,,entered ,,according ,,to ,,act ,,of   
,,congress1 ,,in ,,the ,,year #ahfe1    
,,by                              ,,john
 ,d4 ,,philbrick1                       
,,in ,,the ,,clerk',s ,,office          
,,of ,,the ,,district ,,court ,,of ,,the
 ,,district ,,of ,,massachusetts4       
,,riverside1 ,,cambridge3               
,,stereotyped ,,and ,,printed ,,by      
,h4 ,o4 ,,houghton ,,and ,,company4     
,,preface4  ,the design of this book is 
twofold1--to meet the present demand for
 new selections suited to the spirit of 
the hour1 and also to furnish a choice  
collection of standard pieces for       
elocutionary exercises on which time has
 set its lasting seal4 ,in the execution
 of this design no pains have been      
spared in selecting and preparing the   
best pieces1 both new and old4  ,the    
extracts from recent productions1       
numbering about one hundred1 by more    
than fifty different authors1 are now   
for the first time presented in a       
,speaker4 ,they are for the most part   

the eloquent utterances of our best     
orators and poets1 inspired by the      
present national crisis1 and  are       
therefore all compact of the passing    
hour1 breathing the fine sweet spirit of
 nationality1--the nationality of       
,america4 ,they give expression to the  
emotions excited1 the hopes inspired1   
and the duties imposed by this stormy   
and perilous period4 ,they afford       
brilliant illustrations of the          
statesmanship of the crisis4 ,sumner    
exposes the origin and mainspring of the
 rebellion1 ,douglass strips off its    
pretext1 ,everett paints its crime1     
,boutwell boldly proclaims its remedy in
 emancipation1 and ,banks pronounces a  
benediction on the first act of         
reconstruction on the solid basis of    
freedom to all4 ,they furnish also an   
epitome of the convict of arms4 ,bryant 
utters the rallying cry to the people1  
,whittier responds in the united voice  
of the ,north1 ,holmes sounds the grand 
charge1 ,pierpont gives the command     

,forward6 ,longfellow and ,boker        
immortalize the unconquerable heroism of
 our braves on sea and land1 and ,andrew
 and ,beecher speak in tender accents   
the gratitude of loyal hearts to our    
fallen heroes4  ,these new pieces will  
for a time receive the preference over  
old ones1 and some of them will survive 
the period which called them forth4 ,but
 to insure for the work1 if possible1 a 
permanent value as a ,standard ,speaker 
for students of common schools1 higher  
seminaries and colleges1 the greater    
part of the selections1 nearly three    
hundred in number1 have been chosen from
 those of acknowledged excellence1 and  
of unquestionable merit as exercises for
 recitation and declamation4 ,this      
department comprises every variety of   
style necessary in elocutionary culture4
  ,another important feature of the     
collection is the introduction of those 
masterpieces of oratory--long excluded  
from books of this class1 though now    
rendered appropriate by the new phase of

 public opinion1which advocate the      
inalienable rights of man1 and denounce 
the crime of human bondage4 ,aware of   
the deep and lasting power which pieces 
used for declamation exert in moulding  
the ideas and opinions of the young1 it 
has been my aim to admit only such      
productions as inculcate the noblest and
 purest sentiments1 teaching patriotism1
 loyalty1 and justice1 and bring the    
youthful heart with ambition to be      
useful1 and with heroic devotion to     
duty4  ,the text of the extracts has    
been made to conform to that of the most
 authentic editions of the works of     
their authors4 ,some pieces which have  
heretofore been presented in a mutilated
 form1 are here restored to their       
original completeness4 ,where           
compression or abridgment has been      
necessary1 it has been executed with    
caution1 and with strict regard to the  
sentiments and ideas of the authors4    
,fully convinced that elaborate         
treatises on elocution more             

appropriately form separate             
publications1 nothing of the kind has   
been included in this volume4 ,a summary
 of practical suggestions to teachers   
and students was thought to form a more 
useful introduction4 ,for the sake of   
artistic beauty in the page1 as well as 
for the convenience of the student1 the 
notes and explanatory remarks necessary 
for the proper understanding of the     
pieces1 have been thrown together at the
 end of the volume1 and so arranged that
 reference to them can be easily made4  
,this work1 the preparation of which has
 been a recreation rather than a        
labor--an agreeable diversion from the  
daily routine of a laborious office1--is
 the embodiment of the experience and   
observation of twenty-five years1 with  
reference to this description of        
literature4 ,it originated in a desire  
to contribute something to the          
furtherance of the right education of   
the young men of my country1 and the    
extent to which it promotes this object1

 will in my estimation1 be the measure  
of its success4                         
,boston1 ,july #d1 #ahfd4               
,,introductory ,,remarks ,,on           
,,declamation4  ,it is not my purpose to
 present here a theory of elocution1 or 
a systematic treatise on the art of     
speaking4 ,my object will be            
accomplished if ,i succeed in furnishing
 a summary of practical suggestions and 
hints on the subject of declamation     
which shall prove useful both to student
 and to such teachers as have not made  
the study of elocution a specialty4     
,that a correct and impressive elocution
 is a desirable attainment1 few will    
venture to deny4 ,in my judgment it is  
the crowning grace of a liberal         
education4 ,to the highest success in   
those professions which involve public  
speaking1 it is1 of course1             
indispensable4 ,no person1 whatever is  
to be his destination in life1 who      
aspires to a respectable education and  
to mingle in good society1 can afford to

 dispense with this accomplishment4 ,if 
a young man means to succeed in life and
 attain distinction and influence1 he   
should spare no pains in the cultivation
 of the faculty of speech4 ,the culture 
of his vocal organs should keep pace    
with the culture of his mental powers4  
,while acquiring a knowledge of         
literature and science1 he should also  
form the habit of speaking his          
vernacular with propriety1 grace1 ease1 
and elegance1 sparing no effort to      
acquire what has been aptly called the  
music of the phrase2 that clear1        
flowing1 and decided sound of the whole 
sentence1 which embraces both tone and  
accent1 and which is only to be learned 
from the precept and example of an      
accomplished teacher4  ,as a means of   
acquiring an appropriate1 effective1 and
 graceful elocution for the purposes of 
conversation1 reading1 and public       
speaking1 the exercise of declamation1  
when properly conducted1 cannot be too  
highly valued4 ,it must be confessed1   

however that the practice of declaiming 
as managed in some institutions1 is     
comparatively useless1 if not positively
 injurious4 ,hence arises the prejudice 
against it which exists in some         
quarters4 ,and it is not surprising that
 the results of declamation should be   
unsatisfactory1 considering the         
defective methods of conducting it1     
which are still prevalent in not a few  
places4 ,what can be expected of        
declamation which consists in repeating 
on the stage a few                      
pieces1--injudiciously selected and     
imperfectly committed1--without previous
 or accompanying vocal training8 ,the   
remarks of ,dr4 ,rush1 on this topic1   
though made more than a quarter of a    
century ago1 are still to some extent   
applicable4 ,go to some1 may ,i say all1
 of our colleges and universities1 and  
observe how the art of speaking is not  
taught4 ,see a boy of but fifteen treats
 sent upon the stage1 pale and choking  
with apprehension1 in an attempt to do  

that1 without instruction1 which he came
 purposely to learn2 and furnishing     
amusement to his classmates1 by a       
pardonable awkwardness1 which should be 
punished in the person of his pretending
 but neglectful preceptor with little   
less than scourging4 ,then visit a      
conservatory of music2 observe there the
 orderly tasks1 the masterly discipline1
 the unwearied superintendence and the  
incessant toil to produce accomplishment
 of voice2 and afterward do not be      
surprised that the pulpit1 the senate1  
the bar1 and the chair of the medical   
professorship are filled with such      
abominable drawlers1 mouthers1 mumblers1
 clutterers1 squeakers1 chanters1 and   
mongers in monotony2 nor that the       
schools of singing are constantly       
sending abroad those great instances of 
vocal wonder1 who draw forth the        
intelligent curiosity and produce the   
crowning delight and approbation of the 
prince and the sage4  ,this eminent     
writer's great work on the ,philosophy  

of the ,human ,voice has done much to   
correct the evil which he so graphically
 described4 ,there are now some schools 
and colleges to be found in which       
elocution is taught with much skill and 
success4 ,among the disciples of ,dr4   
,rush who have most successfully        
cultivated the art of elocution in      
,america1 the foremost place belongs to 
,professor ,william ,russell1 whose     
valuable and protracted labors in this  
department of education1 both as an     
author and a practical instructor1 merit
 the highest commendation4  ,as the     
first of my recommendations1 ,i would1  
at the outset1 strenuously insist on the
 importance of systematic vocal culture1
 which implies the training of the ear  
to perceive the various qualities and   
modifications of vocal expression1 and  
the training of the voice to produce    
them4 ,all the different functions of   
the voice employed in speech should be  
analytically exemplified by the teacher1
 and practised by the pupil1 in the     

reading or recitation of short passages 
in which they are well illustrated1 such
 as may be found in any good manual of  
elocution4 ,this kind of teaching is to 
elocution what practice upon the scale  
is to music1 and what the practice of   
the eye upon the harmony and contrast of
 colors is to painting4  ,this course of
 training naturally divides itself into 
two departments3--first that which is   
mechanical2 and1 secondly1 that which   
relates to the expression of thought and
 emotion4                          ,i4  
,,that ,,which ,,is ,,mechanical4       
,,breathing4 ,the human voice is a      
musical instrument1 an organ of         
exquisite contrivance  and adaptation of
 parts4 ,breath being the material of   
its sound1 vocal training should begin  
with the function of breathing4         
,vigorous respiration is as essential to
 good elocution as it is to good health4
 ,to secure this it is necessary1 in the
 first place1 to attend to the posture1 
taking care to give the utmost freedom1 

expansion1 and capacity to the chest1   
and then to exercise and develop all the
 muscles employed in respiration1 so    
that they may be habitually used with   
energy and power1 both in the inhalation
 and expulsion of the breath4 ,whenever 
the voice is to be used in speaking1    
reading1 singing1 or animated           
conversation1 the pupil should be       
required to assume the proper position1 
and to bring into exercise the whole    
muscular apparatus of the vocal organs1 
including the muscles of the abdomen1 of
 the back1 of the ribs1 and of the      
chest4 ,elocutionary exercises1         
especially that of declamation1 thus    
practised with a due regard to the      
function of breathing1 become highly    
beneficial in a hygienic point of view1 
imparting health and vigor to the whole 
physical system4 ,the want of this kind 
of training is the cause of much of the 
bronchial disease with which clergymen  
and other public speakers are afflicted4
 ,in the excellent work on ,elocution1  

by ,russell and ,murdock1 the following 
exercises in breathing are prescribed   
and explained3--,attitude of the body   
and position of the organs2 deep        
breathing2 diffusive or tranquil        
breathing2 expulsive or forcible        
breathing2 explosive or abrupt          
breathing2 sighing2 sobbing2 gasping2   
and panting4  ,experience has proved    
that the respiratory organs are         
susceptible of a high degree of         
development1 and it is well known that  
the strength of the voice depends on the
 capacity1 health1 and action of those  
organs4 ,it is therefore of paramount   
importance that elocutionary culture    
should be based on the mechanical       
function of respiration4 ,and while the 
elocutionist trains his pupils in such  
breathing exercises as are above named1 
he is at the same time giving the very  
best part of physical education2 for the
 amount of vital power1 as well as the  
amount of vocal power1 depends upon the 
health and vigor of the respiratory     

process4 ,few are aware how much may be 
effected by these exercises1 judiciously
 practiced1 in those constitutions where
 the chest is narrow1 indicating a      
tendency to pulmonary disease4 ,in all  
such cases1 regularly repeated deep     
inspirations are of the highest value4  
,it should be observed that these       
exercises are best performed in the open
 air1 or1 at least1 in a well-ventilated
 room1 the windows being open for the   
time4 ,but no directions however wise or
 minute1 can supersede the necessity of 
a competent teacher in this branch of   
physical and vocal training1 and ,i     
cannot dismiss this topic without       
expressing my high appreciation of the  
value of the labors of that great master
 of the science of vocal culture1 ,prof4
 ,lewis ,b4 ,monroe1 of ,boston1 who is 
probably unsurpassed in this1 or any    
other country1 as a practical teacher of
 the mechanism and physiology of speech4
 ,already the benefit of his instruction
 in this department of education is     

widely felt1 and ,i omit no opportunity 
to advise teachers to avail themselves  
of a longer or shorter course of his    
admirable training4 ,for if there is any
 accomplishment which a teacher should  
be unwilling to forego1 it is that1 of  
skill in elocution4  ,,articulation4 ,a 
good articulation consists in giving to 
each letter its appropriate sound1 and  
to each syllable and word an accurate1  
forcible1 and distinct utterance1       
according to an approved standard of    
pronunciation4  ,this is what           
constitutes the basis of all good       
delivery4 ,it has been well said that   
good articulation is to the ear what a  
fair hand or a clear type is to the eye4
 ,austin's often-quoted description of a
 good articulation must not be omitted  
here4 ,in just articulation1 the words  
are not to be hurried over1 nor         
precipitated syllable over syllable2 nor
 as it were melted together into a mass 
of confusion4 ,they should be neither   
abridged nor prolonged1 nor swallowed1  

nor forced2 they should not be trailed1 
nor drawled1 nor let to slip out        
carelessly1 so as to drop unfinished4   
,they are to be delivered out from the  
lips as beautiful coins newly issued    
from the mint1 deeply and accurately    
impressed1 perfectly finished1 neatly   
struck by the proper organs1 distinct1  
in due succession1 and of due weight4   
,good articulation is not only necessary
 to the speaker1 as a condition of being
 heard and understood1 but it is a      
positive beauty of delivery1 for the    
elementary sounds of speech1 when       
properly uttered1 are in themselves both
 agreeable and impressive4 ,for the     
attainment of this desirable            
accomplishment1 three classes of        
exercises are necessary4 #a4 ,upon the  
separate elementary sounds of the       
language1 both vowels and consonants2   
#b4 ,upon their various combinations1   
both such as constitute syllables and   
such as do not1 and especially the more 
difficult combinations of consonants2   

and1 #c4 ,upon words2 spelling them by  
sounds1 that is1 uttering the elementary
 sounds separately1 and then the whole  
word4  ,respecting these exercises1 ,dr4
 ,rush observes3--,when the elements are
 pronounced singly1 they may receive a  
concentration of organic effort1 which  
gives them a clearness of sound1 and a  
definiteness of outline1 if ,i may so   
speak1 at their extremes1 that make a   
fine preparation for a distinct and     
forcible pronunciation of the compounds 
of speech4 ,by elementary sounds is here
 meant the forty-two sounds of the      
language which are represented by the   
twenty-six letters of the alphabet4     
,they are represented in the following  
,,table ,,of ,,elementary ,,sounds4     
,,vowels4                    #a4 e1 eve4
   #g4 a1 arm4    #ac4 o1 move4         
#b4 i1 in4    #h4 a1 all4    #ad4 u1    
full4                   #c4 a1 ale4     
#i1 o1 on4     #ae4 u1 tune4            
#d4 e1 end4   #aj4 e1 err4   #af4 i1    
isle4                   #e4 a1 air4     

#aa4 o1 own4   #ag4 oi1 oil4            
#f4 a1 and4   #ab4 u1 un4    #ah4 ou1   
our4                                    
,,consonants4                   #a4 p1  
rope4    #i4 th1 bath4     #ag4 ch1     
etch4                  #b4 b1 robe4     
#aj4 th1 bath4    #ah4 dg17j7 edge4     
#c4 f1 safe4    #aa4 s1 buss4     #ai4  
sh1 rash4                  #d4 v1 save4 
#ab4 z1 buzz4     #bj4 g17zh7 rouge4    
#e4 m1 seem4    #ac4 l1 feel4     #ba4  
k1 rack4                  #f4 w1 way4   
#ad4 r1 fear4     #bb4 g1 rag4          
#g4 t1 feet4    #ae4 n1 seen4     #bc4  
ng1 sing4                  #h4 d1 feed4 
#af4 y1 yea4      #bd4 h1 hay4          
,pronounce the word eve1 for example1   
slowly and distinctly1 observing the    
sounds which compose the word1 and the  
movements of the organs in producing    
them4 ,then enunciate singly the sound  
which the letter standing on the left   
has in the word4 ,when a distinct idea  
of each sound has been acquired1 the    
practice on the separate elements may be

 continued without pronouncing the      
words4 ,i have heard these sounds given 
with distinctness by children five or   
six years of age4 ,indeed they should   
always be taught with the alphabet4     
,the next step in articulation proceeds 
with the combinations of the elementary 
sounds4 ,the most common combinations of
 consonantal sounds in pairs are those  
represented in the following            
,,table ,,of ,,combined ,,consonants4   
pl     lf     zm     zn     kr     vd   
rth                bl     lv     mp     
ln     pr     zd     nth                
fl     lt     mf     rn     rp     gd   
thz                vl     ld     mt     
nt     rb     bz     thr                
tl     ls     md     nd     rf     vz   
thn                dl     lz     mz     
ns     rv     dz     lch                
sl     lk     pn     nz     rt     gz   
rch                zl     lg     fn     
pr     rd     nk     nch                
kl     lm     vn     br     rz     ks   
ndg7j7                gl     ln     tn  

fr     rk     kt     shr                
lp     rm     dn     tr     rg     st   
ndg                lb     sm     sn     
dr     bd     sp     ndz  ,when the     
simpler combinations have become        
familiar1 the more difficult1 consisting
 of three or four consonants1 should be 
practised upon4 ,finally1 words should  
be pronounced simply as words1 giving   
attention solely to the articulation4   
,not that the first steps are expected  
to be perfect before the succeeding ones
 are attempted1 but that attention      
should be given to only one thing at a  
time1 a grand maxim in education1 when  
rightly understood4 ,these exercises    
should be commenced with the first steps
 in reading1 and continued until the    
articulation is perfected1 and the      
student has acquired facility as well as
 precision1 grace as well as force1 and 
distinctness and ease have been united  
and permanently secured4  ,i would not  
be understood to affirm that the mode   
here pointed out is the only one by     

which a good articulation can be        
acquired4 ,if a child is brought up     
among persons whose articulation is     
good1 and if1 from the earliest years1  
he is trained to speak with deliberation
 and distinctness1 he will in most cases
 have a good articulation for           
conversational purposes1 without special
 drilling on the elements4      ,,ii4   
,,that ,,which ,,relates ,,to ,,the     
,,expression ,,of ,,thoughts ,,and      
,,feelings1            ,,including ,,the
 ,,qualities ,,and ,,management ,,of    
,,the ,,voice4  ,this branch of vocal   
gymnastics comprises1 first the         
appropriate discipline of the voice for 
its formation and development1 by       
strengthening it1 by extending its      
compass1 and by improving its quality so
 as to render it full1 sonorous1 and    
agreeable2 and1 secondly1 the training  
of the voice in those modifications     
which are used in the expressions of    
thought and feeling1 including all that 
variety of management which appears in  

the delivery of a good speaker4         
,,strength4 ,to secure the requisite    
strength of voice should be our first   
aim in a course of vocal culture4 ,so   
important was this element of           
elocutionary training considered by the 
,athenians1 that they had a class of    
teachers who were wholly devoted to it  
as a specialty4 ,the zeal and           
perseverance of ,demosthenes in         
correcting the natural deficiencies of  
his voice1 have passed into a proverb4  
,how he was accustomed to run up the    
steepest hills1 and to declaim on the   
sea-shore1 when the waves were violently
 agitated1 in order to acquire strength 
of voice and force of utterance is known
 to every school-boy4  ,if strength of  
voice is of paramount importance to the 
speaker1 it is also an element which is 
very susceptible of cultivation4        
,professor ,russell says1--,the fact is 
familiar to instructors in elocution1   
that persons commencing practice in     
vocal gymnastics with a very weak and   

inadequate voice1 attain1 in a few      
weeks1 a perfect command of the utmost  
degrees of force4 ,as has already been  
intimated1 the strength of the voice    
depends directly upon the condition and 
use of the respiratory organs1 including
 the larynx1 and indirectly upon the    
general health and vigor of the whole   
physical system4 ,the volume of breath  
which can be inhaled1 and the force with
 which it can be expelled determine the 
degree of energy with which vocal sounds
 are uttered4 ,this fact affords a clear
 indication of the proper mode of       
developing the strength of the voice4   
,it is evident that the exercises which 
have for their object the strengthening 
of the voice1 should also be adapted to 
develop and perfect the process of      
breathing4 ,the student should be       
frequently trained in set exercises in  
loud exclamations1 pronouncing with     
great force the separate vowel sounds1  
single words1 and whole sentences1 and  
at the same time taking care to bring   

into vigorous action1 all the muscular  
apparatus of respiration4 ,shouting1    
calling1 and loud vociferation1 in the  
open air1 both while standing1 and while
 walking or running1 are1 with due      
caution1 effective means of acquiring   
vigor of utterance4 ,children when at   
play are instinctively given to         
vociferation1 which should be permitted1
 whenever practicable4 ,one of the most 
remarkable examples of the extent to    
which the power of voice may be         
developed1 is that of the ,rev4 ,mr4    
,whitefield1 the celebrated itinerant   
preacher4 ,having listened to his       
preaching in the open air1 in           
,philadelphia1 on a certain occasion1   
,dr4 ,franklin found by computation1    
that he might well be heard by more than
 thirty thousand auditors4 ,it is said  
that the habit of speaking gave to the  
utterance of ,garrick so wonderful an   
energy1 that even his under-key was     
distinctly audible to ten thousand      
people4 ,dr4 ,porter sums up this matter

 thus 3--,the public speaker needs a    
powerful voice2 the quantity of voice   
which he can employ1 at least can employ
 with safety1 depends on his strength of
 lungs2 and this again depends on a     
sound state of general health4 ,if he   
neglects this1 all other precautions    
will be useless4  ,,compass4 ,when a    
person is engaged in earnest            
conversation1 his voice spontaneously   
adopts a certain key or pitch4 ,this is 
called the natural or middle key1 and it
 varies in different persons4 ,pitt's   
voice1 it is said1 was a full tenor1 and
 ,fox's a treble4 ,when a speaker is    
incapable of loud and forcible utterance
 on both high and low notes1 his voice  
is said to be wanting in compass4       
,webster's voice was remarkable for the 
extent of its compass1 ranging with the 
utmost ease1 from the highest to the    
lowest notes1 required by a spirited and
 diversified delivery2 and such was said
 to be the versatility of ,whitefield's 
vocal power1 that he could imitate the  

tones of a female1 or the infant voice1 
at one time1 and at another1 strike his 
hearers with awe1 by the thunder of his 
under-key4  ,the want of compass is more
 frequently the result of bad habits of 
speaking and imperfect training than of 
incapacity of the vocal organs4 ,mr4    
,murdock1 the well-known actor and      
elocutionist1 tells us that1 by         
appropriate vocal training1 he gained1  
within the space of some months1 to such
 an extent1 in power and depth of voice1
 as to add to its previous range a full 
octave2 and this improvement was made at
 a period after he supposed himself     
nearly broken down in health and voice1 
by over-exertion on the stage4  ,a      
command of the low notes is essential to
 the fullest effect of impressive       
eloquence4 ,the strongest and deepest   
emotions can be expressed only by a     
full1 deep-toned utterance4 ,speaking on
 one key1 with only slight variations1  
either above or below it1 is perhaps the
 most common1 and1 at the same time1 the

 most injurious fault both of declaimers
 and of public speakers4  ,as a means of
 acquiring compass of voice1 the student
 should pronounce with great force the  
vowel sounds on both the highest and    
lowest notes he can reach4 ,this        
elementary drill should be followed by  
practice in reading and declaiming      
selections requiring the extreme notes  
of the compass4 ,for practice on the low
 notes1 passages should be selected     
expressing deep solemnity1 awe1 horror1 
melancholy1 or deep grief4 ,the         
following fine simile affords an        
excellent example for practice on the   
low notes3--               ,so when an  
angel1 by divine command1               
,with rising tempests shakes a guilty   
land1              ,such as of late o'er
 pale ,brittania passed1                
,calm and serene he drives the furious  
blast2              ,and1 pleased th'   
,almighty's orders to perform1          
,rides in the whirlwind and directs the 
storm4  ,the development of the top of  

the voice requires practice upon        
passages expressing brisk1 gay1 and     
joyous emotions1 and the extremes of    
pain1 fear1 and grief4 ,the following   
examples may serve as illustrations3    
,last came ,joy's ecstatic trial3       
,he1 with viny crown advancing1         
,first to the lively pipe his hand      
addressed3              ,but soon he saw
 the brisk1 awakening viol1             
,whose sweet entrancing voice he loved  
the best4              ,they would have 
thought1 who heard the strain1          
,they saw1 in ,temp's vale1 her native  
maids1              ,amidst the         
festal-sounding shades1              ,to
 some unlearned minstrel dancing2       
,while1 as his flying fingers kissed the
 strings1              ,love framed with
 ,mirth a gay fantastic round4          
,strike--till the last armed foe        
expires2              ,strike--for your 
altars and your fires2                  
,strike--for the green graves of your   
sires1--              ,god4--and your   

native land6  ,,quality4 ,a voice may   
possess the properties we have          
considered1 strength and compass1 and   
yet be very far from perfection4 ,it may
 be neither loud1 nor round1 nor clear1 
nor full1 nor sweet4 ,while on the other
 hand1 it may be hollow1 or aspirated1  
or guttural1 or nasal1 or possibly it   
may be afflicted with a combination of  
these faults4 ,as one of the most       
important conditions of success in the  
cultivation of the voice1 it is         
necessary that the student should       
acquire a distinct conception of the    
qualities and characteristics of a good 
voice1 as a standard1 a beau-ideal1     
which he may strive to reach4 ,this must
 be derived mainly from the             
illustrations of the teacher1 or from   
listening to the speaking of an         
accomplished orator4 ,no mere           
description is adequate to convey it to 
the learner without the aid of the      
living voice4 ,and yet1 such a quaint   
and charming description of both the    

negative and positive qualities of a    
good voice1 as the following1 from a    
colloquy between ,professor ,wilson and 
the ,ettrick ,shepherd1 is worth        
studying3--  ,,north4 7,professor       
,wilson7       ,james1 ,i love to hear  
your voice4 ,an ,esquimaux would feel   
himself getting civilized under it for  
there's sense in the very      sound4 ,a
 man's character speaks in his voice1   
even more than in      his words4 ,these
 he may utter by rote1 but his 'voice is
 the man      for a' that1' and betrays 
or divulges his peculiar nature4 ,do you
      like my voice1 ,james8 ,i hope you
 do4   ,shepherd4 7,james ,hogg47       
,i wad ha'e kent it1 ,mr4 ,north1 on the
 tower o' ,babel1 on the day      o' the
 great hubbub4 ,i think ,socrates maun  
ha'e had just sic a      voice--ye canna
 weel ca 't sweet1 for it is ower       
intellectual for      that--ye canna ca 
't saft1 for even in its aigh notes     
there's a      sort o' birr1 a sort o'  
dirl that betokens power--ye canna ca 't

      hairsh1 for angry as ye may be at 
times1 it's aye in tune frae      the   
fineness o' your ear for music--ye canna
 ca 't sherp1 for      it's aye sae     
nat'ral--and flett it cud never be1 gin 
you were      even gi'en ower by the    
doctors4 ,it's maist the only voice ,i  
ever      heard1 that ,i can say is at  
ance persuawsive and commanding--you    
micht fear 't1 but you maun love 't2 and
 there's no a voice in      all his     
,majesty's dominions1 better framed by  
nature to hold      communion with      
friend or foe4  ,the quality of voice to
 which ,i would here call special       
attention is called pure tone1 which in 
its perfection1 accompanied with        
strength and compass1 comprises nearly  
all the requisites of a good voice4     
,true utterance and pure tone1 says     
,professor ,russell1 employ the whole   
apparatus of voice1 in one consentaneous
 act1 combining in one perfect sphere of
 sound1 if it may be so expressed1 the  
depth of effect produced by the         

resonance of the chest1 the force and   
firmness imparted by the due compression
 of the throat1 the clear1 ringing      
property1 caused by the due proportion  
of nasal effect1 and the softening and  
sweetening influence of the head and    
mouth4   ,the orotund quality which is  
so effective in impassioned utterance1  
and in the expression of deep1 forcible1
 and sublime emotions1 is nothing more  
than pure tone increased in extent of   
volume1 and in intensity of force4 ,this
 modification of pure tone is very full1
 very rounds very smooth1 and very      
highly resonant or ringing4 ,it is what 
,dr4 ,rush regarded as the highest      
perfection of speech-voice1 and as the  
natural language of the highest species 
of emotion4 ,volume and energy are its  
distinguishing characteristics4 ,the    
piece from ,webster on page #afj1 is a  
good illustration of its use4  ,in      
cultivating purity of tone1 it is       
necessary1 in the first place1 to       
ascertain the elements of impurity1 and 

their causes and remedies4 ,to this     
negative process must be added the      
positive1 namely--attention to the due  
and proportionate development of all the
 vocal organs4 ,depth is increased by   
the expansion of the pharynx2 roundness 
and volume are promoted by the          
enlargement of the oral cavity1         
especially its back part2 and smoothness
 is the result of the free vibration of 
the vocal chords1 while resonance is    
produced by the proper expansion of the 
chest4  ,,modulation4 ,this has         
reference1 not to the qualities of the  
voice itself1 but to its management in  
delivery4 ,it includes those            
modifications and variations which are  
requisite for the expression of thoughts
 and feelings1 and are therefore        
denominated by some elocutionists1 the  
elements of expression1 in distinction  
from the elements of utterance1 which we
 have already considered under the      
preceding heads4 ,the principal         
expressive modifications of the voice1  

are pitch1 force1 rate1 pause1 and      
infection4 ,the voice should be         
exercised on these elements separately1 
till each can be produced in all its    
varieties and degrees4 ,the middle      
pitch1 or key-note1 is that of common   
discourse1 but by practice it may be    
rendered effective in public speaking4  
,neglect to cultivate and develop the   
power of speaking on this key1 often    
leads speakers to adopt the high1       
shouting note1 which is heard so        
commonly1 and with so much              
disapprobation1 at exhibitions of       
declamation4 ,every one can speak on a  
high key1 although without training few 
can do it pleasingly2 but command over  
the low notes of the voice is a rare    
accomplishment1 and an unequivocal      
characteristic of the finished speaker4 
,it is well to pay some attention to the
 very high and very low notes1 not so   
much for their own utility in public    
speaking as for the purpose of giving   
strength and firmness to the notes which

 are intermediate between the natural   
pitch and either extreme1 and which are 
designated as simply high and low1      
without any qualifying term4 ,after     
accustoming the ear and voice to the    
different notes1 the student should     
learn to make sudden transitions from   
one key to another4  ,,force4 ,the      
principal degrees of force requiring    
attention1 are three3 the moderate1 the 
declamatory1 and the impassioned4 ,the  
degrees lower than moderate are1 the    
suppressed and the subdued2 and those   
higher than impassioned are1 shouting   
and calling4 ,but these are not very    
important in practical delivery4  ,,rate
 has reference to the kinds of movement 
in delivery1 including the rapid1 the   
moderate1 and the slow4 ,mrs4 ,siddon's 
primary rule for good reading was1 ,take
 ,time4 ,excessive rapidity of utterance
 is1 undoubtedly1 a very prevalent      
fault1 both in speaking and in          
conversation4 ,deliberate speech is     
usually a characteristic of culture and 

good-breeding4 ,this excellence is      
greatly promoted by giving due quantity1
 or prolongation of sound1 to the       
vowels4  ,,pauses4 ,besides the pauses  
required by the syntactical structure of
 the sentence1 and denoted by           
grammatical punctuation1 there are the  
pauses of passion1 and the pauses at the
 termination of the clusters into which 
words are grouped in good speaking4     
,the pauses of emotion occur in         
impassioned delivery4 ,they usually     
consist in lengthening the stops        
indicated by the punctuation marks1     
especially those of the points of       
exclamation and interrogation1 and the  
dash4 ,pauses of this description       
constitute one of the most importent of 
the elements of emphatic expression1 and
 yet they are1 by many speakers1        
altogether neglected1 or so abridged as 
to destroy their effect4 ,the young     
student is particularly apt to disregard
 them4  ,the pauses which mark the      
grouping of words according to the      

sense1 and afford rests for taking      
breath1 should generally be introduced  
before the nominative1 if it consists of
 several words1 or if it is one         
important word2 before and after an     
intermediate clause2 before the         
relative2 before and after clauses      
introduced by prepositions2 before      
conjunctions2 and before the infinitive 
mood1 if any words intervene betwixt it 
and the word governing it4              
,,inflections4 ,the two chief           
inflections or slides are the raising   
and the falling4 ,the voice1 when       
properly managed1 usually rises or falls
 on each emphatic syllable4 ,these      
upward and downward movements of the    
voice are what we mean by inflections4  
,the student should practice on them    
till he can inflect with ease and in a  
full sonorous voice4 ,persons who are   
deficient in tune do not readily        
perceive the difference between the     
rising slide and loudness of voice1 or  
the falling and softness4 ,it is a very 

useful exercise to pronounce the long   
vowel sounds giving to each first the   
rising then the falling slide4 ,the     
prolongation of these sounds is most    
profitably connected with the slides1   
the voice being thus strengthened in its
 whole range of compass1 and1 at the    
same time1 accustomed to utter the      
musical sounds of speech with due       
quantity4 ,in inflecting the vowels1 the
 voice1 in order to rise1 begins low2   
and1 in order to fall1 it begins high4  
,the rising and falling slides combined 
form the circumflex1 or wave1 which is a
 very impressive and significant        
modification of the voice4 ,it is       
chiefly used in sarcasm1 raillery1      
irony1 wit1 and humor4 ,it well deserves
 careful study and practice4  ,,the     
,,monotone1 is the repetition of nearly 
the same tone on successive syllables1  
resembling the repeated strokes of the  
bell4 ,this element belongs to very     
grave delivery1 especially where        
emotions of awe1 sublimity1 grandeur1   

and vastness are expressed1 and is      
peculiarly adapted to devotional        
exercises4 ,the following example well  
illustrates its use3       ,he bowed the
 heavens also1 and came down2 and       
darkness was under      his feet1--,and 
he rode upon a cherub and did fly2 yea1 
he did      fly upon the wings of the   
wind4 ,he made darkness his secret      
place2 his pavilion round about him were
 dark waters and thick      clouds of   
the skies4  ,in practical delivery1 the 
elements of expression are never used   
independently of each other1 two or     
three being always combined1 even in the
 utterance of the shortest passage4 ,the
 perfection of vocal training1          
therefore1 requires a command1 not      
merely of each individual modification  
of the voice1 but of all their numerous 
combinations4 ,the following example    
requires the union of declamatory force1
 low pitch1 slow rate1 monotone1 and    
orotund quality3--                 ,high
 on a throne of royal state1 which far  

,outshone the wealth of ,ormus4 and of  
,ind1                ,or where the      
gorgeous ,east with richest hand1       
,showers on her kings barbaric pearl and
 gold1                ,satan exalted    
sat4  ,what has been said thus far1     
relates wholly to preparatory training  
in the elements of elocution4 ,i have   
dwelt upon this theoretical department  
of my subject1 because of its           
transcendent importance4 ,but ,i do not 
mean to imply1 in anything that has been
 presented1 that the pupil should be    
confined exclusively to this            
disciplinary drill1 for a long period1  
without attempting practical exercises  
in reading and declamation4 ,on the     
contrary1 ,i would recommend that this  
practice on the vocal and expressive    
elements be carried forward together    
with practice in speaking pieces4       
,exercises in vocal gymnastics1 such as 
,i have now indicated1 should be        
commenced with the first stages of      
education1 and continued1 with          

gradations adapted to the age and       
progress of the pupil1 through the whole
 course of instruction1 whether longer  
or shorter4 ,the value of thorough      
elementary training is well illustrated 
by the following anecdote respecting the
 education of the ear and the singing   
voice3--       ,porpora1 one of the most
 illustrious masters of ,italy1 having  
conceived a friendship for a young      
pupil1 exacted from him the      promise
 that he would persevere with constancy 
in the course      which he should mark 
out for him4 ,the master then noted upon
 a      single page of ruled paper1 the 
diatonic and chromatic scales1          
ascending and descending2 the intervals 
of third1 fourth1 fifth1      c4 ,this  
eternal page occupied master and pupil  
until the sixth      year1 when the     
master added some lessons in            
articulation and      declamation4 ,at  
the end of this year1 the pupil1 who    
still      supposed himself in the      
elements1 was much surprised when       

,porpora      said to him1 ',go1 my son1
 you have nothing more to learn2 you are
      the first singer of ,italy1 and of
 the world4' ,the master had      spoken
 the truth1 for this singer was         
,caffarelli1 the greatest      singer of
 the eighteenth century4                
,,expression  ,this term is used here1  
not in its limited and technical        
meaning1 but in its largest sense1 as a 
convenient one to denote the practical  
application of the principles of vocal  
culture which ,i have recommended4 ,we  
will suppose the student to be          
thoroughly trained in enunciation1 that 
his utterance is distinct and his       
pronunciation is correct1 and that his  
voice is fully developed and well       
modulated4 ,the question now arises1    
,how is he to be guided in the right use
 of his powers of speech in the delivery
 of a given piece8 ,on this point there 
is a wide difference of opinion among   
writers on elocution4 ,on the one hand  
there are those who contend that1 in the

 delivery of every sentence1 the        
application of emphasis1 pause1 pitch1  
inflection1 c41 should be governed by   
definite rules4 ,in accordance with this
 theory1 they have formed complex       
systems of elocutionary rules1 for the  
guidance of pupils in reading aloud and 
in declamation4 ,on the other hand1     
there are authorities of eminence1 who  
regard all specific rules for the       
management of the voice in speaking as  
not merely useless1 but positively      
injurious4 ,most prominent among the    
latter class is ,archbishop ,whately    
who1 in speaking of the method of       
teaching expressive delivery by rules1  
says3--,such a plan not only directs us 
into a circuitous and difficult path1   
towards an object which may be reached  
by a shorter and straighter1 but also in
 most instances completely fails of that
 very object1 and even produces oftener 
than not1 effects the very reverse of   
what was designed4 ,reprobating very    
emphatically all systematic attention to

 elocution as an art1 this eminent      
author advocates what he calls the      
natural manner of speaking1 for the     
attainment of which he prescribes the   
rule1 not only to pay no studied        
attention to the voice1 but studiously  
to withdraw the thoughts from it1 and to
 dwell as intently as possible on the   
sense1 trusting to nature to suggest    
spontaneously the proper emphasis and   
tones4  ,the true course seems to me to 
lie midway between these two opposite   
extremes4 ,while it is useless to       
attempt to reduce to exact system all   
the modifications of voice to be        
employed in the delivery of both plain  
and allegorical language1 still there   
are many important elocutionary rules   
and principles which are eminently      
useful for the guidance of the student4 
,because ,walker fell into the error of 
attempting to carry his principles too  
far1 and perplexed the student with an  
endless list of rules1 it does not      
follow that all rules should be         

disregarded4 ,his rules for inflections 
are1 no doubt1 too complex and          
artificial for ordinary instruction in  
elocution1 but those found in the works 
of ,dr4 ,porter and ,professor ,russell 
are calculated to afford important aid2 
and ,professor ,mark ,bailey1 in his    
,introduction to ,hillard's ,sixth      
,reader1 has still further simplified   
the subject4 ,the following principles  
which he lays down for regulating the   
inflections are at once comprehensive   
and practical4  ,the 'rising' and       
'falling' slides separate the great mass
 of ideas into two distinct classes2 the
 first comprising all the subordinate1  
or incomplete1 or1 as we prefer to name 
them1 the negative ideas2 the second    
comprising all the principal1 or        
complete1 or1 as we call them1 the      
positive ideas4  ,the most important    
parts of what is spoken or written1 are 
those which affirm something positively1
 such as the facts and truths asserted1 
the principles1 sentiments1 and actions 

enjoined1 with the illustrations1 and   
reasons1 and appeals1 which enforce     
them4 ,all these may properly be grouped
 into one class1 because they all should
 have the same kind of slide in reading4
 ,this class we call 'positive ideas4'  
,so all the other ideas which do not    
affirm or enjoin anything positively1   
which are circumstantial and incomplete1
 or in open contrast with the positive1 
all these ideas may be properly grouped 
into another single class because they  
all should have the same kind of slide4 
,this class we call 'negative ideas4'   
,positive ideas should have the falling 
slide2 ,negative ideas should have the  
rising slide4  ,all sincere and earnest1
 or1 in other words1 all upright and    
downright ideas demand the straight1 or 
upright and downright slides4  ,all     
ideas which are not sincere or earnest1 
but are used in jest1 or irony1 in      
ridicule1 sarcasm1 or mockery1 in       
insinuation or double-meaning1 demand   
the crooked or circumflex slides4       

,these rules taken in connection with   
the accompanying brief but clear and    
precise explanation of the meaning      
attached to the words positive and      
negative1 constitute the most admirable 
generalization that ,i have met with in 
elocutionary works of more recent date  
than that of ,dr4 ,rush4 ,and1 indeed1  
,professor ,bailey's whole treatment of 
that part of elocution now under        
consideration1 is the best illustration 
,i can name of the middle course which  
,i recommend4 ,avoiding alike the ultra 
artificial system of ,walker and the    
ultra natural system of ,whately1 he    
combines in his instruction the         
excellencies of both1 without their     
faults4 ,he is both philosophical in his
 theory1 and practical in its           
application4 ,he attempts only what is  
practicable4 ,he insists on analysis1   
but his analysis is at once simple and  
comprehensive4 ,he classes the different
 kinds of composition with respect to   
the emotions1 as follows1--#a4          

,unemotional2 #b4 ,bold2 #c4 ,animated  
or joyous2 #d4 ,subdued or pathetic2 #e4
 ,noble2 #f4 ,grave2 #g4 ,ludicrous or  
sarcastic1 #h4 ,impassioned1--and then  
indicates the modifications of voice    
appropriate for each4  ,now such a      
course of training based on such        
principles1 especially if pursued under 
a competent instructor1 cannot fail to  
be highly beneficial4 ,experience has   
proved it4 ,whately is evidently in     
error in wholly proscribing attention to
 the voice in speaking4 ,in learning to 
dance1 the pupil must pay attention to  
the motions of his limbs1 but when      
practice has made the movements         
familiar1 his mind is withdrawn from    
them4 ,they then become natural4 ,just  
so will the student of elocution4 ,in   
his disciplinary exercises he must      
attend to his voice4 ,he must become    
accustomed to the correct application of
 tones and inflections in the delivery  
of passages which illustrate them4 ,but 
when he comes to practical delivery1    

then the mind should be withdrawn from  
the manner of utterance1 and            
concentrated intensely upon the         
matter1--the thoughts and feelings to be
 expressed4 ,in private rehearsals1 the 
management of the voice will be a very  
prominent object of attention4          
,declamation is a sort of transition    
stage1 or intermediate exercise between 
private rehearsal and practical delivery
 at the bar1 in the pulpit1 or on the   
platform1 and will require more or less 
attention to the voice1 in proportion to
 the progress already made by the pupil4
 ,judicious practice will gradually     
carry him to that point where he will   
wholly cease to think of his manner1 and
 become entirely absorbed in his        
subject4 ,he then becomes natural4 ,but 
even the most accomplished orator must  
occasionally give some thought to his   
voice4 ,when he rises to address an     
audience in a new place he must consider
 the circumstances1--the capacity of the
 apartment1 the nature and temper of his

 auditors1 c41 and pitch his voice      
accordingly4 ,in other words1 the       
speaker must on all occasions give a    
general attention to his                
voice1--sufficient1 at least1 to adapt  
it to the requirements of the position  
in which he is placed1 modifying it in  
the progress of the discourse1 as the   
necessity of the case demands4 ,if the  
matter of his discourse is very         
familiar1 the skilful speaker may       
greatly augment the effectiveness of his
 delivery by more particular attention  
to the manner1 while he will seem wholly
 absorbed in the spirit and sense of    
what he utters4                         
,,gesture4  ,the limited space allotted 
to this introduction will not permit a  
full discussion of this topic1 and ,i   
must content myself with presenting a   
few general observations concerning it4 
,the little child1 in the unconscious   
freedom of childhood1 before his actions
 and manners have been modified by the  
restraints of artificial life1 affords  

the best model of gesture4 ,his instinct
 prompts him to that visible expression 
of his thoughts and feelings            
,which we are toiling all our lives to  
find4  ,and it may be assumed as a      
general fact that external expression1  
unless repressed by habit or design1    
usually corresponds with internal       
emotion4 ,the great desideratum in      
gesture is to make the visible          
expression in delivery harmonize with   
the audible1 or1 as ,shakspeare has it1 
to suit the action to the word1 and the 
word to the action4  ,professor         
,russell1 in his excellent analysis of  
this subject says1 ,the true speaker    
must have a true manner2 and of the five
 great attributes of genuine expression 
in attitude and action1 ,,truth stands  
first1 followed by ,,firmness1 ,,force1 
,,freedom1 and ,,propriety4 ,,grace1    
which is sometimes added as a sixth1 is1
 in all true manly eloquence1 but       
another name for the symmetry which     
flows from appropriateness2 and1 in     

masculine expression1 should never be a 
distinct object of attention4  ,in order
 to speak well1 the orator must be able 
to stand well1 that is1 he should assume
 a firm but easy and graceful attitude1 
the weight of the body resting          
principally on one foot4 ,the distance  
between the feet should be such as to   
give both firmness and freedom to the   
position ,one foot should be in advance 
of the other1 the toes being turned     
outward4 ,the attitude should vary with 
the thoughts and emotions expressed4    
,unemotional thoughts require an        
attitude of repose1 the body resting on 
the retired foot4 ,bold and impassioned 
language requires the reverse of this4  
,the body is thrown forward1 resting on 
the foot advanced4 ,in turning from side
 to side1 the toes should be kept apart 
and the heels together4  ,the principal 
feature of bodily action consists in the
 proper use of the hands4 ,have not1    
says ,quintilion1 our hand's the power  
of exciting1 of restraining1 of         

beseeching1 of testifying approbation1  
admiration1 and shame8 ,do they not1 in 
pointing out places and persons1        
discharge the duty of adverbs and       
pronouns8 ,so amidst the great diversity
 of tongues-pervading all nations and   
peoples1 the language of the hands      
appears to be a language common to all  
men4 ,we stretch forth and clasp the    
hands when we importunately entreat1    
sue1 beseech1 supplicate1 or ask mercy4 
,to put forth the right hand spread open
 is the gesture of bounty1 liberality1  
and a free heart2 and thus we reward1   
and bestow gifts4 ,placing with         
vehemence the right fist in the left    
palm is a gesture commonly used to mock1
 chide1 insult1 reproach1 and rebuke4   
,to beckon with the raised hand is a    
universal sign of craving audience and  
entreating a favorable silence4 ,to wave
 the hand from us1 the palm outward1 is 
the gesture of repulsion1 aversion1     
dismissal4 ,to shake the fist at one    
signifies anger and defiance and        

threatening4 ,the hands are clasped or  
wrung in deep sorrow1 and outstretched  
with the palms inward to indicate       
welcoming1 approving1 and receiving4 ,in
 shame1 the hand is placed before the   
eyes2 in earnestness and ardor1 the     
hands reach forward2 in joy1 they are   
thrown up1 widely apart2 in exultation  
and triumph1 the right hand is waved    
above the head4  ,in the rhetorical     
actions of the hand1 the happy medium   
ought to be observed2 for the action of 
the hand should be full of dignity and  
magnanimous resolution1 making it a     
liberal index of the mind4 ,a ,french   
writer admirably remarks that we should 
move the arms because we are animated1  
but not try to appear animated by moving
 the arms4  ,the countenance1 especially
 the eye1 should be made to speak as    
well as the tongue4 ,it is said of      
,chatham1 that such was the power of his
 eye1 that he very often cowed down an  
antagonist in the midst of his speech1  
and threw him into confusion4 ,it is    

through the eye1 scarcely less than     
through the tones of voice1 that        
intercourse of soul is carried on       
between the speaker and hearers4 ,to    
secure this intercourse the speaker     
should let his soul beam from his eye4  
,nor should he fail to look at his      
hearers1 if he would have his hearers   
look at him4 ,among the faults to be    
avoided in the management of the eye1   
,dr4 ,porter notices particularly that  
unmeaning look which the eye bent on    
vacuity has1 resembling the inexpressive
 glare of the glass eye of a wax figure2
 that indefinite sweep of the eye which 
ranges from one side to the other of an 
assembly1 resting nowhere2 and that     
tremulous1 roving cast of the eye1 and  
winking of the eyelid1 which is in      
direct contrast to an open1 collected1  
manly expression of the face4  ,among   
the faults of action to be noticed      
are3--#a4 ,want of action2 #b4 ,want of 
expression of countenance2 #c4 ,a stiff1
 or a careless1 attitude2 #d4 ,want of  

appropriateness2 #e4 ,excess of motions 
of the hands and arms2 #f4 ,too great   
violence of action2 #g4 ,too great      
complexity2 #h4 ,a mechanical           
uniformity2 #i4 ,tardiness1 the action  
following the utterances when it should 
accompany it1 or slightly precede it4   
,it must not be supposed that it is     
necessary for the pupil to receive      
training in a technical system of       
gesticulation before he commences his   
exercises in declamation4 ,if the       
student designs to qualify himself to be
 a professor of elocution1 he will need 
to study the laws of gesture in         
,austin's ,chironomia1 and be instructed
 in their application by a skillful     
teacher4 ,but this course is neither    
practicable nor necessary for the mass  
of students4 ,instruction in this       
department should generally be of a     
negative nature1 and occupy itself      
mainly in the correction of faults4     
,when the pupil commences his exercises 
in declamation1 the less said about     

action the better4 ,freedom is the first
 thing to be secured1 and1 to attain    
this end1 few directions should be given
 and few criticisms be made1 at the     
outset4 ,when the speaker has acquired  
some confidence1 and freedom of action1 
his faults may be gradually pointed out1
 and his attention called to some       
general principles of gesture1 such as  
have been presented respecting the      
language of the hands4 ,pupils should be
 taught to observe accurately the action
 of accomplished orators1 not with the  
view to imitating their peculiarities1  
but to learn their method of producing  
effect by means of attitude and gesture4
                                        
,,declamation4  ,declamation should be  
attended to in all grades of educational
 institutions1 from the primary school  
to the college1 and every pupil should  
be required to take his turn in the     
performance of the exercise4 ,it would  
be highly beneficial1 if well taught4   
,the reason why so many teachers have no

 taste for it1 is because they have not 
taken pains to qualify themselves to    
teach it4 ,want of time is sometimes    
offered as an excuse for neglecting it4 
,but if a part of the time which is     
devoted to teaching reading1 were       
appropriately to declamation1 the       
progress in reading itself would be more
 rapid1 to say nothing of other         
advantages which would result from this 
course4 ,i cannot too earnestly urge    
upon every teacher the importance of    
qualifying himself for teaching well    
both reading and declamation1 ,there is 
no accomplishment which more effectively
 promotes the success of the teacher    
than that of elocutionary culture1--a   
good voice skillfully managed in        
conversation and in teaching4 ,without  
special attention to the subject1       
teachers are apt to acquire certain     
characteristic faults of voice1 such as 
nasality1 sharpness1 harshness1 and     
thinness of tone1 of which they are     
quite unconscious4 ,whereas1 by constant

 attention to the manner of using the   
voice1 since they are in constant       
practice1 it might be perfected in its  
modulation4 ,for want of culture in the 
elocutionary art1 many teachers are     
greatly deceived1 thinking their pupils 
read and declaim well when they do not4 
,in the management of declamation much  
care should be taken in the selection of
 the pieces4 ,it is best for the pupil1 
in the first place1 after proper advice1
 to exercise his own taste in the       
selection of his piece1 which should    
then be submitted to the teacher for    
approval4 ,if the selection is very     
appropriate1 the pupil should be        
commended and told why the piece is     
considered suitable4 ,if the selection  
presented is not suitable1 the pupil    
should be informed on what ground it is 
objected to1 so as to aid his judgment  
in another attempt4 ,if the pupil has   
made proper effort without success1 he  
should be assisted by the teacher4 ,it  
is very important that the selection    

should be suited to the capacity and    
progress of the pupil4 ,beginners should
 take simple pieces1 and not be allowed1
 as is sometimes the case1 to murder a  
passage from ,paradise ,lost1 or        
,macbeth4 ,sometimes a fault is         
committed on the part of the teacher1 by
 permitting a pupil to confine his      
selections to one favorite class4 ,i    
have observed in certain schools1 that  
one particular boy would always appear  
in a comic piece1 another in a tragic1  
and so on4 ,it would be better for the  
teacher to require each pupil to speak a
 variety of pieces1 so as to secure a   
more general and comprehensive culture  
than would result from practice on a    
single class of selections4  ,the choice
 of the piece should be determined upon 
a considerable period previous to the   
day appointed for the public performance
 of the stage1 so as to afford ample    
time for preparation4 ,the piece should 
be accurately committed to memory1      
without the variation of a syllable4 ,it

 should be made familiar1 so that in the
 delivery no effort will be required in 
recalling it4 ,the young pupil should be
 instructed in the best method of       
learning his piece4 ,it will generally  
be found best to take one sentence at a 
time4 ,the teacher's chief work consists
 in attending to individual private     
rehearsals4 ,the rehearsal should be a  
drill4 ,the piece should be analyzed    
more or less minutely1 the allusions and
 difficult points being explained4 ,it  
should be the first aim to make the     
pupil understand it1 not only in its    
general spirit and scope1 but in its    
particular ideas4 ,his attention should 
then be turned to the emotions which it 
expresses4 ,let it be remembered that   
the paramount object should be to make  
the pupil understand the meaning and    
feel the spirit of the piece4 ,if he is 
timid and diffident he should be        
encouraged4 ,tell him that even ,daniel 
,webster could not make a declamation at
 the first attempt2 but that he did not 

despair2 he did not cease his efforts2  
he persevered and succeeded4  ,after the
 rehearsal1 the pupil should have time  
to practice by himself and apply and    
confirm the instruction received from   
his teacher4 ,it must be impressed upon 
his mind that if he would attain        
excellence he must practice1 practice1  
practice4 ,he must be made to understand
 that the repetition of a piece three or
 four times is no adequate preparation1 
and that it is necessary to go over with
 it twenty1 thirty1 or fifty times1 if  
he would excel1 and take a high rank4   
,when the declamation takes place1      
excepting on public occasions1 the      
criticisms ought to be made immediately 
after the performance of each speaker4  
,the faults of the diffident should be  
mildly criticized4 ,it is very important
 to call attention to points of special 
excellence in any performance4 ,it      
should be remembered that judicious     
commendation is a most powerful         
stimulant to exertion4  ,the most       

difficult task in teaching declamation  
is to develop that indescribable fervor1
 that unaffected earnestness of manner  
which always captivates the hearers1 and
 wins the highest marks at an exhibition
 for prizes4 ,there will always be one  
speaker in a school who excels all the  
rest in this quality4 ,the teacher      
should point out the peculiar excellence
 of this speaker1 and show wherein it   
differs from loudness of voice1 and     
violence of actions and affected        
passion4 ,let it be remembered that the 
perfection of declamation consists in   
delivering the piece as though it were  
real speaking4 ,the speaker must put    
himself in imagination1 so completely   
into the situation of him whom he       
personages1 and adopt for the moment1 so
 perfectly1 all the sentiments and views
 of that character1 as to express       
himself exactly as such a person would  
have done1 in the supposed situation4   
,give the speaker every other           
quality--let his enunciation1 his       

modulation of voice1 and his action be  
faultless1 and yet without earnestness1 
real earnestness1--not the semblance of 
it1 not boisterous vociferation1 not    
convulsive gesticulation1 but genuine   
emotion felt in the heart1 carrying the 
conviction to the hearers that the      
sentiments uttered are real1 the        
spontaneous1 irrepressible outpouring of
 the thought and feeling of the         
speaker1--without this sovereign1       
crowning quality1 he cannot be said to  
speak with eloquence4 ,to bring out and 
develop this highest quality of         
delivery1 requires the highest skill in 
the teacher4 ,unless the teacher        
possesses some degree of this quality   
himself he cannot develop it in his     
pupils4  ,the best immediate preparation
 for speaking is rest4 ,i have often    
noticed that speakers at exhibitions    
have in many cases failed to do         
themselves justice from sheer           
exhaustion4 ,a day or two of repose     
previous to speaking1 enables the       

speaker to bring to the performance that
 vigor of the faculties which is        
indispensable to the highest success1   
,webster told the ,senate1 and truly1 no
 doubt1 that he slept soundly on the    
night previous to the delivery of his   
second speech on ,foote's resolution1   
which is considered his greatest        
parliamentary effort4 ,it is well for   
the speaker to remember what ,mr4       
,everett said in allusion to this fact3 
,so the great ,cond slept on the eve of 
the battle of ,rocroi1 so ,alexander    
slept on the eve of the battle of       
,arbela1 and so they awoke to deeds of  
immortal fame4  ,the best training      
cannot make good readers and good       
speakers of all pupils1 but it can do   
much4 ,and it is a fact worthy of       
observation that those who are most     
sceptical as to the possibilities of    
elocutionary culture1 are invariably    
those who are themselves unskillful     
teachers in this branch4                
,,book ,,first4                         

,,standard ,,selections                 
,,for                                   
,,recitation ,,and ,,declamation        
,,in ,,prose ,,and ,,poetry4            
,,book ,,first4                         
,,standard ,,selections4                
,,prose4                       ,i4 ,,the
 ,,noble ,,purposes ,,of ,,eloquence4   
,if we consider the noble purposes to   
which ,eloquence may be made            
subservient1 we at once perceive its    
prodigious import ance to the best      
interests of mankind4 ,the greatest     
masters of the art have concurred1 upon 
the greatest occasions of its display1  
in pronouncing that its estimation      
depends on the virtuous and rational use
 made of it4  ,it is but reciting the   
common praises of the ,art of           
,persuasion1 to remind you how sacred   
truths may be most ardently promulgated 
at the altar--the cause of oppressed    
innocence be most woefully defended--the
 march of wicked rulers be most         
triumphantly resisted--defiance the most

 terrible be hurled at the oppressor's  
head4 ,in great convulsions of public   
affairs1 or in bringing about salutary  
changes1 every one confesses how        
important an ally eloquence must be4    
,but in peaceful times1 when the        
progress of events is slow and even as  
the silent and unheeded pace of time1   
and the jars of a mighty tumult in      
foreign and domestic concerns can no    
longer be heard1 then1 too1 she         
flourishes--protectress of              
liberty--patroness of                   
improvement--guardian of all the        
blessings that can be showered upon the 
mass of human kind2--nor is her form    
ever seen but on ground consecrated to  
free institutions4  ,to me1 calmly      
revolving these things1 such pursuits   
seem far more noble objects of ambition 
than any upon which the vulgar herd of  
busy men lavish prodigal their restless 
exertions4 ,to diffuse useful           
information1 to further intellectual    
refinement1 sure forerunner of moral    

improvement1--to hasten the coming of   
the bright day when the dawn of general 
knowledge shall chase away the lazy1    
lingering class1 even from the base of  
the great social pyramid2--this indeed  
is a high calling1 in which the most    
splendid talents and consummate virtue  
may well press onward1 eager to bear a  
part4                                   
,lord ,brougham4                        
,,ii4                            ,,rolla
 ,,to ,,the ,,peruvians4  ,my brave     
associates--partners of my toil1 my     
feelings1 and my fame6 ,can ,rolla's    
words add vigor to the virtuous energies
 which inspire your hearts8--,no6 ,you  
have judged1 as ,i have1 the foulness of
 the crafty plea1 by which these bold   
invaders would delude you4 ,your        
generous spirit has compared1 as mine   
has1 the motives which1 in a war like   
this1 can animate their minds and ours4 
,they1 by a strange frenzy driven1 fight
 for power1 for plunder1 and extended   
rule2--we1 for our country1 our altars1 

and our homes4 ,they follow an          
adventurer whom they fear1 and obey a   
power which they hate2--we serve a      
monarch whom we love1--a ,god whom we   
adore4 ,wherever they move in anger1    
desolation tracks their progress4       
,wherever they pause in amity1          
affliction mourns their friendship4     
,they boast they come but to improve our
 state1 enlarge our thoughts1 and free  
us from the yoke of error6 ,yes2--they  
will give enlightened freedom to our    
minds1 who are themselves the slaves of 
passion1 avarice1 and pride4 ,they offer
 us their protection6 ,yes1 such        
protections as vultures give to         
lambs1--covering and devouring them6    
,they call on us to barter all the good 
we have inherited and proved1 for the   
desperate chance of something better1   
which they promise6  ,be our plain      
answer this3 ,the throne we honor is the
 ,people's choice1--the laws we         
reverence are our brave fathers'        
legacy1--the faith we follow teaches us 

to live in bonds of charity with all    
mankind1 and die with hope of bliss     
beyond the grave4 ,tell your invaders   
this2 and tell them too1 we seek no     
change2 and1 least of all1 such change  
as they would bring us6                 
,r4 ,b4 ,sheridan4                      
,,iii4                      ,,invective 
,,against ,,warren ,,hastings4  ,if1 my 
,lords1 a stranger had at this time gone
 into the province of ,oude1 ignorant of
 what had happened since the death of   
,sujah ,dowlah--that prince who with a  
savage heart had still great lines of   
character1 and who1 with all his        
ferocity in war1 had1 with a cultivating
 hand1 preserved to his country the     
wealth which it derived from benignant  
skies and a prolific soil--if1 ignorant 
of all that had happened in the short   
interval1 and observing the wide and    
general devastation of fields unclothed 
and brown2 of vegetation burned up and  
extinguished2 of villages depopulated   
and in ruins2 of temples unroofed and   

perishing2 of reservoirs broken down and
 dry1 this stranger should ask1 what has
 thus laid waste this beautiful and     
opulent land2 what monstrous madness has
 ravaged with wide-spread war2 what     
desolating foreign foe2 what civil      
discords2 what disputed succession2 what
 religious zeal2 what fabled monster has
 stalked abroad1 and1 with malice and   
mortal enmity to man1 withered by the   
grasp of death every growth of nature   
and humanity1 all means of delight1 and 
each original1 simple principle of bare 
existence8 the answer would have been1  
not one of these causes6 ,no wars have  
ravaged these lands and depopulated     
these villages6 ,no desolating foreign  
foe6 ,no domestic broils6 ,no disputed  
succession6 ,no religious               
super-serviceable zeal6 ,no poisonous   
monster6 ,no affliction of ,providence1 
which1 while it scourged us1 cut off the
 sources of resuscitation6 ,no6 ,this   
damp of death is the mere effusion of   
,british amity6 ,we sink under the      

pressure of their support6 ,we writhe   
under their perfidious gripe6 ,they have
 embraced us with their protecting arms1
 and lo6 these are the fruits of their  
alliance6  ,what then1 my ,lords1 shall 
we bear to be told that1 under such     
circumstances1 the exasperated feelings 
of a whole people1 thus spurred on to   
clamor and resistance1 were excited by  
the poor and feeble influence of the    
,begums8 ,after hearing the description 
given by an eye-witness of the paroxysm 
of fever and delirium into which despair
 threw the natives when on the banks of 
the polluted ,ganges1 panting for       
breath1 they tore more widely open the  
lips of their gaping wounds1 to         
accelerate their dissolution2 and while 
their blood was issuing1 presented their
 ghastly eyes to heaven1 breathing their
 last and fervent prayer that the dry   
earth might not be suffered to drink    
their blood1 but that it might rise up  
to the throne of ,god1 and rouse the    
eternal ,providence to avenge the wrongs

 of their country1--will it be said that
 all this was brought about by the      
incantations of these ,begums in their  
secluded ,zenana2 or that they could    
inspire this enthusiasm and this despair
 into the breasts of a people who felt  
no grievance1 and had suffered no       
torture8  ,what motive1 then1 could have
 such influence in their bosom8 ,what   
motive6 ,that which nature1 the common  
parent1 plants in the bosom of man2 and 
which1 though it may be less active in  
the ,indian than in the ,englishman1 is 
still congenial with1 and makes a part  
of his being4 ,that feeling which tells 
him that man was never made to be the   
property of man2 but that1 when in the  
pride and insolence of power1 one human 
creature dares to tyrannize over        
another1 it is a power usurped1 and     
resistance is a duty4 ,that principle   
which tells him that resistance to power
 usurped is not merely a duty which he  
owes to himself and to his neighbor1 but
 a duty which he owes to his ,god1 in   

asserting and maintaining the rank which
 he gave him in his creation--that ,god1
 who1 where he gives the form of man1   
whatever may be the complexion1 gives   
also the feelings and the rights of man4
 ,that principle which neither the      
rudeness of ignorance can stifle1 nor   
the enervation of refinement extinguish6
 ,that principle which makes it base for
 a man to suffer when he ought to act2  
which1 tending to preserve to the       
species the original designations of    
,providence1 spurns at the arrogant     
distinctions of man1 and indicates the  
independent quality of his race4        
,r4 ,b4 ,sheridan4                      
,,iv4                          ,,the    
,,bible ,,the ,,best ,,classic  ,the    
,bible is the only book which ,god has  
ever sent1 and the only one he ever will
 send into the world4 ,all other books  
are frail and transient as time1 since  
they are only the registers of time2 but
 the ,bible is as durable as eternity1  
for its pages contain the records of    

eternity4 ,all other books are weak and 
imperfect1 like their author1 man2 but  
the ,bible is a transcript of infinite  
power and perfection4 ,every other      
volume is limited in its usefulness and 
influence2 but the ,bible came forth    
conquering and to conquer1--rejoicing as
 a giant to run his course1--and like   
the sun1 there is nothing hid from the  
heat thereof4 ,the ,bible only1 of all  
the myriads of books the world has seen1
 is equally important and interesting to
 all mankind4 ,its tidings1 whether of  
peace or of woe1 are the same to the    
poor1 the ignorant1 and the weak as to  
the rich1 the wise1 and the powerful4   
,among the most remarkable of its       
attributes1 is justice2 for it looks    
with impartial eyes on kings and on     
slaves1 on the hero and the soldier1 on 
philosophers and peasants1 on the       
eloquent and the dumb4 ,from all1 it    
exacts the same obedience to its        
commandments3 to the good1 it promises  
the fruits of his labors2 to the evil1  

the reward of his hands4 ,nor are the   
purity and holiness1 the wisdom1        
benevolence1 and truth of the           
,scriptures less conspicuous than their 
justice4 ,in sublimity and beauty1 in   
the descriptive and pathetic1 in dignity
 and simplicity of narrative1 in power  
and comprehensiveness1 in depth and     
variety of thought1 in purity and       
elevation of sentiment1 the most        
enthusiastic admirers of the heathen    
classics have conceded their inferiority
 to the ,scriptures4  ,the ,bible1      
indeed1 is the only universal classic1  
the classic of all mankind1 of every age
 and country of time and eternity2 more 
humble and simple than the primer of a  
child1 more grand and magnificent than  
the epic and the oration1 the ode and   
the dramas when genius1 with his chariot
 of fire1 and his horses of ire1 ascends
 in whirlwind into the heaven of his own
 invention4 ,it is the best classic the 
world has ever seen1 the noblest that   
has ever honored and dignified the      

language of mortals6  ,if you boast that
 the ,aristotles and the ,platos1 and   
the ,tullies of the classic age1 dipped 
their pens in intellect1 the sacred     
authors dipped theirs in inspiration4   
,if those were the secretaries of       
nature1 these were the secretaries of   
the very ,author of nature4 ,if ,greece 
and ,rome have gathered into their      
cabinet of curiosities the pearls of    
heathen poetry and eloquence1 the       
diamonds of pagan history and           
philosophy1 ,god himself has treasured  
up in the ,scriptures1 the poetry and   
eloquence1 the philosophy and history of
 sacred law-givers1 of prophets and     
apostles1 of saints1 evangelists1 and   
martyrs4 ,in vain you may seek for the  
pure and simple light of universal truth
 in the ,augustan ages of antiquity4 ,in
 the ,bible only1 is the poet's wish    
fulfilled1--                ,and like   
the sun be all one boundless eye4       
,t4 ,s4 ,grimk4                         
,v4                           ,,what    

,,we ,,owe ,,to ,,the ,,sword4  ,to the 
question1 ,what have the ,people ever   
gained but by ,revolution8 ,i answer1   
boldly1 ,if by revolution be understood 
the law of the sword1 ,liberty has lost 
far more than she ever gained by it4    
,the sword was the destroyer of the     
,lycian ,confederacy and the ,achan     
,league4 ,the sword alternately enslaved
 and disenthralled ,thebes and ,athens1 
,sparta1 ,syracuse1 and ,corinth4 ,the  
sword of ,rome conquered every other    
free ,state1 and finished the murder of 
,liberty in the ancient world1 by       
destroying herself4 ,what but the sword1
 in modern times1 annihilated the       
,republics of ,italy1 the ,hanseatic    
,towns1 and the primitive independence  
of ,ireland1 ,wales1 and ,scotland8     
,what but the sword partitioned ,poland1
 assassinated the rising liberty of     
,spain1 banished the ,huguenots from    
,france1 and made ,cromwell the master1 
not the servant1 of the ,people8 ,and   
what but the sword of ,republican       

,france destroyed the independence of   
half of ,europe1 deluged the continent  
with tears1 devoured its millions upon  
millions1 and closed the long catalogue 
of guilt1 by founding and defending to  
the last1 the most powerful1 selfish1   
and insatiable of military despotisms8  
,the sword1 indeed1 delivered ,greece   
from the ,persian invader1 expelled the 
,tarquins from ,rome1 emancipated       
,switzerland and ,holland1 restored the 
,prince to his throne1 and brought      
,charles to the scaffold4 ,and the sword
 redeemed the pledge of the ,congress of
 '#gf when they plighted to each other  
their lives1 their fortunes1 and their  
sacred honor4 ,and yet1 what would the  
redemption of that pledge have availed  
towards the establishment of our present
 government1 if the spirit of ,american 
institutions had not been both the      
birthright and the birth-blessing of the
 ,colonies8 ,the ,indians1 the ,french1 
the ,spaniards1 and even ,england       
herself1 warred in vain against a       

people1 born and bred in the household1 
at the domestic altar of ,liberty       
herself ,they had never been slaves1 for
 they were born free4 ,the sword was a  
herald to proclaim their freedom1 but it
 neither created nor preserved it4 ,a   
century and a half had already beheld   
them free in infancy1 free in youth1    
free in early manhood4 ,theirs was      
already the spirit of ,american         
institutions2 the spirit of ,christian  
freedom of a temperate1 regulated       
freedom1 of a rational civil obedience4 
,for such a people the sword1 the law of
 violence1 did and could do nothing but 
sever the bonds which bound her colonial
 wards to their unnatural guardian4     
,they redeemed their pledge1 sword in   
hand2 but the sword left them as it     
found them1 unchanged in character1     
freemen in thought and in deed1 instinct
 with the immortal spirit of ,american  
institutions4                           
,t4 ,s ,grimk4                          
,,vi4                    ,,duty ,,of    

,,literary ,,men ,,to ,,their ,,country4
  ,we cannot honor our country with too 
deep a reverence2 we cannot love her    
with an affection too pure and fervent2 
we cannot serve her with an energy of   
purpose or a faithfulness of zeal too   
steadfast and ardent4 ,and what is our  
country8 ,it is not the ,east1 with her 
hills and her valleys1 with her         
countless sails and the rocky ramparts  
of her shores4 ,it is not the ,north1   
with her thousand villages1 and her     
harvest-home1 with her frontiers of the 
lake and the ocean4 ,it is not the      
,west1 with her forrest-sea and her     
inland-isles1 with her luxuriant        
expanses1 clothed in the verdant corn1  
with her beautiful ,ohio and her        
majestic ,missouri4 ,nor is it yet the  
,south1 opulent in the mimic snow of the
 cotton1 in the rich plantations of the 
rustling cane1 and in the golden robes  
of the rice-field4 ,what are these but  
the sister families of one greater1     
better1 holier family1--our country8  ,i

 come not here to speak the dialect1 or 
to give the counsels of the             
patriot-statesman4 ,but ,i come1 a      
patriot scholar1 to vindicate the rights
 and to plead for the interests of      
,american ,literature4 ,and be assured1 
that we cannot1 as patriot-scholars1    
think too highly of that country1 or    
sacrifice too much for her4 ,and let us 
never forget1 let us rather remember    
with a religious awe1--that the union of
 these ,states is indispensable to our  
literature1 as it is to our national    
independence and civil liberties1--to   
our prosperity1 happiness1 and          
improvement4  ,if1 indeed1 we desire to 
behold a literature like that which has 
sculptured with so much energy of       
expression1 which has painted so        
faithfully and vividly1 the crimes1 the 
vices1 the follies of ancient and modern
 ,europe2--if we desire that our land   
should furnish for the orator and the   
novelist1 for the painter and the poet1 
age after age1 the wild and romantic    

scenery of war2 the glittering march of 
armies1 and the revelry of the camp2 the
 shrieks and blasphemies1 and all the   
horrors of the battle-field2 the        
desolation of the harvest1 and the      
burning cottage2 the storm1 the sack1   
and the ruin of cities2--if we desire to
 unchain the furious passions of        
jealousy and selfishness1 of hatred1    
revenge1 and ambition1 those lions that 
now sleep harmless in their den2--if we 
desire that the lake1 the river1 the    
ocean1 should blush with the blood of   
brothers2 that the winds should waft    
from the land to the sea1 from the sea  
to the land1 the roar and the smoke of  
battle1 that the very mountain-tops     
should become altars for the sacrifice  
of brothers2--if we desire that these1  
and such as these1--the elements1 to an 
incredible extent1 of the literature of 
the ,old ,world1--should be the elements
 of our literature2 then1 but then only1
 let us hurl from its pedestal the      
majestic statue of our ,union1 and      

scatter its fragments over all our land4
  ,but1 if we covet for our country the 
noblest1 purest1 loveliest literature   
the world has ever seen1--such a        
literature as shall honor ,god1 and     
bless mankind1--a literature1 whose     
smiles might play upon an angel's face1 
whose tears would not stain an angel's  
cheek1--then let us cling to the ,union 
of these ,state's with a patriot's love1
 with a scholar's enthusiasm1 with a    
,christian's hope4  ,in her heavenly    
character1 as a holocaust               
self-sacrificed to ,god2 at the height  
of her glory1 as the ornament of a free1
 educated1 peaceful ,christian people1  
,american ,literature will find that    
,,the ,,intellectual ,,spirit ,,is ,,her
 ,,very ,,tree ,,of ,,life1 ,,and ,,the 
,,union ,,her ,,garden ,,of ,,paradise4 
,t4 ,s4 ,grimk4                         
,,vii4                                  
,,america',s ,,obligations ,,to         
,,england4  ,the honorable member has   
asked--,and now will these ,americans1  

children planted by our care1 nourished 
up by our indulgence and protected by   
our arms1--will they grudge to attribute
 their mite8 ,they planted by your care6
 ,no2 your oppressions planted them in  
,america6 ,they fled from your tyranny  
to a then uncultivated and inhospitable 
country1 where they exposed themselves  
to almost all the hardships to which    
human nature is liable2 and1 among      
others1 to the cruelties of a savage foe
 the most subtle1 and ,i will take upon 
me to say the most formidable1 of any   
people upon the face of the earth2 and  
yet1 actuated by principles of true     
,english liberty our ,american brethren 
met all the hardships with pleasure1    
compared with those they steered in     
their own country from the hands of     
those that should have been their       
friends4  ,they nourished by your       
indulgence6 ,they grew by your neglect  
of them6 ,as soon as you began to care  
about them1 that care was exercised in  
sending persons to rule them1 in one    

department and another1 who were1       
perhaps1 the deputies of deputies to    
some members of this ,house1 sent to spy
 out their liberties1 to misrepresent   
their actions1 and to prey upon         
them2--men whose behavior1 on many      
occasions1 has caused the blood of those
 sons of liberty to recoil within them2 
men promoted to the highest seats of    
justice1--some who1 to my knowledge1    
were glad by going to a foreign country1
 to escape being brought to the bar of a
 court of justice in their own4  ,they  
protected by your arms6 ,they have nobly
 taken up arms in your defence2--have   
exerted a valor1 amid their constant and
 laborious industry1 for the defence of 
a country whose frontier was drenched in
 blood1 while its interior parts yielded
 all its little savings to your         
emolument4 ,and1 believe me1--remember  
,i this day told you so1--that same     
spirit of freedom which actuated that   
people at first will accompany them     
still2 but prudence forbids me to       

explain myself further4  ,heaven knows  
,i do not at this time speak from       
motives of party heat4 ,what ,i deliver 
are the genuine sentiments of my heart4 
,however superior to me1 in general     
knowledge and experience1 the           
respectable body of this ,house may be1 
yet ,i claim to know more of ,america   
than most of you1 having seen that      
country and been conversant with its    
affairs4 ,the people1 ,i believe1 are as
 truly loyal as any subjects the king   
has2 but they are a people jealous of   
their liberties1 and who1 if those      
liberties should ever be violated1 will 
vindicate them to the last drop of their
 blood4                                 
,isaac ,barr4                           
,,viii4                     ,,webster',s
 ,,plea ,,for ,,dartmouth ,,college4    
,the ,supreme ,court of the ,united     
,states held its session that winter in 
a mean apartment of moderate size--the  
,capitol not having been built after its
 destruction in #ahad4 ,the audience1   

when the case came on1 was therefore    
small1 consisting chiefly of legal men1 
the lite of the profession throughout   
the country4 ,mr4 ,webster entered upon 
his argument in the calm tone of easy   
and dignified conversation4 ,his matter 
was so completely at his command that he
 scarcely looked at his brief1 but went 
on for more than four hours with a      
statement so luminous1 and a chain of   
reasoning so easy to be understood1 and 
yet approaching so nearly to absolute   
demonstration1 that he seemed to carry  
with him every man of his audience      
without the slightest effort or         
weariness on either side4 ,it was hardly
 eloquence1 in the strict sense of the  
term2 it was pure reason4 ,now and then1
 for a sentence or two1 his eye flashed 
and his voice swelled into a bolder     
note1 as he uttered some emphatic       
thought2 but he instantly fell back into
 the tone of earnest conversation1 which
 ran throughout the great body of his   
speech4  ,the argument ended4 ,mr4      

,webster stood for some moments silent  
before the court1 while every eye was   
fixed intently upon him4 ,at length1    
addressing the chief justice1 ,marshall1
 he proceeded thus3--  ,this1 ,sir1 is  
my case6 ,it is the case1 not merely of 
that humble institution1 it is the case 
of every college in our land4 ,it is    
more4 ,it is the case of every          
eleemosynary institution throughout the 
country1--of all those great charities  
founded by the piety of our ancestors to
 alleviate human misery2 and scatter    
blessings along the pathway of life4 ,it
 is more6 ,it is1 in some sense1 the    
case of every man among us who has      
property of which he may be stripped2   
for the question is simply this3 ,shall 
our ,state legislatures be allowed to   
take that which is not their own1 to    
turn it from its original use1 and apply
 it to such ends or purposes as they1 in
 their discretion1 shall see fit8  ,sir1
 you may destroy this little            
institution2 it is weak2 it is in your  

hands6 ,i know it is one of the lesser  
lights in the literary horizon of our   
country4 ,you may put it out4 ,but if   
you do so1 you must carry through your  
work6 ,you must extinguish one after    
another1 all those great lights of      
science which1 for more than a century1 
have thrown their radiance over our     
land6  ,it is1 ,sir1 as ,i have said1 a 
small college4 ,and yet1 there are those
 who love it----4  ,here the feelings   
which he had thus far succeeded in      
keeping down1 broke forth4 ,his lips    
quivered2 his firm cheeks trembled with 
emotion2 his eyes were filled with      
tears1 his voice choked1 and he seemed  
struggling to the utmost simply to gain 
that mastery over himself which might   
save him from an unmanly burst of       
feeling4 ,i will not attempt to give you
 the few broken words of tenderness in  
which he went on to speak of his        
attachment to the college4 ,the whole   
seemed to be mingled throughout with the
 recollections of father1 mother1       

brother1 and all the trials and         
privations through which he had made his
 way into life4 ,every one saw that it  
was wholly unpremeditated1 a pressure on
 his heart1 which sought relief in words
 and tears4  ,the court-room during     
these two or three minutes presented an 
extraordinary spectacle4 ,chief ,justice
 ,marshall1 with his tall and gaunt     
figure1 bent over as if to catch the    
slightest whisper1 the deep furrows of  
his cheek expanded with emotion1 and    
eyes suffused with tears4 ,mr4 ,justice 
,washington at his side1--with his small
 and emaciated frame1 and countenance   
more like marble than ,i ever saw on any
 other human being1--leaning forward    
with an eager1 troubled look2 and the   
remainder of the court1 at the two      
extremities1 pressing1 as it were1      
toward a single point1 while the        
audience below were wrapping themselves 
round in closer folds beneath the bench 
to catch each look and every movement of
 the speaker's face4 ,if a painter could

 give us the scene on canvas1--those    
forms and countenances1 and ,daniel     
,webster as he then stood in the        
midst1--it would be one of the most     
touching pictures in the history of     
eloquence4 ,one thing it taught me1 that
 the pathetic depends not merely on the 
words uttered1 but still more on the    
estimate we put upon him who utters     
them4 ,there was not one among the      
strong-minded men of that assembly who  
could think it unmanly to weep1 when he 
saw standing before him the man who had 
made such an argument1 melted into the  
tenderness of a child4  ,mr4 ,webster   
had now recovered his composure1 and    
fixing his keen eye on the ,chief       
,justice1 said in that deep tone with   
which he sometimes thrilled the heart of
 an audience1--  ,sir1 ,i know not how  
others feel1 7glancing at the opponents 
of the college before him17 but1 for    
myself when ,i see my ,alma ,mater      
surrounded1 like ,caesar in the         
senate-house1 by those who are          

reiterating stab upon stab1 ,i would    
not1 for my right hand1 have her turn to
 me1 and say ,et tu quoque1 mi fili6    
,and thou1 too1 my son6  ,he sat down4  
,there was a deathlike stillness        
throughout the room for some moments2   
every one seemed to be slowly recovering
 himself and coming gradually back to   
his ordinary range of thought and       
feeling4                                
,c4 ,a4 ,goodrich4                      
,,ix4                            ,,the  
,,founders ,,of ,,boston4  ,on this     
occasion1 it is proper to speak of the  
founders of ,our city1 and of their     
glory4 ,now in its true acceptation1 the
 term glory expresses the splendor which
 emanates from virtue1 in the act of    
producing general and permanent good4   
,right conceptions1 then1 of the glory  
of our ancestors1 are to be obtained    
only by analyzing their virtues4 ,these 
virtues1 indeed1 are not seen           
charactered in breathing bronze1 or in  
living marble4 ,our ancestors have left 

no ,corinthian temples on our hills1 no 
,gothic cathedrals on our plains1 no    
proud pyramid1 no storied obelisk1 in   
our cities4 ,but mind is there4         
,sagacious enterprise is there4 ,an     
active1 vigorous1 intelligent1 moral    
population throng our cities1 and       
predominate in our fields2--men1 patient
 of labor1 submissive to law1 respectful
 to authority1 regardful of right1      
faithful to liberty4 ,these are the     
monuments of our ancestors4 ,they stand 
immutable and immortal1 in the social1  
moral1 and intellectual condition of    
their descendants4 ,they exist in the   
spirit which their precepts instilled1  
and their example implanted4  ,it was to
 this spot1 during twelve successive    
years1 that the real body of those just 
settlers emigrated4 ,in this place1 they
 either fixed permanently their abode1  
or took their departure from it1 for the
 coast or the interior4 ,whatever honor 
devolves on this metropolis1 from the   
events connected with its first         

settlement1 is not solitary or          
exclusive2 it is shared with            
,massachusetts2 with ,new ,england2 in  
some sense1 with the whole ,united      
,states4 ,for what part of this wide    
empire1 be it sea or shore1 lake or     
river1 mountain or valley1 have the     
descendants of the first settlers of    
,new ,england not traversed2 what depth 
of forest not penetrated8 what danger of
 nature or man not defied8 ,where is the
 cultivated field1 in redeeming which   
from the wilderness1 their vigor has not
 been displayed8 ,where1 amid unsubdued 
nature1 by the side of the first log-hut
 of the settler1 does the school-house  
stand1 and the church-spire rise1 unless
 the sons of ,new ,england are there8   
,where does improvement advance1 under  
the active energy of willing hearts and 
ready hands1 prostrating the            
moss-covered monarch of the wood1 and   
from their ashes1 amid their charred    
roots1 bidding the green sward and the  
waving harvest to unspring1 and the     

spirit of the fathers of ,new ,england  
is not seen1 hovering and shedding      
around the benign influences of sound1  
social1 moral1 and religious            
institutions1 stronger and more enduring
 than knotted oak or tempered steel8    
,the swelling tide of their descendants 
has spread upon our coasts1 ascended our
 rivers1 taken possession of our plains4
 ,already it encircles our lakes4 ,at   
this hour1 the rushing noise of the     
advancing wave startles the wild beast  
in his lair among the prairies of the   
,west4 ,soon it shall be seen climbing  
the ,rocky ,mountains1 and1 as it dashes
 over their cliffs1 shall be hailed by  
the dwellers on the ,pacific1 as the    
harbinger of the coming blessings of    
safety1 liberty1 and truth4             
,pres4 ,quincy4                         
,x4                             ,,the   
,,american ,,sailor4  ,look to your     
history--that part of it which the world
 knows by heart1--and you will find on  
its brightest page the glorious         

achievements of the ,american sailor4   
,whatever his country has done to       
disgrace him1 and break his spirit1 he  
has never disgraced her2--he has always 
been ready to serve her2 he always has  
served her faithfully and effectually4  
,he has often been weighed in the       
balance1 and never found wanting4 ,the  
only fault ever found with him is1 that 
he sometimes fights ahead of his orders4
 ,the world has no match for him1 man   
for man2 and he asks no odds1 and he    
cares for no odds1 when the cause of    
humanity or the glory of his country    
calls him to fight4  ,who1 in the       
darkest days of our ,revolution1 carried
 your flag into the very chops of the   
,british ,channel1 bearded the lion in  
his den1 and woke the echoes of old     
,albion's hills by the thunders of his  
cannon1 and the shouts of his triumph8  
,it was the ,american sailor4 ,and the  
names of ,john ,paul ,jones1 and the    
,bon ,homme ,richard1 will go down the  
annals of time forever4 ,who struck the 

first blow that humbled the ,barbary    
flag--which1 for a hundred years1 had   
been the terror of ,christendom1--drove 
it from the ,mediterranean1 and put an  
end to the infamous tribute it had been 
accustomed to extort8 ,it was the       
,american sailor1 and the name of       
,decatur and his gallant companions will
 be as lasting as monumental brass4  ,in
 the year #ahab1 when your arms on shore
 were covered by disaster1--when        
,winchester had been defeated1 when the 
army of the ,northwest had surrendered1 
and when the feeling of despondency hung
 like a cloud over the land1--who first 
relit the fires of national glory1 and  
made the welkin ring with the shouts of 
victory8 ,it was the ,american sailor4  
,and the names of ,hull and the         
,constitution will be remembered as long
 as we have left anything worth         
remembering4  ,the wand of ,british     
invincibility was broken when the flag  
of the ,guerrire came down4 ,that one   
event was worth more to the ,republic   

than all the money which has ever been  
expended for the navy4 ,since that day  
the navy has had no stain upon its      
escutcheon1 but has been cherished as   
your pride and glory4 ,and the ,american
 sailor has established a reputation    
throughout the world1--in peace and in  
war1 in storm and in battle1--for       
heroism and prowess unsurpassed4 ,he    
shrinks from no danger1 he dreads no    
foe1 he yields to no superior4 ,no      
shoals are too dangerous1 no seas too   
boisterous1 no climate too rigorous for 
him4 ,the burning sun of the tropic     
cannot make him effeminate1 nor can the 
eternal winter of the polar seas        
paralyze his energies4                  
,r4 ,f4 ,stockton4                      
,,xi4                ,,morality1 ,,the  
,,foundation ,,of ,,national            
,,greatness4  ,when we look forward to  
the probable growth of this country2    
when we think of the millions of human  
beings who are to spread over our       
present territory2 of the career of     

improvement and glory open to this new  
people2 of the impulse which free       
institutions1 if prosperous1 may be     
expected to give to philosophy1         
religion1 science1 literature1 and arts2
 of the vast field in which the         
experiment is to be made1 of what the   
unfettered powers of man may achieve2 of
 the bright page of history which our   
fathers have filled1 and of the         
advantages under which their toils and  
virtues have placed us for carrying on  
their work2--when we think of all this1 
can we help1 for a moment1 surrendering 
ourselves to bright visions of our      
country's glory before which all the    
glories of the past are to fade away8   
,is it presumption to say that1 if just 
to ourselves and all nations1 we shall  
be felt through this whole continent1   
that we shall spread our language1      
institutions1 and civilization1 through 
a wider space than any nation has yet   
filled with a like beneficent influence8
 ,and are we prepared to barter these   

hopes1 this sublime moral empire1 for   
conquests by force8 ,are we prepared to 
sink to the level of unprincipled       
nations1 to content ourselves with a    
vulgar1 guilty greatness1 to adopt in   
our youth maxims and ends which must    
brand our future with sordidness1       
aggression1 and shame8 ,this country    
cannot1 without peculiar infamy1 run the
 common race of national rapacity4 ,our 
origin1 institutions1 and position are  
peculiar1 and all favor an upright      
honorable course4  ,why cannot we rise  
to noble conceptions of our destiny8    
,why do we not feel1 that our work as a 
nation is to carry freedom1 religion1   
science1 and a noble form of human      
nature over this continent8 ,and why do 
we not remember1 that to diffuse these  
blessings we must first cherish them in 
our own borders2 and that whatever      
deeply and permanently corrupts us1 will
 make our spreading influence a curse1  
not a blessing1 to this new world8 ,i am
 not prophet enough to read our fate4 ,i

 believe1 indeed1 that we are to make   
our futurity for ourselves4 ,i believe1 
that a nation's destiny lies in its     
character1 in the principles which      
govern its policy1 and bear rule in the 
hearts of its citizens4 ,i take my stand
 on ,god's moral and eternal law4 ,a    
nation1 renouncing and defying this1    
cannot be free1 cannot be great4        
,w4 ,e4 ,channing4                      
,,xii4                                  
,,intemperance4  ,among the evils of    
intemperance1 much importance is given  
to the poverty of which it is the cause4
 ,but this evil1 great as it is1 is yet 
light1 in comparison with the essential 
evil of intemperance4 ,what matters it1 
that a man be poor1 if he carry into his
 poverty the spirit1 energy1 reason1 and
 virtues of a man8 ,what matters it1    
that a man must1 for a few years1 live  
on bread and water8 ,how many of the    
richest are reduced1 by disease1 to a   
worse condition than this8 ,honest1     
virtuous1 noble-minded poverty1 is      

comparatively a light evil4 ,the ancient
 philosopher chose it1 as a condition of
 virtue4 ,it has been the lot of many a 
,christian4  ,the poverty of the        
intemperate man owes its great misery to
 its cause4 ,he who makes himself a     
beggar1 by having made himself a brute1 
is miserable indeed4 ,he who has no     
solace1 who has only agonizing          
recollections and harrowing remorse1 as 
he looks on his cold hearth1 his scanty 
table1 his ragged children1 has indeed  
to bear a crushing weight of woe4 ,that 
he suffers1 is a light thing4 ,that he  
has brought on himself this suffering by
 the voluntary extinction of his reason1
 that is the terrible thought1 the      
intolerable curse4  ,intemperance is to 
be pitied and abhorred for its own sake1
 much more than for its outward         
consequences4 ,these owe their chief    
bitterness to their criminal source4 ,we
 speak of the miseries which the        
drunkard carries to his family4 ,but    
take away his own brutality1 and how    

lightened would be these miseries6 ,we  
talk of his wife and children in rags4  
,let the rags continue2 but suppose them
 to be the effects of an innocent cause4
 ,suppose his wife and children bound to
 him by a strong love1 which a life of  
labor for their support1 and of         
unlearned kindness has awakened2 suppose
 them to know that his toils for their  
welfare had broken down his frame2      
suppose him able to say1 ,we are poor in
 this world's goods1 but rich in        
affection and religious trust4 ,i am    
going from you2 but ,i leave you to the 
,father of the fatherless1 and to the   
widow's ,god4 ,suppose this2 and how    
changed these rags6--how changed the    
cold1 naked room6 ,the heart's warmth   
can do much to withstand the winter's   
cold2--and there is hope1 there is      
honor1 in this virtuous indigence4      
,what breaks the heart of the drunkard's
 wife8 ,it is not that he is poor1 but  
that he is a drunkard4 ,instead of that 
bloated face1 now distorted with        

passion1 now robbed of every gleam of   
intelligence1 if the wife could look on 
an affectionate countenance1 which had1 
for years1 been the interpreter of a    
well-principled mind and faithful heart1
 what an overwhelming load would be     
lifted from her6 ,it is a husband1 whose
 touch is polluting1 whose infirmities  
are the witness of his guilt1 who has   
blighted all her hopes1 who has proved  
false to the vow which made her his2 it 
is such a husband who makes home a      
hell1--not one whom toil and disease and
 ,providence have cast on the care of   
wife and children4  ,we look too much at
 the consequences of vice1--too little  
at the vice itself4 ,it is vice which is
 the chief weight of what we call its   
consequences1--vice1 which is the       
bitterness in the cup of human woe4     
,w4 ,e4 ,channing4                      
,,xiii4                                 
,,inconsistent ,,expectations4  ,this   
world may be considered as a great mart 
of commerce1 where fortune exposes to   

our view various commodities1--riches1  
ease1 tranquillity1 fame1 integrity1    
knowledge4 ,everything is marked at a   
settled price1--our time1 our labor1 our
 ingenuity1 is so much ready money1     
which we are to lay out to the best     
advantage4 ,examine1 compare1 choose1   
reject2 but stand to your own judgment1 
and do not1 like children1 when you have
 purchased one thing1 repine that you do
 not possess another which you did not  
purchase4  ,such is the force of        
well-regulated industry that a steady   
and vigorous exertion of our faculties1 
directed to one end1 will generally     
insure success4 ,would you1 for         
instance1 be rich8 ,do you think that   
single point worth the sacrifice of     
everything else8 ,you may then be rich4 
,thousands have become so1 from the     
lowest beginnings1 by toil1 and patient 
diligence1 and attention to the minutest
 articles of expense and profit4 ,but   
you must give up the pleasures of       
leisure1 of mental ease1 of a free1     

unsuspicious temper4 ,if you preserve   
your integrity1 it must be a coarse-spun
 and vulgar honesty4 ,those high and    
lofty notions of morals which you       
brought with you from the schools1 must 
be considerably lowered1 and mixed with 
the baser alloy of a jealous and        
worldly-minded prudence4 ,you must learn
 to do hard1 lf not unjust things2 and  
as for the nice embarrassments of a     
delicate and ingenuous spirit1 it is    
necessary to get rid of them as fast as 
possible4 ,you must shut your heart     
against the ,muses1 and be content to   
feed your understanding with plain      
household truths4 ,in short1 you must   
not attempt to enlarge your ideas1 or   
polish your taste1 or refine your       
sentiments1 but must keep on in one     
beaten track1 without turning aside     
either to the right or to the left4 ,but
 you say1 ,i cannot submit to drudgery  
like this2 ,i feel a spirit above it4   
',tis well1 be above it then2 only do   
not repine that you are not rich4  ,is  

knowledge the pearl of price in your    
estimation8 ,that1 toy may be purchased 
by steady application1 and long solitary
 study and reflection4 ,bestow these1   
and you shall be learned4 ,but1 says the
 man of letters1 what a hardship is it1 
that many an illiterate fellow1 who     
cannot construe the motto of the arms on
 his coach1 shall raise a fortune and   
make a figure1 while ,i have little more
 than the common conveniences of life6  
,was it1 then1 to raise a fortune1 that 
you consumed the sprightly hours of     
youth in study and retirement8 ,was it  
to be rich that you grew pale over the  
midnight lamp1 and distilled the        
sweetness from the ,greek and ,roman    
springs8 ,you have then mistaken your   
path1 and ill employed your industry4   
,what reward have ,i then1 for all my   
labor8 ,what reward6 ,a large1          
comprehensive soul1 well purged from    
vulgar fears1 and perturbations1 and    
prejudices2 able to comprehend and      
interpret the works of man1--of ,god2 a 

rich1 flourishing1 cultivated mind1     
furnished with inexhaustible stores of  
entertainment and reflection2 a         
perpetual spring of fresh ideas1 and the
 conscious dignity of superior          
intelligence4 ,good ,heaven6 ,what other
 reward can you ask besides6  ,but is it
 not some reproach upon the economy of  
,providence1 that such a one1 who is a  
mean1 dirty fellow1 should have amassed 
wealth enough to buy half a nation8 ,not
 in the least4 ,he made himself a mean1 
dirty fellow for that very end4 ,he has 
paid his health1 his conscience1 his    
liberty for it2 and will you envy him   
his bargain8 ,will you hang your head   
and blush in his presence1 because he   
outshines you in equipage and show8     
,lift up your brow with a noble         
confidence1 and say to yourself ,i have 
not these things1 it is true2 but it is 
because ,i have not sought1 because ,i  
have not desired them2 it is because ,i 
possess something better4 ,i have chosen
 my lot2 ,i am content and satisfied4   

,the characteristic mark of a great and 
noble mind is to choose some high and   
worthy object1 and pursue that object   
through life4                           
,mrs4 ,barbauld4                        
,,xiv4                        ,,the     
,,patriot',s ,,sword ,,vindicated4  ,but
 my ,lord1 ,i dissented from the        
resolutions before us1 for other        
reasons4 ,i dissented from them1 because
 ,i felt that my giving them my assent1 
,i should have pledged myself to the    
unqualified repudiation of physical     
force in all countries1 at all times1   
and under every circumstance4 ,this ,i  
could not do4 ,for1 my ,lord1 ,i do not 
abhor the use of arms in the vindication
 of national rights4 ,there are times1  
when arms will alone suffice1 and when  
political ameliorations call for a drop 
of blood1 and many thousand drops of    
blood4 ,opinion1 ,i admit1 will operate 
against opinion4 ,but1 as the honorable 
member for ,kilkenny has observed1 force
 must be used against force4 ,the       

soldier is proof against an argument1   
but he is not proof against a bullet    
,the man that will listen to reason1 let
 him be reasoned with4 ,but it is the   
weaponed arm of the patriot that can    
alone prevail against battalioned       
despotism4  ,then1 my ,lord1 ,i do not  
condemn the use of arms as immoral1 nor 
do ,i conceive it profane to say that   
the ,king of ,heaven--the ,lord of      
,hosts6 the ,god of ,battles6--bestows  
his benediction upon those who unsheathe
 the sword in the hour of a nation's    
peril4 ,from that evening1 on which1 in 
the valley of ,bethulia1 he nerved the  
arm of the ,jewish girl to smite the    
drunken tyrant in his tent1 down to our 
day in which he has blessed the         
insurgent chivalry of the ,belgian      
priest1 his almighty hand hath ever been
 stretched forth from his ,throne of    
,light1 to consecrate the flag of       
freedom--to bless the patriot's sword6  
,be it in the defense1 or be it in the  
assertion of a people's liberty1 ,i hail

 the sword as a sacred weapon2 and if1  
my ,lord1 it has sometimes taken the    
shape of the serpent and reddened the   
shroud of the oppressor with too deep a 
dye1 like the anointed rod of the ,high 
,priest1 it has at other times1 and as  
often1 blossomed into celestial flowers 
to deck the freeman's brow4  ,abhor the 
sword--stigmatize the sword8 ,no1 my    
,lord1 for1 in the passes of the ,tyrol1
 it cut to pieces the banner of the     
,bavarian1 and1 through those cragged   
passes1 struck a path to fame for the   
present insurrectionist of ,inspruck6   
,abhor the sword--stigmatize the sword8 
,no1 my ,lord2 for at its blow1 a giant 
nation started from the waters of the   
,atlantic1 and by its redeeming magic1  
and in the quivering of its crimson     
light1 the crippled ,colony sprang into 
the attitude of a proud                 
,republic--prosperous1 limitless1 and   
invincible6  ,abhor the                 
sword--stigmatize the sword8 ,no1 my    
,lord2 for it swept the ,dutch marauders

 out of the fine old towns of           
,belgium--scourged them back to their   
own phlegmatic swamps--and knocked their
 flag and scepter1 their laws and       
bayonets into the sluggish waters of the
 ,scheldt4  ,my ,lord1 ,i learned that  
it was the right of a nation to govern  
herself--not in this hall1 but upon the 
ramparts of ,antwerp4 ,this1 the first  
article of a nation's creed1 ,i learned 
upon those ramparts1 where freedom was  
justly estimated1 and the possession of 
the precious gift was purchased by the  
effusion of generous blood4  ,my ,lord1 
,i honor the ,belgians1 ,i admire the   
,belgians1 ,i love the ,belgians for    
their enthusiasm1 their courage1 their  
success2 and ,i1 for one1 will not      
stigmatize1 for ,i do not abhor the     
means by which they obtained a citizen  
king1 a chamber of deputies4            
,t4 ,f4 ,meagher4                       
,,xv4                       ,,on ,,being
 ,,found ,,guilty ,,of ,,treason4  ,a   
jury of my countrymen have found me     

guilty of the crime for which ,i stood  
indicted4 ,for this ,i entertain not the
 slightest feeling of resentment towards
 them4 ,influenced1 as they must have   
been1 by the charge of the lord chief   
justice1 they could have found no other 
verdict4 ,what of that charge8 ,any     
strong observations on it ,i feel       
sincerely would ill befit the solemnity 
of this scene2 but ,i would earnestly   
beseech of you1 my ,lord1--you who      
preside on that bench1--when the        
passions and prejudices of this hour    
have passed away1 to appeal to your own 
conscience1 and to ask of it1 was your  
charge as it ought to have been1        
impartial and indifferent between the   
subject and the crown8  ,my ,lords1 you 
may deem this language unbecoming in me1
 and perhaps it will seal my fate4 ,but 
,i am here to speak the truth1 whatever 
it may cost2 ,i am here to regret       
nothing ,i have ever done--to retract   
nothing ,i have ever said4 ,i am here to
 crave1 with no lying lip the life ,i   

consecrate to the liberty of my country4
 ,far from it1 even here--here1 where   
the thief the libertine1 the murderer1  
have left their footprints in the dust2 
here on this spot1 where the shadows of 
death surround me1 and from which ,i see
 my early grave in an appointed soil    
opened to receive me--even here1        
encircled by these terrors1 the hope    
which has beckoned me to the perilous   
sea upon which ,i have been wrecked     
still consoles1 animates1 enraptures me4
  ,no2 ,i do not despair of my poor old 
country--her peace1 her liberty1 her    
glory4 ,for that country ,i can do no   
more than bid her hope4 ,to lift this   
island up1--to make her a benefactor to 
humanity1 instead of being the meanest  
beggar in the world2 to restore her to  
her native powers and her ancient       
constitution1--this has been my         
ambition1 and this ambition has been my 
crime4 ,judged by the law of ,england1  
,i know this crime entails the penalty  
of death2 but the history of ,ireland   

explains this crime1 and justifies it4  
,judged by that history1 ,i am no       
criminal1 ,i deserve no punishment4     
,judged by that history the treason of  
which ,i stand convicted loses all its  
guilt1 is sanctioned as a duty1 will be 
ennobled as a sacrifice4 ,with these    
sentiments1 my ,lord1 ,i await the      
sentence of the court4  ,having done    
what ,i felt to be my duty1--having     
spoken what ,i felt to be the truth1 as 
,i have done on every other occasion of 
my short career1--,i now bid farewell to
 the country of my birth1 my passion1   
and my death2 the country whose         
misfortunes have invoked my sympathies2 
whose factions ,i have sought to still2 
whose intellect ,i have prompted to a   
lofty aim2 whose freedom has been my    
fatal dream4 ,i offer to that country1  
as a proof of the love ,i bear her1 and 
the sincerity with which ,i thought and 
spoke and struggled for her freedom1 the
 life of a young heart1 and with that   
life all the hopes1 the honors the      

endearments1 of a happy and an honored  
home4 ,pronounce1 then1 my ,lords1 the  
sentence which the laws direct1 and ,i  
will be prepared to hear it4 ,i trust ,i
 shall be prepared to meet its          
execution4 ,i hope to be able1 with a   
pure heart and perfect composure1 to    
appear before a higher tribunal--a      
tribunal where a judge of infinite      
goodness as well as of justice will     
preside1 and where1 my ,lords1 many1    
many of the judgments of this world will
 be reversed4                           
,t4 ,f4 ,meagher4                       
,,xvi4       ,,address ,,to ,,the       
,,american ,,troops ,,before ,,the      
,,battle ,,of ,,long ,,island4  ,the    
time is now near at hand1 which must    
probably determine whether ,americans   
are to be freemen or slaves2 whether    
they are to have any property they can  
call their own2 whether their houses and
 farms are to be pillaged and destroyed1
 and themselves consigned to a state of 
wretchedness from which no human efforts

 will deliver them4 ,the fate of unborn 
millions will now depend1 under ,god1 on
 the courage and conduct of this army4  
,our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves 
us only the choice of a brave resistance
 or the most abject submission4 ,we     
have1 therefore1 to resolve to conquer  
or to die4 ,our own1 our country's      
honor1 calls upon us for a vigorous and 
manly exertion2 and1 if we now          
shamefully fail1 we shall become        
infamous to the whole world4 ,let us1   
then1 rely on the goodness of our cause 
and the aid of the ,supreme ,being1 in  
whose hands victory is1 to animate and  
encourage us to great and noble actions4
 ,the eyes of all our countrymen are now
 upon us2 and we shall have their       
blessings and praises1 if happily we are
 the instrument of saving them from the 
tyranny meditated against them4 ,let us1
 therefore1 animate and encourage each  
other1 and allow the whole world that a 
freeman contending for liberty on his   
own ground1 is superior to any slavish  

mercenary on earth4  ,liberty1 property1
 life1 and honor1 are all at stake4     
,upon your courage and conduct rest the 
hopes of our bleeding and insulted      
country4 ,our wives1 children1 and      
parents expect safety from us only2 and 
they have every reason to believe that  
,heaven will crown with success so just 
a cause4 ,the enemy will endeavor to    
intimidate by show and appearance2 but  
remember they have been repulsed on     
various occasions by a few brave        
,americans4 ,their cause is bad1--their 
men are conscious of it2 and1 if opposed
 with firmness and coolness on their    
first onset1 with our advantage of      
works1 and knowledge of the ground1 the 
victory is most assuredly ours4 ,every  
good soldier will be silent and         
attentive1 wait for orders1 and reserve 
his fire until he is sure of doing      
execution4                              
,washington4                            
,,xvii4                                 
,,character ,,of ,,chatham4  ,the       

secretary stood alone2 modern degeneracy
 had not reached him4 ,original and     
unaccommodating1 the features of his    
character had the hardihood of          
antiquity4 ,his august mind overawed    
majesty2 and one of his sovereigns      
thought royalty so impaired in his      
presence1 that he conspired to remove   
him1 in order to be relieved from his   
superiority4 ,no state chicanery1 no    
narrow system of vicious polities1 no   
idle contest for ministerial victories1 
sunk him to the vulgar level of the     
great2 but1 overbearing1 persuasive1 and
 impracticable1 his object was ,england1
 his ambition was fame4  ,without       
dividing1 he destroyed party2 without   
corrupting1 he made a venal age         
unanimous4 ,france sunk beneath him4    
,with one hand he smote the house of    
,bourbon1 and wielded in the other the  
democracy of ,england4 ,the sight of his
 mind was infinite2 and his schemes were
 to affect1 not ,england1 not the       
present age only1 but ,europe and       

posterity4 ,wonderful were the means by 
which these schemes were                
accomplished1--always seasonable1 always
 adequate1 the suggestions of an        
understanding animated by ardor1 and    
enlightened by prophecy4  ,the ordinary 
feelings which make life amiable and    
indolent1 were unknown to him4 ,no      
domestic difficulties1 no domestic      
weakness1 reached him2 but1 aloof from  
the sordid occurrences of life1 and     
unsullied by its intercourse1 he came   
occasionally into our system1 to        
counsel1 and to decide4 ,a character so 
exalted1 so strenuous1 so various1 so   
authoritative1 astonished a corrupt age2
 and the treasury trembled at the name  
of ,chatham1 through all her classes of 
venality4 ,corruption imagined1 indeed1 
that she had found defects in this      
statesman1 and talked much of the       
inconsistency of his glory and much of  
the ruin of his victories2 but the      
history of his country1 and the         
calamities of the enemy1 answered and   

refuted her4  ,nor were his political   
abilities his only talents2 his         
eloquence was an era in the senate1     
peculiar and spontaneous1 familiarly    
expressing gigantic sentiments and      
instinctive wisdom2 not like the torrent
 of ,demosthenes1 or the splendid       
conflagration of ,tully2 it resembled   
sometimes the thunder1 and sometimes the
 music of the spheres4 ,he did not1 like
 ,murray1 conduct the understanding     
through the painful subtlety of         
argumentation2 nor was he1 like         
,townshend1 forever on the rack of      
exertion2 but rather lightened upon the 
subject1 and reached the point by the   
flashings of the mind1 which1 like those
 of his eye1 were felt1 but could not be
 followed4 ,upon the whole1 there was in
 this man something that would create1  
subvert1 or reform2 an understanding1 a 
spirit1 and an eloquence1 to summon     
mankind to society1 or to break the     
bonds of slavery asunder2 something to  
rule the wilderness of free minds with  

unbounded authority2 something that     
could establish1 or overwhelm empire1   
and strike a blow in the world1 that    
should resound through the universe4    
,h4 ,grattan4                           
,,xviii4                           ,,the
 ,,press ,,and ,,the ,,union4  ,it were 
good for us to remember that nothing    
which tends1 however distantly1 however 
imperceptibly1 to hold these ,states    
together1 is beneath the notice of a    
considerate patriotism4 ,it were good to
 remember that some of the institutions 
and devices by which former             
confederacies have been preserved1 our  
circumstances wholly forbid us to       
employ4 ,the tribes of ,israel and      
,judah came up three times a year to the
 holy and beautiful city1 and united in 
prayer and praise and sacrifice1 in     
listening to that thrilling poetry1 in  
swelling that matchless song1 which     
celebrated the triumphs of their fathers
 by the ,red ,sea1 at the fords of      
,jordan1 and on the high places of the  

field of ,barak's victory4 ,but we have 
no feast of the ,passover1 or of the    
,tabernacles1 or of the ,commemoration4 
,the ,states of ,greece erected temples 
of the gods by a common contribution1   
and worshiped in them4 ,they consulted  
the same oracle2 they celebrated the    
same national festival3 mingled their   
deliberations in the same amphictyonic  
and subordinate assemblies1 and sat     
together upon the free benches to hear  
their glorious history read aloud1 in   
the prose of ,heroditus1 the poetry of  
,homer and of ,pindar4 ,we have built no
 national temples but the ,capitol2 we  
consult no common oracle but the        
,constitution4 ,we can meet together to 
celebrate no national festival4 ,but the
 thousand tongues of the press--clearer 
far than the silver trumpet of the      
jubilee1--louder than the voice of the  
herald at the games1--may speak and do  
speak to the whole people1 without      
calling them from their homes or        
interrupting them in their employments4 

,happy if they should speak1 and the    
people should hear1 those things which  
pertain at least to their temporal and  
national salvation6                     
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,xix4                      ,,american  
,,literature ,,and ,,the ,,union4  ,in  
leaving this subject1 ,i cannot help    
suggesting1 at the hazard of being      
thought whimsical1 that a literature of 
such writings as these1 embodying the   
romance of the whole revolutionary and  
ante-revolutionary history of the       
,united ,states1 might do something to  
perpetuate the ,union itself4 ,the      
influence of a rich literature of       
passion and fancy upon society must not 
be denied merely because you cannot     
measure it by the yard or detect it by  
the barometer4 ,poems and romances which
 shall be read in every parlor1 by every
 fireside1 in every school-house1 behind
 every counter1 in every                
printing-office1 in every lawyer's      
office1 at every weekly evening club1 in

 all the ,states of this confederacy1   
must do something1 along with more      
palpable if not more powerful agents1   
towards moulding and fixing that final1 
grand1 complex result1--the national    
character4 ,a keen1 well instructed     
judge of such things said1 if he might  
write the ballads of a people1 he cared 
little who made its laws4 ,let me say1  
if a hundred men of genius would extract
 such a body of romantic literature from
 our early history as ,scott has        
extracted from the history of ,england  
and ,scotland1 and as ,homer extracted  
from that of ,greece1 it perhaps would  
not be so alarming if demagogues should 
preach1 or governors practice1 or       
executives tolerate nullification4 ,such
 a literature would be a common property
 of all the ,states1--a treasure of     
common ancestral recollections1--more   
noble and richer than our thousand      
million acres of public land2 and1      
unlike that land1 it would be           
indivisible4 ,it would be as the opening

 of a great fountain for the healing of 
the nations4 ,it would turn back our    
thoughts from these recent and overrated
 diversities of interest1--these        
controversies about negro-cloth1        
coarse-wooled sheep1 and cotton         
bagging1--to the day when our fathers   
walked hand in hand together through the
 valley of the ,shadow of ,death in the 
,war of ,independence4 ,reminded of our 
fathers1 we should remember that we are 
brethren4 ,the exclusiveness of ,state  
pride1--the narrow selfishness of a mere
 local policy and the small jealousies  
of vulgar minds1 would be merged in an  
expanded comprehensive1 constitutional  
sentiment of old1 family1 fraternal     
regard4 ,it would ressemble1 as it were1
 the people of ,america in one vast     
congregation4 ,it would rehearse in     
their hearing all things which ,god had 
done for them in the old time2 it would 
proclaim the law once more2 and then it 
would bid them join in that grandest and
 most affecting solemnity1--a national  

anthem of thanksgiving for the          
deliverance1 of honor for the dead1 of  
proud prediction for the future6        
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,xx4                             ,,the 
,,love ,,of ,,reading4   ,let the case  
of a busy lawyer testify to the         
priceless value of the love of reading4 
,he comes home1 his temples throbbing1  
his nerves shattered1 from a trial of a 
week2 surprised and alarmed by the      
charge of the judge1 and pale with      
anxiety about the verdict of the next   
morning1 not at all satisfied with what 
he has done himself1 though he does not 
yet see how he could have improved it2  
recalling with dread and                
self-disparagement1 if not with envy1   
the brilliant effort of his antagonist1 
and tormenting himself with the vain    
wish that he could have replied to      
it1--and altogether a very miserable    
subject1 and in as unfavorable a        
condition to accept comfort from a wife 
and children as poor ,christian in the  

first three pages of the ,pilgrim's     
,progress4 ,with a superhuman effort he 
opens his book1 and in the twinkling of 
an eye he is looking into the full orb  
of ,homeric or ,miltonic song2 or he    
stands in the crowd--breathless1 yet    
swayed as forests or the sea by         
winds--hearing and to judge the         
pleadings for the crown2 or the         
philosophy which soothed ,cicero or     
,boethius in their afflictions1 in      
exile1 prison1 and the contemplation of 
death1 breathes over his petty cares    
like the sweet south2 or ,pope or       
,horace laughs him into good humor2 or  
he walks with neas and the ,sibyl in the
 mild light of the world of the         
laurelled dead2 and the court-house is  
as completely forgotten as the dreams of
 a pre-adamite life4 ,well may he prize 
that endeared charm1 so effectual and   
safe1 without which the brain had long  
ago been chilled by paralysis1 or set on
 fire of insanity6                      
,r4 ,choate4                            

,,xxi4                     ,,eloquence  
,,of ,,the ,,american ,,revolution4     
,men heard that eloquence in #aggf1 in  
that manifold and mighty appeal by the  
genius and wisdom of that new ,america1 
to persuade the people to take on the   
name of nation1 and begin its life4 ,by 
how many pens and tongues that great    
pleading was conducted2 through how many
 months before the date of the actual   
,declaration1 it went on1 day after day2
 in how many forms1 before how many     
assemblies1 from the village newspaper1 
the more careful pamphlet1 the private  
conversation1 the town-meeting1 the     
legislative bodies of particular        
colonies1 up to the hall of the immortal
 old ,congress1 and the master          
intelligences of lion heart and eagle   
eye1 that ennobled it1--all this you    
know4 ,but the leader in that great     
argument was ,john ,adams1 of           
,massachusetts4 ,he1 by concession of   
all men1 was the orator of that         
,revolution1--the ,revolution in which a

 nation was born4 ,other and renowned   
names1 by written or spoken eloquence1  
coperated effectively1 splendidly1 to   
the grand result1--,samuel ,adams1      
,samuel ,chase1 ,jefferson1 ,henry      
,james ,otis in an earlier stage4 ,each 
of these1 and a hundred more1 within    
circles of influence wider or narrower1 
sent forth1 scattering broadcast1 the   
seed of life in the ready virgin soil4  
,each brought some specialty of gift to 
the work3 ,jefferson1 the magic of      
style1 and the habit and the power of   
delicious dalliance with those large1   
fair ideas of freedom and equality1 so  
dear to man1 so irresistible in that    
day2 ,henry1 the indescribable and lost 
spell of the speech of the emotions1    
which fills the eye1 chills the blood1  
turns the cheek pale1--the lyric phase  
of eloquence1 the fire-water1 as        
,lamartine has said1 of the ,revolution1
 instilling into the sense and the soul 
the sweet madness of battle2 ,samuel    
,chase1 the tones of anger1 confidence1 

and pride1 and the art to inspire them4 
,john ,adams's eloquence alone seemed to
 have met every demand of the time2 as a
 question of right1 as a question of    
prudence1 as a question of immediate    
opportunity1 as a question of feeling1  
as a question of conscience1 as a       
question of historical and durable and  
innocent glory1 he knew it all through  
and through2 and in that mighty debate1 
which1 beginning in ,congress as far    
back as ,march or ,february2 #aggf1 had 
its close on the second and on the      
fourth of ,july1 he presented it in all 
its aspects1 to every passion and       
affection1--to the burning sense of     
wrong1 exasperated at length beyond     
control by the shedding of blood2 to    
grief1 anger1 self-respect2 to the      
desire of happiness and of safety2 to   
the sense of moral obligation1          
commanding that the duties of life are  
more than life2 to courage1 which fears 
,god1 and knows no other fear2 to the   
craving of the colonial heart1 of all   

hearts1 for the reality and the ideal of
 country1 and which cannot be filled    
unless the dear native land comes to be 
breathed on by the grace1 clad in the   
robes1 armed with the thunders1 admitted
 an equal to the assembly of the        
nations2 to that large and heroical     
ambition which would build ,states3 that
 imperial philanthropy which would open 
to liberty an asylum here1 and give to  
the sick heart1 hard fare1 fettered     
conscience of the children of the ,old  
,world1 healing1 plenty1 and freedom to 
worship ,god1--to these passions1 and   
these ideas1 he presented the appeal for
 months1 day after day1 until1 on the   
third of ,july1 #aggf1 he could record  
the result1 writing thus to his wife3   
,yesterday the greatest question was    
decided which ever was debated in       
,america2 and a greater1 perhaps1 never 
was1 nor will be1 among men4  ,of that  
series of spoken eloquence all is       
perished2 not one reported sentence has 
come down to us4 ,the voice through     

which the rising spirit of a young      
nation sounded out its dream of life is 
hushed4 ,the great spokesman1 of an age 
unto an age1 is dead4  ,and yet1 of     
those lost words is not our whole       
,america one immortal record and        
reporter8 ,do ye not read them1 deep    
cut1 defying the tooth of time1 on all  
the marble of our greatness8 ,how they  
blaze on the pillars of our ,union6 ,how
 is their deep sense unfolded and       
interpreted by every passing hour6 ,how 
do they come to life1 and grow audible1 
as it were1 in the brightening rays of  
the light he foresaw1 as the fabled     
invisible heart gave out its music to   
the morning6  ,yes1 in one sense1 they  
are perished4 ,no parchment manuscript1 
no embalming printed page1 no certain   
traditions of living or dead1 have kept 
them4 ,yet1 from out and from off all   
things around us1--our laughing         
harvests1 our songs of labor1 our       
commerce on all the seas1 our secure    
homes1 our school-houses and churches1  

our happy people1 our radiant and       
stainless flag1--how they come pealing1 
pealing1 ,independence now1 and         
,independence forever6                  
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,xxii4                                 
,,tribute ,,to ,,webster4  ,they say he 
was ambitious6 ,yes1 as ,ames said of   
,hamilton1 there is no doubt that he    
desired glory2 and that1 feeling his own
 force1 he longed to deck his brow with 
the wreath of immortality4 ,but ,i      
believe he would have yielded his arm1  
his frame to be burned1 before he would 
have sought to grasp the highest prize  
of earth by any means1 by any           
organization1 by any tactics1 by any    
speech1 which in the least degree       
endangered the harmony of the system4   
,they say1 too1 he loved ,new ,england6 
,he did love ,new ,hampshire--that old  
granite world--the crystal hills1 gray  
and cloud-topped2 the river1 whose      
murmur lulled his cradle2 the old       
hearthstone2 the grave of father and    

mother4 ,he loved ,massachusetts1 which 
adopted and honored him--that sounding  
sea-shore1 that charmed elm-tree seat1  
that reclaimed farm1 that choice herd1  
that smell of earth1 that dear library1 
those dearer friends2 but the sphere of 
his duties was his true country4 ,dearly
 he loved you1 for he was grateful for  
the open arms with which you welcomed   
the stranger and sent him onwards and   
upwards4  ,but when the crisis came1 and
 the winds were let lose1 and that sea  
of ,march wrought and was tempestuous1  
then you saw that he knew even you only 
as you were1 ,american citizens2 then   
you saw him rise to the true nature and 
stature of ,american citizenship2 then  
you read on his brow only what he       
thought of the whole ,republic2 then you
 saw him fold the robes of his habitual 
patriotism around him1 and counsel for  
all--for all4 ,so1 then1 he served      
you--to be pleased with his service was 
your affair1 not his4  ,and now what    
would he do1 what would he be if he were

 here to-day8 ,i do not presume to know4
 ,but what a loss we have in him6 ,i    
have read that in some hard battle1 when
 the tide was running against him1 and  
his ranks were breaking1 some one in the
 agony of a1 need of generalship        
exclaimed1 ,oh for an hour of ,dundee6  
,so say ,i1 ,oh for an hour of ,webster 
now6 ,oh for one more roll of that      
thunder inimitable6 ,one more peal of   
that clarion6 ,one more grave and bold  
counsel of moderation6 ,one more throb  
of ,american feeling6 ,one more         
,farewell ,address6 ,and then might he  
ascend unhindered to the bosom of his   
,father and his ,god4                   
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,xxiii4             ,,the ,,fruits ,,of
 ,,skilful ,,labor ,,and ,,cultivated   
,,intellect4  ,perhaps as striking an   
illustration on a large scale as could  
be desired1 of the connection between   
the best directed and most skilful labor
 and the most cultivated and most       
powerful intellect1 is afforded by the  

case of ,england4 ,british industry as a
 whole1 is among the most splendid and  
extraordinary things in the history of  
man4 ,when you consider how small a     
work-bench it has to occupy altogether1 
a little stormy island bathed in almost 
perpetual fogs1 without silk1 or cotton1
 or vineyards1 or sunshine1 and then    
look at that agriculture1 so scientific 
and so rewarded1 that vast net-work of  
internal intercommunication1 the docks1 
merchant-ships1 men-of-war1 the trade   
encompassing the globe1 the flag on     
which the sun never sets1--when you     
look1 above all1 at that vast body of   
useful and manly art1 not directed1 like
 the industry of ,france1--the industry 
of vanity1--to making pier-glasses and  
air-balloons and gobelin tapestry and   
mirrors1 to arranging processions and   
chiselling silver and twisting gold into
 filigrees1 but to clothing the people1 
to the manufacture of woolen1 cotton1   
and linen cloth1 of railroads and       
chain-cables and canals and anchors and 

achromatic telescopes1 and chronometers 
to keep the time at sea1--when you think
 of the vast aggregate mass of their    
manufacturing and mechanical production1
 which no statistics can ex-press1 and  
to find a market for which she is       
planting colonies under every           
constellation1 and by intimidation1 by  
diplomacy1 is knocking at the door of   
every market-house upon the earth1--it  
is really difficult to restrain our     
admiration of such a display of energy1 
labor1 and genius1 winning bloodless and
 innocent triumphs everywhere1 giving to
 the age we live in the name of the age 
of the industry of the people4 ,now1 the
 striking and the instructive fact is1  
that exactly in that island workshop1 by
 this very race of artisans1 of         
coal-heavers and woollen manufacturers  
of machinists and blacksmiths and       
ship-carpenters1 there has been produced
 and embodied forever1 in words that    
will outlast the mountains as well as   
the pyramids1 a literature which1 take  

it for all in all1 is the richest1 most 
profound1 most instructive1 combining   
more spirituality with more common      
sense1 springing from more capacious    
souls1 conveying in better wisdom1 more 
conformable to the truth in man1 in     
nature1 and in human life1 than the     
literature of any nation that ever      
existed4 ,that same race1 side by side  
with the unparalleled growth of its     
industry produces ,shakspeare1 ,milton1 
,bacon1 and ,newton1 all four at the    
summit of human thought1--and then1 just
 below these unapproachable fixed       
lights1 a whole firmament of glories1   
lesser than they1 as all created        
intelligence must be1 yet in whose      
superior rays the age of ,augustus1 of  
,leo ,x41 of ,louis ,,xiv41 all but the 
age of ,pericles1 the culture of        
,greece1 pale and fade4 ,and yet the    
literature of ,england is not the only1 
scarcely the most splendid1 fruit or    
form of the mental power and the        
energetic character of ,england4 ,that  

same race1 along with their indus try1  
along with their literature1 has built  
up a jurisprudence which is for         
substance our law to-day1--has          
constructed the largest mercantile and  
war navy1 and the largest commercial    
empire with its pillars encircling the  
globe1 that men ever saw1--has gained   
greater victories on sea and land than  
any power in the world1--has erected the
 smallest spot to the most imperial     
ascendency recorded in history4 ,the    
administrative triumphs of her intellect
 are as conspicuous as her imaginative  
and her speculative triumphs4  ,such is 
mental power4 ,mark its union with labor
 and with all greatness2 deduce the law2
 learn the lesson2 see how you1 too1 may
 grow great4 ,such an industry as that  
of ,england demanded such an intellect  
as that of ,england4 ,sic vobis etian   
itur ad astra6 ,that way to you1 also1  
glory lies6                             
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,xxiv4                                 

,,the ,,empire ,,of ,,mind4  ,knowledge 
is power as well as fame4 ,think of that
 subtle1 all-embracing1 plastic1        
mysterious1 irresistible thing called   
public opinion1 the god of this lower   
world1 and consider what a ,state1 or a 
cluster of ,states1 of marked and       
acknowledged literary and intellectual  
lead might do to color and shape that   
opinion to their will4 ,consider how    
winged are words2 how electrical1       
light-like the speed of thought2 how    
awful human sympathy4 ,consider how soon
 a wise1 a beautiful thought uttered    
here1--a sentiment of liberty perhaps1  
or word of succor to the oppressed1 of  
exhortations to duty1 to patriotism1 to 
glory1 the refutation of a sophism1 the 
unfolding of a truth for which the      
nation may be better1--how soon a word  
fitly or wisely spoken here is read on  
the ,upper ,mississippi and beneath the 
orange-groves of ,florida1 all through  
the unequalled valley2 how vast an      
audience it gains1 into how many bosoms 

it has access1 on how much good soil the
 seed may rest and spring to life1 how  
easily and fast the fine spirit of truth
 and beauty goes all abroad upon the    
face of the world4  ,there is an        
influence which ,i would rather see     
,massachusetts exert on her sisters of  
this ,union1 than see her furnish a     
,president every twelve years or command
 a majority on any division in          
,congress2 and that is such an influence
 as ,athens exerted on the taste and    
opinion first of ,greece1 then of ,rome1
 then of the universal modern world2    
such as she will exert while the race of
 man exists4 ,this1 of all the kinds of 
empire1 was most grateful and innocent  
and glorious and immortal4 ,this was won
 by no bargain1 by no fraud1 by no war  
of the ,peloponnesus1 by the shedding of
 no human blood4 ,it would rest on      
admiration of the beautiful1 the good1  
the true1 in art1 in poetry1 in thought2
 and it would last while the emotions1  
its object1 were left in a human soul4  

,it would turn the eye of ,america      
hitherwards with love1 gratitude and    
tears1 such as those with which we turn 
to the walk of ,socrates beneath the    
plane-tree1 now sere1 the summer hour of
 ,cicero1 the prison into which         
philosophy descended to console the     
spirit of ,boethius1-- that room through
 whose opened window came into the ear  
of ,scott1 as he died1 the murmur of the
 gentle ,tweed1--love1 gratitude1 and   
tears1 such as we all yield to those    
whose immortal wisdom1 whose divine     
verse1 whose eloquence of heaven1 whose 
scenes of many-colored life1 have held  
up the show of things to the insatiate  
desires of the mind1 have taught us how 
to live and how to die6 ,herein were    
power1 herein were influence1 herein    
were security4 ,even in the madness of  
civil war it might survive for refuge   
and defence6                            
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,xxv4                           ,,the  
,,city ,,of ,,our ,,liberty4  ,but now  

that our service of commemoration is    
ended1 let us go hence and meditate on  
all that it has taught us4 ,you see how 
long the holy and beautiful city of our 
liberty and our power has been in       
building1 and by how many hands1 and at 
what cost4 ,you see the towering and    
steadfast height to which it has gone   
up1 and how its turrets and spires gleam
 in the rising and setting sun4 ,you    
stand among the graces of some--your    
townsmen1 your fathers by blood1 whose  
names you bear1 whose portraits hang up 
in your homes1 of whose memory you are  
justly proud--who helped in their day to
 sink those walls deep in their beds1   
where neither frost nor earthquake might
 heave them1--to raise aloft those great
 arches of stone1--to send up those     
turrets and spires into the sky4 ,it was
 theirs to build2 remember it is yours1 
under ,providence1 to keep the city1--to
 keep it from the sword of the          
invader1--to keep it from licentiousness
 and crime and irreligion1 and all that 

would make it unsafe or unfit to live   
in1--to keep it from the fires of       
faction1 of civil strife1 of party      
spirit1 that might burn up in a day the 
slow work of a thousand years of glory4 
,happy1 if we shall so perform our duty 
that they who centuries hence shall     
dwell among our graces may be able to   
remember1 on some such day as this1 in  
one common service of grateful          
commemoration1 their fathers of the     
first and the second age of             
,america1--those who through martyrdom  
and tempest and battle sought liberty1  
and made her their own1--and those whom 
neither ease nor luxury1 nor the fear of
 man1 nor the worship of man1 could     
prevail on to barter her away6          
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,xxvi4                   ,,specimen    
,,of ,,the ,,eloquence ,,of ,,james     
,,otis4  ,england may as well dam up the
 wafers of the ,nile with bulrushes as  
to fetter the step of ,freedom1 more    
proud and firm in this youthful land    

than where she treads the sequestered   
glens of ,scotland1 or couches herself  
among the magnificent mountains of      
,switzerland4 ,arbitrary principles1    
like those against which we now contend1
 have cost one king of ,england his     
life1 another his crown2 and they may   
yet cost a third his most flourishing   
colonies4  ,we are two millions--one    
fifth fighting men4 ,we are bold and    
vigorous1 and we call no man master4 ,to
 the nation1 from whom we are proud to  
derive our origin1 we ever were1 and we 
ever will be1 ready to yield unforced   
assistance2 but it must not1 and it     
never can be extorted4  ,some have      
sneeringly asked1 ,are the ,americans   
too poor to pay a few pounds on stamped 
paper8 ,no6 ,america1 thanks to ,god and
 herself is rich4 ,but the right to take
 ten pounds1 implies the right to take a
 thousand2 and what must be the wealth  
that avarice1 aided by power1 cannot    
exhaust8 ,true1 the spectre is now      
small2 but the shadow he casts before   

him is huge enough to darken all this   
fair land4 ,others1 in sentimental      
style1 talk of the immense debt of      
gratitude which we owe to ,england4 ,and
 what is the amount of this debt8 ,why1 
truly1 it is the same that the young    
lion owes to the dam1 which has brought 
it forth on the solitude of the         
mountain1 or left it amid the winds and 
storms of the desert4  ,we plunged into 
the wave with the great charter of      
freedom in our teeth1 because the fagot 
and the torch were behind us4 ,we have  
waked this ,new ,world from its savage  
lethargy2 forests have been prostrated  
in our path2 towns and cities have grown
 up suddenly as the flowers of the      
tropics1 and the fires in our autumnal  
woods are scarcely more rapid than the  
increase of our wealth and population4  
,and do we owe all this to the kind     
succor of the mother-country8 ,no6 ,we  
owe it to the tyranny that drove us from
 her1 to the pelting storms which       
invigorated our helpless infancy4  ,but 

perhaps others will say1 ,we ask no     
money from your gratitude--we only      
demand that you should pay your own     
expenses4 ,and who1 ,i pray1 is to judge
 of their necessity8 ,why1 the          
king--7and with all due reverence to his
 sacred majesty1 he understands the real
 wants of his distant subjects as little
 as he does the language of the         
,choctaws47 ,who is to judge concerning 
the frequency of these demands8 ,the    
ministry4 ,who is to judge whether the  
money is properly expended8 ,the cabinet
 behind the throne4 ,in every instance1 
those who take are to judge for those   
who pay4 ,if this system is suffered to 
go into operation1 we shall have reason 
to esteem it a great privilege1 that    
rain and dew do not depend upon         
parliament2 otherwise they would soon be
 taxed and dried4  ,but1 thanks to ,god1
 there is freedom enough left upon earth
 to resist such monstrous injustice4    
,the flame of liberty is extinguished in
 ,greece and ,rome1 but the light of its

 glowing embers is still bright and     
strong on the shores of ,america4       
,actuated by its sacred influence1 we   
will resist unto death4 ,but we will not
 countenance anarchy and misrule4 ,the  
wrongs that a desperate community have  
heaped upon their enemies1 shall be     
amply and speedily repaired4 ,still1 it 
may be well for some proud men to       
remember that a fire is lighted in these
 colonies which one breath of their king
 may kindle into such fury that the     
blood of all ,england cannot extinguish 
it4                                     
,mrs4 ,m4 ,l4 ,child4                   
,,xxvii4                    ,,webster   
,,in ,,the ,,dartmouth ,,college ,,case4
  ,the ,dartmouth ,college case forms an
 important era in ,mr1 ,webster's life  
,his argument in that case stands out   
among his other arguments1 as his speech
 in reply to ,mr4 ,hayne1 among his     
other speeches4 ,no better argument has 
been spoken in the ,english tongue in   
the memory of any living man1 nor is the

 child that is born to-day likely to    
live to hear a better4 ,its learning is 
ample but not ostentatious2 its logic   
irresistible2 its eloquence vigorous and
 lofty4 ,judge ,story often spoke with  
great animation of the effect he then   
produced upon the court ,for the first  
hour1 said he1 we listened to him with  
perfect astonishment2 for the second    
hour1 with perfect delight2 and for the 
third hour with perfect conviction4 ,it 
is not too much to say that he entered  
the court on that day a comparatively   
unknown name1 and left it with no rival 
but ,pinkney4 ,all the words he spoke on
 that occasion have not been recorded4  
,when he had exhausted the resources of 
learning and logic1 his mind passed     
naturally and simply into a strain of   
feeling not common to the place4 ,old   
recollections and early associations    
came over him1 and the vision of his    
youth rose up4  ,the genius of the      
institution where he was nurtured seemed
 standing by his side in weeds of       

mourning1 with a countenance of sorrow4 
,with suffused eyes1 and faltering      
voice1 he broke into an unpremeditated  
strain of emotion1 so strong and so     
deep1 that all who heard him were borne 
along with it4 ,heart answered to heart 
as he spoke1 and1 when he ceased1 the   
silence and tears of the impassive      
bench1 as well as of the excited        
audience were a tribute to the truth and
 power of the feeling by which he had   
been inspired4                          
,g4 ,s4 ,hillard4                       
,,xxviii4                               
,,the ,,ambition ,,of ,,webster4  ,mr4  
,webster was an ambitious man4 ,he      
desired the highest office in the gift  
of the people4 ,but on this subject1 as 
on all others1 there was no concealment 
in his nature4 ,and ambition is not a   
weakness unless it be disproportional to
 the capacity4 ,to have more ambition   
than ability is to be at once weak and  
unhappy4 ,with him it was a noble       
passion1 because it rested upon noble   

powers4 ,he was a man cast in a heroic  
mould4 ,his thoughts1 his wishes1 his   
passions1 his aspirations1 were all on a
 grander scale than those of other men4 
,unexercised capacity is always a source
 of rusting discontent4 ,the height to  
which men may rise is in proportion to  
the upward force of their genius1 and   
they will never be calm till they have  
attained their predestined elevation4   
,lord ,bacon says1 as in nature things  
move violently to their place and calmly
 in their place1 so virtue in ambition  
is violent1 in authority1 settled and   
calm4 ,mr4 ,webster had a giant's brain 
and a giant's heart1 and he wanted a    
giant's work4 ,he found repose in those 
strong conflicts and great duties which 
crush the weak and madden the sensitive4
 ,he thought that1 if he were elevated  
to the highest place1 he should so      
administer the government as to make the
 country honored abroad1 and great and  
happy at home4 ,he thought1 too1 that he
 could do something to make us more     

truly one people4 ,this1 above          
everything else1 was his ambition4 ,and 
we1 who knew him better than others1    
felt that it was a prophetic ambition1  
and we honored and trusted him          
accordingly4                            
,g4 ,s4 ,hillard4                       
,,xxix4                 ,,the ,,danger  
,,of ,,exclusive ,,devotion ,,to        
,,business4  ,this is a world of        
inflexible compensations4 ,nothing is   
ever given away1 but everything is      
bought and paid for4 ,if1 by exclusive  
and absolute surrender of ourselves to  
material pursuits1 we materialize the   
mind1 we lose that class of             
satisfactions of which the mind is the  
region and the source4 ,a young man in  
business1 for instance1 begins to feel  
the exhilarating glow of success1 and   
deliberately determines to abandon      
himself to its delirious whirl4 ,he says
 to himself1 ,i will think of nothing   
but business till ,i shall have made so 
much money1 and then ,i will begin a new

 life4 ,i will gather round me books and
 pictures and friends4 ,i will have     
knowledge1 taste1 and cultivation1--the 
perfume of scholarship1 and winning     
speech1 and graceful manners4 ,i will   
see foreign countries1 and converse with
 accomplished men4 ,i will drink deep of
 the fountains of classic lore4         
,philosophy shall guide me1 history     
shall instruct1 and poetry shall charm  
me4 ,science shall open to me her world 
of wonders4 ,i shall remember my present
 life of drudgery as one recalls a      
troubled dream when the morning has     
dawned4  ,he keeps his self-registered  
vow4 ,he bends his thoughts downward and
 nails them to the dust4 ,every power1  
every affection1 every taste1 except    
those which his particular occupa tion  
calls into play1 is left to starve4     
,over the gates of his mind he writes in
 letters which he who runs may read1 ,no
 admittance except on business4 ,in time
 he reaches the goal of his hopes2 but  
now insulted ,nature begins to claim her

 revenge4 ,that which was once unnatural
 is now natural to him4 ,the enforced   
constraint has become a rigid deformity4
 ,the spring of his mind is broken4 ,he 
can no longer lift his mind from the    
ground4 ,books and knowledge and wise   
discourse1 and the amenities of it1 and 
the cordial of friendship1 are like     
words in a strange tongue4 ,to the hard1
 smooth surface of his soul1 nothing    
genial1 graceful1 or winning will cling2
 he cannot even purge his voice of its  
fawning tone1 or pluck from his face the
 mean1 money-getting mask which the     
child does not look at without ceasing  
to smile4 ,amid the graces and ornaments
 of wealths1 he is like a blind man in a
 picture-gallery4 ,that which he has    
done he must continue to do4 ,he must   
accumulate riches which he cannot enjoy 
and contemplate the dreary prospect of  
growing old without anything to make age
 venerable or attractive2 for age       
without wisdom and without knowledge is 
the winter's cold without the winter's  

fire                                    
,g4 ,s4 ,hillard4                       
,,xxx4  ,,speech ,,of ,,patrick ,,henry1
 ,,in ,,the ,,convention ,,of           
,,delegates ,,of ,,virginia1 ,,march1   
#agge4  ,mr4 ,president1 ,it is natural 
for man to indulge in the illusions of  
hope4 ,we are apt to shut our eyes      
against a painful truth1 and listen to  
the song of that siren till she         
transforms us into beasts4 ,is this the 
part of wise men1 engaged in the great  
and arduous struggle for liberty8 ,are  
we disposed to be of the number of      
those1 who having eyes1 see not1 and    
having ears1 hear not1 the things which 
so nearly concern their temporal        
salvation8 ,for my part1 whatever       
anguish of spirit it may cost1 ,i am    
willing to know the whole truth1 to know
 the worst1 and to provide for it4  ,i  
have but one lamp by which my feet are  
guided2 and that is the lamp of         
experience4 ,i know of no way of judging
 of the future but by the past4 ,and    

judging by the past1 ,i wish to know1   
what there has been in the conduct of   
the ,british ministry1 for the last ten 
years1 to justify those hopes with which
 gentlemen have been pleased to solace  
themselves and the ,house4 ,is it that  
insidious smile with which our petition 
has been lately received8 ,trust it not1
 sir2 it will prove a snare to your     
feet4 ,suffer not yourselves to be      
betrayed with a kiss6 ,ask yourselves   
how this gracious reception of our      
petition comports with those warlike    
preparations1 which cover our waters and
 darken our land4 ,are fleets and armies
 necessary to a work of love and        
reconciliation6 ,have we shown ourselves
 so unwilling to be reconciled1 that    
force must be called in to win back our 
love6 ,let us not deceive ourselves1    
sir4 ,these are the implements of war   
and subjugation1--the last arguments to 
which kings resort4 ,i ask gentlemen1   
sir1 what means this martial array if   
its purpose be not to force us to       

submission8 ,can gentlemen assign any   
other possible motive for it8 ,has      
,great ,britain any enemy in this       
quarter of the world1 to call for all   
this accumulation of navies and armies8 
,no1 sir1 she has none4 ,they are meant 
for us2 they can be meant for no other4 
,they are sent over to bind and rivet   
upon us those chains which the ,british 
ministers have been so long forging4    
,and what have we to oppose to          
them8--,shall we try argument8 ,sir1 we 
have been trying that for the last ten  
years4 ,have we anything new to offer on
 the subject8 ,nothing4 ,we have held   
the subject up in every light1 of which 
if is capable2 but it has been all in   
vain4 ,shall we resort to entreaty and  
humble supplication8 ,what terms shall  
we find which have not been already     
exhausted8 ,let us not1 ,i beseech you1 
sir1 deceive ourselves longer4 ,sir1 we 
have done everything that could be done 
to avert the storm which is now coming  
on4 ,we have petitioned1--we have       

remonstrated1--we have supplicated1--we 
have prostrated ourselves before the    
throne1 and have implored its           
interposition to arrest the tyrannical  
bands of the ministry and ,parliament4  
,our petitions have been slighted2 our  
remonstrances have produced additional  
violence and insult2 our supplications  
have been disregarded2 and we have been 
spurned from the foot of the throne4    
,in vain1 after these things1 may we    
indulge the fond hope of peace and      
reconciliation4 ,there is no longer any 
room for hope4 ,if we wish to be        
free1--if we mean to preserve inviolate 
those inestimable privileges for which  
we have been so long contending1--if we 
mean not basely to abandon the noble    
struggle in which we have been so long  
engaged1 and which we have pledged      
ourselves never to abandon until the    
glorious object of or contest shall be  
obtained1--we must fight2 ,i repeat it1 
sir1 we must fight6 ,an appeal to arms  
and to the ,god of ,hosts is all that is

 left us6                               
,,xxxi4                                 
,,the ,,same ,,concluded4  ,they tell   
us1 sir1 that we are weak1--unable to   
cope with so formidable an adversary4   
,but when shall we be stronger8 ,will it
 be the next week1 or the next year8    
,will it be when we are totally         
disarmed2 and when a ,british guard     
shall be stationed in every house8      
,shall we gather strength by            
irresolution and inaction8 ,shall we    
acquire the means of effectual          
resistance by lying supinely on our     
backs1 and hugging the delusive phantom 
of hope1 until our enemies shall have   
bound us hand and foot8  ,sir1 we are   
not weak1 if we make a proper use of    
those means which the ,god of nature    
hath placed in our power4 ,three        
millions of people armed in the holy    
cause of liberty1 and in such a country 
as that which we possess1 are invincible
 by any force which our enemy can send  
against us4 ,besides1 sir1 we shall not 

fight alone4 ,there is a just ,god who  
presides over the destinies of nations1 
and who will raise up friends to fight  
our battles for us4  ,the battle1 sir1  
is not to the strong alone1--it is to   
the active1 the vigilant1 the brave4    
,besides sir we have no election6 ,if we
 were base enough to desire it1 it is   
now too late to retire from the contest4
 ,there is no retreat1--but in          
submission and slavery6 ,our chains are 
forged4 ,their clanking may be heard in 
the plains of ,boston4 ,the war is      
inevitable1--and let it come6 ,i repeat 
it1 sir1 let it come4  ,it is in vain1  
sir1 to extenuate the matter4 ,gentlemen
 may cry peace6 peace6--but there is no 
peace4 ,the war is actually begun6 ,the 
next gale that sweeps from the north    
will bring to our ears the clash of     
resounding arms6 ,our brethren are      
already in the field4 ,why stand we here
 idle8 ,what is it that gentlemen wish8 
,what would they have8 ,is life so dear1
 or peace so sweet as to be purchased at

 the price of chains and slavery8       
,forbid it1 ,heaven6--,i know not what  
course others may take1 but as for      
me1--give me liberty1 or give me death6 
,,xxxii4                         ,,reply
 ,,to ,,the ,,duke ,,of ,,grafton4  ,my 
,lords1 ,i am amazed2 yes1 my ,lords1 ,i
 am amazed at his ,grace's speech4 ,the 
noble ,duke cannot look before him1     
behind him1 or on either side of him1   
without seeing some noble peer who owes 
his seat in this ,house to his          
successful exertion in the profession to
 which ,i belong4 ,does he not feel that
 it is as honorable to owe it to these1 
as to being the accident of an accident8
 ,to all these noble ,lords1 the        
language of the noble ,duke is as       
applicable and insulting as it is to    
myself ,but ,i do not fear to meet it   
single and alone4 ,no one venerates the 
peerage more than ,i do2 but1 my ,lords1
 ,i must say1 that the peerage solicited
 me1 not ,i the peerage4  ,nay1 more2 ,i
 can say and will say that as a ,peer of

 ,parliament1 as a ,speaker of this     
right honorable ,house1 as ,keeper of   
the ,great ,seal1 as ,guardian of his   
,majesty's conscience1 as ,lord ,high   
,chancellor of ,england1-nay1 even in   
that character alone1 in which the noble
 ,duke would think it an affront to be  
considered but which character none can 
deny me1--as a ,,man1--,i am1 at this   
moment1 as respectable1--,i beg to leave
 add1 ,i am as much respected1--as the  
proudest peer ,i now look down upon4    
,lord ,thurlow4                         
,,xxxiii4                         ,,the 
,,prospects ,,of ,,california4  ,judging
 from the past1 what have we not a right
 to expect in the future4 ,the world has
 never witnessed anything equal or      
similar to our career hitherto4         
,scarcely two years ago ,california was 
almost an unoccupied wild4 ,with the    
exception of a prsidium1 a mission a    
pueblo1 or a lonely ranch1 scattered    
here and there1 at tiresome distances1  
there was nothing to show that the      

uniform stillness had ever been broken  
by the footsteps of civilized man4 ,the 
agricultural richness of her valley     
remained unimproved2 and the wealth of a
 world lay entombed in the bosom of her 
solitary mountains1 and on the banks of 
her unexplored streams4 ,behold the     
contrast6 ,the hand of agriculture is   
now busy in every fertile valley and its
 toils are remunerated with rewards     
which in no other portion of the world  
can be credited4 ,enterprise has pierced
 every hill1 for hidden treasure1 and   
has heaped up enormous gains4 ,cities   
and villages dot the surface of the     
whole ,state4 ,steamers dart along our  
rivers1 and innumerable vessels spread  
their white wings over our bays4 ,not   
,constantinople1 upon which the wealth  
of imperial ,rome was lavished1--not    
,st4 ,petersburg1 to found which the    
arbitrary ,czar sacrificed thousands of 
his subjects1 would rival1 in rapidity  
of growth1 the fair city which lies     
before me4 ,our state is a marvel to    

ourselves1 and a miracle to the rest of 
the world4 ,nor is the influence of     
,california confined within her own     
borders4 ,mexico1 and the islands       
nestled in the embrace of the ,pacific1 
have felt the quickening breath of her  
enterprise4 ,with her golden wand1 she  
has touched the prostrate corpse of     
,south ,american industry1 and it has   
sprung up in the freshness of life4 ,she
 has caused the hum of busy life to be  
heard in the wilderness where rolls the 
,oregon1 and but recently heard no      
sound1 save its own dashings4 ,even the 
wall of ,chinese exclusiveness has been 
broken down1 and the children of the sun
 have come forth to view the splendor of
 her achievements4  ,but1 flattering as 
has been the past1 satisfactory as is   
the present1 it is but a foretaste of   
the future4 ,it is a trite saying1 that 
we live in an age of great events4      
,nothing can be more true4 ,but the     
greatest of all events of the present   
age is at hand4 ,it needs not the gift  

of prophecy to predict1 that the course 
of the world's trade is destined soon to
 be changed4 ,but a few years can elapse
 before the commerce of ,asia and the   
islands of the ,pacific1 instead of     
pursuing the ocean track1 by way of     
,cape ,horn or the ,cape of ,good ,hope1
 or even taking the shorter route of the
 ,isthmus of ,darien1 or the ,isthmus of
 ,tehuantepec1 will enter the ,golden   
,gate of ,california1 and deposit its   
riches in our own city4 ,hence1 on bars 
of iron1 and propelled by steam1 it will
 ascend the mountains and traverse the  
desert2 and having again reached the    
confines of civilization1 will be       
distributed1 through a thousand         
channels1 to every portion of the ,union
 and of ,europe4 ,new ,york will then   
become what ,london now is1-the great   
central point of exchange1 the heart of 
trade1 the force of whose contraction   
and expansion will be felt throughout   
every artery of the commercial world2   
and ,san ,francisco will then stand the 

second city of ,america4 ,is this       
visionary8 ,twenty years will determine4
  ,the world is interested in our       
success2 for a fresh field is opened to 
its commerce1 and a new avenue to the   
civilization and progress of the human  
race4 ,let us1 then1 endeavor to realize
 the hopes of ,americans1 and the       
expectations of the world4 ,let us not  
only be united amongst ourselves1 for   
our own local welfare1 but let us strive
 to cement the common bonds of          
brother-hood of the whole ,union4 ,in   
our relations to the ,federal           
,government1 let us know no ,south1 no  
,north1 no ,east1 no ,west4 ,wherever   
,american liberty flourishes1 let that  
be our common country6 ,wherever the    
,american banner waves1 let that be our 
home6                                   
,nathaniel ,bennett4                    
,,xxxiv4                                
,,in ,,prospect ,,of ,,war  ,go forth1  
defenders of your country1 accompanied  
with every auspicious omen2 advance with

 alacrity into the field1 when ,god     
himself musters the hosts to war4       
,religion is too much interested in your
 success not to lend you her aid4 ,she  
will shed over your enterprise her      
selectest influence4 ,while you are     
engaged in the field1 many will repair  
to the closet1 many to the sanctuary2   
the faithful of every name will employ  
that prayer which has power with ,god2  
the feeble hands which are unequal to   
any other weapon1 will grasp the sword  
of the ,spirit2 and from myriad of      
humble1 contrite hearts1 the voice of   
intercession1 supplication1 and weeping1
 will mingle1 in its ascent to heaven1  
with the shouts of battle and the shock 
of arms4  ,while you have everything to 
fear from the success of the enemy1 you 
have every means of preventing that     
success2 so that it is next to          
impossible for victory not to crown your
 exertions ,the extent of your          
resources1 under ,god1 is equal to the  
justice of your cause4 ,but1 should     

,providence determine otherwise1--should
 you fall in this struggle1 should the  
nation fall1--you will have the         
satisfaction 7the purest allotted to    
man71 of having performed your part2    
your names will be enrolled with the    
most illustrious dead1 while posterity1 
to the end of time1 as often as they    
revolve the events of this period 7and  
they will incessantly revolve them71    
will turn to you a reverential eye1     
while they mourn over the freedom which 
is entombed in your sepulchre4  ,i      
cannot but imagine the virtuous heroes1 
legislators1 and patriots of every age  
and country1 are bending from their     
elevated seats to witness this contest1 
as if they were incapable1 till it be   
brought to a favorable issue1 of        
enjoying their eternal repose4 ,enjoy   
that repose1 illustrious immortals6     
,your mantle fell when you ascended2 and
 thousands1 inflamed with your spirit1  
and impatient to tread in your steps1   
are ready to swear by ,him that sitteth 

on the throne1 and liveth forever and   
ever1 that they will protect freedom in 
her last asylum1 and never desert her   
cause1 which you sustained by your      
labors1 and cemented with your blood6   
,robert ,hall4                          
,,xxxv4                                 
,,the ,,american ,,indians4  ,if the    
,indians had the vices of savage life1  
they had the virtues also4 ,they were   
true to their country1 their friends1   
and their homes4 ,if they forgave not   
injury1 neither did they forget         
kindness4 ,if their vengeance was       
terrible1 their fidelity and generosity 
were unconquerable also4 ,their love1   
like their hate1 stopped not on this    
side of the grave4 ,but where are they8 
,where are the villages1 and warriors1  
and youth8 ,the sachems and the tribes8 
,the hunters and their families8 ,they  
have perished4 ,they are consumed4 ,the 
wasting pestilence has not alone done   
the mighty work4 ,no1--nor famine1 nor  
war4 ,there has been a mightier power1 a

 moral canker1 which hath eaten into    
their heart-cores1--a plague which the  
touch of the white man communicated1--a 
poison1 which betrayed them into a      
lingering ruin4 ,the winds of the       
,atlantic fan not a single region which 
they may now call their own4 ,already   
the last feeble remnants of the race are
 preparing for their journey beyond the 
,mississippi4 ,i see them leave their   
miserable homes1--the aged1 the         
helpless1 the women1 and the warriors1  
few and faint1 yet fearless still4 ,the 
ashes are cold on their native hearths4 
,the smoke no longed curls round their  
lowly cabins4 ,they move on with a slow1
 unsteady step4 ,the white man is upon  
their heels1 for terror or dispatch2 but
 they heed him not4 ,they turn to take a
 last look of their deserted villages4  
,they cast a last glance upon the graves
 of their fathers ,they shed no tears2  
they utter no cries2 they heave no      
groans4 ,there is something in their    
hearts which passes speech4 ,there is   

something in their looks1 not of        
vengeance or submission1 but of hard    
necessity1 which stifles both2 which    
chokes all utterance2 which has no aim  
or method4 ,it is courage absorbed in   
despair4 ,they linger but for a moment4 
,their look is onward4 ,they have passed
 the fatal stream4 ,it shall never be   
repassed by them1--no1 never4 ,yet there
 lies not between us and them an        
impassible gulf4 ,they know and feel1   
that for them there is still one remove 
farther1 not distant1 nor unseen4 ,it is
 the general burying-ground of their    
race4                                   
,j4 ,story4                             
,,xxxvi4                                
,,classical ,,learning4  ,the importance
 of classical learning to professional  
education is so obvious1 that the       
surprise is1 that it could ever have    
become matter of disputation4 ,i speak  
not of its power in reining the taste1  
in disciplining the judgment1 in        
invigorating the understanding1 or in   

warming the heart with elevated         
sentiments2 but of its power of direct1 
positive1 necessary instruction4 ,there 
is not a single nation from the north to
 the south of ,europe1 from the bleak   
shores of the ,baltic to the bright     
plains of immortal ,italy1 whose        
literature is not embedded in the very  
elements of classical learning4 ,the    
literature of ,england is1 in an        
emphatic sense1 the production of her   
scholars2 of men who have cultivated    
letters in her universities1 and        
colleges1 and grammar-schools2 of men   
who thought any life too short1 chiefly 
because it left some relic of antiquity 
unmastered1 and any other fame too      
humble1 because it faded in the presence
 of ,roman and ,grecian genius4  ,he who
 studies ,english literature without the
 lights of classical learning1 loses    
half the charms of its sentiments and   
style1 of its force and feelings1 of its
 delicate touches1 of its delightful    
allusions1 of its illustrative          

associations4 ,who that reads the poetry
 of ,gray1 does not feel that it is the 
refinement of classical taste which     
gives such inexpressible vividness and  
transparency to his diction8 ,who that  
reads the concentrated sense and        
melodious versification of ,dryden and  
,pope1 does not perceive in them the    
disciples of the old school1 whose      
genius was inflamed by the heroic verse1
 the terse satire1 and the playful wit  
of antiquity8 ,who that meditates over  
the strains of ,milton does not feel    
that he drank deep at                   
,siloa's brook1 that flowed             
,fast by the oracle of ,god1--  that the
 fires of his magnificent mind were     
lighted by coals from ancient altars8   
,it is no exaggeration to declare1 that 
he who proposes to abolish classical    
studies1 proposes to render1 in a great 
measure1 inert and unedifying1 the mass 
of ,english literature for three        
centuries2 to rob us of the glory of the
 past1 and much of the instruction of   

future ages2 to blind us to excellencies
 which few may hope to equal1 and none  
to surpass2 to annihilate associations  
which are interwoven with our best      
sentiments1 and give to distant times   
and countries a presence and reality1 as
 if they were in fact his own4          
,j4 ,story4                             
,,xxxvii4                ,,an ,,appeal  
,,in ,,behalf ,,of ,,patriotism ,,and   
,,loyalty4  ,i call upon you1 fathers1  
by the shades of your ancestors1 by the 
dear ashes which repose in this precious
 soil1 by all you are1 and all you hope 
to be2 resist every object of disunion1 
resist every encroachment upon your     
liberties1 resist every attempt to      
fetter your consciences1 or smother your
 public schools1 or extinguish your     
system of public instruction4  ,i call  
upon you1 mothers1 by that which never  
fails in woman1--the love of your       
offspring1--teach them as they climb    
your knees1 or lean on your bosoms1 the 
blessings of liberty4 ,swear them at the

 altar1 as with their baptismal vows1 to
 be true to their country1 and never to 
forget or forsake her4  ,i call upon you
 young men1 to remember whose sons you  
are2 whose inheritance you possess4     
,life can never be too short which      
brings nothing but disgrace and         
oppression4 ,death never comes too soon1
 if necessary in defence of the         
liberties of your country4 ,i call upon 
you1 old men1 for your counsels1 and    
your prayers1 and your benedictions4    
,may not your gray hairs go down in     
sorrow to the grave1 with the           
recollection that you have lived in     
vain4 ,may not your last sun sink in the
 west upon a nation of slaves4  ,no2--,i
 read in the destiny of my country far  
better hopes1 far brighter visions4 ,we1
 who are now assembled here1 must soon  
be gathered to the congregation of other
 days4 ,the time of our departure is at 
hand to make way for our children upon  
the theatre of life4 ,may ,god speed    
them and theirs4 ,may he1 who at the    

distance of another century shall stand 
here to celebrate this day1 still look  
round upon a free1 happy1 and virtuous  
people4 ,may he have reason to exult as 
we do4 ,may he1 with all the enthusiasm 
of truth as well as poetry exclaim that 
here is still his country4              
,j4 ,story4                             
,,xxxviii4                              
,,our ,,duties ,,to ,,the ,,republic4   
,the ,old ,world has already revealed to
 us1 in its unsealed books1 the         
beginning and end of all its own        
marvelous struggles in the cause of     
liberty4 ,greece1 lovely ,greece1       
,the land of scholars and the nurse of  
arms1  where sister republics1 in fair  
procession1 chanted the praises of      
liberty and the gods1--where and what is
 she8 ,for two thousand years the       
oppressor has ground her to the earth4  
,her arts are no more4 ,the last sad    
relics of her temples are but the       
barracks of a ruthless soldiery4 ,the   
fragments of her columns and her palaces

 are in the dust1 yet beautiful in      
ruins4 ,she fell not when the mighty    
were upon her4 ,her sons were united at 
,thermopyl and ,marathon2 and the tide  
of her triumph rolled back upon the     
,hellespont4 ,she was conquered by her  
own factions4 ,she fell by the hands of 
her own people4 ,the ,man of ,macedonia 
did not the work of destruction4 ,it was
 already done by her own corruptions1   
banishments1 and dissensions4 ,rome1    
republican ,rome1 whose eagles glanced  
in the rising and setting sun1--where   
and what is she8 ,the eternal city yet  
remains1 proud even in her desolation1  
noble in her decline1 venerable in the  
majesty of religion1 and calm as in the 
composure of death4 ,the malaria has    
travelled in the paths worn by her      
destroyers4 ,more than eighteen         
centuries have mourned over the loss of 
her empire4 ,a mortal disease was upon  
her vitals before ,csar had crossed the 
,rubicon2 and ,brutus did not restore   
her health by the deep probings of the  

senate-chamber4 ,the ,goths1 and        
,vandals1 and ,huns1--the swarms of the 
,north1--completed only what was already
 begun at home4 ,romans betrayed ,rome4 
,the legions were bought and sold2 but  
the people offered the tribute-money4   
,we stand the latest1 and1 if we fail1  
probably the last experiment of         
self-government by the people4 ,we have 
begun it under circumstances of the most
 auspicious nature4 ,we are in the vigor
 of youth4 ,our growth has never been   
checked by the oppressions of tyranny4  
,our constitutions have never been      
enfeebled by the vices or luxuries of   
the ,old ,world4 ,such as we are1 we    
have been from the beginning1--simple1  
hardy1 intelligent1 accustomed to       
self-government1 and to self-respect4   
,the ,atlantic rolls between us and any 
formidable foe4 ,within our own         
territory1 stretching through many      
degrees of latitude and longitude1 we   
have the choice of many products1 and   
many means of independence4 ,the        

government is mild4 ,the press is free4 
,religion is free4 ,knowledge reaches1  
or may reach every home4 ,what fairer   
prospect of success could be presented8 
,what means more adequate to accomplish 
the sublime end8 ,what more is necessary
 than for the people to preserve what   
they have themselves created8 ,already  
has the age caught the spirit of our    
institutions4 ,it has already ascended  
the ,andes1 and snuffed the breezes of  
both oceans4 ,it has infused itself into
 the life-blood of ,europe1 and warmed  
the sunny plains of ,france and the     
lowlands of ,holland4 ,it has touched   
the philosophy of ,germany and the      
,north2 and1 moving onward to the       
,south1 has opened to ,greece the       
lessons of her better days4 ,can it be  
that ,america1 under such circumstances1
 can betray herself8 ,can it be that she
 is to be added to the catalogue of     
republics1 the inscription upon whose   
ruins is3 ,,they ,,were1 ,,but ,,they   
,,are ,,not8 ,forbid it1 my countrymen6 

,forbid it1 ,heaven6                    
,j4 ,story4                             
,,xxxix4                                
,,spartacus ,,to ,,the ,,gladiators4    
,it had been a day of triumph at ,capua4
 ,lentulus1 returning with victorious   
eagles1 had amused the populace with the
 sports of the amphitheatre1 to an      
extent hitherto unknown even in that    
luxurious city4 ,the shouts of revelry  
had died away2 the roar of the lion had 
ceased2 the last loiterer had retired   
from the banquet1 and the lights in the 
palace of the victor were extinguished4 
,the moon1 piercing the tissue of fleecy
 clouds1 silvered the dew-drop on the   
corselet of the ,roman sentinel1 and    
tipped the dark waters of ,volturnus    
with wavy1 tremulous light4 ,it was a   
night of holy calm1 when the zephyr     
sways the young spring leaves1 and      
whispers among the hollow reeds its     
dreamy music4 ,no sound was heard but   
the last sob of some weary wave1 telling
 its story to the smooth pebbles of the 

beach1 and then all was still as the    
breast when the spirit has departed4    
,in the deep recesses of the            
amphitheatre1 a band of gladiators were 
crowded together1 their muscles still   
knotted with the agony of conflict1 the 
foam upon their lips1 and the scowl of  
battle yet lingering upon their brows1  
when ,spartacus1 rising in the midst of 
that grim assemblage1 thus addressed    
them3--  ,ye call me chief1 and ye do   
well to call him chief1 who1 for twelve 
long years1 has met upon the arena every
 shape of man or beast that the broad   
empire of ,rome could furnish1 and yet  
never has lowered his arm4 ,and if there
 be one among you who can say that1     
ever1 in public fight or private brawl1 
my actions did belie my tongue1 let him 
step forth and say it4 ,if there1 be    
three in all your throng dare face me on
 the bloody sand1 let them come on6     
,yet ,i was not always thus1 a hired    
butcher1 a savage chief of savage men4  
,my father was a reverent man1 who      

feared great ,jupiter1 and brought the  
rural deities his offerings of fruits ad
 flowers4 ,he dwelt among the vine-clad 
rocks and olive groves at the foot of   
,helicon4 ,my early life ran quiet as   
the brook by which ,i sported4 ,i was   
taught to prune the vine1 to tend the   
flock2 and then1 at noon1 ,i gathered my
 sheep beneath the shade1 and played    
upon the shepherd's flute4 ,i had a     
friend1 the son of our neighbor2 we led 
our flocks to the same pasture1 and     
shared together our rustic meal4  ,one  
evening1 after the sheep were folded1   
and we were all seated beneath the      
myrtle that shaded our cottage1 my      
grandsire1 an old man1 was telling of   
,marathon and ,leuctra1 and how1 in     
ancient times1 a little band of         
,spartans1 in a defile of the mountains1
 withstood a whole army4 ,i did not then
 know what war meant2 but my cheeks     
burned1 ,i knew not why2 and ,i clasped 
the hand of that venerable man1 till my 
mother1 parting the hair from off my    

brow1 kissed my throbbing temples1 and  
bade me go to rest1 and think no more of
 those old tales and savage wars4  ,that
 very night the ,romans landed on our   
shore1 and the dash of steel was heard  
within our quiet vale4 ,i saw the breast
 that had nourished me trampled by the  
iron hoof of the warhorse2 the bleeding 
body of my father flung amid the blazing
 rafters of our dwelling4 ,to-day ,i    
killed a man in the arena1 and when ,i  
broke his helmet clasps1 behold6--it was
 my friend6 ,he knew me1--smiled        
faintly1--gasped1--and died4 ,the same  
sweet smile that ,i had marked upon his 
face1 when1 in adventurous boyhood1 we  
scaled some lofty cliff to pluck the    
first ripe grapes1 and bear them home in
 childish triumph4 ,i told the ,prtor he
 was my friend1 noble and brave1 and ,i 
begged his body1 that ,i might burn it  
upon the funeral-pile1 and mourn over   
him4 ,ay1 upon my knees1 amid the dust  
and blood of the arena1 ,i begged that  
boon1 while all the ,roman maids and    

matrons1 and those holy virgins they    
call vestal1 and the rabble1 shouted in 
mockery1 deeming it rare sport1         
forsooth1 to see ,rome's fiercest       
gladiator turn pale1 and tremble like a 
very child1 before that piece of        
bleeding clay2 but the ,prtor drew back 
as if ,i were pollution1 and sternly    
said1 ',let the carrion rot6 ,there are 
no noble men but ,romans6' ,and he1     
deprived of funeral rites1--must wander1
 a hapless ghost1 beside the waters of  
that sluggish river1 and look--and      
look--and look in vain to the bright    
,elysian fields where dwell his         
ancestors and noble kindred4 ,and so    
must you1 and so must ,i1 die like dogs6
  ,o ,rome6 ,rome6 thou hast been a     
tender nurse to me6 ,ay1 thou hast given
 to that poor1 gentle1 timid            
shepherd-lad1 who never knew a harsher  
sound than a flute-note1 muscles of     
iron1 and a heart of flint2 taught him  
to drive the sword through rugged brass 
and plaited mail1 and warm it in the    

marrow of his foe6--to gaze into the    
glaring eyeballs of the fierce ,numidian
 lion1 even as a smooth-cheeked boy upon
 a laughing girl4 ,and he shall pay thee
 back till thy yellow ,tiber is red as  
frothing wine1 and in its deepest ooze  
thy life-blood lies curdled6  ,ye stand 
here now like giants1 as ye are6 the    
strength of brass in your toughened     
sinews2 but to-morrow some ,roman       
,adonis1 breathing sweet odors from his 
curly locks1 shall come1 and with his   
lily fingers pat your brawny shoulders1 
and bet his sesterces upon your blood6  
,hark6 ,hear ye yon lion roaring in his 
den8 ',tis three days since he tasted   
meat2 but tomorrow he shall break his   
fast upon your flesh2 and ye shall be a 
dainty meal for him4  ,if ye are brutes1
 then stand here like fat oxen waiting  
for the butcher's knife2 if ye are men1 
follow me6 strike down yon sentinel1 and
 gain the mountain passes1 and there do 
bloody work as did your sires at old    
,thermopyl6 ,is ,sparta dead8 ,is the   

old ,grecian spirit frozen in your      
veins1 that ye do crouch and cower like 
base-born slaves1 beneath your master's 
lash8 ,o6 comrades6 warriors6           
,thracians6 if we must fight1 let us    
fight for ourselves2 if we must         
slaughter1 let us slaughter our         
oppressors2 if we must die1 let us die  
under the open sky1 by the bright       
waters1 in noble1 honorable battle4     
,e4 ,kellogg4                           
,,xl4                       ,,no        
,,extension ,,of ,,slave ,,territory4   
,mr4 ,chairman1 ,i have no time to      
discuss the subject of slavery on this  
occasion1 nor should ,i desire to       
discuss it in this connection1 if ,i had
 more time4 ,but ,i just not omit a few 
plain words on the momentous issue which
 has now been raised4 ,i speak for      
,massachusetts--,i believe ,i speak the 
sentiments of all ,new ,england1 and of 
many other ,states out of ,new          
,england--when ,i say that1 upon this   
question1 our minds are made up4 ,so far

 as we have power--constitutional or    
moral power--to control political       
events1 we are resolved that there shall
 be no further extension of the         
territory of this ,union1 subject to the
 institution of slavery4 ,this is not a 
matter to argue about with us4 ,my      
honorable friend from ,georgia 7,mr     
,toombs7 must pardon me if ,i do not    
enter into any question with him whether
 such a policy be equal or just4 ,it may
 be that the ,north does not consider   
the institution of slavery a fit thing  
to be the subject of equal distribution 
or nice weighing in the balances4 ,i    
cannot agree with him that the ,south   
gains nothing by the ,constitution but  
the right to reclaim fugitives4 ,surely 
he has forgotten that slavery is the    
basis of representation in this ,house4 
,but ,i do not intend to argue the case4
 ,i wish to deal with it calmly1 but    
explicitly4 ,i believe the ,north is    
ready to stand by the ,constitution with
 all its compromises1 as it now is4 ,i  

do not intend1 moreover1 to throw out   
any threats of disunion1 whatever may be
 the result4 ,i do not intend1 now or   
ever1 to contemplate disunion as a cure 
for any imaginable evil4 ,at the same   
time ,i do not intend to be driven from 
a firm expression of purpose1 and a     
steadfast adherence to principle1 by any
 threats of disunion from any other     
quarter4 ,the people of ,new ,england1  
whom ,i have any privilege to speak for1
 do not desire1 as ,i understand their  
views1 ,i know my own heart and my own  
principles and can at least speak for   
them1 to gain one foot of territory by  
conquest1 and as the result of the      
prosecution of the war with ,mexico4 ,i 
do not believe that even the            
abolitionists of the ,north1--though ,i 
am one of the last persons who would be 
entitled to speak their sentiments1     
would be unwilling to be found in       
combination with ,southern gentlemen1   
who may see fit to espouse this         
doctrine4 ,we desire peace4 ,we believe 

that this war ought never to have been  
commenced1 and we do not wish to have it
 made the pretext for plundering ,mexico
 of one foot of her lands4 ,but if the  
war is to be prosecuted1 and if         
territories are to be conquered and     
annexed1 we shall stand fast and forever
 to the principle that1 so far as we are
 concerned1 these territories shall be  
the exclusive abode of freemen4         
,r4 ,c4 ,winthrop4                      
,,xli4                       ,,national 
,,monument ,,to ,,washington4           
,fellow-citizens6 ,let us seize this    
occasion to renew to each other our vows
 of allegiance and devotion to the      
,american ,union1 and let us recognize  
,in our common title to the name and    
fame of ,washington1 and1 in our common 
veneration for his example and his      
advice1 the all-sufficient centripetal  
power1 which shall hold the thick       
clustering stars of our confederacy in  
one glorious constellation forever6 ,let
 the column which we are about to       

construct1 be at once a pledge and an   
emblem of perpetual union6 ,let the     
foundations be laid1 let the            
superstructure be built up and cemented1
 let each stone be raised and reverted1 
,in a spirit of national brotherhood6   
,and may the earliest ray of the rising 
sun--till that sun shall set to rise no 
more--draw forth from it dally1 as from 
the fabled statue of antiquity1 a strain
 of national harmony1 which shall strike
 a responsive chord in every heart      
throughout the ,republic6  ,proceed1    
then1 fellow-citizens1 with the work for
 which you have assembled4 ,lay the     
corner-stone of a monument which shall  
adequately bespeak the gratitude of the 
whole ,american people to the           
,illustrious ,father of his country6    
,build it to the skies1 you cannot      
outreach the loftiness of his           
principles6 ,found it upon the massive  
and eternal rock1 you cannot make it    
more enduring than his fame6 ,construct 
it of the peerless ,parian marble1 you  

cannot make it purer than his life6     
,exhaust upon it the rules and          
principles of ancient and modern art1   
you cannot make it more proportionate   
than his character6  ,but let not your  
homage to his memory end here4 ,think   
not to transfer to a tablet or a column 
the tribute which is due from           
yourselves4 ,just honor to ,washington  
can only be rendered by observing his   
precepts and imitating his example4 ,he 
has built his own monument4 ,we and     
those who come after us1 in successive  
generations1 are its appointed1 its     
privileged guardians4  ,the wide-spread 
,republic is the true monument to       
,washington4 ,maintain its              
,independence4 ,uphold its              
,constitution4 ,preserve its ,union4    
,defend its ,liberty4 ,let it stand     
before the world in all its original    
strength and beauty1 securing peace1    
order1 equality1 and freedom to all     
within its boundaries1 and shedding     
light1 and hope1 and joy1 upon the      

pathway of human liberty throughout the 
world2 and ,washington needs no other   
monument4 ,other structures may fitly   
testify our veneration for him2 this1   
this alone1 can adequately illustrate   
his services to mankind4 ,nor does he   
need even this4 ,the ,republic may      
perish2 the wide arch of our ranged     
,union may fall2 star by star its       
glories may expire2 stone by stone its  
columns and its capitol may moulder and 
crumble2 all other names which adorn its
 annals may be forgotten2 but as long as
 human hearts shall anywhere pant1 or   
human tongues shall anywhere plead1 for 
a true1 rational1 constitutional        
liberty1 those hearts shall enshrine the
 memory1 and those tongues prolong the  
fame1 of ,george ,washington6           
,r4 ,c4 ,winthrop4                      
,,xlii4                                 
,,the ,,perfect ,,orator4  ,imagine to  
yourselves a ,demosthenes1 addressing   
the most illustrious assembly in the    
world1 upon a point whereon the fate of 

the most illustrious of nations         
depended4 ,how awful such a meeting6    
,how vast the subject6 ,is man possessed
 of talents adequate to the great       
occasion8 ,adequate6 ,yes1 superior4 ,by
 the power of his eloquence1 the        
augustness of the assembly is lost in   
the dignity of the orator2 and the      
importance of the subject1 for awhile1  
superseded by the admiration of his     
talents4 ,with what strength of         
argument1 with what powers of the fancy1
 with what emotions of the heart1 does  
he assault and subjugate the whole man2 
and1 at once1 captivate his reason1 his 
imagination1 and his passions6 ,to      
effect this must be the utmost effort of
 the most improved state of human       
nature1--not a faculty that he possesses
 is here unemployed2 not a faculty that 
he possesses but is here exerted to its 
highest pitch4 ,all his internal powers 
are at work2 all his external testify   
their energies4 ,within the memory1 the 
fancy1 the judgment1 the passions1 are  

all busy2 without1 every muscle1 every  
nerve1 is exerted2 not a feature1 not a 
limb but speaks4 ,the organs of the body
 attuned to the exertions of the mind   
through the kindred organs of the       
hearers1 instantaneously vibrate those  
energies from soul to soul4             
,notwithstanding the diversity of minds 
in such a multitude1 by the lightning of
 eloquence1 they are melted into one    
mass1--the whole assembly1 actuated in  
one and the same way1 become1 as it     
were1 but one man and have but one      
voice4 ,the universal cry is1--,,let    
,,us ,,march ,,against ,,philip2 ,,let  
,,us ,,fight ,,for ,,our                
,,liberties2--,,let ,,us ,,conquer ,,or 
,,die6                                  
,,xliii4                    ,,necessity 
,,of ,a ,,pure ,,national ,,morality4   
,the crisis has come4 ,by the people of 
this generation1 by ourselves1 probably 
the amazing question is to be decided1  
whether the inheritance of our fathers  
shall be preserved or thrown away2      

whether our ,sabbaths shall be a delight
 or a loathing2 whether the taverns1 on 
that holy day shall be crowded with     
drunkards1 or the sanctuary of ,god with
 humble worshippers2 whether riot and   
profaneness shall fill our streets1 and 
poverty our dwellings3 and convicts our 
jails1 and violence our land2 or whether
 industry1 and temperance1 and          
righteousness1 shall be the stability of
 our times2 whether mild laws shall     
receive the cheerful submission of free 
men1 or the iron rod of a tyrant compel 
the trembling homage of slaves4 ,be not 
deceived4 ,the rocks and hills of ,new  
,england will remain till the last      
conflagration4 ,but let the ,sabbath be 
profaned with impunity1 to worship of   
,god be abandoned1 the government and   
religions instruction of children       
neglected1 and the streams of           
intemperance be permitted to flow1 and  
her glory will depart4 ,the wall of fire
 will no longer surround her1 and the   
munition of rocks will no longer be her 

defence4 ,the hand that overturns our   
doors and temples1 is the hand of ,death
 unbarring the gate of pandemonium1 and 
letting loose upon our land the crimes  
and miseries of hell4 ,if the ,most     
,high should stand aloof and cast not a 
single ingredient into our cup of       
trembling1 it would seem to be full of  
superlative woe4 ,but ,he will not stand
 aloof4 ,as we shall have begun an open 
controversy with ,him1 he will contend  
openly with us4 ,and1 never1 since the  
earth stood1 has it been so fearful a   
thing for nations to fall into the hands
 of the living ,god4 ,the day of        
vengeance is at hand2 the day of        
judgment has come2 the great earthquakes
 which sinks ,babylon is making the     
nations1 and the waves of the mighty    
commotions are dashing upon every shore4
 ,is this1 then1 a time to remove the   
foundations1 when the earth itself is   
shaken8 ,is this a time to forfeit the  
protection of ,god1 when the hearts of  
men are failing them for fear1 and for  

looking after those things which are to 
come upon the earth8 ,is this a time to 
run upon ,his neck and the thick bosses 
of ,his buckler1 when the nations are   
drinking blood1 and fainting1 and       
passing away in ,his wrath8 ,is this the
 time to throw away the shield of faith1
 when ,his arrows are drunk with the    
blood of the slain8--to cut from the    
anchor of hope1 when the clouds are     
collecting1 and the sea and the waves   
are roaring and thunders are uttering   
their voices1 and lightnings blazing in 
the heavens1 and the great hail is      
falling from heaven upon men1 and every 
mountain1 sea1 and island is fleeing in 
dismay from the face of an incensed     
,god6                                   
,l4 ,beecher4                           
,,xliv4                        ,,on     
,,the ,,irish ,,disturbance ,,bill4  ,i 
do not rise to fawn or cringe to this   
,house2 ,i do not rise to supplicate you
 to be merciful towards the nation to   
which ,i belong1--toward a nation which 

though subject to ,england1 is yet      
distinct from it4 ,it is a distinct     
nation2 it has been treated as such by  
this country1 as may be proved by       
history1 and by seven hundred years of  
tyranny4 ,i call upon this ,house1 as   
you value the liberty of ,england1 not  
to allow this nefarious bill to pass4   
,in it are involved the liberties of    
,england1 the liberty of the press1 and4
 of every other institution dear to     
,englishmen4 ,against the bill ,i       
protest1 in the name of the ,irish      
people1 and in the face of ,heaven4 ,i  
treat with scorn the puny and pitiful   
assertions1 that grievances are not to  
be complained of1--that our redress is  
not to be agitated2 for1 in such cases1 
remonstrances cannot be too strong1     
agitation cannot be too violent1 to show
 to the world with what injustice our   
fair claims are met1 and under what     
tyranny the people suffer4  ,the clause 
which does away with trial by           
jury1--what1 in the name of ,heaven is  

it1 if it is not the establishment of a 
revolutionary tribunal8 ,it drives the  
judge from his bench2 it does away with 
that which is more sacred than the      
throne itself--that for which your king 
reigns1 your lords deliberate1 your     
commons assemble4 ,if ever ,i doubted   
before of the success of our agitation  
for repeal1 this bill1--this infamous   
bill1--the way in which it has been     
received by the ,house2 the manner in   
which its opponents have been treated2  
the personalities to which they have    
been subjected2 the yells with which one
 of them has this night been            
greeted1--all these things dissipate my 
doubts1 and tell me of its complete and 
early triumph4 ,do you think those yells
 will be forgotten8 ,do you suppose     
their echo will not reach the plains of 
my injured and insulted country2 that   
they will not be whispered in her green 
valleys1 and heard from her lofty hills8
 ,o1 they will be heard there6--yes2 and
 they will not be forgotten4 ,the youth 

of ,ireland will bound with             
indignation1--they will say ,we are     
eight millions2 and you treat us thus1  
as through we were no more to your      
country than the isle of ,guernsey or of
 ,jersey6  ,i have done my duty4 ,i     
stand acquitted to my conscience and my 
country4 ,i have opposed this measure   
throughout2 and ,i now protest against  
it as harsh1 oppressive1 uncalled for1  
unjust2--as establishing an infamous    
precedent1 by retaliating crime against 
crime2--as tyrannous1--cruelly and      
vindictively tyrannous6                 
,d4 ,o',connel4                         
,,xlv4                        ,c,,sar',s
 ,,pause ,,upon ,,the ,,rubicon4  ,an   
advocate of ,csar's character1 speaking 
of his benevolent disposition1 and of   
the reluctance with which he entered    
into the civil war1 observes1 ,how long 
did he pause upon the brink of the      
,rubicon6 ,how came he to the brink of  
that river8 ,how dared he cross it8     
,shall private men respect the          

boundaries of private property1 and     
shall a man pay no respect to the       
boundaries of his country's rights8 ,how
 dared he cross that river8--,oh6 but he
 paused upon the brink6 ,he should leave
 perished on the brink1 ere he had      
crossed it6 ,why did he pause8 ,why does
 a man's heart palpitate when he is on  
the point of committing an unlawful     
deed8 ,why does the very murderer1--his 
victim sleeping before him1 and his     
glaring eye taking measure of the       
blow1--strike wide of the mortal        
part8--,because of conscience6 ',t was  
that made ,csar pause upon the brink of 
the ,rubicon4 ,compassion6--,what       
compassion8 ,the compassion of an       
assassin1 that feels a momentary shudder
 as his weapon begins to cut6  ,csar    
paused upon the brink of the            
,rubicon6--,what was the ,rubicon8--,the
 boundary of ,csar's province4 ,from    
what did it separate his province8 ,from
 his country4 ,was that country a       
desert8 ,no3 it was cultivated and      

fertile2 rich and populous6 ,its sons   
were men of genius1 spirit1 and         
generosity6 ,its daughters were lovely1 
susceptible1 and chaste6 ,friendship was
 its inhabitant6--,love was its         
inhabitant6--,domestic affection was its
 inhabitant6--,liberty was its          
inhabitant6--,all bounded by the stream 
of the ,rubicon6 ,what was ,csar1 that  
stood upon the brink of that stream8--,a
 traitor1 bringing war and pestilence   
into the heart of that country6 ,no     
wonder that he paused6 ,no wonder if1 in
 his imagination1 wrought upon by his   
conscience1 he had beheld blood instead 
of water2 and heard groans instead of   
murmurs4 ,no wonder if some ,gorgon     
horror had turned him into stone upon   
the spot4--,but1 no6--he cried1 ,the die
 is cast6 ,he plunged6--,he             
crossed6--and ,rome was free no more4   
,j4 ,s4 ,knowles4                       
,,xlvi4                      ,,gustavus 
,,vasa ,,to ,,the ,,dalecarlians4       
,swedes6 countrymen6 behold at last1    

after a thousand dangers past1 your     
chief1 ,gustavus1 here6 ,long have ,i   
sighed 'mid foreign lands2 long have ,i 
roamed in foreign lands2 at length1 'mid
 ,swedish hearts and hands1 ,i grasp a  
,swedish spear6 ,yet1 looking forth1    
although ,i see none but the fearless   
and the free1 sad thoughts the sight    
inspires2 for where1 ,i think1 on       
,swedish ground1 save where these       
mountains frown around1 can that best   
heritage be found--the freedom of our   
sires8 ,yes1 ,sweden pines beneath the  
yoke2 the galling chain our fathers     
broke is round our country now6 ,on     
perjured craft and ruthless guilt his   
power a tyrant ,dane has built1 and     
,sweden's crown1 all blood-bespilt1     
rests on a foreign brow4 ,on you your   
country turns her eyes--on you1 on you1 
for aid relies1 scions of noblest stem6 
,the foremost place in rolls of fame1 by
 right your fearless fathers claim2     
yours is the glory of their name1--'t is
 yours to equal them4 ,as rushing down1 

when winter reigns1 resistless to the   
shaking plains1 the torrent tears its   
way1 and all that bars its onward course
 sweeps to the sea with headlong force1 
so swept your sires the ,dane and       
,norse2--can ye do less than they8      
,rise6 ,ressert your ancient pride1 and 
down the hills a living tide of fiery   
valor pour4 ,let but the storm of battle
 lower1 back to his den the foe will    
cower2--then1 then shall ,freedom's     
glorious hour strike for our land once  
more6 ,what6 silent motionless1 ye      
stand8 ,gleams not an eye8 ,moves not a 
hand8 ,think ye to fly your fate8 ,or   
till some better cause be given1 wait   
ye8--,then wait6 till1 banished1 driven1
 ye fear to meet the face of            
,heaven2--till ye are slaughtered1 wait4
 ,but no6 your kindling hearts gainsay  
the thought4 ,hark6 hear that           
bloodhound's bay6 ,yon blazing village  
see6 ,rise1 countrymen6 ,awake6 ,defy   
the haughty ,dane6 ,your battlecry be   
,freedom6 ,we will do or die6 ,on6      

,death or victory6                      
,,xlvii4                                
,,nobility ,,of ,,labor4  ,i call upon  
those whom ,i address to stand up for   
the nobility of labor4 ,it is ,heaven's 
great ordinance for human improvement4  
,let not that great ordinance be broken 
down4 ,what do ,i say8 ,it is broken    
down2 and it has been broken down for   
ages4 ,let it then be built up again2   
here1 if anywhere1 on these shores of a 
new world1 of a new civilization ,but   
how1 ,i may be asked1 is it broken down8
 ,do not men toil8 it may be said4 ,they
 do indeed toil2 but they too generally 
do it because they must4 ,many submit to
 it as in some sort a degrading         
necessity2 and they desire nothing so   
much on earth as escape from it4 ,they  
fulfil the great law of labor in the    
letter1 but break it in the spirit2     
fulfill it with the muscle1 but break it
 with the mind4 ,to some field of labor1
 mental or manual1 every idler should   
fasten1 as a chosen and coveted theatre 

of improvement4 ,but so he is not       
impelled to do1 under the teachings of  
our imperfect civilization4 ,on the     
contrary1 he sits down1 folds his hands1
 and blesses himself in his idleness4   
,this way of thinking is the heritage of
 the absurd and unjust feudal system    
under which serfs labored1 and gentlemen
 spent their lives in fighting and      
feasting4 ,it is time that this         
opprobrium of toil were done away4      
,ashamed to toil1 art thou8 ,ashamed of 
thy dingy work-shop and dusty           
labor-field2 of thy hard hand scarred   
with service more honorable than that of
 war2 of thy soiled and weather-stained 
garments1 on which mother ,nature has   
embroidered1 midst sun and rain1 midst  
fire and steam1 her own heraldic honors8
 ,ashamed of these tokens and titles1   
and envious of the flaunting robes of   
imbecile idleness and vanity8 ,it is    
treason to ,nature2 it is impiety to    
,heaven2 it is breaking ,heaven's great 
ordinance4 ,toil1 ,i repeat toil--either

 of the brain1 of the heart1 or of the  
hand1 is the only true manhood1 the only
 true nobility4                         
,o4 ,dewey4                             
,,xlviii4                               
,,salathiel ,,to ,,titus4  ,son of      
,vespasian1 ,i am at this hour a poor   
man1 as ,i may in the next be an exile  
or a slave3 ,i have ties to life as     
strong as ever were bound round the     
heart of man4 ,i stand here a suppliant 
for the life of one whose loss would    
embitter mine6 ,yet1 not for wealth     
unlimited1 for the safety of my family1 
for the life of the noble victim that is
 now standing at the place of torture1  
dare ,i abandon1 dare ,i think the      
impious thought of abandoning the cause 
of the ,city of ,holiness4  ,titus6 in  
the name of that ,being1 to whom the    
wisdom of the earth is folly1 ,i adjure 
you to beware4 ,jerusalem is sacred4    
,her crimes have often wrought her      
misery2 often has she been trampled by  
the armies of the stranger4 ,but she is 

still the ,city of the ,omnipotent2 and 
never was blow inflicted on her by man1 
that was not terribly repaid4  ,the     
,assyrian came1 the mightiest power of  
the world2 he plundered her temple1 and 
led her people into captivity4 ,how long
 was it before his empire was a dream1  
his dynasty extinguished in blood1 and  
an enemy on his throne8 ,the ,persian   
came2 from her protector he turned into 
her oppressor2 and his empire was swept 
away like the dust of the desert6 ,the  
,syrian smote her2 the smiter died in   
agonies of remorse2 and where is his    
kingdom now8 ,the ,egyptian smote her2  
and who now sits on the throne of the   
,ptolemies8  ,pompey came3 the          
invincible1 the conqueror of a thousand 
cities1 the light of ,rome2 the lord of 
,asia1 riding on the very wings of      
victory4 ,but he profaned her temple2   
and from that hour he went down1--down1 
like a millstone plunged into the ocean6
 ,blind counsel1 rash ambition1 womanish
 fears were upon the great statesman and

 warrior of ,rome4 ,where does he sleep8
 ,what sands were colored with his      
blood8 ,the universal conqueror died a  
slave1 by the hand of a slave6 ,crassus 
came at the head of the legions2 he     
plundered the sacred vessels of the     
sanctuary4 ,vengeance followed him1 and 
he was cursed by the curse of ,god4     
,where are the bones of the robber and  
his host8 ,go1 tear them from the jaws  
of the lion and the wolf of             
,parthia1--their fitting tomb6  ,you1   
too3 son of ,vespasian1 may be          
commissioned for the punishment of a    
stiff-necked and rebellious people4 ,you
 may scourge our naked vice by force of 
arms2 and then you may return to your   
own land exulting in the conquest of the
 fiercest enemy of ,rome4 ,but shall you
 escape the common fate of the          
instrument of evil8 ,shall you see a    
peaceful old age8 ,shall a son of yours 
ever sit upon the throne8 ,shall not    
rather some monster of your blood efface
 the memory of your virtues1 and make   

,rome1 in bitterness of soul1 curse the 
,flavian name8                          
,g4 ,croly4                             
,,xlix4                  ,,an ,,appeal  
,,to ,,the ,,loyalty ,,of ,,south       
,,carolina4  ,fellow-citizens of my     
native ,state6 ,let me not only admonish
 you as the first magistrate of our     
common country not to incur the penalty 
of its laws1 but use the influence that 
a father would over his children whom he
 saw rushing to certain ruin4 ,in that  
paternal language1 with that1 paternal  
feeling1 let me tell you1 my countrymen1
 that you are deluded by men who are    
either deceived themselves1 or wish to  
deceive you4 ,contemplate the condition 
of that country of which you still form 
an important part6 ,consider its        
government1 uniting in one bond of      
common interest and general protection  
so many different ,states--giving to all
 their inhabitants the proud title of   
,american citizen--protecting their     
commerce--securing their literature and 

arts--facilitating their                
intercommunication--defending their     
frontiers and making their name         
respected in the remotest parts of the  
earth6 ,consider the extent of its      
territory1 its increasing and happy     
population1 its advance in arts which   
render life agreeable1 and the sciences 
which elevate the mind6 ,see education  
spreading the lights of religion1       
morality1 and general information into  
every cottage in this wide extent of our
 ,territories and ,states6 ,behold it1  
as the asylum where the wretched and the
 oppressed find a refuge and support6   
,look on this picture of happiness and  
honor1 and say ,we1 too1 are citizens of
 ,america6 ,carolina is one of these    
proud ,states2 her arms have defended1  
her best blood has cemented this happy  
,union6 ,and then add1 if you can1 with 
out horror and remorse1 ,this happy     
,union we will dissolve this picture of 
peace and prosperity we will            
deface--this free intercourse we will   

interrupt--these fertile fields we will 
deluge with blood--the protection of    
that glorious flag we renounce--the very
 name of ,americans we discard6 ,and for
 what1 mistaken men6 for what do you    
throw away these inestimable            
blessings--for what would you exchange  
your share in the advantages and honor  
of the ,union8 ,for the dream of a      
separate independence--a dream          
interrupted by bloody conflicts with    
your neighbors1 and a vile dependence on
 a foreign power4                       
,a4 ,jackson4                           
,l4                              ,,the  
,,same ,,concluded4  ,there is yet time 
to show1 that the descendants of the    
,pinckneys1 the ,sumters the ,rutledges1
 and of the thousand other names which  
adorn the pages of your ,revolutionary  
history1 will not abandon that ,union to
 support which so many of them fought1  
and bled1 and died4 ,i adjure you1 as   
you honor their memory1 as you love the 
cause of freedom to which they dedicated

 their lives1 as you prize the peace of 
your country1 the lives of its best     
citizens1 and your own fair fame1 to    
retrace your steps4 ,snatch from the    
archives of your ,state the             
disorganizing edict of its              
convention1--bid its members to         
reassemble and promulgate the decided   
expression of your will1 to remain in   
the path which alone can conduct you to 
safety1 prosperity1 and honor2--tell    
them that compared to disunion1 all     
other evils are light1 because that     
brings with it an accumulation of       
all2--declare that you will never take  
the field1 unless the star-spangled     
banner of your country shall float over 
you2 that you will not be stigmatized   
when dead1 and dishonored and scorned   
while you live1 as the authors of the   
first attack on the ,constitution of    
your country1--its destroyers you cannot
 be4  ,fellow-citizens1 the momentous   
case is before you4 ,on your undivided  
support of the ,government depends the  

decision of the great question it       
involves3 whether our sacred ,union will
 be preserved1 and the blessings it     
secures to us as one people shall be    
perpetuated4 ,no one can doubt that the 
unanimity with which that decision will 
be expressed1 will be such as to inspire
 new confidence in republican           
institutions2 and that the prudence1 the
 wisdom1 and the courage1 which it will 
bring to their defense1 will transmit   
them unimpaired and invigorated to our  
children4 ,may the ,great ,ruler of     
nations grant that the signal blessings 
with which ,he has favored ours1 may    
not1 by the madness of party or personal
 ambition1 be disregarded and lost2 and 
may ,his wise ,providence bring those   
who have produced this crisis1 to see   
their folly1 before they feel the misery
 of civil strife2 and inspire a         
returning veneration for that ,union1   
which1 if we may dare to penetrate ,his 
designs1 ,he has chosen as the only     
means of obtaining the high destinies to

 which we may reasonably aspire4        
,a4 ,jackson4                           
,,li4                           ,,burr  
,,and ,,blennerhassett4  ,a plain man1  
who knew nothing of the curious         
transmutation which the wit of man can  
work1 would be very apt to wonder by    
what kind of legerdemain ,aaron ,burr   
had contrived to shuffle himself down to
 the bottom of the pack1 as an          
accessory1 and turn up poor             
,blennerhassett as principal1 in this   
treason4 ,who1 then1 is ,aaron ,burr1   
and what the part which he has borne in 
this transaction8 ,he is its author1 its
 projector1 its active executor4 ,bold1 
ardent1 restless1 and aspiring1 his     
brain conceived it1 his hand brought it 
into action4  ,who is ,blennerhassett8  
,a native of ,ireland a man of letters1 
who fled from the storms of his own     
country to find quiet in ours4 ,on his  
arrival in ,america1 he retired1 even   
from the population of the ,atlantic    
,states1 and sought quiet and solitude  

in the bosom of our western forests4    
,but he brought with him taste1 and     
science1 and wealth2 and lo the desert  
smiled6 ,possessing himself of a        
beautiful island in the ,ohio1 he rears 
upon it a palace1 and decorates it with 
every romantic embellishment of fancy4  
,a shrubbery1 that ,shenstone might have
 envied1 blooms around him4 ,music1 that
 might have charmed ,calypso and her    
nymphs is his4 ,an extensive library    
spreads its treasures before him4 ,a    
philosophical apparatus offers to him   
all the secrets and mysteries of        
,nature4 ,peace1 tranquillity1 and      
innocence1 shed their mingled delights  
around him4 ,and1 to crown the          
enchantment of the scene1 a wife1 who is
 said to be lovely even beyond her sex1 
and graced with every accomplishment    
that can render it irresistible1 had    
blessed him with her love1 and made him 
the father of several children4 ,the    
evidence would convince you1 sir1 that  
this is but a faint picture of the real 

life4 ,in the midst of all this peace1  
this innocence1 and this tranquillity1  
this feast of the mind1 this pure       
banquet of the heart1--the destroyer    
comes4 ,he comes to turn this paradise  
into a hell4 ,yet the flowers do not    
wither at his approach1 and no monitory 
shuddering through the bosom of their   
unfortunate possessor warns him of the  
ruin that is coming upon him4 ,a        
stranger presents himself4 ,it is ,aaron
 ,burr4 ,introduced to their civilities 
by the high rank which he had lately    
held in his country1 he soon finds his  
way to their hearts1 by the dignity and 
elegance of his demeanor1 the light and 
beauty of his conversation1 and the     
seductive and fascinating power of his  
address4 ,the conquest was not          
difficult4 ,innocence is ever simple and
 credulous4 ,conscious of no designs    
itself1 it suspects none in others4 ,it 
wears no guards before its breast4      
,every door and portal and avenue of the
 heart is thrown open1 and all who      

choose it enter4 ,such was the state of 
,eden1 when the serpent entered its     
bowers6  ,the prisoner1 in a more       
engaging form1 winding himself into the 
open and unpracticed heart of the       
unfortunate ,blennerhassett1 found but  
little difficulty in changing the native
 character of that heart1 and the object
 of its affection4 ,by degrees1 he      
infuses into it the poison of his own   
ambition4 ,he breathes into it the fire 
of his own courage2 a daring1 desperate 
thirst for glory2 an ardor1 panting for 
all the storm1 and bustle1 and hurricane
 of life4 ,in a short time1 the whole   
man is changed1 and every object of his 
former delight relinquished4 ,no more he
 enjoys the tranquil scene2 it has      
become flat and insipid to his taste4   
,his books are abandoned4 ,his retort   
and crucible are thrown aside4 ,his     
shrubbery bloom's and breathes its      
fragrance upon the air in vain he likes 
it not4 ,his ear no longer drinks the   
rich melody of music2 it longs for the  

trumpet's clangor1 and the cannon's     
roar4 ,even the prattle of his babes1   
once so sweet1 no longer affects him2   
and the angel smile of his wife1 which  
hitherto touched his bosom with ecstasy 
so unspeakable1 is now unfelt and       
unseen4 ,greater objects have taken     
possession of his soul4 ,his imagination
 has been dazzled by visions of diadems1
 and stars1 and garters1 and titles of  
nobility4 ,he has been taught to burn   
with restless emulation at the names of 
great heroes and conquerors1--of        
,cromwell1 and ,csar1 and ,bonaparte4   
,his enchanted island is destined soon  
to relapse into a wilderness2 and1 in a 
few months1 we find the tender and      
beautiful partner of his bosom1 whom he 
lately permitted not the winds of summer
 to visit too roughly1--we find her     
shivering1 at midnight1 on the wintry   
banks of the ,ohio1 and mingling her    
tears with the torrents that froze as   
they fell4  ,yet this unfortunate man1  
thus deluded from his interest and his  

happiness1--thus seduced from the paths 
of innocents and peace1--thus confounded
 in the toils which were deliberately   
spread for him1 and overwhelmed by the  
mastering spirit and genius of          
another1--this man1 thus ruined and     
undone1 and made to play a subordinate  
part in this grand drama of guilt and   
treason1--this man is to be called the  
principal offender2 while he1 by whom he
 was thus plunged in misery1 is         
comparatively innocent1 a mere          
accessory6 ,is this reason8 ,is it law8 
,is it humanity8 ,sir1 neither the human
 heart nor the human understanding will 
bear a perversion so monstrous and      
absurd2 so shocking to the soul2 so     
revolting to reason6                    
,wm4 ,wirt4                             
,,lii4                         ,,cause  
,f#j,r ,,indian ,,resentment4  ,you say 
you have bought the country4 ,bought it8
 ,yes2 of whom8 ,of the poor1 trembling 
natives1 who knew that refusal would be 
vain2 and who strove to make a merit of 

necessity1 by seeming to yield with a   
grace what they knew they had not the   
power to retain4  ,alas1 the poor       
,indians6 ,no wonder that they continue 
so implacably vindictive against the    
white people4 ,no wonder that the rage  
of resentment is handed down from       
generation to generation4 ,no wonder    
that they refuse to associate and mix   
permanently with their unjust and cruel 
invaders and exterminators4 ,no wonder  
that1 in the unabating spite and frenzy 
of conscious impotence1 they wage an    
eternal war1 as well as they are able2  
that they triumph in the rare           
opportunity of revenge2 that they dance1
 sing1 and rejoice1 as the victim       
shrinks and faints amid the flames1 when
 they imagine all the crimes of their   
oppressors collected on his head1 and   
fancy the spirits of their injured      
forefathers hovering over the scene1    
smiling with ferocious delight at the   
grateful spectacle3 and feasting on the 
precious odor as it arises from the     

burning blood of the white man4 ,yet the
 people here affect to wonder that the  
,indians are so very unsusceptible of   
civilization2 or1 in other words1 that  
they so obstinately refuse to adopt the 
manners of the white man4  ,go1         
,virginians1 erase from the ,indian     
nation the tradition of their wrongs4   
,make them forget1 if you can1 that once
 this charming country was theirs2 that 
over these fields and through these     
forests their beloved forefathers once1 
in careless gayety1 pursued their sports
 and hunted their game2 that every      
returning day found them the sole1 the  
peaceful1 and happy proprietors of this 
extensive and beautiful domain4 ,go1    
administer the cup of oblivion to       
recollections like these1 and then you  
will cease to complain that the ,indian 
refuses to be civilized4 ,but1 until    
then1 surely it is nothing wonderful    
that a nation1 even yet bleeding afresh 
from the memory of ancient wrongs1      
perpetually agonized by new outrages1   

and goaded into desperation and madness 
at the prospect of the certain ruin     
which awaits their descendants1 should  
hate the authors of their miseries1 of  
their desolation1 their destruction2    
should hate their manners1 hate their   
color1 hate their language1 hate their  
name1 hate everything that belongs to   
them4 ,no1 never1 until time shall wear 
out the history of their sorrows and    
their sufferings1 will the ,indian be   
brought to love the white man1 and to   
imitate his manners4                    
,wm4 ,wirt4                             
,,liii4                         ,,speech
 ,,on ,,the ,,british ,,treaty4  ,the   
refusal of the posts 7inevitable if we  
reject the treaty7 is a measure too     
decisive in its nature to be neutral in 
its consequences4 ,if any should still  
maintain1 that the peace with the       
,indians will be stable without the     
posts1 to them ,i will urge another     
reply4 ,i will appeal directly to the   
hearts of those who hear me1 and ask    

whether conviction is not already       
planted there4 ,i resort especially to  
the convictions of the ,western         
gentlemen1 whether1 supposing no posts  
and no treaty6 the settlers will remain 
in security8 ,can they take it upon them
 to say1 that an ,indian peace1 under   
these circumstances1 will prove firm8   
,no1 sir1 it will not be peace1 but a   
sword2 it will be no better than a lure 
to draw victims within reach of the     
tomahawk4 ,on this theme my emotions are
 unutterable4 ,if ,i could find words   
for them1 if my powers bore any         
proportion to my zeal1 ,i would swell my
 voice to such a note of remonstrance1  
it should reach every log house beyond  
the mountains4 ,i would say to the      
inhabitants1 ,wake from your false      
security6 ,your cruel dangers1 your more
 cruel apprehensions1 are soon to be    
renewed4 ,the wounds yet unhealed are to
 be torn open again4 ,in the daytime1   
your path through the woods will be     
ambushed4 ,the darkness of midnight will

 glitter with the blaze of your         
dwellings4 ,you are a father--the blood 
of your sons shall fatten your          
corn-field4 ,you are a mother1--the     
war-whoop shall wake the sleep of the   
cradle4  ,on this subject you need not  
suspect any deception on your feelings4 
,it is a spectacle of horror which      
cannot be overdrawn4 ,if you have nature
 in your hearts1 they will speak a      
language compared with which all ,i have
 said or can say will be poor and       
frigid4  ,who will accuse me of         
wandering out of the subject8 ,who will 
say that ,i exaggerate the tendencies of
 our measures8 ,will any one answer by a
 sneer1 that all this is idle preaching8
 ,would any one deny that we are bound1 
and ,i would hope to good purpose1 by   
the most solemn sanctions of duty for   
the vote we give8 ,are despots alone to 
be reproached for unfeeling indifference
 to the tears and blood of their        
subjects8 ,are republicans              
irresponsible8 ,have the principles on  

which you ground the reproach upon      
cabinets and kings no practical         
influence1 no binding force8 ,are they  
merely themes of idle declamation1      
introduced to decorate the morality of a
 newspaper essay1 or to furnish pretty  
topics of harangue from the windows of  
that ,state ,house8 ,i trust it is      
neither too presumptuous nor too late to
 ask1 ,can you put the dearest interest 
of society at risk1 without guilt and   
without remorse8  ,it is in vain to     
offer as an excuse1 that public men are 
not to be reproached for the evils that 
may happen to ensue from their measures4
 ,this is very true where they are      
unforeseen or inevitable4 ,those ,i have
 depicted are not unforeseen4 ,they are 
so far from inevitable1 we are going to 
bring them into being by our vote2 we   
choose the consequences1 and become as  
justly answerable for them1 as for the  
measure that we know will produce them4 
,by rejecting the posts1 we light the   
savage fires1 we bind the victims4 ,this

 day we undertake to render account to  
the widows and orphans whom our decision
 will make1--to the wretches that will  
be roasted at the stake1--to our        
country1--and ,i do not deem it too     
serious to say1 to conscience and to    
,god4 ,we are answerable2 and if duty be
 anything more than a word of imposture1
 if conscience be not a bugbear1 we are 
preparing to make ourselves as wretched 
as our country4 ,there is no mistake in 
this case2 there can be none4           
,experience has already been the prophet
 of events1 and the cries of our future 
victims has already reached us4 ,the    
,western inhabitants are not a silent   
and uncomplaining sacrifice4 ,the voice 
of humanity issues from the shade of the
 wilderness4 ,it exclaims1 that while   
one hand is held up to reject this      
treaty1 the other grasps the tomahawk4  
,it summons our imagination to the      
scenes that will open4 ,it is no great  
effort of the imagination to conceive   
that events so near are already begun4  

,i can fancy that ,i listen to the yells
 of savage vengeance and the shrieks of 
torture6 ,already they seem to sigh in  
the western wind6 ,already they mingle  
with every echo from the mountains6     
,f4 ,ames4                              
,,liv4                          ,,speech
 ,,against ,a ,,libeller4  ,i am one of 
those who believe that the heart of the 
wilful and deliberate libeller is       
blacker than that of the highway robber1
 or of one who commits the crime of     
midnight arson4 ,the man who plunders on
 the highway may have the semblance of  
an apology for what he does4 ,an        
affectionate wife may demand            
subsistence2 a circle of helpless       
children raise to him the supplicating  
hand for food4 ,he may be driven to the 
desperate act by the high mandate of    
imperative necessity4 ,the mild features
 of the husband and father may          
intermingle with those of the robber and
 soften the roughness of the shade4 ,but
 the robber of character plunders that  

which not enricheth him1 though it makes
 his neighbor poor indeed4 ,the man who 
at the midnight hour consumes his       
neighbor's dwelling does him an injury  
which perhaps is not irreparable4       
,industry may rear another habitation4  
,the storm may indeed descend upon him  
until charity opens a neighboring door2 
the rude winds of heaven may whistle    
around his uncovered family4 ,but he    
looks forward to better days2 he has yet
 a hook left to hang a hope on4 ,no such
 consolation cheers the heart of him    
whose character has been torn from him4 
,if innocent he may look1 like          
,anaxagoras1 to the heavens2 but he must
 be constrained to feel this world is to
 him a wilderness4 ,for whither shall he
 go8 ,shall he dedicate himself to the  
service of his country8 ,but will his   
country receive him8 ,will she employ in
 her councils1 or in her armies1 the man
 at whom the slow unmoving finger of    
scorn is pointed8 ,shall he betake      
himself to the fireside8 ,the story of  

his disgrace will enter his own doors   
before him4 ,and can he bear1 think you1
 can he bear the sympathizing agonies of
 a distressed wife8 ,can he endure the  
formidable presence of scrutinizing1    
sneering domestics8 ,will his children  
receive instructions from the lips of a 
disgraced father8  ,gentlemen1 ,i am not
 ranging on fairy ground4 ,i am telling 
the plain story of my client's wrongs4  
,by the guiltless hand of malice his    
character has been wantonly             
massacred1--and he now appears before a 
jury of his country for redress4 ,will  
you deny him this redress8 ,is character
 valuable8 ,on this point ,i will not   
insult you with argument4 ,there are    
certain things to argue which is treason
 against nature4 ,the ,author of our    
being did not intend to leave this point
 afloat at the mercy of opinion1 but    
with ,his own hand has ,he kindly       
planted in the soul of man an           
instinctive love of character4 ,this    
high sentiment has no affinity to pride4

 ,it is the ennobling quality of the    
soul2 and if we have hitherto been      
elevated above the ranks of surrounding 
creation1 human nature owes its         
elevation to the love of character4 ,it 
is the love of character for which the  
poet has sung1 the philosopher toiled1  
the hero bled4 ,it is the love of       
character which wrought miracles at     
ancient ,greece2 the love of character  
is the eagle on which ,rome rose to     
empire4 ,and it is the love of          
character1 animating the bosoms of her  
sons1 on which ,america must depend in  
those approaching crises that may try   
men's soul's4 ,will a jury weaken this  
our nation's hope8 ,will they by their  
verdict pronounce to the youth of our   
country1 that character is scarce worth 
possessing8  ,we read of that philosophy
 which can smile at the destruction of  
property--of that religion which enables
 its possessor to extend the benign look
 of forgiveness and complacency to his  
murderers4 ,but it is not in the soul of

 man to bear the laceration of slander4 
,the philosophy which could bear it we  
should despise4 ,the religion which     
could bear it we should not             
despise1--but we should be constrained  
to say1 that its kingdom was not of this
 world4                                 
,griffin4                               
,,lv4                          ,,new    
,,england ,,and ,,the ,,union4          
,glorious ,new ,england6 thou art still 
time to thy ancient fame1 and worthy of 
thy ancestral honors4 ,we1 thy children1
 have assembled in this far-distant land
 to celebrate thy birthday4 ,a thousand 
fond associations throng upon us1 roused
 by the spirit of the hour4 ,on thy     
pleasant valleys rest1 like sweet dews  
of morning1 the gentle recollections of 
our early life2 around thy hills and    
mountains cling1 like gathering mists1  
the mighty memories of the ,revolution2 
and1 far away in the horizon of thy     
past1 gleam1 like thy own bright        
northern lights1 the awful virtues of   

our ,pilgrim ,sires6  ,but while we     
devote this day to the remembrance of   
our native land1 we forget not that in  
which our happy lot is cast4 ,we exult  
in the reflection1 that though we count 
by thousands the miles which separate us
 from our birthplace1 still our country 
is the same4 ,we are no exiles1 meeting 
upon the banks of a foreign river to    
swell its waters with our homesick      
tears4 ,here floats the same banner     
which rustled above our boyish heads1   
except that its mighty folds are wider1 
and its glittering stars increased in   
number4  ,the sons of ,new ,england are 
found in every ,state of the broad      
,republic4 ,in the ,east1 the ,south1   
and the unbounded ,west1 their blood    
mingles freely with every kindred       
current4 ,we have but changed our       
chamber in the paternal mansion2 in all 
its rooms we are at home1 and all who   
inhabit it are our brothers4 ,to us the 
,union has but one domestic hearth2 its 
household gods are all the same4 ,upon  

us then peculiarly devolves the duty of 
feeding the fires upon that kindly      
hearth1 of guarding with pious care     
those sacred household gods4  ,we cannot
 do with less than the whole ,union2 to 
us it admits of no division4 ,in the    
veins of our children flows ,northern   
and ,southern blood4 ,how shall it be   
separated8 ,who shall put asunder the   
best affections of the heart1 the       
noblest instincts of our nature8 ,we    
love the land of our adoption2 so do we 
that of our birth4 ,let us ever be true 
to both1 and always exert ourselves in  
maintaining the unity of our country1   
the integrity of the ,republic4         
,accursed1 then1 be the hand put forth  
to loosen the golden cord of the        
,union6--thrice accursed the traitorous 
lips which shall propose its severance6 
,but no2 the ,union cannot be dissolved4
 ,its fortunes are too brilliant to be  
marred2 its destinies too powerful to be
 resisted4 ,here will be their greatest 
triumphs1 their most mighty development4

 ,and when1 a century hence1 this       
,crescent ,city shall have filled her   
golden horns1--when within her          
broad-armed port shall be gathered the  
products of the industry of a hundred   
millions of freemen1--when galleries of 
art and halls of learning shall have    
made classic this mart of trade1--then  
may the sons of the ,pilgrims1 still    
wandering from the bleak hills of the   
,north1 stand upon the banks of the     
great river and exclaim with mingled    
pride and wonder1--,lo1 this is our     
country3 when did the world ever behold 
so rich and magnificent a city1--so     
great and glorious a ,republic6         
,s4 ,s4 ,prentiss4                      
,,lvi4                         ,,on     
,,sending ,,relief ,,to ,,ireland4  ,we 
have assembled1 not to respond to shouts
 of triumph from the ,west1 but to      
answer to the cry of want and suffering 
which comes from the ,east4 ,the ,old   
,world stretches out her arms to the    
,new4 ,the starving parent supplicates  

the young and vigorous child for bread4 
,there lies1 upon the other side of the 
wide ,atlantic1 a beautiful island      
famous in history and in song4 ,its area
 is not so great as that of the ,state  
of ,louisiana1 while its population is  
almost half that of the ,union4 ,it has 
given to the world more than its share  
of genius and of greatness4 ,it has been
 prolific in statesmen1 warriors1 and   
poets4 ,its brave and generous sons have
 fought successfully all battles but    
their own4 ,in wit and humor it has no  
equal1 while its harp1 like its history1
 moves to tears1 by its sweet but       
melancholy pathos4 ,into this fair      
region ,god has seen fit to send the    
most terrible of all those fearful      
ministers who fulfil his inscrutable    
decrees4 ,the earth has failed to give  
her increase2 the common mother has     
forgotten her offspring1 and her breast 
no longer affords them their accustomed 
nourishment4 ,famine1 gaunt and ghastly 
famine1 has seized a nation in its      

strangling grasp2 and unhappy ,ireland1 
in the sad woes of the present1 forgets1
 for a moment1 the gloomy history of the
 past4  ,oh1 it is terrible1 in this    
beautiful world3 which the good ,god has
 given us1 and in which there is plenty 
for us all1 that men should die of      
starvation6 ,you who see1 each day1     
poured into the lap of your city1 food  
sufficient to assuage the hunger of a   
nation1 can form but an imperfect idea  
of the horrors of famine4 ,in battle1 in
 the fulness of his pride and strength1 
little recks the soldier whether the    
hissing bullet sings his sudden requiem1
 or the cords of life are severed by the
 sharp steel4 ,but he who dies of       
hunger1 wrestles alone1 day after day   
with his grim and unrelenting enemy4    
,the blood recedes1 the flesh deserts1  
the muscles relax1 and the sinews grow  
powerless4 ,at last1 the mind1 which1 at
 first1 had bravely nerved itself for   
the contest1 gives way1 under the       
mysterious influences which govern its  

union with the body4 ,then he begins to 
doubt the existence of an overruling    
,providence2 he hates his fellow-men1   
and glares upon them with the longings  
of a cannibal1 and it may be1 dies      
blaspheming6  ,who will hesitate to give
 his mite to avert such awful results8  
,surely not the citizens of ,new        
,orleans1 ever famed for deeds of       
charity and benevolence4 ,freely leave  
your hearts and purses opened1          
heretofore1 to the call of suffering    
humanity4 ,nobly did you respond to     
oppressed ,greece and to struggling     
,poland4 ,within ,erin's borders is an  
enemy more cruel than the ,turk1 more   
tyrannical than the ,russian4 ,bread is 
the only weapon that can conquer him4   
,let us1 then load ships with this      
glorious munition1 and1 in the name of  
our common humanity wage war against    
this despot ,famine4 ,let us1 in ,god's 
name1 cast our bread upon the waters1   
and if we are selfish enough to desire  
it back again1 we may recollect the     

promise1 that it shall return to us     
after many days4                        
,s4 ,s4 ,prentiss4                      
,,lvii4                        ,,the    
,,new ,,england ,,common ,,school4      
,behold yon simple building near the    
crossing of the village road6 ,it is    
small1 and of rude construction1 but    
stands in a pleasant and quiet spot4 ,a 
magnificent old elm spreads its broad   
arms above1 and seems to lean towards   
it1 as a strong man bends to shelter and
 protect a child4 ,a brook runs through 
the meadow near1 and hard by there is an
 orchard2 but the trees have suffered   
much1 and bear no fruit1 except upon the
 most remote and inaccessible branches4 
,from within its walls comes a busy hum1
 such as you may hear in a disturbed    
beehive4 ,now peep through yonder       
window1 and you will see a hundred      
children with rosy cheeks1 mischievous  
eyes1 and demure faces1 all engaged1 or 
pretending to be so1 in their little    
lessons4 ,it is the public school1--the 

free1 the common school1--provided by   
law2 open to all2 claimed from the      
community as a right1 not accepted as a 
bounty4  ,here the children of the rich 
and poor1 high and low1 meet upon       
perfect equality1 and commence1 under   
the same auspices1 the race of life4    
,here the sustenance of the mind is     
served up to all alike1 as the ,spartans
 served their food upon the public      
table4 ,here1 young ,ambition climbs his
 little ladder1 and boyish ,genius      
plumes his half-fledged wing4 ,from     
among these laughing children will go   
forth the men who are to control the    
destinies of their age and country2 the 
statesman1 whose wisdom is to guide the 
,senate2 the poet1 who will take captive
 the hearts of the people1 and bind them
 together with immortal song2 the       
philosopher1 who1 boldly seizing upon   
the elements themselves1 will compel    
them to his wishes1 and1 through new    
combinations of their primal laws1 by   
some great discovery1 revolutionize both

 art and science4  ,the common          
village-school is ,new ,england's       
fairest boast1--the brightest jewel     
that1 adorns her brow4 ,the principle   
that society is bound to provide for its
 members' education as well as          
protection1 so that none need be        
ignorant except from choice1 is the most
 important that belongs to modern       
philosophy4 ,it is essential to a       
republican government4 ,universal       
education is not only the best and      
surest1 but the only sure1 foundation   
for free institutions4 ,true liberty is 
the child of knowledge2 she pines away  
and dies in the arms of ignorance4      
,honor1 then1 to the early fathers of   
,new ,england1 from whom came the spirit
 which has built a school-house by every
 sparkling fountain1 and bids all come  
as freely to the one as to the other4   
,s4 ,s4 ,prentiss4                      
,,lviii4                                
,,christianity ,,the ,,source ,,of      
,,reform4  ,the great element of reform 

is not born of human wisdom3 it does not
 draw its life from human organizations4
 ,i find it only in ,christianity4 ,thy 
kingdom come6 ,there is a sublime and   
pregnant burden in this prayer4 ,it is  
the aspiration of every soul that goes  
forth in the spirit of ,reform4 ,for    
what is the significance of this prayer8
 ,it is a petition that all holy        
influences would penetrate1 and subdue1 
and dwell in the heart of man1 until he 
shall think1 and speak1 and do good1    
from the very necessity of his being4   
,so would the institutions of error and 
wrong crumble and pass away4 ,so would  
sin die out from the earth2 and the     
human soul living in harmony with the   
,divine ,will1 this earth would become  
like ,heaven4 ,it is too late for the   
reformers to sneer at ,christianity1--it
 is foolishness for them to reject it4  
,in it are enshrined our faith in human 
progress1--our confidence in reform4 ,it
 is indissolubly connected with all that
 is hopeful1 spiritual1 capable in man4 

,that men have misunderstood it1 and    
perverted it1 is true4 ,but it is also  
true1 that the noblest efforts for human
 melioration have come out of it1--have 
been based upon it4 ,is it not so8      
,come1 ye remembered ones1 who sleep the
 sleep of the just1--who took your      
conduct from the line of ,christian     
philosophy--come from your tombs1 and   
answer6  ,come1 ,howard1 from the gloom 
of the prison and the taint of the      
lazar-house1 and show us what           
philanthropy can do when imbued with the
 spirit of ,jesus4 ,come1 ,eliot1 from  
the thick forest where the red man      
listens to the ,word of ,life2--come1   
,penn1 from thy sweet counsel and       
weaponless victory1--and show us what   
,christian zeal and ,christian love can 
accomplish with the rudest barbarians or
 the fiercest hearts4 ,come1 ,raikes1   
from thy labors with the ignorant and   
the poor1 and show us with what an eye  
this ,faith regards the lowest and the  
least of our race2 and how diligently it

 labors1 not for the body1 not for the  
rank1 but for the plastic soul that is  
to course the ages of immortality4 ,and 
ye1 who are a great number1--ye nameless
 ones1--who have done good in your      
narrow spheres1 content to forego renown
 on earth1 and seeking your reward in   
the ,record on ,high1--come and tell us 
how kindly a spirit1 how lofty a        
purpose1 or how strong a courage1 the   
,religion ye professed can breathe into 
the poor1 the humble1 and the weak4 ,go 
forth1 then1 ,spirit of ,christianity1  
to thy great work of ,reform6 ,the ,past
 bears witness to thee in the blood of  
thy martyrs1 and the ashes of thy saints
 and heroes3 the ,present is hopeful    
because of thee2 the ,future shall      
acknowledge thy omnipotence4            
,e4 ,h4 ,chapin4                        
,,lix4                                  
,,northern ,,laborers4  ,the gentleman1 
sir1 has misconceived the spirit and    
tendency of ,northern institutions4 ,he 
is ignorant of ,northern character4 ,he 

has forgotten the history of his        
country4 ,preach insurrection to the    
,northern laborers6 ,who are the        
,northern laborers8 ,the history of your
 country is their history4 ,the renown  
of your country is their renown4 ,the   
brightness of their doings is emblazoned
 on its every page4 ,blot from your     
annals the words and the doings of      
,northern laborers1 and the history of  
your country presents but a universal   
blank4  ,sir1 who was he that disarmed  
the ,thunderer2 wrested from his grasp  
the bolts of ,jove2 calmed the troubled 
ocean2 became the central sun of the    
philosophical system of his age1        
shedding his brightness and effulgence  
on the whole civilized world2 whom the  
great and mighty of the earth delighted 
to honor2 who participated in the       
achievement of your ,independence1      
prominently assisted in moulding your   
free institutions1 and the beneficial   
effects of whose wisdom will be felt to 
the last moment of recorded time8 ,who  

sir1 ,i ask1 was he8 ,a ,northern       
laborer1 a ,yankee tallow-chandler's    
son1--a printer's runaway boy6  ,and    
who1 let me ask the honorable gentleman1
 who was he that1 in the days of our    
,revolution1 led forth a northern       
army1--yes1 an army of ,northern        
laborers1--and aided the chivalry of    
,south ,carolina in their defence       
against ,british aggression1 drove the  
spoilers from their firesides1 and      
redeemed her fair fields from foreign   
invaders8 ,who was he8 ,a ,northern     
laborer1 a ,rhode ,island               
blacksmith1--the gallant ,general       
,greene1 who left his hammer and his    
forge1 and went forth conquering and to 
conquer in the battle for our           
,independence6 ,and will you preach     
insurrection to men like these8  ,sir1  
our country is full of the achievements 
of ,northern laborers4 ,where is        
,concord1 and ,lexington1 and           
,princeton1 and ,trenton1 and ,saratoga1
 and ,bunker ,hill1 but in the ,north8  

,and what1 sir1 has shed an imperishable
 renown on the never-dying names of     
those hallowed spots1 but the blood and 
the struggles1 the high daring1 and     
patriotism1 and sublime courage of      
,northern laborers8 ,the whole ,north is
 an everlasting monument of the freedom1
 virtue1 intelligence1 and indomitable  
independence of ,northern laborers6 ,go1
 sir1 go preach insurrection to men like
 these6  ,the fortitude of the men of   
the ,north1 under intense suffering for 
liberty's sake1 has been almost godlike6
 ,history has so recorded it4 ,who      
comprised that gallant army1 without    
food1 without pay shelterless1 shoeless1
 penniless1 and almost naked1 in that   
dreadful winter1--the midnight of our   
,revolution1--whose wanderings could be 
traced by their blood-tracks in the     
snow2 whom no arts could seduce1 no     
appeal lead astray1 no sufferings       
disaffect2 but who1 true to their       
country and its holy cause1 continued to
 fight the good fight of liberty until  

it finally triumphed8 ,who1 sir1 were   
these men8 ,why1 ,northern laborers6    
,yes1 sir1 ,northern laborers6 ,who1    
sir1 were ,roger ,sherman1 and--but it  
is idle to enumerate4 ,to name the      
,northern laborers who have             
distinguished themselves1 and           
illustrated the history of their        
country1 would require days of the time 
of this ,house2 nor is it necessary4    
,posterity will do them ,justice4 ,their
 deeds have been recorded in characters 
of fire6                                
,c4 ,naylor4                            
,,lx4                    ,,brougham',s  
,,attack ,,on ,,canning ,,described4    
,upon that occasion1 the oration of     
,brougham was1 at the outset1 disjointed
 and ragged1 and apparently without aim 
or application4 ,he careered over the   
whole annals of the world1 and collected
 every instance in which genius had     
degraded itself at the footstool of     
power1 or principle had been sacrificed 
for the vanity or the lucre of place2   

but still there was no allusion to      
,canning1 and no connection that        
ordinary men could discover with the    
business before the ,house4 ,when       
however1 he had collected every material
 which suited his purpose1--when the    
mass had become big and black1 he bound 
it about and about with the cords of    
illustration and of argument2 when its  
union was secure1 he swung it round and 
round with the strength of a giant and  
the rapidity of a whirlwind1 in order   
that its impetus and effect might be    
more tremendous2 and1 while doing this1 
he ever and anon glared his eye1 and    
pointed his finger to make the aim and  
direction sure4  ,canning was the first 
who seemed to be aware where and how    
terrible was to be the collision2 and he
 kept writhing his body in agony1 and   
rolling his eyes in fear1 as if anxious 
to find some shelter from the impending 
bolt4 ,the ,house soon caught the       
impression1 and every man in it was     
glancing his eye fearfully1 just towards

 the orator1 and then towards the       
,secretary4 ,there was1 save the voice  
of ,brougham1 which growled in that     
undertone of muttered thunder1 which is 
so fearfully audible1 and of which no   
speaker of the day was fully master but 
himself1 a silence as if the angel of   
retribution had been flaring in the face
 of all parties the scroll of their     
personal and political sins4 ,a pen1    
which one of the ,secretaries dropped   
upon the matting1 was heard in the      
remotest part of the house2 and the     
voting members1 who often slept in the  
side-galleries during the debate1       
started up as though the final trump had
 been sounding them to give an account  
of their deeds4  ,the stiffness of      
,brougham's figure had vanished2 his    
features seemed concentrated almost to a
 point2 he glanced toward every part of 
the ,house in succession2 and1 sounding 
the death-knell of the ,secretary's     
forbearance and prudence1 with both his 
clinched hands upon the table1 he hurled

 at him an accusation more dreadful in  
its gall1 and more torturing in its     
effects than ever had been hurled at    
mortal man within the same walls4 ,the  
result was instantaneous--was electric2 
it was as when the thunder-cloud        
descends upon some giant peak--one      
flash1 one peal--the sublimity vanished1
 and all that remained was the small and
 cold pattering of rain4 ,canning       
started to his feet1 and was able only  
to utter the unguarded words1 ,it is    
false6 to which followed a dull chapter 
of apologies4 ,from that moment1 the    
,house became more a scene of real      
business than of airy display and angry 
vituperation4                           
,anonymous4                             
,,lxi4                     ,,south      
,,carolina ,,during ,,the ,,revolution4 
,it is with unfeigned reluctance1 ,mr4  
,president1 that ,i enter upon the      
performance of this part of my duty4 ,i 
shrink almost instinctively from a      
course1 however necessary1 which may    

have a tendency to excite sectional     
feelings and sectional jealousies4 ,but1
 sir1 the task has been forced upon me1 
and ,i proceed right onward to the      
performance of my duty4 ,be the         
consequences what they may1 the         
responsibility is with those who have   
imposed upon me this necessity4 ,the    
,senator from ,massachusetts has thought
 proper to cast the first stone1 and if 
he shall find1 according to the homely  
adage1 that he lives in a glass         
house1--on his head be the consequences4
 ,the gentleman has made a great        
flourish about his fidelity to          
,massachusetts4 ,i shall make no        
professions of zeal for the interests   
and honor of ,south ,carolina--of that  
my constituents shall ,judge4  ,if there
 be one ,state in the ,union1 ,mr4      
,president1 7and ,i say it not in a     
boastful spirit17 that may challenge    
comparison with any other for a uniform1
 zealous1 ardent1 and uncalculating     
devotion to the ,union1 that ,state is  

,south ,carolina4 ,sir1 from the very   
commencement of the ,revolution up to   
this hour1 there is no sacrifice1       
however great1 she has not cheerfully   
made2 no service she has hesitated to   
perform4 ,she has adhered to you in your
 prosperity1 but in your adversity she  
has clung to you with more than filial  
affection4 ,no matter what was the      
condition of her domestic               
affair's--though deprived of her        
resources1 divided by parties1 or       
surrounded by difficulties1--the call of
 the country has been to her as the     
voice of ,god4 ,domestic discord ceased 
as the sound--every man became at once  
reconciled to his brethren1 and the sons
 of ,carolina were all seen crowding    
together to the temple1 bringing their  
gifts to the altar of their common      
country4  ,what1 sir1 was the conduct of
 the ,south during the ,revolution8     
,sir1 ,i honor ,new ,england for her    
conduct in that glorious struggle2 but  
great as is the praise which belongs to 

her1 ,i think at least equal honor is   
due to the ,south4 ,they espoused the   
cause of their brethren with generous   
zeal which did not suffer them to stop  
to calculate their interest in the      
dispute4 ,favorites of the mother       
country1 possessed of neither ships nor 
seamen to create commercial rivalship1  
they might have found in their situation
 a guaranty that their trade would be   
forever fostered and protected by ,great
 ,britain4 ,but trampling on all        
considerations1 either of interest or of
 safety2 they rushed into the conflict1 
and fighting for principle1 perilled all
 in the sacred cause for freedom4 ,never
 was there exhibited in the history of  
the world1 higher examples of noble     
daring1 dreadful suffering1 and heroic  
endurance1 than by the ,whigs of        
,carolina during that ,revolution4 ,the 
whole ,state1 from the mountain to the  
sea1 was overrun by an overwhelming     
force of the enemy4 ,the fruits of      
industry perished on the spot where they

 were produced1 or were consumed by the 
foe4 ,the plains of ,carolina drank up  
the most precious blood of her          
citizens1--black and smoking ruins      
marked the places which had been the    
habitations of her children6 ,driven    
from their homes into the gloomy and    
almost impenetrable swamps1 even there  
the spirit of liberty survived1 and     
,south ,carolina1 sustained by the      
example of her ,sumters and her         
,marions1 proved by her conduct1 that   
though her soil might be overrun1 the   
spirit of her people was invincible4    
,r4 ,y4 ,hayne4                         
,,lxii4              ,,incompetency ,,of
 ,,parliament ,,to ,,pass ,,the ,,union 
,,bill4  ,sir1--,i1 in the most express 
terms1 deny the competency of           
,parliament to abolish the ,legislature 
of ,ireland4 ,i warn you1 do not dare to
 lay your hand on the ,constitution4--,i
 tell you that if1 circumstanced as you 
are1 you pass an act which surrenders   
the government of ,ireland to the       

,english ,parliament1 it will be a      
nullity and that no man in ,ireland will
 be bound to obey it4 ,i make the       
assertion deliberately1--,i repeat it   
and ,i call on any man who hears me1 to 
take down my words2--you have not been  
elected for this purpose1--you are      
appointed to act under the              
,constitution1 not to alter it1--you are
 appointed to exercise the functions of 
legislators1 and not to transfer        
them1--and if you do so1 your act is a  
dissolution of the government1--you     
resolve society into its original       
elements1 and no man in the land is     
bound to obey you4  ,yourselves you may 
extinguish1 but ,parliament you cannot  
extinguish1--it is enthroned in the     
hearts of the people1--it is enshrined  
in the sanctuary of the                 
,constitution1--it is immortal as the   
island which it protects4 ,as well might
 the frantic suicide hope that the act  
which destroys his miserable body should
 extinguish his eternal soul4 ,again ,i 

therefore warn you1 do not dare to lay  
your hands on the ,constitution2 it is  
above your power4 ,sir1 ,i do not say   
that the ,parliament and the people1 by 
mutual consent and cooperation1 may not 
change the form of the ,constitution4   
,but1 thank ,god1 the people have       
manifested no such wish1--so far as they
 have spoken1 their voice is decidedly  
against this daring innovation4 ,you    
know that no voice has been uttered in  
its favor1 and you cannot be infatuated 
enough to take confidence from the      
silence which prevails in some parts of 
the kingdom2 if you know how to         
appreciate that silence1 it is more     
formidable than the most clamorous      
opposition1--you may be rived and       
shivered by the lightning before you    
hear the peal of the thunder6 ,but1 sir1
 we are told we should discuss this     
question with calmness and composure4 ,i
 am called on to surrender my birthright
 and my honor1 and ,i am told ,i should 
be calm and composed4  ,national pride6 

,independence of our country6 ,these1 we
 are told by the ,minister1 are only    
vulgar topics fitted for the meridian of
 the mob1 but unworthy to be mentioned  
in such an enlightened assembly as this2
 they are trinkets and gew-gaws fit to  
catch the fancy of childish and         
unthinking people like you1 sir1 or like
 your predecessor in that chair1 but    
utterly unworthy of the consideration of
 this ,house1 or of the matured         
understanding of the noble lord who     
condescends to instruct it6 ,gracious   
,god6 ,we see a ,perry re-ascending from
 the tomb and raising his awful voice to
 warn us against the surrender of our   
freedom1 and we see that the proud and  
virtuous feelings which warmed the      
breast of that aged and venerable man1  
are only calculated to excite the       
contempt of this young philosopher1 who 
has been transplanted from the nursery  
to the cabinet1 to outrage the feelings 
and understanding of the country4       
,w4 ,c4 ,plunkett4                      

,,lxiii4                                
,,washington4  ,sir1 it matters very    
little1 what immediate spot may have    
been the birthplace of such a man as    
,washington4 ,no people can claim1 no   
country appropriate him4 ,the boon of   
,providence to the human race1--his fame
 is eternity1 and his residence1        
creation4 ,though it was the defeat of  
our arms1 and the disgrace of our       
policy1 ,i almost bless the convulsion  
in which he had his origin4 ,if the     
heavens thundered1 and the earth rocked1
 yet1 when the storm had passed1 how    
pure was the climate that it cleared6   
,how bright in the brow of the firmament
 was the planet which it revealed to us6
 ,in the production of ,washington1 it  
does really appear as if ,nature was    
endeavoring to improve upon herself1 and
 that all the virtues of the ancient    
world were but so many studies          
preparatory to the patriot of the new4  
,individual instances1 no doubt there   
were1--splendid exemplifications of some

 single qualification4 ,csar was        
merciful1 ,scipio was continent1        
,hannibal was patient2 but it was       
reserved for ,washington to blend them  
all in one1 and1 like the lovely        
masterpiece of the ,grecian artist1 to  
exhibit1 in one glow of associated      
beauty1 the pride of every model and the
 perfection of every master4  ,as a     
general1 he marshalled the peasant into 
a veteran1 and supplied by discipline   
the absence of experience2 as a         
statesman1 he enlarged the policy of the
 cabinet into the most comprehensive    
system of general advantage2 and such   
was the wisdom of his views1 and the    
philosophy of his counsels1 that1 to the
 soldier and the statesman1 he almost   
added the character of the sage6 ,a     
conqueror1 he was untainted with the    
crime of blood2 a revolutionist1 he was 
free from any stain of treason2 for     
aggression commenced the contest1 and   
his country called him to the command4  
,liberty unsheathed his sword1 necessity

 stained1 victory returned it4  ,if he  
had paused here1 history might have     
doubted what station to assign him2     
whether at the head of her citizens or  
her soldiers1 her heroes or her         
patriots4 ,but the last glorious act    
crowns his career1 and banishes all     
hesitation4 ,who like ,washington1 after
 having emancipated a hemisphere1       
resigned its crown1 and preferred the   
retirement of domestic life to the      
adoration of a land he might be almost  
said to have created6 ,happy1 proud     
,america6 ,the lightnings of heaven     
yielded to your philosophy6 ,the        
temptations of earth could not seduce   
your patriotism4                        
,c4 ,phillips4                          
,,lxiv4                                 
,,education4  ,of all the blessings     
which it has pleased ,providence to     
allow us to cultivate1 there is not one 
which breathes a purer fragrance1 or    
bears a heavenlier aspect than          
education4 ,it is a1 companion which no 

misfortune can depress1 no clime destroy
 no enemy alienate1 no despotism        
enslave2 at home a friend1 abroad an    
introduction1 in solitude a solace1 in  
society an ornament2 it chastens vice1  
it guides virtue1 it gives at once a    
grace and government to genius4 ,without
 it1 what is man8 ,a splendid slave6 ,a 
reasoning savage1 vascillating between  
the dignity of an intelligence derived  
from ,god1 and the degradation of       
passion participated with brutes2 and in
 the accident of their alternate        
ascendency1 shuddering at the terrors of
 a hereafter1 or embracing the horrid   
hope of annihilation4 ,what is this     
wondrous world of his residence8        
,a mighty maze1 and all without a plan3 
a dark1 and desolate1 and dreary cavern1
 without wealth1 or ornament1 or order4 
,but light up within it the torch of    
knowledge1 and how wondrous the         
transition6 ,the seasons change1 the    
atmosphere breathes1 the landscape      
lives1 earth unfolds its fruits1 ocean  

rolls in its magnificence1 the heavens  
display their constellated canopy1 and  
the grand animated spectacle of nature  
rises revealed before him1 its varieties
 regulated1 and its mysteries resolved6 
,the phenomena which bewilder1 the      
prejudices which debase1 the            
superstitions which enslave1 vanish     
before education4  ,like the holy symbol
 which blazed upon the cloud before the 
hesitating constantly1 if man follow but
 its precepts1 purely it will not only  
lead him to the victories of this world1
 but open the very portals of           
,omnipotence for his admission4 ,cast   
your eye over the monumental map of     
ancient grandeur1 once studded with the 
stars of empire and the splendors of    
philosophy4 ,what erected the little    
,state of ,athens into a powerful       
,commonwealth1 placing in her hand the  
sceptre of legislation1 and wreathing   
round her brow the imperishable chaplet 
of literary fame8 ,what extended ,rome1 
the heart of banditti1 into universal   

empire8 ,what animated ,sparta with that
 high1 unbending1 adamantine courage1   
which conquered ,nature herself1 and has
 fixed her in the sight of future ages1 
a model of public virtue1 and a proverb 
of national independence8 ,what but     
those wise public institutions which    
strengthened their minds with early     
application1 informed their infancy with
 the principles of actions1 and sent    
them into the world too vigilant to be  
deceived by its calms1 and too vigorous 
to be shaken by its whirlwinds8         
,c4 ,phillips4                          
,,lxv4                       ,,character
 ,,of ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte4  ,he is   
fallen6 ,we may now pause before that   
splendid prodigy1 which towered amongst 
us like some ancient ruin1 whose frown  
terrified the glance its magnificence   
attracted4 ,grand1 gloomy1 and peculiar1
 he sat upon the throne a sceptered     
hermit1 wrapped in the solitude of his  
own originality4 ,a mind1 bold1         
independent1 and decisive1--a will1     

despotic in its dictates1--an energy    
that distanced expedition1 and a        
conscience pliable to every touch of    
interest1 marked the outline of this    
extraordinary character1--the most      
extraordinary1 perhaps1 that in the     
annals of this world ever rose1 or      
reigned1 or fell4 ,flung into life in   
the midst of a revolution that quickened
 every energy of a people who           
acknowledge no superior1 he commenced   
his course1 a stranger by birth1 and a  
scholar by charity6 ,with no friend but 
his sword1 and no fortune but his       
talents1 he rushed into the list where  
rank1 and wealth1 and genius had arrayed
 themselves1 and competition fell from  
him as from the glance of destiny4 ,he  
knew no motive but interest1--he        
acknowledged no criterion but           
success1--he worshiped no ,god but      
ambition1 and with an eastern devotion  
he knelt at the shrine of his idolatry4 
,subsidiary to this1 there was no creed 
that he did not profess1 there was no   

opinion that he dill not promulgate2 in 
the hope of a dynasty1 he upheld the    
crescent2 for the sake of a divorce1 he 
bowed before the cross2 the orphan of   
,st4 ,louis1 he became the adopted child
 of the republic2 and with a parricidal 
ingratitude1 on the ruins both of the   
throne and the tribune1 he reared the   
throne of his despotism4 ,a professed   
,catholic1 he imprisoned the pope2 a    
pretended patriot1 he impoverished the  
country2 and in the name of ,brutus1 he 
grasped without remorse1 and wore       
without shame1 the diadem of the ,csars4
                                        
,c4 ,phillips4                          
,,lxvi4                             ,a  
,,collision ,,of ,,vices4  ,my honorable
 and learned friend began by telling us 
that1 after all1 hatred is no bad thing 
in itself ,i hate a ,tory1 says my      
honorable friend2 and another man hates 
a cat2 but it does not follow that he   
would hunt down the cat1 or ,i the      
,tory4 ,nay1 so far from it1 hatred1 if 

it be properly managed1 is1 according to
 my honorable friend's theory1 no bad   
preface to a rational esteem and        
affection4 ,it prepares its votaries for
 a reconciliation of differences2 for   
lying down with their most inveterate   
enemies1 like the leopard and the kid in
 the vision of the prophet4 ,this dogma 
is a little startling1 but it is not    
altogether without precedent4 ,it is    
borrowed from a character in a play1    
which is1 ,i dare say1 as great a       
favorite with my learned friend as it is
 with me1--,i mean the comedy of the    
,rivals2 in which ,mrs4 ,malaprop1      
giving a lecture on the subject of      
marriage to her niece 7who is           
unreasonable enough to talk of liking1  
as a necessary preliminary to such a    
union71 says1 ,what have you to do with 
your likings and your preferences1      
child8 ,depend upon it1 it is safest to 
begin with a little aversion4 ,i am sure
 ,i hated your poor dear uncle like a   
blackamoor before we were married2 and  

yet1 you know1 my dear1 what a good wife
 ,i made him4 ,such is my learned       
friend's argument1 to a hair4 ,but      
finding that this doctrine did not      
appear to go down with the ,house so    
glibly as he had expected my honorable  
and learned friend presently changed his
 tack and put forward a theory which1   
whether for novelty or for beauty1 ,i   
pronounce to be incomparable2 and1 in   
short1 as wanting nothing to recommend  
it but a slight foundation in truth4    
,true philosophy1 says my honorable     
friend1 will always continue to lead men
 to virtue by the instrumentality of    
their conflicting vices4 ,the virtues   
where more than one exists1 may live    
harmoniously together2 but the vices    
bear mortal antipathy to one another1   
and1 therefor1 furnish to the moral     
engineer the power by which he can make 
each keep the other under controls4     
,admirable6 but upon this doctrine1 the 
poor man who has but one single vice    
must be in a very bad way4 ,no fulcrum  

no moral power1 for effecting his cure6 
,whereas his more fortunate neighbor1   
who has two or more vices in his        
composition1 is in a fair way of        
becoming a very virtuous member of      
society4 ,i wonder how my learned friend
 would like to have this doctrine       
introduced into his domestic            
establishment4 ,for instance1 suppose   
that ,i discharge a servant because he  
is addicted to liquor1 ,i could not     
venture to recommend him to my honorable
 and learned friend4 ,it might be the   
poor man's only fault and therefor      
clearly incorrigible2 but1 if ,i had the
 good fortune to find out that he was   
also addicted to stealing1 might ,i not 
with a safe conscience send him to my   
learned friend with a strong            
recommendation1 saying ,i send you a man
 whom ,i know to be a drunkard2 but ,i  
am happy to assure you he is also a     
thief3 you cannot do better than employ 
him2 you will make his drunkenness      
counteract his thievery1 and no doubt   

you will bring him out of the conflict a
 very moral personage6                  
,g4 ,canning4                           
,,lxvii4                                
,,measures1 ,,not ,,men  ,if ,i am      
pushed to the wall1 and forced to speak 
my opinion1 ,i have no disguise nor     
reservation3--,i do think that this is a
 time when the administration of the    
,government ought to be in the ablest   
and fittest hands2 ,i do not think the  
hands in which it is now placed answer  
to that description4 ,i do not pretend  
to conceal in what quarter ,i think that
 fitness most eminently resides2 ,i do  
not subscribe to the doctrines which    
have been advanced1 that1 in times like 
the present1 the fitness of individuals 
for their political situation is no part
 of the consideration to which a member 
of ,parliament may fairly turn his      
attention4 ,i know not a more solemn or 
important duty that a member of         
,parliament can have to discharge1 than 
by giving1 at fit seasons1 a free       

opinion upon the character and qualities
 of public men4 ,away with the cant of  
measures1 not men6 the idle supposition 
that it is the harness1 and not the     
horses1 that draws the chariot along6   
,no1 sir1 if the comparison must be     
made1 if the distinction must be taken1 
men are everything1 measures            
computatively nothing4 ,i speak1 sir1 of
 times of difficulty and danger2 of     
times when systems are shaken1 when     
precedents and general rules of conduct 
fail4 ,then it is1 that not to this or  
that measure1--however prudently        
devised1 however blameless in           
execution1--but to the energy and       
character of individuals1 a state must  
be indebted for its salvation4 ,then it 
is that kingdoms rise or fall in        
proportion as they are upheld1 not by   
well meant endeavors 7laudable though   
they may be71 but by commanding1        
overawing talents1--by able men4  ,and  
what is the nature of the times in which
 we live8 ,look at ,france1 and see what

 we have to cope with1 and consider what
 has made her what she is4 ,a man6 ,you 
will tell me that she was great1 and    
powerful1 and formidable1 before the    
days of ,bonaparte's government2 that he
 found in her great physical and moral  
resources2 that he had but to turn them 
to account1 ,true1 and he did so4       
,compare the situation in which he found
 ,france with that to which he has      
raised her4 ,i am no panegyrist of      
,bonaparte2 but ,i cannot shut my eyes  
to the superiority of his talents1 to   
the amazing ascendency of his genius1   
,tell me not of his measures and his    
policy4 ,it is his genius1 his          
character1 that keeps the world in awe4 
,sir1 to meet1 to check1 to curb1 to    
stand up against him1 we want arms of   
the same kind4 ,i am far from objecting 
to the large military establishments    
which are proposed to you4 ,i vote for  
them1 with all my heart4 ,but1 for the  
purpose of coping with ,bonaparte1 one  
great1 commanding spirit is worth them  

all4                                    
,g4 ,canning4                           
,,lxviii4                               
,,parliamentary ,,reform4  ,my ,lords1  
,i do not disguise the intense          
solicitude which ,i feel for the event  
of this debate1 because ,i know full    
well that the peace of the country is   
involved in the issue4 ,i cannot look   
without dismay at the rejection of this 
measure of parliamentary reform4 ,but1  
grievous as may be the consequences of a
 temporary defeat1 temporary it can only
 be2 for its ultimate1 and even speedy  
success1 is certain4 ,nothing can now   
stop it4 ,do not suffer yourselves to be
 persuaded that1 even if the present    
ministers were driven from the helm1 any
 one could steer you through the        
troubles which surround you1 without    
reform4 ,but our successors would take  
up the task in circumstances far less   
auspicious4 ,under them1 you would be   
fain to grant a bill1 compared with     
which1 the one we now proffer you is    

moderate indeed4  ,hear the parable of  
the ,sibyl2 for it conveys a wise and   
wholesome moral4 ,she now appears at    
your gate1 and offers you mildly the    
volumes--the precious volumes--of wisdom
 and peace4 ,the price she asks is      
reasonable2 to restore the franchise1   
which1 without any bargain1 you ought   
voluntarily to give4 ,you refuse her    
terms--her moderate terms2--she darkens 
the porch no longer4 ,but soon--for you 
cannot do without her wares--you call   
her back4 ,again she comes1 but with    
diminished treasures2 the leaves of the 
book are in part torn away by lawless   
hands1 in part defaced with characters  
of blood4 ,but the prophetic maid has   
risen in her demands2--it is            
,parliaments by the year--it is vote by 
the ballot--it is suffrage by the       
million6 ,from this you turn away       
indignant2 and1 for the second time1 she
 departs4 ,beware of her third coming6  
for the treasure you must have2 and what
 price she may next demand1 who shall   

tell8 ,it may even be the mace which    
rests upon that woolsack6 ,what may     
follow your course of obstinacy1 if     
persisted in1 ,i cannot take upon me to 
predict1 nor do ,i wish to conjecture4  
,but this ,i know full well2 that as    
sure as man is mortal1 and to err is    
human1 justice deferred enhances the    
price at which you must purchase safety 
and peace2--nor can you expect to gather
 in another crop than they did who went 
be fore you1 if you persevere in their  
utterly abominable husbandry of sowing  
injustice and reaping rebellion4  ,but1 
among the awful considerations that now 
bow down my mind1 there is one that     
stands preeminent above the rest4 ,you  
are the highest judicature in the realm2
 you sit here as judges1 and decide all 
causes1 civil and criminal1 without     
appeal4 ,it is a ,judge's just duty     
never to pronounce a sentence1 in the   
most trifling case1 without hearing4    
,will you make this the exception8 ,are 
you really prepared to determine1 but   

not to hear1 the mighty cause1 upon     
which a ,nation's hopes and fears hang8 
,you are8 ,then beware of your decision6
 ,rouse not1 ,i beseech you1 a          
peace-loving but a resolute people6     
,alienate not from your body the        
affections of a whole ,empire6 ,as your 
friend1 as the friend of my order1 as   
the friend of my country1 as the        
faithful servant of my sovereign1 ,i    
counsel you to assist1 with your        
uttermost efforts1 in preserving the    
peace1 and upholding and perpetuating   
the ,constitution4 ,therefore1 ,i pray  
and exhort you not to reject this       
measure4 ,by all you hold most dear--by 
all the ties that bind every one of us  
to our common order and our common      
country1 ,i solemnly adjure you--,i warn
 you--,i implore you--yea1 on my bended 
knees1 ,i supplicate you1--reject not   
this bill6                              
,lord ,brougham4                        
,,lxix4                                 
,,denunciation ,,of ,,slavery4  ,i trust

 at length the time has come1 when      
,parliament will no longer bear to be   
told1 that slave-owners are the best    
lawgivers on slavery2 no longer suffer  
our voice to roll across the ,atlantic  
in empty warnings and fruitless orders4 
,tell me not of rights1--talk not of the
 property of the planter in his slave4  
,i deny his rights1--,i acknowledge not 
the property4 ,the principles1 the      
feelings of our common nature1 rise in  
rebellion against it4 ,be the appeal    
made to the understanding or to the     
heart1 the sentence is the same1 that   
rejects it4  ,in vain you tell me of    
laws that sanction such a claim6 ,there 
is a law above all the enactments of    
human codes1--the same throughout the   
world1--the same in all times2 such as  
it was before the daring genius of      
,columbus pierced the night of ages1 and
 opened to one world the source of      
power1 wealth1 and knowledge1--to the   
others all unutterable woes1 such is it 
at this day2 it is the law written by   

the finger of ,god on the heart of man2 
and be that law1 unchangeable and       
eternal1 while men despise fraud1 and   
loathe rapine1 and hate blood1 they     
shall reject with indignation the wild  
and guilty fantasy1 that man can hold   
property in man6  ,in vain ye appeal to 
treaties1--to covenants between nations4
 ,the covenants of the ,almighty1       
whether the old covenant or the new1    
denounce such unholy pretensions4 ,to   
these laws did they of old refer1 who   
maintained the ,african trade4 ,such    
treaties did they cite1 and not untruly2
 for1 by one shameful compact1 you      
bartered the glories of ,blenheim for   
the traffic in blood4 ,yet1 in despite  
of law and of treaty1 that infernal     
traffic is now destroyed1 and its       
votaries put to death like other        
pirates4 ,how came this change to pass8 
,not1 assuredly1 by ,parliament leading 
the way2 but the country at length      
awoke2 the indignation of the people was
 kindled2 it descended in thunder1 and  

smote the traffic1 and scattered its    
guilty profit to the winds4 ,now1 then1 
let the planters beware1--let their     
assemblies beware1--let the government  
at home beware1--let the ,parliament    
beware6 ,the same country is once more  
awake1--awake to the condition of negro 
slavery2 the same indignation kindles in
 the bosom of the same people2 the same 
cloud is gathering that annihilated the 
slave-trade2 and if it shall descend    
again1 they1 on whom its crash may fall1
 will not be destroyed before ,i have   
warned them2 but ,i pray that their     
destruction may turn away from us the   
more terrible judgments of ,god6        
,lord ,brougham4                        
,,lxx4                           ,,the  
,,teachers ,,of ,,mankind4  ,there is   
nothing which the adversaries of        
improvement are more wont to make       
themselves merry with than what is      
termed the march of intellect2 and here 
,i will confess1 that ,i think1 as far  
as the phrase goes1 they are in the     

right4 ,it is a very absurd1 because a  
very incorrect expression4 ,it is little
 calculated to describe the operation in
 question4 ,it does not picture an image
 at all resembling the proceedings of   
the true friends of mankind4 ,it much   
more resembles the progress of the enemy
 to all improvement4 ,the conqueror     
moves in a march4 ,he stalks onward with
 the pride1 pomp1 and circumstance of   
warp1--banners flying--shouts rending   
the air--guns thundering--and martial   
music pealing1 to drown the shrieks of  
the wounded1 and the lamentations for   
the slain4  ,not thus the schoolmaster1 
in his peaceful vocation4 ,he meditates 
and prepares in secret the plans which  
are to bless mankind2 he slowly gathers 
round him those who are to further their
 execution1 he quietly1 though firmly1  
advances in his humble path1 laboring   
steadily1 but calmly1 till he has opened
 to the light all the recesses of       
ignorance1 and torn up by the roots the 
weeds of vice4 ,his is a progress not to

 be compared with anything like a march2
 but it leads to a far more brilliant   
triumph1 and to laurels more            
imperishable than the destroyer of his  
species1 the scourge of the world1 ever 
won4  ,such men--men deserving the      
glorious title of ,teachers of          
,mankind--,i have found1 laboring       
conscientiously1 though1 perhaps        
obscurely1 in their blessed vocation1   
wherever ,i have gone4 ,i have found    
them1 and shared their fellowship1 among
 the daring1 the ambitious1 the ardent1 
the indomitably active ,french2 ,i have 
found them among the persevering1       
resolute1 industrious ,swiss2 ,i have   
found them among the laborious1 the     
warmhearted1 the enthusiastic ,germans2 
,i have found them among the            
high-minded1 but enslaved ,italians2 and
 in our own country1 ,god be thanked1   
their numbers everywhere abound1 and are
 every day increasing4  ,their calling  
is high and holy2 their fame is the     
property of nations2 their renown will  

fill the earth in after-ages1 in        
proportion as it sounds not far off in  
their own times4 ,each one of those     
great teachers of the world1 possessing 
his soul in peace1 performs his         
appointed course2 awaits in patience the
 fulfillment of the premises2 and1      
resting from his labors1 bequeathed his 
memory to the generation whom his works 
have blessed1 and sleeps under the      
humble but not inglorious epitaph1      
commemorating it one in whom mankind    
lost a friend1 and no man got rid of an 
enemy4                                  
,lord ,brougham4                        
,,lxxi4                         ,,the   
,,greatness ,,of ,,washington4  ,great  
he was1 preminently great1 whether we   
regard him sustaining alone the whole   
weight of campaigns all but desperate1  
or gloriously terminating a just warfare
 by his resources and his courage2      
presiding over the jarring elements of  
his political council1 alike deaf to the
 storms of all extremes1 or directing   

the formation of a new government for a 
great people1 the first time that so    
vast an experiment had ever been tried  
by man2 or1 really1 retiring from the   
supreme power to which his virtue had   
raised him over the nation he had       
created1 and whose destinies he had     
guided as long as his aid was           
required1--retiring with the veneration 
of all parties1 of all nations1 of all  
mankind1 in order that the rights of men
 might be conserved1 and that his       
example never might be appealed to by   
vulgar tyrants4  ,this is the consummate
 glory of ,washington2 a triumphant     
warrior where the most sanguine had a   
right to despair2 a successful ruler in 
all the difficulties of a course wholly 
untried2 but a warrior1 whose sword only
 left its sheath when the first law of  
our nature commanded it to be drawn2 and
 a ruler who1 having tasted of supreme  
power1 gently and ostentatiously desired
 that the cup might pass from him1 nor  
would suffer more to wet his lips than  

the most solemn and sacred duty to his  
,to his country and his ,god required6  
,to his latest breath did this great    
patriot maintain the noble character of 
a captain the patron of peace1 and a    
statesman the friend of justice4 ,dying1
 he bequeathed to his heirs the sword   
which he had worn in the war for        
liberty1 and charged them never to take 
it from the scabbard but in             
self-defence1 or in defence of their    
country and her freedom2 and commanded  
them that1 when it should thus be drawn1
 they should never sheathe it1 nor ever 
give it up1 but prefer falling with it  
in their hands to the relinquishment    
thereof1--words1 the majesty and simple 
eloquence of which are not surpassed in 
the oratory of ,athens and ,rome4  ,it  
will be the duty of the historian and   
the sage1 in all ages1 to let no        
occasion pass of commemorating this     
illustrious man2 and1 until time shall  
be no more1 will a test of the progress 
which our race has made in wisdom and   

virtue be derived from the veneration   
paid to the immortal name of            
,washington6                            
,lord ,brougham4                        
,,lxxii4                                
,,washington1 ,a ,,man ,,of ,,genius4   
,how many times have we been told that  
,washington was not a man of genius1 but
 a person of excellent common sense1 of 
admirable judgement1 of rare virtues6   
,he had no genius1 it seems4 ,o no6     
genius1 we must suppose1 is the peculiar
 and shining attribute of some orator1  
whose tongue can spout patriotic        
speeches2 or some versifier1 whose muse 
can hail ,columbia2 but not of the man  
who supported ,states on his arm1 and   
carried ,america in his brain4 ,what is 
genius8 ,is it worth anything8 ,is      
splendid folly the measure of its       
inspiration8 ,is wisdom its base and    
summit8--that which it recedes from1 or 
tends toward8 ,and by what definition do
 you award the name to the creator of an
 epic1 and deny it to the creator of a  

country8 ,on what principle is it to be 
lavished on him who sculptures in       
perishing marble the image of possible  
excellence1 and withheld from him who   
built up in himself a transcendent      
character1 indestructible as the        
obligations of duty1 and beautiful as   
her rewards8  ,indeed1 if by genius of  
action1 you mean will enlightened by    
intelligence1 and intelligence energized
 by will1--if force and insight be its  
characteristics1 and influence its test1
 and if great effects suppose a cause   
proportionally great1 a vital1 causative
 mind1--then was ,washington most       
assuredly a man of genius1 and one whom 
no other ,american has equalled in the  
power of working morally and mentally on
 other minds4 ,his genius was of a      
peculiar kind1 the genius of character1 
of thought and the objects of thought   
solidified and concentrated into active 
faculty4 ,he belongs to that rare class 
of men1--rare as ,homers and ,miltons1  
rare as ,platos and ,newtons1--who have 

impressed their characters upon nations 
without pampering national vices4 ,such 
men have natures broad enough to include
 all the facts of a people's practical  
life1 and deep enough to discern the    
spiritual laws which underlie1 animate1 
and govern those facts4                 
,e4 ,p4 ,whipple4                       
,,lxxiii4                      ,,irish  
,,aliens ,,and ,,english ,,victories4   
,i should be surprised1 indeed1 if2     
while you are doing us wrong1 you did   
not profess your solicitude to do us    
justice4 ,from the day on which         
,strongbow set his foot upon the shore  
of ,ireland1 ,englishmen were never     
wanting in protestations of their deep  
anxiety to do us justice2--even         
,strafford1 the deserter of the people's
 cause1--the renegade ,wentworth who    
gave evidence in ,ireland of the spirit 
of instinctive tyranny which            
predominated in his character1--even    
,strafford1 while he trampled upon our  
rights1 and trod upon the heart of the  

country1 protested his solicitude to do 
justice to ,ireland6 ,what marvel is it1
 then1 that gentlemen opposite should   
deal in such vehement protestations8    
,there is1 however1 one man1 of great   
abilities1--not a member of this ,house1
 but whose talents and whose boldness   
have placed him in the topmost place in 
his party1--who1 disdaining all         
imposture1 and thinking it the best     
course to appeal directly to the        
religious and national antipathies of   
the people of this country1--abandoning 
all reserve1 and flinging off the       
slender veil by which his political     
associates affect to cover1 although    
they cannot hide1 their                 
motives1--distinctly and audaciously    
tells the ,irish people that they are   
not entitled to the same privileges as  
,englishmen2 and pronounces them1 in any
 particular which could enter his minute
 enumeration of the circumstances by    
which fellow-citizenship is created1 in 
race1 identity1 and religion to be      

aliens--to be aliens in race--to be     
aliens in country--to be aliens in      
religion6 ,aliens6 ,good ,god6 was      
,arthur1 ,duke of ,wellington1 in the   
,house of ,lords1--and did he not start 
up and exclaim1 ,hold6 ,i have seen the 
aliens do their duty6  ,the ,duke of    
,wellington is not a man of an excitable
 temperament4 ,his mind is of a cast too
 martial to be easily moved2 but1       
notwithstanding his habitual            
inflexibility1 ,i cannot help thinking  
that1 when he heard his ,roman ,catholic
 countrymen 7for we are his countrymen7 
designated by a phrase as offensive as  
the abundant vocabulary of his eloquent 
confederate could supply1--,i cannot    
help thinking that he ought to have     
recollected the many fields of fight in 
which we have been contributors to his  
renown4 ,the battles1 sieges1 fortunes1 
that he has passed1 to have come back   
upon him4 ,he ought to have remembered  
that1 from the earliest achievement in  
which he displayed that military genius 

which has placed him foremost in the    
annals of modern warfare1 down to that  
last and surpassing combat which has    
made his name imperishable1--from       
,assaye to ,waterloo1--the ,irish       
soldiers1 with whom your armies are     
filled1 were the inseparable auxiliaries
 to the glory with which his            
unparalleled successes have been        
crowned4 ,whose were the arms that drove
 your bayonets at ,vimiera through the  
phalanxes that never reeled to the shock
 of war before8 ,what desperate valor   
climbed the steeps and filled the moats 
at ,badajos8 ,all his victories should  
have rushed and crowded back upon his   
memory1--,vimiera1 ,badajos1 ,salamanca1
 ,albuera1 ,toulouse1 and1 last of all1 
the greatest--  ,tell me--for you were  
there1--,i appeal to the gallant soldier
 before me1 from whose opinions ,i      
differ1 but who bears1 ,i know1 a       
generous heart in an intrepid           
breast2--tell me1 for you must needs    
remember1 on that day when the destinies

 of mankind were trembling in the       
balance1--while death fell in showers   
when the artillery of ,france was       
levelled with a precision of the most   
deadly science1 when her legions1       
incited by the voice and inspired by the
 example of their mighty leader1 rushed 
again and again to the onset1--tell me  
if1 for an instant1 when to hesitate for
 an instant was to be lost1 the aliens  
blenched8 ,and when1 at length1 the     
moment for the last and decided movement
 had arrived1 and the valor which had so
 long been wisely checked was1 at last1 
let loose1--when1 with words familiar   
but immortal1 the great captain         
commanded the great assault1--tell me if
 ,catholic ,ireland with less heroic    
valor than the natives of this your own 
glorious country precipitated herself   
upon the foe8 ,the blood of ,england1   
,scotland1 and of ,ireland1 flowed in   
the same stream1 and drenched the same  
field4 ,when the chill morning dawned1  
their dead lay cold and stark           

together2--in the same deep pit their   
bodies were deposited2 the green corn of
 spring is now breaking from their      
commingled dust2 the dew falls from     
heaven upon their union in the grave4   
,partakers in every peril1 in the glory 
shall we not be permitted to            
participate2 and shall we be told as a  
requital1 that we are estranged from the
 noble country for whose salvation our  
life-blood was poured out8              
,r4 ,l4 ,sheil4                         
,,lxxiv4                           ,,the
 ,,iliad ,,and ,,the ,,bible4  ,of all  
the books with which1 since the         
invention of writing1 this world has    
been deluged1 very few have produced any
 perceptible effect on the mass of human
 character4 ,by far the greater part    
have been1 even by their contemporaries1
 unnoticed and unknown4 ,not many a one 
has made its little mark upon that      
generation that produced it1 though it  
sunk with that generation to utter      
forgetfulness4 ,but1 after the ceaseless

 toil of six thousand years1 how few    
have been the works1 the adamantine     
basis of whose reputation has stood     
unhurt amid the fluctuations of time1   
and whose impression can be traced      
through successive centuries1 on the    
history of our species6  ,when1 however1
 such a work appears1 its effects are   
absolutely incalculable2 and such a     
work1 you are aware1 is the ,iliad of   
,homer4 ,who can estimate the results   
produced by the incomparable efforts of 
a single mind8 ,who can tell what       
,greece owes to this first-born of song8
 ,her breathing marbles1 her solemn     
temples1 her unrivalled eloquence1 and  
her matchless verse1 all point us to    
that transcendent genius1 who1 by the   
very splendor of his own effulgence1    
woke the human intellect from the       
slumber of ages4 ,it was ,homer who gave
 laws to the artist2 it was ,homer who  
inspired the poet2 it was ,homer who    
thundered in the ,senate2 and1 more than
 all1 it was ,homer who was sung by the 

people2 and hence a nation was cast into
 the mould of one mighty mind1 and the  
land of the ,iliad became the region of 
taste1 the birthplace of the arts4      
,but1 considered simply as an           
intellectual production1 who will       
compare the poems of ,homer with the    
,holy ,scriptures of the ,old and ,new  
,testaments8 ,where in the ,iliad shall 
we find simplicity and pathos which     
shall vie with the narrative of ,moses1 
or maxims of conduct to equal in wisdom 
the ,proverbs of ,solomon1 or sublimity 
which does not fade away before the     
conceptions of ,job1 or ,david1 or      
,isaiah1 or ,st4 ,john8 ,but ,i cannot  
pursue this comparison4 ,i feel that it 
is doing wrong to the mind which        
dictated the ,iliad1 and to those other 
mighty intellects on whom the light of  
the holy oracles never shined4  ,if1    
then1 so great results have flowed from 
this one effort of a single mind1 what  
may we not expect from the combined     
efforts of several1 at least his equals 

in power over the human heart8 ,if that 
one genius1 though groping in the thick 
darkness of absurd idolatry1 wrought so 
glorious a transformation in the        
character of his countrymen1 what may we
 not look for from the universal        
dissemination of those writings on whose
 authors was poured the full splendor of
 eternal truth8 ,if unassisted human    
nature1 spell-bound by a childish       
mythology1 have done so much1 what may  
we not hope for from the supernatural   
efforts of preeminent genius1 which     
spake as it was moved by the ,holy      
,ghost8                                 
,dr4 ,wayland4                          
,,lxxv4                     ,,on        
,,admitting ,,california ,,to ,,the     
,,union4  ,a year ago1 ,california was a
 mere military dependency of our own4   
,to-day1 she is a ,state1 more populous 
than the least1 and richer than several 
of the greatest of our thirty ,states4  
,this same ,california1 thus rich and   
populous1 is here asking admission into 

the ,union1 and finds us debating the   
dissolution of the ,union itself4 ,no   
wonder if we are perplexed with         
ever-changing embarrassments6 ,no wonder
 if we are appalled by ever-increasing  
responsibilities6 ,no wonder if we are  
bewildered by the ever-augmenting       
magnitude and rapidity of national      
vicissitudes6  ,,shall ,,california ,,be
 ,,received8 ,for myself1 upon my       
individual judgment and conscience1 ,i  
answer--yes4 ,let ,california come in4  
,every new ,state1 whether she come from
 the east or the west every new ,state1 
coming from whatever part of the        
continent she may1 is always welcome4   
,but1 ,california1 that comes from the  
clime where the west dies away into the 
rising east1--,california1 that bounds  
at once the empire and the              
continent1--,california1 the youthful   
queen of the ,pacific1 in her robes of  
freedom1 gorgeously inlaid with gold1 is
 doubly welcome4  ,the question now     
arises1 shall this one great people1    

having a common origin1 a common        
language1 a common religion1 common     
sentiments1 interests1 sympathies and   
hopes1 remain one political state1 one  
nation1 one republic2 or shall it be    
broken into two conflicting1 and1       
probably1 hostile nations or republics8 
,shall the ,american people1 then1 be   
divided8 ,before deciding on this       
question1 let us consider our position1 
our power1 and capabilities4 ,the world 
contains no seat of empire so           
magnificent as this2 which1 embracing   
all the varying climates of the         
temperate zone1 and traversed by wide   
expanding lakes and long branching      
rivers1 offers supplies on the ,atlantic
 shores to the overcrowded nations of   
,europe1 and1 on the ,pacific coast1    
intercepts the commerce of the ,indies4 
,the nations thus situated1 and enjoying
 forest1 mineral1 and agricultural      
resources unequaled1 if endowed1 also   
with moral energies adequate to the     
achievement of great enterprises1 and   

flavored with a government adapted to   
their character and condition1 must     
command the empire of the seas1 which1  
alone1 is real empire4  ,we think we may
 claim to have inherited physical and   
intellectual vigor1 courage1 invention1 
and enterprise2 and the systems of      
education prevailing among us1 open to  
all the stores of human science and art4
 ,the ,old ,world and the ,past were    
allotted by ,providence to the pupilage 
of mankind4 ,the ,new ,world and the    
,future seem to have been appointed for 
the maturity of mankind1 with the       
development of self-government1         
operating in obedience to reason and    
judgment4  ,we may1 then1 reasonably    
hope for greatness1 felicity1 and       
renown1 excelling any hitherto attained 
by any nation1 if1 standing firmly on   
the continent1 we lose not our grasp on 
either ocean4 ,whether a destiny so     
magnificent would be only partially     
defeated1 or whether it would be        
altogether lost by a relaxation of the  

grasp1 surpasses our wisdom to          
determine1 and happily it is not        
important to be determined4 ,it is      
enough1 if we agree1 that expectations  
so grand1 yet so reasonable and so just1
 ought not in any degree to be          
disappointed4 ,and now1 it seems to me1 
that the perpetual unity of the empire  
hangs on the decision of this day and   
this hour4  ,california is already a    
,state1--a complete and fully appointed 
,state4 ,she never again can be less    
than that4 ,she never again can be a    
province or a colony2 nor can she be    
made to shrink or shrivel into the      
proportions of a federal dependent      
territory4 ,california1 then1 henceforth
 and forever1 must be1 what she is      
now1--a ,state4  ,the question whether  
she shall be one of the ,united ,states 
of ,america1 has depended on her and on 
us4 ,her election has been made4 ,our   
consent alone remains suspended2 and    
that consent must be pronounced now or  
never4                                  

,w4 ,h4 ,seward4                        
,,lxxvi4                           ,a   
,,highway ,,to ,,the ,,pacific4  ,mr4   
,president1 ,i go for a national highway
 from the ,mississippi to the ,pacific4 
,and ,i go against all schemes of       
individuals or of companies1 and        
especially those who come here and ask  
of the ,congress of the ,united ,states 
to give themselves and their assigns the
 means of making a road1 and taxing the 
people for the use of it4 ,if they      
should make it1 they are to tax us for  
the use of it--tax the people eight or  
ten millions a year for using a road    
which their own money built4 ,a fine    
scheme1 that6 ,but they would never     
build it1 neither themselves nor their  
assigns4 ,it would all end in           
stock-jobbing4 ,i repudiate the whole   
idea1 sir4 ,i go for a national         
highway--no stock-jobbing4  ,we find all
 the localities of the country precisely
 such as a national central road would  
require4 ,the ,bay of ,san ,francisco1  

the finest in the world1 is in the      
centre of the western coast of ,north   
,america2 it is central1 and without a  
rival4 ,it will accommodate the commerce
 of that coast1 both north and south1 up
 to the frozen regions1 down to the     
torrid zone4 ,it is central in that     
respect4 ,the commerce of the broad     
,pacific ,ocean will centre there4 ,the 
commerce of ,asia will centre there4    
,follow the same latitude across the    
country1 and it strikes the centre of   
the valley of the ,mississippi4 ,it     
strikes the ,mississippi near the       
confluence of all the great waters which
 concentrate in the valley of the       
,mississippi4 ,it comes to the centre of
 the valley2--it comes to ,st4 ,louis4  
,follow the prolongation of that central
 line1 and you find it cutting the heart
 of the great ,states between the       
,mississippi ,river and the ,atlantic   
,ocean1 ,illinois1 ,indiana ,ohio a part
 of ,virginia1 ,kentucky1 and           
,pennsylvania1--they are all traversed  

or touched by that great central line4  
,we own the country1 from sea to sea1   
from the ,atlantic to the ,pacific1 and 
upon a breadth equal to the length of   
the ,mississippi1 and embracing the     
whole temperate zone4 ,three thousand   
milks across1 and half that breadth1 is 
the magnificent parallelogram of our    
domain4 ,we can run a national central  
road through and through1 the whole     
distance1 under our flag and under our  
laws4 ,military reasons require us to   
make it2 for troops and munitions must  
go there4 ,political reasons require us 
to make it2 it will be a chain of union 
between the ,atlantic and ,pacific      
,states4 ,commercial reasons demand it  
from us2 and here ,i touch a boundless  
field1 dazzling and bewildering the     
imagination from its vastness and       
importance4 ,the trade of the ,pacific  
,ocean1 of this western coast of ,north 
,america1 and of eastern ,asia1 will all
 take its track2 and not only for       
ourselves1 but for posterity4  ,sir1 in 

no instance has the great ,asiatic trade
 failed to carry the nation or the      
people which possessed it to the highest
 pinnacle of wealth and power1 and with 
it1 to the highest attainments of       
letters1 art1 and science4 ,and so will 
it continue to be4 ,an ,american road to
 ,india1 through the heart of our       
country will revive upon its line all   
the wonders of which we have read1 and  
eclipse them4 ,the western wilderness1  
from the ,pacific to the ,mississippi1  
will spring into life under its touch4  
,a long line of cities will grow up4    
,existing cities will take a new start4 
,the state of the world calls for a new 
road to ,india1 and it is our destiny to
 give it--the last and greatest4 ,let us
 act up to the greatness of the         
occasion1 and show ourselves worthy of  
the extraordinary circumstances in which
 we are placed1 by securing1 while we   
can1 an ,american road to ,india1       
central and national1 for ourselves and 
our posterity1 now and hereafter1 for   

thousands of years to come4             
,t4 ,h4 ,benton4                        
,,lxxvii4                      ,,address
 ,,to ,,polish ,,exiles ,,at ,,london4  
,it is eighty-one years since ,poland   
first was quartered by a nefarious act  
of combined royalty1 which the ,swiss   
,tacitus1 ,john ,mller1 well            
characterized by saying that ,god       
permitted the act1 to show the morality 
of kings2 and it is twenty-four years   
since down-trodden ,poland made the     
greatest--not the last--manifestation of
 her imperishable vitality1 which the   
cabinets of ,europe were either too     
narrow-minded to understand1 or too     
corrupt to appreciate4 ,eighty-one years
 of still unretributed crime1 and       
twenty-four years of misery and exile6  
,it is a long time to suffer1 and not to
 despair4  ,and all along this time1    
you1 proscribed patriots of ,poland1    
were suffering1 and did not despair4    
,you stood up before the world1 a living
 statue1 with unquenchable life-flame of

 patriotism streaming through its       
petrified limbs2 you stood up a protest 
of eternal right against the sway of    
imperious might2 a ,mene ,tekel         
,upharsin1 written in letters of burning
 blood on the walls of overweening      
despotism4 ,time1 misery1 and sorrow    
have thinned the ranks of your scattered
 ,israel2 you have carried your dead to 
the grave1 and those who survive went on
 to suffer and to hope4 ,wherever       
oppressed ,freedom reared a banner1 you 
rallied around2--the living statue      
changed to a fighting hero4 ,many of    
yours fell2 and1 when crime triumphed   
once more over virtue and right1 you    
resumed the wandering exile's staff and 
did not despair4 ,many among you1 who   
were young when they last saw the sun   
rise over ,poland's mountains and       
plains1 have your hair whitened and your
 strength broken with age1 anguish1 and 
misery2 but the patriotic heart kept the
 freshness of its youth2 it is young in 
love for ,poland1 young in aspirations  

for freedom1 young in hope1 and         
youthfully fresh in determination to    
break ,poland's chains4  ,what a rich   
source of noble deeds patriotism must   
be1 that has given you strength to      
suffer so much and never to despair6    
,you have given a noble example to all  
of us1--your younger brother in the     
family of exiles4 ,when the battle of   
,cann was lost1 and ,hannibal was       
measuring by bushels the rings of the   
fallen ,roman knights1 the ,senate of   
,rome voted thanks to ,consul ,terentius
 ,varro for not having despaired of the 
,commonwealth4 ,proscribed patriots of  
,poland6 ,i thank you that you have not 
despaired of resurrection and of        
liberty4 ,the time draws nigh when the  
oppressed nations will call their       
aggressors to a last account2 and the   
millions of freemen1 in the fulness of  
their right1 and their self-conscious   
strength1 will class judgment on        
arrogant conquerors1 privileged         
murderers1 and perjured kings4 ,in that 

supreme trial1 the oppressed nations    
will stand one for all1 and all for one4
                                        
,l4 ,kossuth4                           
,,lxxviii4                              
,,kossuth ,,on ,,his ,,credentials4     
,let ambitious fools1--let the pigmies  
who live on the scanty food of personal 
envy1 when the very earth quakes beneath
 their feet2 let even the honest        
prudence of ordinary household times1   
measuring eternity with that thimble    
with which they are wont to measure the 
bubbles of small party interest1 and1   
taking the dreadful roaring of the ocean
 for a storm in a water-glass2--let     
those who believe the weather to be     
calm1 because they have drawn a nightcap
 over their ears1 and1 burying their    
heads in pillows of domestic comfort1 do
 not hear ,satan sweeping in a hurricane
 over the earth2 let envy1 ambition1    
blindness1 and the pettifogging wisdom  
of small times1--let all these          
artistically investigate the question of

 my official capacity1 or the nature of 
my public authority2 let them           
scrupulously discuss the immense problem
 whether ,i still possess1 or possess no
 longer1 the title of my                
once-,governorship2 let them ask for    
credentials1 discuss the limits of my   
commission1 as representative of        
,hungary4 ,i pity all such frog and     
mouse fighting4  ,i claim no official   
capacity1--no public authority1 no      
representation2--boast of no commission1
 of no written and sealed credentials4  
,i am nothing but what my generous      
friend1 the senator from ,michigan1 has 
justly styled me1 a private and banished
 man4 ,but1 in that capacity ,i have a  
nobler credential for my mission than   
all the clerks of the world can         
write1--the credential that ,i am a man2
 the credential that ,i am a patriot2   
the credential that ,i love with all    
sacrificing devotion my oppressed       
fatherland and liberty2 the credential  
that ,i hate tyrants1 and have sworn    

everlasting hostility to them2 the      
credential that ,i feel the strength to 
do good service to the cause of freedom2
 good service1 as perhaps few men can   
do1 because ,i have the iron will1 in   
this my breast1 to serve faithfully     
devotedly1 indefatigably1 that noble    
cause4  ,i have the credential that ,i  
trust to ,god in heaven1 to justice on  
earth2 that ,i offend no laws1 but cling
 to the protection of the laws4 ,i have 
the credential of my people's undeniable
 confidence and its unshaken faith2 to  
my devotion1 to my manliness1 to my     
honesty1 and to my patriotism2 which    
faith ,i will honestly answer without   
ambition1 without interest1 as          
faithfully as ever1 but more skillfully1
 because schooled by adversities4 ,and  
,i have the credential of the justice of
 the cause ,i plead1 and of the         
wonderful sympathy which1 not my person1
 but that cause1 has met1 and meets1 in 
two hemispheres4 ,these are my          
credentials1 and nothing else4 ,to whom 

this is enough1 he will help me1 so far 
as the law permits and it is his good   
pleasure4 ,to whom these credentials are
 not sufficient1 let him look for a     
better accredited man4                  
,,lxxix4                                
,,the ,,ides ,,of ,,march4  ,to-day is  
the fourth anniversary of the           
,revolution in ,hungary4  ,anniversaries
 of revolutions are almost always       
connected with the recollections of some
 patriot's death1--fallen on that day1  
like the ,spartans at ,thermopyl1       
martyrs of devotion to their fatherland4
  ,almost in every country there is some
 proud cemetery1 or some modest         
tombstone1 adorned on such a day by a   
garland of evergreen1--the pious        
offering of patriotic tenderness4 ,i    
passed the last night in a sleepless    
dream2 and my soul wandered on the      
magnetic wings of the past1 home to my  
beloved1 bleeding land4 ,and ,i saw1 in 
the dead of the night1 dark veiled      
shapes1 with the paleness of eternal    

grief upon their brow--but terrible in  
the fearless silence of that            
grief--gliding over the churchyards of  
,hungary and kneeling down to the head  
of the graves1 and depositing the pious 
tribute of green and cypress upon them2 
and1 after a short prayer1 rising with  
clenched fists and gnashing teeth1 and  
then stealing away tearless6 and silent 
as they came1--stealing away1 because   
the bloodbounds of my country's murder  
lurks from every corner on that night1  
and on this day1 and leads to prison    
those who dare to show a pious          
remembrance to the beloved4 ,to-day1 a  
smile on the lips of a ,magyar is taken 
for a crime of defiance to tyranny2 and 
a tear in his eye is equivalent to a    
revolt4 ,and yet ,i have seen1 with the 
eye of my home-wandering soul1 thousands
 performing the work of patriotic piety4
  ,and ,i saw more4 ,when the pious     
offerers stole away1 ,i saw the honored 
dead half risen from their tombs1       
looking to the offerings1 and whispering

 gloomily1 ,still a cypress1 and still  
no flower of joy6 ,is there still the   
chill of winter and the gloom of night  
over thee1 ,fatherland8 ,are we not yet 
revenged8 ,and the sky of the east      
reddened suddenly1 and quivered with    
bloody flames2 and from the far1 far    
west1 a lightning flashed like a        
star-spangled stripe1 and within its    
light a young eagle mounted and soared  
towards the quivering flames of the     
east2 and as he drew near1 upon his     
approaching1 the flames changed into a  
radiant morning sun1 and a voice from   
above was heard in answer to the        
question of the dead3  ,sleep yet a     
short while2 mine is the revenge4 ,i    
will make the stars of the west the sun 
of the east2 and when ye next awake1 ye 
will find the flower of joy upon your   
cold bed4 ,and the dead took the twig of
 cypress1 the sign of resurrection1 into
 their bony hands1 and lay down4  ,such 
was the dream of my waking soul4 ,and ,i
 prayed2 and such was my prayer3        

,father1 if thou deemest me worthy1 take
 the cup from my people1 and give it in 
their stead to me4 ,and there was a     
whisper around me like the word ,amen4  
,such was my dream1 half foresight and  
half prophecy2 but resolution all4      
,however1 none of those dead whom ,i    
saw1 fell on the #aeth of ,march4 ,they 
were victims of the royal perjury which 
betrayed the #aeth of ,march4 ,the      
anniversary of our ,revolution has not  
the stain of a single drop of blood4    
,l4 ,kossuth4                           
,,lxxx4                                 
,,the ,,same ,,continued4  ,we1 the     
elect of the nation1 sat on that morning
 busily but quietly1 in the legislative 
hall of old ,presburg1 and1 without any 
flood of eloquence1 passed our laws in  
short words1 that the people shall be   
free2 the burdens of feudalism shall    
cease2 the peasant shall become free    
proprietor2 that equality of duties1    
equality of rights1 shall be the        
fundamental law2 and civil1 political1  

social1 and religious liberty shall be  
the common property of all the people1  
whatever tongue it may speak1 or in     
whatever church pray2 and that a        
national ministry shall execute these   
laws1 and guard with its responsibility 
the chartered1 ancient independence of  
our ,fatherland4  ,two days before1     
,austria's brave people in ,vienna had  
broken its yoke2 and summing up despots 
in the person of their tool1 old        
,metternich1 drove him away2 and the    
,hapsburgs1 trembling in their imperial 
cavern of imperial crimes1 trembling1   
but treacherous1 and lying and false1   
wrote with yard-long letters1 the words1
 ,constitution and ,free ,press upon    
,vienna's walls2 and the people in joy  
cheered the inveterate liars1 because   
the people knows no falsehood4  ,on the 
#adth1 ,i announced the tidings from    
,vienna to our ,parliament at ,presburg4
 ,the announcement was swiftly carried  
by the great democrat1 the steam-engine1
 upon the billows of the ,danube1 down  

to old ,buda and to young ,pesth1 and   
while we1 in the ,house of              
,representatives1 passed the laws of    
,justice and freedom1 the people of     
,pesth rose in peaceful but majestic    
manifestation1 declaring that the people
 should be free4 ,at this manifestation 
all the barriers raised by violence     
against the laws1 fell of themselves4   
,not a drop of blood was shed4 ,a man   
who was in prison because he had dared  
to write a book1 was carried home in    
triumph through the streets4 ,the people
 armed itself as a ,national ,guard1 the
 windows were illuminated and bon fires 
burnt1 and when these tidings returned  
back to ,presburg1 blended with the     
cheers from ,vienna1 they warmed the    
chill of our ,house of ,lords1 who      
readily agreed to the laws we pro posed4
 ,and there was rejoicing throughout the
 land4 ,for the first time for centuries
 the farmer awoke with the pleasant     
feeling that his time was now his       
own--for the first time went out to till

 his field with the consoling thought   
that the ninth part of his harvest will 
not be taken by the landlord1 nor the   
tenth by the bishop4 ,both had fully    
resigned their feudal portion1 and the  
air was brightened by the lustre of     
freedom1 and the very soil budding into 
a blooming paradise4 ,such is the memory
 of the #aeth of ,march1 #ahdh4         
,l4 ,kossuth4                           
,,lxxxi4                                
,,the ,,same ,,continued4  ,one year    
later1 there was blood1 but also        
victory1 over the land2 the people      
because free1 fought like demi-gods4    
,seven great victories we had gained in 
that month of ,march4 ,on this very day1
 the remains of the first ten thousand  
,russians fled over the frontiers of    
,transylvania1 to tell at home how      
heavily the blow falls from free        
,hungarian arms4 ,it was in that very   
month1 that one evening ,i lay down in  
the bed1 whence in the morning          
,windischgrtz had risen2 and from the   

battle-field ,i hastened to the         
,congress at ,debreczin1 to tell the    
,representatives of the nation ,it is   
time to declare our national            
independence1 because it is really      
achieved4 ,the ,hapsburgs have not power
 to contradict it more4 ,nor had they4  
,but ,russia1 having experienced by the 
test of its first interference1 that    
there was no power on earth caring about
 the most flagrant violation of the laws
 of nations1 and seeing by the silence  
of ,great ,britain and of the ,united   
,states1 that she may dare to violate   
those laws1 our heroes had to meet a    
fresh force of nearly two hundred       
thousand ,russians4 ,no power cheered   
our bravely-won independence by         
diplomatic recognition2 not even the    
,united ,states1 though they always     
professed their principle to be that    
they recognize every de facto           
government4 ,we therefore had the right 
to expect a speedy recognition from the 
,united ,states4 ,our struggle rose to  

,european height1 but we were left alone
 to fight for the world2 and we had no  
arms for the new battalions1 gathering  
up in thousands with resolute hearts and
 empty hands4  ,the recognition of our  
independence being withheld1 commercial 
intercourse for procuring arms abroad   
was impossible1--the gloomy feeling of  
entire forsakedness spread over our     
tired ranks1 and prepared the field for 
the secret action of treachery2 until   
the most sacrilegious violation of those
 common laws of nations was achieved1   
and4 the code of nature and of nature's 
,god was drowned in ,hungary's blood4   
,and ,i who on the #aeth of ,march1     
#ahdh1 saw the principle of full civil  
and religious liberty triumphing in my  
native land1--who1 on the #aeth of      
,march1 #ahdi1 saw this freedom         
consolidated by victories1--one year    
later1 on the #aeth of ,march1 #ahej1   
was on my sorrowful way to an ,asiatic  
prison4                                 
,l4 ,kossuth4                           

,,lxxxii4                               
,,the ,,same ,,concluded4  ,but         
wonderful are the ways of ,divine       
,providence4 ,it was again in the month 
of ,march1 #ahea1 that the generous     
interposition of the ,united ,states    
cast the first ray of hope into the dead
 night of my captivity4 ,and on the     
#aeth of ,march1 #aheb1 the fourth      
anniversary of our ,revolution1 guided  
by the bounty of ,providence1 here ,i   
stand1 in the very heart of your immense
 ,republic2 no longer a captive1 but    
free in the land of the free1 not only  
not desponding1 but firm in confidence  
of the future1 because raised in spirits
 by a swelling sympathy in the home of  
the brave2 still a poor1 a homeless     
exile1 but not without some power to do 
good to my country and to the cause of  
liberty1 as my very persecution proves4 
,such is the history of the #aeth of    
,march1 in my humble life4 ,who can tell
 what will be the character of the next 
#aeth of ,march8  ,nearly two thousand  

years ago4 the first ,csar found a      
,brutus on the ,ides or #aeth of ,march4
 ,may be that the ,ides of ,march1      
#ahec1 will see the last of the ,csars  
fall under the avenging might of a      
thousand-handed ,brutus--the name of    
whom is the people--inexorable at last  
after it has been so long generous4 ,the
 seat of the ,csars was first in the    
south1 then from the south to the east1 
from the east to the west1 and from the 
west to the north4 ,that is their last  
abode4 ,none was lasting yet4 ,will the 
last1 and worst1 prove luckier8 ,no1 it 
will not4 ,while the seat of the ,csars 
was tossed around and thrown back to the
 icy north1 a new world became the      
cradle of a new humanity1 where1 in     
spite of the ,csars the ,genius of      
,freedom raised 7let us hope7 an        
everlasting throne4 ,the ,csar of the   
north and the ,genius of ,freedom have  
not place enough upon this earth for    
both of them2 one must yield and be     
crushed beneath the heels of the other4 

,which is it8 ,which shall yield8       
,america may decide4                    
,l4 ,kossuth4                           
,,lxxxiii4                        ,,the 
,,mayflower ,,and ,,the ,,pilgrims4     
,methinks ,i see it now that one        
solitary1 adventurous vessel1 the       
,mayflower of a forlorn hope1 freighted 
with the prospects of a future state1   
and bound across the unknown sea4 ,i    
behold it pursuing1 with a thousand     
misgivings1 the uncertain1 the tedious  
voyage4 ,suns rise and set1 and weeks1  
and months pass1 and winter surprises   
them on the deep1 but brings them not   
the sight of the wished-for shore4 ,i   
see them now1 scantily supplied with    
provisions1 crowded almost to           
suffocation in their ill-stored prison1 
delayed by calms1 pursuing a circuitous 
route2 and now1 driven in fury before   
the raging tempest1 in their scarcely   
seaworthy vessel4 ,the awful voice of   
the storm howls through the rigging4    
,the laboring masts seem straining from 

their base2 the dismal sound of the     
pumps is heard2 the ship leaps1 as it   
were1 madly from billow to billow2 the  
ocean breaks1 and settles with ingulfing
 floods over the floating deck1 and     
beats with deadening weight1 against the
 staggered vessel4 ,i see them1 escaped 
from these perils1 pursuing their all   
but desperate undertaking1 and landed at
 last1 after a five months' passage1 on 
the ice-clad rocks of ,plymouth1 weak   
and weary from the voyage1 poorly armed1
 scantily provisioned1 depending on the 
charity of their shipmaster for a       
draught of beer on board1 drinking      
nothing but water on shore1 without     
shelter1 without means1 surrounded by   
hostile tribes4  ,shut now the volume of
 history1 and tell me1 on any principle 
of human probability1 what shall be the 
fate of this handful of adventurers4    
,tell me1 man of military science1 in   
how many months were they all swept off 
by the thirty savage tribes1 enumerated 
within the early limits of ,new         

,england8 ,tell me1 politician1 how long
 did this shadow of a colony1 on which  
your conventions and treaties had not   
smiled1 languish on the distant coast8  
,student of history1 compare for me the 
baffled projects1 the deserted          
settlements1 the abandoned adventures of
 other times1 and find the parallel of  
this4 ,was it the winter's storm1       
beating upon the houseless heads of     
women and children8 was it hard labor   
and spare meals8 was it disease8 was it 
the tomahawk8 was it the deep malady of 
blighted hope1 a ruined enterprise1 and 
a broken heart1 aching in its last      
moments at the recollection of the loved
 and left1 beyond the sea8--was it some1
 or all of these united1 that hurried   
this forsaken company to their          
melancholy fate8 ,and is it possible    
that neither of these causes1 that not  
all combined1 were able to blast this   
bud of lope8 ,is it possible1 that from 
a beginning so feeble1 so frail1 so     
worthy1 not so much of admiration as of 

pity1 there has gone forth a progress so
 steady1 a growth so wonderful1 a       
reality so important1 a promise yet to  
be fulfilled so glorious8               
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,lxxxiv4                               
,,the ,,discovery ,,of ,,america4       
,after years of fruitless and heart-sick
 solicitation1 after offering1 in       
effect1 to this monarchy and to that    
monarch1 the gift of a hemisphere4 the  
great discoverer touches upon a partial 
success4 ,he succeeds1 not in enlisting 
the sympathy of his countrymen at ,genoa
 and ,venice1 for a brave               
brother-sailor1--not in giving a new    
direction to the spirit of maritime     
adventure1 which had so long prevailed  
in ,portugal1--not in stimulating the   
commercial thrift of ,henry the         
,seventh1 or the pious ambition of the  
,catholic king4 ,his sorrowful          
perseverance touches the heart of a     
noble princess1 worthy the throne which 
she adorned4 ,the ,new ,world1 which was

 just escaping the subtle kingcraft of  
,ferdinand1 was saved to ,spain by the  
womanly compassion of ,isabella4  ,it is
 truly melancholy1 however1 to          
contemplate the wretched equipment1 for 
which the most powerful princess of     
,christendom was ready to pledge her    
jewels4 ,floating castles will soon be  
fitted out to convey the miserable      
natives of ,africa to the golden shores 
of ,america2 towering galleons will be  
despatched to bring home the guilty     
treasures to ,spain4 ,but three small   
vessels1 one of which was without a     
deck1 and neither of them1 probably1    
exceeding the capacity of a pilot-boat1 
and even these impressed into the public
 service1 composed the expedition fitted
 out under royal patronage1 to realize  
that magnificent conceptions in which   
the creative mind of ,columbus had      
planted the germs of a new world4  ,no  
chapter of romance equals the interest  
of this expedition4 ,the most           
fascinating of the works of fiction     

which have issued from the modern press 
have1 to my taste1 no attraction        
compared with the pages in which the    
first voyage of ,columbus is described  
by ,robertson1 and still more by our own
 ,irving and ,prescott1 the last two    
enjoying the advantage over the         
,scottish historian of possessing the   
lately discovered ,journals and letters 
of ,columbus himself4 ,the departure    
from ,palos1 where1 a few days before1  
he had begged a morsel of bread and a   
cup of water for his wayworn child1--his
 final farewell to the ,old ,world at   
the ,canaries1--his entrance upon the   
trade winds1 which then1 for the first  
time1 filled a ,european sail1--the     
portentous variation of the needle1     
never before observed1 the fearful      
course westward and westward1 day after 
day1 and night after night1 over the    
unknown ocean1 the mutinous and         
ill-appeased crew2 at length1 when hope 
had turned to despair in every heart but
 one1 the tokens of land1--the          

cloud-banks on the western horizon1--the
 logs of drift-wood1--the fresh shrub1  
floating with its leaves and            
berries1--the flocks of land-birds1--the
 shoals of fish that inhabit shallow    
water1 the indescribable smell of the   
shore1--the mysterious presentiment that
 seems ever to go before a great event1 
and finally1 on that ever-memorable     
night of the #abth of ,october1 #adib1  
the moving light seen by the sleepless  
eye of the great discoverer himself1    
from the deck of the ,santa ,maria1 and 
in the morning the real1 undoubted land1
 swelling up from the bosom of the deep1
 with its plains1 and hills1 and        
forests1 and rocks1 and streams1 and    
strange1 new races of men2--these are   
incidents in which the authentic history
 of the discovery of our ,continent     
excels the specious wonders of romance1 
as much as gold excels tinsel1 or the   
sun in the heavens outshines the        
flickering taper4                       
,e4 ,everett4                           

,,lxxxv4                                
,,adams ,,and ,,jefferson4  ,we dismiss 
them not to the chambers of             
forgetfulness and death4 ,what we       
admired1 and prized1 and venerated in   
them1 can never be forgotten4 ,i had    
almost said that they are now beginning 
to live2 to live that life of unimpaired
 influence1 of unclouded fame1 of       
unmingled happiness1 for which their    
talents and services were destined4     
,such men do not1 cannot die4 ,to be    
cold and breathless2 to feel not and    
speak not2 this is not the end of       
existence to the men who have breathed  
their spirits into the institutions of  
their country1 who have stamped their   
characters on the pillars of the age1   
who have poured their hearts' blood into
 the channels of the public prosperity4 
,tell me1 ye who tread the sods of yon  
sacred height1 is ,warren dead8 ,can you
 not still see him1 not pale and        
prostrate1 the blood of his gallant     
heart pouring out of his ghastly wound1 

but moving resplendent over the field of
 honors with the rose of heaven upon his
 cheek1 and the fire of liberty in his  
eye8 ,tell me1 ye who make your pious   
pilgrimage to the shades of ,vernon1 is 
,washington indeed shut up in that cold 
and narrow house8 ,that which made these
 men1 and men like these1 cannot die4   
,the hand that traced the charter of    
independence is1 indeed1 motionless2 the
 eloquent lips that sustained it are    
hushed2 but the lofty spirits that      
conceived1 resolved1 and maintained it1 
and which alone1 to such men1 make it   
life to live1 these cannot expire2--    
,these shall resist the empire of decay1
      ,when time is o'er1 and worlds    
have passed away2      ,cold in the dust
 the perished heart may lie1      ,but  
that which warmed it once can never die4
                                        
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,lxxxvi4                    ,,the      
,,indian ,,chief ,,to ,,the ,,white     
,,settler4  ,think of the country for   

which the ,indians fought6 ,who can     
blame them8 ,as ,philip looked down from
 his seat on ,mount ,hope1 that glorious
 eminence1 that      ---- throne of     
royal state1 which far      ,outshone   
the wealth of ,ormus and of ,ind1       
,or where the gorgeous ,east1 with      
richest hand1      ,showers on her kings
 barbaric pearl and gold1--  as he      
looked down1 and beheld the lovely scene
 which spread beneath1 at a summer      
sunset1 the distant hill-tops glittering
 as with fire1 the slanting beams       
streaming across the waters1 the broad  
plains1 the island groups1 the majestic 
forest1--could he be blamed1 if his     
heart burned within him1 as he beheld it
 all passing1 by no tardy process1 from 
beneath his control1 into the hands of  
the stranger8  ,as the river            
chieftains--the lords of the waterfalls 
and the mountains--ranged this lovely   
valley1 can it be wondered at1 if they  
beheld with bitterness the forest       
disappearing beneath the settler's axe8 

the fishing-place disturbed by his      
saw-mills8 ,can we not fancy the        
feelings with which some strong-minded  
savage1 the chief of the ,pocomtuck     
,indians1 who should have ascended the  
summit of the ,sugar-loaf ,mountain1    
7rising as it does before us1 at this   
moment1 in all its loveliness and       
grandeur17--in company with a friendly  
settler1 contemplating the progress     
already made by the white man1 and      
marking the gigantic strides with which 
he was advancing into the wilderness1   
should fold his arms and say ,white man1
 there is eternal war between me and    
thee6 ,i quit not the land of my        
fathers1 but with my life4 ,in those    
woods1 where ,i bent my youthful bow2 ,i
 will still hunt the deer2 over yonder  
waters ,i will still glide1             
unrestrained1 in my bark canoe4 ,by     
those dashing waterfalls ,i will still  
lay up my winter's store of food2 on    
these fertile meadows ,i will still     
plant my corn4  ,stranger1 the land is  

mine6 ,i understand not these paper     
rights4 ,i gave not my consent1 when1 as
 thou sayest1 these broad regions were  
purchased1 for a few baubles1 of my     
fathers4 ,they could sell what was      
theirs2 they could sell no more4 ,how   
could my father sell that which the     
,great ,spirit sent me into the world to
 live upon8 ,they knew not what they    
did4  ,the stranger came1 a timid       
suppliant1--few and feeble1 and asked to
 lie down on the red man's bear-skin1   
and warm himself at the red man's fire1 
and have a little piece of land to raise
 corn for his women and children2 and   
now he is become strong1 and mighty1 and
 bold1 and spreads out his parchments   
over the whole1 and says1 ',it is mine4'
  ,stranger6 there is not room for us   
both4 ,the ,great ,spirit has not made  
us to live together4 ,there is poison in
 the white man's cup2 the white man's   
dog barks at the red man's heels4 ,if ,i
 should leave the land of my fathers1   
whither shall ,i fly8 ,shall ,i go to   

the south1 and dwell among the graves of
 the ,pequots8 ,shall ,i wander to the  
west1 the fierce ,mohawk1--the          
man-eater1--is my foe4 ,shall ,i fly to 
the east1 the great water is before me4 
,no1 stranger2 here ,i have lived1 and  
here will ,i die2 and if here thou      
abidest1 there is eternal war between me
 and thee4  ,thou hast taught me thy    
arts of destruction2 for that alone ,i  
thank thee4 ,and now take heed to thy   
steps2 the red man is thy foe4 ,when    
thou goest forth by day my bullet shall 
whistle past thee2 when thou liest down 
by night1 my knife is at thy throat4    
,the noonday sun shall not discover thy 
enemy1 and the darkness of midnight     
shall not protect thy rest4 ,thou shalt 
plant in terror1 and ,i will reap in    
blood2 thou shalt sow the earth with    
corn1 and ,i will strew it with ashes2  
thou shalt go forth with the sickle1 and
 ,i will follow after with the          
scalping-knife2 thou shalt build1 and ,i
 will burn1--till the white man or the  

,indian perish from the land4           
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,lxxxvii4                              
,,the ,,men ,,of ,,seventy-,,six4  ,if  
we look only at one part of the work of 
the men of '#gf if we see them poring   
over musty parchments by the midnight   
lamp1 citing the year-books against     
writs of assistance1 disputing          
themselves hoarse1 about this phrase in 
the charter of ,charles the ,first1 and 
that section in a statute of ,edward the
 ,third1 we should be disposed to class 
them with the most bigoted conservatives
 that ever threw a drag-chain around the
 limbs of a young and ardent people4    
,but1 gracious heavens1 look at them    
again1 when the trumpet sounds the hour 
of resistance2 survey the other aspect  
of their work4 ,see these undaunted     
patriots1 in their obscure caucus       
gatherings1 in their town-meetings1 in  
their provincial assemblies1 in their   
continental congress1 breathing defiance
 to the ,british ,parliament and the    

,british throne4 ,march with their raw  
militia to the conflict with the trained
 veterans of the seven years' war4      
,witness them1 a group of colonies1     
extemporized into a confederacy1        
entering with a calm self-possession    
into alliance with the oldest monarchy  
in ,europe2 and occupying1 as they did1 
a narrow belt of territory along the    
coast1 plainly peopled1 partially       
cleared1 hemmed in by the native savage1
 by the ,alleghenies1 by the ,ohio1 and 
the ,lakes2 behold them dilating with   
the grandeur of the position1 radiant in
 the prospective glories of their       
career1 casting abroad the germs of     
future independent ,states1 destined1 at
 no distant day1 not merely to cover the
 face of the thirteen ,british colonies1
 but to spread over the territories of  
,france and ,spain on this continent1   
over ,florida and ,louisiana1 over ,new 
,mexico and ,california1 beyond the     
,mississippi1 beyond the ,rocky         
,mountains1--to unite the ,atlantic and 

the ,pacific ,oceans1 the arctic and the
 torrid zones1 in one great network of  
confederate republican government4      
,contemplate this1 and you will         
acknowledge the men of ,seventy-six to  
have been the boldest men of progress   
that the world has ever seen6  ,these   
are the men whom the ,fourth of ,july   
invites us to respect and to            
imitate2--the ,james ,otises and the    
,warrens1 the ,franklins and the        
,adamses1 the ,patrick ,henrys and the  
,jeffersons1 and him whom ,i may not    
name in the plural number1 brightest of 
the bright and purest of the            
pure1--,washington himself4 ,but let us 
be sure to imitate them1 7or strive to  
do so7 in all their great principles1 in
 both parts of their noble and          
comprehensive policy4 ,let us reverence 
them as they reverenced their           
predecessors1--not seeking to build up  
the future on the ruins of all that had 
gone before1 nor yet to bind down the   
living1 breathing1 burning present to   

the mouldering relics of the dead       
past1--but deducing the rule of a bold  
and safe progress1 from the records of a
 wise and glorious experience4          
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,lxxxviii4                             
,,the ,,same ,,concluded4  ,we live at  
an era as eventful1 in my judgment1 as  
that of '#gf though in a different way4 
,we have no foreign yoke to throw off   
but in the discharge of the duty        
devolved upon us by ,providence1 we have
 to carry the republican independence   
which our fathers achieved1 with all the
 organized institutions of an           
enlightened community1 institutions of  
religion1 law1 education1 charity1 art1 
and all the thousand graces of the      
higher culture1 beyond the ,missouri1   
beyond the ,sierra ,nevada2 perhaps1 in 
time around the circuit of the          
,antilles2 perhaps to the archipelagoes 
of the ,central ,pacific4 ,the pioneers 
are on the way4 ,who can tell how far   
and fast they will travel8 ,who1 that   

compares the ,north ,america of #agec1  
but a century ago1 and numbering but    
little over a million of souls of       
,european origin2 or still more the     
,north ,america of #afec1 when there was
 certainly not a fifth part of that     
number2 who that compares this with the 
,north ,america of #ahec1 its twenty-two
 millions of ,european origin1 and its  
thirty-one ,states1 will venture to     
assign limits to our growth2 will dare  
to compute the time-table of our railway
 progress1 or lift so much as a corner  
of the curtain that hides the crowded   
events of the coming century8  ,this    
only we can plainly see2 the ,old ,world
 is rocking to its foundations4 ,from   
the ,gulf of ,finland to the ,yellow    
,sea1 everything is shaken4 ,the spirit 
of the age has gone forth to hold his   
great review1 and the kings of the earth
 are moved to meet him at his coming4   
,the band which holds the great powers  
of ,europe together in one political    
league1 is strained to its utmost       

tension4 ,the catastrophe may for a     
while be staved off2 but to all         
appearance they are hurrying to the     
verge of one of those conflicts which1  
like those of ,pharsalia and ,actium1   
affect the condition of ,states for     
twice ten centuries4 ,the ,turkish      
empire1 encamped but for four centuries 
on the frontiers of ,europe1 and the    
,chinese monarchy1 contemporary with    
,david and ,solomon1 are alike          
crumbling4  ,while these events are     
passing in the ,old ,world1 a tide of   
emigration1 which has no parallel in    
history is pouring westward1 across the 
,atlantic1 and eastward1 across the     
,pacific to our shores4 ,the real       
political vitality of the world seems   
moving to the new hemisphere1 whose     
condition and fortune it devolves upon  
us and our children to mould and        
regulate4  ,it is a grand1--let me say1 
a solemn thought1--well calculated to   
still the passions of the day and to    
elevate us above the paltry strife of   

parties4 ,it teaches us that we are     
called to the highest1 and1 ,i do verily
 believe1 the most momentous trust that 
ever devolved upon one generation of    
men4 ,let us meet it with a             
corresponding temper and purpose1--with 
the wisdom of a well-instructed         
experience1 and with the foresight and  
preparation of a glorious future2 not on
 the narrow platforms of party policy   
and temporary expediency1 but in the    
broad and comprehensive spirit of       
,seventy-six4                           
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,lxxxix4                               
,,our ,,common ,,schools4  ,sir1 it is  
our common schools which gives the keys 
of knowledge to the mass of the people4 
,our common schools are important in the
 same way as the common air1 the common 
sunshine1 the common rain1--invaluable  
for their commonness4 ,they are the     
corner-stone of that municipal          
organization which is the characteristic
 feature of our social system2 they are 

the fountain of that widespread         
intelligence which1 like a moral life   
pervades the country4  ,from the        
humblest village-school there may go    
forth a teacher who1 like ,newton1 shall
 bind his temples with the stars of     
,orion's belt2 with ,herschel1 light up 
his cell with the beams of              
before-undiscovered planets2 with       
,franklin1 grasp the lightning4         
,columbus1 fortified with a few sound   
geographical principles1 was1 on the    
deck of his crazy caravel1 more truly   
the monarch of ,castile and ,aragon1    
than ,ferdinand and ,isabella1 enthroned
 beneath the golden vaults of the       
conquered ,alhambra4 ,and ,robinson1    
with the simple training of a rural     
pastor in ,england1 when he knelt on the
 shores of ,delft ,haven1 and sent his  
little flock upon their ,gospel errantry
 beyond the world of waters1 exercised  
an influence over the destinies of the  
civilized world1 which will last to the 
end of time4  ,sir1 it is a solemn1 a   

tender1 and sacred duty that of         
education4 ,what1 sir1 feed a child's   
body1 and let his soul hunger6 pamper   
his limbs and starve his faculties6     
,plant the earth1 cover a thousand hills
 with your droves of cattle1 pursue the 
fish to their hiding-places in the sea1 
and spread out your wheatfields across  
the plain1 in order to supply the wants 
of that body which will soon be as cold 
and as senseless as the poorest clod1   
and let the pure spiritual essence      
within you1 with all its glorious       
capacities for improvement1 languish and
 pine6 ,what6 build factories1 turn in  
rivers upon the water-wheels1 enchain   
the imprisoned spirits of steam1 to     
weave a garment for the body1 and let   
the soul remain unadorned and naked6    
,what6 send out your vessels to the     
farthest ocean1 and make battle with the
 monsters of the deep1 in order to      
obtain the means of lighting up your    
dwellings and workshops1 and prolonging 
the hours of labor for the meat that    

perisheth1 and permit that vital spark  
which ,god has kindled1 which ,he has   
intrusted to our care1 to be fanned into
 a bright and heavenly flame1--permit   
it1 ,i say1 to languish and go out6     
,what considerate man can enter a school
 and not reflect with awe1 that it is a 
seminary where immortal minds are       
training for eternity8 ,what parent but 
is1 at times1 weighed down with the     
thought1 that there must be laid the    
foundations of a building which will    
stand1 when not merely temple and       
palace1 but the perpetual hills and     
adamantine rocks on which they rest1    
have melted away6--that a light may     
there be kindled1 which will shine1 not 
merely when every artificial beam is    
extinguished1 but when the affrighted   
sun has fled away from the heavens6 ,i  
can add nothing1 sir1 to this           
consideration4 ,i will only say1 in     
conclusion1 ,education1--when we feed   
that lamp1 we perform the highest social
 duty6 ,if we quench it1 ,i know not    

where 7humanly speaking71 for time or   
for eternity1--       ,i know not where 
is that ,promethean heat      ,that can 
its light resume6                       
,e ,everett4                            
,,xc4                   ,,webster',s    
,,greatest ,,parliamentary ,,effort4    
,the greatest parliamentary effort made 
by ,mr4 ,webster1 was his second speech 
on ,foot's resolution1--the question at 
issue being nothing less than this2 ,is 
the ,constitution of the ,united ,states
 a compact without a common umpire      
between confederated sovereignties2 or  
is it a government of the people of the 
,united ,states1 sovereign within the   
sphere of its delegated powers1 although
 reserving a great mass of undelegated  
rights to the separate ,state           
governments and the people8 ,with those 
who embrace the opinions which ,mr4     
,webster combated in this speech1 this  
is not the time nor the place to engage 
in an argument2 but those who believe   
that he maintained the true principles  

of the ,constitution1 will probably     
agree1 that since that instrument was   
communicated to the ,continental        
,congress1 seventy-two years ago this   
day by ,george ,washington as ,president
 of the ,federal ,convention1 no greater
 service has been rendered to the       
country than in the delivery of this    
speech4  ,well do ,i recollect the      
occasion and the scene4 ,it was truly   
what ,wellington called the battle of   
,waterloo1 a conflict of giants4 ,i     
passed an hour and a half with ,mr4     
,webster1 at his request1 the evening   
before this great effort2 and he went   
over to me1 from a very concise brief1  
the main topics of the speech which he  
had prepared for the following day4 ,so 
calm and unimpassioned was the          
memorandum1 so entirely was he at ease  
himself that ,i was tempted to think    
absurdly enough1 that he was not        
sufficiently aware of the magnitude of  
the occasion4 ,but ,i soon perceived    
that his calmness was the repose of     

conscious power4 ,he was not only at    
ease1 but sportive and full of anecdote2
 and as he told the ,senate playfully   
the next day he slept soundly that night
 on the formidable assault of his       
gallant and accomplished adversary4 ,so 
the great ,cond slept on the eve of the 
battle of ,rocroi2 so ,alexander slept  
on the eve of the battle of ,arbela2 and
 so they awoke to deeds of immortal     
fame4  ,as ,i saw him in the evening1   
7if ,i may borrow an illustration from  
his favorite amusement17 he was as      
unconcerned and as free of spirit1 as   
some here have often seen him1 while    
floating in his fishing boat along a    
hazy shore1 gently rocking on the       
tranquil tide1 dropping his line here   
and there1 with the varying fortune of  
the sport4 ,the next morning he was like
 some mighty ,admiral1 dark and         
terrible1 casting the long shadow of his
 frowning tiers far over the sea1 that  
seemed to sink beneath him2 his broad   
pendant streaming at the main1 the stars

 and the stripes at the fore1 the       
mizzen1 and the peak2 and bearing down  
like a tempest upon his antagonist1 with
 all his canvas strained to the wind and
 all his thunders roaring from his      
broadsides4                             
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,xci4                        ,,what    
,,good ,,will ,,the ,,monument ,,do4  ,i
 am met with the great objection1 ,what 
good will the ,monument do8 ,i beg      
leave1 sir1 to exercise my birthright as
 a ,yankee1 and answer this question by 
asking two or three more1 to which1 ,i  
believe1 it will be quite as difficult  
to furnish a satisfactory reply4 ,i am  
asked1 ,what good will the monument do8 
,and ,i ask1 ,what good does anything   
do8 ,what is good8 ,does anything do any
 good8 ,the persons who suggest this    
objection1 of course think that there   
are some projects and undertakings that 
do good2 and ,i should therefore like to
 have the idea of good explained1 and   
analyzed1 and run out to its elements4  

,when this is done1 if ,i do not        
demonstrate1 in about two minutes1 that 
the monument does the same kind of good 
that anything else does1 ,i shall       
consent that the huge blocks of granite 
already laid1 should be reduced to      
gravel1 and carted off to fill up the   
mill-pond2 for that1 ,i suppose1 is one 
of the good things4 ,does a railroad or 
canal do good8 ,answer1 yes4 ,and how8  
,it facilitates intercourse1 opens      
markets and increases the wealth of the 
country4 ,but what is this good for8    
,why1 individuals prosper and get rich4 
,and what good does that do8 ,is mere   
wealth1 as an ultimate end1--gold and   
silver1 without an inquiry as to their  
use1--are these a good8 ,certainly not4 
,i should insult this audience by       
attempting to prove that a rich man1 as 
such1 is neither better nor happier than
 a poor one4 ,but as men grow rich1 they
 live better4 ,is there any good in     
this1 stopping here8 ,is mere animal    
life--feeding1 working1 and sleeping    

like an ox--entitled to be called good8 
,certainly not4 ,but these improvements 
increase the population4 ,and what8 good
 does that do8 ,where is the good in    
counting twelve millions1 instead of    
six1 of mere feeding1 working1 sleeping 
animals8 ,there is1 then1 no good in the
 mere animal life1 except that it is the
 physical basis of that higher moral    
existence1 which resides in the soul1   
the heart1 the mind1 the conscience2 in 
good principles1 good feelings1 good    
actions 7and the more disinterested1 the
 more entitled to be called good7 which 
flow from them4 ,now1 sir1 ,i say that  
generous and patriotic sentiments1      
sentiments which prepare us to serve our
 country1 to live for our country1 to   
die for our country1--feelings like     
those which carried ,prescott1 and      
,warren1 and ,putnam to the             
battle-field1 are good1--good1 humanly  
speaking1 of the highest order4 ,it is  
good to have them1 good to encourage    
them1 good to honor them1 good to       

commemorate them2--and whatever tends to
 animate and strengthen such feelings   
does as much right down practical good  
as filling up low grounds and building  
railroads4 ,this is my demonstration4   
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,xcii4                   ,,emancipation
 ,,of ,,the ,,catholics ,,of ,,ireland4 
,this paper1 gentlemen1 insists upon the
 necessity of emancipating the          
,catholics of ,ireland1 and that is     
charged as a part of the libel4 ,if they
 had waited another year1 if they had   
kept this prosecution impending for     
another year1 how much would remain for 
a jury to decide upon1 ,i should be at a
 loss to discover4 ,it seems as if the  
progress of public information was      
eating away the ground of the           
prosecution4 ,since the commencement of 
the prosecution1 this part of the libel 
has unluckily received the sanction of  
the legislature4 ,in that interval our  
,catholic brethren have obtained that   
admission1 which1 it seems1 it was a    

libel to propose4 ,in what way to       
account for this1 ,i am really at a     
loss4 ,have any alarms been occasioned  
by the emancipation of our ,catholic    
brethren8 has the bigoted malignity of  
any individuals been crushed8 ,or1 has  
the stability of the government1 or has 
that of the country been weakened8 ,or1 
are one million of subjects stronger    
than three millions8 ,do you think that 
the benefit they receive should be      
poisoned by the stings of vengeance8 ,if
 you think so1 you must say to them1    
,you have demanded your emancipation and
 you have got it2 but we abhor your     
persons1 we are outraged at your        
success2 and we will stigmatize1 by a   
criminal prosecution1 the adviser of    
that relief which you have obtained from
 the voice of your country4  ,i ask you1
 gentlemen1 do you think1 as honest men1
 anxious for the public tranquillity1   
conscious that there are wounds not yet 
completely cicatrized that you ought to 
speak this language at this time1 to men

 who are too much disposed to think that
 in this very emancipation they have    
been saved from their own ,parliament by
 the humanity of their ,sovereign8 ,or1 
do you wish to prepare them for the     
revocation of these improvident         
concessions8 ,do you think it wise or   
humane at this moment to insult them1 by
 sticking up in a pillory the man who   
dared to stand forth as their advocate8 
,i put it to your oaths2 do you think   
that a blessing of that kind1 that a    
victory obtained by justice over bigotry
 and oppression1 should have a stigma   
cast upon it by an ignominious sentence 
upon men honest and bold enough to      
propose that measure8 to propose the    
redeeming of religion from the abuses of
 the ,church--the reclaiming of three   
millions of men from bondage1 and giving
 liberty to all who had a right to      
demand it--giving1 ,i say1 in the so    
much censured words of this paper1      
,universal ,emancipation6  ,i speak in  
the spirit of the ,british law1 which   

makes liberty commensurate with and     
inseparable from ,british soil--which   
proclaims even to the stranger and the  
sojourner1 the moment he sets his foot  
upon ,british earth1 that the ground on 
which he treads is holy1 and consecrated
 by the genius of ,universal            
,emancipation4 ,no matter in what       
language his doom may have been         
pronounced2 no matter what complexion   
incompatible with freedom an ,indian or 
an ,african sun may have burned upon    
him2 no matter in what disastrous battle
 his liberty may have been cloven down2 
no matter with what solemnities he may  
have been devoted upon the altar of     
slavery2--the first moment he touches   
the sacred soil of ,britain1 the altar  
and the god sink together in the dust2  
his soul walks abroad in her own        
majesty2 his body swells beyond the     
measure of his chains that burst from   
around him and he stands redeemed1      
regenerated1 and disenthralled1 by the  
irresistible genius of ,universal       

,emancipation4                          
,j4 ,p4 ,curran4                        
,,xciii4                                
,,the ,,public ,,informer4  ,but the    
learned gentleman is further pleased to 
say1 that the traverser has charged the 
government with the encouragement of    
informers4 ,this1 gentlemen1 is another 
small fact that you are to deny at the  
hazard of your souls1 and upon the      
solemnity of your oaths4 ,you are upon  
your oaths to say to the sister country1
 that the government of ,ireland uses no
 such abominable instruments of         
destruction as informers4 ,let me ask   
you honestly1 what do you feel1 when in 
my hearing1 when in the face of this    
audience1 you are called upon to give a 
verdict that every man of us1 and every 
man of you1 know by the testimony of    
your own eyes to be utterly and         
absolutely false8 ,i speak not now of   
the public proclamation of informers1   
with a promise of secrecy and of        
extravagant reward2 ,i speak not of the 

fate of those horrid wretches who have  
been so often transferred from the table
 to the dock1 and from the dock to the  
pillory2 ,i speak of what your own eyes 
have seen day after day1 during the     
course of this commission1 from the box 
where you are now sitting--the number of
 horrid miscreants who avowed upon their
 oaths that they had come from the very 
seat of government from the castle1     
where they had been worked upon by the  
fear of death and the hopes of          
compensation to give evidence against   
their fellows4 ,i speak of the          
well-known fact that the mild and       
wholesome councils of this government   
are holden over these catacombs of      
living death1 where the wretch that is  
buried a man1 lies till his heart has   
time to fester and dissolve1 and is then
 dug up a witness4  ,is this fancy1 or  
is it fact8 ,have you not seen him1     
after his resurrection from that tomb1  
after leaving been dug out of the region
 of death and corruption1 make his      

appearance upon the table1 the living   
image of life and of death1 and the     
supreme arbiter of both8 ,have you not  
marked when he entered1 how the stormy  
wave of the multitude retired at his    
approach8 ,have you not marked how the  
human heart bowed to the supremacy of   
his power1 in the undissembled homage of
 deferential horror8 ,how his glance1   
like the lightning of heaven1 seemed to 
rive the body of the accused1 and mark  
it for the grave1 while his voice warned
 the devoted wretch of woe and death--a 
death which no innocence can escape1 no 
art elude1 no force resist1 no antidote 
prevent4 ,there was an antidote a       
juror's oath----but even that adamantine
 chain that bound the integrity of man  
to the throne of eternal justice1 is    
solved and melted in the breath that    
issues from the informer's mouth4       
,conscience swings from her mooring1 and
 the appalled and affrighted juror      
consults his own safety in the surrender
 of the victim4                         

,j4 ,p4 ,curran4                        
,,xciv4                    ,,red        
,,jacket',s ,,speech ,,to ,,the         
,,missionary4  ,brother1 listen to what 
we say4 ,there was a time when our      
forefathers owned this great island4    
,their seats extended from the rising to
 the setting sun4 ,the ,great ,spirit   
had made it for the use of ,indians4 ,he
 had created the buffalo1 file deer1 and
 other animals for food4 ,he had made   
the bear and the beaver4 ,their skins   
served us for clothing4 ,he had         
scattered them over the country1 and    
taught us how to take them4 ,he had     
caused the earth to produce corn for    
bread4 ,all this ,he had done for his   
red children1 because ,he loved them4   
,if we had some disputes about our      
hunting-ground1 they were generally     
settled without the shedding of much    
blood4 ,but an evil day came upon us4   
,your forefathers came across the great 
water1 and landed on this island4 ,their
 numbers were small4 ,they found friends

 and not enemies4 ,they told us they had
 fled from their own country for fear of
 wicked men1 and asked for a small seat4
 ,we took pity on them2 granted their   
request2 and they sat down amongst us4  
,we gave them corn and meat2 they gave  
us poison in return4  ,the white people1
 brother1 had now found our country4    
,tidings were carried back1 and more    
came amongst us4 ,yet we did not fear   
them4 ,we took them to be friends4 ,they
 called us brothers4 ,we believed them  
and gave them a larger seat4 ,at length 
their numbers had greatly increased4    
,they wanted more land2 they wanted our 
country4 ,our eyes were opened1 and our 
minds became uneasy4 ,wars took place4  
,indians were hired to fight against    
,indians1 and many of our people were   
destroyed4 ,they also brought strong    
liquor amongst us4 ,it was strong and   
powerful and has slain thousands4       
,brother1 our seats were once large1 and
 yours were small4 ,you have now become 
a great people1 and we have scarcely a  

place left to spread our blankets4 ,you 
have got our country but are not        
satisfied2 you want to force your       
religion upon us4 ,you say that you are 
sent to instruct us how to worship the  
,great ,spirit agreeably to his mind2   
and1 if we do not take hold of the      
religion which you white people teach1  
we shall be unhappy hereafter4 ,we are  
told that you have been preaching to the
 white people in this place4 ,these     
people are our neighbors4 ,we are       
acquainted with them4 ,we will wait a   
little while1 and see what effect your  
preaching has upon them4 ,if we find it 
does them good1 makes them honest1 and  
less disposed to cheat ,indians1 we will
 then consider again of what you have   
said4 ,brother1 you have now heard our  
answer to your talk1 and this is all we 
have to say at present4                 
,cram4                                  
,,xcv4                                  
,,partition ,,of ,,poland4  ,now1 sir1  
what was the conduct of your own allies 

to ,poland8 ,is there a single atrocity 
of the ,french1 in ,italy1 in           
,switzerland1 in ,egypt1 if you please1 
more unprincipled and inhuman than that 
of ,russia1 ,austria1 and ,prussia1 in  
,poland8 ,what has there been in the    
conduct of the ,french to foreign       
powers2 what in the violation of solemn 
treaties2 what in the plunder1          
devastation1 and dismemberment of       
unoffending countries2 what in the      
horrors and murders perpetrated upon the
 subdued victims of their rage in any   
district which they have overrun1 worse 
than the conduct of those three great   
powers in the miserable1 devoted1 and   
trampled-on kingdom of ,poland1 and who 
have been1 or are1 our allies in this   
war for religion and social order1 and  
the rights of nations8 ,oh6 but you     
regretted the partition of ,poland6     
,yes1 regretted6 ,you regretted the     
violence1 and that is all you did4 ,you 
united yourself with the actors2 you1 in
 fact1 by your acquiescence1 confirmed  

the atrocity4 ,but they are your allies2
 and though they overran and divided    
,poland1 there was nothing1 perhaps1 in 
the manner of doing it which stamped it 
with peculiar infamy and disgrace4 ,the 
hero of ,poland ,swarrow1 perhaps1 was  
merciful and mild6 ,he was as much      
superior to ,bonaparte in bravery1 and  
in the discipline which he maintained1  
as he was superior in virtue and        
humanity6  ,he was animated by the      
purest principles of ,christianity1 and 
was restrained in his career by the     
benevolent precepts which it inculcates6
 ,was he8 ,let unfortunate ,warsaw1 and 
the miserable inhabitant's of the suburb
 of ,praga in particular1 tell6 ,what do
 we understand to have been the conduct 
of this magnanimous hero1 with whom1 it 
seems1 ,bonaparte is not to be compared8
 ,he entered the suburb of ,praga1 the  
most populous suburb of ,warsaw2 and    
there he let his soldiery loose on the  
miserable1 unarmed1 and unresisting     
people4 ,men1 women1 and children1 nay1 

infants at the breast1 were doomed to   
one indiscriminate massacre4 ,thousands 
of them were inhumanly1 wantonly        
butchered6 ,and for what8 ,because they 
had dared to join in a wish to meliorate
 their own condition as a people1 and to
 improve their ,constitution1 which had 
been confessed by their own ,sovereign  
to be in want of amendment4 ,and such is
 the hero upon whom the cause of        
religion and social order is to repose6 
,and such is the man whom we praise for 
his discipline and his virtue1 and whom 
we hold out as our boast and our        
dependence2 while the conduct of        
,bonaparte unfits him to be even treated
 with as an enemy8                      
,c4 ,j4 ,fox4                           
,,xcvi4                                 
,,national ,,disgrace4  ,sir1 we may    
look in vain to the events of former    
times for a disgrace parallel to what we
 have suffered4 ,louis the ,fourteenth1 
a monarch often named in our debates1   
and whose reign exhibits more than any  

other the extremes of prosperous and of 
adverse fortune1 never1 in the midst of 
his most humiliating distresses1 stooped
 to so despicable a sacrifice of all    
that can be dear to man4 ,the war of the
 succession1 unjustly begun by him1 had 
reduced his power1 had swallowed up his 
armies and his navies1 had desolated his
 provinces1 had drained his treasures1  
and deluged the earth with the blood of 
the best and most faithful his subjects4
 ,exhausted by his various calamities1  
he offered his enemies at one time to   
relinquish all the objects for which he 
had begun the war4 ,that proud monarch  
sued for peace1 and was content to      
receive it from our moderation4 ,but    
when it was made a condition of that    
peace1 that he should turn his arms     
against his grandson1 and compel him by 
force to relinquish the throne of       
,spain1--humbled1 exhausted1 conquered  
as he was1 misfortune had not yet bowed 
his spirit to conditions so hard as     
these4  ,we know the event4 ,he         

persisted still in the war1 until the   
folly and wickedness of ,queen ,anne's  
ministers enabled him to conclude the   
peace of ,utrecht1 on terms considerably
 less disadvantageous even than those he
 had himself proposed4 ,and shall we1   
sir1 the pride of our age1 the terror of
 ,europe1 submit to this humiliating    
sacrifice of our honor8 ,have we        
suffered a defeat at ,blenheim8 ,shall  
we1 with our increasing prosperity1 our 
widely diffused capital1 our navy1 the  
just subject of our common exultation1  
ever-flowing coffers1 that enable us to 
give back to the people what1 in the    
hour of calamity1 we were compelled to  
take from them2 flushed with a recent   
triumph over ,spain1 and yet more than  
all1 while our old rival and enemy was  
incapable of disturbing us1 shall it be 
for us to yield to what ,france         
disdained in the hour of her sharpest   
distress1 and exhibit ourselves to the  
world1 the sole example in its annals of
 such an abject and pitiful degradation8

                                        
,c4 ,j4 ,fox4                           
,,xcvii4                              ,a
 ,,political ,,pause4  ,where1 then1    
sir1 is this war1 which is prolific of  
all these horrors1 to be carried8 ,where
 is it to stop8 ,not till we have       
established the house of ,bourbon6 ,or1 
at least1 not until we have had due     
experience of ,bonaparte's intentions6  
,and all this without an intelligible   
motive4 ,all this because you may gain a
 better peace a year or two hence6 ,so  
that we are called upon to go on merely 
as a speculation4 ,we must keep         
,bonaparte for some time longer at war1 
as a state of probation6 ,gracious ,god1
 sir6 is war a state of probation8 ,is  
peace a rash system8 ,is it dangerous   
for nations to live in amity with each  
other8 ,are your vigilance1 your police 
your common powers of observation1 to be
 extinguished by putting an end to the  
horrors of war8 ,cannot this state of   
probation be as well undergone without  

adding to the catalogue of human        
sufferings8  ,but we must pause6 says   
the honorable gentleman4 ,what6 must the
 bowels of ,great ,britain be torn out  
her best blood be spilled--her treasures
 wasted--that you may make an           
experiment8 ,put yourselves oh6 that you
 would put yourselves on the field of   
battle1 and learn to judge of the sort  
of horrors that you excite6 ,in former  
wars a man might1 at least1 have some   
feeling1 some interest1 that served to  
balance1 in his mind1 the impressions   
which a scene of carnage and of death   
must inflict4  ,if a man had been       
present at the battle of ,blenheim1 for 
instance1 and had inquired the motive of
 the battle1 there was not a soldier    
engaged who could not have satisfied his
 curiosity1 and even1 perhaps1 allayed  
his feelings4 ,they were fighting1 they 
knew1 to repress the uncontrolled       
ambition of the ,grand ,monarch4  ,but  
if a man were present now at the field  
of slaughter1 and were to inquire for   

what they were fighting--,fighting6     
would be the answer2 they aren't        
fighting2 they are pausing4 ,why is that
 man expiring8  ,why is that other      
writhing with agony8 ,what means this   
implacable fury8  ,the answer must be1  
,you are quite wrong1 sir1 you deceive  
yourself--they are not fighting1 do not 
disturb them they are merely pausing6   
,this man is not expiring with          
agony--that man is not dead he is only  
pausing6 ,lord help you1 sir6 they are  
not angry with one another2 they have   
now no cause of quarrel2 but their      
country thinks that there should be a   
pause4 ,all that you see1 sir1 is       
nothing like fighting--there is no harm1
 nor cruelty1 nor bloodshed in it1      
whatever3 it is nothing more than a     
political pause6 ,it is merely to try an
 experiment--to see whether ,bonaparte  
will not1 behave himself better than    
heretofore2 and in the mean time we have
 agreed to pause in pure friendship6    
,and is this the way1 sir1 that you are 

to show yourselves the advocates of     
order8 ,you take up a system calculated 
to uncivilize the world--to destroy     
order1--to trample on religion1--to     
stifle in the heart1 not merely the     
generosity of a noble sentiment1 but the
 affections of social nature2 and in the
 prosecution of this systems you spread 
terror and devastation all around you4  
,c4 ,j4 ,fox                            
,,xcviii4                               
,,washington',s ,,sword ,,and           
,,franklin',s ,,staff4  ,the ,sword of  
,washington6 ,the ,staff of ,franklin6  
,o1 sir1 what associations are linked in
 adamant with these names6 ,washington1 
whose sword was never drawn but in the  
cause of his country1 and never sheathed
 when wielded in his country's cause6   
,franklin1 the philosopher of the       
thunder-bolt1 the printing-press1 and   
the ploughshare6 ,what names are these  
in the scanty catalogue of the          
benefactors of human kind6 ,washington  
and ,franklin6 ,what other two men whose

 lives belong to the eighteenth century 
of ,christendom1 have left a deeper     
impression of themselves upon the age in
 which they lived1 and upon all         
after-time8 ,washington1 the warrior and
 the legislator6 ,in war1 contending1 by
 the wager of battle1 for the           
,independence of his country1 and for   
the freedom of the human race1--ever    
manifesting1 amidst its horrors1 by     
precept and by example1 his reverence   
for the laws of peace1 and for the      
tenderest sympathies of humanity2 in    
peace1 soothing the ferocious spirit of 
discord1 among his own countrymen1 into 
harmony and union1 and giving to that   
very sword1 now presented to his        
country1 a charm more potent than that  
attributed1 in ancient times1 to the    
lyre of ,orpheus4  ,franklin6 ,the      
mechanic of his own fortune2 teaching1  
in early youth1 under the shackles of   
indigence1 the way to wealth1 and1 in   
the shade of obscurity1 the path to     
greatness2 in the maturity of manhood1  

disarming the thunder of its terrors1   
the lightning of its fatal blast2 and   
wresting from the tyrant's hand the     
still more afflictive sceptre of        
oppression3 while descending the vale of
 years1 traversing the ,atlantic ,ocean1
 braving1 in the dead of winter1 the    
battle and the breeze1 bearing in his   
hand the ,charter of ,independence1     
which he had contributed to form1 and   
tendering1 from the self-created nation 
to the mightiest monarchs of ,europe1   
the olive-branch of peace1 the mercurial
 wand of commerce1 and the amulet of    
protection and safety to the man of     
peace1 on the pathless ocean1 from the  
inexorable cruelty and merciless        
rapacity of war4  ,and1 finally1 in the 
last stage of life1 with fourscore      
winters upon his head1 under the torture
 of an incurable disease1 returning to  
his native land1 closing his days as the
 chief magistrate of his adopted        
commonwealth1 after contributing by his 
counsels under the ,presidency of       

,washington1 and recording his name     
under the sanction of devout prayer     
invoked by him to ,god1--to that        
,constitution under the authority of    
which we are assembled1 as the          
,representatives of the ,north ,american
 ,people1 to receive1 in the name of    
them and for them1 these venerable      
relics of the wise1 the valiant1 and the
 good founders of our great confederated
 ,republic1 these sacred symbols of our 
golden age4 ,may they be deposited among
 the archives of our ,government6 ,and  
may every ,american1 who shall hereafter
 behold them1 ejaculate a mingled       
offering of praise to that ,supreme     
,ruler of the ,universe1 by whose tender
 mercies our ,union has been hitherto   
preserved1 through all the vicissitudes 
and revolutions of this turbulent world2
 and of prayer for the continuance of   
these blessings1 by the dispensations of
 ,providence to our beloved country1    
from age to age1 till time shall be no  
more6                                   

,j4 ,q4 ,adams4                         
,,xcix4                        ,,the    
,,right ,,of ,,petition ,,by ,,women4   
,the gentleman says that women have no  
right to petition on political subjects2
 that it is discreditable1 not only to  
their section of the country1 but also  
to the national character2 that these   
females could have a sufficient field   
for the exercise of their influence in  
the discharge of their duties to their  
fathers1 their husbands1 or their       
children--cheering the domestic circle1 
and shedding over it the mild radiance  
of the social virtues1 instead of       
rushing into the fierce struggles of    
political life4 ,i admit1 sir1 that it  
is their duty to attend to these things4
 ,i subscribe fully1 to the elegant     
compliment1 passed by him upon those    
members of the female sex who devote    
their time to these duties4 ,but ,i say 
that the correct principle is1 that     
women are not only justified1 but       
exhibit the most exalted virtue1 when   

they do depart from the domestic circle1
 and enter on the concerns of their     
country1 of humanity1 and of their ,god4
 ,the mere departure of woman from the  
duties of the domestic circle1 far from 
being a reproach to her1 is a virtue of 
the highest order1 when it is done from 
purity of motive1 by appropriate means1 
and towards a virtuous purpose4 ,that is
 the principle ,i maintain1 and which   
the gentleman has to refute1 if he      
applies the position he has taken to the
 mothers1 the sisters1 and the daughters
 of the men of my district who voted to 
send me here4 ,the motive1 the means1   
and the purpose of their petition will  
bear his scrutiny4  ,why1 sir1 what does
 the gentleman understand by political  
subjects8 ,everything in which this     
,house has an agency-everything which   
relates to peace and war1 or to any of  
the great interests of society4 ,are    
women to have no opinions or actions on 
subjects relating to the general        
welfare8 ,where did the gentleman get   

this principle8 ,did he find it in      
sacred history--in the language of      
,miriam the ,prophetess1 in one of the  
noblest and most sublime songs of       
triumph that ever met the human eye or  
ear8 ,did the gentleman never hear of   
the deed of ,jael1 who slew the dreaded 
enemy of her country8 ,has he forgotten 
,esther1 who1 by her petition saved her 
people and her country8 ,sir1 ,i might  
go through the whole sacred history1 and
 find innumerable examples of women1 who
 not only took an active part in the    
politics of their times1 but who are    
held up with honor to posterity for     
doing so4  ,to go from sacred history to
 profane1 does the gentleman there find 
it discreditable for women to take any  
interest or any part in political       
affairs8 ,has he forgotten the ,spartan 
mother1 who said to her son1 when going 
out to battle1 ,my son1 come back to me 
with thy shield1 or upon thy shield8    
,does he not remember ,cornelia1 the    
mother of the ,gracchi1 who declared    

that her children were her jewels8 ,and 
why8 ,because they were the champions of
 freedom4 ,has he not read of ,arria1   
who1 under imperial despotism1 when her 
husband was condemned to die by a       
tyrant1 plunged the sword into her own  
bosom1 and1 handing it to her husband1  
said1 ,take it1 ,ptus1 it does not hurt1
 and expired8  ,to come to a later      
period1 what names are more illustrious 
than that of ,elizabeth1 the great      
,british queen1 and that of ,isabella of
 ,castile1 the patroness of ,columbus1  
the virtual discoverer of this          
hemisphere1 for without her that        
discovery would not have been made8 ,did
 they bring discredit on their sex by   
mingling in politics8 ,and what were the
 women of the ,united ,states in the    
struggle of the ,revolution8 ,were they 
devoted exclusively to the duties and   
enjoyments of the fireside8 ,when the   
soldiers were destitute of clothing1 or 
sick1 or in prison1 from whence did     
relief come8 ,from the hearts where     

patriotism erects her favorite shrine1  
and from the hand which is seldom       
withdrawn when the soldier is in need4  
,the voice of our history speaks        
trumpet-tongued of the daring and       
intrepid spirit of patriotism burning in
 the bosoms of the ladies of that day   
,politics1 sir1 rushing into the vortex 
of politics6 ,they gloried in being     
called rebel ladies1 refusing to attend 
balls and entertainments1 but crowding  
to the hospitals and prison-ships6 ,and1
 sir1 is that spirit to be charged here1
 in this hall where we are sitting1 as  
being discreditable to our country's    
name8 ,so far from regarding such       
conduct as a national reproach1 ,i      
approve of it1 and glory in it4         
,j4 ,q4 ,adams4                         
,c4                             ,,value 
,,of ,,popularity4  ,,my ,lords1 ,i come
 now to speak upon what1 indeed1 ,i     
would have gladly avoided1 had ,i not   
been particularly pointed at for the    
part ,i have taken in this bill4 ,it has

 been said by a noble lord on my left   
hand1 that ,i1 likewise1 am running the 
race of popularity4 ,if the noble lord  
means by popularity1 that applause      
bestowed by after-ages on good and      
virtuous actions1 ,i have long been     
struggling in that race2 to what        
purpose1 all-trying time can alone      
determine3 but1 if the noble lord means 
that mushroom popularity which is raised
 without merit1 and lost without crime1 
he is much mistaken in his opinion4  ,i 
defy the noble lord to point out a      
single action of my life1 in which the  
popularity of the times ever had the    
smallest influence on my determinations4
 ,i have a more permanent and steady    
rule for my conduct1 the dictates of my 
own breast4 ,those that have foregone   
that pleasing adviser1 and given up     
their mind to be the slave of every     
popular impulse1 ,i sincerely pity3 ,i  
pity them still more1 if their vanity   
leads them to mistake the shouts of the 
mob for the trumpet of fame4 ,experience

 might inform them1 that many who have  
been saluted with the huzzahs of a crowd
 one day1 have received its execrations 
the next2 and many who by the popularity
 of their times1 have been held up as   
spotless patriots1 have1 nevertheless1  
appeared upon the historian's           
page1--when truth has triumphed over    
delusion1--the assassins of liberty4    
,true liberty1 in my opinion1 can only  
exist when justice is equally           
administered to all1--to the king and to
 the beggar4 ,where is the justice1     
then1 or where is the law1 that protects
 a member of ,parliament more than any  
other man from the punishment due to his
 crimes8 ,the laws of this country allow
 no place1 nor employment to be a       
sanctuary for crimes2 and where ,i have 
the honor to sit as judge1 neither royal
 favor1 nor popular applause shall ever 
protect the guilty4                     
,lord ,mansfield4                       
,,ci4                                   
,,scorn ,,to ,,be ,,slaves4  ,the voice 

of your father's blood cries to you from
 the ground1 ,my sons1 scorn to be      
slaves6 ,in vain we met the frowns of   
tyrants2 in vain we crossed the         
boisterous ocean1 found a new world1 and
 prepared it for the happy residence of 
liberty2 in vain we toiled2 in vain we  
fought2 we bled in vain1 if you1 our    
offspring1 want valor to repel the      
assaults of her invaders6 ,stain not the
 glory of your worthy ancestors2 but1   
like them1 resolve never to part with   
your birthright4 ,be wise in your       
deliberations1 and determined in your   
exertions for the preservation of your  
liberty4  ,follow not the dictates of   
passion1 but enlist yourselves under the
 sacred banner of reason2 use every     
method in your power to secure your     
rights2 at least1 prevent the curses of 
posterity from being heaped upon your   
memories4 ,if you1 with united zeal and 
fortitude1 oppose the torrent of        
oppression2 if you feel the true fire of
 patriotism burning in your breasts2 if 

you1 from your souls1 despise the most  
gaudy dress which slavery can wear2 if  
you really prefer the lonely cottage1   
while blessed with liberty1 to gilded   
palaces1 surrounded with the ensigns of 
slavery you may have the fullest        
assurance that tyranny with her whole   
accursed train1 will hide her hideous   
head in confusion1 shame1 and despair4  
,if you perform your part1 you must have
 the strongest confidence1 that the same
 ,almighty ,being1 who protected your   
pious1 and venerable forefathers1 who   
enabled them to turn a barren wilderness
 into a fruitful field1 who so often    
made bare ,his arm for their salvation1 
will still be mindful of their          
offspring4  ,may that ,almighty ,being  
graciously preside in all our councils4 
,may ,he direct us to such measures as  
,he himself shall approve1 and be       
pleased to bless4 ,may we be ever       
favored of ,god4 ,may our land be a land
 of liberty1 the seat of virtue1 the    
asylum of the oppressed1 a name and a   

praise in the whole earth1 until the    
last shock of time shall bury the       
empires of the world in undistinguished 
ruin4                                   
,j4 ,warren4                            
,,cii4                                  
,,loss ,,of ,,the ,,arctic4  ,it was    
autumn4 ,hundreds had wended their way  
from pilgrimages2 from ,rome and its    
treasures of dead art1 and its glory of 
living nature2 from the sides of the    
,switzer's mountains1 and from the      
capitals of various nations1 all of them
 saying in their hearts1 we will wait   
for the ,september gales to have done   
with their equinoctial fury1 and then we
 will embark2 we will slide across the  
appeased ocean1 and in the gorgeous     
month of ,october1 we will greet our    
longed-for native land1 and our         
heart-loved homes4  ,and so the throng  
streamed along from ,berlin1 from       
,paris1 from the ,orient1 converging    
upon ,london1 still hastening toward the
 welcome ship1 and narrowing every day  

the circle of engagements and           
preparations4 ,they crowded aboard4     
,never had the ,arctic borne such a host
 of passengers1 nor passengers so nearly
 related to so many of us4 ,the hour was
 come4 ,the signal-ball fell at         
,greenwich4 ,it was noon also at        
,liverpool4 ,the anchors were weighed2  
the great hull swayed to the current2   
the national colors streamed abroad1 as 
if themselves instinct with life and    
national sympathy4 ,the bell strikes2   
the wheels revolve2 the signal-gun beats
 its echoes1 in upon every structure    
along the shore1 and the ,arctic glides 
joyfully forth from the jersey1 and     
turns her prow to the winding channel1  
and begins her homeward run4 ,the pilot 
stood at the wheel1 and men saw him4    
,death sat upon the prow1 and no eye    
beheld him4 ,whoever stood at the wheel 
in all the voyage1 ,death was the pilot 
that steered the craft1 and none knew   
it4 ,he neither revealed his presence   
nor whispered his errand4  ,and so hope 

was effulgent1 and little gayety        
disported itself1 and joy was with every
 guest4 ,amid all the inconveniences of 
the voyage1 there was still that which  
hushed every murmur1--,home is not far  
away4 ,and every morning it was still   
one night nearer home6 ,eight days had  
passed4 ,they beheld that distant bank  
of mist that forever haunts the vast    
shallows of ,newfoundland4 ,boldly they 
made it2 and plunging in1 its pliant    
wreaths wrapped them about4 ,they shall 
never emerge4 ,the last sunlight has    
flashed from that deck4 ,the last voyage
 is done to ship and passengers4 ,at    
noon there came noiselessly stealing    
from the north that fated instrument of 
destruction4 ,in that mysterious shroud1
 that vast atmosphere of mist1 both     
steamers were holding their way with    
rushing prow and roaring wheels1 but    
invisible4  ,at a league's distance1    
unconscious1 and at nearer approach1    
unwarned2 within hail1 and bearing right
 towards each other1 unseen1 unfelt1    

till in a moment more1 emerging from the
 gray mists1 the ill-omened ,vesta dealt
 her deadly stroke to the ,arctic4 ,the 
death-blow was scarcely felt along the  
mighty hull4 ,she neither reeled nor    
shivered4 ,neither commander nor        
officers seemed that they had suffered  
harm4 ,prompt upon humanity the brave   
,luce 7let his name be ever spoken with 
admiration and respect7 ordered away his
 boat with the first officer to inquire 
if the stranger had suffered harm4 ,as  
,gourley went over the ship's side1 oh1 
that some good angel had called to the  
brave commander in the words of ,paul on
 a like occasion1 ,except these abide in
 the ship1 ye cannot be saved4  ,they   
departed1 and with them the hope of the 
ship1 for now the waters gaining upon   
the hold and rising upon the fires1     
revealed the mortal blow4 ,oh1 had now  
that stern1 brave mate1 ,gourley1 been  
on deck1 whom the sailors were wont to  
mind--had he stood to execute           
sufficiently the commander's will--we   

may believe that we should not have had 
to blush for the cowardice and recreancy
 of the crew1 nor weep for the untimely 
dead4 ,but1 apparently1 each subordinate
 officer lost all presence of mind1 then
 courage1 and so honor4 ,in a wild      
scramble1 that ignoble mob of firemen1  
engineers1 waiters1 and crew1 rushed for
 the boats1 and abandoned the helpless  
women1 children1 and men to the mercy of
 the deep6 ,four hours there were from  
the catastrophe of collision to the     
catastrophe of sinking6  ,oh1 what a    
burial was here6 ,not as when one is    
borne from his home1 among weeping      
throngs1 and gently carried to the green
 fields1 and laid peacefully beneath the
 turf and the flowers4 ,no priest stood 
to pronounce a burial-service4 ,it was  
an ocean grave4 ,the mists alone        
shrouded the burial-place4 ,no spade    
prepared the grave1 nor sexton filled up
 the hollowed earth4 ,down1 down they   
sank1 and the quick returning waters    
smoothed out every ripple1 and left the 

sea as if it had not been4              
,h4 ,w4 ,beecher4                       
,,ciii4                       ,,the     
,,glory ,,and ,,grandeur ,,of ,,peace4  
,whatever may be the judgment of poets1 
of moralist1 of satirists1 or even of   
soldiers1 it is certain that the glory  
of arms still exercises no mean         
influence over the minds of men4 ,the   
art of war1 which has been happily      
termed by a ,french divine1 the baleful 
art by which men learn to exterminate   
one another1 is yet held even among     
,christians1 to be an honorable pursuit2
 and the animal courage1 which it       
stimulates and develops1 is prized as a 
transcendent virtue4 ,it will be for    
another age1 and a higher civilization1 
to appreciate the more exalted character
 of the art of benevolence1 the art of  
extending happiness and all good        
influences1 by word or deed1 to the     
largest number of mankind1 which1 in    
blessed contrast with the misery1 the   
degradation1 the wickedness of war1     

shall shine resplendent1 the true       
grandeur of peace4 ,all then will be    
willing to join with the early poet in  
saying1 at least1       ,through louder 
fame attend the martial rage1      ',t  
is greater glory to reform the age4     
,then shall the soul thrill with a      
nobler heroism than that of battle4     
,peaceful industry1 with untold         
multitudes of cheerful and beneficent   
laborers1 shall be its gladsome token4  
,literature1 full of sympathy and       
comfort for the heart of man1 shall     
appear in garments of purer glory than  
she has yet assumed4 ,science shall     
extend the bounds of knowledge and power
 adding unimaginable strength to the    
hands of man1 opening innumerable       
resources in the earth1 and revealing   
new secrets and harmonies in the skies4 
,art1 elevated and refined1 shall lavish
 fresh streams of beauty and grace4     
,charity1 in streams of milk and honey1 
shall diffuse itself among all the      
habitations of the world4  ,does any one

 ask for the signs of this approaching  
era8 ,the increasing beneficence and    
intelligence of our own day1 the        
broad-spread sympathy with human        
suffering1 the widening thoughts of men1
 the longings of the heart for a higher 
condition on earth1 the unfulfilled     
promises of ,christian progress1 are the
 auspicious auguries of this happy      
future4 ,as early voyagers over untried 
realms of waste1 we have already        
observed the signs of land4 ,the green  
twig and fresh red berry have floated by
 our bark2 the odors of the shore fan   
our faces2 nay1 we may seem to descry   
the distant gleam of light1 and hear    
from the more earnest observers1 as     
,columbus heard1 after midnight1 from   
the mast-head of the ,pinta1 the joyful 
cry of ,land6 ,land6 and lo6 a new world
 broke upon his early morning gaze4     
,c4 ,sumner4                            
,,civ4                        ,,ancient 
,,and ,,modern ,,productions4  ,the     
classics possess a peculiar charm1 from 

the circumstance that they have been the
 models1 ,i might almost say the        
masters1 of composition and thought1 in 
all ages4 ,in the contemplation of these
 august teachers of mankind1 we are     
filled with conflicting emotions4 ,they 
are the early voice of the world1 better
 remembered and more cherished still    
than all the intermediate words that    
have been uttered1 as the lessons of    
childhood still haunt us when the       
impressions of later years have been    
effaced from the mind4 ,but they show   
with most unwelcome frequency the tokens
 of the world's childhood1 before       
passion had yielded to the sway of      
reason and the affections4 ,they want   
the highest charm of purity1 of         
righteousness1 of elevated sentiments1  
of love to ,god and man4 ,it is not in  
the frigid philosophy of the porch and  
academy that we are to seek these2 not  
in the marvelous teachings of ,socrates1
 as they come mended by the mellifluous 
words of ,plato2 not in the resounding  

line of ,homer1 on whose inspiring tale 
of blood ,alexander pillowed his head2  
not in the animated strain of ,pindar1  
where virtue is pictured in the         
successful strife of an athlete at the  
,isthmian games2 not in the torrent of  
,demosthenes1 dark with self-love and   
the spirit of vengeance2 not in the     
fitful philosophy and intemperate       
eloquence of ,tully2 not in the genial  
libertinism of ,horace1 or the stately  
atheism of ,lucretius4 ,no6 these must  
not be our masters2 in none of these are
 we to seek the way of life4 ,for       
eighteen hundred years the spirit of    
these writers has been engaged in       
weaponless contest with the ,sermon on  
the ,mount1 and those two sublime       
commandments on which hang all the law  
and the prophets4 ,the strife is still  
pending4 ,heathenism1 which has         
possessed itself of such siren forms1 is
 not yet exorcised4 ,it still tempts the
 young1 controls the affairs of active  
life1 and haunts the meditations of age4

  ,our own productions1 though they may 
yield to those of the ancients in the   
arrangement of ideas1 in method1 in     
beauty of form1 and in freshness of     
illustration1 are immeasurably superior 
in the truth1 delicacy1 all elevation of
 their sentiments1--above all1 in the   
benign recollection of that great       
,christian revelation1 the brotherhood  
of man4 ,how vain are eloquence and     
poetry compared with this               
heaven-descended truth6 ,put in one     
scale that simple utterance1 and in the 
other the lore of antiquity1 with its   
accumulating glosses and commentaries1  
and the last will be light and trivial  
in the balance4 ,greek poetry has been  
likened to the song of the nightingale  
as she sits in the rich1 symmetrical    
crown of the palm-tree1 trilling her    
thick-warbled notes2 but even this is   
less sweet and tender than the music of 
the human heart4                        
,c4 ,sumner4                            
,,cv4                       ,,the       

,,abolition ,,of ,,the ,,slave ,,trade4 
,why ought the slave trade to be        
abolished8 ,because it is incurable     
injustice6 ,how much stronger1 then1 is 
the argument for immediate than gradual 
abolition6 ,by allowing it to continue  
even for one hour1 do not my right      
honorable friends weaken--do they not   
desert their own arguments of its       
injustice8 ,if on the ground of         
injustice it ought to be abolished at   
last1 why ought it not now8 ,why is     
injustice to be suffered to remain for a
 single hour8  ,i know of no evil that  
ever has existed1 nor can imagine any   
evil to exist1 worse than the tearing of
 eighty thousands persons annually from 
their native land1 by a combination of  
the most civilized nations in the most  
enlightened quarter of the globe2 but   
more especially by that nation which    
calls herself the most free and the most
 happy of them all4 ,even if these      
miserable beings were proved guilty of  
every crime before you take them off of 

which however not a single proof is     
adduced ought we to take upon ourselves 
the office of executioners8 ,and even if
 we condescend so far1 still can we be  
justified in taking them1 unless we have
 clear proof that they are criminals8   
,i have shown how great is the enormity 
of this evil1 even on the supposition   
that we take only convicts and prisoners
 of war4 ,but take the subject in the   
other way2 take it on the grounds stated
 by the right honorable gentleman over  
the way1 and how does it stand8 ,think  
of eighty thousand persons carried away 
out of their country1 by we know not    
what means1 for crimes imputed2 for     
light or inconsiderable faults2 for     
debt1 perhaps2 for the crime of         
witchcraft2 or a thousand other weak and
 scandalous pretexts1 besides all the   
fraud and kidnapping1 the villainies and
 perfidy1 by which the slave trade is   
supplied4 ,reflect on these eighty      
thousand persons thus annually taken    
off6 ,there is something in the horror  

of it1 that surpasses all the bounds of 
imagination4 ,admitting that there      
exists in ,africa something like to     
courts of justice2 yet what an office of
 humiliation and meanness is it in us1  
to take upon ourselves to carry into    
execution the partial1 the cruel1       
iniquitous sentences of such courts1 as 
if we also were strangers to all        
religion1 and to the first principles of
 justice4  ,but that country1 it is     
said1 has been in some degree civilized1
 and civilized by us4 ,it is said they  
have gained some knowledge of the       
principles of justice4 ,what sir1 have  
they gained the principles of justice   
from us8 ,is their civilization brought 
about by us6 ,yes1 we give them enough  
of our intercourse to convey to them the
 means1 and to initiate them in the     
study of mutual destruction4 ,we give   
them just enough of the forms of justice
 to enable them to add the pretext of   
legal trials to their other modes of    
perpetuating the most atrocious         

iniquity4 ,we give them just enough of  
,european improvements1 to enable them  
the more effectually to turn ,africa    
into a ravaged wilderness4 ,but ,i      
refrain from attempting to enumerate    
half the dreadful consequences of this  
system4 ,do you think nothing of the    
ruin and the miseries in which so many  
other individuals1 still remaining in   
,africa1 are involved in consequence of 
carrying off so many myriads of people8 
,do you think nothing of their families 
which are left behind2 of the           
connections which are broken2 of the    
friendships1 attachments1 and           
relationships which are burst asunder8  
,do you think nothing of the miseries in
 consequence1 that are felt from        
generation to generation2 of the        
privation of that happiness which might 
be communicated to them by the          
introduction of civilization1 and of    
mental and moral improvement8 ,a        
happiness which you withhold from them  
so long as you permit the slave trade to

 continue4  ,how shall we hope to       
obtain1 if it be possible1 forgiveness  
from ,heaven for these enormous evils we
 have committed1 if we refuse to make   
use of those means which the mercy of   
,providence hath still reserved for us1 
for wiping away the guilt and shame with
 which we are now covered4 ,if we refuse
 even this degree of compensation2 if1  
knowing the miseries we have caused1 we 
refuse even now to put a stop to them1  
how greatly aggravated will be the guilt
 of ,great ,britain6 and what a blot    
will these transactions forever be in   
the history of this country6 ,shall we1 
then1 delay to repair these injuries1   
and to begin rendering justice to       
,africa8 ,shall we not count the days   
and hours that are suffered to          
intervene1 and to delay the             
accomplishment of such a work8 ,reflect 
what an immense object is before you2   
what an object for a nation to have in  
view1 and to have a prospect1 under the 
favor of ,providence1 of being now      

permitted to attain6 ,i think the ,house
 will agree with me in cherishing the   
ardent wish to enter without delay upon 
the measures necessary for these great  
ends2 and ,i am sure that the immediate 
abolition of the slave trade is the     
first1 the principal the most           
indispensable act of policy1 of duty1   
and of justice1 that the ,legislature of
 this country has to take1 if it is     
indeed their wish to secure those       
important objects to which ,i have      
alluded1 and which we are bound to      
pursue by the most solemn obligations4  
,w4 ,pitt4                              
,,cvi4                             ,,let
 ,,there ,,be ,,light4  ,from her       
earliest colonial history1 the policy of
 ,massachusetts has been to develop the 
minds of all her people1 and to imbue   
them with the principles of duty1 ,to do
 this work most effectually1 she has    
begun with the young4 ,if she would     
continue to mount higher and higher     
towards the summit of prosperity1 she   

must continue the means by which her    
present elevation has been gained4 ,in  
doing this1 she will not only exercise  
the noblest prerogative of government1  
but will coperate with the ,almighty in 
one of his sublimest works4  ,the ,greek
 rhetorician1 ,longinus1 quotes from the
 ,mosaic account of the creation what he
 calls the sublimest passage ever       
uttered3 ,god said1 ',let there be      
light1' and there was light4 ,from the  
centre of black immensity effulgence    
burst forth4 ,above1 beneath1 on every  
side1 its radiance streamed out1 silent1
 yet making each spot in the vast       
concave brighter than the line which the
 lightning pencils upon the midnight    
cloud4 ,darkness fled as the swift beams
 spread onward and outward1 in an       
unending circumfusion of splendor4      
,onward and outwards still they move to 
this day1 glorifying1 through wider and 
wider regions of space1 the infinite    
,author from whose power and beneficence
 they sprang4 ,but not only in the      

beginning1 when ,god created the heavens
 and the earth1 did he say1 ,let there  
be light4 ,whenever a human soul is born
 into the world1 its ,creator stands    
over it1 and again pronounces the same  
sublime words1 ,let there be light4     
,magnificent1 indeed1 was the material  
creation1 when1 suddenly blazing forth  
in mid space1 the new-born sun dispelled
 the darkness of the ancient night4 ,but
 infinitely more magnificent is it when 
the human soul rays forth its subtler   
and swifter beams2 when the light of the
 senses irradiates all outward things1  
revealing the beauty of their colors1   
and the exquisite symmetry of their     
proportions and forms2 when the light of
 reason penetrates to their invisible   
properties and laws1 and displays all   
those hidden relations that make up all 
the sciences2 when the light of         
conscience illuminates the moral world1 
separating truth from error1 and virtue 
from vice4 ,the light of the            
newly-kindled sun1 indeed1 was glorious4

 ,it struck upon all the planets1 and   
waked into existence their myriad       
capacities of life and joy4 ,as it      
rebounded from them1 and showed their   
vast orbs all wheeling1 circle beyond   
circle1 in their stupendous courses1 the
 sons of ,god shouted for joy4 ,that    
light sped onward1 beyond ,sirius1      
beyond the pole-star1 beyond ,orion and 
the ,pleiades1 and is still spreading   
onward into the abysses of space4 ,but  
the light of the human soul flies       
swifter than the light of the sun1 and  
outshines its meridian blaze4 ,it can   
embrace not only the sun of our system1 
but all suns and galaxies of suns2 aye6 
the soul is capable of knowing and of   
enjoying ,him who created the suns      
themselves2 and when these starry       
lustres that now glorify the firmament  
shall wax dim1 and fade away like a     
wasted taper1 the light of the soul     
shall still remain2 nor time1 nor cloud1
 nor any power but its own perversity1  
shall ever quench its brightness4 ,again

 ,i would say that whenever a human soul
 is born into the world1 ,god stands    
over it1 and pronounces the same sublime
 fiat1 ,let there be light6 ,and may the
 time soon come1 when all human         
governments shall coperate with the     
divine government in carrying this      
benediction and baptism into            
fulfillment4                            
,h4 ,mann4                              
,,cvii4                                 
,,true ,,eloquence4  ,when public bodies
 are to be addressed on momentous       
occasions1 when great interests are at  
stake1 and strong passions excited1     
nothing is valuable in speech farther   
than as it is connected with high       
intellectual and moral endowments4      
,clearness1 force1 and earnestness are  
the qualities which produce conviction4 
,true eloquence1 indeed1 does not       
consist in speech4 ,it cannot be brought
 from far4 ,labor and learning may toil 
for it1 but they will toil in vain4     
,words and phrases may be marshalled in 

every way1 but they cannot compass it4  
,it must exist in the man1 in the       
subject1 and in the occasion4 ,affected 
passion1 intense expression1 the pomp of
 declamation1 all may aspire to it2 they
 cannot reach it4 ,it comes1 if it come 
at all1 like the outbreaking of a       
fountain from the earth1 or the bursting
 forth of volcanic fires1 with          
spontaneous1 original1 native force4    
,the graces taught in the schools1 the  
costly ornaments and studied            
contrivances of speech1 shock and       
disgust men1 when their own lives1 and  
the fate of their wives1 their children1
 and their country hang on the decision 
of the hour4 ,then words have lost their
 power1 rhetoric is vain1 and all       
elaborate oratory contemptible4 ,even   
genius itself then feels rebuked and    
subdued1 as in the presence of higher   
qualities4 ,then patriotism is eloquent2
 then self-devotion is eloquent4 ,the   
clear conception1 outrunning the        
deductions of logic1 the high purpose1  

the firm resolve1 the dauntless spirit1 
speaking on the tongue1 beaming from the
 eye1 informing every feature1 and      
urging the whole man onward1 right      
onward to his object--this1 this is     
eloquence2 or rather it is something    
greater and higher than all eloquence1  
it is action1 noble1 sublime1 godlike   
action4                                 
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cviii4                       ,,south  
,,carolina ,,and ,,massachusetts4  ,the 
eulogium pronounced by the honorable    
gentleman on the character of the ,state
 of ,south ,carolina1 for her           
,revolutionary and other merits1 meets  
my hearty concurrence4 ,i shall not     
acknowledge that the honorable member   
goes before me in regard for whatever of
 distinguished talent1 or distinguished 
character1 ,south ,carolina has         
produced4 ,i claim part of the honor1 ,i
 partake in the pride1 of her great     
names4 ,i claim them for countrymen1 one
 and all1--the ,laurenses1 the          

,rutledges1 the ,pinckneys1 the         
,sumters1 the ,marions1--,americans all1
 whose fame is no more to be hemmed in  
by ,state lines1 than their talents and 
patriotism were capable of being        
circumscribed within the same narrow    
limits4  ,in their day and generation1  
they served and honored the country1 and
 the whole country2 and their renown is 
of the treasures of the whole country4  
,him whose honored name the gentleman   
himself bears1--does he esteem me less  
capable of gratitude for his patriotism1
 or sympathy for his sufferings1 than if
 his eyes had first opened upon the     
light of ,massachusetts1 instead of     
,south ,carolina8 ,sir1 does he suppose 
it in his power to exhibit a ,carolina  
name so bright as to produce envy in my 
bosom8 ,no1 sir1 increased gratification
 and delight1 rather4 ,i thank ,god1    
that1 if ,i am gifted with little of the
 spirit which is able to raise mortals  
to the skies1 ,i have yet none1 as ,i   
trust1 of that other spirit1 which would

 drag angels down4  ,when ,i shall be   
found1 sir1 in my place here in the     
,senate1 or elsewhere1 to sneer at      
public merit1 because it happens to     
spring up beyond the little limits of my
 own ,state or neighborhood2 when ,i    
refuse1 for any such cause1 or for any  
cause1 the homage due to ,american      
talent1 to elevated patriotism1 to      
sincere devotion to liberty and the     
country2 or1 if ,i see an uncommon      
endowment of ,heaven1--if ,i see        
extraordinary capacity and virtue1 in   
any son of the ,south1 and if1 moved by 
local prejudice or gangrened by ,state  
jealousy1 ,i get up here to abate the   
tithe of a hair from his just character 
and just fame1 may my tongue cleave to  
the roof my mouth6  ,sir1 let me recur  
to pleasing recollections1 let me       
indulge in refreshing remembrance of the
 past2 let me remind you that1 in early 
times1 no ,states cherished greater     
harmony1 both of principle and feeling1 
than ,massachusetts and ,south          

,carolina4 ,would to ,god that harmony  
might again return6 ,shoulder to        
shoulder they went through the          
revolution1 hand in hand they stood     
round the administration of ,washington1
 and felt his own great arm lean on them
 for support4 ,unkind feeling1 if it    
exist1 alienation and distrust are the  
growth1 unnatural to such soils1 of     
false principles since sown4 ,they are  
weeds1 the seeds of which that same     
great arm never scattered4  ,mr4        
,president1 ,i shall enter on no        
encomium upon ,massachusetts2 she needs 
none4 ,there she is4 ,behold her1 and   
judge for yourselves4 ,there is her     
history2 the world knows it by heart4   
,the past1 at least1 is secure4 ,there  
is ,boston1 and ,concord1 and           
,lexington1 and ,bunker ,hill2 and there
 they will remain forever4 ,the bones of
 her sons1 fallen in the great struggle 
for ,independence1 now lie mingled with 
the soil of every ,state1 from ,new     
,england to ,georgia2 and there they    

will lie forever4  ,and1 sir1 where     
,american ,liberty raised its first     
voice1 and where its youth was nurtured 
and sustained1 there it still lives1 in 
the strength of its manhood1 and full of
 its original spirit4 ,if discord and   
disunion shall wound it2 if party strife
 and blind ambition shall hawk at and   
tear it2 if folly and madness1 if       
uneasiness under salutary and necessary 
restraint1 shall succeed in separating  
it from that ,union1 by which alone its 
existence is made sure1 it will stand1  
in the end1 by the side of that cradle  
in which its infancy was rocked2 it will
 stretch forth its arm with whatever of 
vigor it may still retain over the      
friends who gather round it2 and it will
 fall at last1 if fall it must1 amid the
 proudest monuments of its own glory1   
and on the very spot of its origin4     
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cix4                                  
,,african ,,slave ,,trade4  ,i deem it  
my duty on this occasion to suggest1    

that the land is not yet wholly free    
from the contamination of a traffic1 at 
which every feeling of humanity must    
forever revolt1--,i mean the ,african   
slave trade4 ,neither public sentiment1 
nor the law1 has hitherto been able     
entirely to put an end to this odious   
and abominable trade4 ,at the moment    
when ,god in his mercy has blessed the  
,christian world with a universal peace1
 there is reason to fear1 that1 to the  
disgrace of the ,christian name and     
character1 new efforts are making for   
the extension of this trade by subjects 
and citizens of ,christian ,states1 in  
whose hearts there dwell no sentiments  
of humanity or of justice1 and over whom
 neither the fear of ,god nor the fear  
of man exercises a control4 ,in the     
sight of our law1 the ,african slave    
trader is a pirate and a felon2 and in  
the sight of ,heaven1 an offender far   
beyond the ordinary depth of human      
guilt4 ,there is no brighter page of our
 history1 than that which records the   

measures which have been adopted by the 
government at an early day and at       
different times since1 for the          
suppression of this traffic2 and ,i     
would call on all the true sons of ,new 
,england to coperate with the laws of   
man1 and the justice of ,heaven4 ,if    
there be1 within the extent of our      
knowledge or influence1 any             
participation in this traffic1 let us   
pledge ourselves here1 upon the rock of 
,plymouth1 to extirpate and destroy it4 
,it is not fit that the land of the     
,pilgrims should bear the shame longer4 
,i hear the sound of the hammer1 ,i see 
the smoke of the furnaces where manacles
 and fetters are still forged for human 
limbs4 ,i see the visages of those who  
by stealth and at midnight labor in this
 work of hell1 foul and dark1 as may    
become the artificers of such           
instruments of misery and torture4 ,let 
that spot be purified1 or let it cease  
to be of ,new ,england4 ,let it be      
purified1 or let it be set aside from   

the ,christian world2 let it be put out 
of the circle of human sympathies and   
human regards1 and let civilized man    
henceforth have no communion with it4   
,i would invoke those who fill the seats
 of justice1 and all who minister at her
 altar1 that they execute the wholesome 
and necessary severity of the law4 ,i   
invoke the ministers of our religion1   
that they proclaim its denunciation of  
these crimes1 and add its solemn        
sanctions to the authority of human     
laws4 ,if the pulpit be silent whenever 
or wherever there may be a sinner bloody
 with this guilt within the hearing of  
its voice1 the pulpit is false to its   
trust4 ,i call on the fair merchant1 who
 has reaped his harvest upon the seas1  
that he assist in scourging from those  
seas the worst pirates that ever        
infested them4 ,that ocean1 which seems 
to wave with a gentle magnificence to   
waft the burden of an honest commerce1  
and to roll along its treasures with a  
conscious pride1 that ocean1 which hardy

 industry regards1 even when the winds  
have ruffled its surface1 as a field of 
grateful toil1--what is it to the victim
 of this oppression1 when he is brought 
to its shores1 and looks forth upon it1 
for the first time1 loaded with chains1 
and bleeding with stripes8 ,what is it  
to him but a wide-spread prospect of    
suffering1 anguish and death8 ,nor do   
the skies smile longer1 nor is the air  
longer fragrant to him4 ,the sun is cast
 down from heaven4 ,an inhuman and      
accursed traffic has cut him off in his 
manhood1 or in his youth1 from every    
enjoyment belonging to his being1 and   
every blessing which his ,creator       
intended for him4  ,the ,christian      
communities send forth their emissaries 
of religion and letters1 who stop1 here 
and there1 along the coast of the vast  
continent of ,africa1 and with painful  
and tedious efforts make some almost    
imperceptible progress in the           
communication of knowledge1 and in the  
general improvement of the natives who  

are immediately about them4 ,not thus   
slow and imperceptible is the           
transmission of the vices and bad       
passions which the subjects of          
,christian ,states carry to the land4   
,the slave trade having touched the     
coast1 its influence and its evils      
spread1 like a pestilence1 over the     
whole continent1 making savage wars more
 savage and more frequent1 and adding   
new and fierce passions to the contests 
of barbarians4  ,i pursue this topic no 
further1 except again to say1 that all  
,christendom1 being now blessed with    
peace1 is bound by everything which     
belongs to its character1 and to the    
character of the present age1 to put a  
stop to this inhuman and disgraceful    
traffic4                                
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cx4  ,,supposed ,,speech ,,of ,,john  
,,adams ,,in ,,favor ,,of ,,the         
,,declaration ,,of ,,independence4      
,sink or swim1 live or die1 survive or  
perish1 ,i give my hand and my heart to 

this vote4 ,it is true1 indeed1 that in 
the beginning1 we aimed not at          
independence4 ,but there's a ,divinity  
which shapes our ends4 ,the injustice of
 ,england has driven us to arms2 and1   
blinded to her own interest1 for our    
good1 she has obstinately persisted1    
till independence is now within our     
grasp4 ,we have but to reach forth to   
it1 and it is ours4 ,why1 then1 should  
we defer the ,declaration8 ,is any man  
so weak as now to hope for a            
reconciliation with ,england1 which     
shall leave either safety to the country
 and its liberties1 or safety to his own
 life1 and his own honor8 ,are not you1 
sir1 who sit in that chair1--is not he1 
our venerable colleague1 near you1 are  
you not both already the proscribed and 
predestined objects of punishment and   
vengeance8 ,cut off from all hope of    
royal clemency what are you1 what can   
you be1 while the power of ,england     
remains1 but outlaws8  ,if we postpone  
independence1 do we mean to carry on1 or

 to give up1 the war8 ,do we mean to    
submit to the measures of ,parliament1  
,boston ,port ,bill and all8 ,do we mean
 to submit1 and consent that we         
ourselves shall be ground to powder1 and
 our ,country and its rights trodden    
down in the dust8 ,i know we do not mean
 to submit4 ,we never shall submit4 ,do 
we intend to violate that most solemn   
obligation ever entered into by men1    
that plighting1 before ,god1 of our     
sacred honor to ,washington1 when       
putting him forth to incur the dangers  
of war1 as well as the political hazards
 of the times1 we promised to adhere to 
him1 in every extremity1 with our       
fortunes and our lives8 ,i know there is
 not a man here1 who would not rather   
see a general conflagration sweep over  
the land1 or an earthquake sink it1 than
 one jot or tittle of that plighted     
faith fall to the ground4 ,for myself1  
having1 twelve months ago1 in this      
place1 moved you1 that ,george          
,washington be appointed commander of   

the forces1 raised1 or to be raised1 for
 the defence of ,american liberty1 may  
my right hand forget her cunning1 and my
 tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth  
if ,i hesitate or waver in the support  
,i give him4  ,the war1 then1 must go   
on4 ,we must fight it through4 ,and1 if 
the war must go on1 why put off longer  
the ,declaration of ,independence8 ,that
 measure will strengthen us2 it will    
give us character abroad4 ,the nations  
will then treat with us1 which they     
never can do while we acknowledge       
ourselves subjects1 in arms against our 
sovereign4 ,nay1 ,i maintain that       
,england her self will sooner treat for 
peace with us on the footing of         
independence1 than consent1 by repealing
 her acts1 to acknowledge that her whole
 conduct towards us has been a course of
 injustice and oppression4 ,her pride   
will be less wounded1 by submitting to  
that course of things which now         
predestinates our independence than by  
yielding the points in controversy to   

her rebellious subjects4 ,the former she
 would regard as the result of fortune2 
the latter she would feel as her own    
deep disgrace4 ,why then1 why then1 sir1
 do we not as soon as possible change   
this from a civil to a national war8    
,and since we must fight it through1 why
 not put ourselves in a state to enjoy  
all the benefits of victory if we gain  
the victory8                            
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxi4                                  
,,the ,,same ,,concluded4  ,if we fail1 
it can be no worse for us4 ,but we shall
 not fail4 ,the cause will raise up     
armies2 the cause will create navies4   
,the people1 the people1 if we are true 
to them1 will carry us and will carry   
themselves1 gloriously through this     
struggle4 ,i care not how fickle other  
people have been found4 ,i know the     
people of these ,colonies1 and ,i know  
that resistance to ,british aggression  
is deep and settled in their hearts1 and
 cannot be eradicated4 ,every ,colony1  

indeed1 has expressed its willingness to
 follow1 if we but take the lead4 ,sir1 
the ,declaration will inspire the people
 with increased courage4 ,instead of a  
long and bloody war for restoration of  
privileges1 for redress of grievances1  
for chartered immunities1 held under a  
,british king1 set before them the      
glorious object of entire independence1 
and it will breathe into them anew the  
breath of life4 ,read this ,declaration 
at the head of the army2 every sword    
will be drawn from its scabbard1 and the
 solemn vow uttered1 to maintain it1 or 
to perish on the bed of honor4 ,publish 
it from the pulpit2 religion will       
approve it1 and the love of religious   
liberty will cling round it1 resolved to
 stand with it1 or fall with it4 ,send  
it to the public halls2 proclaim it     
there2 let them hear it1 who heard the  
first roar of the enemy's cannon2 let   
them see it1 who saw their brothers and 
their sons fall on the field of ,bunker 
,hill1 and in the streets of ,lexington 

and ,concord1 and the very walls will   
cry out in its support4  ,sir1 ,i know  
the uncertainty of human affairs2 but ,i
 see1 ,i see dearly through this day's  
business4 ,you and ,i1 indeed1 may run  
it4 ,we may not live to the time when   
this ,declaration shall be made good4   
,we may die2 die colonists2 die slaves2 
die1 it may be1 ignominiously and on the
 scaffold4 ,be it so4 ,be it so4 ,if it 
be the pleasure of ,heaven1 that my     
country shall require the poor offering 
of my life1 the victim shall be ready at
 the appointed hour of sacrifice1 come  
when that hour may4 ,but1 while ,i do   
live1 let me have a country1 or at least
 the hope of a country1 and that a free 
country4  ,but1 whatever may be our     
fate1 be assured1 be assured1 that this 
,declaration will stand4 ,it may cost   
treasure1 and it may cost blood2 but it 
will stand1 and it will richly          
compensate for both4 ,through the thick 
gloom of the present1 ,i see the        
brightness of the future1 as the sun in 

heaven4 ,we shall make this a glorious1 
an immortal day4 ,when we are in our    
graves1 our children will honor it4     
,they will celebrate it1 with           
thanksgiving1 with festivity1 with      
bonfires1 and illuminations4 ,on its    
annual return1 they will shed tears1    
copious1 gushing tears1 not of          
subjection and slavery1 not of agony and
 distress1 but of exultation1 of        
gratitude1 and of joy4  ,sir1 before    
,god1 ,i believe the hour is come4 ,my  
judgment approves this measure1 and my  
whole heart is in it4 ,all that ,i have1
 and all that ,i am1 and all that ,i    
hope1 in this life1 ,i am now ready here
 to stake upon it2 and ,i leave off1 as 
,i begun1 that1 live or die1 survive or 
perish1 ,i am for the ,declaration4 ,it 
is my living sentiment1 and1 by the     
blessing of ,god1 it shall be my dying  
sentiment1--,independence now2 and      
,independence ,forever6                 
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxii4                   ,,influence   

,,of ,,the ,,character ,,of             
,,washington4  ,america has furnished to
 the world the character of ,washington6
 ,and if our ,american institutions had 
done nothing else1 that alone would have
 entitled them to the respect of        
mankind4  ,washington6 ,first in war1   
first in peace1 and first in the hearts 
of his countrymen6 ,washington is all   
our own6 ,the enthusiastic veneration   
and regard in which the people of the   
,united ,states hold him prove them to  
be worthy of such a countryman2 while   
his reputation abroad redeems the       
highest honor on his country and its    
institutions4 ,i would cheerfully put   
the question to-day to the intelligence 
of ,europe and the world what character 
of the century1 upon the whole1 stands  
out in the relief of history1 most pure1
 most respectable1 most sublime2 and ,i 
doubt not1 that1 by a suffrage          
approaching to unanimity1 the answer    
would be ,washington6  ,the structure   
now standing before us1 by its          

uprightness1 its solidity1 its          
durability1 is no unfit emblem of his   
character4 ,his public virtues and      
public principles were as firm as the   
earth on which it stands2 his personal  
motives1 as pure as the serene heavens  
in which its summit is lost4 ,but1      
indeed1 though a fit1 it is an          
inadequate emblem4 ,towering high above 
the column which our hands have builded1
 beheld1 not by the inhabitants of a    
single city or a single ,state1 but by  
all the families of man1 ascends the    
colossal grandeur of the character and  
life of ,washington4 ,in all the        
constituents of the one1 in all the acts
 of the other1 in all its titles to     
immortal love1 admiration and renown1 it
 is an ,american production4 ,it is the 
embodiment and vindication of our       
,transatlantic liberty4  ,born upon our 
soil of parents also born upon it2 never
 for a moment having had sight of the   
,old ,world2 instructed1 according to   
the modes of his time1 only in the      

spare1 plain1 but wholesome elementary  
knowledge which our institutions        
provided for the children of the people2
 growing up beneath and penetrated by   
the genuine influences of ,american     
society2 living from infancy to manhood 
and age amidst our expanding1 but not   
luxurious civilization2 partaking in our
 great destiny of labor1 our long       
contest with unreclaimed nature and     
uncivilized man1 our agony of glory1 the
 war of independence1 our great victory 
of peace1 the formation of the ,union1  
and the establishment of the            
,constitution2 he is all1 all our own6  
,washington is ours4 ,that crowded and  
glorious life1      ,where multitudes of
 virtues passed along1      ,each       
pressing foremost1 in the mighty throng 
,ambitious to be seen1 then making room 
,for greater multitudes that were to    
come1--  that life was the life of an   
,american citizen4  ,i claim him for    
,america4 ,in all the perils1 in every  
darkened moment of the ,state1 in the   

midst of the reproaches of enemies and  
the misgiving of friends1 ,i turn to    
that transcendent name for courage and  
for consolation4 ,to him who denies or  
doubts whether our fervid liberty can be
 combined with law1 with order1 with the
 security of property1 with the pursuits
 and advancement of happiness2 to him   
who denies that our forms of government 
are capable of producing exaltation of  
soul1 and the passion of true glory2 to 
him who denies that we have contributed 
anything to the stock of great lessons  
and great examples2 to all these ,i     
reply by pointing to ,washington6       
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxiii4                                
,,public ,,opinion4  ,the time has been1
 indeed1 when fleets1 and armies1 and   
subsidies1 were the principal reliances 
even in the best cause4 ,but1 happily   
for mankind1 a great change has taken   
place in this respect4 ,moral causes    
come into consideration1 in proportion  
as the progress of knowledge is         

advanced2 and the public opinion of the 
civilized world is rapidly gaining an   
ascendeney over mere brutal force4 ,it  
is already able to oppose the most      
formidable obstruction to the progress  
of injustice and oppression2 and as it  
grows more intelligent and more intense 
it will be more and more formidable4 ,it
 may be silenced by military power1 but 
it cannot be conquered4 ,it is elastic1 
irrepressible1 and invulnerable to the  
weapons of ordinary warfare4 ,it is that
 impassive1 inextinguishable enemy of   
mere violence and arbitrary rule1 which1
 like ,milton's angels1       ,vital in 
every part1 4 4 4 4 4      ,cannot1 but 
by annihilating die4  ,until this be    
propitiated or satisfied1 it is vain for
 power to talk either of triumphs or of 
repose4 ,no matter what fields are      
desolated1 what fortresses surrendered1 
what armies subdued1 or what provinces  
overrun4 ,in the history of the year    
that has passed by us1 and in the       
instance of unhappy ,spain1 we have seen

 the vanity of all triumphs in a cause  
which violates the general sense of     
justice of the civilized world4 ,it is  
nothing that the troops of ,france have 
passed from the ,pyrenees to ,cadiz2 it 
is nothing that an unhappy and prostrate
 nation has fallen before them2 it is   
nothing that arrests1 and confiscation1 
and execution1 sweep away the little    
remnant of national resistance4 ,there  
is an enemy that still exists to check  
the glory of these triumphs4 ,it follows
 the conqueror back to the very scene of
 his ovations2 it calls upon him to take
 notice that ,europe1 though silent1 is 
yet indignant2 it shows him that the    
sceptre of his victory is a barren      
sceptre2 that it shall confer neither   
joy nor honor1 but shall moulder to dry 
ashes in his grasp4 ,in the midst of his
 exultation1 it pierces his ear with the
 cry of injured ,justice2 it denounces  
against him the indignation of an       
enlightened and civilized age2 it turns 
to bitterness the cup of his rejoicing1 

and wounds him with the sting which     
belongs to the consciousness of having  
outraged the opinion of mankind4        
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxiv4                            ,,the
 ,,murderer',s ,,secret4  ,the deed was 
executed with a degree of               
self-possession and steadiness1 equal to
 the wickedness with which it was       
planned4 ,the circumstances1 now clearly
 in evidence1 spread out the whole scene
 before us4 ,deep sleep had fallen on   
the destined victim1 and on all beneath 
his roof ,a healthful old man1 to whom  
sleep was sweet1 the just sound slumbers
 of the night held him in their soft but
 strong embrace4 ,the assassin enters1  
through the window already prepared1    
into an unoccupied apartment4 ,with     
noiseless foot he paces the lonely hall 
half-lighted by the moon2 he winds up   
the ascent of the stairs1 and reaches   
the door of the chamber4 ,of this1 he   
moves the lock1 by soft and continued   
pressure1 till it turns on its hinges   

without noise2 and he enters1 and       
beholds his victim before him4 ,the room
 was uncommonly open to the admission of
 light4 ,the face of the innocent       
sleeper was turned from the murderer1   
and the beams of the moon1 resting on   
the gray locks of his aged temple1      
showed him where to strike4 ,the fatal  
blow is given6 and the victim passes1   
without a struggle or a motion1 from the
 repose of sleep to the repose of death6
 ,it is the assassin's purpose to make  
sure work2 and he plies the dagger1     
though it is obvious that life has been 
destroyed by the blow of the bludgeon4  
,he even raises the aged arm1 that he   
may not fail in his aim at the heart1   
and replaces it again over the wounds of
 the poniard4 ,to finish the picture1 he
 explores the wrist for the pulse6 ,he  
feels for it and ascertains that it     
beats no longer6 ,it is accomplished4   
,the deed is done4 ,he retreats1        
retraces his steps to the window1 passes
 out through it as he came in1 and      

escapes4 ,he has done the murder4 ,no   
eye has seen him1 no ear has heard him4 
,the secret is his own1 and it is safe6 
,ah6 gentlemen1 that was a dreadful     
mistake4 ,such a secret can be safe     
nowhere4 ,the whole creation of ,god has
 neither nook nor corner1 where the     
guilty can bestow it1 and say it is     
safe4 ,not to speak of that eye which   
glances through all disguises1 and      
beholds everything1 as in the splendor  
of noon1 such secrets of guilt are never
 safe from detection1 even by man4      
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxv4                                  
,,the ,,same ,,concluded4  ,true it is1 
generally speaking1 that murder will    
out4 ,true it is1 that ,providence hath 
so ordained1 and doth so govern tidings1
 that those who break the great law of  
,heaven by shedding man's blood1 seldom 
succeed in avoiding discovery4          
,especially1 in a case exciting so much 
attention as this1 discovery must and   
will come1 sooner or later4 ,a thousand 

eyes turn at once to explore every man1 
every thing every circumstance1         
connected with the time and place2 a    
thousand ears catch every whisper2 a    
thousand excited minds intensely dwell  
on the scene2 shedding all their light1 
and ready to kindle the slightest       
circumstance into a blaze of discovery4 
,meantime1 the guilty soul cannot keep  
its own secret4 ,it is false to itself2 
or rather it feels an irresistible      
impulse of conscience to be true to     
itself4 ,it labors under its guilty     
possession1 and knows not what to do    
with it4 ,the human heart was not made  
for the residence of such an inhabitant4
 ,it finds itself preyed on by a        
torment1 which it dares not acknowledge 
to ,god or man4 ,a vulture is devouring 
it1 and it asks no sympathy or          
assistance1 either from heaven or earth4
 ,the secret which the murderer         
possesses1 soon comes to possess him2   
and1 like the evil spirits of which we  
read1 it overcomes him1 and leads him   

whithersoever it will4 ,he feels it     
beating at his heart1 rising to his     
throat1 and demanding disclosure4 ,he   
thinks the whole world sees it in his   
face1 reads it in his eyes1 and almost  
hears its workings in the very silence  
of his thoughts4 ,it has become his     
master4 ,it betrays his discretion1 it  
breaks down his courage1 it conquers his
 prudence4 ,when suspicions from without
 begin to embarrass him1 and the net of 
circumstances to entangle him1 the fatal
 secret struggles with still greater    
violence to burst forth4 ,it must be    
confessed2 it will be confessed2 there  
is no refuge from confession but        
suicide2 and suicide is confession4     
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxvi4                        ,,defence
 ,,of ,,american ,,clergymen4  ,by this 
,will1 no minister of the ,gospel of any
 sect or denomination whatever can be   
authorized or allowed to hold any office
 within the college2 and not only that1 
but no minister or clergyman of any sect

 can1 for any purpose whatever1 enter   
within the walls that are to surround   
this college4  ,now ,i will not arraign 
the founder of this institution or his  
motives for this4 ,i will not inquire   
into his opinions upon religion4 ,but ,i
 feel bound to say1 the occasion demands
 that ,i should say that this is the    
most opprobrious1 the most insulting and
 unmerited stigma1 that ever was cast1  
or attempted to be cast1 upon the       
preachers of ,christianity1 from north  
to south1 from east to west1 through the
 length and breadth of the land1 in the 
history of the country4 ,when have they 
deserved it8 ,where have they deserved  
it8 ,how have they deserved it8 ,they   
are not to be allowed even the ordinary 
rights of hospitality2 not even to be   
permitted to put their foot over the    
threshold of this college6  ,sir1 ,i    
take it upon myself to say1 that in no  
country in the world1 upon either       
continent1 can there be found a body of 
ministers of the ,gospel who perform so 

much service to man1 in such a full     
spirit of self-denial1 under so little  
encouragement from government of any    
kind1 and under circumstances almost    
always much straitened and often        
distressed1 at the ministers of the     
,gospel in the ,united ,states1 of all  
denominations4 ,they form no part of any
 established order of religion2 they    
constitute no hierarchy2 they enjoy no  
peculiar privileges4 ,in some of the    
states they are even shut out from all  
participation in the political rights   
and privileges enjoyed by their         
fellow-citizens4 ,they enjoy no tithes1 
no public provision of any kind4 ,except
 here and there in large cities1 where a
 wealthy individual occasionally makes a
 donation for the support of public     
worship1 what have they to depend upon8 
,they have to depend entirely on the    
voluntary contributions of those who    
hear them4  ,and this body of clergymen 
has shown1 to the honor of their own    
country and to the astonishment of the  

hierarchies of the ,old ,world that it  
is practicable in free governments to   
raise and sustain by voluntary          
contributions alone a body of clergymen 
which1 for devotedness to their sacred  
calling1 for purity of life and         
character1 for learning1 intelligence1  
piety1 and that wisdom which cometh from
 above1 is inferior to none1 and        
superior to most others4  ,i hope that  
our learned men have done something for 
the honor of our literature abroad4 ,i  
hope that the courts of justice and     
members of the bar of this country have 
done something to elevate the character 
of the profession of the law4 ,i hope   
that the discussions above 7in          
,congress7 have done something to       
meliorate the condition of the human    
race1 to secure and extend the great    
charter of human rights1 and to         
strengthen and advance the great        
principles of human liberty4 ,but ,i    
contend that no literary efforts1 no    
adjudications1 no constitutional        

discussions1 nothing that has been said 
or done in favor of the great interests 
of universal man1 has done this country 
more credit1 at home and abroad1 than   
the establishment of our body of        
clergymen1 their support by voluntary   
contributions1 and the general          
excellence off their character for piety
 and learning4  ,the great truth has    
thus been proclaimed and proved1 a truth
 which ,i believe will in time to come  
shake all the hierarchies of ,europe1   
that the voluntary support of such a    
ministry1 under free institutions1 is a 
practicable idea4                       
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxvii4                                
,,peaceable ,,secession ,,impossible4   
,mr4 ,president1 ,i should much prefer  
to have heard from every member on this 
floor declarations of opinion that this 
,union could never be dissolved1 than   
the declaration of opinion by any body1 
that1 in any case1 under the pressure of
 any circumstances1 such a dissolution  

was possible4 ,i hear with distress and 
anguish the word secession1 especially  
when it falls from the lips of those who
 are patriotic1 and known to the        
country1 and known all over the world1  
for their political services4           
,secession6 ,peaceable secession6 ,sir1 
your eyes and mine are never destined to
 see that miracle4 ,the dismemberment of
 this vast country without convulsion6  
,the breaking up of the fountains of the
 great deep without ruffling the        
surface6 ,who is so foolish1 ,i beg     
everybody's pardon1 as to expect to see 
any such thing8 ,sir1 he who sees these 
,states1 now revolving in harmony around
 a common centre1 and expects to see    
them quit their places and fly off      
without convulsion1 may look the next   
hour to see the heavenly bodies rush    
from their spheres1 and jostle against  
each other in the realms of space1      
without causing the wreck of the        
universe4  ,there can be no such thing  
as peaceable secession4 ,peaceable      

secession is an utter impossibility4 ,is
 the great ,constitution under which we 
live1 covering this whole country1 is it
 to be thawed and melted away by        
secession1 as the snows on the mountain 
melt under the influence of a vernal    
sun1 disappear almost unobserved1 and   
run off8 ,no1 sir6 ,no1 sir6 ,i will not
 state what might produce the disruption
 of the ,union2 but1 sir1 ,i see as     
plainly as ,i see the sun in heaven what
 that disruption itself must produce2 ,i
 see that it must produce war1 and such 
a war as ,i will not describe1 in its   
twofold character4  ,peaceable          
secession6 ,peaceable secession6 ,the   
concurrent agreement of all the members 
of this great republic to separate6 ,a  
voluntary separation1 with alimony on   
one side and on the other4 ,why1 what   
would be the result8 ,where is the line 
to be drawn8 ,what ,states are to       
secede8 ,what is to remain ,american8   
,what am ,i to be8 ,an ,american no     
longer8 ,am ,i to become a sectional    

man1 a local man1 a separatist1 with no 
country in common with the gentlemen who
 sit around me here1 or who fill the    
other house of ,congress8 ,heaven       
forbid6 ,where is the flag of the       
republic to remain8 ,where is the eagle 
still to tower8 or is he to cower1 and  
shrink1 and fall to the ground8 ,why1   
sir1 our ancestors1 our fathers and our 
grandfathers1 those of them that are yet
 living amongst us with prolonged lives1
 would rebuke and reproach us2 and our  
children and our grandchildren would cry
 out shame upon us1 if we of this       
generation should dishonor these ensigns
 of the power of the government and the 
harmony of that ,union which is every   
day felt among us with so much joy and  
gratitude4  ,what is to become of the   
army8 ,what is to become of the navy8   
,what is to become of the public lands8 
,how is each of tile thirty ,states to  
defend itself8 ,but1 sir1 ,i am ashamed 
to pursue this line of remark1 ,i       
dislike it1 ,i have an utter disgust for

 it4 ,i would rather hear of natural    
blasts and mildews1 war1 pestilence1 and
 famine1 than to hear gentlemen talk of 
secession4 ,to break up this great      
government6 to dismember this glorious  
country6 to astonish ,europe with an act
 of folly such as ,europe for two       
centuries has never beheld in any       
government or any people6 ,no1 ,sir6 no1
 ,sir6 ,there will be no secession6     
,gentlemen are not serious when they    
talk of secession4                      
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxviii4                               
,,liberty ,,and ,,union4  ,i profess1   
sir1 in my career hitherto1 to have kept
 steadily in view the prosperity and    
honor of the whole country1 and the     
preservation of our ,federal ,union4 ,it
 is to that ,union we owe our safety at 
home1 and our consideration and dignity 
abroad4 ,it is to that ,union that we   
are chiefly indebted for whatever makes 
us most proud of our country4 ,that     
,union we reached only by the discipline

 of our virtues1 in the severe school of
 adversity4 ,it had its origin in the   
necessities of disordered finance1      
prostrate commerce1 and ruined credit4  
,under its benign influences1 these     
great interests immediately awoke1 as   
from the dead1 and sprang forth with    
newness of life4 ,every year of its     
duration has teemed with fresh proofs of
 its utility and its blessings2 and     
though our territory has stretched out  
wider and wider1 and our population     
spread farther and farther1 they have   
not outrun its protection or its        
benefits4 ,it has been to us all a      
copious fountain of national1 social1   
personal happiness4  ,i have not allowed
 myself sir1 to look beyond the ,union1 
to see what might lie hidden in the dark
 recesses behind4 ,i have not coolly    
weighted the chances of preserving      
liberty1 when the bonds that unite us   
together shall be broken asunder4 ,i    
have not accustomed myself to hang over 
the precipice of disunion1 to see       

whether1 with my short sight1 ,i can    
fathom the depth of the abyss below2 nor
 could ,i regard him as a safe          
counsellor in the affairs of this       
government1 whose thoughts should be    
mainly bent on considering1 not how the 
,union may be best preserved1 but how   
tolerable might be the condition of the 
people when it shall be broken up and   
destroyed4  ,while the ,union lasts1 we 
have high1 exciting1 gratifying         
prospects spread out before us1 for us  
and our children4 ,beyond that ,i seek  
not to penetrate the veil4 ,god grant   
that in my day1 at least1 that curtain  
may not rise6 ,god grant that on my     
vision never may be opened what lies    
behind6 ,when my eyes shall be turned to
 behold for the last time the sun in    
heaven1 may ,i not see him shining on   
the broken and dishonored fragments of a
 once glorious ,union2 on ,states       
dissevered1 discordant1 belligerent2 on 
a land rent with civil feuds1 or        
drenched1 it may be1 in fraternal blood6

 ,let their last feeble and lingering   
glance rather behold the gorgeous ensign
 of the republic1 now known and clamored
 throughout the earth1 still full high  
advanced1 its arms and trophies         
streaming in their original lustre1 not 
a stripe erased or polluted1 nor a      
single star obscured1 bearing for its   
motto1 no such miserable interrogatory  
as ,what is all this worth8 nor those   
other words of delusion and folly1      
,liberty first and ,union afterwards1   
but everywhere1 spread all over in      
characters of living light1 blazing on  
all its ample folds1 as they float over 
the sea and over the land1 and in every 
wind under the whole heavens1 that other
 sentiment dear to every true ,american 
heart1--,liberty ,,and ,union1 ,now ,and
 ,for ,ever1 ,one ,and ,inseparable4    
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxix4                    ,,events     
,,great1 ,,because ,,of ,,their         
,,results4  ,great actions and striking 
occurrences having excited a temporary  

admiration1 often pass away and are     
forgotten1 because they leave no lasting
 results1 affecting the prosperity and  
happiness of communities4 ,such is      
frequently the fortune of the most      
brilliant military achievements4 ,of the
 ten thousand battles which have been   
fought1 of all the fields fertilized    
with carnage1 of the banners which have 
been bathed in blood1 of the warriors   
who have hoped that they had risen from 
the field of conquest to a glory as     
bright and as durable as the stars1 how 
few that continue long to interest      
mankind6 ,the victory of yesterday is   
reversed by the defeat of to-day2 the   
star of military glory1 rising like a   
meteor1 like a meteor has fallen2       
disgrace and disaster hang on the heels 
of conquest and renown2 victor and      
vanquished presently pass away to       
oblivion1 and the world goes on in its  
course1 with the loss only of so many   
lives and so much treasure4  ,but if    
this be frequently1 or generally1 the   

fortune of military achievements1 it is 
not always so4 ,there are enterprises1  
military as well as civil1 which        
sometimes check the current of events1  
give a new turn to human affairs1 and   
transmit their consequences through     
ages4 ,we see their importance in their 
results1 and call them great because    
great things follow4 ,there have been   
battles which have fixed the fate of    
nations4 ,these come down to us in      
history with a solid and permanent      
interest not created by a display of    
glittering armor1 the rush of adverse   
battalions1 the sinking and rising of   
pennons1 the flight1 the pursuit1 and   
the victory2 but by their effect in     
advancing or retarding human knowledge1 
in overthrowing or establishing         
despotism1 in extending or destroying   
human happiness4  ,when the traveller   
pauses on the plains of ,marathon1 what 
are the emotions which most strongly    
agitate his breast8 ,what is that       
glorious recollection1 which thrills    

through his frame and suffuses his eyes8
 ,not ,i imagine that ,grecian skill and
 ,grecian valor were here most signally 
displayed2 but that ,greece herself was 
here saved4 ,it is because to this spot1
 and to the event which has rendered it 
immortal1 he refers all the succeeding  
glories of the republic4 ,it is because 
if that day had gone otherwise1 ,greece 
had perished4 ,it is because he         
perceives that her philosophers and     
orators1 her poets and painters1 her    
sculptors and architects1 her           
governments and free institutions1 point
 backward to ,marathon1 and that their  
future existence seems to have been     
suspended on the contingency1 whether   
the ,persian or the ,greek banner should
 wave victorious in the beams of that   
day's setting sun4 ,and as his          
imagination kindles at the retrospect1  
he is transported back to the           
interesting moment1 he counts the       
fearful odds of the contending hosts1   
his interest for the result overwhelms  

him2 he trembles1 as if it were still   
uncertain1 and seems to doubt whether he
 may consider ,socrates and ,plato1     
,demosthenes1 ,sophocles1 and ,phidias1 
as secure1 yet1 to himself and to the   
world4                                  
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxx4                            ,,the 
,,future ,,of ,,america4                
,fellow-citizens1 the hours of this day 
are rapidly flying1 and this occasion   
will soon be passed4 ,neither we nor our
 children can expect to behold its      
return4 ,they are in the distant regions
 of futurity1 they exist only in the    
all-creating power of ,god1 who shall   
stand here1 a hundred years hence1 to   
trace1 through us1 their descent from   
the ,pilgrims1 and to survey1 as we have
 now surveyed1 the progress of their    
country during the lapse of a century4  
,we would anticipate their concurrence  
with us in our sentiments of deep regard
 for our common ancestors4 ,we would    
anticipate and partake the pleasure with

 which they will then recount the steps 
of ,new ,england's advancement4 ,on the 
morning of that day1 although it will   
not disturb us in our repose1 the voice 
of acclamation and gratitude1 commencing
 on the rock of ,plymouth1 shall be     
transmitted through millions of the sons
 of the ,pilgrims1 till it lose itself  
in the murmurs of the ,pacific seas4 ,we
 would leave1 for the consideration of  
those who shall then occupy our places1 
some proof that we hold the blessings   
transmitted from our fathers in just    
estimation2 some proof of our attachment
 to the cause of good government1 and of
 civil and religious liberty2 some proof
 of a sincere and ardent desire to      
promote everything which may enlarge the
 understandings1 and improve the hearts1
 of men4 ,and when1 from the long       
distance of a hundred years1 they shall 
look back upon us1 they shall know1 at  
least1 that we possessed affections1    
which1 running backward and warming with
 gratitude for what our ancestors have  

done for our happiness1 run forward also
 to our posterity and meet them with    
cordial salutation1 ere yet they have   
arrived on the shore of being4          
,advance1 then1 ye future generations6  
,we would hail you1 as you rise in your 
long succession1 to fill the places     
which we now fill1 and to taste the     
blessings of existence1 where we are    
passing1 and soon shall have passed1 our
 human duration4 ,we bid you welcome to 
the healthful skies and the verdant     
fields of ,new ,england4 ,we greet your 
accession to the great inheritance which
 we have enjoyed4 ,we welcome you to the
 blessings of good government1 and      
religious liberty4 ,we welcome you to   
the treasures of science1 and the       
delights of learning4 ,we welcome you to
 the transcendent sweets of domestic    
life1 to the happiness of kindred1 and  
parents1 and children4 ,we welcome you  
to the immeasurable blessings of        
rational existence1 the immortal hope of
 ,christianity and the light of         

everlasting truth4                      
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxxi4                                 
,,liberty ,,of ,,speech4  ,important1   
sir1 as ,i deem it to discuss1 on all   
proper occasions1 the policy of the     
measures at present pursued1 it is still
 more important to maintain the right of
 such discussion in its full and just   
extent4 ,sentiments lately sprung up1   
and now growing fashionable1 make it    
necessary to be explicit on this point4 
,the more ,i perceive a disposition to  
check the freedom of inquiry by         
extravagant and unconstitutional        
pretences1 the firmer shall be the tone 
in which ,i shall assert1 and the freer 
the manner in which ,i shall exercise   
it4  ,it is the ancient and undoubted   
prerogative of this people to canvass   
public measures1 and the merits of      
public men4 ,it is a home-bred right1 a 
fireside privilege4 ,it hath ever been  
enjoyed in every house1 cottage1 and    
cabin1 in the nation4 ,it is not to be  

drawn into controversy4 ,it is as       
undoubted as the right of breathing the 
air1 or walking on the earth4 ,belonging
 to private life as a right1 it belongs 
to public life as a duty2 and it is the 
last duty which those whose             
representative ,i am shall find me to   
abandon4 ,aiming at all times to be     
courteous and temperate in its use1     
except when the right itself shall be   
questioned1 ,i shall then carry it to   
its extent4 ,i shall place myself on the
 extreme boundary of my right1 and bid  
defiance to any arm that would move me  
from my ground4  ,this high             
constitutional privilege ,i shall defend
 and exercise within this house1 and in 
all places2 in times of peace1 and in   
all times4 ,living1 ,i shall assert it2 
and1 should ,i leave no other           
inheritance to my children1 by the      
blessing of ,god ,i will leave them the 
inheritance of free principles1 and the 
example of a manly1 independent1 and    
constitutional defence of them4         

,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxxii4                                
,,washington ,,to ,,the ,,present       
,,generation4  ,fellow-citizens1--,what 
contemplations are awakened in our      
minds1 as we assemble here to reenact a 
scene like that performed by            
,washington6 ,methinks ,i see his       
venerable form now before me1 as        
presented in the glorious statue by     
,houdon1 now in the capital of          
,virginia4 ,he is dignified and grave2  
but his concern and anxiety seem to     
soften the lineaments of his            
countenance4 ,the government over which 
he presides is yet in the crisis of     
experiment4 ,not free from troubles at  
home1 he sees the world in commotion and
 arms1 all around him4 ,he sees that    
imposing foreign powers are half        
disposed to try the strength of the     
recently established ,american          
government4 ,we perceive that mighty    
thoughts1 mingled with fears as well as 
hopes1 are struggling within him4 ,he   

heads a short procession over these then
 naked fields2 he crosses yonder stream 
on a fallen tree2 he ascends to the top 
of this eminence1 whose original oaks of
 the forest stand as thick around him as
 if the spot had been devoted to        
,druidical worship1 and here he performs
 the appointed duty of the day4  ,and   
now1 fellow-citizens1 if this vision    
were a reality1--if ,washington actually
 were now amongst us1--and if he could  
draw around him the shades of the great 
public men of his own days1--patriots   
and warriors1 orators and statesmen1 and
 were to address us1 in their presence1 
would he not say to us1--,ye men of this
 generation1 ,i rejoice1 and thank ,god 
for being able to see that our labors1  
and toils1 and sacrifices1 were not in  
vain4 ,you are prosperous1--you are     
happy1--you are grateful4 ,the fire of  
liberty burns brightly and steadily in  
your hearts1 while duty and the law     
restrain it from bursting forth in wild 
and destructive conflagration4 ,cherish 

liberty1 as you love it2--cherish its   
securities1 as you wish to preserve it4 
,maintain the ,constitution which we    
labored so painfully to establish and   
which has been to you such a source of  
inestimable blessings4 ,preserve the    
,union of the ,states1 cemented as it   
was by our prayers1 our tears1 and our  
blood4 ,be true to ,god1 to your        
country1 and to your duty4 ,so shall the
 whole ,eastern world follow the morning
 sun1 to contemplate you as a nation2 so
 shall all succeeding generations honor 
you as they honor us2 and so shall that 
,almighty ,power which so graciously    
protected us1 and which now protects    
you1 shower its everlasting blessings   
upon you and your posterity4  ,great    
father of your country6 we heed your    
words2 we feel their force as if you    
uttered them with life of flesh and     
blood4 ,your example teaches us2 your   
affectionate addresses teach us2 your   
public life teaches us your sense of the
 value of the blessings of the ,union4  

,those blessings our fathers have       
tasted1 and we have tasted1 and still   
taste4 ,nor do we intend that those who 
come after us shall be denied the same  
high fruition1 ,our honor as well as our
 happiness is concerned4 ,we cannot1 we 
dare not1 we will not1 betray our sacred
 trust4 ,we will not filch from         
posterity the treasure placed in our    
hands to be transmitted to other        
generations4 ,the bow that gilds the    
clouds in the heavens1 tile pillars that
 uphold the firmament1 may disappear and
 fall away1 in the hour appointed by the
 will of ,god2 but1 until that day      
comes1 or so long as our lives may last1
 no ruthless hand shall undermine that  
bright arch of ,union and ,liberty which
 spans the continent from ,washington to
 ,california4                           
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxxiii4                       ,,the   
,,platform ,,of ,,the ,,constitution4   
,a principal object1 in his late        
political movements the gentleman       

himself tells us1 was to unite the      
entire ,south2 and against whom1 or     
against what1 does he wish to unite the 
entire ,south8 ,is not this the very    
essence of local feeling and local      
regard8 ,is it not the acknowledgment of
 a wish and object to create political  
strength1 by uniting political opinions 
geographically8 ,while the gentleman    
wishes to unite the entire ,south1 ,i   
pray to know1 sir1 if he expects me to  
turn toward the polar star1 and1 acting 
on the same principle1 to utter a cry of
 ,rally6 to the whole ,north8 ,heaven   
forbid6 ,to the day of my death1 neither
 he nor others shall hear such a cry    
from me4  ,finally1 the honorable member
 declares that he shall now march off1  
under the banner of ,state rights6      
,march off from whom8 ,march off from   
what8 ,we have been contending for great
 principles4 ,we have been struggling to
 maintain the liberty and to restore the
 prosperity of the country2 we have made
 these struggles here1 in the national  

councils1 with the old flag--the true   
,american flag1 the ,eagle and the      
,stars and ,stripes--waving over the    
chamber in which we sit4 ,he now tells  
us1 however1 that he marches off under  
the ,state-rights banner6  ,let him go4 
,i remain4 ,i am1 where ,i ever have    
been1 and ever mean to be4 ,here1       
standing on the platform of the general 
,constitution1--a platform broad enough1
 and firm enough1 to uphold every       
interest of the whole country1--,i shall
 still be found4 ,intrusted with some   
part in the administration of that      
,constitution1 ,i intend to act in its  
spirit1 and in the spirit of those who  
framed it4 ,yes1 sir4 ,i would act as if
 our fathers1 who formed it for us1 and 
who bequeathed it to us1 were looking on
 me1--as if ,i could see their venerable
 forms1 bending down to behold us from  
the abodes above6 ,i would act1 too1 as 
if the eye of posterity was gazing on   
me4  ,standing thus1 as in the full gaze
 of our ancestors and our posterity1    

having received this inheritance from   
the former to be transmitted to the     
latter1 and feeling that1 if ,i am born 
for any good1 in my day and generation1 
it is for the good of the whole         
country1--no local policy1 no local     
feeling1 no temporary impulse1 shall    
induce me to yield my foothold on the   
,constitution and the ,union4 ,i move   
off under no banner not known to the    
whole ,american ,people1 and to their   
,constitution and laws4 ,no1 sir6 these 
walls1 these columns1                   
shall fly      ,from their firm base as 
soon as ,i4  ,i came into public life1  
sir1 in the service of the ,united      
,states4 ,on that broad altar my        
earliest and all my public vows have    
been made4 ,i propose to serve no other 
master4 ,so far as depends on any agency
 of mine1 they shall continue ,united   
,states2--united in interest and in     
affection2 united in everything in      
regard to which the ,constitution has   
decreed their union2 united in war1 for 

the common defense1 the common renown1  
and the common glory2 and united1       
compacted1 knit firmly together1 in     
peace1 for the common prosperity and    
happiness of ourselves and our children6
                                        
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxxiv4                  ,,the         
,,veterans ,,of ,,the ,,battle ,,of     
,,bunker ,,hill4  ,the great event in   
the history of the ,continent1 which we 
are now met here to commemorate1 that   
prodigy of modern times1 at once the    
wonder and the blessing of the world1 is
 the ,american ,revolution4 ,in a day of
 extraordinary prosperity and happiness1
 of high national honor1 distinction1   
and power1 we are brought together1 in  
this place1 by our love of country by   
our admiration of exalted character1 by 
our gratitude for signal services and   
patriotic devotion4 ,and we now stand   
here to enjoy all the blessings of our  
own condition1 and to look abroad on the
 brightened prospects of the world1     

while we still have among us some of    
those who were active agents in the     
scenes of #agge1 and who are now here1  
from every quarter of ,new ,england1 to 
visit once more1 and under circumstances
 so affecting1--,i had almost said so   
overwhelming1 this renowned theatre of  
their courage and patriotism4           
,venerable men6 you have come down to us
 from a former generation4 ,heaven has  
bounteously lengthened out your lives1  
that you may behold this joyous day4    
,you are now where you stood fifty years
 ago1 this very hour1 with your brothers
 and your neighbors1 shoulder to        
shoulder1 in the strife for your        
country4 ,behold1 how altered6 ,the same
 heavens are indeed over your heads2 the
 same ocean rolls at your feet2 but all 
else how changed6 ,you hear now no roar 
of hostile cannon1 you see no mixed     
volumes of smoke and flame rising from  
burning ,charlestown4 ,the ground       
strowed with the dead and the dying2 the
 impetuous charge2 the steady and       

successful repulse2 the loud call to    
repeated assault2 the summoning of all  
that is manly to repeated resistance2 a 
thousand bosoms freely and fearlessly   
bared in an instant to whatever of      
terror there may be in war and          
death2--all these you have witnessed1   
but you witness them no more4 ,all is   
peace4 ,the heights of yonder           
metropolis1 its towers and roofs1 which 
you then saw filled with wives and      
children and countrymen in distress and 
terror1 and looking with unutterable    
emotions for the issue of the combat1   
have presented you to-day with the sight
 of its whole happy population1 come out
 to welcome and greet you with a        
universal jubilee4 ,yonder proud ships  
by a felicity of position appropriately 
lying at the foot of this mount1 and    
seeming fondly to cling around it1 are  
not means of annoyance to you1 but your 
country's own means of distinction and  
defence4 ,all is peace2 and ,god has    
granted you this sight of your country's

 happiness1 ere you slumber in the      
grave4 ,he has allowed you to behold and
 to partake the reward of your patriotic
 toils2 and he has allowed us1 your sons
 and countrymen1 to meet you here1 and  
in the name of the present generation1  
in the name of your country1 in the name
 of liberty1 to thank you6  ,but1 alas6 
you are not all here6 ,time and the     
sword have thinned your ranks4          
,prescott1 ,putnam1 ,stark1 ,brooks1    
,read1 ,pomeroy1 ,bridge6 our eyes seek 
for you in vain amid ibis broken band4  
,you are gathered to your fathers1 and  
live only to your county in her grateful
 remembrance and your own bright        
example4 ,but let us not too much       
grieve1 that you have met the common    
fate of men4 ,you lived at least long   
enough to know that your work had been  
nobly and successfully accomplished4    
,you lived to see your country's        
independence established1 and to sheathe
 your swords from war4 ,on the light of 
,liberty you saw arise the light of     

,peace1 like            another morn    
risen on mid-noon2  and the sky on which
 you closed your eyes was cloudless4    
,but ah6 ,him6 the first great martyr in
 this great cause6 ,him6 the premature  
victim of his own self-devoting heart6  
,him6 the head of our civil councils1   
and the destined leader of our military 
bands1 whom nothing brought hither but  
the unquenchable fire of his own spirit6
 ,him6 cut off by ,providence in the    
hour of overwhelming anxiety and thick  
gloom2 falling ere he saw the star of   
his country rise2 pouring out his       
generous blood like water1 before he    
knew whether it would fertilize a land  
of freedom or of bondage6--how shall ,i 
struggle with the emotions that stifle  
the utterance of thy name6 ,our poor    
work may perish2 but thine shall endure6
 ,this monument may moulder away2 the   
solid ground it rests upon may sink down
 to a level with the sea2 but thy memory
 shall not fail6 ,wheresoever among men 
a heart shall be found that beats to the

 transports of patriotism and liberty1  
its aspirations shall be to claim       
kindred with thy spirit6                
,d4 ,webster4                           
,,cxxv4                   ,,reply ,,to  
,,the ,,reflections ,,of ,,mr4          
,,walpole4  ,sir the atrocious crime of 
being a young man1 which the honorable  
gentleman has1 with such spirit and     
decency charged upon me1 ,i shall       
neither attempt to palliate nor deny2   
but content myself with wishing1--that  
,i may be one of those whose follies    
cease with their youth2 and not of that 
number who are ignorant in spite of     
experience4  ,whether youth can be      
imputed to any man as a reproach1 ,i    
will not1 sir1 assume the province of   
determining2 but surely1 age may become 
justly contemptible1--if the            
opportunities which it brings have      
passed away without improvement1 and    
vice appears to prevail when the        
passions have subsided4 ,the wretch who1
 after having seen the consequences of a

 thousand errors1 continues still to    
blunder1 and whose age has only added   
obstinacy to stupidity1 is surely the   
object of either abhorrence or contempt2
 and deserves not that his gray hairs   
should secure him from insult4 ,much    
more1 sir1 is he to be abhorred1--who1  
as he has advanced in age1 has receded  
from virtue1 and becomes more wicked    
with less temptation2 who prostitutes   
himself for money which he cannot enjoy1
 and spends the remains of his life in  
the ruin of his country4  ,but youth1   
sir1 is not my only crime4 ,i have been 
accused of acting a theatrical part4 ,a 
theatrical part may either imply some   
peculiarities of gesture1 or            
dissimulation of my real sentiments1 and
 the adoption of the opinions and       
language of another man4 ,in the first  
sense the charge is too trifling to be  
confuted1 and deserves only to be       
mentioned that it may be despised4 ,i am
 at liberty1 like every other man1 to   
use my own language3 and though ,i may  

perhaps1 have some ambition1 yet to     
please this gentleman1 ,i shall not lay 
myself under any restraint1 nor very    
solicitously copy his diction1 or his   
mien1 however matured by age1 or        
modelled by experience4 ,if any man     
shall1 by charging me with theatrical   
behavior1 imply that ,i utter any       
sentiments but my own1 ,i shall treat   
him as a calumniator and a villain2 nor 
shall any protection shelter him from   
the treatment he deserves4 ,i shall1 on 
such an occasion1 without scruple       
trample upon all those forms with which 
wealth and dignity intrench themselves1 
nor shall anything but age restrain my  
resentment2 age which always brings one 
privilege1 that of being insolent and   
supercilious without punishment4 ,but   
with regard1 sir1 to those whom ,i have 
offended1 ,i am of opinion1 that if ,i  
had acted a borrowed part ,i should have
 avoided their censure2 the heat that   
offended them was the ardor of          
conviction1 and that zeal for the       

service of my country1 which neither    
hope nor fear shall influence me to     
suppress4 ,i will not sit unconcerned   
while my liberty is invaded1 nor look in
 silence upon public robbery4 ,i will   
exert my endeavors1 at whatever hazard1 
to repel the aggressor1 and drag the    
thief to justice1--whoever may protect  
them in their villainy and whoever may  
partake of their plunder4               
,lord ,chatham4                         
,,cxxvi4                       ,,speech 
,,against ,,the ,,american ,,war4  ,i   
cannot1 my ,lords1 ,i will not1 join in 
congratulation on misfortune and        
disgrace4 ,this1 my ,lords1 is a        
perilous and tremendous moment4 ,it is  
not a time for adulation3 the smoothness
 of flattery cannot save us in this     
rugged and awful crisis4 ,it is now     
necessary to instruct the throne in the 
language of truth4 ,we must1 if         
possible1 dispel the delusion and       
darkness which envelop it1 and display1 
in its full danger and genuine colors1  

the ruin which is brought to our doors4 
,can ministers still presume to expect  
support in their infatuation8 ,can      
parliament be so dead to its dignity and
 duty1 as to give their support to      
measures thus obtruded and forced upon  
them8 ,measures1 my ,lords1 which have  
reduced this late flourishing empire to 
scorn and contempt4 ,but yesterday and  
,britain might have stood against the   
world2 now none so poor as to do her    
reverence4 ,the people1 whom we at first
 despised as rebels1 but whom we now    
acknowledge as enemies1 are abetted     
against us1 supplied with every military
 store1 have their interests consulted1 
and their ambassadors entertained by our
 inveterate enemy--and ministers do not1
 and dare not1 interpose with dignity or
 effect4 ,the desperate state of our    
army abroad is in part known4 ,no man   
more highly esteems and honors the      
,british troops than ,i do2 ,i know     
their virtues and their valor3 ,i know  
they can achieve anything but           

impossibilities2 and ,i know that the   
conquest of ,british ,america is an     
impossibility4 ,you cannot1 my ,lords1  
you cannot conquer ,america4 ,what is   
your present situation there8 ,we do not
 know the worst2 but we know that in    
three campaigns1 we have done nothing1  
and suffered much4 ,you may swell every 
expense1 accumulate every assistance1   
and extend your traffic to the shambles 
of every ,german despot2 your attempts  
will be forever vain and                
impotent--doubly so1 indeed1 from this  
mercenary aid on which you rely2 for it 
irritates1 to an incurable resentment1  
the minds of your adversaries1 to over  
run them with the mercenary sons of     
rapine and plunder1 devoting them and   
their possessions to the rapacity of    
hireling cruelty4 ,if ,i were an        
,american1 as ,i am an ,englishman1     
while a foreign troop was landed in my  
country1 ,i never would lay down my     
arms--never1 ,never1 ,,never6           
,lord ,chatham4                         

,,cxxvii4                   ,,speech    
,,against ,,employing ,,indians ,,in    
,,war4  ,but1 my ,lords1 who is the man 
that1 in addition to the disgraces and  
mischiefs of our army1 has dared to     
authorize and associate to our arms the 
tomahawk and scalping-knife of the      
savage8--to call into civilized alliance
 the wild and inhuman inhabitants of the
 woods8--to delegate to the merciless   
,indian the defence of disputed rights1 
and to wage the horrors of this         
barbarous war against our brethren8 ,my 
,lords1 these enormities cry aloud for  
redress and punishment4 ,but1 my ,lords1
 this barbarous measure has been        
defended1 not only on the principles of 
policy and necessity but also on those  
of morality2 for it is perfectly        
justifiable1 says ,lord ,suffolk1 to use
 all the means which ,god and nature    
have put into our hands4 ,i am          
astonished6--,i am shocked6 to hear such
 principles confessed2--to hear them    
avowed in this ,house1 or in this       

country4 ,my ,lords1 ,i did not intend  
to encroach so much on your attention1  
but ,i cannot repress my indignation--,i
 feel myself impelled to speak4 ,my     
,lords1 we are called upon as members of
 this ,house1 as men1 as ,christians1 to
 protest against such horrible          
barbarity6--,that ,god and nature have  
put into our hands6 ,what ideas of ,god 
and nature that noble lord may          
entertain1 ,i know not2 but ,i know1    
that such detestable principles are     
equally abhorrent to religion and       
humanity4 ,what6 to attribute the sacred
 sanction of ,god and nature to the     
massacres of the ,indian scalping-knife6
 to the cannibal savage1 torturing1     
murdering1 devouring1 drinking the blood
 of his mangled victims6 ,such notions  
shock every precept of morality1 every  
feeling of humanity1 every sentiment of 
honor4 ,these abominable principles1 and
 this more abominable avowal of them1   
demand the most decisive indignation4   
,i call upon that right reverend1 and   

this most learned bench1 to vindicate   
the religion of their ,god1 to support  
the justice of their country4 ,i call   
upon the bishops to interpose the       
unsullied sanctity of their lawn2 upon  
the learned judges to interpose the     
enmity of their ermine1--to save us from
 this pollution4 ,i call upon the honor 
of your ,lordships1 to reverence the    
dignity of our ancestors1 and to        
maintain your own4 ,i call upon the     
spirit and humanity of my country1 to   
vindicate the national character4 ,i    
invoke the genius of the constitution6  
,from the tapestry that adorns these    
walls1 the immortal ancestor of this    
noble lord frowns with indignation at   
the disgrace of his country4 ,in vain   
did he defend the liberty1 and establish
 the religion of ,britain1 against the  
tyranny of ,rome1 if these worse than   
popish cruelties1 and inquisitorial     
practices1 are endured among us4 ,to    
send forth the merciless cannibal1      
thirsting for blood6--against           

whom8--your ,protestant brethren6 to lay
 waste their country1 to desolate their 
dwellings1 and extirpate their race and 
name1 by the aid and instrumentality of 
these horrible hounds of war6 ,spain can
 no longer boast preminence in          
barbarity4 ,she armed herself with      
bloodhounds1 to extirpate the wretched  
natives of ,mexico1 and we improve on   
the inhuman example even of ,spanish    
cruelty2 we turn loose these savage     
hell-hounds against our brethren and    
countrymen in ,america1 endeared to us  
by every tie that can sanctify humanity4
 ,i again call upon your ,lordships1 and
 upon every order of men in the ,state1 
to stamp upon this infamous procedure   
the indelible stigma of the public      
abhorrence4 ,and ,i again implore those 
holy prelates of our religion to do away
 this iniquity2 let them perform a      
lustration1 to purify the country from  
this deep and deadly sin4 ,my ,lords1 ,i
 am old and weak1 and at present unable 
to say more2 but my feelings and        

indignation were too strong to have said
 less4 ,i could not have slept this     
night in my bed1 nor even reposed my    
head upon my pillow1 without giving vent
 to my eternal abhorrence of such       
enormous and preposterous principles4   
,lord ,chatham4                         
,,cxxviii4                              
,,honorable ,,ambition4  ,i have been   
accused of ambition in presenting this  
measure--ambition1 inordinate ambition4 
,if ,i had thought of myself only1 ,i   
should have never brought it forward4 ,i
 know well the perils to which ,i expose
 myself3 the risk of alienating faithful
 and valued friends1 with but little    
prospect of making new ones1 if any new 
ones could compensate for the loss of   
those we have long tried and loved2 and 
the honest misconception both of friends
 and foes4 ,ambition8 ,if ,i had        
listened to its soft and seducing       
whispers2 if ,i had yielded myself to   
the dictates of a cold1 calculating1 and
 prudential policy1 ,i would have stood 

still and unmoved4 ,i might even have   
silently gazed on the raging storm1     
enjoyed its loudest thunders1 and left  
these who are charged with the care of  
the vessel of ,state to conduct it as   
they could4  ,i have been1 heretofore1  
often unjustly accused of ambition4     
,low1 grovelling souls1 who are utterly 
incapable of elevating themselves to the
 higher and nobler duties of pure       
patriotism1--beings who1 forever keeping
 their own selfish ends in view1 decide 
all public measures by their presumed   
influence on their aggrandizement--judge
 me by the venal rule which they        
prescribe to themselves4 ,i have given  
to the winds those false accusations1 as
 ,i consign that which now impeaches my 
motives4 ,i have no desire for office1  
not even the highest4 ,the most exalted 
is but a prison1 in which the           
incarcerated incumbent daily receives   
his cold1 heartless visitants1 marks his
 weary hours1 and is cut off from the   
practical enjoyment of all the blessings

 of genuine freedom4 ,i am no candidate 
for any office in the gift of the people
 of these ,states1 united or separated2 
,i never wish1 never expect to be4      
,pass this bill1 tranquillize the       
country1 restore confidence and         
affection in the ,union1 and ,i am      
willing to go home to ,ashland1 and     
renounce public service forever4 ,i     
should there find1 in its groves1 under 
its shades1 on its lawns1 midst my      
flocks and herds1 in the bosom of my    
family1 sincerity and truth1 attachment 
and fidelity1 and gratitude which ,i    
have not always found in the walks of   
public life4  ,yes1 ,i have ambition6   
but it is the ambition of being the     
humble instrument1 in the hands of      
,providence1 to reconcile a divided     
people2 once more to revive concord and 
harmony in a distracted land1--the      
pleasing ambition of contemplating the  
glorious spectacle of a free1 united1   
prosperous1 and fraternal people4       
,h4 ,clay4                              

,,cxxix4                          ,,the 
,,noblest ,,public ,,virtue4  ,there is 
a sort of courage1 to which--,i frankly 
confess it--,i do not lay claim2 a      
boldness to which ,i dare not aspire2 a 
valor which ,i cannot covet4 ,i cannot  
lay myself down in the way of the       
welfare and happiness of my country4    
,that1 ,i cannot1 ,i have not the       
courage to do4 ,i cannot interpose the  
power with which ,i may be invested1--a 
power conferred1 not for my personal    
benefit or aggrandizement1 but for my   
country's good1--to check her onward    
march to greatness and glory4 ,i have   
not courage enough1--,i am too cowardly 
for that6  ,i would not1 ,i dare not1   
lie down1 and place my body across the  
path that leads my country to prosperity
 and happiness4 ,this is a sort of      
courage widely different from that which
 a man may display in his private       
conduct and personal relations4         
,personal or private courage is totally 
distinct from that higher and nobler    

courage which prompts the patriot to    
offer himself a voluntary sacrifice to  
his country's good4  ,apprehensions of  
the imputation of the want of firmness  
sometimes impel us to perform rash and  
inconsiderate acts4 ,it is the greatest 
courage to be able to bear the          
imputation of the want of courage4 ,but 
pride1 vanity1 egotism1 so unaimiable   
and offensive in private life1 are vices
 which partake of the character of      
crimes in the conduct of public affairs4
 ,the unfortunate victim of these       
passions cannot see beyond the little1  
petty1 contemptible circle of his own   
personal interest4 ,all his thoughts are
 withdrawn from his country1 and        
concentrated on his consistency1 his    
firmness1 himself4  ,the high1 the      
exalted1 the sublime emotions of a      
patriotism which1 soaring toward heaven1
 rises far above all mean1 low1 or      
selfish things1 and is absorbed by one  
soul-transporting thought of the good   
and glory of one's country1 are never   

felt in his impenetrable bosom4 ,that   
patriotism which1 catching its          
inspiration from on high1 and1 leaving  
at an immeasurable distance below all   
lesser1 groveling1 personal interests   
and feelings1--animates and prompts to  
deeds of self-sacrifice1 of valor1 of   
devotion and of death itself1--that is  
public virtue2 that is the noblest1 the 
sublimest of all public virtues4 ,h4    
,clay4   ,,cxxx4  ,,plea ,,for ,,the    
,,union4  ,at a moment when the ,white  
,house itself is in danger of           
conflagration1 instead of all hands     
uniting to extinguish the flames1 we are
 contending about who shall be its next 
occupant4 ,when a dreadful crevasse has 
occurred1 which threatens inundation and
 destruction to all around it1 we are   
contesting and disputing about the      
profits of an estate which is threatened
 with total submersion4  ,mr4           
,president1 it is passion1              
passion--party1 party1 and              
intemperance--that is all ,i dread in   

the adjustment of the great questions   
which unhappily at this time divide our 
distracted country4 ,sir1 at this moment
 we have in the legislative bodies of   
this ,capitol and in the ,states1       
twenty-odd furnaces in full blast1      
emitting heat and passion1 and          
intemperance1 and diffusing them        
throughout the whole extent of this     
broad land4 ,two months ago all was calm
 in comparison to the present moment4   
,all now is uproar1 confusion1 and      
menace to the existence of the ,union1  
and to the happiness and safety of this 
people4 ,sir1 ,i implore ,senators1 ,i  
entreat them1 by all that they expect   
hereafter1 and by all that is dear to   
them here below1 to repress the ardor of
 these passions1 to look to their       
country to its interests1 to listen to  
the voice of reason4  ,mr4 ,president1  
,i have said--what ,i solemnly          
believe--that the dissolution of the    
,union and war are identical and        
inseparable2 that they are convertible  

terms4 ,such a war1 too1 as that would  
be1 following the dissolution of the    
,union6 ,sir1 we may search the pages of
 history1 and none so furious1 so       
bloody1 so implacable1 so exterminating1
 from the wars of ,greece down1         
including those of the ,commonwealth of 
,england1 and the revolution of         
,france--none1 none of them raged with  
such violence1 or was ever conducted    
with such bloodshed and enormities1 as  
will that war which shall follow that   
disastrous event--if that event ever    
happen--the dissolution of the ,union4  
,and what would be its termination8     
,standing armies and navies1 draining   
the revenues of each portion of the     
dissevered empire1 would be created2    
exterminating war would follow-not a war
 of two or three years1 but of          
interminable duration until some ,philip
 or ,alexander1 some ,csar or ,napoleon1
 would rise to cut the ,gordian ,knot1  
and solve the problem of the capacity of
 man for self-government1 and crush the 

liberties of both the dissevered        
portions of this ,union4 ,can you1 sir1 
lightly contemplate these consequences8 
,can you yield yourself to a torrent of 
passion1 amidst dangers which ,i have   
depicted in colors far short of what    
would be the reality1 if the event      
should ever happen8  ,i implore         
gentlemen--,i adjure them from the      
,south or the ,north1 by all they hold  
dear in this world--by all their love of
 liberty1 by all their veneration for   
their ancestors--by all their regard for
 posterity--by all their gratitude to   
,him who has bestowed upon them such    
unnumbered blessings--by all the duties 
which they owe to mankind1 and all the  
duties they owe to themselves--by all   
these considerations1 ,i implore upon   
them to pause--solemnly to pause--at the
 edge of the precipice before the       
fearful and disastrous leap is taken    
into the yawning abyss below1 from which
 none who take it will ever return in   
safety4  ,and1 finally1 ,mr4 ,president1

 ,i implore1 as the best blessing which 
,heaven can bestow upon me on earth1    
that if the direful and sad event of the
 dissolution of the ,union shall happen1
 ,i may not survive to behold the       
melancholy and heart-rending spectacle4 
,h4 ,clay4                              
,,cxxxi4                                
,,national ,,glory4  ,we are asked1 what
 have we gained by the war8 ,i have     
shown that we have lost nothing1 either 
in rights1 territory1 or honor2 nothing1
 for which we ought to have contended1  
according to the principles of the      
gentlemen on the other side1 or         
according to our own4 ,have we gained   
nothing by the war8 ,let any man look at
 the degraded condition of the country  
before the war1--the scorn of the       
universe1 the contempt of ourselves1 and
 tell me if we have gained nothing by   
the war4 ,what is our present situation8
 ,respectability and character abroad2  
security and confidence at home4 ,if we 
have not obtained1 in the opinion of    

some1 the full measure of retribution1  
our character and ,constitution are     
placed on a solid basis1 never to be    
shaken4  ,the glory acquired by our     
gallant tars on the sea1 by our         
,jacksons and our ,browns on the land is
 that nothing8 true we had our          
vicissitudes3 there are humiliating     
events which the patriot cannot review  
without deep regret2 but the great      
account when it comes to be balanced1   
will be found vastly in our favor4 ,is  
there a man who would obliterate from   
the proud pages of our history1 the     
brilliant achievements of ,jackson1     
,brown1 and ,scott1 and the host of     
heroes on land and sea whom ,i cannot   
enumerate8 ,is there a man who could not
 desire a participation in the national 
glory acquired by the war8 ,yes1        
national glory1 which1 however the      
expression may be condemned by some1    
must be cherished by every genuine      
patriot4  ,what do ,i mean by national  
glory8 ,glory such as ,hull1 ,jackson1  

and ,perry have acquired4 ,and are      
gentlemen insensible to their deeds1 to 
the value of them in animating the      
country in the hour of peril hereafter8 
,did the battle of ,thermopyl preserve  
,greece but once8 ,while the            
,mississippi contributes to bear the    
tributes of the ,iron ,mountains and the
 ,alleghenies to her delta1 and to the  
,gulf of ,mexico1 the eighth of ,january
 shall be remembered1 and the glory of  
that day shall stimulate future         
patriots1 and nerve the arms of unborn  
freemen1 in driving the presumptuous    
invader from our country's soil4        
,gentlemen may boast of their           
insensibility to feelings inspired by   
the contemplation of such events4 ,but  
,i would ask1 does the recollection of  
,bunker's ,hill1 ,saratoga1 and         
,yorktown1 afford no pleasure8 ,every   
act of noble sacrifice of the country1  
every instance of patriotic devotion to 
her cause1 has its beneficial influence4
 ,a nation's character is the sum of its

 splendid deeds2 they constitute one    
common patrimony1 the country's         
inheritance4 ,they awe foreign powers2  
they arouse and animate our own people4 
,i love true glory4 ,it is this         
sentiment which ought to be cherished2  
and1 in spite of cavils1 and sneers1 and
 attempts to put it down1 it will rise  
triumphant1 and finally conduct this    
nation to that height1 to which nature  
and nature's ,god have destined it4     
,h4 ,clay4                              
,,cxxxii4                               
,,brutus ,,on ,,the ,,death ,,of        
,c,,sar4  ,romans1 countrymen1 and      
lovers6 ,hear me for my cause2 and be   
silent1 that you may hear4 ,believe me  
for mine honor2 and have respect to mine
 honor1 that you may believe4 ,censure  
me in your wisdom2 and awake your       
senses1 that you may be the better      
judge4 ,if there be any in this         
assembly1--any dear friend of           
,csar's--to him ,i say1 that ,brutus'   
love to ,csar was not less than his4    

,if1 then1 that friend demand why       
,brutus rose against ,csar1 this is my  
answer3 ,not that ,i loved ,csar less1  
but that ,i loved ,rome more4 ,had you  
rather ,csar were living1 and die all   
slaves2 than that ,csar were dead1 to   
live all freemen8 ,as ,csar loved me1 ,i
 weep for him2 as he was fortunate1 ,i  
rejoice at it2 as he was valiant1 ,i    
honor him2 but as he was ambitious1 ,i  
slew him4 ,there are tears for his love1
 joy for his fortune1 honor for his     
valor1 and death for his ambition4  ,who
 is here so base1 that would be a       
bondman8 ,if any1 speak2 for him have ,i
 offended4 ,who is here so rude1 that   
would not be a ,roman8 ,if any1 speak2  
for him have ,i offended4 ,who is here  
so vile1 that will not love his country8
 ,if any1 speak2 for him have ,i        
offended4 ,i pause for a reply1---      
,none8 ,then none have ,i offended4 ,i  
have done no more to ,csar than you     
shall do to ,brutus4 ,the question of   
his death is enrolled in the ,capitol2  

his glory not extenuated1 wherein he was
 worthy2 nor his offences enforced1 for 
which he suffered death4  ,here comes   
his body1 mourned by ,mark ,antony1 who1
 though he had no hand in his death1    
shall receive the benefit of his dying1 
a place in the commonwealth2 as which of
 you shall not8 ,with this ,i           
depart2--that1 as ,i slew my best lover 
for the good of ,rome1 ,i have the same 
dagger for myself1 when it shall please 
my country to need my death4            
,shakespeare4                           
,,cxxxiii4                              
,,hamlet',s ,,address ,,to ,,the        
,,players4  ,speak the speech1 ,i pray  
you1 as ,i pronounced it to you1        
grippingly on the tongue2 but if you    
mouth it1 as many of our players do1 ,i 
had as life the town-crier spoke my     
lines4 ,nor do not saw the air too much 
with your hand1 thus2 but use all       
gently2 for in the very torrent1        
tempest1 and 7as ,i may say7 whirlwind  
of your passion1 you must acquire and   

beget a temperance1 that may give it    
smoothness4 ,o1 it offends me to the    
soul1 to hear a robtustious             
periwig-pated fellow tear a passion to  
tatters1 to very rags1 to split the ears
 of the groundlings1 we for the most    
part1 are capable of nothing but        
inexplicable dumb shows and noise3 ,i   
would have such a fellow whipped for    
o'erdoing ,termagant2 it out-herods     
,herod4 ,i pray you1 avoid it4  ,be not 
too tame neither1 but let your own      
discretion be your tutor3 suit the      
action to the word1 the word to the     
action2 with this special observance1   
that you o'erstep not the modesty of    
nature2 for anything so overdone is from
 the purpose of playing1 whose end1 both
 at the first and now1 was1 and is1 to  
hold1 as it were1 the mirror up to      
nature2 to show virtue her own feature1 
scorn her own image1 and the very age   
and body of the time his form and       
pressure4 ,now this overdone1 or come   
tardy off1 though it make the unskilful 

laugh1 cannot but make the judicious    
grieve2 the censure of which one1 must  
in your allowance o'erweigh a whole     
theatre of others4 ,o1 there be players1
 that ,i have seen play1--and heard     
others praise1 and that highly1--not to 
speak it profanely1 that1 neither having
 the accent of ,christians1 nor the gait
 of ,christian1 ,pagan1 nor man1 have so
 strutted and bellowed1 that ,i have    
thought some of ,nature's journeymen had
 made men1 and not made them well1 they 
imitated humanity so abominably4        
,shakespeare4                           
,,cxxxiv4                               
,,falstaff',s ,,description ,,of ,,his  
,,soldiers4  ,if ,i be not ashamed of my
 soldiers1 ,i am a soused gurnet4 ,i    
have misused the king's press           
outrageously4 ,i have got1 in exchange  
of an hundred and fifty soldiers1 three 
hundred and odd pounds4 ,i press me none
 but good householders1 yeoman's sons2  
inquire me out contracted bachelors1    
such as have been asked twice on the    

banns2 such a commodity of warm slaves1 
as had as life hear the devil as a drum2
 such as fear the report of a culverin  
worse than a struck deer or a hurt wild 
duck4 ,i pressed me none but such toasts
 in butter1 with hearts in their breasts
 no bigger than pins' heads2 and they   
bought out their services2 and now my   
whole charge consists of slaves as      
ragged as ,lazarus in the painted cloth1
 where the glutton's dogs licked his    
sores2 discarded1 unjust serving-men1   
younger sons to younger brothers1       
revolted tapsters1 and hostlers         
trade-fallen1 the cankers of a calm     
world and a long peace2 and such have ,i
 to fill up the rooms of them that have 
bought out their services1 that you     
would think1 that ,i had an hundred and 
fifty tattered prodigals1 lately come   
from swine-keeping1 from eating draff   
and husks4 ,a mad fellow met me on the  
way1 and told me ,i had unloaded all the
 gibbets1 and pressed the dead bodies4  
,no eye hath seen such scarecrows4 ,i'll

 not march through ,coventry with them1 
that's flat4 ,nay1 and the villains     
march wide betwixt the legs1 as if--they
 had gyves on2 for1 indeed ,i had the   
most of them out of prison4 ,there's but
 a shirt and a half in all my company2  
and the half-shirt it is two napkins    
tacked together1 and thrown over the    
shoulders like a herald's coat without  
sleeves2 and the shirt1 to say the      
truth1 stolen from my host of ,st4      
,albans1 or the red-nosed innkeeper of  
,daintry4 ,but that's all one2 they'll  
find linen enough on every hedge4       
,shakespeare4                           
,,cxxxv4                                
,,soliloquy ,,on ,,character4  ,as young
 as ,i am1 ,i have observed these three 
swashers4 ,i am boy to them all three3  
but all they three1 though they would   
serve me1 could not be man to me2 for1  
indeed1 three such antics do not amount 
to a man4 ,for ,bardolph1--he is        
white-livered1 and red-faced2 by the    
means whereof 'a faces it out1 but      

fights not4 ,for ,pistol1--he hath a    
killing tongue1 and a quiet sword2 by   
the means whereof 'a breaks words1 and  
keeps whole weapons4 ,for ,nym1--he hath
 heard1 that men of a few words are the 
best men2 and therefore he scorns to say
 his prayers1 lest 'a should be thought 
a coward2 but his few bad words are     
matched with as few good deeds2 for 'a  
never broke any man's head but his own1 
and that was against a post1 when he was
 drunk4 ,they will steal anything1 and  
call it--purchase4 ,bardolph stole a    
lute-case2 bore it twelve leagues1 and  
sold it for three half-pence4 ,nym and  
,bardolph are sworn brothers in         
filching2 and in ,calais they stole a   
fire-shovel2 ,i knew1 by that piece of  
service1 the men would carry coals4     
,they would have me as familiar with    
men's pockets1 as their gloves or their 
handkerchiefs2 which makes much against 
my manhood1 if ,i should take from      
another's pocket1 to put into mine2 for 
it is plain pocketing up of wrongs4 ,i  

must leave them1 and seek some better   
service3 their villainy goes against my 
weak stomach1 and therefore ,i must cast
 it up4                                 
,shakespeare4                           
,,cxxxvi4                               
,,death ,,of ,,hamilton4  ,a short time 
since1 and he who is the occasion of our
 sorrows1 was the ornament of his       
country4 ,he stood on an eminence2 and  
glory covered him4 ,from that eminence  
he has fallen--suddenly1 forever1       
fallen4 ,his intercourse with the living
 world is now ended2 and those who would
 hereafter find him must seek him in the
 grave4 ,there1 cold and lifeless1 and  
the heart which just now was the seat of
 friendship4 ,there1 dim and sightless  
is the eye1 whose radiant and enlivening
 orb beamed with intelligence2 and      
there1 closed forever are those lips1 on
 whose persuasive accents we have so    
often and so lately hung with transport4
  ,from the darkness which rests upon   
his tomb there proceeds1 methinks1 a    

light in which it is clearly seen that  
those gaudy objects which men pursue are
 only phantoms4 ,in this light how dimly
 shines the splendor of victory--how    
humble appears the majesty of grandeur4 
,the bubble which seemed to have so much
 solidity has burst2 and we again see   
that all below the sun is vanity4       
,true1 the funeral eulogy has been      
pronounced4 ,the sad and solemn         
procession has moved4 ,the badge of     
mourning has already been decreed1 and  
presently the sculptured marble will    
lift up its front1 proud to perpetuate  
the name of ,hamilton1 and rehearse to  
the passing traveller his virtues4      
,just tributes of respect6 ,and to the  
living useful4 ,but to him1 mouldering  
in his narrow and humble habitation1    
what are they8 ,how vain6 how           
unavailing6 ,approach1 and behold--while
 ,i lift from his sepulchre its         
covering4 ,ye admirers of his neatness1 
ye emulous of his talents and his fame1 
approach1 and behold him now4 ,how pale6

 how silent6 ,no martial bands admire   
the adroitness of his movements4 ,no    
fascinated throng weep--and melt--and   
tremble at his eloquence6--,amazing     
change4 ,a shroud6 a coffin6 a narrow   
subterraneous cabin6 ,this is all that  
now remains of ,hamilton6 ,and is this  
all that remains of him8--,during a life
 so transitory1 what lasting monument   
then can our fondest hopes erect8  ,my  
brethren6 we stand on the borders of an 
awful gulf1 which is swallowing up all  
things human4 ,and is there1 amidst this
 universal wreck1 nothing stable1       
nothing abiding1 notating immortal1 on  
which poor1 frail1 dying man can fasten8
  ,ask the hero1 ask the statesman1     
whose wisdom you have been accustomed to
 revere1 and he will tell you4 ,he will 
tell you1 did ,i say8 ,he has already   
told you1 from his death-bed1 and his   
illumined spirit still whispers from the
 heavens1 with well-known eloquence1 the
 solemn admonition4  ,mortals6 hastening
 to the tomb1 and once the companions of

 my pilgrimage1 take warning and avoid  
my errors--,cultivate the virtues ,i    
have recommended--,choose the ,saviour  
,i have chosen--,live                   
disinterestedly--,live for immortality2 
and would you rescue anything from final
 dissolution1 lay it up in ,god4        
,dr4 ,nott4                             
,,cxxxvii4                              
,,invective ,,against ,,mr4 ,,flood4    
,it is not the slander of an evil tongue
 that can defame me4 ,i maintain my     
reputation in public and in private     
life4 ,no man who has not a bad         
character can ever say that ,i deceived2
 no country can call me cheat4 ,but ,i  
will suppose such a public character4 ,i
 will suppose such a man to have        
existence4 ,i will begin with his       
character in its political cradle1 and  
,i will follow him to the last state of 
political dissolution4 ,i will suppose  
him1 in the first stage of his life1 to 
have been intemperate2 in the second1 to
 have been corrupt2 and in the last1    

seditious2 that after an envenomed      
attack upon the persons and measures of 
a succession of viceroys1 and after much
 declamation against their illegalities 
and their profusion1 he took office1 and
 became a supporter of government when  
the profusion of ministers had greatly  
increased1 and their crimes multiplied  
beyond example4 ,at such a critical     
moment1 ,i will suppose this gentleman  
to be corrupted by a great sinecure     
office to muzzle his declamation1 to    
swallow his invective1 to give his      
assent and vote to the ministers1 and to
 become a supporter of government1 its  
measures1 its embargo1 and its ,american
 war4 ,i will suppose1 that with respect
 to the ,constitution of his country    
that part1 for instance1 which regarded 
the ,mutiny ,bill1 when a clause of     
reference was introduced1 whereby the   
articles of war1 which were1 or         
hereafter might be1 passed in ,england1 
should be current in ,ireland without   
the interference of ,parliament--when   

such a clause was in view1 ,i will      
suppose this gentleman to have          
absconded4 ,again1 when the bill was    
made perpetual1 ,i will suppose him     
again to have absconded2 but a year and 
a half after the bill had passed then ,i
 will suppose this gentleman to have    
come forward1 and to say that your      
,constitution had been destroyed by the 
,perpetual ,bill4  ,with respect to     
commerce1 ,i will suppose this gentleman
 to have supported an embargo which lay 
on the country for three years1 and     
almost destroyed it2 and when an address
 in #aggh1 to open her trade1 was       
propounded1 to remain silent and        
inactive4 ,in relation to three fourths 
of our fellow-subjects1 the ,catholics1 
when a bill was introduced to grant them
 rights of property and religion1 ,i    
will suppose this gentleman to have come
 forth to give his negative to their    
pretensions4  ,with regard to the       
liberties of ,america1 which were       
inseparable from ours1 ,i will suppose  

this gentleman to have been an enemy1   
decided and unreserved2 that he voted   
against her liberty1 and voted1         
moreover1 for an address to send four   
thousand ,irish troops to cut the       
throats of the ,americans2 that he      
called these butchers armed negotiators1
 and stood with a metaphor in his mouth1
 and a bribe in his pocket1 a champion  
against the rights of ,america1 the only
 hope of ,ireland1 and the only refuge  
of the liberties of mankind4 ,thus      
defective in every relationship1 whether
 to ,constitution1 commerce1 or         
toleration1 ,i will suppose this man to 
have added much private improbity to    
public crimes2 that his probity was like
 his patriotism1 and his honor on a     
level with his oath4  ,he loves to      
deliver panegyrics on himself4 ,i will  
interrupt him1 and say1 ,sir1 you are   
mistaken if you think that your talents 
have been as great as your life has been
 reprehensible4 ,you began your         
parliamentary career with an acrimony   

and personality which could have been   
justified only by a supposition of      
virtue4 ,after a rank and clamorous     
opposition you became1 on a sudden1     
silent2 you were silent for seven years2
 you were silent on the greatest        
questions2 and you were silent for      
money6 ,you supported the unparalleled  
profusion and jobbing of ,lord          
,harcourt's scandalous ministry--the    
address to support the ,american        
war--the other address to send four     
thousand men1 which you had yourself    
declared to be necessary for the defence
 of ,ireland1 to fight against the      
liberties of ,america1 to which you had 
declared yourself a friend4 ,you1 sir1  
who manufacture stage-thunder against   
,mr4 ,eden for his anti-,american       
principles--you1 sir1 whom it pleases to
 chant a hymn to the immortal           
,hampden--you1 sir1 approved of the     
tyranny exercised against ,america2 and 
you1 sir1 voted four thousand ,irish    
troops to cut the throats of the        

,americans fighting for their freedom1  
fighting for your freedom1 fighting for 
the great principle1 ,liberty6 ,but you 
found1 at last 7and this should be an   
eternal lesson to men of your craft and 
cunning71 that the ,king2 had only      
dishonored you2 the court had bought1   
but would not trust you2 and1 having    
voted for the worst measures1 you       
remained1 for seven years1 the creature 
of salary1 without the conscience of    
government4 ,mortified at the discovery1
 and stung by disappointment1 you betake
 yourself to the sad expedients of      
duplicity4 ,you try the sorry game of a 
trimmer in your progress to the acts of 
an incendiary4 ,you give no honest      
support either to the government or the 
people2 observing1 with regard to both  
prince and people1 the most impartial   
treachery and desertion1 you justify the
 suspicion of your ,sovereign1 by       
betraying the government1 as you had    
sold the people1 until1 at last1 by this
 hollow conduct1 and for some other     

steps1 the result of mortified ambition1
 being dismissed1 and another person put
 in your place1 you fly to the ranks of 
the ,volunteers and canvas1 for mutiny4 
,such has been your conduct2 and at such
 conduct every order of your            
fellow-subjects have a right to exclaim6
 ,the merchant may say to you--the      
constitutionality may say to you--the   
,american may say to you--and ,i1 ,i now
 say1 and say to your beard1 sir1--'you 
are not an honest man6'                 
,h4 ,gratton4                           
,,cxxxviii4                             
,,grattan',s ,,reply ,,to ,,mr4 ,,corry4
  ,has the gentleman done8 ,has he      
completely done8 ,he was unparliamentary
 from the beginning to the end of his   
speech4 ,there was scarce a word he     
uttered that was not a violation of the 
privileges of the ,house4 ,but ,i did   
not call him to order1 why8 because the 
limited talents of some men render it   
impossible for them to be severe without
 being unparliamentary4 ,but before ,i  

sit down1 ,i shall show him how to be   
severe and parliamentary at the same    
time4  ,on any other occasion1 ,i should
 think myself justifiable in treating   
with silent contempt anything which     
might fall from that honorable member2  
but there are times1 when the           
insignificance of the accuser is lost in
 the magnitude of the accusation4 ,i    
know the difficulty the honorable       
gentleman labored under when he attacked
 me1 conscious that1 on a comparative   
view of our characters1 public and      
private1 there is nothing he could say  
which would injure me4 ,the public would
 not believe the charge4 ,i despise the 
falsehood4 ,if such a charge were made  
by an honest man1 ,i would answer it in 
the manner ,i shall do before ,i sit    
down4 ,but ,i shall first reply to it   
when not made by an honest man4  ,the   
right honorable gentleman has called me 
an unimpeached traitor4 ,i ask why not  
traitor1 unqualified by any epithet8 ,i 
will tell him2 it was because he durst  

not4 ,it was the act of a coward1 who   
raises his arm to strike1 but has not   
courage to give the blow4 ,i will not   
call him villain1 because it would be   
unparliamentary1 and he is a privy      
counsellor4 ,i will not call him fool1  
because he happens to be chancellor of  
the exchequer4 ,but ,i say he is one who
 has abused the privilege of            
,parliament1 and the freedom of debate1 
by uttering language1 which1 if spoken  
out of the ,house1 ,i should answer only
 with a blow4 ,i care not how high his  
situation1 how low his character1 how   
contemptible his speech2 whether a privy
 counsellor or a parasite1 my answer    
would be a blow4  ,he has charged me    
with being connected with the rebels4   
,the charge is utterly1 totally and     
meanly false4 ,does the honorable       
gentleman rely on the report of the     
,house of ,lords for the foundation of  
his assertion8 ,if he does1 ,i can prove
 to the committee there was a physical  
impossibility of that report being true4

 ,but ,i scorn to answer any man for my 
conduct1 whether he be a political      
coxcomb1 or whether he brought himself  
into power by a false glare of courage  
or not4  ,i have returned1 not as the   
right honorable member has said1 to     
raise another storm--,i have returned to
 discharge an honorable debt of         
gratitude to my country1 that conferred 
a great reward for past services1 which1
 ,i am proud to say1 was not greater    
than my desert4 ,i have returned to     
protect that ,constitution1 of which ,i 
was the parent and founder1 from the    
assassination of such men as the right  
honorable gentleman and his unworthy    
associates4 ,they are corrupt1--they are
 seditious1--and they1 at this very     
moment1 are in a conspiracy against     
their country4 ,i have returned to      
refute a libel1 as false as it is       
malicious1 given to the public under the
 appellation of a report of the         
committee of the ,lords4 ,here ,i stand 
ready for impeachment or trial4 ,i dare 

accusation4 ,i defy the honorable       
gentleman2 ,i defy the government2 ,i   
defy their whole phalanx2 let them come 
forth4 ,i tell the ministers1 ,i will   
neither give quarter nor take it4 ,i am 
here to lay the shattered remains of my 
constitution on the floor of this       
,house1 in defence of the liberties of  
my country4                             
,,cxxxix4                   ,,speech    
,,of ,,titus ,,quinctius ,,to ,,the     
,,romans4  ,you have seen it--posterity 
will know it6 in the fourth consulship  
of ,titus ,quinctius1 our enemies came  
in arms1 to the very gates of           
,rome1--and went away unchastised6 ,but 
who are they that our dastardly enemies 
thus despise8--the consuls1 or you1     
,romans8 ,if we are in fault1 depose us1
 or punish us yet more severely4 ,if you
 are to blame--may neither gods nor men 
punish your faults6 only may you        
repent6--,no1 ,romans1 the confidence of
 our enemies is not owing to their      
courage1 or to their belief of your     

cowardice2 they have been too often     
vanquished1 not to know both themselves 
and you4 ,discord1 discord is the ruin  
of this city6 ,the eternal disputes1    
between the senate and the people1 are  
the sole cause of our misfortunes4      
,while we set no bounds to our dominion1
 nor you to your liberty2 while you     
impatiently endure ,patrician           
magistrates1 and we ,plebeian2 our      
enemies take heart1 grow elated1 and    
presumptuous4 ,in the name of the       
immortal gods1 what is it1 ,romans1 you 
would have8 ,you desired ,tribunes2 for 
the sake of peace1 we granted them4 ,you
 were eager to have ,decemvirs2 we      
consented to their creation4 ,you grew  
weary of these ,decemvirs2 we obliged   
them to abdicate4 ,your hatred pursued  
them when reduced to private men2 and we
 suffered you to put to death1 or       
banish1 ,patricians of the first rank in
 the republic4 ,you insisted upon the   
restoration of the ,tribuneship2 we     
yielded2 we quietly saw ,consuls of your

 own faction elected4 ,you have the     
protection of your ,tribunes1 and the   
privilege of appeal2 the ,patricians are
 subjected to the decrees of the        
,commons4 ,under pretence of equal and  
impartial laws1 you have invaded our    
rights2 and we have suffered it1 and we 
still suffer it4 ,when shall we see an  
end of discord8 ,when shall we have one 
interest1 and one common country8       
,victorious and triumphant1 you show    
less temper than we1 under defeat4 ,when
 you are to contend with us1 you can    
seize the ,aventine hill1 you can       
possess yourselves of the ,mons ,sacer4 
,the enemy is at our gates1--the        
squiline is near being taken1--and      
nobody stirs to hinder it6 ,but against 
us you are valiant1 against us you can  
arm with diligence4 ,come on1 then1     
besiege the senate-house1 make a camp of
 the forum1 fill the jails with our     
chief nobles1 and when you have achieved
 these glorious exploits1 then1 at last1
 sally out at the squiline gate1 with   

the same fierce spirits1 against the    
enemy4 ,does your resolution fail you   
for this8 ,go then1 and behold from our 
walls your lands ravaged1 your houses   
plundered and in flames1 the whole      
country laid waste with fire and sword4 
,have you anything here to repair these 
damages8 ,will the ,tribunes make up    
your losses to you8 ,they will give you 
words as many as you please2 bring      
impeachments in abundance against the   
prime men in the ,state2 heap laws upon 
laws2 assemblies you shall have without 
end2 but will any of you return the     
richer from these assemblies8           
,extinguish1 ,o ,romans1 these fatal    
divisions2 generously break this cursed 
enchantment1 which keeps you buried in a
 scandalous inaction4 ,open your eyes   
and consider the management of those    
ambitious men1 who1 to make themselves  
powerful in their party1 study nothing  
but how they may foment divisions in the
 commonwealth4                          
,,cxl4                             ,,the

 ,,boston ,,massacre4  ,tell me1 ye     
bloody butchers6 ye villains high and   
low6 ye wretches who contrived1 as well 
as you who executed1 the inhuman deed6  
do you not feel the goads and stings of 
conscious guilt pierce through your     
savage bosoms8 ,though some of you may  
think yourselves exalted to such a      
height that bids defiance to the arms of
 human justice1 and others shroud       
yourselves beneath the mask of          
hypocrisy1 and build your hopes of      
safety on the low arts of cunning1      
chicanery1 and falsehood2 yet do you not
 sometimes feel the gnawings of that    
worm which never dies8 ,do not the      
injured shades of ,maverick1 ,gray1     
,caldwell1 ,attucks1 and ,carr1 attend  
you in your solitary walks1 arrest you  
even in the midst of your debaucheries1 
and fill even your dreams with terror8  
,ye dark1 designing knaves6 ye          
murderers6 parricides6 how dare you     
tread upon the earth which has drank in 
the blood of slaughtered innocents1 shed

 by your wicked hands8 ,how dare you    
breathe that air which wafted to the ear
 of ,heaven the groans of those who fell
 a sacrifice to your accursed ambition8 
,but1 if the laboring earth does not    
expand her jaws2 if the air you breathe 
is not commissioned to be the minister  
of death2 yet hear it1 and tremble6 the 
eye of ,heaven penetrates the darkest   
chambers of the soul2 traces the leading
 clew through all the labyrinths which  
your industrious folly has devised2 and 
you1 however you may have screened      
yourselves from human eyes1 must be     
arraigned1 must lift your hands1 red    
with the blood of those whose deaths you
 have procured1 at the tremendous bar of
 ,god4                                  
,john ,hancock4                         
,,cxli4                                 
,,enterprise ,,of ,,new ,,england4  ,as 
to the wealth1 ,mr4 ,speaker1 which the 
colonies have drawn from the sea by     
their fisheries1 you had all that matter
 fully opened at your bar4 ,you surely  

thought those acquisitions of value2 for
 they seemed even to excite your envy2  
and yet the spirit by which that        
enterprising employment has been        
exercised1 ought rather1 in my opinion1 
to have raised your esteem and          
admiration4 ,and pray1 sir1 what in the 
world is equal to it8 ,pass by the other
 parts1 and look at the manner in which 
the people of ,new ,england have of late
 carried on the whale fishery4 ,whilst  
we follow them among the tumbling       
mountains of ice1 and behold them       
penetrating into the deepest frozen     
recesses of ,hudson's ,bay and ,davis's 
,straits1 whilst we are looking for them
 beneath the arctic circle1 we hear that
 they have pierced into the opposite    
region of polar cold1 that they are at  
the antipodes1 and engaged under the    
frozen serpent of the south4 ,falkland  
island1 which seemed too remote and     
romantic an object for the grasp of     
national ambition1 is but a stage and   
resting-place in the progress of their  

victorious industry4  ,nor is the       
equinoctial heat more discouraging to   
them than the accumulated winter of both
 the poles4 ,we know that whilst some of
 them draw the line and strike the      
harpoon on the coast of ,africa1 others 
run the longitude1 and pursue their     
gigantic game along the coast of        
,brazil4 ,no sea but what is vexed by   
their fisheries4 ,no climate that is not
 witness to their toils4 ,neither the   
perseverance of ,holland1 nor the       
activity of ,france1 nor the dexterous  
and firm sagacity of ,english           
enterprise1 ever carried this most      
perilous mode of hardy industry to the  
extent to which it has been pushed by   
this recent people2 a people who are    
still1 as it were1 but in the gristle1  
and not yet hardened into the bone of   
manhood4  ,when ,i contemplate these    
things2 when ,i know that the colonies  
in general owe little or nothing to any 
care of ours1 and that they are not     
squeezed into this happy form by the    

constrains of watchful and suspicious   
government1 but that through a wise and 
salutary neglect1 a generous nature has 
been suffered to take her own way to    
perfection2 when ,i reflect upon these  
effects1 when ,i see how profitable they
 have been to us1 ,i feel all the pride 
of power sink1 and all presumption in   
the wisdom of human contrivances melt   
and die away within me4 ,my rigor       
relents4 ,i pardon something to the     
spirit of liberty4                      
,e4 ,burke4                             
,,cxlii4                     ,,the      
,,right ,,of ,,england ,,to ,,tax       
,,america4  ,but ,mr4 ,speaker1 we have 
a right to tax ,america4 ,oh1           
inestimable right6 ,oh1 wonderful1      
transcendent right6 the assertion of    
which has cost this country thirteen    
provinces1 six islands1 one hundred     
thousand lives1 and seventy millions of 
money4 ,oh1 invaluable right6 for the   
sake of which we have sacrificed our    
rank among nations1 our importance      

abroad1 and our happiness at home6 ,oh1 
right6 more dear to us than our         
existence1 which has already cost us so 
much1 and which seems likely to cost us 
our all4 ,infatuated man6 ,miserable and
 undone country6 not to know that the   
claim of right1 without the power of    
enforcing it1 is nugatory and idle4 ,we 
have a right to tax ,america1 the noble 
lord tells us therefore we ought to tax 
,america4 ,this is the profound logic   
which comprises the whole chain of his  
reasoning4  ,not inferior to this was   
the wisdom of him who resolved to shear 
the wolf4 ,what1 shear a wolf6 ,have you
 considered the resistance1 the         
difficulty1 the danger of the attempt8  
,no1 says the madman1 ,i have considered
 nothing but the right4 ,man has a right
 of dominion over the beasts of the     
forest2 and therefore ,i will shear the 
wolf4  ,how wonderful that a nation     
could be thus deluded6 ,but the noble   
lord deals in cheats and delusions4     
,they are the daily traffic of his      

invention2 and he will continue to play 
to his cheats on this ,house1 so long as
 he thinks them necessary to his        
purpose1 and so long as he has money    
enough at command to bribe gentlemen to 
pretend that they believe him4 ,but a   
black and bitter day of reckoning will  
surely come2 and whenever that day      
comes1 ,i trust ,i shall be able1 by a  
parliamentary impeachment1 to bring upon
 the heads of the authors of our        
calamities the punishment they deserve4 
,e4 ,burke4                             
,,cxliii4                               
,,description ,,of ,,junius4            
,sir1--,how comes this ,junius to have  
broken through the cobwebs of the law1  
and to range uncontrolled1 unpunished1  
through the land8 ,the myrmidons of the 
court have been long1 and are still     
pursuing him in vain4 ,they will not    
spend their time upon me1 or you1 or    
you4 ,no6 they disdain such vermin1 when
 the mighty boar of the forest1 that has
 broken through all their toils1 is     

before them4 ,but what will all their   
efforts avail8 ,no sooner has he wounded
 one than he lays down another dead at  
his feet4 ,for my part1 when ,i saw his 
attack upon the king1 ,i own my blood   
ran cold4 ,i thought he had ventured too
 far1 and there was an end of his       
triumphs4 ,not that he had not asserted 
many truths3--,yes1 sir1 there are in   
that composition many bold truths1 by   
which a wise prince might profit4 ,it   
was the rancor and venom1 with which ,i 
was struck4 ,in these aspects the       
,north-,briton is as much inferior to   
him1 as in strength1 wit1 and judgment4 
,but while ,i expected1 in this daring  
flight1 his final ruin and fall1 behold 
him rising still higher1 and coming down
 souse upon both ,houses of ,parliament4
 ,yes1 he did make you his quarry1 and  
you still bleed from the wounds of his  
talons4 ,you crouched1 and still crouch1
 beneath his rage4 ,nor has he dreaded  
the terrors of your brow1 sir2 he has   
attacked even you--he has--and ,i       

believe you have no reason to triumph in
 the encounter4 ,in short1 after        
carrying away our royal eagle in his    
pounces1 and dashing him against a rock1
 he has laid you prostrate4 ,king1 lords
 and commons1 are but the sport of his  
fury4  ,were he a member of this ,house1
 what might not be expected from his    
knowledge1 his firmness1 and integrity8 
,he would be easily known by his        
contempt of all danger1 by his          
penetration1 by his vigor4 ,nothing     
would escape his vigilance and activity4
 ,bad ministers could conceal nothing   
from his sagacity2 nor could promises   
nor threats induce him to conceal       
anything from the public4               
,e4 ,burke4                             
,,cxliv4                                
,,true ,,statesmanship4  ,the true      
lawgiver ought to have a heart full of  
sensibility4 ,he ought to love and      
respect his kind1 and to fear himself4  
,it may be allowed to his temperament to
 catchy his ultimate object with an     

intuitive glance1 but his movements     
toward it ought to be deliberate4       
,political arrangement1 as it is a work 
for social ends1 is to be wrought only  
by social means4 ,there mind must       
conspire with mind4 ,time is required to
 produce all the good we aim at4 ,our   
patience will achieve more than our     
force4 ,if ,i might venture to appeal to
 what is so much out of fashion in      
,paris1 ,i mean to experience1 ,i should
 tell you that in my course ,i have     
known1 and1 according to my measure1    
have coperated with great men2 and ,i   
have never yet seen any plan which has  
not been mended by the observations of  
those who were much inferior in         
understanding to the person who took the
 lead in business4 ,by a slow but       
well-sustained progress the effect of   
each step is watched2 the good or ill   
success of the first gives light to us  
in the second2 and so1 from light to    
light1 we are conducted with safety     
through the whole series4 ,we see that  

the parts of the system do not clash4   
,the evils latent in the most promising 
contrivances are provided for as they   
arise4 ,one advantage is as little as   
possible sacrificed to another4 ,we     
compensate1 we reconcile1 we balance4   
,we are enabled to unite into a         
consistent whole the various anomalies  
and contending principles that are found
 in the minds and affairs of men4 ,from 
hence arises not an excellence in       
simplicity but one far superior1 an     
excellence in composition4 ,where the   
great interests of mankind are concerned
 through a long succession of           
generations1 that succession ought to be
 admitted into some share in the        
councils which are so deeply to affect  
them4 ,if justice requires this1 the    
work itself requires the aid of more    
minds than one age can furnish4 ,it is  
from this view of things that the best  
legislators have been often satisfied   
with the establishment of some sure1    
solid1 and ruling principle in          

government2 a power like to that which  
some of the philosophers have called a  
plastic nature2 and having fixed the    
principle1 they have left it afterward  
to its own operation4                   
,e4 ,burke4                             
,,cxlv4                ,,the ,,queen    
,,of ,,france ,,and ,,the ,,spirit ,,of 
,,chivalry4  ,i hear1 and ,i rejoice to 
hear1 that the great lady1 the other    
object of the triumph1 has borne that   
day 7one is interested that beings made 
for suffering should suffer well71 and  
that she bears all the succeeding       
days--that she bears the imprisonment of
 her husband1 and her own captivity1 and
 the exile of her friends1 and the      
insulting adulation of addresses1 and   
the whole weight of her accumulated     
wrongs1 with a serene patience1 in a    
manner suited to her rank and race and  
becoming the offspring of a sovereign   
distinguished for her piety and her     
courage2 that1 like her1 she has lofty  
sentiments2 that she feels with the     

dignity of a ,roman matron2 that in the 
last extremity she will save herself2   
and that1 if she must fall1 she will    
fall by no ignoble hand4  ,it is now    
sixteen or seventeen years since ,i saw 
the ,queen of ,france1 then the         
dauphiness1 at ,versailles2 and surely  
never lighted on this orb1 which she    
hardly seemed to touch1 a more          
delightful vision4 ,i saw her just above
 the horizon1 decorating and cheering   
the elevated sphere she just began to   
move in1 glittering like the morning    
star full of life and splendor and joy4 
,oh6 what a revolution6 and what a heart
 must ,i have1 to contemplate1 without  
emotion1 that elevation and that fall6  
,little did ,i dream1 when she added    
titles of veneration to those of        
enthusiastic1 distant1 respectful love1 
that she should ever be obliged to carry
 the sharp antidote against disgrace    
concealed in that bosom2 little did ,i  
dream that ,i should have lived to see  
such disasters fallen upon her in a     

nation of gallant men1 in a nation of   
men of honor and of cavaliers4 ,i       
thought ten thousand swords must have   
leaped from their scabbards to avenge   
even a look that threatened her with    
insult8 ,but the age of chivalry is     
gone2 that of sophisters1 economists and
 calculators has succeeded2 and the     
glory of ,europe is extinguished        
forever4 ,never1 never more shall we    
behold that generous loyalty to rank and
 sex1 that proud submission1 that       
dignified obedience1 that subordination 
of the heart1 which kept alive1 even in 
servitude itself the spirit of an       
exalted freedom4  ,the unbought grace of
 life1 the cheap defence of nations1 the
 nurse of manly sentiment and heroic    
enterprise is gone6 ,it is gone1 that   
sensibility of principle1 that chastity 
of honor1 which felt a stain like a     
wound1 which inspired courage while it  
mitigated ferocity1 which ennobled      
whatever it touched1 and under which    
vice itself lost half its evil by losing

 all its grossness4                     
,e4 ,burke4                             
,,cxlvi4                ,,peroration    
,,of ,,opening ,,speech ,,against       
,,hastings4  ,in the name of the        
,commons of ,england1 ,i charge all this
 villany upon ,warren ,hastings1 in this
 last moment of my application to you4  
,my ,lords1 what is it that we want here
 to a great act of national justice8 ,do
 we want a cause1 my ,lords8 ,you care  
the cause of oppressed princes1 of      
undone women of the first rank1 of      
desolated provinces1 and of wasted      
kingdoms4  ,do you want a criminal1 my  
,lords8 ,when was there so much iniquity
 ever laid to the charge of any one8    
,no1 my ,lords1 you must not look to    
punish any other such delinquent from   
,india4 ,warren ,hastings has not left  
substance enough in ,india to nourish   
such another delinquent4  ,my ,lords1 is
 it a prosecutor you want8 ,you have    
before you the ,commons of ,great       
,britain as prosecutors2 and ,i believe 

my ,lords1 that the sun1 in his         
beneficent progress round the world1    
does not behold a more glorious sight   
than that of men1 separated from a      
remote people by the material bounds and
 barriers of nature1 united by the bond 
of a social and moral community--all the
 ,commons of ,england resenting1 as     
their own1 the indignities and          
cruelties1 that are offered to all the  
people of ,india4  ,do we want a        
tribunal8 ,my ,lords1 no example of     
antiquity1 nothing in the modern world1 
nothing in the range of human           
imagination1 can supply us with a       
tribunal like this4 ,my ,lords1 here we 
see virtually1 in the mind's eye1 that  
sacred majesty of the ,crown1 under     
whose authority you sit and whose power 
you exercise4  ,we have here all the    
branches of the royal family1 in a      
situation between majesty and           
subjection1 between the sovereign and   
the subject--offering a pledge1 in that 
situation1 for the support of the rights

 of the ,crown and the liberties of the 
people1 both which extremities they     
touch4  ,my ,lords1 we have a great     
hereditary peerage here2 those who have 
their own honor1 the honor of their     
ancestors1 and of their posterity1 to   
guard1 and who will justify as they     
always have justified1 that provision in
 the ,constitution by which justice is  
made an hereditary office4  ,my ,lords1 
we have here a new nobility1 who have   
risen1 and exalted themselves by various
 merits1 by great civil and military    
services1 which have extended the fame  
of this country from the rising to the  
setting sun4  ,my ,lords1 you have here1
 also1 the lights of our religion2 you  
have the bishops of ,england4 ,my       
,lords1 you have that true image of the 
primitive ,church in its ancient form1  
in its ancient ordinances1 purified from
 the superstitions and the vices which a
 long succession of ages will bring upon
 the best institutions4  ,my ,lords1    
these are the securities which we have  

in all the constituent parts of the body
 of this ,house4 ,we know them1 we      
reckon1 we rest upon them1 and commit   
safely the interests of ,india and of   
humanity into your hands4 ,therefore1 it
 is with confidence1 that1 ordered by   
the ,commons1  ,i impeach ,warren       
,hastings1 ,esquire1 of high crimes and 
misdemeanors1  ,i impeach him in the    
name of the ,commons of ,great ,britain1
 in ,parliament assembled1 whose        
parliamentary trust he has betrayed4  ,i
 impeach him in the name of all the     
,commons of ,great ,britain1 whose      
national character he has dishonored4   
,i impeach him in the name of the people
 of ,india1 whose laws1 rights1 and     
liberties he has subverted1 whose       
property he has destroyed1 whose country
 he has laid waste and desolate4  ,i    
impeach him in the name1 and by virtue  
of those eternal laws of ,justice which 
he has violated4  ,i impeach him in the 
name of human nature itself1 which he   
has cruelly outraged1 injured and       

oppressed1 in both sexes1 in every age1 
rank1 situation and condition of life4  
,e4 ,burke4                             
,,cxlvii4                ,,peroration   
,,of ,,closing ,,speech ,,against       
,,hastings4  ,my ,lords1 at this awful  
close1 in the name of the ,commons1 and 
surrounded by them1 ,i attest the       
retiring1 ,i attest the advancing       
generations between which1 as a link in 
the great chain of eternal order1 we    
stand4--,we call this ,nation1 we call  
the world to witness1 that the ,commons 
have shrunk from no labor2 that we have 
been guilty of no prevarication1 that we
 have made no compromise with crime2    
that we have not feared any odium       
whatsoever1 in the long warfare which we
 have carried on with the crimes--with  
the vices--with the exorbitant          
wealth--with the enormous and           
overpowering influence of ,eastern      
corruption4  ,my ,lords1 your ,house yet
 stands2 it stands as a great edifice2  
but let me say1 that it stands in ruins 

that have been made by the greatest     
moral earthquake that ever convulsed and
 shattered this globe of ours4 ,my      
,lords1 it has pleased ,providence to   
place us in such a state that we appear 
every moment to be on the verge of some 
great mutations4 ,there is one thing1   
and one thing only1 which defies all    
mutation2 that which existed before the 
world1 and will survive the fabric of   
the world itself1--,i mean justice2 that
 justice which1 emanating from the      
,divinity1 has a place in the breast of 
every one of us1 given us for our guide 
in regard to ourselves1 and with regard 
to others1 and which will stand1 after  
this globe is burned to ashes1 our      
advocate or our accuser before the great
 ,judge1 when ,he comes to call upon us 
for the tenor of a well-spent life4  ,my
 ,lords1 the ,commons will share in     
every fate with yon8 ,lordships2 there  
is nothing sinister which can happen to 
you1 in which we shall not be involved2 
and1 if it should so happen1 that we    

shall be subjected to some of those     
frightful changes which we have seen2 if
 it should happen that your ,lordships1 
stripped of all the decorous            
distinctions of human society1 should1  
by hands at once base and cruel1 be led 
to those scaffolds and machines of      
murder upon which great kings and       
glorious queens have shed their blood1  
amidst the prelates1 amidst the nobles1 
amidst the magistrates1 who supported   
their thrones1--may you in those moments
 feel that consolation which ,i am      
persuaded they felt in the critical     
moments of their dreadful agony6  ,my   
,lords1 there is a consolation1 and a   
great consolation it is1 which often    
happens to oppressed virtue and fallen  
dignity2 it often happens that the very 
oppressors and persecutors themselves   
are forced to bear testimony in its     
favor4 ,the ,parliament of ,paris had an
 origin very1 very similar to that of   
the great court before which ,i stand2  
the ,parliament of ,paris continued to  

have a great resemblance to it in its   
,constitution1 even to its fall2 the    
,parliament of ,paris1 my ,lords1--was2 
it is gone6 ,it has passed away2 it has 
vanished like a dream6 ,it fell pierced 
by the sword of the ,compte de          
,mirabeau4 ,and yet that man1 at the    
time of his inflicting the death-wound  
of that ,parliament1 produced at once   
the shortest and the grandest funeral   
oration that ever was or could be made  
upon the departure of a great court of  
magistracy4 ,when he pronounced the     
death sentence upon that ,parliament1   
and inflicted the mortal wound1 he      
declared that his motives for doing it  
were merely political1 and that their   
hands were as pure as those of justice  
itself1 which they administered--a great
 and glorious exit1 my ,lords1 of a     
great and glorious body6  ,my ,lords1 if
 you must fall1 may you so fall6 ,but1  
if you stand1 and stand ,i trust you    
will1 together with the fortunes of this
 ancient monarchy--together with the    

ancient laws and liberties of this great
 and illustrious kingdom1 may you stand 
as unimpeached in honor as in power2 may
 you stand1 not as a substitute for     
virtue1 but as an ornament of virtue1 as
 a security for virtue2 may you stand   
long1 and long stand the terror of      
tyrants2 may you stand the refuge of    
afflicted ,nations2 may you stand a     
sacred temple1 for the perpetual        
residence of an inviolable justice6     
,e4 ,burke4                             
,,cxlviii4                              
,,the ,,crisis ,,of ,,the ,,nation4     
,lay hold on this opportunity of our    
salvation1 ,conscript ,fathers1--by the 
,immortal ,gods ,i conjure you6--and    
remember that you are the foremost men  
here1 in the council chamber of the     
whole earth4 ,give one sign to the      
,roman people that even as now they     
pledge their valor--so you pledge your  
wisdom to the crisis of the ,state4 ,but
 what need that ,i exhort you8 ,is there
 one so insensate as not to understand  

that if we sleep over an occasion such  
as this1 it is ours to bow our necks to 
a tyranny not proud and cruel only1 but 
ignominious--but sinful8 ,do ye not know
 this ,antony8 ,do ye not know his      
companions8 ,do ye not know his whole   
house--insolent--impure--gamesters--drun
kards8 ,to be slaves to such as he1 to  
such as these1 were it not the fullest  
measure of misery conjoined with the    
fullest measure of disgrace8 ,if it be  
so--may the gods avert the omen--that   
the supreme hour of the republic has    
come1 let us1 the rulers of the world1  
rather fall with honor1 than serve with 
infamy6 ,born to glory and to liberty1  
let us hold these bright distinctions   
fast1 or let us greatly die6 ,be it1    
,romans1 our first resolve to strike    
down the tyrant and the tyranny4 ,be it 
our second to endure all things for the 
honor and liberty of our country4 ,to   
submit to infamy for the love of life   
can never come within the contemplation 
of a ,roman soul6 ,for you1 the people  

of ,rome--you whom the gods have        
appointed to rule the world--for you to 
own a master1 is impious4  ,you are in  
the last crisis of nations4 ,to be free 
or to be slaves--that is the question of
 the hour4 ,by every obligation of man  
or ,states it behooves you in this      
extremity to conquer-as your devotion to
 the gods and your concord among        
yourselves encourage you to hope--or to 
bear all things but slavery4 ,other     
nations may bend to servitude2 the      
birthright and the distinction of the   
people of ,rome is liberty4             
,cicero4                                
,,cxlix4                                
,,extract ,,from ,,demosthenes4  ,yes1  
,athenians1 ,i repeat it1 you yourselves
 are the contrivers of your own ruin4   
,lives there a man who has confidence   
enough to deny it8 ,let him arise1 and  
assign1 if he can1 any other cause of   
the success and prosperity of ,philip4  
,but1 you reply1 what ,athens may have  
lost in reputation abroad1 she has      

gained in splendor at home4 ,was there  
ever a greater appearance of prosperity8
 a greater face of plenty8 ,is not the  
city enlarged8 ,are not the streets     
better paved1 houses repaired and       
beautified8 ,away with such trifles6    
,shall ,i be paid with counters8 ,an old
 square new vamped up6 a fountain6 an   
aqueduct6 are these acquisitions to brag
 of8 ,cast your eye upon the magistrate 
under whose ministry you boast these    
precious improvements4 ,behold the      
despicable creature1 raised all at once 
from dirt to opulence2 from the lowest  
obscurity to the highest honors4 ,have  
not some of these upstarts built private
 houses and seats1 vying with the most  
sumptuous of our public palaces8 ,and   
how have their fortunes and their power 
increased1 but as the commonwealth has  
been ruined and impoverished8  ,to what 
are we to impute these disorders1 and to
 what cause assign the decay of a ,state
 so powerful and flourishing in past    
times8 ,the reason is plain4 ,the       

servant is now become the master4 ,the  
magistrate was then subservient to the  
people3 all honors1 dignities1 and      
preferments1 were disposed by the voice 
and favor of the people2 but the        
magistrate1 now1 has usurped the right  
of the people1 and exercises an         
arbitrary authority over his ancient and
 natural lord4 ,you1 miserable people6  
the meanwhile1 without money1 without   
friends1--from being the ruler1 are     
become the servant2 from being the      
master1 the dependent3 happy that these 
governors1 into whose hands you have    
thus resigned your own power1 are so    
good and so gracious as to continue your
 poor allowance to see plays4  ,believe 
me1 ,athenians1 if1 recovering from this
 lethargy1 you would assume the ancient 
spirit and freedom of your fathers if   
you would be your own soldiers and own  
commanders1 confiding no longer your    
affairs in foreign or mercenary         
hands--if you would charge yourselves   
with your own defense1 employing abroad1

 for the public1 what you waste in      
unprofitable pleasures at home1 the     
world might once more behold you making 
a figure worthy of ,athenians4 ,you     
would have us1 then1 7you say17 do      
service in our armies in our own        
persons2 and1 for so doing1 you would   
have the pensions we receive in time of 
peace1 accepted as pay in time of war4  
,is it thus we are to understand you8   
,yes1 ,athenians1 't is my plain        
meaning4 ,i would make it a standing    
rule1 that no person1 great or little1  
should be the better for the public     
money1 who would grudge to employ it for
 the public service4 ,are we in peace8  
the public is charged with your         
subsistence4 ,are we in war1 or under a 
necessity1 as at this time1 to enter    
into a war8 let your gratitude oblige   
you to accept1 as pay in defence of your
 benefactors1 what you receive1 in      
peace1 as mere bounty4 ,thus1 without   
any innovation--without altering or     
abolishing anything but pernicious      

novelties1 introduced for the           
encouragement of sloth and idleness--by 
converting only for the future1 the same
 funds1 for the use of the serviceable1 
which are spent1 at present1 upon the   
unprofitable1 you may be well served in 
your armies--your troops regularly      
paid--justice duly administered--the    
public revenues reformed and            
increased--and every member of the      
commonwealth rendered useful to his     
country according to his age and ability
 without any further burden to the      
,state4  ,this1 ,o men of ,athens1 is   
what my duty prompted me to represent to
 you upon this occasion4--,may the gods 
inspire you to determine upon such      
measures1 as may be most expedient1 for 
the particular and general good of our  
country6                                
,,cl4                    ,,extract      
,,from ,,demosthenes ,,on ,,the ,,crown4
  ,athens never was once known to live  
in a slavish1 though a secure obedience 
to unjust and arbitrary power4 ,no2 our 

whole history is one series of noble    
contests for preminence2 the whole      
period of our existence hath been spent 
in braving dangers1 for the sake of     
glory and renown4 ,and so highly do you 
esteem such conduct1 so consonant to the
 ,athenian character that those of your 
ancestors who were most distinguished in
 the pursuit of it1 are ever the most   
favorite objects of your praise--and    
with reason4 ,for who can reflect       
without astonishment upon the           
magnanimity of those men1 who resigned  
their lands1 gave up their city and     
embarked in their ships1 to avoid the   
odious state of subjection8--who chose  
,themistocle1 the adviser of this       
conduct1 to command their forces and1   
when ,cyrsilus proposed that they should
 yield to the terms prescribed1 stoned  
him to death8 ,nay the public           
indignation was not yet allayed4 ,your  
very wives inflicted the same vengeance 
on his wife4 ,for the ,athenians of that
 day looked out for no speaker1 no      

general to procure them a state of      
prosperous slavery4 ,they had the spirit
 to reject even life1 unless they were  
allowed to enjoy that life in freedom4  
,should ,i then attempt to assert that  
it was ,i who inspired you with         
sentiments worthy of your ancestors1 ,i 
should meet the just resentment of every
 hearer4 ,no2 it is my point to show1   
that such sentiments are properly your  
own--that they were the sentiments of my
 country1 long before my days4 ,i claim 
but my share of merit1 in having acted  
on such principles1 in every part of my 
administration4 ,he1 then1 who condemns 
every part of my administration1 he who 
directs you to treat me with severity1  
as one who hath involved the ,state in  
terrors and dangers1 while he labors to 
deprive me of present honor1 robs you of
 the applause of all posterity4 ,for1 if
 you now pronounce1 that1 as my public  
conduct hath not been right1 ,ctesiphon 
must stand condemned it must be thought 
that you yourselves have acted wrong1   

not that you owe your present state to  
the caprice of fortune4 ,but it cannot  
be6 ,no1 my countrymen6 it cannot be you
 have acted wrong1 in encountering      
danger bravely1 for the liberty and the 
safety of all ,greece4 ,no6 by those    
generous souls of ancient times1 who    
were exposed at ,marathon6 ,by those who
 stood arrayed at ,plata6 ,by those who 
encountered the ,persian fleet at       
,salamis6 ,who fought at ,artemisium6   
,no6 by all those illustrious sons of   
,athens1 whose remains lie deposited in 
the public monuments4                   
,,cli4                                  
,,queen ,,elizabeth4  ,the reign of     
,queen ,elizabeth may be considered as  
the opening of the modern history of    
,england1 especially in its connection  
with the modern system of ,europe1 which
 began about that time to assume the    
form that it preserved till the ,french 
,revolution4 ,it was a very memorable   
period1 of which the maxims ought to be 
engraven on the head and heart of every 

,englishman4 ,philip the ,second1 at the
 head of the greatest empire then in the
 world openly was aiming at universal   
domination4 ,to the most extensive and  
opulent dominions1 the most numerous and
 disciplined armies1 the most renowned  
captains1 the greatest revenue1 he added
 also the most formidable power over    
opinion4 ,elizabeth was among the first 
objects of his hostility4 ,that wise and
 magnanimous princess placed herself in 
the front of the battle for the         
liberties of ,europe4 ,though she had to
 contend at home with his fanatical     
faction1 which almost occupied ,ireland1
 which divided ,scotland1 and was not of
 contemptible strength in ,england1 she 
aided the oppressed inhabitants of the  
,netherlands in their just and glorious 
resistance to his tyranny2 she aided    
,henry the ,great in suppressing the    
abominable rebellion which anarchical   
principles had excited and ,spanish arms
 had supported in ,france1 and after a  
long reign of various fortune1 in which 

she preserved her unconquered spirit    
through great calamities and still      
greater dangers1 she at length broke the
 strength of the enemy1 and reduced his 
power within such limits as to be       
compatible with the safety of ,england  
and of all ,europe4 ,her great heart    
inspired her with a higher and a nobler 
wisdom--which disdained to appeal to the
 low and sordid passions of her people  
even for the protection of their low and
 sordid interests1 because she knew1 or1
 rather1 she felt that there are        
effeminate1 creeping1 cowardly1         
short-sighted passions1 which shrink    
from conflict1 even in defence of their 
own mean objects4 ,in a righteous cause 
she roused those generous affections of 
her people1 which alone teach boldness1 
constancy1 and foresight1 and which are 
therefore the only safe guardians of the
 lowest as well as the highest interests
 of a nation4 ,in her memorable address 
to the army1 when the invasion of her   
kingdom was threatened by ,spain1 this  

woman of heroic spirit disdained to     
speak to them of their ease and their   
commerce1 and their wealth and their    
safety4 ,no6 ,she touched another       
chord--she spoke of their national      
honor1 of their dignity as ,englishmen1 
of the foul scorn that ,parma or ,spain 
should dare to invade the borders of her
 realms4 ,she breathed into them those  
grand and powerful sentiments1 which    
exalt vulgar men into heroes which led  
them into the battle of their country   
armed with holy and irresistible        
enthusiasm2 which ever cover with their 
shield all the ignoble interests that   
base calculation1 and cowardly          
selfishness tremble to hazard1 but      
shrink from defending4                  
,j4 ,mackintosh4                        
,,clii4                                 
,,the ,,free ,,press4  ,gentlemen1 there
 is one point of view in which this case
 seems to merit your most serious       
attention4 ,the real prosecutor is the  
master of the greatest empire the world 

ever saw2 the defendant is a            
defenseless1 proscribed exile4 ,i       
consider this case1 therefore1 as the   
first of a long series of conflicts     
between the greatest power in the world 
and the only ,free ,press remaining in  
,europe4 ,gentlemen1 this distinction of
 the ,english ,press is new--it is a    
proud and melancholy distinction4       
,before the great earthquake of the     
,french ,revolution had swallowed up all
 the asylums of free discussion on the  
,continent1 we enjoyed that privilege1  
indeed1 more fully than others2 but we  
did not enjoy it exclusively4 ,it       
existed1 in fact1 where it was not      
protected by law2 and the wise and      
generous connivance of governments was  
daily more and more secured by the      
growing civilization of their subjects4 
,in ,holland1 in ,switzerland1 in the   
imperial towns of ,germany1 the press   
was either legally or practically free4 
,holland and ,switzerland are no more2  
and1 since the commencement of this     

prosecution1 fifty imperial towns have  
been erased from the list of independent
 ,states by one dash of the pen4 ,three 
or four still preserve a precarious and 
trembling existence4 ,i will not say by 
what compliances they must purchase its 
continuance4 ,i will not insult the     
feebleness of ,states1 whose unmerited  
fall ,i do most bitterly deplore4  ,one 
asylum of free discussion is still      
inviolate4 ,there is still one spot in  
,europe where man can fully exercise his
 reason on the most important concerns  
of society1 where he can boldly publish 
his judgment on the acts of the proudest
 and most powerful tyrants4 ,the ,press 
of ,england is still free4 ,it is       
guarded by the free ,constitution of our
 forefathers4 ,it is guarded by the     
hearts and arms of ,englishmen2 and1 ,i 
trust ,i may venture to say that if it  
be to fall1 it will fall only under the 
ruins of the ,british ,empire4 ,it is an
 awful consideration1 gentlemen4 ,every 
other monument of ,european liberty has 

perished4 ,that ancient fabric which has
 been gradually raised by the wisdom and
 virtues of our fathers still stands4   
,it stands1 thanks be to ,god6 solid and
 entire--but it stands alone1 and it    
stands amid ruins4 ,believing1 then1 as 
,i do1 that we are on the eve of a great
 struggle--that this is only the first  
of a long series of conflicts between   
reason and power that you have now in   
your hands committed to your trust1 the 
protection of the only ,free ,press     
remaining in ,europe1 now confined to   
this kingdom2 and addressing you        
therefore as the guardians of the most  
important interests of                  
mankind--convinced that the unfettered  
exercise of reason depends more on your 
present verdict than on any other that  
was ever delivered by a jury1--,i trust 
,i may rely with confidence on the      
issue--,i trust that you will consider  
yourselves as the advanced guard of     
,liberty--as having this day to fight   
the first battle of free discussion     

against the most formidable enemy that  
it ever encountered6                    
,j4 ,mackintosh4                        
,,cliii4                           ,,the
 ,,liberty ,,of ,,the ,,press4  ,the    
liberty of the press1 on general        
subjects1 comprehends and implies as    
much strict observance of positive law  
as is consistent with perfect purity of 
intention1 and equal and useful society4
 ,what that latitude is1 cannot be      
promulgated in the abstract1 but must be
 judged in the particular instance1 and 
consequently1 upon this occasion1 must  
be judged of by you without forming any 
possible precedent for any other case4  
,if gentlemen1 you are firmly persuaded 
of the singleness and purity of the     
author's intentions1 you are not bound  
to subject him to infamy1 because in the
 zealous career of a just and animated  
composition1 he happens to have tripped 
with his pen into an intemperate        
expression in one or two instances of a 
long work4 ,if this severe duty were    

binding on your conscience1 the liberty 
of the press would be an empty sound1   
and no man could venture to write on any
 subject1 however pure his purpose1     
without an attorney at one elbow and a  
counsel at the other4  ,from minds thus 
subdued by the terrors of punishment1   
there could issue no works of genius to 
expand the empire of human reason1 nor  
any masterly compositions on the general
 nature of government1 by the help of   
which the great commonwealths of mankind
 have founded their establishments2 much
 less any of those useful applications  
of them to critical conjunctures1 by    
which1 from time to time1 our own       
,constitution1 by the exertion of       
patriot citizens1 has been brought back 
to its standard4 ,under such terrors1   
all the great lights of science and     
civilization must be extinguished2 for  
men cannot communicate their free       
thoughts to one another with a lash held
 over their heads4 ,it is the nature of 
everything that is great and useful both

 in the animate and inanimate world1 to 
be wild and irregular1 and we must be   
contented to take them with the alloys  
which belong to them1 or live without   
them4 ,genius breaks from the fetters of
 criticism1 but its wanderings are      
sanctioned by its majesty and wisdom    
when it advances in its path3 subject it
 to the critic1 and you tame it into    
dulness4 ,mighty rivers break down their
 banks in the winter1 sweeping away to  
death the flocks which are fattened on  
the soil that they fertilize in the     
summer3 the few may be saved by         
embankments from drowning1 but the flock
 must perish for hunger4 ,tempests      
occasionally shake our dwellings and    
dissipate our commerce2 but they scourge
 before them the lazy elements1 which   
without them would stagnate into        
pestilence4 ,in like manner1 ,liberty   
herself1 the last and best gift of ,god 
to his creatures1 must be taken ,just as
 she is3 you might pare her down into   
bashful regularity1 and shape her into a

 perfect model of severe1 scrupulous    
law1 but she would then be ,liberty no  
longer2 and you must be content to die  
under the lash of this inexorable       
justice which you had exchanged for the 
banners of ,freedom4                    
,lord ,erskine4                         
,,cliv4                                 
,,british ,,tyranny ,,in ,,india4  ,i am
 driven in the defence of my client1 to 
remark1 that it is mad and preposterous 
to bring to the standard of justice and 
humanity the exercise of a dominion     
founded upon violence and terror4 ,it   
may and must be true that ,mr4 ,hastings
 has repeatedly offended against the    
rights and privileges of ,asiatic       
government1 if he was the faithful      
deputy of a power which could not       
maintain itself for an hour without     
trampling upon both4 ,he may and must   
have offended against the laws of ,god  
and nature1 if he was the faithful      
viceroy of an empire wrested in blood   
from the people to whom ,god and nature 

had given it4 ,he may and must have     
preserved that unjust dominion over     
timorous and abject nations by a        
terrifying overbearing1 insulting       
superiority1 ,if he was the faithful    
administrator of your government1 which1
 leaving no root in consent or affection
 no foundation in similarity of         
interests--no support from any one      
principle which cements men together in 
society1 could only be upheld by        
alternate stratagem and force4 ,the     
unhappy people of ,india1 feeble and    
effeminate as they are from the softness
 of their climate1 and subdued and      
broken as they have been by the knavery 
and strength of civilization1 still     
occasionally start up in all the vigor  
and intelligence of insulted nature4 ,to
 be governed at all1 they must be       
governed with a rod of iron2 and our    
empire in the ,east would1 long since1  
have been lost to ,great ,britain1 if   
civil skill and military prowess had not
 united their efforts to support an     

authority--which ,heaven never gave--by 
means which it never can sanction4      
,gentlemen1 ,i think ,i can observe that
 you are touched with this way of       
considering the subject1 and ,i can     
account for it4 ,i have not been        
considering it through the cold medium  
of books1 but have been speaking of man 
and his nature1 and of human dominion1  
from what ,i have seen of them myself   
among reluctant nations submitting to   
our authority4 ,i know what they feel1  
and how such feelings can alone be      
repressed4 ,i have heard them in my     
youth from a naked savage1 in the       
indignant character of a prince         
surrounded by his subjects1 addressing  
the ,governor of a ,british colony1     
holding a bundle of sticks in his hand1 
as the notes of his unlettered          
eloquence4 ,who is it1 said the jealous 
ruler over the desert1 encroached upon  
by the restless foot of ,english        
adventure--who is it that causes this   
river to rise in the high mountains1 and

 to empty itself into the ocean8 ,who is
 it that causes to blow the loud winds  
of winter1 and that calms them again in 
summer8 ,who is it that rears up the    
shade of those lofty forests1 and blasts
 them with the quick lightning at his   
pleasure8 ,the same ,being who gave to  
you a country on the other side of the  
waters1 and gave ours to in2 and by this
 title we will defend it1 said the      
warrior1 throwing down his tomahawk upon
 the ground1 and raising the war-sound  
of his nation4 ,these are the feelings  
of subjugated man all round the globe2  
and depend upon it1 nothing but fear    
will control where it is vain to look   
for affection4  ,if ,england1 from a    
lust of ambition and dominion1 will     
insist on maintaining despotic rule over
 distant and hostile nations1 beyond all
 comparison more numerous and extended  
than herself1 and gives commission to   
her viceroys to govern them with no     
other instructions than to preserve     
them1 and to secure permanently their   

revenues1 with what color of consistency
 or reason can she place herself in the 
moral chair1 and affect to be shocked at
 the execution of her own orders2       
adverting to the exact measure of       
wickedness and injustice necessary to   
their execution1 and1 complaining only  
of the excess as the immorality1        
considering her authority as a          
dispensation for breaking the commands  
of ,god1 and the breach of them as only 
punishable when contrary to the         
ordinances of man8 ,such a proceeding1  
gentlemen1 begets serious reflection4   
,it would be better1 perhaps1 for the   
masters and the servants of all such    
governments to join in supplication1    
that the great ,author of violated      
humanity may not confound them together 
in one common judgment4                 
,lord ,erskine4                         
,,clv4                                  
,,declaration ,,of ,,right4  ,i might as
 a constituent1 come to your bar and    
demand my liberty4 ,i do call upon you  

by the laws of the land1 and their      
violation2 by the instructions of       
eighteen counties2 by the arms1         
inspiration1 and providence of the      
present moment--tell us the rule by     
which we shall go2 assert the law of    
,ireland2 declare the liberty of the    
land6 ,i will not be answered by a      
public lie1 in the shape of an          
amendment2 nor1 speaking for the        
subjects' freedom1 am ,i to hear of     
faction4 ,i wish for nothing but to     
breathe in this our island1 in common   
with my fellow-subjects1 the air of     
liberty4 ,i have no ambition1 unless it 
be to break your chain and contemplate  
your glory4 ,i never will be satisfied  
so long as the meanest cottager in      
,ireland has a link of the ,british     
chain clanking to his rags4 ,he may be  
naked1--he shall not be in irons4 ,and  
,i do see the time at hand2 the spirit  
is gone forth2 the ,declaration of      
,right is planted2 and though great men 
should fall off1 yet the cause shall    

live2 and though he who utters this     
should die1 yet the immortal fire shall 
outlast the humble organ who conveys it1
 and the breath of liberty1 like the    
word of the holy man will not die with  
the prophet1 but survive him4           
,h4 ,grattan4                           
,,clvi4                                 
,,politics ,,and ,,religion4  ,that     
religion has1 in fact1 nothing to do    
with the politics of many who profess   
it1 is a melancholy truth4 ,but that it 
has of right1 no concern with political 
transactions1 is quite a new discovery4 
,if such opinions1 however1 prevail1    
there is no longer any mystery in the   
character of those whose conduct in     
political matters violates every precept
 and slanders every principle of the    
religion of ,christ4 ,but what is       
politics8 ,is it not the science and the
 exercise of civil rights and civil     
duties8 ,and what is religion8 ,is it   
not an obligation to the service of     
,god1 founded on his authority1 and     

extending to all our relations1 personal
 and social8 ,yet religion has nothing  
to do with politics8 ,where did you     
learn this maxim8 ,the ,bible is full of
 directions for your behavior as        
citizens4 ,it is plain1 pointed2 awful  
in its injunctions on ruler and ruled as
 such3 yet religion has nothing to do   
with politics6 ,you are commanded in all
 your ways to acknowledge ,him4 ,in     
everything1 by prayer and supplication1 
with thanksgiving1 to let your requests 
be made known unto ,god ,and whatsoever 
ye do1 in word or deed1 to do all in the
 name of the ,lord ,jesus4 ,yet religion
 has nothing to do with politics6 ,most 
astonishing6 ,and is there any part of  
your conduct in which you are1 or wish  
to be1 without law to ,god1 and not     
under the law of ,jesus ,christ8 ,can   
you persuade yourselves that political  
men and measures are to undergo no      
review in the judgment to come8 ,that   
all the passion and violence1 the fraud 
and falsehood and corruption1 which     

pervade the system of party1 and burst  
out like a flood at the public          
elections1 are to be blotted from the   
catalogue of unchristian deeds1 because 
they are politics8 ,or that a minister  
of the gospel may see his people1 in    
their political career1 bid defiance to 
their ,god in breaking through every    
moral restraint1 and keep a guiltless   
silence1 because religion has nothing to
 do with politics8 ,i forbear to press  
the argument farther2 observing only    
that many of our difficulties and sins  
may be traced to this pernicious notion4
 ,yes1 if our religion had had more to  
do with our politics2 if1 in the pride  
of our citizenship1 we had not forgotten
 our ,christianity2 if we had prayed    
more and wrangled less about the affairs
 of our country1 it would have been     
infinitely better for us at this day    
,j4 ,m4 ,mason                          
,,standard ,,selections4                
,,poetry                                
,,clvii4                           ,,the

 ,,star-,,spangled ,,banner4            
,o say1 can you see1 by the dawn's early
 light1          ,what so proudly we    
hailed at the twilight's last gleaming--
          ,whose broad stripes and      
bright stars1 through the perilous      
fight1          ,o'er the ramparts we   
watched were so gallantly streaming6    
,and the rockets' red glare1 the bombs  
bursting in air1          ,gave proof   
through the night that our flag was     
still there2          ,o say1 does that 
,star-spangled ,banner yet wave         
,o'er the land of the free and the home 
of the brave6           ,on that shore1 
dimly seen through the mists of the     
deep1          ,where the foe's haughty 
host in dread silence reposes1          
,what is that which the breeze1 o'er the
 towering steep1          ,as it        
fitfully blows1 now conceals1 now       
discloses6          ,now it catches the 
gleam of the morning's first beam1      
,in full glory reflected now shines on  
the stream3          ',t is the         

,star-spangled ,banner6--,o long may it 
wave          ,o'er the land of the free
 and the home of the brave6             
,and where are the foes who so          
vauntingly swore          ,that the     
havoc of war and the battle's confusion1
          ,a home and a country should  
leave us no more8          ,their blood 
hath washed out their foul footsteps'   
pollution6          ,no refuge could    
save the hireling and slave             
,from the terror of flight or the gloom 
of the grave2          ,and the         
,star-spangled ,banner in triumph shall 
wave          ,o'er the land of the free
 and the home of the brave6             
,o1 thus be it ever1 when freemen shall 
stand          ,between their loved     
homes and the war's desolation6         
,blessed with victory and peace1 may the
 heaven-rescued land          ,praise   
the ,power that hath made and preserved 
us a ,nation          ,then conquer we  
must1 when our cause it is just1        
,and this be our motto--,in ,god is our 

trust2          ,and the ,star-spangled 
,banner in triumph shall wave           
,o'er the land of the free and the home 
of the brave6                           
,f4 ,s4 ,key4                           
,,clviii4                               
,,aspirations ,,of ,,youth              
,higher1 higher1 will we climb1         
,up the mount of glory1                 
,that our names may live through time   
,in our country's story2                
,happy1 when her welfare calls1         
,he who conquers1 he who falls4         
,deeper1 deeper1 let us toil1           
,in the mines of knowledge2             
,nature's wealth1 and learning's spoil1 
,win from school and college2           
,delve we then for richer gems          
,than the stars of diadems4             
,onward1 onward1 may we press           
,through the path of duty2              
,virtue is true happiness1              
,excellence true beauty4                
,minds are of celestial birth2          
,make we then a heaven of earth4        

,closer1 closer1 let us knit            
,hearts and hands together1             
,where our fireside comforts sit1       
,in the wildest weather2                
,o6 they wander wide who roam           
,for the joys of life from home6        
,j4 ,montgomery4                        
,,clix4                       ,,the     
,l#j,,ve ,,of ,,country ,,and ,,of      
,,home4                 ,there is a     
land1 of every land the pride1          
,beloved by ,heaven o'er all the world  
beside2                ,where brighter  
suns dispense serener light1            
,and milder moons imparadise the night2 
,a land of beauty1 virtue1 valor1 truth1
                ,time-tutored age1 and  
love-exalted youth4                 ,the
 wandering mariner1 whose eye explores  
,the wealthiest isles1 the most         
enchanting shores1                ,views
 not a realm so bountiful and fair1     
,nor breathes the spirit of a purer air2
                ,in every clime1 the    
magnet of his soul1                     

,touched by remembrance1 trembles to    
that pole2                ,for in this  
land of ,heaven's peculiar grace1       
,the heritage of ,nature's noblest race1
                ,there is a spot of     
earth supremely blest1                ,a
 dearer1 sweeter spot than all the rest1
                ,where man1 creation's  
tyrant1 casts aside                ,his 
sword and sceptre1 pageantry and pride1 
,while1 in his softened looks1 benignly 
blend                ,the sire1 the son1
 the husband1 brother1 friend4          
,here woman reigns2 the mother1         
daughter1 wife1                ,strews  
with fresh flowers the narrow way of    
life6                ,in the clear      
heaven of her delightful eye1           
,an angel-guard of loves and graces lie2
                ,around her knees       
domestic duties meet1                   
,and fireside pleasures gambol at her   
feet4                ,where shall that  
land1 that spot of earth be found8      
,art thou a man8--a patriot8--look      

around2                ,o6 thou shalt   
find1 however thy footsteps roam1       
,that land thy country1 and that spot   
thy home6                               
,j4 ,montgomery4                        
,,clx4                                  
,,the ,,bells                           
,hear the sledges with the bells--      
,silver bells6              ,what a     
world of merriment their melody         
foretells6                      ,how    
they tinkle1 tinkle1 tinkle1            
,in the icy air of night6               
,while the stars that over sprinkle     
,all the heavens1 seem to twinkle       
,with a crystalline delight2            
,keeping time1 time1 time1              
,in a sort of ,runic rhyme1             
,to the tintinnabulation that so        
musically wells                    ,from
 the bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1        
,bells bells1 bells--              ,from
 the jingling and the tinkling of the   
bells4                        ,hear the 
mellow wedding bells--                  

,golden bells6             ,what a world
 of happiness their harmony foretells6  
,through the balmy air of night         
,how they ring out their delight6       
,from the molten-golden notes1          
,all in time1                           
,what a liquid ditty floats             
,to the turtle-dove that listens1 while 
she gloats                              
,on the moon6                       ,o1 
from out the sounding cells1            
,what a gush of euphony voluminously    
wells6                                  
,how it swells1                         
,how it dwells                          
,on the future6 how it tells            
,of rapture that impels                 
,to the swinging and the ringing        
,of the bells1 bells1 bells1            
,of the bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1     
,bells1 bells1 bells--                  
,to the rhyming and the chiming of the  
bells6                         ,hear the
 loud alarum bells--                    
,brazen bells6             ,what a tale 

of terror1 now1 their turbulency tells6 
,in the startled ear of night           
,how they scream out their affright6    
,too much horrified to speak1           
,they can only shriek1 shriek1          
,out of time1             ,in a         
clamorous appealing to the mercy of the 
fire1           ,in a mad expostulation 
with the deaf and frantic fire1         
,leaping higher1 higher1 higher1        
,with a desperate desire1               
,and a resolute endeavor1               
,now--now to sit1 or never1             
,by the side of the pale-faced moon4    
,o1 the bells1 bells1 bells6            
,what a tale their terror tells         
,of ,despair6                    ,how   
they clang1 and clash1 and roar6        
,what a horror they outpour             
,on the bosom of the palpitating air6   
,yet the ear1 it fully knows1           
,by the twanging                        
,and the clanging1                      
,how the danger sinks and swells1       
,by the sinking or the swelling in the  

anger of the bells--                    
,of the bells                     ,of   
the bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1         
,bells1 bells1 bells--                  
,in the clamor and the clangor of the   
bells6                        ,hear the 
tolling of the bells--                  
,iron bells6            ,what a world of
 solemn thought their monody compels6   
,in the silence of the night1           
,how we shiver with affright            
,at the melancholy menace of their tone6
                         ,for every     
sound that floats                       
,from the rust within their throats     
,is a groan4                      ,and  
the people--ah1 the people--            
,they that dwell up in the steeple1     
,all alone1                     ,and    
who1 tolling1 tolling1 tolling1         
,in that muffled monotone1              
,feel a glory in so rolling             
,on the human heart a stone             
,they are neither man nor woman--       
,they are neither brute nor human       

,they are ,ghouls2                      
,and their king it is who tolls2        
,and he rolls1 rolls1 rolls1            
,rolls                           ,a     
paean from the bells6           ,and his
 merry bosom swells with the paean of   
the bells6                        ,and  
he dances1 and he yells2                
,keeping time1 time1 time1              
,in a sort of ,runic rhyme1             
,to the paean of the bells--            
,of the bells3                          
,keeping time1 time1 time               
,in a sort of ,runic rhyme1             
,to the throbbing of the bells--        
,of the bells1 bells1 bells--           
,to the sobbing of the bells2           
,keeping time1 time1 time1              
,as he knells1 knells1 knells1          
,in a happy ,runic rhyme1               
,to the rolling of the bells--          
,of the bells1 bells1 bells2            
,to the tolling of the bells--          
,of the bells1 bells1 bells1 bells2     
,bells1 bells1 bells--                  

,to the moaning and the groaning of the 
bells6                                  
,e4 ,a4 ,poe4                           
,,clxi4                                 
,,the ,,raven4      ,once upon a        
midnight dreary while ,i pondered1 weak 
and weary1     ,over many a quaint and  
curious volume of forgotten lore--      
,while ,i nodded1 nearly napping1       
suddenly there came a tapping1     ,as  
of some one gently rapping1 rapping at  
my chamber door4     ',t is some        
visitor1 ,i muttered1 tapping at my     
chamber door--     ,only this1 and      
nothing more4      ,ah6 distinctly ,i   
remember1 it was in the bleak ,december1
     ,and each separate dying ember     
wrought its ghost upon the floor4       
,eagerly ,i wished the morrow2--vainly  
,i had sought to borrow2     ,from my   
books1 surcease of sorrow--sorrow for   
the lost ,lenore--     ,for the rare and
 radiant maiden whom the angels named   
,lenore--     ,nameless here for        
evermore4      ,and the silken1 sad1    

uncertain rustling of each purple       
curtain     ,thrilled me--filled me with
 fantastic terrors never felt before2   
,so that now1 to still the beating of my
 heart1 ,i stood repeating1     ',t is  
some visitor entreating entrance at my  
chamber door     ,some late visitor     
entreating entrance at my chamber door2 
,this it is1 and nothing more4          
,presently my soul grew stronger2       
hesitating then no longer1     ,sir1    
said ,i1 or madam truly your forgiveness
 ,i implore2     ,but the fact is ,i was
 napping1 and so gently you came        
rapping1     ,and so faintly you came   
tapping1 tapping at my chamber door1    
,that ,i scarce was sure ,i heard       
you--here ,i opened wide the door2--    
,darkness there1 and nothing more4      
,deep into the darkness peering1 long ,i
 stood there1 wondering1 fearing1       
,doubting1 dreaming dreams no mortal    
ever dared to dream before2     ,but the
 silence was unbroken and the darkness  
gave no token1     ,and the only word   

there spoken was the whispered word1    
,lenore6     ,this ,i whispered1 and an 
echo murmured back the word1 ,lenore6   
,merely this1 and nothing more4         
,back into the chamber turning1 all my  
soul within me burning1     ,soon ,i    
heard again a tapping somewhat louder   
than before4     ,surely1 said ,i1      
surely that is something at my window   
lattice2     ,let me see1 then1 what    
thereat is1 and this mystery explore--  
,let my heart be still a moment and this
 mystery explore2--     ',t is the wind1
 and nothing more6      ,open here ,i   
flung the shutter1 when1 with many a    
flirt and flutter1     ,in there stepped
 a stately ,raven of the saintly days of
 yore3     ,not the least obeisance made
 he2 not an instant stopped or stayed   
he2     ,but1 with mien of lord or lady1
 perched above my chamber door1--       
,perched upon a bust of ,pallas1 just   
above my chamber door1--     ,perched1  
and sat1 and nothing more4      ,then   
this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy  

into smiling1     ,by the grave and     
stern decorum of the countenance it     
wore1     ,though thy crest be shorn and
 shaven1 thou1 ,i said1 art sure        
no craven1     ,ghastly1 grim1 and      
ancient ,raven1 wandering from the      
,nightly shore--     ,tell me what thy  
lordly name is on the ,night's          
,plutonian shore6     ,quoth the raven1 
,nevermore4      ,much ,i marvelled this
 ungainly fowl to hear discourse so     
plainly     ,though its answer little   
meaning--little relevancy bore2     ,for
 we cannot help agreeing that no living 
human being     ,ever yet was blessed   
with seeing bird above his chamber      
door--     ,bird or beast upon the      
sculptured bust above his chamber door--
     ,with such a name as ,nevermore4   
,but the ,raven1 sitting lonely on the  
placid bust1 spoke only     ,that one   
word1 as if his soul in that one word he
 did outpour4     ,nothing further then 
he uttered--not a feather then he       
fluttered--     ,till ,i scarcely more  

than muttered1 ,other friends have flown
 before--     ,on the morrow he will    
leave me1 as my ,hopes have flown       
before4     ,then the bird said1        
,nevermore4      ,startled at the       
stillness broken by reply so aptly      
spoken1     ,doubtless1 said ,i1 what it
 utters is its only stock and store1    
,caught from some unhappy master whom   
unmerciful disaster     ,followed fast1 
and followed faster1 till his songs one 
burden bore     ,till the dirges of his 
,hope the melancholy burden bore--      
,of ',nevermore'--',nevermore'      ,but
 the ,raven still beguiling all my sad  
soul into smiling1     ,straight ,i     
wheeled a cushioned seat in front of    
bird1 and bust1          and door2      
,then1 upon the velvet sinking1 ,i      
betook myself to linking     ,fancy unto
 fancy1 thinking what this ominous bird 
of yore--     ,what this grim1 ungainly1
 ghastly1 gaunt1 and ominous bird of    
yore     ,meant in croaking1 ,nevermore4
      ,thus ,i sat engaged in guessing1 

but no syllable expressing     ,to the  
fowl1 whose fiery eyes now burned into  
my bosom's core2     ,this and more ,i  
sat divining1 with my head at ease      
reclining     ,on the cushion's velvet  
lining that the lamp-light gloated o'er1
     ,but whose velvet violet lining    
with the lamp-light gloating o'er1      
,she shall press1 ah1 nevermore6        
,then1 methought1 the air grew denser1  
perfumed from an unseen ,censor1        
,swung by angels whose faint foot-falls 
tinkled on the tufted floor4            
,wretch1 ,i cried1 thy ,god hath lent   
thee--by these angels           he hath 
sent thee     ,respite--respite and     
nepenthe from thy memories of ,lenore6  
,quaff1 ,o quaff this kind nepenthe and 
forget this lost ,lenore6     ,quoth the
 ,raven1 ,nevermore4      ,prophet1 said
 ,i1 thing of evil6--prophet still1 if  
bird or devil6     ,by that heaven that 
bends above us--by that ,god we both    
adore--     ,tell this soul with sorrow 
laden1 if within the distant ,aiden1    

,it shall clasp a sainted maiden whom   
the angels name ,lenore--     ,clasp a  
rare and radiant maiden whom the angels 
name ,lenore4     ,quoth the ,raven1    
,nevermore4      ,be that word our sign 
of parting1 bird or fiend6 ,i shrieked1 
upstarting--     ,get thee back into the
 tempest and the ,night's ,plutonian    
shore6     ,leave no black plume as a   
token of that lie thy soul hath spoken6 
,leave my loneliness unbroken6--quit the
 bust above my door6     ,take thy beak 
from out my heart1 and take thy form    
from of my door6     ,quoth the ,raven1 
,nevermore4      ,and the ,raven1 never 
flitting1 still is sitting1 still is    
sitting     ,on the pallid bust of      
,pallas just above my chamber door2     
,and his eyes have all the seeming of a 
demon that is dreaming1     ,and the    
lamp-light1 o'er him streaming1 throws  
his shadow on the floor2     ,and my    
soul from out that shadow1 that lies    
floating on the floor--     ,shall be   
lifted--nevermore6                      

,e4 ,a4 ,poe4                           
,,clxii4                                
,,spirit ,,of ,,patriotism4             
,breathes there a man with soul so dead1
                    ,who never to       
himself hath said1--                    
,this is my own1--my native land6       
,whose heart hath never within him      
burned1                    ,as home his 
footsteps he hath turned1               
,from wandering on a foreign strand8    
,if such there breathe1 go mark him     
well1--                    ,for him1--no
 minstrel raptures swell6               
,high though his titles1 proud his name1
                    ,boundless his      
wealth as wish can claim2               
,despite those titles1 power1 and pelf1 
,the wretch concentered all in self1    
,living1 shall forfeit fair renown1     
,and doubly dying1 shall go down        
,to the vile dust from whence he sprung1
                    ,unwept1 unhonored  
and unsung6                             
,sir ,w4 ,scott4                        

,,clxiii4                               
,,lochinvar4              ,young        
,lochinvar is come out of the ,west6    
,through all the wide ,border his steed 
is the best2             ,and save his  
good broadsword he weapon had none2--   
,he rode all unarmed1 and he rode all   
alone4             ,so faithful in love1
 and so dauntless in war1               
,there never was knight like the young  
,lochinvar6              ,he staid not  
for brake1 and he stopped not for stone2
             ,he swam the ,eske river   
where ford there was none2--            
,but1 ere he alighted at ,netherby gate1
             ,the bride had             
consented--the gallant came late2       
,for a laggard in love1 and a dastard in
 war1             ,was to wed the fair  
,ellen of brave ,lochinvar6             
,so boldly he entered the ,netherby     
,hall1             ,among tribesmen1 and
 kinsmen1 and brothers1 and all4        
,then spoke the bride's father1 his hand
 on his sword--             ,for the    

poor craven bridegroom said never a     
word--             ,o come ye in peace  
here1 or come ye in war8--              
,or to dance at our bridal1 young ,lord 
,lochinvar8              ,i long wooed  
your daughter2--my suit you denied3     
,love swells like the ,solway1 but ebbs 
like its tide6             ,and now ,i  
am come1 with this lost love of mine1   
,to lead but one measure--drink one cup 
of wine4             ,there be maidens  
in ,scotland1 more lovely by far1       
,that would gladly be bride to the young
 ,lochinvar6              ,the bride    
kissed the goblet2 the knight took it   
up--             ,he quaffed off the    
wine1 and he threw down the cup6        
,she looked down to blush1 and she      
looked up to sigh1--             ,with a
 smile on her lip1 and a tear in her    
eye4             ,he took her soft hand1
 ere her mother could bar2--            
,now tread we a measure6 said young     
,lochinvar4              ,so stately his
 form1 and so lively her face1          

,that never a hall such a galliard did  
grace6             ,while her mother did
 fret1 and her father did fume1         
,and the bridegroom stood dangling his  
bonnet and plume1             ,and the  
bridemaidens whispered1 ',t were better1
 by far1             ,to have matched   
our fair cousin with young ,lochinvar6  
,one touch to her hand1 and one word in 
her ear--             ,when they reached
 the hall door1 where the charger stood 
near2             ,so light to the croup
 the fair lady he swung1             ,so
 light to the saddle before her he      
sprung6--             ,she is won6--we  
are gone1 over bank1 bush1 and scaur2   
,they'll have fleet steeds that follow6 
cried young ,lochinvar4                 
,there was mounting 'mong ,grmes of the 
,netherby clan2             ,fosters1   
,fenwicks1 and ,musgraves1 they rode and
 they ran2             ,there was       
racing1 and chasing1 on ,cannobie lea6  
,but the lost bride of ,netherby ne'er  
did they see6--             ,so daring  

in love1 and so dauntless in war1       
,have ye e'er heard of gallant like     
young ,lochinvar6                       
,sir ,w4 ,scott4                        
,,clxiv4                       ,,marmion
 ,,taking ,,leave ,,of ,,douglas4       
,the train from out the castle drew2    
,but ,marmion stopped to bid adieu3--   
,though something ,i might plain1 he    
said1                   ,of cold respect
 to stranger guest1                     
,sent hither by your king's behest1     
,while in ,tantallon's towers ,i        
stayed1--                   ,part we in 
friendship from your land1              
,and1 noble earl1 receive my hand4      
,but ,douglas round him drew his cloak1 
,folded his arms1 and thus he spoke3--  
,my manors1 halls1 and bowers1 shall    
still                   ,be open1 at my 
sovereign's will1                   ,to 
each one whom he lists1 howe'er         
,unmeet to be the owner's peer4         
,my castles are my king's alone1        
,from turret to foundation-stone2--     

,the hand of ,douglas is his own2       
,and never shall in friendly grasp      
,the hand of such as ,marmion clasp6    
,burned ,marmion's swarthy cheek like   
fire1                   ,and shook his  
very frame for ire1                     
,and--,this to me6 he said1--           
,an 't were not for thy hoary beard1    
,such hand as ,marmion's had not spared 
,to cleave the ,douglas' head6          
,and1 first1 ,i tell thee1 ,haughty     
peer1                   ,he who does    
,england's message here1                
,although the meanest in her state1     
,may well1 proud ,angus1 be thy mate6   
,and1 ,douglas1 more ,i tell thee here1 
,e'en in thy pitch of pride1            
,here1 in thy hold1 thy vassals near--  
7,nay1 never look upon your lord1       
,and lay your hands upon your sword17   
,i tell thee1 thou'rt defied6           
,and if thou said'st ,i am not a peer   
,to any lord in ,scotland here1         
,lowland or ,highland1 far or near1     
,lord ,angus1 thou hast lied6           

,on the earl's cheek the flush of rage  
,o'ercame the ashen hue of age3         
,fierce he broke forth3 ,and darest     
thou1 then1                   ,to beard 
the lion in his den1--                  
,the ,douglas in his hall8              
,and hopest thou hence unscathed to go8 
,no1 by ,saint ,bride of ,bothwell1     
no6--                   ,up drawbridge1 
grooms6 what1 warder1 ho6               
,let the portcullis fall4               
,lord ,marmion turned1--well was his    
need1--                   ,and dashed   
the rowels in his steed1                
,like arrow through the archway sprung2 
,the ponderous gate behind him rung3    
,to pass1 there was such scanty room1   
,the bars1 descending1 razed his plume4 
,the steed along the drawbridge flies1  
,just as it trembled on the rise2       
,not lighter does the swallow skim      
,along the smooth lake's level brim3    
,and when ,lord ,marmion reached his    
band1                   ,he halts1 and  
turns with clenched hand1               

,a shout of loud defiance pours1        
,and shakes his gauntlet at the towers6 
,sir ,w4 ,scott4                        
,,clxv4                                 
,,highland ,,war-,,song4                
,pibroch of ,donuil ,dhu1 pibroch of    
,donuil1                ,wake thy wild  
voice anew1 summon ,clan ,conuil4       
,come away1 come away1 hark to the      
summons6                ,come in your   
war-array1 gentles and commons4         
,come from deep glen1 and from mountain 
so rocky2                ,the war-pipe  
and pennon are at ,inverlocky4          
,come every hill-plaid1 and true heart  
that wears one1                ,come    
every steel blade1 and strong hand that 
bears one4                ,leave        
untended the herd1 the flock without    
shelter2                ,leave the      
corpse uninterred1 the bride at the     
altar2                ,leave the deer1  
leave the steer1 leave nets and barges3 
,come with your fighting gear1          
broadswords and targes4                 

,come as the winds come1 when forests   
are rended1                ,come as the 
waves come1 when navies are stranded3   
,faster come1 faster come1 faster and   
faster1                ,chief1 vassal1  
page and groom1 tenant and master4      
,fast they come1 fast they come2 see how
 they gather6                ,wide waves
 the eagle plume1 blended with heather4 
,cast your plaids1 draw your blades1    
forward each man set6                   
,pibroch of ,donuil ,dhu1 knell for the 
onset6                                  
,sir ,w4 ,scott4                        
,,clxvi4                                
,,david',s ,,lament ,,for ,,absalom4    
,the king stood still                   
,till the last echo died2 then1 throwing
 off                ,the sackcloth from 
his brow1 and laying back               
,the pall from the still features of his
 child1                ,he bowed his    
head upon him1 and broke forth          
,in the resistless eloquence of woe3--  
,alas6 my noble boy6 that thou shouldst 

die6                ,thou1 who wert made
 so beautifully fair6                   
,that death should settle in thy        
glorious eye1                ,and leave 
his stillness in this clustering hair6  
,how could he mark thee for the silent  
tomb1                ,my proud boy1     
,absalom6                 ,cold is thy  
brow1 my son6 and ,i am chill1          
,as to my bosom ,i have tried to press  
thee6                ,how was ,i wont to
 feel my pulses thrill1                 
,like a rich harp-string1 yearning to   
caress thee1                ,and hear   
thy sweet ',my father6' from those dumb 
,and cold lips1 ,absalom6               
,but death is on thee2 ,i shall hear the
 gush                ,of music1 and the 
voices of the young2                ,and
 life will pass me in the mantling      
blush1                ,and the dark     
tresses to the soft winds flung2--      
,but thou no more1 with thy sweet voice1
 shalt come                ,to meet me1 
,absalom6                 ,and oh6 when 

,i am stricken1 and my heart1           
,like a bruised reed1 is waiting to be  
broken1                ,how will its    
love for thee1 as ,i depart1            
,yearn for thine ear to drink its last  
deep token6                ,it were so  
sweet1 amid death's gathering gloom1    
,to see thee4 ,absalom6                 
,and now1 farewell6 ',t is hard to give 
thee up1                ,with death so  
like a gentle slumber on thee6--        
,and thy dark skin6--oh6 ,i could drink 
the cup1                ,if from this   
woe its bitterness had won thee4        
,may ,god have called thee1 like a      
wanderer1 home1                ,my lost 
boy ,absalom6                 ,he       
covered up his face1 and bowed himself  
,a moment on his child2 then1 giving him
                ,a look of melting      
tenderness1 he clasped                  
,his hands convulsively as if in prayer2
                ,and1 as if strength    
were given him of ,god1                 
,he rose up calmly1 and composed the    

pall                ,firmly and         
decently--and left him there1           
,as if his rest had been a breathing    
sleep4                                  
,n4 ,p4 ,willis4                        
,,clxvii4                               
,,look ,,not ,,upon ,,the ,,wine4       
,look not upon the wine when it         
,is red within the cup6                 
,stay not for pleasure when she fills   
,her tempting beaker up6                
,though clear its depths1 and rich its  
glow1                     ,a spell of   
madness lurks below4                    
,they say 't is pleasant on the lip1    
,and merry on the brain2                
,they say it stirs the sluggish blood1  
,and dulls the tooth of pain4           
,ay--but within its glowing deeps       
,a stinging serpent1 unseen1 sleeps4    
,its rosy lights will turn to fire1     
,its coolness change to thirst2         
,and1 by its mirth1 within the brain    
,a sleepless worm is nursed4            
,there's not a bubble at the brim       

,that does not carry food for him4      
,then dash the brimming cup aside1      
,and spill its purple wine2             
,take not its madness to thy lip--      
,let not its curse be thine4            
',t is red and rich but grief and woe   
,are in those rosy depths below4        
,n4 ,p4 ,willis4                        
,,clxviii4                              
,,the ,,leper4                    ,day  
was breaking1                   ,when at
 the altar of the temple stood          
,the holy priest of ,god4 ,the incense  
lamp                   ,burned with a   
struggling light1 and a low chant       
,swelled through the hollow arches of   
the roof1                   ,like an    
articulate wail2 and there1 alone1      
,wasted to ghastly thinness1 ,helon     
knelt4                   ,the echoes of 
the melancholy strain                   
,died in the distant aisles1 and he rose
 up1                   ,struggling with 
weakness1 and bowed down his head       
,unto the sprinkled ashes1 and put off  

,his costly raiment for the leper's     
garb1                   ,and with the   
sackcloth round him1 and his lip        
,hid in a loathsome covering1 stood     
still1                   ,waiting to    
hear his doom3--                        
,depart6 depart1 ,o child               
,of ,israel1 from the temple of thy     
,god6                   ,for ,he has    
smote thee with ,his chastening rod1    
,and to the desert-wild1                
,from all thou lov'st1 away thy feet    
must flee1                   ,that from 
thy plague ,his people may be free4     
,depart6 and come not near              
,the busy mart1 the crowded city1 more2 
,nor set thy foot a human threshold     
o'er4                   ,and stay thou  
not to hear                   ,voices   
that call thee in the way2 and fly      
,from all who in the wilderness pass by4
                    ,wet not thy burning
 lip                   ,in streams that 
to a human dwelling glide2              
,nor rest thee where the covert         

fountains hide2                   ,nor  
kneel thee down to dip                  
,the water where the pilgrim bends to   
drink1                   ,by desert     
well1 or river's grassy brink4          
,and pass not thou between              
,the weary traveller and the cooling    
breeze2                   ,and lie not  
down to sleep beneath the trees         
,where human tracks are seen2           
,nor milk the goat that browseth on the 
plain                   ,nor pluck the  
standing corn1 or yellow grain4         
,and now depart6 and when               
,thy heart is heavy1 and thine eyes are 
dim1                   ,lift up thy     
prayer beseechingly to ,him1            
,who1 from the tribes of men1           
,selected thee to feel ,his chastening  
rod--                   ,depart6 ,o     
leper6 and forget not ,god6             
,and he went forth--alone6 not one of   
all                   ,the many whom he 
loved1 nor she whose name               
,was woven in the fibres of the heart   

,breaking within him now1 to come and   
speak                   ,comfort unto   
him4 ,yea1 he went his way1             
,sick and heart-broken1 and alone--to   
die6                   ,for ,god had    
cursed the leper6                    ,it
 was noon1                   ,and ,helon
 knelt beside a stagnant pool           
,in the lone wilderness1 and bathed his 
brow1                   ,hot with the   
burning leprosy1 and touched            
,the loathsome water to his fevered     
lips1                   ,praying he     
might be so blest--to die6              
,footsteps approached1 and with no      
strength to flee1                   ,he 
drew the covering closer on his lip1    
,crying1 ,unclean6--unclean6 and in the 
folds                   ,of the coarse  
sackcloth shrouding up his face1        
,he fell upon the earth till they should
 pass4                   ,nearer the    
,stranger came1 and bending o'er        
,the leper's prostrate form1 pronounced 
his name--                   ,helon6    

,the voice was like the master-tone     
,of a rich instrument--most strangely   
sweet2                   ,and the dull  
pulses of disease awoke1                
,and for a moment beat beneath the hot  
,and leprous scales with a restoring    
thrill4                   ,helon arise6 
,and he forgot his curse1               
,and rose and stood before him4         
,love and awe                   ,mingled
 in the regard of ,helon's eye1         
,as he beheld the ,stranger4 ,he was not
                   ,in costly raiment   
clad1 nor on ,his brow                  
,the symbol of a lofty lineage wore2    
,no followers at ,his back1 nor in ,his 
hand                   ,buckler1 or     
sword1 or spear--yet in ,his mien       
,command sat throned serene1 and if ,he 
smiled1                   ,a kingly     
condescension graced ,his lips1         
,the lion would have crouched to in his 
lair4                   ,his garb was   
simple1 and ,his sandals worn2          
,his statue modelled with a perfect     

grace2                   ,his           
countenance1 the impress of a ,god1     
,touched with the open innocence of a   
child2                   ,his eye was   
blue and calm1 as is the sky            
,in the serenest noon2 ,his hair1       
unshorn1                   ,fell to ,his
 shoulders2 and ,his curling beard      
,the fulness of perfected manhood bore4 
,he looked on ,helon earnestly awhile1  
,as if ,his heart was moved2 and        
stooping down1                   ,he    
took a little water in ,his hand        
,and laid it on his brow1 and said1 ,be 
clean6                   ,and lo6 the   
scales fell from him1 and his blood     
,coursed with delicious coolness through
 his veins1                   ,and his  
dry palms grew moist1 and on his brow   
,the dewy softness of an infant's stole4
                   ,his leprosy was     
cleansed1 and he fell down              
,prostrate at ,jesus' feet1 and         
worshiped him4                          
,n4 ,p4 ,willis4                        

,,clxlx4                                
,,parrhasius ,,and ,,the ,,captive4     
,the golden light into the painter's    
room                 ,streamed richly1  
and the hidden colors stole             
,from the dark pictures radiantly forth1
                 ,and in the soft and   
dewy atmosphere1                 ,like  
forms and landscapes magical they lay4  
,parrhasius stood1 gazing forgetfully   
,upon his canvas4 ,there ,prometheus lay
                 ,chained to the cold   
rocks of ,mount ,caucasus--             
,the vulture at his vitals1 and the     
links                 ,of the lame      
,lemnian festering in his flesh2        
,and1 as the painter's mind felt through
 the dim                 ,rapt mystery1 
and plucked the shadows forth           
,with its far-reaching fancy1 and with  
form                 ,and color clad    
them1 hiss fine earnest eye             
,flashed with a passionate fire1 and the
 quick curl                 ,of ,his    
thin nostril1 and his quivering lip     

,were like the wingd god's1 breathing   
from his fight                  ,bring  
me the captive1 now6                 ,my
 hand feels skilful1 and the shadows    
lift                 ,from my waked     
spirit airily and swift1                
,and ,i could paint the bow             
,upon the bended heavens--around me play
                 ,colors of such        
divinity to-day4                  ,ha6  
bind him on his back6                   
,look6--as ,prometheus in my picture    
here6                 ,quick6--or he    
faints6--stand with the cordial near6   
,now--bend him on the rack6             
,press down the poisoned links into his 
flesh6                 ,and tear agape  
that healing wound afresh6              
,so1--let him writhe6 ,how long         
,will he live thus8 ,quick1 my good     
pencil1 now6                 ,what a    
fine agony works upon his brow6         
,ha6 gray-haired and so strong6         
,how fearfully he stifles that short    
moan6                 ,gods6 if ,i could

 but paint a dying groan6               
',pity' thee6 ,so ,i do6                
,i pity the dumb victim at the altar--  
,but does the robed priest for his pity 
falter8                 ,i'd rack thee1 
though ,i knew                 ,a       
thousand lives were perishing in thine--
                 ,what were ten thousand
 to a fame like mine8                   
,but1 there's a deathless name6         
,a spirit that the smothering vault     
shall spurn1                 ,and1 like 
a steadfast planet1 mount and burn--    
,and though its crown of flame          
,consumed my brain to ashes as it       
shone--                 ,by all the     
fiery stars6 ,i'd bind it on6           
,ay--though it bid me rifle             
,my heart's last fount for its insatiate
 thirst--                 ,though every 
life-strung nerve be maddened first--   
,though it should bid me stifle         
,the yearning in my throat for my sweet 
child1                 ,and taunt its   
mother till my brain went wild--        

,all--,i would do it all--              
,sooner than die1 like a dull worm1 to  
rot--                 ,thrust foully    
into earth to be forgot6                
,o heavens6--but ,i appall              
,your heart1 old man6--forgive--ha6 on  
your lives                 ,let him not 
faint6 rack him till he revives6        
,vain--vain--give o'er4 ,his eye        
,glazes apace4 ,he does not feel you    
now--                 ,stand back6 ,i'll
 paint the death-dew on his brow6       
,gods6 if he do not die1                
,but for one moment--one--till ,i       
eclipse                 ,conception with
 the scorn of those calm lips6          
,shivering6 ,hark6 he mutters           
,brokenly now--that was a difficult     
breath--                 ,another8 ,wilt
 thou never come1 ,o ,death8            
,look6 how his temple flutters6         
,is his heart still8 ,aha6 lift up his  
head6                 ,he               
shudders--gasps--,jove help             
him--so--he's dead4                     

,how like a mounting devil in the heart 
,rules the unreined ambition6 ,let it   
once                 ,but play the      
monarch1 and its haughty brow           
,glows with a beauty that bewilders     
thought1                 ,and enthrones 
peace forever4 ,putting on              
,the very pomp of ,lucifer1 it turns    
,the heart to ashes1 and with not a     
spring                 ,left in the     
bosom for the spirit's life1            
,we look upon our splendor1 and forget  
,the thirst of which we perish6         
,oh1 if earth be all1 and heaven        
nothing1                 ,what thrice   
mocked fools are we6                    
,n4 ,p4 ,willis4                        
,,clxx4                                 
,,casabianca4                      ,the 
boy stood on the burning deck           
,whence all but him had fled2           
,the flame that lit the battle's wreck  
,shone round him o'er the dead4         
,the flames rolled on4 ,he would not go 
,without his father's word2             

,that father faint in death below1      
,his voice no longer heard4             
,he called aloud3 say1 father1 say      
,if yet my task is done6                
,he knew not that the chieftain lay     
,unconscious of his son4                
,speak1 father6 once again he cried1    
,if ,i may yet be gone6                 
,and but the booming shots replied1     
,and fast the flames rolled on4         
,upon his brow he felt their breath1    
,and in his waving hair1                
,and looked from that lone post of death
                     ,in still1 yet     
brave despair2                      ,and
 shouted but once more aloud1           
,my father6 must ,i stay8               
,while o'er him fast through sail and   
shroud1                     ,the        
wreathing fires made way4               
,they wrapt the ship in splendor wild1  
,they caught the flag on high1          
,and streamed above the gallant child   
,like banners in the sky4               
,then came a burst of thunder sound--   

,the boy--oh6 where was he6             
,ask of the winds that far around       
,with fragments strewed the sea1        
,with mast1 and helm1 and pennon fair1  
,that well had borne their part2        
,but the noblest thing that perished    
there                     ,was that     
young faithful heart6                   
,mrs4 ,hemans4                          
,,clxxi4                                
,,the ,,bended ,,bow4                   
,there was heard the sound of a coming  
foe1                    ,there was sent 
through ,britain a bended bow2          
,and a voice was poured on the free     
winds far1                     ,as the  
land rose up at the sound of war3       
,heard ye not the battle horn8          
,reaper6 leave thy golden corn6         
,leave it for the birds of heaven2      
,swords must flash1 and spears be riven3
                    ,leave it for the   
winds to shed1--                        
,arm6 ere ,britain's turf grows red6    
,and the reaper armed1 like a freeman's 

son2                    ,and the bended 
bow and the voice passed on4            
,hunter6 leave the mountain chase6      
,take the falchion from its place6      
,let the wolf go free to-day2           
,leave him for a nobler prey6           
,let the deer ungalled sweep by1--      
,arm thee6 ,britain's foes are nigh6    
,and the hunter armed1 ere the chase was
 done2                    ,and the      
bended bow and the voice passed on4     
,chieftain6 quit the joyous feast6      
,stay not till the song hath ceased3    
,though the mead be foaming bright1     
,though the fire gives ruddy light1     
,leave the hearth and leave the hall1-- 
,arm thee6 ,britain's foes must fall6   
,and the chieftain armed1 and the horn  
was blown2                    ,and the  
bended bow and the voice passed on4     
,prince6 thy father's deeds are told    
,in the bower and in the hold1          
,where the goatherd's lay is sung1      
,where the minstrel's harp is strung6   
,foes are on thy native sea1--          

,give our bards a tale of thee6         
,and the prince came armed1 like a      
leader's son2                    ,and   
the bended bow and the voice passed on4 
,mother6 stay thou not thy boy6         
,he must learn the battle's joy4        
,sister6 bring the sword and spear1     
,give thy brother words of cheer6       
,maiden6 bid thy lover part2            
,britain calls the strong in heart6     
,and the bended bow and the voice passed
 on2                    ,and the bards  
made song of a battle won4              
,mrs4 ,hemans4                          
,,clxxii4                               
,,the ,,better ,,land4                  
,i hear thee speak of the better land1  
,thou call'st its children a happy band2
                    ,mother6 ,o where is
 that radiant shore8--                  
,shall we not seek it and weep no       
more8--                    ,is it where 
the flower of the orange blows1         
,and the fire-flies glance thro' the    
myrtle boughs8                   --,not 

there1 not there1 my child6             
,is it where the feathery palm-trees    
rise1                    ,and the date  
grows ripe under sunny skies8           
,or midst the green islands of          
glittering seas1                        
,where fragrant forests perfume the     
breeze1                    ,and strange1
 bright birds1 on starry wings1         
,bear the rich hues of all glorious     
things8                   --,not there1 
not there1 my child6                    
,is it far away1 in some region old1    
,where the rivers wander o'er sands of  
gold8--                    ,where the   
burning rays of the ruby shine1         
,and the diamond lights up the secret   
mine1                    ,and the pearl 
gleams forth from the coral strand8     
,is it there1 sweet mother6 that better 
land8                   --,not there1   
not there1 my child6                    
,eye hath not seen it1 my gentle boy6   
,ear hath not heard its deep songs of   
joy2                    ,dreams cannot  

picture a world so fair--               
,sorrow and death may not enter there2  
,time doth not breathe on its fadeless  
bloom1                    ,for beyond   
the clouds1 and beyond the tomb1        
--,it is there1 it is there1 my child   
,mrs4 ,hemans4                          
,,clxxiii4                              
,,landing ,,of ,,the ,,pilgrim          
,,fathers4                        ,the  
breaking waves dashed high              
,on a stern and rock-bound coast1       
,and the woads against a stormy sky     
,their giant branches tossed2           
,and the heavy night hung dark          
,the hills and waters o'er1             
,when a band of ,exiles moored their    
bark                       ,on the wild 
,new ,england shore4                    
,not as the conqueror comes1            
,they1 the true-hearted1 came2          
,not with the roll of the stirring drums
                       ,and the trumpet 
that sings of fame2                     
,not as the flying come1                

,in silence and in fear2--              
,they shook the depths of the desert's  
gloom                       ,with their 
hymns of lofty cheer4                   
,amidst the storm they sang1            
,and the stars heard1 and the sea6      
,and the sounding aisles of the dim     
woods rang                       ,to the
 anthem of the free6                    
,the ocean eagle soared                 
,from his nest by the white wave's foam1
                       ,and the rocking 
pines of the forest roared2--           
,this was their welcome home6           
,there were men with hoary hair         
,amidst that ,pilgrim band2             
,why have they come to wither there1    
,away from their childhood's land8      
,there was woman's fearless eye1        
,lit by her deep love's truth2          
,there was manhood's brow1 serenely     
high1                       ,and the    
fiery heart of youth4                   
,what sought they thus1 afar8           
,bright jewels of the mine8             

,the wealth of seas1 the spoils of war8 
--,they sought a faith's pure shrine6   
,ay1 call it holy ground1               
,the soil where first they trod6        
,they have left unstained what there    
they found--                            
,freedom to worship ,god6               
,mrs4 ,hemans4                          
,,clxxiv                                
,,bernardo ,,del ,,carpio4      ,the    
warrior bowed his crested head1 and     
tamed his heart of fire1     ,and sued  
the haughty king to free his            
long-imprisoned sire2--     ,i bring    
thee here my fortress-keys1 ,i bring my 
captive train1     ,i pledge thee faith1
 my liege1 my lord6--,o6 break my       
father's chain6    --,rise1 rise6 even  
now thy father comes1 a ransomed man    
this day6     ,mount thy good horse2 and
 thou and ,i will meet him on his way4  
,then lightly rose that loyal son1 and  
bounded on his steed1     ,and urged1 as
 if with lance in rest1 the charger's   
foamy speed4      ,and lo6 from far1 as 

on they pressed1 there came a glittering
 band1     ,with one that 'midst them   
stately rode1 as leader in the land3    
,now haste1 ,bernardo1 haste6 for there1
 in very truth1 is he1     ,the father  
whom thy faithful heart hath yearned so 
long to see4      ,his dark eye flashed1
 his proud breast heaved1 his cheek's   
hue                                     
came and went2     ,he reached that     
gray-haired chieftain's side1 and there1
 dismounting1                           
bent2     ,a lowly knee to earth he     
bent1 his father's hand he took--       
,what was there in its touch that all   
his fiery spirit shook8      ,that hand 
was cold--a frozen thing--it dropped    
from his like lead6     ,he looked up to
 the face above1--the face was of the   
dead6     ,a plume waved o'er the noble 
brow1--the brow was fixed and white3    
,he met at last1 his father's eyes1--but
 in them was no light6      ,up from the
 ground he sprang and gazed1--but who   
could paint that gaze8     ,they hushed 

their very hearts that saw its horror   
and amaze2--     ,they might have       
chained him1 as before that stony form  
he stood2     ,for the power was        
stricken from his arm1 and from his lip 
the blood4      ,father6 at length he   
murmured low1 and wept like childhood   
then3     ,talk not of grief till thou  
hast seen the tears of warlike men6     
,he thought on all his hopes1 and all   
his young renown1--     ,he flung his   
falchion from his side1 and in the dust 
sat down4      ,then covering with his  
steel-gloved hands his darkly mournful  
brow1--     ,no more1 there is no more1 
he said1 to lift the sword for1 now2    
,my king is false1--my hope betrayed6   
,my father--,o6 the worth1     ,the     
glory1 and the loveliness are passed    
away from earth6      ,i thought to     
stand where banners waved1 my sire1     
beside thee1 yet6     ,i would that     
there  our kindred blood on ,spain's    
free soil had met6     ,thou wouldst    
have known my spirit1 then2--for thee my

 fields were won2     ,and thou hast    
perished in thy chains1 as though thou  
hadst no son6      ,then1 starting from 
the ground once more1 he seized the     
monarch's rein1     ,amidst the pale and
 wildered looks of all the courtier     
train2     ,and1 with a fierce1         
o'ermastering grasp1 the rearing        
war-horse led     ,and sternly set them 
face to face--the king before the       
dead3--      ,came ,i not forth1 upon   
thy pledge1 my father's hand to kiss8-- 
,be still1 and gaze thou on1 false king6
 and tell me what is this8     ,the     
voice1 the glance1 the heart ,i         
sought1--give answer1 where are         
they8     ,if thou wouldst clear thy    
perjured soul1 send life through this   
cold                                    
clay6      ,into these glassy eyes put  
light2--be still6 keep down thine ire6--
     ,bid these white lips a blessing   
speak1--this earth is not my sire3      
,give me back him for whom ,i strove1   
for whom my blood was shed6--     ,thou 

canst not8--and a king6--his dust be    
mountains on thy head      ,he loosed   
the steed1--his slack hand fell2--upon  
the silent face     ,he cast one long1  
deep1 troubled look1 then turned from   
that sad place3     ,his hope was       
crushed1 his after fate untold in       
martial strain3--     ,his banner led   
the spears no more1 amidst the hills of 
,spain4                                 
,mrs4 ,hemans4                          
,,clxxv4                                
,,bernardo ,,and ,,king ,,alphonso4     
,with some good ten of his chosen men1  
,bernardo hath appeared1                
,before them all in the palace hall1    
,the lying king to beard2               
,with cap in hand and eye on ground1    
,he came in reverend guise1             
,but ever and anon he frowned1          
,and flame broke from his eyes4         
,a curse upon thee1 cries the king1     
,who com'st unbid to me6                
,but what from traitor's blood should   
spring1                    ,save traitor

 like to thee8                    ,his  
sire1 lords1 had a traitor's heart1--   
,perchance our champion brave           
,may think it were a pious part         
,to share ,don ,sancho's grave4         
--,whoever told this tale1              
,the king hath rashness to repeat1      
,cries ,bernard1 here my gage ,i fling  
,before the liar's feet6                
,no treason was in ,sancho's blood--    
,no stain in mine doth lie3             
,below the throne what knight will own  
,the coward calumny8                    
,the blood that ,i like water shed1     
,when ,roland did advance1              
,by secret traitors hired and led1      
,to make us slaves of ,france2          
,the life of king ,alphonso             
,i saved at ,roncesval--                
,your words1 ,lord ,king1 are recompense
                    ,abundant for it    
all4                     ,your horse was
 down--your hope was flown--            
,i saw the falchion shine               
,that soon had drunk your royal blood1  

,had ,i not ventured mine2              
,but memory soon of service done        
,deserteth the ingrate2                 
,you've thanked the son for life and    
crown                    ,by the        
father's bloody fate4                   
,ye swore upon your kingly faith        
,to set ,don ,sancho free2              
,but1 curse upon your paltering breath6 
,the light he never did see2            
,he died in dungeon cold and dim1       
,by ,alphonso's base decree2            
,and visage blind and stiffened limb1   
,were all they gave to me4              
,the king that swerveth from his word1  
,hath stained his purple black2         
,no ,spanish lord will draw his sword   
,behind a liar's back2                  
,but noble vengeance shall be mine1     
,and open hate ,i'll show--             
,the king hath injured ,carpio's line1  
,and ,bernard is his foe6               
--,seize1 seize him6 loud the ,king doth
 scream2                    ,there are a
 thousand here6                    ,let 

his foul blood this instant stream2--   
,what6 caitiffs1 do ye fear8            
,seize1 seize the traitor6 ,but not one 
,to move a finger dareth2               
,bernardo standeth by the throne1       
,and calm his sword he bareth4          
,he drew the falchion from the sheath1  
,and held it up on high2                
,and all the hall was still as death2-- 
,cries ,bernard1 ,here am ,i--          
,and here's the sword that owns no lord1
                    ,excepting ,heaven  
and me2                    ,fain would  
,i know who dares its point1--          
,king1 ,cond or ,grandee4               
,then to his mouth his horn he drew--   
,it hung below his cloak--              
,his ten true men the signal knew1      
,and through the ring they broke2       
,with helm on head1 and blade in hand1  
,the knights the circle break1          
,and back the lordlings 'gan to stand1  
,and the false king to quake4           
,ha6 ,bernard1 quoth ,alphonso1         
,what means this warlike guise8         

,ye know full well ,i jested--          
,ye know your worth ,i prize6           
,but ,bernard turned upon his heel1     
,and1 smiling1 passed away3--           
,long rued ,alphonso and his realm      
,the jesting of that day6               
,j4 ,g4 ,lockhart4                      
,,clxxvi4                               
,,the ,,bridge ,,of ,,sighs4            
,one more unfortunate1                  
,weary of breath1                       
,rashly importunate1                    
,gone to her death6                     
,take her up tenderly                   
,lift her with care2                    
,fashioned so slenderly                 
,young1 and so fair6                    
,look at her garments                   
,clinging like cerements2               
,whilst the wave constantly             
,drips from her clothing3               
,take her up instantly1                 
,loving1 not loathing4                  
,touch her not scornfully2              
,think of her mournfully                

,gentle and humanly2                    
,not of the stains of her--             
,all that remains of her                
,now is pure womanly4                   
,make no deep scrutiny                  
,into her mutiny                        
,rash and undutiful3                    
,past all dishonor1                     
,death has left on her                  
,only the beautiful4                    
,loop up her tresses                    
,escaped from the comb1                 
,her fair auburn tresses2               
,while wonderment guesses               
,where was her home8                    
,who was her father8                    
,who was her mother8                    
,had she a sister8                      
,had she a brother8                     
,or was there a dearer one              
,still1 and a nearer one                
,yet1 than all other8                   
,alas6 for the rarity                   
,of ,christian charity                  
,under the sun6                         

,oh6 it was pitiful                     
,near a whole city full                 
,home she had none6                     
,sisterly1 brotherly                    
,fatherly1 motherly                     
,feelings had changed3                  
,love by harsh evidence1                
,thrown from its eminence2              
,even ,god's providence                 
,seeming estranged4                     
,when the lamps quiver                  
,so far in the river1                   
,with many a light                      
,from window and casement1              
,from garret to basement1               
,she stood with amazement               
,houseless by night4                    
,the bleak winds of ,march              
,made her tremble and shiver            
,but not the dark arch1                 
,of the black flowing river4            
,mad from life's history                
,glad to death's mystery                
,swift to be hurled--                   
,anywhere1 anywhere1                    

,out of the world--                     
,in she plunged boldly1                 
,no matter how coldly                   
,the rough river ran4                   
,take her up tenderly1                  
,lift her with care2                    
,fashioned so slenderly                 
,young1 and so fair6                    
,ere her limbs frigidly                 
,stiffen too rigidly1                   
,decently1 kindly1                      
smooth1 and compose them2               
,and her eyes1 close them1              
,staring so blindly6                    
,dreadfully staring                     
,through muddy impurity1                
,as when with the daring                
,last look of despairing                
,fixed on futurity1                     
,perishing gloomily1                    
,spurred by contumely                   
,cold inhumanity1                       
,burning insanity1                      
,into her rest4                         
--,cross her hands humbly               

,as if praying dumbly1                  
,over her breast6                       
,owning her weakness1                   
,her evil behavior1                     
,and leaving1 with meekness1            
,her sins to her ,saviour6              
,t4 ,hood4                              
,,clxxvii4                              
,,song ,,of ,,the ,,shirt4              
,with fingers weary and worn1           
,with eyelids heavy and red1            
,a woman sat1 in unwomanly rags1        
,plying her needle and thread1--        
,stitch6 stitch6 stitch6                
,in poverty1 hunger1 and dirt1          
,and still1 with a voice of dolorous    
pitch1                         ,she sang
 the ,song of the ,shirt4               
,work6 work6 work6                      
,while the cock is crowing aloof6       
,and work1--work1--work1                
,till the stars shine through the roof6 
,it's1 oh6 to be a slave                
,along with the barbarous ,turk1        
,where woman has never a soul to save1  

,if this is ,christian work6            
,work1--work1--work6                    
,till the brain begins to swim1         
,work1--work1--work1                    
,till the eyes are heavy and dim6       
,seam1 and gusset1 and band1            
,band1 and gusset1 and seam1            
,till over the buttons ,i fall asleep1  
,and sew them on in a dream6            
,oh6 men1 with sisters dear6            
,oh6 men with mothers and wives6        
--,it is not linen you're wearing out1  
,but human creatures' lives6            
,stitch1--stitch1--stitch1              
,in poverty1 hunger1 and dirt1          
,sewing at once1 with a double thread1  
,a shroud as well as a shirt4           
,but why do ,i talk of death1           
,that ,phantom of grizzly bone8         
,i hardly fear his terrible shape1      
,it seems so like my own2               
,it seems so like my own1               
,because of the fasts ,i keep2          
,oh1 ,god6 that bread should be so dear1
                         ,and flesh and 

blood so cheap6                         
,work1--work1--work6                    
,my labor never flags2                  
,and what are its wages8 ,a bed of      
straw1                         ,a crust 
of bread1--and rags4--                  
,that shattered roof1--and this naked   
floor1--                         ,a     
table1--a broken chair1--               
,and a wall so blank1 my shadow ,i thank
                         ,for sometimes 
falling there6                          
,work1--work1--work6                    
,from weary chime to chime6             
,work1--work1--work1                    
,as prisoners work for crime6           
,band1 and gusset1 and seam1            
,seam1 and gusset1 and band1            
,till the heart is sick1 and the brain  
benumbed1                         ,as   
well as the weary hand4                 
,work1--work1--work1                    
,in the dull ,december light1           
,and work1--work1--work1                
,when the weather is warm and bright2   

,while underneath the eaves             
,the brooding swallows cling1           
,as if to show me their sunny backs     
,and twit me with the ,spring4          
,oh6 but to breathe the breath          
,of the cowslip and primrose sweets--   
,with the sky above my head             
,and the grass beneath my feet2         
,for only one short hour                
,to feel as ,i used to feel             
,before ,i knew the woes of want1       
,and the walk that costs a meal6        
,oh6 for but one short hour1            
,a respite1 however brief6              
,no blessed leisure for ,love or ,hope1 
,but only time for ,grief6              
,a little weeping would ease my heart2  
,but in their briny bed                 
,my tears must stop1 for every drop     
,hinders needle and thread6             
,with fingers weary and worn1           
,with eyelids heavy and red1            
,a woman sat in unwomanly rags          
,plying her needle and thread--         
,stitch6--stitch6 stitch6               

,in poverty1 hunger1 and dirt1          
,and still with a voice of dolorous     
pitch1--                         ,would 
that its song could reach the rich6--   
,she sang this ,song of the ,shirt4     
,t4 ,hood4                              
,,clxxviii4                             
,,look ,,aloft4                ,in the  
tempest of life1 when the waves and the 
gale               ,are around and      
above1 if thy footing should fail1      
,if thine eye should grow dim1 and thy  
caution depart1               ,look     
aloft1 and be firm1 and be fearless of  
heart4                ,if thy friend1   
who embraced in prosperity's glow1      
,with a smile for each joy1 and a tear  
for each woe1               ,should     
betray thee when sorrows like clouds are
 arrayed1               ,look aloft to  
the friendship which never shall fade4  
,should the visions which hope spreads  
in light to the eye1               ,like
 the tints of the rainbow1 but brighten 
to fly1               ,then turn1 and1  

through tears of repentant regret1      
,look aloft to the sun that is never to 
set4                ,should they who are
 dearest1--the son of thy heart1        
,the wife of thy bosom1--in sorrow      
depart1               ,look aloft1 from 
the darkness and dust of the tomb1      
,to that soil where affection is ever to
 bloom4                ,and1 oh6 when   
,death comes in his terror to cast      
,his fears on the future1 his pall on   
the past1               ,in that moment 
of darkness with hope in thy heart1     
,and a smile in thine eye1 look         
aloft--and depart4                      
,j4 ,lawrence4                          
,,clxxix4                               
,,press ,,on4                     ,press
 on6 there's no such word as fail6      
,press nobly on6 the goal is near1--    
,ascend the mountain6 breast the gale6  
,look upward1 onward1--never fear6      
,why should'st thou faint8 ,heaven      
smiles above1                    ,though
 storm and vapor intervene2             

,that sun shines on1 whose name is      
,love1                    ,serenely o'er
 ,life's shadowed scene4                
,press on6 surmount the rocky steeps1   
,climb boldly o'er the torrent's arch2  
,he fails alone who feebly creeps2      
,he wins who dares the hero's march4    
,be thou a hero6 let thy might          
,tramp on eternal snows its way1        
,and1 through the ebon wails of night   
,hew down a passage unto day4           
,press on6 if once and twice thy feet   
,slip back and stumble1 harder try2     
,from him who never dreads to meet      
,danger and death1 they're sure to fly4 
,to coward ranks the bullet speeds1     
,while on their breasts1 who never      
quail1                    ,gleams1      
guardian of chivalric deeds1            
,bright courage1 like a coat of mail4   
,press on6 if ,fortune play thee false  
,to-day1 to-morrow she'll be true2      
,whom now she sinks1 she now exalts     
,taking old gifts1 and granting new4    
,the wisdom of the present hour         

,makes up for follies past and gone2--  
,to weakness strength succeeds1 and     
power                    ,from frailty  
springs1--press on6 press on6           
,press bravely on6 and reach the goal1  
,and gain the prize1 and wear the crown2
                    ,faint not6 for to  
the steadfast soul                      
,come wealth1 and honor1 and renown4    
,to thine own self be true1 and keep    
,thy mind from sloth1 thy heart from    
soil2                    ,press on6 and 
thou shalt surely reap                  
,a heavenly harvest for thy toil4       
,p4 ,benjamin4                          
,,clxxx4                                
,,kindness4                     ,the    
blessings which the weak and poor can   
scatter                    ,have their  
own season4 ',t is a little thing       
,to give a cup of water2 yet its draught
                    ,of cool            
refreshment1 drained by fevered lips1   
,may give a shock of pleasure to the    
frame                    ,more exquisite

 than when sectarian juice              
renews the life of joy in happiest      
hours4                    ,it is a      
little thing to speak a phrase          
,of common comfort which by daily use   
,has almost lost its sense2 yet on the  
ear                    ,of him who      
thought to die unmourned 't will fall   
,like choicest music2 fill the glazing  
eye                    ,with gentle     
tears2 relax the knotted hand           
,to know the bonds of fellowship again2 
,and shed on the departing soul a sense 
,more precious than the benison of      
friends                    ,about the   
honored death-bed of the rich1          
,to him who else were lonely1 that      
another                    ,of the great
 family is near and feels4              
,sergeant ,talfourd4                    
,,clxxxi4                               
,,how',s ,,my ,,boy8                    
,ho1 sailor of the sea6                 
,how 's my boy--my boy8                 
,what's your boy's name1 good wife1     

,and in what good ship sailed he8       
,my boy ,john--                         
,he that went to sea--                  
,what care ,i for the ship1 sailor8     
,my boy's my boy to me4                 
,you come back from sea                 
,and not know my ,john8                 
,i might as well have asked some        
landsman                                
,yonder down in the town4               
,there's not an ass in all the parish   
,but he knows my ,john4                 
,how's my boy--my boy8                  
,and unless you let me know             
,i'll swear you are no sailor1          
,blue jacket or no1                     
,brass button or no1 sailor1            
,anchor or crown or no6                 
,sure his ship was the ,jolly ,briton-- 
,speak low1 woman1 speak low6           
,and why should ,i speak low1 sailor8   
,about my own boy ,john8                
,if ,i was loud as ,i am proud          
,i'll sing him over the town6           
,why should ,i speak low1 sailor8--     

,that good ship went down4              
,how 's my boy--my boy8                 
,what care ,i for the ship1 sailor1     
,i never was aboard her4                
,be she afloat1 or be she aground1      
,sinking or swimming1 ,i'll be bound1   
,her owners can afford her6             
,i say how's my ,john8--                
,every man on board went down1          
,every man aboard her4                  
,how's my boy--my boy8                  
,what care ,i for the men1 sailor8      
,i'm not their mother--                 
,how's my boy--my boy8                  
,tell me of him and no other6           
,how's my boy--my boy8                  
,s4 ,dobell4                            
,,clxxxii4                              
,,excelsior4                     ,the   
shades of night were falling fast1      
,as through an ,alpine village passed   
,a youth1 who bore1 mid snow and ice1   
,a banner with the strange device1      
,excelsior6                     ,his    
brow was sad2 his eye beneath1          

,flashed like a falchion from its       
sheath2                    ,and like a  
silver clarion rung                     
,the accents of that unknown tongue6    
,excelsior6                     ,in     
happy homes he saw the light            
,of household fires gleam warm and      
bright3                    ,above1 the  
spectral glaciers shone2                
,and from his lips escaped a groan1     
,excelsior6                     ,try not
 the pass6 the old man said2            
,dark lowers the tempest overhead4      
,the roaring torrent is deep and wide6  
,and loud that clarion voice replied1   
,excelsior6                     ,o1     
stay1 the maiden said1 and rest         
,thy weary head upon this breast6--     
,a tear stood in his bright blue eye2   
,but still he answered with a sigh1     
,excelsior6                     ,beware 
the pine-tree's withered branch6        
,beware the awful avalanche6            
,this was the peasant's last good       
night2--                    ,a voice    

replied1 far up the height1             
,excelsior6                     ,at     
break of day1 as heavenward             
,the pious monks of ,saint ,bernard     
,uttered their oft-repeated prayer1     
,a voice cried through the startled air1
                                        
,excelsior6                     ,a      
traveller1--by the faithful hound1      
,half buried in the snow was found1     
,still grasping in his hand of ice      
,that banner with the strange device1   
,excelsior6                     ,there1 
in the twilight cold and gray1          
,lifeless but beautiful he lay2         
,and from the sky1 serene and far1      
,a voice fell1 like a falling star1--   
,excelsior6                             
,h4 ,w4 ,longfellow4                    
,,clxxxiii4                             
,a ,,psalm ,,of ,,life4                 
,tell me not1 in mournful numbers1      
,life is but an empty dream6            
,for the soul is dead that slumbers1    
,and things are not what they seem4     

,life is real6 ,life is earnest6        
,and the grave is not its goal2         
,dust thou art1 to dust returnest1      
,was not spoken of the soul4            
,not enjoyment1 and not sorrow1         
,is our destined end or way2            
,but to act1 that each to-morrow        
,find us further than to-day4           
,art is long1 and ,time is fleeting2    
,and our hearts1 though stout and brave1
                     ,still1 like       
muffled drums1 are beating              
,funeral marches to the grave4          
,in the world's broad field of battle1  
,in the bivouac of ,life1               
,be not like dumb1 driven cattle6       
,be a hero in the strife6               
,trust no ,future1 howe'er pleasant6    
,let the dead ,past bury its dead6      
,act1--act in the living ,present6      
,heart within1 and ,god o'erhead6       
,lives of great men all remind us       
,we can make our lives sublime1         
,and1 departing1 leave behind us        
,footprints on the sands of time2--     

,footprints1 that perhaps another1      
,sailing o'er life's solemn main1       
,a forlorn and shipwrecked brother1     
,seeing1 shall take heart again4        
,let us1 then1 be up and doing1         
,with a heart for any fate2             
,still achieving1 still pursuing1       
,learn to labor and to wait4            
,h4 ,w4 ,longfellow4                    
,,clxxxiv4                              
,,the ,,launching ,,of ,,the ,,ship4    
,all is finished1 and at length         
,has come the bridal day                
,of beauty and of strength4             
,to-day the vessel shall be launched6   
,with fleecy clouds the sky is blanched1
                     ,and o'er the bay1 
,slowly1 in all his splendors dight1    
,the great sun rises to behold the      
sight4                      ,the ocean  
old1                     ,centuries old1
                     ,strong as youth1  
and as uncontrolled1                    
,paces restless to and fro1             
,up and down the sands of gold4         

,his beating heart is not at rest2      
,and far and wide                       
,with ceaseless flow                    
,his beard of snow                      
,heaves with the heaving of his breast4 
,he waits impatient for his bride4      
,there she stands1                      
,with her foot upon the sands1          
,decked with flags and streamers gay1   
,in honor of her marriage-day1          
,her snow-white signals fluttering1     
blending1                     ,round her
 like a veil descending1                
,ready to be                     ,the   
bride of the gray old sea4              
,then the ,master1                      
,with a gesture of command1             
,waved his hand2                        
,and at the word1                       
,loud and sudden there was heard1       
,all around them and below1             
,the sound of hammers1 blow on blow1    
knocking away the shores and spurs4     
,and see6 she stirs6                    
,she starts1--she moves1--she seems to  

feel                     ,the thrill of 
life along her keel1                    
,and1 spurning with her foot the ground1
                     ,with one exulting1
 joyous bound1                     ,she 
leaps into the ocean's arms4            
,and lo6 from the assembled crowd       
,there rose a shout1 prolonged and loud1
                     ,that to the ocean 
seemed to say1                     ,take
 her1 ,o bridegroom1 old and gray2      
,take her to thy protecting arms1       
,with all her youth and all her charms4 
,how beautiful she is6 how fair         
,she lies within those arms1 that press 
,her form with many a soft caress       
,of tenderness and watchful care6       
,sail forth into the sea1 ,o ship6      
,through wind and wave1 right onward    
steer6                     ,the         
moistened eye1 the trembling lip1       
,are not the signs of doubt or fear4    
,sail forth into the sea of life1       
,o gentle1 loving1 trusting wife1       
,and safe from all adversity1           

,upon the bosom of that sea             
,thy comings and thy goings be6         
,for gentleness1 and love1 and trust1   
,prevail o'er angry wave and gust2      
,and in the wreck of noble lives        
,something immortal still survives6     
,thou1 too1 sail on1 ,o ship of ,state6 
,sail on1 ,o ,union1 strong and great6  
,humanity1 with all its fears1          
,with all its hopes of future years1    
,is hanging breathless on thy fate6     
,we know what ,master laid thy keel1    
,what workman wrought thy ribs of steel1
                     ,who made each     
mast1 and sail1 and rope1               
,what anvils rang1 what hammers beat1   
,in what a forge1 and what a heat1      
,were shaped the anchors of thy hope4   
,fear not each sudden sound and shock2  
',t is of the wave1 and not the rock2   
',t is but the flapping of the sail1    
,and not a rent made by the gale4       
,in spite of rock and tempest roar1     
,in spite of false lights on the shore1 
,sail on1 nor fear to breast the sea4   

,our hearts1 our hopes1 are all with    
thee3                     ,our hearts1  
our hopes1 our prayers1 our tears1      
,our faith triumphant o'er our fears1   
,are all with thee--are all with thee4  
,h4 ,w4 ,longfellow4                    
,,clxxxv4                               
,,the ,,negro',s ,,complaint4           
,forced from home and all its pleasures1
                    ,afric's coast ,i   
left forlorn2                    ,to    
increase a stranger's treasures1        
,o'er the raging billows borne4         
,men from ,england bought and sold me1  
,paid my price in paltry gold2          
,but though slave they have enrolled me1
                    ,minds are never to 
be sold4                    ,still in   
thought as free as ever1                
,what are ,england's rights1 ,i ask1    
,me from my delights to sever1          
,me to torture1 me to task8             
,fleecy locks and black complexion      
,cannot forfeit ,nature's claim2        
,skins may differ1 but affection        

,dwells in white and black the same4    
,why did all-creating ,nature           
,make the plant for which we toil8      
,sighs must fan it1 tears must water1   
,sweat of ours must dress the soil4     
,think1 ye masters1 iron-hearted1       
,lolling at your jovial boards2         
,think how many backs have smarted      
,for the sweets your cane affords4      
,is there1 as ye sometimes tell us1     
,is there ,one who reigns on high8      
,has ,he bid you buy and sell us1       
,speaking from ,his throne1 the sky8    
,ask ,him1 if your knotted scourges1    
,matches1 blood-extorting screws1       
,are the means that duty urges          
,agents of ,his will to use8            
,hark6 ,he answers1--wild tornadoes1    
,strewing yonder sea with wrecks1       
,wasting towns1 plantations1 meadows1   
,are the voice with which ,he speaks4   
,he1 foreseeing what vexations          
,afric's sons should undergo1           
,fixed their tyrants' habitation        
,where his whirlwinds answer--,no4      

,by our blood in ,afric wasted1         
,ere our necks received the chain2      
,by the miseries that we tasted1        
,crossing in your barks the main2       
,by our suffering since ye brought us   
,to the man-degrading mart2             
,all1 sustained by patience1 taught us  
,only by a broken heart4                
,deem our nation brutes no longer1      
,till some reason ye shall find         
,worthier of regard1 and stronger       
,than the color of our kind4            
,slaves of gold6 whose sordid dealings  
,tarnish all your boasted powers1       
,prove that you have human feelings1    
,ere you proudly question ours4         
,w4 ,cowper4                            
,,clxxxvi4                              
,,loss ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,george4     
,toll for the brave6 the brave that are 
no more6          ,all sunk beneath the 
wave1 fast by their native shore6       
,eight hundred of the brave1 whose      
courage well was tried1          ,had   
made the vessel heel1 and laid her on   

her side4          ,a laud-breeze shook 
the shrouds1 and she was overset2       
,down went the ,royal ,george1 with all 
her crew complete6          ,toll for   
the brave6 ,brave ,kempenfelt is gone2  
,his last sea-fight is fought his work  
of glory done4          ,it was not in  
the battle2 no tempest gave the shock2  
,she sprang no fatal leak2 she ran upon 
no rock4          ,his sword was in its 
sheath1 his fingers held the pen1       
,when ,kempenfelt went down1 with twice 
four hundred men4          ,weigh the   
vessel up1 once dreaded by our foes1    
,and mingle with our cup the tear that  
,england owes6          ,her timbers yet
 are sound1 and she may float again1    
,full charged with ,england's thunder1  
and plow the distant main4          ,but
 ,kempenfelt is gone1 his victories are 
o'er2          ,and he and his eight    
hundred shall plow the waves no more4   
,w4 ,cowper4                            
,,cxxxvii4                              
,,slavery4                ,o for a lodge

 in some vast wilderness1               
,some boundless contiguity of shade1    
,where rumor of oppression and deceit1  
,of unsuccessful or successful war1     
,might never reach me more4             
,my ear is pained1               ,my    
soul is sick1 with every day's report   
,of wrong and outrage1 with which earth 
is filled4               ,there is no   
flesh in man's obdurate heart2          
,it does not feel for man2 the natural  
bond               ,of brotherhood is   
severed as the flax               ,that 
falls asunder at the touch of fire4     
,he finds his fellow guilty of a skin   
,not colored like his own2 and having   
power               ,to enforce the     
wrong1 for such a worthy cause1         
,dooms and devotes him as his lawful    
prey4               ,lands intersected  
by a narrow frith               ,abhor  
each other4 ,mountains interposed       
,make enemies of nations1 who had else  
,like kindred drops been mingled into   
one4               ,thus man devotes his

 brother1 and destroys2                 
,and worse than all1 and most to be     
deplored1               ,as human       
nature's broadest1 foulest blot1        
,chains him1 and tasks him1 and exacts  
his sweat               ,with stripes1  
that ,mercy1 with a bleeding heart1     
,weeps when she sees inflicted on a     
beast4               ,then what is man8 
,and what man1 seeing this1             
,and having human feelings1 does not    
blush1               ,and hang his head1
 to think himself a man8                
,i would not have a slave to till my    
ground1               ,to carry me1 to  
fan me while ,i sleep1                  
,and tremble when ,i wake1 for all the  
wealth               ,that sinews1      
bought and sold1 has ever earned4       
,no3 dear as freedom is1 and in my      
heart's               ,just estimation  
prized above all price1               ,i
 had much rather be myself the slave1   
,and wear the bonds1 than fasten them on
 him4               ,we have no slaves  

at home--then why abroad8               
,and they themselves once ferried o'er  
the wave               ,that parts us1  
are emancipate and loosed4              
,slaves cannot breathe in ,england2 if  
their lungs               ,receive our  
air1 that moment they are free2         
,they touch our country1 and their      
shackles fall4               ,that's    
noble1 and bespeaks a nation proud      
,and jealous of the blessing4 ,spread   
it1 then1               ,and let it     
circulate through every vein            
,of all your empire2 that1 where        
,britain's power               ,is felt1
 mankind may feel her mercy too4        
,w4 ,cowper4                            
,,clxxxviii4                            
,,the ,,seminole',s ,,reply4            
,blaze with your serried columns6       
,i will not bend the knee6              
,the shackles ne'er again shall bind    
,the arm which now is free4             
,i've mailed it with the thunder1       
,when the tempest muttered low2         

,and where it falls1 ye well may dread  
,the lightning of its blow6             
,i've scared ye in the city1            
,i've scalped ye on the plain2          
,go1 count your chosen1 where they fell 
,beneath my leaden rain6                
,i scorn your proffered treaty6         
,the pale-face ,i defy6                 
,revenge is stamped upon my spear1      
,and blood my battle-cry6               
,ye've trailed me through the forest1   
,ye've tracked me o'er the stream2      
,and struggling through the everglade1  
,your bristling bayonets gleam2         
,but ,i stand as should the warrior1    
,with his rifle and his spear2--        
,the scalp of vengeance still is red1   
,and warns ye1--,come not here6         
,i loathe ye in my bosom1               
,i scorn ye with my eye1                
,and ,i'll taunt ye with my latest      
breath1                         ,and    
fight ye till ,i die6                   
,i never will ask ye quarter1           
,and ,i never will be your slave2       

,but ,i'll swim the sea of slaughter1   
,till ,i sink beneath the wave6         
,g4 ,w4 ,patten4                        
,,clxxxix4                              
,,the ,,three ,,beats4                  
,roll--roll6--,how gladly swell the     
distant notes               ,from where1
 on high1 yon starry pennon floats6     
,roll--roll6--,on1 gorgeously they come1
               ,with plumes             
low-stooping1 on their winding way1     
,with lances gleaming in the sun's      
bright ray3--               ,what do ye 
here1 my merry comrades1--say8--        
,we beat the gathering drum2            
',t is this which gives to mirth a      
lighter tone1               ,to the     
young soldier's cheek a deeper glow1    
,when stretched upon his grassy couch1  
alone1               ,it steals upon his
 ear1--this martial call                
,prompts him to dreams of gorgeous war1 
with all                ,its pageantry  
and show6                               
,roll--roll6--,what is it that ye beat8 

,we sound the charge6--,on with the     
courser fleet6--               ,where   
'mid the columns1 red war's eagles fly1 
,we swear to do or die6--               
',t is this which feeds the fires of    
,fame with breath1               ,which 
steels the soldier's heart to deeds of  
death2               ,and when his hand1
               ,fatigued with slaughter1
 pauses o'er the slain1                 
',t is this which prompts him madly once
 again               ,to seize the      
bloody brand6                           
,roll--roll6--,brothers1 what do ye     
here1               ,slowly and sadly as
 ye pass along1               ,with your
 dull march and low funereal song8      
,comrade6 we bear a bier6               
,i saw him fall6               ,and1 as 
he lay beneath his steed1 one thought1  
7,strange how the mind such fancy should
 have wrought67               ,that1 had
 he died beneath his native skies1      
,perchance some gentle bride had closed 
his eyes               ,and wept beside 

his pall6                               
,g4 ,w4 ,patten4                        
,,cxc4                                  
,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,ivry4       ,now  
glory to the ,lord of ,hosts1 from whom 
all glories are6      ,and glory to our 
sovereign liege1 ,king ,henry of        
,navarre6      ,now let there be the    
merry sound of music and the dance1     
,through thy corn-fields green1 and     
sunny vales1 ,o pleasant land of        
,france6      ,and thou1 ,rochelle1 our 
own ,rochelle1 proud city of the waters1
      ,again let rapture light the eyes 
of all thy mourning daughters2      ,as 
thou wert constant in our ills1 be      
joyous in our joy1      ,for cold and   
stiff and still are they who wrought thy
 walls annoy4      ,hurrah6 hurrah6 a   
single field hath turned the chance of  
war6      ,hurrah6 hurrah6 for ,ivry and
 ,king ,henry of ,navarre6       ,o6 how
 our hearts were beating1 when1 at the  
dawn of day1      ,we saw the army of   
the ,league draw out in long array2     

,with all its priest-led citizens1 and  
all its rebel peers1      ,and          
,appenzel's stout infantry and ,egmont's
 ,flemish spears6      ,there rode the  
brood of false ,lorraine1 the curses of 
our land6      ,and dark ,mayenne was in
 the midst1 a truncheon in his hand2    
,and1 as we looked on them1 we thought  
of ,seine's empurpled flood1      ,and  
good ,coligni's hoary hair all dabbled  
with his blood2      ,and we cried unto 
the living ,god1 who rules the fate of  
war1      ,to fight for ,his own holy   
name1 and ,henry of ,navarre4       ,the
 ,king has come to marshal us1 in all   
his armor drest1      ,and he has bound 
a snow-white plume upon his gallant     
crest4      ,he looked upon his ,people1
 and a tear was in his eye2      ,he    
looked upon the traitors1 and his glance
 was stern and high4      ,right        
graciously he smiled on us1 as rolled   
from wing to wing1      ,down all our   
line1 in deafening shout1 ,god save our 
lord1 the ,king6      ,and if my        

standard-bearer fall1--as fall full well
 he may1      ,for never saw6 promise   
yet of such a bloody fray1--      ,press
 where ye see my white plume shine1 amid
 the ranks of war1      ,and be your    
oriflamme1 to-day1 the helmet of        
,navarre4       ,hurrah6 the foes are   
moving6 ,hark to the mingled din        
,of fife1 and steed1 and trump1 and     
drum1 and roaring culverin6      ,the   
fiery ,duke is pricking fast across     
,saint ,andr's plain1      ,with all the
 hireling chivalry of ,guelders and     
,almayne4      ,now1 by the lips of     
those ye love1 fair gentlemen of        
,france1      ,charge for the golden    
lilies now1 upon them with the lance6   
,a thousand spurs are striking deep1 a  
thousand spears in rest1      ,a        
thousand knights are pressing close     
behind the snow-white crest1      ,and  
in they burst1 and on they rushed1      
while1 like a guiding star1      ,amidst
 the thickest carnage blazed the helmet 
of ,navarre4       ,now1 ,god be        

praised1 the day is ours6 ,mayenne hath 
turned his rein1      ,d',aumale hath   
cried for quarter--the ,flemish ,count  
is slain2      ,their ranks are breaking
 like thin clouds before a ,biscay gale2
      ,the fields are heaped with       
bleeding steeds1 and flags1 and cloven  
mail4      ,and then we thought on      
vengeance1 and all along our van        
,remember ,saint ,bartholomew6 was      
passed from man to man4      ,but out   
spake gentle ,henry1 then--,no          
,frenchman is my foe2      ,down1 down  
with every foreigner6 but let your      
brethren go4      ,o6 was there ever    
such a knight1 in friendship or in war1 
,as our sovereign lord1 ,king ,henry1   
the soldier of ,navarre6       ,ho6     
maidens of ,vienna6 ,ho6 matrons of     
,lucerne6      ,weep1 weep and rend your
 hair for those who never shall return6 
,ho6 ,philip1 send for charity thy      
,mexican pistoles1      ,that ,antwerp  
monks may sing a mass for thy poor      
spearmen's souls4      ,ho6 gallant     

nobles of the ,league1 look that your   
arms be bright6      ,ho6 burghers of   
,st4 ,genevieve1 keep watch and ward    
to-night6      ,for our ,god hath       
crushed the tyrant1 our ,god hath raised
 the slave1      ,and mocked the counsel
 of the wise and the valor of the brave4
      ,then glory to ,his holy name1    
from whom all glories are6      ,and    
glory to our sovereign lord1 ,king      
,henry of ,navarre6                     
,t4 ,b4 ,macaulay4                      
,,cxci4                           ,,the 
,,soldier ,,from ,,bingen4       ,a     
soldier of the ,legion lay dying in     
,algiers4      ,there was lack of       
woman's nursing1 there was dearth of    
woman's tears2      ,but a comrade stood
 beside him1 while his life-blood ebb'd 
away1      ,and bent1 with pitying      
glances1 to hear what he might say4     
,the dying soldier faltered1 as he took 
that comrade's hand1      ,and he said1 
,i never more shall see my own1 my      
native land2      ,take a message1 and a

 token1 to some distant friends of mine1
      ,for ,i was born at ,bingen--at   
,bingen on the ,rhine4       ,tell my   
brothers and companions1 when they meet 
and crowd around      ,to hear my       
mournful story1 in the pleasant vineyard
 ground1      ,that we fought the battle
 bravely1 and when the day was done1    
,full many a corse lay ghastly pale1    
beneath the setting sun4      and 'midst
 the dead and dying1 were some grown old
 in wars1      ,the death-wound on their
 gallant breasts1 the last of many      
scars2      ,but some were young--and   
suddenly beheld life's morn decline2    
,and one had come from ,bingen--fair    
,bingen on the ,rhine6       ,tell my   
mother that her other sons shall comfort
 her old age1      and ,i was aye a     
truant bird1 that thought his home a    
cage2      ,for my father was a soldier1
 and even as a child      ,my heart     
leaped forth to hear him tell of        
struggles fierce and wild2      ,and    
when he died1 and left us to divide his 

scanty hoard1      ,i let them take     
whate're they would1 but kept my        
father's sword1      ,and with boyish   
love ,i hung it where the bright light  
used to shine1      ,on the cottage-wall
 at ,bingen--calm ,bingen on the ,rhine6
       ,tell my sister not to weep for  
me1 and sob with drooping head1         
,when the troops are marching home      
again1 with glad and gallant tread2     
,but to look upon them proudly1 with a  
calm and steadfast eye1      ,for her   
brother was a soldier too1 and not      
afraid to die4      ,and if a comrade   
seek her love1 ,i ask her in my name    
,to listen to him kindly1 without regret
 or shame2      ,and to hang the old    
sword in its place 7my father's sword   
and mine71      ,for the honor of old   
,bingen--dear ,bingen on the ,rhine6    
,there's another--not a sister2 in the  
happy days gone by1      ,you'd have    
known her by the merriment that sparkled
 in her eye2      ,too innocent for     
coquetry1--too fond for idle scorning1--

      ,oh6 friend1 ,i fear the lightest 
heart makes sometimes heaviest          
mourning2      ,tell her the last night 
of my life 7for ere the moon be risen   
,my body will be out of pain--my soul be
 out of prison71      ,i dreamed ,i     
stood with her1 and saw the yellow      
sunlight shine      ,on the vine-clad   
hills of ,bingen--fair ,bingen on the   
,rhine6       ,i saw the blue ,rhine    
sweep along ,i heard1 or seemed to hear1
      ,the ,german songs we used to     
sing1 in chorus sweet and clear2        
,and down the pleasant river1 and up the
 slanting hill1      ,the echoing chorus
 sounded through the evening calm and   
still2      ,and her glad blue eyes were
 on me as we passed with friendly talk1 
,down many a path beloved of yore1 and  
well-remembered walk      ,and her      
little hand lay lightly6 confidingly in 
mine3      ,but we'll meet no more at   
,bingen--loved ,bingen on the ,rhine6   
,his voice grew faint and hoarser1--his 
grasp was childish weak1--      ,his    

eyes put on a dying look--he sighed and 
ceased to speak3      ,his comrade bent 
to lift him1 but the spark of life had  
fled1--      ,the soldier of the        
,legion1 in a foreign land--was dead6   
,and the soft moon rose up slowly1 and  
calmly she looked down      ,on the red 
sand of the battle-field1 with bloody   
corpses strewn2      ,yea1 calmly on    
that dreadful scene her pale light      
seemed to shine1      ,as it shone on   
distant ,bingen--fair ,bingen on the    
,rhine6                                 
,mrs ,norton4                           
,,cxcii4                    ,,give ,,me 
,,three ,,grains ,,of ,,corn1 ,,mother4 
,give me three grains of corn1 mother1  
,only three grains of corn2             
,it will keep the little life ,i have1  
,till the coming of the morn4           
,i am dying of hunger and cold1 mother1 
,dying of hunger and cold1              
,and half the agony of such a death     
,my lips have never told4               
,it has gnawed like a wolf at my heart1 

mother1                    ,a wolf that 
is fierce for blood1--                  
,all the livelong day1 and the night    
beside1                    ,gnawing for 
lack of food4                    ,i     
dreamed of bread in my sleep1 mother1   
,and the sight was heaven to see1--     
,i awoke with an eager1 famishing lip1  
,but you had no bread for me4           
,how could ,i look to you1 mother1      
,how could ,i look to you1              
,for bread to give to your starving boy1
                    ,when you were      
starving too8                    ,for ,i
 read the famine in your cheek1         
,and in your eye so wild1               
,and ,i felt it in your bony hand1      
,as you laid it on your child4          
,the queen has lands and gold1 mother1  
,the queen has lands and gold1          
,while you are forced to your empty     
breast                    ,a skeleton   
babe to hold1--                    ,a   
babe that is dying of want1 mother1     
,as ,i am dying now1                    

,with a ghastly look in its sunken eye1 
,and famine upon its brow4              
,what has poor ,ireland done1 mother1   
,what has poor ,ireland done1           
,that the world looks on1 and sees us   
starve1                    ,perishing1  
one by one8                    ,do the  
men of ,england care not1 mother1       
,the great men and the high1            
,for the suffering sons of ,erin's isle1
                    ,whether they live  
or die8                     ,there is   
many a brave heart here1 mother1        
,dying of want and cold1                
,while only across the channel1 mother1 
,are many that roll in gold2            
,there are rich and proud men there1    
mother1                    ,with        
wondrous wealth to view1                
,and the bread they fling to their dogs 
to-night1                    ,would give
 life to me and you4                    
,come nearer to my side1 mother1        
,come nearer to my side1                
,and hold me fondly1 as you held        

,my father when he died2                
,quick1 for ,i cannot see you1 mother2  
,my breath is almost gone2              
,mother6 dear mother6 ere6 die1         
,give me three grains of corn4          
,miss ,edwards4                         
,,cxciii4                               
,,tell',s ,,apostrophe ,,to ,,liberty4  
,once more ,i breathe the mountain air2 
once more                ,i tread my own
 free hills6 ,my lofty soul             
,throws all its fetters off2 in its     
proud flight1                ',t is like
 the new-fledged eaglet1 whose strong   
wing                ,soars to the sun it
 long has gazed upon--                  
,with eye undazzled4 ,o6 ye mighty race 
,that stand like frowning giants1 fixed 
to guard                ,my own proud   
land2 why did ye not hurl down          
,the thundering avalanche1 when at your 
feet                ,the base usurper   
stood8 ,a touch1 a breath1              
,nay1 even the breath of prayer1 ere    
now1 has brought                        

,destruction on the hunter's head2 and  
yet                ,the tyrant passed in
 safety4 ,god of heaven6                
,where slept thy thunderbolts8          
,o ,,liberty6                ,thou      
choicest gift of ,heaven1 and wanting   
which                ,life is as        
nothing2 hast thou then forgot          
,thy native home8 ,must the feet of     
slaves                ,pollute this     
glorious scene8 ,it cannot be4          
,even as the smile of ,heaven can pierce
 the depths                ,of these    
dark caves1 and bid the wild flowers    
bloom                ,in spots where man
 has never dared to tread2              
,so thy sweet influence still is seen   
amid                ,these beetling     
cliffs4 ,some hearts still beat for     
thee1                ,and bow alone to  
,heaven2 thy spirit lives1              
,ay1--and shall live1 when even the very
 name                ,of tyrant is      
forgot4                                 
,lo6 while ,i gaze                ,upon 

the mist that wreathes yon mountain's   
brow1                ,the sunbeam       
touches it1 and it becomes              
,a crown of glory on his hoary head2    
,o6 is not this a presage of the dawn   
,of freedom o'er the world8 ,hear me1   
then1 bright                ,and beaming
 ,heaven6 while kneeling thus1 ,i vow   
,to live for ,freedom1 or with her to   
die6                 ,o6 with what pride
 ,i used                ,to walk these  
hills1 and look up to my ,god           
,and bless ,him that it was so4 ,it was 
free1--                ,from end to end1
 from cliff to lake 't was free1--      
,free as our torrents are1 that leap our
 rocks1                ,and plow our    
valleys1 without asking leave2          
,or as our peaks1 that wear their caps  
of snow1                ,in very        
presence of the regal sun6              
,how happy was ,i in it then6 ,i loved  
,its very storms6 ,yes1 ,i have sat and 
eyed                ,the thunder        
breaking from ,his cloud1 and smiled    

,to see ,him shake ,his lightnings o'er 
my head1                ,and think6 had 
no master save ,his own6                
,ye know the jutting cliff2 round which 
a track                ,up hither winds1
 whose base is but the brow             
,to such another one1 with scanty room  
,for two abreast to pass8 ,overtaken    
there                ,by the mountain   
blast1 ,i've laid me flat along1        
,and while gust followed gust more      
furiously1                ,as if to     
sweep me o'er the horrid brink1         
,and ,i have thought of other lands1    
whose storms                ,are summer 
flaws to those of mine1 and just        
,have wished me there1--the thought that
 mine was free1                ,has     
checked that wish1 and ,i have raised my
 head1                ,and cried in     
thraldom to that furious wind1          
,blow on6 ,this is ,,the ,,land of      
,,liberty6                              
,j4 ,s4 ,knowles4                       
,,cxciv4                       ,,william

 ,,tell ,,among ,,the ,,mountains4      
,ye crags and peaks3 ,i'm with you once 
again6                    ,i hold to you
 the hands ye first beheld1             
,to show they still are free4 ,methinks 
,i hear                    ,a spirit in 
your echoes answer me1                  
,and bid your tenant welcome to his home
                    ,again6--,o sacred  
forms1 how proud you look6              
,how high you lift your heads into the  
sky6                    ,how huge you   
are6 how mighty1 and how free6          
,ye are the things that tower1 that     
shine1--whose smile                     
,makes glad1 whose frown is terrible1   
whose forms1                    ,robed  
or unrobed1 do all the impress wear     
,of awe divine4 ,ye guards of liberty1  
,i'm with you once again6--,i call to   
you                    ,with all my     
voice6--,i hold my hands to you1        
,to show they still are free4 ,i rush to
 you                    ,as though ,i   
could embrace you6                      

--,scaling yonder peak1                 
,i saw an eagle wheeling near its brow  
,o'er the abyss2--his broad-expanded    
wings                    ,lay calm and  
motionless upon the air1                
,as if he floated there without their   
aid1                    ,by the sole act
 of his unlorded will1                  
,that buoyed him proudly up4            
,instinctively                    ,i    
bent my brow2 yet kept he rounding still
                    ,his airy circle1 as
 in the delight                    ,of  
measuring the ample range beneath       
,and round about2 absorbed1 he heeded   
not                    ,the death that  
threatened him4 ,i could not shoot6--   
',t was ,liberty6 ,i turned my bow      
aside1                    ,and let him  
soar away6                              
,j4 ,s4 ,knowles4                       
,,cxcv4                           ,,the 
,,baron',s ,,last ,,banquet4       ,o'er
 a low couch the setting sun had thrown 
its latest ray1      ,where1 in his     

last1 strong agony1 a dying warrior     
lay1--      ,the stern old ,baron       
,rudiger1 whose frame had ne'er been    
bent      ,by wasting pain1 till time   
and toil its iron strength had spent4   
,they come around me here1 and say my   
days of life are o'er1      ,that ,i    
shall mount my noble steed and lead my  
band no more2      ,they come1 and1 to  
my beard1 they dare to tell me now that 
,i1      ,their own liege lord and      
master born1 that ,i--ha6 ha6 must die4 
,and what is death8 ,i've dared him oft1
 before the ,paynim spear2      ,think  
ye he's entered at my gate--has come to 
seek me here8      ,i've met him1 faced 
him1 scorned him1 when the fight was    
raging hot2--      ,i'll try his might1 
,i'll brave his power6--defy--and fear  
him not6       ,ho6 sound the tocsin    
from my tower1 and fire the culverin2   
,bid each retainer arm with speed2 call 
every vassal in4      ,up with my banner
 on the wall1--the banquet board        
prepare1--      ,throw wide the portal  

of my hall1 and bring my armor there6   
,an hundred hands were busy then2 the   
banquet forth was spread1      ,and rung
 the heavy oaken floor with many a      
martial tread2      ,while from the     
rich1 dark tracery1 along the vaulted   
wall1      ,lights gleamed on harness1  
plume and spear1 o'er the proud old     
,gothic                                 
hall4       ,fast hurrying through the  
outer gate1 the mailed retainers poured1
      ,on through the portal's frowning 
arch1 and thronged around the board2    
,while at its head1 within his dark1    
carved1 oaken chair of state1           
,armed cap--pie1 stern ,rudiger1 with   
gilded falchion1 sat4       ,fill every 
beaker up1 my men6 pour forth the       
cheering wine6      ,there 's life and  
strength in every drop1--thanksgiving to
 the vine6      ,are ye all there1 my   
vassals true8--mine eyes are waxing dim3
      ,fill round1 my tried and fearless
 ones1 each goblet to the brim6         
,ye're there1 but yet ,i see you        

not6--forth draw each trusty sword1     
,and let me hear your faithful steel    
clash once around my board6      ,i hear
 it faintly6--louder yet6 ,what clogs my
 heavy breath8      ,up1 all6--and shout
 for ,rudiger1 ',defiance unto death6'  
,bowl rang to bowl1 steel clanged to    
steel1 and rose a1 deafening cry1       
,that made the torches flare around1 and
 shook the flags on high3      ,ho6     
cravens6 ,do ye fear him8 ,slaves6      
traitors6 have ye flown8      ,ho6      
cowards1 have ye left me to meet him    
here alone8       ,but ,i defy him6--let
 him come6 ,down rang the massy cup1    
,while from its sheath the ready blade  
came flashing half-way up2      ,and    
with the black and heavy plumes scarce  
trembling on his head1      ,there in   
his dark1 carved1 oaken chair1 old      
,rudiger sat--dead6                     
,a4 ,g4 ,greene4                        
,,cxcvi4                                
,,the ,,water ,,drinker4                
,o1 water for me6 ,bright water for me1 

,and wine for the tremulous debauchee4  
,water cooleth the brow1 and cooleth the
 brain1                    ,and maketh  
the faint one strong again2             
,it comes o'er the sense like a breeze  
from the sea1                    ,all   
freshness1 like infant purity2          
,o1 water1 bright water1 for me1 for me6
                    ,give wine1 give    
wine1 to the debauchee6                 
,fill to the brim6 fill1 fill to the    
brim2                    ,let the       
flowing crystal kiss the rim6           
,for my hand is steady1 my eye is true1 
,for ,i1 like the flowers1 drink nothing
 but dew4                    ,o1 water1 
bright water's a mine of wealth1        
,and the ores which it yieldeth are     
vigor and health4                    ,so
 water1 pure water1 for one1 for me6    
,and wine for the tremulous debauchee4  
,fill again to the brim1 again to the   
brim6                    ,for water     
strengtheneth life and limb6            
,to the days of the aged it addeth      

length1                    ,to the might
 of the strong it addeth strength2      
,it freshens the heart1 it brightens the
 sight1                    ',t is like  
quaffing a goblet of morning light6     
,so1 water1 ,i will drink nothing but   
thee1                    ,thou parent of
 health and energy6                     
,when over the hills1 like a gladsome   
bride1                    ,morning walks
 forth in her beauty's pride1           
,and1 leading a band of laughing hours1 
,brushes the dew from the nodding       
flowers1                    ,o6 cheerily
 then my voice is heard                 
,mingling with that of the soaring bird1
                    ,who flingeth abroad
 his matin loud                    ,as  
he freshens his wing in the cold1 gray  
cloud4                     ,but when    
evening has quitted her sheltering yew1 
,drowsily flying1 and weaving anew      
,her dusky meshes o'er land and sea1    
,how gently1 ,o sleep1 fall thy poppies 
on me6                    ,for ,i drink 

water1 pure1 cold1 and bright1          
,and my dreams are of heaven the        
livelong night4                    ,so  
hurrah for thee1 water6 hurrah6 hurrah6 
,thou art silver and gold1 thou art     
ribbon and star1                        
,hurrah for bright water6 hurrah6       
hurrah6                                 
,e4 ,johnson4                           
,,cxcvii4                               
,,chamouni4                ,hast thou a 
charm to stay the morning star          
,in his steep course8 ,so long he seems 
to pause               ,on thy bald1    
awful head1 ,o sovereign ,blanc6        
,the ,arve and ,arveiron at thy base    
,rave ceaselessly2 but thou1 most awful 
form6               ,riseth from forth  
thy silent sea of pines1                
,how silently6 ,around thee and above1  
,deep is the air and dark1 substantial1 
black1               ,an ebon mass3     
methinks thou piercest it1              
,as will a wedge4 ,but1 when ,i look    
again1               ,it is thine own   

calm home thy crystal shrine1           
,thy habitation from eternity6          
,o dread and silent mount6 ,i gazed upon
 thee1               ,till thou1 still  
present to the bodily sense1            
,didst vanish from my thought2 entranced
 in prayer1               ,i worshiped  
the ,invisible alone4                   
,yet1 like some sweet1 beguiling        
melody1--               ,so sweet we    
know not we are listening to it1--      
,thou1 the meanwhile1 wast blending with
 my thought1               ,yea1 with my
 life1 and life's own secret joy2       
,till the dilating soul1 enrapt1        
transfused1               ,into the     
mighty vision passing--there1           
,as in her natural form1 swelled vast to
 ,heaven4                ,awake1 my     
soul6 ,not only passive praise          
,thou owest6 not alone these swelling   
tears1               ,mute thanks1 and  
silent ecstasy6 ,awake1                 
,voice of sweet song6 ,awake1 my heart1 
awake6               ,green vales and   

icy cliffs6 all join my hymn4           
,thou1 first and chief1 sole sovereign  
of the vale6               ,o1          
struggling with the darkness of the     
night1               ,and visited all   
night by troops of stars1               
,or when they climb the sky1 or when    
they sink1--               ,companion of
 the morning star at dawn1              
,thyself earth's rosy star1 and of the  
dawn               ,co-herald--wake6 ,o 
wake6 and utter praise6                 
,who sank thy sunless pillars deep in   
earth8               ,who filled thy    
countenance with rosy light8            
,who made thee parent of perpetual      
streams8                ,and you ye five
 wild torrents1 fiercely glad6          
,who called you forth from night and    
utter death1               ,from dark   
and icy caverns called you forth1       
,down those precipitous1 black1 jaggd   
rocks1               ,forever shattered1
 and the same forever8                  
,who gave you your invulnerable life1   

,your strength1 your speed1 your fury1  
and your joy               ,unceasing   
thunder1 and eternal foam8              
,and who commanded1--and the silence    
came1--               ,here let the     
billows stiffen1 and have rest8         
,ye ice-falls6 ye1 that from the        
mountain's brow1               ,adown   
enormous ravines slope amain1--         
,torrents1 methinks1 that heard a mighty
 voice1               ,and stopped at   
once amid their maddest plunge6         
,motionless torrents6 silent cataracts6 
,who made you glorious as the gates of  
heaven               ,beneath the keen  
full moon8 ,who bade the sun            
,clothe you with rainbows8 ,who1 with   
living flowers               ,of        
loveliest blue1 spread garlands at your 
feet8               ,god6 let the       
torrents1 like a shout of nations1      
,answer3 and let the ice-plains echo1   
,god6               ,god6 sing1 ye      
meadow-streams1 with gladsome voice6    
,ye pine groves1 with your soft and     

soul-like sounds6               ,and    
they1 too1 have a voice1 yon piles of   
snow1               ,and1 in their      
perilous fall1 shall thunder1 ,god6     
,ye living flowers that skirt the       
eternal frost6               ,ye wild   
goats sporting round the eagle's nest6  
,ye eagles1 playmates of the            
mountain-storm6               ,ye       
lightnings1 the dread arrows of the     
clouds6               ,ye signs and     
wonders of the elements6                
,utter forth ,god6 and fill the hills   
with praise6                ,once more1 
hoar mount6 with thy sky-pointing peaks1
               ,oft from whose feet the 
avalanche1 unheard1                     
,shoots downward1 glittering through the
 pure serene               ,into the    
depths of clouds1 that veil thy breast--
               ,thou too1 again1        
stupendous mountain6 thou               
,that as ,i raise my head1 awhile bowed 
low               ,in adoration1 upward 
from thy base               ,slow       

travelling with dim eyes suffused with  
tears1--               ,solemnly        
seemest1 like a vapory cloud1           
,to rise before me--,rise1 ,o1 ever     
rise6               ,rise1 like a cloud 
of incense1 from the earth6             
,thou kingly spirit1 throned among the  
hills6               ,thou dread        
ambassador from earth to heaven1        
,great ,hierarch1 tell thou the silent  
sky1               ,and tell the stars1 
and tell yon rising sun1                
,earth1 with her thousand voices1       
praises god4                            
,s4 ,t4 ,coleridge4                     
,,cxcviiii4              ,,how ,,they   
,,brought ,,the ,,good ,,news ,,from    
,,ghent ,t#j ,,aix4           ,i sprang 
to the stirrup1 and ,joris1 and he2     
,i galloped1 ,dirck galloped1 we        
galloped all three2          ,good      
speed6 cried the watch1 as the          
gate-bolts undrew2          ,speed6     
echoed the wall to us galloping through2
          ,behind shut the postern1 the 

lights sank to rest1          ,and into 
the midnight we galloped abreast4       
,not a word to each other2 we kept the  
great pace          ,neck by neck1      
stride for stride1 never changing our   
place2          ,i turned in my saddle  
and made its girths tight1              
,then shortened each stirrup1 and set   
the pique right1          ,rebuckled the
 cheek-strap1 chained slacker the bit1--
          ,nor galloped less steadily   
,roland1 a whit4           ',t was      
moonset at starting2 but1 while we drew 
near          ,lokeren1 the cocks crew  
and twilight dawned clear2          ,at 
,boom1 a great yellow star came out to  
see2          ,at ,dffeld1 't was       
morning as plain as could be2           
,and from ,mechlin church-steeple we    
heard the half-chime1          ,so      
,joris broke silence with ,yet there is 
time6           ,at ,aerschot1 up leaped
 of a sudden the sun1          ,and     
against him the cattle stood black every
 one1          ,to stare through the    

mist at us galloping past1          ,and
 ,i saw my stout galloper1 ,roland1 at  
last1          ,with resolute shoulders1
 each butting away          ,the haze1  
as some bluff river headland its sprays 
,and his low head and crest1 just one   
sharp ear bent back          ,for my    
voice1 and the other pricked out on his 
track2          ,and one eye's black    
intelligence1--ever that glance         
,o'er its white edge at me1 his own     
master1 askance6          ,and the thick
 heavy spume-flakes which aye and anon  
,his fierce lips shook upward in        
galloping on4           ,by ,hasselt1   
,dirck groaned2 and cried ,joris1 ,stay 
spur6          ,your ,roos galloped     
bravely1 the fault 's not in her1       
,we'll remember at ,aix--for one heard  
the quick wheeze          ,of her chest1
 saw the stretched neck and staggering  
knees1          ,and sunk tail1 and     
horrible heave of the flank1            
,as down on her haunches she shuddered  
and sank4           ,so we were left    

galloping1 ,joris and ,i1          ,past
 ,loos and past ,tongrs1 no cloud in the
 sky2          ,the broad sun above     
laughed a pitiless laugh1               
',neath our feet broke the brittle      
bright stubble like chaff2              
,till over by ,dalhem a dome-spire      
sprang white1          ,and gallop1     
gasped ,joris1 for ,aix is in sight6    
,how they 'll greet us6--and all in a   
moment his roan          ,rolled neck   
and croup over1 lay dead as a stone2    
,and there was my ,roland to bear the   
whole weight          ,of the news which
 alone could save ,aix from her fate1   
,with his nostrils like pits full of    
blood to the brim1          ,and with   
circles of red for his eye-sockets' rim4
           ,then ,i cast loose my       
buff-coat1 each holster let fall1       
,shook off both my jack-boots1 let go   
belt and all1          ,stood up in the 
stirrup1 leaned1 patted his ear1        
,called my ,roland his pet-name1 my     
horse without peer1          ,clapped my

 hands1 laughed and sang1 any noise1 bad
 or good1          ,till at length into 
,aix ,roland galloped and stood4        
,and all ,i remember is friends flocking
 round          ,as ,i sate with his    
head 'twixt my knees on the ground1     
,and no voice but was praising this     
,roland of mine1          ,as ,i poured 
down his throat our last measure of     
wine1          ,which1 7the burgesses   
voted by common consent17          ,was 
no more than his due who brought good   
news from ,ghent4                       
,r4 ,browning4                          
,,cxcix4                                
,,the ,,sword4                 ',t was  
on the battle-field2 and the cold pale  
moon                ,looked down on the 
dead and dying2                ,and the 
wind passed o'er with a dirge and a     
wail1                ,where the young   
and brave were lying4                   
,with his father's sword in his red     
right hand1                ,and the     
hostile dead around him1                

,lay a youthful chief2 but his bed was  
the ground1                ,and the     
grave's icy sleep had bound him4        
,a reckless rover1 'mid death and doom1 
,passed a soldier1 his plunder seeking2 
,careless he stepped where friend and   
foe                ,lay alike in their  
life-blood reeking4                     
,drawn by the shine of the warrior's    
sword1                ,the soldier      
paused beside it2                ,he    
wrenched the hand with a giant's        
strength1                ,but the grasp 
of the dead defied it4                  
,he loosed his hold1 and his noble heart
                ,took part with the dead
 before him2                ,and he     
honored the brave who died sword in     
hand1                ,as with softened  
brow he leaned o'er him4                
,a soldier's death thou hast boldly     
died1                ,a soldier's grave 
won by it3                ,before ,i    
would take that sword from thine hand1  
,my own life's blood should dye it4     

,thou shalt not be left for the carrion 
crow1                ,or the wolf to    
batten o'er thee2                ,or the
 coward insult the gallant dead1        
,who in life had trembled before thee4  
,then dug he a grave in the crimson     
earth1                ,where his warrior
 foe was sleeping2                ,and  
he laid him there1 in honor and rest1   
,with his sword in his own brave        
keeping4                                
,miss ,landon4                          
,,cc4                                   
,,the ,,fireman4                        
,hoarse wintry blasts a solemn requiem  
sung                    ,to the departed
 day1                    ,upon whose    
bier                    ,the velvet pall
 of midnight lead been flung1           
,and ,nature mourned through one wide   
hemisphere                    ,silence  
and darkness held their cheerless sway1 
,save in the haunts of riotous excess2  
,and half the world in dreamy slumbers  
lay1                    ,lost in the    

maze of sweet forgetfulness4            
,when lo6 upon the startled ear1        
,there broke a sound so dread and       
drear1--                    ,as1 like a 
sudden peal of thunder1                 
,burst the bands of sleep asunder1      
,and filled a thousand throbbing hearts 
with fear4                     ,hark6   
the faithful watchman's cry             
,speaks a conflagration nigh6--         
,see6 yon glare upon the sky            
,confirms the fearful tale4             
,the deep-mouthed bells with rapid tone1
                    ,combine to make the
 tidings known2                         
,affrighted silence now has flown1      
,and sounds of terror freight the chilly
 gale6                     ,at the first
 note of this discordant din1           
,the gallant fireman from his slumber   
starts2                    ,reckless of 
toil and danger1 if he win              
,the tributary meed of grateful hearts4 
,from pavement rough1 or frozen ground1 
,his engine's rattling wheels resound1  

,and soon before his eyes               
,the lurid flames1 with horrid glare1   
,mingled with murky vapors rise1        
,in wreathy folds upon the air1         
,and veil the frowning skies6           
,sudden a shriek assails his heart1--   
,a female shriek1 so piercing wild1     
,as makes his very life-blood start3--  
,my child6 ,almighty ,god1 my child6    
,he hears1                    ,and      
'gainst the tottering wall              
,the ponderous ladder rears3            
,while blazing fragments round him fall1
                    ,and crackling      
sounds assail his ears1                 
,his sinewy arm1 with one rude crash1   
,hurls to the earth the opposing sash2  
,and1 heedless of the startling din1    
,though smoky volumes round him roll1   
,the mother's shriek has pierced his    
soul1--                    ,see6 see6 he
 plunges in6                    ,the    
admiring crowd1 with hopes and fears1   
,in breathless expectation stands1      
,when1 lo6 the daring youth appears1    

,hailed by a burst of warm1 ecstatic    
cheers1                    ,bearing the 
child triumphant in his arms4           
,anonymous4                             
,,cci4                                  
,,speak ,,gently4                       
,speak gently3 it is better far         
,to rule by love than fear4             
,speak gently3 let no harsh words mar   
,the good we might do here4             
,speak gently2 love doth whisper low    
,the vows that true hearts bind2        
,and gently friendship's accents flow1--
                         ,affection's   
voice is kind4                          
,speak gently to the little child1      
,its love be sure to gain2              
,teach it in accents soft and mild1--   
,it may not long remain4                
,speak gently to the young2 for they    
,will leave enough to bear3             
,pass through this life as best we may1 
',t is full of anxious care4            
,speak gently to the aged one1          
,grieve not the care-worn heart2        

,the sands of life are nearly run1--    
,let such in peace depart4              
,speak gently1 kindly to the poor2      
,let no harsh tone be heard2            
,they have enough they must endure1     
,without an unkind word4                
,speak gently to the erring2--know      
,they must have toiled in vain2         
,perchance unkindness made them so2--   
,o6 win them back again4                
,speak gently6 ,he who gave ,his life   
,to bend man's stubborn will1           
,when elements were fierce with strife1 
,said to them1 ,peace6 be still4        
,speak gently3 't is a little thing     
,dropped in the heart's deep well2      
,the good1 the joy which it may bring1  
,eternity shall tell4                   
,anonymous4                             
,,ccii4                                 
,,the ,,passions4                       
,when ,music1 heavenly maid1 was young1 
,while yet in early ,greece she sung1   
,the ,passions oft1 to hear her shell1  
,thronged around her magic cell         

,exulting1 trembling1 raging1 fainting1 
,possessed beyond the ,muse's painting2 
,by turns they felt the glowing mind    
,disturbed1 delighted1 raised1 refined3 
,till once1 't is said1 when all were   
fired1                    ,filled with  
fury1 rapt1 inspired1                   
,from the supporting myrtles round      
,they snatched her instruments of sound1
                     ,and1 as they oft  
had heard apart                         
,sweet lessons of her forceful art1     
,each1 for ,madness ruled the hour1     
,would prove his own expressive power4  
,first ,fear his hand1 its skill to try1
                    ,amid the chords    
bewildered laid1                    ,and
 back recoiled1 he knew not why1        
,e'en at the sound himself had made4    
,next ,anger rustled1 his eyes on fire1 
,in lightnings owned his secret stings2 
,in one rude clash he struck the lyre1  
,and swept with hurried hand the        
strings4                     ,with      
woeful measures wan ,despair--          

,low sullen sounds his grief beguiled1  
,a solemn1 strange1 and mingled air1    
',t was sad by fits1 by starts 't was   
wild4                     ,but thou1 ,o 
,hope6 with eyes so fair1               
,what was thy delighted measure8        
,still it whispered promised pleasure1  
,and bade the lovely scenes at distance 
hail6                    ,still would   
her touch the strain prolong2           
,and from the rocks1 the woods1 the     
vale1                    ,she called on 
,echo still through all the song2       
,and1 where her sweetest notes she      
chose1                    ,a soft       
responsive voice was heard at every     
close2                    ,and ,hope    
enchanted smiled1 and waved her golden  
hair2--                     ,and longer 
had she sung3--but with a frown1        
,revenge impatient rose3                
,he threw the blood-stained sword in    
thunder down2                    ,and   
with a withering look                   
,the war-denouncing trumpet took        

,and blew a blast so loud and dread1    
,were ne'er prophetic sounds so full of 
woe6                    ,and ever and   
anon he beat                    ,the    
doubling drum with furious heat2        
,and1 though sometimes1 each dreamy     
pause between1                          
,dejected ,pity1 at his side1           
,her soul-subduing voice applied1       
,yet still he kept his wild unaltered   
mien1                    ,while each    
strained ball of sight seemed bursting  
from                                    
his head4                     ,thy      
numbers1 ,jealousy1 to nought were      
fixed3                    ,sad proof of 
thy distressful state6                  
,of differing themes the veering song   
was mixed2                    ,and now  
it courted ,love1 now raving called on  
,hate4                     ,with eyes   
upraised1 as one inspired1              
,pale ,melancholy sat retired2          
,and1 from her wild1 sequestered seat1  
,in notes1 by distance made more sweet1 

,poured through the mellow horn her     
pensive soul3                    ,and1  
dashing soft from rocks around          
,bubbling runnels joined the sound2     
,through glades and glooms the mingled  
measure stole1                    ,or1  
o'er some haunted stream1 with fond     
delay1                    ,round a holy 
calm diffusing1                    ,love
 of peace1 and lonely musing1           
,in hollow murmurs died away4           
,but ,o6 how altered was its sprightlier
 tone1                    ,when         
,cheerfulness1 a nymph of healthiest    
hue1                    ,her bow across 
her shoulder flung1                     
,her buskins gemmed with morning dew1   
,blew an inspiring air1 that dale and   
thicket rung6--                    ,the 
hunter's call to ,faun and ,dryad known6
                    ,the oak-crowned    
,sisters and their chaste-eyed ,queen1  
,satyrs and ,sylvan ,boys1 were seen1   
,peeping from forth their alleys green3 
,brown ,exercise rejoiced to hear2      

,and ,sport leaped up1 and seized his   
beechen spear4                     ,last
 came ,joy's ecstatic trial3            
,he1 with viny crown advancing1         
,first to the lively pipe his hand      
addrest3                    ,but soon he
 saw the brisk1 awakening viol1         
,whose sweet1 entrancing voice he loved 
the best4                    ,they would
 have thought1 who heard the strain1    
,they saw1 in ,temp's vale1 her native  
maids1                    ,amidst the   
festal-sounding shades1                 
,to some unworried minstrel dancing2    
,while1 as his flying fingers kissed the
 strings1                    ,love      
framed with ,mirth a gay fantastic      
round3--                    ,loose were 
her tresses seen1 her zone unbound2--   
,and he1 amidst his frolic play1        
,as if he would the charming air repay1 
,shook thousand odors from his dewy     
wings4                                  
,w4 ,collins4                           
,,cciii4                                

,,new ,,england4                        
,hail to the land whereon we tread1     
,our fondest boast2                     
,the sepulchre of mighty dead1          
,the truest hearts that ever bled1      
,who sleep on glory's brightest bed1    
,a fearless host3                    ,no
 slave is here--our unchained feet      
,walk freely1 as the waves that beat    
,our coast4                     ,our    
fathers crossed the ocean's wave        
,to seek this shore2                    
,they left behind the coward slave      
,to welter in his living grave2--       
,with hearts unbent1 and spirits brave1 
,they sternly bore                      
,such toils as meaner souls had quelled2
                    ,but souls like     
these1 such toils impelled              
,to soar4                     ,hail to  
the acorn1 when first they stood4       
,on ,bunker's height1                   
,and1 fearless stemmed the invading     
flood1                    ,and wrote our
 dearest rights in blood1               

,and mowed in ranks the hireling brood1 
,in desperate fight6                    
,o6 't was a proud1 exulting day1       
,for even our fallen fortunes lay       
,in light4                     ,there is
 no other land like thee1               
,no dearer shore2                       
,thou art the shelter of the free2      
,the home1 the port of liberty          
,thou hast been1 and shalt ever be1     
,till time is o'er4                     
,ere ,i forget to think upon            
,thy land1 shall mother curse the son   
,she bore4                     ,thou art
 the firm unshaken rock1                
,on which we rest2                      
,and rising from thy hardy stock1       
,thy sons the tyrant's frown shall mock1
                    ,and slavery's      
galling chains unlock1                  
,and free the oppressed3                
,all1 who the wreath of freedom twine1  
,beneath the shadow of their vine       
,are blest4                     ,we love
 thy rude and rocky shore1              

,and here we stand--                    
,let foreign navies hasten o'er1        
,and on our heads their fury pour1      
,and peal their cannon's loudest roar1  
,and storm our land3                    
,they still shall find1 our lives are   
given                    ,to die for    
home2--and leant on ,heaven             
,our hand4                              
,j4 ,g4 ,percival4                      
,,cciv4                         ,,song  
,,for ,,saint ,,cecilia',s ,,day4       
,from ,harmony1 from heavenly ,harmony  
,this universal frame began3            
,when ,nature underneath a heap         
,of jarring atoms lay                   
,and could not heave her head1          
,the tuneful voice was heard from high1 
,arise1 ye more than dead6              
,then cold1 and hot1 and moist1 and dry1
                    ,in order to their  
stations leap1                    ,and  
,music's power obey4                    
,from harmony1 from heavenly harmony    
,this universal frame began3            

,from harmony1 to harmony1              
,through all the compass of the notes it
 ran1                    ,the diapason  
closing full in ,man4                   
,what passion cannot ,music raise and   
quell8                    ,when ,jubal  
struck the chorded shell                
,his listening brethren stood around1   
,and1 wondering1 on their faces fell    
,to worship that celestial sound4       
,less than a ,god they thought there    
could not dwell                         
,within the hollow of that shell        
,that spoke so sweetly and so well4     
,what passion cannot ,music raise and   
quell8                     ,the         
trumpet's loud clangor                  
,excites us to arms1                    
,with shrill notes of anger             
,and mortal alarms4                     
,the double double double beat          
,of the thundering drum1                
,cries1 ,hark6 the foes come2           
,charge1 charge1 't is too late to      
retreat6                     ,the soft  

complaining flute                    ,in
 dying notes discovers                  
,the woes of hopeless lovers1           
,whose dirge is whispered by the        
warbling lute4                          
,sharp violins proclaim                 
,their jealous pangs and desperation1   
,fury1 frantic indignation1             
,depth of pains1 and height of passion  
,for the fair disdainful dame4          
,but oh6 what art can teach1            
,what human voice can reach             
,the sacred ,organ's praise8            
,notes inspiring holy love1             
,notes that wing their heavenly ways    
,to mend the choirs above4              
,orpheus could lead the savage race1    
,and trees uprooted left their place1   
,sequacious of the lyre2                
,but bright ,cecilia raised the wonder  
higher2                    ,when to her 
,organ vocal breath was given1          
,an angel heard1 and straight appeared--
                    ,mistaking earth for
 heaven6                     ,as from   

the power of sacred lays                
,the spheres began to move1             
,and sung the great ,creator's praise   
,to all the blest above2                
,so when the last and dreadful hour     
,this crumbling pageant shall devour1   
,the trumpet shall be heard on highs    
,the dead shall live1 the living die1   
,and ,music shall untune the sky4       
,j4 ,dryden4                            
,,ccv4                                  
,,the ,,sailor',s ,,song4               
,the sea6 the sea6 the open sea6        
,the blue1 the fresh1 the ever free6    
,without a mark1 without a bound1       
,it runneth the earth's wide regions    
round2                    ,it plays with
 the clouds2 it mocks the skies2        
,or like a cradled creature lies4       
,i'm on the sea6 ,i'm on the sea6       
,i am where ,i would ever be2           
,with the blue above1 and the blue      
below1                    ,and silence  
wheresoever ,i go2                      
,if a storm should come and awake the   

deep1                    ,what matter8  
,i shall ride and sleep4                
,i love1 ,o how ,i love to ride         
,on the fierce1 foaming1 bursting tide1 
,when every mad wave drowns the moon1   
,or whistles aloft his tempest tune1    
,and tells how goeth the world below1   
,and why the sou'west blasts do blow4   
,i never was on the dull1 tame shore1   
,but ,i loved the great sea more and    
more1                    ,and backward  
flew to her billowy breast1             
,like a bird that seeketh its mother's  
nest2                    ,and a mother  
she was and is to me2                   
,for ,i was born on the open sea6       
,the waves were white1 and red the morn1
                    ,in the noisy hour  
when ,i was born2                       
,and the whale it whistled1 the porpoise
 rolled1                    ,and the    
dolphins bared their backs of gold2     
,and never was heard such an outcry wild
                    ,as welcomed to life
 the ocean-child6                       

,i've lived since then1 in calm and     
strife1                    ,full fifty  
summers a sailor's life1                
,with wealth to spend and a power to    
range1                    ,but never    
have sought nor sighed for change2      
,and ,death1 whenever he comes to me1   
,shall come on the wild1 unbounded sea6 
,b4 ,w4 ,proctor4                       
,,ccvi4                                 
,,napoleon4                     ,his    
falchion flashed along the ,nile2       
,his hosts he led through ,alpine snows2
                    ,o'er ,moscow's     
towers1 that blazed the while1          
,his eagle flag unrolled1--and froze4   
,here sleeps he now1 alone6 ,not one    
,of all the kings1 whose crowns he gave1
                    ,bends o'er his     
dust2--nor wife1 nor son1               
,has ever seen or sought his grave4     
,behind this sea-girt rock1 the star    
,that led him on from crown to crown1   
,has sunk2 and nations from afar        
,gazed as it faded and went down4       

,high is his couch2--the ocean flood1   
,far1 far below1 by storms is curled2   
,as round him heaved1 while high he     
stood                    ,a stormy and  
unstable world4                         
,alone he sleeps6 ,the mountain cloud   
,that night hangs round him1 and the    
breath                    ,of morning   
scatters1 is the shroud                 
,that wraps the conqueror's clay in     
death4                     ,pause here6 
,the far-off world1 at last1            
,breathes free2 the hand that shook its 
thrones1                    ,and to the 
earth its mitres cast1                  
,lies powerless now beneath these       
stones4                     ,hark6 comes
 there1 from the pyramids1              
,and from ,siberian wastes of snow1     
,and ,europe's hills1 a voice that bids 
,the world he awed to mourn him8 ,no3   
,the only1 the perpetual dirge          
,that's heard there1 is the sea-bird's  
cry1--                    ,the mournful 
murmur of the surge1--                  

,the cloud's deep voice1 the wind's low 
sigh4                                   
,j4 ,pierpont4                          
,,ccvii4                                
,,warren',s ,,address ,,at ,,bunker     
,,hill4                      ,stand6 the
 ground's your own1 my braves6          
,will ye give it up to slaves8          
,will ye look for greener graves8       
,hope ye mercy still8                   
,what's the mercy despots feel8         
,hear it in that battle peal6           
,read it on yon bristling steel6        
,ask it--ye who will4                   
,fear ye foes who kill for hire8        
,will ye to your homes retire8          
,look behind you6 they're a-fire6       
,and1 before you1 see--                 
,who have done it6--from the vale       
,on they come6--and will ye quail8--    
,leaden rain and iron hail              
,let their welcome be6                  
,in the ,god of battles trust6          
,die we may1 and die we must2--         
,but1 ,o6 where can dust to dust        

,be consigned so well1                  
,as where heaven its dews shall shed    
,on martyred patriot's bed1             
,and the rocks shall raise their head1  
,of his deeds to tell6                  
,j4 ,pierpont4                          
,,ccviii4                               
,,thanatopsis4                     ,to  
him who1 in the love of ,nature1 holds  
,communion with her visible forms1 she  
speaks                    ,a various    
language4 ,for his gayer hours          
,she has a voice of gladness1 and a     
smile                    ,and eloquence 
of beauty2 and she glides               
,into his darker musings1 with a mild   
,and gentle sympathy1 that steals away  
,their sharpness ere he is aware4 ,when 
thoughts                    ,of the last
 bitter hour come like a blight         
,over thy spirit1 and sad images        
,of the stern agony1 and shroud1 and    
pall1                    ,and breathless
 darkness1 and the narrow house1        
,make thee to shudder1 and grow sick at 

heart1--                    ,go forth   
under the open sky1 and list            
,to ,nature's teachings1 while from all 
around--                    ,earth and  
her waters1 and the depths of air--     
,comes a still voice3--,yet a few days1 
and thee                    ,the        
all-beholding sun shall see no more     
,in all his course2 nor yet if the cold 
ground1                    ,where thy   
pale form was laid1 with many tears1    
,nor in the embrace of ocean1 shall     
exist                    ,thy image4    
,earth1 that nourished thee1 shall claim
                    ,thy growth1 to be  
resolved to earth again2                
,and1 lost each human trace1            
surrendering up                         
,thine individual being1 shalt thou go  
,to mix forever with the elements1      
,to be a brother to the insensible rock1
                    ,and to the sluggish
 clod which the rude swain              
,turns with his share1 and treads upon4 
,the oak                    ,shall send 

his roots abroad1 and pierce thy mould4 
,yet not to thine eternal resting-place 
,shalt thou retire alone--nor couldst   
thou wish                    ,couch more
 magnificent4 ,thou shalt lie down      
,with patriarchs of the infant          
world1--with kings1                     
,the powerful of the earth1--the wise1  
the good1                    ,fair      
forms1 and hoary seers of ages past1    
,all in one mighty sepulchre4--,the     
hills                    ,rock-ribbed   
and ancient as the sun2 the vales       
,stretching in pensive quietness        
between2                    ,the        
venerable woods2 rivers that move       
,in majesty1 and the complaining brooks 
,that make the meadows green2 and1      
poured round all1                       
,old ocean's gray and melancholy        
waste1--                    ,are but the
 solemn decorations all                 
,of the great tomb of man4 ,the golden  
sun1                    ,the planets1   
all the infinite host of heaven1        

,are dining on the sad abodes of death1 
,through the still lapse of ages4 ,all  
that tread                    ,the globe
 are but a handful to the tribes        
,that slumber in its bosom4 ,take the   
wings                    ,of morning1   
and traverse ,barca's desert sands2     
,or lose thyself in the continuous woods
                    ,where rolls the    
,oregon1 and hears no sound             
,save his own dashings1--yet--the dead  
are there1                    ,and      
millions in those solitudes1 since first
                    ,the flight of years
 began1 have laid them down             
,in their last sleep2--the dead reign   
there alone4--                    ,so   
shalt thou rest--and what if thou       
withdraw                    ,in silence 
from the living1 and no friend          
,take note of thy departure8 ,all that  
breathe                    ,will share  
thy destiny4 ,the gay will laugh        
,when thou art gone1 the solemn brood of
 care                    ,plod on1 and  

each one1 as before1 will chase         
,his favorite phantom2 yet all these    
shall leave                    ,their   
mirth and their employments1 and shall  
come                    ,and make their 
bed with thee4 ,as the long train       
,of ages glides away1 the sons of men   
,the youth in life's green spring1 and  
he who goes                    ,in the  
full strength of years1 matron and maid1
                    ,and the sweet babe1
 and the gray-headed man--              
,shall1 one by one1 be gathered to thy  
side1                    ,by those who  
in their turn shall follow them4        
,so live that when thy summons comes to 
join                    ,the innumerable
 caravan1 which moves                   
,to that mysterious realm1 where each   
shall take                    ,his      
chamber in the silent halls of death1   
,thou go not1 like the quarry-slave at  
night                    ,scourged to   
his dungeon2 but1 sustained and soothed 
,by an unfaltering trust1 approach thy  

grave1                    ,like one who 
wraps the drapery of his couch          
,about him1 and lies down to pleasant   
dreams4                                 
,w4 ,c4 ,bryant4                        
,,ccix4                                 
,,the ,,african ,,chief4                
,chained in the market-place he stood1  
,a man of giant frame1                  
,amid the gathering multitude           
,that shrunk to hear his name1--        
,all stern of look and strong of limb1  
,his dark eye on the ground2            
,and silently they gazed on him1        
,as on a lion bound4                    
,vainly1 but well1 that chief had       
fought--                    ,he was a   
captive now2                    ,yet    
pride1 that fortune humbles not1        
,was written on his brow3               
,the scars his dark broad bosom wore    
,showed warrior true and brave3         
,a prince among his tribe before1       
,he could not be a slave4               
,then to his conqueror he spake--       

,my brother is a king3                  
,undo this necklace from my neck1       
,and take this bracelet ring1           
,and send me where my brother reigns1   
,and ,i will fill thy hands             
,with store of ivory from the plains1   
,and gold dust from the sands4          
--,not for thy ivory nor thy gold       
,will ,i unbind thy chain2              
,that bloody hand shall never hold      
,the battle-spear again4                
,a price thy nation never gave          
,shall yet be paid for thee2            
,for thou shalt be the ,christian's     
slave1                    ,in land      
beyond the sea4                         
,then wept the warrior chief1 and bade  
,to shred his locks away1               
,and1 one by one1 each heavy braid      
,before the victor lay4                 
,thick were the platted locks1 and long1
                    ,and deftly hidden  
there                    ,shone many a  
wedge of gold among                     
,the dark and crispd hair4              

,look1 feast thy greedy eye with gold1  
,long kept for sorest need3             
,take it--thou askest sums untold--     
,and say that ,i am freed4              
,take it--my wife1 the long1 long day1  
,weeps by the cocoa-tree1               
,and my young children leave their play1
                    ,and ask in vain for
 me4                    --,i take thy   
gold1--but ,i have made                 
,thy fetters fast and strong1           
,and ween that by the cocoa shade       
,thy wife shall wait thee long4         
,strong was the agony that shook        
,the captive's frame to hear1           
,and the proud meaning of his look      
,was changed to mortal fear4            
,his heart was broken1--crazed his      
brain--                    ,at once his 
eye grew wild3                    ,he   
struggled fiercely with his chain1      
,whispered1--and wept1--and smiled2     
,yet wore not long those fatal bands1   
,and once1 at shut of day1              
,they drew him forth upon the sands1--  

,the foul hyena's prey4                 
,w4 ,c4 ,bryant4                        
,,ccx4                                  
,,the ,,battle-,,field4                 
,once this soft turf1 this rivulet's    
sands1                    ,were trampled
 by a hurrying crowd1                   
,and fiery hearts and armed hands       
,encounter'd in the battle-cloud4       
,ah6 never shall the land forget        
,how gush'd the life-blood of her       
brave1--                    ,gush'd1    
warm with hope and courage yet1         
,upon the soil they fought to save4     
,now all is calm1 and fresh1 and still2 
,alone the chirp of flitting birds      
,and talk of children on the hill1      
,and bell of wandering kine1 are heard4 
,no solemn host goes trailing by        
,the black-mouth'd gun and staggering   
wain2                    ,men start not 
at the battle-cry3                      
,oh1 be it never heard again6           
,soon rested those who fought2 but thou 
,who minglest in the harder strife      

,for truths which men receive not now1  
,thy warfare only ends with life4       
,a friendless warfare6 lingering long   
,through weary day and weary year2      
,a wild and many-weapon'd throng        
,hang on thy front1 and flank1 and rear4
                     ,yet nerve thy     
spirit to the proof1                    
,and blench not at thy chosen lot2      
,the timid good may stand aloof1        
,the sage may frown--yet faint thou not1
                     ,nor heed the shaft
 too surely cast1                       
,the foul and hissing bolt of scorn2    
,for with thy side shall dwell1 at last1
                    ,the victory of     
endurance born4                         
,truth1 crushed to earth1 shall rise    
again2                    ,the eternal  
years of ,god are hers2                 
,but ,error1 wounded1 writhes in pain1  
,and dies among his worshippers4        
,yea1 though thou lie upon the dust1    
,when they who help'd thee flee in fear1
                    ,die full of hope   

and manly trust                    ,like
 those who fell in battle here4         
,another hand thy sword shall wield1    
,another hand the standard wave1        
,till from the trumpet's mouth is peal'd
                    ,the blast of       
triumph o'er thy grave4                 
,w4 ,c4 ,bryant4                        
,,ccxi4                                 
,,hallowed ,,ground4                    
,what's hallowed ground6 ,has earth a   
clod                    ,its ,maker     
meant not should be trod                
,by man1 the image of his ,god1         
,erect and free1                        
,unscourged by ,superstition's rod      
,to bow the knee8                       
,that's hallowed ground--where mourned  
and missed1                    ,the lips
 repose our love has kissed2--          
,but where's their memory's mansion8 ,is
 't                    ,yon churchyard's
 bowers8                    ,no2 in     
ourselves their souls exist1            
,a part of ours4                        

,what hallows ground where heroes sleep8
                    ',t is not the      
sculptured piles you heap6              
,in dews that heavens far distant weep1 
,their turf may bloom2                  
,or genii twine beneath the deep        
,their coral tomb4                      
,but strew his ashes to the wind        
,whose sword or voice has served        
mankind--,and                    is he  
dead1 whose glorious mind               
,lifts thine on high8                   
,to live in hearts we leave behind      
,is not to die4                     ,is 
't death to fall for freedom's right8   
,he's dead alone that lacks her light6  
,and murder sullies in ,heaven's sight  
,the sword he draws3--                  
,what can alone ennoble fight8          
,a noble cause6                         
,give that6 and welcome war to brace    
,her drums6 and rend heaven's reeking   
space6                    ,the colors   
painted face to face1                   
,the charging cheer1                    

,though ,death's pale horse led on the  
chase1                    ,shall still  
be dear6                     ,and place 
our trophies where men kneel            
,to ,heaven6--but ,heaven rebukes my    
zeal6                    ,the cause of  
truth and human weal1                   
,o ,god above6                          
,transfer it from the sword's appeal    
,to peace and love6                     
,peace1 love6 the cherubim1 that join   
,their spread wings o'er devotion's     
shrine2--                    ,prayers   
sound in vain1 and temples shine        
,where they are not2--                  
,the heart alone can make divine        
,religion's spot4                       
,to incantations dost thou trust1       
,and pompous rites in domes august8     
,see mouldering stones and metals' rust 
,belie the vaunt1                       
,that man can bless one pile of dust    
,with chime or chant4                   
,fair stars6 are not your beings pure8  
,can sin1 can death your worlds obscure8

                    ,else why so swell  
the thoughts at your                    
,aspect above8                    ,ye   
must be ,heaven's that make us sure     
,of heavenly love6                      
,and in your harmony sublime            
,i read the doom of distant time2       
,that man's regenerate soul from crime  
,shall yet be drawn1                    
,and reason on his mortal clime         
,immortal dawn4                         
,what's hallowed ground8 ',t is what    
gives birth                    ,to      
sacred thoughts in souls of worth6--    
,peace6 independence6 truth6 go forth   
,earth's compassed round2               
,and your high-priesthood shall make    
earth                    ,all hallowed  
ground4                                 
,t4 ,campbell4                          
,,ccxii4                                
,,the ,,exile ,,of ,,erin4              
,there came to the beach a poor exile of
 ,erin1--               ,the dew on his 
thin robe was heavy and chill2          

,for his country he sighed1 when1 at    
twilight1 repairing               ,to   
wander alone by the wind-beaten hill3   
,but the day-star attracted his eye's   
sad devotion2               ,for it rose
 o'er his own native isle of the ocean1 
,where once1 in the fervor of youth's   
warm emotion1               ,he sung the
 bold anthem of ,erin go bragh6         
,sad is my fate6 said the heart-broken  
stranger--               ,the wild deer 
and wolf to the covert can flee2        
,but ,i have no refuge from famine and  
danger3               ,a home and a     
country remain not to me6               
,never again in the green sunny bowers1 
,where my forefathers lived1 shall ,i   
spend the sweet hours1               ,or
 cover my harp with wild woven flowers1 
,and strike to the numbers of ',erin go 
bragh6'                ,erin6 my        
country6 though sad and forsaken        
,in dreams ,i revisit thy sea-beaten    
shore6               ,but1 alas6 in a   
far1 foreign land ,i awaken1            

,and sigh for the friends who can meet  
me no more6               ,o cruel fate1
 wilt thou never replace me             
,in a mansion of peace1 where no perils 
can chase me8               ,never again
 shall my brothers embrace me6          
,they died to defend me6--or live to    
deplore6                ,where is my    
cabin-door1 fast by the wild wood8      
,sisters and sire1 did ye weep for its  
fall8               ,where is the mother
 that looked on my childhood8           
,and where is the bosom-friend1 dearer  
than all8               ,ah6 my sad     
soul1 long abandoned by pleasure6       
,why did it dote on a fast-fading       
treasure8               ,tears1 like the
 rain-drops1 may fall without measure1  
,but rapture and beauty they cannot     
recall6                ,yet all its sad 
recollections suppressing1              
,one dying wish my lone bosom can       
draw2--               ,erin6 an exile   
bequeaths thee his blessing6            
,land of my forefathers6 ,erin go bragh6

               ,buried and cold1 when my
 heart stills her motion1               
,green be thy fields1 sweetest isle of  
the ocean6               ,and thy       
harp-striking bards sing aloud with     
devotion1               ',erin          
mavournin--,erin go bragh6'             
,t4 ,campbell4                          
,,ccxiii4                               
,,lord ,,ullin',s ,,daughter4           
,a chieftain to the ,highlands bound1   
,cries1 ,boatman1 do not tarry6         
,and ,i'll give thee a silver pound     
,to row us o'er the ferry6              
,now who be ye1 would cross ,lochgyle1  
,this dark and stormy water8            
,o ,i'm  the chief of ,ulva's isle4     
,and this1 ,lord ,ullin's daughter4     
,and fast before her father's men       
,three days we've fled together1        
,for should he find us in the glen1     
,my blood would stain the heather4      
,his horsemen hard behind us ride--     
,should they our steps discover1        
,then who will cheer my bonny bride1    

,when they have slain her lover6        
,out spoke the hardy highland wight1    
,i'll go1 my chief1 ,i'm ready3         
,it is not for your silver bright1      
,but for your winsome lady3--           
,and by my word6 the bonny bird         
,in danger shall not tarry2             
,so1 though the waves are raging white1 
,i'll row you o'er the ferry4           
,by this the storm grew loud apace1     
,the water-wraith was shrieking2        
,and1 in the scowl of heaven1 each face 
,grew dark as they were speaking4       
,but still as wilder blew the wind1     
,and as the night grew drearer1         
,adown the glen rode armed men1--       
,their trampling sounded nearer4        
,o haste thee1 haste6 the lady cries1   
,though tempests round us gather2       
,i'll meet the raging of the skies1     
,but not an angry father4               
,the boat has left a stormy land1       
,a stormy sea before her1--             
,when ,o6 too strong for human hand1    
,the tempest gathered o'er her4         

,and still they rowed amidst the roar   
,of waters fast prevailing3             
,lord ,ullin reached that fatal shore1--
                    ,his wrath was      
changed to wailing6                     
,for1 sore dismayed1 through storm and  
shade                    ,his child he  
did discover3--                    ,one 
lovely hand she stretched for aid1      
,and one was round her lover4           
,come back6 ,come back6 he cried in     
grief1                    ,across this  
stormy water3                    ,and   
,i'll forgive your ,highland chief1     
,my daughter6--,o my daughter6          
',t was vain3 the loud waves lashed the 
shore1                    ,return or aid
 preventing3                    ,the    
wafers wild went o'er his child1        
,and he was left lamenting4             
,t4 ,campbell4                          
,,ccxiv4                                
,,fall ,,of ,,warsaw4                ,o6
 sacred ,truth6 thy triumph ceased      
awhile1               ,and ,hope1 thy   

sister1 ceased with thee to smile1      
,when leagued ,oppression poured to     
,northern wars               ,her       
whiskered pandours and her fierce       
hussars1               ,waved her dread 
standard to the breeze of  morn1        
,pealed her loud drum1 and twanged her  
trumpet horn2               ,tumultuous 
horror brooded o'er her van1            
,presaging wrath to ,poland--and to man6
               ,warsaw's last champion  
from her heights surveyed1              
,wide o'er the fields a waste of ruin   
laid--               ,o ,heaven6 he     
cried1 my bleeding country save6        
,is there no hand on high to shield the 
brave8               ,yet1 though       
destruction sweep these lovely plains1  
,rise1 fellow-men6 our country yet      
remains6               ,by that dread   
name1 we wave the sword on high1        
,and swear for her to live6--with her to
 die6               ,he said2 and on the
 rampart heights arrayed                
,his trusty warriors1 few1 but          

undismayed2               ,firm paced   
and slow1 a horrid front they form1     
,still as the breeze1 but dreadful as   
the storm2               ,low1 murmuring
 sounds along their banners fly1--      
,revenge1 or death6--the watchword and  
reply2               ,then pealed the   
notes1 omnipotent to charm1             
,and the loud tocsin tolled their last  
alarm6               ,in vain1 alas6 in 
vain1 ye gallant few6                   
,from rank to rank your volleyed thunder
 flew2--               ,o6 bloodiest    
picture in the book of ,time1           
,sarmatia fell1 unwept1 without a crime2
               ,found not a generous    
friend1 a pitying foe1                  
,strength in her arms1 nor mercy in her 
woe6               ,dropped from her    
nerveless grasp the shattered spear1    
,closed her bright eye1 and curbed her  
high career4               ,hope for a  
season bade the world farewell1         
,and ,freedom shrieked1 as ,kosciusko   
fell6               #j righteous        

,heaven6 ere ,freedom found a grave1    
,why slept the sword1 omnipotent to     
save8               ,where was thine    
arm1 ,o vengeance6 where thy rod1       
,that smote the foes of ,sion and of    
,god8               ,departed spirits of
 the mighty dead6               ,ye that
 at ,marathon and ,leuctra bled6        
,friends of the world6 restore your     
swords to man1               ,fight in  
his sacred cause1 and lead the van6     
,yet for ,sarmatia's tears of blood     
atone1               ,and make her arm  
puissant as your own6               ,o6 
once again to ,freedom's cause return   
,the patriot ,tell1--the ,bruce of      
,bannockburn6               ,yes1 thy   
proud lords1 unpitied land6 shall see   
that man hath yet a soul1--and dare be  
free6               ,a little while1    
along thy saddening plains1             
,the starless night of ,desolation      
reigns2               ,truth shall      
restore the light by ,nature given1     
,and1 like ,prometheus1 bring the fire  

of ,heaven6               ,prone to the 
dust ,oppression shall be hurled1       
,her name1 her nature1 withered from the
 world6                                 
,t4 ,campbell4                          
,,ccxv4                                 
,,hohenlinden4                     ,on  
,linden1 when the sun was low1          
,all bloodless lay the untrodden snow2  
,and dark as winter was the flow        
,of ,iser1 rolling rapidly4             
,but ,linden saw another sight1         
,when the drum beat at dead of night1   
,commanding fires of death to light     
,the darkness of her scenery4           
,by torch and trumpet fast arrayed1     
,each horseman drew his battle-blade1   
,and furious every charger neighed      
,to join the dreadful revelry4          
,then shook the hills with thunder      
riven2                    ,then rushed  
the steed1 to battle driven2            
,and louder than the bolts of ,heaven   
,far flashed the red artillery4         
,but redder yet that light shall glow1  

,on ,linden's hills of staind snow2     
,and bloodier yet the torrent flow      
,of ,iser1 rolling rapidly4             
',t is morn2 but scarce yon level sun   
,can pierce the war-clouds1 rolling dun1
                    ,where furious      
,frank and fiery ,hun                   
,shout in their sulphurous canopy4      
,the combat deepens4 ,on1 ye ,brave     
,who rush to glory1 or the grave6       
,wave1 ,munich1 all thy banners wave1   
,and charge with all thy chivalry6      
,few1 few shall part1 where many meet6  
,the snow shall be their winding-sheet1 
,and every turf beneath their feet      
,shall be a soldier's sepulchre4        
,t4 ,campbell4                          
,,ccxvi4                                
,,war-,,song ,,of ,,the ,,greeks1 #ahbb4
                ,again to the battle    
,achaians6               ,our hearts bid
 the tyrants defiance2                  
,our land1--the first garden of         
,liberty's tree--               ,it has 
been1 and shall yet be1 the land of the 

free2               ,for the cross of   
our faith is replanted1                 
,the pale1 dying crescent is daunted1   
,and we march that the footprints of    
,mahomet's slaves               ,may be 
washed out in blood from our            
forefather's graves4                    
,their spirits are hovering o'er us1    
,and the sword shall to glory restore   
us4                ,ah6 what though no  
succor advances1               ,nor     
,christendom's chivalrous lances        
,are stretched in our aid8--,be the     
combat our own6               ,and we'll
 perish or conquer more proudly alone2  
,for we've sworn by our country's       
assaulters1               ,by the       
virgins they've dragged from our altars1
               ,by our massacred        
patriots1 our children in chains1       
,by our heroes of old1 and their blood  
in our veins1--               ,that     
living we will be victorious1           
,or that dying1 our deaths shall be     
glorious4                ,a breath of   

submission we breathe not2              
,the sword that we've drawn we will     
sheathe not2               ,its scabbard
 is left where our martyrs are laid1    
,and the vengeance of ages has whetted  
its blade4               ,earth may     
hide--waves engulf--fire consume us1    
,but they shall not to slavery doom us3 
,if they rule1 it shall be o'er our     
ashes and graves1--               ,but  
we've smote them already with fire on   
the waves1               ,and new       
triumphs on land are before us4         
,to the charge6--,heaven's banner is    
o'er us6                ,this day--shall
 ye blush for its story8                
,or brighten your lives with its        
glory8--               ,our women--,o   
say1 shall they shriek in despair1      
,or embrace us from conquest1 with      
wreaths in their hair8                  
,accursed may his memory blacken1       
,if a coward there be that would        
slacken1               ,till we've      
trampled the turban1 and shown ourselves

 worth               ,being sprung from1
 and named for1 the godlike of earth4   
,strike home6--and the world shall      
revere us               ,as heroes      
descended from heroes4                  
,old ,greece lightens up with emotion   
,her inlands1 her isles of the ocean3   
,fanes rebuilt1 and fair towns1 shall   
with jubilee sing1               ,and   
the ,nine shall new-hallow their        
,helicon's spring4               ,our   
hearths shall be kindled with gladness1 
,that were cold1 and extinguished in    
sadness2               ,whilst our      
maidens shall dance with their white    
waving arms1               ,singing joy 
to the brave that delivered their       
charms1--               ,when the blood 
of you ,mussulman cravens               
,shall have crimsoned the beaks of our  
ravens4                                 
,t4 ,campbell4                          
,,ccxvii4                               
,,the ,,flight ,,of ,,xerxes4           
,i saw him on the battle-eve            

,when like a king he bore him2          
,proud hosts in glittering helm and     
greave1                    ,and prouder 
chiefs1 before him4                     
,the warrior and the warrior's deeds1   
,the morrow and the morrow's meeds1--   
,no daunting thought came o'er him2     
,he looked around him1 and his eye      
,defiance flashed to earth and sky4     
,he looked on ocean1--its broad breast  
,was covered with his fleet3            
,on earth1--and saw from east to west   
,his bannered millions meet2            
,while rock1 and glen1 and cave1 and    
coast1                    ,shook with   
the war-cry of that host1               
,the thunder of their feet6             
,he heard the imperial echoes ring1--   
,he heard1 and felt himself a king4     
,i saw him next alone2--nor camp        
,nor chief his steps attended2          
,nor banner blazed1 nor courser's tramp 
,with war-cries proudly blended4        
,he stood alone1 whom ,fortune high     
,so lately seemed to deify1             

,he1 who with ,heaven contended1        
,fled like a fugitive and slave6--      
,behind1 the foe2 before1 the wave6     
,he stood--fleet1 army1 treasure1 gone--
                    ,alone1 and in      
despair6                    ,but wave   
and wind swept ruthless on1             
,for they were monarchs there2          
,and ,xerxes1 in a single bark1         
,where late his thousand ships were dark
                    ,must all their fury
 dare4                    ,what a       
revenge1 a trophy1 this1                
,for thee1 immortal ,salamis6           
,miss ,jewsbury4                        
,,ccxviii4                              
,,old ,,ironsides4                      
,ay1 tear her tattered ensign down6     
,long has it waved on high1             
,and many an eye has danced to see      
,that banner in the sky2--              
,beneath it rung the battle shout1      
,and burst the cannon's roar2           
,the meteor of the ocean air            
,shall sweep the clouds no more4        

,her deck1 once red with heroes' blood1 
,where knelt the vanquished foe1        
,when winds were hurrying o'er the      
flood1                    ,and waves    
were white below1                    ,no
 more shall feel the victor's tread1    
,or know the conquered knee2            
,the harpies of the shore shall pluck   
,the eagle of the sea6                  
,o1 better that her shattered hulk      
,should sink beneath the wave6          
,her thunders shook the mighty deep1    
,and there should be her grave6         
,nail to the mast her holy flag1        
,set every threadbare sail1             
,and give her to the god of storms--    
,the lightning and the gale6            
,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,ccxix4                                
,,charge ,,of ,,the ,,light ,,brigade4  
,half a league1 half a league1          
,half a league onward1                  
,all in the valley of ,death            
,rode the six hundred4                  
,forward1 the ,light ,brigade6          

,charge for the guns6 he said4          
,into the valley of ,death1             
,rode the six hundred4                  
,forward1 the ,light ,brigade6          
,was there a man dismayed8              
,not though the soldier knew            
,some one had blundered2                
,theirs not to make reply               
,theirs not to reason why1              
,theirs but to do and die3              
,into the valley of death               
,rode the six hundred4                  
,cannon to right of them1               
,cannon to left of them1                
,cannon in front of them                
,volleyed and thundered3                
,stormed at with shot and shell1        
,boldly they rode and well1             
,into the jaws of ,death1               
,into the mouth of hell1                
,rode the six hundred4                  
,flashed all their sabres bare1         
,flashed as they turned in air1         
,sabring the gunners there1             
,charging an army1 while                

,all the world wondered3                
,plunged in the battery smoke1          
,right through the line they broke      
,cossack and ,russian                   
,reeled from the sabre stroke1          
,shattered and sundered2                
,then they rode back1 but not--         
,not the six hundred4                   
,cannon to right of them1               
,cannon to left of them1                
,cannon behind them1                    
,volleyed and thundered3                
,stormed at with shot and shell1        
,while horse and hero fell1             
,they that had fought so well1          
,came through the jaws of hell1         
,all that was left of them1             
,left of six hundred4                   
,when can their glory fade8             
,o1 the wild charge they made6          
,all the world wondered4                
,honor the charge they made6            
,honor the ,light ,brigade1             
,noble six hundred6                     
,a4 ,tennyson4                          

,,ccxx4                                 
,,arnold ,,winkelreid4                  
,make way for liberty6--he cried2       
,made way for liberty1 and died6--      
,it must not be3 this day1 this hour1   
,annihilates the oppressor's power6     
,all ,switzerland is in the field1      
,she will not fly1 she cannot yield1--  
,she must not fall2 her better fate     
,here gives her an immortal date4       
,few were the numbers she could boast2  
,but every freeman was a host1          
,and felt as though himself were he1    
,on whose sole arm clung victory4       
,it did depend on one indeed2           
,behold him1--,arnold ,winkelreid6      
,there sounds not to the trump of fame  
,the echo of a nobler name4             
,unmarked he stood among the throng1    
,in rumination deep and long1           
,till you might see1 with sudden grace1 
,the very thought come o'er his face2   
,and1 by the motion of his form1        
,anticipate the bursting storm2         
,and1 by the uplifting of his brow1     

,tell where the bolt would strike1 and  
how4                     ,but 't was no 
sooner thought than done1--             
,the field was in a moment won6         
,make way for liberty6 he cried1        
,then ran1 with arms extended wide1     
,as if his dearest friend to clasp2     
,ten spears he swept within his grasp3  
,make way for liberty6 he cried--       
,their keen points met from side to     
side2                    ,he bowed      
amongst them like a tree1               
,and thus made way for liberty4         
,swift to the breach his comrades fly3  
,make way for liberty6 they cry1        
,and through the ,austrian phalanx dart1
                    ,as rushed the      
spears through ,arnold's heart2         
,while1 instantaneous as his fall1      
,rout1 ruin1 panic1 scattered all3      
,an earthquake could not overthrow4     
,a city with a surer blow4              
,thus ,switzerland again was free2      
,thus ,death made way for liberty6      
,j4 ,montgomery4                        

,,ccxxi4                                
,,new ,,england',s ,,dead4              
,new ,england's dead6--,new ,england's  
dead6                    ,on every hill 
they lie2                    ,on every  
field of strife made red                
,by bloody victory4                     
,each valley1 where the battle poured   
,its red and awful tide1                
,beheld the brave ,new ,england sword1  
,with slaughter deeply dyed4            
,their bones are on the northern hill1  
,and on the southern plain1             
,by brook and river1 lake and rill1     
,and by the roaring main4               
,the land is holy where they fought1    
,and holy where they fell2              
,for by their blood that land was       
bought1                    ,the land    
they loved so well4                     
,then glory to that valiant band1       
,the honored saviours of the land6      
,o6 few and weak their numbers were1--  
,a handful of brave men2                
,but to their ,god they gave their      

prayer1                    ,and rushed  
to battle then4                    ,the 
,god of battles heard their cry1        
,and sent to them the victory4          
,they left the ploughshare in the mould1
                    ,their flocks and   
herds without a fold1                   
,the sickle in the unshorn grain1       
,the corn1 half-garnered on the plain1  
,and mustered in their simple dress1    
,for wrongs to seek a stern redress2    
,to right those wrongs1 come weal1 come 
woe1--                    ,to perish or 
o'ercome their foe4                     
,and where are ye1 ,o fearless men8     
,and where are ye to-day8               
,i call3--the hills reply again         
,that ye have passed away2              
,that on old ,bunker's lonely height1   
,in ,trenton1 and in ,monmouth ground1  
,the grass grows green1 the harvest     
bright1                    ,above each  
soldier's mound4                    ,the
 bugle's wild and warlike blast         
,shall muster them no more2             

,an army now might thunder past1        
,and they not heed its roar4            
,the starry flag 'neath which they      
fought1                    ,in many a   
bloody day1                    ,from    
their old graves shall rouse them not2  
,for they have passed away4             
,i4 ,m',lellan4                         
,,ccxxii4                               
,,never ,,give ,,up4                    
,never give up6 it is wiser and better  
,always to hope1 than once to despair2--
                    ,fling off the load 
of doubt's cankering fetters1           
,and break the dark spell of tyrannical 
care4                     ,never give   
up1 or the burden may sink you1--       
,providence kindly has mingled the cup2 
,and in all trials and troubles bethink 
you1                    ,the watchword  
of life must be1 ,never give up6        
,never give up2 there are chances and   
changes1                    ,helping the
 hopeful1 a hundred to one1             
,and through the chaos1 ,high wisdom    

arranges                    ,ever       
success1 if you'll only hold on4        
,never give up2 for the wisest is       
boldest1                    ,knowing    
that ,providence mingles the cup1       
,and of all maxims1 the best1 as the    
oldest1                    ,is the stern
 watchword of ,never give up6           
,never give up1 though the grape-shot   
may rattle1                    ,or the  
full thunder-cloud over you burst2      
,stand like a rock1 and the storm or the
 battle                    ,little shall
 harm you1 though doing their worst4    
,never give up2 if adversity presses1   
,providence wisely has mingled the cup2 
,and the best counsel in all your       
distresses                    ,is the   
brave watchword of ,never give up6      
,anonymous4                             
,,ccxxiii4                              
,,marco ,,bozzaris4                     
,at midnight1 in his guarded tent1      
,the ,turk was dreaming of the hour1    
,when ,greece1 her knee in suppliance   

bent1                    ,should tremble
 at his power3                    ,in   
dreams1 through camp and court he bore  
,the trophies of a conqueror2           
,in dreams his song of triumph heard2   
,then wore his monarch's signet ring2   
,then pressed that monarch's throne--a  
king2--                    ,as wild his 
thoughts1 and gay of wing1              
,as ,eden's garden bird4                
,at midnight1 in the forest shades1     
,bozzaris ranged his ,suliote band1     
,true as the steel of their tried       
blades1                    ,heroes in   
heart and hand4                         
,there had the ,persian's thousands     
stood1--                    ,there had  
the glad earth drunk their blood1       
,on old ,plata's day2                   
,and now there breathed that haunted air
                    ,the sons of sires  
who conquered there1                    
,with arm to strike1 and soul to dare1  
,as quick1 as far as they4              
,an hour passed on--the ,turk awoke2    

,that bright dream was his last2        
,he woke to hear his sentries shriek1   
,to arms6 they come6 the ,greek6 the    
,greek6                    ,he woke--to 
die midst flame and smoke1              
,and shout1 and groan1 and sabre-stroke1
                    ,and death-shots    
falling thick and fast                  
,as lightnings from the mountain-cloud2 
,and heard1 with voice as trumpet-loud1 
,bozzaris cheer his band3               
,strike--till the last armed foe        
expires2                    ,strike--for
 your altars and your fires2            
,strike--for the green graves of your   
sires1--                    ,god--and   
your native land6                       
,they fought--like brave men1 long and  
well2                    ,they piled    
that ground with ,moslem slain2         
,they conquered--but ,bozzaris fell1    
,bleeding at every vein4                
,his few surviving comrades saw         
,his smile when rang their proud hurrah1
                    ,and the red field  

was won3                    ,then saw in
 death his eyelids close                
,calmly1 as to a night's repose1        
,like flowers at set of sun4            
,come to the bridal-chamber1 ,death6    
,come to the mother1 when she feels1    
,for the first time1 her first-born's   
breath2                    ,come when   
the blessed seals                       
,that close the pestilence are broke1   
,and crowded cities wail its stroke2    
,come in ,consumption's ghastly form1   
,the earthquake shock1 the ocean storm2 
,come when the heart beats high and     
warm1                    ,with          
banquet-song1 and dance1 and wine1--    
,and thou art terrible6--,the tear1     
,the groan1 the knell1 the pall1 the    
bier1                    ,and all we    
know1 or dream1 or fear                 
,of agony1 are thine4                   
,but to the hero1 when his sword        
,has won the battle for the free1       
,thy voice sounds like a prophet's word2
                    ,and in its hollow  

tones are heard                    ,the 
thanks of millions yet to be4           
,bozzaris6 with the storied brave1      
,greece nurtured in her glory's time1   
,rest thee--there is no prouder grave1  
,even in her own proud clime4           
,we tell thy doom without a sigh2       
,for thou art ,freedom's now1 and       
,fame's1--                    ,one of   
the few1 the immortal names             
,that were not born to die6             
,f4 ,g4 ,halleck4                       
,,ccxxiv4                               
,,the ,,american ,,flag4                
,when freedom1 from her mountain height1
                    ,unfurled her       
standard to the air1                    
,she tore the azure robe of night1      
,and set the stars of glory there6      
,she mingled with its gorgeous dyes     
,the milky baldric of the skies1        
,and striped its pure celestial white   
,with streakings of the morning light2  
,then1 from his mansion in the sun1     
,she called her eagle bearer downy      

,and gave into his mighty hand          
,the symbol of her chosen land6         
,majestic monarch of the cloud6         
,who rear'st aloft thy regal form1      
,to hear the tempest-trumpings loud1    
,and see the lightning's lances driven1 
,when strive the warriors of the storm1 
,and rolls the thunder-drum of heaven6  
,child of the sun6 to thee 't is given  
,to guard the banner of the free1       
,to hover in the sulphur smoke1         
,to ward away the battle stroke1--      
,and bid its blendings shine afar1      
,like rainbows on the cloud of war1--   
,the harbingers of victory6             
,flag of the brave6 thy folds shall fly1
                    ,the sign of hope   
and triumph high1                       
,when speaks the signal trumpet tone1   
,and the long line comes gleaming on4   
,ere yet the life-blood1 warm and wet1  
,has dimmed the glistening bayonet1     
,each soldier's eye shall brightly turn 
,to where thy sky-born glories burn2    
,and as his springing steps advance1    

,catch war and vengeance from the       
glance4                    ,and when the
 cannon-mouthings loud                  
,heave in wild wreaths the              
battle-shroud1                    ,and  
gory sabres rise and fall1              
,like shoots of flame on midnights pall2
                    ,then shall thy     
meteor-glances glow1                    
,and cowering foes shall sink beneath   
,each gallant arm that strikes below    
,that lovely messenger of death4        
,flag of the seas6 on ocean wave        
,thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave2
                    ,when death1        
careering on the gale1                  
,sweeps darkly round the bellied sail1  
,and frighted waves rush wildly back    
,before the broadside's reeling rack1   
,each dying wanderer of the sea         
,shall look at once to heaven and thee1 
,and smile to see thy splendors fly     
,in triumph o'er his closing eye4       
,flag of the free heart's hope and home6
                    ,by angel hands to  

valor given2                    ,thy    
stars have lit the welkin dome1         
,and all thy hues were born in heaven4  
,forever float1 that standard sheet6    
,where breathes the foe but falls before
 us1                    ,with freedom's 
soil beneath our feet1                  
,and ,freedom's banner streaming o'er   
us6                                     
,j4 ,r4 ,drake4                         
,,ccxxv4                                
,,the ,,widow ,,of ,,glencoe4       ,do 
not lift him from the bracken1 leave him
 lying where he fell--      ,better bier
 ye cannot fashion3 none beseems him    
half so well      ,as the bare and      
broken heather1 and the hard and broken 
sod1      ,whence his angry soul        
ascended to the judgment-seat of ,god6  
,winding-sheet we cannot give him--seek 
no mantle for the dead1      ,save the  
cold and spotless covering showered from
 heaven upon his            head4       
,leave his broadsword as we found it1   
rent and broken with the blow1          

,that1 before he died1 avenged him on   
the foremost of the foe4      ,leave the
 blood upon the bosom--wash not off that
 sacred stain2      ,let it stiffen on  
the tartan1 let his wounds unclosed     
remain1      ,till the day when he shall
 show them at the throne of ,god on     
high1      ,when the murderer and the   
murdered meet before their ,judge's eye4
      ,nay--ye should not weep1 my      
children6 leave it to the faint and     
weak2      ,sobs are but a woman's      
weapons--tears befit a maiden's cheek4  
,weep not1 children of ,macdonald6 weep 
not thou1 his orphan heir2      ,not in 
shame1 but stainless honor1 lies thy    
slaughtered father there2      ,weep    
not--but when years are over1 and thine 
arm is strong and sure1      ,and thy   
foot is swift and steady on the mountain
 and the muir1      ,let thy heart be   
hard as iron1 and thy wrath as fierce as
 fire1      ,till the hour when         
vengeance cometh for the race that slew 
thy sire6      ,till in deep and dark   

,glenlyon rise a louder shriek of woe1  
,than at midnight1 from their eyry1     
scared the eagles of ,glencoe2          
,louder than the screams that mingled   
with the howling of the blast1          
,when the murderers' steel was clashing1
 and the fires were rising              
fast2      ,when thy noble father       
bounded to the rescue of his men1       
,and the slogan of our kindred pealed   
throughout the startled glen2      ,when
 the herd of frantic women stumbled     
through the midnight  snow1      ,with  
their fathers' houses blazing1 and their
 dearest dead below6      ,oh1 the      
horror of the tempest1 as the flashing  
drift was blown1      ,crimsoned with   
the conflagration1 and the roofs went   
thundering down6      ,oh1 the prayers1 
the prayers and curses1 that together   
winged their                            
flight      ,from the maddened hearts of
 many1 through that long and woful      
night6--      ,till the fires began to  
dwindle1 and the shots grew faint and   

few1      ,and we heard the foeman's    
challenge only in a far halloo3         
,till the silence once more settled o'er
 the gorges of the glen1      ,broken   
only by the ,cona plunging through its  
naked den4      ,slowly from the        
mountain summit was the drifting veil   
withdrawn1      ,and the ghastly valley 
glimmered in the gray ,december dawn4   
,better had the morning never dawned    
upon our dark despair6      ,black      
amidst the common whiteness rose the    
spectral ruins there3      ,but the     
sight of these was nothing more than    
wrings the wild dove's                  
breast1      ,when she searches for her 
offspring round the relics of her nest4 
,for in many a spot the tartan peered   
above the wintry heap1      ,marking    
where a dead ,macdonald lay within his  
frozen sleep4      ,tremblingly we      
scooped the covering from each kindred  
victim's head1      ,and the living lips
 were burning on the cold ones of the   
dead4      ,and ,i left them with their 

dearest--dearest charge had every one-- 
,left the maiden with her lover1 left   
the mother with her son4      ,i alone  
of all was mateless--far more wretched  
,i than they1      ,for the snow would  
not discover where my lord and husband  
lay4      ,but ,i wandered up the       
valley1 till ,i found him lying low1    
,with the gash upon his bosom1 and the  
frown upon his brow--      ,till ,i     
found him lying murdered where he wooed 
me long ago4       ,woman's weakness    
shall not shame me--why should ,i have  
tears to shed8      ,could ,i rain them 
down like water1 ,o my hero6 on thy     
head--      ,could the cry of           
lamentation wake thee from thy silent   
sleep1      ,could it set thy heart     
a-throbbing1 it were mine to wail and   
weep6      ,but ,i will not waste my    
sorrow1 lest the ,campbell women say    
,that the daughters of ,clanranald are  
as weak and frail as they4      ,i had  
wept thee1 hadst thou fallen1 like our  
fathers1 on thy shield1      ,when a    

host of ,english foemen camped upon a   
,scottish field4      ,i had mourned    
thee1 hadst thou perished with the      
foremost of his name1      ,when the    
valiant and the noble died around the   
dauntless ,grme6      ,but ,i will not  
wrong thee1 husband1 with my unavailing 
cries1      ,whilst thy cold and mangled
 body1 stricken by the traitor1 lies2   
,whilst he counts the gold and glory    
that this hideous night has won1        
,and his heart is big with triumph at   
the murder he has done4      ,other eyes
 than mine shall glisten1 other hearts  
be rent in twain1      ,ere the         
heath-bells on thy hillock wither in the
 autumn rain4      ,then ,i'll seek thee
 where thou sleepest1 and ,i'll veil my 
weary head1      ,praying for a place   
beside thee1 dearer than my bridal-bed3 
,and ,i'll give thee tears1 my husband1 
if the tears remain to me1      ,when   
the widows of the foeman cry the        
coronach for thee6                      
,w4 ,e4 ,aytoun4                        

,,ccxxvi4                               
,,burial ,,of ,,sir ,,john ,,moore4     
,not a drum was heard1 not a funeral    
note1                    ,as his corpse 
to the rampart we hurried2              
,not a soldier discharged his farewell  
shot                    ,o'er the grave 
where our hero we buried4               
,we buried him darkly1 at dead of night1
                    ,the sods with our  
bayonets turning2                    ,by
 the struggling moonbeam's misty light1 
,and the lantern dimly burning4         
,no useless coffin enclosed his breast1 
,not in sheet nor in shroud we wound    
him2                    ,but he lay like
 a warrior taking his rest              
,with his martial cloak around him4     
,few and short were the prayers we said1
                    ,and we spoke not a 
word of sorrow1                    ,but 
we steadfastly gazed on the face that   
was dead1                    ,and we    
bitterly thought of the morrow4         
,we thought1 as we hollowed his narrow  

bed1                     ,and smoothed  
down his lonely pillow1                 
,that the foe and the stranger would    
tread o'er his head1                    
,and we far away on the billow6         
,lightly they'll talk of the spirit     
that's gone1                     ,and   
o'er his cold ashes upbraid him1--      
,but little he'll reck1 if they let him 
sleep on                    ,in the     
grave where a ,briton has laid him4     
,but half of our heavy task was done    
,when the clock struck the hour for     
retiring2                    ,and we    
heard the distant and random gun        
,that the foe was sullenly firing4      
,slowly and sadly we laid him down1     
,from the field of his false fresh and  
gory2                    ,we carved not 
a line1 and we raised not a stone--     
,but we left him alone with his glory4  
,c4 ,wolfe4                             
,,ccxxvii4                              
,,the ,,maniac4                         
,stay1 jailer1 stay1 and hear my woe6   

,she is not mad who kneels to thee1     
,for what ,i'm now1 too well ,i know1   
,and what ,i was1 and what should be4   
,i'll rave no more in proud despair2    
,my language shall be mild1 though sad3 
,but yet ,i firmly1 truly swear1        
,i am not mad1 ,i am not mad4           
,my tyrant husband forged the tale      
,which chains me in this dismal cell2   
,my fate unknown my friends bewail--    
,oh6  jailer1 haste that fate to tell2  
,oh6 haste my father's heart to cheer3  
,his heart at once 't will grieve and   
glad                    ,to know though 
kept a captive here1                    
,i am not mad1 ,i am not mad4           
,he smiles in scorn1 and turns the key2 
,he quits the grate2 ,i knelt in vain2  
,his glimmering lamp still1 still ,i    
see--                    ',t is gone6   
and all is gloom again4                 
,cold1 bitter cold6--,no warmth6 no     
light6--                    ,life1 all  
thy comforts once ,i had2               
,yet here ,i'm chained1 this freezing   

night1                    ,although not 
mad2 no1 no1 not mad4                   
',tis sure some dream--some vision vain6
                    ,what6 ,i--the child
 of rank and wealth1--                  
,am ,i the wretch who clanks this chain1
                    ,bereft of freedom1 
friends1 and health8                    
,ah6 while ,i dwell on blessings fled1  
,which never more my heart must glad1   
,how aches my heart1 how burns my head2 
,but 'tis not mad2 no1 'tis not mad4    
,hast thou1 my child1 forgot1 ere this1 
,a mother's face1 a mother's tongue8    
,she'll never forget your parting kiss1 
,nor round her neck how fast you clung2 
,nor how with her you sued to stay2     
,nor how that suit your sire forbade2   
,nor how--,i'll drive such thoughts     
away6                    ,they'll make  
me mad1 they'll make me mad4            
,his rosy lips1 how sweet they smiled6  
,his mild blue eyes1 how bright they    
shone6                    ,none ever    
bore a lovelier child3                  

,and art thou now forever gone8         
,and must ,i never see thee more1       
,my pretty1 pretty1 pretty lad8         
,i will be free6 unbar the door6        
,i am not mad1 ,i am not mad4           
,oh6 hark6 what mean those yells and    
cries8                    ,his chain    
some furious madman breaks2             
,he comes6--,i see his glaring eyes2    
,now1 now1 my dungeon-grate he shakes-- 
,help6 help6--,he's gone6--,oh6 fearful 
woe1                    ,such screams to
 hear1 such sights to see6              
,my brain1 my brain1--,i know1 ,i know1 
,i am not mad1 but soon shall be4       
,yes1 soon2 for lo you6--while ,i       
speak--                    ,mark how yon
 demon's eyeballs glare6                
,he sees me2 now1 with dreadful shriek1 
,he whirls a serpent high in air4       
,horror6--the reptile strikes his tooth 
,deep in my heart1 so crushed and sad2--
                    ,ay1 laugh1 ye      
fiends2--,i feel the truth2             
,your task is done--,i'm mad6 ,i'm mad6 

,lewis4                                 
,,ccxxviii4                             
,,rienzi ,,to ,,the ,,romans4           
,friends6                    ,i come not
 here to talk4 ,ye know too well        
,the story of our thraldom4 ,we are     
slaves6                    ,the bright  
sun rises to his course1 and lights     
,a race of slaves6 ,he sets1 and his    
last beam                    ,falls on a
 slave2 not such1 as swept along        
,by the full tide of power1 the         
conqueror leads                    ,to  
crimson glory and undying fame1--       
,but base1 ignoble slaves6--slaves to a 
horde                    ,of petty      
tyrants1 feudal despots2 lords1         
,rich in some dozen paltry villages2    
,strong in some hundred spearmen2 only  
great                    ,in that       
strange spell--a name6 ,each hour1 dark 
fraud                    ,or open       
rapine1 or protected murder1            
,cries out against them4 ,but this very 
day1                    ,an honest man1 

my neighbor1--there he stands--         
,was struck--struck like a dog1 by one  
who wore                    ,the badge  
of ,ursini6 because1 forsooth1          
,he tossed not high his ready cap in    
air1                    ,nor lifted up  
his voice in servile shouts1            
,at sight of that great ruffian6 ,be we 
men1                    ,and suffer such
 dishonor8--men1 and wash not           
,the stain away in blood8               
,such shames are common4                
,i have known deeper wrongs4 ,i1 that   
speak to ye1                    ,i had a
 brother once1 a gracious boy1          
,full of all gentleness1 of calmest     
hope1                    ,of sweet and  
quiet joy2 there was the look           
,of ,heaven upon his face1 which limners
 give                    ,to the beloved
 disciple4 ,how ,i loved                
,that gracious boy6 ,younger by fifteen 
years1                    ,brother at   
once and son6 ,he left my side1         
,a summer bloom on his fair cheeks a    

smile                    ,parting his   
innocent lips4 ,in one short hour1      
,the pretty1 harmless boy was slain6 ,i 
saw                    ,the corse1 the  
mangled corse1 and then ,i cried        
,for vengeance6 ,rouse1 ye ,romans6     
,rouse1 ye slaves6                      
,have ye brave sons8--,look in the next 
fierce brawl                    ,to see 
them die6 ,have ye fair                 
daughters8--,look                    ,to
 see them live1 torn from your arms1    
distained1                              
,dishonored2 and1 if ye dare call for   
justice1                    ,be answered
 by the lash6 ,yet1 this is ,rome1      
,that sate on her seven hills1 and from 
her throne                    ,of beauty
 ruled the world6 ,yet1 we are ,romans4 
,why in that elder day to be a ,roman   
,was greater than a ,king6 ,and once    
again--                    ,hear me1 ye 
walls that echoed to the tread          
,of either ,brutus6--once again ,i swear
                    ,the ,eternal ,city 

shall be free6                          
,miss ,mitford4                         
,,ccxxix4                          ,,the
 ,,bell ,,of ,,the ,,atlantic4          
,toll1 toll1 toll6                      
,thou bell by billows swung1            
,and1 night and day1 thy warning words  
,repeat with mournful tongue6           
,toll for the queenly boat1             
,wrecked on yon rocky shore6            
,sea-weed is in her palace halls1--     
,she rides the surge no more4           
,toll for the master bold1              
,the high-souled and the brave1         
,who ruled her like a thing of life     
,amid the crested wave6                 
,toll for the hardy crew1               
,sons of the storm and blast1           
,who long the tyrant ocean dared2       
,but it vanquished them at last4        
,toll for the man of ,god1              
,whose hallowed voice of prayer         
,rose calm above the stifled groan      
,of that intense despair6               
,how precious were those tones1         

,on that sad verge of life1             
,amid the fierce and freezing storm1    
,and the mountain billows' strife6      
,toll for the lover1 lost               
,to the summoned bridal train6          
,bright glows a picture on his breast1  
,beneath th' unfathomed main4           
,one from her casement gazeth           
,long o'er the misty sea3               
,he cometh not1 pale maiden1--          
,his heart is cold to thee6             
,toll for the absent sire1              
,who to his home drew near1             
,to bless a glad1 expecting group1--    
,fond wife1 and children dear6          
,they heap the blazing hearth1          
,the festal board is spread1            
,but a fearful guest is at the gate2--  
,room for the sheeted dead6             
,toll for the loved and fair1           
,the whelmed beneath the tide1--        
,the broken harps around whose strings  
,the dull sea-monsters glide6           
,mother and nursling sweet1             
,reft from the household throng2        

,there's bitter weeping in the nest     
,where breathed their soul of song4     
,toll for the hearts that bleed         
',neath misery's furrowing trace2       
,toll for the hapless orphan left1      
,the last of all his race6              
,yea1 with thy heaviest knell1          
,from surge to rocky shore1             
,toll for the living1--not the dead1    
,whose mortal woes are o'er4            
,toll1 toll1 toll6                      
,o'er breeze and billow free2           
,and with thy startling lore instruct   
,each rover of the sea4                 
,tell how o'er proudest joys            
,may swift destruction sweep1           
,and bid him build his hopes on high1-- 
,lone teacher of the deep6              
,mrs4 ,sigourney4                       
,,ccxxx4                                
,,the ,,struggle ,,for ,,fame4          
,if thou wouldst win a lasting fame1--  
,if thou the immortal wreath wouldst    
claim1                    ,and make the 
future bless thy name1--                

,begin thy perilous career1             
,keep high thy heart1 thy conscience    
clear1                    ,and walk thy 
way without a fear4                     
,and if thou hast a voice within1       
,that ever whispers1 ,work and win1     
,and keeps thy soul from sloth and      
sin2--                     ,if thou     
canst plan a noble deed1                
,and never flag till it succeed1        
,though in the strife thy heart should  
bleed2--                     ,if thou   
canst struggle day and night1           
,and1 in the envious world's despite1   
,still keep thy cynosure in sight2--    
,if thou canst bear the rich man's      
scorn1                    ,nor curse the
 day that thou wert born                
,to feed on husks1 and he on corn2--    
,if thou canst dine upon a crust1       
,and still hold on with patient trust1  
,nor pine that fortune is unjust2--     
,if thou canst see1 with tranquil       
breast1                    ,the knave or
 fool in purple dressed1                

,whilst thou must walk in tattered      
vest2--                     ,if thou    
canst rise ere break of day1            
,and toil and moil till evening gray1   
,at thankless work1 for scanty pay2--   
,if in thy progress to renown           
,thou canst endure the scoff and frown  
,of those who strive to pull thee       
down2--                     ,if thou    
canst bear the averted face1            
,the gibe1 or treacherous embrace1      
,of those who run the self-same race2-- 
,if thou in darkest days canst find     
,an inner brightness in thy mind1       
,to reconcile thee to thy kind3--       
,whatever obstacles control1            
,thine hour will come--go on--true soul6
                    ,thou'lt win the    
prize1 thou'lt reach the goal4          
,if not--what matters8 ,tried by fire1  
,and purified from low desire1          
,thy spirit shall but soar the higher4  
,content and hope thy heart shall buoy1 
,and men's neglect shall ne'er destroy  
,thy secret peace1 thy inward joy6      

,c4 ,mackay4                            
,,ccxxxi4                               
,,the ,,sailor-,,boy',s ,,dream4        
,in slumbers of midnight1 the sailor-boy
 lay2               ,his hammock swung  
loose at the sport of the wind2         
,but watch-worn and weary his cares flew
 away1               ,and visions of    
happiness danced o'er his mind4         
,he dreamt of his home1 of his dear     
native bowers1               ,and       
pleasures that waited on life's merry   
morn2               ,while memory stood 
sideways1 half covered with flowers     
,and restored every rose1 but secreted  
its thorn4                ,then fancy   
her magical pinions spread wide1        
,and bade the young dreamer in ecstasy  
rise--               ,now1 far1 far     
behind him the green waters glide1      
,and the cot of his forefathers blesses 
his eyes4                ,the jessamine 
clambers in flower o'er the thatch1     
,and the swallow sings sweet from her   
nest in the wall2               ,all    

trembling with transport he raises the  
latch1               ,and the voices of 
loved ones reply to his call4           
,a father bends o'er him with looks of  
delight2               ,his cheek is    
impearled with a mother's warm tear1    
,and the lips of the boy in a love-kiss 
unite               ,with the lips of   
the maid whom his bosom holds dear4     
,the heart of the sleeper beats high in 
his breast2               ,joy quickens 
his pulse--all hardships seem o'er1     
,and a murmur of happiness steals       
through his rest--               ,o     
,god1 thou hast blest me--,i ask for no 
more4                ,ah6 what is that  
flame1 which now bursts on his eye8     
,ah6 what is that sound which now larums
 his ear8               ',t is the      
lightning's red glare painting hell on  
the sky6               ',t is the crash 
of the thunder1 the groan of the sphere6
                ,he springs from his    
hammock--he flies to the deck2          
,amazement confronts him with images    

dire--               ,wild winds and mad
 waves drive the vessel a wreck--       
,the masts fly in splinters--the shrouds
 are on fire6                ,o6        
sailor-boy6 woe to thy dream of delight6
               ,in darkness dissolves   
the gay frostwork of bliss--            
,where now is the picture that fancy    
touched bright1               ,thy      
parents' fond pressure1 and love's      
honeyed kiss6                ,o6        
sailor-boy6 sailor-boy6 never again     
,shall home1 love1 or kindred thy wishes
 repay2               ,unblessed and    
unhonored1 down deep in the main1       
,full many a score fathom1 thy frame    
shall decay4                ,no tomb    
shall e'er plead to remembrance for     
thee1               ,or redeem form or  
frame from the merciless surge2         
,but the white foam of waves shall thy  
winding-sheet be1               ,and    
winds in the midnight of winter thy     
dirge4                ,on beds of green 
sea-flower thy limbs shall be laid2     

,around thy white bones the red coral   
shall grow2               ,of thy fair  
yellow locks threads of amber be made1  
,and every part suit to thy mansion     
below4                ,days1 months1    
years1 and ages shall circle away1      
,and still the vast waters above thee   
shall roll2               ,earth loses  
thy pattern forever and aye--           
,o sailor-boy6 sailor-boy6 peace to thy 
soul6                                   
,dimond4                                
,,ccxxxii4                  ,,on ,,the  
,,entry ,,of ,,the ,,austrians ,,into   
,,naples4                ,ay1 down to   
the dust with them1 slaves as they are6 
,from this hour let the blood in their  
dastardly veins1               ,that    
shrunk from the first touch of          
,liberty's war1               ,be sucked
 out by tyrants or stagnate in chains6  
,on--on1 like a cloud1 through their    
beautiful vales1               ,ye      
locusts of tyranny6--blasting them o'er3
               ,fill--fill up their     

wide1 sunny waters1 ye sails1           
,from each slave-mart in ,europe1 and   
poison their shore4                ,may 
their fate be a mockword--may men of all
 lands               ,laugh out with a  
scorn that shall ring to the poles1     
,when each sword that the cowards let   
fall from their hands1                  
,shall be forged into fetters to enter  
their souls6                ,and deep1  
and more deep1 as the iron is driven1   
,base slaves6 may the whet of their     
agony be1               ,to think--as   
the damned haply think of the heaven    
,they had  once in their reach1--that   
they might have been free4              
,shame6 shame6 when there was not a     
bosom whose heat               ,ever    
rose o'er the zero of ,castlereagh's    
heart1               ,that did not1 like
 ,echo1 your war-hymn repeat1           
,and send back its prayers with your    
,liberty's start6                ,good  
,god6 that in such a proud moment of    
life1               ,worth ages of      

history--when1 had you but hurled       
,one bolt at your bloody invader1 that  
strife               ,between freemen   
and tyrants had spread through the      
world6                ,that then--,o1   
disgrace upon manhood6 e'en then        
,you should falter--should cling to your
 pitiful breath1               ,cower   
down into beasts1 when you might have   
stood men1               ,and prefer a  
slave's life to a glorious death6       
,it is strange6--it is dreadful6 ,shout1
 ,tyranny1 shout               ,through 
your dungeons and palaces1 ,freedom is  
o'er--               ,if there lingers  
one spark of her fire1 tread it out1    
,and return to your empire of darkness  
once more4                ,for if such  
are the braggarts that claim to be free1
               ,come1 ,despot of        
,russia1 thy feet let me kiss1          
,far nobler to live the brute-bondman of
 thee1               ,than sully even   
chains by a struggle like this4         
,t4 ,moore4                             

,,ccxxxiii4                   ,,the     
,,battle ,,hymn ,,of ,,the ,,berlin     
,,landsturm4                 ,father of 
earth and heaven6 ,i call thy name6     
,round me the smoke and shout of battle 
roll2               ,mine eyes are      
dazzled with the rustling flame2        
,father1 sustain an untried soldier's   
soul4               ,or life1 or death1 
whatever be the goal               ,that
 crowns or closes round this struggling 
hour1               ,thou knowest1 if   
ever from my spirit stole               
,one deeper prayer1 't was that no cloud
 might lower               ,on my young 
fame6--,o hear6 ,god of eternal power6  
,now for the fight--now for the         
cannon-peal--                           
,forward--through blood1 and toils and  
cloud1 and fire6               ,glorious
 the shout1 the shock1 the crash of     
steel1               ,the volley's roll1
 the rocket's blasting spire2           
,they shake--like broken waves their    
squares retire1--               ,on1    

hussars6--,now give them rein and heel2 
,think of the orphaned child1 the       
murdered sire2--               ,earth   
cries for blood--in thunder on them     
wheel6               ,this hour to      
,europe's fate shall set the            
triumph-seal6                           
,krner4                                 
,,ccxxxiv4                      ,,the   
,,main ,,truck1 ,,or ,a ,,leap ,,for    
,,life4                     ,old        
,ironsides at anchor lay                
,in the harbor of ,mahon2               
,a dead calm rested on take bay1--      
,the waves to sleep had gone2           
,when little ,hal1 the ,captain's son1  
,a lad both brave and good1             
,in sport1 up shroud and rigging ran1   
,and on the main truck stood6           
,a shudder shot through every vein1--   
,all eyes were turned on high6          
,there stood the bop with dizzy brain1  
,between the sea and sky2               
,no hold had he above1 below2           
,alone he stood in air3                 

,to that far height none dared to go2-- 
,no aid could reach him there4          
,we gazed1--but not a man could speak6  
,with horror all aghast1                
,in groups1 with pallid brow and cheek1 
,we watched the quivering mast4         
,the atmosphere grew thick and hot1     
,and of a lurid hue2--                  
,as riveted unto the spot1              
,stood officers and crew4               
,the father came on deck3--he gasped1   
,oh ,god6 ,thy will be done6            
,then suddenly a rifle grasped1         
,and aimed it at his son3               
,jump1 far out1 boy into the wave6      
,jump1 or ,i fire6 he said2             
,that only chance your life can save6   
,jump1 jump1 boy6 ,he obeyed4           
,he sunk1 he rose1 he lived1--he        
moved1--                    ,and for the
 ship struck out4                    ,on
 board1 we hailed the lad beloved1      
,with many a manly shout4               
,his father drew1 in silent joy1        
,those wet arms round his neck--        

,then folded to his heart his boy1      
,and  fainted on the deck4              
,g4 ,p4 ,morris4                        
,,ccxxxv4                     ,,catiline
 ,,on ,,his ,,banishment ,,from ,,rome4 
,banished from ,rome6 ,what's banished1 
but set free1               ,from daily 
contact of the things ,i loathe8        
,tried and convicted traitor6--,who says
 this8               ,who'll prove it1  
at his peril1 on my head8               
,banished8--,i thank you for 't4 ,it    
breaks my chain6               ,i held  
some slack allegiance till this hour2   
,but now my sword's my own4 ,smile on1  
my lords2               ,i scorn to     
count what feelings1 withered hopes1    
,strong provocations1 bitter1 burning   
wrongs1               ,i have within my 
heart's hot cells shut up1              
,to leave you in your lazy dignities4   
,but here ,i stand and scoff you3 here  
,i fling               ,hatred and full 
defiance in your face4                  
,your consul's merciful4 ,for this all  

thanks4               ,he dares not     
touch a hair of ,catiline4              
,traitor6 ,i go but ,i return4 ,this    
trial6--               ,here ,i devote  
your senate6 ,i've had wrongs1          
,to stir a fever in the blood of age1   
,or make the infant's sinews strong as  
steel4               ,this day's the    
birth of sorrows6--,this hour's work    
,will breed proscriptions4 ,look to your
 hearths1 my lords2               ,for  
there henceforth shall sit1 for         
household gods1               ,shapes   
hot from ,tartarus6--all shapes and     
crimes2               ,wan ,treachery1  
with his thirsty dagger drawn2          
,suspicion1 poisoning his brother's cup2
               ,naked ,rebellion1 with  
the torch and axe1               ,making
 his wild sport of your blazing thrones2
               ,till anarchy comes down 
on you like ,night1               ,and  
massacre seals ,rome's eternal grave6   
,g4 ,croly4                             
,,ccxxxvi4                              

,,apostrophe ,,to ,,the ,,ocean4        
,there is a pleasure in the pathless    
woods1               ,there is a rapture
 on the lonely shore1                   
,there is society where none intrudes1  
,by the deep sea1 and music in its roar2
               ,i love not ,man the     
less1 but ,nature more1                 
,from these our interviews1 in which ,i 
steal               ,from all ,i may be 
or have been before1               ,to  
mingle with the ,universe and feel      
,what ,i can ne'er express1 yet cannot  
all conceal4                ,roll on1   
thou deep and dark blue ocean--roll6    
,ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in 
vain2               ,man marks the earth
 with ruin--his control                 
,stops with the shore6--upon the watery 
plain               ,the wrecks are all 
thy deed1 nor doth remain               
,a shadow of man's ravage1 save his own1
               ,when1 for a moment1 like
 a drop of rain1               ,he sinks
 into thy depths with bubbling groan1   

,without a grave1 unknelled1 uncoffined1
 and unknown4                ,his steps 
are not upon thy paths1--thy fields     
,are not a spoil for him1--thou dost    
arise               ,and shake him from 
thee2 the vile strength he wields       
,for earth's destruction1 thou dost all 
despise1               ,spurning him    
from thy bosom to the skies1            
,and send'st him1 shivering in thy      
playful spray               ,and        
howling1 to his gods1 where haply lies  
,his petty hope in some near port or    
bay1               ,and dashest him     
again to earth3--there let him lay4     
,the armaments which thunderstrike the  
walls               ,of rock-built      
cities1 bidding nations quake1          
,and monarchs tremble in their capitals1
               ,the oak leviathans1     
whose huge ribs make                    
,their clay creator the vain title take 
,of lord of thee1 and arbiter of war2   
,these are thy toys1 and1 as the snowy  
flake1               ,they melt into the

 yeast of waves1 which mar              
,alike the ,armada's pride1 or spoils of
 ,trafalgar4                ,thy shores 
are empires1 changed in all save thee-- 
,assyria1 ,greece1 ,rome1 ,carthage1    
what are they8               ,thy watery
 wasted them while they were free1      
,and many a tyrant since2 their shores  
obey               ,the stranger1 slave 
or savage2 their decay                  
,has dried up realms to deserts3--not so
 thou1               ,unchangeable save 
to thy wild waves' play--               
,time writes no wrinkle on thy azure    
brow--               ,such as creation's
 dawn beheld1 thou rollest now4         
,thou glorious mirror1 where the        
,almighty's form               ,glasses 
itself in tempests3 in all time1        
,calm or convulsed--in breeze1 or gale  
or storm1               ,icing the pole1
 or in the torrid clime                 
,dark-heaving2--boundless1 endless1 and 
sublime--               ,the image of   
,eternity--the throne               ,of 

the ,invisible2 even from out thy slime 
,the monsters of the deep are made2 each
 zone               ,obeys thee2 thou   
goest forth1 dread1 fathomless1 alone4  
,lord ,byron4                           
,,ccxxxvii4                             
,,battle ,,of ,,waterloo4               
,there was a sound of revelry by night2 
,and ,belgium's capital had gathered    
then          ,her ,beauty and her      
,chivalry2 and bright          ,the     
lamps shone o'er fair women and brave   
men2          ,a thousand hearts beat   
happily2 and when          ,music arose 
with its voluptuous swell1              
,soft eyes looked love to eyes which    
spake again1          ,and all went     
merry as a marriage bell2--             
,but hush6 hark6 a deep sound strikes   
like a rising knell6           ,did ye  
not hear it8--,no3 't was but the wind1 
,or the car rattling o'er the stony     
street3          ,on with the dance6 let
 joy be unconfined2          ,no sleep  
till morn1 when ,youth and ,pleasure    

meet          ,to chase the glowing     
,hours with flying feet--          ,but1
 hark6--that heavy sound breaks in once 
more1          ,as if the clouds its    
echo would repeat2          ,and nearer1
 clearer1 deadlier than before6         
,arm6 ,arm6 it is--it is--the cannon's  
opening roar6           ,ah6 then and   
there was hurrying to and fro1          
,and gathering tears1 and crumblings of 
distress1          ,and cheeks all pale1
 which but an hour ago          ,blushed
 at the praise of their own loveliness2 
,and there were sudden partings1 such as
 press          ,the life from out young
 hearts1 and choking sighs              
,which never might be repeated4 ,who    
could guess          ,if ever more      
should meet those mutual eyes1          
,since upon night so sweet such awful   
morn could rise8           ,and there   
was mounting in hot haste3 the steed1   
,the mustering squadron1 and the        
clattering car1          ,went pouring  
forward with impetuous speed1           

,and swiftly forming in the ranks of    
war2          ,and the deep thunder1    
peal on peal1 afar--          ,and near1
 the beat of the alarming drum1         
,roused up the soldier ere the morning  
star2--          ,while thronged the    
citizens with terror dumb1          ,or 
whispering1 with white lips--,the foe6  
they come6 they come6           ,and    
wild and high the ,cameron's gathering  
rose6          ,the war-note of         
,lochiel1 which ,albyn's hills          
,have heard--and heard1 too1 have her   
,saxon foes3--          ,how in the noon
 of night that pibroch thrills1         
,savage and shrill6 ,but with the breath
 which fills          ,their            
mountain-pipe1 so fill the mountaineers 
,with the fierce native daring1 which   
instils          ,the stirring memory of
 a thousand years3          ,and        
,evan's1 ,donald's fame rings in each   
clansman's ears6           ,and         
,ardennes waves above them her green    
leaves1          ,dewy with ,nature's   

tear-drops1 as they pass1               
,grieving1 if aught inanimate e'er      
grieves1--          ,over the           
unreasoning brave1--alas6          ,ere 
evening to be trodden like the grass    
,which now beneath them1 but above shall
 grow1          ,in its next verdure2   
when this fiery mass          ,of living
 valor1 rolling on the foe1             
,and burning with high hope1 shall      
moulder cold and low6           ,last   
noon beheld them full of lusty life2    
,last eve in ,beauty's circle proudly   
gay2          ,the midnight brought the 
signal-sound of strife2          ,the   
morn1 the marshalling in arms2 the day1 
,battle's magnificently-stern array6    
,the thunder-clouds close o'er it1 which
 when rent1          ,the earth is      
covered thick with other clay1          
,which her own clay shall cover1--heaped
 and pent1          ,rider and          
horse1--friend1 foe1--in one red burial 
blent6                                  
,lord ,byron4                           

,,ccxxxviii4                            
,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,sennacherib4 
,the ,assyrian came down like the wolf  
on the fold1               ,and his     
cohorts were gleaming in purple and     
gold2               ,and the sheen of   
their spears was like stars on the sea1 
,when the blue wave rolls nightly on    
deep ,galilee4                ,like the 
leaves of the forest when ,summer is    
green1               ,that host with    
their banners at sunset were seen3      
,like the leaves of the forest when     
,autumn hath blown1               ,that 
host on the morrow lay withered and     
strewn4                ,for the ,angel  
of ,death spread his wings on the blast1
               ,and breathed in the face
 of the foe as he pass'd2               
,and the eyes of the sleepers waxed     
deadly and chill1               ,and    
their hearts but once heaved1 and       
forever grew still4                ,and 
there lay the steed with his nostril all
 wide1               ,but through it    

there rolled not the breath of his      
pride2               ,and the foam of   
his gasping lay white on the turf1      
,and cold as the spray of the           
rock-beating surf4                ,and  
there lay the rider distorted and pale1 
,with the dew on his brow1 and the rust 
on his mail2               ,and the     
tents were all silent1 the banners      
alone1               ,the lances        
uplifted1 the trumpet unknown4          
,and the widows of ,ashur are loud in   
their wail1               ,and the idols
 are broke in the temple of ,baal2      
,and the might of the ,gentile1 unsmote 
by the sword1               ,hath melted
 like snow in the glance of the ,lord6  
,lord ,byron4                           
,,ccxxxix4                              
,,speech ,,of ,,moloch4                 
,my sentence is for open war4 ,of wiles1
               ,more inexpert1 ,i boast 
not2 them let those                     
,contrive who need1 or when they need1  
not now2               ,for1 while they 

sit contriving1 shall the rest1         
,millions that stand in arms1 and       
longing wait               ,the signal  
to ascend1 sit lingering here1          
,heaven's fugitives1 and for their      
dwelling-place               ,accept    
this dark1 opprobrious den of shame1    
,the prison of his tyranny1 who reigns  
,by our delay8 ,no2 let us rather       
choose1               ,armed with       
hell-flames and fury1 all at once1      
,o'er heaven's high towers to force     
resistless way1               ,turning  
our tortures into horrid arms           
,against the torturer2 when1 to meet the
 noise               ,of his almighty   
engine1 he shall hear                   
,infernal thunder1 and for lightning1   
see               ,black fire and horror
 shot with equal rage                   
,among his angels1--and his throne      
itself1               ,mixed with       
,tartarean sulphur and strange fire1    
,his own invented torments4             
,but1 perhaps1               ,the way   

seems difficult and steep to scale1     
,with upright wing1 against a higher    
foe4               ,let such bethink    
them1 if the sleepy drench              
,of that forgetful lake benumb not      
still1               ,that in our proper
 motion we ascend               ,up to  
our native seat2 descent and fall       
,to us adverse4 ,who but felt of late1  
,when the fierce foe hung on our broken 
rear               ,insulting1 and      
pursued us through the deep1            
,with what compulsion and laborious     
flight1               ,we sunk thus low8
 ,the ascent is easy then2              
,the event is feared4                   
,should we again provoke                
,our stronger1 some worse way his wrath 
may find               ,to our          
destruction2 if there be in hell1       
,fear to be worse destroyed4 ,what can  
be worse               ,than to dwell   
here1 driven out from bliss1 condemned  
,in this abhorred deep to utter woe2    
,where pain of unextinguishable fire    

,must exercise us without hope of end1  
,the vassals of his anger1 when the     
scourge               ,inexorable1 and  
the torturing hour               ,calls 
us to penance8 ,more destroyed than thus
               ,we should be quite      
abolished and expire4                   
,what fear we then8 what doubt we to    
incense               ,his utmost ire8  
which to the height enraged1            
,will either quite consume us1 and      
reduce               ,to nothing this   
essential 7happier far1                 
,than miserable1 to have eternal being17
               ,or1 if our substance be 
indeed divine1               ,and cannot
 cease to be1 we are at worst           
,on this side nothing2 and by proof we  
feel               ,our power sufficient
 to disturb his heaven1                 
,and with perpetual inroads to alarm1   
,though inaccessible1 his fatal throne2 
,which1 if not victory--is yet ,revenge4
                                        
,milton4                                

,,ccxl4                                 
,,antony',s ,,address ,,to ,,the        
,,romans4                ,friends1      
,romans1 countrymen1 lend me your ears3 
,i come to bury ,csar1 not to praise    
him4               ,the evil that men do
 lives after them2               ,the   
good is oft interrd with their bones3   
,so let it be with ,csar1 ,the noble    
,brutus               ,hath told you1   
,csar1 was ambitious3               ,if 
it were so1 it was a grievous fault1    
,and grievously hath ,csar1 answered it4
               ,here1 under leave of    
,brutus1 and the rest1                  
7,for ,brutus is an honorable man2      
,so are they all1 all honorable men71   
,come ,i to speak in ,csar's funeral4   
,he was my friend1 faithful and just to 
me3               ,but ,brutus says he  
was ambitious1               ,and       
,brutus is an honorable man4            
,he hath brought many captives home to  
,rome1               ,whose ransoms did 
the general coffers fill3               

,did this in ,csar1 seem ambitious8     
,when that the poor have cried1 ,csar1  
hath wept3               ,ambition      
should be made of sterner stuff3        
,yet ,brutus says he was ambitious1     
,and ,brutus is an honorable man4       
,you all did see1 that1 on the          
,lupercal1               ,i thrice      
presented him a kingly crown1           
,which he did thrice refuse4 ,was this  
ambition8               ,yet ,brutus    
says he was ambitious1                  
,and1 sure1 he is an honorable man4     
,i speak not to disprove what ,brutus   
spoke1               ,but here ,i am to 
speak what ,i do know4                  
,you all did love him once1 not without 
cause3               ,what cause        
withholds you then to mourn for him8    
,o judgment1 thou art fled to brutish   
beasts1               ,and men have lost
 their reason6 ,bear with me3           
,my heart is in the coffin there with   
,csar1               ,and ,i must pause 
till it come back to me4                

,but yesterday the word of ,csar1 might 
,have stood against the world2 now lies 
he there1               ,and none so    
poor to do him reverence4               
,o ,masters6 if ,i were disposed to stir
               ,your hearts and minds to
 mutiny and rage1               ,i      
should do ,brutus wrong1 and ,cassius   
wrong1               ,who1 you all know1
 are honorable men4               ,i    
will not do them wrong2 ,i rather choose
               ,to wrong the dead1 to   
wrong myself and you1                   
,than ,i will wrong such honorable men3 
,but here's a parchment1 with the seal  
of ,csar1--               ,i found it in
 his closet2 't is his will4            
,let but the commons hear this testament
               7,which1 pardon me1 ,i do
 not mean to read71               ,and  
they1 would go and kiss dead ,csar's1   
wounds1               ,and dip their    
napkins in his sacred blood2            
,yea1 beg a hair of him for memory1     
,and1 dying1 mention it within their    

wills1               ,bequeathing it1 as
 a rich legacy1               ,unto     
their issue4--                ,if you   
have tears1 prepare to shed them now4   
,you all do know this mantle2 ,i        
remember               ,the first time  
ever ,csar1 ever put it on2             
',t was on a summer's evening in his    
tent2               ,that day he        
overcame the ,nervii4--                 
,look6 ,in this place ran ,cassius's    
dagger through3               ,see what 
a rent the envious ,casca made3         
,through this1 the well-belovd ,brutus  
stabbed2               ,and as he       
plucked his cursd steel away1           
,mark1 how the blood of ,csar1 followed 
it6--               ,this was the most  
unkindest cut of all6               ,for
 when the noble ,csar1 saw him stab1    
,ingratitude1 more strong than traitors'
 arms1               ,quite vanquished  
him6 ,then burst his mighty heart2      
,and1 in his mantle muffling up his     
face1               ,even at the base of

 ,pompey's statue1               ,which 
all the while ran blood1 great ,csar1   
fell4               ,o1 what a fall was 
there1 my countrymen6                   
,then ,i and you1 and all of us1 fell   
down1               ,whilst bloody      
treason flourished over us4             
,o1 now you weep2 and ,i perceive you   
feel                ,the dint of        
pity3--these are gracious drops4        
,kind souls6 what1 weep you when you but
 behold               ,our ,csar1       
vesture wounded8 ,look ye here6         
,here is himself--marred1 as you see1 by
 traitors4               ,good friends1 
sweet friends1 let me not stir you up   
,to such a sudden flood of mutiny6      
,they that have done this deed are      
honorable6               ,what private  
griefs they have1 alas1 ,i know not1    
,that made them do it6 ,they are wise   
and honorable1               ,and will1 
no doubt1 with reasons answer you4      
,i come not1 friends1 to steal away your
 hearts3               ,i am no orator1 

as ,brutus is2               ,but as you
 all know me1 a plain1 blunt man1       
,that love my friend2 and that they know
 full well               ,that gave me  
public leave to speak of him4           
,for ,i have neither wit1 nor words1 nor
 worth1               ,action1 nor      
utterance1 nor the power of speech1     
,to stir men's blood3--,i only speak    
right on2               ,i tell you that
 which you yourselves do know2          
,show you sweet ,csar's wounds1 poor1   
poor1 dumb mouths1               ,and   
bid them speak for me4 ,but1 were ,i    
,brutus1               ,and ,brutus1    
,antony1 there were an ,antony1         
,would ruffle up your spirits1 and put a
 tongue               ,in every wound of
 ,csar1 that should move                
,the stones of ,rome to rise and mutiny6
                                        
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxli4                                
,,hamlets ,,soliloquy4                  
,to be1--or not to be2--that is the     

question3--               ,whether 't is
 nobler in the mind1 to suffer          
,the slings and arrows of outrageous    
,fortune2               ,or to take arms
 against a sea of troubles1             
,and1 by opposing1 end them8--,to       
die1--to sleep1--               ,no     
more2 and1 by a sleep1 to say we end    
,the heartache1 and the thousand natural
 shocks               ,that flesh is    
heir to1--'t is a consummation          
,devoutly to be wished4 ,to die1--to    
sleep2--               ,to sleep6       
perchance to dream2--ay1 there's the    
rub2               ,for in that sleep of
 death what dreams may come1            
,when we have shuffled off this mortal  
coil1               ,must give us pause4
 ,there's the respect                   
,that makes calamity of so long life2   
,for who would bear the whips and scorns
 of time1               ,the oppressor's
 wrong1 the proud man's contumely1      
,the pangs of despisd love1 the law's   
delay1               ,the insolence of  

office1 and the spurns                  
,that patient merit of the unworthy     
takes1               ,when he himself   
might his quietus make                  
,with a bare bodkin8 ,who would fardels 
bear1               ,to grunt and sweat 
under a weary life2               ,but  
that the dread of something after       
death1--               ,the undiscovered
 country1 from whose bourn              
,no traveller returns1--puzzles the     
will1               ,and makes us rather
 bear those ills we have1               
,than fly to others that we know not of8
               ,thus conscience does    
make cowards of us all2                 
,and thus the native hue of resolution  
,is sicklied o'er with pale cast of     
thought2               ,and enterprises 
of great pith and moment1               
with this regard1 their currents turn   
awry1               ,and lose the name  
of action4                              
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxlii4                               

,,soliloquy ,,of ,,hamlet',s ,,uncle4   
,oh6 my offence is rank2 it smells to   
heaven2               ,it hath the      
primal1 eldest curse upon 't1           
,a brother's murder6 ,pray ,i cannot1   
,though inclination be as sharp as 't   
will3               ,my  stronger guilt 
defeats my strong intent2               
,and like a man to double business      
bound1               ,i stand in pause  
where ,i shall first begin1             
,and both neglect4 ,what if this cursd  
hand               ,were thicker than   
itself with brother's blood2            
,is there not rain enough in the sweet  
heavens               ,to wash it white 
as snow8 ,whereto serves mercy1         
,but to confront the visage of offence8 
,and what's in prayer1 but this twofold 
force1--               ,to be           
forestalled1 ere we come to fall1       
,or pardoned being down8 ,then ,i'll    
look up2               ,my fault is     
past4--,but1 ,o1 what form of prayer    
,can serve my turn8 ,forgive me my foul 

murder6               ,that cannot be2  
since ,i am still possessed             
,of those effects for which ,i did the  
murder1--               ,my crown1 mine 
own ambition1 and my queen4             
,may one be pardoned1 and retain the    
offence8               ,in the corrupted
 currents of this world1                
,offence's gilded hand may shove by     
justice2               ,and oft 't is   
seen1 the wicked prize itself           
,buys out the law3 but 't is not so     
above2               ,there is no       
shuffling2 there the action lies        
,in his true nature2 and we ourselves   
compell'd1               ,even to the   
teeth and forehead of our faults1       
,to give in evidence4 ,what then8 ,what 
rests8               ,try what          
repentance can3 what can it not8        
,yet what can it1 when one can not      
repent8               ,o wretched state6
 ,o bosom1 black as death6              
,o limed soul1 that1 struggling to be   
free1               ,art more engag'd6  

,help1 angels6 make assay6              
,bow1 stubborn knees2 and1 heart1 with  
strings of steel1               ,be soft
 as sinews of the new-born babe6        
,all may be well4                       
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxliii4                              
,,perseverance ,,keeps ,,honor ,,bright4
                ,time  hath1 my lord1 a 
wallet at his back1                     
,wherein he puts alms for oblivion1     
,a great-sized monster of ingratitudes4 
,those scraps are good deeds past1 which
 are devoured               ,as fast as 
they are made1 forgot as soon           
,as done1 ,perseverance1 dear my lord1  
,keeps honor bright4 ,to have done1 is  
to hang               ,quite out of     
fashion1 like a rusty mail              
,in monumental mockery4 ,take the       
instant way2               ,for ,honor  
travels in a strait so narrow1          
,where one but goes abreast3 keep then  
the path2               ,for ,emulation 
hath a thousand sons1                   

,that one by one pursue3 if you give    
way1               ,or hedge aside from 
the direct forthright1                  
,like to an entered tide1 they all rush 
by1               ,and leave you        
hindmost2--               ,or1 like a   
gallant horse fallen in first rank1     
,lie there for pavement to the abject   
rear1               ,o'errun and        
trampled on4 ,then what they do in      
present1               ,though less than
 yours in past1 must o'ertop yours3     
,for ,time is like a fashionable host1  
,that slightly shakes his parting guest 
by the hand2               ,and with his
 arms outstretched1 as he would fly1    
,grasps-in the comer3 ,welcome ever     
smiles1               ,and ,farewell    
goes out sighing4 ,o1 let not ,virtue   
seek               ,remuneration for the
 thing it was2               ,for       
beauty1 wit1               ,high birth1 
vigor of bone1 desert in service1       
,love1 friendship1 alacrity1 are        
subjects all               ,to envious  

and calumniating ,time4                 
,one touch of ,nature makes the whole   
world kin1--               ,that all1   
with one consent1 praise new-born gauds1
               ,though they are made and
 moulded of things past2                
,and give to dust1 that is a little     
gilt1               ,more land than gilt
 o'erdusted4               ,the present 
eye praises the present object3         
,then marvel not1 thou great and        
complete man1               ,that all   
the ,greeks begin to worship ,ajax2     
,since things in motion sooner catch the
 eye               ,than what not stirs3
 ,the cry went once on thee1            
,and still it might1 and yet it may     
again1               ,if thou wouldst   
not entomb thyself alive1               
,and case thy reputation in thy tent2   
,whose glorious deeds1 did but in these 
fields of late1               ,made     
emulous missions 'mongst the gods       
themselves1               ,and drave    
great ,mars to faction4                 

,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxliv4                               
,,macbeth',s ,,soliloquy4               
,is this a dagger1 which ,i see before  
me1               ,the handle toward my 
hand8 come1 let me clutch thee3--       
,i have thee not2 and yet ,i see thee   
still4               ,art thou not1     
fatal vision1 sensible               ,to
 feeling as to sight1 or art thou but   
,a dagger of the mind--a false creation1
               ,proceeding from the     
heat-oppressed brain8               ,i  
see thee yet1 in form as palpable       
,as this which now ,i draw4             
,thou marshal'st me the way that ,i was 
going2               ,and such an       
instrument ,i was to use4               
,mine eyes are made the fools o' the    
other senses1               ,or else    
worth all the rest3 ,i see thee still2  
,and on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of  
blood1               ,which was not so  
before4 ,there's no such thing3         
,it is the bloody business1 which       

informs               ,thus to mine     
eyes4--,know1 o'er the one half world   
,nature seems dead1 and wicked dreams   
abuse               ,the curtained      
sleep2 now ,witchcraft celebrates       
,pale ,hecate's offerings2 and withered 
,murder1               ,alarum'd by his 
sentinel1 the wolf1               ,whose
 howl's his watch1 thus with his        
stealthy pace1               ,with      
,tarquin's ravishing strides1 towards   
his design               ,moves like a  
ghost4 ,thou sure and firm-set earth1   
,hear not my steps1 which way they walk1
 for fear               ,thy very stones
 prate of my where-about1               
,and take the present horror from the   
time1               ,which now suits    
with it4 ,whiles ,i threat1 he lives2   
,words to the heat of deeds too cold    
breath gives4               ,i go1 and  
it is done2 the bell invites me4 ,a bell
 rings4               ,hear it not1     
,duncan2 for it is a knell1             
,that summons thee to heaven or to hell4

                                        
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxlv4                                
,,romeo ,,in ,,the ,,garden4            
,but soft6 what light through yonder    
window breaks8               ,it is the 
east1 and ,juliet is the sun6--         
,arise1 fair sun1 and kill the envious  
moon1               ,who is already sick
 and pale with grief1                   
,that thou her maid1 art far more fair  
than she4               ,be not her     
maid1 since she is envious3             
,her vestal livery is but sick and      
green1               ,and none but fools
 do wear it2 cast it off4               
,it is my lady3 ,o1 it is my love6      
,o1 that she knew she were6--           
,she speaks1 yet she says nothing3 what 
of that8               ,her eye         
discourses2 ,i will answer it4          
,i am too bold2 't is not to me she     
speaks3               ,two of the       
fairest stars in all the heaven1        
,having some business1 do entreat her   

eyes               ,to twinkle in their 
spheres till they return4               
,what if her eyes were there1 they in   
her head8               ,the brightness 
of her cheek would shame those stars1   
,as daylight doth a lamp2 her eye in    
heaven               ,would through the 
airy region stream so bright1           
,that birds would sing1 and think it    
were not night4               ,see how  
she leans her cheek upon her hand6      
,o1 that ,i were a glove upon that hand1
               ,that ,i might touch that
 cheek6               ,she speaks3--    
,o1 speak again1 bright angel6 for thou 
art               ,as glorious to this  
night1 being o'er my head1              
,as is a winged messenger of heaven     
,unto the white-upturned wondering eyes 
,of mortals1 that fall back to gaze on  
him1               ,when he bestrides   
the lazy-pacing clouds1                 
,and sails upon the bosom of the air4   
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxlvi4                               

,,polonius ,,to ,,laertes4              
,my blessing with you6                  
,and these few precepts in thy memory1  
,look thou character4 ,give thy thoughts
 no tongue1               ,nor any      
unproportioned thought his act4         
,be thou familiar1 but by no means      
vulgar3               ,the friends thou 
hast1 and their adoption tried1         
,grapple them to thy soul with hooks of 
steel2               ,but do not dull   
thy palm with entertainment             
,of each new-hatched1 unfledged comrade3
 beware               ,of entrance to a 
quarrel2 but1 being in1                 
,bear it1 that the opposed may beware of
 thee4               ,give every man    
thine ear1 but few thy voice2           
,take each man's censure1 but reserve   
thy judgment4               ,costly thy 
habit as thy purse can buy1             
,but not expressed in fancy2 rich not   
gaudy2               ,for the apparel   
oft proclaims the man2                  
,and they in ,france1 of the best rank  

and station1               ,are most    
select and generous chief in that4      
,neither a borrower nor a lender be2    
,for loan oft1 loses both itself and    
friend2               ,and borrowing    
dulls the edge of husbandry4            
,this above all1--to thine own self be  
true1               ,and it must follow1
 as the night the day1                  
,thou canst not then be false to any    
man6                                    
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxlvii4                    ,,wolsey1 
,,on ,,being ,,cast ,,off ,,by ,,the    
,,king4                ,nay1 then1      
farewell6               ,i have touched 
the highest point of all my greatness2  
,and1 from that full meridian of my     
glory               ,i haste now to my  
setting3 ,i shall fall                  
,like a bright exhalation in the        
evening1               ,and no man see  
me more4               ,farewell1 a long
 farewell1 to all my greatness6         
,this is the state of man3 to-day he    

puts forth               ,the tender    
leaves of hope2 to-morrow1 blossoms1    
,and bears his blushing honors thick    
upon him3               ,the third day  
comes a frost1 a killing frost2         
,and1 when he thinks1--good easy        
man1--full surely               ,his    
greatness is a ripening1--nips his root1
               ,and then he falls1 as ,i
 do4 ,i have ventured1                  
,like little wanton boys that swim on   
bladders1               ,these many     
summers in a sea of glory2              
,but far beyond my depth3 my high-blown 
pride               ,at length broke    
under me2 and now has left me1          
,weary and old with service1 to the     
mercy               ,of a rude stream1  
that must forever hide me4              
,vain pomp and glory of this world1 ,i  
hate ye6               ,i feel my heart 
new opened4 ,o1 how wretched            
,is that poor man that hangs on princes'
 favors6               ,there is1       
betwixt that smile he would aspire to1  

,that sweet aspect of princes1 and his  
ruin1               ,more pangs and     
fears than wars or women have4          
,and when he falls1 he falls like       
,lucifer1               ,never to hope  
again6                                  
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxlviii4                             
,,wolsey ,,to ,,cromwell4               
,cromwell1 ,i did not think to shed a   
tear               ,in all my miseries2 
but thou hast forced me                 
,out of thy honest truth1 to play the   
woman4               ,let's dry our     
eyes3 and thus far hear me1 ,cromwell2  
,and1 when ,i am forgotten1 as ,i shall 
be1               ,and sleep in dull    
cold marble1 where no mention           
,of me more must be heard of1--say1 ,i  
taught thee1--               ,say1      
,wolsey1--that once trod the ways of    
glory1               ,and sounded all   
the depths and shoals of honor1--       
,found thee away1 out of his wreck1 to  
rise in2               ,a sure and safe 

one1 though thy master missed it4--     
,mark but my fall1 and that which ruined
 me6               ,cromwell1 ,i charge 
thee1 fling away ambition6              
,by that sin fell the angels3 how can   
man1 then1               ,the image of  
his ,maker1 hope to win by 't8          
,love thyself last2 cherish those hearts
 that hate thee3                        
,corruption wins not more than honesty2 
,still in thy right hand carry gentle   
peace1               ,to silence envious
 tongues4 ,be just1 and fear not4       
,let all the ends thou aim'st at1 be thy
 country's1               ,thy ,god's1  
and truth's2 then if thou fallest1 ,o   
,cromwell1               ,thou fallest a
 blessd martyr6 ,serve the king2        
,and--,prithee1 lead me in3             
,there1 take an inventory of all ,i     
have1               ,to the last penny2 
't is the king's2 my robe1              
,and my integrity to ,heaven1 is all    
,i dare now call mine own4 ,o ,cromwell1
 ,cromwell6               ,had ,i but   

served my ,god with half the zeal       
,i served my king1 ,he would not1 in    
mine age1               ,have left me   
naked to mine enemies6                  
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccxlix4                  ,,griffith',s
 ,,description ,,of ,,cardinal ,,wolsey4
                ,men's evil manners live
 in brass2 their virtues                
,we write in water4 ,may it please your 
highness               ,to hear me speak
 his good now8 ,this ,cardinal1         
,though from an humble stock1           
undoubtedly               ,was fashioned
 to much honor4 ,from his cradle1       
,he was a scholar1 and a ripe and good  
one3               ,exceeding wise1 fair
 spoken1 and persuading2                
,lofty and sour to them that lov'd him  
not1               ,but to those men    
that sought him1 sweet as summer2       
,and though he were unsatisfied in      
getting1               7,which was a    
sin71 yet in bestowing1 madam1          
,he was most princely2 ever witness for 

him               ,those twins of       
learning that he raised in you1         
,ipswich and ,oxford6 one of which fell 
with him1               ,unwilling to   
outlive the good he did it2             
,the other1 though unfinish'd1 yet so   
famous1               ,so excellent in  
art1 and still so rising1               
,that ,christendom shall ever speak his 
virtue4               ,his overthrow    
heaped happiness upon him2              
,for then and not till then1 he felt    
himself1               ,and found the   
blessedness of being little3            
,and to add greater honors to his age   
,than man could give him1 he died       
fearing ,god4                           
,shakespeare4                           
,,book ,,second4                        
,,recent ,,selections                   
,,for                                   
,,recitation ,,and ,,declamation        
,,in ,,prose ,,and ,,poetry4            
,,book ,,second4                        
,,recent ,,selections4                  

,,prose4                                
,,ccl4                          ,,the   
,,orators ,,of ,,revolutions4  ,and then
 and thus comes the orator of that time1
 kindling with their fire2 sympathizing 
with that great beating heart2          
penetrated1 not subdued2 lifted up      
rather by a sublime and rare moment of  
history made real to his consciousness2 
charged with the very mission of life1  
yet unassured whether they will hear or 
will forbear2 transcendent good within  
their grasp1 yet a possibility that the 
fatal and critical opportunity of       
salvation will be wasted2 the last evil 
of nations and of men overhanging1 yet  
the siren song of peace--peace when     
there is no peace--chanted madly by some
 voice of sloth or fear1--there and thus
 the orators of revolutions come to work
 their work6 ,and what then is demanded1
 and how it is to be done1 you all see2 
and that in some of the characteristics 
of their eloquence they must all be     
alike4 ,actions1 not law or policy3     

whose growth and fruits are to be slowly
 evolved by time and calm2 actions      
daring1 doubtful but instant2 the new   
things of a new world1--these are what  
the speaker counsels2 large1 elementary1
 gorgeous ideas of right1 of equality1  
of independence1 of liberty1 of progress
 through convulsion1--these are the     
principles from which he reasons1 when  
he reasons1--these are the pinions of   
the thought on which he soars and stays2
 and then the primeval and              
indestructible sentiments of the breast 
of man1--his sense of right1 his        
estimation of himself1 his sense of     
honor1 his love of fame1 his triumph and
 his joy in the dear name of country1   
the trophies that tell of the past1 the 
hopes that gild and herald her          
dawn1--these are the springs of action  
to which he appeals1--these are the     
chords his fingers sweep1 and from which
 he draws out the troubled music1 solemn
 as death1 serene as the undying        
confidence of patriotism1 to which he   

would have the battalions of the people 
march6 ,directness1 plainness1 a narrow 
range of topics1 few details1 few but   
grand ideas1 a headlong tide of         
sentiment and feeling2 vehement1        
indignant1 and reproachful              
reasonings1--winged general maxims of   
wisdom and life2 an example from        
,plutarch2 a pregnant sentence of       
,tacitus2 thoughts going forth as       
ministers of nature in robes of light1  
and with arms in their hands2 thoughts  
that breathe and words that burn1--these
 vaguely1 approximately1 express the    
general type of all this speech4        
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,ccli4                         ,,the   
,,eloquence ,,of ,,revolutions  ,the    
capital peculiarity of the eloquence of 
all times of revolution1 is that the    
actions it persuades to are the highest 
and most heroic which men can do1 and   
the passions it would inspire1 in order 
to persuade to them1 are the most lofty 
which man can feel4 ,high actions and   

high passions--such are ,milton's words1
 high actions through and by high       
passions2 these are the end and these   
the means of the orator of the          
revolution4 ,hence are his topics large1
 simple1 intelligible1 affecting4 ,hence
 are his views broad1 impressive1       
popular2 no trivial details1 no         
wire-woven developments1 no subtle      
distinctions and drawing of fine lines  
about the boundaries of ideas1 no       
speculation1 no ingenuity2 all is       
elemental1 comprehensive1 intense1      
practical1 unqualified1 undoubting4 ,it 
is not of the small things of minor and 
instrumental politics he comes to speak1
 or men come to hear4 ,it is not to     
speak or to hear about permitting an    
,athenian citizen to change his tribe2  
about permitting the ,roman knights to  
have jurisdiction of trials equally with
 the ,senate2 it is not about allowing a
 #aj householder to vote for a member of
 ,parliament2 about duties on indigo1 or
 onion-seed1 or even tea4               

,that strain you hear is of an higher   
mood4  ,it is the rallying-cry of       
patriotism1 of liberty1 in the sublimest
 crisis of the ,state1--of man4 ,it is a
 deliberation of empire1 of glory1 of   
existence1 on which they come together4 
,to be or not to be1 that is the        
question4 ,shall the children of the men
 of ,marathon become slaves of ,philip8 
,shall the majesty of the ,senate and   
people of ,rome stoop to wear the chains
 forging by the military executors of   
the will of ,julius ,csar8 ,shall the   
assembled representatives of ,france1   
just waking from her sleep of ages to   
claim the rights of man1--shall they    
disperse1 their work undone1 their work 
just commencing2 and shall they disperse
 at the order of the king8 or shall the 
messenger be bid to go1 in the          
thunder-tones of ,mirabeau1--and tell   
his master that we sit here to do the   
will of our constituents1 and that we   
will not be moved from those seats but  
by the point of the bayonet8 ,shall     

,ireland bound upward from her long     
prostration1 and cast from her the last 
links of the ,british chain1 and shall  
she advance from injuries to arms1 from 
arms to liberty1 from liberty to glory8 
,shall the thirteen ,colonies become1   
and be free and independent ,states1 and
 come unabashed1 unterrified1 an equal1 
into the majestic assembly of the       
nations8  ,these are the thoughts with  
which all bosoms are distended and      
oppressed4 ,filled with these1 and with 
these flashing in every eye1 swelling   
every heart1 pervading electric all     
ages1 all orders1 like a visitation1 an 
unquenchable public fire1 men come      
together1--the thousands of ,athens     
around the ,bema1 or in the ,temple of  
,dionysus1--the people of ,rome in the  
forum1 the ,senate in that              
council-chamber of the world1--the      
masses of ,france1 as the spring-tide1  
into her gardens of the ,tuileries1 her 
club-rooms1 her hall of the             
convention1--the representatives1 the   

genius1 the grace1 the beauty of        
,ireland into the ,tuscan ,gallery of   
her ,house of ,commons1--the delegates  
of the ,colonies into the ,hall of      
,independence at ,philadelphia1--thus   
men come in an hour of revolution1 to   
hang upon the lips from which they hope1
 they need1 they demand1 to hear the    
things which belong to their national   
salvation1 hungering for the bread of   
life4                                   
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,cclii4                                
,,american ,,nationality4  ,by the side 
of all antagonisms1 higher than they1   
stronger than they1 there rises colossal
 the fine sweet spirit of nationality1  
the nationality of ,america6 ,see there 
the pillar of fire which ,god has       
kindled and lifted and moved for our    
hosts and our ages4 ,gaze on that1      
worship that1 worship the highest in    
that4 ,between that light and our eyes a
 cloud for a time may seem to gather2   
chariots1 armed men on foot1 the troops 

of kings may march on us1 and our fears 
may make us for a moment turn from it2 a
 sea may spread before us1 and waves    
seem to hedge us up2 dark idolatries may
 alienate some hearts for a season from 
that worship2 revolt1 rebellion1 may    
break out in the camp1 and the waters of
 our springs may run bitter to the taste
 and mock it2 between us and that       
,canaan a great river may seem to be    
rolling2 but beneath that high guidance 
our way is onward1 ever onward2 those   
waters shall part1 and stand on either  
hand in heaps2 that idolatry shall      
repent2 that rebellion shall be crushed2
 that stream shall be sweetened2 that   
overflowing river shall be passed on    
foot dryshod1 in harvest time2 and from 
that promised land of flocks1 fields1   
tents1 mountains1 coasts1 and ships1    
from north and south1 and east and west1
 there shall swell one cry yet1 of      
victory1 peace1 and thanksgiving6       
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,cclii4                                

,,the ,,same ,,continued4  ,think of    
this nationality first as a state of    
consciousness1 as a spring of feeling1  
as a motive to exertion1 as blessing    
your country1 and as reacting on you4   
,think of it as it fills your mind and  
quickens your heart1 and as it fills the
 mind and quickens the heart of millions
 around you4 ,instantly1 under such an  
influence1 you ascend above the smoke   
and stir of this small local strife2 you
 tread upon the high places of the earth
 and of history2 you think and feel as  
an ,american for ,america2 her power1   
her eminence1 her consideration1 her    
honor1 are yours2 your competitors1 like
 hers1 are kings2 your home1 like hers1 
is the world2 your path1 like hers1 is  
on the highway of empires2 our charge1  
her charge1 is of generations and ages2 
your record1 her record1 is of treaties1
 battles1 voyages1 beneath all the      
constellations2 her image1 one1         
immortal1 golden1 rises on your eye as  
our western star at evening rises on the

 traveller from his home2 no lowering   
cloud1 no angry river1 no lingering     
spring1 no broken crevasse1 no inundated
 city or plantation1 no tracts of sand1 
arid and burning1 on that surface1 but  
all blended and softened into one beam  
of kindred rays1 the image1 harbinger1  
and promiser of love1 hope1 and a       
brighter day6  ,but if you would        
contemplate nationality as an active    
virtue1 look around you4 ,is not our own
 history one witness and one record of  
what it can do8 ,this day and all which 
it stands for1--did it not give us      
these8 ,this glory of the fields of that
 war1 this eloquence of that revolution1
 this one wide sheet of flame which     
wrapped tyrant and tyranny and swept all
 that escaped from it away1 forever and 
forever2 the courage to fight1 to       
retreat1 to rally1 to advance1 to guard 
the young flag by the young arm and the 
young heart's blood1 to hold up and hold
 on till the magnificent consummation   
crowned the work1--were not all these   

imparted or inspired by this imperial   
sentiment8 ,has it not here begun the   
master-work of man1 the creation of a   
national life8 ,did it not call out that
 prodigious development of wisdom1 the  
wisdom of constructiveness which        
illustrated the years after the war1 and
 the framing and adopting of the        
,constitution8 ,has it not1 in general1 
contributed to the administering of that
 government wisely and well since8      
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,ccliv4                                
,,the ,,same ,,concluded4  ,look at it6 
,it has kindled us to no aims of        
conquest4 ,it has involved us in no     
entangling alliances4 ,it has kept our  
neutrality dignified and just4 ,the     
victories of peace have been our prized 
victories4 ,but the larger and truer    
grandeur of the nations1 for which they 
are created1 and for which they must one
 day1 before some tribunal1 give an     
account1 what a measure of these it has 
enabled us already to fulfil6 ,it has   

lifted us to the throne1 and has set on 
our brow the name of the ,great         
,republic4 ,it has taught us to demand  
nothing wrong1 and to submit to nothing 
wrong2 it has made our diplomacy        
sagacious1 wary1 accomplished2 it has   
opened the iron gate of the mountains   
and planted our ensign on the great1    
tranquil sea4  ,it has made the desert  
to bud and blossom as the rose2 it has  
quickened to life the giant brood of    
useful arts2 it has whitened lake and   
ocean with the sails of a daring1 new1  
and lawful trade2 it has extended to    
exiles1 flying as clouds1 the asylum of 
our better liberty4  ,it has kept us at 
rest within all our borders2 it has     
repressed without blood the intemperance
 of local insubordination2 it has       
scattered the seeds of liberty1 under   
law and under order1 broadcast2 it has  
seen and helped ,american feeling to    
swell into a fuller flood2 from many a  
field and many a deck1 though it seeks  
not war1 makes not war1 and fears not   

war1 it has borne the radiant flag1 all 
unstained2 it has opened our age of     
lettered glory2 it has opened and       
honored the age of the industry of the  
people6                                 
,r4 ,choate4                            
,,cclv4                                 
,,the ,,national ,,ensign4  ,sir1 ,i    
must detain you no longer4 ,i have said 
enough1 and more than enough1 to        
manifest the spirit in which this flag  
is now committed to your charge4 ,it is 
the national ensign1 pure and simple2   
dearer to all our hearts at this moment1
 as we lift it to the gale1 and see no  
other sign of hope upon the storm-cloud 
which rolls and rattles above it1 save  
that which is reflected from its own    
radiant hues2 dearer1 a thousand-fold   
dearer to us all1 than ever it was      
before1 while gilded by the sunshine of 
prosperity and playing with the zephyrs 
of peace4 ,it will speak for itself far 
more eloquently than ,i can speak for   
it4  ,behold it6 ,listen to it6 ,every  

star has a tongue2 every stripe is      
articulate4 ,there is no language or    
speech where their voices are not heard4
 ,there's magic in the web of it4 ,it   
has an answer for every question of     
duty4 ,it has a solution for every doubt
 and perplexity4 ,it has a word of good 
cheer for every hour of gloom or of     
despondency4  ,behold it6 ,listen to it6
 ,it speaks of earlier and of later     
struggles4 ,it speaks of victories1 and 
sometimes of reverses1 on the sea and on
 the land4 ,it speaks of patriots and   
heroes among the living and the dead3   
and of him1 the first and greatest of   
them all1 around whose consecrated ashes
 this unnatural and abhorrent strife has
 so long been raging--the abomination of
 desolation standing where it ought not4
 ,but before all and above all other    
associations and memories--whether of   
glorious men1 or glorious deeds1 or     
glorious places--its voice is ever of   
,union and ,liberty1 of the             
,constitution and the ,laws4  ,behold   

it6 ,listen to it6 ,let it tell the     
story of its birth to these gallant     
volunteers1 as they march beneath its   
folds by day1 or repose beneath its     
sentinel stars by night4 ,let it recall 
to them the strange1 eventful history of
 its rise and progress2 let it rehearse 
to them the wondrous tale of its trials 
and its triumphs1 in peace as well as in
 war2 and1 whatever else may happen to  
it or to them1 it will never be         
surrendered to rebels2 never be         
ignominiously struck to treason2 nor be 
prostituted to any unworthy or          
unchristian purpose of revenge1         
depredation1 or rapine4 ,and may a      
merciful ,god cover the head of each one
 of its brave defenders in the hour of  
battle4                                 
,r4 ,c4 ,winthrop4                      
,,cclvi4                                
,,the ,,cause4  ,union for the sake of  
the ,union2 our country1 our whole      
country1 and nothing but our            
country2--these are the mottoes1 old1   

stale1 hackneyed1 and threadbare as they
 may have seemed when employed as the   
watchwords of an electioneering         
campaign1 but clothed with a new power1 
a new significance1 a new gloss1 and a  
new glory1 when uttered as the          
battlecries of a nation struggling for  
existence2 these are the mottoes which  
can give a just and adequate expression 
to the ,cause in which you have         
enlisted4 ,sir1 ,i thank ,heaven that   
the trumpet has given no uncertain      
sound1 while you have been preparing    
yourselves for the battle4  ,this is the
 ,cause which has been solemnly         
proclaimed by both branches of          
,congress1 in resolutions passed at the 
instance of those true-hearted sons of  
,tennessee and ,kentucky--,johnson and  
,crittenden--and which1 ,i rejoice to   
remember at this hour1 received your own
 official sanction as a ,senator of the 
,united ,states4  ,this is the ,cause   
which has been recognized and avowed by 
the ,president of the ,united ,states1  

with a frankness and fearlessness which 
have won the respect and admiration of  
all4  ,this is the ,cause which has been
 so fervently commended to us from the  
dying lips of a ,douglas1 and by the    
matchless living voices of a ,holt and  
an ,everett4  ,this is the ,cause in    
which the heroic ,anderson1 lifting his 
banner upon the wings of prayer1--and   
looking to the guidance and guardianship
 of the ,god in whom he trusted1 went   
through that fiery furnace unharmed1 and
 came forth1 not indeed without the     
smell of fire and smoke upon his        
garments1 but with an undimmed and      
undying lustre of piety and patriotism  
on his brow4  ,this is the ,cause in    
which the lamented ,lyon bequeathed all 
that he had of earthly treasure to his  
country1 and then laid down a life in   
her defense1 whose value no millions    
could measure4  ,this is the ,cause in  
which the veteran chief of our armies   
crowned with the laurels which          
,washington alone had worn before him1  

and renouncing all inferior allegiance  
at the loss of fortune and of friends1  
has tasked1 and is still tasking to the 
utmost the energies of a soul whose     
patriotism no age could chill4 ,this is 
the ,cause to which the young and noble 
,mc,clellan1 under whose lead it is your
 privilege to serve1 has brought that   
matchless combination of sagacity and   
science1 of endurance modesty1 caution1 
and courage1 which have made him the    
hope of the hour1 the bright particular 
star of our immediate destiny4  ,and    
this1 finally1 is the ,cause which has  
obliterated1 as no other cause could    
have done1 all divisions and distinction
 of party1 nationality1 and creed2 which
 has appealed alike to ,republican1     
,democrat1 and ,union ,whig1 to native  
citizen and to adopted citizen2 and in  
which not the sons of ,massachusetts or 
of ,new ,england or of the ,north alone1
 not the dwellers on the ,hudson1 the   
,delaware1 and the ,susquehanna only1   
but so many of those1 also1 on the      

,potomac and the ,ohio1 the ,mississippi
 and the ,missouri1 on all the lakes1   
and in all the vast ,mesopotamia of the 
mighty ,west--yes1 and strangers from   
beyond the seas1 ,irish and ,scotch1    
,german1 ,italian1 and ,french--the     
common emigrant and those who have stood
 nearest to a throne--brave and devoted 
men from almost every nation under      
heaven--men who have measured the value 
of our country to the world by a nobler 
standard than the cotton crop2 and who  
realize that other and momentous        
destinies are at stake upon our struggle
 than such as can be wrought upon any   
mere material looms and shuttles--all1  
all are seen rallying beneath a common  
flag1 and1 exclaiming with one heart and
 voice3 ,the ,american ,union--it must  
be1 and shall be preserved4             
,r4 ,c4  ,winthrop4                     
,,cclvii4                        ,,the  
,,assault ,,on ,,charles ,,sumner4  ,on 
the #bb;d of ,may1 when the ,senate and 
,house had clothed themselves in        

mourning for a brother fallen in the    
battle of life1 in the distant ,state of
 ,missouri1 the ,senator from           
,massachusetts sat in the silence of the
 ,senate chamber1 engaged in employments
 appertaining to his office1 when a     
member from this ,house1 who had taken  
an oath to sustain the ,constitution1   
stole into the ,senate1 that place which
 had hitherto been held sacred against  
violence1 and smote him as ,cain smote  
his brother4 ,one blow was enough2 but  
it did not satiate the wrath of that    
spirit which had pursued him through two
 days4 ,again1 and again1 and again1    
quicker and faster fell the leaden      
blows1 until he was torn away from his  
victim1 when the ,senator from          
,massachusetts fell into the arms of his
 friends1 and his blood ran down the    
floor of the ,senate4  ,sir1 the act was
 brief and my comments on it shall be   
brief also4 ,i denounce it in the name  
of the ,constitution which it violated4 
,i denounce it in the name of the       

sovereignty of ,massachusetts1 which was
 stricken down by the blow4 ,i denounce 
it in the name of humanity4 ,i denounce 
it in the name of civilization1 which it
 outraged4 ,i denounce it in the name of
 that fair play1 which bullies and      
prize-fighters respect4 ,what1 strike a 
man when he is pinioned1 when he cannot 
respond to a blow6 ,call you that       
chivalry8 ,in what code of honor did you
 get your authority for that8 ,god knows
 my heart4 ,i desire to speak with      
kindness4 ,i speak in no spirit of      
revenge4 ,i do not believe the member   
has a friend who must not in his heart  
of hearts condemn the act4 ,even the    
member himself--if he has left a spark  
of that chivalry and gallantry          
attributed to him--must loathe and scorn
 the act4 ,but much as ,i reprobate the 
act1 much more do ,i reprobate the      
conduct of those who stood by and saw   
the outrage perpetrated4 ,o1 magnanimous
 ,slidell6 ,o1 prudent ,douglas6 ,o1    
audacious ,toombs6  ,sir1 there are     

questions arising out of this1 which are
 far more important than those of a mere
 personal nature4 ,of these personal    
considerations ,i shall speak when the  
question comes properly before us1 if ,i
 am permitted to do so4 ,the higher     
question involves the very existence of 
the government itself4 ,if1 sir1 freedom
 of speech is not to remain to us1 what 
is the government worth8 ,if we from    
,massachusetts1 or any other            
,state1--senators or members of the     
,house1 are to be called to account by  
some gallant uncle1 when we utter       
something which does not suit their     
sensitive nature1 we desire to know it4 
,if the conflict is to be transferred   
from the peaceful1 intellectual field to
 one where1 it is said1 honors are easy 
and responsibilities equal1 then we     
desire to know it4 ,massachusetts1 if   
her sons and representatives are to have
 the rod held over them1--though she    
utters no threats1--may be called upon  
to withdraw them to her own bosom1 where

 she can furnish to them that protection
 which is not vouchsafed to them under  
the flag of their common country4 ,but  
while she permits us to remain1 we shall
 do our duty2 we shall speak whatever we
 choose to speak1 whatever we will1 and 
however we will1 regardless of the      
consequences4  ,sir1 the sons of        
,massachusetts are educated1 at the     
knees of their mothers1 in the doctrines
 of peace and good-will1 and ,god knows 
we desire to cultivate those            
feelings1--feelings of social kindness1 
and public kindness4  ,the ,house will  
bear witness that we have not violated  
or trespassed upon any of them2 but1    
sir1 if we are pushed too long and too  
far1 there are men from the old         
,commonwealth of ,massachusetts who will
 not shrink from a defence of freedom of
 speech1 and the ,state they represent3 
in any field where they may be assailed4
                                        
,a4 ,burlingame4                        
,,cclviii4                              

,,strength ,,of ,,the ,,government4  ,i 
know that ,i may be met at once by the  
objection that our general government   
is1 after all1 but a qualified and      
imperfect government4 ,i may be reminded
 that it was from ,massachusetts that   
the amendment came which expressly      
declares that all powers not given1 are 
withheld4 ,and then it may be asked1 is 
there not here a manifest division of   
sovereignty and of power1 and does not  
this show that much is wanting--that all
 which is retained at home is           
wanting--to constitute the full strength
 of a national government8 ,my answer is
 twofold4 ,first1 ,i say1 the national  
government has at this moment1 by force 
of the ,constitution1 all the           
strength--absolutely all--which it      
needs1 or could profitably use1 as a    
central national government4 ,i answer  
next1 that by the admirable provisions  
of our ,constitution1 the reserved      
powers of every ,state may be1 and1 so  
far as that ,state does its duty1 will  

be1 prepared and developed to their     
utmost efficiency1 and then imparted to 
the nation in its need4  ,do we want a  
proof and illustration of all this8     
,very recent events have supplied one1  
which history will not forget1 if we do4
 ,how happened it that1 a few weeks     
since1 when the general government      
seemed to be feeble1 and was in peril1  
and the demand--,i may as well say the  
cry for help came forth--why was it that
 ,massachusetts was the first to spring 
to the rescue8 ,why was it that she was 
able1 in four days from that in which   
this cry reached her1 to add a new glory
 to the day of ,lexington8 ,why was it  
that she could begin that offering of   
needed aid which has since poured itself
 in a full1 and swollen1 and rushing    
stream1 into the war power of the       
national government8 ,even as ,i ask the
 question1 the answer is in all your    
minds4 ,it is1 that ,massachusetts could
 do this because she had done her own   
duty beforehand4 ,she could do this     

because1 within her own bounds1 she had 
prepared and organized her own strength1
 and stood ready for the moment when she
 could place it in the outstretched     
hands of the government4 ,and other     
,states followed1 offering their        
contributions with no interval--with    
almost too little of delay2 with a haste
 which was sometimes precipitation2 with
 an importunate begging for             
acceptance--all of it yet far behind the
 earnest desire and demand of the people
 of these ,states1 until at length we   
stood before an astonished world the    
strongest government on the face of the 
earth4  ,stronger1 therefore1 for all   
the purposes to which our national      
government should apply its strengths   
stronger for all the good it can do and 
all the harm it can prevent1 that       
government is1 as it is now constructed1
 and because it is so constructed1 than 
it could be if it were the single1      
central1 consolidated power of other    
nations4 ,and it will show its strength1

 not by preventing all checks and       
reverses1 for that is impossible2 but1  
as ,i believe1 in prompt and thorough   
recovery from them4                     
,t4 ,parsons4                           
,,cclix4                                
,,the ,,higher ,,law4  ,in the whole    
political history of our own country1   
there has been no sin so atrocious as   
the repudiation of a higher than human  
law4 ,it is stark atheism2 for1 with the
 law1 this position virtually denies    
also the providence of ,god1 and makes  
men and nations sole arbiters of their  
own fortunes4 ,but the ,heavens do rule4
 ,if there be institutions or measures  
inconsistent with immutable rectitude1  
they are fostered only under the ban of 
a righteous ,god2 they inwrap the germs 
of their own harvest of shame1 disorder1
 vice1 and wretchedness2 nay1 their very
 prosperity is but the verdure and      
blossoming which shall mature the apples
 of ,sodom4 ,o1 how often have our      
legislators had reason to recall those  

pregnant words of ,jefferson1--sad      
indeed is it that they should have      
become almost too trite for repetition1 
without having worked their way into the
 national conscience1--,i tremble for my
 country1 when ,i consider that ,god is 
just6 ,the nations that have passed     
away1 the decaying nations1 the         
convulsed thrones1 the smouldering      
rebellion-fires of the ,old ,world1     
reveal the elements of national decline 
and ruin1 and hold out baleful signals  
over the career on which our republic is
 hurrying2 assuring us1 by the          
experience of all climes and ages1 that 
slavery1 the unprincipled lust of power 
and territory official corruption and   
venality1 aggressive war1 partisan      
legislation1 are but sowing the wind to 
reap the whirlwind4  ,our statesmen of  
the manifest destiny type seem to       
imagine oar country necessary to the    
designs of ,providence4 ,so thought the 
,hebrews1 and on far more plausible     
grounds1 of their commonwealth2 but1    

rather than fulfil to such degenerate   
descendants the promise made to their   
great ancestor1 ,god is able1 said the  
divine ,teacher4 of these stones to     
raise up children unto ,abraham4  ,our  
destiny must be evolved1 not from the   
blending of the world's noblest races in
 our ancestral stock2 not from a        
position in which we hold the keys of   
the world's commerce1 and can say to the
 ,north1 ,give up1 and to the ,south1   
,keep not back2 not from our capacity to
 absorb and assimilate immigrant        
millions4 ,destiny is but the concrete  
of character4 ,god needs no man or      
nation4 ,he will bring in the reign of  
everlasting righteousness2 and as a     
people1 we must stand or fall as we     
accept or spurn that reign4 ,brethren1  
scholars1 patriots also1 ,i trust1--you 
whose generous nurture gives you large  
and enduring influence1--seek for the   
country of your pride and love1 above   
all things else1 her establishment on   
the eternal right as on the ,rock of    

,ages4 ,thus shall there be no spot on  
her fame1 no limit to her growth1 no    
waning to her glory4                    
,a4 ,p4 ,peabody4                       
,,cclx4                   ,,step ,,to   
,,the ,,captains ,,office ,,and         
,,settle4  ,this old watchword1 so often
 heard by travellers in the early stages
 of steam-navigation1 is now and then   
ringing in our ears with a very pointed 
and pertinent application4 ,it is a note
 that belongs to all the                
responsibilities of this life for       
eternity4 ,there is a day of reckoning1 
a day for the settlement of accounts4   
,all unpaid bills will then have to be  
paid2 all unbalanced books will have to 
be settled4 ,there will be no loose     
memorandums forgotten2 there will be no 
heedless commissioners for the          
convenience of careless consciences2    
there will be no proxies2 there will be 
no bribed auditors4 ,neither will there 
be such a thing as a hesitating         
conscience2 but the inward monitor1 so  

often drugged and silenced on earth1    
will speak out4 ,there will be no doubt 
nor question as to the right and wrong4 
,there will be no vain excuses6 nor any 
attempt to make them4 ,there will be no 
more sophistry1 no more considerations  
of expediency1 no more pleading of the  
laws of men and the customs of society1 
no more talk about organic sins being   
converted into constructive             
righteousness1 or collective and        
corporate frauds releasing men from     
individual responsibilities4  ,when we  
see a man1 a professed ,christian1      
running a race with the worshippers of  
wealth and fashion1 absorbed in the     
vanities of the world1 or endeavoring to
 serve both ,god and mammon1 we hear the
 voice1 ,step to the captain's office   
and settle6 ,when we see editors and    
politicians setting power in the place  
of goodness1 and expediency in the place
 of justice and law in the place of     
equity1 and custom in the place of      
right1 putting darkness for light1 and  

evil for good1 and tyranny for general  
benevolence1 we think of the day when   
the issuers of such counterfeit money   
will be brought to light1 and their     
sophistries and lies exposed1--for among
 the whole tribe of unprincipled        
politicians there will be great         
consternation when the call comes to    
step to the captain's office and settle4
 ,when we see unjust rulers in their    
pride of power fastening chains upon the
 bondmen1 oppressing the poor1 and      
playing their pranks of defiant tyranny 
before high heaven1 then also come these
 words to mind1 like a blast from the   
last trumpet1 ,step to the captain's    
office and settle6                      
,g4 ,b4 ,cheever                        
,,cclxi4                                
,,the ,,murder ,,of ,,the ,,soul4       
,there are some people whose sympathies 
have been excited upon the subject of   
slavery1 who1 if they can only be       
satisfied that the slaves have enough to
 eat1 think it is all very well1 and    

that nothing more is to be said or done4
  ,if slaves were merely animals1 whose 
only or chief enjoyment consisted in the
 gratification of their bodily          
appetites1 there would be some show of  
sense in this conclusion4 ,but1 in fact1
 however crushed and brutified1 they are
 still men2 men whose bosoms beat with  
the same passions as our own2 whose     
hearts swell with the same              
aspirations1--the same ardent desire to 
improve their condition2 the same wishes
 for what they have not2 the same       
indifference towards what they have2 the
 same restless love of social           
superiority2 the same greediness of     
acquisition2 the same desire to know2   
the same impatience of all external     
control4  ,the excitement which the     
singular case of ,caspar ,hauser        
produced a few years since in ,germans  
is not yet forgotten4 ,from the         
representations of that enigmatical     
personage1 it was believed that those   
from whose custody he declared himself  

to have escaped1 had endeavored to      
destroy his intellect1 or rather to     
prevent it from being developed1 so as  
to detain him forever in a state of     
infantile imbecility4 ,this supposed    
attempt at what they saw fit to         
denominate the murder of the soul1 gave 
rise to great discussions among the     
,german jurists2 and they soon raised it
 into a new crime1 which they placed at 
the very head of social enormities4  ,it
 is this very crime1 the murder of the  
soul1 which is in the course of         
continuous and perpetual perpetration   
throughout the southern ,states of the  
,american ,union2 and not upon a single 
individual only1 but upon nearly one    
half of the entire population4          
,consider the slaves as men1 and the    
course of treatment which custom and the
 laws prescribe is an artful1 deliberate
 and well-digested scheme to break their
 spirit2 to deprive them of courage and 
of manhood2 to destroy their natural    
desire for an equal participation in the

 benefits of society2 to keep them      
ignorant1 and therefore weak2 to reduce 
them1 if possible1 to a state of idiocy2
 to crowd them down to a level with the 
brutes4                                 
,r4 ,hildreth4                          
,,cclxii4                               
,,judicial ,,tribunals4  ,let me here   
say that ,i hold judges1 and especially 
the ,supreme ,court of the country1 in  
much respect2 but ,i am too familiar    
with the history of judicial proceedings
 to regard them with any superstitious  
reverence4 ,judges are but men1 and in  
all ages have shown a full share of     
frailty4 ,alas6 alas6 the worst crimes  
of history have been perpetrated under  
their sanction4 ,the blood of martyrs   
and of patriots1 crying from the ground1
 summons them to judgment4  ,it was a   
,judicial tribunal which condemned      
,socrates to drink the fatal hemlock1   
and which pushed the ,saviour barefoot  
over the pavements of ,jerusalem1       
bending beneath his cross4 ,it was a    

judicial tribunal which1 against the    
testimony and entreaties of her father1 
surrendered the fair ,virginia as a     
slave2 which arrested the teachings of  
the great apostle to the ,gentiles1 and 
sent him in bonds from ,judea to ,rome2 
which1 in the name of the ,old          
,religion1 adjudged the saints and      
fathers of the ,christian ,church to    
death1 in all its most dreadful forms2  
and which afterwards1 in the name of the
 ,new ,religion1 enforced the tortures  
of the ,inquisition1 amidst the shrieks 
and agonies of its victims1 while it    
compelled ,galileo to declare1 in solemn
 denial of the great truth he had       
disclosed1 that the earth did not move  
round the sun4  ,it was a judicial      
tribunal which1 in ,france1 during the  
long reign of her monarchs1 lent itself 
to be the instrument of every tyranny1  
as during the brief reign of terror it  
did not hesitate to stand forth the     
unpitying accessory of the unpitying    
guillotine4 ,ay1 sir1 it was a judicial 

tribunal in ,england1 surrounded by all 
the forms of law1 which sanctioned every
 despotic caprice of ,henry the ,eighth1
 from the unjust divorce of his queen1  
to the beheading of ,sir ,thomas ,more2 
which lighted the fires of persecution  
that glowed at ,oxford and ,smithfield1 
over the cinders of ,latimer1 ,ridley1  
and ,john ,rogers2 which1 after         
elaborate argument1 upheld the fatal    
tyranny of ship-money against the       
patriotic resistance of ,hampden2 which1
 in defiance of justice and humanity1   
sent ,sydney and ,russell to the block2 
which persistently enforced the laws of 
,conformity that our ,puritan ,fathers  
persistently refused to obey2 and which 
afterwards1 with ,jeffries on the bench1
 crimsoned the pages of ,english history
 with massacre and murder--even with the
 blood of innocent woman4  ,ay1 sir1 and
 it was a judicial tribunal in our      
country1 surrounded by all the forms of 
law1 which hung witches at              
,salem1--which affirmed the             

constitutionality of the ,stamp ,act1   
while it admonished jurors and the      
people to obey1--and which now1 in our  
day has lent its sanction to the        
unutterable atrocity of the ,fugitive   
,slave ,bill4                           
,c4 ,sumner4                            
,,cclxiii4                   ,,slavery  
,,the ,,mainspring ,,of ,,the           
,,rebellion4  ,the whole quantity of    
slave-owners1 great and small1 according
 to the recent census1 is not more than 
four hundred thousand2 out of whom there
 are not more than one hundred thousand 
who are interested to any considerable  
extent in this peculiar species of      
property2 and yet this petty            
oligarchy--itself controlled by a squad 
still more petty--in a population of    
many millions1 has aroused and organized
 this gigantic rebellion4 ,the future   
historian will record that the present  
rebellion--notwithstanding its          
protracted origin1 the multitudes it has
 enlisted1 and its extensive sweep--was 

at last precipitated by fewer than      
twenty men2 ,mr4 ,everett says1 by as   
few as ten4 ,it is certain that thus far
 it has been the triumph of a minority2 
but of a minority moved1 inspired1      
combined1 and aggrandized by slavery4   
,and now this traitorous minority1      
putting aside all the lurking1 slimy    
devices of conspiracy steps forth in the
 full panoply of war4 ,assuming to      
itself all the functions of a           
government1 it organizes ,states under a
 common head--sends ambassadors into    
foreign countries--levies taxes--borrows
 money--issues letters of marque--and   
sets armies in the field1 summoned from 
distant ,georgia1 ,louisiana1 and       
,texas1 as well as from nearer          
,virginia1 and composed of the whole    
lawless population--the poor who cannot 
own slaves as well as the rich who own  
them--throughout the extensive region   
where1 with satanic grasp1 this         
slaveholding minority claims for itself 
--ample room and verge enough           

,the characters of hell to trace4       
,pardon the language which ,i employ4   
,the words of the poet do not picture   
too strongly the object proposed4 ,and  
now these parricidal hosts stand arrayed
 openly against that paternal           
,government to which they owed loyalty1 
protection1 and affection ,never in     
history did rebellion assume such a     
front4 ,call their numbers four hundred 
thousand or two hundred thousand--what  
you will--they far surpass any armed    
forces ever before marshalled in        
rebellion2 they are among the largest   
ever marshalled in war4 ,and all this is
 in the name of slavery1 and for the    
sake of slavery1 and at the bidding of  
slavery4 ,the profligate favorite of the
 ,english monarch--the famous ,duke of  
,buckingham--was not more exclusively   
supreme--even according to those words  
by which he was exposed to the judgment 
of his contemporaries3           ,who   
rules the kingdom8 ,the king4           
,who rules the king8 ,the ,duke4        

,who rules the ,duke8 ,the ,devil4  ,the
 prevailing part here attributed to the 
royal favorite belongs now to slavery1  
which in the rebel ,states is a more    
than royal favorite4           ,who     
rules the rebel ,states8 ,the           
,president4          ,who rules the     
,president8 ,slavery4          ,who     
rules slavery8--  ,the latter question  
,i need not answer4 ,but all must       
see--and nobody can deny--that slavery  
is the ruling idea of this rebellion4   
,it is slavery which marshals these     
hosts and breathes into their embattled 
ranks its own barbarous fire4 ,it is    
slavery which stamps its character alike
 upon officers and men4 ,it is slavery  
which inspires all1 from the general to 
the trumpeter4 ,it is slavery which     
speaks in the words of command1 and     
which sounds in the morning drum-beat4  
,it is slavery which digs trenches and  
builds hostile forts4 ,it is slavery    
which pitches its white tents and       
stations its sentries over against the  

national capital4 ,it is slavery which  
sharpens the bayonet and casts the      
bullet2 which points the cannon and     
scatters the shell1 blazing1 bursting   
with death4 ,wherever this rebellion    
shows itself--whatever form it          
takes--whatever thing it does--whatever 
it meditates--it is moved by slavery2   
nay1 it is slavery itself1 incarnate1   
living1 acting1 raging1 robbing1        
murdering1 according to the essential   
law of its being4                       
,c ,sumner4                             
,,cclxiv4               ,,abolition ,,of
 ,,slavery ,,in ,,the ,,district ,,of   
,,columbia4  ,mr4 ,president1 with      
unspeakable delight ,i hail this measure
 and the prospect of its speedy         
adoption4 ,it is the first instalment of
 that great debt which we all owe to an 
enslaved race1 and will be recognized in
 history as one of the victories of     
humanity4 ,at home1 throughout our own  
country1 it will be welcomed with       
gratitude1 while abroad it will quicken 

the hopes of all who love freedom4      
,liberal institutions will gain         
everywhere by the abolition of slavery  
at the national ,capital4 ,nobody can   
read that slaves were once sold in the  
markets of ,rome1 beneath the eyes of   
the sovereign ,pontiff without          
confessing the scandal to religion1 even
 in a barbarous age2 and nobody can hear
 that slaves are now sold in the markets
 of ,washington1 beneath the eyes of the
 ,president1 without confessing the     
scandal to liberal institutions4 ,for   
the sake of our good name1 if not for   
the sake of justice1 let the scandal    
disappear4  ,slavery1 beginning in      
violence1 can have no legal or          
constitutional existence1 unless through
 positive words expressly authorizing   
it4 ,as no such positive words can be   
found in the ,constitution1 all         
legislation by ,congress supporting     
slavery must be unconstitutional and    
void1 while it is made still further    
impossible by positive words of         

prohibition guarding the liberty of     
every person within the exclusive       
jurisdiction of ,congress4 ,but the     
question is asked1 ,shall we vote money 
for this purpose8 ,i cannot hesitate2   
and ,i place it at once under the       
sanction of that commanding charity     
proclaimed by prophets and enjoined by  
apostles1 which all history recognizes  
and which the ,constitution cannot      
impair4 ,from time immemorial every     
government has undertaken to ransom its 
subjects from captivity1--and sometimes 
a whole people has felt its resources   
well bestowed in the ransom of its      
prince4 ,religion and humanity have both
 concurred in this duty1 as more than   
usually sacred4 ,the ransom of captives 
is a great and excelling office of      
justice1 exclaims one of the early      
fathers4 ,the power thus commended has  
been exercised by the ,united ,states   
under important circumstances with the  
coperation of the best names of our     
history1 so as to be without question4  

,if slavery be unconstitutional in the  
national ,capital1 and if it be a       
,christian duty1 sustained by           
constitutional examples1 to ransom      
slaves1 then your swift desires cannot  
hesitate to adopt the present bill1 and 
it becomes needless to enter upon other 
questions1 important perhaps1 but       
irrelevant4                             
,c4 ,sumner4                            
,,cclxv4                                
,,the ,,same ,,concluded4  ,of course1  
,i scorn to argue the obvious truth that
 the slaves here are as much entitled to
 freedom as the white slaves that       
enlisted the early energies of our      
,government4 ,they are men by the grace 
of ,god1 and this is enough4 ,there is  
no principle of the ,constitution1 and  
no rule of justice1 which is not as     
strong for the one as for the other4 ,in
 consenting to the ransom proposed1 you 
will recognize their manhood1 and1 if   
authority be needed1 you will find it in
 the example of ,washington1 who did not

 hesitate to employ a golden key to open
 the house of bondage4  ,let this bill  
pass1 and the first practical triumph of
 freedom for which good men have longed1
 dying without the sight--for which a   
whole generation has petitioned1 and for
 which orators and statesmen have       
pleaded--will at last be accomplished4  
,slavery will be banished from the      
national ,capital4 ,this metropolis1    
which bears a venerated name1 will be   
purified2 its evil spirit will be cast  
out2 its shame will be removed2 its     
society will be refined2 its courts will
 be made better2 its revolting          
ordinances will be swept away2 and even 
its loyalty will be secured4 ,if not    
moved by justice to the slave1 then be  
willing to act for your own good and in 
self-defence4 ,if you hesitate to pass  
this bill for the blacks1 then pass it  
for the whites4 ,nothing is clearer than
 that the degradation of slavery affects
 the master as much as the slave2 while 
recent events testify that wherever     

slavery exists1 there treason lurks1 if 
it does not flaunt4 ,from the beginning 
of this rebellion1 slavery has been     
constantly manifest in the conduct of   
the masters1 and even here in the       
national ,capital1 it has been the      
traitorous power which has encouraged   
and strengthened the enemy4 ,this power 
must be suppressed at every cost1 and if
 its suppression here endangers slavery 
elsewhere1 there will be a new motive   
for determined action4  ,amidst all     
present solicitudes the future cannot be
 doubtful4 ,at the national ,capital    
slavery will give way to freedom2 but   
the good work will not stop here4 ,it   
must proceed4 ,what ,god and nature     
decree rebellion cannot arrest4 ,and as 
the whole wide-spreading tyranny begins 
to tumble1 then1 above the din of       
battle1 sounding from the sea and       
echoing along the land1 above even the  
exaltations of victory on well-fought   
fields1 will ascend voices of gladness  
and benediction1 swelling from generous 

hearts wherever civilization bears sway1
 to commemorate a sacred triumph whose  
trophies1 instead of tattered banners1  
will be ransomed slaves4                
,c4 ,sumner4                            
,,cxlxvi4                 ,,extract     
,,from ,,farewell ,,address ,,at ,,new  
,,orleans4  ,i shall speak in no        
bitterness1 because ,i am not conscious 
of a single personal animosity4         
,commanding the ,army of the ,gulf1 ,i  
found you captured1 but not surrendered2
 conquered1 but not orderly2 relieved   
from the presence of an army1 but       
incapable of taking care of yourselves4 
,i restored order1 punished crime1      
opened commerce1 brought provisions to  
your starving people1 reformed your     
currency1 and gave you quiet protection1
 such as you had not enjoyed for many   
years4 ,the enemies of my country       
unrepentant and implacable1 ,i have     
treated with merited severity4 ,i hold  
that rebellion is treason1 and that     
treason persisted in is death1 and any  

punishment short of that due a traitor  
gives so much clear gain to him from the
 clemency of the government4 ,upon this 
thesis have ,i administered the         
authority of the ,united ,states1       
because of which ,i am not unconscious  
of complaint4 ,i do not feel that ,i    
have erred in too much harshness1 for   
that harshness has ever been exhibited  
to disloyal enemies to my country1 and  
not to my loyal friends4 ,to be sure1 ,i
 might have regaled you with the        
amenities of ,british civilization1 and 
yet been within the supposed rules of   
civilized warfare4 ,you might have been 
smoked to death in caverns1 as were the 
,covenanters of ,scotland1 by the       
command of a general of the royal house 
of ,england2 or roasted1 like the       
inhabitants of ,algiers during the      
,french campaign2 your wives and        
daughters might have been given over to 
the ravisher1 as were the unfortunate   
dames of ,spain in the ,peninsular war2 
or you might have been scalped and      

tomahawked1 as our mothers were at      
,wyoming by the savage allies of ,great 
,britain1 in our own ,revolution2 your  
property could have been turned over to 
indiscriminate loot1 like the palace of 
the ,emperor of ,china2 works of art    
which adorned your buildings might have 
been sent away1 like to paintings of the
 ,vatican2 your sons might have been    
blown from the mouths of cannon1 like   
the ,sepoys at ,delhi2 and yet all this 
would have been within the rules of     
civilized warfare as practised by the   
most polished and the most hypocritical 
nations of ,europe4 ,for such acts the  
records of the doings of some of the    
inhabitants of your city toward the     
friends of the ,union1 before my coming1
 were a sufficient provocative and      
justification4 ,but ,i have not so      
conducted4 ,on the contrary1 the worst  
punishment inflicted1 except for        
criminal acts punishable by every law1  
has been banishment with labor to a     
barren island1 where ,i encamped my own 

soldiers before marching here4  ,it is  
true ,i have levied upon the wealthy    
rebels1 and paid out nearly half a      
million of dollars to feed forty        
thousand of the starving poor of all    
nations assembled here1 made so by this 
war4 ,i saw that this rebellion was a   
war of the aristocrats against the      
middling men--of the rich against the   
poor2 a war of the landowner against the
 laborer2 that it was a struggle for the
 retention of power in the hands of the 
few against the many2 and ,i found no   
conclusion to it1 save in the           
subjugation of the few and the          
disenthralment of the many4 ,i1         
therefore1 felt no hesitation in taking 
the substance of the wealthy1 who had   
caused the war1 to feed the innocent    
poor1 who had suffered by the war4 ,and 
,i shall now leave you with the proud   
consciousness that ,i carry with me the 
blessings of the humble and loyal1 under
 the roof of the cottage and in the     
cabin of the slave6 and so am quite     

content to incur the sneers of the      
salon1 or the curses of the rich4       
,b4 ,f4 ,butler4                        
,,cclxvii4                ,,conclusion  
,,of ,,farewell ,,address ,,at ,,new    
,,orleans4  ,i found you trembling at   
the terrors of servile insurrection ,all
 danger of this ,i have prevented by so 
treating the slave that he had no cause 
to rebel4 ,i found the dungeon1 the     
chain1 and the lash your only means of  
enforcing obedience in your servants4 ,i
 leave them peaceful1 laborious1        
controlled by the laws of kindness and  
justice4 ,i have demonstrated that the  
pestilence can be kept from your        
borders4 ,i have added a million of     
dollars to your wealth in the form of   
new land from the batture of the        
,mississippi4 ,i have cleansed and      
improved your streets1 canals1 and      
public squares1 and opened new avenues  
to unoccupied land4 ,i have given you   
freedom of elections greater than you   
have ever enjoyed before4 ,i have caused

 justice to be administered so          
impartially that your own advocates have
 unanimously complimented the judges of 
my appointment4 ,you have seen1         
therefore1 the benefit of the laws and  
justice of the government against which 
you have rebelled4 ,why1 then1 will you 
not all return to your allegiance to    
that government1--not with lip-service1 
but with the heart4  ,i conjure you1 if 
you desire ever to see renewed          
prosperity1 giving business to your     
streets and wharves--if you hope to see 
your city become again the mart of the  
,western world1 fed by its rivers for   
more than three thousand miles1 draining
 the commerce of a country greater than 
the mind of man hath ever               
conceived--return to your allegiance4   
,if you desire to leave to your children
 the inheritance you received from your 
fathers--a stable constitutional        
government2 if you desire that they     
should in the future be a portion of the
 greatest empire the sun ever shone     

upon--return to your allegiance4  ,there
 is but one thing that stands in the    
way4 ,there is but one thing that at    
this hour stands between you and the    
,government--and that is slavery4 ,the  
institution1 cursed of ,god1 which has  
taken its last refuge here1 in ,his     
providence will be rooted out as the    
tares from the wheat1 although the wheat
 be torn up with it4 ,i have given much 
thought to the subject4 ,i came among   
you1 by teachings1 by habit of mind1 by 
political position1 by social affinity1 
inclined to sustain your domestic laws1 
if by possibility they might be with    
safety to the ,union4 ,months of        
experience and observation have forced  
the conviction that the existence of    
slavery is incompatible with the safety 
either of yourselves or of the ,union4  
,as the system has gradually grown to   
its present huge dimensions1 it were    
best if it could gradually be removed2  
but it is better1 far better1 that it   
should be taken out at once1 than that  

it should longer vitiate the social1    
political1 and family relations of your 
country4 ,i am speaking with no         
philanthropic views as regards the      
slave1 but simply of the effect of      
slavery on the master4  ,see for        
yourselves4 ,look around you and say    
whether this saddening1 deadening       
influence has not all but destroyed the 
very framework of your society4 ,i am   
speaking the farewell words of one who  
has shown his devotion to his country at
 the peril of his life and his fortune1 
who1 in these words1 can have neither   
hope nor interest1 save the good of     
those he addresses2 and let me here     
repeat1 with all the solemnity of an    
appeal to ,heaven to bear me witness1   
that such are the views forced upon me  
by experience4 ,come1 then1 to the      
unconditional support of the            
,government4 ,take into your own hands  
your own institutions2 remodel them     
according to the laws of nations and of 
,god1 and thus attain that great        

prosperity assured to you by            
geographical position1 only a portion of
 which was heretofore yours4            
,b4 ,f4 ,butler4                        
,,cclxviii4                             
,,reconstruction ,,of ,,the ,,union4  ,i
 am not for the ,union as it was4 ,i    
have the honor to say1 as a ,democrat1  
and as an ,andrew ,jackson ,democrat1 ,i
 am not for the ,union as it was1       
because ,i saw1 or thought ,i saw1 the  
troubles in the future which have burst 
upon us2 but having undergone those     
troubles1 having spent all this blood   
and this treasure1 ,i do not mean to go 
back again and be cheek by jole1 as ,i  
was before1 with ,south ,carolina1 if ,i
 can help it4 ,mark me now2 let no man  
misunderstand me2 and ,i repeat1 lest ,i
 may be misunderstood 7for there are    
none so difficult to understand as those
 who do not wish to7--mark me again1--,i
 say1 ,i do not mean to give up a single
 inch of the soil of ,south ,carolina   
,if ,i had been living at that time1 and

 had the position1 the will1 and the    
ability1 ,i would have dealt with ,south
 ,carolina as ,jackson did1 and kept her
 in the ,union at all hazards2 but now  
that she has gone out1 ,i would take    
care that when she comes in again she   
should come in better behaved2 that she 
should no longer be the firebrand of the
 ,union1 ay1 that she should enjoy what 
her people never yet enjoyed1 the       
blessings of a republican form of       
government4 ,and1 therefore1 in that    
view ,i am not for the reconstruction of
 the ,union as it was4 ,i have spent    
treasure and blood enough upon it1 in   
conjunction with my fellow-citizens1 to 
make it a little better1 and ,i think we
 can have a better ,union4 ,it was good 
enough if it had been let alone4 ,the   
old house was good enough for me1 but   
the ,south pulled it down1 and ,i       
propose1 when we build it up1 to build  
it up with all the modern improvements4 
,and one of the logical sequences1 it   
seems to me1 that follow inexorably and 

inevitably1 from the proposition that we
 are dealing with alien enemies1 is the 
question1 what is our duty in regard to 
the confiscation of their property8 ,and
 that would seem to me to be very easy  
of settlement under the ,constitution1  
and without any discussion1 if my       
proposition is right4 ,has it not been  
held from the beginning of the world    
down to this day1 from the time the     
,israelites took possession of the land 
of ,canaan1 which they got from alien   
enemies1 has it not been held that the  
whole of the property of those alien    
enemies belongs to the conqueror1 and   
that it has been at his mercy and his   
clemency what should be done with it8   
,and for one1 ,i would take it and give 
it to the loyal man--loyal from the     
heart1--at the ,south1 enough at least  
to make him as well as he was before2   
and ,i would take the rest of it and    
distribute it among the volunteer       
soldiers who have gone forth in the     
service of their country2 and so far as 

,i know them1 if we should settle ,south
 ,carolina with them1 in the course of a
 few years1 ,i should be quite willing  
to receive her back into the ,union4    
,b4 ,f4 ,butler4                        
,,cclxix4                ,,speech ,,at  
,,the ,,union ,,square ,,meeting ,,in   
,,new ,,york4  ,but we are called upon  
to act4 ,there is no time for hesitation
 or indecision--no time for haste and   
excitement4 ,it is a time when the      
people should rise in the majesty of    
their might1 stretch forth their strong 
arm1 and silence the angry waves of     
tumult4 ,it is time the people should   
command peace4 ,it is a question between
 union and anarchy--between law and     
disorder4 ,all politics for the time    
being are and should be committed to the
 oblivion of the grave4 ,the question   
should be1 ,our country1 our whole      
country1 and nothing but our country4   
,we should go forward in a manner       
becoming a great people1 ,but six months
 ago1 the material prosperity of our    

country was at its greatest height4     
,to-day1 by the fiat of madness1 we are 
plunged in distress and threatened with 
political ruin1 anarchy1 and            
annihilation4 ,it becomes us to stay the
 hands of this spirit of disunion4 ,the 
voice of the ,empire ,state can be      
potential in this unnatural strife4 ,she
 has mighty power for union4 ,she has   
great wealth and influence1 and she must
 bring forward that wealth and exert    
that influence4 ,she has numerous men1  
and she must send them to the field1 and
 in the plenitude of her power command  
the public peace4 ,this is a great      
commercial city--one of the modern      
wonders of the earth4 ,with all the     
great elements that surround her1 with  
her commercial renown1 with her         
architectural magnificence1 and with her
 enterprise and energy1 she is capable  
of exercising a mighty power for good in
 silencing the angry waves of agitation4
  ,while ,i would prosecute this war in 
a manner becoming a civilized and a     

,christian people1 ,i would do so in no 
vindictive spirit4 ,i would do it as    
,brutus set the signet to the           
death-warrant of his son--,justice is   
satisfied1 and ,rome is free4 ,i love my
 country2 ,i love this ,union4 ,it was  
the first vision of my early years2 it  
is the last ambition of my public life4 
,upon its altar ,i have surrendered my  
choicest hopes4 ,i had fondly hoped that
 in approaching age it was to beguile my
 solitary hours1 and ,i will stand by it
 as long as there is a ,union to stand  
by and when the ship of the ,union shall
 crack and groan1 when the skies lower  
and threaten1 when the lightnings flash1
 the thunders roar1 the storms beat1 and
 the waves run mountain-high1 if the    
ship of ,state goes down1 and the ,union
 perishes1 ,i would rather perish with  
it than survive its destruction4 ,let   
us1 my friends1 stay up the hands of    
,union men in other sections of the     
country4 ,how much have they sacrificed 
of advantage of national wealth1 of     

political promotion6 ,let us aid them   
and cheer them on4 ,let us1 my          
fellow-citizens1 rally round the flag of
 our country1 the flag of our fathers1  
the glorious flag known and honored     
throughout the earth1 and now rendered  
more illustrious by the gallant         
,anderson4 ,in the spirit of peace and  
forbearance he waved it over ,fort      
,sumter4 ,the pretended authorities of  
,south ,carolina and the other ,southern
 ,states attacked him because they      
seemed to consider him a kind of        
minister plenipotentiary4 ,let us       
maintain our flag in the same noble     
spirit that animated him1 and never     
desert it while one star is left4 ,if ,i
 could see my bleeding1 torn1 maddened1 
and distracted country once more        
restored to quiet and lasting peace     
under those glorious stars and stripes1 
,i should almost be ready to take the   
oath of the infatuated leader in        
,israel--,jephthah and swear to         
sacrifice the first living thing that ,i

 should meet on my return from victory4 
,d4 ,s4 ,dickinson4                     
,,cclxx4                         ,,the  
,,perpetuity ,,of ,,the ,,union4  ,give 
up the ,union8 ,never6 ,the ,union shall
 endure1 and its praises shall be heard 
when its friends and its foes1 those who
 support1 and those who assail1 those   
who bare their bosoms in its defence1   
and those who aim their daggers at its  
heart1 shall all sleep in the dust      
together4 ,its name shall be heard with 
veneration amid the roar of the         
,pacific's waves1 away upon the river of
 the ,north and ,east where liberty is  
divided from monarchy1 and be wafted in 
gentle breezes upon the ,rio ,grande4   
,it shall rustle in the harvest and wave
 in the standing corn1 on the extended  
prairies of the ,west1 and be heard in  
the bleating folds find lowing herds    
upon a thousand hills4 ,it shall be with
 those who delve in mines1 and shall hum
 in the manufactories of ,new ,england1 
and in the cotton-gins of the ,south4   

,it shall be proclaimed by the ,stars   
and ,stripes in every sea of earth1 as  
the ,american ,union1 one and           
indivisible2 upon the great             
thoroughfares1 wherever steam drives1   
and engines throb and shriek1 its       
greatness and perpetuity shall be hailed
 with gladness4 ,it shall be lisped in  
the earliest words1 and ring in the     
merry voices of childhood1 and swell to 
,heaven upon the song of maidens4 ,it   
shall live in the stern resolve of      
manhood1 and rise to the mercy-seat upon
 woman's gentle availing prayer4 ,holy  
men shall invoke its perpetuity at the  
altars of religion1 and it shall be     
whispered in the last accents of        
expiring age4 ,thus shall survive and be
 perpetuated the ,american ,union2 and  
when it shall be proclaimed that time   
shall be no more1 and the curtain shall 
fall1 and the good shall be gathered to 
a more perfect union1 still may the     
destiny of our dear land recognize the  
conception1 that            ,perfumes as

 of ,eden flowed sweetly along1         
,and a voice1 as of angels1 enchantingly
 sung1           ,columbia1 ,columbia1  
to glory arise1           ,the ,queen of
 the world1 and the child of the skies4 
,d4 ,s4 ,dickinson4                     
,,cclxxi4                               
,,our ,,reformers4  ,what to-day is the 
position of the men who1 for the past   
thirty years1 have worked to bring our  
practice into conformity with the       
principles of the ,government1 and who1 
in the struggle against established and 
powerful interests1 have accepted       
political disability and humiliated     
lives8 ,have any of these been put in   
governing places where their proved     
fidelity would guarantee the direct     
execution of what is to-day the nearly  
unanimous will of the people8 ,certainly
 not yet4 ,so far1 the virtue of the    
reformers is its own reward4 ,while they
 are yet living1 their mantles have     
fallen upon the shoulders of others to  
whom you have given high position1 but  

they are still laboring in narrow       
paths--broadening1 to be sure1 and      
brightening--for the rough ground is    
passed1 and their sun of victory is     
already rising4 ,we give deep sympathy  
and honor to the men who1 in the        
interests of civilization1 separated    
themselves from mankind to penetrate the
 chill solitudes of the ,arctic regions4
 ,their names remain an added           
constellation in polar skies4 ,but1 we  
know that bitter skies and winter winds 
are not so unkind as man's ingratitude4 
,and why1 then1 do we withhold sympathy 
and honor from these men who have so    
unflinchingly trod their isolated paths 
of self-appointed duty1 accepting       
political and social                    
excommunication--these heroes of the    
moral solitudes8 ,but even as it is1 our
 reformers have a better lot than       
history usually records for such2 they  
have the satisfaction not only to see   
but to enter1 with the people whom they 
led1 into the promised land4 ,and       

perhaps they are well satisfied to      
repose1 and to rest upon their finished 
work1 feeling surely that they have been
 faithful servants and that their       
country will yet say to them1 ,well     
done6  ,sometimes1 in unfamiliar        
countries1 the traveller finds himself  
shrouded in fog and the way so hidden1  
the features of the country so          
singularly cleansed from the reality1   
that he cannot safely move4 ,but if some
 friendly mountain side lets him ascend 
a few hundred feet above1 he finds      
himself suddenly in a clear atmosphere  
with a blue sky and a shining sun4      
,below him the smaller objects that     
misled and bewildered him lie hidden2   
before him stand out1 salient and clear1
 the leading ridges and great outlines  
of the country which point out to him   
the right way1 and show him where he may
 reach a place of security and repose   
for the night1 and he goes on his       
journey confidently4 ,and so it is with 
those men who devote their lives1       

unflinchingly and singly1 to the public 
good to the maintenance of principles   
and the advocacy of great reforms4 ,they
 live in a pure atmosphere4 ,and such   
ought also to be the character of the   
men whom we elevate to our high places4 
,raised into that upper air1 and charged
 with the general safety1 they are      
expected to be impersonal2 they are     
expected to see over and beyond the     
personal ambitions and individual       
interests which of necessity influence  
men acting individually2 their horizon  
is universal1 and they see broadly      
defined the great principles which lead 
a nation continuously on to a settled   
prosperity and a sure glory4 ,and as a  
condition of our material safety we     
should see to it that only such men are 
put in such places4 ,men capable of     
receiving a conviction and realizing a  
necessity--men able to comprehend the   
spirit of the age and the country in    
which we live1 and fearless in working  
up to it4                               

,j4 ,c4 ,fremont4                       
,,cclxxii4                              
,,public ,,rumor4  ,the counsel for the 
prosecution has said that if the        
,reverend defendant has not been duly   
charged with heretical teachings by     
actual evidence1 he has been so charged 
by public rumor2 and he gravely contends
 that a clergyman charged by public     
rumor may be required to exculpate      
himself before an ecclesiastical        
council4 ,there is a passion known among
 men as the most eager1 implacable1     
remorseless of passions1 a moral        
curiosity1 named by psychologists the   
odium theologicum4 ,it thrives on the   
slightest possible food4 ,it lives on   
air4 ,public rumor is substantial enough
 for its richest diet4 ,public ,rumor6  
,i was educated to despise it4 ,an      
established public opinion1 we must     
treat with due respect1 but disparaging 
rumor1 however public1 ,i should be     
ashamed to own as a motive for one      
action of my life4 ,when the counsel for

 the prosecution passed his eulogy on   
the memory of ,dr4 ,croswell1 ,i could  
not but think what a rebuke his whole   
life was to public rumor4 ,if ever man  
was the destined victim of public rumor1
 that man was ,william ,croswell4 ,not  
left to its low haunts1 but elevated by 
,episcopal sanction1 promulgated by     
,episcopal proclamation1 it charged him 
with teaching doctrines and observances 
degrading to the character of the       
,church and perilling the souls of the  
people4 ,but in patience and confidence 
he lived it all down4 ,he went forward  
in the discharge of his noble duties1 in
 daily prayers1 daily public service1   
daily ministrations to the poor1 sick   
and afflicted1 not without much         
suffering from the relentless attacks of
 party spirit1--sufferings which        
shortened his days on earth1--and the   
daily beauty of his life made ugly the  
countenance of detraction and           
defamation4 ,public confidence1 a plant 
of slow growth1 grew about him4 ,public 

justice was rendered to him without a   
movement of his own4 ,he fell1 at his   
post1 with all his armor on4 ,at the    
time of the evening sacrifice1 the angel
 touched him and he was called away4 ,he
 fell1 with his face to the altar1 with 
the words of benediction on his lips1   
surrounded by a devoted congregation1   
mourned by an entire community4 ,all men
 rose up and called him blessed4 ,from  
the distinguished ,rector of ,st4       
,paul's1 exclaiming1 in the words of the
 prophet1 ,my father1 my father1 the    
chariots of ,israel and the horsemen    
thereof6 to the humble orphan child in  
the obscure alley1 who missed his daily 
returning visit1--all1 all1 with one    
accord1 sent up their voices as incense 
to ,heaven4  ,i had the privilege to be 
one of the number who received him on   
his entrance into this city1 to take    
charge of his newly formed parish4 ,i am
 proud and grateful to remember that ,i 
was one of those on whom1 in his long   
struggle1 in a measure1 according to my 

ability1 he leaned for support4 ,and    
after seven years1 ,i believe seven     
years to the very day that we received  
him1 ,i had the melancholy privilege1   
with that same company1 of bearing his  
body up that aisle which he had so often
 ascended in his native dignity and in  
the beauty of holiness4  ,i should be an
 unworthy parishioner1 pupil1 ,i may say
 friend of his1 if ,i allowed myself to 
defer for a moment to public rumor on a 
question of character or principle4 ,i  
should be forgetful of his example if ,i
 permitted any one to do so who looked  
to me for counsel or direction4 ,no1    
gentlemen1 let us all1 laymen or        
clergymen1 call to mind his life and his
 death1 and let public rumor blow past  
us as the idle wind4                    
,r4 ,h4 ,dana1 ,jr4                     
,,cclxxiii4                  ,,the      
,,political ,,enfranchisement ,,of ,,the
 ,,north4  ,mr4 ,chairman2 ,will the    
people of the ,free ,states unite in one
 earnest effort to recover their        

personal and political equality1 and to 
retrieve the honor of the country8 ,it  
must be done6 ,but1 let us not deceive  
ourselves4 ,the task is no easy one4    
,oligarchies have ruled the world4 ,our 
national government has always been     
qualified by the element of a           
slaveholding aristocracy4 ,this         
aristocracy is powerful1--powerful in   
its unity of interest1 the common slave 
property1 with its values and its       
perils4 ,it is powerful in its character
 as a caste4 ,unlike all other modern   
aristocracies it is a caste1 and the    
most formidable1 exclusive and          
ineradicable of all castes--a caste     
founded on race and color4 ,it is       
powerful in the ordinary elements of    
power which oligarchies possess4 ,the   
slaveholding education gives elements of
 control1 the bearing and habit of      
command1 and the assertion of           
superiority4 ,this exercises its        
influence over weak minds4 ,people      
doubtful of their own gentility bow to  

the established aristocracy of slavery4 
,the thing that hath been is that which 
shall be1 and there is no new thing     
under the sun4  ,what forces are we to  
bring into the field against them8--the 
divided1 heterogeneous masses of a free 
and equal people4 ,the vast class of the
 timid1 mercenary and time-serving      
belong to the strongest4 ,slavery has   
had them4 ,we shall never have them     
until we show ourselves the strongest4  
,will the trading and moneyed interests1
 so powerful in the ,northern cities1 do
 their duty8 ,is there force enough1    
virtue enough1 in our thirteen millions 
to assert their political equality1 to  
achieve their own enfranchisement1 to   
make freedom national and slavery       
sectional2 to secure the future to      
freedom8 ,the few next years will answer
 this question4 ,you appeal to the      
spirit of #aggf4 ,remember that the     
,dutch revolution was as glorious as our
 own4 ,holland began in civil and       
religious liberty1 with heroism1        

freedom1 industry and prosperity4 ,in   
time the ,dutch learned to make material
 interests their ruling motive4 ,they   
ceased to live for ideas1 and where are 
they now8 ,prosperous1 educated1        
industrious and--despised6 ,the high    
tone1 the glory is gone6  ,but is such  
to be the fate of ,massachusetts1--of   
,new ,england8 ,massachusetts1 in times 
past1 has lived and suffered for ideas1 
for principles1 for abstractions4       
,powerful influences have been exerted1 
from the highest quarters1 to bring her 
into subjection to material interests   
and unheroic maxims1 to sap the chivalry
 and enthusiasm of her youth4 ,but it is
 not too late1 ,let her slough this all 
off in her hour of trial6 ,let her cast 
off her disguises and her rags together1
 and stand forth in the garb and        
attitude of a hero6 ,this work must be  
done4 ,if the men of scholarship and    
accomplishments and wealth who have     
heretofore enjoyed prominence1 do not   
feel themselves up to the work1 the     

people will call the cobbler from his   
stall1 the factory-boy from his loom1   
the yeoman from his plough1 but the work
 shall be done4 ,fishermen and          
tent-makers renovated the world4 ,the   
,roman centurion was sent to a fisherman
 who lodged at the house of a tanner by 
the seaside1 to hear what1 should be    
done for mankind4  ,why do we hesitate8 
,what provocation more do we propose to 
wait for8 ,they have added ,slave       
,states by a coup d'tat3 shall we wait  
until they have added ,cuba and ,mexico8
 ,they are forcing slavery upon the     
,territories3 must we wait until they   
have succeeded8 ,they have violated one 
solemn compact3 how many more must they 
break before we assert our right8 ,they 
have struck down a ,senator in his      
place4 ,they are already designating the
 next victim3 must we wait until he has 
fallen8 ,the ,senator from ,georgia     
spoke truth when he said the deed was   
done in the right time and right manner4
 ,there needed an act as bad as it could

 be made to rouse the spirit of the     
,north4 ,let the priest be slain at the 
altar-stone4 ,let these ,herods mingle  
blood with their sacrifices4 ,it is     
needed4 ,we have been so long sentient  
that the spirit of freedom must be      
roused by violence4 ,it is not fit that 
the land of the ,pilgrims should bear   
the shame longer6 ,by the duty we owe to
 justice and liberty throughout the     
world1 by the natural pride of men1 by  
the cultivated honor of gentlemen1 it is
 not fit that we bear the shame longer6 
,r4 ,h4 ,dana1 ,jr4                     
,,cclxxiv4                              
,,the ,,education ,,of ,,the ,,war4     
,over and above the ordinary and        
universal means of intellectual         
development1 the ,divine ,providence1   
now and then1 prepares extraordinary    
means to the same end1 in those social  
convulsions and calamities that shake   
whole nations with the mighty upheavals 
of thought and passion4 ,a war of       
secession and disintegration is upon us4

 ,the nation's integrity and its very   
life are at stake4 ,it is an epoch that 
the most sluggish minds cannot sleep    
through4 ,they who never thought before 
must think now4 ,they who never felt    
before must feel now4 ,the intellect of 
the nation is aroused in the presence of
 this immense issue4 ,it is an          
educational epoch4 ,its perils1 trials1 
sacrifices1 are the school-discipline of
 ,god4 ,the mind of the people grows up 
whole cubits of stature in a short time4
 ,the heart of the people is moved to   
its deepest depths1--of all classes1 but
 most of the most numerous and the      
governing class1 the agricultural4 ,and 
the heart is always the head's best     
ally4 ,deep feeling begets strong       
thinking4 ,sentiments of patriotism and 
loyalty1 newborn and fervid1 awaken and 
reinforce the intellect1 raise up       
character1 enlarge the whole man4 ,and  
this reviving and reinvigorating        
influence will not pass away with the   
trials that produced it4 ,when ,god     

educates it is not for a day1 but for   
generations4 ,when ,he quickens a new   
life in the soul of a people1 it is a   
life that lasts4 ,when ,he touches the  
human harp with ,his own mighty1 but    
tender hand1 the sound remains in the   
strings for an age1 and for ages4  ,long
 after this war shall have closed1 and  
its distresses passed away1 its moral   
and intellectual compensations will     
remain4 ,every village will have its    
war-worn veterans to tell the story of  
,antietam1 and ,gettysburg1 and ,port   
,hudson1 and many another field of      
daring achievement4 ,almost every       
farm-house in the land will have its    
sacred and inspiring memories of a      
father1 son1 or brother1 who fought for 
his country1 whom they1 and their       
posterity after them1 must henceforth   
love and take thought for as their very 
mother4  ,and every village graveyard   
will have its green mounds1 that shall  
need no storied monuments to clothe them
 with a peculiar consecration1--graves  

that hold the dust of heroes1--graves   
that all men approach with reverent     
steps1--graves out of whose solemn      
silence shall whisper inspiring voices1 
telling the young from generation to    
generation1 how great is their country's
 worth and cost1 and how beautiful and  
noble it was to die for it4             
,g4 ,putnam4                            
,,cclxxv4                               
,,washington',s ,,birthday ,,february   
#bb1 #ahfd4  ,meanwhile1 the military   
signs of the hour are auspicious4       
,already we seem to see the dawn        
breaking in the horizon4 ,in these      
latter months1 we have heard it from all
 loyal tongues1 and seen it in all loyal
 faces--the confident hope that the day 
of triumph and peace is ready to break  
and shine on into noonday fulness4  ,the
 nation's banner1 torn and soiled in    
battle1 but with every star and stripe  
kept whole and radiant in its fair      
expanse1 shall be brought back to the   
,capitol2 and it may well be that he1   

the illustrious civic leader1 who first 
flung it to the breeze in the nation's  
necessity1 should be the man whose hands
 shall be privileged to furl it again in
 ,peace1--he1 who sits worthily in the  
chair that once held ,washington2 he1 so
 honest and pure in his great function1 
so wise and prudent1 so faithful and    
firm2--,god bless and preserve ,abraham 
,lincoln1 ,president of the ,united     
,states6  ,therefore1 if it be in our   
hearts this day1 bending at the shrine  
of ,washington1 to renew our vow to     
preserve the country which he gave us   
for a sacred inheritance1 we can do it  
with good hope4 ,and verily we must vow1
 and keep the vow1 cost what it may of  
time or wealth1 or blood1--for his sake1
 and our own1 and our children's1 and   
humanity's sake1 we must4  ,it is true1 
there is no perpetuity for national     
existence1 or for individual influence  
or renown4 ,earthly empires must decay  
at last1 and with them the vital        
presence1 the living influence of their 

founders and fathers4  ,this magnificent
 polity--his1 ours--must1 doubtless1 one
 day1 share the common fate1 and where  
it goes down1 the star of ,washington   
must set with it1 and his name pass1 an 
unheeded word1 into the dead annals of  
the obsolete ages4 ,but ,o6 not yet--say
 it1 ,americans6--not now6  ,the laurel 
chaplet must not be torn from his brow  
while it is still so fresh and green1   
and not yet fully wreathed4 ,his statues
 must not be pushed from their pedestals
 to be crumbled into common earth1 until
 the centuries have had time to hallow  
them with their venerable stains4  ,this
 fair palace of national freedom1 of    
which he was the master-builder1 must   
not crumble into ruin1 till it shall    
have given a shelter and a home1        
security1 glory1 and peace1 to the      
children's children1 and the remote     
posterity of those for whom he reared it
 with the loving ardor of his great soul
 and the strength of his mighty arm4    
,it must not1 need not1 shall not be4   

,to think of it for a moment is base    
recreancy and intolerable shame4 ,forbid
 it1 thou ,god of nations1 and our      
fathers ,god6 ,forbid it1 ye1 my        
countrymen1 as ye have the power--ay1   
ten times the power that is requisite4  
,only rise up again1 and yet again1 in  
your strength1 and by all that is dear  
and sacred in the name and fame of your 
country's ,father1 swear that it shall  
not be1 and then it cannot be4 ,give    
anew your heart and soul and faith1     
unswerving fidelity1 whole-hearted      
loyalty--your voice1 your strength1 your
 wealth all that you are or possess1 to 
this great cause1 give these unitedly1  
fervently1 with one shout1 one blow1 and
 in perfect accord1 and then it will not
 be4 ,then the mad enterprise of        
rebellion is crushed1 and the fiend goes
 howling back1 baffled1 to his place4   
,then your birthright is rescued from   
the destroyer1 ,and when this           
anniversary shall return1 next year1 or 
the next1 yonder marble form in our     

,capitol shall exchange the look of     
majestic sorrow which seems to have     
gathered over it1 for a smile of        
grateful joy2 and those lips of stone   
shall move and grow fervid with words of
 exultant and benedictory               
congratulation4  ,forth1 then1 friends  
and compatriots1 to the work that shall 
save the storm-tossed ark of our        
liberties and our hopes4                
,g4 ,putnam4                            
,,cclxxvi4                              
,,our ,,heroic ,,dead4  ,there is a     
history in almost every home of         
,massachusetts1 which will never be     
written2 but the memory of kindred has  
it embalmed forever4 ,the               
representatives of the pride and hope of
 uncounted households1 departing1 will  
return no more4 ,the shaft of the       
archer1 attracted by the shining mark1  
numbers them among his fallen4 ,in the  
battles of ,big ,bethel1 of ,bull ,run1 
of ,ball's ,bluff1 of ,roanoke ,island1 
of ,newbern1 of ,winchester1 of         

,yorktown1 of ,williamsburg1 of ,west   
,point1 of ,fair ,oaks1 the battles     
before ,richmond from ,mechanicsville to
 ,malvern ,hill1 of ,james ,island1 of  
,baton ,rouge1 of ,cedar ,mountain1 of  
,bull ,run again1 of ,chantilly of      
,washington in ,north ,carolina1 of     
,south ,mountain1 of ,antietam1 of      
,fredericksburg1 of                     
,goldsborough1--through all the         
capricious fortunes of the war1 the     
regiments of ,massachusetts have borne  
her flag by the side of the banner of   
the ,union4 ,and1 beyond the ,atlantic  
slope1 every battle-field has drunk the 
blood of her sons1 nurtured among her   
hills and sands1 from which in          
adventurous manhood they turned their   
footsteps to the ,west4 ,officers and   
enlisted men have vied with each other  
in deeds of valor4 ,this flag1 whose    
standard-bearer1 shot down in battle1   
tossed it from his dying hand nerved by 
undying patriotism1 has been caught by  
the comrade1 who in his turn has closed 

his eyes for the last time upon its     
starry folds as another hero-martyr     
clasped the splintered staff and rescued
 the symbol at once of country and of   
their blood-bought fame4  ,how can      
fleeting words of human praise gild the 
record of their glory8 ,our eyes        
suffused with tears1 and blood          
retreating to the heart1 stirred with   
unwonted thrill1 speak with the         
eloquence of nature1 uttered but        
unexpressed4 ,from the din of the       
battle1 they have passed to the peace of
 eternity4 ,farewell6 warrior1 citizen1 
patriot1 lover1 friend1--whether in the 
humbler ranks or bearing the sword of   
official power1 whether private1        
captain1 surgeon1 or chaplain1 for all  
these in the heady fight have passed    
away1--,hail6 and ,farewell6 ,each hero 
must sleep serenely on the field where  
he fell in a cause sacred to liberty and
 the rights of mankind4           ,worn 
by no wasting1 lingering pain1          
,no cold gradations of decay1           

,death broke at once the vital chain1   
,and freed his soul the nearest way4    
,j4 ,a4 ,andrew4                        
,,cclxxvii4                             
,,honor ,,to ,,our ,,heroes4  ,the heart
 swells with unwonted emotion when we   
remember our sons and brothers1 whose   
constant valor has sustained on the     
field1 during nearly three years of war1
 the cause of our country1 of           
civilization1 and liberty4 ,our         
volunteers have represented             
,massachusetts1 during the year just    
ended1 on almost every field and in     
every department of the army where our  
flag has been unfurled4 ,at             
,chancellorsville1 ,gettysburg1         
,vicksburg1 ,port ,hudson1 and ,fort    
,wagner1 at ,chickamauga1 ,knoxville1   
and ,chattanooga1--under ,hooker1 and   
,meade1 and ,banks1 and ,gillmore1 and  
,rosecrans1 ,burnside1 and ,grant2 in   
every scene of danger and of duty1 along
 the ,atlantic and the ,gulf1 on the    
,tennessee1 the ,cumberland1 the        

,mississippi and the ,rio               
,grande1--under ,dupont and ,dahlgren1  
and ,foote1 and ,farragut and           
,porter1--the sons of ,massachusetts    
have borne their part1 and paid the debt
 of patriotism and valor4 ,ubiquitous as
 the stock they descend from1 national  
in their opinions and universal in their
 sympathies1 they have fought shoulder  
to shoulder with men of all sections and
 of every extraction4 ,on the ocean1 on 
the rivers1 on the land1 on the heights 
where they thundered down from the      
clouds of ,lookout ,mountain the        
defiance of the skies1 they have graven 
with their swords a record imperishable1
  ,the ,muse herself demands the lapse  
of silent years to soften1 by the       
influences of ,time1 her too keen and   
poignant realization of the scenes of   
,war--the pathos1 the heroism1 the      
fierce joy1 the grief of battle4 ,but1  
during the ages to come1 she will brood 
over their memory4 ,into the hearts of  
her consecrated priests will breathe the

 inspirations of lofty and undying      
,beauty1 ,sublimity and ,truth1 in all  
the glowing forms of speech1 of         
literature and plastic art4 ,by the     
homely traditions of the fireside--by   
the head-stones in the church-yard      
consecrated to those whose farms repose 
far off in rude graves by the           
,rappahannock1 or sleep beneath the     
sea1--embalmed in the memories of       
succeeding generations of parents and   
children1 the heroic dead will live on  
in immortal youth4 ,by their names1     
their character1 their service1 their   
fate1 their glory1 they cannot fail3--  
,they never fail who die          ,in a 
great cause2 the block may soak their   
gore2          ,their heads may sodden  
in the sun1 their limbs          ,be    
strung to city gates and castle walls2  
,but still their spirit walks abroad4   
,though years          ,elapse and      
others share as dark a doom1            
,they but augment the deep and sweeping 
thoughts          ,which overpower all  

others1 and conduct          ,the world 
at last to ,freedom4  ,the edict of     
,nantes maintaining the religious       
liberty of the ,huguenots gave lustre to
 the fame of ,henry the ,great1 whose   
name will gild the pages of philosophic 
history after mankind may have forgotten
 the martial prowess and the white plume
 of ,navarre4 ,the ,great ,proclamation 
of ,liberty will lift the ,ruler who    
uttered it1 our ,nation and our ,age1   
above all vulgar destiny4  ,the bell    
which rang out the ,declaration of      
independence1 has found at last a voice 
articulate1 to ,proclaim ,liberty       
throughout all the ,land unto all the   
,inhabitants thereof4 ,it has been heard
 across oceans1 and has modified the    
sentiments of cabinets and kings4 ,the  
people of the ,old ,world have heard it1
 and their hearts stop to catch the last
 whisper of its echoes4 ,the poor slave 
has heard it1 and with bounding joy1    
tempered by the mystery of religion1 he 
worships and adores4 ,the waiting       

,continent has heard it1 and already    
foresees the fulfilled prophecy1 when   
she will sit redeemed1 regenerated1 and 
disenthralled by the irresistible       
,genius of ,universal ,emancipation4    
,j4 ,a4 ,andrew4                        
,,cclxxviii4                       ,,the
 ,,significance ,,of ,,the ,,contest4   
,i hold this armed contest to be a great
 historical movement1 and to have high  
moral interest and significance because 
it is to determine the character of the 
institutions under which we1 and those  
who come after us1 are to live4 ,you are
 not merely sustaining the              
administration of ,president ,lincoln   
against unlawful combinations1 but you  
are fighting on the side of law1 order1 
government1 civilization and progress4  
,the result of this war is to settle the
 question whether they who are hereafter
 to inhabit this magnificent country are
 or are not to have that primal blessing
 of a good government1 without which the
 most abundant material resources are as

 valueless as scientific books or       
philosophical installments would be     
among the most barbarous tribes of      
,africa or ,australia4 ,surely there    
cannot be imagined a war more worthy of 
calling forth all the energies of a     
great people than this4  ,and if ,i am  
asked to define my meaning more         
distinctly and precisely1 ,i say that   
the questions now submitted to the stern
 arbitrament of war are substantially   
these3 ,is the ,constitution of the     
,united ,states a compact or a law8 ,is 
this ,union a ,commonwealth1 a ,state1  
or is it merely a confederacy or a      
copartnership8 ,is there a right of     
secession in the separate ,states1      
singly or collectively1 other than the  
right of revolution8 ,these are         
momentous questions1 and if they can be 
settled in no other way than by a war1  
then such a war is worth the price it   
costs1 great as that is4 ,for if the    
right of secession be fairly and        
logically deducible from the            

,constitution--if any ,state1 upon its  
own mere motion1 with cause or without  
cause1 can withdraw from the ,union as a
 partner may dissolve a                 
copartnership--then the ,constitution   
itself is a stupendous failure1 the men 
who made it were bungling journeymen and
 not master-mechanics1 and to           
institutions of our country1 so far from
 deserving our gratitude and admiration1
 are worthy only of our contempt4 ,the  
hour has come1 and the men have come1 to
 settle these issues1 fraught with such 
vital consequences to unborn millions4  
,the dusky clouds1 surcharged with      
electric fires1 that stand front to     
front in mid air and darken the heavens 
with their power1 have been long in     
gathering2 let the storm continue till  
the air is cleared--and no longer4  ,i  
want to have it now determined that for 
all future time any ,state1 or any      
cluster of ,states1 that may attempt to 
coerce or bully a legal and             
constitutional majority by the threat of

 secession1 shall be met with the       
answer3 ,you don't go out of this ,union
 unless you are strong enough to fight  
your way out4 ,i want to have the armed 
heel of the country crush the serpent   
head of secession1 now and forever1 so  
that it shall never again glare with its
 baleful eyes1 or brandish its venomous 
tongue4 ,let not the fate and fortunes  
of this glorious country be committed to
 the keeping of a clumsy1 misshapen     
raft1 compacted of twenty-four or       
thirty-four logs1 good enough to float  
down a river1 but sure to go to pieces  
when it gets into deep water2 ,let let  
them be embarked on board a goodly ship1
 well found1 well fastened1 well        
manned--in which every timber and plank 
has been so fashioned as to contribute  
to the beauty and strength of the whole 
fabric1 with a good seaman at the helm1 
the ,constitution in the binnacle1 and  
the stars and stripes at the masthead4  
,when the time of my departure shall    
come1 let me feel1 let me know1 that ,i 

leave those whom ,i love under the      
protection of a government good enough  
to secure the affection of its subjects1
 and strong enough to enforce their     
obedience4 ,remember that if a strong   
government be sometimes bad1 a weak     
government is never good4               
,g4 ,s4 ,hillard4                       
,,cclxxix4                     ,,the    
,,military ,,capacity ,,of ,,the        
,,people4  ,we have cause for gratitude 
in the military capacity which our      
people have developed4 ,we had no great 
standing armies4 ,we had but a single   
thoroughly furnished military school4   
,there was no military profession       
proper1 inviting young men on the       
threshold of life to choose the trade of
 arms4 ,a soldier's garb was a rare     
spectacle1 and every child ran to the   
window to gaze at the passing glitter4  
,whence should come our fighting men if 
the bugle should blow8 ,you must have   
men before you have soldiers4 ,our      
institutions raised men4 ,proverbially  

the ,yankee can turn his hand to        
anything4 ,he likes to do well what he  
undertakes4 ,he has a pride in showing  
himself equal to his position4 ,above   
all1 he has force of personal character4
 ,when a ,northern regiment makes a     
charge1 it is not merely the weight of  
so much physical humanity2 there goes   
weight of character with it4 ,why1 there
 is an accomplished schoolmaster there1 
and the best blacksmith of the village1 
and a solid merchant1 and a dexterous   
lawyer1 and the handiest coachman of the
 stable1 and a well known stage-driver  
on a prominent public route1 and a      
butcher with an unerring cleaver1 and a 
jolly tar whose vessel never missed     
stays with his hand at the wheel2 do you
 suppose that these men are going to    
charge like so many nameless ,hessians8 
,why1 it is a personal matter with every
 one of them4 ,they go in under orders1 
to be sure1 but they have not lost the  
sense of individual responsibility4 ,the
 thing is to be well done because they  

are there4 ,i know it1 my friends1 the  
personal character of our recruits lends
 weight and irresistibleness to them as 
soldiers4  ,there have been no braver   
men1 no stouter soldiers1 in all war's  
red annals1 than these armed clerks1    
farmers1 college boys1 and their        
comrades of every peaceful calling4     
,each community keeps the name of some  
young hero1 nobler than ,spartan mothers
 ever welcomed on his shield4 ,redder   
blood never stained the earth1 than     
those full libations our new mustered   
ranks have poured out for union1 law1   
and liberty4 ,there has been no fighting
 in the bloody past of human story1     
where muzzle to muzzle and steel to     
steel1 bold hearts have more truly      
played the man1 than in those battles of
 two years past in which our citizen    
armies have saved our nationality4      
,never have the hardships of the camp1  
the march1 the field1 and the trenches1 
and the merciless privations of         
imprisonment been more heroically       

endured4 ,it was not needed--and our    
,president said it well--to consecrate  
the sacred acres of ,gettysburg2 that   
was already done by the deep baptism    
that had laved those hills1 and not that
 field only1 but all the sands and sods 
and waves our boys' brave blood have    
crimsoned4 ,no land beneath the blue    
heavens was ever kept by stouter living 
bulwarks2 no mourners ever had a nobler 
heritage than those that mourn our      
soldier-dead4                           
,a4 ,l4 ,stone4                         
,,cclxxx4                               
,,limit ,,to ,,human ,,dominion4  ,god  
has given the land to man1 but the sea  
,he has reserved to ,himself4 ,the sea  
is ,his1 and ,he made it4 ,he has given 
man no inheritance in it2 no1 not so    
much as to set his foot on4 ,if he      
enters its domain1 he enters it as a    
pilgrim and a stranger4 ,he may pass    
over it1 but he can have no abiding     
place upon it4 ,he cannot build his     
house1 nor so much as pitch his tent    

within it4 ,he cannot mark it with his  
lines1 nor subdue it to his uses1 nor   
rear his monuments upon it4 ,it         
steadfastly refuses to own him as its   
lord and master4 ,its depths do not     
tremble at his coming4 ,its waters do   
not flee when he appeareth4 ,all the    
strength of all his generations is to it
 as a feather before the whirlwind2 and 
all the noise of his commerce1 and all  
the thunder of his navies1 it can hush  
in a moment within the silence of its   
impenetrable abysses4 ,whole armies have
 gone down into that unfathomable       
darkness1 and not a floating bubble     
marks the place of their disappearing4  
,if all the populations of the world1   
from the beginning of time1 were cast   
into its depths the smooth surface of   
its oblivion would close over them in an
 hour2 and if all the cities of the     
earth1 and all the structures and       
monuments ever reared by man were heaped
 together over that grave for a         
tombstone1 it would not break the       

surface of the deep or lift back their  
memory to the light of the sun and the  
breath of the upper air4 ,the sea would 
roll its billows in derision1 a thousand
 fathoms deep1 above the topmost stone  
of that mighty sepulchre4 ,the patient  
earth submits to the rule of man1 and   
the mountains bow their rocky heads     
before the hammer of his power and the  
blast of his terrible enginery4 ,the sea
 cares not for him2 not so much as a    
single hair's breadth can its level be  
lowered or lifted by all the art1 and   
all the effort1 and all the enginery of 
all the generations of time4 ,he comes  
and goes upon it1 and a moment after it 
is as if he had never been there4 ,he   
may engrave his titles upon the mountain
 top1 and quarry his signature into the 
foundations of the globe1 but he cannot 
write his name on the sea4 ,and thus1 by
 its material uses and its spiritual    
voices1 does the sea ever speak to us1  
to tell up that its builder and maker is
 ,god4 ,he hewed its channels in the    

deep1 and drew its barriers upon the    
stand1 and cast its belted waters around
 the world4 ,he fitted it to the earth  
and the sky1 and poised them skilfully1 
the one against the other1 when ,he     
measured the waters in the hollow of    
,his hand1 and meted out heaven with the
 span1 and comprehended the dust of the 
earth in a measure1 and weighted the    
mountains in scales1 and the hills in a 
balance4 ,he gave the sea its wonderful 
laws1 and armed it with its wonderful   
powers1 and set it upon its wonderful   
work4           ,o'er all its breadth   
,his wisdom walks1          ,on all its 
waves ,his goodness shines4             
,l4 ,swain4                             
,,cclxxxi4                         ,,the
 ,,battle ,,of ,,civilizations4  ,our   
war is only an appeal from the          
nineteenth century of freedom and       
ballots to the system of the sixteenth  
century4 ,the old conflict1--a new      
weapon1 that is all4 ,the ,south thought
 because once1 twice1 thrice1 the       

spaniel ,north had gotten down on her   
knees1 that this time1 also1 poisoned by
 cotton-dust1 she would kiss her feet4  
,but instead of that1 for the first time
 in our history1 the ,north has flung   
the insult back1 and said3 ,by the      
,almighty1 the ,mississippi is mine1 and
 ,i will have it4 ,now1 when shall come 
peace8 ,out of this warlike conflict1   
when shall come peace8 ,just as it came 
in the conflict of parties and          
discussion4 ,whenever one civilization  
gets the uppermost positively1 then     
there will be peace1 and never till     
then4  ,there is no new thing under the 
sun4 ,the light shed upon our future is 
the light of experience4 ,seventy years 
have not left us ignorant of what the   
aristocracy of the ,south means and     
plans4 ,the ,south needs to rule1 or she
 goes by the board4 ,she is a wise      
power4 ,i respect her for it4 ,she knows
 that she needs to rule4 ,what does ,mr4
 ,jefferson ,davis plan8 ,do you suppose
 he plans for an imaginary line to      

divide ,south ,carolina from ,new ,york 
and ,massachusetts8 ,what good would    
that do8 ,an imaginary line would not   
shut out ideas4 ,but she must bar out   
those ideas4 ,that is the programme in  
the ,south4 ,he imagines he can broaden 
his base by allying himself to a weaker 
race4 ,he says3 ,i will join marriage   
with the weak races of ,mexico and the  
,southwest1 and then1 perhaps1 ,i can   
draw to my side the ,northwest1 with its
 interests as an agricultural           
population1 naturally allied to me1 and 
not to the ,northeast1 with its tariff  
set of ,states4 ,and he thinks thus1 a  
strong1 quiet1 slaveholding empire1 he  
will bar ,new ,england and ,new ,york   
out in the cold1 and will have          
comparative peace4  ,but if he bar ,new 
,england out in the cold1 what then8    
,she is still there4 ,and give it only  
the fulcrum of ,plymouth ,rock an idea  
will upheave the continent4 ,now1 ,davis
 knows that better than we do1--a great 
deal better4 ,his plan1 therefore is to 

mould an empire so strong1 so broad1    
that it can control ,new ,england and   
,new ,york4 ,he is not only to found a  
slaveholding despotism1 but he is to    
make it so strong that1 by traitors     
among us1 and hemming us in by power1 he
 is to cripple1 confine1 break down1 the
 free discussion of these ,northern     
,states4 ,unless he does that1 he is not
 safe4 ,he knows it4 ,now ,i do not say 
he will succeed1 but ,i tell you what ,i
 think is the plan of a statesmanlike   
leader of this effort4 ,to make slavery 
safe1 he must mould ,massachusetts1 not 
into being a slaveholding ,commonwealth1
 but into being a silent1 unprotesting  
,commonwealth2 that ,maryland and       
,virginia1 the ,carolinas1 and          
,arkansas1 may be quiet1 peaceable      
populations4 ,he is a wise man4 ,he     
knows what he wants1 and he wants it    
with a will1 like ,julius ,csar of old4 
,he has gathered every dollar and every 
missile south of ,mason and ,dixon's    
line to hurl a thunderbolt that shall   

serve his purpose4 ,and if he does      
achieve a separate confederacy1 and     
shall be able to bribe the ,west into   
neutrality1 much less alliance1 a       
dangerous time1 and a terrible battle1  
will these ,eastern ,states have4 ,for  
they will never make peace4 ,the ,yankee
 who comes out of ,cromwell's bosom will
 fight his ,naseby a hundred years1 if  
it last so long1 but he will conquer4   
,in other words1 ,davis will try to     
rule4 ,if he conquers1 he is to bring1  
in his phrase1 ,carolina to             
,massachusetts4 ,and if we conquer1 what
 is our policy8 ,to carry ,massachusetts
 to ,carolina4 ,in other words1 carry   
,northern civilization all over the     
,south4 ,it is a contest between        
civilizations4 ,which ever conquers     
supersedes the other4                   
,w4 ,phillips4                          
,,cclxxxii4                             
,,secession ,,the ,,death ,,of          
,,slavery4  ,severed from us1 ,south    
,carolina must have a government4 ,you  

see now a reign of terror1--threats to  
raise means4 ,that can only last a day4 
,some system must give a support to a   
government4 ,it is an expensive luxury4 
,you must lay taxes to support it4      
,where will you levy your taxes8 ,they  
must rest on productions4 ,productions  
are the result of skilled labor4 ,you   
must educate your laborer1 if you would 
have the means for carrying on a        
government4 ,despotisms are cheap2 free 
governments are a dear luxury1--the     
machinery is complicated and expensive4 
,if the ,south wants a theoretical      
republic1 she must pay for it1 she must 
have a basis for taxation4 ,how will she
 pay for it8 ,why1 ,massachusetts1 with 
a million workmen1--men1 women1 and     
children1--the little feet that can just
 toddle bringing chips from the         
wood-pile4--,massachusetts only pays her
 own board and lodging1 and lays by     
about four per cent a year4 ,and ,south 
,carolina1 with one half idlers1 and the
 other half slaves1 a slave doing only  

half the work of a freeman1--only one   
quarter of the population actually at   
work1 how much do you suppose she lays  
up8 ,lays up a loss6 ,by all the laws of
 political economy1 she lays up         
bankruptcy2 of course she does6 ,put her
 out1 and let her see how sheltered she 
has been from the laws of trade by the  
,union6 ,the free labor of the ,north   
pays her plantation patrol2 we pay for  
her government1 we pay for her postage1 
and for everything else4 ,launch her    
out1 and let her see if she can make the
 year's ends meet6 ,and when she tries1 
she must educate her labor in order to  
get the basis for taxation4 ,educate    
slaves6 ,make a locomotive with its     
furnaces of open wirework1 fill them    
with anthracite coal1 and when you have 
raised it to a white heat1 mount and    
drive it through a powder magazine1 and 
you are safe1 compared with a           
slaveholding community educating its    
slaves4 ,but ,south ,carolina must do   
it1 in order to get the basis for       

taxation to support an independent      
government4 ,the moment she does it1 she
 removes the safeguard of slavery4      
,what is the contest in ,virginia now8  
,between the men who want to make their 
slaves mechanics1 for the increased     
wages it will secure1 and the men who   
oppose1 for fear of the influence it    
will have on the general security of    
slave property and white throats4 ,just 
that dispute will go on1 wherever the   
,union is dissolved4 ,slavery comes to  
an end by the laws of trade4 ,hang up   
your ,sharpe's rifle1 my valorous       
friend6 ,the slave does not ask the help
 of your musket4 ,he only says1 like old
 ,diogenes to ,alexander1 ,stand out of 
my light6 ,just take your awkward       
proportions1 you ,yankee ,democrat and  
,republican1 out of the light and heat  
of ,god's laws of political economy1 and
 they will melt the slaves' chains away6
                                        
,w4 ,phillips4                          
,,cclxxxiii4                ,,the       

,,commencement ,,of ,,the               
,,anti-,,slavery ,,movement4  ,no matter
 where you meet a dozen earnest men     
pledged to a new idea1--wherever you    
have met them1 you have met the         
beginning of a revolution4 ,revolutions 
are not made3 they come4 ,a revolution  
is as natural a growth as an oak4 ,it   
comes out of the past4 ,its foundations 
are laid far back4 ,the child feels2 he 
grows into a man1 and thinks2 another1  
perhaps1 speaks1 and the world acts out 
the thought4 ,and this is the history of
 modern society4 ,men undervalue the    
,anti-slavery movement1 because they    
imagine you can always put your finger  
on some illustrious moment in history1  
and say1 here commenced the great change
 which has come over the nation4 ,not   
so4 ,the beginning of great changes is  
like the rise of the ,mississippi4 ,a   
child must stoop and gather away the    
pebbles to find it4 ,but soon it swells 
broader and broader1 bears on its ample 
bosom the navies of a mighty republic1  

fills the ,gulf1 and divides a          
continent4  ,i remember a story of      
,napoleon which illustrates my meaning4 
,we are apt to trace his control of     
,france to some noted victory1 to the   
time when he camped in the ,tuileries1  
or when he dissolved the ,assembly by   
the stamp of his foot4 ,he reigned in   
fact when his hand was first felt on the
 helm of the vessel of state1 and that  
was far back of the time when he had    
conquered in ,italy1 or his name had    
been echoed over two continents4 ,it was
 on the day when five hundred irresolute
 men were met in that ,assembly which   
called itself1 and pretended to be1 the 
government of ,france4 ,they heard that 
the mob of ,paris was coming the next   
morning1 thirty thousand strong1 to turn
 them1 as was usual in those days1 out  
of doors4 ,and where did this seemingly 
great power go for its support and      
refuge8 ,they sent ,tallien to seek out 
a boy-lieutenant1--the shadow of an     
officer1--so thin and pallid that1 when 

he was placed on the stand before them1 
the ,president of the ,assembly1        
fearful1 if the fate of ,france rested  
on the shrunken form1 the ashy cheek    
before him1 that all hope was gone1     
asked1 ,young man1 can you protect the  
,assembly8 ,and the stern lips of the   
,corsican boy parted only to reply1 ,i  
always do what ,i undertake6 ,then and  
there ,napoleon ascended his throne2 and
 the next day1 from the steps of ,st4   
,roche1 thundered forth the cannon which
 taught the mob of ,paris1 for the first
 time1 that it had a master4 ,that was  
the commencement of the ,empire4 ,so the
 ,anti-slavery movement commenced       
unheeded in that obscure hole which     
,mayor ,otis could not find1 occupied by
 a printer and a black boy4             
,w4 ,phillips4                          
,,cclxxxiv4                             
,,touch ,,not ,,slavery  ,what6 you the 
descendants of those men of iron who    
preferred a life-or-death struggle with 
misery on the bleak and wintry coast of 

,new ,england to submission to          
priestcraft and kingcraft2 you1 the     
offspring of those hardy pioneers who   
set their faces against all the dangers 
and difficulties that surround the early
 settler's life2 you1 who subdued the   
forces of wild nature1 cleared away the 
primeval forest1 covered the end less   
prairie with human habitations2 you1    
this race of bold reformers who blended 
together the most incongruous elements  
of birth and creed1 who built up a      
government which you called a model     
republic1 and undertook to show mankind 
how to be free2 you1 the mighty nation  
of the ,west1 that presumes to defy the 
world in arms1 and to subject a         
hemisphere to its sovereign dictation2  
you1 who boast of recoiling from no     
enterprise ever so great1 and no problem
 ever so fearful--the spectral monster  
of ,slavery stares you in the face1 and 
now your blood runs cold1 and all your  
courage fails you8 ,for half a century  
it has disturbed the peace of this      

,republic2 it has arrogated to itself   
your national domain2 it has attempted  
to establish its absolute rule1 and to  
absorb even your future development2 it 
has disgraced you in the eyes of        
mankind1 and now it endeavors to ruin   
you if it cannot rule you2 it raises its
 murderous hand against the institutions
 most dear to you2 it attempts to draw  
the power of foreign nations upon your  
heads2 it swallows up the treasures you 
have earned by long years of labor2 it  
drinks the blood of your sons and the   
tears of your wives and now1 every day  
it is whispered in your ears1 ,whatever 
,slavery may have done to you1 whatever 
you may suffer1 touch it not6 ,no matter
 how many thousand millions of your     
wealths it may cost1 no matter how much 
blood you may have to shed in order to  
disarm its murderous hand1 touch it not6
 ,no matter how many years of peace and 
prosperity you may have to sacrifice in 
order to prolong its existence1 touch it
 not6 ,and if it should cost you your   

honor1 touch it not6  ,listen to this   
story3 ,on the ,lower ,potomac1 as the  
papers tell us1 a negro comes within our
 lines1 and tells the valiant defenders 
of the ,union that his master conspires 
with the rebels1 and has a quantity of  
arms concealed in a swamp2 our soldiers 
go and find the arms2 the master        
reclaims the slave2 the slave is given  
up2 the master ties him to his horse1   
drags him along eleven miles to his     
house1 lashes him to a tree1 and1 with  
the assistance of his overseer1 whips   
him three hours--three mortal hours2    
then the negro dies4 ,that black man    
served the ,union2 ,slavery attempts to 
destroy the ,union2 the ,union          
surrenders the black man to ,slavery1   
and he is whipped to death--touch it    
not6 ,let an imperishable blush of shame
 cover every cheek in this boasted land 
of freedom--but be careful not to touch 
,slavery6 ,ah1 what a dark divinity is  
this1 that we must sacrifice to it our  
peace1 our prosperity1 our blood1 our   

future1 our honor6 ,what an insatiable  
vampire is this that drinks out the very
 marrow of our manliness6 ,pardon me2   
this sounds like a dark dream1 like the 
offspring of a hypochondriac            
imagination2 and yet--have ,i been      
unjust in what ,i have said8            
,carl ,schurz4                          
,,cclxxxv4                              
,,ohio4  ,ohio rises before the world as
 the majestic witness to the beneficent 
reality of the democratic principle4 ,a 
commonwealth younger in years than he   
who addresses you1 not long ago having  
no visible existence but in the emigrant
 wagons1 now numbers almost as large a  
population as that of all ,england when 
it gave birth to ,raleigh1 and ,bacon1  
and ,shakespeare1 and began its         
continuous attempts at colonizing       
,america4 ,each one of her inhabitants  
gladdens in the fruit of his own toil4  
,she possesses wealth that must be      
computed by thousands of millions2 and  
her frugal1 industrious and benevolent  

people1 at once daring and prudent1     
unfettered in the use of their          
faculties1 restless in enterprise1 do   
not squander the accumulations of their 
industry in vain show1 but ever go on to
 render the earth more productive1 more 
beautiful1 and more convenient to man2  
mastering for mechanical purposes the   
unwitting forces of nature2 keeping     
exemplary good faith with their public  
creditors2 building in half a century   
more4 churches than all ,england has    
raised since this continent was         
discovered2 endowing and sustaining     
universities and other seminaries of    
learning4 ,conscious of the dynamic     
power of mind in action as the best of  
fortresses1 ,ohio keeps no standing army
 but that of her school-teachers1 of    
whom she pays more than twenty thousand2
 she provides a library for every       
school-district2 she counts among her   
citizens more than three hundred        
thousand men who can bear arms1 and she 
has more than twice that number of      

children registered as students in her  
public schools4 ,here the purity of     
domestic morals is maintained by the    
virtue and dignity of woman4 ,in the    
heart of the temperate zone of this     
continent1 in the land of corn1 of      
wheat1 and the vine1 the eldest daughter
 of the ,ordinance of #aghg1 already the
 young mother of other commonwealths    
that bid fair to vie with her in beauty1
 rises in her loveliness and glory1     
crowned with cities1 and challenges the 
admiration of the world4 ,hither should 
come the political skeptic1 who1 in his 
despair1 is ready to strand the ship of 
state2 for here he may learn how to     
guide it safely on the waters4 ,should  
some modern ,telemachus1 heir to an     
island empire1 touch these shores1 here 
he may observe the vitality and strength
 of the principle of popular power2 take
 from the book of experience the lesson 
that in public affairs great and happy  
results follow in proportion to faith in
 the efficacy of that principle1 and    

learn to rebuke ill-advised counsellors 
who pronounce the most momentous and    
most certain of political truths a      
delusion and a failure4                 
,g4 ,bancroft4                          
,,cclxxxvi4                 ,,the       
,,controversy ,,between ,,the ,,north   
,,and ,,south4  ,it is exceedingly      
desirable that all parts of this great  
,confederacy shall be at peace1 and in  
harmony1 one with another4 ,let us do   
our part to have it so4 ,even though    
much provoked1 let us do nothing through
 passion and ill temper4 ,even though   
the ,southern people will not so much as
 listen to us1 let us calmly consider   
their demands1 and yield to them if1 in 
our deliberate view of our duty1 we     
possibly can4 ,the question is1 ,what   
will satisfy them8 ,simply this3 ,we    
must not only let them alone1 but we    
must1 somehow1 convince them that we do 
let them alone4 ,this1 we know by       
experience1 is no easy task4 ,we have   
been trying to convince them from the   

very beginning of our organization1 but 
with no success4 ,in all our platforms  
and speeches we have constantly         
protested our purpose to let them alone2
 but this has had no tendency to        
convince them4 ,what will convince them8
 ,this1 and this only3 cease to call    
slavery wrong1 and join them in calling 
it right4 ,and this must be done        
thoroughly--done in acts as well as in  
words4 ,silence will not be tolerated we
 must place ourselves avowedly with     
them4 ,senator ,douglas's new sedition  
law must be enacted and enforced        
suppressing all declarations that       
slavery is wrong1 whether made in       
politics1 in presses1 in pulpits or in  
private4 ,we must arrest and return     
their fugitive slaves with greedy       
pleasure4 ,we must pull down our ,free  
,state constitutions4 ,the whole        
atmosphere must be disinfected from all 
taint of opposition to slavery1 before  
they will cease to believe that all     
their troubles proceed from us4  ,i am  

quite aware they do not state their case
 precisely in this way4 ,most of them   
would probably say to us3 ,let us alone1
 do nothing to us1 and say what you     
please about slavery4 ,but we do let    
them alone--have never disturbed        
them--so that1 after all1 it is what we 
say1 which dissatisfies them4 ,they will
 continue to accuse us of doing1 until  
we cease saying4  ,nor can we           
justifiably withhold this1 an any ground
 save our conviction that slavery is    
wrong4 ,if slavery is right1 all words1 
acts1 laws1 and constitutions against   
it1 are themselves wrong1 and should be 
silenced1 and swept away4 ,if it is     
right1 we can not justly object to its  
nationality--its universality2 if it is 
wrong1 they cannot justly insist upon   
its extension--its enlargement4 ,all    
they ask1 we could readily grant1 if we 
thought slavery right2 all we ask1 they 
could as readily grant1 if they thought 
it wrong4 ,their thinking it right and  
our thinking it wrong1 is the precise   

fact upon which depends the whole       
controversy4 ,thinking it right1 as they
 do1 they are not to blame for desiring 
its full recognition1 as being right2   
but1 thinking it wrong1 as we do1 can we
 yield to them8 ,can we cast our votes  
with their view1 and against our own8   
,in view of our moral1 social1 and      
political responsibilities1 can we do   
this8  ,wrong as we think slavery is1 we
 can yet afford to let it alone where it
 is1 because that much is due to the    
necessity arising from its actual       
presence in the nation2 but can we1     
while our votes will prevent it1 allow  
it to spread into the ,national         
,territories1 and to overrun us here in 
these ,free ,states8 ,if our sense of   
duty forbids this1 then let us stand by 
our duty1 fearlessly and effectively4   
,neither let us be slandered from our   
duty by false accusations against us1   
nor frightened from it by menaces either
 of destruction to the government or of 
dungeons to ourselves4 ,,let ,,us ,,have

 ,,faith ,,that ,,right ,,makes ,,might1
 ,,and ,,in ,,that ,,faith1 ,,let ,,us1 
,,to ,,the ,,end ,,dare ,,to ,,do ,,our 
,,duty ,,as ,,we ,,understand ,,it4     
,a4 ,lincoln4                           
,,cclxxxvii4                            
,,the ,,pretext ,,of ,,rebellion4  ,if  
war must come--if the bayonet must be   
used to maintain the ,constitution--,i  
can say1 before ,god1 my conscience is  
clear4 ,i have struggled long for a     
peaceful solution of the difficulty4 ,i 
have not only tendered those ,states    
what was theirs of right1 but ,i have   
gone to the very extreme off            
magnanimity1 ,the return we receive is  
war1 armies marched upon our ,capital   
obstructions and danger to our          
navigation1 letters of marque to invite 
pirates to prey upon our commerce1 a    
concerted movement to blot out the      
,united ,states of ,america from the map
 of the globe4 ,the question is1 ,are we
 to be stricken down by those who1 when 
they can no longer govern1 threaten to  

destroy8 ,what cause1 what excuse do    
disunionists give us for breaking up the
 best government on which the sun of    
heaven ever shed its rays8 ,they are    
dissatisfied with the result of a       
,presidential election4 ,did they never 
get beaten before8 ,are we to resort to 
the sword when we get defeated at the   
ballot-box8 ,i understand that the voice
 of the people expressed in the mode    
appointed by the ,constitution must     
command the obedience of every citizen4 
,they assume1 on the election of a      
particular candidate1 that their rights 
are not safe in the ,union4 ,what       
evidence do they present of this8 ,i    
defy any man to show any act on which it
 is based4 ,what act has been omitted or
 been done8 ,i appeal to these assembled
 thousands1 that so far as the          
constitutional rights of the ,southern  
,states--,i will say the constitutional 
rights of slaveholders--are concerned1  
nothing has been done1 and nothing      
omitted1 of which they can complain4    

,there has never been a time1 from the  
day that ,washington was inaugurated    
first ,president of these ,united       
,states1 when the rights of the         
,southern ,states stood firmer under the
 laws of the land than they do now2     
there never was a time when they had not
 as good a cause for disunion as they   
have to-day4 ,what good cause have they 
now that has not existed under every    
administration8 ,if they say the        
,territorial question--now1 for the     
first time1 there is no act of ,congress
 prohibiting slavery anywhere4 ,if it be
 the non-enforcement of the laws1 the   
only complaints that ,i have heard have 
been of the too vigorous and faithful   
fulfillment of the ,fugitive ,slave     
,law4 ,then what reason have they8 ,the 
slavery question is a mere excuse4 ,the 
election of ,lincoln is a mere pretext4 
,the present secession movement is the  
result of an enormous conspiracy formed 
more than a year since--foraged by      
leaders in the ,southern ,confederacy   

more than twelve months ago4 ,they use  
the slavery question as a means to aid  
the accomplishment of their ends4 ,they 
desired the election of a ,northern     
candidate1 by a sectional vote1 in order
 to show that the two sections cannot   
live together4 ,when the history of the 
two years from the ,lecompton charter   
down to the ,presidential election shall
 be written1 it will be shown that the  
scheme was deliberately made to break up
 this ,union4 ,they desired a ,northern 
,republican to be elected by a purely   
,northern vote1 and now assign this fact
 as a reason why the sections may not   
longer live together4 ,if the disunion  
candidate in the late ,presidential     
contest had carried the united ,south1  
their scheme was1 the ,northern         
candidate successful1 to seize the      
,capital last spring1 and1 by a united  
,south and divided ,north1 hold it4     
,that scheme was defeated in the defeat 
of the disunion candidate in several of 
the ,southern states4 ,the conspiracy is

 now known4 ,armies have been raised1   
war is levied to accomplish it4 ,there  
are only two sides to the question4     
,every man must be for the ,united      
,states or against them4 ,there can be  
no neutrals in this war2 only patriots  
or traitors4                            
,s4 ,a4 ,douglass4                      
,,cclxxxviii4                    ,,no   
,,neutrals2 ,,only ,,patriots ,,or      
,,traitors4  ,but this is no time for a 
detail of causes4 ,the conspiracy is now
 known4 ,armies have been raised1 war is
 levied to accomplish it4 ,there are    
only two sides to the question4 ,every  
man must be for the ,united ,states or  
against them4 ,there can be no neutrals 
in this war2 only patriots or tractors4 
,we cannot close our eyes to the sad and
 solemn fact that war does exist4 ,the  
government must be maintained1 its      
enemies overthrown2 and the more        
stupendous our preparations the less the
 bloodshed1 and the shorter the struggle
 will be4 ,but we must remember certain 

restraints on our action even in time of
 war4 ,we are a ,christian people1 and  
the war must be prosecuted in a manner  
recognized by ,christian nations4 ,we   
must not invade constitutional rights4  
,the innocent must not suffer1 nor women
 or children be the victims4 ,savages   
must not be let loose4 ,but while ,i    
sanction no war on the rights of others1
 ,i will implore my countrymen not to   
lay down their arms until our own rights
 are recognized4 ,the ,constitution and 
its guarantees are our birth right1 and 
,i am ready to enforce that inalienable 
right to the last extent4 ,we cannot    
recognize secession4 ,recognize it once1
 and you have not only dissolved        
government1 but you have destroyed      
social order1 and upturned the          
foundations of society ,you have        
inaugurated anarchy in its worst form1  
and will shortly experience all the     
horrors of the ,french ,revolution4     
,then we have a solemn duty1--to        
maintain the government4 ,the greater   

our unanimity1 the speedier the day of  
peace4 ,we have prejudices to overcome  
from a fierce party contest waged a few 
short months since4 ,yet these must be  
allayed4 ,let us lay aside all          
criminations and recriminations as to   
the origin of these difficulties4 ,when 
we shall have again a country1 with the 
,united ,states flag floating over it1  
and respected on every inch of ,american
 soil1 it will then be time enough to   
ask who and what brought all this upon  
us4 ,i have said more than ,i intended  
to say4 ,it is a sad task to discuss    
questions so fearful as civil war2 but  
sad as it is1 bloody and disastrous as  
,i expect the war will be1 ,i express it
 as my conviction1 before ,god1 that it 
is the duty of every ,american citizen  
to rally round the flag of his country4 
,s4 ,a4 ,douglass4                      
,,cclxxxix4           ,,on ,,the        
,,ordinance ,,of ,,secession ,,in ,,the 
,,georgia ,,convention4  ,this step1    
once taken1 can never be recalled2 and  

all the baleful and withering           
consequences that follow will rest on   
the convention for all coming time4     
,when we and our posterity shall see our
 lovely ,south desolated by the demon of
 war1 which this act of yours will      
inevitably invite and call forth2 when  
your green fields of waving harvests    
shall be trodden down by the murderous  
soldiery and the very car of war        
sweeping over our land2 our temples of  
justice laid in ashes2 all the horrors  
and desolation of war upon us1 who but  
this convention will be held responsible
 for it8 and who but him who shall have 
given his vote for this unwise and      
ill-timed measure shall be held to      
strict account for this suicidal act by 
the present generation1 and probably    
cursed and execrated by posterity for   
all coming time1 for the wide and       
desolating ruin that will inevitably    
follow this act you now propose to      
perpetrate8  ,pause1 ,i entreat you1 and
 consider for a moment what reasons you 

can give that will ever satisfy         
yourselves in calmer moments1--what     
reasons you can give to your            
fellow-sufferers in the calamity that it
 will bring upon us8 ,what reason can   
you give the nations of the earth to    
justify it8 ,they will be the calm and  
deliberate judges in the case1 and to   
what cause1 or one overt act can you    
point1 on which to rest the plea of     
justification8 ,what right has the      
,north assailed8 ,what interest of the  
,south has been invaded8 ,what justice  
has been denied8 and what claim founded 
in justice and right has been withheld8 
can either of you to-day name one       
governmental act of wrong deliberately  
and purposely done by the government at 
,washington of which the ,south has a   
right to complain8 ,i challenge the     
answer6 ,while1 on the other hand1 let  
me show the facts 7and believe me1      
gentlemen1 ,i am not here the advocate  
of the ,north1 but am here the firm     
friend and lover of the ,south and her  

institutions1 and for this reason ,i    
speak thus plainly and faithfully for   
yours1 mine1 and every other man's      
interest1 the words of truth and        
soberness17 let me show the facts1 ,i   
say1 of which ,i wish you to judge1 and 
,i will only state facts which are clear
 and undeniable1 and which now stand as 
records authentic in the history of our 
country4  ,when we of the ,south        
demanded the slave-trade1 or the        
importation of ,africans for the        
cultivation of our lands1 did they not  
yield the right for twenty years8 ,when 
we asked a three-fifths representation  
in ,congress for our slaves1 was it not 
granted8 ,when we asked and demanded the
 return of any fugitive from justice1 or
 the recovery of those persons owing    
labor or allegiance1 was it not         
incorporated in the constitution8 and   
again ratified and strengthened in the  
,fugitive ,slave ,law of #ahej8 ,do you 
reply that in many instances they have  
violated this compact1 and have not been

 faithful to their engagements8 ,as     
individuals and local communities they  
may have done so2 but not by the        
sanction of government2 for that has    
always been true to ,southern interests4
  ,leaving out of the view1 for the     
present1 the countless millions of      
dollars you must expend in a war with   
the ,north1 there will be thousands and 
tens of thousands of your sons and      
brothers slain in battle1 and opened up 
as sacrifices upon the altar of         
ambition1--and for what1 we ask again8  
,it is for the overthrow of the         
,american government1 established by our
 common ancestry cemented and built up  
by their sweat and blood1 and founded on
 the broad principles of ,right1        
,justice1 and ,humanity8 ,and1 as such1 
,i must declare here1 as ,i have often  
done before1 and which has been repeated
 by the greatest and wisest of statesman
 and patriots in this and other lands1  
that it is the best and freest          
government1--the most equal in its      

rights1--the most just in its           
decisions--the most lenient in its      
measures3 and the most inspiring in its 
principles to elevate the race of men1  
that the sun in heaven ever shone upon4 
,now1 for you to attempt to overthrow   
such a government as this1 under which  
we have lived for more than three       
quarters of a century1 in which we have 
gained our wealth1 our standing as a    
nation1 our domestic safety while the   
elements of peril are round us with     
peace and tranquility accompanied with  
unbounded prosperity and rights         
unassailed--is the height of madness1   
folly and wickedness1 to which ,i can   
neither lend my sanction nor my vote4   
,a4 ,h4 ,stephens4                      
,,ccxc4                     ,,the       
,,hireling ,,laborers ,,of ,,the        
,,north4  ,the ,senator from ,south     
,carolina ,mr4 ,hammond exclaims3 ,the  
man who lives by daily labor1 your whole
 hireling class of manual laborers1 are 
essentially slaves2 and they feel galled

 by their degradation4 ,what a sentiment
 is this to hear uttered in the councils
 of this democratic republic6 ,this     
language of scorn and contempt is       
addressed to senators who were not      
nursed by a slave2 whose lot it was to  
toil with their own hands1--to eat      
bread1 earned1 not by the sweat of      
another's brow1 but by their own4  ,sir1
 should the ,senator and his agitators  
and lecturers come to ,massachusetts1 on
 a mission to teach our hireling class  
of manual laborers1 our slaves1 the     
tremendous secret of the ballot-box1 and
 to help combine and lead them1 these   
stigmatized hirelings would reply to the
 ,senator and his associates3 we are    
freemen2 we are the peers of the gifted 
and the wealthy2 we know 'the tremendous
 secret of the ballot-box2' and we mould
 and fashion these institutions that    
bless and adorn our free ,commonwealth6 
,these public schools are ours1 for the 
education of our children2 these        
libraries1 with their accumulated       

treasures1 are ours2 these multitudinous
 and varied pursuits of life1 where     
intelligence and skill find their       
reward1 are ours4 ,labor is here honored
 and respected1 and great examples      
incite us to action4  ,all around us1 in
 the professions1 in the marts of       
commerce1 on the exchange where merchant
 princes and capitalists do congregate1 
in these manufactories and workshops    
where the products of every clime are   
fashioned into a thousand forms of      
utility and beauty1 on these smiling    
farms fertilized by the sweat of free   
labor1 in every position of private and 
of public life1--are our associates1 who
 were but yesterday what you call       
'hireling laborers1' and therefore1     
'essentially slaves6' ,in every         
department of human effort are noble men
 who sprang from our ranks1-men whose   
good deeds will be felt1 and will live  
in the grateful memories of men1 when   
the stones reared by the hands of       
affection to their honored names shall  

crumble into dust4 ,our eyes glisten and
 our hearts throb over the bright1      
glowing1 and radiant pages of our       
history that record the deeds of        
patriotism of the sons of ,new ,england 
who sprang from our ranks1 and wore the 
badges of toil4 ,while the names of     
,benjamin ,franklin1 ,roger ,sherman1   
,nathaniel ,greene1 and ,paul ,revere1  
live on the brightest pages of our      
history1 the mechanics of ,massachusetts
 and ,new ,england will never want      
illustrious examples to incite us to    
noble aspirations and noble deeds4  ,go 
home1 sir1 and say to your privileged   
class1 which you vauntingly say leads   
progress1 civilization1 and refinement1 
that in the opinion of the 'hireling    
laborers' of ,massachusetts1 if you have
 no sympathy for your ,african bondsmen1
 you should1 at least1 sympathize with  
the millions of your own race1 whose    
labor your have dishonored and degraded 
by slavery6 ,you should teach your      
millions of poor and ignorant white men1

 so long oppressed by your policy1 the  
'tremendous secret that the ballot-box  
is stronger than an army with banners6' 
,you should 'combine' and lead them to  
the adoption of a policy which shall    
secure their own emancipation from a    
degrading thraldom6                     
,h4 ,wilson4                            
,,ccxci4                 ,,the ,,death  
,,of ,,slavery ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,the  
,,nation4  ,we of ,america have been    
accustomed to contemplate1 with         
something of gratified and patriotic    
pride1 the wondrous progress of our     
country1 and the strength and stability 
of our ,government4 ,gazing with beaming
 eye and throbbing heart upon the       
grandeur and beauty of this splendid    
edifice of constitutional government in 
,america1 we came to believe that it was
 as imperishable as the memory of its   
illustrious builders4 ,we dreamed for   
our native land a glorious destiny--a   
magnificent career among the nations    
during the coming ages4 ,but our firm1  

confident faith is now shaken--our      
bright hopes are now dimmed--our lofty  
pride is now humbled--our gorgeous      
visions of the future glories of the    
,republic are now obscured by the storm 
of battle4 ,our country1 the land of so 
much of affection1 of pride and of hope1
 now presents to the startled and       
astonished gaze of mankind an appalling1
 humiliating1 and saddening spectacle4  
,treasonable menaces of other days have 
now ripened into treasonable deeds4     
,civil war holds its carnival1 and reaps
 its bloody harvest4 ,the nation is     
grappling with a gigantic               
conspiracy--struggling for              
existence--for the preservation of its  
menaced life--against a rebellion that  
finds no parallel in the annals of the  
world4  ,why is it that the land        
resounds with the measured tread of a   
million of armed men8 ,why is it that   
our bright waters all stained and our   
green fields reddened with fraternal    
blood8 ,why is it that the young men of 

,america1 in the pride and bloom of     
early manhood1 are summoned from homes1 
from the mothers who bore them1 from the
 wives and sisters who love them1 to the
 fields of bloody strife--there to do   
soldiers' duties1 bear soldiers'        
burdens1 and fill soldiers' graves8 ,why
 is it that thousands of the men and the
 women of ,christian ,america are       
sorrowing1 with aching hearts and       
tearful eyes1 for the absent1 the loved1
 and the lost8 ,why is it that the heart
 of loyal ,america throbs1 heavily      
oppressed with anxiety and gloom1 for   
the future of the country8  ,these      
crimes against the peace of the country 
and the life of the nation are all1 all 
to eternize the hateful dominion of man 
over the souls and bodies of his        
fellow-men--to make slavery perpetual   
and its power forever dominant in       
,christian and ,republican ,america4    
,these sacrifices of property of health1
 of life--these appalling sorrows and   
agonies now upon us1 are all the        

inflictions of slavery1 in its gigantic 
effort to found a slaveholding empire in
 ,america4 ,yes1 slavery is the         
architect of ruin who organized this    
mighty conspiracy against the unity and 
existence of the ,republic4 ,slavery is 
the traitor that plunged the ,nation    
into the fire1 and blood1 and darkness  
of civil war4 ,slavery is the criminal  
whose hands are dripping with the blood 
of our murdered sons4 ,before the       
tribunal of mankind1 of the present and 
of coming ages--before the bar of the   
ever-living ,god--the loyal heart of    
,america holds slavery responsible for  
every dollar sacrificed1 for every drop 
of blood shed1 for every pang of toil1  
of agony1 and of death for every tear   
wrung from suffering or affection1 in   
this godless rebellion now upon us4 ,for
 these treasonable deeds1 these crimes  
against freedom1 humanity1 and the life 
of the ,nation1 slavery should be doomed
 by the loyal people of ,america to a   
swift1 utter1 and ignominious           

annihilation4  ,slavery1 bold1 proud1   
domineering with hate in its heart1     
scorn in its eye1 defiance in its mien1 
has pronounced against the existence of 
republican institutions in ,america1    
against the supremacy of the            
,government1 the unity and life of the  
,nation4 ,slavery1 hating the cherished 
institutions that tend to secure the    
rights and enlarge the privileges of    
mankind1 despising the toiling masses1  
as mudsills and white slaves1 defying   
the ,government1 its ,constitution and  
its laws1 has openly pronounced itself  
the mortal and unappeasable enemy of the
 ,republic4 ,slavery stands now the only
 clearly pronounced foe our country has 
on the globe4 ,therefore1 every word    
spoken1 every line written1 every act   
performed1 that keeps the breath of     
life1 for a moment1 in slavery1 is      
against the existence and perpetuity of 
democratic institutions against the     
dignity of the toiling millions of      
,america--against the liberty1 the      

peace1 the honor1 the renown1 and the   
life of the ,nation4 ,in the lights of  
to-day that flash upon us from camp and 
battle-field1 the loyal eye1 heart1 and 
brain of ,america sees and feels and    
realizes that ,,the ,,death ,,of        
,,slavery ,,is ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,the  
,,nation6 ,the loyal voice of patriotism
 throughout all the land pronounces1 in 
clear accents1 that ,,american ,,slavery
 ,,must ,,die ,,that ,,the ,,american   
,,republic ,,may ,,live6                
,h4 ,wilson4                            
,,ccxcii4                       ,,the   
,,fanaticism ,,of ,,massachusetts4      
,this1 sir1 is not the first time in her
 history that ,massachusetts has drawn  
upon herself reproach and rebuke for    
unbending adherence to the rights of    
human nature4 ,in the days of her       
colonial existence1 her unshrinking     
devotion to the rights of mankind often 
drew upon her the censure of the pliant 
supporters of the ,british ,crown2 but  
the world now quotes and commends her   

inspiring example4 ,now her abhorrence  
of human slavery brings upon her the    
condemnation of its advocates and       
apologists1 but the hour will yet come1 
in the march of time1 when her          
unwavering fidelity to an unpopular     
cause in spite of obloquy and reproach1 
will be a source of inspiration to men  
struggling to recover lost rights4      
,massachusetts clings with the tenacity 
of profound conviction to the teachings 
of her own illustrious sons4 ,she was   
taught by ,benjamin ,franklin that      
slavery is an atrocious debasement of   
human nature2 by ,john ,adams that      
consenting to slavery is a sacrilegious 
breach of trust2 by ,john ,quincy ,adams
 that slavery taints the very sources of
 moral principle--establishes false     
estimates of virtue and vice2 by ,daniel
 ,webster that it is a continual and    
permanent violation of human            
rights--opposed to the whole spirit of  
the ,gospels and to the teachings of    
,jesus ,christ2 by ,william ,ellery     

,channing that to extend and perpetuate 
the evil1 we cut ourselves off from the 
communion of nations2 we sink below the 
civilization of our age2 we invite the  
scorn1 indignation and abhorrence of the
 world4 ,massachusetts cannot forget or 
repudiate these words of her immortal   
sons4  ,the distinguishing opinion of   
,massachusetts concerning slavery in    
,america is often flippantly branded in 
these ,halls1 as wild1 passionate1      
unreasoning fanaticism4 ,senators of the
 ,south6 tell me1 ,i pray you tell me1  
if it be fanaticism for ,massachusetts  
to see in this age1 what your peerless  
,washington saw in his age the direful  
effects of slavery8 ,is it fanaticism   
for ,massachusetts to believe as your   
,henry believed1 that slavery is as     
repugnant to humanity as it is          
inconsistent with the ,bible1 and       
destructive to liberty8 ,is it          
fanaticism for her to believe as your   
,madison believed1 that slavery is a    
dreadful calamity8 ,is it fanaticism for

 her to believe with your ,monroe1 that 
slavery has preyed upon the vitals of   
the union and has been prejudicial to   
all the ,states in which it has existed8
 ,is it fanaticism for her to believe   
with your ,martin that slavery lessens  
the sense of the equal rights of        
mankind1 and habituates us to tyranny   
and oppression8 ,is it fanaticism for   
her to believe with your ,pinckney that 
it will one day destroy the reverence   
for liberty1 which is the vital         
principle of a ,republic8 ,is it        
fanaticism for her to believe with your 
,henry ,clay1 that slavery is a wrong1 a
 grievous wrong1 and no contingency can 
make it right8 ,surely1 ,senators who   
are wont to accuse ,massachusetts of    
being drunk with fanaticism1 should not 
forget that the noblest men the ,south  
has given to the service of the         
,republic1 in peace and in war1 were her
 teachers4                              
,h4 ,wilson4                            
,,ccxciii4                              

,,defence ,,of ,,massachusetts4         
,massachusetts1 in her heart of hearts1 
loves liberty--loathes slavery4 ,i glory
 in her sentiments2 for the heart of our
 common humanity is throbbing in        
sympathy with her opinions4 ,but she is 
not unmindful of her constitutional     
duties1 of her obligations to the ,union
 and to her sister ,states4 ,up to the  
verge of constitutional power she will  
go in maintenance of her cherished      
convictions2 but she has not shrunk1 and
 she does not mean to shrink1 from the  
performance of her obligations as a     
member of this ,confederation of        
constellated ,states4 ,she has never    
sought1 she does not seek1 to encroach1 
by her own acts or by the action of the 
,federal ,government1 upon the          
constitutional rights of her sister     
,states4 ,jealous of her own rights1 she
 will respect the rights of others4     
,claiming the power to control her own  
domestic policy1 she freely accords that
 power to her sister ,states4           

,concealing the rights of others1 she   
demands her own4 ,loyal to the ,union1  
she demands loyalty in others4 ,here1   
and now1 ,i demand of her accusers that 
they file their bill of specifications1 
and produce the proofs of their         
allegations1 or forever hold their      
peace4  ,in other days1 when ,adams1    
,webster1 ,davis1 ,everett1 ,cushing1   
,choate1 ,winthrop1 ,mann1 ,rantoul1 and
 their associates graced these chambers1
 ,massachusetts was then1 as she is now1
 the object of animadversion and        
assault4 ,i have sometimes thought1 ,mr4
 ,president1 that these continual       
assaults upon the ,commonwealth of      
,massachusetts were prompted--not by her
 faults1 but by her virtues rather--not 
by the sense of justice1 but by the     
spirit of envy and jealousy and         
uncharitableness4 ,unawed1 however1 by  
censure or menace1 she continues in her 
course1 upward and onward1 to the       
accomplishment of her high destinies4   
,she is but a speck1 a mere patch on the

 surface of ,america1 hardly more than  
one four-hundredth part of the territory
 of the ,republic1 with a rugged soil   
and still more rugged clime4 ,but on    
that little spot of the globe is a      
,common wealth where common consent is  
recognized as the only just basis of    
fundamental law1 and personal freedom is
 secured in its completest              
individuality4 ,in that ,commonwealth   
are one and a quarter million of        
freemen1 with skilled hand and          
cultivated brain1--with mechanic arts   
and manufactures on every streamlet1 and
 commerce on the waves of all the       
seas--with institutions of moral and    
mental culture open to all1 and art1    
science1 and literature illustrated by  
glorious names--with benevolent         
institutions for the sons and daughters 
of misfortune and poverty1 and charities
 for humanity the wide world over1 ,the 
heart1 the soul1 the reason of          
,massachusetts send up unceasing        
aspirations for the unity1              

indivisibility1 and perpetuity of the   
,north ,american ,republic2 but if it   
shall be rent1 torn1 dissevered1 she    
will not lose her faith in ,god and     
humanity1 she will not go down with the 
falling fortunes of her country without 
making a struggle to preserve and       
perpetuate free institutions4 ,so long  
as the ocean shall roll at her feet1 so 
long as ,god shall send her             
health-giving breezes and sunshine and  
rain1 she will endeavor to illustrate1  
in the future as in the past1 the daily 
beauty of freedom secured and protected 
by law4                                 
,h4 ,wilson4                            
,,ccxciv4                               
,,emancipation4  ,shall these once      
slaves but now freemen be remanded back 
to bondage8 ,no3 personal property once 
forfeited is always forfeited4 ,no3     
slaves once legally free are always     
free4 ,no1 no2 thrice no1 by the ashes  
of our fathers1 by the altar of our     
,god6 ,the chosen curses1 and the hidden

 thunder in the stores of heaven will   
forbid the rendition--a crime to them1 a
 malediction to their masters1 a shame  
to us1 and a disgrace to the age4 ,if   
these children of wrong and oppression  
are the lawful spoil of our victorious  
arms1 give up to the enemy your proudest
 national memorials--the sword of       
,washington1 the staff of ,franklin1    
that time-worn but immortal parchment   
which just authoritatively published    
your ,independence to the world--give up
 to him the blood-stained flags and     
trophies which1 upon the bristling crest
 of battle1 our heroic defenders have   
wrenched from his desperate grasp2 give 
up to him this ,capitol itself and throw
 at his feet the ,president's head1     
before you give up the most abject of   
these bondsmen disenthralled2 for in    
surrendering them you will squander one 
of those priceless moments1 big with the
 future1 worth more than a whole        
generation of either bond or free1 the  
rare and pregnant occasion placed in    

your hand by the fortune of war of      
wiping forever ,african slavery from the
 ,american continent4  ,if this         
deliverance is ever vouchsafed1 then    
shall we be purged forever of the sole  
source of our weakness and dissension in
 the past2 then will pass away forever  
the sole cloud that threatens the glory 
of our future2 then will the ,american  
,union be transfigured into a more erect
 and shining presence1 and tread with   
firm footsteps a loftier plane1 and     
cherish nobler theories1 and carry its  
head nearer the stars2 then will it be  
no profanation to wed its redeemed and  
unpolluted name to that of immortal     
,liberty2 then ,liberty and ,union will 
go on1 hand in hand1 and1 under a holier
 inspiration and with more benign and   
blessed auspices1 will revive their     
grand mission of peacefully acquiring   
and peacefully incorporating contiguous 
territories1 and peacefully assimilating
 their inhabitants2 then from the       
,orient to the ,occident1 from the      

flowery shores of the great ,southern   
,gulf to the frozen barriers of the     
great ,northern ,bay1 will they unite in
 spreading a civilization1 not          
intertwined with slavery1 but purged of 
its contamination1 a civilization which 
means universal emancipation1 universal 
enfranchisement1 universal brotherhood4 
,despair not1 then1 soldiers1 statesmen1
 citizens1 women1 we are fighting       
energetically for a nation's life4 ,the 
cloud which now shuts down before your  
vision will yet disclose its silver     
lining4 ,peace shall be born from war1  
and out of chaos order shall yet emerge4
 ,we shall dwell together in harmony1   
and but one nation shall inhabit our    
sea-girt borders4 ,we seem sailing along
 the land1 hearing the ripple that      
breaks upon the shore1 where our        
recreated and regenerated ,republic1    
after it has passed through this fiery  
furnace of war1 these gates of death1   
shall be permanently installed4 ,we     
shall yet tread its meadows and pastures

 green1 trade in its marts1 live in its 
palaces worship in its temples1 and     
legislate in its ,capitol4              
,h4 ,c4 ,deming4                        
,,ccxcv4                                
,,protection ,,for ,,tennessee4  ,the   
amendments to the ,constitution which   
constitute the ,bill of ,rights1 declare
 that a well-regulated militia being    
necessary to the security of a free     
,state1 the right of the people to keep 
and bear arms shall not be infringed4   
,our people are denied this right       
secured to them in their own            
constitution and the constitution of the
 ,united ,states2 yet we hear no        
complaints here of violations of the    
,constitution in this respect4 ,we ask  
the ,government to interpose to secure  
us this constitutional right4 ,we want  
the passes in our mountains opened1 we  
want deliverance and protection for a   
down-trodden and oppressed people who   
are struggling for their independence   
without arms4 ,if we had had ten        

thousand stand of arms and ammunition   
when the contest commenced1 we should   
have asked no further assistance4 ,we   
have not got them4 ,we are a rural      
people2 we have villages and small      
towns--no large cities4 ,our population 
is homogeneous1 industrious1 frugal1    
brave1 independent2 but now harmless and
 powerless1 and oppressed by usurpers4  
,you may be too late in coming to our   
relief or you may not come at all though
 ,i do not doubt you will come--and they
 may trample us under foot2 they may    
convert our plains into graveyards1 and 
the caves of our mountains into         
sepulchers2 but they will never take us 
out of this ,union1 or make us a land of
 slaves--no1 never6 ,we intend to stand 
as firm as adamant1 and as unyielding as
 our own majestic mountains that        
surround us4 ,yes1 we will be as fixed  
and as immovable as are they upon their 
bases4 ,we will stand as long as we can2
 and if we are overpowered and ,liberty 
shall be driven from the land1 we intend

 before she departs to take the flag of 
our country with a stalwart arm1 a      
patriotic heart1 and an honest tread1   
and place it upon the summit of the     
loftiest and most majestic mountain4 ,we
 intend to plant it there1 and leave it1
 to indicate to the inquirer who may    
come in after times1 the spot where the 
,goddess of ,liberty lingered and wept  
for the last time1 before she took her  
flight from a people once prosperous1   
free1 and happy4  ,we ask the           
,government to come to our aid4 ,we love
 the ,constitution as made by our       
fathers4 ,we have confidence in the     
integrity and capacity of the people to 
govern themselves4 ,we have lived       
entertaining these opinions2 we intend  
to die entertaining them4 ,we may meet  
with impediments1 and may meet with     
disasters1 and here and there a defeat2 
but ultimately freedom's cause must     
triumph1 for--           ,freedom's     
battle once begun1          ,bequeathed 
from bleeding sire to son1              

,though baffled oft1 is ever won4  ,yes1
 we must triumph4 ,my faith is strong1  
based on the eternal principles of right
 that a thing so monstrously wrong as   
this rebellion cannot triumph4 ,i say1  
let the battle go on--it is freedom's   
cause--until the ,stars and ,stripes 7  
,god bless them67 shall again be        
unfurled upon every cross-road1 and from
 every house-top throughout the         
,confederacy ,north and ,south4 ,let the
 ,union be reinstated2 let tie law be   
enforced2 let the ,constitution be      
supreme4                                
,a4 ,johnson4                           
,,ccxcvi4                               
,,the ,,submissionists4  ,with the      
curled lip of scorn we are told by the  
disunionists that1 in thus supporting a 
,republican ,administration in its      
endeavors to uphold the ,constitution   
and the laws1 we are submissionists1 and
 when they have pronounced this word1   
they suppose they have imputed to us the
 sum of all human abasement4 ,well1 let 

it be confessed1 we are submissionists1 
and weak and spiritless as it may be    
deemed by some1 we glory in the position
 we occupy4 ,the law says1 ,thou shalt  
not swear falsely2 we submit to this    
law1 and while in the civil or military 
service of the country1 with an oath to 
support the ,constitution of the ,united
 ,states resting upon our consciences1  
we would not1 for any earthly           
consideration1 engage in the formation  
or execution of a conspiracy to subvert 
that very ,constitution and with it the 
,government to which it has given birth4
 ,write us down1 therefore1             
submissionists4  ,nor are we at all     
disturbed by the flippant taunt that1 in
 thus submitting to the authority of our
 ,government1 we are necessarily        
cowards4 ,we know whence this taunt     
comes1 and we estimate it at its true   
value4 ,we hold that there is a higher  
courage in the performance of duty than 
in the commission of crime4 ,the tiger  
of the jungle and the cannibal of the   

,south ,sea ,islands have that courage  
in which the revolutionists of the day  
make their especial boast2 the angels of
 ,god and the spirits of just men made  
perfect have had1 and have that courage 
which submits to the law4 ,lucifer was a
 non-submissionist1 and the first       
secessionist of whom history has given  
us any account1 and the chains which he 
wears fitly express the fate due to all 
who openly defy the laws of their       
,creator and of their country4 ,he      
rebelled because the ,almighty would not
 yield to him the throne of heaven4 ,the
 principle of the ,southern rebellion is
 the same4 ,indeed1 in this submission  
to the laws1 is found the chief         
distinction between good men and devils4
 ,a good man obeys the laws of truth1 of
 honesty1 of morality1 and all those    
laws which have been enacted by         
competent authority for the government  
and protection of the country in which  
he lives2 a devil obeys only his own    
ferocious and profligate passions4  ,the

 principle on which this rebellion      
proceeds1 that laws have in themselves  
no sanctions1 no binding force upon the 
conscience1 and that every man1 under   
the promptings of interest1 or passion1 
or caprice1 may at will1 and honorably1 
too1 strike at the government that      
shelters him1 is one of utter           
demoralization1 and should be trodden   
out as you would tread out a spark that 
has fallen on the roof of your dwelling4
 ,its unchecked prevalence would resolve
 society into chaos1 and leave you      
without the slightest guarantee for     
life1 liberty1 or property4 ,it is time1
 that1 in their majesty1 the people of  
the ,united ,states should make known to
 the world that this ,government1 in its
 dignity and power1 is something more   
than a moot court1 and that the citizen 
who makes war upon it is a traitor1 not 
only in theory but in fact1 and should  
have meted out to him a traitor's doom4 
,the country wants no bloody sacrifice1 
but it must and will have peace1 cost   

what it may4                            
,j4 ,holt4                              
,,ccxcvii4                              
,,address ,,to ,,kentucky ,,volunteers4 
,soldiers1 next to the worship of the   
,father of us all1 the deepest and      
grandest of human emotions is the love  
of the land that gave us birth4 ,it is  
an enlargement and exaltation of all the
 tenderest and strongest sympathies of  
kindred and of home4 ,in all centuries  
and climes it has lived and has defied  
chains and dungeons and racks to crush  
it4 ,it has strewed the earth with its  
monuments1 and has shed undying lustre  
on a thousand fields on which it has    
battled4 ,through the night of ages1    
,thermopyl glows like some mountain peak
 on which the morning sun has risen1    
because twenty-three hundred years ago1 
this hallowing passion touched its mural
 precipices and its crowning crags4  ,it
 is easy1 however1 to be patriotic in   
piping times of peace1 and in the sunny 
hour of prosperity4 ,it is national     

sorrow1 it is war1 with its attendant   
perils and horrors1 that tests this     
passion1 and winnows from the masses    
those who1 with all their love of life1 
still love their country more4 ,while   
your present position is a most vivid   
and impressive illustration of          
patriotism1 it has a glory peculiar and 
altogether its own4  ,the mercenary     
armies which have swept victoriously    
over the world1 and have gathered so    
many of the laurels that history has    
embalmed1 were but machines drafted into
 the service of ambitious spirits whom  
they obeyed1 and little understood or   
appreciated the problems their blood was
 poured out to solve4 ,but while you    
have all the dauntless physical courage 
which they displayed1 you add to it a   
thorough knowledge of the argument on   
which this mighty movement proceeds1 and
 a moral heroism which1 breaking away   
from the entanglements of kindred1 and  
friends1 and ,state policy enables you  
to follow your convictions of duty1 even

 though they should lead you up to the  
cannon's mouth4 ,it must1 however1 be   
added1 that with elevation of position  
come corresponding responsibilities4    
,alike in the inaction of the camp1 and 
amid the fatigues of the march1 and the 
charge and shouts of battle1 you will   
remember that you have in your keeping  
not only your own personal reputation1  
but the honor of your native ,state1    
and1 what is infinitely more inspiring1 
the honor of that blood-bought and      
beneficent ,republic whose children you 
are4 ,any irregularity on your part     
would sadden the land that loves you2   
any faltering in the presence of the foe
 would cover it with immeasurable       
humiliation4  ,soldiers1 when ,napoleon 
was about to spur on his legions to     
combat on the sands of an ,african      
desert1 pointing them to the ,egyptian  
pyramids that loomed up against the     
far-off horizon1 he exclaimed1 ,from    
yonder summits forty centuries look down
 upon you4 ,the thought was sublime and 

electric2 but you have even more than   
this4 ,when you shall confront those    
infuriated hosts1 whose battle-cry is1  
,down with the government of the ,united
 ,states1 let your answering shout be1  
,the ,government as our fathers made it2
 and when you strike1 remember that not 
only do the good and the great of the   
past look down upon you from heights    
infinitely above those of ,egyptian     
pyramids1 but that uncounted generations
 yet to come are looking up to you1 and 
claiming at your hands the unimpaired   
transmission to them of that priceless  
heritage which has been committed to our
 keeping4 ,i say its unimpaired         
transmission--in all the amplitude of   
its outlines1 in all the symmetry of its
 matchless proportions1 in all the      
palpitating fulness of its blessings2   
not a miserably shrivelled and shattered
 thing1 charred by the fires and torn by
 the tempests of revolution1 and all    
over polluted and scarred by the bloody 
poniards of traitors4                   

,j4 ,holt4                              
,,ccxcviii4                       ,,the 
,,american ,,question ,,in ,,england4   
,citizens of ,carlyle1 ,i have          
endeavored to present to your view a    
faithful picture of the religion and    
politics1 the objects and the aims1 of  
the rebel confederate ,states of        
,america2 of those ,states that at this 
moment1 through their commissioned      
emissaries on this side the ,atlantic1  
are seeking admission into the          
,commonwealth of ,christian nations6    
,one of these accredited representatives
 is1 while ,i am speaking1 upon our     
shores2 and on the behalf of the object 
of these men some of our leading        
journals are daily writing laborious    
articles2 for them our shipbuilders are 
constructing warlike vessels1 not to    
meet an equal foe in fair fight1 but to 
plunder and destroy defenseless         
merchantmen1 engaged in the lawful and  
laudable trade of carrying the          
legitimate products of one country to   

the markets of another2 for these men   
our capitalists are raising money1 that1
 if possible1 they may render successful
 a rebel slaveholders' revolt--a revolt 
which for wickedness and infamy has no  
parallel save in the impious rebellion  
of ,lucifer and his compeers4  ,yonder1 
across the wide waste of waters1 four   
millions of helpless slaves--the victims
 of the cruelty and lust of ,southern   
men-stealers--raise their fettered hands
 and imploringly inquire what part you  
will take in the conflict which involves
 their fate and that of their posterity2
 whether you will give aid and comfort  
to their oppressors1 or whether you will
 send them words of sympathy and hope1  
and give encouragement and support to   
the friends of freedom in the ,north1   
who are nobly sacrificing property and  
life for their redemption4 ,what answer 
will you return to this appeal8 ,what   
think you is the duty of ,england in    
this life-or-death contest between the  
,north and the ,south8 ,of ,england1    

whose heart was with the cause of the   
heroic black population of ,hayti1 when1
 under the leadership of the immortal   
,toussaint l',ouverture1 they were      
resisting unto blood1 in the cause of   
liberty1 the mercenary hordes of        
,napoleon8 ,of ,england who1 with       
disinterested ardor1 fought the battle  
of the ,greeks against the ,turks8 ,of  
,england1 who has so often raised her   
voice on behalf of bleeding1 crusaded1  
denationalized ,poland8 ,who has        
welcomed in her cities1 and cherished in
 her homes1 the illustrious patriot     
,louis ,kossuth8 ,whose best wishes and 
earnest prayers have ever attended the  
efforts in the cause of freedom of      
,mazzini and ,garibaldi8  ,in what do   
the struggles in which ,england has     
heretofore sympathized1 differ from that
 which is now convulsing ,america8 ,is  
it not a contest between a vile         
slaveholding oligarchy on the one hand1 
and the upholders of free democratic    
institutions and the friends of         

emancipation on the other8 ,the only    
difference1 if difference there be1 is  
this1 that the conspirators against     
human rights in the ,south are fighting 
for objects immeasurably more base and  
more deeply stained with guilt than any 
which were ever sought by the crowned   
kings and despots of the ,old ,world4   
,the confederate banditti of the ,south 
are fighting for what their             
,vice-president avows is a new idea--a  
government based upon the perpetual     
enslavement of the laboring class4 ,in a
 conflict between liberty and slavery   
between a free democratic government and
 the foulest despotism which the enemies
 of mankind ever conspired together to  
establish1 where should ,england stand8 
,on the side of two hundred and fifty   
thousand traitors and tyrants1 or on the
 side of four millions of slaves8       
,england with her past history and      
glorious traditions1 ,england that      
extinguished the accursed slave trade1  
and abolished colonial slavery1 whose   

cathedrals and council chamfers and     
market places are adorned with the      
statues of ,howard and ,wilberforce1 and
 ,clarkson1 and ,buxton1 and ,sturge8   
,it may be granted that1 when the       
,government of the ,north first armed   
for the defence of the national life1 it
 did not at once decree the universal   
abolition of slavery2 and ,i have given1
 as ,i think1 good and sufficient       
reasons why it did not and could not4   
,the action of the ,president at the    
beginning was restricted to             
constitutional objects4 ,those objects  
were--the enforcement of the laws2 the  
suppression of a local insurrection2 the
 reintegration of the disputed          
territory2 the protection of the        
,capitol and its archives from the      
spoliating hands of traitors4 ,but the  
seat of government saved2 the ,president
 seated firmly in the chair2 the        
,congress duly assembled2 and the       
machinery of the ,constitution set to   
work2 and then commenced1 and were      

carried out1 a series of measures such  
as were never before accomplished in the
 same space of time by any government in
 the world4 ,first we saw the ,national 
,district purged from the pollution and 
shame of slavery2 then1 the prohibition 
of slavery forever in the vast          
,territories of the ,northwest2 then1   
the enforcement of the laws against the 
slave trade1 and the execution of       
,gordon the slave trader2 then1 an offer
 of compensation to such slave ,states  
as would adopt measures of emancipation2
 then1 the recognition of the           
independence of the black republics of  
,hayti and ,liberia2 and finally1 a     
proclamation of freedom to all the      
slaves within the rebel ,states4  ,it   
was said of ,napoleon that he would go  
down to posterity with the code which   
bears his name1 in his hand4 ,it may be 
said of ,abraham ,lincoln1 that he will 
descend to future time1 holding in his  
hand the ,great ,charter of the ,negro's
 rights his ,emancipation ,proclamation 

of ,january1 #ahfc4 ,with such a        
,president1 at the head of such a       
people1 engaged in such a cause1 need ,i
 answer the questions ,i have so often  
put to you1 on which side should        
,england be found in the great ,american
 struggle8                              
,g4 ,thompson4                          
,,ccxcix4                               
,,patriotism4  ,right and wrong1 justice
 and crime1 exist independently of our  
country4 ,a public wrong is not a       
private right for any citizen4 ,the     
citizen is a man bound to know and do   
the right1 and the nation is but an     
aggregation of citizens4 ,if a man      
should shout1 in the delirium of his    
dinner1 ,my country1 by whatever means  
extended and bounded3 my country1 right 
or wrong2 he merely repeats the words of
 the thief who steals in the streets or 
of the trader who swears falsely at the 
,custom-,house1 both of them chuckling  
,my fortune1 however acquired4 ,thus1   
gentlemen1 we see that a man's country  

is not a certain area of land--of       
mountains1 rivers1 and woods--but it is 
principle2 and patriotism is loyalty to 
that principle4  ,in poetic minds and in
 popular enthusiasm this feeling becomes
 closely associated with the soil and   
symbols of the country4 ,but the secret 
sanctification of the soil and the      
symbol is the idea which they represent1
 and this idea the patriot worships     
through the name and the symbol1 as a   
lover kisses with rapture the glove of  
his mistress and wears a lock of her    
hair upon his heart4  ,so1 with         
passionate heroism1 of which tradition  
is never weary of tenderly telling1     
,arnold ,von ,winkelreid gathers into   
his bosom the sheaf of foreign spears1  
that his death may give life to his     
country4 ,so ,nathan ,hale1 disdaining  
no service that his country demands1    
perishes untimely1 with no other friend 
than ,god and the satisfied sense of    
duty4 ,so ,george ,washington1 at once  
comprehending the scope of the destiny  

to which his country was devoted1 with  
one hand put aside the crown1 and with  
the other sets his slaves free4 ,so1    
through all history from the beginning1 
a noble army of martyrs has fought      
fiercely and fallen bravely for that    
unseen mistress1 their country4 ,so1    
through all history to the end1 as long 
as men believe in ,god1 that army must  
still march and fight and               
fall--recruited only from the flower of 
mankind--cheered only by their own hope 
of humanity1 strong only in their       
confidence in their cause4              
,g4 ,w4 ,curtis4                        
,,ccc4                                  
,,political ,,morality4  ,have we no    
interest that the controlling force in  
this country shall be a moral           
force8--that it shall conspire with the 
great idea of ,liberty1 and not degrade 
and destroy it8 ,the theory of our      
institutions is our pride4 ,but it is a 
pitiful truth that our public life has  
become synonymous with knavery4 ,if a   

politician is introduced1 you feel of   
your pockets4 ,it is shameful that it is
 universally conceded that the best men1
 the men of intelligence and probity1   
generally avoid politics1 and that the  
word itself has come to mean something  
not to be touched without defilement4   
,consequently1 what good men will not   
touch1 bad men will4 ,it is understood  
that bribery carries the election2 and  
the ,presidency is the result of an     
adroit process of financial engineering4
 ,i have myself been shown a handful of 
bank-notes publicly displayed in the    
ante-room of a ,legislature1 and        
sagaciously told3 ,that is the logic for
 legislators4 ,men think they cannot    
afford to go to ,congress1 and send     
other men to do their duties to the     
,state--forgetting that we can have     
nothing without paying for it1 and that 
if we hope to enjoy the best government 
in the world we must give time and      
labor1 each one of us1 and not suppose  
that the country will govern itself nor 

bad men govern it well4  ,remember that 
the greatness of our country is not in  
its achievement1 but in its promise--a  
promise which cannot be fulfilled       
without that sovereign moral            
sense--without a sensitive national     
conscience4 ,if it were a question of   
the mere daily pleasure of living1 the  
gratification of taste1 opportunity of  
access to the great intellectual and    
sthetic results of human genius1 and    
whatever embellishes human life1 no man 
could hesitate for a moment between the 
fulness of foreign lands in these       
respects1 and the conspicuous poverty of
 our own4 ,what have we done8 ,we have  
subdued and settled a vast domain4 ,we  
have made every inland river turn a     
mill1 and wherever1 on the dim rim of   
the globe1 there is a harbor1 we have   
lighted it with an ,american sail4 ,we  
have bound the ,atlantic to the         
,mississippi1 so that we drift from the 
sea to the prairie upon a cloud of      
vapor2 and we are stretching one hand   

across the continent to fulfil the hope 
of ,columbus in a shorter way to        
,cathay1 and with the other we are      
grasping under the sea to clasp there   
the hand of the old continent1 that so  
the throbbing of the ocean may not toss 
us further apart1 but be as the beating 
of one common pulse of the world4  ,yet 
these are the results common to all     
national enterprise1 and different with 
us only in degree1 not in kind4 ,these  
are but the tools with which to shape a 
destiny4 ,commercial prosperity is only 
a curse1 if it be not subservient to    
moral and intellectual progress2 and our
 prosperity will conquer us1 if we do   
not conquer our prosperity4             
,g4 ,w4 ,curtis4                        
,,ccci4                          ,,ideas
 ,,the ,,life ,,of ,a ,,people4  ,the   
leaders of our ,revolution were men of  
whom the simple truth is the ugliest    
praise4 ,of every condition in life1    
they were singularly sagacious1 sober   
and thoughtful4 ,lord ,chatham spoke    

only the truth when he said to          
,franklin1 of the men who composed the  
first colonial ,congress3 ,the ,congress
 is the most honorable assembly of      
statesmen since those of the ancient    
,greeks and ,romans in the most virtuous
 times4 ,given to grave reflection1 they
 were neither dreamers nor missionaries1
 and they were much too earnest to be   
rhetoricians4 ,it is a curious fact1    
that they were generally men of so calm 
a temper that they lived to extreme age4
 ,with the exception of ,patrick ,henry 
and ,samuel ,adams1 they were most of   
them profound scholars1 and studied the 
history of mankind that they might know 
men4 ,they were so familiar with the    
lives and thoughts of the wisest and    
best minds of the past that a classic   
aroma hangs about their writings and    
their speech2 and they were profoundly  
convinced of what statesmen always know1
 and the adroitest mere politicians     
never perceive--that ideas are the life 
of a people--that the conscience1 not   

the pocket1 is the real citadel of a    
nation1 and that when you have debauched
 and demoralized that conscience by     
teaching that there are no natural      
rights1 and that therefore there is no  
moral right or wrong in political       
action1 you have poisoned the wells and 
rotted the crops in the ground4 ,the    
three greatest living statesmen of      
,england knew this also--,edmund ,burke 
knew it1 and ,charles ,james ,fox1 and  
,william ,pitt1 ,earl of ,chatham4 ,but 
they did not speak for the ,king or     
parliament1 or the ,english nation4     
,lord ,gower spoke for them when he said
 in ,parliament3 ,let the ,americans    
talk about their natural and divine     
rights6 their rights as men and         
citizens6 their rights from ,god and    
nature6 ,i am for enforcing these       
measures6 ,my lord was contemptuous1 and
 the ,king hired the ,hessians1 but the 
truth remained true4 ,the ,fathers saw  
the scarlet soldiers swarming over the  
sea1 but more steadily they saw that    

national progress had been secure only  
in the degree that the political system 
had conformed to natural ,justice4 ,they
 knew the coming wreck of property and  
trade1 but they knew more surely that   
,rome was never so rich as when she was 
dying1 and1 on the other hand1 the      
,netherlands1 never so powerful as when 
they were poorest4 ,farther away1 they  
read the names of ,assyria1 ,greece1    
,egypt4 ,they had art1 opulence1        
splendor4 ,corn enough grew in the      
valley of the ,nile4 ,the ,syrian sword 
was as sharp as any4 ,they were merchant
 princes1 and the clouds in the sky were
 rivalled by their sails upon the sea4  
,they were soldiers1 and their frown    
frightened the world4 ,soul1 take thine 
ease4 those ,empires said1 languid with 
excess of luxury and life4 ,yes3 but you
 remember the ,king who had built his   
grandest palace1 and was to occupy it   
upon the morrow1 but when the morrow    
came the palace was a pile of ruins4    
,woe is me6 cried the ,king1 who is     

guilty of this crime8 ,there is no      
crime1 replied the sage at his side2 but
 the mortar was made of sand and water  
only1 and the builders forgot to put in 
the lime4 ,so fell the old empires1     
because the governors forgot to put     
justice into their governments4         
,g4 ,w4 ,curtis4                        
,,cccii4                                
,,the ,,same ,,concluded4  ,these things
 our fathers saw and pondered4 ,i do not
 mean that when the ,writs of           
,assistance were issued1 or the ,stamp  
,act proposed1 or ,port ,bill passed1   
they did not oppose them upon technical 
and legal grounds4 ,undoubtedly they    
did4 ,but their character1 and habits1  
and studies1 were such that1 as the     
tyranny encroached1 they rose naturally 
into the sphere of fundamental truths1  
as into a purer and native air4 ,in     
great crises1 men always revert to first
 principles1 as in sailing out of sight 
of land the mariner consults celestial  
laws4 ,so the ,fathers began at the     

beginning1 with ,god and human nature1  
and derived their government from truths
 which they disdained to prove1         
asserting them to be self-evident4 ,thus
 the ,revolution was not the struggle of
 a class only1 but of a people4 ,it was 
not merely the rebellion of subjects    
whose pockets were threatened1 it was   
the protest of men whose instincts had  
been outraged4 ,as ,mr4 ,webster was    
fond of saying1 it was fought on a      
preamble4 ,a two-penny tax on tea or    
paper was not the cause1 it was only the
 occasion1 of the ,revolution4 ,the     
spirit which fought the desperate and   
disastrous battle on ,long ,island      
yonder was not a spirit which could be  
quieted by the promise of sugar gratis4 
,the chance of success was slight--the  
penalty of failure was sure4 ,but they  
believed in ,god1 they kissed wife and  
child1 left them in ,his hand1 and kept 
their powder dry4 ,then to ,valley      
,forge1 the valley of the shadow of     
death--with feet bleeding upon the sharp

 ground--with hunger1 thirst1 and cold  
dogging their steps--with ghastly death 
waiting for them in the snow1 they bore 
that faith in ideas which brought their 
fathers over a pitiless sea to a        
pitiless shore4  ,ideas were their food2
 ideas were their coats and camp-fires4 
,they knew that their ranks were thin   
and raw1 and the enemy trained and many4
 ,but they knew1 also1 that the only    
difficulty with the proverb that ,god   
fights upon the side of the strongest   
battalions is that it is not true4 ,if  
you load muskets with bullets only1 the 
result is simply a question of numbers4 
,but one gun loaded with an idea is more
 fatal than the muskets of a whole      
regiment4 ,a bullet kills a tyrant1 but 
an idea kills tyranny1 ,what chance have
 a thousand men fighting for a sixpence 
a day against a hundred fighting for    
life and liberty1 for home and native   
land8 ,in such hands1 the weapons       
themselves feel and think4 ,and so the  
family firelocks and rusty swords1 the  

horse-pistol and old scythes of our     
fathers thought terribly at ,lexington  
and ,monmouth1 at ,saratoga and ,eutaw  
,springs4 ,the old ,continental muskets 
thought out the whole ,revolution4 ,the 
,english and ,hessian arms were better  
and brighter than ours2 but they were   
charged only with saltpetre4 ,our guns  
were loaded and rammed home with ideas4 
,g4 ,w4 ,curtis4                        
,,ccciii4                 ,,emancipation
 ,,the ,,war ,,policy ,,of ,,the        
,,president4  ,at length the skies are  
cleared1 and the oracles have spoken4   
,the ultimate achievement is already    
determined in the irreversible purpose  
of the loyal ,states2 and that purpose  
is1 a restored republic from the ,gulf  
to the ,lakes1--and a ,republic of      
,freemen4  ,when the war first broke    
out1 the free ,states became at once    
united for the safety of the capital and
 for vengeance upon those who had       
dishonored the common flag4 ,time passed
 on2 the capital was supposed to be     

secure2 changing fortune visited our    
arms2 the people of the ,north became   
divided2 some insisted upon an instant  
order of emancipation2 others insisted  
upon no emancipation at all4 ,one there 
was1 as it has seemed to me1 who abided 
the time of ,providence and possessed   
his soul in patience2 he was the        
,president4 ,he waited1 counselled1     
struggled for a restored ,union1 before 
which and in comparison with which all  
other things should be subordinated4    
,within seventeen months after the first
 gun--so short are the historic stages  
in our time--he issued his proclamation 
of freedom with three months of notice4 
,it saved the heart of the ,north and of
 a portion of ,europe4  ,in the mean    
time the loyal arms had rescued several 
,states from the clutch of revolt1 and  
the inquiry everywhere arose1 when1 and 
how1 and in what manner1 the policy of  
emancipation should be applied4 ,then   
again it was1 in the fulness of time1   
that the second ,presidential           

proclamation came forth for the         
restoration of the ,states upon the     
basis of the equality of all men before 
,god4 ,upon that he will stand1 and upon
 that we shall stand1 with no faltering 
or retracing step1 until from the waters
 of the ,gulf to the woods of the       
,north1 and from the ,atlantic to the   
,pacific sea1 this broad beat of empire 
shall possess an invincible people with 
no clanking manacle to fetter the       
creatures of ,god4  ,accepting this1    
then1 as the fixed policy of the ,states
 which are to subjugate the rebellion1  
we may felicitate ourselves upon the    
part we are permitted to bear in human  
events--that a measure1 which in other  
countries and in more peaceful ages     
would have required a quarter or a half 
a century for its accomplishment1 has   
become the announced edict of the loyal 
people of the ,united ,states1 within   
the space of thirty-four months4 ,the   
abolishment of the slave trade by the   
,british ,government1 initiated by      

,wilberforce1 supported by ,pitt and    
,fox1 and ,burke and ,granville1 was    
accomplished only after seventeen years 
of parliamentary agitation4  ,when ,mr4 
,fox1 in #ahjf submitted this1 which    
proved to be the last motion he ever    
made in ,parliament1 and lived to       
witness its success1 nobly did he       
declare3 ,that if1 during the forty     
years he had sat in ,parliament1 he had 
been so fortunate as to accomplish that 
object1 and that only1 he should think  
he had done enough4 ,if ,mr4 ,fox might 
take to his heart that gratulation over 
the first sanction extorted from the    
,legislature of ,great ,britain for the 
abolition of the slave trade1 may ,i not
 reclaim it with redoubled force for the
 ,american ,magistrate under whose      
decree four millions of men will burst  
the bondage of ages1 and mount enriched 
and ennobled to the enfranchisements of 
immortality4  ,the literature of        
,england is rich with the eloquence of  
eulogium upon the statesman whose star  

was in the ascendant when freedom became
 the policy of the ,empire2 but ,i      
choose to appropriate it to him upon    
this side of the ocean1 who has achieved
 the highest honor of mortal lot2 who   
has won a triumph which leaves every    
other triumph of humanity and justice   
out of sight behind it1 and for which1  
to the end of time1 mankind will revere 
his name and bless his memory4          
,a4 ,h4 ,bullock4                       
,,ccciv4                                
,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,the ,,hour4  ,as to 
duty1 that is clear from what ,i have   
already told you4 ,we owe allegiance to 
the ,government of the ,union1 and its  
history to the breaking out of the      
present foul rebellion1 the memory of   
the men who gave it to us1 the untold   
blessings it has conferred upon us1 the 
support it has given to constitutional  
liberty everywhere1 the gratitude we owe
 to ,washington1 whom ,providence1 it   
has been said1 left childless1 that his 
country might call him father1 will all 

unite in making that allegiance a       
pleasure as well as a duty4 ,to be false
 to such a ,government1 to palter even  
with the treason that seeks its         
downfall1 to associate with the wicked  
men or the madmen who are in arms       
against it1 would be as vile a dishonor 
and as base a crime as fallen man ever  
perpetrated4  ,peace1 in such a         
crisis--the cry of our opponents--how is
 it to be attained8 ,how1 upon their    
plan1 but by a gross violation of our   
clearest obligations--or total disregard
 of an allegiance to which we are bound1
 not only by the ,constitution1 but by  
the pledge our ancestors gave for us8   
,the force the ,government is raising is
 not1 as is falsely alleged by the      
conspirators1 to subjugate ,states or   
citizens4 ,it is but to vindicate the   
,constitution and the laws1 and maintain
 the existence of the government4 ,it is
 but to suppress the insurrection1 force
 the citizen to return to his duty1 and 
restore him to the unequalled benefits  

of the ,union4 ,and when this is done1  
as done it will be if there is justice  
in ,heaven1 the authors of the present  
calamity will be consigned to the       
execrations of the civilized world1 and 
punished1 perhaps1 if that is possible1 
more severely by the people whom1 by    
arts and subterfuges1 they have so      
deluded and deceived4                   
,r4 ,johnson4                           
,,cccv4                        ,,the    
,,first ,,gun ,,fired ,,at ,,sumter4    
,as if to show how coldly and calmly all
 this had been calculated beforehand by 
the conspirators1 to make sure that no  
absence of malice aforethought should   
degrade the grand malignity of settled  
purpose into the trivial effervescence  
of transient passion1 the torch which   
was literally to launch the first       
missile1 figuratively1 to fire the      
,southern heart and light the flame of  
civil war1 was given into the trembling 
hand of an old white-headed man1 the    
wretched incendiary whom history will   

handcuff in eternal infamy with the     
temple-burner of ancient ,ephesus4 ,the 
first gun that spat its iron insult at  
,fort ,sumter1 smote every loyal        
,american full in the face4 ,as when the
 foul witch used to torture her         
miniature image1 the person it          
represented suffered all that she       
inflicted on his waxen counterpart1 so  
every buffet that fell on the smoking   
fortress was felt by the sovereign      
nation of which that was the            
representative4 ,robbery could go no    
farther1 for every loyal man of the     
,north was despoiled in that single act 
as much as if a footpad had laid hands  
upon him to take from him his father's  
staff and his mother's ,bible4 ,insult  
could go no farther1 for over those     
battered walls waved the precious symbol
 of all we most value in the past and   
hope for in the future1--the banner     
under which we became a nation1 and     
which1 next to the cross of the         
,redeemer1 is the dearest object of love

 and honor to all who toil or march or  
sail beneath its waving folds of glory4 
,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,cccvi4                                
,,our ,,country',s ,,call4  ,we shall   
have success if we truly will           
success1--not other wise4 ,it may be    
long in coming1--,heaven only knows     
through what trials and humblings we may
 have to pass before the full strength  
of the nation is duly arrayed and led to
 victory1 ,we must be patient1 as our   
fathers were patient2 even in our worst 
calamities we must remember that defeat 
itself may be a gain where it costs our 
enemy more in relation to his strength  
than it costs ourselves4 ,but if1 in the
 inscrutable providence of the          
,almighty1 this generation is           
disappointed in its lofty aspirations   
for the race1 if we have not virtue     
enough to ennoble our whole people1 and 
make it a nation of sovereigns1 we shall
 at least hold in undying honor those   
who vindicated the insulted majesty of  

the ,republic1 and struck at her        
assailants so long as a drum-beat       
summoned them to the field of duty4     
,citizens of ,boston1 sons and daughters
 of ,new ,england1 men and women of the 
,north1 brothers and sisters in the bond
 of the ,american ,union1 you have among
 you the scared and wasted soldiers who 
have shed their blood for your temporal 
salvation4 ,they bore your ,nation's    
emblems bravely through the fire and    
smoke of the battlefield2 nay1 their own
 bodies are starred with bullet-wounds  
and striped with sabre-cuts1 as if to   
mark them as belonging to their country 
until their dust becomes a portion of   
the soil which they defended1 ,in every 
,northern graveyard slumber the victims 
of this destroying struggle4 ,many whom 
you remember playing as children amidst 
the clover-blossoms of our ,northern    
fields1 sleep under nameless mounds1    
with strange ,southern wild-flowers     
blooming over them4 ,by those wounds of 
living heroes1 by those graces of fallen

 martyrs1 by the hopes of your children1
 and the claims of your children's      
children yet unborn1 in the name of     
outraged honor1 in the interest of      
violated sovereignty1 for the life of an
 imperilled nation1 for the sake of men 
everywhere and of our common humanity1  
for the glory of ,god and the           
advancement of ,his kingdom on earth1   
your country calls upon you to stand by 
her through good report and through evil
 report1 in triumph and in defeat1 until
 she emerges from the great war of      
,western civilization1 ,queen of the    
broad continent1 arbitress in the       
councils of earth's emancipated peoples2
 until the flag that fell from the wall 
of ,fort ,sumter floats again inviolate1
 supreme1 over all her ancient          
inheritance1 every fortress1 every      
capital1 every ship1 and this warring   
land is once more a united nation4      
,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,cccvii4                 ,,manhood     
,,and ,,country ,,before ,,wealth ,,and 

,,luxury4  ,let us say it plainly it    
will not hurt our people to be taught   
that there are other things to be cared 
for besides money making and money      
spending2 that the time has come when   
manhood must assert itself by brave     
deeds and noble thoughts2 when womanhood
 must assume its most sacred office1 to 
warn1 to comfort1 and1 if need be1 to   
command those whose services their      
country calls for4 ,this ,northern      
section of the land has become a great  
variety shop1 of which the ,atlantic    
cities are the long-extended counter4   
,we have grown rich for what8 ,to put   
gilt bands on coachmen's hats8 ,to sweep
 the foul sidewalks with the heaviest   
silks which the toiling artisans of     
,france can send us8 ,to look through   
plate-glass windows1 and pity the brown 
soldiers1--or sneer at the black ones8  
to reduce the speed of trotting horses a
 second or two below its old minimum8 to
 color meerschaums8 to flaunt in laces1 
and sparkle in diamonds8 to dredge our  

maiden's hair with gold-dust8 to float  
through life1 the passive shuttlecocks  
of fashion1 from the avenues to the     
beaches1 and back again from the beaches
 to the avenues8 ,was it for this that  
the broad domain of the ,western        
hemisphere was kept so long unvisited by
 civilization8--for this1 that ,time1   
the father of empires1 unbound the      
virgin zone of this youngest of his     
daughters1 and gave her1 beautiful in   
the long veil of her forests1 to the    
rude embrace of the adventurous         
,colonists8  ,all this is what we see   
around us1 now1--now1 while we are      
actually fighting this great battle1 and
 supporting this great load of          
indebtedness4 ,wait till the diamonds go
 back to the ,jews of ,amsterdam2 till  
the plate-glass window bears the fatal  
announcement1 ,for ,sale1 or to ,let2   
till the voice of our ,miriam is obeyed 
as she sings3--           ,weave no more
 silks1 ye ,lyons looms6  till the      
gold-dust is combed from golden locks1  

and hoarded to buy bread2 till the      
fast-driving youth smokes his clay-pipe 
on the platform of the horse-car2 till  
the music-grinders cease because none   
will pay them2 till there are no peaches
 in the windows at twenty-four dollars a
 dozen1 and no heaps of bananas and     
pine-apples selling at the              
street-corners2 till the ten-flounced   
dress has but three flounces1 and it is 
a felony to drink champagne2 wait till  
these changes show themselves1 the signs
 of deeper wants1 the preludes of       
exhaustion and bankruptcy2 then let us  
talk of the ,maelstrom2--but till then1 
let us not be cowards with our purses1  
while brave men are emptying their      
hearts upon the earth for us2 let us not
 whine over our imaginary ruin1 while   
the reversed current of circling events 
is carrying us farther and farther1     
every hour1 beyond the influence of the 
great failing which was born of our     
wealth1 and of the deadly sin which was 
our fatal inheritance6                  

,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,cccviii4                         ,,our
 ,,country',s ,,greatest ,,glory4  ,the 
true glory of a nation is in an         
intelligent1 honest1 industrious        
,christian people4 ,the civilization of 
a people depends on their individual    
character2 and a constitution which is  
not the outgrowth of this character is  
not worth the parchment on which it is  
written4 ,you look in vain in the past  
for a single instance where the people  
have preserved their liberties after    
their individual character was lost4 ,it
 is not in the magnificence of its      
palaces1 not in the beautiful creations 
of art lavished on its public edifices1 
not in costly libraries and galleries of
 pictures1 not in the number or wealth  
of its cities1 that we find pledges of a
 nation's glory4 ,the ruler may gather  
around him the treasures of the world1  
amid a brutalized people2 the senate    
chamber may retain its faultless        
proportions long after the voice of     

patriotism is hushed within its wails2  
the monumental marble may commemorate a 
glory which has forever departed4 ,art  
and letters may bring no lesson to a    
people whose heart is dead4  ,the true  
glory of a nation is in the living      
temple of a loyal1 industrious1 and     
upright people4 ,the busy click of      
machinery1 the merry ring of the anvil1 
the lowing of peaceful herds1 and the   
song of the harvest-home1 are sweeter   
music than pans of departed glory1 or   
songs of triumph in war4 ,the vine-clad 
cottage of the hillside1 the cabin of   
the woodsman1 and the rural home of the 
farmer are the true citadels of any     
country4 ,there is a dignity in honest  
toil which belongs not to the display of
 wealth or the luxury of fashion4 ,the  
man who drives the plough1 or swings his
 axe in the forest1 or with cunning     
fingers plies the tools of his craft1 is
 as truly the servant of his country1 as
 the statesman in the senate or the     
soldier in battle4 ,the safety of a     

nation depends not alone on the wisdom  
of its statesmen or the bravery of its  
generals4 ,the tongue of eloquence never
 saved a nation tottering to its fall2  
the sword of a warrior never stayed its 
destruction4 ,there is a surer defence  
in every ,christian home4 ,i say        
,christian home1 for ,i allow of no     
glory to manhood which comes not from   
the cross4 ,i know of no rights wrung   
from tyranny1 no truth rescued from     
darkness and bigotry1 which has not     
awaited on a ,christian civilization4   
,would you see the image of true glory1 
,i would show you villages where the    
crown and glory of the people was in    
,christian schools1 where the voice of  
prayer goes heaven-ward1 where the      
people have that most priceless         
gift--faith in ,god4 ,with this as the  
basis1 and leavened as it will be with  
brotherly love1 there will be no danger 
in grappling with any evils which exist 
in our midst2 we shall feel that we may 
work and bide our time1 and die knowing 

that ,god will bring victory4           
,bishop ,whipple4                       
,,cccix4                           ,,our
 ,,national ,,anniversary4  ,we         
celebrate to-day no idle tradition--the 
deeds of no fabulous race2 for we tread 
in the scarcely obliterated footsteps of
 an earnest and valiant generation of   
men1 who dared to stake life1 and       
fortune1 and sacred honor1 upon a       
declaration of rights1 whose            
promulgation shook tyrants on their     
thrones1 gave hope to fainting freedom1 
and reformed the political ethics of the
 world4  ,the greatest heroes of former 
days have sought renown in schemes of   
conquest1 based on the love of dominion 
or the thirst for war2 and such had been
 the worship of power in the minds of   
men1 that adulation had ever followed in
 the wake of victory4 ,how daring then  
the trial of an issue between a handful 
of oppressed and outlawed colonists1    
basing their cause1 under ,god1 upon an 
appeal to the justice of mankind and    

their own few valiant arms4 ,and how    
immeasurably great was he1 the fearless 
commander1 who1 after the fortunes and  
triumphs of battle were over1 scorned   
the thought of a regal throne for a home
 in the hearts of his countryman4       
,amidst the rejoicings of this day1 let 
us mingle something of gratitude with   
our joy--something of reverence with our
 gratitude--and something of duty with  
our reverence4  ,let us cultivate       
personal independence in the spirit of  
loyalty to the ,state4 and may ,god     
grant that we may always be able to     
maintain the sovereignty of the ,state  
in the spirit of integrity to the       
,union4 ,thus shall still be shed       
imperishable honors upon the ,american  
name thus perpetuated1 through all      
coming time1 the heritage which has been
 bequeathed to us by our fathers4       
,whatever shall be the fate of other    
governments1 ours thus sustained1 shall 
stand forever4 ,as has been elsewhere   
said1 nation after nation may rise and  

fall1 kingdoms and empires crumble into 
ruin1 but our own native land1 gathering
 energy and strength from the lapse of  
time1 shall go on and still go on its   
destined way to greatness and renown4   
,and when thrones shall crumble into    
dust1 when sceptres and diadems shall   
have been forgotten1 till ,heaven's last
 thunder shall shake the world below1   
the flag of the republic shall still    
wave on1 and its ,stars1 its ,stripes1  
and its ,eagle1 shall still float in    
pride1 and strength1 and glory1         
,whilst the earth bears1 a plant1       
,or the sea rolls a wave4               
,a4 ,h4 ,rice4                          
,,cccx4                ,,southern       
,,usurpations ,,and ,,northern          
,,concessions4  ,why did these          
,southerners make war upon the country1 
converting their own domain into a      
receptacle of stolen goods1 and the     
hiding-place of mercenaries1 murderers1 
and madmen1 and ours into one vast      
recruiting tent8 ,tell me1 you cowardly 

and traitorous ,northmen1 who talk about
 peace before the last armed foe has    
expired on the soil his attainted blood 
defiles1 or of compromise1 while yet the
 walls of our hospitals resound with the
 groans of the mangled1 and are damp    
with the death-dew of the expiring8     
,tell me1 you traitors1 ,davis1         
,pickens1 ,stephens1 and ,floyd8 what do
 you say provoked you to the point where
 forbearance ceased to be a virtue8     
,what had we of the ,north usurped that 
belonged to you8 ,i inquire not now of  
what some among us may have said4 ,i    
challenge any act of usurpation by the  
non-slaveholding ,states against your   
rights as members of the confederacy4   
,facts are incontrovertible4 ,what had  
we done8 ,what provision of the ,federal
 ,constitution had we violated8 ,for    
once lay aside your declamation and     
abuse1 and soberly and truthfully state 
your grievances4  ,you know1 and we     
know1 and the world knows1 that we made 
no encroachment upon your reserved      

rights as a party to the compact between
 your fathers and ours4 ,you know1 also1
 that we have been so terrified at your 
reiterated threats against the family   
peace and general welfare1 that1 in our 
anxiety to preserve national concord1 we
 have sacrificed personal honor and     
,state pride4 ,you called us mudsills   
and greasy mechanics1 until labor almost
 began to be ashamed of its ,god-given  
dignity4 ,you beat our representatives  
in the national council chambers1       
because they expressed the views of     
those whom they served4 ,you denied us  
freedom of speech in all your borders4  
,this and much else1 before the last    
burden1 which broke our uncomplaining   
patience into active1 and1 as you are   
destined to learn1 terrible resistance  
and deserved retribution4 ,but what had 
we done8 ,how sinned against you8 ,in   
#ahbj you wanted a geographical limit   
assigned to your peculiar institution   
and we passed the law known as the      
,missouri ,compromise4 ,you got sick of 

this when it appeared that slavery would
 not be a gainer thereby1 as it was     
supposed1 and begged a repeal of the    
act4 ,it was repealed4 ,in #ahej1 you   
clamored for further legislation in     
favor of your property in human beings1 
and the fugitive slave law was placed on
 the nation's statute book4 ,you        
continually cried1 ,give1 give6 and we  
gave4 ,but nothing would satisfy your   
rapacity2 you had resolved to quarrel   
with us4 ,do you remind me that we did  
not return your escaped slaves8 ,this is
 only half the truth4 ,whenever you came
 after your chattel1 with legal proofs  
of ownership1 we caught and caged him1  
and sent him back to you1 often at our  
own expense4 ,if you did not think it   
worth your while to hunt up your        
runaway1 it was none of our concern4    
,sometimes a man among us1 more of a    
humanitarian than a jurisconsult1 and   
better versed in the law of nature than 
the law of the land1 illegally1 but     
conscientiously1 aided your bondman to  

escape4 ,john ,brown did so1 and you    
hanged him for it6 ,but no ,state1 as   
such1 and no authority within a ,state1 
ever hesitated or refused to fulfil its 
constitutional obligations to you on    
this head4 ,but you did not mean to be  
satisfied4 ,you meant to rebel4 ,you    
have rebelled1 and you must abide the   
consequences4                           
,r4 ,busteed4                           
,,cccxi4                   ,,monumental 
,,honors ,,to ,,public ,,benefactors4   
,what parent1 as he conducts his son to 
,mount ,auburn or to ,bunker ,hill1 will
 not1 as he pauses before their         
monumental statues1 seek to heighten his
 reverence for virtue1 for patriotism1  
for science1 for learning1 for devotion 
to the public good1 as he bids him      
contemplate the form of that grave and  
venerable ,winthrop1 who left his       
pleasant home in ,england to come and   
found a new republic in this untrodden  
wilderness2 of that ardent and intrepid 
,otis1 who first struck out the spark of

 ,american independence2 of that noble  
,adams1 its most eloquent champion on   
the floor of ,congress2 of that martyr  
,warren1 who laid down his life in its  
defense2 of that self-taught ,bowditch1 
who1 without a guide1 threaded the      
starry mazes of the heavens2 of that    
,story1 honored at home and abroad as   
one of the brightest luminaries of the  
law1 and1 by a felicity of which ,i     
believe there is no other example1      
admirably portrayed in marble by his    
son8 ,what citizen of ,boston1 as he    
accompanies the stranger around our     
streets1 guiding him through our busy   
thoroughfares1 to our wharves1 crowded  
with vessels which range every sea and  
gather the produce of every climate1 up 
to the dome of this capitol1 which      
commands as lovely a landscape as can   
delight the eye or gladden the heart1   
will not1 as he calls his attention at  
last to the statues of ,franklin and    
,webster1 exclaim3--,boston takes pride 
in her natural position1 she rejoices in

 her beautiful environs1 she is grateful
 for her material prosperity2 but richer
 than the merchandise stored in palatial
 warehouses1 greener than the slopes of 
sea-girt islets1 lovelier than this     
encircling panorama of land and sea1 of 
field and hamlet1 of lake and stream1 of
 garden and grove1 is the memory of her 
sons1 native and adopted2 the character1
 services and fame of those who have    
benefited and adorned their day and     
generation4 ,our children1 and the      
schools at which they are trained1 our  
citizens1 and the services they have    
rendered3--these are our monuments1     
these are our jewels1 these our abiding 
treasures4                              
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,cccxii4                          ,,the
 ,,crime ,,of ,,the ,,rebellion4  ,i    
call the war which the ,confederates are
 waging against the ,union a ,rebellion1
 because it is one1 and in grave matters
 it is best to call things by their     
right names4 ,i speak of it as a crime1 

because the ,constitution of the ,united
 ,states so regards it1 and puts        
rebellion on a par with invasion4 ,the  
,constitution and law not only of       
,england1 but of every civilized country
 regard them in the same light2 or      
rather they consider the rebel in arms  
as far worse than the alien enemy4 ,to  
levy war against the ,united ,states is 
the constitutional definition of        
treason1 and that crime is1 by every    
civilized government3 regarded as the   
highest which citizen or subject can    
commit4 ,not content with the sanctions 
of human justice1 of all the crimes     
against the law of the land it is       
singled out for the denunciations of    
religion4 ,the litanies of every church 
in ,christendom1 as far as ,i am aware1 
from the metropolitan cathedrals of     
,europe to the humblest missionary      
chapel in the islands of the sea1 concur
 with the ,church of ,england in        
imploring the ,sovereign of the         
universe1 by the most awful adjurations 

which the heart of man can conceive or  
his tongue utter1 to deliver us from    
sedition1 privy conspiracy and          
rebellion4 ,and reason good1--for while 
a rebellion against tyranny2 a rebellion
 designed1 after prostrating arbitrary  
power1 to establish free government on  
the basis of justice and truth1 is an   
enterprise on which good men and angels 
may look with complacency2 an unprovoked
 rebellion of ambitious men against a   
beneficent government1 for the          
purpose--the avowed purpose-of          
establishing1 extending1 and            
perpetuating any form of injustice and  
wrong1 is an imitation on earth of that 
first foul revolt of the ,infernal      
serpent1 against which the ,supreme     
,majesty of ,heaven sent forth the armed
 myriads of his angels1 and clothed the 
right arm of his ,son with the          
three-bolted thunders of ,omnipotence4  
,lord ,bacon1 in the true marshalling of
 the sovereign degrees of honor1 assigns
 the first place to the ,conditores     

,imperiorum1 founders of ,states and    
,commonwealths 2 and truly to build up  
from the discordant elements of our     
nature2 the passions1 the interests1 and
 the opinions of the individual man2 the
 rivalries of family1 clan1 and tribe2  
the influences of climate and           
geographical position2 the accidents of 
peace and war accumulated for ages1 to  
build up1 from these oftentimes warring 
elements1 a well-compacted1 prosperous  
and powerful ,state1 if it were to be   
accomplished by one effort1 or in one   
generation1 would require a more than   
mortal skill4 ,to contribute in some    
notable degree to this the greatest work
 of man1 by wise and patriotic counsel  
in peace1 and loyal heroism in war1 is  
as high as human merit can well rise1   
and far more than to any of those to    
whom ,bacon assigns this highest place  
of honor1 whose names can hardly be     
repeated without a wondering            
smile1--,romulus2 ,cyrus1 ,csar1        
,ottoman1 ,israel1--is it due to our    

,washington1 as the founder of the      
,american ,union4 ,but if to achieve or 
help to achieve this greatest work of   
man's wisdom and virtue gives title to a
 place among the chief benefactors1     
rightful heirs of the benedictions1 of  
mankind1 by equal reason shall the bold 
bad men who seek to undo the noble      
work1--,eversores ,imperiorum1          
destroyers of ,states1--who for base and
 selfish ends rebel against beneficent  
governments1 seek to overturn wise      
constitutions1 to lay powerful          
republican unions at the foot of foreign
 thrones1 bring on civil and foreign    
war1 anarchy at home1 dictation abroad1 
desolation1 ruin1--by equal reason1 ,i  
say1 yes a thousand fold stronger1 shall
 they inherit the execrations of ages4  
,e4 ,everett4                           
,,cccxiii4                        ,a    
,,tribute ,,to ,,our ,,honored ,,dead4  
,how bright are the honors which await  
those who with sacred fortitude and     
patriotic patience have endured all     

things that they might save their native
 land from division and from the power  
of corruption4 ,the honored dead6 ,they 
that die for a good cause are redeemed  
from death4 ,their names are gathered   
and garnered4 ,their memory is precious4
 ,each place grows proud for them who   
were born there4 ,there is to be1 ere   
long1 in every village1 and in every    
neighborhood1 a glowing pride in its    
martyred heroes4 ,tablets shall preserve
 their names4 ,pious love shall renew   
their inscriptions as time and the      
unfeeling elements efface them4 ,and the
 national festivals shall give          
multitudes of precious names to the     
orator's lips4 ,children shall grow up  
under more sacred inspirations1 whose   
elder brothers dying nobly for their    
country1 left a name that honored and   
inspired all who bore it4 ,orphan       
children shall find thousands of fathers
 and mothers to love and help those whom
 dying heroes left as a legacy to the   
gratitude of the public4  ,oh1 tell me  

not that they are dead--that generous   
hosts that airy army of invisible       
heroes4 ,they hover as a cloud of       
witnesses above this nation4 ,are they  
dead that yet speak louder than we can  
speak1 and a more universal language8   
,are they dead that yet act8 ,are they  
dead that yet move upon society1 and    
inspire the people with nobler motives  
and more heroic patriotism8  ,ye that   
mourn1 let gladness mingle with your    
tears4 ,it was your son3 but now he is  
the nation's4 ,he made your household   
bright3 now his example inspires a      
thousand households4 ,dear to his       
brothers and sister's1 he is now brother
 to every generous youth in the land4   
,before1 he was narrowed1 appropriated1 
shut up to you4 ,now he is augmented1   
set free1 and given to all4 ,before he  
was yours3 he is ours4 ,he has died from
 the family that he might live to the   
nation4 ,not one name shall be forgot   
ten or neglected3 and it shall by-and-by
 be confessed of our modern heroes1 as  

it is of an ancient hero1 that he did   
more for his country by his death than  
by his whole life4  ,neither are they   
less honored who shall bear through life
 the marks of wounds and sufferings4    
,neither epaulette nor badge is so      
honorable as wounds received in a good  
cause4 ,many a man shall envy him who   
henceforth limps4 ,so strange is the    
transforming power of patriotic ardor1  
that men shall almost covet             
disfigurement4 ,crowds will give way to 
hobbling cripples1 and uncover in the   
presence of feebleness and helplessness4
 ,and buoyant children shall pause in   
their noisy games1 and with loving      
rererence honor them whose hands can    
work no more1 and whose feet are no     
longer able to march except upon that   
journey which brings good men to honor  
and immortality4 ,oh1 mother of lost    
children6 set not in darkness nor sorrow
 whom a nation honors4 ,oh1 mourners of 
the early dead1 they shall live again1  
and live forever4 ,your sorrows are our 

gladness4 ,the nation lives because you 
gave it men that love it better than    
their own lives4 ,and when a few more   
days shall have cleared the perils from 
around the nation's brow1 and she shall 
sit in unsullied garments of liberty1   
with justice upon her forehead1 love in 
her eyes1 and truth upon her lips1 she  
shall not forget those whose blood gave 
vital currents to her heart1 and whose  
life1 given to her1 shall live with her 
life till time shall be no more4  ,every
 mountain and hill shall have its       
treasured name1 every river shall keep  
some solemn title1 every valley and     
every lake shall cherish its honored    
register2 and till the mountains are    
worn out1 and the rivers forget to flow1
 till the clouds are weary of           
replenishing springs1 and the springs   
forget to gush1 and the rills to sing1  
shall their names be kept fresh with    
reverent honors which are inscribed upon
 the book of ,national ,remembrance4    
,h4 ,w4 ,beecher4                       

,,cccxiv4                           ,,on
 ,,the ,,confiscation ,,bill4  ,few of  
those engaged in this rebellion will    
ever be made to suffer in their persons2
 and if they are to be left in the full 
possession and enjoyment of their       
cotton1 their lands1 and their negroes1 
the innocent will have been made to     
suffer while the guilty will go         
unpunished4 ,shall the fathers of the   
gallant sons whose mangled bodies have  
been borne back to ,illinois by         
hundreds1 from the bloody fields of     
,belmont1 of ,donelson1 and ,pea ,ridge1
 be ground down by onerous taxes1 which 
shall descend upon their children to the
 third and fourth generations1 to defray
 the expenses of defending the          
,government against traitors1 and we    
forbear to touch even the property of   
the authors of these calamities1 whose  
persons are beyond our reach8 ,suppose  
ye that the loyal people of this country
 will submit to such injustice8  ,i     
believe ,i represent as loyal1 as       

patriotic and as brave a constituency as
 any other ,senator4 ,i claim nothing   
more4 ,while ,i am proud of the part    
which the soldiers of my own ,state took
 in defeating the enemy in the ,west1 ,i
 do not claim for them any superiority  
over the other soldiers of the          
,republic4 ,the brave men who besieged  
,donelson1 and who1 after fighting      
through the day for three consecutive   
days1 lay each night on the ground      
without shelter1 exposed to the rain and
 sleet1 were chiefly ,illinoisans4 ,it  
was there that rebellion received the   
heavy blow which has staggered it ever  
since4 ,forty dead bodies were borne    
from that bloody field to one small town
 in my ,state1 and buried in a common   
grave4 ,the ,union forces at ,pea ,ridge
 were also largely made up of soldiers  
from ,illinois4 ,suppose ye that ,i can 
go back to ,illinois1 among the         
relatives of those who have been cruelly
 destroyed1 and propose to levy taxes   
upon them in order to conciliate and    

compensate the murderers1 for that is   
really what exempting rebel property    
from confiscation amounts to8 ,sir1 ,i  
know not if they would submit to such   
injustice2 and yet there are those who  
not only talk of an amnesty to the men  
who have brought these troubles upon the
 country1 but oppose providing the mild 
punishment of confiscation of property  
for those who shall continue hereafter  
to war upon the ,government1 and whose  
persons are beyond our reach4 ,do       
gentlemen regard it as conciliatory to  
oblige us to lay taxes upon those whose 
habitations have been consumed1 to      
reward those who have burned them8 upon 
those whose whole property has been     
stolen1 to reward the thieves8 upon     
those whose relatives have been slain1  
to compensate the murderers8 ,in my     
judgment1 justice1 humanity1 and mercy  
herself all demand that we at once      
provide that the supporters of this     
cruel and wicked rebellion should       
henceforth be made to feel its burdens4 

,when the rebels1 whose hands are       
dripping with the blood of loyal        
citizens1 shall have grounded their     
arms1 it will be time enough to talk of 
clemency2 but to have our sympathies    
excited in their behalf now1 when       
fighting to overthrow the ,government1  
is cruelty to the loyal men who have    
rallied to its support4                 
,l4 ,trumbull4                          
,,cccxv4                          ,,the 
,,crittenden ,,compromise4  ,sir1 what  
are the remedies that are proposed for  
the present condition of things1 and    
what have they been from the beginning8 
,they have been propositions of         
compromise2 and ,senators have spoken of
 peace1 and of the horrors of civil war2
 and gentlemen who have contended for   
the right of the people of the          
,territories to regulate their own      
affairs1 and who have been horrified at 
the idea of a geographical line dividing
 free ,states from slave ,states1 free  
territory from slave territory1--and we 

have proclaimed that the great principle
 upon which the ,revolution was fought  
was that of the right of the people to  
govern themselves1 and that it was a    
monstrous doctrine for ,congress to     
interfere in any way with its own       
,territories--these gentlemen come      
forward here with propositions to divide
 the country on a geographical line2 and
 not only that1 but to establish slavery
 south of the line2 and they call this  
the ,missouri ,compromise6 ,the         
proposition known as the ,crittenden    
,compromise is no more like the         
,missouri ,compromise than is the       
government of ,turkey like that of the  
,united ,states4 ,the ,missouri         
,compromise was a law declaring that in 
all the territory which we had acquired 
from ,louisiana1 north of a certain line
 of latitude1 slavery or involuntary    
servitude should never exist4 ,but it   
said nothing about the establishment of 
slavery south of that line4 ,it was a   
compromise made in order to admit       

,missouri into the ,union as a slave    
,state1 in #ahbj4 ,that was the         
consideration for the exclusion of      
slavery from all the country north of   
#cf #cj'4 ,now1 sir1 ,i have no         
objection to the restoration of the     
,missouri ,compromise as it stood in    
#ahed1 when the ,kansas-,nebraska ,bill 
repealed it4  ,the proposition known as 
the ,crittenden ,compromise declares not
 only that in the territory south of the
 said line of latitude1 slavery of the  
,african race is thereby recognized as  
existing1 and shall not be interfered   
with by ,congress2 but it provides      
further1 that1 in the territory we shall
 hereafter acquire south of that line1  
slavery shall be recognized1 and not    
interfered with by ,congress2 but shall 
be protected as property by all the     
departments of the territorial          
government during its continuance2 so   
that1 if we make acquisitions on the    
south of territories now free1 and where
 by the laws of the land the footsteps  

of slavery have never been1 the moment  
we acquire jurisdiction over them1 the  
moment the stars and stripes of the     
,republic float over those free         
territories1 they carry with them       
,african slavery1 established beyond the
 power of ,congress and beyond the power
 of any territorial legislature or of   
the people1 to keep it out3 and we are  
told that this is the ,missouri         
,compromise6  ,now1 sir1 why cannot we  
have peace1 ,i ask1 upon the compromise 
measures of #ahej8 ,why disturb them8   
,they were enacted by great men4 ,they  
gave peace to the country4 ,why is it   
necessary now to overturn them8 ,restore
 the old ,missouri ,compromise as it    
stood2 let us go back to the settlement 
made in #ahej1 and there let us stand4  
,what more would ,senators have8 ,the   
,south were satisfied with that         
settlement4 ,have we disturbed it8 ,are 
we proposing to disturb it8 ,not at all4
 ,you yourselves disturbed it1 and      
brought these difficulties upon the     

country4  ,i have always insisted that  
the people of the ,northern ,states were
 in no manner responsible for slavery in
 the ,southern states2 and why8 ,because
 they had no power in regard to it4     
,each ,state has a right to manage its  
own domestic affairs4 ,i will not       
interfere with it where ,i have no      
authority by the ,constitution to       
interfere2 but ,i will never consent1   
the people of my ,state will never      
consent1 the people of the great        
,northwest1 numbering more in white     
population than all your ,southern      
,states together1 never will consent by 
their act to establish ,african slavery 
anywhere4 ,no1 sir2 ,i will never agree 
to put into the ,constitution of the    
country a clause establishing or making 
perpetual slavery anywhere4 ,no1 sir2 no
 human being shall ever be made a slave 
by my vote4 ,not one single foot of     
,god's soil shall ever be dedicated to  
,african slavery by my act--never6      
,never6                                 

,l4 ,trumbull4                          
,,cccxvi4                        ,,reply
 ,,to ,,senator ,,breckinridge4  ,the   
,senator from ,kentucky stands up here  
in opposition to what he sees is the    
overwhelming sentiment of the ,senate1  
and utters reproof1 malediction and     
prediction combined4 ,i would ask him1  
sir1 what would you havre us to do      
now--a rebel army within twenty mites of
 us1 advancing or threatening to advance
 to destroy your ,government8 ,will the 
,senator yield to rebellion8 ,will he   
shrink from armed insurrection8 ,will   
his ,state justify it8 ,will its better 
public opinion allow it8 ,shall we send 
a flag of truce8 ,what would he have8   
,or would he conduct this war so feebly 
that the whole world would smile at us  
in derision8 ,what would he have8 ,these
 speeches of his1 sown broadcast over   
the land--what clear1 distinct meaning  
have they8 ,are they not intended for   
disorganization in our very midst8 ,are 
they not intended to dull our weapons8  

,are they not intended to destroy our   
zeal8 ,are they not intended to animate 
our enemies8 ,sir1 are they not words of
 brilliant1 polished treason1 even in   
the very ,capitol of the ,confederacy8  
,be with the enemy or with us4  ,i come1
 then1 to emancipation4 ,and1 first1 ,i 
ask my countrymen to proclaim           
emancipation to the slaves as a matter  
of necessity to ourselves2 for unless it
 be by accident1 we are not to come out 
of this contest as one nation1 except by
 emancipation4 ,confiscation of the     
property of the rebels may be necessary 
and just2 but it is not enough4 ,it will
 not save us in this rugged and awful   
crisis4 ,it is inadequate to meet the   
exigency in which the country is placed4
 ,we must have emancipation4 ,the       
political salvation of the country      
demands it2 and it is inevitable4 ,the  
time is approaching when emancipation   
must take place1 and we have now1 ,i    
think1 only a choice of ways4           
,emancipation may be achieved by the    

slaves themselves2 it may be effected by
 the ,government of the ,united ,states2
 it may come through the desperation of 
the slaveholding rebels themselves4 ,but
 come it must4 ,i say1 then1 let us1 at 
the head of our armies1 on the soil of  
,south ,carolina1 proclaim              
,freedom--freedom to all her slaves1 and
 then enforce the proclamation as far   
and as fast as we have opportunity4 ,let
 the blow fall first on that ,state     
which first rebelled1 as a warning and a
 penalty for her perfidy in this        
business1 which began at the moment that
 her delegates penned their names to the
 ,constitution4  ,next1 ,florida1       
impotent in her treachery1 with less    
than a hundred and fifty thousand       
inhabitants1 and with property not equal
 to that of a single ward in this city1 
and that purchased with the money of the
 people1--emancipate her slaves1 and    
invite the refugees from slavery in the 
,south1 for the moment to assemble      
there1 if they desire1 and take         

possession of the soil4  ,and next in   
this work of emancipation ,i name       
,texas1 a ,state purchased by a costly  
war with ,mexico and which went out of  
the ,union because she could not extend 
slavery in the ,union4 ,let us teach her
 people that in the ,union or out of the
 union1 slavery is not to be extended4  
,emancipate the slaves in ,texas1 and   
invite men from the army1 invite men    
from the ,north1 invite men from        
,ireland1 invite men from ,germany1--the
 friends of freedom1 of every name and  
every nation8--bid them welcome to the  
millions of acres of fertile lands we   
shall there confiscate1 and they will   
form a barrier of freemen1 a wall of    
liberty1 over which1 or through which1  
or beneath which it will be impossible  
for slavery to extend itself4  ,these   
three ,states may be sufficient for     
warning1 for refuge1 and for security   
against the spread of slavery2 but ,i   
would have it distinctly understood1    
that by the next anniversary of the     

birth of the ,father of his ,country1 we
 shall emancipate the slaves in all the 
disloyal and rebellious ,states if they 
do not previously return to their       
allegiance4  ,but justice to the slaves1
 no less than necessity to us1 demands  
emancipation4 ,certainly they have been 
subjected to a sufficient apprenticeship
 under slavery1 through two centuries1  
to prepare them for freedom if ever they
 are to be prepared4 ,i say1 then1      
justice to the slave demands            
emancipation4 ,let us maintain the      
principles of the declaration of        
,independence4 ,the fundamental         
difference on which the ,north and      
,south have divided for thirty years is 
on that part of the ,declaration which  
says ,all men are created equal4 ,they  
have denied it2 we have undertaken to   
maintain it4 ,jefferson meant1 when he  
penned that immortal truth1 not that men
 are equal physically1 intellectually1  
or morally1 but that no one is born     
under any political subserviency to his 

fellow man4 ,let us maintain the        
doctrine now4 ,these slaves are men2    
,jefferson did not hesitate to call them
 brethren4 ,the declaration concerning  
the equality of men applies to them as  
to us2 and now that in the progress of  
events the ,south has relieved us from  
responsibility in regard to eleven      
disloyal ,states1 let us stand forth as 
a nation in our original strength and   
purity1 maintaining the ideas to which  
our fathers gave utterance4 ,that we may
 have ground on which to stand and      
defend ourselves in this contest1 let us
 declare in the presence of these       
slaveholders and rebels1 in the presence
 of ,europe1 that we proclaim ,,the     
,,equality ,,of ,,all ,,men4            
,g4 ,s4 ,boutwell4                      
,,cccxviii4                       ,,the 
,,reconstruction ,,of ,,louisiana4  ,mr4
 ,president and ,fellow-citizens--,at   
the request of the ,committee of        
,arrangements1 ,i am present as a       
spectator1 to witness the imposing and  

grand ceremonies of this interesting    
occasion1 and reluctantly to express in 
words my great gratification at the     
progress that has been made in the      
restoration of ,louisiana to the ,union 
of ,states1 and in the majestic evidence
 before me of the returning loyalty of  
its people4 ,i have watched with the    
deepest interest the momentous events in
 the struggle through which we are      
passing1 from its inception to the      
present hour4 ,in common with the mass  
of my countrymen ,i have sorrowed at    
reverses1 and rejoiced in victories4 ,i 
have mourned over the heroes who have   
fallen on the field of battle--my       
brothers in blood1 my brothers in       
arms--and have joined in the honors     
which a grateful people have showered   
upon the gallant spirits who upon the   
sea and upon the land have led our hosts
 to victory4 ,they never can be         
forgotten4 ,day by day and hour by hour1
 ,i have observed the receding armies of
 the enemy1 until more than half the    

territory covered by the shadow of the  
rebel flag at the beginning of the war1 
has fallen into the possession of the   
,government1 and is covered by the      
,stars and ,stripes--the emblem of      
,liberty1 now and forever1 here and     
everywhere4  ,we have1 indeed1 enough to
 rejoice our hearts in the progress of  
our armies1 and to give joy to the      
festivities of this glad hour1--        
,but much remains          ,to conquer  
still4 ,peace hath her victories        
,no less renowned than war4  ,in order  
to maintain the ground we have recovered
 with such terrible sacrifice of        
precious life1 and to enable the gallant
 leaders and heroic men of our armies to
 retire to the walks of civil life      
again1 it is necessary that civil       
institutions of government should be    
restablished1 and a new1 subdued1 yet   
patriotic spirit1 like that which held  
,the helm of ,rome1 when robes1 not     
arms1          ,repelled the fierce     
,epirote and the bold ,african1  should 

animate our people and restore the      
pristine purity and power of the nation4
  ,louisiana has not been faithless to  
her duties1 nor is she now1 nor will she
 be in the future4 ,among the truest    
spirits in the hour of trial were her   
sons and her daughters4 ,among the      
bravest and truest upon the field of    
battle have been her volunteers4 ,she   
was the first in this great revolution  
of ideas rather than arms1 to organize  
her public schools upon a war footing1  
and infuse into the uncorrupted hearts  
of their pupils this new sentiment of   
nationality1 by the daily repetition1   
with the morning prayers1 of the        
magnificent anthems of ,american        
liberty4 ,she was the first to institute
 the system of compensated labor1 that  
makes the restoration of the institution
 of slavery on this continent impossible
 that compels us to prepare for the     
elevation of the oppressed race among   
us1 and the ultimate recognition of all 
their rights4 ,she is the first in this 

revolution of ideas to give to the      
social element of the people a national 
interest and a national spirit in the   
great drama of life through which we are
 passing4 ,and here1 to-day1 with this  
splendid pageant--here1 to-day1 at the  
inauguration which consummates an       
election by the people of more than     
ordinary purity and of unrestricted     
freedom--here1 to-day she is to         
recognize1 as a national sentiment for  
the new age and the new history1 the    
doctrine that ,union ,,and ,liberty1 now
 and forever1 must be1 and will be1 one 
and inseparable4  ,in proportion to the 
confidence with which the people of the 
,american continent shall view the      
results of this day's history so will   
arise1 in all parts of our land1 a cry  
of joy as of a people liberated from the
 bondage of slavery and death4 ,and from
 the hearthstone and the altar will     
arise the prayer of the good and wise1  
that this first gleam of light will     
prove a joyful harbinger of a perpetual 

day of peace1 prosperity1 and power4    
,n4 ,p4 ,banks4                         
,,cccxix4                               
,,the ,,bible--,,its ,,influence4  ,this
 ,book has taken such a hold on the     
world as no other4 ,the literature of   
,greece1 which goes up like incense from
 that land of temples and heroic deeds1 
has not half the influence of this ,book
 from a nation alike despised in ancient
 and modern times4 ,it is read of a     
,sunday in all the thirty thousand      
pulpits of our land4 ,in all the temples
 of ,christendom is its voice lifted up1
 week by week4 ,the sun never sets on   
its gleaming page4 ,it goes equally to  
the cottage of the plain man and the    
palace of the king4 ,it is woven into   
the literature of the scholar1 and      
colors the talk of the street4 ,the bark
 of the merchant cannot sail the sea    
without it2 no ship of war goes to the  
conflict but the ,bible is there6 ,it   
enters men's closets2 mingles in all the
 grief and cheerfulness of life4 ,the   

affianced maiden prays ,god in          
,scripture for strength in her new      
duties2 men are married by ,scripture4  
,the ,bible attends them in their       
sickness2 when the fever of the world is
 on them1 the aching head finds a softer
 pillow if such leaves lie underneath4  
,the mariner1 escaping from shipwreck1  
clutches this first of his treasures1   
and keeps it sacred to ,god4 ,it goes   
with the peddler1 in his crowded pack2  
cheers him at eventide1 when he sits    
down dusty and fatigued2 brightens the  
freshness of his morning face4 ,it      
blesses us when we are born2 gives names
 to half ,christendom2 rejoices with us2
 has sympathy for our mourning2 tempers 
our grief to finer issues4 ,it is the   
better part of our sermons4 ,it lifts   
man above himself2 our best of uttered  
prayers are its storied speech1         
wherewith our fathers and the patriarchs
 prayed4  ,the timid man1 about awaking 
from this dream of life1 looks through  
the glass of ,scripture and his eye     

grows bright2 he does not fear to stand 
alone1 to tread the way unknown and     
distant1 to take the death-angel by the 
hand1 and bid farewell to wife1 and     
babes1 and home4 ,men rest on this their
 dearest hopes4 ,it tells them of ,god1 
and of his blessed ,son2 of earthly     
duties and of heavenly rest4 ,foolish   
men find it the source of ,plato's      
wisdom1 and the science of ,newton1 and 
the art of ,raphael2 wicked men use it  
to rivet the fetters of the slave4 ,men 
who believe nothing else that is        
,spiritual1 believe the ,bible all      
through2 without this they would not    
confess1 say they1 even that there was a
 ,god4                                  
,t4 ,parker4                            
,,cccxx4                    ,,the       
,,bible--,,its ,,deep ,,and ,,lasting   
,,power4  ,for this deep and lasting    
power of the ,bible there must be an    
adequate cause4 ,that nothing comes of  
nothing is true all the world over4 ,it 
is no light thing to hold1 with an      

electric chain1 a thousand hearts1      
though but an hour1 beating and bounding
 with such fiery speed4 ,what is it then
 to hold the ,christian world1 and that 
for centuries8 ,are men fed with chaff  
and husks8 ,the authors we reckon great1
 whose word is in the newspaper1 and the
 market-place1 whose articulate breath  
now sways the nation's mind1 will soon  
pass away1 giving place to other great  
men of a season1 who in their turn shall
 follow them to eminence and then to    
oblivion4 ,some thousand famous writers 
come up in this century1 to be forgotten
 in the next4 ,but the silver cord of   
the ,bible is not loosed1 nor its golden
 bowl broken1 as ,time chronicles its   
tens of centuries passed by4 ,has the   
human race gone mad8 ,time sits as a    
refiner of metal2 the dross is piled in 
forgotten heaps1 but the pure gold is   
reserved for use1 passes into the ages1 
and is current a thousand years hence as
 well as to-day4 ,it is only real merit 
that can long pass for such4 ,tinsel    

will rust in the storms of life4 ,false 
weights are soon detected there4 ,it is 
only a heart that can speak deep and    
true1 to a heart2 a mind to a mind2 a   
soul to a soul2 wisdom to the wise1 and 
religion to the pious4 ,there must then 
be in the ,bible1 mind1 conscience1     
heart and soul1 wisdom and religion4    
,were it otherwise1 how could millions  
find it in their lawgiver1 friend1 and  
prophet8 ,some of the greatest of human 
institutions seem built on the ,bible2  
such things will not stand on heaps of  
chaff but on mountains of rocks4        
,t4 ,parker4                            
,,cccxxi4                      ,,support
 ,,of ,,the ,,government ,,by ,,force4  
,what we have to do is clear4 ,the      
dictate of wisdom1 the impulse of       
patriotism1 the instinct of safety and  
preservation1 the lessons of the past1  
the hopes of the future1 all bid us     
uphold the constitutional ,government of
 the ,united ,states1 and by the power  
of force--a power which1 of necessity1  

underlies all government--carry it      
triumphantly through this conflict1 till
 its legitimate results are attained4   
,upon this power of force1 the          
conspirators against this ,government   
have relied from the beginning4 ,they   
have expected to appeal to it1 as is    
evident from the extent to which the    
,northern forts1 arsenals1 and people   
have been robbed of arms and munitions  
of war1 which1 during the last          
administration1 were sent into the      
,southern ,states in numbers altogether 
disproportionate to their population1   
and unauthorized by law4 ,if they       
believed in the right of peaceable      
secession from the ,government of the   
,united ,states1 as a right clearly     
admitted and secured by the             
,constitution1 it is strange that they  
should have made such far-sighted       
preparations to maintain this right by  
forcible resistance to its authority4   
,to this power1 these conspirators and  
those whom they had beguiled from their 

allegiance1 made a direct appeal when   
they fired their first shot upon ,fort  
,sumter4 ,this appeal1 the ,united      
,states ,government is compelled to     
meet1 and by the strong arm of its      
military power1 at the point of the     
bayonet1 and beneath the smoke and blaze
 of its guns1 enforce the obedience     
which reason1 if it had not been        
dethroned1 would never have refused1 and
 recover the allegiance which           
patriotism1 if it had not been deceived 
and bewildered1 would never have        
relinquished4 ,in this case1 it is not  
the ,government that inaugurates civil  
war1 but the men who1 by treason and    
rebellion1 are seeking to overturn it2  
and for this gigantic crime1--the crime 
of disturbing the peace of thirty       
millions of people1 of attempting to    
dismember a ,union fraught with manifest
 advantages to all embraced in it1 and  
to overturn1 by force1 a ,government    
benignant in its sway1 and mighty in its
 protection1 its benefits1 and its      

blessings1--for this crime they have no 
justification4  ,under civil            
institutions1 republican and            
representative in their character1 where
 there are legitimate1 constitutional   
channels provided for the expression of 
the popular will1 through which the     
,government can be modified1 its organic
 or its statute laws reached1 altered1  
amended1 so as to meet the wishes of the
 majority1 or protect the rights of a   
minority1 there can be no justification 
of rebellion that will stand before the 
world1 or secure a verdict of approval  
from the pen of impartial history4 ,if  
we would secure for ourselves that      
approval1 let us stand be this          
constitutional ,government of the       
,united ,states1 and at whatever cost1  
carry it thorough to the legitimate     
results of this conflict4               
,s4 ,k4 ,lothrop4                       
,,book ,,second4                        
,,recent ,,selections4                  
,,poetry4                               

,,cccxxii4                              
,,our ,,country',s ,,call4              
,lay down the axe1 fling by the spade3  
,leave in its track the toiling plough2 
,the rifle and the bayonet-blade        
,for arms like yours were fitter now2   
,and let the hands that ply the pen     
,quit the light task1 and learn to wield
                    ,the horseman's     
crooked brand1 and rein                 
,the charger on the battle-field4       
,our country calls2 away6 away6         
,to where the blood-stream blots the    
green1                    ,strike to    
defend the gentlest sway                
,that ,time in all his course has seen4 
,see1 from a thousand coverts--see      
,spring the armed foes that haunt her   
track2                    ,they rush to 
smite her down1 and we                  
,must beat the banded traitors back4    
,ho6 sturdy as the oaks ye cleave1      
,and moved as soon to fear and flight1  
,men of the glade and forest6 leave     
,your woodcraft for the field of fight4 

,the arms that wield the axe must pour  
,an iron tempest on the foe2            
,his serried ranks shall reel before    
,the arm that lays the panther low4     
,and ye who breast the mountain storm   
,by grassy steep or highland lake1      
,come1 for the land ye love1 to form    
,a bulwark that no foe can break4       
,stand1 like your own gray cliff's that 
mock                    ,the whirlwind2 
stand in her defence3                   
,the blast as soon shall move the rock  
,as rushing squadron's bear ye thence4  
,and ye1 whose homes are by her grand   
,swift rivers1 rising far away1         
,come from the depth of her green land  
,as mighty in your march as they2       
,as terrible as when the rains          
,have swelled them over bank and bourn1 
,with sudden floods to drown the plains 
,and sweep along the woods uptorn4      
,and ye who throng1 beside the deep1    
,her ports and hamlets of the strand1   
,in number like the waves that leap     
,on his long murmuring marge of sand1   

,come1 like that deep1 when1 o'er his   
brim1                    ,he rises1 all 
his floods to pour1                     
,and flings the proudest barks that     
swim1                    ,a helpless    
wreck against the shore4                
,few1 few were they whose swords1 of    
old1                    ,won the fair   
land in which we dwell2                 
,but we are many1 we who hold           
,the grim resolve to guard it well4     
,strike for that broad and goodly land1 
,blow after blow1 till men shall see    
,that ,might and ,right move hand in    
hand1                    ,and glorious  
must their triumph be4                  
,w4 ,c4 ,bryant4                        
,,cccxxiii4                             
,,not ,,yet4                     ,o     
country1 marvel of the earth6           
,o realm to sudden greatness grown6     
,the age that gloried in thy birth1     
,shall it behold thee overthrown8       
,shall traitors lay that greatness low8 
,no1 ,land of ,hope and ,blessing1 ,no6 

,and we who wear thy glorious name1     
,shall we1 like cravens1 stand apart1   
,when those whom thou hast trusted1 aim 
,the death-blow at thy generous heart8  
,forth goes the battle-cry1 and lo6     
,hosts rise in harness1 shouting1 ,no6  
,and they who founded1 in our land1     
,the power that rules from sea to sea1  
,bled they in vain1 or vainly planned   
,to leave their country great and free8 
,their sleeping ashes1 from below1      
,send up the thrilling murmur1 ,no6     
,knit they the gentle ties which long   
,these sister ,states were proud to     
wear1                    ,and forged the
 kindly links so strong                 
,for idle hands in sport to tear--      
,for scornful hands aside to throw8     
,no1 by our fathers' memories1 ,no6     
,our humming marts1 our iron ways1      
,our wind-tossed woods on mountain      
crest1                    ,the hoarse   
,atlantic1 with his bays1               
,the calm1 broad ,ocean of the ,west1   
,and ,mississippi's torrent flow1       

,and loud ,niagara1 answer1 ,no6        
,not yet the hour is nigh1 when they    
,who deep in ,eld's dim twilight sit1   
,earth's ancient kings1 shall rise and  
say1                    ,proud country1 
welcome to the pit6                     
,so soon art thou1 like us1 brought low8
                    ,no1 sullen group of
 shadows1 ,no6                     ,for 
now1 behold the arm that gave           
,the victory in our fathers' day1       
,strong as of old1 to guard and save--  
,that mighty arm which none can stay--  
,on clouds above and fields below1      
,writes1 in men's sight1 the answer1    
,no6                                    
,w4 ,c4 ,bryant4                        
,,cccxxiv4                              
,,the ,,american ,,flag4                
,at last1 at last1 each glowing star    
,in that pure field of heavenly blue1   
,on every people shining far1           
,burns1 to its utmost promise true4     
,hopes in our fathers' hearts that      
stirred1                    ,justice1   

the seal of peace1 long scorned1        
,o perfect peace6 too long deferred1    
,at last1 at last1 your day has dawned4 
,your day has dawned1 but many an hour  
,of storm and cloud1 of doubt and tears1
                    ,across the eternal 
sky must lower1                         
,before the glorious noon appears4      
,and not for us that noontide glow3     
,for us the strife and toil shall be2   
,but welcome toil1 for now we know      
,our children shall that glory see4     
,at last1 at last1 ,o ,stars and        
,stripes6                    ,touched in
 your birth by ,freedom's flame1        
,your purifying lightning wipes         
,out from our history its shame4        
,stand to your faith1 ,america6         
,sad ,europe listen to our call6        
,up to your manhood1 ,africa6           
,that gracious flag floats over all4    
,and when the hour seems dark with doom1
                    ,our sacred banner1 
lifted higher1                    ,shall
 flash away the gathering gloom         

,with inextinguishable fire4            
,pure as its white the future see6      
,bright as its red is now the sky6      
,fixed as its stars the faith shall be1 
,that nerves our hands to do or die4    
,g4 ,w4 ,curtis                         
,,cccxxv4                               
,,am ,i ,,for ,,peace8 ,,yes4           
,for the peace which rings out from the 
cannons' throat1               ,and the 
suasion of shot and shell1              
,till ,rebellion's spirit is trampled   
down               ,to the depths of its
 kindred hell4                ,for the  
peace which shall follow the squadron's 
tramp1               ,where the brazen  
trumpets bray1               ,and1 drunk
 with the fury of storm and strife1     
,the blood-red chargers neigh4          
,for the peace which shall wash out the 
leprous stain               ,of our     
slavery--foul and grim1                 
,and shall sunder the fetters which     
creak and clank               ,on the   
down-trodden dark man's limb4           

,i will curse him as traitor1 and false 
of heart1               ,who would      
shrink from the conflict now1           
,and will stamp it1 with blistering1    
burning brand1               ,on his    
vitreous1 ,cain-like brow4              
,out6 out of the way6 with your spurious
 peace1               ,which would make 
us ,rebellion's slaves2                 
,we will rescue our land from the       
traitorous grasp1               ,or     
cover it with our graves4               
,out6 out of the way6 with your knavish 
schemes6               ,you trembling   
and trading pack6               ,crouch 
away in the dark1 like a sneaking hound 
,that its master has beaten back4       
,you would barter the fruit of our      
fathers' blood1               ,and sell 
out the ,stripes and ,stars1            
,to purchase a place with ,rebellion's  
votes1               ,or escape from    
,rebellion's scars4                ,by  
the widow's wail1 by the mother's tears1
               ,by the orphans who cry  

for bread1               ,by our sons   
who fell1 we will never yield           
,till ,rebellion's soul is dead4        
,anonymous4                             
,,cccxxvi4                              
,,the ,,great ,,bell ,,roland4          
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,in ,old ,st4 ,bavon's tower1           
,at midnights hour1                     
,the great bell ,roland spoke6          
,all souls that slept in ,ghent awoke6  
,what meant the thunder stroke8         
,why trembled wife and maid8            
,why caught each man his blade8         
,why echoed every street                
,with tramp of thronging feet           
,all flying to the city's wall8         
,it was the warning call                
,that ,freedom stood in peril of a foe6 
,and even timid hearts grew bold        
,whenever ,roland tolled1               
,and every hand a sword could hold6     
,so acted men                    ,like  
patriots then1                    ,three
 hundred years ago6                     

,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,bell never yet was hung1               
,between whose lips there swung         
,so grand a tongue6                     
,if men be patriots still1              
,at thy first sound                     
,true hearts will bound1                
,great souls will thrill6               
,then toll and strike the test          
,through each man's breast1             
,till loyal hearts shall stand          
confess'd1--                    ,and may
 ,god's wrath smite all the rest6       
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,not now in old ,st4 ,bavon's tower-,not
                    now at midnight     
hour--                    ,not now from 
,river ,scheldt to ,zuyder ,zee1        
,but here1--this side the sea6--4       
,toll here1 in broad1 bright day6-,for  
not by night awaits                     
,a noble foe without the gates1         
,but perjured friends within betray1    
,and do the deed at noon6               
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   

,thy sound is not too soon6             
,to ,arms6 ,ring out the ,leader's call6
                    ,recho it from ,east
 to ,west1                    ,till     
every hero's breast                     
,shall swell beneath a soldier's crest6 
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,till cottager from cottage wall        
,snatch pouch and powder-horn and gun6  
,the sire bequeathed them to the son1   
,when only half their work was done6    
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,till swords from scabbards leap6       
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,what tears can widows weep             
,less bitter than when brave men fall8  
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,in shadowed hut and small              
,shall lie the soldier's pall1          
,and hearts shall break while graves are
 filled6                    ,amen6 ,so  
,god has willed6                    ,and
 may his grace anoint us all6           
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,the ,dragon on thy tower               

,stands sentry to this hour1            
,and ,freedom so stands safe in ,ghent6 
,and the merrier bells now ring1        
,and in the land's serene content       
,men shout ,god save the ,king6         
,until the skies are rent6              
,so let it be2                    ,for a
 kingly king is he                      
,who keeps his people free6             
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,ring out across the sea6               
,no longer ,they but ,we                
,have now such need of thee6            
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,forever may thy throat                 
,keep dumb its warning note             
,till ,freedom's perils be outbraved6   
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,till ,freedom's flag1 wherever waved1  
,shall overshadow not a man enslaved6   
,toll6 ,roland1 toll6                   
,from ,northern lake to ,southern       
strand1                    ,toll6       
,roland1 toll6                    ,till 
friend and foe1 at thy command1         

,once more shall clasp each other's     
hand1                    ,and shout1    
one-voiced1 ,god save the land6         
,and love the land that ,god hath saved6
                    ,toll6 ,roland1     
toll6                                   
,t4 ,tilton4                            
,,ccxxvii4                              
,,the ,,massachusetts ,,line4           
,still first1 as long and long ago1     
,let ,massachusetts muster3             
,give her the post right next the foe2  
,be sure that you may trust her4        
,she was the first to give her blood    
,for ,freedom and for ,honor2           
,she trod her soil to crimson mud3      
,god's blessing be upon her6            
,she never faltered for the right1      
,nor ever will hereafter3               
,fling up her name with all your might2 
,shake roof-tree and shake rafter4      
,but of old deeds she need not brag1--  
,how she broke sword and fetter3        
,fling out again the old striped ,flag2 
,she'll do yet more and better4         

,in peace1 her sails fleck all the seas2
                    ,her mills shake    
every river2                    ,and    
where are scenes so fair as these       
,god and her true hands give her8       
,in war1 her claim who seek to rob8     
,all others come in later3              
,it is hers first to front the ,mob1    
,the ,tyrant1 and the ,traitor4         
,god bless1 ,god bless1 the glorious    
,state6                    ,let her have
 way to battle6                         
,she'll go where batteries crash with   
fate1                    ,or where thick
 rifles rattle4                         
,give her the ,right1 and let her try2  
,and then who can may press her2        
,she'll go straight on1 or she will die3
                    ,god bless her1 and 
,god bless her6                         
,r4 ,lowell4                            
,,cccxxviii4                            
,,on ,,the ,,shores ,,of ,,tennessee4   
,move my arm-chair1 faithful ,pompey1   
,in the sunshine bright and strong1     

,for this world is fading1 ,pompey--    
,massa won't be with you long2          
,and ,i fain would hear the south wind  
,bring once more the sound to me1       
,of the wavelets softly breaking        
,on the shores of ,tennessee4           
,mournful though the ripples murmur1    
,as they still the story tell1          
,how no vessels float the banner        
,that ,i've loved so long and well1     
,i shall listen to their music1         
,dreaming that again ,i see             
,stars and stripes on sloop and shallop1
                    ,sailing up the     
,tennessee4                     ,and1   
,pompey1 while old massa's waiting      
,for death's last despatch to come1     
,if that exiled starry banner           
,should come proudly sailing home1      
,you shall greet it1 slave no longer--  
,voice and hand shall both be free      
,that shouts and points to ,union colors
                    ,on the waves of    
,tennessee4                     ,massa's
 berry kind to ,pompey2                 

,but ole darkey's happy here1           
,where he's tended corn and cotton      
,for 'ese many a long-gone year4        
,over yonder ,missis's sleeping--       
,no one tends her grave like me2        
,mebbie she would miss the flowers      
,she used to love in ,tennessee4        
',pears like she was watching ,massa--  
,if ,pompey should beside him stay1     
,mebbie she'd remember better           
,how for him she used to pray2          
,telling him that way up yonder         
,white as snow his soul would be1       
,if he served the ,lord of heaven       
,while he lived in ,tennessee4          
,silently the tears were rolling        
,down the poor old dusky face1          
,as he stepped behind his master1       
,in his long accustomed place4          
,then a silence fell around them1       
,as they gazed on rock and tree         
,pictured in the placid waters          
,of the rolling ,tennessee4             
,master dreaming of the battle          
,where he fought by ,marion's side1     

,when he bid the haughty ,tarleton      
,stoop his lordly crest of pride4       
,man1 remembering how yon sleeper       
,once he held upon his knee1            
,ere she loved the gallant soldier1     
,ralph ,vervair1 of ,tennessee4         
,still the south wind fondly lingers    
',mid the veteran's silvery hair2       
,still the bondman close beside him     
,stands behind the old arm-chair1       
,with his dark-hued hand uplifted1      
,shading eyes he bends to see           
,where the woodland boldly jutting      
,turns aside the ,tennessee4            
,thus he watches cloud-born shadows     
,glide from tree to mountain crest1     
,softly creeping1 aye and ever1         
,to the river's yielding breast4        
,ha6 above the foliage yonder           
,something flutters wild and free6      
,massa6 ,massa6 ,hallelujah6            
,the flag's come back to ,tennessee6    
,pompey hold me on your shoulder1       
,help me stand on foot once more1       
,that ,i may salute the colors          

,as they pass my cabin-door4            
,here's the paper signed that frees you2
                    ,give a freeman's   
shout with me--                    ',god
 and ,union6' be our watchword          
,evermore in ,tennessee4                
,then the trembling voice grew fainter1 
,and the limbs refused to stand2        
,one prayer to ,jesus--and the soldier  
,glided to that better land4            
,when the flag went down the river      
,man and master both were free1         
,while the ringdove's note was mingled  
,with the rippling ,tennessee4          
,e4 ,l4 ,beers4                         
,,cccxxix4                          ,a  
,,battle-,,song ,,for ,,freedom4        
,men of action6 men of might6           
,stern defenders of the right6          
,are you girded for the fight8          
,have you marked and trenched the       
ground1                    ,where the   
din of arms must sound1                 
,ere the victor can be crowned8         
,have you guarded well the coast8       

,have you marshalled all your host8     
,standeth each man at his post8         
,have you counted up the cost8          
,what is gained and what is lost1       
,when the foe your lines have crost8    
,gained--the infamy of fame4            
,gained--a dastard's spotted name4      
,gained--eternity of shame4             
,lost--desert of manly youth4           
,lost--the right you had by birth4      
,lost--lost6--freedom for the earth4    
,freemen1 up6 ,the foe is nearing6      
,haughty banners high uprearing--       
,lo1 their serried ranks appearing6     
,freemen1 on6 ,the drums are beating6   
,will you shrink from such a meeting8   
,forward6 ,give them hero greeting6     
,from your hearths1 and homes1 and      
altars1                    ,backward    
hurl your proud assaulters4             
,he is not a man that falters4          
,hush6 ,the hour of fate is nigh1       
,on the help of ,god rely6              
,forward6 ,we will do or die4           
,g4 ,hamilton4                          

,,cccxxx4                               
,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,the ,,north4       
,up the hill-side1 down the glen1       
,rouse the sleeping citizen3            
,summon out the might of men6           
,like a lion growling low-,like         
a night-storm rising slow-,like         
the tread of unseen foe--               
,it is coming--it if nigh6              
,stand your homes and altars by1        
,on your own free threshold die4        
,clang the bells in all your spires1    
,on the gray hills of your sires        
,fling to heaven your signal-fires4     
,oh6 for ,god and duty stand1           
,heart to heart and hand to hand1       
,round the old grates of the land4      
,whoso shrinks or falters now1          
,whoso to the yoke would bow1           
,brand the craven on his brow4          
,freedom's soil has only place          
,for a free and fearless race--         
,none for traitors false and base4      
,perish party--perish clan2             
,strike together while you can1         

,like the strong arm of one man4        
,like the angel's voice sublime1        
,heard above a world of crime1          
,crying for the end of ,time4           
,with one heart and with one mouth1     
,let the ,north speak to the ,south2    
,speak the word befitting both4         
,j4 ,g4 ,whittier4                      
,,cccxxxi4                              
,,the ,,watchers4                       
,beside a stricken field ,i stood2      
,on the torn turf1 on grass and wood1   
,hung heavily the dew of blood4         
,still in their fresh mounds lay the    
slain1                    ,but all the  
air was quick with pain                 
,and gusty sighs and tearful rain4      
,two angels1 each with drooping head    
,and folded wings and noiseless tread1  
,watched by that valley of the dead4    
,the one with forehead saintly bland    
,and lips of blessing1 not command1     
,leaned1 weeping1 on her olive wand4    
,the other's brows were scarred and     
knit1                    ,his restless  

eyes were watch-fires lit1              
,his hands for battle-gauntlets fit4    
,how long6 ,i knew the voice of         
,peace1--                    ,is there  
no respite8--no release8--              
,when shall the hopeless quarrel cease8 
,o ,lord1 how long6--,one human soul    
,is more than any parchment scroll1     
,or any flag thy winds unroll4          
,what price was ,ellsworth's1 young and 
brave8                    ,how weigh the
 gift that ,lyon gave1                  
,or count the cost of ,winthrop's grave8
                     ,o brother6 if     
thine eye can see1                      
,tell me how and when the end shall be1 
,what hope remains for thee and me4     
,then ,freedom sternly said3 ,i shun    
,no strife nor pang beneath the sun1    
,when human rights are staked and won4  
,i knelt with ,ziska's hunted flock1    
,i watered in ,toussaint's cell of rock1
                    ,i walked with      
,sidney to the block4                   
,the ,moor of ,marston felt my tread1   

,through ,jersey snows the march ,i led1
                    ,my voice ,magenta's
 charges sped4                     ,but 
now through weary day and night1        
,i watch a vague and aimless fight      
,for leave to strike one blow aright4   
,on either side my foe they own3        
,one guards through love his ghastly    
throne1                    ,and one     
through fear to reverence grown4        
,why wait we longer1 mocked1 betrayed1  
,by open foes1 or those afraid          
,to speed thy coming through my aid8    
,why watch to see who win or fall8--    
,i shake the dust against them all1     
,i leave them to their senseless brawl4 
,nay1 ,peace implored3 yet longer wait2 
,the doom is near1 the stake is great2  
,god knoweth if it be too late4         
,still wait and watch2 the way prepare  
,where ,i with folded wings of prayer   
,may follow1 weaponless and bare4       
,too late6 the stern1 sad voice replied 
,too late6 its mournful echo sighed1--  
,in low lament the answer died4         

,a rustling as of wings in flight1      
,an upward gleam of lessening white1    
,so passed the vision1 sound and sight4 
,but round me1 like a silver bell       
,rung down the listening sky to tell    
,of holy help1 a sweet voice fell4      
,still hope and trust1 it sang2 the rod 
,must fall1 the wine-press must be trod1
                    ,but all is possible
 with ,god6                             
,j4 ,g4 ,whittier4                      
,,cccxxxii4                             
,,barbara ,,frietchie4                  
,up from the meadows rich with corn1    
,clear in the cool ,september morn1     
,the clustered spires of ,frederick     
stand                    ,green-walled  
by the hills of ,maryland4              
,round about them orchards sweep1       
,apple and peach-tree fruited deep1     
,fair as a garden of the ,lord          
,to the eyes of the famished rebel      
horde1                     ,on that     
pleasant morn of the early fall         
,when ,lee marched over the             

mountain-walls--                        
,over the mountains winding down1       
,horse and foot1 into ,frederick town4  
,forty flags with their silver stars1   
,forty flags with their crimson bars1   
,flapped in the morning wind2 the sun   
,of noon looked down1 and saw not one4  
,up rose old ,barbara ,frietchie then1  
,bowed with her fourscore years and ten2
                     ,bravest of all in 
,frederick town1                    ,she
 took up the flag the men hauled down2  
,in her attic window the staff she set1 
,to show that her heart was loyal yet4  
,up the street came the rebel tread1    
,stonewall ,jackson riding ahead4       
,under his slouched hat left and right  
,he glanced2 the old flag met his sight4
                     ,halt6--the        
dust-brown ranks stood fast2            
,fire6--out blazed the rifle-blast4     
,it shivered the window1 pane and sash2 
,it rent the banner with seam and gash4 
,quick1 as it fell1 from the broken     
staff                    ,dame ,barbara 

snatched the silken scarf2              
,she leaned far out on the window-sill1 
,and shook it forth with a royal will4  
,shoot1 if you must1 this old gray head1
                    ,but spare your     
country's flag1 she said4               
,a shade of sadness1 a blush of shame1  
,over the face of the leader came2      
,the nobler nature within him stirred   
,to life at that woman's deed and word3 
,who touches a hair of your gray head   
,dies like a dog6 ,march on6 he said4   
,all day long through ,frederick street 
,sounded the tread of marching feet3    
,all day long that free flag tossed     
,over the heads of the rebel host4      
,ever its torn folds rose and fell      
,on the loyal winds that loved it well2 
,and through the hill-gaps sunset light 
,shone over it with a warm good-night4  
,barbara ,frietchie's work is o'er1     
,and the rebel rides on his raids no    
more4                     ,honor to her6
 and let a tear                         
,fall1 for her sake1 on ,stonewall's    

bier4                     ,over ,barbara
 ,frietchie's grave                     
,flag of ,freedom and ,union1 wave6     
,peace and order and beauty draw        
,round thy symbol of light and law2     
,and ever the stars above look down     
,on thy stars below in ,frederick town6 
,j4 ,g4 ,whittier4                      
,,cccxxxiii4                            
,,pro ,,patria4                         
,,inscribed ,,to ,,the ,,second ,,new   
,,hampshire ,,regiment4           ,the  
grand old earth shakes at the tread of  
the ,norsemen1          ,who meet1 as of
 old1 in defence of the true2           
,all hail to the stars that are set in  
their banner6          ,all hail to the 
red1 and the white1 and the blue6       
,as each column wheels by1              
,hear their hearts' battle-cry1--       
,it was ,warren's1--',tis sweet for our 
country to die6           ,lancaster and
 ,cos1 ,laconia and ,concord1           
,old ,portsmouth and ,keene1 send their 
stalwart young men2          ,they come 

from the plough1 and the loom1 and the  
anvil1          ,from the marge of the  
sea1 from the hill-top and glen4        
,as each column wheels by1              
,hear their hearts' battle-cry1--       
,it was ,warren's1--',tis sweet for our 
country to die6           ,the prayers  
of fair women1 like legions of angels1  
,watch over our soldiers by day and by  
night2          ,and the ,king of all   
glory1 the ,chief of all armies1        
,shall love them and lead them who dare 
to do right6          ,as each column   
wheels by1          ,hear their hearts' 
battle-cry1--          ',t was          
,warren's1--',tis sweet for our country 
to die6                                 
,t4 ,b4 ,aldrich4                       
,,ccxxxiv4                              
,,the ,,calvary ,,charge4               
,with bray of the trumpet               
,and roll of the drum1                  
,and keen ring of bugle1                
,the cavalry come4                      
,sharp clank the steel scabbards1       

,the bridle-chains ring1                
,and foam from red nostrils             
,the wild chargers fling4               
,tramp6 tramp6 o'er the greensward      
,that quivers below1                    
,scarce held by the curb-bit            
,the fierce horses go6                  
,and the grim-visaged colonel1          
,with ear-rending shout1                
,peals forth to the squadrons           
,the order--,trot out6                  
,one hand on the sabre1                 
,and one on the rein1                   
,the troopers move forward              
,in line on the plain4                  
,as rings the word ,gallop6             
,the steel scabbards clank1             
,and each rowel is pressed              
,to a horse's hot flank3                
,and swift is their rush                
,as the wild torrent's flow1            
,when it pours from the crag            
,on the valley below4                   
,charge6 thunders the leader3           
,like shaft from the bow                

,each mad horse is hurled               
,on the wavering foe4                   
,a thousand bright sabres               
,are gleaming in air2                   
,a thousand dark horses                 
,are dashed on the square4              
,resistless and reckless                
,of aught may betide1                   
,like demons1 not mortals1              
,the wild troopers ride4                
,cut right6 and cut left6--             
,for the parry who needs8               
,the bayonets shiver                    
,like wind-shattered reeds4             
,vain--vain the red volley              
,that bursts from the square1--         
,the random-shot bullets                
,are wasted in air4                     
,triumphant1 remorseless1               
,unerring as death1--                   
,no sabre that's stainless              
,returns to its sheath4                 
,the wounds that are dealt              
,by that murderous steel                
,will never yield case                  

,for the surgeon to heal4               
,hurrah6 they are broken--              
,hurrah6 boys1 they fly--               
,none linger save those                 
,who but linger to die4                 
,rein up your hot horses                
,and call in your men1--                
,the trumpet sounds ,rally              
,to color again4                        
,some saddles are empty1                
,some comrades are slain1               
,and some noble horses                  
,like stark on the plain1               
,but war's a chance game1 boys1         
,and weeping is vain4                   
,f4 ,a4 ,durivage4                      
,,cccxxxv4                              
,,the ,,cumberland4                     
,at anchor in ,hampton ,roads we lay1   
,on board of the ,cumberland            
sloop-of-war2                    ,and at
 times from the fortress across the bay 
,the alarum of drums swept past1        
,or a bugle-blast                       
,from the camp on the shore4            

,then far away to the ,south uprose     
,a little feather of snow-white smoke1  
,and we knew that the iron ship of our  
foes                    ,was steadily   
steering its course                     
,to try the force                    ,of
 our ribs of oak4                       
,down upon us heavily runs1             
,silent and sullen1 the floating fort2  
,then comes a puff of smoke from her    
guns1                    ,and leaps the 
terrible death1                    ,with
 fiery breath1                    ,from 
each open port4                     ,we 
are not idle1 but send her straight     
,defiance back in a full broadside6     
,as hail rebounds from a roof of slate1 
,rebounds our heavier hail              
,from each iron scale                   
,of the monster's hide4                 
,strike your flag6 the ,rebel cries1    
,in his arrogant old plantation strain4 
,never6 our gallant ,morris replies2    
,it is better to sink than to yield6    
,and the whole air pealed               

,with the cheers of our men4            
,then1 like a kraken huge and black1    
,she crushed our ribs in her iron grasp6
                    ,down went the      
,cumberland all a wrack1                
,with a sudden shudder of death1        
,and the cannon's breath                
,for her dying gasp4                    
,next morn as the sun rose over the bay1
                    ,still floated our  
flag at the main mast-head1             
,lord1 how beautiful was ,thy day6      
,every waft of the air                  
,was a whisper of prayer1               
,or a dirge for the dead4               
,ho6 brave hearts that went down in the 
seas6                    ,ye are at     
peace in the troubled stream4           
,ho6 brave land6 with hearts like these1
                    ,thy flag1 that is  
rent in twain1                    ,shall
 be one again1                    ,and  
without a seam6                         
,h4 ,w4 ,longfellow4                    
,,cccxxxvi4                             

,,united ,,states ,,national ,,anthem4  
,god of the ,free6 upon ,thy breath     
,our ,flag is for the ,right unrolled1  
,as broad and brave as when its stars   
,first lit the hallowed time of old4    
,for ,duty still its folds shall fly2   
,for ,honor still its glories burn1     
,where ,truth1 ,religion1 ,valor1 guard 
,the patriot's sword and martyr's urn4  
,no tyrant's impious step is ours2      
,no lust of power on nations rolled3    
,our ,flag--for friends1 a starry sky2  
,for traitors1 storm in every fold4     
,o thus we'll keep our ,nation's life1  
,nor fear the bolt by despots hurled2   
,the blood of all the world is here1    
,and they who strike us strike the      
world6                     ,god of the  
,free6 our ,nation bless                
,in its strong manhood as its birth2    
,and make its life a ,star of ,hope     
,for all the struggling of the ,earth4  
,then shout beside thine ,oak1 ,o       
,north6                    ,o ,south6   
wave answer with thy ,palm2             

,and in our ,union's heritage           
,together sing the ,nation's ,psalm6    
,w4 ,r4 ,wallace4                       
,,cccxxxvii4                            
,,the ,,fisherman ,,of ,,beaufort4      
,the tide comes up1 and the tide goes   
down1                    ,and still the 
fisherman's boat1                    ,at
 early dawn and at evening shade1       
,is ever and ever afloat3               
,his net goes down1 and his net comes   
up1                    ,and we hear his 
song of glee3                    ,de    
fishes dey hates de ole slave nets1     
,but comes to de nets of de free4       
,the tide comes up1 and the tide goes   
down1                    ,and the       
oysterman below                    ,is  
picking away1 in the slimy sands1       
,in the sands ob de long ago4           
,but now if an empty hand he bears1     
,he shudders no more with fear1         
,there's no stretching-board for the    
aching bones1                    ,and no
 lash of the overseer4                  

,the tide comes up1 and the tide goes   
down1                    ,and ever ,i   
hear a song1                    ,as the 
moaning winds1 through the moss-hung    
oaks1                    ,sweep surging 
ever along3                    ,o massa 
white man6 help de slave1               
,and de wife and chillen too2           
,eber dey'll work1 wid de hard worn hand
                    ,ef ell gib 'em de  
work to do4                     ,the    
tide comes up1 and the tide goes go     
down1                    ,but it bides  
no tyrant's word1                    ,as
 it chants unceasing the anthem grand1  
,of its ,freedom to the ,lord4          
,the fisherman floating on its breast   
,has caught up the key-note true3       
,de sea works1 mass1 for 't sef and     
,god1                    ,and so must de
 brack man too4                     ,den
 gib him de work1 and gib him de pay1   
,for de chillen and wife him love2      
,and de yam shall grow1 and de cotton   
shall blow1                    ,and him 

nearer1 nebber rove2                    
,for him love de ole ,carlina ,state1   
,and de ole magnolia-tree3              
,oh6 nebber him trouble de icy ,norf1   
,ef de brack folks am go free4          
,mrs4 ,f4 ,d4 ,gage4                    
,,cccxxxviii4                           
,,the ,,flower ,,of ,,liberty4          
,what flower is this that greets the    
morn1                    ,its hues from 
heaven so freshly born8                 
,with burning star and flaming band     
,it kindles all the sunset land2--      
,o1 tell us what its name may be6       
,is this the ,flower of ,liberty8       
,it is the banner of the free1          
,the starry ,flower of ,liberty6        
,in savage ,nature's far abode          
,its tender seed our fathers sowed2     
,the storm-winds rocked its swelling    
bud1                    ,its opening    
leaves were streaked with blood1        
,till1 lo6 earth's tyrants shook to see 
,the full-blown ,flower of ,liberty6    
,then hail the banner of the free1      

,the starry ,flower of ,liberty6        
,behold its streaming rays unite        
,one mingling flood of braided light1-- 
,the red that fires the ,southern rose1 
,with spotless white from ,northern     
snows1                    ,and1 spangled
 o'er its azure1 see                    
,the sister ,stars of ,liberty6         
,then hail the banner of the free1      
,the starry ,flower of ,liberty6        
,the blades of heroes fence it round2   
,where'er it springs is holy ground2    
,from tower and dome its glories spread2
                    ,it waves where     
lonely sentries tread2                  
,it makes the land as ocean free1       
,and plants an empire on the sea6       
,then hail the banner of the free1      
,the starry ,flower of ,liberty6        
,thy sacred leaves1 fair ,freedom's     
flower1                    ,shall ever  
float on dome and tower1                
,to all their heavenly colors true1     
,in blackening frost or crimson dew1--  
,and ,god love us as we love thee1      

,thrice holy ,flower of ,liberty6       
,then hail the banner of the free1      
,the starry ,flower of ,liberty6        
,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,cccxxxix4                             
,,an ,,appeal4                ,listen1  
young heroes6 your country is calling6  
,time strikes the hour for the brave and
 the true6               ,now1 while the
 foremost are fighting and falling1     
,fill up the ranks that have opened for 
you6                ,you whom the       
fathers made free and defended1         
,stain not the scroll that emblazons    
their fame6               ,yon whose    
fair heritage spotless descended1       
,leave not your children a birthright of
 shame6                ,stay not for    
questions while ,freedom stands gasping6
               ,wait not till ,honor    
lies wrapped in his pall6               
,brief the lips' meeting be1 swift the  
hands' clasping1--               ,off   
for the ,wars6 is enough for them all4  
,break from the arms that would fondly  

caress you6               ,hark6 't is  
the bugle-blast1 sabres are drawn6      
,mothers shall pray for you1 fathers    
shall bless you1               ,maidens 
shall weep for you when you are gone6   
,never or now6 cries the blood of a     
nation1               ,poured on the    
turf where the red rose should bloom2   
,now is the day and the hour of         
salvation1--               ,never or    
now6 peals the trumpet of doom6         
,never or now6 roars the hoarse-throated
 cannon               ,through the black
 canopy blotting the skies2             
,never or now6 flaps the shell-blasted  
pennon               ,o'er the deep ooze
 where the ,cumberland lies6            
,from the foul dens where our brothers  
are dying1               ,aliens and    
foes in the land of their birth1--      
,from the rank swamps where our martyrs 
are lying               ,pleading in    
vain for a handful of earth1--          
,from the hot plains where they perish  
outnumbered1               ,furrowed and

 ridged by the battle-field's plough1   
,comes the loud summons2 too long you   
have slumbered1               ,hear the 
last ,angel-trump--,never or ,now6      
,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,cccxl4                                
,,the ,,last ,,charge4                  
,now men of the ,north6 will you join in
 the strife               ,for country1 
for freedom1 for honor1 for life8       
,the giant grows blind in his fury and  
spite1--               ,one blow on his 
forehead will settle the fight6         
,flash full in his eyes the blue        
lightning of steel1               ,and  
stun him with cannon-bolts peal upon    
peal6               ,mount1 troopers1   
and follow your game to its lair1       
,as the hound tracks the wolf and the   
beagle the hare6                ,blow1  
trumpets1 your summons1 till sluggards  
awake6               ,beat1 drums1 till 
the roofs of the fainthearted shake6    
,yet1 yet1 ere the signet is stamped on 
the scroll1               ,their names  

may be traced on the blood-sprinkled    
roll6                ,trust not the     
false herald that painted your shield3  
,true honor to-day must be sought on the
 field6               ,her scutcheon    
shows white with a blazon of red1--     
,the life-drops of crimson for liberty  
shed6                ,the hour is at    
hand1 and the moment draws nigh6        
,the dog-star of treason grows dim in   
the sky6               ,shine forth from
 the battle-cloud1 light of the morn1   
,call back the bright hour when the     
,nation was born6                ,the   
rivers of peace through our valleys     
shall run1               ,as the        
glaciers of tyranny melt in the sun2    
,smite1 smite the proud parricide down  
from his throne1--               ,his   
sceptre once broken1 the world is our   
own6                                    
,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,cccxli4                               
,,voyage ,,of ,,the ,,good ,,ship       
,,union4                     ',tis      

midnight3 through my troubled dream     
,loud wails the tempest's cry2          
,before the gale1 with tattered sail1   
,a ship goes plunging by4               
,what name8 ,where bound8 ,the rocks    
around                    ,repeat the   
loud halloo4                   --,the   
good ship ,union1 ,southward bound3     
,god help her and her crew6             
,and is the old flag flying still       
,that o'er your fathers flew1           
,with bands of white and rosy light1    
,and field of starry blue8              
--,ay6 look aloft6 its folds full oft   
,have braved the roaring blast1         
,and still shall fly when from thy sky  
,this black typhoon has past6           
,speak1 pilot of the storm-tost bark6   
,may ,i thy peril share8                
--,o landsman1 these are fearful seas   
,the brave alone may dare6              
--,nay1 ruler of the rebel deep1        
,what matters wind or wave8             
,the rocks that wreck your reeling deck 
,will leave me nought to save6          

,o landsman1 art thou false or true8    
,what sign hast thou to show8           
--,the crimson stains from loyal veins  
,that hold my heart-blood's flow6       
--,enough6 what more shall honor claim8 
,i know the sacred sign2                
,above thy head our flag shall spread6  
,our ocean path be thine6               
,the bark sails on2 the ,pilgrim's cape 
,lies low along her lee1                
,whose headland crooks its anchor-flukes
                    ,to lock the shore  
and sea4                    ,no treason 
here6 it cost too dear                  
,to win this barren realm6              
,and true and free the hands must be    
,that hold the whaler's helm4           
,still on6 ,manhattan's narrowing bay   
,no ,rebel cruiser scars2               
,her raters feel no pirate's keel       
,that flaunts the fallen stars6         
,but watch the light on yonder height1--
                    ,ay1 pilot1 have a  
care6                    ,some lingering
 cloud in mist may shroud               

,the capes of ,delaware6                
,say1 pilot1 what this fort may be1     
,whose sentinels look down              
,from moated wails that show the sea    
,their deep embrasures' frown8          
,the ,rebel host claims all the coast1  
,but these are friends1 we know1        
,whose footprints spoil the sacred soil1
                    ,and this is8--,fort
 ,monroe6                     ,the      
breakers roar1--how bears the shore8    
--,the traitorous wreckers' hands       
,have quenched the blaze that poured its
 rays                    ,along the     
,hatteras sands4                        
--,ha6 say not so6 ,i see its glow6     
,again the shoals display               
,the beacon light that shines by night1 
,the ,union ,stars by day6              
,the good ship flies to milder skies1   
,the wave more gently flows2            
,the softening breeze wafts o'er the    
seas                    ,the breath of  
,beaufort's rose4                       
,what fold is this the sweet winds kiss1

                    ,fair-striped and   
many-starred1                    ,whose 
shadow palls these orphaned walls1      
,the twins of ,beauregard8              
,what6 heard you not ,port ,royal's     
doom8                    ,how the black 
war-ships came                    ,and  
turned the ,beaufort roses' bloom       
,to redder wreaths of flame8            
,how from ,rebellion's broken reed      
,we saw his emblem fall1                
,as soon his cursd poison-weed          
,shall drop from ,sumter's wall8        
,on6 on6 ,pulaski's iron hail           
,falls harmless on ,tybee6              
,her topsails feel the freshening       
gale1--                    ,she strikes 
the open sea2                    ,she   
rounds the point1 she threads the ,keys 
,that guard the ,land of ,flowers1      
,and rides at last where firm and fast  
,her own ,gibraltar towers6             
,the good ship ,union's voyage is o'er1 
,at anchor safe she swings1             
,and loud and clear with cheer on cheer 

,her joyous welcome rings3              
,hurrah6 ,hurrah6 it shakes the wave1   
,it thunders on the shore1--            
,one flag1 one land1 one heart1 one     
hand1                    ,one ,nation1  
evermore6                               
,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,cccxlii4                              
,,the ,,stripes ,,and ,,the ,,stars4    
,o ,star ,spangled ,banner6 the flag of 
our pride6               ,though        
trampled by traitors and basely defied1 
,fling out to the glad winds your ,red1 
,white1 and ,blue1               ,for   
the heart of the ,north-land is beating 
for you6               ,and her strong  
arm is nerving to strike with a will    
,till the foe and his boastings are     
humbled and still6               ,here's
 welcome to wounding and combat and     
scars               ,and the glory of   
death--for the ,stripes and the ,stars6 
,from prairie1 ,o ploughman6 speed      
boldly away--               ,there's    
seed to be sown in ,god's furrows       

to-day--               ,row landward1   
lone fisher6 stout woodman1 come home6  
,let smith leave his anvil and weaver   
his loom1               ,and hamlet and 
city ring loud with the cry1            
,for ,god and our country we'll fight   
till we die6               ,here's      
welcome to wounding and combat and scars
               ,and the glory of        
death--for the ,stripes and the ,stars6 
,invincible ,banner6 the ,flag of the   
,free6               ,o1 where treads   
the foot that would falter for thee8    
,or the hands to be folded1 till triumph
 is won               ,and the eagle    
looks proud1 as of old1 to the sun8     
,give tears for the parting--a murmur of
 prayer--               ,then ,forward6 
the fame of our standard to share6      
,with welcome to wounding and combat and
 scars               ,and the glory of  
death--for the ,stripes and the ,stars6 
,o ,god of our ,fathers6 this ,banner   
must shine               ,where battle  
is hottest1 in warfare divine6          

,the cannon has thundered1 the bugle has
 blown1--               ,we fear not the
 summons--we fight not alone6           
,o1 lead us1 till wide from the ,gulf to
 the ,sea               ,the land shall 
be sacred to ,freedom and ,thee6        
,with love1 for oppression2 with        
blessing1 for scars--               ,one
 ,country--one ,banner--the ,stripes and
 the ,stars6                            
,e4 ,d4 ,proctor4                       
,,cccxliii4                             
,,who',s ,,ready8                ,god   
help us6 ,who's ready8 ,there's danger  
before6               ,who's armed and  
who's mounted8 ,the foe's at the door6  
,the smoke of his cannon hangs black    
o'er the plain2               ,his      
shouts ring exultant while counting our 
slain2               ,and northward and 
northward he presses his line1--        
,who's ready8 ,o1 forward6--for yours   
and for mine6                ,no        
halting1 no discord1 the moments are    
,fates2               ,to shame or to   

glory they open the gates6              
,there's all we hold dearest to lose or 
to win2               ,the web of the   
future to-day we must spin2             
,and bid the hours follow with knell or 
with chime6--               ,who's      
ready8 ,o1 forward6--while yet there is 
time6                ,lead armies or    
councils1--be soldier a-field1--        
,alike1 so your valor is ,liberty's     
shield6               ,alike1 so you    
strike when the bugle-notes call1       
,for ,country1 for ,fireside1 for       
,freedom to ,all6               ,the    
blows of the boldest will carry the     
day1--               ,who's ready8 ,o1  
forward6--there's death in delay6       
,earth's noblest are praying1 at home   
and o'er sea1--               ,god keep 
the great nation united and free6       
,her tyrants watch1 eager to leap at our
 life1               ,if once we should 
falter or faint in the strife2          
,our trust is unshaken1 though legions  
assail1--               ,who's ready8   

,o1 forward6 and ,right shall prevail4  
,who's ready8 ,all ready6 undaunted we  
cry2               ,for ,country1 for   
,freedom1 we'll fight till we die2      
,no traitor1 at midnight1 shall pierce  
us in rest2               ,no alien1 at 
noonday1 shall stab us abreast2         
,the ,god of our ,fathers is guiding us 
still1--               ,all forward6    
we're ready1--and conquer we will6      
,e4 ,d4 ,proctor4                       
,,cccxliv4                              
,,mitchell4                       ,,hung
 ,,be ,,the ,,heavens ,,with ,,black4   
,his mighty life was burned away        
,by ,carolina's fiery sun2              
,the pestilence that walks by day       
,smote him before his course seemed run4
                     ,the constellations
 of the sky1--                    ,the  
,pleiades1 the ,southern ,cross1--      
,looked sadly down to see him die1      
,to see a nation weep his loss4         
,send him to us1 the stars might cry1-- 
,you do not feel his worth below2       

,your petty great men do not try        
,the measure of his mind to know4       
,his eye could pierce our vast          
expanse1--                    ,his ear  
could hear our morning songs1--         
,his mind1 amid our mystic dance1       
,could follow all our myriad throngs4   
,send him to us6 ,no martyr's soul1     
,no hero slain in righteous wars        
,no raptured saint could e'er control   
,a holier welcome from the stars4       
,take him1 ye stars6 ,take him on high  
,to your vast realms of boundless space2
                    ,but once he turned 
from you to try                    ,his 
name on martial scrolls to trace4       
,that once was when his country's call  
,said danger to her flag was nigh2      
,and then her banner's stars dimmed all 
,the radiant lights which gemmed the    
sky4                    ,take him1 loved
 orbs6 ,his country's life1--           
,freedom for all1--for these he wars2   
,for these he welcomed bloody strife1   
,and followed in the wake of ,mars4     

,w4 ,f4 ,williams4                      
,,cccxlv4                               
,,war ,,song4                           
,,dedicated ,,to ,,the ,,massachusetts  
,,regiments4                     ,up    
with the ,flag of the ,stripes and the  
,stars6                    ,gather      
together from plough and from loom6     
,hark to the signal6--the music of wars 
,sounding for tyrants and traitors their
 doom4                    ,march1 march1
 march1 march6                          
,brothers unite--rouse in your might1   
,for ,justice and ,freedom1 for ,god and
 the ,right6                     ,down  
with the foe to the land and the laws6  
,marching together our country to save1 
,god shall be with us to strengthen our 
cause1                    ,nerving the  
heart and the hand of the brave4        
,march1 march1 march1 march6            
,brother's unite--rouse in your might1  
,for ,justice and ,freedom1 for ,god and
 the ,right6                     ,flag  
of the ,free6 under thee will we fight1 

,shoulder to shoulder1 our face to the  
foe2                    ,death to all   
traitors1 and ,god for the ,right6      
,singing this song as to battle we go3  
,march1 march1 march1 march6            
,freemen unite--rouse in your might     
,for ,justice and ,freedom1 for ,god and
 the ,right6                     ,land  
of the ,free--that our fathers of old1  
,bleeding together1 cemented in blood-- 
,give us thy blessing1 as brave and as  
bold1                    ,standing like 
one1 as our ancestors stood--           
,we march1 march1 march1 march6         
,conquer or fall6 ,hark to the call3    
,justice and ,freedom for one and for   
all6                     ,chain of the  
slave we have suffered so long--        
,striving together thy links we will    
break6                    ,hark6 for    
,god hears us1 as echoes our song1      
,sounding the cry to make ,tyranny      
quake3                    ,march1 march1
 march1 march6                          
,conquer or fall6 ,rouse to the call--  

,justice and ,freedom for one and for   
all6                     ,workmen1      
arise6 ,there is work for us now2       
,ours the red ledger for bayonet pen2   
,sword be our hammer1 and cannon our    
plough2                    ,liberty's   
loom must be driven by men4             
,march1 march1 march1 march6            
,freemen we fight1 roused in our might1 
,for ,justice and ,freedom1 for ,god and
 the ,right4                            
,w4 ,w4 ,story4                         
,,cccxlvi4                              
,,the ,,black ,,regiment2               
,,or1            ,,the ,,second         
,,louisiana ,,at ,,the ,,storming ,,of  
,,port ,,hudson4                        
,dark as the clouds of even1            
,ranked in the western heaven1          
,waiting the breath that lifts          
,all the dread mass1 and drifts         
,tempest and falling brand              
,over a ruined land--                   
,so still and orderly1                  
,arm to arm1 knee to knee               

,waiting the great event1               
,stands the ,black ,regiment4           
,down the long dusky line               
,teeth gleam and eyeballs shine2        
,and the bright bayonet1                
,bristling and firmly set1              
,flashed with a purpose grand1          
,long ere the sharp command             
,of the fierce rolling drum             
,told them their time had come--        
,told them what work was sent           
,for the ,black ,regiment4              
,now1 the flag-sergeant cried1          
,though death and hell betide1          
,let the whole nation see               
,if we are fit to be                    
,free in this land2 or bound            
,down like the whining hound--          
,bound with red stripes of pain         
,in our old chains again6               
,oh6 what a shout there went            
,from the ,black ,regiment4             
,charge6 ,trump and drum awoke2         
,onward the bondmen broke2              
,bayonet and sabre stroke               

,vainly opposed their rush4             
,through the wild battle's crush1       
,with but one thought aflush1           
,driving their lords like chaff1        
,in the guns' mouths they laugh2        
,or at the slippery brands              
,leaping with open hands1               
,down they tear1 man and horse1         
,down in their awful course2            
,trampling with bloody heel             
,over the crashing steel1               
,all their eyes forward bent1           
,rushed the ,black ,regiment4           
,freedom6 their battle-cry              
,freedom6 or leave to die6              
,ah6 and they meant the word1           
,not as with us 't is heard1            
,not a mere party shout2                
,they gave their spirits out2           
,trusted the end to ,god1               
,and on the gory sod                    
,rolled in triumphant blood1            
,glad to strike one free blow1          
,whether for weal or woe2               
,glad to breathe one free breath1       

,though on the lips of death1           
,praying--alas6 in vain6--              
,that they might fall again1            
,so they could once more see            
,that burst to liberty6                 
,this was what ,freedom lent            
,to the ,black ,regiment4               
,hundreds on hundreds fell2             
,but they are resting well2             
,scourges and shackles strong           
,never shall do them wrong4             
,oh1 to the living few1                 
,soldiers1 be just and true6            
,hail them as comrades tried2           
,fight with them side by side2          
,never1 in field or tent1               
,scorn the ,black ,regiment6            
,g4 ,h4 ,boker4                         
,,cccxlvii4                             
,,forward6                              
,god1 to the human soul1                
,and all the spheres that roll1         
,wrapped by his ,spirit in their robes  
of light1                        ,hath  
said3 ,the primal plan1                 

,of all the world1 and man1             
,is forward6 ,progress is your law--your
 right4                          ,the   
despots of the earth1                   
,since ,freedom had her birth1          
,have to their subject nations said1    
,stand still2                           
,so1 from the ,polar ,bear1             
,comes down the freezing air1           
,and stiffens all things with its deadly
 chill4                          ,he who
 doth ,god resist--                     
,god's old antagonist--                 
,would snap the chain that binds all    
things to him2                          
,and in his godless pride1              
,all peoples would divide1              
,and scatter even the choirs of         
seraphim4                         ,god1 
all the orbs that roll1                 
,binds to one common goal--             
,one source of light and life--his      
radiant throne4                         
,in one fraternal mind                  
,all races would he bind1               

,till every man in man a brother own4   
,tyrants with tyrants league1           
,corruption and intrigue                
,to strangle infant ,liberty conspire4  
,around her cradle1 then1               
,let self-devoted men                   
,gather1 and keep unquenched her vital  
fire4                           ,when   
,tyranny1 grown bold1                   
,to ,freedom's host cries1 ,hold6       
,ye towards her temple at your peril    
march2                      ,stop1 that 
great host replies1                     
,raising to heaven its eyes1            
,stop1 first1 the host that moves across
 yon arch6                              
,when ,tyranny commands1                
,hold thou my victim's hands1           
,while ,i more firmly rivet on his      
chains1                           ,or   
with my bowie-knife                     
,i'll take your craven life1            
,or show my streets bespattered with    
your brains1--                          
,freedom with forward tread1            

,unblenching1 turns her head1           
,and drawing from its sheath her        
flashing glave1                         
,calmly makes answer3 ,dare             
,touch of my head one hair1             
,i'll cut the cord that holds your every
 slave6                                 
,j4 ,pierpont4                          
,,book ,,third4                         
,,humorous ,,selections                 
,,for                                   
,,recitation ,,and ,,declamation        
,,in ,,prose ,,and ,,poetry4            
,,book ,,third4                         
,,humorous ,,selections4                
,,prose4                                
,,cccxlviii4              ,,plea ,,of   
,,serjeant ,,buzfuz1 ,,in ,,bardell vs4 
,,pickwick4  ,the plaintiff gentlemen1  
the plaintiff is a widow2 yes1          
gentlemen1 a widow4 ,the late ,mr4      
,bardell1 after enjoying for many years 
the esteem and confidence of his        
sovereign1 as one of the guardians of   
his royal revenues1 glided almost       

imperceptibly from the world1 to seek   
elsewhere for that repose and peace     
which a custom-house can never afford4  
,some time before his death he had      
stamped his likeness upon a little boy4 
,with this little boy the only pledge of
 her departed exciseman1 ,mrs4 ,bardell 
shrunk from the world1 and courted the  
retirement and tranquillity of ,goswell 
,street2 and here she placed in her     
front parlor window a written placard1  
bearing this inscription--,apartments   
furnished for a single gentleman4       
,enquire within4 ,i entreat the         
attention of the jury to the wording of 
this document--,apartments furnished for
 a single gentleman6 ,mrs4 ,bardell's   
opinions of the opposite sex1 gentlemen1
 were derived from a long contemplation 
of the inestimable qualities of her lost
 husband4 ,she had no fear--she had no  
distrust--she had no suspicion--all was 
confidence and reliance4 ,mr4 ,bardell1 
said the widow1 ,mr4 ,bardell was a man 
of honor--,mr4 ,bardell was a man of his

 word--,mr4 ,bardell was no             
deceiver--,mr4 ,bardell was once a      
single gentleman himself2 to single     
gentlemen ,i look for protection1 for   
assistance1 for comfort1 and for        
consolation in single gentlemen ,i shall
 perpetually see something to remind me 
of what ,mr4 ,bardell was1 when he first
 won my young and untried affections2 to
 a single gentleman1 then1 shall my     
lodgings be let4 ,actuated by this      
beautiful and touching impulse1 7among  
the best impulses of our imperfect      
nature1 gentlemen17 the lonely and      
desolate widow dried her tears1         
furnished her first floor1 caught her   
innocent boy to her maternal bosom1 and 
put the bill up in her parlor window4   
,did it remain their long8 ,no4 ,the    
serpent was on the watch1 the train was 
laid1 the mine was preparing1 the sapper
 and miner was at work4 ,before the bill
 had been in the parlor window three    
days--three days1 gentlemen--a being    
erect upon two legs1 and bearing all the

 outward semblance of a man1 and not of 
a monster1 knocked at the door of ,mrs4 
,bardell's house4 ,he inquired within2  
he took the lodgings2 and on the very   
next day he entered into possession of  
them4 ,this man was                     
,pickwick--,pickwick1 the defendant4    
,of this man ,pickwick ,i will say      
little2 the subject presents but few    
attractions2 and ,i gentlemen1 am not   
the man1 nor are you1 gentlemen1 the men
 to delight in the contemplation of     
revolting heartlessness and systematic  
villainy4 ,i say systematic villainy    
gentlemen1 and when ,i say systematic   
villainy1 let me tell the defendant1    
,pickwick1 if he be in court1 as ,i am  
informed he is1 that it would have been 
more decent in him1 more becoming1 in   
better judgment1 and in better taste1 if
 he had stopped away4 ,let me tell him1 
gentlemen1 that any gestures of dissent 
or disapprobation in which he may       
indulge in this court will not go down  
with you2 that you will know how to     

value and how to appreciate them2 and   
let me tell him further1 as my lord will
 tell you1 gentlemen1 that a counsel1 in
 the discharge of his duty to his       
client1 is neither to be intimidated1   
nor bullied1 nor put down2 and that any 
attempt to do either the one or the     
other1 or the first or the last1 will   
recoil on the head of the attempter1 be 
he plaintiff1 or be he defendant1 be his
 name ,pickwick1 or ,noakes1 or         
,stoakes1 or ,stiles1 or ,brown1 or     
,thompson4  ,i shall allow you1         
gentlemen1 that for two years ,pickwick 
continued to reside constantly1 and     
without interruption or intermission1 at
 ,mrs4 ,bardell's house4 ,i shall show  
you that ,mrs4 ,bar-dell1 during the    
whole of that time1 waited on him1      
attended to his comforts1 cooked his    
meals1 looked out his linen for the     
washerwoman when it went abroad1 darned1
 aired1 and prepared it for wear when it
 came home1 and1 in short1 enjoyed his  
fullest trust and confidence4 ,i shall  

show you that1 on many occasions1 he    
gave half-pence1 and on some occasions  
even sixpences1 to her little boy2 and  
,i shall prove to you1 by a witness     
whose testimony it will be impossible   
for my learned friend to weaken or      
controvert1 that on one occasion he     
patted the boy on the head1 and after   
inquiring whether he had won any        
alley-tors or commoneys lately1 7both of
 which ,i understand to be species of   
marbles much prized by the youth of this
 town17 made use of this respectable    
expression--,how would you like to have 
another father8  ,two letters have      
passed between these parties1 letters   
which are admitted to be in the         
handwriting of the defendant1 and which 
speak volumes indeed4 ,these letters1   
too1 bespeak the character of the man4  
,they are not open1 fervid1 eloquent    
epistles1 breathing nothing but the     
language of affectionate attachment4    
,they are covert1 sly1 underhanded      
communications1 but1 fortunately1 far   

more conclusive than if couched in the  
most glowing language and the most      
poetic imagery--letters that must be    
viewed with a cautious and suspicious   
eye--letters that were evidently        
intended at the time1 by ,pickwick1 to  
mislead and delude any third parties    
into whose hands they might fall4 ,let  
me read the first3--,garraway's1 twelve 
o'clock--,dear ,mrs4 ,b4--,chops and    
tomato sauce4 ,yours1 ,pickwick4        
,gentlemen1 what does this mean8 ,chops 
and tomato sauce4 ,yours1 ,pickwick6    
,chops6 ,gracious heavens6 and tomato   
sauce6 ,gentlemen1 is the happiness of a
 sensitive and confiding female to be   
trifled away by such shallow artifices  
as these8 ,the next has no date         
whatever1 which is in itself            
suspicions--,dear ,mrs4 ,b4--,i shall   
not be at home to-morrow4 ,slow coach4  
,and then follows this very remarkable  
expression3--,don't trouble yourself    
about the warming-pan6 ,the warming-pan6
 ,why1 gentlemen1 who does trouble      

himself about a warming-pan8 ,when was  
the peace of mind of man or woman broken
 or disturbed about a warming-pan1 which
 is in itself a harmless1 a useful1 and 
,i will add1 gentlemen1 a comforting    
article of domestic furniture8 ,why is  
,mrs4 ,barbell so earnestly entreated   
not to agitate herself about this       
warming-pan1 unless 7as is no doubt the 
case7 it is a mere cover for hidden     
fire--a mere substitute for some        
endearing word or promise1 agreeable to 
some preconcerted system of             
correspondence1 artfully contrived by   
,pickwick with a view to his            
contemplated desertion1 and which ,i am 
not in a condition to explain8 ,and what
 does this allusion to the slow coach   
mean8 ,for aught ,i know it may be a    
reference to ,pickwick himself1 who has 
most unquestionably been a criminally   
slow coach during the whole of this     
transaction1 but whose speed will now be
 very unexpectedly accelerated1 and     
whose wheels1 gentlemen1 as he will find

 to his cost1 will soon be greased by   
you6  ,but enough of this1 gentlemen3 it
 is difficult to smile with an aching   
heart2 it is ill jesting when our       
deepest sympathies are awakened4 ,my    
client's hopes and prospects are ruined1
 and it is no figure of speech to say   
that her occupation is gone indeed4 ,the
 bill is down--but there is no tenant4  
,eligible single gentlemen pass and     
repass but there is no invitation for   
them to inquire within1 or without4 ,all
 is gloom and silence in the house2 even
 the voice of the child is hushed2 his  
infant sports are disregarded when his  
mother weeps2 his alley-tors and his    
commoneys are alike neglected2 he       
forgets the long familiar cry of        
knuckle-down1 and at tip-chesse1 or     
odd-and-even1 his hand is out4 ,but     
,pickwick1 gentlemen1 ,pickwick1 the    
ruthless destroyer of this domestic     
oasis in ,goswell ,street-,pickwick1 who
 has choked up the well1 and thrown     
ashes on the sward--,pickwick1 who comes

 before you to-day with his heartless   
tomato sauce and warming-pans--,pickwick
 still rears his head with unblushing   
effrontery1 and gazes without a sigh on 
the ruin he has made4 ,damages1         
gentlemen--heavy damages1 is the only   
punishment with which you can visit him2
 the only recompense you can award to my
 client4 ,and for those damages she now 
appeals to an enlightened1 a            
high-minded1 a right-feeling1 a         
conscientious1 a dispassionate1 a       
sympathizing1 a contemplative jury of   
her civilized countrymen4               
,c4 ,dickens                            
,,cccxlix4                        ,,mr4 
,,puff',s ,,account ,,of ,,himself4     
,sir1--,i make no secret of the trade ,i
 follow4 ,among friends and brother     
authors1 ,i love to be frank on the     
subject1 and to advertise myself viv    
voc4 ,i am1 sir1 a practitioner in      
panegyric2 or1 to speak more plainly1 a 
professor of the art of puffing1 at your
 service--or anybody's else4 ,i dare    

say1 now1 you conceive half the very    
civil paragraphs and advertisements you 
see to be written by the parties        
concerned1 or their friends4 ,no such   
thing2 nine out of ten manufactured by  
me1 in the way of business4 ,yon must   
know1 sir1 that from the first time ,i  
tried my hand at an advertisement1 my   
success was such1 that for some time    
after ,i led a most extraordinary life1 
indeed4 ,sir1 ,i supported myself two   
years entirely by my misfortunes2 by    
advertisements ,to the charitable and   
humane6 and ,to those whom ,providence  
has blessed with affluence6 ,and1 in    
truth1 ,i deserved what ,i got2 for ,i  
suppose never man went through such a   
series of calamities in the same space  
of time4 ,sir1 ,i was five times made a 
bankrupt1 and reduced from a state of   
affluence1 by a train of unavoidable    
misfortunes2 then1 sir1 though a very   
industrious tradesman1 ,i was twice     
burned out1 and lost my little all both 
times4 ,i lived upon those fires a      

month4 ,i soon after was confined by a  
most excruciating disorder1 and lost the
 use of my limbs4 ,that told very well2 
for ,i had the case strongly attested1  
and went about to collect the           
subscriptions myself4 ,i was afterwards 
twice tapped for a dropsy1 which        
declined into a very profitable         
consumption4 ,i was then reduced to--,o 
no6--then ,i became a widower with six  
helpless children4 ,all this ,i bore    
with patience1 though ,i made some      
occasional attempts at felo de se2 but1 
as ,i did not find those rash actions   
answer1 ,i left off killing myself very 
soon4 ,well1 sir1 at last1 what with    
bankruptcies1 fires1 gouts1 dropsies1   
imprisonments1 and other valuable       
calamities1 having got together a pretty
 handsome sum1 ,i determined to quit a  
business which had always gone rather   
against my conscience1 and in a more    
liberal way still to indulge my talents 
for fiction and embellishments1 through 
my favorite channel of diurnal          

communication2 and so1 sir1 you have my 
history4                                
,r4 ,b4 ,sheridan4                      
,,cccl4                      ,,lyceum   
,,speech ,,of ,,mr4 ,,orator ,,climax4  
,mr4 ,president1--,happiness is like a  
crow perched upon the neighboring top of
 a far distant mountain1 which some     
fisherman vainly strives1 to no purpose1
 to ensnare4 ,he looks at the crow1 ,mr4
 ,president1--and--,mr4 ,president the  
crow looks at him2 and1 sir1 they both  
look at each other4 ,but the moment he  
attempts to reproach him1 he banishes   
away like the schismatic taints of the  
rainbow1 the cause of which it was the  
astonishing and perspiring genius of a  
,newton1 who first deplored and         
enveloped the cause of it4 ,cannot the  
poor man1 sir1 precipitate into all the 
beauties of nature1 from the loftiest   
mounting up to the most humblest valley 
as well as the man prepossessed of      
indigence8 ,yes1 sir2 while trilling    
transports crown his view1 and rosy     

hours allure his sanguinary youth1 he   
can raise his mind up to the laws of    
nature1 incompressible as they are1     
while viewing the lawless storm that    
kindleth up the pretentious roaring     
thunder1 and fireth up the dark and     
rapid lightnings1 and causeth it to fly 
through the intensity of space1 that    
belches forth those awful and sublime   
meteors1 and roll-abolly-aliases1       
through the unfathomable regions of     
fiery hemispheres4 ,sometimes1 sir1     
seated in some lonely retreat1 beneath  
the shadowy shades of an umbrageous     
tree1 at whose venal foot flows some    
limping stagnant stream1 he gathers     
around him his wife and the rest of his 
orphan children4 ,he there takes a      
retrospective view upon the diagram of  
futurity1 and casts his eye like a      
flashing meteor forward into the past4  
,seated in their midst1 aggravated and  
exhaled by the dignity and independence 
coincident with honorable poverty1 his  
countenance irrigated with an intense   

glow of self-deficiency and             
excommunicated knowledge1 he quietly    
turns to instruct his little assemblage4
 ,he there endeavors to distil into     
their young youthful minds useless      
lessons1 to guard their juvenile youths 
against vice and immortality4 ,there1 on
 a clear sunny evening1 when the silvery
 moon is shining forth in all her       
indulgence and ubiquity1 he teaches them
 the first sediments of gastronomy1 by  
pointing out to them the bear1 the lion1
 and many other fixed invisible         
consternations1 which are continually   
involving upon their axletrees1 through 
the blue cerulean fundamus above4 ,from 
this vast ethereal he dives with them to
 the very bottom of the unfathomable    
oceans1 bringing up from thence liquid  
treasures of earth and air4 ,he then    
courses with them on the imaginable wing
 of fancy through the boundless regions 
of unimaginable either1 until1 swelling 
into impalpable immensity1 he is forever
 lost in the infinite radiation of his  

own overwhelming genius4                
,anonymous4                             
,,cccli4                                
,,bullum vs4 ,,boatum4  ,what a profound
 study is the law6 ,how shall ,i define 
it8 ,law is--law4 ,law is--law2 and so  
forth1 and hereby and aforesaid1        
provided always1 nevertheless1          
notwithstanding4 ,law is like a country 
dance2 people are led up and down in it 
till they are tired4 ,it is like physic2
 they that take the least of it are best
 off4 ,law is like a homely gentlewoman2
 very well to follow4 ,law is like a    
scolding wife2 very bad when it follows 
us4 ,law is like a new fashion2 people  
are bewitched to get into it2 it is also
 like bad weather2 most people are glad 
when they get out of it4 ,we will now   
mention1 in illustration1 a case that   
came before us1--the case of ,bullum vs4
 ,boatum4 ,it was as follows3--  ,there 
were two farmers--farmer ,a4 and farmer 
,b4 ,farmer ,a was seized or possessed  
of a bull2 farmer ,b4 was seized or     

possessed of a ferry-boat4 ,now1 the    
owner of the ferry-boat1 having made his
 boat fast to a post on shore1 with a   
piece of hay twisted rope-fashion1 or1  
as we say1 vulgo vocato1 a              
hay-band1--after he had made his boat   
fast to the aforesaid post 7as it was   
very natural for a hungry man to do7    
went up to town to dinner4 ,farmer ,a4's
 bull 7as it was natural for a hungry   
bull to do7 came down town to look for a
 dinner2 and1 observing1 discovering1   
seeing1 and spying out some turnips in  
the bottom of the ferryboat1 ate up the 
turnips1 and1 to make an end of his     
meal1 fell to work upon the hay-band4   
,the boat1 being eaten from its         
moorings1 floated down the river with   
the bull in it2 it struck against a     
rock1 beat a hole in the bottom of the  
boat1 and tossed the bull overboard2    
whereupon the owner of the bull brought 
his action against the boat for running 
away with the bull4 ,the owner of the   
boat brought his action against the bull

 for running away with the boat4 ,and   
thus notice of trial was given1 ,bullum 
vs4 ,boatum1 ,boatum vs4 ,bullum4  ,the 
counsel for the bull begun with         
saying3--,my lord1 and you1 gentlemen of
 the jury1 we are counsel in this cause 
for the bull4 ,we are indicted for      
running away with the boat4 ,now1 my    
lord1 we have heard of running horses1  
but never of running bulls before4 ,now1
 my lord1 the bull could no more run    
away with the boat than a man in a coach
 may be said to run away with the       
horses2 therefore1 my lord1 how can we  
punish what is not punishable8 ,how can 
we eat what is not eatable8 ,or1 how can
 we drink what is not drinkable8 ,or1 as
 the law says1 how can we think what is 
not thinkable8 ,therefore1 my lord1 as  
we are counsel in this cause for the    
bull1 if the jury should bring the bull 
in guilty1 the jury would be guilty of a
 bull4  ,the counsel for the boat       
observed1 that the bull should be       
non-suited1 because1 in his declaration1

 he had not specified what color he was 
of2 for thus wisely1 and thus learnedly1
 spoke the counsel3--,my lord1 if the   
bull was of no color1 he must be of some
 color2 and1 if he was not of any color1
 what color could the bull be of8 ,i    
overruled this motion myself1 by        
observing the bull was a white bull1 and
 that white is no color2 besides1 as ,i 
told my brethren1 they should not       
trouble their heads to talk of color t  
in law1 for the law can color anything4 
,this cause being afterwards left to a  
reference1 upon the award1 both bull and
 boat were acquitted1 it being proved   
that the tide of the river carried them 
both away2 upon which ,i gave it as my  
opinion1 that1 as1 the tide of the river
 carried both bull and boat away1 both  
bull and boat had good action against   
the water-bailiff4  ,my opinion being   
taken1 an action was issued1 and1 upon  
the traverse1 this point of law arose3  
,how1 wherefore1 and whether1 why1 when1
 and what1 whatsoever1 whereas1 and     

whereby1 as the boat was not a compos   
mentis evidence1 how could an oath be   
administered8 ,that point was soon      
settled by ,boatum's attorney declaring 
that1 for his client1 he would swear    
anything4  ,the water-bailiff's charter 
was then read1 taken out of the original
 record in true law ,latin2 which set   
forth in their declaration1 that they   
were carried away either by the tide of 
flood or the tide of ebb4 ,the character
 of the water-bailiff was as follows3   
,aqu bailiffi est magistratus in choici1
 sapor omnibus fishibus qui habuerunt   
finos et scalos1 claws1 shells1 et      
talos1 qui swimmare in freshibus1 vel   
saltibus riveris1 lakos1 pondis1        
canalibus et well-boats1 sive oysteri1  
prawni1 whitini1 shrimpi1 turbutus      
solus2 that is1 not turbots alone1 but  
turbots and soles both together4 ,but   
now comes the nicety of the law2 for the
 law is as nice as a new-laid egg4      
,bullum and ,boatum mentioned both ebb  
and flood1 to avoid quibbling2 but1 it  

being proved that they were carried away
 neither by the tide of flood nor by the
 tide of ebb1 but exactly upon the top  
of high water1 they were nonsuited2 but1
 such was the lenity of the court1 that1
 upon their paying all costs they were  
allowed to begin again de novo4         
,g4 ,a ,stevens4                        
,,ccclii4                               
,,pleading ,,extraordinary4  ,may it    
please the ,court--,gentlemen of the    
,jury--,you sit in that box as the great
 reservoir of ,roman liberty1 ,spartan  
fame1 and ,grecian polytheism4 ,you are 
to swing the great flail of justice and 
electricity over this immense community1
 in hydraulic majesty1 and conjugal     
superfluity4 ,you are the great         
triumphal arch on which evaporates the  
even scales of justice and numerical    
computation4 ,you are to ascend the deep
 arcana of nature1 and dispose of my    
client with equiponderating             
concatenation1 in reference to his      
future velocity and reverberating       

momentum4 ,such is your sedative and    
stimulating character4 ,my client is    
only a man of domestic eccentricity and 
matrimonial configuration1 not          
permitted1 as you are1 gentlemen1 to    
walk in the primeval and lowest vales of
 society1 but he has to endure the      
red-hot sun of the universe1 on the     
heights of nobility and feudal eminence4
 ,he has a beautiful wife of            
horticultural propensities1 that        
hen-pecks the remainder of his days with
 soothing and bewitching verbosity that 
makes the nectar of his pandemonium as  
cool as ,tartarus4  ,he has a family of 
domestic children1 that gathers around  
the fireplace of his peaceful homicide  
in tumultudinous consanguinity1 and cry 
with screaming and rebounding           
pertinacity for bread1 butter1 and      
molasses4 ,such is the glowing and      
overwhelming character and defeasance of
 my client1 who stands convicted before 
this court of oyer and terminer1 and lex
 non scripta1 by the persecuting        

pettifogger of this court1 who is as    
much exterior to me as ,i am interior to
 the judge1 and you1 gentlemen of the   
jury4  ,this ,borax of the law here has 
brought witnesses into this court1 who  
swear that my client has stolen a firkin
 of butter4 ,now1 ,i say1 every one of  
them swore to a lie1 and the truth is   
concentrated within them4 ,but if it is 
so1 ,i justify the act on the ground    
that the butter was necessary for a     
public good1 to tune his family into    
harmonious discord4 ,but ,i take no     
other mountainous and absquatulated     
grounds on this trial1 and move that a  
quash be laid upon this indictment4     
,now ,i will prove this by a learned    
expectoration of the principle of the   
law4 ,now butter is made of grass1 and1 
it is laid down by ,st4 ,peter ,pindar1 
in his principle of subterraneous law1  
that grass is couchant and levant1 which
 in our obicular tongue1 means that     
grass is of a mild and free nature2     
consequently1 my client had a right to  

grass and butter both4  ,to prove my    
second great principle1 let facts be    
submitted to a candid world4 ,now butter
 is grease1 and ,greece is a foreign    
country1 situated in the emaciated      
regions of ,liberia and ,california2    
consequently my client cannot be tried  
in this horizon1 and is out of the      
benediction of this court4 ,i will now  
bring forward the ultimatum             
respondentia1 and cap the great climax  
of logic1 by quoting an inconceivable   
principle of law1 as laid down in       
,latin1 by ,pothier1 ,hudibras1         
,blackstone1 ,hannibal1 and ,sangrado4  
,it is thus3 ,hc hoc morus multicaulis1 
a mensa et thoro1 ruta baga centum4     
,which means2 in ,english1 that         
ninety-nine men are guilty1 where one is
 innocent4  ,now1 it is your duty to    
convict ninety-nine men first2 then you 
come to my client1 who is innocent and  
acquitted according to law4 ,if these   
great principles shall be duly          
depreciated in this court1 then the     

great ,north pole of liberty1 that has  
stood so many years in pneumatic        
tallness1 shading there publican regions
 of commerce and agriculture1 will stand
 the wreck of the ,spanish ,inquisition1
 the pirates of the hyperborean seas1   
and the marauders of the ,aurora        
,blivar6 ,but1 gentlemen of the jury1 if
 you convict my client1 his children    
will be doomed to pine away in a state  
of hopeless matrimony2 and his beautiful
 wife i will stand lone and delighted   
like a dried up mullen-stalk in a       
sheep-pasture4                          
,anonymous4                             
,,cccliii4                              
,,fuss ,,at ,,fires4  ,it having been   
announced to me1 my young friends1 that 
you were about forming a fire-company1  
,i have called you together to give you 
such directions as long experience in a 
first-quality engine company qualifies  
me to communicate4 ,the moment you hear 
an alarm of fire1 scream like a pair of 
panthers4 ,run any way1 except the right

 way1--for the furthest way round is the
 nearest way to the fire4 ,if you happen
 to run on the top of a wood-pile1 so   
much the better2 you can then get a good
 view of the neighborhood4 ,if a light  
breaks on your view1 break for it       
immediately2 but be sure you don't jump 
into a bow window4 ,keep yelling1 all   
the time2 and1 if you can't make night  
hideous enough yourself1 kick all the   
dogs you come across1 and set them      
yelling1 too2 't will help amazingly4 ,a
 brace of cats dragged up stairs by the 
tail would be a powerful auxiliary4     
,when you reach the scene of the fire1  
do all you can to convert it into a     
scene of destruction4 ,tear down all the
 fences in the vicinity4 ,if it be a    
chimney on fire1 throw salt down it2 or 
if you can't do that1 perhaps the best  
plan would be to jerk off the           
pump-handle and pound it down4 ,don't   
forget to yell1 all the while1 as it    
will have a prodigious effect in        
frightening off the fire4 ,the louder   

the better1 of course2 and the more     
ladies in the vicinity1 the greater     
necessity for doing it brown4 ,should   
the roof begin to smoke1 get to work in 
good earnest1 and make any man smoke    
that interrupts you4 ,if it is summer1  
and there are fruit-trees in the lot1   
cut them down1 to prevent the fire from 
roasting the apples4 ,don't forget to   
yell6 ,should the stable be threatened1 
carry out the cow-chains4 ,never mind   
the horse1--he'll be alive and kicking2 
and if his legs don't do their duty1 let
 them pay for the roast4 ,ditto as to   
the hogs1--let them save their own      
bacon1 or smoke for it4 ,when the roof  
begins to burn1 get a crow-bar and pry  
away the stone steps2 or1 if the steps  
be of wood1 procure an axe and chop them
 up4 ,next1 cut away the wash-boards in 
the basement story2 and if that don't   
stop the flames1 let the chair-boards on
 the first floor share a similar fate4  
,should the devouring element still     
pursue the even tenor of its way1 you   

had better ascend to the second story4  
,pitch out the pitchers1 and tumble out 
the tumblers4 ,yell all the time6  ,if  
you find a baby a-bed1 fling it into the
 second story window of the house across
 the way2 but let the kitten carefully  
down in a work-basket4 ,then draw out   
the bureau drawers1 and empty their     
contents out of the back window2 telling
 somebody below to upset the slop-barrel
 and rain-water hogshead at the same    
time4 ,of course1 you will attend to the
 mirror4 ,the further it can be thrown1 
the more pieces will be made4 ,if       
anybody objects1 smash it over his head4
 ,do not1 under any circumstances1 drop 
the tongs down from the second story2   
the fall might break its legs1 and      
render the poor thing a cripple for     
life4 ,set it straddle of your shoulder1
 and carry it down carefully4 ,pile the 
bedclothes carefully on the floor1 and  
throw the crockery out of the window4   
,by the time you will have attended to  
all these things1 the fire will         

certainly be arrested1 or the building  
be burnt down4 ,in either case1 your    
services will be no longer needed2 and1 
of course1 you require no further       
directions4                             
,anonymous4                             
,,cccliv4                          ,,mr4
 ,,pepperage',s ,,peroration4  ,the     
,union6 ,inspiring theme6 ,how shall ,i 
find words to describe its momentous    
magnificence and its beatific lustre8   
,the ,union6--it is the ark of our      
safety6--the palladium of our           
liberties6--the safeguard of our        
happiness6--and the gis of our virtues6 
,in the ,union we live and move and go  
ahead ,it watches over us at our        
birth--it fans us in our cradles--it    
accompanies us to the district          
school--it gives us our victuals in due 
season--it selects our wives for us from
 ,america's fair daughters1 and it does 
a great many other things2 to say       
nothing of putting us to sleep          
sometimes1 and keeping the flies from   

our innocent repose4  ,while the ,union 
lasts1 we have the most remarkable      
prospect of plenty of fodder1 with      
occasional drinks4 ,by its beneficent   
energies1 however1 should the present   
supply give out1 we shall rise superior 
to the calculations of an ordinary and  
narrow prudence1 and take in ,cuba1     
,hayti1 and ,mexico1 and such parts of  
all contiguous islands as may offer     
prospects for an advantageous           
investment4  ,palsied be the arm1 then1 
and blistered the tongue1 and humped the
 back1 and broken the legs1 and         
eviscerated the stomach1 of every person
 who dares to think1 or even dream of   
harming it6 ,may the heaviest curses of 
time fall upon his scoundrelly soul6    
,may his juleps curdle in his mouth4    
,may he smoke none but ,new ,orleans    
tobacco6 ,may his family be perpetually 
ascending the ,mississippi in a         
steamboat6 ,may his own grandmother     
disown him6 ,and may the suffrages of   
his fellow-citizens pursue him like     

avenging furies1 till he is driven      
howling into ,congress4 ,for oh6 my     
dear1 dear friends--my beloved          
fellow-citizens1 who can foretell the   
agonies1 or the sorrows1 or the blights1
 and the anguish1 and the despair1 and  
the black eyes1 and the bloody noses1   
that would follows upon the dispersion  
of our too happy1 happy family4  ,the   
accursed myrmidons of despotism1 with   
gnashing teeth and blood-stained eyes1  
would rush at large over the planet4    
,they would lap the crimson gore of the 
most respectable and wealthy citizens4  
,the sobs of females1 and the screams of
 children1 would mingle with the bark of
 dogs and the crash of falling columns4 
,a universal and horrid night would     
mantle the skies1 and one by one1 the   
strong pillars of the universe go       
crumbling into ruin1 amid the gleam of  
bowie-knives and the lurid glare of     
exploding steamboats4                   
,anonymous4                             
,,ccclv4                                

,,fourth ,,of ,,july ,,oration4         
,feller-,citizens1--,i've bin honored   
with a invite to norate before you      
to-day2 and when ,i say that ,i scarcely
 feel ekal to the task1 ,i'm sure you   
will believe me4 ,i'm a plane man4 ,i   
don't know nothing about no ded         
langwidges and am a little shaky on     
livin ones4 ,there #d1 expect no flowry 
talk from me4 ,what ,i shall say will be
 to the pint1 right strate out4 ,i am   
not a politician and my other habits air
 good4 ,i've no enemys to reward1 nor   
friends to sponge4 ,but ,i'm a ,union   
man4 ,i luv the ,union--it is a ,big    
thing and it makes my hart bleed to see 
a lot of ornery people a-movin          
heaven--no1 not heaven1 but the other   
place--and earth1 to bust it up4        
,feller-citizens--,i haint got time to  
notis the growth of ,ameriky frum the   
time when the ,mayflowers cum over in   
the ,pilgrim and brawt ,plymouth ,rock  
with them1 but every skool boy nose our 
career has bin tremenjis4 ,you will     

excuse me if ,i don't prase the early   
settlers of the ,kolonies4 ,i spose they
 ment well1 and so1 in the novel and    
techin langwidge of the nusepapers1 peas
 to their ashis4 ,there was no diskount1
 however1 on them brave men who fit1    
bled and died in the ,american          
,revolushun4 ,we need n't be afraid of  
setting 'em up two steep4 ,like my show1
 they will stand any amount of prase4   
,g4 ,washington was abowt the best man  
this world ever sot eyes on1 ,he was a  
clear-headed1 warm-harted1 and stiddy   
goin man4 ,he never slept over6 ,the    
prevailin weakness of most public men is
 to slop over6 ,they git filled up and  
slop4 ,they ,rush ,things4 ,they travel 
too much on the high presser principle4 
,they git onto the fust poplar          
hobby-hoss which trots along1 not caring
 a cent whether the beest is even goin1 
clear sited and sound or spavined1 blind
 and bawky4 ,of course they git throwed 
eventooualy1 if not sooner4 ,when they  
see the multitood goin it blind they go 

pel mel with it1 instid of exerted      
theirselves to set it right4 ,they can't
 see that the crowd which is now bearin 
then triumfuntly on its shoulders will  
soon diskiver its error and cast them   
into the hoss pond of oblivyon1 without 
the slitest hesitashun4 ,washington     
never slopt over4 ,that was n't         
,george's stile4 ,he luved his country  
dearly4 ,he was n't after the spiles4   
,he was a human angel in a #c cornered  
hat and knee britches1 and we shant see 
his like right away4 ,my frends1 we cant
 all be ,washingtons1 but we kin all be 
patrits and behave ourselves in a human 
and a ,christian manner4 ,when we see a 
brother goin down hill to ,ruin let us  
not give him a push1 but let us seize   
rite hold of his coat-tails and draw him
 back to ,morality4  ,imagine ,g4       
,washington and ,p4 ,henry in the       
characters of seseshers6 ,as well fancy 
,john ,bunyan and ,dr4 ,watts in        
spangled tites1 doin the trapeze in a   
one-horse circus4  ,i tell you1         

feller-citizens1 it would have bin ten  
dollars in ,jeff ,davis's pocket if he'd
 never been born6                       
,c4 ,f4 ,brown4                         
,,book ,,third4                         
,,humorous ,,selections4                
,,poetry4                               
,,ccclvi4                               
,the ,,duel4                       ,in  
,brentford town1 of old renown1         
,there lived a ,mister ,bray            
,who fell in love with ,lucy ,bell1     
,and so did ,mister ,clay4              
,to see her ride from ,hammersmith1     
,by all it was allowed1                 
,such fair outside was never seen1--    
,an angel on a cloud4                   
,said ,mr4 ,bray to ,mr4 ,clay1         
,you choose to rival me1                
,and court ,miss ,bell2 but there your  
court                          ,no      
thoroughfare shall be4                  
,unless you now give up your suit1      
,you may repent your love2--            
,i who have shot a pigeon match1        

,can shoot a turtle dove4               
,so pray1 before you woo her more1      
,consider what you do3                  
,if you pop aught to ,lucy ,bell1--     
,i'll pop it into you4                  
,said ,mr4 ,clay to ,mr4 ,bray1         
,your threats ,i do explode2--          
,one who has been a volunteer           
,knows how to prime and load4           
,and so ,i say to you1 unless           
,your passion quiet keeps1              
,i1 who have shot and hit bulls' eyes1  
,may chance to hit a sheep's6           
,now gold is oft for silver changed1    
,and that for copper red2               
,but these two went away to give        
,each other change for lead4            
,but first they found a friend apiece1  
,this pleasant thought to give--        
,that when they both were dead1 they'd  
have                          ,two      
seconds yet to live4                    
,to measure out the ground1 not long    
,the seconds next forbore2              
,and having taken one rash step1        

,they took a dozen more4                
,they next prepared each pistol pan1    
,against the deadly strife2             
,by putting in the prime of death       
,against the prime of life4             
,now all was ready for the foes2        
,but when they took their stands1       
,fear made them tremble so1 they found  
,they both were shaking hands4          
,said ,mr4 ,c4 to ,mr4 ,b41             
,here one of us must fall1              
,and1 like ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral now1 
,be doomed to have a ball4              
,i do confess ,i did attach             
,misconduct to your name6               
,if ,i withdraw the charge1 will then   
,your ramrod do the same8               
,said ,mr4 ,b41 ,i do agree2--          
,but think of ,honor's courts1--        
,if we go off without a shot1           
,there will be strange reports4         
,but look6 the morning now is bright1   
,though cloudy it begun2                
,why can't we aim above as if           
,we had called out the sun8             

,so up into the harmless air            
,their bullets they did send2           
,and may all other duels have           
,that upshot in the end4                
,t4 ,hood4                              
,,ccclvii4                              
,,music ,,for ,,the ,,million4          
,amongst the great inventions of this   
age1                    ,which every    
other century surpasses1                
,is one1--just now the rage1--          
,called ,singing for all classes1       
,that now1 alas6 have no more ear than  
asses1                 ,to learn to     
warble like the birds in ,june--        
,in time and tune1                      
,correct as clocks1 and musical as      
glasses6                      ,whether  
this grand harmonic scheme              
,will ever get beyond a dream1          
,and tend to ,british happiness and     
glory                         ,may be   
no1 and may be yes1                     
,is more than ,i pretend to guess--     
,however here's my story4               

,in one of those small1 quiet streets1  
,where business retreats1               
,to shun the daily bustle and the noise 
,the shoppy ,strand enjoys1             
,but land1 joint-companies1 and         
life-insurance                          
,find past endurance--               ,in
 one of these back streets1 to peace so 
dear1                        ,the other 
day a ragged wight                      
,began to sing with all his might1      
,i have a silent sorrow here6           
,heard in that quiet place1             
,devoted to a still and studious race1  
,the noise was quite appalling6         
,to seek a fitting simile1 and spin it1 
,appropriate to his calling1            
,his voice had all ,lablache's body1 in 
it2                   ,but oh6 the      
scientific tone it lacked1              
,and was in fact                  ,only 
a forty-boatswain power of bawling6     
',t was said indeed for want of vocal   
nous               ,the stage had       
banished him when he 'tempted it1       

,for though his voice completely filled 
the house1                              
,it also emptied it4                    
,however1 there he stools               
,vociferous--a ragged don6              
,and with his iron pipes laid on--      
,a row to all the neighborhood4         
,in vain were sashes closed1            
,and doors against the persevering      
,stentor2               ,though brick   
and glass1 and solid oak opposed1       
,the intruding voice would enter1       
,heedless of ceremonial or decorum1     
,den1 office1 parlor1 study1 and        
sanctorum2               ,where clients 
and attorneys1 rogues and fools1        
,ladies1 and masters who attend the     
schools1                ,clerks1 agents 
all provided with their tools1          
,were sitting upon sofas1 chairs1 and   
stools1              ,with shelves1     
pianos1 tables1 desks1 before 'em--     
,how it did bore 'em6                   
,louder and louder still1               
,the fellow sang with horrible          

good-will1              ,curses1 both   
loud and deep1 his sole gratuities1     
,from scribes bewildered1 making many a 
flaw1                               ,in 
deeds of law                            
,they had to draw2                      
,with dreadful incongruities            
,in posting legers1 making up accounts1 
,to large amounts1                      
,or casting up annuities--              
,stunned by that voice so loud and      
hoarse1                      ,against   
whose overwhelming force                
,no invoice stood a chance1 of course6  
,from room to room1 from floor to floor1
                       ,from ,number    
,one to ,twenty-four1               ,the
 nuisance bellowed2 till all patience   
lost1                            ,down  
came ,miss ,frost1                      
,expostulating at her open door--       
,peace1 monster1 peace6                 
,where is the new police8               
,i vow ,i cannot work1 or read1 or pray1
                 ,do n't stand there    

bawling1 fellow1 don't6                 
,you really send my serious thoughts    
astray1                 ,do--there's a  
dear1 good man--do1 go away4            
,says he1 ,i won't6                 ,the
 spinster pulled her door to with a     
slam1                      ,that sounded
 like a wooden d--n2                    
,for so some moral people1 strictly loth
                       ,to swear in     
words1 however up1                      
,will crash a curse in setting down a   
cup1                ,or through a       
door-post vent a banging oath1--        
,in fad1 this sort of physical          
transgression                    ,is    
really no more difficult to trace1      
,than in a given face                   
,a very bad expression4                 
,however in she went                    
,leaving the subject of her discontent  
,to ,mr4 ,jones's clerk at ,number ,ten2
                          ,who throwing 
up the sash1                            
,with accents rash1                     

,thus hailed the most vociferous of men2
              ,come1 come1 ,i say1 old  
fellow1 stop your chant2                
,i cannot write a sentence--no one      
can't6                          ,so pack
 up your trumps1--                      
,and stir your stumps4                  
,says he ,i shan't6                     
,down went the sash1                    
,as if devoted to eternal smash4        
7,another illustration                  
,of acted imprecation17                 
,while close at hand1 uncomfortably     
near1                 ,the independent  
voice1 so loud and strong1              
,and clanging like a gong1              
,roared out again the everlasting song1 
,i have a silent sorrow here6           
,the thing was hard to stand6           
,the music-master could not stand it1   
,but rushing forth with fiddle-stick in 
hand1                           ,as     
savage as a bandit1                     
,made up directly to the tattered man1  
,and thus in broken sentences began3    

,com--com--,i say6                      
,you go away6                      ,into
 two parts my head you split--          
,my fiddle cannot hear himself a bit1   
,when ,i do play--                  ,you
 have no business in a place so still6  
,can you not come another day8          
,says he1 ,i will4                      
,no--no--you scream and bawl6           
,you must not come at all6              
,you have no right1 by rights1 to beg-  
,you have not one off leg--             
,you ought to work--you have not some   
complaint--                 ,you are not
 cripple in your back or bones--        
,your voice is strong enough to break   
some stones--                           
,says he1 ,it ain't4                    
,i say you ought to labor6              
,you are in a young case1               
,you have not sixty years upon your     
face1                       ,to come and
 beg your neighbor--                    
,and discompose his music with a noise  
,more worse than twenty boys--          

,look what a street it is for quiet6    
,no cart to make a riot1                
,no coach1 no horses1 no postillion3    
,if you will sing1 ,i say1 it is not    
just                              ,to   
sing so loud4                           
,says he1 ,i must6                      
,i'm singing for the million6           
,t4 ,hood4                              
,,ccclviii4                       ,,ode 
,t#j ,,my ,,boy1 ,,aged ,,three ,,years4
                            ,thou happy1
 happy elf6                7,but stop1  
first let me kiss away that tear17      
,thou tiny image of myself6             
7,my love1 he's poking peas into his    
ear67                        ,thou      
merry1 laughing sprite1                 
,with spirits feather light1            
,untouched by sorrow1 and unsoiled by   
sin--               7,good heavens6 the 
child is swallowing a pin67             
,thou little tricksy ,puck6             
,with antic toys so funnily bestruck1   
,light as the singing bird that wings   

the air--             7,the door6 the   
door6 he'll tumble down the stair67     
,thou darling of thy sire6              
7,why1 ,jane1 he'll set his pinafore    
a-fire67                         ,thou  
imp of mirth and joy6             ,in   
love's dear chain1 so strong and bright 
a link1                  ,thou idol of  
thy parents--7,drat the boy6            
,there goes my ink47                    
,thou cherub1 but of earth2             
,fit play-fellow for fays1 by moonlight 
pale1                        ,in        
harmless sport and mirth1               
7,that dog will bite him if he pulls his
 tail67                  ,thou human    
humming-bee1 extracting honey           
,from every blossom in the world that   
blows1                   ,singing in    
youth's ,elysium ever sunny1            
7,another tumble6--that's his precious  
nose67                        ,thy      
father's pride and hope6                
7,he'll break the mirror with that      
skipping rope67              ,with pure 

heart1 newly stampt from nature's mint1 
7,where did he learn that squint87      
,thou young domestic dove6              
7,he'll have that jug off with another  
shove67                     ,dear       
nursling of the hymeneal nest6          
7,are those torn clothes his best87     
,little epitome of man6                 
7,he'll climb upon the table1 that's his
 plan67             ,touched with the   
beauteous tints of dawning life--       
7,he's got a knife67                    
,thou enviable being6              ,no  
storms1 no clouds in thy blue sky       
foreseeing1                             
,play on1 play on1                      
,my elfin ,john6                  ,toss 
the light ball--bestride the stick--    
7,i knew so many cakes would make him   
sick67                   ,with fancies  
buoyant as the thistle-down1            
,prompting the face grotesque1 and antic
 brisk1                        ,with    
many a lamb-like frisk1                 
7,he's got the scissors1 snipping at    

your gown67                             
,thou pretty opening rose6              
7,go to your mother1 child1 and wipe    
your nose67                  ,balmy and 
breathing music like the south1         
7,he really brings my heart into my     
mouth67               ,fresh as the     
morn1 and brilliant as the star1--      
7,i wish that window had an iron bar67  
,bold as the hawk1 yet gentle as the    
dove1--                        7,i'll   
tell you what1 my love1                 
,i cannot write unless he's sent above47
                                        
,t4 ,hood4                              
,,ccclix4                         ,,the 
,,height ,,of ,,the ,,ridiculous4       
,i wrote some lines1 once on a time     
,in wondering merry mood1               
,and thought1 as usual1 men would say   
,they were exceeding good4              
,they were so queer1 so very queer1     
,i laughed as ,i would die2             
,albeit in the general way1             
,a sober man am ,i4                     

,i called my servant1 and he came2      
,how kind it was of him1                
,to mind a slender man like me1         
,he of the mighty limb6                 
,these to the printer1 ,i exclaimed1    
,and1 in my humorous way1               
,i added 7as a trifling jest71          
,there'll be the devil to pay4          
,he took the paper1 and ,i watched1     
,and saw him peep within2               
,at the first line he read1 his face    
,was all upon a grin4                   
,he read the next2 the grin grew broad4 
,and shot from ear to ear2              
,he read the third2 a chuckling noise   
,i now began to hear4                   
,the fourth2 he broke into a roar2      
,the fifth2 his waistband split2        
,the sixth2 he burst five buttons off1  
,and tumbled in a fit4                  
,ten days and nights1 with sleepless    
eye1                        ,i watched  
that wretched man2                      
,and since1 ,i never dare to write      
,as funny as ,i can4                    

,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,ccclx4                                
,,the ,,september ,,gale4               
,i'm not a chicken2 ,i have seen        
,full many a chill ,september1          
,and though ,i was a youngster then1    
,that gale ,i well remember2            
,the day before my kite-string snapped1 
,and ,i1 my kite pursuing1              
,the wind whisked off my palm-leaf      
hat2--                       ,for me two
 storms were brewing6                   
,it came as quarrels sometimes do1      
,when married pairs get clashing2       
,there was a heavy sigh or two1         
,before the fire was flashing1--        
,a little stir among the clouds1        
,before they rent asunder1--            
,a little rocking of the trees1         
,and then came on the thunder4          
,oh6 how the ponds and rivers boiled1   
,and how the shingles rattled6          
,and oaks were scattered on the ground1 
,as if the ,titans battled2             
,and all above was in a howl1           

,and all below a clatter1--             
,the earth was like a frying-pan1       
,or some such hissing matter4           
,it chanced to be our washing-day1      
,and all our things were drying2        
,the storm came roaring through the     
lines1                         ,and set 
them all a flying2                      
,i saw the shirts and petticoats        
,go riding off like witches2            
,i lost1 ah6 bitterly ,i wept1--        
,i lost my ,sunday breeches6            
,i saw them straddling through the air1 
,alas6 too late to win them2            
,i saw them chase the clouds as if      
,a demon had been in them2              
,they were my darlings and my pride1--  
,my boyhood's only riches1--            
,farewell1 farewell1 ,i faintly cried1--
                        ,my breeches6 ,o
 my breeches6                      ,that
 night ,i saw them in my dreams1        
,how changed from what ,i knew them6    
,the dews had steeped their faded       
thread1                    ,the winds   

had whistled through them2              
,i saw the wide and ghastly rents1      
,where demon claws had torn them2       
,a hole was in their amplest part1      
,as if an imp had worn them4            
,i have had many happy years1           
,and tailors kind and clever1           
,but those young pantaloons have gone   
,forever and forever6                   
,and not till fate has cut the last     
,of all my earthly stitches1            
,this aching heart shall cease to mourn 
,my loved1 my long-lost breeches6       
,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4                        
,,ccclvi4                               
,,love ,,and ,,murder4                  
,in ,manchester a maiden dwelt1         
,her name was ,phbe ,blown2             
,her cheeks were red1 her hair was      
black1                ,and1 she was     
considered by good judges to be         
by all odds the best looking girl in    
town4                         ,her age  
was nearly seventeen1                   
,her eyes were sparkling bright2        

,a very lovely girl she was1            
,and for about a year and a half there  
had been a young man         paying his 
attention to her1 by the name of ,reuben
 ,wright4                        ,now   
,reuben was a nice young man            
,as any in the town1                    
,and ,phbe loved him very dear1         
,but1 on account of his being obliged to
 work for a living1      he never could 
make himself agreeable to old ,mr4 and  
,mrs4 ,brown4                           
,her parents were resolved              
,another she should wed1                
,a rich old miser in the place1         
,and old ,brown frequently declared1    
that rather than have his      daughter 
marry ,reuben ,wright1 he'd sooner knock
 him in the head4                       
,but ,phbe's heart was brave and strong1
                     ,she feared not her
 parents' frowns2                       
,and as for ,reuben ,wright so bold1    
,i've heard him say more than fifty     
times that 7with the exception of ,phbe7

            he did n't care a cent for  
the whole race of ,browns4              
,so ,phbe ,brown and ,reuben ,wright    
,determined they would marry2           
,three weeks ago last ,tuesday night1   
,they started for old ,parson           
,webster's1 determined to be united in  
the holy bonds of matrimony1 though it  
was tremendous dark1 and rained like the
 old                                    
,harry4                       ,but      
,captain ,brown was wide awake1         
,he loaded up his gun1                  
,and then pursued the loving pair2  ,he 
overtook 'em when they'd got about half 
way to the ,parson's1 and then          
,reuben and ,phbe started off upon the  
run4                       ,old ,brown  
then took a deadly aim                  
,toward young ,reuben's head1           
,but1 oh6 it was a bleeding shame1   ,he
 made a mistake1 and shot his only      
daughter1 and had the unspeakable       
anguish of seeing her drop right down   
stone dead4                   ,then     

anguish filled young ,reuben's heart1   
,and vengeance crazed his brain1        
,he drew an awful jack-knife out1 ,and  
plunged it into old ,brown about fifty  
or sixty times1 so that it's very       
doubtful about his ever coming to again4
                      ,the briny drops  
from ,reuben's eyes                     
,in torrents pourd down1--  ,and in this
 melancholy and heart-rending manner    
terminates the history of               
,reuben and ,phbe and likewise old      
,captain ,brown4                        
,anonymous4                             
,,ccclxii4                              
,,the ,,removal4                ,a      
nervous old gentleman1 tired of trade1--
               ,by which1 though1 it    
seems1 he a fortune had made1--         
,took a house 'twixt two sheds1 at the  
skirts of the town1               ,which
 he meant1 at his leisure1 to buy and   
pull down4                ,this thought 
struck his mind when he viewed the      
estate2               ,but1 alas6 when  

he entered he found it too late2        
,for in each dwelt a smith2--a more     
hard-working two               ,never   
doctored a patient1 or put on a shoe4   
,at six in the morning1 their anvils1 at
 work1               ,awoke our good    
squire1 who raged like a ,turk4         
,these fellows1 he cried1 such a        
clattering keep1               ,that ,i 
never can get above eight hours of      
sleep4                ,from morning till
 night they keep thumping away1--       
,no sound but the anvil the whole of the
 day2               ,his afternoon's nap
 and his daughter's new song1           
,were banished and spoiled by their     
hammer's ding-dong4                ,he  
offered each ,vulcan to purchase his    
shop2               ,but1 no6 they were 
stubborn1 determined to stop2           
,at length1 7both his spirits and health
 to improved17               ,he cried1 
,i'll give each fifty guineas to move4  
,agreed6 said the pair2 that will make  
us amends4               ,then come to  

my house1 and let us part friends2      
,you shall dine2 and we'll drink on this
 joyful occasion1               ,that   
each may live long in his new           
habitation4                ,he gave the 
two blacksmiths a sumptuous regale2     
,he spared not provisions1 his wine1 nor
 his ale2               ,so much was he 
pleased with the thought that each guest
               ,would take from him     
noise1 and restore him to rest4         
,and now4 said he1 tell me1 where mean  
you to move8               ,i hope to   
some spot where your trade will improve4
               ,why1 sir1 replied one   
with a grin on his phiz1                
,tom ,forge moves to my shop1 and ,i    
move to his6                            
,anonymous4                             
,,ccclxiii4                             
,,nongtongpaw4                     ,john
 ,bull for pastime took a prance1       
,some time ago1 to peep at ,france2     
,to talk of sciences and arts1          
,and knowledge gained in foreign parts4 

,monsieur1 obsequious1 heard him speak1 
,and answered ,john in heathen ,greek3  
,to all he asked1 'bout all he saw1     
',t was ,monsieur1 je vous n'entends    
pas4                     ,john1 to the  
,palais-,royal came1                    
,its splendor almost struck him dumb4   
,i say1 whose house is that there here8 
,house6 ,je vous n'entends pas1         
,monsieur4--                    ,what1  
,nongtongpaw again6 cries ,john2        
,this fellow is some mighty ,don3       
,no doubt he 's plenty for the maw1     
,i'll breakfast with this ,nongtongpaw4 
,john saw ,versailles from ,marl's      
height1                    ,and cried1  
astonished at the sight1                
,whose fine estate is that there here8  
,state6 ,je vous n'entends pas1         
,monsieur4                    ,his8     
,what the land and houses too8          
,the fellow's richer than a ,jew3       
,on everything he lays his claw6        
,i should like to dine with             
,nongtongpaw4                     ,next 

tripping came a courtly fair1           
,john cried1 enchanted with her air1    
,what lovely wench is that there here8  
,ventch6 ,je vous n'entends pas1        
,monsieur4                    ,what1 he 
again8 ,upon my life6                   
,a palace1 lands1 and then a wife       
,sir ,joshua might delight to draw3     
,i should like to sup with ,nongtongpaw4
                     ,but hold6 whose   
funeral's that8 cries ,john4            
,je vous n'entends paw4--what is he     
gone8                    ,wealth fame1  
and beauty could not save               
,poor ,nongtongpaw then from the grave6 
,his race is run1 his game is up1--     
,i'd with him breakfast1 dine and sup2  
,but since he chooses to withdraw1      
,good-night t' ye1 ,mounseer            
,nongtongpaw4                           
,c4 ,dibdin4                            
,,ccclxiv4                       ,,the  
,,swells ,,soliloquy ,,on ,,the ,,war4  
,i don't approve this hawid waw2        
,those dweadful bannahs hawt my eyes2   

,and guns and drums are such a baw--    
,why don't the pawties compwamise8      
,of cawce1 the twoilet has its chawms2  
,but why must all the vulgah crowd      
,pawsist in spawting uniforms           
,in cullaws so extremely loud8          
,and then the ladies--precious deahs6-- 
,i mawk the change on ev'wy bwow2       
,bai ,jove6 ,i really have my feahs     
,they wathah like the howid wow6        
,to hear the chawming cweatures talk1   
,like patwons of the bloody wing1       
,of waw and all its dawty wark8--       
,it does n't seem a pwappah thing6      
,i called at ,mrs4 ,gween's last night1 
,to see her niece1 ,miss ,mary ,hertz1  
,and found her making--cwushing sight6--
                    ,the weddest kind of
 flannel shirts6                    ,of 
cawce ,i wose and saught the daw1       
,with fewy flashing from my eyes6       
,i can't approve this hawid waw2--      
,why don't the parties compromise8      
,vanity ,fair4                          
,,ccclxv4                               

,,the ,,alarmed ,,skipper4              
,many a long1 long year ago1            
,nantucket skippers had a plan          
,of finding out1 though lying low1      
,how near ,new ,york their schooners    
ran4                     ,they greased  
the lead before it fell1                
,and then1 by sounding through the      
night1                    ,knowing the  
soil that stuck1 so well1               
,they always guessed their reckoning    
right4                     ,a skipper   
gray1 whose eye's were dim1             
,could tell by tasting1 just the spot1  
,and so below1 he'd dowse the glim1--   
,after1 of course1 his something hot4   
,snug in his berth1 at eight o'clock1   
,this ancient skipper might be found2   
,no matter how his craft would rock1    
,he slept1--for skippers' naps are      
sound6                     ,the watch on
 deck would now and then                
,run down and wake him1 with the lead2  
,he'd up and taste1 and tell the men    
,how many miles they went ahead4        

,one night1 't was ,jotham ,marden's    
watch1                    ,a curious    
wag1--the pedler's son2                 
,and so he mused 7the wanton wretch71   
,to-night ,i'll have a grain of fun4    
,we're all a set of stupid fools1       
,to think the skipper knows by tasting1 
,what ground he's on2 ,nantucket schools
                    ,don't teach such   
stuff2 with all their basting6          
,and so he took the well-greased lead1  
,and rubbed it o'er a box of earth      
,that stood on deck--7a parsnip bed71-- 
,and then he sought the skipper's berth4
                     ,where are we now1 
sir1 please to taste4                   
,the skipper yawned1 put out his tongue1
                    ,then oped his eyes 
in wondrous haste1                      
,and then upon the floor he sprung6     
,the skipper stormed1 and tore his hair1
                    ,thrust on his      
boots1 and roared to ,marden1--         
,nantucket 's sunk1 and here we are     
,right over old ,marm ,hackett's garden6

                                        
,j4 ,t4 ,fields4                        
,,ccclxvi4                              
,,the ,,cold-,,water ,,man4             
,it was an honest fisherman1            
,i knew him passing well2               
,and he lived by a little pond1         
,within a little dell4                  
,a grave and quiet man was he1          
,who loved his hook and rod2            
,so even ran his line of life           
,his neighbors thought it odd4          
,for science and for books1 he said     
,he never had a wish2                   
,no school to him was worth a fig1      
,except a school of fish4               
,in short1 this honest fisherman1       
,all other tools forsook2               
,and though no vagrant man was he1      
,he lived by hook and crook4            
,he ne'er aspired to rank or wealth1    
,nor cared about a name2                
,for though much famed for fish was he1 
,he never fished for fame6              
,to charm the fish he never spoke1      

,although his voice was fine2           
,he found the most convenient way       
,was just to drop a line6               
,and many a gudgeon of the pond1        
,if they could speak to-day1            
,would own1 with grief1 the angler had  
,a mighty taking way6                   
,one day1 while fishing on a log1       
,he mourned his want of luck1--         
,when suddenly1 he felt a bite1         
,and jerking--caught a duck6            
,alas6 that day this fisherman          
,had taken too much grog2               
,and being but a landsman1 too1         
,he could n't keep the log6             
',t was all in vain with might and main 
,he strove to reach the shore2          
,down1 down he went1 to feed the fish   
,he'd baited oft before6                
,the jury gave their verdict1 that      
',t was nothing else but gin1           
,that caused the fisherman to be        
,so sadly taken in2                     
,though one stood out upon a whim1      
,and said the angler's slaughter1       

,to be exact about the fact1            
,was clearly gin-and-water4             
,the moral of this mournful tale1       
,to all is plain and clear1--           
,that drinking habits bring a man       
,too often to his bier2                 
,and he who scorns to take the pledge1  
,and keep the promise fast1             
,may be1 in spite of fate1 a stiff      
,cold-water man1 at last6               
,j4 ,g4 ,saxe4                          
,,ccclxvii4                             
,,whittling4                     ,the   
,yankee boy1 before he's sent to school1
                    ,well knows the     
mysteries of that magic tool1           
,the pocket-knife4 ,to that his wistful 
eye                    ,turns1 while he 
hears his mother's lullaby2             
,his hoarded cents he gladly gives to   
get it1                    ,then leaves 
no stone unturned till he can whet it2  
,and1 in the education of the lad1      
,no little part that implement hath     
had1--                    ,his          

pocket-knife to the young whittler      
brings                    ,a growing    
knowledge of material things4           
,projectiles1 music1 and the sculptor's 
art1                    ,his chestnut   
whistle and his shingle dart1           
,his elder pop-gun with its hickory rod1
                    its sharp explosion 
and rebounding wad1                     
,his corn-stalk fiddle1 and the deeper  
tone                    ,that murmurs   
from his pumpkin-stalk trombone1        
,conspire to teach the boy4 ,to these   
succeed                    ,his bow1 his
 arrow of a feathered reed1             
,his windmill1 raised the passing breeze
 to win1                    ,his        
water-wheel1 that turns upon a pin2     
,or1 if his father lives upon the shore1
                    ,you'll see his     
ship1 beam ends upon the floor1         
,full rigged1 with raking masts1 and    
timbers stanch                    ,and  
waiting1 near the wash-tub1 for a       
launch4                     ,thus1 by   

his genius and his jack-knife driven1   
,ere long he'll solve you any problem   
given2                    ,make any     
jim-crack1 musical or mute1             
,a plough1 a couch1 an organ or a flute2
                    ,make you a         
locomotive or a clock1                  
,cut a canal1 or build a floating dock1 
,or lead forth ,beauty from a marble    
block2--                    ,make       
anything1 in short1 for sea or shore1   
,from a child's rattle1 to a            
seventy-four2--                    ,make
 it1 said ,i8--,ay1 when he undertakes  
it1                    ,he'll make the  
thing1 and the machine that makes it4   
,and when the thing is made1 whether it 
be                    ,to move on earth1
 in air1 or on the sea2                 
,whether on water1 o'er the waves to    
glide1                    ,or1 upon land
 to roll1 revolve1 or slide2            
,whether to whirl or jar1 to strike or  
ring1                    ,whether it be 
a piston or a spring1                   

,wheel1 pulley1 tube sonorous1 wood or  
brass1                    ,the thing    
designed shall surely come to pass2     
,for1 when his hand 's upon it1 you may 
know                    ,that there's go
 in it1 and he'll make it go4           
,j4 ,pierpont4                          
,,ccclxviii4                            
,,hotspur',s ,,account ,,of ,a ,,fop4   
,my liege1 ,i did deny no prisoners4    
,but1 ,i remember1 when the fight was   
done1                    ,when ,i was   
dry with rage and extreme toil1         
,breathless and faint1 leaning upon my  
sword1                    ,came there a 
certain lord1 neat1 trimly dressed1     
,fresh as a bridegroom2 and his chin1   
new reaped1                    ,showed  
like a stubble land at harvest-home4    
,he was perfumed like a milliner2       
,and4 'twixt his finger and his thumb1  
he held                    ,a           
pouncet-box1 which ever and anon1       
,he gave his nose1 and took 't away     
again2--                    ,and still  

he smiled and talked2                   
,and1 as the soldiers bore dead bodies  
by1                    ,he called       
them--untaught knaves1 unmannerly1      
,to bring a slovenly unhandsome corse   
,betwixt the wind and his nobility4     
,with many holiday and lady terms       
,he questioned me2 among the rest1      
demanded                    ,my         
prisoners1 in your majesty's behalf4    
,i then1 all smarting1 with my wounds   
being cold1                    ,to be so
 pestered with a popinjay1              
,out of my grief and my impatience1     
,answered neglectingly1 ,i know not     
what2                    ,he should1 or 
he should not2--for he made me mad4     
,to see him shine so brisk1 and smell so
 sweet1                    ,and talk so 
like a waiting-gentlewoman1             
,of guns1 and drums1 and wounds2 7,god  
save the mark67                    ,and 
telling me1 the sovereign'st thing on   
earth                    ,was parmaceti 
for an inward bruise2                   

,and that it was a great pity1 so it    
was1                    ,this villainous
 saltpetre should be digged             
,out of the bowels of the harmless      
earth1                    ,which many a 
good tall fellow had destroyed          
,so cowardly2 and1 but for these vile   
guns1                    ,he would      
himself have been a soldier4            
,this bald1 unjointed chat of his1 my   
lord1                    ,i answered    
indirectly1 as ,i said2                 
,and1 ,i beseech you1 let not this      
report                    ,come current 
for an accusation                       
,betwixt my love and your high majesty4 
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccclxix4                              
,,how ,,to ,,have ,,what ,,we ,,like4   
,hard by a poet's attic lived a chemist1
                       ,or alchemist1   
who had a mighty                        
,faith in the elixir vit2               
,and1 though unflattered by the dimmest 
,glimpse of success1 kept credulously   

groping                     ,and        
grubbing in his dark vocation2          
,stupidly hoping                     ,to
 onto the art of changing metals1       
,and so coin guineas1 from his pots and 
kettles1                        ,by     
mystery of transmutation4               
,our starving poet took occasion        
,to seek this conjurer's abode2         
,not with encomiastic ode1              
,of laudatory dedication1               
,but with an offer to impart1           
,for twenty pounds1 the secret art      
,which should procure1 without the pain 
,of metals1 chemistry1 and fire1        
,what he so long had sought in vain1    
,and gratify his heart's desire4        
,the money paid1 our bard was hurried   
,to the philosopher's sanctorum1        
,who1 as it were sublimed and flurried  
,out of his chemical decorum1           
,crowed1 capered1 giggled1 seemed to    
spurn his                               
,crucibles1 retort1 and furnace1        
,and cried1 as he secured the door1     

,and carefully put to the shutter1      
,now1 now1 the secret1 ,i implore6      
,for heaven's sake1 speak1 discover1    
utter6                      ,with grave 
and solemn air the poet                 
,cried3 ,list6 ,o1 list1 for thus ,i    
show it3                 ,let this plain
 truth those ingrates strike1           
,who still1 though blessed1 new         
blessings crave2                        
,,that ,,we ,,may ,,all ,,have ,,what   
,,we ,,like1                            
,,simply ,,by ,,liking ,,what ,,we      
,,have6                                 
,horace ,smith4                         
,,ccclxx4                               
,,the ,,three ,,black ,,crows4          
,two honest tradesmen meeting in the    
,strand1               ,one took the    
other briskly by the hand3              
,hark ye1 said he1 'tis an odd story    
this1               ,about the          
crows6--,i don't know what it is1       
,replied his friend4--,no8 ,i'm         
surprised at that2               ,where 

,i came from 't is the common chat2     
,but you shall hear3 an odd affair      
indeed6               ,and that it      
happened1 they are all agreed4          
,not to detain you from a thing so      
strange1               ,a gentleman1    
that lives not far from ',change1       
,this week1 in short1 as all the alley  
knows1               ,taking a puke1 has
 thrown up three black crows4           
,impossible6--,nay1 but it 's really    
true2               ,i had it from good 
hands1 and so may you4                  
,from whose1 ,i pray8 ,so having named  
the man1               ,straight to     
inquire his curious comrade ran4        
,sir1 did you tell8--relating the       
affair--               ,yes1 sir1 ,i    
did2 and if it's worth you care1        
,ask ,mr4 ,such-a-one2 he told it me2   
,but1 by-the-by1 't was two black crows1
 not three4               ,resolved to  
trace so wondrous an event1             
,whip to the third1 the virtuoso went4  
,sir1--and so forth--,why1 yes2 the     

thing is fact1               ,though in 
regard to number not exact2             
,it was not two black crows2 't was only
 one2               ,the truth of that  
you may depends upon1               ,the
 gentleman himself told me the case4    
,where may ,i find him8--,why1 in such a
 place4               ,away he goes1 and
 having found him out--                 
,sir1 be so good as to resolve a doubt4 
,then to his last informant he referred1
               ,and begged to know if   
true what he had heard4                 
,did you1 sir1 throw up a black         
crow8--,not ,i6--               ,bless  
me6 how people propagate a lie6         
,black crows have been thrown up1 three1
 two1 and one1               ,and here  
,i find at last all comes to none6      
,did you say nothing of a crow at all8  
,crow--crow--perhaps ,i might1 now ,i   
recall               ,the matter        
over4--,and pray1 sir1 what was 't8     
,why1 ,i was horrid sick1 and1 at the   
last1               ,i did throw up1 and

 told my neighbor so1                   
,something that was as black1 sir1 as a 
crow4                                   
,byrom4                                 
,,ccclxxi4                              
,,helps ,,to ,,read4                    
,a certain artist--,i've forgot his     
name--                    ,had got1 for 
making spectacles1 a fame1              
,or1 helps to read1 as1 when they first 
were sold1                    ,was writ 
upon his glaring sign in gold2          
,and1 for all uses to be had from glass1
                    ,his were allowed by
 readers to surpass4                    
,there came a man into his shop one     
day--                    ,are you the   
spectacle contriver1 pray8              
,yes ,sir1 said he1 ,i can in that      
affair                    ,contrive to  
please you1 if you want a pair4         
,can you8 pray do1 then4 ,so at first he
 chose                    ,to place a   
youngish pair upon his nose2            
,and1 book produced1 to see how they    

would fit1                    ,asked how
 he liked them4 ,like 'em6--not a bit4  
,then1 sir1 ,i fancy1 if you please to  
try                    ,these in my hand
 will better suit your eye8--           
,no1 but they don't4--,well come1 sir1  
if you please1                    ,here 
is another sort2 we'll e'en try these2  
,still somewhat more they magnify the   
letter1                    ,now1        
sir8--,why1 now1 ,i'm not a bit the     
better4--                    ,no6 here1 
take these which magnify still more1--  
,how do they fit8--,like all the rest   
before6                    ,in short1   
they tried a whole assortment through1  
,but all in vain1 for none of them would
 do4                    ,the operator1  
much surprised to find                  
,so odd a case1 thought1 sure the man is
 blind6                    ,what sort of
 eyes can you have got8 said he4        
,why very good ones1 friend1 as you may 
see4                    ,yes1 ,i        
perceive the clearness of the ball4     

,pray let me ask you ,can you read at   
all8                    ,no6 you great  
blockhead6--,if ,i could1 what need     
,of paying you for any 'helps to read8' 
,and so he left the maker in a heat1    
,resolved to post him for an arrant     
cheat4                                  
,byrom4                                 
,,book ,,fourth4                        
,,standard ,,selections                 
,,of                                    
,,dialogues4                            
,,book ,,fourth4                        
,,standard ,,dialogues4                 
,,ccclxxii4                             
,,prince ,,arthur ,,of ,,bretagne4      
,,prince                                
,,arthur--,,hubert--,,attendants4       
,,hub4 ,heat me these irons hot2 and    
look thou stand           ,within the   
arras2 when ,i strike my foot           
,upon the bosom of the ground rush      
forth1           ,and bind the boy which
 you shall find with me1           ,fast
 to the chair3 be heedful3 hence1 and   

watch4           #a ,att4 ,i hope your  
warrant will bear out the deed4         
,hub4 ,uncleanly scruples6 ,fear not    
you3 look to it4           ,exeunt      
,attendants4           ,young lad1 come 
forth2 ,i have to say with you4 ,enter  
,arth4           ,arth4 ,good morrow1   
,hubert4           ,hub4 ,good morrow1  
little prince4           ,arth4 ,as     
little prince 7having so great a title  
,to be more prince7 as may be4--,you are
 sad4           ,hub4 ,indeed1 ,i have  
been merrier4           ,arth4 ,mercy on
 me6           ,methinks nobody should  
be sad but ,i3           ,yet1 ,i       
remember1 when ,i was in ,france1       
,young gentlemen would be as sad as     
night1           ,only for wantonness4  
,by my ,christendom1           ,so ,i   
were out of prison1 and kept sheep1     
,i should be merry as the day is long2  
,and so ,i would be here1 but that ,i   
doubt           ,my uncle practices more
 harm to me4           ,he is afraid of 
me1 and ,i of him4           ,is it my  

fault that ,i was ,geffrey's son8       
,no1 indeed1 is 't not2 and ,i would to 
,heaven1           ,i were your son1 so 
you would love me1 ,hubert4             
,hub4 ,if ,i talk to him1 with his      
innocent prate1           ,he will awake
 my mercy1 which lies dead3             
,therefore ,i will be sudden1 and       
despatch4 ,aside4           ,arth4 ,are 
you sick1 ,hubert8 ,you look pale       
to-day4           ,in sooth1 ,i would   
you were a little sick1           ,that 
,i might1 sit all night1 and watch with 
you4           ,i warrant1 ,i love you  
more than you do me4           ,hub4    
,his words do take possession of my     
bosom4--           ,read here1 young    
,arthur4 ,showing a paper4 ,how now1    
foolish rheum4 ,aside4                  
,turning dispiteous torture out of door6
           ,i must be brief1 lest       
resolution drop           ,out at mine  
eyes1 in tender womanish tears4--       
,can you not read it8 ,is it not fair   
writ8           ,arth4 ,too fairly1     

,hubert1 for so foul effect4            
,must you with hot irons burn out both  
mine eyes8           ,hub4 ,young boy1  
,i must4           ,arth4 ,and will you8
           ,hub4 ,and ,i will4          
,arth4 ,have you the heart8 ,when your  
head did but ache1           ,i knit my 
handkerchief about your brows1          
7,the best ,i had1 a princess wrought it
 me17           ,and ,i did never ask it
 you again2           ,and with my hand 
at midnight held your head2             
,and1 like the watchful minutes to the  
hour1           ,still and anon cheered 
up the heavy time2           ,saying1   
,what lack you8 and ,where lies your    
grief8           ,or1 ,what good love   
may ,i perform for you8           ,many 
a poor man's son would have lain still1 
,and ne'er have spoke a loving word to  
you3           ,but you at your sick    
service had a prince4           ,nay1   
you may think my love was a crafty love1
           ,and call it cunning3 do1 and
 if you will3           ,if ,heaven be  

pleased that you should use me ill1     
,why1 then you must4 ,will you put out  
mine eyes8--           ,these eyes1 that
 never did1 nor never shall1            
,so much as frown on you8               
,hub4 ,i have sworn to do it2           
,and with hot irons must ,i burn them   
out4           ,arth4 ,ah1 none1 but in 
this iron age1 would do it6             
,the iron of itself1 though heat        
red-hot1           ,approaching near    
these eyes1 would drink my tears1       
,and quench its fiery indignation1      
,even in the matter of mine innocence3  
,nay1 after that1 consume away in rust1 
,but for containing fire to harm mine   
eye4           ,are you more            
stubborn-hard than hammered iron8       
,an if an angel should have come to me1 
,and told me1 ,hubert should put out    
mine eyes1           ,i would not have  
believed him2 no tongue1 but ,hubert's4 
,hub4 ,come forth4 ,stamps4--,renter    
,attendants4           ,do as ,i bid    
you4           ,arth4 ,o1 save me1      

,hubert1 save me6 ,my eyes are out1     
,even with the fierce looks of these    
bloody men4           ,hub4 ,give me the
 iron1 ,i say1 and bind him here4       
,arth4 ,alas6 what need you be so       
boisterous rough8           ,i will not 
struggle1 ,i will stand stone-still4    
,for ,heaven's sake1 ,hubert1 let me not
 be bound6           ,nay1 hear me1     
,hubert6 drive these men away1          
,and ,i will sit as quiet as a lamb2    
,i will not stir1 nor wince1 nor speak a
 word1           ,nor look upon the     
irons angrily4           ,thrust but    
these men away1 and ,i'll forgive you1  
,whatever torment you do put me to4     
,hub4 ,go1 stand within2 let me alone   
with him4           #a ,att4 ,i am best 
pleased to be away from such a deed4    
,exeunt ,attendants4           ,arth4   
,alas6 ,i then have chid away my friend3
           ,he hath a stern look1 but a 
gentle heart4           ,let him come   
back1 that his compassion may           
,give life to yours4           ,hub4    

,come1 boy1 prepare yourself4           
,arth4 ,is there no remedy8             
,hub4 ,none1 but to lose your eyes4     
,arth4 ,o1 ,heaven6 that there were but 
a mote in yours1           ,a grain1 a  
dust1 a gnat1 a meandering hair1        
,any annoyance in that precious sense6  
,then1 feeling what small things are    
boisterous there1           ,your vile  
intent must needs seem horrible4        
,hub4 ,is this your promise8 ,go to1    
hold your tongue4           ,arth4      
,hubert1 the utterance of a brace of    
tongues           ,must needs want      
pleading for a pair of eyes4            
,let me not hold my tongue2 let me not1 
,hubert6           ,or1 ,hubert1 if you 
will1 cut out my tongue1           ,so  
,i may keep mine eyes2 ,o1 spare mine   
eyes1           ,though to no use1 but  
still to look on you6           ,lo1 by 
my troth1 the instrument is cold1       
,and would not harm me4           ,hub4 
,i can heat it1 boy4           ,arth4   
,no1 in good sooth2 the fire is dead    

with grief--           ,being create for
 comfort1--to be used           ,in     
undeserved extremes4 ,see else yourself3
           ,there is no malice in this  
burning coal2           ,the breath of  
heaven hath blown his spirit out1       
,and strewed repentant ashes on his     
head4           ,hub4 ,but with my      
breath ,i can revive it1 boy4           
,arth4 ,and if you do1 you will but make
 it blush1           ,and glow with     
shame of your proceedings1 ,hubert2     
,nay1 it1 perchance1 will sparkle in    
your eyes1           ,and1 like a dog1  
that is compelled to fight1             
,snatch at his master that does tarre   
him on4           ,all things that you  
should use to do me wrong1              
,deny their office3 only you do lack    
,that mercy1 which fierce fire1 and     
iron1 extends1--           ,creatures of
 note for mercy-lacking uses4           
,hub4 ,well1 see to live2 ,i will not   
touch thine eyes           ,for all the 
treasure that thine uncle owes4         

,yet ,i am sworn1 and ,i did purpose1   
boy1           ,with this same very iron
 to burn them out4           ,arth4 ,o1 
now you look like ,hubert6 all this     
while           ,you were disguised4    
,hub4 ,peace2 no more3 ,adieu6--        
,your uncle must not know but you are   
dead2           ,i'll fill these dogged 
spies with false reports4               
,and1 pretty child1 sleep doubtless1 and
 secure           ,that ,hubert1 for the
 wealth of all the world1               
,will not offend thee4           ,arth4 
,o1 ,heaven6--,i thank you1 ,hubert4    
,hub4 ,silence3 no more4 ,go closely in 
with me3           ,much danger do ,i   
undergo for thee4                       
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccclxxiii4                            
,,quarrel ,,of ,,brutus ,,and ,,cassius4
                ,cassius4 ,that you have
 wronged me1 doth appear in             
this3               ,you have condemned 
and noted ,lucius ,pella                
,for taking bribes here of the          

,sardians2               ,wherein1 my   
letters1 praying on his side1           
,because ,i knew the man1 were slighted 
off4               ,brutus4 ,you wronged
 yourself to write in such a case4      
,cas4 ,at such a time as this1 it is not
 meet               ,that every nice    
offence should bear its comment4        
,bru4 ,let me tell you1 ,cassius1 you   
yourself               ,are much        
condemned to have an itching palm2      
,to sell and mart your offices for gold1
               ,to undeservers4         
,cas4 ,i an itching palm8               
,you know that you are ,brutus that     
speak this1               ,or1 by the   
gods1 this speech were else your last6  
,bru4 ,the name of ,cassius honors this 
corruption1               ,and          
chastisement doth therefore hide his    
head4               ,cas4 ,chastisement6
               ,bru4 ,remember ,march1  
the ,ides of ,march remember6           
,did not great ,julius bleed for        
justice' sake8               ,what      

villain touched his body1 that did stab1
               ,and not for             
justice8--,what6 shall one of us1       
,that struck the foremost man of all    
this world1               ,but for      
supporting robbers1--shall we now       
,contaminate our fingers with base      
bribes1               ,and sell the     
mighty space of our large honors        
,for so much trash as may be graspd     
thus8--               ,i had rather be a
 dog1 and bay the moon1                 
,than such a ,roman6               ,cas4
 ,brutus1 bay not me6                   
,i'll not endure it4 ,you forget        
yourself1               ,to hedge me in2
 ,i am a soldier1 ,i1                   
,older in practice1 abler than yourself 
,to make conditions4               ,bru4
 ,go to2 you are not1 ,cassius4         
,cas4 ,i am4               ,bru4 ,i say 
you are not4               ,cas4 ,urge  
me no more3 ,i shall forget myself2     
,have mind upon your health2 tempt me no
 farther6               ,bru4 ,away1    

slight man6               ,cas4 ,is 't  
possible8               ,bru4 ,hear me1 
for ,i will speak4               ,must  
,i give way and room to your rash       
choler8               ,shall ,i be      
frighted when a madman stares8          
,cas ,o ye gods6 ye gods6 ,must ,i      
endure all this8               ,bru4    
,all this8 ay1 more6 ,fret till your    
proud heart break2               ,go1   
show your slaves how choleric you are1  
,and make your bondmen tremble6 ,must ,i
 budge8               ,must ,i observe  
you8 ,must ,i stand and crouch          
,under your testy humor8 ,by the gods1  
,you shall digest the venom of your     
spleen1               ,though it do     
split you2 for1 from this day forth1    
,i'll use you for my mirth1--yea for my 
laughter1               ,when you are   
waspish6               ,cas4 ,is it come
 to this8               ,bru4 ,you say1 
you are a better soldier3               
,let it appear so2 make your vaunting   
true1               ,and it shall please

 me well4 ,for mine own part1           
,i shall be glad to learn of noble men4 
,cas4 ,you wrong me every way2 you wrong
 me1 ,brutus3               ,i said1 an 
elder soldier1 not a better4            
,did ,i say1 better8               ,bru4
 ,if you did1 ,i care not4              
,cas4 ,when ,csar lived1 he durst not   
thus have moved me4               ,bru4 
,peace1 peace2 you durst not so have    
tempted him6               ,cas4 ,i     
durst not8               ,bru4 ,no4     
,cas4 ,what8 durst not tempt him8       
,bru4 ,for your life1 you durst not6    
,cas4 ,do not presume too much upon my  
love2               ,i may do that ,i   
shall be sorry for4               ,bru4 
,you have done that you should be sorry 
for4               ,there is no terror1 
,cassius1 in your threats2              
,for ,i am armed so strong in honesty1  
,that they pass by me as the idle wind1 
,which ,i respect not4 ,i did send to   
you               ,for certain sums of  
gold1 which you denied me2--            

,for ,i can raise no money by vile      
means3               ,by ,heaven1 ,i had
 rather coin my heart1                  
,and drop my blood for drachmas1 than to
 wring               ,from the hard     
hands of peasants their vile trash      
,by any indirection6 ,i did send        
,to you for gold to pay my legions1     
,which you denied me4 ,was that done    
like ,cassius8               ,should ,i 
have answered ,caius ,cassius so8       
,when ,marcus ,brutus grows so covetous1
               ,to lock such rascal     
counters from his friends1              
,be ready1 gods1 with all your          
thunderbolts1               ,dash him to
 pieces6               ,can4 ,i denied  
you not4               ,bru4 ,you did4  
,cas4 ,i did not2--he was but a fool    
,that brought my answer back4--,brutus  
hath rived my heart2               ,a   
friend should bear his friend's         
infirmities1               ,but ,brutus 
makes mine greater than they are4       
,bru4 ,i do not1 till you practise them 

on me4               ,cas4 ,you love me 
not4               ,bru4 ,i do not like 
your faults4               ,cas4 ,a     
friendly eye could never see such       
faults4               ,bru4 ,a          
flatterer's would not1 though they do   
appear               ,as huge as high   
,olympus4               ,cas4 ,come1    
,antony1 and young ,octavius1 come1     
,revenge yourselves alone on ,cassius1  
,for ,cassius is aweary of the world2   
,hated by one he loves2 braved by his   
brother2               ,checked like a  
bondman2 all his faults observed1       
,set in a note-book1 learned1 and conned
 by rote1               ,to cast into my
 teeth4 ,o1 ,i could weep               
,my spirit from mine eyes6--,there is my
 dagger1               ,and here my     
naked breast2 within a heart            
,dearer than ,plutus' mine1--richer than
 gold2               ,if that thou be'st
 a ,roman1 take it forth2               
,i that denied thee gold1 will give my  
heart3               ,strike as thou    

didst at ,csar2 for1 ,i know1           
,when thou didst hate him worst1 then   
lovedst him better               ,than  
ever thou lovedst ,cassius6             
,brat4 ,sheathe your dagger2            
,be angry when you will1 it shall have  
scope2               ,do what you will1 
dishonor shall be humor4                
,o ,cassius1 you are yokd with a lamb   
,that carries anger1 as the flint bears 
fire2               ,who1 much enforcd1 
shows a hasty spark1               ,and 
straight is cold again4                 
,cas4 ,hath ,cassius lived              
,to be but mirth and laughter to his    
,brutus1               ,when grief and  
blood ill-tempered1 vexeth him8         
,bru4 ,when ,i spoke that1 ,i was       
ill-tempered1 too4               ,cas4  
,do you confess so much8 ,give me your  
hand4               ,bru4 ,and my heart 
too4               ,cas4 ,o1 ,brutus6   
,bru4 ,what's the matter8               
,cas4 ,have you not love enough to bear 
with me1               ,when that rash  

humor1 which my mother gave me1         
,makes me forgetful8               ,bru4
 ,yes1 ,cassius2 and1 from henceforth1  
,when you are over-earnest with your    
,brutus1               ,he'll think your
 mother chides1 and leave you so4       
,shakespeare4                           
,,cccxxlxiv4                            
,,dogberry',s ,,charge4                 
,,dogberry--,,verges--,,the ,,watch4    
,dog4 ,are you good men and true8       
,ver4 ,yea1 or else it were a pity but  
they should suffer      salvation1 body 
and soul4      ,dog4 ,nay1 that were a  
punishment too good for them1 if        
they should have any allegiance in them1
 being chosen for the      prince's     
watch4      ,ver4 ,well1 give them their
 charge1 neighbor ,dogberry4      ,dog4 
,first1 who think you the most          
desartless man to be      constable8    
#a ,watch4 ,hugh ,oatcake1 sir1 or      
,george ,seacoal2 for they      can     
write and read4      ,dog4 ,come hither1
 neighbor ,seacoal4 ,god hath blessed   

you with a good name3 to be a           
well-favored man is the gift of         
fortune1 but to write and read comes by 
nature4      #b ,watch4 ,both which1    
master constable1--      ,dog4 ,you     
have2 ,i knew it would be your answer4  
,well1      for your favor1 sir1 why1   
give ,god thanks1 and make no boast of  
it2 and for your writing and reading1   
let that appear when there      is no   
need of such vanity4 ,you are thought   
here to be the most      senseless and  
fit man for the constable of the watch2 
therefore1      bear you the lantern4   
,this is your charge2--you shall        
comprehend      all vagrom men2 you are 
to bid any man stand1 in the            
prince's name4      #b ,watch4 ,how1 if 
he will not stand8      ,dog4 ,why1     
then1 take no note of him1 but let him  
go2 and      presently call the rest of 
the watch together1 and thank ,god you  
are rid of a knave4      ,ver4 ,if he   
will not stand when he is bidden he is  
none of      the prince's subjects4     

,dog4 ,true1 and they are to meddle with
 none but the      prince's             
subjects4--,you shall also make no noise
 in the streets3      for1 for the watch
 to babble and talk1 is most tolerable1 
and not      to be endured4      #b     
,watch4 ,we will rather sleep than talk3
 we know what      belongs to a watch4  
,dog4 ,why1 you speak like an ancient   
and most quiet watchman2      for ,i    
cannot see how sleeping should offend3  
only1 have a      care that your bills  
be not stolen4--,well1 you are to call  
at      all the ale-houses1 and bid     
those that are drunk get them to bed4   
#b ,watch4 ,how1 if they will not8      
,dog4 ,why1 then1 let them alone till   
they are sober2 if they      make you   
not then the better answer1 you may say1
 they are not      the men you took them
 for4      #b ,watch4 ,well1 sir4       
,dog4 ,if you meet a thief1 you may     
suspect him1 by virtue      of your     
office1 to be no true man2 and1 for such
 kind of men1 the      less you meddle  

or make with them1 why1 the more is for 
your      honesty4      #b ,watch4 ,if  
we know him to be a thief1 shall we not 
lay      hands on him8      ,dog4       
,truly1 by your office1 you may2 but1 ,i
 think1 they      that touch pitch will 
be defiled3 the most peaceable way for  
you1      if you do take a thief1 is1 to
 let him show himself what he is1 and   
steal out of your company4      ,ver4   
,you have been always called a merciful 
man1 partner4      ,dog4 ,truly1 ,i     
would not hang a dog1 by my will2 much  
more a man who hath any honesty in him4 
,ver4 ,if you hear a child cry in the   
night1 you must call to      the nurse1 
and bid her still it4      #b ,watch4   
,how1 if the nurse be asleep1 and will  
not hear us4      ,dog4 ,why1 then1     
depart in peace1 and let the child wake 
her with crying3 for the ewe that will  
not hear her lamb when      it baes1    
will never answer a calf when it bleats4
      ,ver4 ',t is very true4      ,dog4
 ,this is the end of the charge4 ,you1  

constable1 are to      present the      
prince's own person3 if you meet the    
prince in the      night1 you may stay  
him4      ,ver4 ,nay1 by 'r lady1 that1 
,i think1 he cannot4      ,dog4 ,five   
shillings to one on 't1 with any man    
that knows      the statues1 he may stay
 him3 marry1 not without the prince be  
willing3 for1 indeed1 the watch ought to
 offend no man1 and it is      an       
offence to stay a man against his will4 
,ver4 ,by 'r lady1 ,i think1 it be so4  
,dog4 ,ha1 ha1 ha6 ,well1 masters1 good 
night3 an there be      any matter of   
weight chances1 call up me3 keep your   
fellows'      counsels and your own1 and
 good-night4--,come1 neighbor4      #b  
,watch4 ,well1 masters1 we hear our     
charge3 let us go sit      here upon the
 church-bench till two1 and then all to 
bed4      ,dog4 ,one word more1 honest  
neighbors3 ,i pray you1 watch      about
 ,signior ,leonato's door1 for the      
wedding being there      tomorrow there 
is a great coil to-night4--,adieu2 be   

vigilant1      ,i beseech you4          
,shakespeare4                           
,,ccclxxv4                              
,,indigestion4                          
,,dr4 ,,gregory--,,patient4             
,,scene4----,,dr4 ,,gregory',s ,,study4 
,,enter ,a ,,plump ,,glasgow ,,merchant4
       ,pa4 ,good morning1 ,dr4         
,gregory6 ,i'm just come into           
,edinburg about some law business1 and  
,i thought when      ,i was here1 at any
 rate1 ,i might just as weel take your  
advice1      sir1 about my trouble4     
,dr4 ,pray1 sir1 sit down4 ,and now1 my 
good sir1 what may      your trouble be8
      ,pa4 ,indeed1 ,doctor1 ,i'm not   
very sure2 but ,i'm thinking      it's a
 kind of weakness that makes me dizzy at
 times1 and a      kind of pickling     
about my stomachs2--,i'm just na right4 
,dr4 ,you are from the ,west country1 ,i
 should suppose1 sir8      ,pa4 ,yes1   
sir1 from ,glasgow4      ,dr4 ,ay2 pray1
 sir1 are you a glutton8      ,pa4 ,god 
forbid1 sir2 ,i'm one of the plainest   

men living in      all the ,west        
country4      ,dr4 ,then1 perhaps1 you  
are a drunkard8      ,pa4 ,no1 ,dr4     
,gregory2 thank ,god1 no one can accuse 
me of      that4 ,i'm of the ,dissenting
 persuasion1 ,doctor1 and an ,elder2    
so you may suppose ,i'm na drunkard4    
,dr4 ,i'll suppose no such thing till   
you tell me your mode of      life4 ,i'm
 so much puzzled with your symptoms1    
sir1 that ,i      would wish to hear in 
detail what you do eat and drink4 ,when 
do you breakfast1 and what do you take  
at it8      ,pa4 ,i breakfast at nine   
o'clock2 take a cup of coffee1 and      
one or two cups of tea1 a couple of     
eggs1 and a bit of ham or      kipper   
salmon1 or1 may be1 both1 if they're    
good1 and two or      three rolls and   
butter4      ,dr4 ,do you eat no honey1 
or jelly1 or jam1 at breakfast8         
,pa4 ,oh1 yes1 sir6 but ,i don't count  
that as anything4      ,dr4 ,come1 this 
is a very moderate breakfast4 ,what kind
      of a dinner do you make8      ,pa4

 ,oh1 sir1 ,i eat a very plain dinner   
indeed2 some soup1      and some fish1  
and a little plain roast or boiled2 for 
,i dinna care      for made dishes2 ,i  
think1 some way1 they never satisfy the 
appetite4      ,dr4 ,you take a little  
pudding1 teens and afterwards some      
cheese4      ,pa4 ,oh1 yes6 though ,i   
don't care much about them4      ,dr4   
,you take a glass of ale and porter with
 your cheese8      ,pa4 ,yes1 one or the
 other2 but seldom both4      ,dr4 ,you 
,west-country people generally take a   
glass of ,highland      whiskey after   
dinner4      ,pa4 ,yes1 we do2 it as    
good for digestion4      ,dr4 ,do you   
take any wine during dinner8      ,pa4  
,yes1 a glass or two of sherry2 but ,i'm
 indifferent as to      wine during     
dinner4 ,i drink a good deal of beer    
,dr4 ,what quantity of port do you      
drink8      ,pa4 ,oh1 very little2 not  
above half a dozen glasses or so4       
,dr4 ,in the ,west country it is        
impossible1 ,i hear to dine      without

 punch8      ,pa4 ,yes1 sir1 indeed1 't 
is punch we drink chiefly2 but for      
myself unless ,i happen to have a friend
 with me1 ,i never take      more than a
 couple of tumblers or so1 and that's   
moderate4      ,dr4 ,oh1 exceedingly    
moderate indeed6 ,you then1 after       
this slight repast1 take some tea and   
bread and butter8      ,pa4 ,yes1 before
 ,i go to the counting-house to read the
 evening      letters4      ,dr4 ,and on
 your return you take supper1 ,i        
suppose4      ,pa4 ,no1 sir1 ,i canna be
 said to take supper2 just something    
before going to bed2--a rizzard haddock1
 or a bit of toasted      cheese1 or a  
half-hundred of oysters3 or the like o' 
that and may      be1 two thirds of a   
bottle of ale2 but ,i take no regular   
supper4      ,dr4 ,but you take a little
 more punch after that8      ,pa4 ,no1  
sir1 punch does not agree with me at    
bedtime4 ,i      take a tumbler of warm 
whiskey-toddy at night2 it is lighter to
      sleep on4      ,dr4 ,so it must   

be1 no doubt4 ,this1 you say1 is your   
every      day life2 but1 upon great    
occasions1 you perhaps exceed a little8 
,pa4 ,no1 sir1 except when a friend or  
two dine with me1 or ,i      dine out1  
which1 as ,i am a sober family man1 does
 not often      happen4           ,dr4  
,not above twice a week8      ,pa4 ,no2 
not oftener4      ,dr4 ,of course you   
sleep well and have a good appetite8    
,pa4 ,yes1 sir1 thank ,god1 ,i have2    
indeed1 any ill-health that      ,i have
 is about meal-time4      ,dr4 ,assuming
 a severe look1 knitting his brow1 and  
lowering      his eyebrows4 ,now1 sir1  
you are a very pretty fellow indeed4    
,you come here and tell me you are a    
moderate man2 but upon      examination1
 ,i find by your own showing that you   
are a most      voracious glutton4 ,you 
said you were a sober man2 yet1 by      
your own showing1 you are a             
beer-swiller1 a dram-drinker1 a         
wine-bibber1 and a guzzler of punch4    
,you tell me you eat indigestible       

suppers1 and swill toddy to force sleep4
 ,i see that      you chew tobacco4     
,now1 sir1 what human stomach can stand 
this8 ,go home1 sir1 and leave your     
present course of  riotous      living1 
and there are hopes that your stomach   
may recover its      tone1 and you be in
 good health1 like your neighbors4      
,pa4 ,i'm sure1 ,doctor1 ,i 'm very much
 obliged to you taking      out a bundle
 of bank-notes1 ,i shall endeavor to4   
,dr4 ,sir1 you are not obliged to       
me3--put up your money1      sir4 ,do   
you think ,i 'll take a fee for telling 
you what you know      as well as       
myself8 ,though you 're no physician1   
sir1 you are not      altogether a fool4
 ,go home1 sir1 and reform1 or1 take my 
word      for it1 your life is not worth
 half a year's purchase4                
,,ccclxxvi4                             
,,the ,,two ,,robbers4       ,alexander 
,,the great1 in his tent4 ,a man with a 
fierce      countenance1 chained and    
fettered1 brought before him4           

,alex4 ,what6 art thou the ,thracian    
robber1 of whose      exploits ,i have  
heard so much8      ,rob4 ,i am a       
,thracian1 and a soldier4      ,alex4 ,a
 soldier6--a thief1 a plunderer1 an     
assassin6 the      pest of the country6 
,i could honor thy courage2 but ,i must 
detest and punish thy crimes4      ,rob4
 ,what have ,i done of which you can    
complain8      ,alex4 ,hast thou not set
 at defiance my authority2 violated     
the public peace1 and passed thy life in
 injuring the persons and      the      
properties of thy fellow-subjects8      
,rob4 ,alexander1 ,i am your captive ,i 
must hear what you      please to say1  
and endure what you please to inflict4  
,but my      soul is unconquered2 and if
 ,i reply at all to your reproaches1 ,i 
will reply like a free man4      ,alex4 
,speak freely4 ,far be it for me take   
the advantage of      my power1 to      
silence those with whom ,i deign to     
converse4      ,rob4 ,i must2 then1     
answer your question by another4 ,how   

have you passed your life8      ,alex4  
,like a hero4 ,ask ,fame1 and she will  
tell you4      ,among the brave1 ,i have
 been the bravest2 among sovereigns1    
the noblest2 among conquerors1 the      
mightiest4      ,rob4 ,and does not     
,fame speak of me1 too8 ,was there      
ever a bolder captain of a more valiant 
band8 ,was there ever--      but ,i     
scorn to boast4 ,you yourself know that 
,i have not been      easily subdued4   
,alex4 ,still1 what are you1 but a      
robber--a base dishonest      robber8   
,rob4 ,and what is a conqueror8 ,have   
not you1 too gone      about the earth  
like an evil genius3 blasting the fair  
fruits of      peace and industry2      
plundering1 ravaging1 killing without   
law1      without justice1 merely to    
gratify an insatiable lust for dominion8
      ,all that ,i have done to a single
 district1 with a hundred followers     
you have done to whole nations1 with a  
hundred thousand4      ,if ,i have      
stripped individuals1 you have ruined   

kings and princes4      ,if ,i have     
burned a few hamlets1 you have desolated
 the      most flourishing kingdoms and 
cities of the earth4 ,what is then      
the difference1 but that as you were    
born a king1 and ,i a private      man1 
you have been able to become a mightier 
robber than ,i8      ,alex4 ,but if ,i  
have taken like a king1 ,i have given   
like a      king4 ,if ,i have subverted 
empires1 ,i have founded greater4 ,i    
have cherished arts1 commerce1 and      
philosophy4      ,rob4 ,i1 too1 have    
freely given to the poor what ,i took   
from      the rich4 ,i have established 
order and discipline among the      most
 ferocious of mankind2 and ,i have      
stretched out my protecting      arm    
over the oppressed4 ,i know1 indeed1    
little of the philosphy      you talk   
of2 but ,i believe neither you nor ,i   
shall ever      atone to the world for  
the mischief we have done it4           
,alex4 ,leave me4--,take off his chains1
 and use him well4      ,are we1 then1  

so much alike8 ,alexander to a          
robber8--,let      me reflect4          
,dr4 ,aiken4                            
,,ccclxxvii4                            
,,the ,,miser4                          
,,lovegold--,,james4        ,love4      
,where have you been8 ,i have wanted you
      above an hour4      ,james4 ,whom 
do you want1 sir1--your coachman or your
      cook8 for ,i am both one and t'   
other4      ,love4 ,i want my cook4     
,james4 ,i thought1 indeed1 it was not  
your coachman2 for you      have had no 
great occasion for him since your last  
pair of horses      were starved2 but   
your cook1 sir1 shall wait upon you in  
an      instant4  ,puts off his         
coachman's great-coat and appears as a  
cook4 ,now sir1 ,i am ready for your    
commands4      ,love4 ,i am engaged this
 evening to give a supper4      ,james4 
,a supper1 sir6 ,i have not heard the   
word this half-year2      a dinner1     
indeed1 now and then2 but1 for a supper1
 ,i'm      almost afraid1 for want of   

practice1 my hand is out4      ,love4   
,leave off your saucy jesting1 and see  
that you provide      a good supper4    
,james4 ,that may be done with a good   
deal of money1 sir4      ,love4 ,is the 
mischief in you8 ,always money6 ,can you
      say nothing else but money1 money1
 money8 ,my children1 my      servants1 
my relations1 can pronounce nothing but 
money4      ,james4 ,well1 sir2 but how 
many will there be at table8      love4 
,about eight or ten2 but ,i will have   
supper dressed      but for eight2 for  
if there be enough for eight1 there is  
enough      for ten4      ,james4       
,suppose1 sir1 at one end1 a handsome   
soup2 at the      other1 a fine         
,westphalia ham and chickens2 on one    
side1 a fillet      of veal2 on the     
other1 a turkey1 or rather a bustard1   
which may      be had for about a       
guinea--      ,love4 ,zounds6 is the    
fellow providing an entertainment for   
my lord mayor and the court of aldermen8
      ,james4 ,then a ragout--          

,love4 ,i'll have no ragout4 ,would you 
burst the good people      you dog8     
,james4 ,then pray1 sir1 what will you  
have8      ,love4 ,why1 see and provide 
something to cloy their stomachs3       
let there be two good dishes of         
soup-maigre2 a large suet pudding2      
some dainty1 fat pork-pie1 very fat2 a  
fine1 small lean      breast of mutton1 
and a large dish with two artichokes4   
,there2      that's plenty and variety4 
,james4 ,o1 dear--      ,love4 ,plenty  
and variety4      ,james4 ,but1 sir1 you
 must have some poultry4      ,love4    
,no2 ,i'll have none4      ,james4      
,indeed1 sir1 you should4      ,love4   
,well1 then1--kill the old hen1 for she 
has done laying4      ,james4 ,mercy6   
sir1 how the folks will talk of it2     
indeed1      people say enough of you   
already4      ,love4 ,eh6 why1 what do  
the people say1 pray8      ,james4 ,oh1 
sir1 if ,i could be assured you would   
not be angry4      ,love4 ,not at all2  
for ,i'm always glad to hear what the   

world says of me4      ,james4 ,why1    
sir1 since you will have it1 then1 they 
make a      jest of you everywhere2 nay1
 of your servants1 on your account4     
,one says1 you pick a quarrel with them 
quarterly1 in order to      find an     
excuse to pay them no wages4      ,love4
 ,poh6 poh6      ,james4 ,another says1 
you were taken one night stealing       
your own oats from your own horses4     
,love4 ,that must be a lie2 for ,i never
 allow them any4      ,james4 ,in a     
word1 you are the bye-word everywhere2  
and      you are never mentioned1 but by
 the names of covetous1 stingy1         
scraping1 old--      ,love4 ,get along1 
you impudent villain6      ,james4 ,nay1
 sir1 you said you would n't be angry4  
,love4 ,get out1 you dog6 you--         
,fielding4                              
,,ccclxxviii4                           
,,the ,,letter4                 ,,squire
 ,,egan ,,and ,,his ,,new ,,irish       
,,servant1 ,,andy4      ,squire4 ,well1 
,andy1 you went to the postoffice1 as ,i

      ordered you8      ,andy4 ,yis1    
sir4      ,squire4 ,well1 what did you  
find8      ,andy4 ,a most impertinent   
fellow indade1 sir4      ,squire4 ,how  
so8      ,andy ,says ,i1 as decent like 
as a gentleman1 ,i want a letther1      
sir1 if you plase4 ,who do you want it  
for8 said the      posth-masther1 as ye 
call him4 ,i want a letter1 sir1 if you 
plase1 said ,i ,and whom do you want it 
for8 said he      again4 ,and what 's   
that to you8 said ,i4      ,squire4 ,you
 blockhead1 what did he say to that8    
,andy4 ,he laughed at me1 sir1 and said 
he could not tell what      leather to  
give me1 unless ,i told him the         
direction4      ,squire4 ,well1 you told
 him then1 did you8      ,andy4 ,the    
directions ,i got1 said ,i was to get a 
leather      here1--that 's the         
directions4 ,who gave you the           
directions8      says he4 ,the masther  
said ,i4 ,and who 's your      masther8 
said he4 ,what consarn is that of yours8
 said ,i4      ,squire4 ,did he break   

your head1 then8      ,andy4 ,no sir4   
,why you stupid rascal1 said he1 if you 
don't tell me his name1 how can ,i give 
you his leather8 ,you      could give   
it1 if you liked1 said ,i2 only you are 
fond of axing      impudent questions1  
because you think ,i'm simple4 ,get out 
o' this6 said he4 ,your masther must be 
as great a goose as      yourself1 to   
send such a missenger4      ,squire4    
,well1 how did you save my honor1 ,andy8
      ,andy4 ,bad luck to your          
impudence6 said ,i4 ,is it ,squire      
,egan you dare say goose to8 ,o ,squire 
,egan's your masther8      said he4     
,yes1 says ,i2 ,have you anything to say
      agin it8      ,squire4 ,you got   
the letter1 then1 did you8      ,andy4  
,here 's a leather for the squire1 says 
he4 ,you      are to pay me eleven pence
 posthage4 ,what 'ud ,i pay 'levenpence 
for8 said ,i ,for posthage1 said he4    
,did n't ,i see      you give that      
gentlewoman a leather for four-pence1   
this blessed      minit8 said ,i2 and a 

bigger letther than this8 ,do you think 
,i 'm a fool8 says ,i8 ,here 's a       
four-pence for you1 and give      me the
 letther4      ,squire4 ,i wonder he did
 n't break your skull1 and let some     
light into it4      ,andy4 ,go along1   
you stupid thafe6 says he1 because ,i   
would n't let him chate your honor4     
,square4 ,well1 well2 give me the       
letter4      ,andy4 ,i have n't it1 sir4
 ,he would n't give it to me1 sir4      
,squire4 ,who would n't give it to you8 
,andy4 ,that old chate beyant in the    
town4      ,square4 ,did n't you pay    
what he asked8      ,andy4 ,arrah1 sir1 
why would ,i let you be chated1 when he 
was selling them before my face for     
four-pence a-piece8      ,squire4 ,go   
back1 you scoundrel1 or ,i'll horsewhip 
you4      ,andy4 ,he'll murther me1 if  
,i say another word to him about        
the leather2 he swore he would4         
,squire4 ,i'll do it1 if he don't1 if   
you are not back in less than      an   
hour4 ,exit      ,andy4 ,o1 that the    

like of me should be murthered for      
defending      the charrackter of my    
masther6 ,it's not ,i'll go to dale     
with that bloody chate again4 ,i'll off 
to ,dublin1 and let the      leather rot
 on his dirty hands1 bad luck to him6   
,anonymous4                             
,,ccclxxix4                             
,,the ,,frenchman',s ,,lesson4          
,frenchman4 ,ha6 my friend6 ,i have met 
one very      strange name in my lesson4
 ,vat you call ,h-o-u-g-h1--eh8         
,tutor4 ,huff4      ,fr4 ,trs bien1     
huff2 and snuff you spell s-n-o-u-p-h8  
,tut4 ,oh6 no1 no6 ,snuff is spelled    
s-n-u-f-f4 ,in fact1      words in      
o-u-g-h are a little irregular4         
,fr4 ,ah1 very good6--'t is beautiful   
language6 ,h-o-u-g-h      is huff4 ,i   
will remember2 and of course1 c-o-u-g-h 
is cuff4      ,i have a bad cuff1--eh8  
,tut4 ,no1 that is wrong2 we say        
kauff1--not cuff      ,fr4 ,kauff1 eh8  
,huff1 and kauff2 and1 pardonnez-moi1   
how you call d-o-u-g-h--duff1--eh8 is it

 duff8      ,tut4 ,no1 not duff4        
,fr4 ,not duff6 ,ah oui2 ,i understand1 
it is dauff1     --eh8      ,tut4 ,no2  
d-o-u-g-h spells doe4      ,fr4 ,doe6   
,it 's ver' fine6 ,wonderful language6  
,it is      doe2 and t-o-u-g-h is toe1  
certainement4 ,my beefsteak is      very
 toe4      ,tut4 ,oh6 no1 no6 ,you      
should say tuff4      ,fr4 ,tuff6 ,and  
the thing the farmer uses1 how you      
call him1 p-l-o-u-g-h1--pluff1 is it8   
,ha6 you smile4 ,i see      that ,i am  
wrong2 it must be plaff4 ,no8 then it is
 ploe1      like doe8 ,it is one        
beautiful language6 ver' fine6 ploe6    
,tut4 ,you are still wrong1 my friend2  
it is plow4      ,fr4 ,plow6 ,wonderful 
language6 ,i shall understand      ver' 
soon4 ,plow doe kauff2 and one more     
r-o-u-g-h     --what you call ,general  
,taylor1--,rauff and ,ready8      ,no8  
then ,row and ,ready8      ,tut4 ,no2   
r-o-u-g-h spells ruff4      ,fr4 ,ruff1 
ha8 ,let me not forget4 ,r-o-u-g-h is   
ruff1      and b-o-u-g-h is buff1--ha8  

,tut4 ,no2 bow4      ,fr4 ,ah6 't is    
ver' simple6 ,wonderful language6 ,but  
,i      have had vat you call           
e-n-o-u-g-h1--ha8 ,vat you call         
him8--,ha6 ha6 ha6                      
,anonymous4                             
,,ccclxxx4                              
,,how ,,to ,,tell ,,bad ,,news4         
,mr4 ,h4--,steward4       ,mr4 ,h4 ,ha6 
,steward1 ,how are you1 my old boy8 ,how
      do things go on at home8          
,steward4 ,bad enough1 your honor2 the  
magpie's dead4      ,mr4 ,h4 ,poor mag6 
so he's gone4 ,how came he to die8      
,stew4 ,over-ate himself sir4      ,mr4 
,h4 ,did he1 faith8 a greedy dog2 why1  
what did he get      he liked so well8  
,stew4 ,horse-flesh1 sir2 he died of    
eating horse-flesh4      ,mr4 ,h4 ,how  
came he to get so much horse-flesh8     
,stew4 ,all your father's horses1 sir4  
,mr4 ,h4 ,what6 ,are they dead1 too8    
,stew4 ,ay1 sir2 they died of over-work4
      ,mr4 ,h4 ,and why were they       
over-worked1 pray8      ,stew4 ,to carry

 water1 sir4      ,mr4 ,h4 ,to carry    
water6 and what were they carrying water
      for8      ,stew4 ,sure1 sir1 to   
put out the fire4      ,mr4 ,h4 ,fire6  
what fire8      ,stew4 ,oh1 sir1 your   
father's house is burned down to the    
ground4      ,mr4 ,h4 ,my father's house
 burned down6 and how came it      set  
on fire8      ,stew4 ,i think1 sir1 it  
must have been the torches4      ,mr4   
,h4 ,torches6 what torches8      ,stew4 
,at your mother's funeral4      ,mr4 ,h4
 ,my mother dead6      ,stem4 ,ah1 poor 
lady1 she never looked up after it4     
,mr4 ,h4 ,after what8      ,stew4 ,the  
loss of your father4      ,mr4 ,h4 ,my  
father gone too8      ,stew4 ,yes1 poor 
gentleman1 he took to his bed as soon as
 he      heard of it4      ,mr4 ,h4     
,heard of what8      ,stew4 ,the bad    
news1 sir1 and please your ,honor4      
,mr4 ,h4 ,what6 more miseries6 more bad 
news8      ,stew4 ,yes1 sir1 your bank  
has failed1 and your credit is lost1    
and you are not worth a shilling in the 

world4 ,i made bold1 sir1      to come  
to wait on you about it1 for ,i thought 
you would like to      hear the news4   
,anonymous4                             
,,ccclxxxi4                             
,,the ,,choleric father4                
,,capt4 ,,absolute--,,sir ,,anthony     
,capt4 ,a4 ,sir1 ,i am delighted to see 
you here and looking      so well6 ,your
 sudden arrival at ,bath made me        
apprehensive for your health4      ,sir 
,a4 ,very apprehensive1 ,i dare say1    
,jack4 ,what1 are      you recruiting   
here1 eh8      ,capt4 ,a4 ,yes1 sir2 ,i 
am on duty4      ,sir ,a4 ,well1 ,jack6 
,i am glad to see you1 though ,i did not
      expect it2 for ,i was going to    
write to you on a little matter of      
business4 ,jack1 ,i have been           
considering that ,i grow old and        
infirm1 and shall probably not trouble  
you long4      ,capt4 ,a4 ,pardon me1   
sir1 ,i never saw you look more strong  
and hearty2 and ,i pray fervently that  
you may continue so4      ,sir ,a4 ,i   

hope your prayers may be heard1 with all
 my      heart4 ,well1 then1 ,jack1 ,i  
have been considering that as ,i am     
so strong and hearty1 ,i may continue to
 plague you a long time4      ,now1     
,jack1 ,i am sensible that the income of
 your commission1      and what ,i have 
hitherto allowed you1 is but a small    
pittance for      a lad of your spirit4 
,capt4 ,a4 ,sir1 you are very good4     
,sir ,a4 ,and it is my wish1 while yet  
,i live1 to have my boy      make some  
figure in the world4 ,i have resolved1  
therefore1 to      fix you at once in a 
noble independence4      ,capt4 ,a ,sir1
 your kindness overpowers me4 ,such     
generosity      makes the gratitude of  
reason more lively than the sensation   
even of filial affection4      ,sir ,a4 
,i am glad you are so sensible of my    
attention2 and      you shall be master 
of a large estate in a few weeks4       
,capt4 ,a4 ,let my future life1 sir1    
speak my gratitude4 ,i      cannot      
express the sense ,i have of your       

munificence4 ,yet1 sir1      ,i presume 
you would not wish me to quit the army8 
,sir ,a4 ,o1 that shall be as your wife 
chooses4      ,capt4 ,a4 ,my wife1 sir8 
,sir ,a4 ,ay1 ay1 settle that between   
you--settle that between      you4      
,capt4 ,a4 ,a wife1 sir1 did you say8   
,sir ,a4 ,ay1 a wife--why did ,i not    
mention her before8      ,capt ,a4 ,not 
a word of her1 sir4      ,sir ,a4 ,upon 
my word1 ,i must n't forget her1 though6
 ,yes1      ,jack1 the independence ,i  
was talking of is by a marriage--the    
fortune is saddled with a wife2 but ,i  
suppose that makes no      difference8  
,capt4 ,a4 ,sir6 sir1 you amaze me6     
,sir ,a4 ,what 's the matter8 ,just now 
you were all gratitude      and duty4   
,capt4 ,a4 ,i was1 sir2 you talked to me
 of independence and      a fortune1 but
 not one word of a wife4      ,sir ,a4  
,why1 what difference does that make8   
,sir1 if you      have the estate1 you  
must take it with the live stock on it1 
as it      stands4      ,capt4 ,a4 ,if  

my happiness is to be the price1 ,i must
 beg leave      to decline the purchase4
 ,pray1 sir1 who is the lady8      ,sir 
,a4 ,what 's that to you1 sir8 ,come1   
give me your promise      to love1 and  
to marry her directly4      ,capt4 ,a4  
,sure1 sir1 that 's not very reasonable1
 to summon      my affections for a lady
 ,i know nothing of6      ,sir ,a4 ,i am
 sure1 sir1 't is more unreasonable in  
you to object      to a lady you know   
nothing of4      ,capt4 ,a4 ,you must   
excuse me1 sir1 if ,i tell you1 once for
 all1      that on this point ,i cannot 
obey you4      ,sir ,a4 ,hark you1      
,jack6 ,i have heard you for some time  
with patience2 ,i have been cool1--quite
 cool2 but take care2      you know ,i  
am compliance itself1 when ,i am not    
thwarted2 no      one more easily       
led--when ,i have my own way2 but don't 
put      me in a frenzy4      ,capt4 ,a4
 ,sir1 ,i must repeat it2 in this ,i    
cannot obey you4      ,sir ,a4 ,now1    
shoot me1 if ever ,i call you ,jack     

again while      ,i live6      ,capt4   
,a4 ,nay1 sir1 but hear me4      ,sir   
,a4 ,sir1 ,u won't hear a word--not a   
word6--not one      word6--,so1 give me 
your promise by a nod2 and ,i 'll tell  
you      what1 ,jack1--,i mean1 you     
dog1--if you don't--      ,capt4 ,a4    
,what1 sir1 promise to link myself to   
some mass of      ugliness2 to--        
,sir ,a4 ,sir1 the lady shall be as ugly
 as ,i choose2 she shall      have a    
hump on each shoulder2 she shall be as  
crooked as the      crescent2 her one   
eye shall roll like the bull's in ,cox's
 ,museum2      she shall leave a skin   
like a mumps and the beard of a ,jew2   
he shall be all this1 sir6 ,yet1 ,i'll  
make you ogle her all day1      and sit 
up all night to write sonnets on her    
beauty6      ,capt4 ,a4 ,this is reason 
and moderation1 indeed6      ,sir ,a4   
,none of your sneering1 puppy6 no       
grinning1 jackanapes6      ,capt4 ,a4   
,indeed1 sir1 ,i never was in a worse   
humor for mirth      in my life4        

,sir ,a4 ',t is false1 sir6 ,i know you 
are laughing in your      sleeve4 ,i    
know you'll grin when ,i am gone1 sir6  
,capt4 ,a4 ,sir1 ,i hope ,i know my duty
 better4      ,sir ,a4 ,none of your    
passion1 sir6 none of your violence1 if1
      you please6 ,it won't do with me1 
,i promise you4      ,capt4 ,a4 ,indeed1
 sir1 ,i never was cooler in my life4   
,sir ,a4 ,i know you are in a passion in
 your heart2 ,i know      you are1 you  
hypocritical young dog6 ,but it won't   
do6      ,capt4 ,a4 ,nay1 sir1 upon my  
word      ,sir ,a4 ,so you will fly out6
 ,can't you be cool like me8      ,what 
good can passion do8 ,passion is of no  
service1 you impudent1      insolent1   
overbearing reprobate6 ,there1 you sneer
 again6      ,don't provoke me6 ,but you
 rely upon the mildness of my           
temper1 you do1 you dog6 ,you play upon 
the meekness of my      disposition6    
,yet1 take care2 the patience of a saint
 may be      overcome at last6 ,but1    
mark3 ,i give you six hours and a half  

to consider of this3 if you then agree  
without any condition1 to      do       
everything on earth that ,i choose1 why1
 ,i may1 in time1 forgive      you4 lf  
not1 don't enter the same hemisphere    
with me2 don't      care to breathe the 
same air1 or use the same light1 with   
me2      but get an atmosphere and a sun
 of your own6 ,i'll strip you      of   
your commission2 ,i'll lodge a          
five-and-three-pence in the      hands  
of trustees1 and you shall live on the  
interest6 ,i'll disown      you4 ,i'll  
disinherit you6 ,i'll never call you    
,jack again4      ,exit4      ,capt4 ,a4
 ,mild1 gentle1 considerate father6     
,i kiss your hand4                      
,r4 ,b4 ,sheridan4                      
,,ccclxxxii4                            
,,rolla ,,and ,,alonzo4                 
,,enter ,,rolla ,,disguised ,,as ,a     
,,monk4       ,rolla4 ,inform me1       
friend1 is ,alonzo1 the ,peruvian1      
confined in this dungeon8               
,sentinel4 ,he is4      ,rolla4 ,i must 

speak with him4      ,sentinel4 ,you    
must not4      ,rolla4 ,he is my friend4
      ,sentinel4 ,not if he were your   
brother4      ,rolla4 ,what is to be his
 fate8      ,sentinel4 ,he dies at      
sunrise4      ,rolla4 ,ha6 then ,i am   
come in time1      ,sentinel4 ,just to  
witness his death4      ,rolla4         
,advancing toward the door4 ,soldier1 ,i
 must speak      with him4              
,sentinel4 ,pushing him back with his   
gun4 ,back6 ,back6      it is           
impossible4      ,rolla4 ,i do entreat  
you1 but for one moment4      ,sentinel4
 ,you entreat in vain1 my orders are    
most strict4      ,rolla4 ,look on this 
massive wedge of gold6 look on these    
precious gems6 ,in thy land they will be
 wealth for thee and      thine1 beyond 
thy hope or wish4 ,take them2 they are  
thine2      let me but pass one moment  
with ,alonzo4      ,sentinel4 ,away6    
,wouldest thou corrupt me8--me1 an old  
,castilian6 ,i know my duty better4     
,rolla4 ,soldier1 hast thou a wife8     

,sentinel4 ,i have4      ,rolla4 ,hast  
thou children8      ,sentinel4 ,four    
honest1 lovely boys4      ,rolla4 ,where
 didst thou leave them8      ,sentinel4 
,in my native village1 in the very cot  
where ,i was      born4      ,rolla4    
,dost thou love thy wife and children8  
,rolla4 ,do ,i love them8 ,god knows my 
heart1--,i do4      ,rolla4 ,soldier1   
imagine thou wert doomed to die a cruel 
death1 in a strange land1--what would be
 thy last request8      ,sentinel4 ,that
 some of my comrades should carry my    
dying      blessing to my wife and      
children4      ,rolla4 ,what if that    
comrade was at thy prison door1 and     
should there be told1 ,thy              
fellow-soldier dies at sunrise1 yet     
thou shalt not for a moment see him1 nor
 shalt thou bear his      dying blessing
 to his poor children1 or his wretched  
wife6--      ,what would'st thou think  
of him who thus could drive thy comrade 
from the door8      ,sentinel4 ,how6    
,rolla4 ,alonzo has a wife and child2   

and ,i am come but to      receive for  
her1 and for her poor babes the last    
blessing of my      friend4             
,sentinel4 ,go in4 ,exit sentinel4      
,rolla4  ,calls ,alonzo6 ,alonzo6       
,enter ,alonzo1 speaking as he comes in4
      ,alonzo4 ,how6 is my hour elapsed8
 ,well1 ,i am ready4      ,rolla        
,alonzo--,know me6      ,alonzo4 ,rolla6
 ,heavens6 how didst thou pass the      
guard8      ,rolla4 ,there is not a     
moment to be lost in words4 ,this       
disguise      ,i tore from the dead body
 of a friar1 as ,i passed our field     
of battle4 ,it has gained me entrance to
 thy dungeon2 now take      it thou1 and
 fly4      ,alonzo ,and ,rolla1--       
,rolla4 ,will remain here in thy place4 
,alonzo4 ,and die for me6 ,no6 ,rather  
eternal torture rack      me4           
,rolla4 ,i shall not die1 ,alonzo4 ,it  
is thy life ,pizarro seeks1      not    
,rolla's2 and thy arm may soon deliver  
me from prison4 ,or1      should it be  
otherwise1 ,i am as a blighted tree in  

the desert2      nothing lives beneath  
my shelter4 ,thou art a husband and a   
father2 the being of a lovely wife and  
helpless infant depend      upon thy    
life4 ,go1 go1 along1 not to save       
thyself but ,cora      and thy child4   
,alonzo4 ,urge me not thus1 my friend4  
,i am prepared to      die in peace4    
,rolla4 ,to die in peace6 devoting her  
you have sworn to live      for to      
madness1 misery1 and death6             
,alonzo4 ,merciful ,heavens6            
,rolla4 ,if thou art yet irresolute1    
,alonzo1--now mark me      well4 ,thou  
knowest that ,rolla never pledged his   
word1 and      shrank from its          
fulfilment4 ,and here ,i swear1 if thou 
art proudly      obstinate1 thou shalt  
have the desperate triumph of seeing    
,rolla      perish by thy side4         
,alonzo4 ,o1 ,rolla6 you distract me6   
,wear you the robe      and though      
dreadful the necessity we will strike   
down the guard      and force our       
passage4      ,rolla4 ,what1 the soldier

 on duty here8      ,alonzo ,yes1--else1
 seeing two1 the alarm will be instant  
death4      ,rolla4 ,for my nation's    
safety1 ,i would not harm him4 ,that    
soldier1 mark me1 is a man6 ,all are not
 men that wear the      human form4 ,he 
refused my prayers1 refused my gold1    
refused      to admit1 till his own     
feelings bribed him4 ,i will not risk a 
hair of that man's head1 to save my     
heartstrings from consuming      fire   
,but haste6 ,a moment's further pause1  
and all is lost4      ,alonzo ,rolla1 ,i
 fear thy friendship drives me from     
honor      and from right44      ,rolla4
 ,did ,rolla ever counsel dishonor to   
his friend8       ,throwing the friar's 
garment over his shoulder4 ,there6      
conceal      thy face4 ,now1 ,god be    
with thee6                              
,kotzebue4                              
,,ccclxxxiii4                           
,,the ,,english ,,traveller4            
,traveller4 ,do you belong to this      
house1 friend8      ,landlord4 ,no1 it  

belongs to me1 ,i guess4  ,the          
,traveller      takes out his           
memorandum-book1 and in a low voice     
reads      what he writes4      ,trav4  
,mem4 ,yankee landlords do not belong to
 their      house's ,aloud ,you seem    
young for a landlord3 may ,i ask        
how old you are8      ,land4 ,yes1 if   
you'd like to know4      ,trav4 ,hem6   
,disconcerted4 ,are you a native1 sir8  
,land4 ,no1 sir2 there are no natives   
hereabouts4      ,trav4 ,mem4 ,none of  
the inhabitants natives2 ergo1 all      
foreigners4 ,aloud ,where were you born1
 sir8      ,land4 ,do you know where    
,marblehead is8      ,trav4 ,yes4       
,land4 ,well1 ,i was not born there4    
,trav4 ,why did you ask the question1   
then8      ,land4 ,because my daddy was4
      ,trav4 ,but you were born         
somewhere4      ,land4 ,that 's true2   
but as father moved up country afore    
the townships were marked out1 my case  
is somewhat like the      ,indian's who 
was born at ,nantucket1 ,cape ,cod1 and 

all along      shore4      ,trav4 ,were 
you brought up in this place1 sir8      
,land4 ,no2 ,i was raised in ,varmount  
till mother died1 and      then1 as     
father was good for nothing after that  
,i pulled up stakes      and went to sea
 a bit4      ,trav4 ,mem4 ,yankees1     
instead of putting up gravestones1      
pull up stakes1 and go to sea1 when a   
parent dies ,aloud      ,you did not    
follow the sea long1 for you have not   
the air of a      mariner4      ,land4  
why1 you see1 ,i had a leetle knack at  
the coopering      business2 and larning
 that them folks that carry it on in the
      ,west ,indies die off fast1 ,i    
calculated ,i should stand a chance to  
get a handsome living there4      ,trav4
 ,and so you turned sailor to get there8
      ,land4 ,not exactly2 for ,i agreed
 to work my passage by      cooking for 
the crew1 and tending the dumb critters4
      ,trav4 ,dumb critters6 ,of what   
was your lading composed8      ,land4 ,a
 leetle of everything2--horses1 hogs1   

hoop-poles1      and ,hingham boxes2    
boards1 ingyons1 soap1 candles1 and ile4
      ,trav4 ,mem4 ,soap1 candles1 and  
ile1 called dumb critters      by the   
,yankees4 ,aloud4 ,did you arrive there 
safely8      ,land4 ,no1 ,i guess we did
 n't4      ,trav4 ,why not8      ,land4 
,we had a fair wind1 and sailed a pretty
 piece1 ,i tell      you2 but jest afore
 we reached the eend of our vige1 some  
pirates overhauled us1 and stole all our
 molasses1 rum1 and      gingerbread4   
,trav4 ,is that all they did to you8    
,land4 ,no1 they ordered us on board    
their vessel1 and promised      us some 
black-strap4      ,trav4 ,mem4 ,pirates 
catch ,yankees with a black-strap4      
,aloud ,did you accept the invitation8  
,land4 ,no1 ,i guess we did n't4 ,and so
 they threatened to      fire into us4  
,trav4 ,what did your captain do8       
,land4 ,fire1 and be dammed6 says he1   
but you'd better      not spill the     
deacon's ile1 ,i tell you4      ,trav4  
,and so you ran off1 did you8           

,land4 ,no2 we sailed off a small piece4
 ,but the captain      said it was a    
tarnal shame to let them steal our      
necessaries2 and      so he right about1
 and peppered them1 ,i tell you4        
,trav4 ,mem4 ,yankees pepper pirates    
when they meet      them4 ,aloud4 ,did  
you take them8      ,land4 ,yes1 and my 
shear built this house4      ,trav4     
,mem4 ,yankees build houses with shears4
      ,land4 ,it 's an ill wind that    
blows nowhere1 as the saying is4        
,and now1 may ,i make so bold as to ask 
whose name ,i shall      enter in my    
books8      ,trav4 ,mine6      ,land4   
,hem6--if it 's not an impertinent      
question1 may ,i      ask which way you 
are travelling8      ,trav4 ,home4      
,land4 ,faith6 have ,i not as good a    
right to catechize you1      as you had 
to catechize me8      ,trav4 ,yes4 ,mem4
 ,yankees the most inquisitive people   
in the world1--impertinent1 and         
unwilling to communicate                
information to travellers4 ,aloud ,well1

 sir1 if you have      accommodations   
fit for a gentleman1 ,i will put up with
 you4      ,land4 ,they have always     
suited gentlemen1 but ,i can't say      
how you'll like 'em4      ,trav4 ,there 
is a tolerable prospect from this       
window4 ,what      hill is that1 yonder8
      ,land4 ,bunker ,hill1 sir4        
,trav4 ,pretty hill6 ,if ,i had my      
instruments here1 ,i should      like to
 take it4      ,land4 ,you had better   
not try4 ,it required three thousand    
instruments to take it in '#ge4         
,tram ,mem4 ,a common ,yankee hill      
cannot be drawn      without three      
thousand instruments4 ,aloud ,faith1    
,landlord1      your ,yankee draughtsmen
 must be great bunglers4 ,but      come1
 sir1 give me breakfast1 for ,i must be 
going2 ,there is nothing      else in   
the vicinity worthy the notice of a     
traveller4                              
,anon4                                  
,,ccclxxxiv4                            
,,the ,,embryo ,,lawyer4                

,,old ,,fickle--,,tristam ,,fickle4     
,old ,f4 ,what reputation1 what honor1  
what profit can      accrue to you from 
such conduct as yours8 ,one moment      
you tell me you are going to become the 
greatest musician      in the world1 and
 straight you fill my house with        
fiddlers4      ,tri4 ,i am clear out of 
that scrape now1 sir4      ,old ,f4     
,then from a fiddler you are            
metamorphosed into a      philosopher2  
and for the noise of drums1 trumpets1   
and hautboys1      you substitute a vile
 jargon1 more unintelligible than was   
ever heard at the tower of ,babel4      
,tri4 ,you are right1 sir1 ,i have found
 out that philosophy is      folly2 so1 
,i have cut the philosophers of all     
sects1 from ,plato and      ,aristotle  
down to the puzzlers of modern date4    
,old ,f4 ,how much had ,i to pay the    
cooper1 the other day1      for         
barreling you up in a large tub1 when   
you resolved to live      like          
,diogenes8      ,tri4 ,you should not   

have paid him anything1 sir1 for the tub
      would not hold4 ,you see the      
contents are run out4      ,old ,f4 ,no 
jesting1 sir2 this is no laughing       
matter4 ,your      follies have tired me
 out4 ,i verily believe you have taken  
the      whole round of arts and science
 in a month1 and have been of      fifty
 different minds in half an hour4       
,tri4 ,and1 by that1 shown the          
versatility of my genius4      ,old ,f4 
,don't tell me of versatility1 sir4 ,let
 me see a little      steadiness4 ,you  
have never yet been constant to anything
 but      extravagance4      ,tri4 ,yes1
 sir1 one thing more4      ,old ,f4     
,what is that1 sir4      ,tri4          
,affection for you4 ,however my head may
 have wandered1      my heart has always
 been constantly attached to the kindest
      of parents2 and1 from this moment1
 ,i am resolved to lay my      follies  
aside1 and pursue that line of conduct  
which will be most      pleasing to the 
best of fathers and of friends4         

,old ,f4 ,well said1 my boy1--well said6
 ,you make me      happy indeed4 patting
 him on the shoulder ,now1 then1 my     
dear ,tristram1 let me know what you    
really mean to do4      ,tri4 ,to study 
the law4      ,old ,f4 ,the law6        
,tri4 ,i am most resolutely bent on     
following that profession4      ,old ,f4
 ,no6      ,tri4 ,absolutely and        
irrevocably fixed4      ,old ,f4 ,better
 and better4 ,i am overjoyed4 ,why1 't  
is the      very thing ,i wished4 ,now  
,i am happy4  ,tristram makes gestures  
as if speaking4 ,see how his mind is    
engaged6      ,tri1 ,gentlemen of the   
jury1--      ,old ,f4 ,why ,tristram1-- 
,tri4 ,this is a cause1--      ,old ,f4 
,o1 my dear boy6 ,i forgive you all your
 tricks4 ,i      see something about    
you1 now1 that ,i can depend upon4      
,tristram      continues making         
gestures4      ,tri4 ,i am for the      
plaintiff in this cause1--      ,old ,f4
 ,bravo6 bravo6 excellent boy6 ,i'll go 
and order      your books directly4     

,tri4 ,it is done sir4      ,old ,f4    
,what1 already6      ,tri4 ,i ordered   
twelve square feet of books when ,i     
first      thought of embracing the     
arduous profession of the law4      ,old
 ,f4 ,what1 do you mean to read by the  
foot8      ,tri4 ,by the foot1 sir2 that
 is the only way to become a solid      
lawyer4      ,old ,f4 ,twelve square    
feet of learning6 ,well1--      ,tri4 ,i
 have likewise sent for a barber1       
,old ,f4 ,what1 is he to teach you to   
shave close8      ,tri4 ,he is to shave 
one half of my head1 sir4      ,old ,f4 
,you will excuse me if ,i cannot        
perfectly understand      what that has 
to do with the study of the law4        
,tri4 ,did you never hear of            
,demosthenes1 sir1 the ,athenian        
orator8 ,he had half his head shaved1   
and locked himself up in      a         
coal-cellar4      ,old ,f4 ,ah6 he was  
perfectly right to lock himself up after
      having undergone such an operation
 as that4 ,he certainly      would have 

made rather an odd figure abroad4       
,tri4 ,i think ,i see him now1 awaking  
the dormant patriotism      of his      
countrymen1--lightning in his eye1 and  
thunder in his      voice3 he pours     
forth a torrent of eloquence1 resistless
 in its      force--the throne of       
,philip trembles while he speaks2 he    
denounces1      and indignation fills   
the bosom of his hearers2 he            
exposes the impending danger1 and every 
one sees impending      ruin2 he        
threatens the tyrant1--they grasp their 
swords2 he      calls for vengeance1    
their thirsty weapons glitter in the    
air1      and thousands reverberate the 
cry4 ,one soul animates the nation1     
and that soul is the soul of the orator4
      ,old ,f4 ,o6 what a figure he'll  
make in the ,king's ,bench6      ,but1  
come1 ,i will tell you now what my plan 
is1 and then you      will see how      
happily this determination of yours will
 further it4      ,you have  ,tristram  
makes extravagant gestures1 as if       

speaking1      often heard me speak of  
my friend ,briefwit1 the barrister1--   
,tri4 ,who is against me in this        
cause8--      ,old ,f4 ,he is a most    
learned lawyer1--      ,tri4 ,but as ,i 
have justice on my side1--      ,old ,f4
 ,zounds6 he does n't hear a word ,i    
say6 ,why1      ,tristram6      ,tri4 ,i
 beg your pardon1 sir1 ,i was           
prosecuting my studies4      ,old ,f4   
,now1 attend1--      ,tri4 ,as my       
learned friend observes1--,go on1 sir1  
,i am all      attention4      ,old ,f4 
,well1 my friend the counselor1--       
,tri4 ,say learned friend1 if you       
please1 sir4 ,we gentlemen      of the  
law always1--      ,old ,f4 ,well1      
well1--my learned friend1--      ,tri4  
,a black patch6      ,old ,f4 ,will you 
listen1 and be silent8      ,tri4 ,i am 
as mute as a judge4      ,old ,f4 ,my   
friend1 ,i say1 has a ward1 who is very 
handsome1      and who has a very       
handsome fortune4 ,she would make you   
a charming wife4      ,tri4 ,this is an 

action1      ,old ,f4 ,now1 ,i have     
hitherto been afraid to introduce you   
to my friend1 the barrister1 because ,i 
thought your lightness and      his     
gravity1--      ,tri4 ,might be         
plaintiff and defendant4      ,old ,f4  
,but now you are growing serious and    
steady1 and      have resolved to pursue
 his profession1 ,i will shortly bring  
you      together2 you will obtain his  
good opinion1 and all the rest follows  
of course4      ,tri4 ,a verdict in my  
favor4      ,old ,f4 ,you marry and sit 
down1 happy for life4      ,tri4 ,in the
 ,king's ,bench4      ,old ,f4 ,bravo6  
,ha1 ha1 ha6 ,but now run to your study1
     --run to your study1 my dear       
,tristram1 and ,i'll go and call        
upon the counsellor4      ,tri4 ,i      
remove by habeas corpus4      ,old ,f4  
,pray have the goodness to make haste1  
then4      ,hurrying him off4      ,tri4
 ,gentlemen of the jury this is a cause4
 ,exit4      ,old ,f4 ,the inimitable   
boy6 ,i am now the happiest father      

living4 ,what genius he has6 ,he'll be  
,lord ,chancellor one      day or other1
 ,i dare be sworn4 ,i am sure he has    
talents6 ,o6      how ,i long to see him
 at the bar6                            
,allingham4   ,,notes4   ,page ,no4  #c4
 ,i4 ,,brougham1 7broom17 ,,henry1      
,lord1 philosopher1 law-reformer1       
statesman1 orator1 and critic1 was born 
in #aggi1 at ,edinburgh1 where he was   
educated at the ,high ,school and       
,university4 ,he united with ,jeffrey   
and ,horner in establishing the         
,edinburgh ,review1 and for nearly      
twenty years he was one of its most     
regular contributors4 ,having for a few 
years practised law at the ,scottish    
bar1 he removed to ,england in #ahjg1   
and entered ,parliament in #ahaj4 ,his  
long parliamentary career has been      
characterized as one of desultory       
warfare4 ,a great part of his life has  
been spent in beating down2 in detecting
 false pretensions whether in literature
 or politics2 in searching out the      

abuses of long-established institutions2
 in laying open the perversions of      
public  charities2 in exposing the      
cruelties of the criminal code2 or in   
rousing public attention to a world of  
evils resulting from the irregularities 
in the administration of municipal law4 
,the character of his eloquence is well 
suited to the purposes of an assailant4 
,for fierce1 vengeful1 and irresistible 
assault1 says ,john ,foster1 ,brougham  
stands the foremost man in all the      
world4 ,this extract is taken from his  
,inaugural ,discourse as ,lord ,rector  
of the university of ,glasgow delivered 
in #ahbe4  #d4 ,,ii4 ,,richard          
,,brinsley ,,sheridan was born at       
,dublin1 ,september1 #agea4 ,his father 
was ,thomas ,sheridan1 author of a      
,pronouncing ,dictionary1 and a         
distinguished teacher of elocution4 ,his
 career was brilliant and successful1   
both as a dramatist and an orator4 ,he  
entered ,parliament in #aghj where his  
first speech was a failure2 and when    

told1 at its close1 by one of his       
disappointed friends1 that he had better
 have stuck to his former pursuit of    
writing plays1 he rested his head on his
 hand for some minutes1 and then        
exclaimed with vehemence1 ,it is in me1 
and it shall come out of me6 ,and so it 
did4 ,of his speech against ,hastings1  
on the charge of the ,begums1 ,mr4 ,pitt
 said1 an abler speech was perhaps never
 delivered2 and ,mr4 ,fox characterized 
it as the greatest that had been        
delivered within the memory of man4 ,but
 his convivial habits betrayed him into 
gross intemperance1 and he became       
bankrupt in character and health1 as    
well as in fortune1 and died on the #gth
 of ,july1 #ahaf1 at the age of         
sixty-four1 a melancholy example of     
brilliant talents sacrificed to a love  
of display and sensual indulgence4  #d4 
,,ii4 ,this is a very useful piece for  
practice1 on account of the excellent   
illustrations of emphasis and           
inflections which it affords4 ,the third

 paragraph is a fine example of the     
circumflex slides4  #e4 ,,iii4 ,from the
 speech on the ,begum ,charge1 before   
the ,house of ,lords1 sitting as a ,high
 ,court of ,parliament1 ,june1 #aghh1   
and1 said to be the most graphic and    
powerful description to be found in the 
speeches of ,sheridan4  --,oude1 7ood473
 ,begums1 ,hindoo ,princesses4          
--,zenana4 7ze-nh-nah73 that part of a  
house in ,india particularly reserved   
for women4  #f4 ,,iv4 ,,thomas ,,smith  
,,grimke was born in ,charleston ,s4    
,c41 ,september #bf1 #aghf4 ,he was a   
descendant of the ,huguenots4 ,in the   
days of ,nullification he supported the 
,general ,government4 ,he was an        
eloquent advocate of the ,union1 and in 
a ,fourth of ,july ,oration at          
,charleston1 in #ahji1 he graphically   
depicts the horrors of civil war1 which 
must follow disunion4 ,he died on the   
#abth of ,octobers #ahcd4  #h4 ,v4      
,lycian 7l-she-an 73 ,achan 7           
a-kee'-an73 ,hanseatic 7han-se-at'-ic71 

from ,hance 7hn-seh71 a ,german word    
signifying association for mutual       
support4 ,hamburg1 ,lubeck1 ,bremen1 and
 ,frankfort1 constitute the present free
 ,hanseatic cities4  #ab4 ,,viii4       
,,chauncey ,a4 ,,goodrich ,occupied the 
chair of ,rhetoric and ,oratory in ,yale
 ,college1 from #ahag until #ahci1 when 
he was transferred to that of ,pastoral 
,theology1 which he filled for more than
 twenty years4 ,his chief literary works
 are his ,collection of ,select ,british
 ,eloquence1 an excellent book1 and his 
revised and enlarged edition of         
,webster's ,dictionary4 ,mr4 ,webster's 
argument in the ,dartmouth ,college     
case1 was delivered in #ahah and        
,professor ,goodrich says that he went  
to ,washington chiefly for the sake of  
hearing it4  #ad4 ,,ix4 ,,joshua        
,,quincy was born in #aggb and graduated
 at ,harvard ,college in #agij4 ,he was 
in ,congress from #ahje until #ahac2    
mayor of ,boston for six years1 and     
,president of ,harvard from #ahbi until 

#ahde4 ,he died ,july #a1 #ahfd4 ,this  
extract is from his ,centennial ,address
 on the ,two ,hundredth ,anniversary of 
the ,settlement of ,boston1 delivered in
 #ahcj4  #af ,x4 ,bon ,homme ,richard3  
7bo nom ree'-shar''7 ,guerrire3         
7ghr-re-air''74  #ag4 ,,xi4 ,,william   
,,ellery ,,channing1 grandson of        
,william ,ellery1 one of the signers of 
the ,declaration1 was born at ,newport1 
,r4 ,i41 ,april #g1 #aghj4 ,in #agih1 he
 was graduated at ,harvard1 with the    
highest honors4 ,for nearly forty years 
he was pastor of the ,federal ,street   
,church in ,boston4 ,the collection of  
his ,works embraces six volumes4 ,he was
 one of the most eloquent of ,american  
divines1 and he wrote largely on war1   
temperance1 slavery1 and education4 ,he 
died ,october #b1 #ahdb4  #bb4 ,,xiv4   
,tyrol 7tyr'-ol73 ,innspruk             
7inns'-prook73 ,scheldt 7skelt74  #bc4  
,,xv4 ,,thomas ,,francis ,,meagher1 an  
,irish patriot and orator4 ,at present a
 general in the ,united ,states ,army1  

and a stanch friend of the ,union4  #be4
 ,,xvii4 ,,henry ,,grattan1 born at     
,dublin1 ,july #c1 #agdf2 died ,may #ad1
 #ahbj4 ,he was the greatest of ,irish  
patriots1 and the greatest of ,irish    
orators4 ,his forte was reasoning1 but  
it was logic on fire4 ,a distinguished  
writer described his eloquence as a     
combination of cloud1 whirlwind1 and    
flame4 ,his style was elaborated with   
great care4 ,his language is select1 and
 his periods are easy and fluent4  #bg4 
,,xviii4 ,,rufus ,,choate was born at   
,ipswich1 ,mass41 ,october #a1 #agii1   
graduated at ,dartmouth ,college1 with  
the highest honors1 in #ahai1 and died  
at ,halifax1 while on his way to        
,europe1 ,july #ac1 #ahei4 ,gifted with 
the most brilliant intellectual powers1 
he was ever a hard student4 ,mr4        
,everett says of him1 ,with such gifts1 
such attainments1 and such a spirit1 he 
placed himself1 as a matter of course1  
not merely at the head of the jurists   
and advocates1 but of the public        

speakers of the country4 ,his most      
famous oration is his ,eulogy on ,daniel
 ,webster1 delivered at ,dartmouth      
,college4 ,mr4 ,choate's works have been
 edited1 and an admirable ,memoir of his
 ,life written1 by ,professor ,samuel   
,g4 ,brown1 the whole being published in
 two octavo volumes4  #bi4 ,,xx4        
,bothius 7 bo-e'-thi-us74 --,sibyl 7sib'
 il 74  #cj ,,xxi4 ,from a ,lecture on  
the ,eloquence of ,revolutionary        
,periods1 delivered in ,boston1         
,february #aheg4  #cc4 ,,xxiii4 gobelin 
7gob'-e-lin73 ,pericles 7 per'-i-cles74 
#cg4 ,,xxvii4 ,,mrs4 ,,lydia ,,maria    
,,child1 whose maiden name was          
,,francis1 was born in ,massachusetts1  
but passed a portion of her earlier     
years in ,maine4 ,her literary          
productions are numerous and are        
characterized by vigor and originality  
of thought4 ,she has been very prominent
 in the anti-slavery movement4 ,a work  
on the subject of slaverey1 published by
 her in #ahcc1 produced a great         

sensation4 ,this selection is from ,the 
,rebels1 a tale of the ,revolution1     
which was published in #ahbe1 when she  
was quite young4  #da4 ,,xxx4 ,,patrick 
,,henry4 ,this distinguished orator of  
nature was born in ,virginia1 ,may #bi1 
#agcf4 ,he was a member of the first    
,congress1 which met in ,carpenter's    
,hall1 at ,philadelphia1 on the #dth of 
,september1 #aggd4 ,for several years he
 was governor of ,virginia and for more 
than thirty years he stood among the    
foremost of ,american patriots and      
statesmen4 ,he was one of the earliest  
and most powerful opponents of ,british 
power4 ,in #agfe1 as member of the      
,house of ,burgesses1 he introduced his 
famous resolutions against the ,stamp   
,act1 which proved the opening of the   
,american ,revolution in the colony of  
,virginia4 ,he died on the #fth of      
,june1 #agii4 ,his life has been written
 by ,william ,wirt4 ,this speech was    
delivered about one month before the    
battle of ,lexington1 so that his       

prophecy1 ,the next gale1 c4 was almost 
literally fulfilled4  #dd4 ,,xxxiii1    
,prsidium 7 pre-sid'-i-um73 a guard4    
-,publo 7 pwa'-blo 73 a village4        
---ranch3 a hut1 or collection of huts2 
a farming establishment4                
---,tehuauntepec 7ta-hun-te-pec74  #df4 
,,xxxiv4 ,,rev4 ,,robert ,,hall1 an     
eminent ,baptist minister1 was born at  
,arnsby1 ,england1 ,august1 #agfd1 and  
died at ,bristols1 on the #bast of      
,february1 #ahca4 ,his writings1 which  
have been published in six volumes1 are 
highly finished in style1 and display a 
remarkable combination of logical       
precision1 metaphysical acuteness1      
practical sense and sagacity1 with a    
rich luxuriance of imagination1 and all 
the graces of composition4 ,dr4 ,parr   
says of him--,he has1 like ,jeremy      
,taylor1 the eloquence of an orator1 the
 fancy of a poet the subtlety of a      
schoolman1 the profoundness of a        
philosopher1 and the piety of a saint4  
#dg4 ,,xxxv4 ,,joseph ,,story was born  

at ,marblehead1 ,mass41 ,september #ah1 
#aggi4 ,in #ahaj he was appointed by    
,president ,madison ,associate ,justice 
of the ,supreme ,court1 and in #ahbi1 he
 was made ,professor of the ,dane ,law  
,school1 which office he held until his 
death1 ,september #ajth1 #ahde4 ,he was 
an eminent jurist1 an eloquent orator1  
and a finished scholar4  --,siloa3 the  
metre here requires the accent on the   
first syllable 7sil'-o-a1 7 though most 
authorities make it 7sil-'-a474  #eb4   
,,xxxix4 ,,rev4 ,,elijah ,,kellogg1 a   
clergyman in ,boston4 ,he wrote this    
piece especially for declamation4 ,this 
copy is a recent revision by the author 
for ,hillard's ,reader4  #ed4 ,,xl4     
,from a speech delivered in the ,house  
of ,representatives of the ,united      
,states1 ,january #h1 #ahdg4  #ef4      
,,xli4 ,from an oration delivered at the
 seat of ,government1 on the occasion of
 laying the corner-stone of the         
,national ,monument to ,washington1     
,july #d1 #ahdh4  #gj4 ,,liii4 ,,fisher 

,,ames was born at ,dedham1 ,mass41     
,april #ith1 #ageh1 where he died1 ,july
 #dth1 #ahjh ,he was a member of the    
first ,congress under the ,constitution1
 in which body he remained eight years4 
,in #ahjd1 he was tendered the          
,presidency of ,harvard ,college1 which 
he declined44 ,he was an excellent      
classical scholar and an accumplished   
orator4 ,his speech on ,jay's ,treaty1  
from which this extract is taken is a   
production of the deepest pathos and    
richest eloquence4 ,webster is said to  
have committed the whole speech to      
memory in early life4  #ib4 ,,lxix4     
,brougham's career1 though brilliant1   
has been marked by the most             
extraordinary inconsistencies and       
contradictions1 and now1 at the age of  
eighty-five1 forgetting his brave       
denunciation of slavery1 he takes sides 
with a wicked rebellion1 which was set  
on foot for the establishment of an     
empire based on slavery4  #ig4 ,,lxxiii4
 ,,richard ,,lalor ,,shiel was born in  

,ireland1 ,august #ag1 #agia and died in
 ,italy1 ,may #bc1 #aheg4 ,he entered   
,parliament in #ahcj1 and at the time of
 his death1 he was ,minister at the     
,court of ,tuscany4 ,for bold1          
impassioned declamation1 this extract   
has seldom been equalled4               
--,,strafford1 ,,earl1 whose family name
 was ,wentworth4 ,rene gade1 because    
having at first resisted the arbitrary  
power of ,charles the ,first1 he        
afterwards became so obnoxious to the   
people by his own exercise of arbitrary 
power that he was impeached of high     
treason and executed4  --one man of     
great abilities3 ,,lord ,,lyndhurst1 who
 was born in ,boston1 ,mass41 ,may #ba1 
#aggb4 ,he was the son of the eminent   
portrait and historical painter1 ,john  
,singleton ,copley4  #fh4--;,assaye     
7as-si'71 a small town in ,hindostan1   
where the ,duke of ,wellington commenced
 his career of victory in a battle      
fought ,september #bc1 #ahjc4  #ih4     
,,lxxiii4 ,waterloo3 7waw'-ter-loo17    

battle of1 ,june #ah1 #ahae4            
--,vimeira3 7ve-ma-e-rah17 a town in    
,portugal1 where the ,duke of           
,wellington defeated the ,french1       
,august #ba1 #ahjh4  --,badajos3        
7bad-ah-hoce'7 a town in ,spain1 taken  
from the ,french by the ,duke of        
,wellington1 ,april #f1 #ahab4          
--,salamanca3 7sah-lah-mang'-kah7 a city
 in ,spain near which the ,english1     
under ,wellington totally defeated the  
,french1 under ,marmont and ,clusel1    
,july #bb1 #ahab1  --,albuera3          
7al-boo-a'-rah 7 a town in ,spain where 
the ,british and allies gained a victory
 over the ,french1 ,may #af1 #ahaa4     
--,toulouse3 7too-looz'7 a city in      
,france1 where ,wellington defeated the 
,french under ,soult1 ,april #aj1 #ahad4
  #ii4 ,,lxxiv4 ,,francis ,,wayland1    
,president of ,brown ,university from   
#ahbg until #ahef1 was born at ,new     
,york1 ,march #aa4 #agif4 #aaa4         
,,lxxxiii4 ,edward ,everett was born at 
,dorchester ,mass41 ,april #aa1 #agid1  

took his degree at ,harvard ,college in 
#ahaa1 and was settled over the church  
in ,brattle ,street1 ,boston1 in #ahac4 
,in #ahae1 he was appointed ,professor  
of ,greek ,literature in ,harvard       
,college1 and he devoted the four       
succeeding years to study and travel in 
,europe1 with the view to further       
qualify himself for its duties1 which he
 assumed in #ahai1 with those of editor 
of the ,north ,american ,review4 ,both  
these positions he held till #ahbe when 
his took his seat in ,congress as       
,representative from ,middlesex ,county1
 which he held for ten years4 ,he was   
,governor of ,massachusetts from #ahcf  
until #ahdj4 ,in #ahda he was appointed 
,minister ,plenipotentiary to the ,court
 of ,st4 ,james and on his return home  
in #ahdf1 was elected ,president of     
,harvard ,college1 which position he    
resigned in #ahdi4 ,he succeeded ,mr4   
,webster as ,secretary of ,state1 in    
#aheb1 and in #ahec was chosen to the   
,senate of the ,united ,states1 but soon

 resigned on account of ill health4     
,edward ,everett is the most            
accomplished orator in this country1 and
 he may justly be styled the ,cicero of 
,america4 ,his splendid oration         
pronounced ,august #bf1 #ahbd1 at       
,cambridge1 before the ,society of ,phi 
,beta ,kappa1 closing with the beautiful
 apostrophe to ,lafayette1 who was      
present1 placed him before the public as
 one of the greatest and most           
accomplished orators who had ever       
appeared in ,america4 ,the reputation   
then achieved by him has been steadily  
advancing for forty years4 ,on the      
breaking out of the rebellion1 he at    
once came out boldly in support of the  
,government and the constitution1 and   
during the struggle thus far1 his       
matchless pen1 his eloquent voice1 and  
his great personal influence have been  
employed1 on all proper occasions1 in   
maintaining the cause of his country4   
,three large octavo volumes of his      
orations and occasional speeches have   

been published constituting a body of   
eloquence and learning1 which has been  
surpassed by no other orator in the     
language4  #aaa--;,from an oration      
delivered at ,plymouth1 on the          
anniversary of the landing of the       
,pilgrims3 #bb;d of ,december1 #ahbd4   
#aad4 ,,lxxxvi4 ,from an oration        
delivered at ,bloody ,brook1 in ,south  
,deerfield1 ,mass41 ,september #cj1     
#ahce1 in commemoration of the fall of  
the ,flower of ,essex1 at that spot1 in 
,king ,philip's war1 ,september #ah1 7  
,o4 ,s47 #afge4  #aad4 ,,lxxxvi4 ,mount 
,hope3 a beautiful eminence of ,bristol 
,county1 ,r4 ,i41 on the west shore of  
,mount ,hope ,bay4  #aah4 ,,lxxxviii4   
,nevada1 7na-vah'-dah73 ,antilles1      
7an-teel'73 ,archipelagoes1             
7ar-ke-pel'-a-goze74  #abj ,,xc4 ,from a
 eulogy delivered at ,boston1 ,september
 #ag1 #ahej1 on the occasion of the     
inauguration of the statue of ,daniel   
,webster which stands in front of the   
,state ,house4  #aba4--;,cond 7con-da'73

 ,rocroi1 7ro-kroi'73 ,arbela1          
7ar-bee'-lah74  #abc4 ,,xcii4 ,,john    
,,philpot ,,curran was born at          
,nermarket1 in the county of ,cork1     
,ireland1 ,july #bd1 #agej1 and died at 
,london1 ,october #ad1 #ahag4 ,his voice
 was naturally bad1 and his articulation
 so hasty and confused that he went     
among his school fellows by the name of 
,stuttering ,jack ,curran4 ,his manner  
was awkward his gesture constrained and 
meaningless and his whole appearance    
calculated only to produce laughter1    
notwithstanding the evidence he gave of 
superior abilities4 ,all these faults he
 overcame by severe and patient labor4  
,one of his biographers says1--,his     
oratorical training was as severe as any
 ,greek ever underwent4 ,constantly on  
the watch against bad habits1 he        
practised daily before a glass1 reciting
 passages from ,shakespeare1 ,junius1   
and the best ,english orators4 ,he      
became the most eloquent of all irish   
advocates1 and for more than twenty     

years he had an unrivalled mastery of   
the ,irish bar4 ,he was member of the   
,irish ,house of ,commons from #aghc to 
#agig4 ,in #ahjf1 he was made ,master of
 the ,rolls1 which office he resigned in
 #ahad4  #abg ,,xcv4 ,,charles ,,james  
,,fox was born on the #bd th of         
,january1 #agdi2 was educated at ,eton  
,college and ,oxford ,university4 ,he   
was fond of the classics and took up    
,demosthenes as he did the speeches of  
,lord ,chatham4 ,as an orator he was    
much indebted to the study of the ,greek
 writers1 for the simplicity of his     
tastes1 his entire abstinence from      
everthing like mere ornament1 the       
terseness of his style1 the point and   
stringency of his reasonings1 and the   
all-pervading cast of intellect which   
distinguishes his speeches even in the  
most vehement bursts of impassioned     
feeling4 ,but his tastes were too       
exclusively literary4 ,he could discuss 
,greek metres with ,porson1 but he had  
little acquaintance with the foundations

 of jurisprudence1 or the laws of trade2
 and he always felt the want of an early
 training in scientific investigation1  
correspondent to that he re ceived in   
classical literature4 ,he took his seat 
in ,parliament in #agfh4 ,he was the    
first man in the ,house of ,commons1 who
 took the ground of denying the right of
 ,parliament to tax the colonies without
 their consent1 and he went on          
identifying himself more and more to the
 end of life with the popular part of   
the ,constitution1 and with the cause of
 free principles throughout the world1  
aiming always amid all the conflicts of 
party to widen the base of freedom1--to 
infuse and circulate the spirit of      
liberty4 ,he made it a point to speak on
 every question that came up1 whether   
interested in it or not1 as a means of  
exercising and training his faculties1  
for he was bent on making himself a     
powerful debater4 ,his love of argument 
was perhaps the most striking trait of  
his character1 and he rose1 said ,mr4   

,burke1 by slow degrees to be the most  
brilliant and accomplished debater the  
world ever saw4 ,there was nothing      
strained or unnatural in his most       
vehement bursts of passion1 his feeling1
 says ,coleridge1 was all intellect1 and
 his intellect was all feeling4 ,in his 
language1 ,mr4 ,fox studied simplicity1 
strength1 and boldness4 ,give me an     
elegant ,latin and a homely ,saxon word1
 says he1  and ,i will always choose the
 latter4 ,he died on the #acth          
,september1 #ahjf1 and was buried with  
the highest honors of the nation1 in    
,westminster ,abbey4  #abg4 ,,xcv4 ,this
 extract is from his speech on the      
rejection of ,bonaparte's overtures for 
peace which was delivered ,february     
#c;d1 #ahjj and was considered by most  
who heard it as the ablest speech he    
ever made4 ,this selection is a fine    
illustration of the use of the          
circumflex slides4  ---,suwarrow3 a     
,russian general4 ,praga3 7prah'-gah74  
#abi4 ,,xcvi4 ,utrecht1 7yoo'-trekt73   

,blenheim1 7blen'-hime74  #aca4         
,,xcviii4 ,,john ,,quincy ,,adams1 son  
of ,john ,adams1 the second ,president1 
was born at ,braintree1 ,mass41 on the  
#aath of ,july1 #agfg4 ,he took his     
degree at ,harvard ,college in #aghg1 a 
year after his admission1 having been   
prepared for an advanced class1 in      
,europe1 where he had previously resided
 for several years4 ,he studied law with
 ,theophilus ,parsons4 at ,newburyport1 
and commenced practice in #agij4 ,he was
 a member of the ,senate of the ,united 
,states from #ahjc until #ahjh4 ,in     
#ahjf he was appointed ,boylston        
,professor of ,rhetoric in ,harvard     
,college1 which office he held for three
 years4 ,in #ahaj he was appointed      
,minister to ,russia1 where he remained 
until #ahae1 when with other            
,commissioners he negotiated the treaty 
of peace with ,england at ,ghent1 and   
was appointed ,minister to that country 
in the same year1 a post which his      
father had occupied before him1 and     

which is now so ably filled by his son1 
,charles ,francis4 ,he served as        
,secretary of ,state during the         
administration of ,monroe1 whom he      
succeeded in the ,presidency4 ,on his   
retirement from the ,chief ,magistracy1 
he was elected to represent his native  
district in the ,house of               
,representatives1 until his death1 which
 occurred the #bc;d of ,february1 #ahdh4
 ,his career as a member of the ,house  
was distinguished for his fearless and  
uncompromising defence of the right of  
petition1 and for his bold and effective
 opposition to the usurpation of the    
slave power4  #acc4 ,,xcix4 ,gracchi3   
7grak'-ki7 two distinguished ,romans1   
sons of ,cornelia4  #ace4 ,,ci4 ,,joseph
 ,,warren1 the first great martyr in the
 cause of independence1 was born at     
,roxbury1 ,mass41 ,june #aath1 #agda1   
and was killed at the battle of ,bunker 
,hill1 ,june #ag1 #agge4 ,general       
,warren acted as a volunteer at the     
battle of ,bunker ,hill1 serving as a   

private in the ranks in the redoubt     
having borrowed a musket from a         
sergeant4 ,when urged against hazarding 
his life on that day1 be replied        
enthusiastically1--,dulce et decorum est
 pro patria mori4  #ada4 ,,cv4 ,,william
 ,,pitt1 the younger1 was born on the   
#bhth of ,may1 #agei1 and was the second
 son of ,lord ,chatham4 ,he was educated
 at ,cambridge university1 where he     
continued nearly seven years1 devoting  
his attention mainly to three things2   
namely1 the classics1 mathematics and   
the logic of ,aristotle applied to the  
purposes of debate4 ,in early life his  
whole soul seems to have been absorbed  
by one idea--that of becoming a         
distinguished orator4 ,multum haud      
multa1 was his motto in most of his     
studies for life4 ,this language gave   
direction to most of his reading in     
,english ,literature2 he had the finest 
parts of ,shakspeare by heart2 he read  
the best historians with great care2 he 
entered ,parliament in #agha1 and at a  

single bound when only twenty-two years 
of age1 he placed himself in the        
foremost rank of ,english statesmen and 
orators1 at the proudest era of ,english
 eloquence4 ,he was made ,prime ,minis  
ter at the age of twenty-four1 and he   
continued to fill the first place in the
 councils of his country during most of 
the remaining period of his life1 which 
terminated on the #bc;d of ,january1    
#ahjf1 in the #dgth year of his age4 ,as
 a debater in the ,house1 his speeches  
were logical and argumentative4 ,the    
strength of his oratory was intrinsic1  
and his speeches were stamped with the  
inimitable marks of originality4 ,this  
extract was taken from a4 speech of the 
abolition of the slavetrade1 in the     
,house of ,commons1 #agib1 which is     
regarded as one of the most brilliant   
displays of his eloquence4  #adc4 ,,cvi4
 ,,horace ,,mann was born at ,franklin1 
,mass4 ,may #agif1 and gradu ated at1   
,brown ,university1 in #ahai1 with the  
highest honors4 ,after a successful     

career as a politician having served in 
both branches of the ,legislature1 on   
the organization of the ,board of       
,education in ,massachusetts1 on the    
#bith of ,june1 #ahcg ,mr4 ,mann was    
elected its ,secretary1 which office he 
continued to fill with great ability1   
for twelve years4 ,his twelve ,annual   
,reports to the ,board of ,education    
probably constitute the most readable   
and instructive series of educational   
documents which has been produced by one
 mind in any language4 ,on his          
retirement from the ,secretaryship1 he  
was elected ,representative to ,congress
 to fill the vacancy caused by the death
 of ,john ,quincy ,adams4 ,having served
 in ,congress two terms1 he again       
returned to the educational field by    
accepting the ,presidency of ,antioch   
,college1 at ,yellow ,springs1 ,ohio1   
where he died4  #add4 ,,cvii4 ,,daniel  
,,webster was born at ,salisbury1 ,n4   
,h41 on the #ahth of ,january1 #aghb1   
and graduated at ,dartmouth ,college1 in

 #ahja4 ,his college life was           
distinguished by assiduous and various  
studies4 ,he was admitted to the bar in 
#ahje1 and commenced the practice of law
 in his native town1 but soon after     
removed to ,portsmouth4 ,he removed to  
,boston in #ahaf1 and died at           
,marshfield1 ,mass41 ,october1 #aheb4   
,he was the first orator1 the first     
,jurist1 and the first statesman of his 
generations in ,america4 ,his most      
famous forensic per formance1 was his   
argument in the ,dartmouth ,college     
case4 ,his greatest parliamentary effort
 was his second speech on ,foote's      
resolution2 and his most important      
diplomatic service was his negotiation  
of the treaty of ,washington1 in #ahdb4 
,his speeches and orations have been    
published in six volumes1 with an       
admirable memoir1 by ,mr4 ,everett4     
#aeg4 ,,cxvi4 ,this ,will3 of ,stephen  
,girard1 of ,philadelphia1 providing for
 the founding of a college for orphans4 
#afj4 ,,cxviii4 ,this selection is the  

peroration to ,mr4 ,webster's second    
speech on ,foote's resolution4  #afe4   
,,cxxii4 ,this extract is taken from the
 address delivered by ,mr4 ,webster on  
the occasion of laying the corner-stone 
of the extension of the ,national       
,capitol4  #afh4 ,,cxxiv4 ,from the     
address on the laying of the            
corner-stone of ,bunker ,hill ,monument1
 at ,charleston1 ,mass41 the #agth of   
,june1 #ahbe4  #agj4 ,,cxxv4 ,,william  
,,pitt1 first ,earl of ,chatham1 was    
born at ,london1 on the #aeth of        
,november1 #agjh4 ,he became a member of
 ,parliament in #agce1 at the age of    
twenty-six1 and was made ,secretary of  
,state in ,december1 #agef1 which office
 he continued to hold1 with a brief     
interval1 until ,october1 #agfa4 ,he was
 appointed to the office of ,lord ,privy
 ,seal in #agff1 and elevated to the    
peerage with the title of ,earl         
,chatham4 ,he died at ,hayes1 in ,kent1 
on the #aath of ,may1 #aggh in the      
seventieth year of his age4 ,his        

devotion to the interest of the great   
body1 especially the middling classes1  
of the ,english nation1 won for him the 
title of the ,great commoner4 ,he       
consecrated his great talents and       
commanding eloquence to the defense of  
the popular part of the ,constitution4  
,in the latter part of his life1 though 
suffering much from bodily infirmities1 
he was the champion of the ,american    
cause1 standing forth1 in presence of   
the whole ,british empire1 to arraign1  
as a breach of the ,constitution every  
attempt to tax a people who had no      
representative in ,parliament4 ,this was
 the era of his noblest efforts in      
oratory4 ,he has been generally regarded
 as the most powerful orator of modern  
times4 ,his success1 no doubt was owing 
in part to his extraordinary personal   
advantages4 ,in his best days before he 
was crippled by the gout1 his figure was
 tall and erect2 his attitude imposing2 
his gestures energetic even to          
vehemence1 yet tempered with dignity and

 grace4 ,his voice was full and clear2  
his loudest whisper was distinctly      
heard2 his middle notes were sweet and  
beautifully varied2 and1 when he        
elevated his voice to its highest pitch1
 the ,house was completely filled with  
the volume of sound4 ,the effect was    
awful1 except when he wished to cheer or
 animate2 then he had spiritstirring    
notes which were perfectly irresistible4
 ,but although gifted by nature with a  
fine voice and person1 he spared1 no    
effort to add everything that art could 
confer1 for his improvement as an       
orator4  #agd ,,cxxviii4 ,,henry ,,clay 
was born in ,virginia1 ,april #ab1      
#aggg1 and died at ,washington1 ,june   
#bi1 #aheb4 ,in early life his          
advantages of education were limited4   
,he commenced the practice of the law in
 #agig4 ,his political career began in  
#ahjc1 and ended in #aheb4 ,he was twice
 ,speaker of the ,national ,house of    
,representatives4 ,in #ahad1 he was one 
of the commissioners to negotiate the   

,treaty of ,ghent4 ,he represented the  
,state of ,kentucky in the ,united      
,states ,senate at various periods from 
#ahjf till #aheb4 ,he was ,secretary of 
,state during the administration of     
,john ,quincy ,adams1 and he was three  
times the unsuccessful ,whig candidate  
for the ,presidency4 ,he was a man of   
the warmest sympathies1 and he          
captivated the hearts of all who came in
 contact with him4 ,he was a patriot1   
and willingly sacrificed private        
preference to public good4 ,he said     
truly in his valedictory address to the 
,senate1--,in all my public acts1 ,i    
have had a single eye directed and a    
warm and devoted heart dedicated to     
what1 in my best judgment1 ,i believed  
the true interest1 the honor1 the union1
 and the happiness of my country        
required4 ,he was a consummate orator4  
,in his manner he united the gentleness 
of woman with the pride and dignity of  
the haughtiest manhood4 ,his style was  
full flowing1 and manly2 and his voice  

was sonorous1 sweet1 and powerful4      
#ahc4 ,,cxxxvi4 ,,eliphalet ,,nott was  
born in ,connecticut1 in #aggc and is   
now upwards of ninety years of age4 ,he 
has occupied the office of ,president of
 ,union ,college for about sixty years4 
,the eloquent discourse on the death of 
,hamilton was delivered at ,albany1 in  
#ahjd4  #aij4 ,,cxl4 ,,john ,,hancock1  
,president of the ,american ,congress in
 #aggf1 and ,signer of the ,declaration1
 was born in ,massachusetts in #agci1   
and died in #agic4 ,this extract is from
 an oration delivered ,march #eth on the
 anniversary of the massacre of ,boston 
citizens by ,british soldiers1 which    
took place four years before4  #aia4    
,,cxli4 ,,edmund ,,burke1 who was       
preminently the great philosophical     
orator of our language1 was born at     
,dublin ,january #a4 #agcj1 and died at 
,beaconsfield1 near ,london1 ,july #ith1
 #agig4 ,his political career commenced 
in the ,house of ,commons1 of which body
 he was a member during the greater part

 of his subsequent life4 ,he wrote out  
six of his great speeches1 the last of  
which was that on the ,nabob of ,arcot's
 debts4 ,he was strenuously opposed to  
the ,american war1 and two of his       
greatest speeches that on the ,stamp    
,act1 and that on ,conciliation with    
,america1 supported the cause of the    
colonies4 ,of the latter1 ,mr4 ,everett 
says1--,it was less than a month before 
the commencement of hostilities1 that   
,burke pronounced that truly divine     
oration on ',conciliation with          
,america1' which in my poor judgment1   
excels everything1 in the form of       
eloquence1 that has come down to us from
 ,greece or ,rome4 ,and he said         
further1--,certainly1 no compositions in
 the ,english tongue can take precedence
 of those of ,burke1 in depth of        
thought1 reach of forecast1 or          
magnificence of style4 4 4 4 4 ,in      
political disquisition elaborated in the
 closet1 the palm must perhaps be       
awarded to ,burke over all others1      

ancient or modern4  #bjc4 ,,cl4 ,plata1 
7 pla-te'-a73 ,artmisium                
7ar-te-me'-ze-um74  #bbj4 ,,clxii4 ,,sir
 ,,walter ,,scott was born at           
,edinburgh1 ,scotland1 ,august #ae1     
#agaa1 and died at2 ,abbotsford1 his    
country seat1 on the banks of the       
,tweed1 ,september #ba1 #ahcb4 ,he      
passed through the ,high ,school and    
,university of his native city without  
attaining any marked distinction as a   
scholar4 ,he made some proficiency in   
,latin1 ethics and history1 but he had  
no taste for ,greek4 ,he acquired a     
general1 though not a critical          
knowledge1 of the ,german1 ,french1     
,italian1 and ,spanish languages4 ,but  
from early youth he was an insatiable   
reader1 and he stored his mind with a   
vast fund of miscellaneous knowledge4   
,romances were among his chief          
favorites1 and he had great facility in 
inventing and telling stories4 ,he      
became greatly distinguished as a poet  
before he commenced his career as a     

novelist4 ,his first great poem1 the    
,lay of the ,last ,minstrel1 published  
in #ahje1 was received with enthusiastic
 admiration1 and at once stamped him as 
a poetical genius4 ,the appearance of   
,marmion1 in #ahjh greatly enhanced his 
reputation as a poet1 and the ,lady of  
the ,lake1 which came out two years     
later1 was still more popular4 ,here he 
touched his highest point in poetical   
composition4 ,his subsequent poems      
certainly added nothing to his          
reputation1 if1 indeed they sustained   
it4 ,but1 as the old mine gave symptoms 
of exhaustion1 says ,bulwer1 the new    
mine1 ten times more affluent at least  
in the precious metals1 was discovered4 
,in #ahad he commenced that long and    
magnificent series of prose fictions    
which for seventeen years were poured   
out with an unprecedented prodigality1  
and which can onlv be compared with the 
dramas of ,shakspeare1 as presenting an 
endless variety of original characters  
scenes historical situations and        

adventures4 ,in #ahbf1 he became        
bankrupt1 in consequence of a           
partnership with a printer and          
publisher1 and1 although fifty-five     
years old1 he undertook the heroic task 
of discharging his heavy pecuniary      
liabilities by the productions of his   
pen4 ,in six years of intense literary  
labor1 he nearly accomplished his noble 
object1 but before he reached the goal1 
he sank exhausted on the course4 ,in the
 portion of his life1 from his          
bankruptcy to his death1 says ,mr4      
,hillard1 ,scott's character shines with
 a moral grandeur far above mere        
literary fame4  #bbb4 ,,clxiv4 ,from the
 poem ,marmion4---,tantallon's towers3  
the ruins of ,tantallon ,castle occupy a
 high rock projecting into the ,german  
,ocean about two miles east of ,north   
,berwick1 in the southeastern part of   
,scotland4  #bbc4--;,,douglas1          
,,archibald1 ,earl of ,angus1 a man     
remarkable for strength of body and     
mind1 who died broken-hearted at        

calamities which befell his house and   
country at ,flooden4  #bbd4 ,,clxv4     
,pibroch1 7pi'-brok74 ,in ,scotland1 a  
,highland air played on the bagpipe     
before the ,highlanders when they go out
 to battle4---,doneuil ,dhu1 7donnil    
du73 ,mac,donald the ,black4  #bcj4     
,,clxix4 ,parrhasius1 7par-ra'-zhius73  
,prometheus1 7pro-me'-thuse73 ,caucasus1
 7caw'-ca'-sus73 lame ,lemnian3 ,vulcan1
 the artisan of the ,olympian gods4     
#bcb4 ,,clxx4 ,,mrs4 ,,felicia ,,hemans1
 an admirable woman and sweet hostess1  
was born at ,liverpool1 ,england4       
,september #be1 #agic and died ,may #af1
 #ahce4 ,her maiden name was ,browne4   
,she was married to ,captain ,hemans an 
officer in the ,british ,army1 but the  
union was not a happy one4 ,her         
imagination was chivalrous and romantic1
 and she delighted in picturing the     
ancient martial glory of ,england4 ,the 
purity of her mind is seen in all her   
works4 ,though popular1 and in many     
respects excellent1 her poetry is       

calculated to please the fancy rather   
than to make a deep and lasting         
impression4  #bcb4 ,,clxx4 ,a true      
story4 ,young ,casabianca1 a boy        
thirteen years old1 son of the commander
 of the ,orient1 remained at his post1  
in the battle of the ,nile after the    
ship bad taken fire and all the guns had
 been abandoned1 and was blown up with  
the vessel when the flames reached the  
magazine4  #bei4 ,,clxxxvi4 ,the ,royal 
,george1 of #ajh guns1 whilst undergoing
 a partial ca reening in ,portsmouth    
,harbor1 ,england1 was overset about    
#aj1 ,a4 ,m4 ,august #bi1 #aghb4 ,the   
total loss was believed to be near #ajjj
 souls4  #bfc4 ,,cxc4 ,,thomas          
,,babington ,,macaulay was born in the  
county of ,leicester1 ,england1 ,october
 #be1 #ahjj1 and died ,december1 #bh1   
#ahei4 ,he was educated at ,cambridge   
,university4 ,he was several times      
elected member of ,parliament and for   
several years he served the government  
in ,india as member of the ,supreme     

,council4 ,but his fame rests mainly on 
his literary productions1 the principal 
of which is his ,history of ,england    
whose popularity has never been exceeded
 by any other historical work in the    
language4 ,his essays1 which have been  
collected and published in six volumes1 
are remarkable for brilliancy of style  
and richness of matter4 ,as a           
descriptive poet he has ex-hibited high 
genius in his ,lays of ,ancient ,rome4  
,his ,battle of ,ivry has the true      
trumpet-ring which kindles the soul and 
stirs the blood4--,ivry 7ee'-vree73 a   
town in ,france where ,henry ,,iv4      
gained a decisive victory over ,mayenne1
 #aeij4--oriflamme1 7or'-e-flam73 the   
ancient royal standard of               
,france4---,mayenne1 ,duke3 commander of
 the army of the ,league4---,remember   
,saint ,bartholomew3 the massacre on    
,saint ,bartholomew's ,eve1 ,august #bc1
 #aegb4  #bfe4 ,,cxci4                  
,bingen17been'-ghen74  #bgd4 ,,cxcvii4  
,,samuel ,,taylor ,,coleridge1 a man    

remarkable for his rich poetical        
imagination his unrivalled colloquial   
eloquence1 and his superior critical    
powers was born in ,devonshire1         
,england1 ,october #bj1 #aggb1 and died 
,july #be1 #ahcd4 ,he was educated at   
,christ's ,hospital1 ,london1 where he  
had ,charles ,lamb for a school-fellow1 
and at ,jesus' ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,he
 afterwards acquired a knowledge of the 
,german language and literature at      
,ratzburg and ,gottingen1 ,in early life
 he was a ,unitarian and a ,jacobin1 but
 he subsequently became a ,trinitarian  
and a ,royalist4 ,those who knew him    
thought him equal to any task2 he       
planned great works in prose and verse  
which he never executed4 ,his poetical  
works1 of which his ,ancient ,mariner is
 the most striking and original1 have   
been collected and published in three   
volumes4 ,his language is often rich and
 musical1 highly figurative and ornate4 
,his ,ode on ,france was considered by  
,shelley to be the finest ,english ode  

of modern times4 ,his ,hymn on ,chamouni
 is equally lofty and brilliant4  #bgd4 
,,cxcvii4 ,chamouni1 7sha-moo'-ne73 a   
valley in the ,sardinian ,states1       
bounded on the south by ,mont ,blanc1   
the most remarkable for its picturesque 
sites and the wild grandeur of its      
glaciers4---,arve1 7arve72 a rapid river
 flowing into the ,rhone4               
#bgg4--;,hierarch1 7hi'-e-rark 74  #bhc4
 ,,ccii4 ,,william ,,collins1 whose     
poems though small in number are rich in
 vivid imagery and beautiful            
description1 was born in ,chichester1   
,england1 ,december #be1 #agbj1 and died
 in #agef4 ,his odes are acknowledged to
 be the best of their kind in the       
language4 ,his finest lyric is his ,ode 
on the ,passions1 which has been called 
a magnificent gallery of allegorical    
paintings4  #bhg4 ,,cciv4 ,,john        
,,dryden1 one of the great masters of   
,english verse1 was born in             
,northamptonshire1 ,england1 ,august1   
#afca1 and died ,may #a1 #agjj4 ,his    

,life1 by ,johnson1 is regarded as the  
most carefully written1 the most        
eloquent and discriminating of all the  
,lives of the ,poets4 ,his ,life was    
also written by ,sir ,walter ,scott1 who
 edited a complete edition of his works1
 in eighteen volumes4--,st4 ,cecilia3   
the patron-saint of music1 and the      
reputed inventress of the organ4  #bih4 
,,ccx4 ,,thomas ,,campbell was born at  
,glasgow1 ,scotland1 ,july #bg1 #aggg1  
and died at ,boulogne1 ,france1 ,june   
#ae1 #ahdd4 ,he was educated at the     
university of his native city1 and      
afterwards studied ,greek in ,germany   
under the learned ,processor ,heyne4    
,after travelling on the continent he   
took up his residence in ,london in     
#ahjc1 and devoted himself to literature
 as a profession4 ,in #agii1 at the     
earlyage of twenty-two years1 he        
published ,the ,pleasures of ,hope1 a   
poem of great merit1 which captivated   
all hearts by its exquisite melody1 its 
polished diction and its generous and   

lofty sentiments4 ,his second great     
poem1 ,gertrude of ,wyoming1 a          
,pennsylvania ,tale1 was published in   
#ahji4 ,his genius shines most          
conspicuously in his shorter poems1 his 
war-songs or lyrics1 and his ballads1   
which have been said to form the richest
 offering ever made by poetry at the    
shrine of patriotism4 ,mr4 ,hillard says
 of him1--,no poet of our times has     
contributed so much in proportion to the
 extent of his writings1 to that stock  
of established quotations which pass    
from lip to lip1 and from pen to pen1   
without any thought as to their origin4 
#cjc4 ,,ccxiv4 ,this fine passage is    
from the ,pleasures of ,hope--pandours1 
7pan-dorz'71 the o as in move2 the metre
 of the line requires the accent on the 
first syllable3 infantry soldiers in the
 service of ,austria1 from districts    
near ,pandur1 in ,hungary4--hussars1    
7hooz'-zarz73 light-armed ,hungarian    
horse-soldiers4  #cjd4--,kosciusko1     
7kos-ci-us'-ko73 a ,polish patriot and  

hero1 who served on ,washington's staff 
in the war of the ,revolution4 ,in the  
battle which decided the fate of        
,poland1 in #agid1 he fell from his     
horse covered with wounds1 and was made 
prisoner by the enemy4 ,he died in      
,france1 in #ahag4  #cje4 ,,ccxv4       
,hohenlinden3 7hohen1 high2 linden1     
lime-trees17 the name of a village in   
upper ,bavaria1 twenty miles east of    
,munich celebrated for the victory of   
the ,french and ,bavarians1 under       
,moreau1 over the ,austrians under      
,archduke ,john1 ,december #c1 #ahjj4   
,this battle was witnessed by the poet  
,campbell from the monastery of ,st4    
,jacob4 ,in a letter written at this    
time1 ,he says3 ,the sight of           
,ingoldstadt in ruins1 and ,hohenlindcn 
covered with fire1 seven miles in       
circumference1 were spectacles never to 
be forgotten4 ,he has immortalized that 
conflict in these inimitable stanzas    
which form one of the grandest          
battle-pieces that ever were drawn4     

#cje4 ,,ccxv1 ,iser1 7e'-zer73 the name 
of a river in the vicinity of           
,holhenlinden4--,frank3 the ancient name
 of the ,french4--,hun3 a name applied  
to the barbarous people of ,scythia who 
conquered and gave name to              
,hungary4--,munich1 7mu'-nik74  #cad4   
,,ccxxiii4 ,this is considered one of   
the best martial lyrics in the language4
 ,its author1 ,,fitz-,,greene ,,halleck1
 was born at ,gifford1 in ,conn41       
,august1 #agie4 ,he has written but very
 little1 but that little is of such     
excellence as to make us regret that he 
has not written more4--,marco ,bozzaris1
 7bot-sah'-ris73 the most famous hero of
 modern ,greece1 fell in a night attack 
on the ,turkish camp at ,lapsi1 the site
 of the ancient ,plata1 ,august #bj1    
#ahbc1 and expired in the moment of     
victory4 ,his last words were3--,to die 
for liberty is a pleasure1 and not a    
pain4  #cae4--,old ,plata's ,day3 ,b4   
,c4 #dgi1 when the ,greeks1 under       
,aristides and ,pausanias1 defeated the 

,persians with great slaughter4  #cag4  
,,ccxxiv4 ,,joseph ,,rodman ,,drake was 
born at ,new ,york ,august #g1 #agie1   
and died ,september #ba1 #ahbj4 ,the    
most popular of his poems is the        
spirited ode1 ,the ,american ,flag1     
though his fame rests chiefly on the    
,culprit ,fay1 a poem of exquisite fancy
 and artistic execution4  #cah4         
,,ccxviii4 ,old ,ironsides3 the frigate 
,constitution4 ,this poem was written   
when it was proposed to break her up and
 convert her into a receiving ship1 as  
unfit for service4  #cba4 ,,ccxxvi4     
,,charles ,,wolfe was born at ,dublin1  
,ireland1 ,december #ad1 #agia1 and died
 ,february #ba1 #ahbc4---,sir ,john     
,moore a ,british general1 was killed at
 ,corunna1 in ,spain1 in a battle       
between the ,french and ,english        
,january #af1  #ahji4 ,he was wrapped in
 his military cloak and buried by night 
in a hasty grave on the ramparts of the 
town4  #cce4 ,,ccxxxvi4 ,from the last  
canto of ,childe ,harold4 ,compare this 

with the splendid prose poem by ,dr4    
,swains page #cif4  #ccf4--;,armada1    
7ar-mah'-da73a naval or military        
armament espacially applied to the fleet
 sent by ,spain against ,england1 #aehh1
 which was dispersed and shattered by a 
storm4--,trafalgar1 7traf-al-gar'73 a   
cape on the coast of ,spain1 memorable  
for the great naval victory of the      
,english under ,nelson1 who was killed  
in the action1 over the ,french and     
,spanish fleets1 ,october #ba1 #ahje4   
#cee4 ,,ccl4 ,from a lecture on ,the    
,eloquence of ,revolutionary ,periods1  
delivered in ,boston before the         
,mechanic ,apprentices' ,association1   
,february #ai1 #aheg4  #cef4 ,,ccli4    
,from the same as above4                
#ceg4--,mirabeau1 7me'-rah-boe''73 the  
greatest of ,french orators4 ,bema3 a   
raised place in ,athens whence the      
orators addressed assemblies of the     
people4  #ceh4 ,,cclii4 ,from an oration
 delivered in ,boston1 ,july #e1 #aheh1 
before the ,boston ,democratic ,club1   

his last address on general political   
interests4  #cfj4 ,,cclv4 ,from a speech
 on ,boston ,common1 in the autumn of   
#ahfa1 on the occasion of presenting a  
flag to the #bb;d ,regiment of          
,massachusetts ,volunteers1 commanded by
 ,senator ,wilson4  #cfa4 ,,cclvi4 ,from
 a speech on ,boston ,common in #ahfa1  
at a grand rally of ,union men to       
promote enlistments to put down the     
rebellion4  #cfe4 ,,cclviii4 ,from an   
oration delivered on the #dth of ,july1 
#ahfa1 before the municipal authorities 
of ,boston4  #chg4 ,,cclxxiv4 ,from an  
address delivered before the ,norfolk   
,county ,agricultural ,society1         
,september1 #ahfc4  #chh4 ,,cclxxv4     
,from an oration delivered at ,roxbury1 
before the municipal authorities of the 
city1 ,february #bb1 #ahfd4  #cia4      
,,cclxxvi4 ,from an address by ,governor
 ,andrew1 to both branches of the       
legislature1 at the opening of the      
session1 ,january1 #ahfc4  #cib4        
,,cclxxvii4 ,from an address before both

 branches of the ,legislature1 at the   
opening of the session1 ,january1 #ahfd4
  #cic4 ,,cclxxviii4 ,from a speech     
delivered in #ahfa on the occasion of   
presenting a flag to the ,second        
,regiment of ,volunteers4  #cif4        
,,cclxxx4 ,from a discourse recently    
delivered by the author1 in his own     
pulpit at ,providence1 on his return    
from a voyage to ,europe4  #djd4        
,,cclxxxvi4 ,from the author's speeches 
in the memorable canvass with ,douglas  
for the senatorship in ,illinois4  #djf4
 ,,cclxxxvii4 ,this extract and the     
succeeding one1 are from the author's   
last great speech delivered at          
,springfield1 ,illinois1 in #ahfa4      
#dbc4 ,,ccxcviii4 ,,george ,,thompson1  
the great ,english agitator and         
anti-slavery leader delivered numerous  
addresses in different parts of         
,england1 during the summer of #ahfc1 in
 defence of the ,american cause4 ,this  
extract1 from one delivered at          
,carlisle1 ,england1 was written out by 

the author1 especially for this book4   
#dcc4 ,,cccv4 ,this extract and the two 
following were taken from an oration    
delivered ,july #d1 #ahfc1 before the   
municipal authorities of ,boston4  #ddj4
 ,,cccxi4 ,from a eulogy on ,webster1   
delivered in ,boston1 ,september #ag1   
#ahei1 on the occasion of the           
inauguration of his statue1 in front of 
the ,state ,house4  #dda4 ,,cccxii4     
,from an oration delivered at the       
,dedication of the ,soldiers' ,national 
,cemetery at ,gettysburg1 ,november #ai1
 #ahfc4  #ddi4 ,,cccxvii4 ,from a speech
 delivered in ,tremont ,temple1 ,boston1
 #ahfb4  #dea4 ,,cccxviii4 ,from a      
speech delivered in ,new ,orleans1 at a 
grand celebration1 on the occasion of   
the election of a ,union ,governor4     
#dee4 ,,cccxxi4 ,from a discourse       
delivered in ,boston1 before the        
,ancient and honorable ,artillery       
,company1 at their anniversary1 ,june1  
#ahfa4  #dfb4 ,,cccxxvi4 ,suggested by  
the ,president's first call for         

volunteers1 ,april #af1 #ahfa4 ,the     
fabulous bell ,roland1 of ,ghent1 was an
 object of great affection to the people
 because it rang them to arms when      
,liberty was in danger4  #dfh ,,cccxxix4
 ,,gail ,,hamilton1 the nom de plume of 
,miss ,abigail ,dodge1 a popular        
authoress1 who resides in the town of   
,hamilton ,mass4  #dgb4 ,,cccxxxi4      
,ziska's hunted flock1 7shish'-ka73 the 
,hussites in ,bohemia4--,toussaint      
,l',ouverture1 the great ,st4 ,domingo  
chief1 an unmixed4 negro1 with no drop  
of white blood in his veins1 having been
 treacherously arrested by his ,french  
foe1 he was taken to ,france1 and then  
sent by ,napoleon to the ,castle of ,st4
 ,joux1 to a dungeon twelve feet by     
twenty1 built wholly of stone1 where he 
was finally left to starve to death4    
#dgh4 ,,cccxxxv4 ,on ,saturday1 the #gth
 of ,march1 #ahfb1 the ,united ,states  
sloopof-war ,cumberland1 commanded by   
,captain ,morris1 was sunk in ,hampton  
,roads1 by the ,confederate iron-clad4  

,merrimac1 her men firing a broadside as
 she went down1 with her flag flying4   
#dij4 ,,cccxliv4 ,the subject of these  
stanzas was ,ormsby ,mc,knight          
,mitchell1 a distinguished astronomer1  
and major-general of volunteers in the  
,united ,states service1 who was born in
 ,kentucky1 ,august #bh1 #ahaj1 and died
 at ,beaufort1 ,s4 ,c41 ,october #cj1   
#ahfb4 ,he was commander of the         
department of the ,south1 and was making
 preparations for a vigorous campaign   
when he fell a victim to the yellow     
fever4  #dic4 ,,cccxlvi4 ,this is one of
 the finest productions which the       
present crisis has called forth4        
,general ,banks1 in his official report 
of the assault on the fortifications of 
,port ,hudson1 on ,may #bgth1 thus      
speaks of the negro troops3 ,on the     
extreme right of our line ,i posted the 
#ast and #b;d regiments of negro troops4
 4 4 4 4 ,the position occupied by these
 troops was one of importance and called
 for the utmost steadiness and bravery  

in those to whom it was confided4 ,it   
gives me pleasure to report that they   
answered every expectation4 ,in many    
respects their conduct was heroic1--no  
troops could1 be more determined or more
 daring4 ,they made during the day1     
three charges upon the batteries of the 
enemy1 suffering very heavy losses1 and 
holding their positon at nightfall with 
the other troops on the right of our    
lines4 ,the highest commendation is     
bestowed upon them by all the officers  
in command on the right4 ,and thus the  
question which had been so often asked1 
,will the negroes fight8 was answered1  
and settled1 and ever since our brave   
white soldiers have been glad to        
,hail them as comrades tried4  #eaa4    
,,ccclv4 ,c4 ,f4 ,,brown1 the comic     
writer1 known as ,artemus ,ward4