,transcrib]'s ,note    ,italic text     
display$ z3 italic            ,,an>*y   
,illu/ration3 ,tree        by ,rob]t    
,le,fevre            ,copyright #aiei1  
by ,rob]t ,le,fevre      ,p]mission to  
repr9t 9 :ole or 9 "p    grant$ )\t     
special reque/4      ,,pr9t$ ,,9        
,,colorado ,,spr+s1 ,u4,s4,a4           
,publi%$ ,june1 #aiei      ,libr>y (    
,congress ,catalog ,c>d ,numb]3         
#ei-acdhj        ,,! ,,fre$om ,,s*ool   
,p4,o4 ,box #afe    ,colorado ,spr+s1   
,colorado          ,,editor',s ,,note   
,rob]t ,le,fevre1 presid5t & f\nd] ( !  
,fre$om ,s*ool1 has also  s]v$ z !      
editorial writ] = ! ,gazette ,telegraph 
9 ,colorado  ,spr+s1 s9ce #aied4 ,9     
addition to sev]al ?\s& editorials1 he  
has writt5 num]\s articles = ! ,freeman 
,magaz9e1 includ+3  8,! ,/raight ,l9e10 
8,jim ,leadbett]'s ,discov]y10 8,%ades (
  ,hammurabi10 8,gras%opp]s & ,wid[s10 &
 8,co]cion at ! ,local  ,level40    ,8  
article 8,ev5 ! ,girl ,sc\ts0 7,human   
,ev5ts1 #aiec7 l$ to a recall  ( !      

,h&book ( ?is organization & ext5sive   
revisions4 ,8 book1  8,! ,nature ( ,man 
& ,8 ,gov]nm5t10 has rec5tly be5 publi%$
 by  ,caxton ,pr9t]s1 ,caldwell1 ,idaho4
          ,,an>*y      ,a rational be+1 
int5t ^u le>n+ ! nature ( lib]ty or     
fre$om1 is confront$ almo/ at once )    
innum]able in/ances (  gov]nm5tal       
pr$ation aga9/ lib]ty4    ,z ! subject (
 lib]ty is pursu$1 ! m frequ5tly & ! m  
p]si/5tly ! fact em]ges t gov]nm5ts h   
be5 "o ( !  pr9cipal oppon5ts if n !    
only pr9cipal oppon5t to lib]ty4        
,inv>iably1 ?is discov]y leads ! p]spir+
 seek] aft] tru? to a  =k 9 ! road4 ,is 
x possible1 ! aspirant to lib]t>ian     
c]ta9ty  asks himself1 to pursue ! end (
 ! ra9b[ ( lib]ty into a miasma  (      
quicks& & unc]ta9ty8    ,might ,i n end 
at a place :]e ,i w\ld advocate !       
cessation ( all  gov]nm5t8 ,& if ,i     
rea*$ su* a conclusion1 w\ld ,i n f9d   
myself  align$ ) ! v =ces ,i s\ght to   
oppose 9 ! beg9n+1  namely1 ! =ces (    
lawlessness1 *aos & an>*y8    ,at ?is =k

 9 ! road1 lib]t>ians hesitate1 "s      
briefly & "s  = l5g?y p]iods ( "t4 ,!   
*oice to be made is a difficult "o4  ,to
 ab&on lib]ty at ?is juncture & to      
endorse m9imal gov]nm5ts  z devices :i* 
might prev5t lic5se1 c\ld cause !       
devotee (  lib]ty to endorse ! active   
enemy ( lib]ty1 albeit 9 small doses4   
,on ! o!r h&1 to pursue lib]ty to its   
logical conclusions might  end 9 an     
endorsem5t ( lic5se1 ,! v antonym (     
lib]ty4    ,x is at ?is juncture t ! ^w 
8an>*y0 re>s its dreadful  visage4 ,x   
becomes incumb5t ^u s9c]e seek]s aft]   
lib]ty to  grapple ) ?is ^w & to seek to
 und]/& its implications4    ,an>*y has 
v anci5t roots4 ,x is n :olly ess5tial  
to probe to  ! la/ hidd5 t5dril al?o su*
 a probe c be highly in/ructive4  ,:at  
does appe> to be a necess>y m9imal ef=t1
 h[ev]1 is to  explore at lea/ !        
pr9cipal au?ors ( an>*i/ic ?\ght ) !    
view to discov]+ :at x 0 t motivat$ ^!  
m54    ,we c beg9 ) ,william ,godw9 (   
,engl&4 ,godw9 is notewor?y z  ! 8fa!r (

 an>*i/ic communism0 7,encyclopa$ia     
,britannica74    ,9 #agic he publi%$ !  
fir/ ( sev]al works on ?is subject      
entitl$1 8,inquiry ,conc]n+ ,political  
,ju/ice40 ,he is probably mo/  fam\s z !
 au?or ( an an>*i/ic novel :i* he nam$1 
8,caleb  ,williams40    ,x 0 ,godw9's   
!sis t gov]nm5ts are in/rum5ts ( et]nal 
bick]+ & w>2 t w>s are f\ght ov]        
prop]ty2 t !  own]%ip ( prop]ty         
privately is ! greate/ curse ev] to     
beset !  human race4 ,z a specific      
example ( tyranny 9 its wor/ =m1 ,godw9 
sugge/s m>riage4    ,be=e we lay !      
s\briquet 8crackpot0 beh9d 8 "n1 let u  
look  at ! ,engl& ( ,godw9's "t to try  
to f9d an explanation = 8  radical      
conclusions4    ,9 ,godw9's day         
7#agef-ahcf7 ) only a few m9or          
exceptions1 all  prop]ty 0 own$ by !    
nobility1 :i* is to say by ! p]sons     
favor$ by gov]nm5t4 ,! common p own$    
little save ! %irts  on _! backs4 ,z =  
m>riage1 wom5 7 *attels1 giv5 by a male 
p>5t to ano!r male1 dur+ a gov]nm5tally 

approv$ c]emony4  ,! idea ( "o p]son    
actually own+ & controll+ ano!r1 :i*  we
 w\ld call slav]y1 & :i* ,godw9 saw z ! 
m>riage /ate1 0  repell5t to him4 ,he   
insi/$ t females 7 human be+s & z  su*  
_h z mu* "r to individuality z males4   
,to cure ! malady1 :i* ,godw9 saw z     
own]%ip ( prop]ty1 !  e>ly ,briton      
recomm5d$ an abolition ( gov]nm5ts4 ,x 0
 !  gov]nm5t :i* sanctifi$ & protect$   
prop]ty rights1 ev5 9  m>riage4 ,to     
return to a /ate ( nature 7see ,r\sseau7
 gov]nm5ts  w\ld h to be aboli%$4    ,be
 x not$ to ,godw9's cr$it t he despis$  
viol5ce4 ,& 9  ?is position he is f>    
remov$ f bo? ! true communi/ & !        
an>*i/s ( action :o foll[$ him4    ,!   
next an>*i/ to be exam9$ is ,pi]re      
,joseph ,pr\dhon (  ,bexancon1 ,france  
7#ahji-ahfe74 ,pr\dhon drank deeply f   
,godw9's well  & came =w>d ) c]ta9      
modifications & ext5sions ( !  ,godw9   
doctr9e4    ,pr\dhon ackn[l$g$ a debt ( 
gratitude to bo? ,plato & ,?omas  ,m1 a 
pair ( d$icat$ sociali/s 7see ,plato's  

8,republic0 & ,m's  8,utopia07 & busi$  
himself ) "s practical means = implem5t+
  ! sociali/ dream4    ,l 8 precursors1 
he 0 fundam5tally oppos$ to prop]ty     
own]%ip4 ,8 mo/ fam\s "w1 8,qu'e/-ce que
 ,la ,propriete80  78,:at ,is           
,prop]ty8071 got him into imm$iate      
difficulties ) !  gov]nm5t4 ,pr\dhon1 9 
?is opus1 decl>$ t 8prop]ty is robb]y0  
& set ab\t outl9+ a social ord] 9 :i* no
 prop]ty c\ld be  privately own$4    ,! 
,encyclop$ia ,am]icana says t ,pr\dhon 0
 ! 8fir/ to  =mulate ! doctr9es (       
philosophic an>*ism40    ,x is probably 
true t !re are no bett] writ+s extant   
extoll+  individualism z oppos$ to      
collectivism ?an ,pr\dhon's e>ly essays4
  ,yet1 x %\ld be recall$ t ,pr\dhon's  
aim1 9 addition to a  society free (    
gov]nm5tal co]cion1 0 a /ate 9 :i*      
prop]ty z  a private device 0 aboli%$4  
,x is also int]e/+ to recall t ,k>l ,m>x
 0 deeply mov$ by  ,pr\dhon's argum5ts4 
,! fir/ ( ,pr\dhon's writ+s appe>$ 9    
pr9t 9 #ahdj & =m$ ! basis ( ,m>x's fir/

 expo/ulations :i*  appe>$ 9 #ahdb4     
,%ortly !reaft]1 ,m>x ve]$ away f       
,pr\dhon's  individualism & contriv$ 8  
concept ( collectivism z ! natural  & ! 
inevitable c\rse ( hi/ory4    ,m>x1     
h[ev]1 0 nev] an an>*i/1 despite !      
well-kn[n phrase  frequ5tly attribut$ to
 him t 9 "t ! gov]nm5t ( !  prolet>iat  
w\ld simply 8)] away40 ,?is phrase %\ld 
prop]ly be  attribut$ to ,l594          
,h[ev]1 x is kn[n t ,m>x did make an    
attempt to lure !  an>*i/s ( ,france    
into ! fir/ 8,int]nationale0 & 0 hoot$  
d[n = 8 pa9s4 ,! an>*i/s ( t "t 7 %rewd 
en\gh to  s5se t ! enl>gem5t ( gov]nm5t 
into a g5]al hold+ company  = all       
prop]ty1 w\ld nev] result 9 ! abolition 
( private  own]%ip ( prop]ty4 ,r1 x w\ld
 result 9 ! p]petuation ( a  privileg$  
class ( p]sons :o w\ld h possession ( ! 
prop]ty  to ! exclusion ( all o!rs1 ! v 
cont+5cy ! an>*i/s  s\ght to avoid4 ,&  
s9ce ! aim ( ! an>*i/s 0 to elim9ate    
exclusive own]%ip1 !y c\ld n agree to ! 
,m>xi/ argum5ts  respect+ ! usefulness (

 a gov]nm5t z ! repository ( all        
prop]ty4    ,we pass f ,pr\dhon to ano!r
 notewor?y an>*i/1 ! ,russian  ,pr9ce   
,pet] ,alexeivi* ,kropotk9 7#ahdb-aiba74
 ,9 8 h&s1 !  doctr9e ( an>*ism took on 
an int]national aspect4 ,9 po9t ( fact  
he add$ little to ei!r ,godw9 or        
,pr\dhon1 except ! m gr&iose  concept ( 
a _w ord]4 ,he sugge/$ t ,,all gov]nm5ts
 mu/ be  ov]?r[n ei!r peacefully or 9   
any o!r mann] aft] :i* 8!  pres5t sy/em 
( class privilege & unju/ di/ribution ( 
! weal?  produc$ by labor t creates &   
fo/]s crime0 w\ld be aboli%$4    ,x 0   
,kropotk9 :o endeavor$ to pres]ve !     
ideals ( a  prop]ty-less society aft] ! 
mo/ excit+ & de/ructive ( all  ! an>*i/s
 _h done 8 "w4 ,?is 0 ,mi*ael ,bakun9   
7#ahad-ahgf74  ,bakun9 took 8 ideology  
bo? f ,pr\dhon & f ,m>x &  endeavor$ to 
unite ! objectives ( ! =m] ) ! me?ods ( 
! latt]4    ,bakun9 despair$ ( br++ ab\t
 a /ate ( univ]sal  prop]ty-less-ness by
 means ( education & propag&a4 ,s did   
,m>x4  ,m>x decl>$ t ^? :o own$ prop]ty 

w\ld nev] give x up  )\t a /ruggle4 ,?is
 idea entranc$ ,bakun94 ,he devis$ :at 0
 to  be call$ 8propag&a ( action40    ,x
 0 ,bakun9's contribution to an>*i/ic   
me?ods t p]sons  :o held gov]nm5tal     
(fices %\ld be assass9at$ :ile !y held  
(fice4 ,su* assass9ation1 he argu$1 w\ld
 h a p]suasive effect  ^u future        
politicians4 ,if ! (fices c\ld be made  
suffici5tly  dang]\s & risky1 !re w\ld  
be few :o w\ld c>e to haz>d  _! necks 9 
su* unrew>d+ positions4 ,! answ] to !   
=ce (  gov]nm5t1 accord+ to ,bakun91 0 !
 =ce ( non-gov]nm5t4 ,z  an educational 
device1 a ?r[n bomb 0 consid]$ to be !  
f9al  argum5t4    ,x is unnecess>y to   
embroid] ! result4 ,! peaceful argum5ts 
( ,pr\dhon & ,godw9 w5t by ! bo>ds z    
an>*i/s ralli$  to ,bakun9's bann]4     
,beg9n+ 9 #ahgh !re 0 a s]ies (         
assass9ations & attempt$ assass9ations  
aga9/ ! heads (  gov]nm5ts4    ,g]many's
 ,emp]or ,william _h a n>r[ escape & s  
did ! ,g]man  pr9ces 9 #ahhc4 ,9 #ahhf 9
 ,*icago1 a bomb explosion 9 ! ,haym>ket

  kill$ a numb] ( p]sons4 ,9 ! result+  
hy/]ia1 sev5 arre/s  7 made1 all (      
p]sons kn[n to be tea*+ an>*y4 ,f\r 7   
hang$1 two drew life s5t5ces1 & "o 0    
imprison$ = #ae ye>s4 ,no  "o to ?is day
 is c]ta9 :o ?rew ! bomb4    ,an>*i/s 7 
pictur$ 9 c>toons z be>d$ radicals c>ry+
  smok+ bombs4 ,presid5t ,c>not (       
,france 0 assass9at$ 9 #ahid4 ,!        
,empress ,elizabe? ( ,au/ria 0          
assass9at$ 9 #ahih4 ,k+ ,humb] (  ,italy
 0 assass9at$ 9 #aijj4 ,presid5t        
,mc,kinley 0 assass9at$ 9  #aija4    ,b 
,bakun9's en?usiasm wreck$ ! an>*i/     
movem5t despite all  ,kropotk9 c\ld d to
 save ! fragm5ts4 ,^! excesses1 :i* h   
ev5 be5 repeat$ 9 mod]n times1 h _h !   
effect ( unit+  public op9ion aga9/     
any?+ t smacks ( an>*y4    ,!re 71 (    
c\rse1 o!r an>*i/s4 ,"s h cr$it$        
,r\sseau1  & "s ev5 ,z5o ) ! actual bir?
 ( ! idea ( a prop]ty-less  society4 ,b 
! f\r m5 briefly review$ "h1 ) !        
possible  additions ( ,elisee ,reclus & 
! ,am]ican1 ,b5jam9 ,r4 ,tuck]1 made  ! 

major contributions to an>*i/ doctr9e4  
,!re is no s]i\s  cleavage 9 an>*i/     
ranks4    ,x is ^! ?\ghts :i* mu/       
confront ! lib]t>ian z he seeks to      
und]/& ! mean+ ( individualism1 lib]ty1 
prop]ty1 & s on4    ,b 9 complete c&or1 
! s9c]e lib]t>ian _c be call$ an  an>*i/
 :i*ev] =k ( ! road he elects to pursue4
 ,x mu/  be recall$ t )\t exception1    
an>*i/s wi%$ to d away  ) private       
own]%ip ( prop]ty4 ,"s advocat$ peaceful
 means  end+ ! abolition ( gov]nm5t4 ,"s
 advocat$ viol5t means by  de/roy+      
politicians 9 gov]nm5t4 ,b by any       
y>d/ick employ$1  & :e!r we are speak+ (
 8philosophic an>*i/s0 or 8an>*i/ic     
communi/s10 ! c5tral aim ( ! an>*i/     
movem5t 0 to elim9ate  private own]%ip4 
,! r$uction ( ! gov]nm5t to z]o 0       
simply1  to !m1 a necess>y fir/ /ep4    
,9 contra/1 ! lib]t>ian is a bett]      
economi/4 ,f fir/ to la/  he is 9 favor 
( private own]%ip4 ,x is1 9 fact1 !     
abuses (  private own]%ip inflict$ by   
gov]nm5t :i* ar\se ! mo/ ard5t          

lib]t>ians4    ,if we take ! 8communi/0 
an>*i/s1 we are confront$ ) viol5ce  z a
 means to aboli% private own]%ip ) !    
abolition (  gov]nm5t z ! fir/ /ep4 ,if 
we take ! 8philosophic0 an>*i/s1  we are
 confront$ ) essays on individualism & !
 desire to d  away ) private own]%ip by 
means ( ! elim9ation ( gov]nm5t4    ,!  
aim ( ! an>*i/ is to elim9ate private   
own]%ip4 ,!  lib]t>ian is d$icat$ to !  
p]petuation & ! full enjoym5t (  private
 own]%ip4    ,nev] c\ld two doctr9es be 
m 9 opposition4    ,! mo/ con/ructive ( 
! an>*i/s 71 socially speak+1           
individuali/s1 peaceful & h>mless4 ,!   
lea/ con/ructive1 socially  speak+1 7   
d$icat$ to ! ov]?r[ ( =ce by c\nt] =ce4 
,b )\t exception1 9 ! realm ( economics1
 e an>*i/ comes  unglaz$4    ,9 brief1  
let u def9e ! an>*i/ z a political      
individuali/ &  an economic sociali/4 ,9
 contra/1 ! lib]t>ian c be def9$ z  an  
individuali/1 bo? politically &         
economically4    ,z ! lib]t>ian         
approa*es or hesitates at ! =k 9 ! road1

 "o  direction seems to him to indicate 
an>*y & ! o!r1 an advocacy  ( co]cion 9 
m9or doses4 ,b1 on c>eful analysis1 !   
bran* :i*  seems to c>ry ! bann] 8an>*y0
 does no su* ?+4    ,! lib]t>ian1 h[ev] 
he mulls ov] ?is dilemma to 8 progress1 
is n conc]n$ ) gov]nm5t4 ,8 conc]n is ) 
lib]ty4 ,he is  n oppos$ to gov]nm5t4   
,he favors fre$om4 ,! lib]t>ian wi%es to
  pres]ve all human rights1 among :i* & 
pr$om9antly among !m is  ! "r to own    
prop]ty privately & to enjoy x fully4   
,! lib]t>ian is a *ampion (             
individualism4 ,he is an advocate (     
tools :i* c p]=m c]ta9 functions = him4 
,he has no objection  to ! =mation ( any
 k9d ( tool t w assi/ him to protect  8 
rights or 8 prop]ty4 ,b he _c brook !   
=ceful compulsive  tool :i* he is       
compell$ to pay = :5 he has no use = x4 
,he has no objection to policem5 ^:     
function is solely t (  protection4 ,b  
he resi/s ! supposition t o!rs "k bett] 
?an  he1 h[ mu* protection he ne$s or c 
af=d4    ,he sees 9 gov]nm5t a tool (   

man's devis+4 ,he has no objection  to  
?is tool s long z x is totally          
responsive to ! man :o hires  ! tool &  
pays = its use4 ,he does object to !    
employm5t (  ?is tool by "s aga9/ o!rs 9
 an aggressive mann]1 s9ce he is        
prim>ily conc]n$ ) human lib]ty & !     
pres]vation ( x =  all individuals4     
,b x is de/ructive ( lib]t>ian aims &   
objectives to label a  seek] aft] total 
fre$om ) ! opprobrium ( 8an>*i/40       
,economically speak+1 all an>*i/s are1  
sociali/s1 h[ev] !y  may coalesce to !  
political spectrum4 ,economically       
speak+1  ! lib]t>ian is an individuali/1
 believ+ 9 & support+  ! concept (      
private own]%ip1 individual             
responsibility &  self-gov]nm5t4        
,in=mation ab\t ! ,fre$om ,s*ool w be   
s5t on reque/4