,transcriber's ,notes3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,additional ,transcriber's ,notes are at the end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dogs ,,as ,,home ,,companions 99 99 99 99 99 ,dogs as ,home ,companions ,a ,,book ,,for ,,all ,,dog ,,lovers ,,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,hochwalt ,,author ,,of 8,dogcraft10 8,the ,pointer and the ,setter in ,america10 8,the ,modern ,pointer10 8,the ,modern ,setter10 8,the ,working ,dog and ,his ,education10 8,practical ,dog ,keeping for the ,amateur10 8,the ,airedale for ,work and ,show10 8,arrows of ,ambition10 etc4 #aibb ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,copyright1 #aibb ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,all ,rights ,reserved 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dedication4 ,to all the many men1 women and children scattered about over all the world1 who love dogs and keep one or more as their home companions4 8,and in that town a dog was found1 ,as many dogs there be1 ,both mongrel1 puppy1 whelp and hound ,and curs of low degree40--,goldsmith4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,suitable ,breeds4 ,group ,one--,toys #a ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,suitable ,breeds4 ,group ,two--,terriers #af ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,suitable ,breeds4 ,group ,three--,medium-,sized ,dogs #de ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,housing ,problems #fg ,,chapter ,v4 ,becoming ,acquainted--,early ,lessons #gf ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,the ,food ,question--,when to ,feed--,frequency of ,feeding--,water #hg ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,exercise--,grooming--,washing #id ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,if ,sickness ,comes #aje 99 99 99 99 99 ,dogs as ,home ,companions ,,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,hochwalt4 ,,introduction4 ,most people are interested in dumb animals1 but every normal person loves a dog2 it is the heritage of the ages4 ,the man or the woman who hates a good dog is abnormal4 ,there is something fundamentally wrong in their psychical makeup4 ,how often we hear of people of this class who say they can see nothing friendly or desirable in any dog2 that they are all alike2 vicious and treacherous4 ,the story of the man who writes articles in newspapers and pamphlets advocating the destruction of all dogs because they are a menace to mankind is a common one in every part of the world4 ,a story is told of one of this class--a ,new ,england money lender--who took great pains to besmirch the character of the dog in public and private4 ,his contention was that any dog would bite1 and as proof1 circulated a story that a little nondescript dog actually followed him aboard a street car and bit a piece out of his leg6 ,perhaps this is the truth and on the other hand1 it may be manufactured out of the whole cloth1 but it is to be hoped that it is so1 for it only proves what keen perceptions dogs have4 ,every dog recognizes his friends among humankind with one glance at a person's face4 ,the dog is a better student of human nature than any other animal--biped or otherwise--and the dog that shuns one person and loves another knows from instinct and perception how to distribute his likes and dislikes4 ,therefore1 those who see nothing but viciousness in the canine race have no one but themselves to blame2 the dog knows his enemies at sight4 ,to that class who are dog haters1 this book is not addressed and they are advised to lay it aside before going farther4 ,there are many1 however1 who love dogs1 who understand them and appreciate their many good qualities1 for ,dogs as ,home ,companions1 have been cherished since time immemorial4 ,a dog is like one of the family in many a household1 for those who really understand him are aware that mentally he is not far removed from the human race1 and emotionally is practically the latter's equal4 ,perhaps some may smile at this assertion1 but nevertheless it is a fact4 ,this book is for the dog lover2 not he who raises dogs for show purposes or as a commercial pursuit1 though that is a most laudable enterprise1 but he who loves the companionship of an intelligent dog and appreciates him for his real qualities as a home companion4 ,as guardian of the house1 a faithful ally to share in the joys and the sorrows of the household2 or as a boon companion of the children4 ,in short1 a dog which is1 to all intents and purposes1 8one of us40 ,there are many people in the world1 of this class1 and as many more who would have a dog1 if they knew how to keep one1 for deep down in their subconsciousness the love of the dog is there4 ,to those1 this book may be of help2 it may prove that a dog in the home is like a regenerating influence2 and many a family needs regeneration4 ,there are still many more who feel that they would like a dog for home and children if one could be kept in the city in a satisfactory manner4 ,it is true that the dweller in flats could not have a ,st4 ,bernard or a ,great ,dane tagging about with him1 but in many a flat small dogs are harbored and live their lives in the companionship of their human friends as happily1 if not more so1 than those dogs which live in kennels4 ,i have no brief for the hot-house dog1 however1 or those that are not living at least part of the time in the open1 if it is necessary to give him the entire run of the house1 the best chairs to lounge upon day and night1 or perchance1 the center of a nice1 clean counterpane in the best bedroom4 ,that is not my idea of keeping a dog1 but nevertheless there is no reason why any person should live a dogless life simply because his home is in the city4 ,the dog lover1 intending to become the owner of the dog1 should first consider the facilities he has for keeping one and after the pros and cons have been carefully gone over1 when a thorough inventory of the situation has been taken1 then he should decide what breed is best suited for his particular case4 ,that is the object of this book2 to investigate the various breeds suitable for city life1 to point out the best way to care for the dog in health and in disease and to give such little hints about dog keeping that the novice or one-dog owner may put to good use under any contingency that may arise during the life of his pet4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,suitable ,breeds4 ,group ,one--,toys4 ,much depends upon the environment of the prospective dog owner1 as to what breed he may satisfactorily adopt for his home4 ,dwellers in city flats or those living where yard room is circumscribed by narrow limits1 could not think of a ,st4 ,bernard1 a ,great ,dane1 a bloodhound1 or1 even the medium-sized breeds1 consequently it becomes manifest that he must make his choice from among the toys or smaller varieties4 ,suburbanites and others living on country places1 on the other hand1 may prefer a more serviceable-looking dog than the diminutive1 but alert specimens that come under the head of toys1 consequently1 to aid the novice in making his selection of a suitable canine home companion1 ,i have classified the most popular breeds in groups according to their size and general characteristics4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,pekingese ,,spaniel1 ,,ty ,,tou4 ,pre-eminent among the small varieties is the fashionable ,pekingese4 ,he is1 in the strict classification a toy1 it is true4 ,the reader may sneer at the word 8toy0 and fancy that the ,peke1 as he is popularly called1 is as useless and difficult to rear as the proverbial hot-house plant1 but such is not the case4 ,he is a hard1 strong1 easy-to-raise animal1 and one of the gamest for his inches of any breed in existence4 ,his shaggy mane1 resembling that of a lion1 his dark markings about muzzle and eyes1 and his tawny coat1 together with his sturdy frame1 suggest a big little dog1 and he is all of that4 ,he makes an excellent watch dog1 because he is always keen and alert and the slightest noise day or night will cause him to give the signal by his loud and rather raucous bark4 ,there is something formidable looking about the ,peke as he approaches the stranger1 who dares invade the sacred precincts of his mistress or master1 and as an alarm there are few small dogs that are superior4 ,the ,pekingese sprang into popularity within the last twenty years1 though he is said to be one of the oldest of ,chinese breeds1 from which country he was introduced into ,england and then to ,america where he soon became the vogue1 and some of the wealthy people of the ,east paid almost fabulous figures for good specimens4 ,while prices are now more within reason for good specimens1 the ,peke cannot be classed as a 8poor man's dog10 although it is possible1 nowadays1 to go to some of the kennels making this breed a specialty and buy a 8waster0 at a reasonable figure4 ,by waster is meant a specimen that1 while true to his blood characteristics and in every sense as well bred as the winners1 is not good enough to win on the bench4 ,the person buying a ,peke for a companion only1 however1 will get as much satisfaction in owning a well-bred non-winner as he probably would if he had a great champion4 ,at the present time the fancy is breeding them as small as possible and the larger ones are not in as great demand1 though they often come weighing as high as eighteen pounds when matured4 ,the novice dog-owner would not find a fifteen to eighteen-pound ,pekingese objectionable1 however1 for a house dog1 though as a show performer he would likely be unnoticed4 ,as a matter of fact1 the fancy is now breeding them so small that their usefulness as a house dog is practically bred away4 ,in buying specimens of this breed for house companions ,i would suggest one going over the ten-pound weight4 ,first because breeders will always gladly dispose of those that 8come large0 at a more reasonable figure1 and secondly because they are more hardy and useful4 ,it is the under ten-pound weight specimens that are the show dogs1 and the smaller the better1 it seems4 ,the ,pomeranian is another dog which came into popularity within the past quarter of a century and is a close second to the ,peke as a show dog today4 ,the ,pomeranian is a smaller edition of the old-time white ,spitz dogs which were so popular about forty or fifty years ago4 ,in breeding them down to the present size ,i have my doubts of the good that was accomplished1 though there is no gainsaying the fact that a good ,pomeranian of the very small type is a 8foxy0 specimen in the show ring4 ,they come in all colors2 black1 sable white1 blue mottled and in fact1 in any shade imaginable4 ,indeed it has been said that the fashionable thing nowadays for ladies is to have a ,pom of every shade to match their gowns1 though this is somewhat overdrawn1 notwithstanding the numerous colors to be obtained4 ,the novice1 buying a ,pom for a companion only1 and not for show1 will be able to secure one of the larger specimens at a reasonable price much more readily than he would the very small ones1 for1 as in the case of the ,pekes1 the smaller the dog the better the show specimen1 though naturally the animal must possess show points4 8,foxy0 in appearance describes the ,pomeranian to a nicety4 ,with full1 fluffy coat1 bushy tail1 carried over an extremely short back1 sharp nose1 snappy1 small black eyes and an erect ear1 he is in every sense of the word a dog with a fox-like expression4 ,at shows they are usually classified as dogs not exceeding eight pounds and those over this weight1 though the larger the dog1 the less chances he has of winning4 ,for utility purposes1 the overweight dogs will answer as well1 if not better than the extremely small show specimens4 ,pomeranians1 if properly reared1 after once attaining maturity are usually hardy4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,blenheim ,,spaniel1 ,,ch4 ,,rollo4 ,the ,english ,toy ,spaniel1 though a very handsome1 long-coated animal1 is not quite so popular as the two foregoing breeds1 but they are as easily reared1 provided they do not come from stock that has been pampered by generations of coddling4 ,the breed is divided into four varieties3 the ,blenheim1 or white and orange2 the ,prince ,charles1 or tri-color 7white1 black and tan72 the ruby1 or red2 and the ,king ,charles1 or black and tan4 ,all are equally handsome1 but as a rule they are not as alert1 or active1 nor do ,i think as intelligent1 as some of the other breeds1 though there are exceptions and ,i have seen specimens of these varieties1 reared in out-door kennels and accustomed to exercising in the open1 winter and summer1 that proved to be hardy and as active as a sporting spaniel4 ,this is the exception rather than the rule1 however1 for many specimens will be encountered that are very poor movers4 ,the ,japanese ,spaniel at one time gave indications of becoming a very popular toy breed1 but was superseded by the ,pekes and ,poms4 ,no doubt much of this was due to the fact that the ,japs are not a particularly hardy breed1 they are more of the real lap-dog genus than most any of the toy varieties2 they lack in action and seem to be well content to lie in a basket of silk cushions most of their lives1 or preferably in the laps of their fond mistresses4 ,in appearance they resemble somewhat the ,english ,toy ,spaniels1 though less sprightly1 as a general thing4 ,the ,jap carries his tail or plume over his back while that of the toy spaniel is docked4 ,the color1 according to the standard1 may be black and white1 red and white1 or parti-colored4 ,the term red in this instance includes all shades of sable1 brindle1 lemon and orange1 but the brighter the colors the more desirable the specimen4 ,the white ground should be a pure chalk white1 not of the milky or creamy color often seen in other breeds4 ,at large shows the classification is divided under seven pounds and over seven pounds1 and it may be readily observed that a ,japanese spaniel under seven pounds will not make a very formidable guardian of the home4 ,the ,toy ,poodle1 while never taking the dog-world by storm1 has held his own for many years4 ,he is a very active dog1 inclined to be cross and snappy very frequently1 and therefore an uncertain equation with children1 but he is very keen and the slightest noise will attract his attention4 ,the standard calls for dogs under ten pounds in weight for the toy varieties1 though there is a large poodle1 which1 however1 does not come within the scope of this group4 ,the toy poodle1 while not as hardy as some breeds1 can nevertheless stand considerable hardships and when he is reared like his larger brethren and not petted and pampered until health and vitality are gone1 he is an easy dog to keep4 ,the greatest objection some have to him is1 that because his coat is white he is difficult to care for1 which to a certain extent1 is the truth4 ,his coat should be curly1 but wiry in texture4 ,in action the dog is quick1 proud and graceful4 ,the ,italian ,greyhound is another old breed2 in fact he is one of the oldest among the toys4 ,he is in every sense of the word1 a miniature greyhound and good specimens are extremely graceful4 ,because of his short coat and his generally slight appearance he is a dog that will not permit of much exposure1 though those who breed them say that the ,italian greyhound will stand the cold and the inclement winter of the north as well as any of the toy breeds1 which statement is rather doubtful4 ,for a clean1 neat dog about the house1 however1 he is very commendable4 ,in the matter of intelligence he does not grade up with some of the other varieties described1 although he is very alert and watchful4 ,the ,toy ,black and ,tan ,terrier is another breed that is rather difficult to rear1 although his short black and tan soft coat commends him as an indoor dog1 for he is clean at all times and only a slight brushing once a day will keep him in condition4 ,they have been breeding this variety so small that most of the specimens seen at the present time1 have become apple-headed and they are as lacking in intelligence as they are in appearance4 ,however1 a black and tan weighing over ten pounds makes an excellent dog1 many of them becoming keen ratters1 though it is to be understood that the small ones would not do for that purpose4 ,personally1 if ,i wished to have a black and tan at all1 ,i should take the ,manchester1 of which the toy black and tan is a miniature4 ,the breed is not very popular in this country or ,england at the present time4 ,among the toy terrier varieties must be included also1 the ,yorkshire1 the ,maltese and the kindred varieties4 ,these are very pretty specimens for the fancier of oddities1 but they require untold care to keep them in condition1 both as to coat and flesh1 hence the time spent upon them as house companions is scarcely worth the returns that one obtains4 ,the ,brussel ,griffon is another foreign dog that seemed to evoke considerable interest some years ago1 but this breed also is an oddity4 ,he is a monkey-faced1 hard-coated dog with the pronounced whisker and the general wire appearance of broken-coated terriers4 ,his weight ranges to nine pounds as the maximum for 8big0 dogs1 while for the smaller varieties1 it is six pounds4 ,it may readily be seen from this that the breed is more ornamental than useful1 but a livelier1 more active little dog cannot be imagined than this diminutive griffon whose place of origin is said to be ,belgium4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,schippercke1 ,,togo4 ,another ,belgian dog is the ,schippercke1 a terrier-like animal of about ten pounds in weight4 ,very fiery and quick to take offense1 he is not a suitable dog for children1 but as a watch dog he will give the alarm at the slightest noise2 furthermore1 he is not averse to backing up his bark with his bite4 ,he is a very faithful dog1 and once he becomes attached to one person or a family1 he will remain faithful unto death4 ,that is one of the features that appeals to most of us and one is apt to forgive his shortcomings4 ,very few kennels are now breeding this variety in ,america4 ,the dog is black in color1 with a wiry-like coat1 and a well pronounced mane4 ,his nose is sharp1 his eyes small and black and his ears erect4 ,the dog is a tailless variety2 although only a small percentage of the puppies are born with this mutilation4 ,the others have their tails removed1 or gouged out when they are quite young1 in fact this should be done before they leave their dam4 ,in selecting a puppy it is well to take one with not a show of white hair and see that the ears are small1 the back short1 the coat dense1 the eyes well set1 and showing that 8foxy0 expression which is so characteristic of this breed and the ,pomeranian4 ,the ,pug1 once a very popular breed1 has now practically gone out of vogue1 although indications point to its resuscitation4 ,the breed1 speaking in broad terms1 is not a particularly intelligent one1 though the dog's short coat1 his cleanly habits1 and his generally odd appearance stamped him one of the favorites of three decades ago1 and it is possible that he may return to favor once more4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,suitable ,breeds4 ,group ,two--,terriers4 ,the terrier family is a large one in all its ramifications1 and the embryo dog lover1 wishing to possess one of this variety will have a wide field to go over4 ,the terrier should have more action than the toy varieties and if it is possible1 a place should be provided where he can romp out of doors for at least two or three hours a day4 ,if that is not feasible1 then he must be taken to some park or open place where he can run and exercise1 for a terrier that is kept confined is as entirely out of his environment as a fish would be out of water4 ,illustration3 ,,kearn',s ,,lord ,,kitchener4 ,among the many breeds of terriers1 there are a number which enjoy equal popularity4 ,the ,boston ,terrier is the great ,american product2 he is strictly an evolution of this country and has grown in popularity in keeping with his qualities4 ,the ,boston is a clean1 well-knit dog of trappy appearance1 with a short head that is a mean between the bulldog and the terrier expression1 if such a thing can be4 ,he comes in various weights up to twenty five pounds1 and1 as a matter of fact1 one finds them going as high as thirty and thirty-five1 for the ,boston is a mixture and does not always throw true to type4 ,the present accepted dictum is1 however1 that the maximum weight should be twenty-five pounds4 ,at dog shows the weights are divided by classes under fifteen pounds1 fifteen pounds and under twenty1 twenty pounds and not exceeding twenty-five4 ,the demand for the smaller weights seems greatest1 but one finds more uniformity in the medium weights--that is1 from fifteen to twenty pounds4 ,the ,boston terrier may be good for no practical purposes1 but he is alert and will prove to be a fair guardian of the home4 ,the appeal with this dog is his absolute trimness1 his clean cut appearance1 and his short coat4 ,for people living in flats he is one of the most desirable dogs4 ,in purchasing one of this breed it is well to see the dog before paying the money4 ,while there are unscrupulous dealers of all breeds1 it seems that more irresponsible people have taken up the sale of this breed than any other4 ,i do not mean by this that there are not a large number of very responsible breeders1 but it is the dealer--the vendor of dogs--whose word cannot always be taken at face value1 therefore1 in buying any breed1 see that you are obtaining what you are paying for1 and in buying a ,boston1 be sure of it from every angle4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,smooth-,,coated ,,fox ,,terrier1 ,,ch4 ,,sabine ,,recruit4 ,fox ,terriers1 both wire-haired and smooth1 are also very popular in this country1 the former probably more so at the present time than the latter1 although the smooth is much more easily kept1 is just as keen and alert1 makes a varmint dog the equal of any1 and as a house companion has many advantages over his wire-haired cousin2 the latter is a beautiful dog when his coat is kept just right1 but if not1 he is an abomination4 ,incidentally it may be said that it is both a science and an art to keep the coats of any of the broken-haired varieties of terriers in good order4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,wire-,,haired ,,fox ,,terrier1 ,,ch4 ,,pride',s ,,hill ,,tweak ',,em4 ,in temperamental characteristics there is little difference1 if any1 between the smooth and the wire-haired varieties1 and if the dog is to be kept in the house mostly1 perhaps the former would prove more satisfactory4 ,prices of both of these varieties have been soaring here of late1 but this refers only to the show specimens4 ,it is always possible to procure a 8waster0 either because he does not conform to the show standard in the finer points1 is oversize1 or for some other reason4 ,the fox terrier1 as in fact practically all terriers1 except the toy varieties and possibly ,bostons1 are men's dogs1 and they can furnish considerable sport if they are trained on various kinds of 8varmints40 ,in this connection it might be said that they take to this class of work very readily1 as they have been specifically bred for this purpose since the earliest days4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,irish ,,terrier1 ,,celtic ,,demon4 ,the ,irish ,terrier1 is a wire-coated dog1 usually brick red or wheaten in color4 ,he is a handsome dog1 but like the wire-haired fox terrier1 his coat must be kept right4 ,for gameness1 there are few terriers his equal and he has been rightly named 8,daredevil40 ,the ,irish terrier is a trifle larger in size than the fox terrier4 ,he has all of that varminty look1 that fiery eye and alert expression1 indicative of the dog of quick action1 and furthermore1 he is a most intelligent animal and makes one of the best dogs for the home that may be imagined4 ,since the rise in popularity of some of the other smaller terrier breeds1 the ,irish has fallen somewhat in the estimation of the fanciers1 but those who have bred him for years and have a specimen or two about would not part with the fiery ,irishman for all of the other terriers combined4 ,the ,irish terrier answers in many respects the call for an all-purpose dog1 except that he is not so large as the ,airedale and therefore could not hold his own in fighting big game1 though for his inches1 no better dog ever lived1 and ,i have1 on one or two occasions1 seen ,irish terriers in bear packs which proved to be just as valuable as some of the larger breeds2 they were certainly just as game1 and being very quick and shifty1 they could do considerable damage and still come away uninjured1 where a larger dog might suffer the consequences of his temerity4 ,the ,irish terrier is essentially the dog for those who do not care to keep an ,airedale1 but want one as game and as fearless as any dog that lives4 ,still another breed that comes between the small terriers and the ,airedale is the ,welsh ,terrier4 ,a dog that in many points resembles the ,airedale1 particularly in texture and color of coat1 although the head is of somewhat different formation4 ,welsh terriers never became common in this country4 ,possibly because of the rapid rise of the ,airedale and partly because he was not exploited like some of the other breeds4 ,for the person wanting but one dog1 however1 the ,welsh terrier is an excellent companion1 a good watch dog with all the terrier proclivities1 such as going to earth for game1 and just as keen on rats and other small furred animals as the other varieties4 ,to the uninitiated the ,welsh terrier is a miniature ,airedale4 ,in height he should be about sixteen inches1 but should not have the appearance of being leggy1 nor on the other hand1 of standing too low on the leg4 ,the markings--that is1 color and coat1 are similar to the ,airedale2 black or grizzle saddle1 with tan head1 legs and underbody4 ,like in ,airedales1 the rich deep tan and jet black bodies are most admired4 ,his average weight should be about twenty-two pounds1 though a pound one way or the other is not a handicap4 ,while white is not desirable1 a small spot on the breast or toes does not disqualify4 ,a dog that attracted quite a bit of attention at the ,new ,york show of #aibb1 was the ,kerry ,blue ,terrier4 ,there were only half a dozen specimens of the breed shown and as far as this country is concerned1 it is a new variety1 although it is said that it is one of the oldest of ,irish breeds4 ,the dog is essentially an ,irish terrier in a blue-gray wire coat4 ,it is said that the modern brick colored or wheaten ,irish terrier is descended from the ,kerry blue and that by generations of selection in breeding the red coats were finally obtained1 but it seems that fashion is again going back to the original colors and that is how it transpires that the ,kerry blues are coming into vogue4 ,this terrier has all the good qualities of the more modern reds4 ,to the dog lover wishing to own a dog that is somewhat out of the ordinary1 the ,kerry blue will appeal1 though owing to the present scarcity1 it is quite likely that prices will run high4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,west ,,highland ,,white ,,terrier1 ,,morova4 ,a very desirable small terrier which came into vogue twelve or fifteen years ago1 is the ,west ,highland ,white ,terrier1 one of the border varieties said to be of ancient origin1 but brought to his present perfection by scientific breeding and selection4 ,the general appearance of the ,west ,highland white terrier1 as we know the breed today1 is that of a small1 game1 hardy-looking terrier1 possessed of considerable self esteem1 and like all good terriers1 has that 8varminty0 appearance that is such a distinguishing mark of this group of dogs4 ,he is a stockily built animal1 showing strength from every angle1 short legs1 deep in the chest1 with ribs extending well to the powerful loin2 very strong in quarters and in fact1 with all of his strength1 he impresses one as having considerable activity1 which he really has1 for there is no quicker and more nimble terrier on four feet than the ,west ,highlander when it comes to a fight with rats or other 8varmints10 even much larger4 ,the color of the ,west ,highlander is pure white2 any other color1 the creamy or grey shade1 is objectionable4 ,the coat is also very important and fanciers of the breed are more particular about this feature than any other4 ,as a matter of fact1 a coat that meets with the perfection that the standard calls for1 is rare indeed4 ,we hear much of the so-called double-coat1 but in this breed it is demanded4 ,the outer coat consists of harsh hair1 about two inches long and absolutely free from curl4 ,the under coat1 which resembles fur1 is short1 soft and close4 ,it is a real weather-resisting jacket such as we want on ,airedales and various other wire-coated terriers1 but which is found so seldom1 even in this variety4 ,the ,west ,highlander weighs from twelve to eighteen pounds2 bitches usually ranging from the minimum figure to sixteen pounds1 while the dogs average about two pounds more to the maximum weight4 ,in height they measure from eight to twelve inches at the shoulder4 ,for the prospective owner1 who does not object to white dogs nor to the long coat1 the ,west ,highlander white terrier will make an excellent companion1 though his comparative scarcity will probably keep the prices at a high figure for some time to come4 ,a near relative to the ,west ,highlander is the ,cairn ,terrier1 a dog of similar size and characteristics of the other ,scottish varieties4 ,the dog is not very popular at this date1 but being a newly cultivated1 though an old breed1 the prices are still prohibitive4 ,in all essentials1 however1 the ,cairn terrier will fill the same place as any of the small terriers4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,scottish ,,terrier1 ,,ch4 ,,the ,,laird4 ,the ever popular ,scottish ,terrier1 or ,scottie1 as he is more affectionately called1 is virtually one of the near relatives of the two breeds just described4 ,he has been long and slow in coming to his own in this country1 but having once attained a foothold in ,america he is likely to retain his place when many of the creations of faddists are forgotten4 ,he has been becoming more popular every year as a show dog1 though he never will attain the popularity accorded some of the other terrier breeds4 ,what is more significant1 however1 he is rapidly making himself more and more endeared to the one-dog owner4 ,as a companion about the premises1 the house or the stables1 the ,scottie is par excellence4 ,a first class vermin dog1 an alert watchman and game to the core1 the ,scottie will indeed fill the requirements of anyone wishing to own one small dog1 for size and all other conditions must sometimes be taken into consideration4 ,the general appearance of the ,scottie is that of a sharp1 bright1 active dog4 ,his expression is his distinguishing mark1 for he is always on the qui vive1 ready1 as it were1 8for something to turn up40 ,the head is carried well up4 ,he appears to be higher on the leg than he really is2 this is due to his short1 wiry coat1 which is like bristles1 and about two inches long all over the body4 ,he has a compact appearance1 nevertheless1 his legs seem to be endowed with almost an abnormal amount of bone4 ,his back is short1 his ribs well sprung1 his loin and quarters well filled up and in every essential1 he is powerfully put together4 ,he carries his ears erect and they are always alert4 ,his eyes are small and of a very dark hazel color1 his tail1 which is never docked1 is about seven inches long and is carried with a slight upward bend1 which under excitement is apt to be carried still more gaily4 ,in height he should be from nine to twelve inches and in weight the maximum is twenty pounds4 ,dogs going over that are considered too large4 ,of recent years this breed has been becoming more popular in all parts of the country and at the present time good specimens may be bought at a very reasonable figure2 that is1 puppies at weaning age1 or a little later4 ,naturally1 more matured dogs1 with the earmarks of becoming bench show flyers would still command a price that the average one-dog owner would not care to pay for a mere home companion4 ,the breed is very intelligent and easily broken to all the natural pursuits of the terrier4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sealyham ,,terrier1 ,,barberryhill ,,gin ,,rickey4 ,the ,sealyham ,terrier is another breed that has come into popularity recently1 and with an active club here in ,america to foster it1 it has made rapid strides during the past four or five years4 ,in the eyes of the tyro he is a short-legged1 over-weighted wire-haired fox terrier1 although the standard emphasizes the fact that he should not resemble the latter breed either in character1 expression or shape and such resemblance 8should be heavily penalized40 ,as a matter of fact1 in head properties there is nothing to indicate the fox terrier in a ,sealyham of correct type4 ,his head is of a different formation4 ,the skull is wide between the ears and as the dog is describes as being the ideal combination of the ,dandie ,dinmont and the bull terrier of twenty pounds in weight1 this skull formation is supposed to be the mien between the two4 ,it is slightly domed and rounded1 with practically no stop and a slight indentation running down between the brows4 ,the jaws are long1 powerful and level1 much wider and heavier than in the fox terrier4 ,the nose is black and the nostrils wide apart4 ,the ears are of medium size and set low1 carried closely against the cheek1 which characteristic is insisted upon since a forward ear carriage would resemble a fox terrier too much4 ,the coat is dense and wiry2 longer than that in which the wire-haired fox terrier is usually shown1 and it should be especially profuse on head1 neck and throat4 ,the body is compact and the tail is docked and must be carried gaily4 ,the color should be a white ground although patches of lemon1 tan1 brindle or badger-pied markings are permissible on head and ears1 though black spots are objectionable and while they do not absolutely disqualify1 dogs with such markings should be severely penalized4 ,the size of the dogs should be from nine to twelve inches and bitches slightly less4 ,weight in this breed is not any particular criterion and very frequently a ten-inch dog may be so compactly and sturdily built that he might weigh twenty-four pounds1 while a larger one of rangier type could easily go considerably less4 ,the ,sealyham's sphere is similar to that of the other short-legged terrier breeds2 indeed1 there are so many dogs of similar characteristics that the question has frequently been asked1 8,why is a ,sealyham80 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,dandy ,,dinmont ,,terrier1 ,,ch4 ,,blacket1 ,,jr4 ,the ,dandie ,dinmont antedates the ,sealyham by many years and is a dog which became famous in literature4 ,it will be remembered by those who read ,walter ,scott that the hero for which the breed was named is ,dandie ,dinmont1 one of the noted personages in 8,guy ,mannering40 ,the quaint character is well drawn in this novel of ,sir ,walter1 but his dogs1 ,mustard and ,pepper1 and ,old ,mustard and ,old ,pepper1 etc41 are even more minutely described4 ,no doubt at that time this type of terrier was quite common in the border country1 but it remained for dog fanciers to fix the name upon this particular variety4 ,the size of the ,dandie is eight to eleven inches at the shoulder and the length of the dog measuring from the top of the shoulder to the root of the tail should not be more than twice the dog's height1 preferably one or two inches less4 ,weight ranges from fourteen to twenty-four pounds1 but the ideal weight is about eighteen pounds4 ,these weights are estimated for dogs that are in good working condition4 ,the color is mustard and pepper and it was because of these uniform and pronounced colors that the quaint farmer in ,scott's novel could not get away from the names2 all of them1 as previously said1 were ,mustards and ,peppers1 either young or old4 ,the pepper in the present-day ,dandie ,dinmont ranges from dark bluish to a silvery grey1 but the intermediate shades are preferred4 ,the ,mustards vary from reddish brown to a pale fawn1 the head being a creamy white4 ,nearly all specimens have a patch of white on the breast4 ,the coat is the important point1 and characterizes the ,dandie ,dinmont4 ,the hair should be about two inches long2 that from the skull to the root of the tail1 a mixture of hard and soft hair1 which gives a crisp feel to the hand1 but the hard hair should not be wiry as in most broken-haired terriers2 the coat is in every sense of the word what is called piley4 ,the hair on the under part of the body is softer and lighter in color than on top4 ,the skin on the under body should accord with the color of the dog4 ,the ,dandie ,dinmont is an odd looking creature1 but game to the core and a vermin dog4 ,he is also an excellent watch dog and does not hesitate to attack an intruder who might presume to trespass upon his master's domain4 ,to those who want a rather out of the ordinary looking dog the ,dandie ,dinmont will be the answer1 for he will not only attract attention1 but also fill every requirement4 ,the ,bedlington is coated very much like the ,dandie ,dinmont1 but stands up higher on the leg4 ,he is described as the smartest1 the largest and the gamest of the ,english terriers1 but this was before the advent of the ,airedale4 ,his height is from fifteen to sixteen inches at shoulder1 his back is slightly arched1 while the dogs average in weight about twenty-four pounds1 the bitches going slightly less4 ,the origin of this dog is said to be in crosses in which the ,dandie ,dinmont and probably the otter hound might have figured4 ,in this respect he approaches the ,airedale in his early history4 ,the ,bedlington never became popular in this country and as a matter of fact1 even in ,england he is not found in great numbers4 ,illustration3 ,,war ,,chief ,,of ,,davishill4 ,the ,airedale is the largest of the terrier varieties4 ,indeed1 he is such a large dog that he does not really belong in that class1 for while possessing most of all the other terrier attributes1 he does not go to earth for his quarry and this1 in the strictest sense is what all terriers are supposed to do4 ,be that as it may1 the ,airedale has become the most popular of allround dogs1 not only here in ,america1 but in every part of the world4 ,whether or not too much 8refinement0 in breeding this dog for bench show purposes will eventually ruin him for the allround utility dog that he is1 still remains a mooted question1 but one thing is quite certain2 he has found a place in the hearts of sportsmen and this class will always breed types which will retain their usefulness1 hence the history of this breed here in ,america may eventually parallel that of the ,english setter1 in that there are two types--one for actual use1 the other for show only4 ,it seems assured1 however1 that the useful ,airedale and the fined-down show dog are growing wider apart each year4 ,the reader who is especially interested in the ,airedale1 is referred to my previous book1 8,the ,airedale for ,work and ,show40 ,the ,bull ,terrier1 a smooth coated white dog1 makes an attractive animal for the premises4 ,he may not be so certain as a companion for children unless brought up in their company from puppyhood1 but he is a good vermin dog and also a watchful guardian of the home4 ,a pure bred white bull terrier without the admixture of bulldog blood like one finds so many among the brindled varieties1 commands a good price1 but he is worth the money4 ,because of his pure white color he may not be so easily kept immaculately clean1 but having a short coat1 he is easily washed and in his case frequent bathing can do little or no harm1 which cannot be said of a number of breeds4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,suitable ,breeds4 ,group ,three--,medium-,sized ,dogs4 ,as with the terrier varieties1 there is a wide field for selection among the medium-sized dogs1 both sporting and non-sporting2 consequently much depends upon what the dog is intended for4 ,if any of the members of the household are inclined to sports afield1 then one of the many varieties of spaniels would make a suitable house companion1 for aside from being an alert watch dog1 he is a natural all round hunter and is equally good on upland game as on water fowl4 ,spaniels make excellent retrievers1 very good grouse and quail dogs where the mere questing for and finding of game is desired1 but naturally the dog should be educated for the purpose4 ,unlike the pointer1 the setter1 or the griffon1 the spaniel does not point1 but finds the game and flushes it in front of the sportsman2 in view of this fact he must be trained to quest within gun range4 ,this1 however1 is easily taught the spaniel1 for all of the many varieties are intelligent animals and therefore easily educated4 ,a spaniel makes an excellent dog for ladies who enjoy field shooting1 for the reason that he is so much more easily handled than any of the bird dog varieties1 and peculiarly amenable to the gentler sex4 ,as a guardian of the home the spaniel might not strike terror to the hearts of unwelcome intruders1 like some of the terrier or other breeds1 but they are good watch dogs1 quick to give the alarm upon the approach of strangers1 and besides1 they are very docile and cleanly about the premises4 ,there may be some objection to the long coat1 on the ground that if the animal is shedding1 he is prone to leave stray hairs on rugs and furniture1 but in this connection it might be said that daily grooming will ameliorate this evil to a great extent1 for after all is said1 a dog that is allowed to frequent the house even during only a small part of the day1 must be kept clean whether he is a long or a short-haired one4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,cocker ,,spaniel1 ,,champion ,,obo ,,ii4 ,of the many varieties of spaniel1 the ,cocker is the most popular4 ,they come in all colors2 solid blacks1 reds1 creams1 orange and browns1 but if of the latter color1 it should be of a rich liver and not the washed out shades which sometimes crop out in a litter4 ,these off-color ones should be eschewed if one wishes to conform to the standard4 ,neither should the whole-colored dogs have white on them1 but a strip of this color on the chest1 while objectionable1 should not disqualify4 ,the parti-colors are also very handsome animals4 ,these are white and black1 liver and white1 orange and white1 cream and white1 and roans2 either blue or red4 ,the standard weight calls for cockers ranging from eighteen to twenty-four pounds4 ,here of late it has become fashionable to breed them down to the minimum weight1 but this is almost making toys of what was once considered one of the principal sporting breeds4 ,if the prospective purchaser intends to use his dog for sporting purposes he is advised to select one from stock that will come nearer reaching the maximum rather than the minimum weight1 for the eighteen pound cocker is entirely too small for utility purposes4 ,as a matter of fact1 some years ago twenty-eight pounds was the standard maximum weight of working cockers which is really more logical in a dog that is intended for field work4 ,at all events1 it is better to have a cocker over1 than under the weight allowed by the standard1 if one expects to make use of him afield4 ,the cocker should be a neat-headed1 wide-awake1 serviceable looking little dog1 with rather large dark eyes and an intelligent expression4 ,he should stand on strong1 well-boned1 but short legs absolutely straight in front1 with well bent stifles behind4 ,his quarters should be muscular and powerful1 especially when viewed from behind2 short in body when viewed from above1 yet standing over considerable ground4 ,he should1 in short1 give one the impression of a massive little dog1 yet at the same time1 he must have considerable speed and endurance4 ,the coat is flat or slightly wavy1 silky and very dense1 with ample feather on legs and his feet should also be well supplied with hair1 but the coat should never be curly4 ,the stern is usually docked to a length of about two or three inches4 ,this should be carried just below the level of the back and when the dog is working or animated1 its action should be merry1 but never carried gaily4 ,the ,field ,spaniel may be described as a larger edition of the cocker2 longer and lower in body in proportion to his general make-up1 but a well-knit1 massive dog1 the males weighing from thirty-seven to forty-five pounds1 the bitches about five pounds less4 ,the true field spaniel is always black1 though his near kin is the springer which comes in parti-colors also4 ,there are various strains of the springer spaniel1 as for instance the ,welsh and the ,english1 but in all essentials they are identical4 ,the difference between the springer and the field spaniel is that the former is usually shorter in body and higher on the leg4 ,in the matter of intelligence he is fully the equal of the cocker or the field spaniel and for field work he is probably the most practical of the three1 especially when it comes to retrieving waterfowl4 ,the ,clumber ,spaniel is the largest of the land spaniels1 the weight in males ranging from fifty-five to sixty-five pounds1 the females from thirty-five to fifty pounds4 ,he is a strong1 sturdy1 compact dog1 with profuse coat1 but a smaller ear of the ,v-shaped variety4 ,in color he must always be white and lemon or white and orange1 ticks on the head or fore legs add to his beauty4 ,he should have few1 if any markings on his body4 ,this variety is not very numerous in this country1 though in many parts of ,england he is used quite regularly as a sporting dog4 ,the ,sussex is another variety of the large land spaniels1 smaller1 however1 than the ,clumber1 weighing from thirty-five to forty-five pounds4 ,in color he is a rich golden liver4 ,in this country he is practically unknown1 but he is numbered as among the oldest of breeds in ,england4 ,the ,irish ,water ,spaniel scarcely comes within the province of this book4 ,he is a large dog1 standing well up on the leg4 ,it is said that he is a cross between the ,irish setter and the large poodle1 but this may be all conjecture4 ,at all events he stands as high at the shoulder as an ,irish setter4 ,in color he is liver2 any white except on chest or toes1 disqualifies4 ,his coat is a mass of short curls back to his tail which should be entirely free from feather4 ,on his skull he has a well-defined top-knot2 indeed1 this is one of the distinguishing marks of the breed4 ,as a house dog he is almost too large though for wild fowl retrieving under any and all weather conditions1 he is par excellence4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,chow1 ,,lord ,,chumley4 ,among the non-sporting medium-sized breeds1 the ,chow ,chow stands preeminently to the forefront4 ,he is a ,chinese breed1 like the ,pekingese1 and considering that he breeds very true to type1 it is possible that he is of more ancient origin than many of our much lauded 8pure breeds0 of ,england4 ,the chow is given credit for being a very intelligent animal2 he is a good house dog and a faithful companion4 ,in size he is about like the old-fashioned ,spitz dog from which the ,pomeranian is descended4 ,in color he should be either black1 red1 yellow1 blue1 or white1 but the shade should run uniform except that the underpart of the tail and inside of thighs are frequently of a lighter shade4 ,he carries his tail curled over his back2 his coat should be abundant1 dense1 straight and somewhat coarse in texture1 with a soft1 wooly undercoat4 ,his ears are carried erect4 ,he has a rather peculiar sour expression and his eyes are dark and small in all but the blues1 in which a light color is permissible4 ,one of the distinguishing features of a chow is his tongue1 which in pure specimens is blue-black4 ,his nose should also be black1 large and wide4 ,the chow became popular about a quarter of a century ago1 then for a time the interest lagged1 but of late years his popularity seems to be increasing once more4 ,the dog is perhaps among what one might call the high-priced varieties1 but it is always possible to buy a 8waster0 which will answer the same purpose for a companion as the perfect show dog4 ,a breeder of chows once said to me3 8,this breed has all the oriental mysticism about it that one finds in everything that comes from the ,far ,east2 they seem to know what you are thinking about and at times1 as they lie there on the rug1 one imagines they are actually going to speak and tell you what they have on their minds4 ,but once your friend1 a chow is always your friend40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,french ,,bulldog1 ,,ch4 ,,gugusse1 ,,jr4 ,the ,french ,bulldog is another breed that has come into great popularity during the past fifteen years1 especially among the ladies4 ,as far as his actual usefulness is concerned1 we cannot say much1 although his admirers might probably take one to task if this statement were made in their presence4 ,he makes a delightful companion1 smooth of coat and clean in his habits4 ,for the house he is probably one of the most desirable breeds among the many1 even though his real utility might be questioned4 ,however that may be1 the dog is popular and good specimens command high prices4 ,in appearance the ,french bulldog resembles the ,boston in many respects--that is1 a ,boston of the heavier type and with uncut ears1 but he is more muscular and substantial in appearance4 ,his ears must be of the pronounced 8bat0 variety2 his head1 large1 square and broad2 skull almost flat2 the underjaw1 like the ,english bulldog1 is large1 powerful1 and undershot1 with the muzzle well laid back and the muscles of the cheeks fully developed4 ,the tail should be either straight or screwed 7but not curly7 short1 and hung low4 ,the eyes are wide apart set low down in the skull1 as far away from the ears as possible4 ,back must be short1 the chest broad1 the forelegs straight and muscular and wide apart1 while the hind legs should correspond in the matter indicating strength4 ,the ,french bulldog standard calls for two weights2 dogs under twenty-two pounds and those of twenty-two pounds and not exceeding twenty-eight4 ,the colors are any shade of brindle1 though the darker the better4 ,the novice looking for a good specimen1 however1 should be careful about the absolute disqualifying points as for instance1 other than bat ears1 any mutilation1 solid black1 black and white1 black and tan1 liver and mouse color1 eyes of different color 7as they will come sometimes71 nose other than black and hare lip1 which is also a fault that frequently crops up and many unscrupulous breeders are apt to foist such undesirable specimens upon the unsuspecting novice who might be none the wiser4 ,the ,english ,bulldog is another of the 8manufactured breeds0 so grotesquely ugly that he is beautiful in the eyes of some4 ,the bulldog will attract attention anywhere1 but as to his sphere of usefulness in these days of his grotesque appearance1 there is always room for doubt4 ,there was once a time when the bulldog was a shifty and useful animal1 but as he is at present bred1 this quality has1 to a great extent disappeared with his 8improvement10 although his admirers will claim stoutly that he is a good watch dog and quite intelligent4 ,his very artificiality makes him a dog which is difficult to rear1 being susceptible to various diseases to a much greater degree than most of the more normal breeds4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,badger ,,bitch ,,bertha ,,von ,,stromberg4 ,this breed was formerly known as the dachshund4 ,everyone1 even he who is only remotely interested in dogs1 knows the ,badger ,dog1 if not under this name1 at least under his old appellation of dachshund1 by which he was known up to the time of the ,world ,war when his ,teutonic origin was expediently disguised under the name that he now bears4 ,owing to his length of body and his abbreviated legs he has always been known as the original 8sausage0 dog1 for his length of body is several times his inches in height1 which should be1 at shoulder1 only from #g-a_/h to #h-a_/e inches4 ,the weight is divided at bench shows1 as for instance1 dogs under sixteen and one-half pounds1 bitches under fifteen and one-half pounds4 ,middleweights from the maximum lightweight division to twenty-two pounds4 ,heavyweights1 dogs and bitches over twenty-two pounds4 ,the badger dog1 while not classified among the terriers1 has the characteristics of that family1 for he goes to ground for his quarry1 and in every other way shows his terrier characteristics4 ,on the other hand1 he is also a fairly good trailer and1 like the beagle1 will hunt rabbits4 ,as a house companion he is intelligent and cleanly2 his short1 satiny coat fitting him eminently for a ladies' dog4 ,the breed comes in a variety of colors3 black and tan1 all tan1 all red1 yellowish red and spotted in various shades4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,beagle ,,hound ,,ch4 ,,imported ,,cruiser4 ,the ,beagle1 while not to be considered a house dog1 is small and may be kept very nicely in a small place1 provided he is allowed to run and exercise in the open every day and is given the opportunity to hunt his favorite game--rabbits--frequently4 ,as a keen-nosed dog for his own sphere he has no equal1 and having been bred for years with this sole purpose in view1 his intelligence is concentrated along these lines and not toward making him an allround home companion1 but given the opportunity and the human companionship1 his intelligence may be improved to a wonderful degree4 ,the beagle is in every sense of the word a miniature foxhound1 ranging in height from nine to fifteen inches which is the maximum2 dogs over this height are disqualified at bench shows and beagle trials4 ,the classification in vogue at the present time is dogs thirteen inches and under1 and dogs over thirteen and not over fifteen inches4 ,the ,whippet1 which is a miniature ,english greyhound1 is a neat1 cleanly dog1 not perhaps a desirable companion when all essentials of an intelligent dog are taken into consideration1 but he is a trim animal1 very distinguished in appearance1 and short of coat1 hence he is worth considering on this account1 if for no other4 ,at the present time the whippet is coming into greater popularity1 mainly because of the fact that bench show clubs are giving him ample classification and further1 because as a racing dog he has gained quite a vogue in some parts of the country4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,curly ,,poodle1 ,,ch4 ,,orchard ,,minstrel ,among the many intelligent non-sporting dogs is the ,large ,poodle1 a dog somewhat larger than the chow4 ,he is in every sense of the word a larger edition of the toy poodle1 but a much more useful dog because of his size and superior intelligence4 ,the poodle is one of the most readily trained dogs in existence today4 ,as a trick dog he has no equals and he may be broken to retrieve from land and water with the same facility as any of the sporting retrievers or spaniels4 ,there are two varieties of the poodle2 the corded and the curly4 ,the latter is the more common and also the more practical1 for the corded poodle's coat is the most difficult of any among the canine race1 to care for4 ,the hair on the latter hangs from the dog in long rope-like strands1 almost touching the ground and unless it is given daily attention it is likely to become matted and soiled4 ,the corded poodle is covered with short curls all over his body4 ,it is customary to clip them about one-third2 that is1 the coat is left on head1 neck and front1 extending well back of the shoulders while the loin1 hips and back legs are closely clipped1 leaving a tuft here and there and on the end of the docked tail4 ,a well cared for poodle makes a unique appearance4 ,the breed comes in all black1 all white1 all blue and all red4 ,the colors should be solid--that is1 on blacks there should be no white and vice versa4 ,a breed that promised to come into popularity some years ago is the foreign born ,samoyede4 ,although it is not so many years ago that this breed lived in a semi-wild state in ,siberia where reclaimed specimens were used for hunting bear1 and by the natives of ,lapland1 he was used for rounding up tame elk4 ,the samoyede is peculiarly amenable to civilization and the companionship of human beings4 ,fifteen or twenty years ago the breed was seen in fairly large numbers on the show benches of this country and ,england4 ,after that there came a lull1 but of late he seems to be gaining in popularity4 ,in the far north he was used as a sledge dog like the husky and other arctic breeds4 ,the dog is long-coated and in many respects resembles the ,spitz1 though he is larger than the average of those specimens4 ,he may not be the ideal dog to have about in the home where there are children as he is of uncertain temperament1 but he is a rather unusual looking animal for which reason he has gained a certain amount of notoriety4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,doberman ,,pinscher ,,ch4 ,,betel ,,doberman4 ,the ,doberman ,pinscher1 which is really a terrier possessing characteristics of the ,airedale1 is another dog which1 when he once becomes fully known and appreciated for his sterling qualities1 will become a more general home favorite4 ,he is smooth coated1 prick-eared and black and tan in color1 weighing in the neighborhood of thirty-five to forty pounds4 ,he is very intelligent and is as easily taught to perform the duties of an allround 8varmint dog0 as any breed in existence4 ,as a police dog he is said to be even more readily trained than the breed which is supposed to be a specialist in that sphere--namely the shepherd dog--until lately known as the ,german or ,belgian shepherd dog4 ,while on the subject of the latter breed1 it might be said in passing1 that this dog is gaining in popularity each year4 ,he is said to be intelligent1 in fact he is easily trained1 but here also is a breed which is somewhat uncertain in temper despite the stories to the contrary4 ,as a watch dog he cannot be surpassed4 ,for those having country estates or large enough out-door space1 this dog is a very desirable one1 but it is scarcely possible to keep one of these in limited quarters4 ,the same may be said of any of the larger breeds1 and as this book is devoted to the dogs that are suitable for the large towns and cities we shall refer the aspiring fancier who is bent upon going in for the large dogs to procure a copy of 8,dogcraft10 a former work of mine which gives the standards of all breeds1 large and small4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,housing ,problems4 ,the proper housing of a dog is one of the important1 if not the most important questions in dog keeping4 ,we are assuming that the budding dog fancier has decided upon what breed he wants to own and has found an individual to his liking4 ,perhaps the purchase has been made and he has brought his canine acquisition home to find that he has never given the question of housing him any thought4 ,under such circumstances he is in a dilemma4 ,his new charge is like a white elephant on his hands4 ,naturally1 if the dog is still a young puppy some make-shift arrangement may be made1 perhaps in some odd corner of the house1 but it must be remembered that all puppies1 aside from the fact that they are not house-broken are also a nuisance in many other ways1 for they have a special predilection for the master's slippers or some article of wearing apparel belonging to the mistress of the house1 and they take special delight in tearing such things to pieces for the mere amusement of the thing and because they must have an outlet for their excess of energy4 ,another chapter will be devoted to the early training lessons1 so let us1 therefore1 in this chapter1 take up the question of sleeping quarters and a playground for the youngster4 ,where the dog is a medium-sized one1 or a toy1 perhaps1 it will not be necessary to provide out-door quarters except for exercising1 and therefore1 an arrangement may be made for the new dog to occupy a place in the kitchen or basement1 but it must be a place where he will learn to go either for the night or during the day time when he wishes a quiet nap all to himself4 ,personally1 ,i am no advocate for keeping a dog in the house night and day4 ,it is true1 many dog lovers do this and when the breed is no larger than say1 a fox terrier or even a chow1 the arrangement may be satisfactory enough1 but never1 under any circumstance1 allow a dog to have the run of the house at all hours of the day or night4 ,if you have decided to allow him to sleep in the house1 provide a box or basket large enough for the purpose4 ,put this in some corner in the kitchen or even in the basement1 though unless this latter place is absolutely dry and subject to ventilation1 it is not a desirable place for sleeping quarters4 ,in providing a sleeping place1 whether it be basket1 box or bench1 it should be raised several inches above the floor4 ,this is to obviate draughts which are sure to prevail in cold weather1 for no matter how tight a door may fit there is always a certain amount of cold air blowing in through the crevice at the bottom1 and incidentally1 this is one of the most frequent causes for colds1 catarrh or even pneumonia4 ,if you have your doubts about it1 try sleeping upon the floor on a cold night yourself4 ,if the dog be a toy breed1 a shallow basket provided with a pillow filled with pine of cedar shavings1 or pine needles is a most suitable bed4 ,the pillow should be covered with some coarse1 heavy material that will not tear easily and should be a covering that goes over the pillow proper2 the material inside whether shavings or pine needles should be encased in another cover4 ,the idea being that the outer covering can be removed and washed frequently1 for no matter how clean a dog may be1 the canine smell will in time permeate the cover and it must be changed and washed at least once every two weeks if absolute cleanliness is desired4 ,for most of the larger breeds1 a carpet or rug will be sufficient bedding4 ,loose bedding1 such as shavings or straw is not to be thought of in the house4 ,the box or basket provided for the bed should be large enough to permit the dog to lie at his ease4 ,if a box is used1 the better plan is to remove one side with the exception of a small strip at the bottom to hold the bedding in and of course1 the top should also be removed4 ,these sleeping boxes or baskets should be put out in the sun and air every week or so and when necessity demands1 they should be scrubbed with warm soap water1 to which a few drops of ,creolin-,pierson may be added4 ,this will keep the sleeping box clean and obviate any possibility of vermin1 for once fleas infest a place where a dog frequents1 then all thought of housing indoors must be abandoned4 ,far the better plan1 however1 is to provide sleeping quarters in the garage or stable1 especially for the larger breeds2 in fact1 all breeds except toys4 ,in cold weather these boxes may be closed on top and on all sides1 leaving only a small opening for entrance or exit4 ,the advantage of this being that such boxes can be filled with good1 clean straw in cold weather and there are very few dogs who cannot sleep comfortably and warmly in such a bed1 even when the mercury is down close to the zero mark4 ,terriers1 as a matter of fact1 are very hardy and will really do better in an out-building of this kind than in the house or basement4 ,naturally1 one must be governed according to circumstances and if the owner of a dog has no building on the premises1 part of which may be used for his pet's quarters he can build a small house out of doors and provide a runway in connection4 ,nearly all of the wire1 or long-haired breeds will do well in these out-door kennels the year round1 provided the bedding is warm1 the box free from draughts1 and a piece of carpet or burlap is tacked over the opening in the coldest of weather4 ,this should be arranged in such a way that it is loose on the sides and bottom1 so as to permit of easy entrance and exit4 ,in building an out-door house for the dog it is well to adopt more modern plans than the old-time 8dog house0 closed on top and all sides with the exception of the door in front4 ,this style has been in vogue and has answered the purpose for many a high-bred dog1 but if the owner wishes to have something more elaborate he might build a small house having a hallway or vestibule before reaching the sleeping quarters proper4 ,such a house must be built double the size of the ordinary one to allow for the extra 8room40 ,it should also be so constructed that it may be opened from the top1 either by supplying hinges to the roof which make it possible to raise either side1 or the roof may be so constructed that the entire top of the house can be lifted off4 ,this will permit of easy cleaning of the interior4 ,it is well to keep the interior whitewashed4 ,a coating of this every few months will aid very materially in keeping the place free from vermin4 ,when it is possible to provide a runway or small enclosure where the dog may exercise in at any time he desires1 it is far better than to chain him4 ,these runways can be constructed cheaply1 of heavy mesh wire4 ,in constructing this it must be with a view of making them high enough to prevent the dog from leaping or climbing over4 ,a good plan to adopt is to build the fence and then put another strip of wire mesh a foot or eighteen inches wide horizontally from the top of the posts1 allowing this to go on the inside1 thus even though the dog is inclined to jump or climb1 when he reaches the top of the fence1 this extra width of wire will prevent him from going over4 ,another precaution must be taken against burrowing out4 ,this is easily done by digging a trench and allowing the wire to go into the ground a foot or more1 then filling this trench up with stones or brick and covering with earth4 ,no dog will be able to dig under such a fence4 ,if a dog must be chained to his kennel1 as sometimes is the case1 he should be given at least two hours of freedom every day4 ,far the better way is to extend a wire close to the ground1 from the kennel to a post thirty or forty feet 7more if possible7 from this4 ,the post at the far end should be driven or planted in the ground1 allowing only enough above the surface to attach the wire to1 for dogs have a faculty of getting their chains twisted about a post that might be dangerous or even fatal to them4 ,a ring should be put on this wire to which the swivel of the chain may be attached4 ,this gives the animal a certain amount of freedom and exercise1 and it will soon become noticeable how he takes advantage of it4 ,it is needless to say that all kennels out of doors should be built of matched boards dove-tailed together so as to admit no draughts1 furthermore1 the kennel should be placed on a foundation or on piles several inches from the ground4 ,for more elaborate plans of kennels when more dogs are kept1 the reader is referred to an earlier work of mine entitled 8,practical ,dog ,keeping for the ,amateur40 ,,chapter ,v4 ,becoming ,acquainted--,early ,lessons4 ,while most any breed of dog under one year old will soon learn to adapt himself to new friends and environment1 and therefore no stipulated time is imperative as to what age he should be1 at the time of his purchase1 there is something about the wee youngsters of eight or ten weeks old that appeals to all1 and the general thing is to obtain your puppy shortly after he is weaned4 ,it is true1 there are some objections to this plan1 principally because a puppy of this tender age is still unbroken to the house and is also more susceptible to the ordinary ills that beset the young life of practically all canines1 but on the other hand1 there is something particularly interesting in a wee puppy and he will1 as a rule1 soon become the pet of the entire household4 ,as for the ills1 with ordinary care1 one can tide the youngster over these much more easily than the novice may imagine4 ,as a matter of fact1 ,i would rather begin with a twelve weeks old puppy and break him to cleanliness about the house than ,i would a dog of one year old1 for in a majority of cases1 when purchasing a puppy of the latter age1 you will be told that he is house-broken1 when as a matter of fact he is not1 consequently this education must begin at a rather late age4 ,another reason why the very young puppy is more satisfactory is because there is a greater interest in watching him develop physically as well as mentally2 therefore1 all things considered1 ,i would advise selecting your dog when he is still a mere baby2 which means under three months of age4 ,as for breed1 that is a matter to decide according to your own inclinations4 ,the young of all animals are interesting1 but this is particularly so of dogs1 irrespective of the breed4 ,even the veriest mongrel1 as a small puppy1 is a most engaging creature4 ,assuming that you have purchased your puppy and taken him home and he is one of those innocent-looking balls of fluffy hair from which a pair of sharp eyes protrude1 and short legs carry his wobbly body about4 ,is it not only natural that everyone of the household will make much over him1 if they are normal human beings8 ,it will be noted that even though this bit of dog flesh is still less than twelve weeks old1 how readily he will make up with them4 ,a young puppy1 still unaccustomed to the rebuffs of the world and the 8slings and arrows0 of canine fortune has confidence in all whom he encounters4 ,his perceptions are keen1 however1 and he will soon learn that there are some or at least one in the family to whom he may attach himself as his real master or mistress1 and therefore this should be the person to teach him his early knowledge of household etiquette4 ,it should be this person1 also1 who imposes upon himself or herself the duty of feeding the puppy4 ,of course this is not entirely essential1 but if it is left to one person1 it may be generally taken for granted that the youngster will be fed regularly and not too much4 ,when the entire household looks after the feeding1 the chances are that he will be too well cared for1 and too frequent feeding is one of the banes of dog-keeping4 ,an overabundance of food is more dangerous than too little1 although ,i am no advocate of the starvation plan4 ,the matter of feeding will be taken up in the next chapter1 so let us pass on to the puppy's early education4 ,in the first place1 if a secluded nook has been decided upon where he is to sleep nights1 he should be introduced to this the very first night4 ,to begin by pampering him is only deferring a duty that must be done sooner or later4 ,assuming that he has a basket or box in the kitchen1 the last thing before he is put to bed1 it is well to feed him4 ,at this early stage the last feed in the evening may consist of milk and bread1 or any of the puppy meals with milk poured over4 ,put him in his bed1 turn out the lights and leave him4 ,the chances are that he will not remain in his bed1 but come out and go near the door communicating with the other apartments of the house1 and whine4 ,go to him1 chide him and put him back in his bed1 commanding him to lie down4 ,this1 of course1 he will not understand at once and it is quite likely that for the first three or four nights he will make life hideous by his howling4 ,however1 it is surprising how soon he will learn that he must make the best of a new condition1 for to him it is an entirely new situation in life4 ,coming from his litter mates in a home where he has been accustomed to the association of his mother1 his brothers and sisters1 it is quite natural that the nostalgia1 or homesickness1 should oppress him4 ,be firm1 however1 and make him 8stay put0 not only the first night1 but every night and he will soon be broken of the night howling4 ,all dogs are naturally cleanly in their habits and it will be noticed that even very young puppies will go some distance away from their nests to obey the call of nature1 consequently when the puppy is brought into the home1 correct habits may soon be taught4 ,the principal care is to catch him in the act and then remove him summarily from the house4 ,if he persists1 a very slight tap or two and a word of reprimand as he is being banished may assist quite materially in making him understand4 ,some breeds are more easily broken than others4 ,i have found ,airedales and cocker spaniels very easy to break of uncleanly habits4 ,pointers and setters require more time1 but on the whole1 most of the medium-sized breeds can be broken very readily4 ,the new owner should not lose sight of the fact1 however1 that he must not be too severe4 ,firmness and prompt action are the principal requisites that must be kept in mind in breaking a puppy1 but brutality never succeeds4 ,one of the earliest lessons that any young dog should be taught is his name4 ,this should be chosen as early as possible and whenever the attention of the puppy is to be attracted1 he should be called by his name4 ,all puppies will come to most anyone who will play with them4 ,on such occasions it is well to give the youngster his first lessons4 ,call him to you1 using the name you have selected4 ,if he comes to you1 pet and fondle him1 repeating the name meanwhile1 and reward him with a choice morsel to eat4 ,thus1 in a very short time the dog will learn to come promptly when called4 ,teaching to whistle may be done in much the same manner1 either in a large room or in a yard4 ,blow the whistle when he is some distance from you and call his name immediately after4 ,he will be attracted1 but will come at the sound of his name and not the whistle4 ,by frequent repetition1 however1 he will soon learn to associate the blast of the whistle with the verbal command and come to you promptly1 especially if at first he is rewarded with the ever-present choice morsel4 ,if your dog happens to be a spaniel or one to be used as a sporting companion1 retrieving is an accomplishment which is a very excellent one4 ,any dog will run after a ball if it is thrown from him after his attention is first attracted4 ,if one begins when the pupil is still quite young he may be taught to become a perfect retriever through the 8,play ,method10 as described in my book1 8,the ,working ,dog and ,his ,education40 ,when the ball is thrown the command should be given to 8,fetch60 ,the puppy will get the ball nine times out of ten1 but he is likely to run away with it and toss it about in play4 ,he should be induced to bring it to you or you must go to him1 bring him to where you were standing when the ball was thrown and gently take it out of his mouth1 repeating the word 8,fetch60 ,as in the other lessons1 reward him with a bite to eat4 ,a little of this play every day will make him enjoy this pastime and in the end he will become a retriever4 ,he may also be taught to retrieve from water in the same manner1 although at first the ball should be thrown into the water only far enough so that the puppy need but get his feet wet in retrieving it4 ,it may be thrown out farther and farther as the pupil progresses and in the end he will enjoy this as much as land retrieving1 especially if he is a dog of the spaniel varieties4 ,airedales are also easily taught to become perfect retrievers4 ,another lesson which all dogs should learn is to remain at heel4 ,first it is necessary to teach them to lead4 ,put a collar on the puppy and allow it to remain a day or two before going further4 ,when he is accustomed to this1 attach the lead and call him to you4 ,he will likely pull back or buck jump a few times2 keep a tight line and allow him to go as far as he likes4 ,when he becomes passive1 call him to you and draw in the lead4 ,he may pull back or he may be frightened1 but pull him to you and then pet him and reward him with a bit to eat4 ,he will soon learn to lead4 ,after he once leads well then take him out with you on the street or in the park4 ,if he pulls ahead of you draw him back and give the command 8,heel60 ,he may remain behind for a moment1 but dart ahead again in a moment when he thinks you off guard4 ,check him up and put him back of you once more with the same command to 8,heel60 ,if he goes along in this manner1 fairly well after a few lessons1 you have accomplished the first step4 ,later it may be necessary to carry a light switch which should be used on every occasion when the dog attempts to forge ahead4 ,only a light tap on the nose is necessary1 but as it is given the command to heel should also be uttered4 ,in a short time the dog should be taken out without the cord and kept at heel1 but if he becomes unruly and does not remain in his position the lead should be immediately snapped into the ring of the collar and he should be given a few more lessons of the earlier kind4 ,eventually he will understand that he must remain behind his master until the command is given to 8,go60 or 8,hie on60 and this latter command he will obey without much teaching1 for it is the natural inclination of all dogs to run on ahead of their masters1 and they will be prompt to take advantage of the permission to do so4 ,for fuller lessons on breaking1 ,i would suggest that the reader procure a copy of my former book1 8,the ,working ,dog and ,his ,education40 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,the ,food ,question--,when to ,feed--,frequency of ,feeding--,water4 ,with but one dog in the household or on the premises1 the question of food is not a serious one4 ,the scraps from the table of a family of four should be sufficient to supply the entire ration of the dog1 although occasionally it is advisable to give him a change in the way of scraps of raw beef1 large1 soft bones to gnaw upon1 and by variety it might also be well1 say once a week1 to procure the meat or trimmings at your butcher's out of which a broth may be made4 ,this is always a wholesome diet1 especially if it is poured over stale bread1 dog biscuits or any of the bread stuffs that cannot be used on the table4 ,first of all let me disabuse the reader of the old theory that meat is injurious for the dog4 ,taking the race as a whole1 meat should form the principal diet4 ,the dog is a naturally carnivorous animal and even though he has been under domestication for thousands of years his organs of mastication and digestion have undergone only a very slight1 if indeed1 any change4 ,with this in mind1 the dog owner is enabled to feed intelligently4 ,naturally1 change of environment from his wild state has made conditions different2 he does not obtain the amount of exercise that his wild ancestors did1 ranging and roaming about the country in search of their daily sustenance1 consequently he cannot be fed entirely the same1 but nevertheless the idea which through some unknown way became prevalent years ago that meat is injurious to dogs and likely to cause disease is entirely erroneous4 ,the principal point to keep before one is the quantity of food and the frequency of feeding4 ,a dog which obtains considerable exercise in the way of hunting1 must have more meat than one that is exercised only an hour or two each day4 ,this is but natural2 the man whose profession keeps him indoors does not require the same substantial food of the one who labors in the fields all day1 and so it is with the dog4 ,ordinary intelligence should teach proper discretion in this respect4 ,table scraps usually consist of all the necessary concomitants to a good ration4 ,bits of meat1 bread crusts1 gravies1 vegetables1 etc41 all go to make up the waste from the table in any ordinary family4 ,bones1 if they are large ones1 may be fed1 but bones from fish1 poultry or small game should be eliminated if for no other reason but the possibility of their causing trouble in the intestinal canal4 ,if one does not believe what trouble this may produce let him take the leg bone of a chicken or lamb1 place them on a stone and strike them a sharp blow with a hammer4 ,he will see at once that they are crushed into a hundred tiny splinters4 ,one can readily imagine what havoc this may do if they should lodge in the stomach or intestines of a dog4 ,perhaps one might feed these bones to a dog throughout his entire life without ill results1 but on the other hand1 trouble might ensue1 hence to be on the safe side1 it is better to take no chances4 ,vegetables make a good bulk food1 but they should be fed very sparingly1 and then only in connection with the other food4 ,there is little nutriment in vegetables for a dog2 potatoes are of no value and are more harmful than beneficial and the idea that dogs must be fed garlic1 tomatoes1 onions and the like has been exploded long ago4 ,a very little of these in the regular food is passable1 but do not attempt to make a vegetarian of your dog4 ,corn meal1 in its place1 is well enough fed occasionally1 but as a regular food it is harmful1 especially in summer1 as it causes skin irritations1 because it is too heating4 ,oat meal is some better1 and rice1 perhaps1 the best of all1 but any of these foods should be fed only occasionally4 ,some breeds1 such as ,yorkshire terriers1 ,maltese and the like do very well with little meat and some say they should not have it at all1 but even this is questionable4 ,in large kennels it is well to cook one's own food or make a bread composed of unbolted wheat1 a little rice1 meat and a few well cooked vegetables1 the whole to be thoroughly cooked and then baked into a bread in a slow oven which will cook it through and through so that it will keep for a long time1 but the owner of one dog may as well dismiss this as unnecessary4 ,to summarize3 feed what the family table offers1 procure meat from your butcher occasionally1 for the broth and bones previously referred to1 and do not overlook the raw meat1 which should be shredded or chopped finely and fed three or four times a week in small quantities1 for young dogs1 but in larger portions for grown ones4 ,it is also well to obtain large bones with the meat still clinging to them4 ,dogs love to tear the meat from the bones and they also obtain considerable satisfaction in gnawing the bones4 ,even puppies three months old and under may be fed raw meat in small quantities to good advantage1 and from personal experience ,i have found that puppies thus fed will thrive better than those who obtain little or none of this kind of diet4 ,for very young puppies the natural diet is milk1 hence when you obtain your new dog1 assuming that he is three months old or under1 see that he obtains an abundance of this1 but do not compel him to live on a milk and bread diet entirely4 ,feed him a dish of this in the morning2 and it might be well to give him another small feed of this about ten o'clock1 then again at two and so on1 until he is fed about five times during the day1 but some of the meals should consist of broth and cooked meat1 with an occasional feed of raw flesh4 ,puppies1 as they grow older1 should be fed less often1 and at four months1 three meals a day are sufficient4 ,at this stage1 the first meal in the morning may consist of milk and stale bread1 but the following ones may be of table scraps or the broth made from the meat obtained from the butcher1 poured over stale bread of biscuits1 giving with the liquid also a sufficient quantity of the meat4 ,at a year old the dog may be fed as any older dog is fed4 ,the question of frequency of feeding matured dogs has been much discussed4 ,many kennels feed but once daily and that meal is given in the evening4 ,this should consist of as much in quantity as the dog will eat4 ,the more humane method for grown dogs1 however1 is to feed a light meal in the morning and the heavy one in the evening4 ,most dogs thrive well on this1 provided they obtain a sufficient amount of meat to keep their natural desire for flesh food satisfied4 ,the dog owner will soon learn how to use discretion in feeding and obtain best results1 but those who wish to go further into this food question are cited to my previous book1 8,practical ,dog ,keeping ,for the ,amateur40 ,as to water1 it must be borne in mind that the dog requires water at all times of the day or night and a vessel containing pure1 fresh water should always be accessible4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,exercise--,grooming--,washing4 ,while we all recognize the importance of good food as being conducive to a dog's well being1 many overlook the fact that exercise1 grooming and washing are almost equally essential4 ,this is particularly true of exercise4 ,no matter how well a dog is fed1 no matter what his care may be otherwise1 he will become sluggish and out of sorts if he is unable to obtain a sufficient amount of daily exercise and the more that falls to his lot1 the less liable is he to disease1 for it is a well-known fact among human beings that exercise is one of the essentials of life and by the same token this is so of the dog4 ,without exercise the animal will not assimilate his food and while the digestive organs will perform their functions for a long time1 eventually they will do so under protest1 for the food taken into the system is not properly oxidized1 drainage is impeded and the general sewerage system becomes faulty4 ,no drugs will regulate this condition of affairs effectively and in time the result of this sedentary life begins to show in the dog's eyes1 his coat1 and even his nerves4 ,mange and various eczematous diseases are also likely to appear1 and many other disorders are likely to follow4 ,consequently1 if one takes upon himself the responsibility of keeping a dog he must see to his exercise as religiously as he does to his food4 ,the question may be asked1 how much exercise must a dog have in order to keep him in good condition8 ,to this no defined rule can be laid down1 for dogs1 like humans1 vary and one must be governed accordingly4 ,most young puppies1 because of their natural exuberance of spirits1 generally move about sufficiently of their own volition1 and thus keep in good condition by this very natural process1 but as the dog grows older he is not so prone to run and play1 and therefore must be encouraged4 ,this exercise1 it is scarcely necessary to say1 should be given in the open4 ,if the owner of a dog has a back yard where the dog may run and play out in the air and the sunshine1 the question of exercise is not a serious one1 but people who live in restricted quarters will find it more of a problem4 ,if one has access to a vacant lot1 a common1 a park1 or other open space where he may allow his dogs to run unmolested1 always provided he is at hand to watch them1 then the question settles itself1 but where this is not possible there is only one other way and that is to take the dog out on lead1 walking him from one to three hours1 according to the breed and the requirements of the individual1 for as previously stated1 some dogs require more exercise than others4 ,it should not be forgotten that a dog running at large covers five or six times the amount of ground that he could possibly cover while on lead1 and this must be taken into consideration4 ,naturally this requires time1 but one may always find a spare hour or two mornings and evenings that may be utilized in this manner1 and thus owner as well as dog obtains good1 healthful recreation4 ,another good way to exercise dogs in summer is to take them to a pond or river where they may swim about in the water1 for nothing brings all the muscles into play better than swimming4 ,nearly all dogs can be taught to take to water1 and some of the breeds as for instance ,airedales1 the spaniel varieties1 and also pointers and setters1 dearly love this diversion4 ,after disporting in the water for an hour or so1 if a plot of grass can be found nearby where the dogs can roll and dry themselves1 it will not only add to the enjoyment of master and dog1 but will tend to keep the animals' coats clean4 ,another point that should be borne in mind is1 all dogs should be allowed to exercise in a manner that is compatible with their natural habits4 ,for instance1 a beagle should be taken to the open and allowed to hunt rabbits1 a bird dog should be turned loose in the open fields and terriers of every description should be given the opportunity to dig for rats1 mice or other 8varmints40 ,if this cannot be done every day1 the dogs should be given this opportunity at least once a week1 especially during the season when this is feasible4 ,summarizing1 the owner must always bear in mind that a certain part of the day his dog must be allowed the air and the sunshine4 ,even in winter when there is little sunshine1 or on rainy days1 the dog will enjoy being out and free for a short time4 ,grooming is another very important essential to the welfare of the dog4 ,every dog1 no matter whether he is short or long-coated1 should be brushed at least once daily and by brushing is meant good1 vigorous friction4 ,for the short-haired varieties a short-bristled brush or a hound glove are the proper implements1 and for the long-coated breeds a brush with stiff bristles from one and one-half to two inches long1 is very useful4 ,after this brushing1 rubbing with the hand will put a polish on the coat that is described by fanciers as 8cherry ripe40 ,wire-coated terriers require some special treatment to keep their coats in show shape1 but ordinary brushing daily and plucking of superfluous hair occasionally1 will always tend to keep them presentable for every-day life4 ,not only is this daily grooming essential to keep the dog's coat free from soil and filth1 but it tends to keep the blood in circulation1 and to ward off skin troubles and also parasites1 which despite precautions1 will sometimes take up their quarters in the coats of the most genteel dogs4 ,during the winter it is seldom necessary to wash a dog provided he is groomed daily1 but in summer1 a bath now and then is very beneficial to most breeds1 although owners of some show varieties object to bathing their dogs on the ground that it softens the coat4 ,however1 the average owner will do his dog little1 if any harm1 by washing him once a week during the summer4 ,to wash a medium-sized dog1 an ordinary tub or portable tin bath tub will be found satisfactory4 ,the soap used should be selected with some care4 ,those soaps containing a large percentage of alkali are not advised1 nor are the highly scented kinds desirable4 ,the old-fashioned pure ,castile is about as good as any and nearly all of the higher grades of tar soaps are good4 ,the latter not only produce profuse lather1 but possess excellent cleansing qualities and their ingredients have a salutary effect on the skin and hair4 ,there are also a number of good dog soaps on the market1 prepared especially for cleansing and freeing the dog from vermin1 both fleas and lice1 should they exist4 ,in the summer nearly all dogs will acquire a certain amount of fleas and it is well to use either the prepared dog soaps or some other preparation that will kill the fleas4 ,in this connection it might be said that a good flea exterminator is any of the creosote preparations to be used in one in fifty proportions4 ,that is1 to one part of the creosote preparation use fifty parts of lukewarm water4 ,saturate the entire coat and every part of the body with this preparation1 but exercise care not to get any of it in the eyes or mouth4 ,after the dog has been thoroughly saturated in this1 he may be bathed with ordinary soap and water4 ,however1 the water should always be lukewarm1 even in the warmest of weather4 ,not only will the lukewarm water cleanse more thoroughly1 but it will not be so much of a shock as when cold water is used4 ,for rinsing1 clear water1 a few degrees cooler may be used4 ,be sure to dry thoroughly with towels1 but rub the way the hair lies4 ,after drying with the towels the dog should be well brushed and if the weather is the least cool he should not be allowed out of doors for several hours after the bath unless he is kept in action4 ,it is always well to give the bath several hours after his meals1 or just before them2 never directly after eating4 ,smooth coated dogs are more easily bathed than the long-haired varieties1 as they can be dried very readily1 but with the long-haired breeds extreme care should be taken in the drying process and the combing out of the coat4 ,it is scarcely necessary to add that the inside of the ears should be well dried4 ,in washing a dog1 always begin with the head and work backward4 ,the animal should be stood in the tub and the water applied with a dipper which should be ready at hand for the purpose4 ,for some breeds1 such as ,maltese and ,yorkshire terriers many prefer the egg shampoo to soap1 although ,yorkshires may be safely washed with the suds of the soap1 by making a lather and immersing the animal in this4 ,the formula for the egg shampoo is to break up and lightly beat four eggs in each pint of water4 ,naturally1 the egg shampoo is beneficial for any dog no matter what the breed1 but it may be readily imagined how many eggs would be required to shampoo four or five ,st4 ,bernards4 ,in the event that frequent washing causes the hair to become unnaturally dry1 a mixture of glycerine and water1 one part in four1 is advisable4 ,this may be applied before the dog is thoroughly dried and the final hand rubbing will bring all the sheen1 life and luster back to the coat4 ,some kennel men use cocoa butter in place of the glycerine4 ,this is applied by dipping a comb into the cocoa butter and going through the hair with this after the dog has been dried4 ,this should be followed by vigorous hand rubbing4 ,reverting again to fleas1 that bane of all dog owners1 too much care cannot be taken to prevent these pests from obtaining the upper hand4 ,the bedding must be frequently changed and the sleeping places thoroughly cleansed1 but the dog himself must be watched4 ,the creosote preparations 7and there are many of them7 are considered the best exterminators and if used once a week in summer1 no dog should harbor fleas1 provided his sleeping quarters are clean4 ,however1 some might object to this preparation on toy dogs and to those the following is recommended3 ,carbolic acid1 one-half ounce2 laudanum1 one ounce2 bicarbonate of potassa1 one dram2 water1 one and one-half pints4 ,pour a small amount into a hand basin and apply all over the body with a brush or sponge1 rubbing it well into the skin4 ,to those who prefer a dry form of exterminator1 ,dalmatian or ,persian insect powder is recommended4 ,the dog should be placed on a newspaper1 the powder dusted well into the coat and allowed to remain for a few minutes1 after which it should be brushed out while the dog remains standing on the paper4 ,after this process is completed1 roll up paper1 powder1 fleas and all and burn4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,if ,sickness ,comes4 ,where but one dog1 or even two or three are kept in a home1 the danger of sickness is very small1 especially if the behests as laid down in the preceding chapters are followed4 ,dogs in the home are not exposed like those which are kept in a kennel where new ones are constantly coming in and going out4 ,nor is the danger of contagious or infectious disease as great as when the dogs are exhibited at bench shows4 ,nevertheless1 the highly bred dog is a fine-spun piece of mechanism and it is therefore best to know what to do as first aid in case sickness does come4 ,to the novice1 however1 my advice is1 send for the veterinarian1 if a good one lives in your vicinity1 as soon as you notice something seriously wrong with your dog4 ,if no qualified canine practitioner is available1 then seek the advice of some dog expert1 but do not resort to all manner of dosing for dosing's sake1 as so many do1 for in many cases too much medicine has led to more serious consequences than the illness itself4 ,the principal disorders that the one-dog owner is likely to encounter1 are probably distemper1 worms1 skin diseases1 fits and other various temporary stomach and intestinal ailments1 most of which right themselves by the administration of a dose of castor oil or some other purgative4 ,very frequently a dog will go off form due to overeating or perhaps because of devouring something that was harmful1 or possibly because of lack of exercise4 ,in most cases this is only temporary and the animal will doctor himself1 provided he has access to grass4 ,do not be alarmed if your dog eats grass upon occasion1 even though he partakes of it copiously4 ,he is simply finding in this green element a nature remedy that will act as a conditioner4 ,fortunate is the canine that has the opportunity to do this1 for he is thus finding a home remedy which is perhaps more effective than the most skilled veterinarian might be able to prescribe4 ,sometimes old dogs suffer from constipation and it is well1 occasionally1 to put a little olive oil in their food1 or even resort to a purgative4 ,one of the best ever-ready remedies ,i know of is equal parts olive oil1 cascara sagrada and castor oil4 ,this may be mixed up and kept on hand indefinitely as there is nothing in it that will spoil4 ,if your dog should go off his feed without showing any symptoms of something more serious coming on1 give him1 if he is a dog of from thirty to forty-five pounds1 a tablespoonful of this night and morning for four or five days1 and he will soon come back to his natural form4 ,for smaller or larger dogs the dosage should be graded accordingly4 ,all dog owners1 however1 should know when a dog is coming down with something serious4 ,one of the most dreaded ailments is distemper1 a contagious disease which may be communicated either by direct contact with a dog which has distemper1 by being put in a place that was recently occupied by a distempered animal1 or by associating with a dog which might be himself immune1 but which had recently come from a place where he was exposed4 ,in this manner such a dog is able to carry the disease even to some distant locality4 ,thus many dogs have been subjected to disease through their companions which were exhibited at bench shows1 and which1 though immune themselves1 carried it home to their kennel companions4 ,first of all it should be said that the normal temperature of the dog is from #ajj to #ajj-a_/b degrees when taken under the forearm or inside of the thigh4 ,taken per rectum it is one degree higher4 ,this temperature may vary some in the larger and the smaller breeds1 but it is the general average4 ,if the dog appears listless1 apathetic1 refuses to eat and possibly begins to sneeze or water at the eyes1 if his temperature has gone three or four degrees above normal1 then it may be taken for granted that he is in the first stages of distemper4 ,on the other hand1 he may only show the dullness and the high temperature2 there may be no discharge from the eyes or nose1 but a dry1 husky tell-tale cough may be noted4 ,any of these forms are the symptoms of distemper and the victim should be isolated at once and the first act should be to administer a liberal dose of castor oil4 ,at this stage ,i have found it very efficacious to give quinine and hyposulphite of soda1 each in two-grain doses1 either together or one following the other within half an hour1 four times a day4 ,the dog must be placed in a warm and dry room and should not be allowed to go out for anything4 ,the room should be kept at a temperature of seventy degrees1 but must be ventilated by windows opening from above so that there can be no draughts with which the victim will come in contact4 ,the disinfectant used should also be some dry form1 such as the various sanitary sawdust preparations that are on the market4 ,any dampness in the room is detrimental to the patient4 ,the principal thing to remember in distemper is good care1 for it will be found more effective than medicine1 whether given in serum form or by mouth4 ,the dog's strength must be kept up and to this end eggs1 broth1 and even finely chopped up raw beef in small quantities will be beneficial4 ,some kennel men object to the beef1 but nevertheless many a dog will eat this where he refuses everything else and certainly nothing is more nutritious than beef4 ,every symptom must be combated as it arises and many complications are likely to set in4 ,one thing must always be kept in mind1 and that is1 to make the dog take nourishment1 for once he refuses to eat1 then the case is practically hopeless4 ,those who prefer the serum treatment should begin giving it1 as per directions1 subcutaneously1 with hypodermic syringe4 ,there are several good serums or vaccines on the market1 but the one that ,i have had the most experience with is that put up by a ,detroit laboratory4 ,this firm makes not only a curative vaccine1 but one known as a preventative4 ,it is useless to give the prophylactic or preventative after the dog has once been exposed4 ,rather await the earliest developments and then begin with the curative and give the six doses as per direction4 ,begin with bulb number one and follow up at the intervals indicated until all have been given4 ,in the meantime1 however1 exercise the usual care in the way of even temperature in the place where the patient is confined and in the matter of diet4 ,this is imperative1 no matter what treatment is being used4 ,the prophylactic or curative treatment consists of three doses4 ,it is also given with hypodermic syringe1 subcutaneously4 ,it is well to keep this serum on hand to use if one expects to show his dog or run him in field trials1 but the treatment should be given at least a month before the time he is to appear in public4 ,the success of this serum treatment seems to be general1 although many breeders have no faith in it4 ,this may be due to the fact that they begin too late or failed to follow instructions4 ,the treatment is supposed to combat all symptoms that arise in the most virulent cases of distemper4 ,the worst complication of all distempers is that affecting the nervous system2 the brain and its membrane may become inflamed and fits follow1 or the spinal cord and its membranes are attacked1 in which event paralysis or chorea1 or sometimes both occur4 ,these can be overcome1 but it is a long drawn out and a very uncertain thing4 ,generally1 chorea occurs after the virulent phase of the disease is passed and it is mostly due to too early exposure4 ,the patient should not be allowed to go out of doors or get excited in any way until the temperature has been normal for at least ten days4 ,common sense and good nursing win out more times than all the medicine1 but the complications as they arise must be combated4 ,for instance1 the eyes must be looked after4 ,the discharge should be washed away frequently during the day with a warm boracic acid solution by dissolving one teaspoonful of the boracic acid in half a pint of warm water4 ,the following lotion should be used afterward as it will help keep the eyes clear3 ,chinosol #c grains ,water #f ounces ,as the dog recovers from the distemper and the eyes have that opaque appearance so often noted1 use an ointment made of #a grain yellow oxide of mercury mixed with one dram of vaseline4 ,drop a bit about the size of a pea into the corner and rub well under the lids4 ,sometimes red pustules will appear all over the underbody and occasionally on all parts of the body4 ,this should be treated with the ordinary mange remedies4 ,at other times the disease attacks the bowels1 which must then be looked after4 ,try bismuth in ten grain doses for medium-sized dogs4 ,if this does not stop the diarrhea1 then the following mixture might be effective3 ,powdered ,extract of ,kino #a dram ,powdered ,ipecacuanha #h grains ,powdered ,opium #f grains ,mix and divide into twelve pills4 ,dose1 from one-half to two pills1 according to the size of the dog1 four times a day4 ,after the acute stage is passed1 then a good tonic is desirable and for this purpose either ,le ,roy's ,condition ,pills1 ,sergeant's or ,glover's are useful4 ,another serious complication that frequently arrives is when it attacks the lungs1 and this is not at all uncommon2 pneumonia being one of the situations to guard against4 ,where there is a sudden rise in temperature and the dog is inclined to sit on his haunches1 bracing himself on his forelegs1 which are spread far apart1 and his breathing comes fast and sharp1 it may be taken for granted that pneumonia is the cause4 ,by placing the ear to the chest one can hear the labored breathing which sounds very much like someone walking over frozen snow4 ,if the dog is not already wearing a chest jacket make one for him at once4 ,sometimes strong liniments are effective4 ,but one of the simplest things to use is hot lard and turpentine4 ,grease the chest well with this1 wrap flannels around him and put the jacket over all4 ,apply fresh turpentine and lard every two hours1 until the breathing is easier4 ,the following is a very good formula to use internally3 ,extract of ,belladonna #a_/b grain ,james' ,powder #d grains ,nitrate of ,potash #h grains ,extract of ,gentian1 enough to make one pill ,for medium-sized dogs make up twelve pills with the above ingredients and give #a three times daily4 ,if the fever does not subside readily it might be well to give them drops of aconite in a tablespoonful of water1 every three hours4 ,perpetual vigilance is necessary in the successful combating of pneumonia and as in every other phase of distemper1 care and good nursing are most important4 ,for a more extended treatise on distemper1 8,dogcraft10 third edition1 will be of great benefit to all dog owners4 ,few dogs go through life without having ,worms at some time in their career and in the case of puppies1 we doubt if any ever escape these intestinal pests4 ,usually the kennel owner or dealer1 worms the puppies before he sells them1 hence the future owner has little to fear1 although it must not be supposed that when a vermifuge is given to a puppy once or even two or three times during his young life1 that he will be forever free from worms4 ,on the other hand1 he is likely to have them at any time1 though the danger of fatal results is far less4 ,there are numerous remedies that may be used very effectively for the various kinds of worms1 such as areca nut1 santonin1 pink and senna1 kamala1 etc41 but ,i believe the safest plan for the novice is to procure any one of the reliable proprietary remedies that are on the market1 for it will be less trouble to give these and there is little danger of going wrong1 which might be the case were the neophyte to dabble with unknown drugs4 ,for ,tape ,worm--and many more dogs suffer from this than one might suppose--kamala and areca nut in equal parts is very effective4 ,that is1 for large dogs give two grains 7one grain of each drug7 to the pound weight of the dog after fasting twenty-four to thirty-six hours4 ,one hour after giving the vermifuge the dog should have a liberal dose of castor oil4 ,the symptoms of tape worm are varied4 ,the dog may have a capricious appetite1 his coat becomes harsh and stary1 he looks thin and emaciated and he has a habit of rubbing his sides and back up along fences or buildings4 ,his breath is usually offensive and his eyes lack luster and frequently form pus in the corners4 ,in the ,south the ,hook ,worm is the bane of all dog owners and it is becoming more prevalent every year4 ,indeed1 of late years it has been invading the ,north also1 which is probably due to field trials and bench shows1 as dogs from the ,north are taken ,south where they become infested and thus bring the pests back to their homes4 ,recently a very good specific for hook worms has been discovered and from all accounts it is giving excellent results4 ,the drug is carbon tetrachloride4 ,the dose is one drop for each pound weight of the dog after fasting twenty-four hours4 ,the drug should be placed in hard capsules and administered in that manner4 ,it is not necessary to follow with a purgative as is the case with most other vermifuges4 ,this new remedy has been given to very young puppies with the best results4 ,it should always be remembered1 however1 that the dosage should be one drop to the pound weight of the dog1 no matter how large or how small he is4 ,a dog affected with hook worms usually grows very thin1 is dull and apathetic1 his coat is harsh and unnatural1 his eyes lack fire and he has little or no ambition1 but the greatest tell-tale sign of all is his gums and the mucous membrane of his eyes4 ,instead of being a healthy pink1 they become white and waxy4 ,when the gums and mouth are in this condition1 then it is time to begin treatment for hook worms4 ,one of the common disturbances that house dogs are subject to is ,fits4 ,it is rather disheartening to the novice to see his dog roll over suddenly and become stiff and rigid1 for in most cases he is at a loss what to do4 ,fits arise from various causes2 through worms1 constitutional nervous disorders1 the aftermath of distemper1 but in most cases with house dogs1 because of constipation or indigestion4 ,if the trouble is due to the two latter causes1 then they may be easily overcome by a change of diet and more exercise1 for there is where the trouble generally lies4 ,the dog is fed heartily1 frequently of indigestible food1 he obtains little or no exercise and the inevitable result is a disarrangement of bowels1 stomach or liver4 ,if the fits are the aftermath of distemper1 the dog may outgrow them1 but if they are constitutional1 then little or nothing can be done4 ,however1 it is fits of the first order--that is1 due to derangement of the digestive organs--which are the commonest among house dogs4 ,the victim may suddenly fall over1 or he may remain on his feet1 and if he does1 the toe nails will dig into the rug or carpet in a way that once seen will always be recognized4 ,these seizures are generally easily overcome by applying warm applications to the abdomen1 or hand massage4 ,the victim1 however1 should be given a purgative once a day for several days1 and if there is reason to suspect worms1 a vermifuge is not out of order4 ,exercise him in the open every day1 but do not overdo this at first4 ,in severe cases an enema may be given once daily1 for three days following the attack1 in place of giving the castor oil4 ,the more alarming cases of fits are seizures which attack highly-strung young dogs of an extremely nervous temperament4 ,these fits usually attack the animal when he is out at exercise and they cause such violent contortions that many an ignorant person might suppose the dog to be mad4 ,a dog suffering in this way1 may be going along nicely when suddenly he will utter a distressing cry1 stagger a few times and fall down in convulsions4 ,while in this condition he will snap wildly at anyone or anything near him4 ,unless secured his next proceeding is to get up and run2 he seems to be wholly deaf to the voice of his master and does not even recognize him4 ,sometimes1 after recovering from the attack1 he will be unable to distinguish his master for several hours4 ,the owner of a dog subject to such fits should take prompt measures to secure him while he is in one of these paroxysms1 or he will run amuck when he arises and there will be difficulty in catching him4 ,it is such dogs which frequently cause the reports of mad dogs being in a neighborhood and many a poor innocent victim is dispatched1 an innocent sacrifice1 immolated on the altar of ignorance4 ,naturally1 the owner of the dog is not likely to have medicines near at hand when his dog is thus attacked1 and in such a contingency1 the best thing to do is to dash cold water on his head and in his face1 continuing this for several minutes4 ,get the dog home as soon as possible1 then administer a dose of castor oil1 or the preparation recommended for constipation1 namely1 equal parts olive oil1 castor oil and cascara sagrada4 ,after this1 begin a course of bromide2 the dosage being from two to fifteen grains according to the size of the animal1 to be given twice daily4 ,the food should be nourishing1 but not too stimulating1 and in small quantities at a time2 it is well to feed three times daily1 each meal to be about one-half an ordinary one4 ,remove all causes of nervous excitement and build up the dog by common-sense treatment4 ,rabies is not common1 but nevertheless it is a real affliction of the canine race1 consequently if your dog has been bitten by a supposedly rabid dog it is well to keep him isolated to watch results4 ,rabies may appear at any time from eight days to three months after being bitten by a mad dog1 hence great care is essential4 ,the disease can only be communicated through a bite or where the saliva of a rabid dog comes in contact with an abrasion of the skin4 ,the owner of a single dog who never allows his animal to run at large except when he is present is not likely to ever encounter rabies1 but it is well to know the symptoms in case such a contingency does occur4 ,not all dogs bitten by a dog known to suffer from rabies is likely to contract the disease1 hence one must not become hysterical at once and destroy the animal so exposed4 ,rather isolate him and watch developments4 ,the disease1 as is well known1 is communicable to all animals1 even to the human species1 but with the latter the percentage is very small indeed4 ,the first symptoms are a rise in temperature from two to three degrees above normal4 ,the dog will constantly lick himself at some particular spot which is probably the place where he was bitten and inoculated4 ,the disposition of the victim undergoes an entire change4 ,the cheerful one becomes morose and sullen1 the quiet one is restless1 and the ordinarily good-tempered dog quarrelsome and inclined to hide in dark corners1 although when called will generally come to his master and probably be very affectionate4 ,frothing of the mouth1 as generally supposed1 is not a symptom of the rabid dog4 ,the mouth may be more moist than normal at first1 but it soon becomes dry and of a very dark red color4 ,the rabid dog is very much inclined to attack others2 the timid pet without provocation will attack others much larger than himself and after biting his victim will emit a peculiar howl1 which when once heard will never be mistaken4 ,the rabid dog's voice undergoes an entire alteration which is one of the decided characteristics of the disease4 ,it begins with a peculiar sharp bark and ends with a dismal howl4 ,if the animal obtains his liberty he will wander for miles on a kind of dog trot1 with head and tail lowered1 going out of his way to attack dogs and other animals1 but usually remaining away from human beings1 unless they interfere with him4 ,in a day or two he will return to his home4 ,he will refuse any kind of food1 but he will gnaw at sticks1 stones1 timber or anything that may be near him4 ,he will drink water until his throat becomes so swollen that it is impossible for him to swallow1 but even then he will attempt to drink by putting his nose in a pail or basin of water4 ,he becomes weaker rapidly and if not killed1 will die in four or five days4 ,in ,dumb ,rabies the lower jaw is dropped and the dog is unable to close his mouth4 ,it is not often that a rabid dog will attack his master1 but he will fly at a stranger without provocation4 ,there is no cure for either form of rabies and as soon as one is convinced that the dog is suffering with the disease he should be put out of his misery by a painless death4 ,as ,i have said1 rabies is very uncommon and many kennel men have gone through life without ever having seen a case1 though it is the height of folly to dismiss the subject on this account and proclaim there is no such disease4 ,it is very real and should be guarded against4 ,there are many cases of pseudo rabies that one hears about through the daily newspapers which are merely the creations of some fanatic or ignorant persons who would not recognize the true from the false if they saw them4 ,skin ,troubles such as the various forms of mange and eczema are likely to occur occasionally though the owner of one or two dogs need not worry about this if he grooms his dogs and cares for them as indicated in the chapters of this book4 ,a very good ointment to have on hand in case of skin trouble is the following3 ,flowers of sulphur #d ounces ,oil of tar #b ounces ,carbolic acid #b drams ,add this to twelve ounces of linseed oil and stir well in order to thoroughly mix the ingredients4 ,apply to affected parts or abrasions of the skin4 ,it is scarcely necessary to say that when this ointment is applied to the dog's coat he must be forbidden to house unless one wishes to have his rugs1 carpets and furniture ruined4 ,poisoning is one of the banes of a dog owner's existence1 for one is likely to encounter the poison fiend anywhere at any time4 ,however1 there are also many cases of accidental poisoning4 ,whether accidental or otherwise1 the majority of cases occur through arsenic1 strychnine or powdered glass4 ,from the symptoms displayed one can usually determine the kind of poison used4 ,strychnine causes pain1 twitching1 possibly vomiting and purging4 ,in fatal cases1 convulsions with prolonged spasms of the muscles1 with more or less frequent relaxation4 ,this continues until death ends the struggle4 ,arsenic causes gastritis and enteritis1 hence a burning thirst1 vomiting and purging1 the dog usually dying from exhaustion or collapse4 ,ground glass poisoning will produce bloody discharges1 great pain and distress and frequently vomiting of blood4 ,there is no relief for the victim of such an experience and the most humane thing to do is to put the dog to death promptly by administering chloroform4 ,in the treatment of arsenical and strychnine poisoning1 the primary object should be to get the poison out of the system as soon as possible4 ,to this end emetics should be administered promptly1 unless the animal is already vomiting freely4 ,as an emetic1 fifteen to twenty grains of sulphate of zinc in a teaspoonful of wine of ipecac is very good1 but if this is not at hand1 anything should be resorted to that will produce the desired results1 such as mustard or baking soda in lukewarm water4 ,in strychnine poisoning every effort should be made to neutralize the effect of the poison on the spinal cord4 ,bromide of potassium and chloral hydrate are the best4 ,either may be given to medium-sized dogs by mouth or rectum in twenty-grain doses4 ,this may be repeated at short intervals until one dram has been given4 ,in all cases of poisoning except phosphorus1 which is very rare1 oil may be given1 also calcined magnesia or lime water1 as they are harmless and protect the stomach mechanically4 ,other simple things1 such as white of eggs1 flour1 etc41 may be used with good effect4 ,for arsenical poisoning the best antidote is hydrated oxide of iron4 ,this can be prepared quickly by adding baking soda to tincture of iron so long as there is any effervescence4 ,when the neutral point has been reached1 it may be given freely in teaspoonful doses1 every ten minutes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dogcraft ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,hochwalt ,third ,edition--,revised and ,enlarged ,here is a book every sportsman will want to have in his library for ready reference--and study4 ,it tells everything you want to know about dogs--#bij pages of expert information4 ,,dogcraft is a complete study of the various breeds of dogs2 their care and management in health and disease4 ,you will find many interesting chapters on gun dogs1 sight hunters1 house and watch dogs1 pastoral dogs--and you'll find out just how the particular breed you are interested in should be trained and cared for4 ,if you have one dog or a dozen dogs1 you will want a copy of this splendid book ,clothbound1 #b4jj ,paperbound1 #a4ej ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,,book ,,department ,butler ,building ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,practical ,dog-,keeping ,for the ,amateur ,written so as to be ,understood ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,hochwalt the eminent authority and writer ,the author has compiled in this valuable book a mass of facts and information in a clear and concise style that can be understood by every one4 ,he has avoided unfamiliar terms and used only words and phrases of our every-day language4 ,all phases of dog-keeping are carefully explained--the latest methods in feeding1 conditioning and grooming--directions on care in case of sickness--observations on breeding--proper diets1 and many other important subjects4 ,if you own a dog and want to know the latest and best methods of caring for it1 ,,this ,,book ,,will ,,prove ,,invaluable4 #be ,illustrations ,prices3 ,cloth1 #a4ej2 ,paper1 #a4jj ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,,book ,,department ,butler ,building ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,working ,dog and ,his ,education ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,hochwalt ,are you training a dog8 ,is he responding to your methods8 ,are you satisfied with the results8 ,would you like to compare your methods with those of famous trainers8 ,do you want to learn about their methods8--,if you do-- ,,get ,,this ,,book ,interesting chapters on the training of pointers1 setters1 foxhounds1 beagles1 ,airedales1 spaniels1 and police dogs4 ,various systems are described1 the best method of breaking faults and correcting bad habits are explained4 ,it is the work of an expert1 written so that the amateur may understand4 ,every rule in it has been tried and proven4 ,you can rely on the directions given to always produce results4 ,price1 #a4jj ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,,book ,,department ,butler ,building ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,splendid ,book ,every ,camper ,will ,want in ,his ,kit ,camp ,cookery ,by ,,horace ,,kephart ,author of 8,camping and ,woodcraft10 8,the ,hunting ,rifle10 etc4 ,illustrated with ,pen ,drawings of ,useful ,camp ,utensils1 ,outfits1 ,etc4 ,if you want to fully enjoy your next camping trip1 learn the fundamentals of camp cooking from a man who has spent many years in the woods4 ,this instructive1 valuable book tells you what provisions are essential2 what utensils you really need2 how to build and get the best results from camp fires2 how to dress and keep game1 fish1 etc4 ,three interesting chapters tell you all about the preparation of meat1 game1 fish and shellfish4 ,the author tells you just how to prepare cured meats1 eggs1 breadstuffs1 cereals1 vegetables1 soups1 beverages and dessert4 ,nothing has been overlooked4 ,you'll enjoy your next trip to the woods much more after reading and profiting by the valuable suggestions contained in this book #aed ,pages ,clothbound #a4ej ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,,book ,,department ,butler ,building ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,modern ,pointer ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,hochwalt ,the object of this book is to briefly consider the development of a dog which for many years has been one of the favorites of the sportsman1 and which is likely to continue so for all time to come4 ,this is an interesting story of the short-haired dog and his rapid progress in this country4 ,if you are a lover of the bird dog1 you'll want a copy of this book4 ,it is six by nine inches in size1 contains #afb pages and #bc full page illustrations4 ,bound in silk cloth with gold lettering4 ,price1 #b4jj per ,copy1 ,postpaid ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,,book ,,department ,butler ,building ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,what ,sportsman's ,digest ,will ,do ,every ,month for ,,you ,it ,entertains ,you with actual-experience stories of the great outdoors4 ,some of the most prominent sportsman-writers of the country are monthly contributors to ,,sportsman',s ,,digest4 ,among them are such well-known writers as ,morris ,ackerman1 ,ben ,c4 ,robinson1 ,l4 ,h4 ,sweet1 ,a4 ,f4 ,hochwalt1 ,raymond ,thompson1 ,l4 ,e4 ,eubanks1 ,robert ,page ,lincoln and scores of others4 ,it ,offers ,valuable ,suggestions in connection with your hunting1 fishing and camping trips and enables you to profit by the experience of sportsmen who have made a study of these health-bringing outings4 ,it ,answers ,every ,question of every kind regarding the ,great ,outdoors4 ,the ,quizz ,cabin will enlighten you on those points on which you are not entirely clear4 ,a mint of valuable information will be found each month in this most interesting department4 ,it ,keeps ,you in ,touch with the ,world of ,sports even though you are busily engaged in the business of making a living4 ,,sportsman',s ,,digest will quickly make you forget any worldly cares--seated by your fireside or on the front porch1 you'll travel all over the country--mentally--after big and little game and the voracious battlers of the mountain streams and lakes4 ,twelve ,big ,illustrated ,numbers ,,all ,,for ,,one ,,dollar ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,,desk ,b1 ,,book ,,department1 ,butler ,building ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,every ,bird ,dog ,fancier ,should ,have a ,copy of ,the ,modern ,setter ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,hochwalt ,a complete history of the long-haired bird dog4 ,nothing has been left unsaid4 ,chapters on the ,llewellin and ,laverack setters--chapters on every family that assisted in making bird dog history--interesting anecdotes on field trials and field trial happenings--it is a complete story of the various breeds of setter1 from their origin down to the present day4 ,bench show and field trial dogs compared2 ,irish and ,gordon setters fully dwelt upon4 ,no book on the bird dog has ever been written or is likely to be written that is as comprehensive as this new work4 ,size of book--six by nine2 bound in silk cloth and gold lettering4 ,twenty-six full page illustrations2 #bci pages of interesting reading matter4 ,price per ,copy #d4jj1 ,postpaid ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,,book ,,department ,butler ,building ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,,twentieth ,,century ,,bird ,,dog ,training and ,kennel ,management ,by ,,er4 ,m4 ,,shelley ,every owner and every person interested in bird dogs and hunting dogs should have a copy of this valuable book4 ,into this book ,mr4 ,shelley has put the best of his knowledge1 gained from years of experience as a successful trainer and handler4 ,it is authoritative and interesting1 and it throws many new lights upon the old system of bird dog training4 ,containing many fine illustrations1 and being handsomely bound in cloth1 this is an attractive as well as useful volume that you cannot afford to be without4 ,price1 ,postpaid1 #b4jj ,,sportsman',s ,,digest ,,book ,,department ,butler ,building ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,illustrations have been moved to paragraph breaks near where they are mentioned4 ,punctuation has been made consistent4 ,variations in spelling and hyphenation were retained as they appear in the original publication1 except that obvious typographical errors have been corrected4