9/ ! rig\r ( ! ,pol> climate1 its furi\s w9ds1 its excess ( cold1 its wild :irlw9ds ( sn[4 ,& !re=e x 0 resolv$ to erect on ! ice-floe a suitable w9t]-hut1 con/ruct$ ( blocks ( coal4 ,bricks made ( ?is mat]ial h ! d\ble advantage ( absorb+ humidity1 & reflect+ ! heat :i* !y receive4 ,wat] & sn[ w\ld s]ve = mort>2 & a ro( c\ld be made ) ! cov]+ :i* protect$ ! deck ( ! ,hansa f ! sn[4 ,! gr\nd-plan ( ! h\se 0 design$ by ,capta9 ,hegemann2 x measur$ tw5ty feet 9 l5g?1 & f\rte5 feet 9 wid?2 ! ridge ( ! ro( 0 eight feet & a half1 & ! side walls f\r feet eight in*es 9 elevation4 ,^! walls 7 compos$ ( a d\ble r[ ( bricks n9e in*es wide up to a height ( two feet1 aft] :i* a s+le r[ 0 us$4 ,!y 7 cem5t$ 9 a peculi>ly novel fa%ion4 ,! jo9ts & fissures 7 fill$ up ) dry sn[1 on :i* wat] 0 p\r$1 & 9 t5 m9utes x h>d5$ into a compact mass1 f :i* x w\ld h be5 exce$+ly difficult to extract a solit>y brick4 ,! ro( consi/$ ( sails & mats1 cov]$ ) a lay] ( sn[4 ,! door 0 two & a half feet wide1 & ! floor 0 pav$ ) slabs ( coal4 ,into ?is h\se1 :i* 0 complet$ 9 sev5 days1 provisions = two mon?s 7 c>ri$1 includ+ f\r hundr$ p\nds ( bread1 two doz5 boxes ( pres]v$ meat1 a flit* ( bacon1 "s c(fee & br&y1 besides a supply ( fir+-wood1 & "s tons ( coal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ! #h? ( ,octob]1 aft] ! completion ( ! h\se1 a viol5t sn[-/orm broke out1 :i* w\ld assur$ly h r5d]$ its con/ruction impossible1 & :i*1 9 five days1 completely buri$ bo? ! %ip & ! hut4 ,su* imm5se piles ( sn[ accumulat$ on ! deck ( ! ,hansa1 t x 0 ) ! greate/ difficulty ! seam5 c\ld rea* _! b]?s4 ,f ! #e? to ! #ad? ( ,octob] ! drift ( ! curr5t 0 s /rong1 t ! ice-b\nd %ip 0 c>ri$ no few] ?an sev5ty-two miles t[>ds ! s\?-s\?-ea/4 ,meantime1 ! pressure ( ! ice cont9u$ to increase1 & ! ,hansa seem$ held 9 ! tight5+ grasp ( an inv9cible giant4 ,huge masses rose 9 front1 & beh9d1 & on bo? sides1 & und]nea?1 until %e 0 rais$ sev5te5 feet high] ?an h] orig9al position4 ,affairs seem$ s critical1 t ,capta9 ,hegemann ha/5$ to disemb>k ! /ores ( clo?+1 ! sci5tific in/rum5ts1 *>ts1 log-book1 & di>ies4 ,x 0 f\nd t ?r\gh ! con/ant /ra9 on h] timb]s ! %ip _h begun to leak badly1 & on s\nd+1 two feet ( wat] 7 f\nd 9 ! pumps4 ,all h&s to "w6 ,b aft] half an h\r's vigor\s ex]tions1 ! wat] cont9u$ to rise1 sl[ly b surely2 & ! mo/ c>eful se>* fail$ to indicate ! locality ( ! leak4 ,x 0 pa9fully evid5t t ! good %ip c\ld n be sav$4 8,?\gh mu* affect$10 says ! *ronicl] ( ! exp$ition1 8by ?is sad cata/rophe1 we endur$ x ) firmness4 ,resignation 0 indisp5sable4 ,! coal hut1 con/ruct$ on ! %ift+ ice-floe1 0 !nce=w>d our sole refuge 9 ! long nights ( an ,arctic w9t]1 & 0 de/9$1 p]haps1 to become our tomb4 8,b we _h n a m9ute to lose1 & we set to "w4 ,at n9e o'clock ,p4,m4 ! sn[-fall ceas$2 ! sky glitt]$ ) />s1 ! moon illum9at$ ) h] radiance ! imm5se wild]ness ( ice1 & ! rays ( ! ,aurora ,borealis "h & !re light$ up ! firmam5t ) _! col\r$ coruscations4 ,! fro/ 0 sev]e2 dur+ ! night ! !rmomet] sank to -#bj ,r4 ,"o half ! crew cont9u$ to "w at ! pumps2 ! o!r 0 actively engag$ 9 disemb>k+ on ! ice ! mo/ necess>y articles4 ,!re c\ld be no ?\ght ( sleep1 = 9 our frightful situation ! m9d 0 beset by ! mo/ conflict+ appreh5sions4 ,:at w\ld become ( u at ! v outset ( a season :i* ?reat5$ to be "o ( excessive rig\r8 ,9 va9 we endeav\r$ to imag9e "s means ( sav+ ourselves4 ,x 0 n possible to ?9k s]i\sly ( an attempt to ga9 ! l&4 ,p]haps we might h succe$$1 9 ! mid/ ( ! greate/ dang]s1 9 rea*+ ! coa/ by op5+ up a way across ! ice-floes1 b we _h no means ( transport+ ?i!r our provisions2 & x appe>$1 f ! reports ( ,scoresby1 t we c\ld n c\nt on f9d+ any ,eskimo e/abli%m5ts1--s t our only prospect !n w\ld h be5 to die ( hung]40 ,! sole res\rce rema9+ to ! explor]s 0 to drift to ! s\? on _! mov+ ice-floe1 & conf9e !mselves1 meantime1 to _! coal hut4 ,if _! ice-raft prov$ ( suffici5t /r5g?1 !y might hope to rea* 9 ! spr+ ! ,eskimo settlem5t 9 ! s\? ( ,gre5l&1 or come to ga9 ! coa/ ( ,icel& by trav]s+ its c9cture ( ice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x 0 on ! #bbnd ( ,octob]1 9 lat4 #gj #ej' ,n41 & long4 #ba ,w41 t ! ,hansa sank b5ea? ! ice4 ,dr4 ,laube writes3 8,we made ourselves z snug z possible1 &1 once our little h\se 0 completely embank$ ) sn[1 we _h n to compla9 ( ! cold4 ,we enjoy$ p]fect heal?1 & occupi$ ! "t ) long walks & ) our books1 ( :i* we _h _m4 ,we made a ,*ri/mas-tree ( bir*-twigs1 & embelli%$ x ) fragm5ts ( wax tap]40 ,to prev5t attacks ( disease1 & to ma9ta9 ! *e]fulness ( ! m51 ! (fic]s ( ! exp$ition /imulat$ !m to e k9d ( active employm5t1 & laid d[n /rict rules = ! due division ( ! day4 ,at sev5 9 ! morn+1 !y 7 ar\s$ by ! wat*4 ,!y rose1 attir$ !mselves 9 _! w>m ?ick wooll5 clo?+1 wa%$ 9 wat] procur$ by melt+ sn[1 & !n took _! morn+ cup ( c(fee1 ) a piece ( h>d bread4 ,v>i\s occupations succe$$3 ! con/ruction ( su* useful ut5sils z prov$ to be necess>y2 /it*+ sail-clo?1 m5d+ clo!s1 writ+ up ! day's j\rnal1 & read+4 ,:5 ! wea!r p]mitt$1 a/ronomical obs]vations & calculations 7 n =gott54 ,at noon1 all h&s 7 summon$ to d9n]1 at :i* a good ri* s\p =m$ ! pr9cipal di%2 & z !y _h an abundance ( pres]v$ vegetables1 ! bill ( f>e 0 frequ5tly *ang$4 ,9 ! use ( alcoholic liquors ! mo/ rigid economy 0 obs]v$1 & x 0 on ,sunday only t ea* p]son receiv$ a glass ( port4 ,! ice-floe on :i* _! cab9 /ood 0 assidu\sly & c>efully explor$ 9 all directions4 ,x 0 ab\t sev5 miles 9 circuit1 & its av]age diamet] measur$ ne>ly two miles4 ,! out-(-door amusem5ts consi/$ *iefly ( skat+1 & build+ up huge images ( sn[--,egyptian sphynxes & ! l4 ,! bord]s ( ! ice-floe1 especially to ! we/ & s\?-we/1 pres5t$ a curi\s aspect2 ! attrition & pressure ( ! float+ ice _h built up ab\t x high glitt]+ walls1 upw>ds ( t5 feet 9 elevation4 ,! sn[-cry/als fla%$ & radiat$ 9 ! sun l myriads ( diamonds4 ,! r$ gleam ( morn+ & ev5+ ca/ a /range em]ald t9t on ! :ite surface ( ! l&scape4 ,! nights 7 magnific5t4 ,! gl[+ firmam5t1 & ! sn[ :i* reflect$ its lu/re1 produc$ s int5se a brightness1 t x 0 possible to read )\t fatigue ! f9e/ h&writ+1 & to di/+ui% remote objects4 ,! ph5om5on ( ! ,aurora ,borealis 0 ( con/ant occurr5ce1 & on "o occasion 0 s wond]fully lum9\s t x pal$ ! radiance ( ! />s1 & ev]y?+ ^u ! ice-floe ca/ a %ad[1 z if x _h be5 ! sun %9+4 ,ne> ! coal-cab9 /ood two small huts1 "o ( :i* s]v$ = ablutions1 ! o!r z a %$4 ,r\nd ?is nucleus ( ! little %ipwreck$ colony 7 situat$ at conv5i5t po9ts ! piles ( wood = fuel1 ! boats1 & ! b>rels ( pat5t fuel & pork4 ,to prev5t ! w9d & sn[ f ent]+ ! dwell+-hut1 a ve/ibule 0 con/ruct$1 ) a w9d+ entrance4 ,! greate/ cold exp]i5c$ 0 -#bi #cj' ,f41 & ?is 0 9 ,decemb]4 ,aft] ,*ri/mas ! little settlem5t 0 visit$ by sev]al sev]e /orms1 & _! ice-raft drift$ close along ! %ore1 sometimes )9 eight or n9e miles1 amid/ mu* ice-cru%+1--:i* s r$uc$ x on all sides1 t by ! #d? ( ,janu>y #ahgj x did n measure m ?an "o-eigh? ( its orig9al dim5sions4 ,on ! #f? ( ,janu>y1 :5 !y _h desc5d$ z f> s\? z #ff #de' ,n4 lat41 ! sun reappe>$1 & 0 joyfully welcom$4 ,on ! night ( ! #ae? ( ,janu>y1 ! colony 0 /rick5 by a sudd5 & t]rible al>m4 ,! ice yawn$ asund]1 imm$iately b5ea? ! hut1 & its occupants _h b j "t to take refuge 9 _! boats4 ,"h !y lay 9 a mis]able condition1 unable to cle> out ! sn[1 & %elt]$ v imp]fectly f ! driv+1 furi\s tempe/4 ,b on ! #ag? ! gale mod]at$1 & z soon z ! wea!r p]mitt$ !y set to "w to recon/ruct out ( ! ru9s ( ! old hut a new b mu* small] "o4 ,x 0 n l>ge en\gh to accommodate m ?an half ! colony2 & ! o!r half took up _! resid5ce 9 ! boats4 ,febru>y 0 calm & f9e1 & ! floe /ill cont9u$ to drift s\?w>d along ! l&4 ,! nights 7 gorge\s ) auroral displays4 ,lum9\s %eaves exp&$ !mselves on ! deep blue firmam5t l ! folds ( a fan1 or ! petals ( a fl[]4 ,m>* 0 v sn[y1 & mo/ly dull4 ,on ! #d?1 ! ice-raft pass$ )9 tw5ty-five miles ( ! glaci] ,kolb]g]-,heide4 ,a day or two lat]1 x ne>ly came into collision ) a l>ge gr\nd$ iceb]g4 ,! portion ne>e/ to ! drift+ colony =m$ an imm5se ov]hang+ mass2 its pr9cipal body _h be5 wr\ght by ! action ( ! sun & ! waves into ! mo/ caprici\s =ms1 & seem$ an aggregate ( rocks & p9nacles1 t[]s & gateways4 ,! ca/aways c\ld h seiz$ its project+ angles z !y float$ pa/4 ,!y ?\ght _! de/ruction c]ta91 b ! fragm5ts ( ice :i* surr\nd$ ! raft s]v$ z 8buff]s10 & sav$ x f a fatal collision4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,m>*1 !y f\nd !mselves 9 ! latitude ( ,nuk>bik1 ! isl& :]e ,graab1 ! explor]1 w9t]$1 f ,septemb] #crd1 #ahbg1 to ,april #e?1 #ahcj4 ,!y _h *]i%$ ! hope t f ?is spot !y might be able to take to _! boats1 & />t = ,fri$ri*/al1 a ,moravian mission>y /ation on ! s\? coa/ ( ,gre5l&4 ,h[ev]1 ! ice 0 z yet too compact = any su* v5ture to be attempt$4 ,= f\r weeks !y 7 deta9$ 9 ! bay ( ,nuk>bik1 only two or ?ree miles f ! %ore1 & yet unable to rea* x4 ,_! raft 0 caught 9 a k9d ( eddy1 & sometimes tack$ to ! s\?1 sometimes to ! nor?4 ,! ris+ tide c>ri$ x t[>ds ! %ore1 ! ebb+ tide float$ x out aga9 to sea4 ,dur+ ?is det5tion !y 7 visit$ by small troops ( birds1 sn[ l9nets & sn[ bunt+s4 ,! seam5 ?rew !m a small quantity ( oats1 :i* !y gre$ily dev\r$4 ,!y 7 s tame t !y all[$ !mselves to be caught by ! h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sn[ ,,l9nets ,,& ,,bunt+s ,,visit+ ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,hansa40 ,f ! end ( ,m>* to ! #ag? ( ,april1 ! voyag]s cont9u$ _! dre>y vacillation betwe5 ,skieldunge ,isl& & ,cape ,moltke2 a /orm !n drove !m rapidly to ! s\?4 ,! coa/1 ) its bold littoral m\nta9-*a91 its deep bays1 its inlets1 its isl&s1 & its romantic headl&s1 (f]$ a succession ( novel & impressive sc5es2 & specially impos+ 0 ! great glaci] ( ,puisortok1 a mighty ice-riv] :i* skirts ! %ore = upw>ds ( ?irty miles4 ,e>ly 9 ,may !y _h rea*$ lat4 #fa #ab'4 ,on ! #g?1 "s wat]-lanes op5$ = !m a way to ! %ore2 & ab&on+ ! ice-raft1 !y took to _! boats1 ) ! int5tion ( progress+ s\?w>d along ! coa/4 ,at fir/ !y met ) consid]able difficulty1 be+ frequ5tly compell$ to haul up ! boats on an ice-floe1 & s pass ! night1 or wait until ! w9d 0 fav\rable4 ,z ?is necessitat$ a cont9ual unload+ & reload+ ( ! boats1 ! "w 0 v sev]e4 ,at "o "t !y 7 deta9$ = six days on ! ice1 ow+ to bad wea!r1 viol5t gales1 & heavy sn[-%[]s4 ,! temp]ature v>i$ f #b dur+ ! day to -#e ,r4 dur+ ! night4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,hansa0 ,,biv\ack+ ,,on ,,! ,,ice4 ,_! rations at ?is p]iod 7 ?us di/ribut$3--,9 ! morn+1 a cup ( c(fee1 ) a piece ( dry bread4 ,at noon1 = d9n]1 s\p & bro?2 9 ! ev5+1 a few m\?fuls ( cocoa1 ( c\rse )\t milk & sug>4 ,!y 7 compell$ to obs]ve ! mo/ rigid economy 9 ! use ( _! provisions1 le/1 be=e rea*+ any settlem5t1 !y %\ld be r$uc$ to ! extremities ( fam9e4 ,yet _! appetite 0 v ke52 a circum/ance easily expla9$1 = !y 7 necess>ily v sp>+ 9 _! all[ance ( meat & fat1 :i* 9 ! rigor\s ,arctic climate are indisp5sable z n\ri%m5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z no *ange took place 9 ! position ( ! masses ( ice :i* surr\nd$ !m1 !y resolv$ to drag _! boats t[>ds ! isl& ( ,illiudlek1 ab\t ?ree m>9e miles di/ant4 ,!y began ?is ent]prise on ! ev5+ ( ! #bj?1 mak+ use ( "s /\t cables :i* !y _h manufactur$ dur+ ! w9t]1 & h>ness+ !mselves by means ( a brace pass$ across ! %\ld]s4 ,t ev5+ !y accompli%$ ?ree hundr$ paces4 ,sn[ fell heavily1 & melt$ z fa/ z x fell1 s t dur+ _! night-biv\ac !y suff]$ mu* f damp4 ,! next day !y f\nd be=e !m su* a labyr9? ( blocks & fragm5ts ( ice1 float+ ice-fields1 & wat]-*annels1 t !y 7 con/ra9$ to give up ! idea ( haul+ _! boats across x1 & resolv$ to wait = ! spr+ tide--:i*1 !y knew1 w\ld occur 9 a few days4 ,! delay 0 v we>isome4 ,to beguile ! "t1 "s ( ! seam5 set to "w at wood-c>v+1 :ile ! (fic]s & sci5tific g5tlem5 manufactur$ ! pieces = a game ( *ess4 ,o!rs prep>$ "s fi%+-l9es1 eighty fa?oms long1 9 ! hope ( cat*+ a desirable addition to _! scanty bill ( f>e4 ,on ! #bd?1 ! wea!r 0 spl5did4 ,! sun %one 9 a cl\dless sky1 & :]ev] its g5ial radiance fell ! !rmomet] m>k$ #bh #e' ,r4 ,?is 0 an excell5t opportunity = dry+ _! clo!s1 :i*1 z well z _! l951 _h be5 ?or\ghly soak$ innum]able times4 ,! cov]+s 7 remov$ f ! boats1 :i*1 9 ! w>m sun%9e1 exhal$ great cl\ds ( vap\r4 ,! cook endeav\r$ to add to 8 /ores ( provisions2 b ! seals *urli%ly refus$ to make _! appe>ance1 ! fi% disda9$ to nibble at ! fat-bait$ hooks1 & ! /upid guillemots 7 cunn+ en\gh to escape ! be/ direct$ %ots4 ,m4 ,hildebr&t1 ) two seam51 made an attempt--9 :i* !y succe$$--to rea* ! isl& ( ,illiudlek1 :i* lay ab\t ?ree miles (f1 & is f #dej to #ejj feet 9 height4 ,!y f\nd x a des]t2 n a trace ( vegetation2 its %ores v /eep1 & at "s po9ts precipit\s2 its surface torn ) crevasses & rav9es4 ,! only accessible "p seem$ on ! nor?2 b z ! ev5+ 0 draw+ 91 !y _h no "t = exploration1 & made ha/e to return to ! boats4 ,! ca/aways n[ came to a resolution to seek a tempor>y refuge on ?is desolate isle4 ,z ! heat ( ! sun 0 suffici5t to r5d] _! lab\r v pa9ful1 & !y suff]$ mu* f ! effects ( ! sn[ ^u _! eyes1 !y w5t to "w at night1 dragg+ _! boats =w>d ) _m a we>y ef=t1 & re/$ dur+ ! daytime4 ,9 ?is way !y rea*$ ! isl& on ! #d? ( ,june4 ,"h !y moor$ _! boats 9 a small bay %elt]$ by a wall ( rocks f ! nor? w9d1 :i* !y nam$ ,hansa-,haf54 ,next day !y %ot two-&-tw5ty div]s1 :i* provid$ !m ) a c\ple ( good d9n]s4 ,! supply 0 v valuable1 z ! /ock ( provisions on h& w\ld n la/ above a =tnight4 ,aft] a brief re/1 ! adv5tur]s resum$ _! voyage1 keep+ close 9-%ore1 & /ruggl+ p]sev]+ly amid/ ice & /ones--& fur!r *eck$ by an inaccurate *>t1 :i* l$ !m into a deep fiord1 in/ead ( ,k+ ,*ri/ian ,,iv4 ,s\nd4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,june1 h[ev]1 !y arriv$ at ! ,moravian mission>y /ation ( ,fri$ri*/al1 :]e _! c\ntrym5 receiv$ !m ) a he>ty welcome4 ,= two hundr$ days !y _h soj\rn$ ^u a drift+ ice-field1 exp]i5c+ all ! h>d%ips ( an ,arctic w9t]1 aggravat$ by an insuffici5cy ( food4 ,!y rea*$ ,julian%aab on ! #ba/ ( ,june2 emb>k$ on bo>d ! ,dani% brig ,con/ance2 & 7 l&$ at ,cop5hag5 on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mu/ n[ return to ! ,g]mania4 ,capta9 ,koldewey made sev]al bold attempts to p5etrate ! pack-ice1 b prov$ unsuccessful 9 all until1 on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 he rea*$ lat4 #gd1 :]e he contriv$ to effect a passage2 & ?\gh mu* delay$ by a succession ( fogs & calms1 he made 8 way to ,sab9e ,isl&1--& dropp$ an*or on its s\!rn side1 9 lat4 #gd #cj' ,n41 & long4 #bi ,w41 on ! #e? ( ,augu/4 ,on ! #aj? he aga9 pass$ t[>ds ! nor?1 keep+ along ! ,gre5l& %ore until1 9 lat4 #ge #ca' ,n41 8 advance 0 *eck$ by a mass ( closely-pack$ ice1 :i* /ret*$ f ! coa/ ( ! ma9l& out to ,%annon ,isl&1 a long unbrok5 l9e ( f\rte5 miles4 ,x pres5t$ a v =midable appe>ance1 be+ edg$ 9 "s places ) a fr+e ( brok5 ice1 b\ld]s1 & blocks1 ris+ 9 heaps & hummocks =ty feet high4 ,! ,g]mania rema9$ 9 ?is position = sev]al days4 ,z no?+ b ice 0 visible to ! nor?w>d1 & no prospect op5$ up ( fur!r progress 9 t direction1 ,capta9 ,koldewey mov$ 8 %ip to ! s\? side ( ! isl& on ! #af? ( ,augu/1 & dropp$ an*or close to ,cape ,philip ,broke4 ,elev5 days 7 sp5t 9 a c>eful exploration ( ,%annon ,isl&1 dur+ :i* "t a musk-ox 0 %ot1 & close wat* 0 kept f an elevat$ po9t on ! ice ly+ to ! nor?w>d4 ,b z x cont9u$ solid & immovable1 & ! end ( ! season 0 at h&1 ,capta9 ,koldewey return$ nor?w>d1 & br\ght 8 vessel to an*or on ! s\? side ( ,p5dulum ,isl& on ! #bg? ( ,augu/4 ,:5 x became necess>y to make prep>ations = fac+ ! com+ w9t]1 ,capta9 ,koldewey mov$ 8 %ip on ! #ac? ( ,septemb] into ! little h>b\r he _h occupi$ on ! #e? ( ,augu/4 ,_! subsequ5t exp]i5ce %[$ x to be ! only secure "o betwe5 ! p>allels ( #gd & #gg4 ,a few days lat] ! %ip 0 froz5 94 ,! fir/ sl$g+-p>ty 0 despat*$ on ! #ad? ( ,septemb]1 & rema9$ out = eight days4 ,aft] rea*+ ! ma9l&1 !y travell$ = f\r days up a newly-discov]$ fiord1 f9d+ _m petrifactions & mu* lignite4 ,!y also saw l>ge h]ds ( musk-ox54 ,vegetation 0 abundant1 b *iefly compos$ ( species ( ,&rom$a4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is excursion1 our explor]s _h "o or two adv5tures ) be>s4 ,fir/1 a female1 ) h] two cubs1 paid !m a visit1 b be+ receiv$ ) "s volleys ( musketry1 quickly beat a retreat4 ,on ano!r occasion1 a d>+ intrud] f\nd 8 way into _! t5t4 ,8 tem]ity1 h[ev]1 co/ him 8 life2 & ! ,g]mans banquet$ gaily on ! fat & fle% ) :i* he incont95tly suppli$ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,ra% ,,intrud]4 ,:5 ! w9t] prep>ations 7 complet$1 ,capta9 ,koldewey organiz$ sev]al %oot+ p>ties1 :o made good booty ( re9de] & musk-ox5 & add$ mo/ satisfactorily to ! provision-supplies2 no few] ?an fifte5 hundr$ p\nds ( good beef & v5ison atte/+ ! skill & good =tune ( ! hunt]s4 ,b aft] ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 nei!r musk-ox51 re9de]1 nor be>s 7 visible4 ,a second sl$ge j\rney 0 und]tak5 t[>ds ! end ( ,octob] 9 a s\!rly direction4 ,! p>ty discov]$ ano!r fiord1 & return$ on ! #d? ( ,novemb]4 ,on ! foll[+ day ! sun disappe>$ altoge!r1 & ! dre>y ,arctic night ( ?ree mon?s' duration ov]took !m4 ,! close ( ! ye> 0 m>k$ by a succession ( viol5t /orms1 & ! temp]ature rose to #be ,f4 ,x soon fell aga9 to z]o1 h[ev]2 b x 0 n until #ahgj t x indicat$ ! maximum ( cold exp]i5c$ ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1--namely1 -#dj ,f4 ,( ! ,decemb] gales1 ! mo/ furi\s broke out on ! #af?1 & la/$ until ! #bj?4 ,x set free ! ice 9 ! h>b\r1 & ev5 to )9 ?ree hundr$ y>ds ( ! %ip2 b =tunately %e _h be5 an*or$ 9 ! mo/ %elt]$ "p ( ! bay1 & close to ! %ore1 9 only t5 feet ( wat]2 o!rwise ! cru%$-up ice1 mov+ ) ! curr5ts1 w\ld probably h c>ri$ h] away to almo/ c]ta9 de/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be>-,,hunt+--,,gre5l&4 ,! h]oic little company1 h[ev]1 7 n[ise di%e>t5$ by ! gloom & h>d%ip ( _! situation4 ,f ,capta9 ,koldewey's acc\nt1 !y w\ld seem to h sp5t a "r m]ry ,*ri/mas1 aft] ! he>ty ,g]man fa%ion4 ,!y danc$ by />light ^u ! ice2 !y celebrat$ ,*ri/mas ,eve ) op5 doors1 ! temp]ature be+ #be ,f42 ) ! ev]gre5 ,&rom$a !y made a fam\s ,*ri/mas-tree2 !y decorat$ ! cab9 ) flags1 & spread out ^u _! tables ! gifts prep>$ = ! occasion by k9dly h&s3 ea* receiv$ 8 %>e1 & ea* jo9$ 9 & contribut$ to ! g5]al m]rim5t4 ,! ,yule-tide fe/ivities ov]1 !y made ready ! equipm5ts = _! sl$g+ exp$itions 9 ! ensu+ spr+1--! object ( ! mo/ important ( ^! be+ to atta9 ! highe/ possible degree ( nor? latitude4 ,9 ,febru>y ! sun return$1 & ) x ! be>s2 & ! daily excursions ^u ! isl&1 und]tak5 by ! sci5tific memb]s ( ! exp$ition1 7 r5d]$ dang]\s by _! audacity4 ,e "o 0 requir$ to g arm$1 yet "s accid5ts occurr$4 ,"o ( ! 8sci5ti/s0 0 sev]ely w\nd$ 9 ! head1 & dragg$ upw>ds ( f\r hundr$ paces be=e 8 comrades rescu$ him f ! be>4 ,aft] ! lapse ( a few weeks1 h[ev]1 he recov]$ f 8 w\nds4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,m>*1 ! fir/ sl$ge-p>ty left ! %ip1 & travell$ nor?w>d until1 on ! #ae? ( ,april1 !y rea*$ #gg #a' ,n4 lat4 ,!n ! wild nor!rly gales compell$ !m to retrace _! /eps4 ,on _! return !y 7 =tunate en\gh to %oot "s be>s1 ^: blubb] suppli$ !m ) fuel to w>m _! food2 & ! w9d fill+ ! sails :i* !y _h hoi/$ on _! sl$ges1 !y progress$ ) su* rapidity z to rea* ! %ip on ! #bg? ( ,april4 ,at ! nor!rnmo/ po9t atta9$ by ?is p>ty1--lat4 #gg #a'1--! belt ( l&-ice :i* skirt$ ! %ore seem$ to ! travell]s to be f\r miles 9 wid? & sev]al ye>s old4 ,!y speak ( x z a 8bulw>k built = et]nity40 ,out to seaw>d1 ! ice1 :i* 0 v hummocky1 /ret*$ 9 an unbrok5 expanse4 ,illu/ration3 8,,into ,a ,,wat]-,,gap40 ,two o!r sl$ge-p>ties 7 s5t out e>ly 9 ,may3 "o ( ^! 0 employ$ 9 mak+ geographical & sci5tific explorations ( ! neighb\r+ coa/ ( ,gre5l&2 ! o!r 9 attempt+ ! measurem5t ( an arc ( ! m]idian4 ,_! j\rneys 7 difficult en\gh & tr\blesome en\gh1 & made l>ge dem&s on ! en]gies ( ^? :o und]took !m4 ,cross+ hummocks & rugg$ ice 0 we>y "w1 & sometimes ! :ole p>ty plung$ into deep drifts ( sn[4 ,on "o occasion1 ! sl$ge 0 precipitat$ into a wat]-gap1 or crevasse2 & be=e x c\ld be recov]$ & haul$ up on ! ice-floe1 !y 7 compell$ to unload x1 & remove ea* article1 "o by "o4 ,!n aga9 !y w\ld h to make _! way ?r\gh a /orm ( pitiless viol5ce2 ! nor? w9d driv+ ! froz5 sn[ into _! faces ) a fury t almo/ bl9d$ !m4 ,up to _! knees 9 ! new sn[1 !y press$ =w>d ) a dogg$ intrepidity2 endur+ h>d%ips & triumph+ ov] ob/acles ( :i* ! 8mob ( g5tlem5 :o /ay at home at ease0 c =m no adequate conception4 ,! be>s n[ increas$ 9 numb]s & 9 boldness1 z if !y _h det]m9$ to besiege ! small company n[ left on bo>d ! %ip4 ,! greate/ caution 0 necess>y to prev5t accid5ts2 & ?\gh sev]al 7 %ot1 _! dea? did n appe> to t]rify ! survivors4 ,! ?aw began ab\t ! middle ( ,may1 & t[>ds ! close ( ! mon? ! sl$ge-p>ties 7 =c$ to wade ?r\gh ! wat] :i* flood$ ! surface ( ! sea-ice4 ,9 ,june1 l>ge portions ( l&-ice 7 cont9ually break+ (f1 & mu* op5 wat] c\ld be descri$ 9 ! s\?-ea/4 ,b x 0 n until ! #aj? ( ,july t ! ice ar\nd ! %ip broke up4 ,f\r days lat]1 boat+ became practicable1 & a voyage 0 made to ! ,eskimo village on ,clav]+ ,isl&4 ,x end$ 9 disappo9tm5t1--! village hav+ be5 des]t$1 & ! huts hav+ fall5 into ru94 ,on ! #bbnd ( ,july1 ! ,g]mania once m /eam$ to ! nor?w>d1 to r5ew ! attempt ( ! prec$+ ye>4 ,h] boil]-tubes1 h[ev]1 leak$ s s]i\sly1 t x 0 evid5t ! boil] w\ld spe$ily fail altoge!r4 ,aft] "s delay x 0 tempor>ily pat*$ up2 & by foll[+ a n>r[ *annel betwe5 ! loose pack-ice & ! firm ice-belt ( ! coa/1 %e contriv$ to pu% =w>d to ! nor?-ea/ cape ( ,%annon ,isl&1 9 lat4 #ge #bi' ,n4 ,"h ! ice b>ri] %[$ itself compact1 solid1 & insup]able4 ,! ,g]mania1 !re=e1 on ! #cj? ( ,july1 made = ! s\?w>d1 & cont9u$ h] explorations 9 t direction4 ,! 8,mack5zie ,inlet10 :i* ,capta9 ,clav]+ discov]$ 9 #ahbc1 0 f\nd to h disappe>$2 its place be+ occupi$ by a l[1 flat pla91 on :i* h]ds ( re9de] 7 pa/ur+4 ,s unaccu/om$ 7 !y to ! sight ( man1 & s fe>less ( dang]1 t five ( !m 7 spe$ily %ot4 ,on ! #f? ( ,augu/1 ! ,g]mania discov]$ & ent]$ a broad1 deep fiord 9 lat4 #gc #ac'4 ,x 0 p]fectly free f ice2 b a fleet ( huge iceb]gs 0 sail+ out ( x ) ! curr5t4 ,x 0 soon notic$ t ! f>!r !y asc5d$ ?is picturesque sea-arm1 ! w>m] became ! temp]ature ( ! air & ( ! surface wat]4 ,x ?rew (f sev]al bran*es1 & ^! w\nd 9 & out among l(ty m\nta9s4 ,_! declivities 7 wa%$ by cascades1 & _! rav9es fill$ ) glaci]s2 s t ! prospect ?us unexpect$ly op5$ up ( ! int]ior ( ,gre5l& 0 s+ul>ly romantic & impressive4 ,"s ( ! adv5tur]s asc5d$ a m\nta9 #gjjj feet 9 height2 b ev5 f ?is l(ty wat*-t[] no limit c\ld be disc]n$ to ! we/]n or pr9cipal arm ( ! fiord4 ,9 ab\t #cb ,w4 long4 ! m\nta9-range rose1 x 0 asc]ta9$1 to an elevation ( #ad1jjj feet4 ,! ,g]mania p5etrat$ = sev5ty-two miles into ?is rem>kable inlet1 & rea*$ #bf ,w4 long42 b h] boil] act+ irregul>ly1 & ,capta9 ,koldewey be+ appreh5sive ( ! consequ5ces if x :olly fail$1 comm5c$ 8 homew>d voyage on ! #ag? ( ,augu/4 ,he re-ent]$ ! pack-ice at ! m\? ( ! fiord1 & 0 occupi$ until ! #bd? 9 =c+ 8 way ?r\gh x1--rea*+ ! op51 iceless sea 9 lat4 #gb ,n4 & long4 #ad ,w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,crew ,,( ,,! 8,,g]mania0 ,,9 ,a ,,sn[-,,/orm4 ,! ,g]mania1 ow+ to ! uselessness ( h] boil]1 made ! re/ ( h] voyage "u sail1 & arriv$ at ,brem5 9 safety on ! #aa? ( ,septemb]1 ) all well on bo>d4 ,x is wor? notice t1 ) ! exception ( two accid5tal w\nds1 ?is int]e/+ exp$ition 0 accompli%$ )\t any k9d ( sickness1--a circum/ance :i* speaks highly = ! =e?\ght & c>efulness ( ^? engag$ 9 equipp+ & conduct+ x4 ,we h be5 indebt$ = our brief notice ( ! voyage ( ! ,g]mania to a pap] by ,capta9 ,sir ,leopold ,m',cl9tock1 :o sums up its results 9 a cond5s$ & intelligible =m2 & to ! n>ratives by ,capta9 ,koldewey & 8 (fic]s1 translat$ by ,mr4 ,m]ci]1 & publi%$ "u ! direction ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,bates4 ,! ,gre5l& %ore1 "u ! sev5ty-fif? p>allel ( latitude1 is n ! froz5 des]t :i* x has hi!rto be5 suppos$ to be4 ,x is frequ5t$ by l>ge h]ds ( re9de]1 z _m z fifty hav+ be5 sight$ at a "t4 ,musk-ox5 7 by no means r>e1 b made _! appe>ance 9 troops ( fifte5 or sixte52 :ile small] animals1 su* z erm9es & lemm+s1 7 also met )4 ,birds 7 n num]\s2 %oals ( walruses 7 notic$1 b no :ales4 ,geographically speak+1 ! voyage 0 valuable f ! obs]vations obta9$ 9 ref]5ce to a region :i* previ\sly 0 almo/ unkn[n4 ,! abs5ce ( natives1 & ( all rec5t traces ( !m1 is a rem>kable fact4 ,9 #ahbi1 ,capta9 ,graab f\nd ! nor!rn ,gre5l&]s rang+ z high z #fd #ae' ,n4 lat42 b !y knew no?+ ( any human be+s liv+ fur!r nor?2 nor c\ld !y !mselves travel 9 t direction1 ! way be+ block$ up by huge impassable glaci]s4 ,9 #ahbb1 :5 ,scoresby p>tially explor$ ! ,gre5l& coa/ betwe5 ! p>allels ( #gj & #gb #cj'1 he discov]$ _m ru9$ habitations & graves1 b no rec5t indications ( human be+s4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ,capta9 ,clav]+ met ) a p>ty ( ,eskimos 9 #gd2 b nei!r he nor ,scoresby f\nd re9de] or musk-ox52 & ! fact asc]ta9$ by ! ,g]mania t1 9 #ahfi1 ^! animals 7 num]\s1 & devoid ( any fe> ( man1 gives reason to suppose t few1 if any1 ( ?is isolat$ tribe ( ,eskimos are n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,n[1 z ! musk-ox51 & also ! re9de]1 seem to h w&]$ hi!r f ! nor?w>d1 we may conjecture t ! natives foll[$ ! same r\te4 8,if x be true10 says ,m',cl9tock1 8t ?is migration ( m5 & animals 0 effect$ f we/ to ea/ along ! nor!rn %ore ( ,gre5l&1 we naturally assume t x does n ext5d f> t[>ds ! ,pole2 t1 probably1 its mo/ nor!rn po9t is at ! ea/]n outlet ( ,k5n$y ,*annel1 & t x turns f !nce %>ply t[>ds ! ea/ & nor?-ea/1--! di/ance1 9 a /raight l9e1 to ! mo/ nor!rn po9t rea*$ by ,koldewey1 is n m ?an six hundr$ miles4 ,x is n less /range ?an sad to f9d t a peaceable & once num]\s tribe1 inhabit+ a coa/-l9e ( at lea/ #g ( latitude 9 ext5t1 has di$ out1 or has almo/ di$ out1 :il/ at ! same "t we f9d1 by ! dim9ution ( ! glaci]s & increase ( animal life1 t ! t]rible sev]ity ( ! climate has und]gone consid]able modification4 ,we feel ?is sadd5+ int]e/ ) great] =ce :5 we reflect t ! di/ance ( ,clav]+'s village f ! coa/ ( ,scotl& is "u "o ?\s& miles6 ,!y 7 our ne>e/ neighb\rs ( ! ,new ,_w40 99 99 99 99 99 ,return+ sudd5ly to ! sixte5? c5tury1 we f9d ! names ( "s ,dut* seam5 ( em95ce inscrib$ 9 ! record ( e>ly ,arctic ,discov]y1 & among/ ^! ! mo/ illu/ri\s is t ( ,william ,b>5ts4 ,we ref] to him "h1 because he is connect$ ) ,c>ls5's voyage 9 #ahfi1 :i* w5t ov] mu* ! same gr\nd z t :i* ! ,dut* explor] _h survey$ ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e4 ,! m]*ants ( ,am/]dam hav+ fitt$ out a %ip--! ,m]curius1 ( "o hundr$ tons--to attempt a passage r\nd ! nor!rn end ( ,novaia ,zemlaia1 ! comm& 0 giv5 to ,william ,b>5ts2 :o accord+ly sail$ f ! ,texel on ! #d? ( ,june #aeid4 ,he sight$ ,novaia ,zemlaia1 9 lat4 #gc #be' ,n41 on ! #d? ( ,july1 sail$ along its grim1 gaunt coa/1 d\bl$ ,cape ,nassau on ! #aj?1 & /ruck ! edge ( ! nor!rn ice on ! #ac?4 ,= sev]al days he skirt$ ?is =midable b>ri]1 va9ly seek+ = an op5+2 & 9 que/ ( a *annel into ! fur!r sea1 he sail$ p]sev]+ly f ,cape ,nassau to ! ,orange ,isl&s4 ,he w5t ov] no few] ?an sev5te5 hundr$ miles ( gr\nd 9 8 assidu\s se>*1 & put 8 %ip ab\t "o-&-eighty times4 ,he discov]$ also ! long l9e ( coa/ betwe5 ! two po9ts we h nam$1 lay+ x d[n ) an exactness :i* has be5 ackn[l$g$ by lat] explor]s4 ,8 m5 we>y+ ( lab\r :i* seem$ to yield no positive results1 ,b>5ts 0 "u ! necessity ( return+ home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,! ,,h\se4 ,9 #aeif ! ,am/]damm]s fitt$ out ano!r exp$ition1 consi/+ ( two /rongly-built %ips1 "u ,jacob van ,heemsk]* & ,jan ,cornelizoon ,rijp1 ) ,b>5ts z pilot1 ?\gh really 9 comm&4 ,9 ?is voyage ! adv5tur]s kept away f ! l&1 9 ord] to avoid ! pack-ice1 & sail+ to ! we/w>d1 discov]$ ,be> ,isl& on ! #i? ( ,june4 ,!n !y /e]$ to ! nor?w>d1 & hove 9 sight ( ,spitzb]g5 exactly t5 days lat]4 ,!y suppos$1 h[ev]1 t x 0 only a "p ( ,gre5l&1 & 7 l$ to be> away to ! nor?-we/--a c\rse :i* 0 spe$ily arre/$ by ! et]nal icy b>ri]4 ,b>5ts !n coa/$ along ! we/]n side ( ,spitzb]g52 & ! nor?-we/]n headl& be+ frequ5t$ by an imm5se numb] ( birds1 he call$ x ,vogelsang4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,july he aga9 made ,be> ,isl&1 & "h he & ,rijp agre$ to sep>ate4 ,( ! latt] we "k only t he 0 unsuccessful 9 an attempt to f9d an op5+ 9 ! ice on ! ea/ ( ,gre5l&1 & t he return$ to ,holl& 9 ! same ye>4 ,( ! =m] ! n>rative is pa9fully full & int]e/+4 ,quitt+ ,be> ,isl&1 he rea*$ ,novaia ,zemlaia on ! #ag? ( ,july1 sight+ ! coa/ 9 lat4 #gd #dj' ,n4 ,keep+ along x ) *>act]i/ic p]sev]ance until ! #g? ( ,augu/1 he pass$ ,cape ,com=t2 b only to f9d himself once m face to face ) ! dre>y spectacle ( ! f>-rea*+ ,pol> ice4 ,x s hemm$ & f5c$ him 9 on e side1 t he 0 unable to extricate 8 vessel f x2 & be+ driv5 into a bay1 :i* he nam$ ,ice ,hav51 8!re !y 7 =c$1 9 great cold1 pov]ty1 mis]y1 & griefe1 to /ay all ! w9t]40 ,= ! heavy pack-ice drift+ into ! bay clos$ x up1 & clos$ ar\nd ! %ip until %e 0 held fa/ z 9 iron bonds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,attack ,,on ,a ,,be>4 ,b>5ts & 8 sixte5 foll[]s n[ prep>$ to enc\nt] ) a good he>t ! trials ( ! long ,arctic w9t]-night4 ,!y display$1 9 tru?1 a c\rage1 a pati5ce1 & a good fell[%ip :i* 7 h]oic4 ,f9d+ a l>ge supply ( drift-wood1 !y con/ruct$1 ) ! help ( planks f ! poop & =eca/le ( ! vessel1 a suffici5tly commodi\s h\se1 into :i* !y remov$ all _! /ores & provisions4 ,!y fix$ a *imney 9 ! c5tre ( ! ro(2 a ,dut* clock 0 set up & duly /ruck ! we>y h\rs2 ! sleep+-b]?s 7 rang$ along ! walls2 a w9e-cask 0 conv]t$ into a ba?4 ,all ^! +5i\s devices1 h[ev]1 avail$ b little aga9/ ! t]rible feel+ ( depression :i* is induc$ by ! cont9uance = s _m weeks ( a blank & *e]less d>kness4 ,! sun disappe>$ on ! #d? ( ,novemb]1 & ! cold !reaft] increas$ until x 0 almo/ intol]able4 ,_! w9e & be] 7 froz51 & lo/ all _! /r5g?4 ,by means ( great fires1 by apply+ heat$ /ones to _! feet1 & by wrapp+ !mselves up 9 d\ble fox-sk9 coats1 !y b>ely contriv$ to keep (f ! deadly cold4 ,9 se>*+ = drift-wood !y endur$ ! %>pe/ pa91 & (t5 brav$ imm95t dang]4 ,to add to _! tr\bles1 !y _h mu* ado to def5d !mselves aga9/ ! be>s1 :i* made frequ5t assaults on _! hut4 ,h[ev]1 !y contriv$ to slaught] "s ( ! audaci\s animals1 & _! fat provid$ !m ) oil = _! lamps4 ,:5 ! sun disappe>$ ! be>s dep>t$1 & !n ! :ite foxes came 9 great numb]s4 ,!y 7 mu* m welcome visitors1 & be+ caught 9 traps1 set 9 ! vic9ity ( ! h\se1 suppli$ ! ice-b\nd voyag]s ) food & clo?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sett+ ,,fox-,,traps4 ,:5 ! #ai? ( ,decemb] arriv$1 !y f\nd "s com=t 9 ! reflection t half ! dre>y season ( d>kness _h pass$ away1 & t !y c\ld n[ c\nt e day z br++ !m ne>] to ! joyful spr+4 ,!y suff]$ mu*1 b endur$ _! suff]+s bravely2 & celebrat$ ,twelf? ,night ) a little sack1 two p\nds ( meat1 & "s m]ry games4 ,! gunn] drew ! prize1 & became ,k+ ( ,novaia ,zemlaia1 8:i* is at lea/ two hundr$ miles long1 & lye? betwe5 two seas40 ,on ! #bg? ( ,janu>y e he>t rejoic$1 = ! gl[+ disc ( ! sun reappe>$ above ! horizon4 ,b x br\ght ) x _! old enemies ! be>s1 aga9/ :om !y f\nd x necess>y to ex]cise ! greate/ vigilance4 ,on ! #bbnd ( ,febru>y !y aga9 saw 8mu* op5 wat] 9 ! sea1 :i* 9 long "t !y _h n se5e40 ,dur+ ! :ole mon? viol5t /orms broke out1 & ! sn[ fell 9 enorm\s quantities4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,m>* a gale f ! nor?-ea/ br\ght back ! ice1 & ! op5 wat] disappe>$2 ! ice driv+ 9 ) mu* fury & a mighty noise1 ! pieces cra%+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 8fe>ful to he>40 ,up to ! #h? ( ,may ! ice 0 ev]y:]e1 & _! sad eyes c\ld look =? on no pleasant or hopeful sc5e4 ,!n x began to break up1 & ! gaunt1 we>y explor]s prep>$ to tempt ! sea once m4 ,!y set to "w to repair _! two boats1 = _! %ip 0 s crippl$ & /ra9$ by ! ice t %e 0 injur$ beyond _! ability to repair4 ,illu/ration3 ,,reliev$4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,june !y quitt$ ! place ( _! long captivity2 ,b>5ts1 be=e !y set out1 draw+ up 9 writ+ a li/ ( _! names1 ) a brief record ( _! exp]i5ces1 & deposit+ x 9 ! wood5 hut4 ,he himself 0 s r$uc$ ) sickness1 want1 & anxiety t he 0 unable to /&1 & _h to be c>ri$ into ! boat4 ,on ! #af?1 ! capta91 hail+ f ! o!r boat1 inquir$ h[ ! pilot f>$4 8,q well1 mate10 ,b>5ts repli$2 8,i /ill hope to m5d be=e we get to ,w>dh\se10--,w>dh\se be+ an isl& on ! coa/ ( ,lapl&4 ,b he di$ on ! #ai? 7or1 z "s au?orities say1 on ! #bj?71 to ! great grief ( 8 comrades1 :o appreciat$ 8 manly "*1 & plac$ great reliance on 8 exp]i5ce & skill4 ,! adv5tur]s met ) _m difficulties f ! ice1--sometimes be+ c>ri$ out f> f ! ice-belt1 & at o!rs be+ compell$ to haul ! boats = long di/ances ov] ! r\gh surface ( ! floes to rea* op5 wat]4 ,x has be5 well obs]v$ t !re are _m in/ances on record ( long ocean-voyages p]=m$ 9 op5 boats1 b t1 p]haps1 n "o is ( s extraord9>y a "* z t :i* we are describ+1--:5 two small & crazy craft v5tur$ to cross ! froz5 seas = elev5 hundr$ miles1 cont9ually endang]$ by huge float+ ice-masses1 ?reat5$ by be>s1 & expos$ = =ty days to ! comb9$ trials ( sickness1 fam9e1 cold1 & fatigue4 ,at l5g? !y arriv$ at ,kola1 9 ,lapl&1 t[>ds ! end ( ,augu/2 &1 /rangely en\gh1 7 tak5 on bo>d a ,dut* vessel comm&$ by ! v ,cornelizoon ,rijp :o _h comm&$ ! si/] discov]y-%ip 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,!y rea*$ ! ,maas 9 safety 9 ,octob] #aeig4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no voyag] appe>s to h sail$ 9 ! track ( ,b>5ts1 or1 at all ev5ts1 to h visit$ ! place :]e he w9t]$1 until #ahga4 ,no "o b he _h r\nd$ ! nor?-ea/ po9t ( bleak ,novaia ,zemlaia4 ,9 #ahfi1 h[ev]1 & on ! #af? ( ,may1 ,capta9 ,c>ls51 a ,norwegian ( mu* exp]i5ce 9 ! ,nor? ,sea trade1 sail$ f ,hamm]fe/ 9 a sloop ( sixty tons1 call$ ! ,solid4 ,on ! #g? ( ,septemb] he rea*$ ,ice ,hav51 & on ! #i? discov]$ a rude wood5 h\se /&+ at ! head ( ! bay4 ,its dim5sions 7 #cb feet by #bj1 & x 0 con/ruct$ ( planks measur+ f #ad to #af in*es 9 bread?1 & #a in*es ?ick4 ,^!1 x 0 evid5t1 _h belong$ to a %ip1 & among/ !m 7 sev]al oak beams4 ,heaps ( bones ( seal1 be>1 re9de]1 & walrus1 z well z sev]al l>ge pun*eons1 7 collect$ r\nd ! hut4 ,x 0 ! w9t]-prison ( ,b>5ts & 8 companions1 & _h nev] be5 ent]$ by human foot s9ce !y _h ab&on$ x4 ,! cook+-pans /ood ov] ! fireplace1 ! old clock hung aga9/ ! wall2 !re 7 ! books1 & implem5ts1 & tools1 & weapons :i* _h be5 ( s mu* s]vice two hundr$ & sev5ty-eight ye>s be=e4 ,x 0 an ,arctic reproduction ( ! leg5d ( ! hundr$ ye>s' sleep ( ! fairy pr9cess4 ,capta9 ,c>ls5 gives ! foll[+ li/ ( articles f\nd 9 ! lone hut on ! %ore ( ,novaia ,zemlaia3-- ,iron frame ov] ! fireplace1 ) %ift+ b>2 two %ip cook+-pans ( copp]1 f\nd /&+ on ! iron frame1 ) ! rema9s ( a copp] scoop2 copp] b&s1 probably at "o "t fa/5$ r\nd pails2 b> ( iron2 iron cr[b>2 "o long & two small gun-b>rels2 two bores or aug]s1 ea* ?ree feet 9 l5g?2 *isel1 padlock1 caulk+-iron1 ?ree g\ges1 & six files2 plate ( z9c2 e>!nw>e j>2 tank>d1 ) z9c lid2 l[] half ( ano!r tank>d2 six fragm5ts ( pepp]-pots2 t9 meat-/ra9]2 pair ( boots2 sword2 fragm5ts ( old engrav+s1 ) ,lat9 c\plets und]nea? !m2 ?ree ,dut* books2 a small piece ( metal2 n9ete5 c>tridge cases1 "s /ill full ( p[d]2 iron *e/1 ) lid1 & intricate lock-"w2 fragm5ts ( metal h&le ( same2 gr9d/one2 an eight-p\nd iron weight2 small cannon-ball2 gun-lock1 ) hamm] & fl9t2 clock1 bell ( clock1 & /rik]2 rasp2 small aug]2 small n>r[ /rips ( copp] b&2 two salt & pepp] pots1 ab\t eight in*es high2 two pairs ( compasses2 fragm5t ( iron-h&l$ knife2 ?ree spoons2 bor]2 hone2 "o wood51 & "o bronze tap2 two wood5 /opp]s = gun muzzles2 two spe> or ice-pole heads2 f\r navigation in/rum5ts2 a flute2 lock & key2 ano!r lock2 sl$ge-hamm] head2 clock weight2 tw5ty-six pewt] c&le/icks & fragm5ts1 six 9 a complete /ate ( pres]vation2 pit*] ( ,etruscan %ape1 beautifully engrav$2 upp] half ( ano!r pit*]2 wood5 tr5*]1 col\r$ r$2 clock al>um2 ?ree scales2 f\r m$allions1 circul>1 ab\t eight in*es 9 diamet]1 ?ree ( !m m\nt$ 9 oak frames2 a /r+ ( buttons2 hilt ( sword1 & a foot ( its blade2 halb]d head2 & two c>v$ pieces ( wood1 "o ) ! haft ( a knife 9 x4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,septemb] ,capta9 ,c>ls5 sail$ f ! ,ice ,hav51 & kept along ! ea/ coa/ ( ,novaia ,zemlaia1 enc\nt]+ bad wea!r & contr>y w9ds1 b succe$+ 9 8 *ief object1 ! circumnavigation ( ! isl&1 :i* he accompli%$ on ! #f? ( ,octob]4 ,he return$ to ,hamm]fe/ e>ly 9 ,novemb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our *ronological summ>y n[ br+s u to ! ,au/rian ,pol> exp$ition ( #ahgb4 ,! comm& 0 intru/$ to ,lieut5ant ,pay]1 an accompli%$ seaman :o _h s]v$ "u ,capta9 ,koldewey2 ,c>ls5 0 engag$ z pilot2 & ! /eam] ,tege?(f 0 c>efully & abundantly equipp$ = ! voyage4 ,! plan laid d[n by ,lieut5ant ,pay] 0 well-conceiv$2 namely1 to r\nd ! nor?-ea/]n po9t ( ,novaia ,zemlaia1 & sail ea/w>d until he made ! extreme nor? ( ,sib]ia1 :]e he propos$ to w9t]4 ,9 ! spr+1 travell+-p>ties w\ld be s5t out on explor+ j\rneys2 & ! voyage1 9 summ]1 w\ld be cont9u$ z f> z ,behr+ ,/rait4 ,! ,tege?(f /eam$ out ( ,troms ,h>b\r on ! #ac? ( ,july2 fir/ fell 9 ) ! ice on ! #be?1 9 lat4 #gd #ae' ,n42 & on ! #bi? sight$ ! coa/ ( ,novaia ,zemlaia4 ,"h %e 0 caught 9 ! pack2 b /eam be+ got up1 repeat$ *>ges 7 made at ! enemy1 & %e 0 c>ri$ bravely into an op5 wat]-way1 ab\t tw5ty miles wide1 to ! nor? ( ! ,mato*kia ,/rait4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,augu/ %e 0 jo9$ by ! ,isbyrn ya*t1 ) ,c\nt ,wilczck & "s fri5ds on bo>d4 ,! two vessels an*or$ close to ! %ore1 9 lat4 #gf #cj' ,n41 & on ! #ah? celebrat$ ! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria's bir?day4 ,daily excursions 7 made by sl$ge-p>ties to ! adjo9+ isl&s1 result+ 9 an accumulation ( botanical & geological specim5s1 besides slaught]$ be>s & foxes1 & quantities ( drift-wood4 ,on ! #bcrd ! vessels p>t$ company1--! ,tege?(f /eam+ to ! nor?w>d1 & ! ,isbyrn endeav\r+ to pu% s\?w>d along ! coa/4 ,on rea*+ ! m\? ( ! ,pet*ora1 ,c\nt ,wilczck & 8 fri5ds left h] to proce$ on ! return voyage to ,troms1 :ile !y asc5d$ ! ,pet*ora 9 small boats to ,p]m1 & return$ to ,vi5na by way ( ,mosc[4 ,! ,tege?(f sp5t ! w9t]s ( #ahgb & #ahgc 9 ! ,icy ,sea1 & made "s discov]ies ( int]e/4 ,x return$ 9 safety 9 ! summ] ( #ahgd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #ahga an ,am]ican exp$ition 0 fitt$ out "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,*>les ,francis ,hall1 :o _h already ga9$ di/9ction by 8 explorations 9 ! ,pol> regions & 8 long resid5ce among ! ,eskimos4 ,?r\gh ! lib]ality ( ,mr4 ,gr9nell1 assi/$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 he 0 provid$ ) a /\t & well-f\nd /eam]1 ! ,pol>is1 :i* sail$ f ,brooklyn on ! #bi? ( ,june4 ,%e c>ri$ a crew ( sev5te5 (fic]s & m51--,mr4 ,budd+ton be+ sail+ & ice ma/]1 & ,mr4 ,tyson assi/ant navigator1--besides six adult ,eskimos & two *ildr52 & a sci5tific /aff consi/+ ( ,dr4 ,emil ,bessel1 ,mr4 ,bryan1 & ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,mey]s4 ,a few days previ\s to ! sail+ ( ! exp$ition1 ,mr4 ,gr9nell pres5t$ ,hall ) ! hi/oric flag :i* ,lieut5ant ,wilkes1 9 #ahch1 _h borne ne>] to ! ,s\? ,pole ?an any ,am]ican flag _h be5 be=e1--:i* ,lieut5ant ,de ,hav51 & aft]w>ds ,dr4 ,kane1 & la/ly ,dr4 ,hayes1 _h c>ri$ fur!r nor? ?an any o!r ensign4 ,capta9 ,hall1 9 receiv+ x1 express$ 8 conviction t1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahgb1 8x w\ld float ov] a new _w1 9 :i* ! ,nor? ,pole ,/> is ! cr[n+ jewel40 ,on ! #crd ( ,july ! ,pol>is ent]$ ! l&-lock$ h>b\r ( ,/4 ,john's1 ,newf\ndl&1 :]e %e rema9$ a week :ile h] ma*9]y und]w5t "s repairs4 ,!n %e proce$$ nor? to ,hol/e9b]g1 9 ,gre5l&2 b fail$ 9 procur+ a supply ( coal or a /ock ( re9de] furs1 bo? ( :i* 7 mu* desid]at$4 ,on ! #d? ( ,augu/ %e arriv$ at ! ,dani% settlem5t ( ,godhav51 & happily f\nd ! ,unit$ ,/ates /eam] ,congress1 :i* _h be5 despat*$ ) extra /ores & supplies4 ,!nce %e /eam$ nor?w>d to ,up]navik1 :i* 0 rea*$ on ! #ah?4 ,s f> h] progress seem$ to h be5 peculi>ly =tunate2 b already diss5sions _h brok5 out among ! (fic]s1 :i* augur$ ill = ! ev5tual success ( ! exp$ition4 ,9 8 despat*es home1 h[ev]1 ,capta9 ,hall made no allusion to ?is disc\rag+ circum/ance2 & 8 biograph] expla9s ?is sil5ce by 88 idiosyncrasy1 :i* enabl$ him to s9k ev]y?+ else 9 ! "o idea ( pu%+ on to ! f> nor?40 ,up]navik1 ) its little colony ( ,dani% (ficials & ,eskimo natives1 0 left beh9d on ! #ba/ ( ,augu/1 & ! ,pol>is cont9u$ h] adv5tur\s c\rse4 ,six days lat]1 %e arriv$ at ,kane's w9t]-qu>t]s 9 #ahec-ee1 & at ! po9t :]e he ab&on$ 8 little vessel1 ! ,advance4 ,next day h] crew f\nd a huge wall ( ice 9 front ( !m1 & d\bl$ r\nd x by /e]+ to ! we/-nor?-we/4 ,!n aga9 putt+ _! vessel's head to ! nor?w>d1 !y made _! way up ,k5n$y ,*annel1 & ga9$ ! ?re%old ( :at ,dr4 ,kane _h suppos$ to be ! ,op5 ,pol> ,sea4 ,!y discov]$1 h[ev]1 t x 0 b\nd$ by l& on ei!r side1 ) a va/ expanse ( ice /ret*+ f> beyond x4 ,c>eful obs]vation %[$ t x 01 9 reality1 a bay1 :i* ,kane _h mi/ak5 = ! op5 sea :5 its l&-b\nd>ies 7 hidd5 by fog4 ,x is ab\t =ty-five miles wide4 ,!nce !y ent]$ a *annel simil> to t ( ,k5n$y1 :i* measur$ ab\t sev5te5 miles 9 bread?1 & 0 ob/ruct$ by heavy ice4 ,_! progress n[ 0 sl[ & difficult1 & _m ( ! crew wore rueful c\nt5ances1 z if !y 7 go+ 8to sail (f ! edge ( ! _w40 ,a m s]i\s ob/acle 0 ! timidity ( ,capta9 ,budd+ton1 :o %[$ himself oppos$ to pu%+ fur!r nor?w>d4 ,hall1 !re=e1 resolv$ to c>ry ! /eam] 9-%ore1 l& "s ( 8 /ores1 & prep>e = w9t]+ at ?is advanc$ po9t ( 8,ultima ,?ule40 ,at midnight1 on ! #d? ( ,septemb]1 ,capta9 ,hall rais$ an ,am]ican flag on ?is l&1 ! nor!rnmo/ site on :i* any civiliz$ flag _h be5 plant$4 ,:5 x 0 wav+ 9 ! breeze1 he proclaim$ t he took possession ( ! surr\nd+ region ( sn[ & ice 89 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 & = ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,he !n return$ on bo>d ! ,pol>is1 & h] an*or 0 let g4 ,! place 0 only a b5d 9 ! coa/1 & af=d$ no protection z a h>b\r2 !y !re=e /eam$ ?r\gh ! op5 wat]1 & se>*$ fur!r to ! s\?w>d2 b f9d+ no m %elt]$ qu>t]s1 !y return$ to _! =m] an*orage1 & began to l& provisions1--! w9d moan+ sadly1 & ! sn[ fall+ 9 heavy %[]s4 ,on ! #g?1 !y weigh$ an*or & /eam$ 9 ne>] to ! %ore2 br++ ! %ip r\nd beh9d an iceb]g1 :i* lay agr\nd 9 ?irte5 fa?oms ( wat]4 ,?is huge mass ( ice prov$ to be ab\t #dej feet 9 l5g?1 #cjj feet 9 bread?1 & #fj feet 9 height2 lat #ha #ch' ,n41 long4 #fa #de' ,w4 ,! b]g 0 nam$ 8,provid5ce ,b]g10 & ! cove 9 :i* !y _h e/abli%$ !mselves1 8,?ank ,god ,h>b\r40 ,on survey+ ! surr\nd+ c\ntry !y f\nd no?+ calculat$ to bright5 ! prospects ( ! com+ w9t]4 ,! coa/-hills rose f n9e to ?irte5 hundr$ feet 9 height1 & 7 furr[$ & sc>r$ ) great cracks & fissures1 :i* bore witness to ! r\gh usage ( fro/ & ice1 w9d & wea!r4 ,to ! s\? lay a l>ge glaci]1 :i* swept r\nd 9 a wide circuit1 & fell into ! bay imm$iately nor? ( _! an*orage4 ,traces ( ,eskimos 7 disc]nible "h & !re2 circles ( /ones1 indicat+ :]e !y _h pit*$ _! t5ts4 ,! l&scape 0 all ( a dull neutral t9t1 a k9d ( cold gray2 =1 z yet1 ! w9t] sn[ _h n clo!d x ) its mantle ( dazzl+ :it5ess4 ,= ?is1 h[ev]1 ! adv5tur]s _h n long to wait4 ,a sn[-/orm began on ! #bg? ( ,septemb]1 & la/$ = six-&-?irty h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fun]al ,,( ,,capta9 ,,hall4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,octob] ,capta9 ,hall organiz$ a sl$g+ exp$ition1 z a prelim9>y to an ext5d$ j\rney 9 ! spr+4 ,!re 7 two sl$ges1 ea* drawn by sev5 dogs2 ,capta9 ,hall & ,eskimo ,joe 9 "o sl$ge1 & ,mr4 ,*e/] & ,eskimo ,hans 9 ! o!r4 ,!y 7 abs5t until ! #bd?1 b ow+ to ! r\ghness ( ! ice _h accompli%$ only fifty miles1 & _h made no discov]y4 ,meantime1 ! crew _h be5 engag$ 9 bank+ up ! ice ar\nd ! %ip1 9 ord] to protect x f collision ) drift+ floes2 ! deck 0 p>tly ro($ ov]1 & cov]$ ) canvas2 & o!r prep>ations 7 made to resi/ ! t]rible inclem5cy ( an ,arctic w9t]4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 7 tempor>ily susp5d$ by ! sudd5 illness ( ,capta9 ,hall4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,novemb] he 0 a little bett]1 b on ! #crd 8 malady1 :i* appe>s to h be5 a =m ( p>alysis1 took a turn = ! worse2 & ! end came s rapidly t ! eag]-he>t$1 en?usia/ic explor]1 :o _h brav$ s _m h>% exp]i5ces 9 ! ,pol> ,_w1 8fell asleep0 e>ly on ! morn+ ( ! #h?4 ,a grave 0 imm$iately prep>$ = ! reception ( 8 rema9s ab\t half a mile inl&2 a %all[ grave1 = ! gr\nd 0 froz5 s h>d t x 0 sc>cely possible to break x up1 ev5 ) picks2 & on ! #aa?1 ! fun]al took place4 ,! "t *os5 0 half-pa/ elev5 9 ! morn+2 yet x 0 s d>k t ,mr4 ,bryan read pray]s by ! light 8( a lant]n dimly burn+40 ,all ! %ip's company 7 pres5t4 ,! c(f9 0 haul$ on a sl$ge1 ov] :i*1 by way ( pall1 0 spread ! ,am]ican flag ) its />s & /ripes4 ,! capta9 & (fic]s1 ,dr4 ,bessel1 & ,mr4 ,mey]s1 foll[$ z m\rn]s2 & /range & picturesque mu/ ! melan*oly procession h appe>$1 z x w\nd its way ?r\gh ice & sn[1 :ile a weird boreal light or gleam 9 ! air reveal$ ! outl9es ( ! di/ant hills1 ris+ l a ramp>t on ! edge ( ! sn[-cov]$ pla91 & flick]$ e n[ & !n ov] ! froz5 expanse ( ! ice-b\nd bay4 ,?us1 says ,capta9 ,tyson1 ?us end$ poor ,hall's ambiti\s projects2 ?us 0 /ill$ ! eff]vesc+ en?usiasm ( 8 ard5t nature4 8,wise he might n always h be51 b 8 s\l 0 9 8 "w2 & _h he liv$ till spr+1 ,i ?9k he w\ld h gone z f> z mortal man c\ld g to accompli% 8 mission4 ,b ) 8 dea?1 ,i fe> t all hopes ( fur!r progress w h to be ab&on$40 ,t ,tyson 0 "r 9 8 conjecture1 our n>rative w %[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,capta9 ,budd+ton succe$$ to ! comm&1 & "o ( 8 fir/ measures 0 to discont9ue ! ,sunday s]vice1 = reasons :i* he does n seem to h expla9$1 & we are unable to imag9e4 ,s f> z we c ga!r f ! publi%$ records ( ! exp$ition1 he 0 a man unfitt$ to be> responsibility1--a man )\t en?usiasm 9 himself1 & incapable1 !re=e1 ( /imulat+ x 9 o!rs4 ,nor c\ld he secure ! ob$i5ce ( 8 inf]iors4 ,seam5 are always prompt to detect ! weakness ( _! (fic]s2 & ! crew ( ! ,pol>is soon assur$ !mselves t _! new capta9 0 defici5t bo? 9 c\rage & resolution4 ,h[ev]1 ! w9t] gradually clos$ 9 ^u ! little ice-b\nd company ( ! ,pol>is1 & !y 7 call$ ^u to endure1 ) su* pati5ce z 0 at _! comm&1 ! sev]ities ( ! long ,arctic night4 ,x 0 v d>k1 yet n totally d>k4 ,= an h\r or two at noon x 0 possible to w&] a %ort di/ance f ! sn[-ro($ vessel2 b1 once away f x1 ! gloom & sil5ce ( ev]y?+ ar\nd settl$ d[n on ! w&]] l a pall4 ,!re 7 none ( ! usual s\nds ( ,nature to relieve ! deep oppression ( ! sc5e4 8,! o!r ev5+10 says ,tyson1 8,i _h w&]$ away f ! %ip1 disgu/$ ) ! confusion & noise1 & long+ = a mom5t's quiet4 ,once beyond range ( ! m5's voices1 !re 0 absolutely no o!r s\nd :atev]4 ,x 0 q calm--no w9d1 no movem5t ( any liv+ creature2 no?+ b a lead5 sky above1 ice b5ea? my feet1 & sil5ce ev]y:]e4 ,x hung l a pall ov] ev]y?+4 ,s pa9fully oppressive did x become at la/1 t ,i 0 frequ5tly tempt$ to %\t al\d1 to break ! spell4 ,at la/ ,i did2 b no response came1 n ev5 an e*o4 #8,! space 0 void2 !re ,i /ood1 ,& ! sole spectre 0 ! solitude4'0 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,arctic ,,sn[-,,/orm4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y #ahgb1 x is record$ t eighty days _h elaps$ s9ce ! adv5tur]s _h se5 ! sun4 ,! int]nal economy ( ! ,pol>is1 meantime1 0 pitiably disorganiz$4 ,!re 0 no discipl9e1 no ord]1 no me?od4 ,! m5 did :at !y pleas$1 & consequ5tly made night hide\s by _! prolong$ c>\sals4 ,! (fic]s disagre$ among !mselves1 & ! object ( ! exp$ition appe>$ to h be5 lo/ sight (1 or no long] to excite any deep or p]man5t int]e/4 ,x 0 ev5 discuss$ z a prop] & probable c\rse to ab&on ! propos$ nor?w>d exploration1 &1 z soon z ! ice broke up1 to make all ha/e back to ,new ,york4 ,e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 ! daylight began to ga9 ^u ! night a little1 & ! ,eskimos hunt$ = seals1 z !y c\ld be he>d "u ! ice mak+ _! brea?+ holes4 ,/orms 7 v frequ5t--/orms :i* drove ! sn[ af> 9 d5se1 bl9d+ cl\ds2 & false moons & o!r atmosph]ic ph5om5a attract$ ! att5tion ( ! curi\s obs]v]4 ,on ! #bh?1 aft] an abs5ce ( "o hundr$ & ?irty-five days1 ! sun reappe>$2 & nev] 0 royal gue/ m eag]ly welcom$ by a loyal p4 ,its rays seem$ to br+ ) !m a promise ( new life4 ,m5's he>ts grew light] 9 spite ( !mselves1 & all felt z if !y _h be5 reliev$ f a heavy & intol]able burd54 ,n t ! temp]ature %[$ any p]ceptible diff]5ce4 ,! !rmomet] indicat$ #cg bel[ z]o on ! #a/ ( ,m>*6 ,pass+ ov] a c\ple ( mon?s :i* pres5t no incid5ts ( importance1 we f9d t on ! #i? ( ,may ! monoton\s dulness ( ! exp$ition 0 brok5 by a sl$ge-j\rney to ! nor?1 und]tak5 by ,capta9 ,tyson1 ) ,mey]s1 ,joe1 & ,hans z companions4 ,!y 7 abs5t f ! %ip six days2 /rik+ inl&1 9 an ea/-nor?-ea/ direction1 to ,newman ,bay1 & !nce keep+ m to ! nor?1 until !y rea*$ lat4 #hb #i'4 ,mr4 ,mey]s survey$ ! %ores ( ,newman ,bay1 & ,capta9 ,tyson endeav\r$ to secure "s game4 ,"o day !y came on a l>ge h]d ( musk-ox54 ,^! animals act v curi\sly :5 an attack is made ^u !m4 ,!y =m a circle1 /]n to /]n1 & await ! assault ( _! enemies4 ,! dogs surr\nd !m1 & keep !m at bay4 ,n unfrequ5tly a dog gets toss$4 ,?\gh ,joe & ! capta9 fir$ & reload$ z fa/ z !y c\ld1 ! poor brutes (f]$ no resi/ance2 b :5 eight _h fall51 ! rema9d] took to flight4 ,! slaught]$ ox5 7 !n flay$1 & ! be/ pieces cut up = conveyance to ! %ip4 ,^! cattle develop _! great size & weight on :at might be suppos$ to =m a v sl5d] diet4 ,_! food is ! mosses & li*5s :i* gr[ on ! rocks2 & to obta9 x1 !y mu/ fir/ scrape away ! sn[ ) _! ho(s4 ,at ! fir/ sign ( dang]1 ! calves %elt] !mselves "u _! p>5ts' body2 & _! hair is s long z to af=d ! "y a v complete & satisfactory scre54 ,! musk-ox is an animal ( consid]able bulk4 ,sev]al ( ^? %ot by ,tyson & ! ,eskimos weigh$ f #ejj to #fjj lbs4 ea*4 ,9 proportion to _! size & weight1 _! legs are v %ort4 ,e>ly 9 ,june1 ,capta9 ,budd+ton resolv$ to despat* a c\ple ( boats1 = ! purpose ( explor+ ! neighb\r+ coa/1 & discov]+1 if possible1 an op5 wat] *annel to ! nor?4 ,"o ( ^! 0 plac$ "u ! comm& ( ,mr4 ,*e/]2 ! o!r1 ( ,capta9 ,tyson4 ,mr4 ,*e/]'s boat 0 nipp$ 9 an ice-floe1 & cru%$ to pieces4 ,! crew escap$ ) difficulty1 b ! hi/orical flag 0 lo/4 ,capta9 ,tyson pu%$ =w>d to ,newman ,bay1 :]e "s eid]-ducks1 gulls1 & dove-kies 7 %ot4 ,jo9$ by ,mr4 ,*e/]--:o _h return$ to ! %ip1 & secur$ ! safety-boat--he f\nd 8 fur!r progress arre/$ by t compact1 insup]able field ( ice :i* is ! despair ( ,arctic navigators4 ,all attempts to get fur!r to ! nor? prov$ 9 va92 & ord]s to return hav+ arriv$ f ,capta9 ,budd+ton1 !re 0 no?+ to be done b to rejo9 ! ,pol>is4 ,! summ] pass$ away1 & /ill ! ,pol>is lay beset among ! ice2 or1 r1 drift$ sl[ly to ! s\?w>d1 along ) ! floe to :i* x 0 atta*$4 ,no sl$ge-exp$itions 7 organiz$2 & ,capta9 ,budd+ton's sole conc]n 0 to wat* = an opportunity ( gett+ out into ! op5 *annel1 & return+ to ,new ,york4 ,"s slight progress s\?w>d 0 occasionally made2 b t[>ds ! end ( ,octob] x became evid5t t ! explor]s w\ld h to sp5d a second w9t] 9 _! froz5 captivity4 ,!y _h be5 c>ri$ beyond ,r5ssela] ,h>b\r1 :]e ,dr4 ,kane w9t]$ dur+ #ahec-ee1 & began ! con/ruction ( a /ore-h\se = provisions1 9 case ! %ip %\ld be endang]$ by ! drift+ ice4 ,?is dread$ cata/rophe did inde$ occur1 on ! night ( ! #ae?4 ,! pressure ( ! floe 0 trem5d\s1 b ! ,pol>is bore x bravely1 ?\gh groan+ & creak+ 9 e timb]4 ,aft] a:ile1 h[ev]1 x 0 f\nd t %e _h />t$ a leak aft1 & t ! wat] 0 ga9+ on ! pumps4 ,! discov]y seems to h />tl$ ,budd+ton out ( all coolness or reflection4 ,he ?rew up 8 arms1 & cri$ out to 8?r[ ev]y?+ on ! ice40 ,imm$iately all 0 *aos4 ,! m5 seiz$ :atev] lay ne> to _! h&s1 & ?rew x ov]bo>d4 ,a quantity ( /ores _h be5 previ\sly plac$ on ! deck1 9 anticipation ( su* an ev5t2 b ^! 7 n[ hurl$ on ! floe 9 indiscrim9ate confusion1 & ) consid]able loss4 ,capta9 ,tyson & "s ( ! m5 got ov]bo>d1 ) ! view ( arrang+ ?+s 91 at lea/1 a semblance ( ord]2 b :ile he 0 ?us engag$1 ! ice comm5c$ crack+4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds x explod$ "u 8 feet1 & broke 9 _m places2 ! %ip drove away 9 ! d>kness1 & ,tyson & 8 companions imm$iately lo/ sight ( h]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x 0 a t]rible night4 ,! w9d blew a hurricane1 & ! sn[ fell heavily 9 drift+1 :irl+ masses4 8,we did n "k10 says ,tyson1 8:o 0 on ! ice1 or :o 0 on ! %ip20 b see+ "s musk-ox sk9s ly+ across a wide crack 9 ! ice1 he pull$ !m t[>ds him to save !m--& behold1 roll$ up 9 "o ( !m 7 two or ?ree ( ! *ildr5 ( ,hans ! ,eskimo6 ,"s ( ! m5 7 afloat on small pieces ( ice1 b by means ( ! :ale-boat ^! 7 rescu$2 & :5 ! gray light ( morn+ dawn$ on ! sc5e1 ,tyson asc]ta9$ t eighte5 p]sons1 besides himself1 7 ca/aways4 ,^! 7--,mr4 ,mey]s1 meteorologi/2 ,h]on1 /ew>d2 ,jackson1 cook2 six seam52 ,joe & ,hans1 ! ,eskimos1 & _! wives & *ildr54 ,! piece ( ! floe on :i* !y 7 ca/ 0 ne>ly circul>1 & ab\t f\r miles 9 circumf]5ce4 ,x 0 n level1 b full ( hillocks1 & ( ponds or small lakes1 :i* _h be5 =m$ by ! melt+ ( ! ice dur+ ! %ort summ]4 ,! ice v>i$ greatly 9 ?ickness4 ,"s ( ! m\nds1 or hills1 7 probably ?irty feet ?ick2 ! flat p>ts n m ?an t5 or fifte54 ,! surface 0 exce$+ly rugg$1 & ! hummocks 7 :ite ) sn[4 ,tyson's fir/ task 0 to inspect ! /ock ( provisions t _h be5 collect$ on ! floe4 ,x consi/$ ( f\rte5 cans ( pemmican1 elev5 & a half bags ( bread1 "o c ( dri$ apples1 & f\rte5 hams2 & if ! %ip did n return = !m1 !y might h to support !mselves ^u ?is supply all ?r\gh ! dre>y w9t]1 or die ( />vation4 ,=tunately1 !y _h a c\ple ( boats2 & ,tyson's second c>e 0 to load ^!1 emb>k 8 little company1 & endeav\r to rea* ! %ore4 ,9 ?is attempt !y 7 balk$ by ! drift+ ice2 & be=e !y c\ld repeat x !y caught sight ( ! ,pol>is4 ,imm$iately !y ran up a r\gh & ready signal2 b no "o seem$ to be keep+ a look-out1 & ! ca/aways _h ! mortification ( see+ h] drop away beh9d ,littleton ,isl&1 )\t und]tak+ any se>* = h] miss+ crew4 ,tyson !re=e resolv$ to cross to ! o!r side ( ! floe1 & make = ! l&1 p]haps l[] d[n ?an ! ,pol>is 01 s z to int]cept h]4 ,ev]y?+ 0 ?r[n away1 except two or ?ree days' provisions1 & ! boats 7 got ready4 ,b ! m5 7 sl[ & reluctant2 o>s 7 want+2 a viol5t gale arose2 & z night 0 com+ on1 ,tyson f\nd himself compell$ to ab&on 8 int5tion4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ! ice aga9 broke2 & n[ ! adv5tur]s 7 drift+ ) "o boat on "o piece ( ice1 :ile ! o!r boat1 a "p ( _! provisions1 & an extemporiz$ hut ( poles1 rema9$ on ! ma9 "p ( ! orig9al floe4 ,! ice-raft :i* c>ri$ ,tyson & 8 companions measur$ ab\t #aej y>ds ea* way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca/aways ,,on ,,! ,,ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adrift ,,on ,,! ,,ice-,,floe4 ,on ! #ba/1 h[ev]1 ! boat & provisions 7 recov]$4 ,joe1 ) ! ke5 eye ( an ,eskimo1 caught sight ( ! b[ ( ! boat1 project+ f a fragm5t ( ! brok5 ice4 ,foll[$ by 8 fai?ful ally1 ,tyson w5t 9 se>* ( x1 leap+ l a *amois-hunt] f crag to crag4 ,six ( ! dogs _h accompani$ him4 ,^! 7 h>ness$ to ! boat1 & ) ! help ( /urdy arms dragg$ x ov] ! disrupt$ floe4 ,! :ole p>ty !n remov$ to ! l>ge floe1 :]e "s sn[-h\ses 7 spe$ily erect$4 ,!y =m$ q an encampm5t3 "o hut1 or r a sort ( half-hut1 = ,mr4 ,mey]s & ,capta9 ,tyson2 ,joe's hut = himself1 8 wife1 & _! adopt$ daught]2 a hut = ! m52 a /ore-h\se = provisions1 & a cook-h\se1--all unit$ by ar*$ gall]ies1 built ( consolidat$ sn[1 ) "o ma9 entrance1 & small] ones bran*+ (f to ! sev]al ap>tm5ts or huts4 ,hans built 8 iglo sep>ately1 b close by4 ,all 7 con/ruct$ aft] ! ,eskimo fa%ion--t is1 ! gr\nd be+ levell$ (f1 "o half ( ! floor t[>d ! end fur!/ f ! entrance 0 slightly rais$ above ! o!r or front half4 ,! rais$ "p1 z we h previ\sly expla9$1 s]ves z p>l\r & b$room2 ! l[] area1 z work%op & kit*54 ,! walls & ar*$ ro( 7 built up ( squ>e blocks ( h>d sn[1 pack$ h>d & close by ! =ce ( ! w9d4 ,a squ>e ( ab\t eighte5 in*es ( ?is compress$ sn[ or ice s]v$ = w9d[4 ,?is good "w done1 ,tyson took /ock4 ,successive exp$itions _h ga!r$ toge!r ne>ly all t 0 on ! ice :5 ! ,pol>is drift$ f !m1 & he f\nd t _! /ores includ$ two boats--"o ( :i*1 h[ev]1 0 be+ brok5 up = fuel--& "o kayack1 a good supply ( p[d] & %ot1 elev5 & a half bags ( bread1 f\rte5 cans ( pemmican1 f\rte5 hams1 t5 doz5 cans ( meats & s\ps1 "o c ( dri$ apples1 & ab\t tw5ty p\nds ( *ocolate & sug> mix$4 ,! pemmican cases 7 l>ge1 ea* weigh+ =ty-five p\nds2 ! meats & s\ps 7 only "o & two p\nd cans2 ! hams 7 small2 ! dri$-apple c c\nt$ = tw5ty-two p\nds4 ,evid5tly1 :5 divid$ among n9ete5 p1 ?is supply c\ld n la/ _m weeks2 & unless !y rea*$ ! l&1 or c\ld cat* seals1 />vation seem$ _! probable ultimate fate4 ,! all[ance 0 r$uc$ to elev5 ounces = ea* adult1 & half t am\nt = ! *ildr51--rations pa9fully inadequate to ! prop] support ( ! human frame 9 a ,pol> region & dur+ an ,arctic w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,recov]y ,,( ,,! ,,boat ,,by ,,capta9 ,,tyson4 ,on ! #bcrd ( ,octob] !y lo/ sight ( ! sun4 ,at ?is "t !y 7 ab\t eight or t5 miles (f-%ore1 & =ty to fifty miles we/ ( ,nor?umb]l& ,isl&1 9 lat4 #gg #cj' ne>ly4 ,! ,eskimos 7 on ! wat* = seals day aft] day1 b )\t success4 ,9 tru?1 x is n easy to f9d ! seal 9 w9t]1 z !y live pr9cipally "u ! ice1 & c be se5 only :5 x cracks4 ,a w>m-blood$ animal1 x _c always rema9 b5ea? ! froz5 surface )\t brea?+1 & = ?is purpose !y make air-holes ?r\gh ! ice & sn[4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are s small at ! surface1 n exce$+ two & a half in*es across1 t !y are n easily di/+ui%$1 especially 9 ! twilight-gloom ( an ,arctic w9t] day4 ,! floe1 or ice-raft1 on :i* ! crew ( ! ,pol>is _h f\nd %elt]1 cont9u$ to drift sl[ly to ! s\?w>d1 impell$ by w9d & curr5t4 ,! wea!r 0 s sev]e t x 0 worse ?an useless to attempt to rea* ! %ore4 ,! ca/aways !re=e huddl$ !mselves toge!r 9 _! igloes1 or huts ( sn[1 or took su* div]sion z hunt+ = fox or seal af=d$4 ,or :5 a gleam ( fair wea!r af=d$ an opportunity1 ,tyson took a %ort drive 9 8 sl$ge1 & explor$ z mu* z he d>$ ( ! ice ly+ t[>ds ! %ore4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,novemb] an attempt 0 made to rea* ! l&1 ! dogs be+ h>ness$ to ! sl$ge1 & ! boat load$ ) ! mo/ ess5tial articles2 b ! /ate ( ! ice r5d]$ all ef=ts ( ?is k9d fruitless4 ,illu/ration3 ,,igloes ,,con/ruct$ ,,by ,,! ,,ca/aways4 ,"o day1 ,joe & ,hans1 ! ,eskimos1 w5t out 9 que/ ( game4 ,9 w&]+ ?r\gh ! hummocks !y lo/ "o ano!r1 & ,joe1 aft] try+ 8 luck alone1 made 8 way back t[>ds ! hut be=e night came on2 he fully anticipat$ to f9d t ,hans _h prec$$ him1 & 0 mu* al>m$ :5 he he>d t he _h n return$4 ,accompani$ by ,rob]t1 he />t$ 9 se>* ( him4 ,z !y sp$ along ?r\gh ! rapidly-ga!r+ d>kness1 !y saw :at appe>$ to be a ,pol> be> approa*+ !m2 load$ _! pi/ols1 & prep>$ to give him a w>m reception1 :51 =tunately1 ! creature ?r[+ up 8 arms1 & /&+ erect1 !y p]ceiv$ t x 0 _! miss+ comrade4 ,he _h us$ bo? h&s & feet 9 climb+ ! r\gh hummocks1 & 8 fur clo?+ be+ cov]$ ) sn[1 ! deception 0 tol]ably complete4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,novemb]1 ,capta9 ,tyson writes 9 8 di>y3 8,we are liv+ n[ on z little z ! human frame c endure )\t succumb+2 "s tremble ) weakness :5 !y try to walk4 ,mr4 ,mey]s suff]s mu* f ?is cause2 he 0 n well :5 he came on ! ice1 & ! regim5 "h has n improv$ him4 ,he lives ) ! m5 n[2 !y are mo/ly ,g]mans1 & s is he1 & ! aff9ity ( blood draws !m toge!r1 ,i suppose4 ,s9ce he has h\s$ ) ! m51 ,i h liv$ 9 ! hut ) ,joe1 ,hannah1 & ,puney4 ,puney1 poor *ild1 is (t5 hungry2 inde$1 all ! *ildr5 (t5 cry ) hung]4 ,we give !m all t x is safe to use4 ,i c d no m1 h[ev] sorry ,i may feel = !m40 99 99 99 99 99 ,b x is unnecess>y to trace ! mis=tunes & suff]+s ( ,capta9 ,tyson's little company day by day4 ,_! wret*$ condition--adrift on a raft ( ice1 insuffici5tly clo!d1 insuffici5tly f$1 poorly h\s$1 )\t any ( ! com=ts t g5]ally make an ,arctic exp$ition endurable1 buffet$ by sn[-/orm & tempe/1 9 con/ant appreh5sion le/ _! insecure raft %\ld break up--requires no exagg]ation ( col\r+ to produce its full impression on ! read]4 ,9 ,janu>y #ahgc1 x 0 f\nd t ! provisions 7 dim9i%+ ) t]rible rapidity2 & ?is 0 due n s mu* to ! regul> daily consumption z to ! secret pilf]+s ( ! crew1 :o 7 n controll$ by any bonds ( discipl9e1 & yield$ ,capta9 ,tyson an imp]fect & reluctant ob$i5ce4 ,!y 7 all ,g]mans1 except ,h]on1 an ,engli%man1 & ! cook1 a man ( col\r1 & _! conduct 0 a disgrace to _! nationality4 ,!y seem to h ?\ght t _! raft 0 c>ry+ !m swiftly t[>ds ,disco 9 ,gre5l&1 :]e abundant supplies c\ld easily be obta9$2 b1 9 tru?1 !y 7 drift+ 9 ! direction ( ,labrador1 & ! safety ( all dem&$ ! /]ne/ economy ( _! small /ock ( provisions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hans ,,mi/ak5 ,,= ,a ,,be>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,difficult ,,travell+4 ,! cold 0 n[ excessive1--#ce bel[ z]o at noon1 & #cg at midnight4 ,on ! #ac?1 x sank bel[ #dj4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 h[ev]1 a /rong we/]ly gale blew up2 ! cold became m mod]ate--! temp]ature rose to -#ad4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! gale1 ! ice began to crack & gr9d & break up2 ! natives laun*$ a kayack2 a seal 0 hunt$ d[n1 & ! ca/aways fea/$ glori\sly4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 b a transi5t gleam ( good =tune4 ,on ! #ag? ! glass aga9 sank to #ch1 & no m seals 7 visible4 ,! m5 7 n[ r$uc$ to less ?an twelve ounces ( food daily1 :i* 0 n suffici5t to furni% int]nal w>m?1 or to /r5g!n ! sy/em aga9/ ! t]rible effects ( ! ,arctic climate4 ,! #ai? 01 to "s ext5t1 a day ( hope2 =1 aft] an abs5ce ( eighty-?ree days1 ! sun once m rose above ! mi/y horizon4 ,eskimo ,joe took advantage ( ! bur/ ( daylight to und]take a hunt+ exp$ition4 ,ab\t five miles f ! hut he f\nd op5 wat]1 & %ot two seals1 b c\ld l& only "o2 ! "y ice c>ri$ ! o!r away4 ,enc\rag$ by ! *e]ful gl[ ( ! sun1 he /ay$ out lat] ?an usual1 & x 0 v d>k be=e he return$4 ,a light ( burn+ blubb] 0 k9dl$ to guide him to ! hut4 ,x %one out ^u ! gloom ( ! night l a ph>os4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,guid+ ,,light4 ,! #be? ( ,janu>y m>k$ ! "o hundr$ & ?ird day ( ! ca/aways' voyage on ! ice-raft1 & !y sev]ely felt ! monoton\s wret*$ness ( _! exi/5ce4 ,x 0 a beautiful day1 & p]fectly calm2 b ! !rmomet] indicat$ #dj bel[ z]o4 ,at midnight ! heav5s 7 illum9at$ ) all ! glories ( a brilliant aurora4 ,!y seem$ to be ablaze3 f ! s\?-we/ to ! nor?-ea/1 f ! horizon to ! z5i?1 ! magnetic fires %ot "h & !re1 & wav]$ & undulat$1 l flame driv5 by a /rong w9d4 ,at "o "t ! spl5d\r 0 almo/ ov]p[]+1 & ! /ra9+ eye 0 fa9 to seek relief 9 d>kness4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,febru>y a viol5t gale arose1 bl[+ f ! nor?-we/1 & ! ice1 roll+ & rock+ b5ea? its influ5ce1 split up into great cracks & fissures :i* ?reat5$ ! safety ( ! ca/aways4 ,huge blocks fell (f f ! floe2 & ! va/ b]gs :i* _h hi!rto accompani$1 & p>tly %elt]$ x1 mov$ rapidly be=e ! w9d4 ,ev]y?+ ackn[l$g$ ! might ( ! /orm2 b z yet ! adv5tur]s _h n be5 di/urb$1 ?\gh surr\nd$ by m\nta9s ( ice heavy en\gh1 if driv5 aga9/ _! encampm5t1 to h cru%$ !m to atoms4 ,?us f> !y _h float$ safely1 b ! position 0 "o to cause reflection3 at "s "t or o!r ! ice mu/ break up1 !y knew2 b :e!r !y w\ld survive ! cata/rophe 0 beyond conjecture4 ,!y c\ld only wait & hope4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dragg+ ,a ,,seal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h is a picture ( ! int]ior ( "o ( ! igloes1 or sn[-huts3-- 8,joe & ,hannah are sitt+ 9 front ( ! lamp1 play+ *eck]s on an old piece ( canvas1 ! squ>es be+ m>k$ out ) ,tyson's p5cil4 ,!y use buttons = m51 z !y h no?+ bett]4 ,! natives easily le>n any sort ( game2 "s ( !m c ev5 play a respectable game ( *ess2 & c>ds !y und]/& z well z ! #8hea!n ,*9ee4' ,c>ds g :]ev] sailors g1 & ! fir/ lessons t ! natives ( any unciviliz$ c\ntry get are usually f sailors4 8,little ,puney1 ,joe & ,hannah's adopt$ *ild1 a little girl1 is sitt+ wrapp$ 9 a musk-ox sk92 e few m9utes %e says to h] "m1 #8,i am s hungry6' ,! *ildr5 (t5 cry ) hung]4 ,x makes "o's he>t a*e1 b !y are oblig$ to be> x ) ! re/40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! gale cont9u$ on ! #bnd1 ) bl9d+ %[]s ( sn[--f9e1 p5etrat+1 pung5t4 ,next day ! wea!r mod]at$1 & ! glass rose to #ae bel[ z]o4 ,d>k cl\ds l[]$ 9 ! horizon1 prev5t+ ! l& f be+ se51 if any %ore 7 ne>4 ,b ! rapid rise 9 ! temp]ature1 aft] s /rong a nor?-we/ gale1 all[$ ,tyson to hope t ! w9d _h ma/]$ ! curr5t1 & 0 =c+ !m t[>ds ! ,gre5l& %ore4 ,illu/ration3 ,,return ,,( ,,! ,,sun4 ,?\gh all ar\nd no?+ 0 visible b ice & iceb]gs1 ! sc5e _h a c]ta9 beauty ( its own--a /range weird beauty1 l t ( a dream-picture4 ,:5 ! sun %one on ! b]gs1 & light$ up _! massive or fanta/ic =ms1 all ! prismatic col\rs ( ! ra9b[ fla%$ ?r\gh ! 8cry/al p5dants0 or 8project+ peaks40 ,! int]e/ ( ! sc5e 0 enhanc$ by ! v>iety ( its =ms4 ,e b]g appe>$ to h _h its individual hi/ory1 & its brok5 outl9e & furr[$ surface bore witness to ! exp]i5ces x _h und]gone--/orm & ra91 w9d & wat]4 ,"s rose up ar\nd ! ca/aways l solid ramp>ts2 o!rs repres5t$ ! spire ( a ,go?ic ca!dral1 ! p9nacle ( a ,turki% m9>et1 ! glitt]+ walls ( a palace3 all 7 beautiful1 yet t]rible 9 _! beauty1 convey+ a pr(\nd feel+ ( might & de/ructive p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oot+ ,,n>:al4 ,on ! #e?1 & aga9 on ! #g?1 a seal 0 caught1 & ! little company enjoy$ a pl5tiful meal4 ,on ! latt] day a c\ple ( n>:als 7 %ot1 b bo? sank be=e !y c\ld be rea*$4 ,^! n>:als are sometimes call$ sea-unicorns1 or monodons1 9 allusion to ! long horn1 six to eight feet 9 measurem5t--or1 r1 ! elongat$ too?--:i* projects f ! upp] jaw2 a =midable weapon1 tap]+ f base to po9t1 ) a spiral twi/ f left to "r4 ,/range /ories 7 told ( ^! sea-unicorns by ! e>ly navigators2 b sci5ce has made %ort "w ( leg5d & fable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,day aft] day1 ! hi/ory ( our navigators 0 ! same2 no /irr+ romance1 b h>% reality3--w9d & sn[1 sn[ & w9d--a w9d :i* almo/ froze ! life-blood ( ^? expos$ to x1 & sn[ :i* fell s fa/ & ?ick z to wrap ! sc5e 9 ! gloom ( desolation4 ,/ill1 ! ice-raft drift$ s\?w>d2 sl[ly b surely drift$ ?r\gh ! d>kness ( ! night & ! twilight obscurity ( ! day2 :ile ! little company x c>ri$ suff]$ mu* f increas+ weakness1 ?\gh bett] provid$ ) food ?an =m]ly1 ow+ to ! frequ5t capture ( n>:al & seal4 ,occasionally ! mi/s cle>$ (f1 & ! sun /ream$ out 9 m]idian spl5d\r1 light+ up e feature ( ! 8ice-scape0--may we co9 ! ^w8--ar\nd !m4 ,b1 too frequ5tly1 8sn[ & bl[1 bl[ & sn[10 01 z ,tyson rem>ks1 8! ord] ( ! day40 ,hope lives et]nal 9 ! human brea/2 & ?\gh x _h sunk v l[ 9 ! he>ts ( our adv5tur]s1 x sudd5ly rek9dl$ on ! #ai? ( ,febru>y1 :5 !y caught sight ( ! we/ coa/1 at no great] di/ance ?an ?irty-eight or =ty miles4 ,its flame 0 kept alive on ! #ba/ by ! discov]y t ! !rmomet] _h ris5 to #c above z]o4 ,next day x _h ris5 to #bj1 or )9 #ab ( freez+-po9t2 & m5 inur$ to ! rig\r ( an ,arctic w9t] spoke ( su* wea!r ) *e]9ess z 8v com=table40 ,! cl\d ^u ! prospect n[ 0 ! want ( food1 = ! game _h begun to fail4 ,! hunt]s w5t =? e morn+1 b return$ empty-h&$4 ,! feebl5ess ( ! p>ty increas$ 9 an al>m+ degree4 ,x took sev]al m5 to c>ry a light ,eskimo kayack1 :i* = an ord9>y man is n ev5 a burd54 ,:at 0 to be done8 ,! only *ance ( life seem$ to lie 9 rea*+ ! %ore2 b h[ 7 ^! gaunt1 frail skeletons to convey _! boat across ! rugg$ ice until !y rea*$ ! op5 wat]8 ,illu/ration3 ,,dragg+ ,,! ,,oogjook 7,,see ,,page #bie74 ,illu/ration3 ,,sunlight ,,effect ,,9 ,,! ,,arctic ,,region 7,,see ,,page #bia74 ,!y decid$1 h[ev]1 on mak+ ! attempt1 9 ! hope ( rea*+ a place call$ ,%aum51 a little to ! nor? ( ,cape ,m]cy1 9 lat4 #fe ,n41 :]e game1 & sometimes ,eskimos1 7 to be f\nd4 ,9 spite ( all _! ef=ts1 !y 7 foil$ by a succession ( bl9d+1 la%+1 beat+ sn[-/orms4 ,! m]cury sank aga9 to #bd bel[ z]o1 & _! position grew desp]ate4 ,!y 7 r$uc$ to "o meal--& su* a meal6--p] diem4 ,great 0 _! joy on ! #bh? :5 ! hunt]s br\ght 9 ?irty-sev5 dove-kies1 or two apiece4 ,!y 7 cook$ )\t delay1 & eat5 up to ! la/ morsel1 except ! fea!rs4 ,great] /ill 0 _! joy on ! #bnd 7( ,m>*71 :5 ,eskimo ,joe %ot a mon/] oogjook 7a l>ge k9d ( seal71 ! l>ge/ !y _h ev] se5--su* a mon/] t x took all h&s to drag its c>cass to ! huts4 ,pet] danc$ & sung 9 ! exub]ance ( 8 delight1 & ev]ybody felt t = a "t !y 7 sav$ f />vation4 ,on measurem5t1 ?is glori\s oogjook prov$ to be sev5 feet n9e in*es 9 l5g?1 or fully n9e feet includ+ ! tail4 ,! ice-raft 0 n[ approa*+ ,cumb]l& ,gulf1 & ,tyson calculat$ t !y _h rea*$ lat4 #fe ,n4 ,!y drift$ m & m rapidly2 & if !y did n die ( fam9e1--if ! ice did n break up too sudd5ly1--!re 0 a probability ( _! rea*+ ! :al+ gr\nd1 & fall+ 9 ) "s fri5dly %ip4 ,! gales1 h[ev]1 7 frequ5t & sev]e2 ! !rmomet] cont9u$ v l[--#cb to #cd bel[ z]o2 & ! suff]+s ( ! :ole company 7 int5se4 ,ev5 ! ,eskimos 7 sorely afflict$2 ?\gh )\t ^! bold & pati5t hunt]s1 ! :ite m5 mu/ c]ta9ly h p]i%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fir/ ,,sight ,,( ,a ,,:ale4 ,on ! #g? ( ,m>* !re 7 indications ( ! break+ up ( ! floe4 ,x crack$ & snapp$ b5ea? !m1 ) a s\nd l t ( di/ant ?und]4 ,s f> z ! surface 0 conc]n$1 h[ev]1 no signs ( fracture 7 visible2 ! eye1 /ra9+ 9 e direction1 saw no?+ b an unbrok5 expanse ( ice4 ,& ?us x cont9u$ until ! #ab?1 :51 dur+ a t]rible /orm1 ! ?reat5$ cata/rophe took place1 ! ice-raft be+ %att]$ sudd5ly into hundr$s ( pieces1 on "o ( :i*1 n m t "o hundr$ y>ds by sev5ty-five1 ! adv5tur]s f\nd !mselves adrift6 ,oh1 :at a night ( dread anxiety !y pass$1 expect+ e mom5t t ?is piece too w\ld give way1 & plunge !m into ru96 ,b x held toge!r2 & :5 ! w9d abat$1 & ! sn[ ceas$ to fall1 & ! wild hurtl+ ( ! brok5 ice 0 hu%$1 !y c\ld look ar\nd !m1 & realize _! position4 ,! condition ( ! ice _h und]gone an absolute *ange2 ! 8floes0 7 driv5 up into a 8pack10 & huge blocks1 ( all %apes & sizes1 7 heap$ up & jamm$ toge!r 9 inextricable confusion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,face ,,to ,,face ,,) ,a ,,pol> ,,be>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,arctic ,,ice-,,scape 7,,see ,,page #bib74 ,not+ t on ! #ba/ ( ,m>* sev5 seals repl5i%$ ! empty l>d] ( our adv5tur]s1 & t on ! #bf? :ales 7 visible = ! fir/ "t1--a welcome sign1 z indicat+ _! approa* to ! fi%+-gr\nds1--we pass on to ! #bi?1 :i* 0 m>k$ by a curi\s incid5t4 ,%ortly aft] d>k1 ,tyson he>d a noise outside 8 hut2 he _h j tak5 (f 8 boots1 prep>+ = re/2 ,joe1 too1 0 on ! po9t ( retir+1 b ?9k+ ! ice 0 break+ up1 he w5t out to view ! 8situation40 ,9 a few seconds he ha/ily return$1 pallid & fright5$1 & exclaim+1 8,!re is a be> close to my kayack60 ,! kayack lay )9 t5 feet ( ! entrance to ! hut4 ,bo? ,joe & ,tyson's rifles 7 outside2 ,joe's )9 ! kayack1 & ,tyson's ly+ close to x2 b ,joe _h 8 pi/ol 9 ! hut4 ,! capta9 put on 8 boots1 & !n bo? crept cauti\sly out4 ,seal-sk9s & lumps ( blubb] 7 ly+ ab\t 9 all directions2 & ,bru91 hav+ dragg$ "s ( ^! ab\t ?irty feet f ! kayack1 0 banquet+ at 8 ease4 ,joe crept into ! sailors' hut to al>m !m4 ,meantime ,tyson crawl$ /eal?ily to 8 rifle1 b 9 tak+ x knock$ d[n a %ot-gun /&+ by4 ,! be> he>d x1 b ,tyson's rifle already cov]$ him2 he gr[l$2 ,tyson pull$ ! trigg]1 b ! gun w\ld n g (f2 a second1 & a ?ird "t--x did n g2 b ,tyson did1 = ! be> n[ ru%$ full ^u him4 ,retir+ to ! hut1 he put ano!r c>tridge 91 & !n aga9 crept out into ! op51 tak+ up a position :]e he c\ld see ! animal1 al?\gh ! night 0 d>k4 ,! be>1 too1 saw 8 assailant1 & fac$ t[>ds him2 b ?is "t ! rifle-ball w5t /raight to its m>k2 ! be> ran ab\t two rods1 & fell dead4 ,! victim 0 a 8sea-be>10 ,ursus m>itimus1 & suppli$ ! company on ! ice-raft ) a welcome *ange ( diet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,bo>d ,,! ,,boat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,break+ ,,up ,,( ,,! ,,ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,joe ,,captures ,a ,,seal4 ,z ! piece ( ice 0 gradually we>+ away1 ! adv5tur]s ( ! ,pol>is resolv$ on an ef=t to rega9 ! ma9 pack1 :i* w\ld necess>ily be saf]4 ,) _! sleep+-ge>1 t5t1 & a supply ( %ot & p[d]1 !y emb>k$ on bo>d ! boat1 & /ood to ! we/w>d2 & on ! #d? ( ,april1 aft] a succession ( r\gh exp]i5ces1 rea*$ ! 8pack40 ,"h !y 7 n mu* bett] (f1 = a viol5t gale bl[+ f ! nor?-ea/1 ! ice began to break (f 9 huge fragm5ts2 & soon ! area at ! comm& ( ! navigators 0 s small1 t !y 7 compell$ to reload ! boat1 & prep>e = a hurri$ dep>ture4 ,! w9d1 h[ev]1 subsid$1 ! pack clos$ up1 & ?+s return$ to _! normal condition4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,night ,,( ,,fe> 7,,see ,,page #bif74 ,on ! #ah? ( ,april ! ca/aways 7 some:at re9vigorat$ by ! capture ( a seal1 :i* ,joe br\ght a%ore 9 8 kayack1 & by ! appe>ance ( l& to ! s\?-we/4 ,b 9 ?is wild ,arctic region ! wea!r 9 spr+ is subject to surpris+ *anges1 & on ! #bj? ano!r gale began to bl[4 ,su* 0 its fury t x drove a heavy swell ( sea across ! ice-raft1 :i* wa%$ away e article t 0 loose4 ,bill[ aft] bill[ foll[$ ) ev]-increas+ viol5ce2 & t5t1 & sk9s1 & ne>ly all ! b$-ge>1 7 swept into ! boil+ wat]s4 ,only a few articles 7 sav$1 :i*1 along ) ! wom5 & *ildr51 _h be5 /[$ 9 ! boat4 ,to save ! boat task$ ! en]gies ( all ! p>ty1 :o _h to hold on to x1 ) might & ma91 to prev5t x f be+ c>ri$ out to sea4 ,all ?r\gh ! dreadful night ! m5 7 on ! wat* aga9/ ?is cr[n+ disa/]2 all ?r\gh ! dre>y night1 f #i ,p4,m4 until #g ,a4,m41 /ra9+ e n]ve1 call+ into play e res\rce ( en]gy4 ,ev] & anon1 "o ( ! trem5d\s bill[s w\ld plunge d[nw>d1 & lift ! boat bodily1 & ! m5 ) x1 & c>ry x & !m =w>d on ! ice1 almo/ to ! opposite edge ( ! float+ raft2 sev]al times ! boat heel$ p>tly ov]1 & 0 haul$ back only by ! m ?an human /r5g? :i* ! crew d]iv$ f a k ( _! position4 ,! boat gone1 all 0 lo/6 ,t]rible 0 ! "w2 _h ! wat]s be5 smoo?1 ! task w\ld n h be5 easy2 b !y 7 fill$ ) loose ice1 :i* roll$ ab\t 9 blocks ( all %apes & sizes1 & ) almo/ e wave ^! came toppl+ & roll+ & driv+ =w>d l an avalan*e1 & fell ab\t ! heads & limbs ( ! m5 z !y clung desp]ately to ! boat4 ,b ,god m]cifully suppli$ !m ) ! /r5g? !y ne$$2 & s1 lab\r+ to ! utt]mo/1 !y wait$ & wat*$ = ! day4 ,= twelve h\rs sc>cely a s\nd 0 utt]$ except ! cry+ ( ! *ildr51 & ,tyson's /]n comm& to 8,hold on10 or 8,be> d[n10 ) ! responsive 8,ay1 ay1 sir0 ( ! m54 ,illu/ration3 ,a 8,,hell ,,( ,,wat]s40 ,day dawn$ at la/1 ) a dull gray light ov] ! re/less sea1 & ,tyson saw ) indescribable ?ankfulness a l>ge raft ( ice float+ )9 rea*4 ,he det]m9$ to make = x1 ?\gh ! m5 hesitat$ to laun* ! boat into su* a 8hell ( wat]s40 ,b x 0 done2 ! wom5 & *ildr5 7 fir/ got on bo>d1 & !n all ! m5 emb>k$ 9 safety4 ,by d9t ( h>d pull+1 !y ga9$ ! ice1 l&$1 refre%$ !mselves ) a morsel ( food1 & !n1 on ?is new ice-raft1 laid d[n to re/4 ,! foll[+ morn+ f\nd !m 8safe & s\nd10 aft] all _! trials1 ) ! exception ( a few bruises & contusions4 ,on ! #bbnd ( ,april ano!r be> 0 kill$2 & j 9 "t1 = ! :ole p>ty 7 )\t a morsel ( food4 ,?is la/$ !m = ?ree or f\r days2 & !n1 on ! #be?1 z />vation once m />$ !m 9 ! face1 !y resolv$ on a desp]ate ef=t to make ! l&4 ,:at else 7 !y to d8 ,! ra9 fell 9 torr5ts2 ! w9d blew a hurricane2 ! ice-raft 0 con/antly wa/+ away2 !y _h no provisions4 ,true1 ! boat 0 frail & leaky1 & ! sea ran high2 b z ! ice w\ld n mu* long] af=d !m ev5 a foot+1 a decision 0 =c$ ^u !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dragg+ ,,! ,,boat ,,on ,,to ,a ,,floe4 ,s 9 _! crippl$1 ov]load$ boat !y set out1 ! w9d bl[+ a gale1 & a trem5d\s sea runn+1 full ( small knife-l blades ( ice4 ,aft] eight h\rs' lab\r at ! o>s1 !y came to a piece ( floe1 & encamp$ ^u x = ! night4 ,at daylight on ! #bh? !y aga9 laun*$ _! boat2 & aft] mu* we>y "w 9 ?read+ _! way ?r\gh a fleet ( iceb]gs1 !y got into comp>atively op5 wat]4 ,at half-pa/ f\r1 a joyful sight6--a /eam] "r ahead1 & be>+ nor? ( !m4 ,! ca/aways hoi/$ _! col\rs1 & pull$ t[>ds h]4 ,%e 0 a seal]1 go+ s\?-we/1 & mak+ h] way ?r\gh ! float+ ice4 ,! he>ts ( ! ca/aways beat ) joy at ! prospect ( spe$y relief2 b1 alas1 !y 7 doom$ to disappo9tm5t6 ,%e did n see ! mis]able little company 9 ! ov]load$ boat2 & x 0 impossible = !m to ov]take h]4 ,night ga!r$ ov] ! sea1 & %e disappe>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cl++ ,,to ,,! ,,boat 7,,see ,,page #cjh74 ,rea*+ a suitable piece ( floe1 !y bo>d$ x1 & aga9 encamp$ = ! night1 "u a sky :i* 0 cle> & calm1 & %one ) ! glory ( />s4 ,! sea1 too1 0 tranquil1 &1 not)/&+ _! disappo9tm5t1 !y felt m hopeful ?an be=e2 x 0 evid5t !y _h rea*$ ! bord]s ( civilization1 & might rely ^u obta9+ help4 ,) seals' blubb] !y k9dl$ beacon-fires on ! ice2 & divid$ _! m5 into two wat*es4 ,! next day !y sight$ ano!r /eam]1 laun*$ _! boat1 & pull$ lu/ily t[>ds h]4 ,9 va93 %e did n see !m1 & aft] a c\ple ( h\rs' h>d "w !y 7 hemm$ 9 by ! ice1 & c\ld make no progress4 ,!y l&$ on a floe1 & hoi/$ _! col\rs2 collect$ & load$ all _! rifles & pi/ols1 & fill$ ! e*oes ) ! r++ report ( ?ree simultane\s volleys4 ,!y he>d ?ree %ots 9 reply1 &--glori\s sight6--saw ! /eam] direct+ h] c\rse t[>ds !m4 ,!y %\t$ ) all _! might2 b 9 ! ke5 air _! voices seem$ to pass away s\ndlessly4 ,pres5tly ! /eam] *ang$ h] c\rse1 tack+ s\?1 !n nor?1 !n we/1 z if %e 7 va9ly endeav\r+ to =ce a passage ?r\gh ! accumulat$ ice4 ,yet !re seem$ no insup]able ob/acle 9 h] pa?4 ,! fugitives fir$ aga91 & aga92 b %e came no ne>]1 & late 9 ! aft]noon /eam$ away to ! s\? we/4 ,at sunset !y descri$ l& 9 ! same direction1 ab\t ?irty-five miles di/ant4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ! #cj? ( ,april1 ,tyson 0 ly+ 9 ! boat1 8 wat* hav+ j end$1 :5 ! look-out rais$ a sudd5 %\t3 8,!re's a /eam]6 !re's a /eam]60 ,z if fre% life _h be5 p\r$ into 8 ve9s1 ,tyson sprang to 8 feet1 ord]$ all ! guns to be fir$1 jo9$ 8 companions 9 a l\d simultane\s cry1 & rais$ _! col\rs to ! head ( ! boat's ma/4 ,hans leap$ into 8 kayack1 & 0 despat*$ to int]cept ! %ip1 if possible1 z !re 0 "s dang] ( los+ sight ( h] 9 ! fog :i* prevail$2 b1 happily1 %e bore d[n t[>ds !m4 ,hans paddl$ on1 & 9 8 brok5 ,engli% %\t$1 8,am]ican /eam]40 ,he 0 n und]/ood by ^? on bo>d1 b !y kept _! c\rse1 & 9 a few m9utes lay alongside ( ! ice-isle :i* %elt]$ ,tyson & 8 company4 ,oh1 :at ?ree l\d1 he>ty1 joyful *e]s ackn[l$g$ _! deliv]ance6 ,^! 7 imm$iately return$ by ! crew ( ! /eam]1 :i* prov$ to be ! seal] ,tigress1 ( ,conception ,bay1 ,newf\ndl&4 ,we quote f ,capta9 ,tyson's simply-word$ n>rative3-- 8,two or ?ree ( _! small seal-boats 7 in/antly l[]$4 ,we1 h[ev]1 n[ t relief 0 c]ta91 ?rew ev]y?+ f our own boat1 & 9 a m9ute's "t %e 0 9 ! wat]2 :ile ! boats ( ! ,tigress came on1 & ! crews got on our bit ( ice1 & peep$ curi\sly into ! dirty pans we _h us$ ov] ! oil-fires4 ,we _h be5 mak+ s\p out ( ! blood & entrails ( ! la/ little seal :i* ,hans _h %ot4 ,!y soon saw en\gh to conv9ce !m t we 7 9 sore ne$4 ,no words 7 requir$ to make t pla94 8,tak+ ! wom5 & *ildr5 9 _! boats1 we tumbl$ into our own1 & 7 soon alongside ( ! ,tigress4 ,we left all we _h beh9d1 & our all 0 simply a few batt]$ smoky t9 pans & ! dbris ( our la/ seal4 ,x _h already become (fal 9 our eyes1 ?\gh we _h (t5 be5 glad en\gh to get su* f>e4 8,on /epp+ on bo>d1 ,i 0 at once surr\nd$ by a curi\s lot ( p--,i mean m5 fill$ ) curiosity to "k our /ory1 & all ask+ que/ions ( me & ! m54 ,i told !m :o ,i 01 & :]e we 7 f4 ,b :5 !y ask$ me1 #8,h[ long h y be5 on ! ice8' & ,i answ]$1 #8,s9ce ! #ae? ( la/ ,octob]1' !y 7 s a/oni%$ t !y fairly look$ blank ) wond]4 8,"o ( ! p>ty1 look+ at me ) op5-ey$ surprise1 exclaim$1-- 8#8,& 0 y on x night & day8' 8,! peculi> expression ( ! tone1 ) ! absurdity ( ! "q1 0 too mu* = my polit5ess4 ,i laugh$ 9 spite ( myself1 & my long unex]cis$ risibles ?rill$ ) an unwont$ s5sation40 ,tyson & 8 p>ty 7 pick$ up 9 lat4 #ec #ce' ,n42 a fact :i* w give ! read] "s idea ( ! wond]ful voyage !y _h accompli%$ on _! v>i\s ice-rafts4 ,!y 7 treat$ ) ?\ghtful k9dness on bo>d ! ,tigress1 :i* on ! #g? ( ,may turn$ h] head t[>ds ,newf\ndl&4 ,on ! foll[+ day %e put into ,conception ,bay1 :]e ! ,am]icans l&$1 & rema9$ until ! #ab?4 ,!y !n />t$ = ,/4 ,john's2 & ! news ( _! rem>kable exp]i5ces hav+ prec$$ !m1 f\nd !mselves on _! arrival ! objects ( a v g5]al & lively curiosity4 ,aft] a %ort /ay1 !y 7 convey$ to ,wa%+ton on bo>d ! ,unit$ ,/ates /eam%ip ,frolic4 ,& "h ends _! /range1 ev5tful hi/ory4 ,we mu/ n[ return to ! ,pol>is4 ,:5 %e drift$ away 9 ! d>kness ( t /ormy night1 %e _h on bo>d f\rte5 p]sons3 ,capta9 ,budd+ton1 ,dr4 ,emil ,bessel1 ,messrs4 ,bryan & ,*e/]1 & t5 (fic]s & seam54 ,:at _h become ( !m & _! vessel8 ,su* 0 ! natural "q :i* arose on ! safe arrival at ,wa%+ton ( ,tyson & 8 companions2 & ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t quickly came to ! det]m9ation ( organiz+ a reliev+ p>ty to seek = & br+ back ! survivors & rema9s1 if any1 ( ! ,pol>is exp$ition4 ,! /eam%ip ,juniata 0 imm$iately despat*$ to =m a dept ( supplies on ! coa/ ( ,gre5l& 9 advance4 ,%e rea*$ ,up]navik on ! #ca/ ( ,july1 & !re br\ght into use h] /eam-laun*1 ! ,little ,juniata2 :i*1 mann$ by a gallant crew1 pu%$ =w>d into ! icy wat]s ( ,melville ,bay1 b )\t com+ ^u any traces ( ! miss+ explor]s4 ,meantime1 ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t pur*as$ ! ,tigress1 & fitt$ h] up = a ?or\gh cruise 9 ! ,arctic seas4 ,) ,capta9 ,gre] 9 comm&1 & ,mr4 ,tyson z act+-lieut5ant1 & a crew ( elev5 (fic]s & =ty-two m51 8all told10 ! ,tigress set sail on ! ev5+ ( ,july #ad?1 & dropp$ an*or at ,/4 ,john's on ! morn+ ( ! #bcrd4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,augu/ we f9d h] at ,up]navik1 :]e %e took on bo>d a supply ( coal f ! ,juniata4 ,%e !n proce$$ nor?w>d1 fall+ 9 ) ! heavy pack-ice ne> ,cape ,york4 ,! #ad? saw h] (f ! ,eskimo settlem5t ( ,netlik4 ,%e 0 n[ approa*+ ,nor?umb]l& ,isl&1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( :i*1 or ( ,littleton ,isl&1 x 0 suppos$ ! ,pol>is _h p>t$ f ! ice-floe4 ,capta9 ,gre] c>efully exam9$ ,nor?umb]l& ,isl&1 b )\t success4 ,he !n made = ,littleton ,isl&2 & a boat 0 l[]$ to g on %ore1 c>ry+ ,lieut5ant ,:ite1 ,capta9 ,tyson1 & o!r (fic]s4 ,:at 0 _! surprise1 z !y approa*$1 to discov] "s human figures & a c\ple ( t5ts on ! ma9l&1 ne> ,littleton ,isl&4 ,! figures prov$ to be ,eskimos2 & ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ,eskimo ,joe1 :o 0 on bo>d ! ,tigress1 x 0 soon asc]ta9$ t ,capta9 ,budd+ton _h des]t$ ! ,pol>is on ! day aft] h] sep>ation f ! floe2 t he & 8 companions _h erect$ a h\se on ! ma9l&1 & w9t]$ !re92 _h fitt$ x up ) sleep+-b]?s = f\rte5 m51 ! full numb]1 & furni%$ x ) /ove1 table1 *airs1 & o!r articles remov$ f ! ab&on$ %ip2 t dur+ ! w9t] ! p>ty _h built & equipp$ a c\ple ( sail+-boats2 & t 8ab\t ! "t :5 ! ducks beg9 to hat*0 !y _h dep>t$ = ! s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sav$6 ,! ,eskimo *ief1 or lead]1 add$ t ,capta9 ,budd+ton _h made him a pres5t ( ! ,pol>is2 b t ! gift prov$ ( no effect1 = 9 a viol5t gale %e broke loose f ! ice1 drift$ out into ! *annel1 & f\nd]$4 ,fur!r se>* br\ght ! crew ( ! ,tigress to ! w9t]-camp ( ! ,pol>is crew4 ,x 0 situat$ 9 lat4 #gh #bc' ,n41 & long4 #gc #df' ,w4 ,"s manuscripts 7 f\nd !re1 ) ! log-book1 ! m$ical /ores1 & rema9s ( in/rum5ts2 & ^!1 ) :atev] else t seem$ ( intr9sic value1 hav+ be5 remov$ on bo>d ! ,tigress1 ! exp$ition bore away to ! s\?w>d1 & on ! #af? ( ,octob] rea*$ ,/4 ,john's1 ,newf\ndl&1 :]e !y receiv$ ! welcome intellig5ce ( ! rescue ( ! ,pol>is p>ty "u ! circum/ances we %all n[ relate4 ,we return to ! ev5tful night ( ! #ae? ( ,octob] #ahgb4 ,dur+ ! trem5d\s gale t !n rag$ along ! ,arctic coa/1 ! b[-haws] ( ! ,pol>is snapp$ l a 8pack-?read10 ! an*ors slipp$1 & ! %ip drift$ away into ! d>kness4 ,! w9d =c$ h] 9 a nor?-ea/]ly direction2 & next morn+ ^? on bo>d f\nd h] 8a little nor? ( ,littleton ,isl&1 9 ,smi? ,s\nd1 hav+ be5 exactly abrea/ ( ,su!rl& ,isl& dur+ a portion ( ! night40 ,z %e 0 leak+ rapidly ! pumps 7 set to "w2 & ! fires ) mu* difficulty be+ light$1 ! %ip 0 got to obey h] helm4 ,x 0 !n f\nd t ! foll[+ (fic]s & m5 rema9$ on bo>d3--,capta9 ,budd+ton2 ,mr4 ,*e/]1 *ief mate2 ,william ,m]ton1 second mate2 ,emil ,s*uman1 *ief eng9e]2 ,odell1 assi/ant-eng9e]2 ,campbell & ,boo?1 firem52 ,c(f91 c>p5t]2 ,sieman1 ,hobby1 ,hays1 & ,man*1 seam52 ,dr4 ,emil ,bessel1 meteorologi/2 & ,mr4 ,bryan1 a/ronom] & *apla94 ,a look-out 0 kept1 x is said1 = ! n9ete5 :o 7 miss+1 b no signs ( !m be+ discov]$1 ,capta9 ,budd+ton came to ! com=table conclusion t !y _h sav$ !mselves 9 ! boats4 ,d\bt+ ! feasibility ( c>ry+ ! ,pol>is to ! s\?w>d1 he det]m9$ to ab&on h]1 & w9t] on %ore4 ,) ?is view %e 0 run 9 z ne> l& z possible1 & f9ally gr\nd$ 9 ,kane's ,life-boat ,cove1 lat4 #gh #bc' #cj ,n41 & long4 #gc #ba' ,w4 ,"h1 on ! #ag? ( ,octob]1 ,capta9 ,budd+ton prep>$ to e/abli% a w9t]-camp2 & ! next few days 7 occupi$ 9 remov+ f ! /r&$ vessel all ! food & fuel1 & su* articles z c\ld conduce to ! com=t & su/5ance ( ! p>ty ?r\gh ! ensu+ w9t]4 ,) sp>s1 bulk-heads1 & canvas br\ght f ! ,pol>is a commodi\s h\se 0 erect$1 measur+ tw5ty-two feet 9 l5g?1 & f\rte5 feet 9 wid?4 ,x 0 ?or\ghly wat]-tight2 w>m$ inside by a /ove2 & bank$ outside ) masses ( compact sn[4 ,9 ! int]ior ! sides 7 l9$ ) f\rte5 sleep+-b]?s4 ,a table & *airs & lamps add$ to ! g5]al com=t2 s t our explor]s 7 prep>$ to brave a ,pol> w9t] "u m fav\rable conditions ?an ^? exp]i5c$ by mo/ ,arctic navigators4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days a p>ty ( native ,eskimos1 ) five sl$ges1 made _! appe>ance1 & _! fri5dly lab\rs 7 f\nd ( no little value4 ,!y consid]$ !mselves amply repaid by a few pres5ts ( knives1 ne$les1 & ! l1 & aft] a %ort /ay return$ to _! settlem5t at ,etah4 ,h[ev]1 o!rs soon took _! place2 & ev5tually two or ?ree families built _! igloes 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,am]ican camp4 ,! ,eskimo wom5 made !mselves v useful by mak+ & repair+ clo?+1 & r5d]+ o!r fem99e c\rtesies2 :ile ! m51 :5 game became pl5tiful1 suppli$ ! little settlem5t ) a welcome abundance ( fre% meat4 ,nor 0 ?is ! only advantage d]iv$ f ! pres5ce ( ! ,eskimos2 on ! contr>y1 x _h an excell5t effect on ! morale ( ! m51 :o did n feel t utt] isolation1 t s5se ( be+ cut (f f human companion%ip1 & sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! _w1 :i* is "o ( ! sev]e/ trials ( w9t]+ 9 ! ,arctic regions4 ,! heavy pressure ( ! long1 d>k ,pol> night 0 wond]fully light5$ by ! k9dly att5tions & mir?ful society ( ! ,eskimos4 ,x is probable t "s ( ! ,pol>is crew nev] sp5t a happi] w9t]4 ,!re 0 no want ( food1 no suff]+ f cold2 _! qu>t]s 7 w>m1 *e]ful1 & well-light$4 ,"t did n hang heavily on _! h&s2 = :5 ! h\se-"w 0 done1 :5 ! fires 7 repl5i%$1 ! lamps trimm$1 & ! day's provisions cook$1 !y amus$ !mselves ) read+ or writ+1 or play$ at *ess1 draughts1 & c>ds4 ,x is true !y _h no communication ) ! _w )\t1 & no intellig5ce c\ld rea* !m f fri5ds or k9sm52 b1 surgit am>i aliquid--9 ! cup ( human happ9ess a bitt] drop is always f\nd6 ,:5 ! wor/ ( ! w9t] 0 pa/1 !y began1 "u ! direction ( ! c>p5t]1 to con/ruct a c\ple ( boats1 ) ! view ( return+ homew>d z soon z ! ice broke up4 ,ea* 0 tw5ty-five feet long1 squ>e =e & aft1 & five feet beam2 capable1 t is1 ( c>ry+ sev5 m51 ) provisions = ab\t two mon?s1 9 :i* "t !y might reasonably calculate on rea*+ ! civiliz$ settlem5ts4 ,x 0 ! end ( ,may be=e ! condition ( ! ice enabl$ !m to set out4 ,!n !y broke up _! camp1 rew>d$ _! ,eskimo fri5ds1 c>ri$ on bo>d /ores & provisions2 &1 f9ally1 e>ly on ! morn+ ( ! #a/ ( ,june !y bade f>ewell to _! w9t]-home1 & sail$ out into ! wat]s ( ,smi? ,s\nd4 ,_! voyage 0 unm>k$ by any disa/r\s incid5t1 & pres5ts a /range contra/ to ! dang]\s exp]i5ces ( ,tyson & 8 companions4 ,:]ev] !y l&$1 !y obta9$ an abundant supply ( aquatic birds1 seal1 & o!r game4 ,!y 7 all 9 good heal?1 well-f$1 well-clo!d4 ,_! boats 7 s\nd & /rong4 ,! w9t] _h long pass$ away1 & ! glori\s summ] sun p\r$ its full radiance on ! calm surface ( ! ,arctic sea4 ,sail+ pleasantly along1 !y t\*$ at ,hakluyt ,isl&1 & subsequ5tly l&$ on ! we/ %ore ( ,nor?umb]l& ,isl&4 ,! pack-ice deta9$ !m !re until ! #aj?4 ,!y !n ent]$ a wat]-way t[>d ,cape ,p>ry1 b 7 subsequ5tly =c$ back by ! ice to ! place :5ce !y _h />t$4 ,on ! #ab? ! *annel 0 cle>]4 ,!y set sail aga92 cross$ ! s\!rn "p ( ,mur*ison ,s\nd2 d\bl$ ,cape ,p>ry2 & halt$ = re/ & refre%m5t on ,blackwood ,po9t1 ne> ,fitz ,cl>5ce ,rock4 ,!nce !y made1 9 due succession1 = ,wol/5holme ,isl&1 & ,cape ,york1--names :i* recall ! adv5tures ( ! e>li] explor]s4 ,_! c\rse n[ assum$ a m difficult "*1 z !y _h come face to face ) ! ice ( ,melville ,bay1--t great expanse ( ,arctic wat]s :i* is surr\nd$ by glaci]-load$ %ores1 & has always be5 a fav\rite 8:al+-gr\nd40 ,"h !y enc\nt]$ "s difficulty ) ! 8pack20 ! 8leads10 or wat]-ways1 curi\sly int]sect+ "o ano!r1 & /rik+ f> into ! ice1 & s clos+ up t x 0 (t5 necess>y to haul _! boats across a k9d ( promontory1 or tongue1 f "o lead to ano!r4 ,_! tr\bles1 h[ev]1 7 ( brief duration4 ,on ! tw5tie? day aft] leav+ ,life-boat ,cove1 !y sight$ a /eam]1 beset 9 ! ice1 at a di/ance ( ?irty or ?irty-five miles f ,cape ,york4 ,%e c\ld n come to !m1 x 0 true1 b !y c\ld g to h]2 & ?is !y prep>$ to d4 ,!y _h n trav]s$ half ! di/ance1 h[ev]1 be=e !y met a body ( eighte5 m5 f ! %ip2 = !y too _h be5 se51 & recogniz$ z :ite m51 & relief imm$iately despat*$4 ,! fri5dly vessel prov$ to be ! ,rav5scraig ( ,dundee1 ,capta9 ,all51 ly+ 9 lat4 #ge #ch' ,n41 & long4 #fe #ce' ,w4 ,x 0 n[ f\nd1 accord+ to ! n>rative ( ! exp$ition1 t ! relief did n come mu* too soon1 = ! boats _h be5 consid]ably injur$ by contact ) ! r\gh hummocky ice4 ,& ! fatigue ( haul+ !m ov] su* a surface may be inf]r$ f ! fact t x took ! ,pol>is crew1 ) _! eighte5 relief-m5 f ! ,rav5scraig1 six h\rs to rea* ! latt] vessel4 ,! difficulty 0 increas$ by a deep slu%y sn[1 :i* lay ?ick ^u ! ice1 & :i* 0 n only heavy & disagreeable to ! wayf>]1 b exce$+ly dang]\s1 z m ?an "o f\nd by s9k+ into ! pitfalls x trea*]\sly conceal$4 ,b !y rea*$ ! ,rav5scraig at midnight1 & receiv$ a he>ty welcome f ,capta9 ,all51 :o 0 able also to communicate ! grateful intellig5ce t _! comrades1 ! little company s5t adrift on ! ice-raft1 7 all 9 safety4 ,x has be5 well said t ! ,pol>is exp$ition prov$ curi\sly prolific ( />tl+ & excit+ incid5ts4 ,f ! "t :5 ,capta9 ,b>tlett ( ! ,tigress rescu$ ! 8exhau/$ waifs0 ( ! ice-floe1 until ! la/ sc5e 9 ?is romantic drama 0 enact$1 ! public m9d _h be5 kept 9 a condition ( cont9ual expectancy by ! progress ( ev5ts connect$ ) ! /ory ( ^! ,arctic explor]s4 ,! lam5table dea? ( ,capta9 ,hall1--! long voyage on ! ice-floe ?r\gh ! gloom ( ! ,pol> night1--! return ( ! n9ete5 ca/aways aft] s _m hairbread? escapes & wond]ful adv5tures1--! dep>ture ( ! ,tigress1--! discov]y ( ,budd+ton's w9t]-camp1--& n[ ! rescue ( him & 8 crew by ! ,dundee :al]1 =m$ a s]ies ( surpris+ & excit+ ev5ts1 :i*1 if n ( epical int]e/1 w\ld c]ta9ly seem to furni% matt] = a poet's song4 ,ev5 ! e>ly annals ( ,arctic exploration1 ) _! n>ratives ( ! a*ievem5ts & suff]+s ( ,hudson1 ,davis1 ,b>5tz1 pres5t no incid5ts ( a m rem>kable "*4 ,z m5 dwelt ^u !m1 !y came to ackn[l$ge t ! 8age ( romance0 0 n end$ yet4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,septemb] #ahgc1 ! ,arctic :al+-/eam] arriv$ at ,dundee ) elev5 ( ! ,pol>is survivors1 :o _h be5 transf]r$ to h] f ! ,rav5scraig1 z ! latt] 0 n homew>d b\nd4 ,?ree o!rs rea*$ ,am]ica 9 ! ,intrepid2 & ?us ! exp$ition ( ! ,pol>is t]m9at$ )\t any loss ( life1 if we except ! un=tunate dea? ( h] en?usia/ic comm&]1 ,capta9 ,hall4 ,x add$ no?+1 x is true1 to our geographical k ( ! ,arctic ,_w2 & yet x 0 n )\t "s useful results4 ,! ,pol>is1 at all ev5ts1 approa*$ ne>] to ! ,nor? ,pole ?an any "o ( h] pr$ecessors2 & m5 ( sci5ce 7 !nce=? ju/ifi$ 9 ass]t+ t ! hope ( complete success 0 no long] *im]ical4 ,! di/ance to ! pole f ! po9t rea*$ by ! ,pol>is 0 comp>atively s trivial1 z to af=d good reason = believ+ t x w\ld n long baffle human resolution & ent]prise4 ,!n1 aga91 x 0 e/abli%$ z a fact beyond d\bt t ,europeans c\ld securely w9t] 9 a latitude ( #ha #ch'2 t a %ip well built & well equipp$ might pu% nor?w>d z f> z #hb #af'2 & t no insup]able ob/acles to its fur!r advance c\ld !n be detect$4 ,x 0 also %[n t ! temp]ature1 ev5 9 lat4 #hb1 0 n ( a nature to ov]come ! en]gy & en?usiasm ( m5 accu/om$ to life & adv5ture 9 ! ,arctic ,_w4 ,^! data1 s conclusively e/abli%$ by exp]i5ce1 con/itut$ a s\rce ( great enc\ragem5t to future navigators1 & p]mit ! conclusion t ! ,pol>is exp$ition1 ) all its disa/]s & mismanagem5t1 help$ =w>d ! great "w ( discov]+ ! ,nor? ,pole4 8,we n[ "k10 says ,mr4 ,m>kham1 8t ! ,am]ican vessel comm&$ by ,capta9 ,hall pass$ up ! /rait1 9 "o work+ season1 = a direct di/ance ( two hundr$ & fifty miles1 )\t a *eck ( any k9d1 rea*+ lat4 #hb #af' ,n42 & t at h] fur!/ po9t ! sea 0 /ill navigable1 ) a wat]-sky to ! nor?w>d40 ,! ,pol>is1 h[ev]1 0 no?+ bett] ?an a riv]-/eam] ( small p[]1 ill adapt$ = enc\nt]+ ! p]ils ( ,arctic navigation1--) a crew1 all told1 ( ?irty m51 wom51 & *ildr51 includ+ eight ,eskimos4 ,if %e c\ld accompli% su* a voyage )\t difficulty1 & c\ld atta9 s high a latitude1 x 0 reasonable to anticipate t a prop]ly equipp$ ,engli% exp$ition1 "u equally fav\rable circum/ances1 w\ld d1 n only z mu*1 b mu* m1 & c>ry ! ,briti% flag into ! wat]s ( ! circumpol> sea1 if su* exi/$4 ,) ?is view1 ! ,admiralty fitt$ out ! ,al]t & ! ,discov]y1 "u ,capta9s ,n>es & ,/eph5son4 ,e precaution t sci5ce c\ld sugge/ 0 adopt$ to ensure ! complet5ess ( _! equipm5t2 & ! two %ips1 accompani$ z f> z ,disco by ,h4,m4,s4 ,valor\s z a t5d]1 left ,engl& on ! #bi? ,may #ahge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,briti% ,exp$ition1 consi/+ ( ! ,al]t & ! ,discov]y1 did n succe$ 9 all x 0 int5d$ to accompli%2 & yet x c h>dly be spok5 ( z a failure4 ,x did n rea* t conv5tional po9t ( geograph]s1 ! ,nor? ,pole1 b x p5etrat$ )9 f\r hundr$ miles ( x2 & x asc]ta9$ ! exact nature ( ! ob/acles :i* r5d] access impossible1 except "u conditions n at pres5t 9 exi/5ce4 ,we agree ) a ?\ghtful writ] 9 ! ,spectator t ?is 0 a mo/ important s]vice r5d]$ bo? to ,sci5ce & ! ,/ate4 ,we n[ "k t by ! ,smi? ,s\nd r\te a %ip may atta9 to )9 #dej miles ( ! ,pole2 & t1 aft]w>ds1 a j\rney ab\t z long z f ,london to ,ed9burgh mu/ be und]tak51 9 a rigor\s climate1 ) ! !rmomet] #ej bel[ z]o1 ov] ice pack$ up into hillocks & hummocks :i* r5d] sl$ge-travell+ almo/ impracticable1 or practicable only by hew+ out a pa? ) ! pickaxe at ! rate ( a mile & a half a day4 ,& fur!r3 ! "w w\ld h to be begun & complet$ 9 f\r mon?s1 or1 f lack ( light & w>m?1 x c\ld n be done at all4 ,^! are s]i\s difficulties1 & :e!r x is wor? :ile = m5 to enc\nt] !m1 :]e ! ga9 w\ld be problematical1 we ne$ n "h inquire4 ,be=e any attempt c be made1 "s provision mu/ be discov]$ = protect+ ^? :o make x aga9/ ! excessive cold1 & = a sur] & swift] mode ( conveyance ?an ! sl$ge af=ds4 ,! j\rnali/ to :om we h ref]r$ speculates t sci5ce may furni% future exp$itions ) undreamt-( res\rces1--) portable light & heat1 = in/ance1 f ! newly-discov]$ m9es at ,disco2 prev5tives aga9/ scurvy2 electric lights2 supplies ( dynamite = bl[+ up ! ice2 & a traction-eng9e to trav]se ! road ?us con/ruct$2 b1 9 ! meantime1 ^! appliances are n at our comm&4 ,we mu/ be cont5t ) ! measure ( success a*iev$ by ,capta9 ,n>es & 8 gallant foll[]s4 ,& ^! well des]ve ! gratitude ( all :o ?9k ! fame & hon\r ( a nation are preci\s possessions4 ,!y h %[n cle>ly t ! 8race0 has n deg5]at$2 t ,engli%m5 c d & suff] n[ z !y did & suff]$ 9 ! old "t4 ,!y display$ a c\rage & a =titude ( truly h]oic proportions4 ,& ! exp]i5ces ( ,arctic voyag+ are always ( a nature to require ! highe/ c\rage & ! /]ne/ =titude4 ,! long ,arctic night is 9 itself z sev]e a te/ ( true manhood z c well be devis$4 ,! m9] works "u conditions = less labori\s ?an ^? to :i* ! ,arctic explor] submits1 = he enjoys an alt]nation ( light & d>kness2 8 und]gr\nd toil la/s b = a few h\rs at a "t4 ,yet we "k t x tries a man's manly qualities sorely6 ,:at1 !n1 mu/ x be to keep brave & *e]ful & true ?r\gh\t a prolong$ night ( "o hundr$ & =ty-two days--t app>5tly endless d>kness1 almo/ ! d>kness ( a sunless _w8 ,we "k1 too1 t cont9u\s "w1 )\t relaxation1 = mon? aft] mon?1 w break d[n ! n]ves & %att] ! intellect ( ! /ronge/4 ,yet we read t ! m5 ( ! ,al]t toil$ l slaves1 on "o occasion1 = sev5ty-two days1 9 cold s extreme t ! read] c =m no conception ( its sev]ity1 & ) ! dread con/antly hang+ ov] !m ( t t]rible & mo/ depress+ disease1 scurvy4 ,ow+ to _! inability to procure any fre% game1 z mo/ =m] exp$itions _h done1 ea* ( ! ext5d$ sl$ge-p>ties1 :5 at _! f>!/ di/ance f any help1 0 attack$ by x4 ,! return-j\rneys 71 !re=e1 a prolong$ homew>d /ruggle ( m5 :o grew weak] at e /ep1 ! available =ce to draw ! sl$ge cont9ually decreas+1 & ! weight to be dragg$ z /eadily increas+1 z1 "o aft] ano!r1 ! m5 /rick5 d[n _h to be c>ri$ by _! enfeebl$ comrades4 ,x has be5 well said t 9 su* exploits z ^! !re is a su/a9$ h]oism :i* we _c fully appreciate1 because we _c fully realize ! t]rible "* ( ! sacrifices involv$4 ,b x is comp>atively easy = u to und]/&1 & !re=e to admire1 ! c\rage ( ,lieut5ant ,p>r1 :5 he />t$ alone on a j\rney ( ?irty-five miles1 ) no o!r guide = 8 adv5tur\s /eps ?an ! fre% track ( a w&]+ wolf ov] ! ice & sn[1 9 ord] to c>ry help & com=t to 8 fail+ comrades4 ,x is easy to und]/&1 & !re=e to admire1 ! devotion ( ,mr4 ,eg]ton & ,lieut5ant ,rawson1 :51 at ! imm95t risk ( _! own lives1 !y nurs$ ,pet]s51 ! int]pret]1 :ile travell+ f ! ,al]t to ! ,discov]y1 ) ! temp]ature #dj bel[ z]o4 ,pet]s51 :o _h accompani$ !m ) ! dog-sl$ge1 fell ill2 & ) a noble unselfi%ness !y succe$$ 9 reta9+ heat 9 ! poor fell['s body by alt]nately ly+ "o at a "t alongside ( him1 :ile ! o!r by ex]cise 0 recov]+ 8 own vital w>m?4 ,we c also ackn[l$ge & admire ! con/ancy ( ,capta9 ,n>es1 :o1 9 t horrible climate1 liv$ ?irty-six days 9 ! 8cr['s-ne/10 :ile 8 %ip lab\r$ among ! gr9d+1 %iv]+1 cru%+ ice1 until exhau/ion ov]came him4 ,& we c ackn[l$ge & admire ! brav]y & fai?fulness ( ! m5 ( ! sl$ge-p>ties :o1 = days & weeks1 drew ! sl$ges & _! comrades1 ) gloom above & ar\nd !m1 ice & sn[ ev]y:]e b\nd+ ! prospect1 & 9 a temp]ature :i* seem$ to freeze ! blood & b5umb ! he>t4 ,:at a tale1 says a writ] 9 ! ,times1 :at a tale ( unrequit$ suff]+ x is6 ,surely n 8unrequit$20 = ^? :o suff]$1 suff]$ at ! call ( duty1 & h be5 rew>d$ by ! approval ( _! c\ntrym51 & by ! consci\sness ( hav+ done some?+ great1 ( n hav+ liv$ 9 va94 8,h[ lightly d all talk ( glory2 h[ little d !y "k :at x means6 ,! little army _h to cut its way ?r\gh ! ice-b>ri]s1 dragg+ heavily-lad5 sl$ges1 & go+ to & fro1 ! :ole =ce be+ (t5 requir$ = ea* sl$ge1 cont5t to make a mile & a qu>t] a day1 9 pursuit ( an object /ill f\r hundr$ miles (f1 ?r\gh increas+ difficulties1 & ) b>ely five mon?s1 or "o hundr$ & fifty days1 :]e9 to g & return4 ,! lab\r is a dreadful reality2 ! s*eme itself a nightm>e1 ! phantasy ( a disord]$ bra94 ,ev5 ! small] & subsidi>y exp$ition = plant+ a dept la/ autumn co/ ?ree amputations4 ,! cold 0 beyond all =m] exp]i5ce = int5sity & l5g?1 & ! physical effect ( a long w9t] sp5t 9 ! %ips "u su* conditions is p>ticul>iz$ z "o reason :y ! m5 7 less able to endure cold1 lab\r1 & ! want ( prop] food4 ,e "o ( ! exp$itions1 :atev] ! direction1 came back 9 ! sadde/ plight1--"s dragg+ ! re/1 & 9 "o case only rea*+ ! %ip ?r\gh ! h]oism ( an (fic] pu%+ on _m miles alone to ann\nce 8 return+ comrades1 & to procure ! aid by :i* alone !y 7 sav$ f de/ruction4 ,^! are episodes1 b !y are ! matt] :i* r$eems ! /ory & makes its true/ value4 ,!y tell u :at ,engli%m5 w d on occasions beyond our feeble home appreh5sions1 :5 once !y h accept$ a call1 & are 9 duty b\nd40 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! "t we write no elaborate record ( ! exp$ition has be5 publi%$1 & ! mat]ials ( ! foll[+ sket* are collect$ !re=e f v>i\s n>ratives :i* h appe>$ 9 ! daily j\rnals4 ,we %all beg9 by endeav\r+ to place be=e ! read]1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,clem5ts ,r4 ,m>kham1 a rapid summ>y ( :at ! exp$ition accompli%$4 ,& !n we %all describe its m int]e/+ incid5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! object ( ,capta9 ,n>es & 8 foll[]s 0 to discov] & explore z consid]able a portion ( ! unkn[n area 9 ! ,pol> ,regions z 0 possible ) ref]5ce to ! means at _! disposal1 & to ! positions ! vessels succe$$ 9 rea*+ z />t+-po9ts4 ,! !ories ab\t op5 ,pol> bas9s & navigable wat]s :i* once obta9$ h long be5 disc>d$ by practical ,arctic geograph]s4 ,a coa/-l9e1 h[ev]1 is ne$ful z a means ( progress to 8! ?re%old ( "w20 & x is ne$ful1 too1 9 ord] to secure ! desir$ results ( ,arctic discov]y 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( sci5tific inquiry4 ,! exp$ition1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 _h to =ce its way ?r\gh ! ice-encumb]$ *annel :i* connects ,baff9 ,bay ) ! ,pol> ,ocean2 a *annel :i* successively be>s ! names ( ,smi? ,s\nd1 ,kane ,bas91 ,k5n$y ,*annel1 ,hall ,bas91 & ,robeson ,/rait4 ,smi? ,s\nd op5s out ( ,baff9 ,bay betwe5 ,capes ,alex&] & ,isabella4 ,! ,al]t & ! ,discov]y pass$ ^! fam\s headl&s & ent]$ ! ,s\nd on ,july #bi1 #ahge2 & f t date until ,septemb] #a1 :5 ! ,al]t cross$ ! ,?re%old ( ! ,unkn[n ,region1 !y f\ght "o cont9u\s battle ) ! ice4 ,! ,pol>is1 x is true1 _h made a rapid passage on ! occasion ( its memorable voyage2 b ! circum/ances 7 exceptional4 ,g5]ally ! ,s\nd is block$ up by heavy floes1 ) w9d+ wat]s caus$ by ! action ( w9d & tide4 ,) great difficulty our two %ips =c$ ! b>ri]2 b _! success 0 due 9 no small measure to ! skill & vigilance ( ,capta9 ,n>es1 :o all[$ himself no re/ until !y 7 out ( dang]4 ,at l5g?1 aft] _m hairbread? escapes1 & _m labori\s nights & days1 & mu* en]gy & devotion on ! "p ( ! (fic]s1 & equal c\rage & indu/ry on ! "p ( ! m51 ! exp$ition rea*$ ! nor? %ore ( ,lady ,frankl9 ,inlet1 & f\nd a safe1 commodi\s h>b\r 9 lat4 #ha #dd' ,n4 ,"h ! ,discov]y took up h] w9t] qu>t]s1 z _h previ\sly be5 arrang$2 & ! ,al]t1 aft] a brief int]val ( repose1 cont9u$ h] nor?w>d progress4 ,?is %e 0 enabl$ to d ?r\gh ! opportune op5+ up ( a wat]-lane betwe5 ! %ore & ! ice4 ,bravely %e da%$ ahead1 r\nd$ ,cape ,union1 s nam$ by ! m5 ( ! ,pol>is exp$ition1 & ent]$ ! op5 ,pol> ,ocean4 ,!n1 9 lat4 #hb #bj' ,n41 ! :ite ensign 0 hoi/$ on bo>d a ,briti% man-(-w> 9 a latitude fur!r nor? ?an ! %ip ( any nation _h rea*$ be=e4 ,soon aft]w>ds ! solid masses ( ! ,pol> pack-ice began to close ar\nd ! adv5tur\s vessel2 & on ! #crd ( ,septemb] #ahge1 ! ,al]t 0 fa/ fix$ 9 h] w9t] qu>t]s1 on ! ice-b\nd %ore ( ! inhospitable ,pol> ,sea 9 lat4 #hb #bg' ,n4 ,?is1 says ,mr4 ,m>kham1#aa 0 ! fir/ gr& success2 & x assur$ ! ev5tual completion ( ! "w4 ,=1 ow+ to ! admirable seaman%ip ( ,capta9 ,n>es1 & to ! zeal & devotion ( ! (fic]s & crew1 ! ,al]t _h be5 c>ri$ across ! ,?re%old1 & 0 )9 ! ,unkn[n ,region4 ,a po9t ( dep>ture 0 ?us obta9$1 :i* r5d]$ c]ta9 ! a*ievem5t ( complete success2 inasmu* z 9 :atev] direction ! sl$ge-p>ties travell$1 valuable discov]ies c\ld n fail to be ! result4 ,! autumnal excursions1 dur+ :i* depts ( provisions 7 e/abli%$ = use 9 ! "w ( ! com+ spr+1 7 n p]=m$ )\t a v consid]able am\nt ( suff]+4 ,lieut5ant ,may & two seam5 7 s sev]ely fro/-bitt51 t1 to save _! lives1 amputation 0 f\nd necess>y4 ,z w be se5 f ! latitude giv51 ! %ips w9t]$ fur!r nor? ?an any %ips _h ev] previ\sly w9t]$4 ,! cold exce$$ any?+ previ\sly regi/]$1 & d>kness ext5d$ ov] a dre>y p]iod4 ,! w9t]1 h[ev]1 0 n sp5t idly3 obs]vatories 7 erect$1 & a mass ( valuable sci5tific data indu/ri\sly accumulat$4 8,b ! cr[n+ glories ( ?is ev]-memorable campaign 710 z ,mr4 ,m>kham exclaims1 8a*iev$ dur+ ! spr+40 ,?ree ma9 sl$ge-exp$itions 7 organiz$3 "o1 "u ,comm&] ,m>kham & ,lieut5ant ,p>r1 in/ruct$ to keep due nor?1 z f> z possible1 into ! newly-discov]$ ,pol> ,ocean2 ano!r1 "u ,lieut5ant ,aldri*1 to explore ! ,am]ican coa/1 we/w>d2 & ! ?ird1 "u ,lieut5ant ,beaumont ( ! ,discov]y1 to survey ! nor? coa/ ( ,gre5l&1 fac+ ea/w>d4 ,ea* p>ty consi/$ ( two sl$ges2 & ! six1 ) _! gallant crews1 set out on ! #crd ( ,april #ahgf1 det]m9$ to v9dicate & ma9ta9 ! reputation ( ,briti% seam54 ,!y sep>at$ at ,cape ,joseph ,h5ry2 & be=e !y aga9 met1 ?is 0 :at !y a*iev$3-- ,comm&] ,m>kham & ,lieut5ant ,p>r pu%$ nor?w>d z f> z lat4 #hc #bj' #bf ,n42 be+ ! mo/ nor!rly po9t :i* any explor]s h atta9$4 ,!y may !re=e be fairly & ju/ly reg>d$ z 8! ,*ampions0 ( ,arctic ,discov]y1 until "s successors1 m =tunate ?an !y1 %all surpass _! glori\s feat4 ,lieut5ant ,aldri* /ruck we/w>d2 r\nd$ ,cape ,colombia 9 lat4 #hc #g' ,n42 & explor$ #bbj miles ( ! ,am]ican coa/-l9e1 previ\sly n laid d[n on any map4 ,lieut5ant ,beaumont cross$ ,robeson ,/rait1 & survey$ ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,gre5l& = ab\t sev5ty miles4 8,9 ord]10 x is said1 8t ^! ?ree ma9 p>ties might d _! "w successfully1 e s\l 9 ! two %ips 0 actively employ$4 ,! dept & reliev+ p>ties did mo/ ardu\s "w1 & ! (fic]s vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 promot+ ! objects ( ! exp$ition1 :ile ! mo/ p]fect h>mony & unanimity prevail$4 ,capta9 ,feild5 & ,mr4 ,h>t 7 especially active 9 mak+ natural hi/ory collections2 & ,lieut5ants ,giff>d1 ,ar*]1 ,rawson1 ,eg]ton1 & ,conybe>e did admirable "w 9 explor+ & keep+ op5 communications40 ,:5 ! sl$ge-p>ties return$ to ! %ips1 ,capta9 ,n>es f\nd t !y _h suff]$ t]ribly2 b he also f\nd t _! success _h be5 complete4 ,!y _h solv$ a geographical problem2 no op5 sea surr\nd$ ! ,pole1 z s _m sangu9e spirits _h anticipat$4 ,! way nor?w>d 0 ov] a wa/e ( ice--( ice brok5 up into hummocks & pond]\s masses4 ,& ) ! appliances !y possess$ fur!r progress 0 impossible2 ! exp$ition _h rea*$ its ne plus ultra4 ,! "w 0 done1 & ,capta9 ,n>es p]ceiv$ t no?+ m c\ld be ga9$1 :ile valuable lives might be lo/ by rema9+ long] 9 ! ,pol> ,ocean4 ,he decid$ ^u return+ to ,engl&1 ) ! foll[+ ri* results to %[ z ! rew>d ( an h]oic ent]prise3-- ,fir/1 ! exp$ition _h discov]$ a great ,pol> ,ocean1 a k ( :i* _c fail to prove ( exce$+ value to ! hydrograph]4 ,next1 ! %ores ( ?is ocean _h be5 explor$ along fifty degrees ( longitude1 & important collections =m$ ( specim5s ( ! ,arctic fauna1 flora1 & geology4 ,! *annel connect+ ! ,pol> ,ocean ) ,smi? ,s\nd _h also be5 c>efully survey$1 & an accurate del9eation effect$ ( ei!r %ore4 ,geological discov]ies ( high value _h also be5 made2 z1 = example1 t ( ! =m] exi/5ce ( an ev]gre5 =e/ 9 lat4 #hb #dd' ,n41--a fact significant ( va/ climatic *anges4 ,&1 la/ly1 int]e/+ obs]vations 9 meteorology1 magnetism1 tidal & electric ph5om5a1 & spectrum analysis _h be5 c>efully record$4 ,! exp$ition ( #ahge-gf mu/1 !re=e1 9 view ( ^! results1 be class$ among ! mo/ successful :i* ev] adv5tur$ into ,arctic wat]s2 ?\gh x fail$1 l its pr$ecessors1 to ga9 ! ,nor? ,pole4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,al]t & ! ,discov]y left ! %ores ( ,engl& 9 ,may #ahge4 ,aft] a voyage ( five weeks' duration !y arriv$ at ,lievely1 ! port ( ,disco ,isl&1 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,gre5l&4 ,?is small settlem5t numb]s ab\t n9ety-six inhabitants1 ,danes & ,eskimos1--g5]ally speak+1 a mix$ race4 ,! ,dani% ,inspector ( ,nor? ,gre5l& resides "h1 & he receiv$ ! exp$ition ) a salute f ?ree brass cannon plant$ 9 front ( 8 h\se4 ,!re is a well-conduct$ s*ool1 att5d$ by ab\t sixte5 *ildr52 & a small *ur*1 :]e ! s*oolma/] reads ! ,lu!ran s]vice on ,sundays1--! prie/ com+ ov] f ,up]navik occasionally1 to p]=m m>riages1 *ri/5+s1 & o!r religi\s s]vices4 ,! ,al]t hav+ tak5 on bo>d ?irty ,eskimo dogs & a driv]1 ! exp$ition left ,disco at "o o'clock on ,july #af?1 & next morn+ rea*$ ,kilt5bunto1 ab\t ?irty miles fur!r nor?4 ,kilt5bunto is a little isl& 9 ! ,/rait ( ,weigattet1 betwe5 ,disco & ! ma9l&4 ,"h ! ,discov]y took on bo>d ?irty dogs2 & %oot+-p>ties f bo? %ips made a desc5t on a 8loom]y10 or 8bird-baza>10 frequ5t$ by guillemots1 kittiwakes1 & o!r ocean-birds4 ,two or ?ree days lat] ! exp$ition arriv$ at a settlem5t nam$ ,prov51 :]e x 0 jo9$ by ! ,eskimo dog-driv]1 ,hans ,*ri/ian1 ! att5dant ( ,kane1 ,hayes1 & ,hall1 9 _! sev]al exp$itions4 ,at ,prov5 ! adv5tur]s receiv$ & answ]$ _! la/ lett]s f 8home40 ,/rik+ nor?w>d ?r\gh ,baff9 ,bay1 !y rea*$ ,cape ,york on ! #be? ( ,july1 & met ) a company ( ! misnam$ ,arctic ,highl&]s1 :o trav]s$ ! ice-floes 9 _! dog-sl$ges1 & soon frat]niz$ ) ! seam54 ,a n>:al hav+ be5 h>poon$1 a quantity ( ! sk9 & blubb] 0 giv5 to ^! ,eskimos4 ,mr4 ,hodson1 ! *apla9 ( ! ,discov]y1 describes !m z exce$+ly gre$y & b>b>\s1 eat+ :atev] fell 9 _! way1 b liv+ *iefly ^u seals4 ,!y 7 n s f> advanc$ 9 civilization z to be able to con/ruct kayacks1 & app>5tly !y _h nev] be=e se5 ,europeans4 ,!y wore tr\s]s ( be>-sk91 & an upp] g>m5t ( seal-sk94 ,proce$+ nor?w>d by ,dr4 ,kane's ,crimson ,cliffs1 !y soon rea*$ t brave explor]'s celebrat$ w9t] qu>t]s1 ,port ,f\lke1 & took advantage ( a day's delay to visit ! ,bro!r ,john ,glaci]4 ,!y f\nd ,dr4 ,kane's j\rnal1 b no relics2 %ot a re9de]1 & a l>ge numb] ( birds4 ,betwe5 ,melville ,bay & ! entrance to ,smi? ,s\nd no ice 0 met )2 b on ! #cj? ( ,july ! 8pack0 0 sight$1 (f ,cape ,sab9e1 9 lat4 #gh #da ,n4 ,"h1 at ,port ,pay]1 ! %ips 7 fa/ held by ! ice = sev]al days4 ,an attempt to proce$ fur!r nor?w>d 0 made to ! we/ ( ! isl&s 9 ,hayes ,s\nd2 b ! wat]-way n lead+ 9 ! "r direction1 ! %ips return$4 ,on ! #f? ( ,augu/ !y made a fre% />t1 & !nce=w>d ma9ta9$ an un9t]rupt$ /ruggle ) ! ice4 ,! ,al]t l$ ! way1 ) ,capta9 ,n>es 9 h] 8cr['s-ne/10 anxi\sly look+ out = practicable *annels4 ,at ,cape ,fraz] ! huge solid mass aga9 delay$ !m4 ,!n !y succe$$ 9 cross+ ,k5n$y ,*annel to ! ea/ side1 & tak+ %elt] 9 ,pet]mann ,fiord--s nam$ aft] ! great ,g]man geograph]4 ,aft] a few days !y aga9 pu%$ nor?w>d2 & on ! #be? ( ,augu/1 aft] _m n>r[ escapes f be+ cru%$ 9 ! ice1 a well-%elt]$ h>b\r receiv$ !m1 on ! we/ side ( ,hall ,bas91 nor? ( ,lady ,frankl9 ,s\nd1 9 lat4 #ha #dd ,n4 ,?is 0 at once select$ z ! w9t] qu>t]s ( ! ,discov]y4 ,h] si/]-%ip1 cont9u+ h] c\rse1 r\nd$ ! nor?-ea/ po9t ( ,grant ,l&2 b in/ead ( fall+ 9 ) a cont9u\s coa/-l9e1 /ret*+ "o hundr$ miles fur!r t[>ds ! nor?1 z all _h anticipat$1 f\nd h]self on ! bord] ( :at 0 evid5tly a v ext5sive sea1 ) imp5etrable ice on e side4 ,z no h>b\r c\ld be f\nd1 ! %ip 0 secur$ z f> nor? z possible1 inside a k9d ( embankm5t ( gr\nd$ ice close to ! l&4 ,!re %e pass$ ! w9t]2 & dur+ ! elev5 mon?s ( h] det5tion no navigable wat]-way1 ?r\gh :i* %e c\ld move fur!r to ! nor?1 pres5t$ itself4 ,f> f meet+ ) ! 8great ,pol> ,sea0 dream$ ( by ,kane & ,hayes1 our adv5tur]s discov]$ t ! ice-b>ri] be=e !m 0 unusually ?ick & solid4 ,x look$ z if compos$ ( float+ iceb]gs :i* _h gradually be5 jamm$ & weld$ toge!r4 ,h5ce=? x w be kn[n on our maps z ! ,palocry/ic ,sea1 or ,sea ( ,anci5t ,ice2 & a /r&$ mass ( ice disrupt$ f an ice-floe is to be t]m$ a floeb]g4 ,ord9>y ice does n exce$ t5 feet 9 ?ickness2 b 9 ! ,pol> ,sea1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 lay] has be5 sup]impos$ on lay]1 until ! :ole mass measures f eighty feet to "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet2 x floats ) its surface n[h]e less ?an fifte5 feet above ! wat]-l9e4 ,x 0 ?is wond]ful ?ickness :i* prev5t$ ! ,al]t f driv+ a%ore4 ,ow+ to its great dep? ( flotation1 sixty feet to "o hundr$ feet1 ! mass gr\nd$ on com+ into %all[ wat]1 & =m$ a breakwat] )9 :i* ! %ip 0 comp>atively secure4 8,:5 two pieces ( ord9>y ice are driv5 "o aga9/ ! o!r1 & ! edges brok5 up1 ! cru%$ pieces are rais$ by ! pressure into a high1 long1 wall-l h$ge ( ice4 ,:5 two ( ! anci5t floes ( ! ,pol> ,sea meet1 ! int]m$iate light] brok5-up ice :i* may happ5 to be float+ ab\t betwe5 !m alone suff]s2 x is press$ up betwe5 ! two clos+ masses to a great height1 produc+ a *aotic wild]ness ( angul> blocks ( all %apes & sizes1 v>y+ 9 height up to fifty feet above wat]1 & frequ5tly cov]+ an area upw>ds ( a mile 9 diamet]40 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mu/ n[ return to ! ,discov]y4 ,z soon z %e _h tak5 up h] w9t] qu>t]s1 h] crew began to unload h]1 l&+ ! boats1 /ores1 & sp>e sp>s1 & o!rwise prep>+ = ! w9t]4 ,! fir/ day a%ore !y %ot a h]d ( elev5 musk-ox54 ,a few days aft]w>ds ! sea 0 froz5 all r\nd ! %ip1 s t !y c\ld freely move to & fro ab\t ! ice4 ,a week lat] !y saw a l>ge numb] ( musk-ox51 & %ot ab\t =ty--?us lay+ 9 a consid]able supply ( provisions4 ,_! w9t] port1 :i* 0 surr\nd$ by sn[-clad hills1 ab\t two ?\s& feet high1 !y *ri/5$ ,discov]y ,h>b\r4 ,z soon z ! sea 0 completely froz5 ov]1 ! sl$g+-p>ties 7 organiz$ & duly despat*$2 b z ! autumn 0 rapidly pass+1 v little c\ld be done 9 ?is direction4 ,! usual prep>ations on ! "p ( ,arctic explor]s 7 !n made = 8hyb]nat+40 ,h\ses 7 built2 also a magnetic obs]vatory & a !atre ( ice--recall+ ! glitt]+ edifice con/ruct$ by ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ( ,russia on ! ,neva1 & celebrat$ by ,c[p] 9 ! well-kn[n l9es1-- 8,no =e/ fell ,:5 ?\ w\ld/ build1 no qu>ry s5t its /ores ,to enri* ?y walls2 b ?\ did/ hew ! floods1 ,& make ?y m>ble ( ! glassy wave40 ,a smi?y 0 erect$ on ! #aa? ( ,novemb]1 be+ ! fir/ ! ,arctic ice _h ev] borne4 ,its ro( 0 made ( coal-bags1 cem5t$ ) ice4 ,! %ip's /ok] reign$ supreme 9 x z blacksmi?2 & :5 we consid] ! accessories1--! ice1 ! sn[1 ! d>kness1--we mu/ admit t 8 blaz+ =ge mu/ h made a curi\s picture4 ,! *apla9 tells u1 humor\sly1 t ! smi? adorn$ ! int]ior wall ) a good _m holes1 z ea* "t t 8 iron want$ cool+ he simply ?ru/ x into ! ice6 ,z = ! !atre1 :i*1 z we "k1 has always be5 a fav\rite s\rce ( amusem5t ) ,arctic explor]s :5 w9t]-b\nd1 x 0 sixty feet long & tw5ty-sev5 feet broad2 &1 9 hon\r ( ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales1 0 nam$ 8,! ,alex&ra40 ,h] bir?day 0 select$ z ! day ( op5+--,decemb] #a/2 & ! op5+ piece 0 a popul> f>ce--8,my ,turn ,next40 ,z sailors are g5]ally adepts at dramatic p]sonations1 we may conceive t ! piece 8w5t well10 & t ! diff]5t actors receiv$ ! applause !y m]it$4 ,x is record$ t =emo/ among !m 0 ! eng9e]1 ,mr4 ,mill]1 :o appe>s to h be51 emphatically1 ! ,pol> ,/>4 ,sev]al ( ! m5 sung songs2 & recitations1 old & new1 7 occasionally introduc$2 ! result ( ! :ole be+ to div]t ! m9ds & keep up ! spirits ( ! %ip's company dur+ ! long1 long ,arctic night4 ,! ,fif? ( ,novemb] & its "t-hon\r$ associations 7 n =gott54 ,a huge bonfire blaz$ on ! ice2 a 8,guy ,fawkes0 0 manufactur$ & dress$ 9 ! mo/ approv$ fa%ion2 & ! sil5ce ( ! froz5 solitudes 0 brok5 by ! s\nds ( a gr& display ( fireworks & ! *e]+ ( ! spectators4 ,a f9e level prom5ade _h be5 con/ruct$ on ! ice1 ab\t a mile 9 l5g?1 by sweep+ away ! sn[2 & ?is s]v$ z a daily ex]cise gr\nd4 ,a skat+-r9k 0 also con/ruct$4 ,a free hole 9 ! ice1 = ! sake ( bett] v5tilation1 0 c>efully kept up4 ,:5ev] x clos$1 ?r\gh a process ( gradual congelation1 ! ice-saws 7 set 9 motion to op5 x up aga91 or x 0 bla/$ ) gunp[d]4 ,! dogs liv$ on ! ice-floe all ! w9t]4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t ! cold 0 uni=m day aft] day4 ,probably x is n ! l[ temp]ature s mu* z ! v>iable temp]ature t makes an ,arctic w9t] s v try+ to ! ,european4 ,9 a few h\rs ! *ange w\ld be no less ?an #fj4 ,! cold rea*$ its height--or dep?--9 w9t]1 :5 ! !rmomet] m>k$ #gj bel[ z]o2 ! greate/ cold ev] exp]i5c$ by any ,pol> exp$ition4 ,x is difficult = ! human frame to be> up aga9/ ?is excess ( rig\r1 ev5 ) ! help ( good fires1 good food1 & good clo?+4 ,n only ! physical b ! m5tal faculties are debilitat$ & depress$4 ,our ice-b\nd seam51 h[ev]1 manag$ to keep ,*ri/mas m]rily4 ,e>ly on ! day s de> to ,*ri/ian memories 8! waits0 w5t _! usual r\nds1--a s]geant ( m>9es1 ! *ief boatswa9's mates1 & ?ree o!r volunte]s1--s++ ,*ri/mas c>ols1 & mak+ 8a special /ay outside ! capta9's cab940 ,9 ! =5oon pray]s 7 said on ! l[] deck2 aft] :i* ! capta9 & (fic]s visit$ ! m5's mess1 ta/+ ! ,*ri/mas pudd+1 & exam9+ ! ta/eful decorations :i* _h be5 improvis$4 ,!n ! gifts :i*1 9 anticipation ( ! day1 _h be5 s5t out by k9dly ,engli% he>ts1 7 di/ribut$ by ! capta91--to ea* gift ! "n ( ! recipi5t hav+ be5 previ\sly atta*$4 ,?is 0 an affect+ sc5e2 & he>ty1 ?\gh n )\t a t\* ( pa?os 9 !m1 7 ! *e]s giv5 z ! di/ribution took place2 a di/ribution recall+ s _m 8old famili> faces10 & all ! sweet associations & g5tle ?\ghts ( home6 ,*e]s 7 also rais$ = ! capta9 & m5 ( ! f>-away ,al]t4 ,next1 a *oir 0 =m$1 & e*o res\nd$ ) ! /ra9s ( 8,o ! ,roa/ ,beef ( ,old ,engl&60 ( :i*1 no d\bt1 _m ( ! s+]s ent]ta9$ a v affectionate remembrance4 ,! m5 d9$ at twelve & ! (fic]s at five1 & ! day seems 9 e respect to h be5 mo/ successful z a fe/ival4 ,a few p>ticul>s ( ! 8situation0 may "h be giv5 9 ! *apla9's own words3--8,we _h br\ght fi%1 beef1 & mutton f ,engl&10 he says1 8all ( :i* we hung up on "o ( ! ma/s1 & x 0 soon z h>d z a brick1 & p]fectly pres]v$4 ,we _h also br\ght "s %eep f ,engl& ) u1 & !y 7 kill$ f "t to "t4 ,:5 we arriv$ 9 ,discov]y ,bay1 z we call$ x1 six ( !m 7 alive2 b on be+ l&$ !y 7 worri$ by ! dogs1 & _h to be slaught]$4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ! m5 _h to fet* ice f a b]g ab\t half a mile di/ant f ! %ip1 9 ord] to melt x = fre% wat]40 ,at la/ ! long ,arctic night came to an end4 ,x 0 ) emotions ( hope & gratitude & joy t ! explor]s welcom$ ! fir/ rays ( ! return+ sun on ! la/ day ( ,febru>y4 ,= f\r mon?s !y _h liv$ 9 obscurity & gloom1 ) ! exception ( su* relief z ! />s & ! moon _h occasionally af=d$4 ,on ! day ( ! sun's return to ! ,pol> ,_w1 x 0 kn[n t x w\ld rise at ab\t twelve o'clock1 & ev]ybody asc5d$ ! hills = ! purpose ( hail+ ! glori\s spectacle4 ,! mi/s & fogs1 h[ev]1 baffl$ _! expectations2 & ?\gh !y felt its influ5ce1 !y did n see x = "s days aft] x _h m\nt$ above ! horizon4 ,news 0 br\ght f ! ,al]t by two (fic]s & two m5 t[>ds ! end ( ,m>*4 ,!y _h accompli%$ ! j\rney ) ! !rmomet] at #dj bel[ z]o1 & _h occupi$ six days 9 mak+ x4 ,! (fic]s 7 ,lieut5ant ,rawson & ,mr4 ,eg]ton1 :o _h />t$ at fir/ 9 company ) ,pet]s51 ! int]pret]1 b _h be5 compell$ to return ) him1 z already n>rat$1 because he 0 sev]ely fro/-bitt54 ,directly !y return$ to ! ,discov]y1 prep>ations 7 made = s5d+ out ! sl$ge-p>ties4 ,two (fic]s & ?ree m51 ) a dog-sl$ge1 />t$ across ,robeson ,*annel to ,hall's ,re/1 ! w9t] qu>t]s ( ! ,pol>is1 to report on ! /ores left by ! ,am]ican vessel1 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t _h plac$ at ! disposal ( ! ,briti% exp$ition4 ,!y reappe>$ on ! fif? day1 ) ! in=mation t !y _h f\nd biscuit1 pemmican1 pres]v$ meat1 molasses1 & o!r articles4 ,!y _h liv$ 9 a wood5 obs]vatory t !y f\nd erect$ !re4 ,capta9 ,hall's grave 0 9 excell5t pres]vation2 & !y set up a head-bo>d1 ) an inscription on x1 to m>k its situation4 ,lieut5ant ,beaumont & ,mr4 ,copp+]1 ! surgeon1 ea* ) an eight-man sl$ge--or1 r1 ) sev5 m5 besides !mselves--/>t$ = ! ,al]t1 9 que/ ( ! o!r sl$ge :i* _h w9t]$ ) t vessel2 _! design be+ to cross ,robeson ,*annel1 & explore ! ,nor? ,gre5l& coa/4 ,9 ?is j\rney1 ow+ to ! 8hummocky0 "* ( ! ice1 !y sp5t twelve days4 ,two days lat]1 a ?ird p>ty1 consi/+ ( a twelve-man sl$ge & an eight-man sl$ge1 ) two (fic]s1 proce$$ to survey ! %ores ( ,lady ,frankl9 ,s\nd4 ,! capta9 accompani$ !m 9 ! eight-man sl$ge1 & 0 abs5t ab\t a week2 b ! twelve-man sl$ge1 :i* _h gone m]ely to c>ry /ores & provisions = ! o!r1 did n return = a =tnight1 ! sl$ge hav+ be5 damag$1 & "o ( ! m>9es sev]ely fro/-bitt5 9 ! heel4 ,! o!r sl$ge1 aft] an abs5ce ( ab\t f\r weeks1 return$ 9 safety1--hav+ discov]$ t ,lady ,frankl9 ,/rait1 z ! ,am]icans call x1 0 a s\nd or fiord ab\t sixty miles long4 ,!y _h fall5 9 ) "s musk-ox51 :i* 7 too wild to be got at2 & _h se5 ?ree or f\r glaci]s1 & hills ?ree ?\s& feet 9 height4 ,ab\t ,june ! w>m summ] began to ass]t itself1 & 9 ! rays ( ! sun _! iceh\ses melt$ away1 l ! baseless fabric ( a vision4 ,s ! sl$g+-p>ty la/ spok5 ( adv5tur$ across ! ice to ,pol>is ,bay1 tak+ ) !m a life-boat z a precaution 7= ! ice might at any "t h brok5 up71 & a supply ( provisions = ! use ( ! ,nor? ,gre5l& exp$ition4 ,?is "w done1 !y return$ to ! %ip1 leav+ beh9d !m two (fic]s & ?ree m51 :o pu%$ up ,pet]mann ,fiord = ab\t eight miles1 until arre/$ by ! imp5etrable b>ri] ( a huge glaci]4 ,on return+ f _! explorations !y f\nd t ,lieut5ant ,newsome1 ) f\r m51 ( :om "o _h di$ ( scurvy on ! way1 _h accid5tally sep>at$ f ! ,nor? ,gre5l& p>ty1 & rea*$ ,pet]mann ,fiord on ! #crd ( ,june4 ,all 7 s]i\sly ill ( scurvy1 except ,mr4 ,rawson & a m>9e4 ,"u ,dr4 ,copp+]'s skill & c>e1 h[ev]1 !y recov]$4 ,z soon z possible1 ! doctor1 ) ,mr4 ,newsome & ! ,eskimos1 />t$ 9 a dog-sl$ge to ga!r "s in=mation ab\t ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,nor? ,gre5l& p>ty4 ,9 a day or two !y fell 9 ) !m2 & n too soon1 = all 7 ?or\ghly exhau/$4 ,!y _h ab&on$ ev]y?+1 & :5 ! doctor arriv$ 7 )\t food4 ,f\r ( !m1 :o 7 accommodat$ on ! sl$ge1 7 brok5 d[n ) scurvy1 & two o!rs _h be5 attack$ slightly4 ,:at 0 to be done 9 ?is critical position ( affairs8 ,at fir/ x 0 ?\ght advisable to rema9 on ! spot = a :ile1 & see if ! ,eskimos c\ld %oot a seal4 ,b a day's exp]i5ce %[$ t ?is plan w\ld n answ]2 & !y !n resolv$ to c>ry ! two wor/ invalids on ! dog-sl$ge to ,hall's ,re/4 ,?is 0 accompli%$1 & ! poor fell[s seem$ to gr[ bett] :5 n\ri%$ by seal-s\p & prop] food2 b on ! foll[+ morn+ "o ( !m sank & di$4 ,! life ( ! o!r hung = "s "t 9 ! balance4 ,! :ole company 7 n[ invalid$2 & ,hall's ,re/ might fitly h be5 t]m$ ,hall's ,hospital4 ,a few days--we>y1 melan*oly days--hav+ elaps$1 an (fic]1 ) a c\ple ( m51 0 s5t across to ! %ip to report ! s]i\s condition ( affairs4 ,z x 0 ! end ( ,june1 ! ice _h brok5 up 9 _m places1 & ! traject ( ! /rait 0 n accompli%$ )\t difficulty1 & frequ5t imm]sions 9 ! wat]4 ,no soon] did ,capta9 ,/eph5son le>n h[ ! p>ty 7 situat$1 ?an he set out1 ) sev5 m51 to c>ry a supply ( m$ic9es1 provisions1 & v>i\s com=ts4 ,!y _h ) !m a boat & a sl$ge on a f\r-:eel$ c>1 & 9 ?is !y cross$ ! l& to ! m>g9 ( ! sea1 a di/ance ( ab\t six miles4 ,sometimes ! boat 0 call$ into requisition to c>ry !mselves & ! sl$ge f floe to floe4 ,) half ( ! m5 !y return$ 9 a few days1 leav+ ! re/ 9 *>ge ( ,lieut5ant ,beaumont & ,dr4 ,copp+]1 until !y _h made m progress t[>ds recov]y4 ,e>ly 9 ,augu/ an (fic] arriv$ f ! ,al]t1 to report t %e _h mov$ s\?w>d1 & 0 only ab\t t5 miles di/ant2 & t ,capta9 ,n>es1 consid]+ ! ma9 objects ( ! exp$ition secur$1 _h decid$ on return+ to ,engl&4 ,ab\t ! same "t return$ ! ,nor? ,gre5l& p>ty1 _! provisions hav+ fail$ !m4 ,a few days lat]1 &1 hav+ made h] way ?r\gh ! brok5 ice1 ! ,al]t jo9$ ! ,discov]y 9 ,discov]y ,bay4 ,mr4 ,beaumont's p>ty next arriv$2 & bo? vessels prep>$ = ! homew>d voyage4 ,!y left ,discov]y ,bay1 z we %all see1 on ! #bh? ( ,augu/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u n[ return to ! ,al]t1 :i* we left emb$d$ 9 ! ice ( ! ,nor? ,pol> ,ocean4 ,h] crew made %ift to sp5d a tol]ably m]ry w9t]1 avail+ !mselves ( ! usual res\rces ( ,arctic explor]s "u simil> conditions4 ,! day's ord] 0 mu* z foll[s3--,at #f4de ,a4,m4 ! comm&] 0 call$1 & all h&s 7 pip$ up on deck2 & ! hammocks hav+ be5 previ\sly /[$ away & ! decks cleans$1 ev]ybody sat d[n1 ) vigor\s appetite1 to breakfa/4 ,! /e]age & l[] deck 7 aft]w>ds cle>$ up1 & soon aft] #i ,a4,m4 ! m5 7 told (f = _! respective daily duties4 ,at #aj ,a4,m4 ano!r g5]al p>ade ( ! crew 0 summon$1 &1 z a prev5tive aga9/ scurvy1 ! day's dose ( lime juice 0 adm9i/]$4 ,!n ! crew w5t to qu>t]s2 ! usual c>eful inspection took place2 & ! *apla9 read pray]s4 ,at "o o'clock ! deck 0 cle>$1 & 8d9n] smok$ ^u ! bo>d40 ,on days :5 ! d>kness 0 n too int5se ! crew turn$ out to "w ^u ! ice1 or took _! turn at walk+ ex]cise & amusem5ts4 ,!y 7 ?us occupi$ until supp]1 :i* 0 s]v$ at ab\t five o'clock2 & foll[$ by ev5+ s*ool1 ! duties ( :i* prov$ equally agreeable to ! (fic]s :o taught & ! m5 :o le>n$4 ,soon aft] n9e ! (fic]s 9 *>ge inspect$ ! %ip to see t all 0 quiet = ! night4 ,at t5 out w5t ! lights ( ! *ief petty (fic]s1 & at elev5 ^? ( ! w>droom4 ,?is daily r\t9e 0 freely int]rupt$ on fe/ival occasions4 ,guy ,fawkes' ,day 0 celebrat$ z hil>i\sly z by ! m5 ( ! ,discov]y2 & x is a curi\s illu/ration ( ! /r5g? ( old ,engli% traditions1 t ! m]ry-mak+ cu/oms ( ! ,fif? ( ,novemb] %\ld be ?us closely obs]v$ by bo? ! ice-b\nd vessels4 ,due hon\rs 7 also paid to ,fa!r ,*ri/mas2 nor 0 ,new-,ye>'s ,day =gott54 ,dramatic tal5t exi/$ among ! m5 ( ! ,al]t 9 suffici5t =ce to provide a regul> dramatic company4 ,! 8,royal ,arctic ,!atre0 0 erect$ 9 ,funnel ,r[1 & ent]ta9m5ts giv5 weekly4 ,! programmes ( ! 8,?ursday ,pops10 z !y 7 commonly call$1 7 ?r[n (f at a pr9t+-press e/abli%$ 9 ,trap ,lane by ,messrs4 ,giff>d & ,simmons2 & f "o ( ^! we ga!r t ! ,royal ,arctic ,!atre op5$ = ! season 8"u ! di/+ui%$ patronage ( ,capta9 ,n>es1 ! memb]s ( ! ,arctic ,exp$ition1 & all ! nobility & g5try ( ! neighb\rhood10 on ! #ah? ( ,novemb] #ahge4 ,! or*e/ra consi/$ ( "o em95t piani/1 ,signor ,aldri*i 7,lieut5ant ,aldri*72 & ! sc5ic arti/ 0 ,dr4 ,moss4 ,! p]=mances comm5c$ at #g4cj2 & 8sl$ges0 might be ord]$ at n9e o'clock4 ,!y 7 by no means :olly dramatic4 ,! bill ( f>e includ$ sci5tific & hi/orical lectures1 read+s & recitations1 songs & in/rum5tal music1 rang+ f grave to gay1 f lively to sev]e2 & n[ & !n1 to draw a bump] h\se1 "s su* attraction z feats ( leg]dema9 by 8! real ,wiz>d ( ! ,nor?1 on 8 way to ! ,hyp]borean ,regions20 acrobatic feats by 8! ,b\nd+ ,bro!rs ( ! ,frigid ,zone20 or ! vocal p]=mances ( ! 8,pale-o'-,*ri/y ,m9/rels10 :o 8nev] s+ 9 ,london40 ,! plays produc$ 7 an orig9al burlesque op]etta1 8,! ,vulg> ,little ,boy2 or1 ,weep+ ,bill0 7f\nd$ on ,b>ham's popul> 8,misadv5tures at ,m>gate071 writt5 expressly by ! %ip's *apla91 ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,pull51 au?or ( ! well-kn[n political squib1 8,dame ,europa's ,s*ool20 8,aladd92 or1 ,! ,wond]ful ,scamp20 8,boots at ! ,swan20 & 8,! ,area ,belle40 ,! la/ & gr& night 0 ,m>* #bnd1 #ahgf1--:5 ,capta9 ,n>es lectur$ on 8,! ,palocry/ic ,sea1 & ,sl$g+ ,exp]i5ces20 & aft] a v>iety ( songs & read+s1 ! company & audi5ce sang a gr& *oral /ra91 8,! ,palocry/ic ,*orus10 :i* we borr[ f ! pages ( ! ,graphic3-- 8,n v long ago1 ,on ! six-foot floe ,( ! ,palocry/ic ,sea1 ,two %ips did ride ',mid ! cru%+ ( ! tide1 ,! ,al]t & ! ,discov]y4 8,! sun nev] %one ,_! gallant crews ^u ,= a hundr$ & =ty-two days2 ,b no d>kness & no hummocks ,_! m]ry he>ts c\ld flummox1 ,s !y set to "w & act$ plays4 8,!re 0 music & song ,to help ! h\rs along1 ,br\ght =? f ! good %ip's /ore2 ,& ea* man did 8 be/ ,to amuse & *e] ! re/1 ,& #8nobody c't d m4' 8,"h's a heal? to ,m>co ,polo2 ,may he rea* 8 nor!rn goal oh6 ,& advance ! flag ( ,engl& into realms unkn[n2 ,may ! ,*all5g] be !re ,all c\rses bold to d>e1 ,& ,victoria be victori\s 9 ! ,froz5 ,zone4 8,may our ,poppie be 9 sight ,) h] col\rs /ream+ bright2 ,& ! ,bulldog tug on m]rily f /r& to /r&2 ,& ! ,alex&ra brave ,see our bann] pr\dly wave1 ,o'er ! highe/ cliffs & summits ( ! nor!rnmo/ l&4 8,"h's a heal? to ,h]cules1 ,:om ! autumn bla/ did freeze1 ,& all our gallant fell[s by ! fro/ laid l[4 ,j wait a little long]1 ,till !y get a trifle /rong]1 ,& !y'll nev] pull ! worse = hav+ lo/ a toe4 8,"h's a heal? ) ?ree times ?ree ,to ! brave ,discov]y1 ,& our m]ry1 m]ry gue/s s truly welcome "h2 ,& a brimm+ bump] yet ,to our gallant little pet1 ,! lively ,clem5ts ,m>kham ) its bold *>iote]4 8,"h's a heal? to all true blue1 ,to ! (fic]s & crew1 ,:o man ?is exp$ition neat & h&y oh6 ,& may !y ev] prove1 ,bo? 9 ,sl$g+ & 9 ,love1 ,t ! t>s ( old ,britannia are ! d&y oh60 ,9 explanation ( "s passages 9 ! =ego+ spirit$ effusion1 we may /ate t ! six sl$ges belong+ to ! ,al]t 7 nam$ respectively1 ,m>co ,polo1 ,victoria1 ,*all5g]1 ,poppie1 ,bulldog1 & ,alex&ra4 8,h]cules0 appe>s to h be5 ! nickname ( "o ( ! /rong m5 ( ! %ip4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,al]t w9t]$ s f> nor?1 t its (fic]s & m5 fail$ to meet ) "s ( ! usual accessories ( a ,pol> exp$ition4 ,!re 7 no ,pol> be>s2 no ,eskimos2 ev5 auroral displays 7 infrequ5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! d>kness is describ$ z n hav+ be5 p>ticul>ly d5se4 ,! reflection ( ! sn[1 & ! ke5 8light ( />s10 consid]ably mitigat$ ! 8deep obscure20 & once 9 e f\rte5 days ! spl5d\r ( ! moon illum9at$ ! weird outl9es ( ! monoton\s ,arctic sc5]y4 ,"s sl$g+ 0 done 9 ! autumn1 ?\gh spr+ is ! season :5 x c be/ be und]tak54 ,! ,al]t 0 no soon] made all snug 9 h] w9t] qu>t]s1 ?an sl$g+-p>ties c>ri$ provisions & boats along ! %ore bo? nor?w>d & we/w>d1 ready = use by exp$itions 9 ! foll[+ spr+2 ! dept be+ plant$ )9 a mile ( ! f>!/ nor!rn position hi!rto atta9$ by civiliz$ man4 ,aft] a t]rible j\rney ( tw5ty days' duration1 ! travell]s return$ on ! #ad? ( ,octob]1 j two days aft] ! disappe>ance ( ! sun4 ,! sn[ fell heavily1 &1 by protect+ ! sloppy ice f ! int5se fro/1 r5d]$ travell+ difficult4 ,! m5's %oes got ?or\ghly wet2 h5ce sev]al 7 fro/-bitt51 & "o (fic] & two m51 on _! return1 7 compell$ to und]go amputation4 ,b5ea? ! cliffs lay great d5se1 deep sn[-wrea?s1 & 9 _m places a road _h to be excavat$ to ! dep? ( six feet4 ,! m5 sunk to _! wai/s4 ,! sl$ge 0 (t5 completely buri$4 ,x ne$$ all ,lieut5ant ,rawson's resolution & pati5ce to br+ back 8 little company 9 safety4 ,! ma9 sl$g+-p>ty1 "u ,comm&] ,m>kham1 ) ,lieut5ants ,p>r & ,may1 & tw5ty-five m51 left ! ,al]t on ! #be? ( ,septemb]1 = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a dept at ,cape ,joseph ,h5ry4 ,!y advanc$ ?ree miles beyond ,sir ,edw>d ,p>ry's nor!rnmo/ po9t1 &1 f a m\nta9 #bjjj feet high1 sight$ l& t[>ds ! we/-nor?-we/1 z f> z lat4 #hc #g' ,n41 b saw none to ! nor?w>d4 ,) ! return ( ! sun on ! #bi? ( ,febru>y1 ,capta9 ,n>es began 8 prep>ations = ! spr+ sl$g+-exp$itions1 organiz+ two ma9 deta*m5ts3 "o1 b\nd nor?w>d1 "u ,comm&] ,m>kham & ,lieut5ant ,p>r1 ) fifte5 m51 support$ by ,dr4 ,moss & ,mr4 ,:ite1 ) two sev5-man sl$ges2 & ano!r1 b\nd we/w>d1 consi/+ ( two sev5-man sl$ges1 l$ by ,lieut5ants ,aldri* & ,giff>d4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,m>*1 ,lieut5ant ,rawson & ,mr4 ,eg]ton1 z already n>rat$1 />t$ (f to op5 up communication ) ! ,discov]y1 b 7 compell$ to return by ! illness ( ,pet]s51 :om !y nurs$ on ! way ) womanlike t5d]ness & devotion4 ,9 ! foll[+ week1 accompani$ by ,simmons1 ( ! ,al]t1 & ,regan1 ( ! ,discov]y1 !y resum$ _! adv5tur\s track across ! hummocky ice1 ) ! temp]ature #dj bel[ z]o1 endur+ mu*1 b pu%+ =w>d undaunt$ly4 ,:5 _! comrades ( ! ,discov]y condol$ ) !m on acc\nt ( fro/-bitt5 *eeks1 & noses1 & f+]s1 x 0 ) ! frank1 bli! h]oism ( ! true ,briti% seaman t ,lieut5ant ,rawson repli$1--8,well1 at lea/ we feel t ! *e]s f ,s\?sea bea* h be5 fairly e>n$40 ,! sl$g+-exp$itions began 9 e>ne/ 9 ! fir/ week ( ,april1 only a few m5 be+ left on bo>d ea* %ip4 ,capta9 ,/eph5son1 ( ! ,discov]y1 paid a visit to ! ,al]t1 & also cross$ ,hall's ,bas9 twice to ,gre5l&4 ,capta9 ,n>es1 ) ,capta9 ,feild51 0 n less en]getic2 & = a consid]able area r\nd ! two %ips all 0 activity & motion4 ,:5 at ,pol>is ,bay1 ,capta9 ,/eph5son1 9 memory ( ! gallant & un=tunate ,hall1 hoi/$ ! ,am]ican ensign1 & erect$ a brass tablet above ! explor]'s lonely grave4 ,x be>s ! foll[+ inscription3-- 8,sacr$ to ! memory ( ,capta9 ,c4 ,f4 ,hall1 ( ! ,u4,s4 %ip ,pol>is1 :o sacrific$ 8 life 9 ! advancem5t ( sci5ce on ,novemb] #h1 #ahga4 ,?is tablet has be5 erect$ by ! ,briti% ,pol> ,exp$ition ( #ahge1 :o1 foll[+ 9 8 foot/eps1 h pr(it$ by 8 exp]i5ce40 ,x may be not$ "h1 9 illu/ration ( ! lab\r att5dant on ! equipm5t ( an ,arctic sl$ge-p>ty1 & ! despat* ( provisions = _! su/5ance1 t1 9 ord] to support ! exp$itions on ! nor? coa/ ( ,gre5l& & 9 ,pet]mann ,fiord1 8,robeson ,*annel 0 cross$ elev5 times f ! position ( ! ,al]t to a dept e/abli%$ nor? ( ,cape ,brevoort1 & ,hall's ,bas9 elev5 times betwe5 ,discov]y ,bay & ,pol>is ,bay2 mak+ a total ( tw5ty-two sl$ge-p>ties cross+ ! /raits1 includ+ ! transport+ ( two boats4 ,! ma9 dept at ,cape ,joseph ,h5ry1 = ! support ( ! nor!rn & we/]n divisions1 ?irty-sev5 miles f ! ,al]t1 0 visit$ by sixte5 diff]5t sl$ges40 ,our travell]s did n fail to exam9e ! v>i\s cairns erect$ by ! seam5 ( ! ,pol>is4 ,at "o place a box *ronomet] 0 f\nd to be 9 excell5t ord]1 ?\gh x _h und]gone ! te/ ( f\r ,arctic w9t]s4 ,& "s :eat1 :i* ! ,pol>is _h br\ght out 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! effect ^u x ( exposure to extreme cold1 0 successfully cultivat$ "u a glass %ade by ,dr4 ,n9nis--almo/ z int]e/+ an exp]im5t 9 its way z ! s[+ & successful h>ve/+ ( ,mummy :eat1 ! gra9s f\nd 9 anci5t ,egyptian sepul*res4 ,! ,briti% exp$ition _h advanc$ s f> nor? t x 0 beyond ! life-limit ( be>s1 birds1 & ev5 seals2 & ! sl$g+-p>ties1 unable !re=e to obta9 any fre% game1 7 sev]ely attack$ by scurvy4 ,?is fell disease inv>iably broke out :5 its victims 7 f>!/ f any assi/ance4 ,! j\rneys back to ! %ips 7 consequ5tly und]tak51 z we h already po9t$ out1 by m5 ^: /r5g? decreas$ daily2 & ! burd5 became all ! great] z man aft] man 0 smitt5 d[n1 &1 to save 8 life1 plac$ ^u ! sl$ge4 ,great 0 ! al>m on bo>d ! ,al]t1 :51 t[>ds ! close ( ! #h? ( ,june1 ,lieut5ant ,p>r sudd5ly pres5t$ himself4 ,he 0 alone4 ,:]e 7 8 comrades8 ,:at calamity _h befall5 !m8 ,he soon expla9$ t he _h und]tak5 a j\rney ( ?irty-five miles1 toil+ = tw5ty-two h\rs ?r\gh mi/ & drift & sn[1 & guid$ only by ! fre% track ( a /ray wolf1 to convey ! news ( ! pro/rat$ condition ( ! memb]s ( ! nor!rn exp$ition4 ,prep>ations 7 imm$iately made = ha/5+ to _! assi/ance4 ,) ! help ( ! (fic]s1 :o all volunte]$ to drag ! sl$ges1 ,capta9 ,n>es 0 able by midnight to />t ) two /rong relief-p>ties--,messrs4 ,eg]ton1 ,conybe>e1 ,wootton1 & ,:ite1 ! (fic]s :o c\ld be/ be sp>$ f ! %ip1 tak+ _! places at ! drag-ropes2 & ,lieut5ant ,may & ,dr4 ,moss pu%+ =w>d ) a supply ( m$ic9es 9 ! dog-sl$ge4 ,su* 0 ! alacrity & en]gy ( ! two latt]1 t !y contriv$ to rea* ,comm&] ,m>kham's encampm5t )9 fifty h\rs ( ! dep>ture ( ,lieut5ant ,p>r2 ?\gh1 un=tunately1 n 9 "t to save ! life ( "o ( ! m>9es1 :o b a few h\rs be=e _h expir$ & be5 buri$ 9 ! floe4 ,on ! rema9d] ( ! /rick5 company1 _! arrival1 h[ev]1 _h a mo/ b5eficial influ5ce2 & :51 e>ly ! next day1 ,capta9 ,n>es came up to _! relief1 _! c\rage & resolution1 :i* _h nev] des]t$ !m1 7 quick5$ to ! utmo/1 & ev5 ! invalids ?rew (f t dread depression an attack ( scurvy inv>iably produces4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #ad? all 7 once m safe on bo>d ! %ip1 & (f]+ up _! he>tfelt ?anksgiv+ to ,god4 ,capta9 ,n>es furni%es "s p>ticul>s :i* illu/rate v vividly ! t]rible exp]i5ces ( ! adv5tur\s sl$ge-p>ty1 & also ! ravages :i* scurvy nev] fails to commit4 ,he says t ( ! sev5te5 (fic]s & m5 :o orig9ally left ! ,al]t1 only five--namely1 ?ree (fic]s & two m5--7 able to drag ! sl$ges alongside4 ,?ree o!rs--h]oes z true z any ( ^? :om ,hom] has made fam\s6--manfully kept on _! feet to ! la/1 endur+ ! extreme ( pa9 & fatigue r ?an1 by rid+ on ! sl$ges1 increase ! burd5 _! weak5$ companions _h to drag4 ,!y 7 j able to crawl on bo>d %ip )\t assi/ance4 ,! rema9+ eight _h /ruggl$ gallantly1 b ! disease _h prov$ too mu* = !m1 & !y 7 c>ri$ on ! sl$ges4 ,out ( ! :ole numb]1 only two (fic]s escap$ ! ravages ( scurvy4 ,aft] due re/ & m$ical att5tion1 ! *ief c>p5t]'s mate return$ to 8 duty1 & ?ree o!rs recov]$ s z to be able to wait on _! sick comrades2 b ,jolliffe1 a petty (fic]1 :o _h nobly borne up aga9/ ! disease :ile actively employ$1 :5 8 legs became cramp$ f re/+ on bo>d prov$ to be "o ( ! mo/ l+]+ cases4 ,surely ! nation w nev] begrudge ! co/ ( exp$itions :i* give su* occasion = ! display ( ! mo/ g5]\s unselfi%ness & ! noble/ devotion6 ,^! sl$ge-j\rneys 7 p]=m$ 9 ! face ( trem5d\s difficulties4 ,beyond ! m]e coa/-belt1 !re 0 little smoo? ice2 ! tol]ably level floes or fields1 usually ab\t six feet above ! neighb\r+ ice1 seldom measur$ a mile across4 ,_! surfaces 7 ?ickly cov]$ ) r\nd$ blue-topp$ ice-humps1 av]ag+ tw5ty feet high2 :i* lay sometimes 9 ranges1 & sometimes a hundr$ to two hundr$ y>ds ap>t1 ! int]v5+ spaces be+ fill$ ) w9d-driv5 sn[1 & ! :ole resembl+ a gu/y ocean sudd5ly /iff5$ into re/4#ab ,betwe5 ^! floes1 l an embankm5t ( rude =mation1 ext5d$ a va/ pile ( ! wreck & refuse ( previ\s summ]s' brok5-up pack-ice1 regelat$ dur+ ! w9t] into "o rugg$ & confus$ mass ( angul> blocks ( v>i\s heights up to =ty & fifty feet1 & ( e imag9able v>iety ( configuration1 l ! disrupt$ lava at ! m\? ( a crat]4 ,^! 7 int]sp]s$ ) a cont9u\s s]ies ( 8/eep-sid$ sn[-drifts10 :i* /ret*$ d[nw>ds f ! highe/ summit ( ! ice-*aos until lo/ 9 ! g5]al level at a di/ance ( ab\t "o hundr$ y>ds4 ,x may be conceiv$ t x 0 n easy to f9d a passage = ! sl$ges ?r\gh ^! labyr9?s ( ice & sn[4 ,! sn[-slopes 7 by no means an assi/ance1 = ! w9t]-w9ds com+ *iefly f ! we/1 & ! c\rse ( ! sl$ges be+ due nor?1 !y _h to be enc\nt]$ almo/ at "r angles4 ,consequ5tly1 ! j\rney 0 an incessant /ruggle ) ev]-recurr+ ob/acles2 z fa/ z "o _h be5 conqu]$1 ano!r pres5t$ itself4 ,! pickaxes 7 9 con/ant requisition1 ei!r to cut a way ?r\gh ! pack$-up ice1 or out ( ! p]p5dicul> side ( ! high floes4 ,in/ead ( a /eady advance1 ! :ole p>ty 7 frequ5tly deta9$ half a day by ! necessity ( fac+ ! sl$ge & haul+ x =w>d a few feet at a "t4 ,^! consid]ations w enable ! read] to judge h[ great mu/ h be5 ! 8pluck10 p]si/5ce1 & en]gy :i* c\ld accompli% a j\rney ( sev5ty miles 9 su* exceptional circum/ances4 ,capta9 ,n>es obs]ves--& 8 eulogium w be endors$ by ! read]--t no two (fic]s c\ld h accompli%$ ?is labori\s ent]prise ) great] ability or c\rage ?an ,comm&] ,m>kham & ,lieut5ant ,p>r4 ,& x is b j t ! s]vices ( ,rawl+s & ,lawr5ce1 ! capta9s ( ! two sl$ges1 %\ld be put on record4 ,9 addition to _! g5]al *e]fulness & good-hum\r1--qualities :i* always help to light5 difficult "w1--to _! c>e & skill 7 due ! safe return ( ! sl$ges1 on :i* ! lives ( all dep5d$--safe1 un9jur$1 & 9 z s]viceable a /ate z :5 !y left ! %ip1 not)/&+ ! t]rible "* ( ! road !y _h travell$4 ,to su* m5 z ^!1 & to ! brave1 pati5t1 resolute sl$ge-crews g5]ally1 we owe ! tribute ( our praise4 ,h[ev] sev]e _! privations1 !y nev] compla9$4 ,dur+ ?is memorable j\rney to p5etrate to ! nor? ov] ! rugg$ ,pol> ,oceanic ice1 a j\rney 9 :i* ! 8pluck0 & det]m9ation ( ! ,briti% seaman 7 mo/ conspicu\sly display$1 day aft] day1 aga9/ ob/acles :i* might well h be5 reg>d$ z insurm\ntable1 ! two (fic]s & _! brave foll[]s succe$$ 9 advanc+ ! ,union ,jack to latitude #hc #bj' #bf ,n41--or )9 f\r hundr$ miles ( ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,9 ord] to atta9 ?is advanc$ po/1 ! pres5t b\nd>y-m>k ( geographical rese>* 9 t direction1 ! total di/ance travell$ 0 two hundr$ & sev5ty-six miles on ! outw>d1 & two hundr$ & =ty-five miles on ! homew>d j\rney1 ?\gh ! f>!/ direct di/ance f ! %ip did n exce$ sev5ty-?ree miles4 ,! result ( lab\r s colossal & suff]+s s sev]e w\ld seem to be1 t we mu/ consid] a long j\rney ov] ! ,pol> pack-ice1 ) sl$ge & boat1 to be impracticable at any season ( ! ye>4 ,z ! sl$ges 7 necess>ily advanc$ ea* /age s+ly1 we are able to calculate ! exact rate ( progression :i* may be expect$1 if x %\ld be ?\ght desirable to pu% =w>d ) light sl$ges1 )\t any additional means ( return+ lat] 9 ! season 9 ! ev5t ( a disruption ( ice 9 ! re>4 ,! maximum atta9$ by ,comm&] ,m>kham 0 two & ?ree-qu>t] miles a day2 ! mean rate be+ "o mile & a qu>t]4 ,! outbreak ( scurvy r5d]$ ,capta9 ,n>es v anxi\s z to ! welf>e ( ,lieut5ant ,aldri*'s company on _! return f ! we/w>d2 & ! m s1 :5 x 0 f\nd t ! cairn erect$ ov] 8 dept ( provisions1 ?irty miles to ! nor?-we/1 rema9$ unt\*$ on ! day appo9t$ = 8 arrival !re4 ,lieut5ant ,may1 ) ! dog-sl$ge1 & ?ree robu/ m51 7 !re=e s5t to meet him4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,june ! two p>ties met at ! dept1 & signall$ ! welcome fact to ,capta9 ,n>es4 ,x 0 =tunate t ,lieut5ant ,aldri* return$ :5 he did1 = on ! foll[+ day a rapid ?aw set 91 ) ! w9d f ! s\?w>d1 & ! sn[-valleys 7 r5d]$ impassable = sl$ges = ! re/ ( ! season4 ,8 p>ty1 l ,comm&] ,m>kham's1 7 /rick5 ) scurvy1 f\r ( !m ly+ helpless on ! dog-sl$ge2 & ,lieut5ant ,may's arrival prov$ mo/ opportune4 ,hav+ n[ assembl$ all 8 company on bo>d ! ,al]t1 ,capta9 ,n>es 0 call$ ^u to decide :e!r x 0 possible to c>ry ! "w ( exploration fur!r1 or :e!r ! exp$ition %\ld return to ,engl&4 ,ow+ to ! abs5ce ( any l& ) a nor?w>d tr5d1 & ! innavigable "* ( ! ,pol> pack-ice1 he conclud$ t on nei!r side ( ,smi? ,s\nd c\ld any %ip advance fur!r nor?w>d ?an ! ,al]t _h done2 & also1 t f no secure position 9 ,smi? ,s\nd 0 x possible = sl$ges to advance ne>] to ! ,pole4 ,if ! exp$ition rema9$ 9 ! vic9ity = ano!r season1 ! exploration ( ! %ores ( ,grant ,l& might be pursu$ to ! s\?-we/1 & ( ,gre5l& to ! nor?-ea/1 b n m ?an fifty miles beyond ! po9ts already atta9$4 ,9 ! weak5$ condition ( ! crew1 & = s small an additional ga91 ,capta9 ,n>es decid$ t x w\ld be unwise to risk ano!r w9t]4 ,z soon z ! ice broke up1 8,ho = m]ry ,engl&60 ,a regul> ?aw did n set 9 until ! la/ week ( ,june4 ,wat] fl[$ 9 ! rav9es on ! #a/ ( ,july4 ,aft] t date ! ?aw gradually ext5d$1 & increas$ 9 rapidity2 & on ! #bcrd a /rong s\?-we/ w9d drove ! pack a mile away f ! %ore4 ,on ! #bf? a cairn 0 erect$ on ! %ore1 & a record ( ! "w ( ! exp$ition deposit$ 9 x2 & on ! #ca/1 a passage hav+ be5 cle>$ ?r\gh ! w9t]-b>ri] ( iceb]gs1 ! ,al]t1 ) a /rong s\?-we/ w9d fill+ h] canvas1 pu%$ out into ,robeson ,*annel on h] homew>d voyage4 ,aft] a run ( two miles along-%ore1 ?r\gh a fairly op5 way betwe5 ! pack-ice & :at ,dr4 ,kane calls 8! ice-foot10 %e 0 *eck$ 9 h] c\rse by a heavy floe "o & a half mile 9 diamet]1 :i* almo/ t\*$ ! l&2 & no o!r %elt] be+ available1 %e lay up 9 a small cove or creek1 among a gr\p ( iceb]gs t _h gone a%ore 9 ! %all[s4 ,! ob/ructive floe %[$ signs ( movem5t e>ly on ! morn+ ( ,augu/ #a/2 & soon aft]w>ds w5t away to ! nor?w>d at ! rate ( a mile & a half an h\r1 gr9d+ along ! ice-foot some:at al>m+ly z x advanc$ t[>ds ! %ip4 ,/eam be+ up1 h[ev]1 ! ,al]t ca/ (f h] moor+s1 & succe$$ 9 edg+ betwe5 ! l& & ! floe2 :ile ! latt] swung r\nd 9-%ore ) a viol5t j]k1 close to ! position :i* ! %ip _h previ\sly occupi$4 ,we may note "h ! diff]5ce :i* ,capta9 ,n>es insi/s ^u betwe5 an ord9>y floe1 su* z is commonly met ) 9 ,arctic wat]s1 & ! anci5t ,pol> ,sea ice4 ,! =m] seldom exce$s six feet 9 ?ickness1 & breaks into fragm5ts aga9/ an ob/ruction1 or may be *>g$ by a /eam%ip2 b ! latt]1 be+ "s eighty or "o hundr$ feet ?ick1 lifts all imp$im5ts out ( its c\rse1--or1 s to speak1 ?r[s !m disda9fully away4 8,su* 0 ! case on ?is occasion3 ! ,pol> floe1 :i*10 says ,capta9 ,n>es1 8we only escap$ by a few y>ds1 on nipp+ aga9/ ! heavy brea/work ( isolat$ floeb]gs l9+ ! coa/1 "s ( !m =ty feet high & _m ?\s& tons 9 weight1 :i* _h lately =m$ our protection f ! small] ice-pieces1 tilt$ !m ov] "o aft] ano!r1 & =c$ !m high] up ! l&-slope1 l a giant at play1 )\t receiv+ ! slighte/ h>m itself--n a piece break+ away4 ,x 0 mo/ provid5tial t1 by its twi/+ r\nd1 ! ,al]t 0 enabl$ to escape out ( ! trap 9 :i* %e 0 enclos$40 ,! %ore "h pres5t$ a =midable l9e ( ice-cliff1 f tw5ty to =ty feet 9 height1 /rik+ d[n into cle> blue wat] t5 to tw5ty fa?oms deep4 ,! ,al]t kept onw>d1 s close to ! cliff t ! boats hung at h] qu>t] frequ5tly t\*$ x1 until aga9 br\ght to a /op ne> ,cape ,union by ! accumulation ( ! pack4 ,h] capta91 h[ev]1 0 able "h to secure h] abrea/ ( a l>ge /ream1 ! curr5t ( :i* _h und]m9$ ! ice-cliff = "s fifty y>ds1 & float$ x (f to sea1 leav+ a k9d ( cove or h>b\r :]e ! %ip c\ld be laid alongside ! bea* 9 su* a mann] t1 if ! pack /ruck h]1 x c\ld only =ce h] on %ore4 ,! read] ( ,arctic voyages w rememb] t a some:at simil> position 0 once occupi$ by ,sir ,edw>d ,p>ry's %ip1 "u some:at simil> circum/ances4 ,:5 ! tide _h turn$1 & began to fl[ s\?w>d1 x broke up ! ice all ar\nd ,cape ,union1 & =m$ a n>r[ wat]-way1 :i* (f]$ ,capta9 ,n>es a *ance ( escape4 ,/eam 0 got up imm$iately1 b1 ow+ to unavoidable delay 9 %ipp+ ! rudd]1 ! ice clos$ 9 be=e ! %ip c\ld be c>ri$ r\nd4 ,h] la/ /age 0 worse ?an h] fir/2 = %e 0 n[ cut (f f h] safe little port1 & no bett] %elt] 0 available ?an a slight holl[ or break 9 ! ice-cliff4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 %e 0 br\ght-to1 ) ! ice-blocks swirl+ pa/ h] at a di/ance ( tw5ty y>ds4 ,at l[ wat] ,capta9 ,n>es ca/ (f1 & bor$ "s way into ! pack1 s t ! ,al]t might drift r\nd ! cape ) ! s\!rn tide4 ,at ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f ! l&1 %e drove along ) ! ice2 & :5 ! tide slack5$1 /eam$ out ( ! pack be=e x began to set to ! nor?w>d4 ,!n1 keep+ close 9 to ! ice-foot1 %e kept sl[ly on h] c\rse to ! s\?w>d1 ! wat]-way broad5+ z %e approa*$ ,l9coln ,bay1 :i* 0 cross$ )\t difficulty4 ,:5 )9 five miles ( ,cape ,bee*ey1 ! tide turn$2 b aft] a %ort delay a *annel op5$1 all[+ ! %ip to r\nd ! cape4 ,at ?is po9t ! ice-cliff ends1 & ! l& slopes g5tly to ! %ore--:i* is protect$ by a b>ri] ( floeb]gs1 simil> to1 b small] ?an1 ^? :i* l9e ! %ore ( ! ,pol> ,sea4 ,"h ! %ip 0 made fa/ 9 ?ree fa?oms wat]1 )9 tw5ty y>ds ( ! %ore1 ab\t a mile to ! s\? ( ! cape4 ,we dwell on ^! p>ticul>s 9 ord] t our read]s may =m "s idea ( ! difficulties ( ,arctic voyag+4 ,! words1 8,%e =c$ h] way ?r\gh ! ice10 af=d no conception :atev] ( ! ob/acles t h to be ov]come1 & ! dang]s t h to be avoid$1 by a %ip navigat+ 9 ! mid/ ( pack-ice & ice-floes2 or ( ! skill & vigilance & pati5ce on ! "p ( (fic]s & m51 by :i* only c ! ent]prise be br\ght to a successful issue4 ,we are told t on ,augu/ ! #d? sn[-squalls blew f ! s\?-we/4 ,z ! ice _h clos$ 9 ar\nd ! %ip1 hold+ x 9 a vice1 ! sportsm5 ( ! p>ty l&$1 & visit$ "s neighb\r+ lakes 9 se>* ( game4 ,!y f\nd a numb] ( wild geese1 & kill$ fifty-sev51 :i* suppli$ a welcome addition to ! ord9>y bill ( f>e4 ,mr4 ,eg]ton & a seaman 7 s5t (f to ! ,discov]y1 !n ab\t tw5ty miles di/ant1 ) ord]s = h] to prep>e = ! homew>d voyage4 ,we h already relat$ h[ !y rea*$ ! %ip 9 safety4 ,:ile ! ,al]t 0 ?us imprison$1 ! huge pack-ice 9 ! (f+ 0 c>ri$ up & d[n ! /rait by ! tidal movem5t1 ! w9d hav+ ! effect ( increas+ ! velocity ( ! curr5t & ! duration ( its fl[ bo? nor?w>d & s\?w>d4 ,! ice g5]ally 0 ( a light] "* ?an t 9 ! ,pol> ,sea2 b _m heavy ,pol> floes 7 driv5 s\?w>d by ! gale1 & set into ,lady ,frankl9 ,s\nd & ,ar*] ,fiord r ?an d[n ,k5n$y ,*annel4 ,lady ,frankl9 ,s\nd1 inde$1 seems to be ! receptacle ( all ! heavy ice t comes s\? ?r\gh ,robeson ,*annel2 reta9+ x until ! prevail+ we/]ly w9ds c>ry x once m to ! nor?w>d1 & empty ! ,s\nd1 previ\s to its be+ refill$ on ! return ( ! nor!rly gales4 ,x is only1 says ,capta9 ,n>es1 9 seasons :5 nor!rly w9ds occur m frequ5tly ?an we/]ly ones1 t any consid]able quantities ( ! huge ,pol> ice are drift$ into ,smi? ,s\nd & ,baff9 ,bay4 ,! gale ( ! #f? ( ,augu/ 0 v viol5t4 ,! tide ru%+ s\?w>d1 drove a succession ( heavy floe-pieces aga9/ ! small b]gs t protect$ ! %ip1 & capsiz$ "o ( !m completely4 ,x 0 firmly agr\nd :5 /ruck by ! po9t ( a l>ge floe2 b su* 0 ! =ce ( ! collision t x 0 re>$ erect 9 ! air to its full height ( at lea/ sixty feet above wat]1 :51 turn+ a complete som]sault1 l a practis$ gymna/1 x came d[n on its back ) a %ock t %att]$ x into pieces1 & rais$ a wave suffici5t to roll ! %ip consid]ably4 ,into ! gap ?us caus$ mov$ ! ice1 until at la/ x nipp$ ! ,al]t1 ?\gh n dang]\sly4 ,t same ev5+ ,lieut5ant ,rawson & two seam5 arriv$ f ! ,discov]y1 ) news ( ! ill-=tune t _h ov]tak5 ! ,gre5l& sl$ge-p>ty4 ,x soon became app>5t t !re 0 no *ance ( releas+ ! ice-b\nd %ip except by cutt+ d[n ! heavy floe t held h] prison]2 & accord+ly all h&s 7 set to "w4 ,aft] ?ree days' toil1 s mu* ( ! floe 0 hewn away t at high wat] x float$ & set ! %ip free2 at ! same "t ! ma9 pack mov$ (f1 & ! ,al]t /eam$ onw>d1 rejo9+ h] consort1 ! ,discov]y1 on ! #aa? ( ,augu/4 ,all ! invalids on bo>d ! ,al]t 7 n[ remov$ to ! ,discov]y1 & ,capta9 ,n>es rema9$ at ! entrance to ! h>b\r1 prep>$ to cross to ,pol>is ,bay1 z soon z ! ice p]mitt$1 to relieve ,lieut5ant ,beaumont4 ,z be=e /at$1 h[ev]1 he arriv$ on ! #ad?1 & reliev$ ! comm&] ( ! exp$ition ( a s]i\s anxiety4 ,bo? vessels 7 n[ ready to />t1 b ! /ate ( ! ice deta9$ !m until ! #bj?1 :51 a 8lead0 (f]+ ?r\gh ! pack1 away !y /eam$1 & arriv$ close to ,cape ,lawr5ce )\t enc\nt]+ any s]i\s ob/acle4 ,"h _! old enemy1 ! ice1 aga9 oppos$ !m2 & ,capta9 ,n>es f\nd only ! fam\s 8?ree c\rses0 ( a well-kn[n /atesman op5 to him3 ei!r to return nor?1 to drive ahead into ! pack1 or make fa/ ! %ips to "s ( ! gr\nd$ floeb]gs4 ,?is la/ exp$i5t 0 adopt$1 & 9 a l&-lock$ inn] bas9 ! ,al]t & ! ,discov]y 7 accord+ly secur$4 ,b1 un=tunately1 at ! fall ( high wat] a piece ( ice press$ aga9/ ! ,al]t1 & at ! same "t its protect+ floeb]g drove a%ore4 ,result3 ! ,al]t 0 agr\nd =w>d1 b ) deep wat] "u ! /]n4 ,& be=e %e c\ld be releas$1 ! tide _h fall5 f\rte5 feet1 s t ! %ip lay ov] at an angle ( #bb1 ) =e-foot & keel expos$ z f> aft z ! =e-*annels4 ,no?+ c\ld be done until ! tide rose4 ,!n ! %ip 0 light5$1 & aft]w>ds haul$ (f )\t hav+ und]gone any damage4 ,a passage aga9 op5$ on ! #bbnd ( ,augu/1 & ! two %ips /eam$ z f> s\?w>d z ,cape ,coll9son1 ) no o!r tr\bles ?an d5se sn[-/orms1 mi/s1 & /rong head-w9ds4 ,b (f ! cape1 ! ,al]t hav+ to back to escape a nip1 %e f\l$ ! ,discov]y = a mom5t2 ! latt] escap+1 h[ev]1 ) no?+ worse ?an ! loss ( a boat's davit4 ,! ice gradually break+ up be=e a /rong s\?-we/ w9d1 ! two %ips cross$ ,scoresby ,bay1 :i* 0 p]fectly cle>1 b roll$ ) a heavy sea4 ,z !y approa*$ ,cape ,fraz]1 !y 7 buffet$ by a t]rible gale1 & put 9 to ,maury ,bay1 an*or+ among a quantity ( gr\nd$ ice4 ,?ree days 7 sp5t 9 ardu\s ef=ts to d\ble ,cape ,fraz]1--"o ( ! btes noires ( ,arctic navigators1 because x is ! meet+-po9t ( ! flood-tides1 nor? & s\?1 "o f ! ,pol> ,ocean & ! o!r f ! ,atlantic1--& ,cape ,hayes1 ! b\nd>y-m>k ( ! *annel4 ,!n ! voyag]s1 ) glad he>ts1 pass$ into ,smi? ,s\nd2 & hugg+ ! %ore z closely z 0 safe1 arriv$ on ! #bi? at ,pr9ce ,imp]ial ,isl&1 9 ,dobb9 ,bay1 8e "o he>tily ?ankful to be out ( ! pack1 cle> ( ! /raggl+ iceb]gs1 & = ! %ips to be secur$ to fix$ ice once m40 ,! temp]ature n[ sunk aga9 bel[ freez+-po9t4 ,! brief ,arctic summ] 0 ov]1 & day & night ! "y sea-ice =m$ cont9u\sly4 ,! mi/s t _h hi!rto accompani$ ! %ips cle>$ away be=e a brisk nor!rly w9d1 & reveal$ a magnific5t panorama ( l(ty m\nta9s1 :ite ) %r\ds ( sn[1 & deep valleys fill$ ) colossal glaci]s4 ,"o ( ^! /ret*$ d[nw>ds to ! %ore1 & ?rew (f great iceb]gs :i* float$ or /r&$ 9 ,dobb9 ,bay4 ,x 0 nam$ aft] ! ,empress ,eugnie1 :o _h tak5 a lively p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! exp$ition4 ,cross+ ,dobb9 ,bay on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 ! voyag]s came )9 a qu>t] ( a mile ( a dept ( provisions e/abli%$ ne> ,cape ,hawks 9 ! previ\s autumn1 & succe$$ 9 remov+ a portion4 ,a day or two lat] ,capta9 ,n>es l&$ on ,wa%+ton ,isl&1 & visit$ a cairn :i* he _h rais$ !re on ! #ab? ( ,augu/ #ahfe4 ,he visit$1 also1 two old cairns erect$ by =m] explor]s2 ! li*5s ) :i* !y 7 gray prov$ t !y 7 ( e>li] date ?an ,dr4 ,hayes' exp$ition4 ,on ! #crd ( ,septemb]1 by d9t ( /eam+ assidu\sly1 ! %ips ramm$ _! way ?r\gh a lane ( wat] to ! we/w>d ( ,cape ,hawks1 :i* 0 inconv5i5tly ob/ruct$ by loose pieces ( old ice4 ,aft] r\nd+ ! cape1 says ! capta91 ! pack by drift+ away f ! l& _h left unfroz5 wat] & num]\s deta*$ small floes1 :i* =c$ !m to make a v s]p5t9e c\rse1 & occasionally to pass )9 ?irty y>ds ( ! l[ ice-foot on ! %ore1 =tunately always f9d+ deep wat]4 ,9 ?is way !y rea*$ ,allman ,bay1 half-way betwe5 ,cape ,hawks & ,frankl9 ,pi]ce ,bay4 ,meet+ "h ) a belt ( new ice1 ! ,discov]y 0 s5t ahead2 & "u full /eam %e =c$ a canal ?r\gh ! ice1 :i* 0 f "o to ?ree in*es ?ick4 ,f ! l(ty hills 9 ! int]ior a huge glaci] leads d[n to ,allman ,bay2 & x is a noticeable fact t always 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a glaci]-/ream ! wat] 0 f\nd ne>ly fre%1 & ( ! temp]ature ( #cb4 ,on ! #g? our homew>d-b\nd %ips rea*$ ,norman ,locky] ,isl&1 on ! m>g9 ( ,pr9cess ,m>ie ,bay4 ,! season 0 n[ f> advanc$1 & z ! slighte/ mi/ake might h l$ to ! vessels be+ ice-b\nd = ! w9t]1 ! two capta9s asc5d$ to ! highe/ po9t ( ! isl& to obta9 "s idea ( ! prospect be=e !m4 ,!y 7 mu* reliev$ by see+ a l>ge area ( op5 wat] "s tw5ty miles di/ant1 :i* !y conjectur$ w\ld ext5d to ! m\? ( ,smi? ,s\nd4 ,no "t 0 lo/ 9 gett+ "u way2 & ! %ips cross$ two-?irds ( ! di/ance be=e !y fell 9 ) ice4 ,by *>g+ x "u full /eam1 !y cle>$ ! ob/acle1 & !n1 ?r\gh an op5-wat] *annel1 ran on to ,cape ,sab9e4 ,on ! #i? ( ,septemb] !y arriv$ (f ,cape ,isabella1 :]e !y f\nd a small packet ( lett]s & newspap]s :i* _h be5 left at ! dept by ! ,p&ora4 ,! wea!r 0 n[ calm1 & ! w9d fav\rable4 ,sail 0 hoi/$1 !re=e1 z ! supply ( coal began to run %ort1 & on ! ev5+ ( ! #ab? ! exp$ition rea*$ ,b>d9 ,bay4 ,dur+ ! #ac? & ! #ad? !y work$ s\?w>d into ,wol/5holm ,s\nd2 & !nce1 ) a s\?-ea/]ly w9d1 cross$ to ,cape ,byam ,m>t91 :i* !y rea*$ on ! #af?4 ,two days lat] !y ent]$ ! well-kn[n wat]s ( ,melville ,bay2 on ! #be? !y arriv$ at ,disco1 :]e1 & aft]w>ds at ,eg$esm9de1 !y obta9$ "s small supplies ( coal4 ,eg$esm9de 0 left beh9d on ! #bnd ( ,octob]1 & on ! #d? ! two %ips recross$ ! ,arctic ,circle--exactly fifte5 mon?s f ! "t ( cross+ x on ! outw>d voyage4 ,exp]i5c+ adv]se w9ds1 !y made b sl[ progress to ! s\?w>d2 & z ! wea!r became w>m] & damp]1 a few ( ! m5 suff]$ f rheumatism & cat>rhs4 ,dur+ a heavy gale on ! #ai?1 ! two %ips sep>at$2 b bo?1 z we h se51 rea*$ ! %ores ( ,engl& 9 safety1 :]e _! gallant (fic]s & crews met ) ! he>ty welcome s ?or\ghly m]it$ by _! c\rage1 p]sev]ance1 & h]oic indu/ry4 ,"s notes on ! g5]al results obta9$ by ! exp$ition 9 zoology1 botany1 & geology1 h appe>$ 9 ! ,academy4 ,! two naturali/s "u ^: c>e ^! dep>tm5ts 7 plac$1--,capta9 ,feild51 9 ! ,al]t1 & ,mr4 ,h>t1 9 ! ,discov]y1--work$ ) unflagg+ en]gy & no small success4 ,( mammals1 ! species f\nd f>!/ nor? 7 ! ,arctic fox1 ! wolf1 ! erm9e1 ! ,pol> h>e1 ! lemm+1 & ! musk-ox1--all ( :i* 7 se5 on ! %ores ( ! great ,pol> ,bas9 or ,palocry/ic ,sea4 ,no cetaceans 7 sight$ nor? ( ,pay] ,h>b\r1 ne> ,cape ,sab9e2 a fact :i* r5d]s all ! m s]i\s ! gradual process ( ext]m9ation ( ! ,gre5l& 7or "r7 :ale 9 m s\!rn latitudes4 ,! only seal f\nd beyond ,cape ,union1 9 lat4 #hb #ae' ,n41 0 ! little r+$ seal or 8floe-rat0 7,phoca hispida74 ,s f> z ! l& ext5d$1 bird life prevail$2 ! species be+ ! sn[y owl1 ! sn[-bunt+1 & ! pt>migan4 ,full collections 7 made ( all ! birds frequ5t+ ,smi? ,s\nd2 & our naturali/s _h ! satisfaction ( discov]+ ! long-s\ght-= bre$+-haunts ( ! knott & s&]l+4#ac ,few species ( m>9e fi% 7 obta9$1 b 8an int]e/+ small salmonoid0 0 met ) 9 fre%-wat] lakes z f> nor? z lat4 #hb #ce'4 ,a f9e collection ( m>9e inv]tebrates 0 secur$ by dr$g+ & trawl+2 & ! "* ( ! sea-bottom f ,baff9 ,bay up to lat4 #hc #ai' ,n4 0 accurately asc]ta9$ by a s]ies ( c>eful s\nd+s4 ,9 ! dep>tm5t ( botany our naturali/s 7 rew>d$ by ! discov]y ( betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty species ( phan]ogamic plants betwe5 ! p>allels ( #hb & #hc4 ,mu* ri*] & m v>i$ results 7 obta9$ 9 ! cryptogamic flora4 ,geologically1 ! facts arriv$ at 7 ( ! utmo/ value4 8,! :ole we/ coa/ ( ,smi? ,s\nd1 f ,cape ,isabella to ,cape ,union1 has be5 fully survey$ & mapp$1 & l>ge collections h be5 made bo? ( fossils & rock-specim5s2 :ile ! sl$ge-p>ties :i* explor$ ! %ore ( ! ,pol> ,bas91 bo? to ea/ & we/1 br\ght back suffici5t mat]ial to det]m9e ! geological "* ( ! c\ntry4 ,silurian lime/ones1 ri*ly fossilif]\s1 7 ! prevail+ rocks along ,smi? ,s\nd4 ,mioc5e deposits1 includ+ a tw5ty-foot seam ( coal1 7 f\nd z f> nor? z lat4 #ha #dd'4 ,f ! %ales & s&/ones ( ?is =mation a beautiful s]ies ( leaf-impressions 7 collect$1 illu/rat+ ! *>act]i/ic flora ( ! epo*1 & pres5t+ a rem>kable demon/ration ( ! exi/5ce ( a temp]ate climate )9 five hundr$ miles ( ! pres5t ,pole at a comp>atively rec5t geological "t4 ,n less important are ! indications ( great rec5t *anges 9 ! elevation ( ! l& af=d$ by ! discov]y ( ?ick po/-plioc5e deposits1 ly+ at a consid]able elevation above ! sea-level1 & conta9+ fossils simil> to ! exi/+ m>9e fauna4 ,la/ly1 v int]e/+ & sugge/ive obs]vations h be5 made on glaciation & ice-action 9 g5]al40 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is b a summ>y1 & a v brief & cond5s$ "o1 ( rese>*es :i* h evid5tly be5 ( ! highe/ importance4 ,& x might almo/ be said ( ! late exp$ition1 t ev5 _h its geographical discov]ies be5 less valuable1 its sci5tific results w\ld h entitl$ x to a =emo/ place 9 ! annals ( ,arctic ,ent]prise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our record ( ,arctic exp$itions w fitly close ) a sket* ( ! cruise ( ! ,p&ora1 a screw-ya*t comm&$ by ,capta9 ,all5 ,"y1 :i* left ,engl& 9 ! summ] ( #ahgf1 9 ord] to op5 up communications ) ! ,admiralty exp$ition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,%[+ ,,! ,,discov]ies ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,pol> ,,exp$ition #ahge-gf4 ,f ,map accompany+ ,(ficial ,report publi%$ 9 8,nature40 ,capta9 ,"y left ,up]navik on ! ev5+ ( ! #ai? ( ,july1 & /ood away to ! nor?w>d--9 bad wea!r1 & ) ! w9d bl[+ a gale4 ,?r\gh va/ fields ( ice he ?read$ 8 way1 sometimes "u sail1 sometimes "u /eam1 until1 on ! morn+ ( ! #bd?1 he f\nd 8 %ip completely surr\nd$1 9 lat4 #ge #aj' ,n4 ,no "t 0 lo/ 9 endeav\r+ to effect an escape by *>g+ ! ice at full spe$1--aga9 & aga9 return+ to ! onset2 & a sl[ b /eady progress 0 be+ made1 :5 ! field 9 :i* !y 7 held fa/1 drift+ be=e ! gale1 8collid$0 ) a gr\p ( gr\nd$ b]gs1 & expos$ ! little vessel to su* sev]e pressure1 t prep>ations 7 made = ab&on+ h]4 ,provisions1 ammunition1 camp+ & travell+ ge>1 all 7 made ready1 & ! boats 7 l[]$ z f> z possible at ! davits4 ,meantime1 heavy *>ges ( gunp[d] 7 us$ to bla/ ! ice :]e x press$ ! %ip mo/ sev]ely2 & ! b]gs tak+ a diff]5t direction1 ! ,p&ora began to recov] h]self1 & be=e night settl$ d[n ne>ly to h] usual level4 ,9 ! d>kness ( ! night1 ) ! w9d h[l+1 & ! sn[ & sleet driv+ 9 heavy %[]s1 %e mov$ ahead ) ! pack2 & 9 ?is way cont9u$ h] progress until ! #bg?1 :5 ! wea!r cle>$1 & ,capta9 ,"y discov]$ t he _h advanc$ "r into ! he>t ( ,melville ,bay1 ) no wat] 9 sight4 ,full 9 view 7 ,capes ,walk] & ,melville1 ! ,peak$ ,hill1 & huge glaci]-/reams emb$d$ 9 ! int]v5+ valleys4 ,all ar\nd 0 "o va/ monoton\s %eet ( rugg$ ice4 ,x 0 n until ! #bi? t ! ,p&ora1 aft] _m hairbread? escapes1 got into op5 wat]1 9 lat4 #ge #ej' ,n41 & long4 #fd #ee' ,w4 ,:ile ?us imprison$ 9 ! grasp ( ! floe1 ! explor]s kill$ only "o ,pol> be>1 f\r seals1 & a few little auks4 ,9 a cle> sea !y n[ /ood away to ! we/w>d1 pass+ ,capes ,dudley1 ,digges1 & ,a?ol1 & o!r headl&s famili> 9 ! records ( ,arctic adv5ture4 ,at noon on ! #ca/1 :5 (f ,wol/5holm ,isl&1 ano!r gale ov]took !m1 increas+ rapidly to almo/ hurricane fury4 ,?is 0 an unpleasant exp]i5ce2 = ! deck 0 wa%$ by heavy seas1 & x 0 ) ! greate/ difficulty !y avoid$ com+ into collision ) ! iceb]gs :i* drift$ rapidly ?r\gh ! sn[ & spray4 ,rea*+ ,c>y ,isl&1 !y l&$ to exam9e ,capta9 ,n>es' dept ( provisions1 & f\nd x 9 good pres]vation4 ,! cairn _h n be5 visit$ s9ce ,"y's call at ! isl& on ! #aj? ( ,septemb] 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,aft]w>ds !y made = ,su!rl& ,isl&1 :]e !y f\nd a record ( ! ,am]ican explor]1 ,capta9 ,h>t/5e1 dat$ ,augu/ #af1 #ahee4 ,x is ) a curi\s feel+ t1 9 ^! regions ( almo/ p]petual w9t]1 ! voyag] comes ^u su* fa9t memorials ( m5 :o1 l him1 h d>$ all ! p]ils ( ice-floes & iceb]gs1 & adv5tur$ into seas f> beyond ! track ( ord9>y comm]cial ent]prise4 ,on ,littleton ,isl&1 a record ( ! exp$ition 0 f\nd4 ,! docum5t 0 dat$ ,july #bh1 #ahge1 & sign$ by ,capta9 ,n>es2 & x indicat$ ! c\rse ab\t to be tak5 by ! %ips "u 8 ord]s4 ,ow+ to ! ice-encumb]$ condition ( ! /raits1 h[ev]1 ,capta9 ,"y c\ld n foll[ x up2 & in/ead ( cross+ to ,cape ,isabella1 he resolv$ to exam9e ! coa/ 9 ,h>t/5e ,bay1 9 ord] to seek a h>b\r = ! relief-%ip :i* ! ,admiralty _h int5d$ to s5d out 9 #ahgg1 9 case ( ! non-return ( ! ,pol> ,exp$ition4 ,?is 0 f\nd on ! #d? ( ,augu/1 n f> f ! ,eskimo settlem5t ( ,etah1 & nam$ aft] ! ,p&ora4 ,x w\ld seem to (f] e advantage z w9t] qu>t]s = ,arctic discov]y-%ips2 ! surr\nd+ hills are 8dott$ ) ,arctic h>es1 appe>+ l sn[-balls on ! luxuri\s vegetation40 ,! little auk bre$s 9 ?\s&s on ! cliffs1 eid] f[l & guillemots haunt ! wat]s1 & ! adjac5t valleys & pa/ures are frequ5t$ by re9de]4 ,capta9 ,"y next made = ,cape ,isabella1 :i* he rea*$ on ! #f? ( ,augu/4 ,wat*ful eyes soon discov]$ a l>ge cairn on ! summit ( ?is headl&4 ,a boat 0 l[]$1 & ! cont5ts ( ! cairn soon obta9$1 :ile despat*es & lett]s = ,capta9 ,n>es' exp$ition 7 left 9 _! /ead4 ,!n ! ,p&ora /eam$ to ! nor?w>d2 b1 ow+ to ! adv]se w9ds & ! accumulat$ ice1 c\ld make no way1 & 0 =c$ back to ,cape ,isabella4 ,ano!r attempt 0 made to ! ea/w>d1 & = sev]al days ! gallant little %ip cross$ & recross$ ! /raits1 ?r\gh ! pack1 always beset ) ice1 & frequ5tly en%r\d$ 9 imp5etrable fogs4 ,no few] ?an ?ree times 0 %e compell$ to take %elt] 9 ,p&ora ,h>b\r4 ,on ! #ai? %e 0 driv5 back to ! nor?w>d ( ,littleton ,isl&1 & ,capta9 ,"y & "s ( 8 (fic]s took ! opportunity ( visit+ ! ,pol>is camp4 ,no?+ rema9$ ( ! h\se erect$ by ,capta9 ,budd+ton except a few brok5 bo>ds4 ,! rocks 7 /rewn ) pieces ( metal1 fragm5ts ( clo?+1 & o!r waifs & /rays4 ,! ca*e 9 :i* ! retreat+ p>ty _h deposit$ _! books & in/rum5ts 0 also exam9$2 b ! only relics 7 a brass b[l ( a sev5-in* compass1 a t9 tube1 & p>ts ( a telescope4 ,"s cases & casks1 conta9+ records = ! use ( ,capta9 ,n>es1 7 securely plac$ among ! rocks on ! we/]n po9t ( ! isl&2 & ,capta9 ,"y !n return$ to ,cape ,isabella4 ,f9d+ no?+ "h ( any int]e/1 & conv9c$ t no travell+ or boat p>ty _h rea*$ t position f ! ,pol> %ips1 ! ,p&ora bore away to ! nor?w>d "u canvas4 8,x 0 v d>k & ?ick10 says ,capta9 ,"y1 8b suffici5tly cle> to enable u to avoid ! heavy ice4 ,by n9e ,a4,m4 we 7 up to ,lecomte ,isl&1 :5 we 7 /opp$ by a fog until elev5 o'clock1 :5 ,i c\ld see f al(t t ! ma9 pack ext5d$ across ! /raits into ,rosse ,bay4 ,we 7 9 a lake ( l& wat]1 ) close-pack$ & heavy ice all r\nd1 f s\? to nor?1 & aga9 clos+ on ! l& f ! ea/w>d4 ,our only *ance ( mov+ seem$ to be ?r\gh a n>r[ lead or slack place1 runn+ fir/ to ! ea/-nor?-ea/1 & !n aga9 app>5tly t[>ds ! ea/ coa/4 ,we ent]$ ! pack1 & succe$$ by five ,p4,m4 9 aga9 escap+ into ! l& wat] 9 ,h>t/5e ,bay40 ,su* are ! exp]i5ces ( twelve h\rs 9 ! ice-clogg$ wat]s ( ! ,nor?6 ,b we ne$ n delay ! read] ) ^! m9ute p>ticul>s1 not)/&+ _! int]e/ z illu/rative ( ! nature ( ! /ruggle wag$ ) s mu* p]si/5cy ( purpose by ! ,arctic explor]4 ,! sea 0 n[ cov]$ ev]y:]e ) ice & b]gs4 ,/orms 7 ( frequ5t occurr5ce2 & ! w9d & wave beat5 ,p&ora 0 =c$ back into ,baff9 ,bay4 ,"h1 on ! #bh? ( ,augu/1 h] capta9 c\ld see t ! solid ice _h fill$ ! /raits & ! head ( ! bay "r across to ,cape ,alex&]4 ,! way nor? be+ ?us ob/ruct$1 ,capta9 ,"y resolv$ on proce$+ t[>ds ,up]navik1 9 ,nor? ,gre5l&1 hop+ to f9d t ! la/ %ip _h n already sail$ = ,d5m>k1 & 9 t case to s5d an (fic] home ) despat*es1 :ile ! ,p&ora return$ to ,smi? ,/rait4 ,on ! #bi? %e 0 (f ,hakluyt ,isl&1 & /e]$ = ,b>d9 ,bay 9 ,:ale ,s\nd4 ,on ent]+ ! bay1 a summ] t5t c\ld be se51 & "s ,eskimos1 ) _! dogs1 runn+ to & fro1 evid5tly ) ! view ( attract+ ! att5tion ( ! visitors4 ,capta9 ,"y accord+ly l&$1 ) "s ( 8 (fic]s1 & accompani$ by ,*ri/ian1 8 ,eskimo int]pret]4 ,! natives met !m ) ! utmo/ confid5ce & fe>lessness1 assi/+ to haul _! boat up on ! %ore4 ,!y 7 t5 9 numb]1 & all memb]s ( "o family4 ,food appe>$ to be pl5tiful ) !m1 b !y 7 pr(use 9 _! ?anks = "s walrus-fle% giv5 by ,capta9 ,"y4 ,_! mann]s 7 frank & communicative1 & !y %[$ consid]able vivacity1 rejoic+ ov] ! results ( a v good hunt+ season4 ,nei!r ,european %ips nor :ite m5 _h !y se5 = ye>s2 b !y said t an old man1 :o1 ) 8 family1 inhabit$ ,nor?umb]l& ,isl&1 told ( two %ips :i* _h pass$ to ! nor?w>d 8la/ summ]40 ,h[ lonely mu/ be ! life l$ by ^! poor savages6 ,nev] gladd5$ by ! sight ( a sail2 b1 ye> aft] ye>1 %ut up 9 _! froz5 solitudes1 & )\t any o!r object or purpose be=e !m ?an to obta9 j en\gh food to avoid a premature & mis]able dea?6 ,among _! treasures ,capta9 ,"y obs]v$ a %ip's bucket1 half ! top ( a mahogany table1 ! paddle ( a ,gre5l&]'s kayack1 mu* ice-worn1 & a piece ( pack+-case m>k$ 8,lime juice--,lei?20 all ( :i*1 !y said1 _h drift$ into ! bay at diff]5t times f ! s\?w>d4 ,^! p seem$ to ,capta9 ,"y ( a k9d & simple disposition1 :ile !y 7 evid5tly robu/ & heal?y4 ,all t !y _h--& x 0 little en\gh--!y freely press$ ^u _! visitor2 & :5 ask$ :at pres5t !y w\ld l1 _! *ief select$ only "s gimlets & a fifte5-foot a% o>4 ,! latt]1 he said1 w\ld split up into spe>-%afts2 ! =m] he want$ = bor+ bone & ivory4 ,capta9 ,"y1 h[ev]1 gave !m sev]al o!r useful articles2 accept+ 9 return "s n>:al horns1 specim5s ( _! pot-/one cook+-kettles1 & ( ! iron pyrites :i* !y us$ = /rik+ fire4 ,an ex*ange ( dogs also took place2 five ( ! dogs belong+ to ! ,p&ora be+ giv5 = ?ree ( ! f9e/ be>-hunt+ & tame dogs ( ! ,eskimos4 ,at ,up]navik1 ! ,p&ora1 aft] a /ormy & dang]\s passage1 arriv$ on ! ev5+ ( ,septemb] ! #g?1 b f\nd t ! la/ %ip _h sail$ = ,europe4 ,z !re 7 no means1 !re=e1 ( communicat+ ) ,engl&1 & z1 )\t su* communication1 ,capta9 ,"y did n feel au?oriz$ to w9t] 9 ! ,nor?1 a supply ( fre% wat] w>s tak5 on bo>d1 & ! %ip /e]$ = home4 ,f ! #ae? to ! #ba/ %e t>ri$ at ,goodhav'n1 9 ,disco ,isl&4 ,9 ,davis ,/rait %e enc\nt]$ l>ge quantities ( heavy ,spitzb]g5 drift-ice1 & wea!r$ a sev]e s\?-ea/]ly gale4 ,on ! #af? ( ,octob]1 9 lat4 #ed #ch' ,n41 & long4 #dd #cj' ,w41 %e sight$ ! ,arctic %ips1 ,al]t & ,discov]y1 & ha/5$ to communicate ) !m4 ,!y kept toge!r until ! #ai?4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ! ,p&ora 0 buffet$ by ano!r hurricane2 b ! re/ ( h] voyage 0 accompli%$ 9 safety1 & 0 m>k$ by no incid5ts ( importance4 ,"h1 = ! pres5t1 t]m9ates ! record ( ,briti% ent]prise & adv5ture 9 ! ,arctic ,_w4 ,x is difficult to believe1 h[ev]1 t ! nation w re/ until ! 8he>t ( ! my/]y has be5 pluck$ out10 ! ,secret f9ally ma/]$1 & ! ,briti% flag hoi/$ on t remote po9t :i* is conv5tionally kn[n z ! ,,nor? ,,pole4 ,,index4 ,ag>icus musc>ius1 #aci4 ,agassiz1 exp]im5ts (1 #aaf4 ,alectoria jubata1 #acg4 ,alets* glaci]1 !1 describ$1 #dg4 ,algol1 or ,m$usa's ,head1 #ci4 ,arctic ,highl&]s1 #ab4 ,arctic night1 !1 *>act]i/ics (1 #cb-cd1 #ic-ie4 ,arctic region1 ext5t (1 #ac1 #ad4 ,atmosph]ic ph5om5a1 #ca4 ,auk1 !1 describ$1 #ig1 #ih4 ,aurora ,borealis1 !1 ph5om5a (1 #bg2 !ory (1 #bi4 ,baff91 discov]ies (1 #bbg4 ,b>5ts1 adv5tures (1 #bff-bfi4 ,b>r5s1 !1 region (1 describ$1 #af4 ,be>1 ,pol>1 natural hi/ory ( !1 #he-ic2 hunt+ seals1 #hf2 voracity (1 #hh2 affection = its "y1 #hh1 #hi4 ,bee*ey1 ,capta91 quot$1 #de1 #df1 #ee4 ,bell1 quot$1 #gh4 ,bellot1 ,lieut5ant1 quot$1 #abc4 ,b5net1 ,/eph51 voyage (1 #bbh4 ,b]keley1 quot$1 #adj4 ,birds1 migrations (1 #aa4 ,botes1 con/ellation (1 #dj4 ,brem]1 ,fr$]ika1 quot$1 #ach4 ,brew/]'s1 ,sir ,david1 exp]im5t ) pol>is$ light1 #aaa4 ,budd+ton1 ,capta91 adv5tures (1 #cjh-caa4 ,burr\gh1 ,/eph51 voyage (1 #bbb1 #bbc4 ,button1 ,capta91 voyage (1 #bbg4 ,bylot1 ,rob]t1 voyage (1 #bbg4 ,c>ls51 ,capta91 voyage (1 #bgj4 ,cladonia rangif]9a1 #acg4 ,cl>ke1 ,dr41 quot$1 #bjc4 ,clav]+1 ,capta91 ref]r$ to1 #ab4 ,co*le>ia1 or scurvy-grass1 uses (1 #aci4 ,col]idge1 quot$1 #fi4 ,con/ellations1 nor!rn1 li/ (1 #cg4 ,cooley1 ,mr41 quot$1 #bcj4 ,corvid1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #afj4 ,cryptogam\s plants ( ! nor?1 #ada1 #adb4 ,cry/allization1 process (1 #ajh4 ,cygnus musicus1 #afa4 ,d',almeida1 ,c\nt1 quot$1 #bje1 #bjf4 ,davis1 ,capta9 ,john1 voyages (1 #bbd1 #bbe4 ,dolph9s1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #hb1 #hc4 ,doro!a1 !1 n>r[ escape (1 #ee4 ,duff]91 ,"l1 quot$1 #aff1 #afg1 #agb4 ,eid] ducks1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #ajc2 9 ,icel&1 #ajd4 ,eskimo dog1 !1 description (1 #aij4 ,eskimo1 !1 hunt+ ! walrus1 #fh1 #fi2 hut (1 #gf4 ,eskimo kayak describ$1 #ahb4 ,eskimo seal-hunt1 an1 describ$1 #gg1 #gh4 ,eskimo sl$ge1 !1 describ$1 #aib-aif4 ,eskimos1 !1 b\nd>ies (1 #age2 "*1 mann]s1 cu/oms1 & clo?+1 #agi-aif4 ,falcon1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #afj4 ,f>aday1 +5i\s exp]im5t (1 #aaa4 ,fel9ska1 ,madame1 quot$1 #baa4 ,fi% 9 ! ,arctic seas1 #ajf4 ,flora ( ! ,arctic l&s1 #ai4 ,fox1 ,luke1 voyage (1 #bbh4 ,fox1 ! ,arctic1 natural hi/ory (1 #aea-aec4 ,fox-trap1 a1 describ$1 #aeb4 ,frankl91 ,sir ,j41 ov]l& j\rney (1 #bca2 la/ exp$ition (1 #bca2 relics (1 discov]$1 #bcc1 #bce1 #bcf4 ,fritill>ia s>rana1 !1 prop]ties (1 #adb1 #adc4 ,frobi%]1 ,sir ,m>t91 voyage (1 #bbc4 ,frobi%] ,/rait discov]$1 #bbc4 ,gale1 an ,arctic1 describ$1 #gj4 ,grds ( ,lapl&1 describ$1 #bjg4 ,g]mania1 !1 exp$ition (1 #bde-bfe4 ,geys]s1 !1 ph5om5a (1 #afe-afg4 ,gilb]t1 ,sir ,humphrey1 dea? (1 #bbd4 ,glaci]-ice1 peculi>ities (1 #aab4 ,glaci] 9 ,smi? ,/rait1 #abd1 #abg2 ( ,s]miatsialik1 #abh1 #abi4 ,glaci]s1 *>act]i/ics (1 #dg2 motion (1 #aac-aae2 ph5om5a connect$ )1 #aae-aah2 ( ! ,arctic regions1 #aah-acc2 ( ,spitzb]g51 #abj1 #abc4 ,godhav'n1 #afg4 ,grampus1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #hc1 #hd4 ,gre5l&1 sc5]y on ! coa/ (1 #bb4 ,guillemot1 !1 describ$1 #if1 #ig4 ,gull1 !1 describ$1 #ajc4 ,hall1 ,capta91 exp$ition & dea? (1 #bga1 #bgb4 ,hansa1 !1 voyage & loss (1 #bde-bea4 ,hans ! ,hunt]1 #ahf-ahi1 #bhd4 ,h>e1 ! ,arctic1 #aed4 ,h>twig1 ,dr41 quot$1 #ae4 ,hayes1 ,dr41 quot$1 #be1 #ce1 #dc1 #di1 #ej1 #ei1 #hg1 #ie1 #if1 #abd1 #abe1 #abg1 #abh1 #ach1 #aeb1 #aec1 #ahf1 #aia1 #aib1 #bdd2 ,arctic exp$ition (1 #bdd1 #bde4 ,he>ne1 quot$1 #ahc4 ,hecla1 !1 & ! ,fury1 dang] (1 #ef4 ,hegemann1 ,capta91 #bde4 ,hekla1 eruption (1 #afd4 ,h5d]son1 ,dr41 quot$1 #agb4 ,hill1 ,mr41 quot$1 #bac1 #bad4 ,hobson1 ,lieut5ant1 discov]s ,frankl9 relics1 #bcd-bcf4 ,holl&1 ,mr41 quot$1 #agc4 ,hore1 ,mr41 voyage (1 #bbb4 ,hudson1 ,h5ry1 discov]ies (1 #bbe-bbh4 ,humboldt ,glaci]1 description (1 #aca-acd1 #bch4 ,hut*9son1 ,capta91 quot$1 #bje4 ,iceb]gs1 _! dim5sions1 #da2 _! magnific5t appe>ance1 #db1 #dc2 dang] to navigation f1 #dd1 #abc2 break+ up (1 #di2 range (1 #ej1 #ea2 9 ,baff9 ,bay1 #abd4 ,ice-fields1 ext5t & "* (1 #ed1 #ef1 #eg4 ,ice-fl[]s1 *>act]i/ics (1 #ajh4 ,icel&1 dim5sions (1 #afb2 hi/ory (1 #afb2 volcanoes (1 #afc2 dre>y l&scapes (1 #afd2 geys]s (1 #aff1 #afg2 h\ses & *ur*es (1 #agj2 travell+ 91 #agb2 horses (1 #agc4 ,icel& moss1 uses (1 #ach1 #aci4 ,jacob%av'n1 #afh4 ,jakut m]*ants1 !1 ent]prise (1 #bag4 ,jakuts1 !1 z be>-hunt]s1 #bab2 mann]s & cu/oms (1 #baf1 #bag4 ,james1 ,capta9 ,?omas1 voyage (1 #bbh4 ,joe ! ,eskimo1 ) ,capta9 ,tyson1 #bgh1 et sqq4 ,kamts*atka1 fi%]ies (1 #bab2 ! dog (1 #bad1 #bae4 ,kamts*atkans1 !1 *>act]i/ics (1 #bac1 #bad4 ,kane1 ,dr41 quot$1 #ae1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #db1 #fh1 #gc1 #gd1 #hh1 #ia1 #ib1 #aca-acd1 #adi1 #aec1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #bcg1 #bci1 #bdb1 #bdc2 ,arctic explorations (1 #bcg-bdd4 ,knots1 !1 habits (1 #aa1 #ab4 ,koldewey1 ,capta91 ref]r$ to1 #ab2 voyage (1 #bde4 ,lagopus1 !1 #afa4 ,lamont1 ,mr41 quot$1 #fj1 #fb4 ,lapl&1 divisions & ext5t (1 #aig2 climate (1 #aig2 inhabitants (1 #aig2 ! re9de] 91 #bjj2 sl$g+ 91 #bja2 an int]ior 91 #bjd1 #bje4 ,lapp dialect1 !1 #bjf4 ,lapp hunt]s1 !1 boldness (1 #bjb4 ,lapps1 !1 dress1 mann]s1 & cu/oms (1 #aih4 ,lapps1 ! ,m\nta91 "* (1 #aii1 #bjj4 ,lapps ( ,we/ ,bo?nia1 #bjf1 #bjg4 ,laube1 ,dr41 quot$1 #beb4 ,lemm+1 ! ,arctic1 #aed4 ,macmillan1 ,dr41 quot$1 #ace1 #acf1 #acg1 #ada4 ,m>kham1 ,c41 quot$1 #aj1 #age1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bgc4 ,m>t51 !1 #aee4 ,m>t9s1 ,m4 ,*>les1 quot$1 #aai1 #abj1 #aba4 ,m',cl9tock1 ,capta9 ,sir ,rod]ick1 quot$1 #adh1 #aea1 #aha1 #bfe2 voyage (1 #bcd4 ,m',clure1 ,sir ,rob]t1 quot$1 #ha2 discov]s ,nor?-,we/ ,passage1 #bcc4 ,me*am1 ,capta91 quot$1 #adf1 #aej4 ,m] de ,glace ( ,gre5l&1 #abg1 #abh4 ,m]gans]1 ! natural hi/ory (1 #ii4 ,milton1 ,"l1 & ,dr4 ,*eadle1 quot$1 #aeh-afj4 ,moonlight 9 ! ,pol> ,_w1 #bf4 ,mora9es1 describ$1 #aae4 ,moravian mission-/ations 9 ,gre5l&1 #agi4 ,mosses 9 ! ,arctic regions1 #aci4 ,musk-ox1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #adi1 #aej4 ,mu/elid family1 !1 9 ! ,arctic regions1 #aee4 ,n>es1 ,capta91 exp$ition (1 #cad1 et sqq4 ,n>:al1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #hb4 ,newf\ndl& coloniz$1 #bbd4 ,nor?-,we/ ,passage1 utility (1 #i4 ,novaia ,zemlaia1 temp]ature (1 #ba4 ,osborn1 ,admiral ,%]>d1 quot$1 #dd1 #ha1 #hd1 #he1 #hg1 #adf1 #aea1 #bcb1 #bcf1 #bcg4 ,o/iaks1 !1 mann]s & cu/oms (1 #baa1 #bab4 ,o/r[noje1 trade at1 #bbj4 ,oxyria1 !1 uses (1 #ada4 ,pack-ice1 description (1 #ec4 ,p>ry1 ,capta91 quot$1 #dd1 #df1 #ef1 #bcj2 voyages (1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bcj4 ,pay]1 ,lieut5ant1 voyage (1 #bgj1 #bga4 ,p5ny1 ,capta91 voyage (1 #bcb-bcd4 ,phnogam\s plants ( ! nor?1 #ada4 ,phocid1 !4--,see ,,seal4 ,plant-life ( ,spitzb]g51 #adb2 ( ,kamts*atka1 #adb1 #adc4 ,pleiads1 !1 #ci4 ,pol>is1 !1 voyage (1 #bga-cac4 ,polecat1 !1 9 ! ,arctic regions1 #aef1 #aeg4 ,pole-,/>1 !1 position (1 #cf4 ,poole1 ,jonas1 voyage (1 #bbh4 ,puff91 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #ii4 ,qu5es1 or ,f9ns1 !1 #bjf4 ,rae1 ,dr41 f9ds relics ( ,frankl91 #bcc4 ,r$ sn[1 ph5om5on (1 expla9$1 #ace4 ,refraction1 ph5om5a (1 #ca4 ,regelation1 :at x is1 #aaa4 ,reikiavik1 description (1 #afh1 #afi4 ,re9de]1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #add2 usefulness (1 #ade2 food (1 #adf2 & wolves1 #adg2 9 ,sib]ia1 #bah1 #bai4 ,re9de] moss1 #acg4 ,r5du1 ,bi%op1 quot$1 #aad4 ,ri*>dson1 ,sir ,j41 quot$1 #ade4 ,rock-hair1 #acg4 ,rorqual1 !1 #hj4 ,ross1 ,sir ,james1 quot$1 #ade4 ,ross1 ,sir ,john1 voyages (1 #bbh1 #bca4 ,sab9e1 ,sir ,edw>d1 quot$1 #aj4 ,sable1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #aef4 ,samoj$es1 !1 sup]/itions (1 #bjh1 #bji2 mann]s & cu/oms (1 #baj1 #baa4 ,s*atan1 an ,o/iak idol1 #baa4 ,scoresby1 ,dr41 quot$1 #dd1 #ajf1 #ahf4 ,seal1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #ga-gc2 fle% (1 #gc1 #gd2 diff]5t g5]a (1 #ge4 ,s]miatsialik1 glaci] (1 #abg1 #abh4 ,%eph]d1 ,mr41 quot$1 #ajd4 ,skapt ,jokul1 eruption (1 #afe4 ,smew1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #ajj4 ,smi? ,s\nd1 r\te by1 #bbh4 ,sn[1 =mation (1 #ajh4 ,sn[-cry/als1 describ$1 #aji4 ,sn[-l9e1 limit (1 #bj4 ,som]ville1 ,mrs41 quot$1 #cj1 #ajg4 ,s\!y1 quot$1 #acf4 ,sporidesmium lepr>ia1 #adj4 ,spr+ 9 ! ,arctic regions1 #cd4 ,/>akis1 !1 describ$1 #ih4 ,/eph5son1 ,capta91 ( ! ,discov]y1 #cad4 ,summ] 9 ! ,arctic regions1 #cf4 ,swan1 ! wild1 natural hi/ory (1 #aje2 ! :i/l+1 #afa4 ,tadebtsios1 or ,samoj$e demons1 #bji4 ,tadibe1 ! ,samoj$e prie/1 #bji4 ,t*ukt*e1 !1 mann]s & cu/oms (1 #bbj4 ,temp]ature ( ,arctic w9t]1 #cc4 ,t5nyson1 quot$1 #aje4 ,?+valla1 !1 9 ,icel&1 #afh4 ,?orne1 ,dr4 ,rob]t1 ,arctic exploration propos$ by1 #bbb4 ,tripe de ro*e1 #acg1 #ach4 ,tundras1 ! /ony1 describ$1 #ae1 #af4 ,tungusi1 !1 *>act]i/ics (1 #bai1 #bbj4 ,tyndall1 ,pr(essor1 quot$1 #dg1 #dh1 #ajh1 #aji-aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #aae1 #aag1 #aah4 ,tyson1 ,capta91 n>rative (1 #bgh-cjh4 ,unkn[n ,region1 ext5t (1 #aj4 ,up]navik1 describ$1 #agf4 ,ursa ,major1 con/ellation (1 #cf2 description (1 #cg1 #ch4 ,waigatz1 isl& (1 #bjh4 ,walrus1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #fc2 c\rage (1 #fd2 gradual decay (1 #fg4 ,walrus-hunt1 a1 describ$1 #fh1 #fi4 ,walrus-hunt+1 h[ c>ri$ on1 #fj2 proce$s (1 #fb4 ,w>e1 quot$1 #cg1 #ch4 ,:ale1 !1 natural hi/ory (1 #gh2 *>act]i/ics ( ! ,gre5l&1 #gi1 #hj2 ! ,razor-back$1 #hj4 ,:alebone1 :at x is1 describ$1 #gi4 ,:ale-fi%]y ( ! ,eskimos1 #ha4 ,:irlw9ds ( ! nor?1 #ca4 ,will\ghby1 ,sir ,hugh1 loss (1 #bbb4 ,wolf1 ! ,arctic1 natural hi/ory (1 #adh4 ,wolv]9e1 !1 cunn+ (1 #aeg2 anecdotes (1 #aeh-afj4 ,wood$ zone ( ! ,arctic regions1 #adc4 ,wrangel1 ,admiral von1 quot$1 #bj1 #ha1 #bah1 #bba4 ,yakutsk1 temp]ature (1 #bf4 ,"y1 ,capta91 cruise (1 9 ! ,p&ora1 #ccd4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! ,tr+a canutus ( orni?ologi/s4 #b ,abies alba et nigra4 #c ,l>ix ,canad5sis4 #d ,p9us ,banksiana4 #e ,abies ,sibirica1 ,l>ix ,sibirica4 #f ,tyndall1 8,=ms ( ,wat]10 p4 #acg4 #g ,! "n giv5 to a pla9 ( ice ne> ,mont ,blanc4 #h ,scoresby calculat$ t x w\ld require #hj1jjj p]sons1 lab\r+ cont9u\sly f ! creation ( man to ! pres5t day1 to c\nt ! numb] ( organisms conta9$ 9 two miles ( ! gre5 wat]4 #i ,s call$ f its circul> =m1 & because ! surface ( ! leaf is m>k$ ) curv$ l9es4 #aj ,a m mod]ate e/imate says #acjj p]sons4 #aa ,! ,academy1 ,novemb] #d1 #ahgf1 p4 #dec4 #ab 8,"h let ! bill[s /iff5 & h re/40--,,col]idge4 #ac ,! sc>city ( animal life 9 ! remote ,nor? is %[n by ! small quantity ( game %ot by ! sportsm5 ( ! exp$ition aft] rea*+ w9t] qu>t]s3--six musk-ox51 tw5ty h>es1 sev5ty geese1 tw5ty-six ducks1 t5 pt>migan1 & ?ree foxes4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 #a4 ,obvi\s pr9t]s'1 punctuation & spell+ errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 #b4 ,:]e hyph5ation is 9 d\bt1 x has be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al4 #c4 ,"s hyph5at$ & non-hyph5at$ v]sions ( ! same words h be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al4 #d4 ,:]e appropriate1 ! orig9al spell+ has be5 reta9$4 #e4 ,italics are %[n z xxx4