,,psy*e',s ,,task ,a ,,disc\rse ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,sup]/ition ,,on ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,in/itutions ,,second ,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,to ,,:i* ,,is ,,add$ ,,! ,,scope ,,( ,,social ,,an?ropology ,,an ,,inaugural ,,lecture ,,by ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz]1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d41 ,litt4,d4 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,tr9ity ,,college1 ,,cambridge ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,social ,,an?ropology ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,liv]pool ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,/reet1 ,,london #aiac ,,epigraphs ,good & evil we "k 9 ! field ( ?is _w gr[ up toge!r almo/ insep>ably2 & ! k ( good is s involv$ & int]wov5 ) ! k ( evil & 9 s _m cunn+ resemblances h>dly to be disc]n$1 t ^? confus$ se$s1 :i* 7 impos$ on ,psy*e z an incessant lab\r to cull out & sort asund]1 7 n m int]mixt4 ,milton1 ,areopagitica4 ,il ne faut pas croire cep5dant qu'un mauvais pr9cipe vicie radicalem5t une in/itution1 ni mme qu'il y fasse t\t le mal qu'il porte dans son se94 ,ri5 ne fausse plus l'hi/oire que la logique3 qu& l'esprit huma9 s'e/ arrt sur une ide1 il en tire t\tes les consqu5ces possibles1 lui fait produire t\t ce qu'en effet elle p\rrait produire1 et puis se la reprs5te dans l'hi/oire avec t\t ce cortge4 ,il n'en arrive po9t a9si2 les vnem5ts ne sont pas aussi prompts dans leur dductions que l'esprit huma94 ,il y a dans t\tes *oses un mlange de bi5 et de mal si pr(ond1 si inv9cible que1 quelque "p que v\s pntriez1 qu& v\s desc5drez dans les d]ni]s lm5ts de la socit ou de l'me1 v\s y tr\v]ez ces deux ordres de faits coexi/ant1 se dveloppant l'un ct de l'autre et se combattant1 mais sans s'ext]m9]4 ,la nature huma9e ne va jamais jusqu'aux d]nires limites1 ni du mal ni du bi52 elle passe sans cesse de l'un l'autre1 se r$ressant au mom5t o elle semble le plus prs de la *ute1 faiblissant au mom5t o elle semble m>*] le plus droit4 ,guizot1 ,hi/oire de la civilisation dans l',europe1 ,c9quime ,leon4 ,,d$ication ,,to ,,all ,,:o ,,are ,,engag$ ,,9 ,,psy*e',s ,,task ,,( ,,sort+ ,,out ,,! ,,se$s ,,( ,,good ,,f ,,! ,,se$s ,,( ,,evil ,i ,,d$icate ,,?is ,,disc\rse ,,preface vii ,! sub/ance ( ! foll[+ disc\rse 0 lately read at an ev5+ meet+ ( ! ,royal ,in/itution 9 ,london1 & mo/ ( x 0 aft]w>ds deliv]$ 9 ! =m ( lectures to my class at ,liv]pool4 ,x is n[ publi%$ 9 ! hope t x may call att5tion to a neglect$ side ( sup]/ition & /imulate enquiry into ! e>ly hi/ory ( ^? great in/itutions :i* /ill =m ! framework ( mod]n society4 ,if x %\ld turn out t ^! in/itutions h sometimes be5 built on rott5 f\ndations1 x w\ld be ra% to conclude t !y mu/ all come d[n4 ,man is a v curi\s animal1 & ! m we "k ( 8 habits ! m curi\s does he appe>4 ,he may be ! mo/ rational ( ! bea/s1 b c]ta9ly he is ! mo/ absurd4 ,ev5 ! saturn9e wit ( ,swift1 unaid$ by a k ( savages1 fell f> %ort ( ! reality 9 8 attempt to set human folly 9 a /rong light4 ,yet ! odd ?+ is t 9 spite1 or p]haps by virtue1 ( 8 absurdities man moves /eadily upw>ds2 ! m we le>n ( 8 pa/ hi/ory ! m gr\ndless does ! old !ory ( 8 deg5]acy prove to be4 ,f false premises he (t5 arrives at s\nd conclusions3 f a *im]ical !ory he d$uces a salut>y practice4 ,?is disc\rse w h s]v$ a useful purpose if x illu/rates a few viii ( ! ways 9 :i* folly my/]i\sly deviates into wisdom1 & good comes out ( evil4 ,x is a m]e sket* ( a va/ subject4 ,:e!r ,i %all ev] fill 9 ^! bald outl9es ) f9] /rokes & deep] %ad[s mu/ be left to ! future to det]m9e4 ,! mat]ials = su* a picture exi/ 9 abundance2 & if ! col\rs are d>k1 !y are yet illum9at$1 z ,i h tri$ 9 ?is essay to po9t out1 by a ray ( consolation & hope4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz]4 ,cambridge1 ,febru>y #aiji4 ,,note ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition ,9 ?is edition ,psy*e's ,task has be5 enl>g$ by fre% illu/rative examples & by ! discussion ( a curi\s po9t ( savage etiquette1 b ! sub/ance & ! =m ( ! disc\rse rema9 un*ang$4 ,i h add$ ,! ,scope ( ,social ,an?ropology1 an inaugural lecture int5d$ to m>k out r\ghly ! b\nd>ies ( ! g5]al /udy ( :i* ,psy*e's ,task aims at sett+ =? "s p>ticul> results4 ,!re is !re=e a c]ta9 appropriat5ess 9 pres5t+ ! two disc\rses toge!r to ! read]4 ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,cambridge1 #f? ,june #aiac4 ,,cont5ts ix ,preface ,,psy*e',s ,,task ,i4 ,introduction ,! d>k & ! bright side ( ,sup]/ition3 a plea = ! accus$3 f\r propositions to be prov$ by ! def5ce #c-e ,,ii4 ,gov]nm5t ,sup]/ition has be5 a prop ( ,gov]nm5t by inculcat+ a deep v5]ation = gov]nors3 evid5ce ( ?is v5]ation collect$ f ,melanesia1 ,polynesia1 ,africa1 ! ,malay region1 & ,am]ica3 evid5ce ( simil> v5]ation among ,aryan peoples f ,india to ,scotl& #f-ai ,,iii4 ,private ,prop]ty ,sup]/ition has be5 a prop ( ,private ,prop]ty by inculcat+ a deep fe> ( its violation3 evid5ce ( ?is fe> collect$ f ,polynesia1 ,melanesia1 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 ,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica #bj-dc ,,iv4 ,m>riage ,sup]/ition has be5 a prop ( ,m>riage by inculcat+ a deep fe> ( disreg>d+ ! tradition>y rules ( sexual morality3 evid5ce ( ?is fe> collect$ f ,s\?-,ea/]n ,asia1 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 ,africa1 ! ,hebrews1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,romans1 & ! ,iri%3 extreme sev]ity ) :i* brea*es ( ! sexual code h be5 puni%$ 9 ,india1 ,babylon1 x ,pale/9e1 ,africa1 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ,au/ralia1 ,am]ica1 & ,europe3 ! avoidance ( ! wife's "m & ( a man's own "m1 si/]s1 daught]s1 & female c\s9s1 bas$ on ! fe> ( ince/3 ! orig9 ( ! fe> ( ince/ unkn[n3 belief t adult]y & =nication inflict physical injury n only on ! culprits b on _! innoc5t relations3 evid5ce ( ! belief collect$ f ,africa1 ,am]ica1 ,sumatra1 & ,new ,brita9 #dd-aaj ,v4 ,respect = ,human ,life ,sup]/ition has be5 a prop = ! ,security ( ,human ,life by inculcat+ a deep fe> ( ! gho/s ( ! murd]$ dead3 evid5ce ( ! fe> collect$ f anci5t ,greece1 mod]n ,africa1 ,am]ica1 ,india1 ,new ,gu9ea1 ,celebes1 ! ,bism>ck ,ar*ipelago1 & ,fiji3 deep fe> ( gho/s 9 g5]al3 evid5ce collect$ f ,am]ica1 ,africa1 ,india1 ,burma1 ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,gu9ea1 & ,*9a3 influ5ce ( ! fe> 9 re/ra9+ m5 f murd] #aaa-aec ,,vi4 ,conclusion ,summ+ up = ! def5ce3 by s]v+ z a prop = gov]nm5t1 private prop]ty1 m>riage1 & human life1 ,sup]/ition has r5d]$ a great s]vice to humanity3 ,sup]/ition at ! b>3 s5t5ce ( dea? #aed-aef ,,! ,,scope ,,( ,,social ,,an?ropology ,an?ropology1 or ! ,sci5ce ( ,man1 a new /udy3 ,social ,an?ropology re/rict$ to ! rudim5t>y phases ( human society3 n conc]n$ ) ! practical application ( its results3 all =ms ( human society ei!r savage or evolv$ out ( savag]y3 h5ce ,social ,an?ropology deals prim>ily ) savag]y & second>ily ) ^? survivals ( savag]y 9 civilization :i* are commonly kn[n z folklore3 importance ( ! /udy ( savag]y = an und]/&+ ( ! evolution ( ! human m9d3 exi/+ savages primitive only 9 a relative s5se by comp>ison ) civiliz$ peoples3 9 reality ! savages ( ! pres5t day probably /& at a high level ( culture comp>$ ) _! remote pr$ecessors3 = example1 ! pres5t sy/ems ( m>riage & consangu9ity among savages appe> to h be5 prec$$ by a p]iod1 n necess>ily primitive1 ( sexual communism3 survivals ( savag]y 9 civilization due to ! natural & in]adicable inequality ( m53 mank9d xi ultimately l$ by an intellectual ari/ocracy3 sup]/ition ! cre$ ( ! lagg>ds 9 ! m>* ( intellect3 ! wide preval5ce ( sup]/ition "u ! surface ( society a /&+ m5ace to civilization3 ! l[e/ =ms ( sup]/ition ! mo/ t5aci\s ( life3 function ( ! ,comp>ative ,me?od 9 recon/ruct+ ! e>ly hi/ory ( human ?\ght & in/itutions3 its legitimacy bas$ on ! asc]ta9$ simil>ity ( ! human m9d 9 all races3 ! ne$ ( /udy+ savages only ( late ye>s und]/ood3 urg5t importance ( ! /udy 9 consequ5ce ( ! rapid disappe>ance ( savag]y3 ! duty ( our g5]ation to pres]ve a record ( x = po/]ity3 ! duty ( ! ,univ]sities & ( ! ,/ate #aeg-agf ,,index #agg-ahf ,,endnotes ,,psy*e',s ,,task #c ,i4 ,,introduction ,sid5ote3 ,! d>k side ( sup]/ition4 ,we are apt to ?9k ( sup]/ition z an unmitigat$ evil1 false 9 itself & p]nici\s 9 its consequ5ces4 ,t x has done mu* h>m 9 ! _w1 _c be d5i$4 ,x has sacrific$ c\ntless lives1 wa/$ untold treasures1 embroil$ nations1 sev]$ fri5ds1 p>t$ husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 putt+ swords1 & worse ?an swords betwe5 !m3 x has fill$ gaols & madh\ses ) its innoc5t or delud$ victims3 x has brok5 _m he>ts1 embitt]$ ! :ole ( _m a life1 & n cont5t ) p]secut+ ! liv+ x has pursu$ ! dead into ! grave & beyond x1 gloat+ ov] ! horrors :i* its f\l imag9ation has conjur$ up to appal & torture ! survivors4 ,x has done all ?is & m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! bright] side ( sup]/ition4 ,yet ! case ( sup]/ition1 l t ( ,mr4 ,pickwick aft] ! revelations ( poor ,mr4 ,w9kle 9 ! witness-box1 c p]haps af=d to be plac$ 9 a r bett] light2 & )\t pos+ z ! ,devil's ,advocate or appe>+ be=e y 9 a blue flame & sulphure\s fumes1 ,i d pr(ess to make out :at ! *>itable might call a plausible plea = a v dubi\s cli5t4 ,= ,i propose to prove1 or at lea/ make probable1 by examples t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 /ages ( evolution "s social in/itutions :i* we all1 or mo/ ( u1 believe to be b5eficial h p>tially re/$ on a basis ( sup]/ition4 ,! in/itutions to :i* ,i ref] are purely secul> or civil4 ,( religi\s or ecclesia/ical in/itutions ,i %all say no?+4 ,x might p]haps be possible to %ew t ev5 religion has n :olly escap$ ! ta9t or #d disp5s$ ) ! support ( sup]/ition2 b ,i pref] = to-night to conf9e myself to ^? civil in/itutions :i* p commonly imag9e to be bottom$ on no?+ b h>d common s5se & ! nature ( ?+s4 ,:ile ! in/itutions ) :i* ,i %all deal h all surviv$ into civiliz$ society & c no d\bt be def5d$ by solid & weighty argum5ts1 x is practically c]ta9 t among savages1 & ev5 among peoples :o h ris5 above ! level ( savag]y1 ^! v same in/itutions h d]iv$ mu* ( _! /r5g? f beliefs :i* n[adays we %\ld condemn unres]v$ly z sup]/iti\s & absurd4 ,! in/itutions 9 reg>d to :i* ,i %all attempt to prove ?is are f\r1 namely1 gov]nm5t1 private prop]ty1 m>riage1 & ! respect = human life4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\r propositions to be prov$4 ,& :at ,i h to say may be summ$ up 9 f\r propositions z foll[s3-- ,i4 ,among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = gov]nm5t1 especially mon>*ical gov]nm5t1 & has !reby contribut$ to ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( civil ord]4 ,,ii4 ,among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = private prop]ty & has !reby contribut$ to ! security ( its enjoym5t4 ,,iii4 ,among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = m>riage & has !reby contribut$ to a /rict] obs]vance ( ! rules ( sexual morality bo? among ! m>ri$ & ! unm>ri$4 ,,iv4 ,among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = human life & has !reby contribut$ to ! security ( its enjoym5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,prelim9>y rem>ks4 ,be=e proce$+ to deal ) ^! f\r propositions sep>ately1 ,i wi% to make two rem>ks1 :i* ,i beg y w be> 9 m9d4 ,fir/1 9 :at ,i h to say ,i %all conf9e myself to c]ta9 races ( m5 & to c]ta9 ages ( hi/ory1 because nei!r my "t nor my k p]mits me to speak ( all races ( m5 & all ages ( hi/ory4 ,h[ f> ! limit$ conclusions :i* ,i %all draw = "s races & = "s ages are applicable to o!rs mu/ be left to future enquiries to det]m9e4 ,t is my fir/ rem>k4 ,my second is ?is4 ,if x c be prov$ t 9 c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times ! in/itutions #e 9 "q h be5 bas$ p>tly on sup]/ition1 x by no means foll[s t ev5 among ^! races !y h nev] be5 bas$ on any?+ else4 ,on ! contr>y1 z all ! in/itutions :i* ,i %all consid] h prov$ !mselves /able & p]man5t1 !re is a /rong presumption t !y re/ ma9ly on some?+ mu* m solid ?an sup]/ition4 ,no in/itution f\nd$ :olly on sup]/ition1 t is on falsehood1 c be p]man5t4 ,if x does n answ] to "s real human ne$1 if its f\ndations are n laid broad & deep 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 x mu/ p]i%1 & ! soon] ! bett]4 ,t is my second rem>k4 ,,ii4 ,,gov]nm5t #f ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition z a prop ( gov]nm5t4 ,) ^! two cautions ,i address myself to my fir/ proposition1 :i* is1 t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = gov]nm5t1 especially mon>*ical gov]nm5t1 & has !reby contribut$ to ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( civil ord]4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s respect = *iefs 9 ,melanesia4 ,among _m peoples ! task ( gov]nm5t has be5 greatly facilitat$ by a sup]/ition t ! gov]nors belong to a sup]ior ord] ( be+s & possess c]ta9 sup]natural or magical p[]s to :i* ! gov]n$ c make no claim & c (f] no resi/ance4 ,?us ,dr4 ,codr+ton tells u t among ! ,melanesians 8! p[] ( *iefs has hi!rto re/$ ^u ! belief 9 _! sup]natural p[] d]iv$ f ! spirits or gho/s ) :i* !y _h int]c\rse4 ,z ?is belief has fail$1 9 ! ,banks' ,isl&s = example "s "t ago1 ! position ( a *ief has t5d$ to become obscure2 & z ?is belief is n[ be+ g5]ally und]m9$ a new k9d ( *ief mu/ ne$s arise1 unless a "t ( an>*y is to beg940#f4a ,accord+ to a native ,melanesian acc\nt1 ! au?ority ( *iefs re/s entirely on ! belief t !y hold communication ) mighty gho/s & possess t sup]natural p[] or mana1 z x is call$1 :]eby !y are able to br+ ! influ5ce ( ! gho/s to be> on human life4 ,if a *ief impos$ a f9e1 x 0 paid because ! p firmly believ$ t he c\ld inflict calamity & sickness ^u su* z resi/$ him4 ,z soon z any consid]able numb] ( 8 #g subjects began to disbelieve 9 8 influ5ce ) ! gho/s1 8 p[] to levy f9es 0 %ak54#g4a ,x is ?us t 9 ,melanesia religi\s scepticism t5ds to und]m9e ! f\ndations ( civil society4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s respect = *iefs 9 ,fiji4 ,simil>ly ,mr4 ,basil ,?omson tells u t 8! key to ! ,melanesian sy/em ( gov]nm5t is ,ance/or-wor%ip4 ,j z e act 9 a ,fijian's life 0 controll$ by 8 fe> ( ,unse5 ,p[]s1 s 0 8 conception ( human au?ority bas$ ^u religion40 ,! dead *ief 0 suppos$ /ill to wat* jeal\sly ov] 8 p & to puni% !m ) de>?1 /orms1 & floods1 if !y fail$ to br+ _! (f]+s to 8 tomb & to propitiate 8 _s4 ,& ! p]son ( 8 desc5dant1 ! liv+ *ief1 0 sacr$2 x 0 h$g$ 9 by a magic circle ( taboo & might n ev5 be t\*$ )\t incurr+ ! wra? ( ! ,unse54 8,! fir/ bl[ at ! p[] ( ! *iefs 0 /ruck unconsci\sly by ! mission>ies4 ,nei!r !y nor ! *iefs !mselves realiz$ h[ closely ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,fijians 0 b\nd up ) _! religion4 ,no soon] _h a mission>y ga9$ a foo?old 9 a *ief village ?an ! tabu 0 doom$1 & on ! tabu dep5d$ half ! p's rev]5ce = rank4 ,! tabu di$ h>d1 z su* in/itutions %\ld d4 ,! fir/-fruits 7 /ill pres5t$ to ! *ief1 b !y 7 no long] c>ri$ f him to ! temple1 s9ce _! excuse--z an (f]+ to p]suade ! ance/ors to grant abundant increase--_h pass$ away4 ,no long] support$ by ! prie/s1 ! ,sacr$ ,*ief fell ^u evil days02 = 9 ,fiji1 z 9 o!r places1 ! prie/ & ! *ief1 :5 !y 7 n "o & ! same p]son1 _h play$ into ea* o!r's h&s1 bo? kn[+ t nei!r c\ld /& firm )\t ! aid ( ! o!r4#g4b ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s respect = *iefs 9 ,polynesia g5]ally & 9 ,new ,zeal& p>ticul>ly4 ,9 ,polynesia ! /ate ( ?+s 0 simil>4 ,!re1 too1 ! p[] ( *iefs dep5d$ l>gely on a belief 9 _! sup]natural p[]s1 9 _! relation to ance/ral spirits1 & 9 ! magical virtue ( taboo1 :i* p]vad$ _! p]sons & int]pos$ betwe5 !m & common folk an invisible b =midable b>ri]1 to pass :i* 0 dea?4 ,9 ,new ,zeal& ! ,maori *iefs 7 deem$ to be liv+ #h atuas or gods4 ,?us ! ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,taylor1 :o 0 = m ?an ?irty ye>s a mission>y 9 ,new ,zeal&1 tells u t 9 speak+ a ,maori *ief 8assum$ a tone n natural to him1 z a k9d ( c\rt language2 he kept himself di/9ct f 8 inf]iors1 eat+ sep>ately2 8 p]son 0 sacr$1 he _h ! p[] ( hold+ conv]se ) ! gods1 9 fact laid claim to be+ "o himself1 mak+ ! tapu a p[]ful adjunct to obta9 control ov] 8 p & _! goods4 ,e means 7 us$ to acquire ?is dignity2 a l>ge p]son 0 ?\ght to be ( ! highe/ importance2 to acquire ?is extra size1 ! *ild ( a *ief 0 g5]ally provid$ ) _m nurses1 ea* contribut+ to 8 support by robb+ _! own (fspr+ ( _! natural su/5ance2 ?us1 :il/ !y 7 half-/>v$1 mis]able-look+ little creatures1 ! *ief's *ild 0 ! contr>y1 & e>ly became rem>kable by its good appe>ance4 ,nor 0 ?is feel+ conf9$ to ! body2 ! *ief 0 an atua1 b !re 7 p[]ful & p[]less gods2 ea* naturally s\ght to make himself "o ( ! =m]2 ! plan !re=e adopt$1 0 to incorporate ! spirits ( o!rs ) _! own2 ?us1 :5 a w>rior slew a *ief1 he imm$iately g\g$ out 8 eyes & swall[$ !m1 ! atua tonga1 or div9ity1 be+ suppos$ to reside 9 t organ2 ?us he n only kill$ ! body1 b also possess$ himself ( ! s\l ( 8 enemy1 & consequ5tly ! m *iefs he slew1 ! great] did 8 div9ity become4''' ,ano!r great sign ( a *ief 0 oratory--a good orator 0 comp>$ to ! korimako1 ! sweete/ s++ bird 9 ,new ,zeal&2 to enable ! "y *ief to become "o1 he 0 f$ ^u t bird1 s t he might ! bett] acquire its qualities1 & ! successful orator 0 t]m$ a korimako40#h4a ,aga91 ano!r writ] in=ms u t ! op9ions ( ,maori *iefs 87 held 9 m e/imation ?an ^? ( o!rs1 simply because !y 7 believ$ to give utt]ance to ! ?\ghts ( deifi$ m54 ,no dazzl+ pageantry h$g$ !m r\nd1 b _! p]sons 7 sacr$4''' ,_m ( !m believ$ !mselves inspir$2 #i ?us ,te ,heu ,heu1 ! great ,taupo *ief & prie/1 %ortly be=e he 0 swall[$ up by a l&slip1 said to a ,european mission>y3 #8,?9k n t ,i am a man1 t my orig9 is ( ! e>?4 ,i come f ! heav5s2 my ance/ors are all !re2 !y are gods1 & ,i %all return to !m4'0#i4a ,s sacr$ 0 ! p]son ( a ,maori *ief t x 0 n lawful to t\* him1 ev5 to save 8 life4 ,a *ief has be5 se5 at ! po9t ( suffocation & 9 great agony ) a fi% bone /ick+ 9 8 ?roat1 & yet n "o ( 8 p1 :o 7 lam5t+ ar\nd him1 d>$ to t\* or ev5 approa* him1 = x w\ld h be5 z mu* z _! own life 0 wor? to d s4 ,a mission>y1 :o 0 pass+1 came to ! rescue & sav$ ! *ief's life by extract+ ! bone4 ,z soon z ! rescu$ man recov]$ ! p[] ( spee*1 :i* he did n d = half an h\r1 ! fir/ use he made ( x 0 to dem& t ! surgical in/rum5ts ) :i* ! bone _h be5 extract$ %\ld be giv5 to him z comp5sation = ! injury done him by draw+ 8 sacr$ blood & t\*+ 8 sacr$ head4#i4b ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s fe> ( contact ) ,maori *iefs4 ,n only ! p]son ( a ,maori *ief b ev]y?+ t _h come into contact ) x 0 sacr$ & w\ld kill1 s ! ,maoris ?\ght1 any sacrilegi\s p]son :o d>$ to m$dle ) x4 ,cases h be5 kn[n ( ,maoris dy+ ( %e] fright on le>n+ t !y _h unwitt+ly eat5 ! rema9s ( a *ief's d9n] or h&l$ some?+ t belong$ to him4 ,= example1 a woman1 hav+ p>tak5 ( "s f9e pea*es f a basket1 0 told t !y _h come f a taboo$ place4 ,imm$iately ! basket dropp$ f h] h&s & %e cri$ out 9 agony t ! atua or godhead ( ! *ief1 ^: div9ity _h be5 ?us pr(an$1 w\ld kill h]4 ,t happ5$ 9 ! aft]noon1 & next day by twelve o'clock %e 0 dead4#i4c ,simil>ly a *ief's t9d]-box has prov$ fatal to sev]al m52 = hav+ f\nd x & light$ _! pipes ) x #aj !y actually expir$ ( t]ror on le>n+ to :om x belong$4#aj4a ,h5ce a consid]ate *ief w\ld ?r[ away :]e x c\ld n be f\nd any g>m5t or mat = :i* he _h no fur!r use1 le/ "o ( 8 subjects %\ld f9d x & be /ruck dead by ! %ock ( its inh]5t div9ity4 ,= ! same reason he w\ld nev] bl[ a fire ) 8 m\?2 = 8 sacr$ brea? w\ld communicate its sanctity to ! fire1 & ! fire w\ld pass x on to ! meat t might be cook$ on x1 & ! meat w\ld c>ry x into ! /oma* ( ! eat]1 & he w\ld die4#aj4b ,?us ! div9ity :i* h$g$ a ,maori *ief 0 a dev\r+ flame :i* %rivell$ up & consum$ :atev] x t\*$4 ,no wond] t su* m5 7 implicitly obey$4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s respect = *iefs & k+s 9 ,tonga & ,tahiti4 ,9 ! re/ ( ,polynesia ! /ate ( ?+s 0 simil>4 ,= example1 ! natives ( ,tonga 9 l mann] believ$ t if any "o f$ himself ) 8 own h&s aft] t\*+ ! sacr$ p]son ( a sup]ior *ief1 he w\ld swell up & die2 ! sanctity ( ! *ief1 l a virul5t poison1 infect$ ! h&s ( 8 inf]ior1 &1 be+ communicat$ ?r\gh !m to ! food1 prov$ fatal to ! eat]1 unless he dis9fect$ himself by t\*+ ! *ief's feet 9 a p>ticul> way4#aj4c ,:5 a k+ ( ,tahiti ent]$ on (fice he 0 gird$ ) a sacr$ girdle ( r$ fea!rs1 :i* n only rais$ him to ! highe/ e>?ly /ation1 b id5tifi$ him ) ! gods4#aj4d ,h5ce=? 8e ?+ 9 ! lea/ degree connect$ ) ! k+ or que5--! clo? !y wore1 ! h\ses 9 :i* !y dwelt1 ! canoes 9 :i* !y voyag$1 ! m5 by :om !y 7 borne :5 !y j\rney$ by l&1 became sacr$--& ev5 ! s\nds 9 ! language1 compos+ _! names1 c\ld no long] be appropriat$ to ord9>y significations4 ,h5ce1 ! orig9al names ( mo/ ( ! objects ) :i* !y 7 famili>1 h f "t to "t und]gone consid]able alt]ations4 ,! gr\nd on :i* !y ev5 accid5tally trod1 became sacr$2 & ! dwell+ "u :i* !y might ent]1 mu/ = ev] aft] be vacat$ #aa by its proprietors1 & c\ld be appropriat$ only to ! use ( ^! sacr$ p]sonages4 ,no individual 0 all[$ to t\* ! body ( ! k+ or que52 & e "o :o %\ld /& ov] !m1 or pass ! h& ov] _! heads1 w\ld be liable to pay = ! sacrilegi\s act ) ! =feiture ( 8 life4 ,x 0 on acc\nt ( ?is suppos$ sacr$ness ( p]son t !y c\ld nev] ent] any dwell+s1 except+ ^? t 7 specially d$icat$ to _! use1 & prohibit$ to all o!rs2 nor might !y tread on ! gr\nd 9 any "p ( ! isl& b _! own h]$it>y di/ricts40#aa4a ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s fe> ( contact ) k+s 9 ,africa & ! ,malay region4 ,9 l mann] ! ,cazembes1 9 ! int]ior ( ,angola1 reg>d$ _! k+ z s holy t no "o c\ld t\* him )\t be+ kill$ by ! magical p[] :i* emanat$ f 8 sacr$ p]son2 h[ev]1 any "o :o _h accid5tally or necess>ily come into p]sonal contact ) 8 ,maje/y c\ld escape dea? by t\*+ ! k+'s h&s 9 a special mann]4#aa4b ,simil> beliefs are curr5t 9 ! ,malay region1 :]e ! !ory ( ! k+ z ! ,div9e ,man is said to be held p]haps z /rongly z 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w4 8,n only is ! k+'s p]son consid]$ sacr$1 b ! sanctity ( 8 body is believ$ to communicate itself to 8 regalia1 & to slay ^? :o break ! royal taboos4 ,?us x is firmly believ$ t any "o :o s]i\sly (f5ds ! royal p]son1 :o t\*es 7ev5 = a mom5t7 or :o imitates 7ev5 ) ! k+'s p]mission7 ! *ief objects ( ! regalia1 or :o wrongfully makes use ( any ( ! insignia or privileges ( royalty1 w be kna daulat1 i4e4 /ruck dead1 by a quasi-electric dis*>ge ( t ,div9e ,p[] :i* ! ,malays suppose to reside 9 ! k+'s p]son1 & :i* is call$ daulat or ,royal ,sanctity40#aa4c ,sid5ote3 ,m>vell\s p[]s attribut$ to rajahs by ,malays & ,dyaks4 ,fur!r1 ! ,malays firmly believe t ! k+ possesses a p]sonal influ5ce ov] ! works ( nature1 su* z ! gr[? ( ! crops & ! be>+ ( fruit-trees4#aa4d ,"s ( ! ,hill ,dyaks ( ,s>awak #ab us$ to br+ _! se$-rice to ,rajah ,brooke to be f]tiliz$ by him2 & once :5 ! rice-crops ( a tribe 7 ?91 ! *ief rem>k$ t x c\ld n be o!rwise1 s9ce !y _h n be5 visit$ by ! ,rajah4#ab4a ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s v5]ation = ! rajah ( ,lo[oo4 ,among ! ,toradjas ( ,c5tral ,celebes 8! p[] ( ! rajah ( ,lo[oo re/$ = ! mo/ "p on sup]/ition & on tradition4 ,! ance/ors _h s]v$ ! rajah 9 _! day1 & %\ld ! desc5dants fail to d s !y w\ld h to fe> ! wra? ( ! ance/ors4 ,(t5 ,toradjas said to u1 #8,! rajah ( ,lo[oo is our god4' ,!y saw 9 him ! complete embodim5t ( ! old in/itutions4 ,x us$ to be said t he _h :ite blood1 & ! my/]i\s p[] t w5t =? f him 0 ?\ght to be s great t a common ,toradja c\ld n see him )\t suff]+ f a swoll5 belly & dy+40#ab4b ,sid5ote3 ,magical p[]s attribut$ to k+s 9 ,africa4 ,simil>ly 9 ,africa k+s are commonly suppos$ to be end[$ ) a magical p[] ( mak+ ! ra9 to fall & ! crops to gr[3 dr\ght & fam9e are set d[n to ! weakness or ill-w ( ! k+1 & accord+ly he is puni%$1 depos$1 or put to dea?4#ab4c ,to take two or ?ree in/ances out ( _m1 a writ] ( ! eighte5? c5tury speaks z foll[s ( ! k+dom ( ,loango 9 ,we/ ,africa3 ,sid5ote3 ,! k+ ( ,loango4 8,! gov]nm5t ) ^! p is purely despotic4 ,!y say _! lives & goods belong to ! k+2 t he may dispose ( & deprive !m ( !m :5 he pleases1 )\t =m ( process1 & )\t _! hav+ any?+ to compla9 (4 ,9 8 pres5ce !y pay m>ks ( respect :i* resemble adoration4 ,! individuals ( ! l[] classes are p]suad$ t 8 p[] is n conf9$ to ! e>?1 & t he has cr$it en\gh to make ra9 fall f heav53 h5ce !y fail n1 :5 a cont9uance ( dr\ght makes !m fe>ful ab\t ! h>ve/1 to repres5t to him t if he does n take c>e to wat] ! l&s ( 8 k+dom1 !y w die ( hung]1 & w f9d x impossible to make him ! usual pres5ts4 ,! k+1 to satisfy ! p1 )\t h[ev] compromis+ himself ) heav51 #ac devolves ! affair on "o ( 8 m9i/]s1 to :om he gives ord]s to cause to fall )\t delay ^u ! pla9s z mu* ra9 z is want$ to f]tilize !m4 ,:5 ! m9i/] sees a cl\d :i* he presumes mu/ %$ ra91 he %ews himself 9 public1 z if to ex]cise ! ord]s ( 8 pr9ce4 ,! wom5 & *ildr5 troop ar\nd him1 cry+ ) all _! might1 ,give u ra91 give u ra93 & he promises !m "s40#ac4a ,! k+ ( ,loango1 says ano!r old writ]1 8is hon\r$ among !m z ?\gh he 7 a ,god3 & is call$ ,sambee & ,pango1 :i* mean ,god4 ,!y believe he c let !m h ra9 :5 he likes2 & once a ye>1 9 ,decemb]1 :i* is ! "t !y want ra91 ! p come to beg ( him to grant x to !m1 on ?is occasion !y make him pres5ts1 & none come empty-h&$40 ,on a day appo9t$1 :5 ! *iefs ) _! troops _h assembl$ 9 w>like array1 ! drums us$ to beat & ! horns to s\nd1 & ! k+ %ot arr[s into ! air1 :i* 0 believ$ to br+ d[n ! ra94#ac4b ,on ! o!r side ( ,africa a simil> /ate ( ?+s is report$ by ! old ,portuguese hi/orian ,dos ,santos4 ,sid5ote3 ,! k+ ( ,s(ala4 ,he says3 8,! k+ ( all ^! l&s ( ! int]ior & ( ! riv] ( ,s(ala is a woolly-hair$ ,kaffir1 a hea!n :o adores no?+ :atev]1 & has no k ( ,god2 on ! contr>y1 he e/eems himself ! god ( all 8 l&s1 & is s look$ ^u & rev]5c$ by 8 subjects40 8,:5 !y suff] necessity or sc>city !y h rec\rse to ! k+1 firmly believ+ t he c give !m all t !y desire or h ne$ (1 & c obta9 any?+ f 8 dead pr$ecessors1 ) :om !y believe t he holds conv]se4 ,= ?is reason !y ask ! k+ to give !m ra9 :5 x is requir$1 & o!r fav\rable wea!r = _! h>ve/1 & 9 com+ to ask = any ( ^! ?+s !y br+ him valuable pres5ts1 :i* ! k+ accepts1 bidd+ !m return to _! homes & he w be c>eful to grant _! petitions4 ,!y are su* b>b>ians t ?\gh !y see h[ (t5 ! k+ #ad does n give !m :at !y ask =1 !y are n undeceiv$1 b make him /ill great] (f]+s1 & _m days are sp5t 9 ^! com+s & go+s1 until ! wea!r turns to ra91 & ! ,kaffirs are satisfi$1 believ+ t ! k+ did n grant _! reque/ until he _h be5 well brib$ & importun$1 z he himself affirms1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 !m 9 _! error40#ad4a ,nev]!less 8x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om ( ! k+s ( ?is l& to commit suicide by tak+ poison :5 any disa/] or natural physical defect fell ^u !m1 su* z impot5ce1 infecti\s disease1 ! loss ( _! front tee? by :i* !y 7 disfigur$1 or any o!r de=mity or affliction4 ,to put an end to su* defects !y kill$ !mselves1 say+ t ! k+ %\ld be free f any blemi%40 ,h[ev]1 9 ! "t ( ,dos ,santos ! k+ ( ,s(ala1 9 defiance ( all prec$5t1 p]si/$ 9 liv+ & reign+ aft] he _h lo/ a front too?2 & he ev5 w5t s f> z to tax 8 royal pr$ecessors ) folly = hav+ made away ) !mselves = su* trifles z a decay$ too? or a little grey hair1 decl>+ 8 firm resolution to live z long z he possibly c\ld = ! b5efit ( 8 loyal subjects4#ad4b ,sid5ote3 ,! *ief m$ic9e-man ( ! ,n&i4 ,at ! pres5t day ! pr9cipal m$ic9e-man ( ! ,n&i1 a tribe 9 ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 is also supreme *ief ( ! :ole p4 ,he is a div9]1 & =etells ! future3 he makes wom5 & cattle fruitful2 & 9 "t ( dr\ght he obta9s ra9 ei!r directly or ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! ra9mak]s4 ,! ,n&i believe implicitly 9 ^! m>vell\s p[]s ( _! *ief4 ,8 p]son is usually reg>d$ z absolutely sacr$4 ,nobody may approa* him ) weapons 9 8 h& or speak 9 8 pres5ce unless he is fir/ address$2 & x is deem$ mo/ important t nobody %\ld t\* ! *ief's head1 o!rwise 8 p[]s ( div9ation & s =? w\ld dep>t f him4#ad4c ,?is widespread ,african conception ( ! div9ity ( k+s culm9at$ long ago 9 anci5t ,egypt1 :]e ! k+s 7 treat$ z gods bo? 9 life & 9 dea?1 temples be+ d$icat$ to _! wor%ip #ae & prie/s appo9t$ to conduct x4#ae4a ,& :5 ! h>ve/s fail$1 ! anci5t ,egyptians1 l ! mod]n negroes1 laid ! blame ( ! failure on ! reign+ mon>*4#ae4b ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s v5]ation ( ! ,p]uvians = ! ,yncas4 ,a halo ( sup]/iti\s v5]ation also surr\nd$ ! ,yncas or gov]n+ class 9 anci5t ,p]u4 ,?us ! old hi/orian ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 himself ! son ( an ,ynca pr9cess1 tells u t 8x does n appe> t any ,ynca ( ! blood royal has ev] be5 puni%$1 at lea/ publicly1 & ! ,indians d5y t su* a ?+ has ev] tak5 place4 ,!y say t ! ,ynca nev] committ$ any fault t requir$ correction2 because ! tea*+ ( _! p>5ts1 & ! common op9ion t !y 7 *ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 born to tea* & to d good to ! re/ ( mank9d1 kept !m "u su* control1 t !y 7 r an example ?an a sc&al to ! commonweal?4 ,! ,indians also said t ! ,yncas 7 free f ! temptations :i* usually lead to crime1 su* z passion = wom51 envy & covet\sness1 or ! ?ir/ = v5geance2 because if !y desir$ beautiful wom51 x 0 lawful = !m to h z _m z !y lik$2 & any pretty girl !y might take a fancy to1 n only 0 nev] d5i$ to !m1 b 0 giv5 up by h] fa!r ) expressions ( extreme ?ankfulness t an ,ynca %\ld h condesc5d$ to take h] z 8 s]vant4 ,! same ?+ might be said ( _! prop]ty2 =1 z !y nev] c\ld feel ! want ( any?+1 !y _h no reason to covet ! goods ( o!rs2 :ile z gov]nors !y _h comm& ov] all ! prop]ty ( ! ,sun & ( ! ,ynca2 & ^? :o 7 9 *>ge1 7 b\nd to give !m all t !y requir$1 z *ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 & bre?r5 ( ! ,ynca4 ,!y likewise _h no temptation to kill or w\nd any "o ei!r = rev5ge1 or 9 passion2 = no "o ev] (f5d$ !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y receiv$ adoration only second to t (f]$ to ! royal p]son2 & if any "o1 h[ high soev] 8 rank1 _h enrag$ any ,ynca1 x w\ld h be5 look$ ^u z sacrilege1 & v sev]ely puni%$4 ,b x may be affirm$ t an ,indian #af 0 nev] puni%$ = (f5d+ aga9/ ! p]son1 hon\r1 or prop]ty ( any ,ynca1 because no su* (f5ce 0 ev] committ$1 z !y held ! ,yncas to be l gods40#af4a ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s v5]ation = k+s 9 anci5t ,india4 ,nor h su* sup]/itions be5 conf9$ to savages & o!r peoples ( ali5 race 9 remote p>ts ( ! _w4 ,!y seem to h be5 %>$ by ! ance/ors ( all ! ,aryan peoples f ,india to ,irel&4 ,?us 9 ! anci5t ,indian law-book call$ ! ,laws ( ,manu1 we read3 8,because a k+ has be5 =m$ ( p>ticles ( ^? lords ( ! gods1 he !re=e surpasses all creat$ be+s 9 lu/re2 &1 l ! sun1 he burns eyes & he>ts2 nor c anybody on e>? ev5 gaze on him4 ,?r\gh 8 7sup]natural7 p[] he is ,fire & ,w9d1 he ,sun & ,moon1 he ! ,"l ( ju/ice 7,yama71 he ,kub]a1 he ,v>una1 he great ,indra4 ,ev5 an infant k+ mu/ n be despis$ 7f an idea7 t he is a 7m]e7 mortal2 = he is a great deity 9 human =m40#af4b ,& 9 ! same law-book ! effects ( a good k+'s reign are ?us describ$3 8,9 t 7c\ntry7 :]e ! k+ avoids tak+ ! prop]ty ( 7mortal7 s9n]s1 m5 are born 9 7due7 "t 7& are7 long-liv$4 ,& ! crops ( ! husb&m5 spr+ up1 ea* z x 0 s[n1 & ! *ildr5 die n1 & no mis%ap$ 7(fspr+7 is born40#af4c ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s v5]ation = k+s 9 anci5t ,europe4 ,simil>ly 9 ,hom]ic ,greece1 k+s & *iefs 7 describ$ z sacr$ or div9e2 _! h\ses1 too1 7 div9e1 & _! *>iots sacr$2#af4d & x 0 ?\ght t ! reign ( a good k+ caus$ ! black e>? to br+ =? :eat & b>ley1 ! trees to be load$ ) fruit1 ! flocks to multiply1 & ! sea to yield fi%4#af4e ,:5 ! crops fail$1 ! ,burgundians us$ to blame _! k+s & depose !m4#af4f ,simil>ly ! ,sw$es always ascrib$ ! abundance or scant9ess ( ! h>ve/ to ! goodness or badness ( _! k+s1 & 9 "t ( de>? !y h be5 kn[n #ag to sacrifice !m to ! gods = ! sake ( procur+ good crops4#ag4a ,9 anci5t ,irel& x 0 also believ$ t :5 k+s obs]v$ ! cu/oms ( _! ance/ors ! seasons 7 mild1 ! crops pl5tiful1 ! cattle fruitful1 ! wat]s ab\nd$ ) fi%1 & ! fruit-trees _h to be propp$ up on acc\nt ( ! weight ( _! produce4 ,a canon ascrib$ to ,/4 ,patrick enum]ates among ! bless+s t att5d ! reign ( a j k+ 8f9e wea!r1 calm seas1 crops abundant1 & trees lad5 ) fruit40#ag4b ,sid5ote3 ,survivals ( ! sup]/ition 9 ,scotl&4 ,sup]/itions ( ! k9d :i* 7 ?us curr5t among ! ,celts ( ,irel& c5turies ago appe> to h surviv$ among ! ,celts ( ,scotl& d[n to ,dr4 ,johnson's "t2 = :5 he travell$ 9 ,skye x 0 /ill held t ! return ( ! *ief ( ! ,macleods to ,dunvegan1 aft] any consid]able abs5ce1 produc$ a pl5tiful cat* ( h]r+2#ag4c & at a /ill lat] "t1 :5 ! potato crop fail$1 ! clan ,macleod desir$ t a c]ta9 fairy bann] 9 ! possession ( _! *ief might be unfurl$1#ag4d app>5tly 9 ! belief t ! magical bann] _h only to be display$ to produce a f9e crop ( potatoes4 ,sid5ote3 ,t\*+ = ! ,k+'s ,evil4 ,p]haps ! la/ relic ( su* sup]/itions :i* l+]$ ab\t our ,engli% k+s 0 ! notion t !y c\ld heal scr(ula by _! t\*4 ,! disease 0 accord+ly kn[n z ! ,k+'s ,evil2#ag4e & on ! analogy ( ! ,polynesian sup]/itions :i* ,i h cit$1 we may p]haps conjecture t ! sk9 disease ( scr(ula 0 orig9ally suppos$ to be caus$ z well z cur$ by ! k+'s t\*4 ,c]ta9 x is t 9 ,tonga "s =ms ( scr(ula1 z well z indurations ( ! liv]1 to :i* ! natives 7 v subject1 7 ?\ght to be caus$ by t\*+ a *ief & #ah to be heal$1 on homopa?ic pr9ciples1 9 ! v same fa%ion4#ah4a ,simil>ly 9 ,loango palsy is call$ ! k+'s disease1 because ! negroes imag9e x to be heav5's own puni%m5t = treason m$itat$ aga9/ ! k+4#ah4b ,! belief 9 ! k+'s p[] to heal by t\* is kn[n to h be5 held bo? 9 ,france & ,engl& f ! elev5? c5tury onw>d4 ,! fir/ ,fr5* k+ to t\* ! sick appe>s to h be5 ,rob]t ! ,pi\s1 ! fir/ ,engli% k+ ,edw>d ! ,confessor4#ah4c ,9 ,engl& ! belief t ! k+ c\ld heal scr(ula by 8 t\* surviv$ into ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,dr4 ,johnson 0 t\*$ 9 8 *ildhood = scr(ula by ,que5 ,anne4#ah4d ,x is curi\s t s typical a repres5tative ( robu/ common s5se z ,dr4 ,johnson %\ld 9 8 *ildhood & old age h ?us be5 br\ght into contact ) ^! anci5t sup]/itions ab\t royalty bo? 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,9 ,france ! sup]/ition l+]$ a good deal long]1 = :]eas ,que5 ,anne 0 ! la/ reign+ mon>* 9 ,engl& to t\* = scr(ula1 bo? ,l\is ,,xv4 & ,l\is ,,xvi4 at _! coronation t\*$ ?\s&s ( pati5ts1 & z late z #ahbd ,*>les ,x4 at 8 coronation w5t ?r\gh ! same solemn f>ce4 ,x is said t ! sceptical wits ( ,l\is ,,xvi4's "t inve/igat$ all ! cases ( ! p]sons on :om ! k+ _h laid h&s at 8 coronation1 ) ! result t out ( two ?\s& f\r hundr$ :o 7 t\*$ only five 7 made :ole4#ah4e ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion4 ,! =ego+ evid5ce1 summ>y z x is1 may suffice to prove t _m peoples h reg>d$ _! rul]s1 :e!r *iefs or k+s1 ) sup]/iti\s awe z be+s ( a high] ord] & end[$ ) mighti] p[]s ?an common folk4 ,imbu$ ) su* a pr(\nd v5]ation = _! gov]nors & ) su* an exagg]at$ conception ( _! p[]1 !y _c b h yield$ !m a prompt] & m implicit ob$i5ce ?an if !y _h #ai kn[n !m to be m5 ( common m\ld j l !mselves4 ,if t is s1 ,i may claim to h prov$ my fir/ proposition1 :i* is1 t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = gov]nm5t1 especially mon>*ical gov]nm5t1 & has !reby contribut$ to ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( civil ord]4 ,,iii4 ,,private ,,prop]ty #bj ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition z a prop ( private prop]ty4 ,i pass n[ to my second proposition1 :i* is1 t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = private prop]ty1 & has !reby contribut$ to ! security ( its enjoym5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,taboo 9 ,polynesia4 ,n[h]e1 p]haps1 does ?is appe> m pla9ly ?an 9 ,polynesia1 :]e ! sy/em ( taboo rea*$ its highe/ developm5t2 = ! effect ( taboo+ a ?+ 01 9 ! op9ion ( ! natives1 to end[ x ) a sup]natural or magical en]gy :i* r5d]$ x practically unapproa*able by any b ! own]4 ,?us taboo became a p[]ful in/rum5t = /r5g!n+ ! ties1 p]haps our sociali/ fri5ds w\ld say rivet+ ! *a9s1 ( private prop]ty4 ,inde$1 "s good au?orities :o 7 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) ! work+ ( taboo 9 ,polynesia1 h held t ! sy/em 0 orig9ally devis$ = no o!r purpose4 ,sid5ote3 ,taboo among ! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,= example1 an ,iri%man :o liv$ z a ,maori ) ! ,maoris = ye>s1 & knew !m intimately1 writes z foll[s3 8,! orig9al object ( ! ord9>y tapu seems to h be5 ! pres]vation ( prop]ty4 ,( ?is nature 9 a great degree 0 ! ord9>y p]sonal tapu4 ,?is =m ( ! tapu 0 p]man5t1 & consi/$ 9 a c]ta9 sacr$ "* :i* atta*$ to ! p]son ( a *ief & nev] left him4 ,x 0 8 bir?right1 a "p 9 fact ( himself1 ( :i* he c\ld n be dive/$1 & :i* 0 well und]/ood & recogniz$ at all times z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,! fight+ m5 & petty *iefs1 & e "o inde$ :o c\ld by any means claim ! title ( rangatira--:i* 9 ! s5se ,i n[ use x means g5tleman--7 all 9 #ba "s degree m or less possess$ ( ?is my/]i\s quality4 ,x ext5d$ or 0 communicat$ to all _! moveable prop]ty1 especially to _! clo!s1 weapons1 ornam5ts1 & tools1 & to ev]y?+ 9 fact :i* !y t\*$4 ,?is prev5t$ _! *attels f be+ /ol5 or mislaid1 or spoil$ by *ildr51 or us$ or h&l$ 9 any way by o!rs4 ,& z 9 ! old times1 z ,i h be=e /at$1 e k9d ( prop]ty ( ?is k9d 0 preci\s 9 consequ5ce ( ! great lab\r & "t necess>ily1 = want ( iron tools1 exp5d$ 9 ! manufacture1 ?is =m ( ! tapu 0 ( great real s]vice4 ,an infr+em5t ( x subject$ ! (f5d] to v>i\s dreadful imag9>y puni%m5ts1 ( :i* deadly sickness 0 "o40 ,! culprit 0 also liable to :at may be call$ a civil action1 :i* consi/$ 9 be+ robb$ & beat52 b ! writ] :om ,i h j quot$ tells u t ! wor/ "p ( ! puni%m5t = break+ taboo 0 ! imag9>y "p1 s9ce ev5 :5 ! (f5ce _h be5 committ$ unwitt+ly ! (f5d] has be5 kn[n to die ( fright on le>n+ :at he _h done4#ba4a ,simil>ly1 ano!r writ]1 speak+ ( ! ,maoris1 obs]ves t 8violators ( ! tapu 7 puni%$ by ! gods & also by m54 ,! =m] s5t sickness & dea?2 ! latt] inflict$ dea?1 loss ( prop]ty1 & expulsion f society4 ,x 0 a dread ( ! gods1 m ?an ( m51 :i* upheld ! tapu4 ,human eyes might be deceiv$1 b ! eyes ( ! gods c\ld nev] be deceiv$40#ba4b 8,! *iefs1 z might be expect$1 are fully aw>e ( ! advantages ( ! tapu1 f9d+ t x conf]s on !m1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! p[] ( mak+ laws1 & ! sup]/ition on :i* ! tapu is f\nd$ w ensure ! obs]vance ( !m4 ,7 !y to transgress ! tapu1 !y believe t ! attua 7,god7 w\ld kill !m1 & s univ]sal is ?is belief t x is1 or r 01 a v r>e occurr5ce to f9d any "o d>+ en\gh to commit ! #bb sacrilege4 ,to h pres]v$ ?is influ5ce s completely among a p naturally s %rewd & intellig5t1 great c>e mu/1 no d\bt1 h be5 tak5 n to apply x unless 9 ! usual & recognis$ mann]4 ,to h done o!rwise w\ld h l$ to its be+ frequ5tly transgress$2 & consequ5tly to ! loss ( its influ5ce4 ,be=e ! natives came into contact ) ! ,europeans ! tapu seems to h act$ ) ! mo/ complete success2 z ! belief 0 g5]al1 t any disreg>d ( x w\ld infallibly subject ! (f5d] to ! ang] ( ! attua1 & dea? w\ld be ! consequ5ce4 ,indep5d5tly1 h[ev]1 ( ! support :i* ! tapu d]ives f ! sup]/iti\s fe>s ( ^! p1 x has1 l mo/ o!r laws1 an appeal to physical =ce 9 case ( necessity4 ,a del9qu5t1 if discov]$1 w\ld be /ripp$ ( ev]y?+ he possess$2 & if a slave1 w\ld 9 all probability be put to dea?--_m in/ances ( :i* h actually occurr$4 ,s p[]ful is ?is sup]/iti\s feel+1 t slaves w n v5ture to eat ( ! same food z _! ma/]2 or ev5 to cook at ! same fire2 believ+ t ! attua w\ld kill !m if !y did s4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t1 or belong+ to1 a *ief is acc\nt$ sacr$ by ! slaves4 ,fond z !y are ( tobacco1 x w\ld be p]fectly secure ?\gh left expos$ on ! ro( ( a *ief's h\se2 no "o w\ld v5ture to t\* x4 ,to try !m1 a fri5d ( m9e gave a fig ( tobacco to a slave2 :o1 aft] hav+ us$ x1 0 in=m$ t x _h be5 on ! ro( ( ! *ief's h\se4 ,! poor fell[1 9 ! greate/ con/]nation1 w5t imm$iately to ! *ief tell+ him :at _h happ5$1 & besee*+ him to take (f ! tapu f ! tobacco to prev5t ! evil consequ5ces40#bb4a ,sid5ote3 ,taboo z a pres]v] ( prop]ty4 ,h5ce x has be5 truly said t 8?is =m ( tapu 0 a great pres]v] ( prop]ty4 ,! mo/ valuable articles might1 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 be left to its protection1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! own]s1 = any l5g? ( "t40#bb4b ,if any "o wi%$ to pres]ve 8 crop1 8 h\se1 8 g>m5ts1 or any?+ else1 he _h only to taboo ! prop]ty1 & x 0 safe4 ,to %ew t ! ?+ 0 taboo$1 he put a m>k #bc to x4 ,?us1 if he wi%$ to use a p>ticul> tree 9 ! =e/ to make a canoe1 he ti$ a wisp ( grass to ! trunk2 if he desir$ to appropriate a pat* ( bulru% 9 a swamp1 he /uck up a pole 9 x ) a bun* ( grass at ! top2 if he left 8 h\se ) all its valuables1 to take c>e ( itself1 he secur$ ! door ) a bit ( flax1 & ! place /raightway became inviolable1 nobody w\ld m$dle ) x4#bc4a ,h5ce al?\gh ! re/rictions impos$ by taboo 7 (t5 vexati\s & absurd1 & ! :ole sy/em has sometimes be5 d5\nc$ by ,europeans z a degrad+ sup]/ition1 yet obs]v]s :o look$ a little deep] h rightly p]ceiv$ t its enactm5ts1 en=c$ ma9ly by imag9>y b /ill p[]ful sanctions1 7 (t5 b5eficial4 8,! ,new ,zeal&]s10 says "o writ]1 8c\ld n h be5 gov]n$ )\t "s code ( laws analog\s to ! tapu4 ,w>riors submitt$ to ! suppos$ decrees ( ! gods :o w\ld h spurn$ ) contempt ! ord]s ( m51 & x 0 bett] ! p %\ld be rul$ by sup]/ition ?an by brute =ce40#bc4b ,aga91 an exp]i5c$ mission>y1 :o knew ! ,maoris well1 writes t 8! tapu 9 _m in/ances 0 b5eficial2 consid]+ ! /ate ( society1 abs5ce ( law1 & fi]ce "* ( ! p1 x =m$ no bad sub/itute = a dictatorial =m ( gov]nm5t1 & made ! ne>e/ approa* to an organiz$ /ate ( society40#bc4c ,sid5ote3 ,taboo 9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ,polynesia ! sy/em ( taboo ) its att5dant advantages & disadvantages1 its uses & abuses1 0 practically ! same1 & ev]y:]e1 z 9 ,new ,zeal&1 x tight5$ = good or evil ! ties ( private prop]ty4 ,?is inde$ 0 p]haps ! mo/ obvi\s effect ( ! in/itution4 ,9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 x is said1 taboo 0 inve/$ ) a div9e "* z ! expression ( ! w ( ! gods reveal$ to ! prie/s2 z su* x set b\nds to injuri\s excesses1 prev5t$ depr$ations1 & unit$ ! p4 ,especially x conv]t$ ! taboo$ or privileg$ classes into l&$ proprietors2 ! l& belong$ to !m alone & to _! heirs2 common #bd folk liv$ by indu/ry & by fi%+4 ,taboo 0 ! bulw>k ( ! l&[n]s2 x 0 t alone :i* elevat$ !m by a sort ( div9e "r into a position ( afflu5ce & luxury above ! vulg>2 x 0 t alone :i* ensur$ _! safety & protect$ !m f ! encroa*m5ts ( _! poor & envi\s neighb\rs4 8,)\t d\bt10 say ! writ]s f :om ,i borr[ ^! obs]vations1 8! fir/ mission ( taboo 0 to e/abli% prop]ty1 ! base ( all society40#bd4a ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s fe> z a pres]v] ( prop]ty 9 ,samoa4 ,9 ,samoa also sup]/ition play$ a great "p 9 fo/]+ a respect = private prop]ty4 ,t x did s1 we h ! te/imony ( a mission>y1 ,dr4 ,george ,turn]1 :o liv$ = _m ye>s among ! ,samoans & has giv5 u a v valuable acc\nt ( _! cu/oms4 ,he says3 8,i ha/5 to notice ! second ?+ :i* ,i h already rem>k$ 0 an auxili>y t[>ds ! ma9t5ance ( peace & ord] 9 ,samoa1 viz4 sup]/iti\s fe>4 ,if ! *ief & heads ( families1 9 _! c\rt ( inquiry into any case ( /eal+1 or o!r conceal$ matt]1 _h a difficulty 9 f9d+ out ! culprit1 !y w\ld make all involv$ swe> t !y 7 innoc5t4 ,9 swe>+ be=e ! *iefs ! suspect$ p>ties laid a h&ful ( grass on ! /one1 or :atev] x 01 :i* 0 suppos$ to be ! repres5tative ( ! village god1 & lay+ _! h& on x1 w\ld say1 #8,9 ! pres5ce ( our *iefs n[ assembl$1 ,i lay my h& on ! /one4 ,if ,i /ole ! ?+ may ,i spe$ily die4' ,?is 0 a common mode ( swe>+4 ,! mean+ ( ! grass 0 a sil5t additional imprecation t 8 family might all die1 & t grass might gr[ ov] _! habitation4 ,if all swore1 & ! culprit 0 /ill undiscov]$1 ! *iefs !n w\nd up ! affair by committ+ ! case to ! village god1 & solemnly invok+ him to m>k out = spe$y de/ruction ! guilty #be mis*ief-mak]4 ,b1 in/ead ( appeal+ to ! *iefs1 & call+ = an oa?1 _m 7 cont5t$ ) _! own individual s*emes & imprecations to fright5 ?ieves & prev5t /eal+4 ,:5 a man w5t to 8 plantation & saw t "s cocoa-nuts1 or a bun* ( bananas1 _h be5 /ol51 he w\ld /& & %\t at ! top ( 8 voice two or ?ree times1 #8,may fire bla/ ! eyes ( ! p]son :o has /ol5 my bananas6 ,may fire burn d[n 8 eyes & ! eyes ( 8 god too6' ,?is rang ?r\gh\t ! adjac5t plantations1 & made ! ?ief tremble4 ,!y dread$ su* utt]$ imprecations4''' ,b !re 0 ano!r & m ext5sive class ( curses1 :i* 7 also fe>$1 & =m$ a p[]ful *eck on /eal+1 especially f plantations & fruit trees1 viz4 ! sil5t hi]oglyphic taboo1 or tapui 7tapooe71 z !y call x4 ,( ?is !re 0 a great v>iety40#be4a ,sid5ote3 ,samoan taboos4 ,among ! ,samoan taboos :i* 7 employ$ = ! protection ( prop]ty 7 ! foll[+3--#a4 ,! sea-pike taboo4 ,to prev5t 8 bread-fruits f be+ /ol5 a man w\ld plait "s coco-nut leaflets 9 ! =m ( a sea-pike & hang "o or m su* effigies f ! trees :i* he wi%$ to protect4 ,any ord9>y ?ief w\ld be afraid to t\* a tree ?us gu>d$1 = he believ$ t if he /ole ! fruit a sea-pike w\ld mortally w\nd him ! next "t he w5t to sea4 #b4 ,! :ite-%>k taboo4 ,a man w\ld plait a coco-nut leaf 9 ! %ape ( a %>k & hang x on a tree4 ,?is 0 equival5t to an imprecation t ! ?ief might be dev\r$ by a %>k ! next "t he w5t to fi%4 #c4 ,! cross-/ick taboo4 ,?is 0 a /ick hung horizontally on ! tree4 ,x express$ a wi% t :oev] /ole fruit f ! tree might be afflict$ ) a sore runn+ "r across 8 body till he di$4 #d4 ,! ulc] taboo4 ,?is 0 made by bury+ "s pieces ( clam-%ell 9 ! gr\nd & sett+ up at ! spot sev]al re$s ti$ toge!r at ! top 9 a bun* l ! head ( a man4 ,by ?is ! own] signifi$ 8 wi% t ! ?ief might be laid l[ ) ulc]\s sores all ov] 8 body4 ,if ! ?ief happ5$ !reaft] to be tr\bl$ ) swell+s or sores1 he confess$ 8 fault & s5t a pres5t to ! #bf own] ( ! l&1 :o 9 return s5t to ! culprit a h]b bo? z a m$ic9e & z a pl$ge ( =giv5ess4 #e4 ,! ?und] taboo4 ,a man w\ld plait coco-nut leaflets 9 ! =m ( a small squ>e mat & susp5d x f a tree1 add+ "s :ite /ream]s ( native clo?4 ,a ?ief believ$ t = trespass+ on su* a tree he or 8 *ildr5 might be /ruck by lightn+1 or p]haps t lightn+ might /rike & bla/ 8 own trees4 8,f ^! few illu/rations10 says ,dr4 ,turn] 9 conclusion1 8x w be obs]v$ t ,samoa =m$ no exception to ! rem>kably widespread sy/em ( sup]/iti\s taboo2 & ! ext5t to :i* x pres]v$ hone/y & ord] among a hea!n p w be readily imag9$40#bf4a ,sid5ote3 ,taboo 9 ,tonga4 ,9 ,tonga a man guilty ( !ft or ( any o!r crime 0 said to h brok5 ! taboo1 & z su* p]sons 7 suppos$ to be p>ticul>ly liable to be bitt5 by %>ks1 all on :om suspicion fell 7 compell$ to g into wat] frequ5t$ by %>ks2 if !y 7 bitt5 or dev\r$1 !y 7 guilty2 if !y escap$1 !y 7 innoc5t4#bf4b ,sid5ote3 ,taboo 9 ,melanesia4 ,9 ,melanesia also a sy/em ( taboo 7tambu1 tapu7 exi/s2 x is describ$ z 8a prohibition ) a curse express$ or impli$10 & d]ives its sanction f a belief t ! *ief or o!r p]son :o imposes a taboo has ! support ( a p[]ful gho/ or _s 7t9dalo74 ,if a common man took x ^u himself to taboo any?+1 p w\ld wat* to see :e!r a transgressor ( ! taboo fell sick2 if he did1 x 0 a pro( t ! man :o impos$ ! taboo 0 back$ by a p[]ful gho/1 & 8 reputation w\ld rise accord+ly4 ,ea* gho/ affect$ a p>ticul> sort ( leaf1 :i* 0 8 taboo m>k4#bf4c ,9 ,new ,brita9 plantations1 coco-nut trees1 & o!r possessions are protect$ aga9/ ?ieves by m>ks ( taboo atta*$ to !m1 & x is ?\ght t :oev] violates ! taboo w be visit$ by sickness or o!r mis=tune4 ,! nature ( ! sickness or mis=tune v>ies ) t ( ! m>k or magical object :i* embodies ! my/ic virtue ( ! taboo4 ,"o plant us$ = ?is purpose w cause ! #bg ?ief's head to a*e2 ano!r w make 8 ?ighs swell2 ano!r w break 8 legs2 & s =?4 ,ev5 ! murmur+ ( a spell ov] a f5ce is believ$ to ensure t :oev] /eals /icks f ! f5ce w h a swoll5 head4#bg4a ,9 ,fiji ! in/itution ( taboo 0 ! secret ( p[] & ! /r5g? ( despotic rule4 ,x 0 wondr\sly diffus$1 affect+ ?+s great & small4 ,"h x might be se5 t5d+ a brood ( *ick5s & !re direct+ ! en]gies ( a k+dom4 ,! cu/om 0 mu* 9 fav\r ) ! *iefs1 :o adju/$ x s t x sat lightly on !m & heavily on o!rs4 ,by x !y ga9$ influ5ce1 suppli$ _! wants1 & comm&$ at w _! inf]iors4 ,9 impos+ a taboo a *ief ne$ only be *eck$ by a reg>d = anci5t prec$5t4 ,inf]ior p]sons endeav\r$ by ! help ( ! sy/em to put _! yam-b$s & planta9-plots )9 a sacr$ pale4#bg4b ,sid5ote3 ,taboo 9 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago4 ,a sy/em ( taboo bas$ on sup]/ition prevails all ov] ! isl&s ( ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 :]e ! common t]m = taboo is pamali1 pomali1 or pemali1 ?\gh 9 "s places o!r words1 su* z poso1 potu1 or boboso are 9 use to express ! same idea4#bg4c ,9 ?is great region also ! sup]/ition associat$ ) taboo is a p[]ful in/rum5t to en=ce ! rights ( private prop]ty4 ,?us1 9 ! isl& ( ,timor 8a preval5t cu/om is ! pomali1 exactly equival5t to ! #8taboo' ( ! ,pacific isl&]s1 & equally respect$4 ,x is us$ on ! commone/ occasions1 & a few palm leaves /uck outside a g>d5 z a sign ( ! pomali w pres]ve its produce f ?ieves z effectually z ! ?reat5+ notice ( man-traps1 spr+ guns1 or a savage dog1 w\ld d ) u40#bg4d ,9 ,amboyna ! ^w = taboo is pamali4 ,a man :o wi%es to protect 8 fruit-trees or o!r possessions aga9/ !ft may d x 9 v>i\s ways4 ,= example1 he may make a :ite cross on a pot #bh & hang ! pot on ! fruit-tree2 !n ! ?ief :o /eals fruit f t tree w be a lep]4 ,or he may place ! effigy ( a m\se "u ! tree2 !n ! ?ief w h m>ks on 8 nose & e>s z if a m\se _h gnaw$ !m4 ,or he may plait dry sago leaves into two r\nd discs & tie !m to ! tree2 !n ! ?ief's body w swell up & bur/4#bh4a ,9 ,c]am ! me?ods ( protect+ prop]ty f ?ieves are simil>4 ,= example1 a man places a pig's jaw 9 ! bran*es ( 8 fruit-tree2 aft] t any p]son :o d>es to /eal ! fruit f ! tree w be r5t 9 pieces by a wild bo>4 ,! image ( a crocodile ) a ?read ( r$ cotton ti$ r\nd its neck w be equally efficaci\s2 ! ?ief w be dev\r$ by a crocodile4 ,a wood5 effigy ( a snake w make ! culprit to be /ung by a s]p5t4 ,a figure ( a cat ) a r$ b& r\nd its neck w cause all :o approa* ! tree ) evil int5tions to suff] f excruciat+ pa9s 9 _! /oma*s1 z if a cat 7 claw+ _! insides4#bh4b ,an image ( a swall[ w cause ! ?ief to suff] z if a swall[ 7 peck+ 8 eyes out3 a piece ( ?orny wood & a r$ spongy /one w inflict pi]c+ pangs on him & make 8 :ole body to be r$ & pitt$ ) m9ute holes3 a burnt-out br& w cause 8 h\se to bur/ into flames1 )\t any app>5t reason2 & s on4#bh4c ,simil>ly 9 ! ,c]am ,laut ,isl&s a man protects 8 coco-nut trees or sago palms by plac+ *>m$ objects at ! foot ( !m4 ,= example1 he puts ! effigy ( a fi% "u 8 coco-nut tree & says1 8,gr&fa!r fi%1 cause ! p]son :o /eals my coco-nuts to be sick & vomit40 ,! culprit accord+ly is seiz$ ) pa9s 9 8 /oma* & c only be reliev$ ( !m by ! own] ( ! coco-nuts1 :o spits betel-nut juice on ! ail+ "p & bl[s into ! suff]]'s e>1 say+1 8,gr&fa!r fi%1 return to ! sea4 ,y h !re room en\gh & great rocks ( coral :]e y c #bi swim ab\t40 ,or aga9 he may make a m9iature c(f9 & place x on ! gr\nd "u ! tree2 !n ! ?ief w suff] f %ortness ( brea? & a feel+ ( suffocation1 z if he 7 actually %ut up 9 a c(f94 ,& _m o!r devices !re are :]eby 9 ^! isl&s ! own] ( fruit-trees protects ! fruit f ! depr$ations ( 8 unscrupul\s neighb\rs4 ,9 e case he deposits at ! foot ( ! tree or fa/5s to ! trunk a *>m$ object1 :i* he reg>ds z end[$ ) sup]natural p[]s1 & he invokes its aid to gu>d 8 possessions4#bi4a ,sid5ote3 ,*>ms = ! protection ( fruit-trees 9 ,c5tral ,celebes4 ,! ,b>e'e-speak+ ,toradjas ( ,c5tral ,celebes protect _! fruit-trees1 especially _! sirih plants & _! coco-nut palms aga9/ ?ieves by amulets or *>ms ( v>i\s sorts :i* !y atta* to ! trees4 ,! *>ms consi/ ( ! leaves ( c]ta9 plants or p>ts ( an animal ti$ up 9 leaves4 ,be=e ! own] fa/5s "o ( ^! amulets to ! tree1 he says1 8,o *>m 7ooroo71 if any man w take ( ^! fruits1 make him sick40 ,& ! p 9 g5]al believe t sickness w ov]take ! ?ief :o disreg>ds ! taboo & /eals ! fruit4 ,! k9d ( sickness or o!r mi%ap :i* w visit ! s9n] v>ies ) ! nature ( ! *>m4 ,! qualities ( ! object :i* is fa/5$ to ! tree are suppos$ to ent] into ! culprit's body & to affect him accord+ly4 ,= example1 if ! *>m consi/s ( a p>ticul> %>p-edg$ grass1 !n ! ?ief w feel %>p pa9s 9 8 body2 if x is "p ( a :ite ant heap1 he w be afflict$ ) leprosy2 if x is a c]ta9 we$ ( :i* ! fruit drops (f easily1 8 tee? w fall out2 if x is a plant ^: leaves cause it*+1 8 body w it* all ov]2 if x is ! draca5a t]m9alis1 he w be kill$ 9 w>2 & s on4 ,!re is a great v>iety ( ^! amulets = ! protection ( fruit-trees2 e man has 8 own 9 :i* he puts 8 tru/4 ,yet :ile ! ,toradjas believe t sickness or o!r mis=tune foll[s automatically ! brea* ( su* taboos1 nev]!less !y allege t !y "k h[ to evade ! =ce & vigilance ( ! *>m & to eat ( ! =bidd5 fruit ) impunity4 ,"o ( ! exp$i5ts adopt$ = t purpose is z foll[s4 ,y take a h&ful ( e>? & ?r[ x at ! tree2 !n ) #cj y\r *opp+-knife y *ip a spl9t] f ! trunk1 & address+ ! protective *>m y say1 8,make ! e>? sick fir/1 & !n ! *opp+-knife1 & !n me40 ,aft] t y h practically no?+ to fe> f ! amulet1 & y c /eal ! fruit & eat x at y\r ease4 ,b t is n all4 ,"s artful ?ieves are able n m]ely to c\nt]act ! *>m & r5d] x p[]less aga9/ !mselves2 !y c ev5 rev]se its action & direct x aga9/ ! own] ( ! tree himself4 ,inde$1 s well-recogniz$ is ?is p[] t _m a prud5t ,toradja refuses to protect 8 trees ) amulets at all1 le/ 9 do+ s he %\ld be simply putt+ 9 ! h&s ( 8 enemies a weapon to be us$ by !m = 8 own de/ruction4 ,"o ( ! ways 9 :i* a cunn+ robb] w ?us defeat ! ends ( ju/ice is ?is4 ,he goes boldly up to ! fruit-tree :i* he int5ds to rob1 removes ! *>m f x1 & hangs x up some:]e else4 ,!n he lays a plank on ! gr\nd ) "o end ( x t\*+ ! trunk ( ! fruit-tree2 on ?is plank he walks up to ! tree & calmly appropriates ! fruit4 ,! *>m1 ( c\rse1 9 ! meantime is helpless1 s9ce x is n on ! tree4 ,:5 he has /ripp$ ! fruit1 ! rascal re/ores ! *>m to its prop] place & removes ! plank4 ,aga91 ! gu>dian *>m is helpless2 x _c pursue ! ?ief1 s9ce he has c>ri$ away ! plank1 leav+ no possible exit f ! tree4 ,?us ! fai?ful gu>dian is1 z x 71 imprison$ 9 ! ca/le :i* he has be5 set to gu>d2 he frets & fumes at 8 conf9em5t1 & 9 8 bl9d rage w fall f\l ( ! own] ( ! tree himself :5 next he comes to inspect 8 prop]ty4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 ! simple/ & easie/ mode ( hoi/+ a fruit-f>m] ) 8 pet>d4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r ways ( do+ x4 ,"o ( !m is to get up into ! tree & hang by y\r feet f a bran* ) y\r head d[n1 &1 :ile ?us susp5d$ 9 ! air1 to *ew ! root ( a /++ nettle4 ,?is causes ! own] ( ! tree ei!r to be eat5 up by a crocodile or to p]i% 9 w>4 ,a v popul> *>m among ! ,m\nta9 ,toradjas ( ,c5tral ,celebes is to take ! head or paw ( an iguana & hang x on ! fruit-tree :i* is to be protect$4 ,! head bites ! ?ief's head1 & ! paw grabs him by ! #ca leg1 s t he feels excruciat+ pa9s 9 ^! portions ( 8 frame4 ,b if y hang up ! :ole c>case1 ! ?ief is a dead man4#ca4a ,sid5ote3 ,taboo 7fady7 9 ,madagasc>4 ,9 ,madagasc> !re is an elaborate sy/em ( taboo kn[n z fady4#ca4b ,x has be5 c>efully /udi$ 9 a le>n$ monograph by ,pr(essor ,a4 van ,g5nep1#ca4c :o argues t orig9ally all prop]ty 0 bas$ on religion1 & t m>ks ( prop]ty 7 m>ks ( taboo4#ca4d ,h[ev]1 s f> z ! evid5ce p]mits u to judge1 x does n appe> t ! sy/em has be5 us$ by ! ,malagasy = ! protection ( prop]ty to ! same ext5t z by ! ,polynesians1 ! ,melanesians1 & ! ,indonesians4 ,b we he> ( ,malagasy *>ms plac$ 9 ! fields to afflict ) leprosy & o!r maladies any p]sons :o %\ld d>e to /eal f !m4#ca4e ,& we are told t "s examples ( fady or taboo 8seem to imply a curi\s basis = ! moral code 9 reg>d to ! rights ( prop]ty among ! la/ g5]ation ( ,malagasy4 ,x does n appe> to h be5 fady to /eal 9 g5]al1 b c]ta9 articles 7 specifi$1 to /eal :i* !re 7 v>i\s p5alties atta*$4 ,?us1 to /eal an egg caus$ ! ?ief to become lepr\s2 to /eal l&y 7native silk7 caus$ bl9dness or "s o!r infirmity4 ,& to /eal iron 0 also visit$ by "s bodily affliction40#ca4f ,9 ord] to recov] /ol5 prop]ty ! ,malagasy _h rec\rse to a deity call$ ,raman&roany4 ,! own] w\ld take a remnant ( ! ?+ t _h be5 purlo9$1 & go+ ) x to ! idol w\ld say1 8,z to :oev] /ole our prop]ty1 ,o ,raman&roany1 kill him by day1 de/roy him by night1 & /rangle him2 let !re be none among/ m5 l him2 let him n be able to increase 9 ri*es1 n ev5 a f>?+1 b let him pick up 8 livelihood z a h5 pecks rice-gra9s2 let 8 eyes be bl9d$1 & 8 knees swoll51 #cb ,o ,raman&roany40 ,x 0 suppos$ t ^! curses fell on ! ?ief4#cb4a ,sid5ote3 ,prop]ty protect$ by sup]/iti\s fe>s else:]e4 ,simil> modes ( en=c+ ! rights ( private prop]ty by ! aid ( sup]/iti\s fe>s h be5 adopt$ 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! subject has be5 copi\sly illu/rat$ by ,dr4 ,edw>d ,we/]m>ck 9 8 v le>n$ "w on ! orig9 & developm5t ( ! moral ideas4#cb4b ,"h ,i w cite only a few cases out ( _m4 ,! ,k\is ( ,laos1 on ! bord]s ( ,siam1 protect _! plantations aga9/ ?ieves 9 a v simple way4 ,!y place a 8%ak+ tub]cule0 7prateal an*ot7 on ! l& :i* is to be gu>d$2 & if any ?ief %\ld !reaft] d>e to lay h&s on ! crop1 he is imm$iately seiz$ by a %ak+ fit l t ( a dr5*$ dog & _c budge f ! spot4 ,!y say t a fi%]man at ,sangkeah employ$ ?is *>m ) ! be/ results4 ,he us$ always to f9d 8 b[-net empty till "o day he _h ! happy ?\ght ( protect+ x by a 8%ak+ tub]cule40 ,x act$ l magic4 ,! ?ief w5t d[n z usual into ! riv] & br\ght up ! net full ( fi%4 ,b h>dly _h he /epp$ on ! bank :5 he began to %iv] & %ake1 ) ! dripp+ net & its wri?+ silv]y cont5ts glu$ to 8 brea/4 ,two days aft]w>ds1 ! proprietor1 mak+ 8 r\nds1 discov]$ ! ?ief on ! same spot1 %iv]+ & *att]+ away z h>d z #cc ev]1 b ( c\rse ! fi% 9 ! net 7 dead & rott54#cc4a ,among ! ,kaw>s1 a primitive hill tribe ( ! ,c5tral ,prov9ces 9 ,india1 8! sword1 ! gun1 ! axe1 ! spe> h ea* a special deity1 & 9 fact 9 ! ,bangawan1 ! tract :]e ! wild] ,kaw>s dwell1 x is believ$ t e article ( h\sehold furniture is ! resid5ce ( a _s1 & t if any "o /eals or injures x )\t ! own]'s leave ! _s w br+ "s mis=tune on him 9 rev5ge4 ,!ft is said to be unkn[n among !m1 p>tly on ?is acc\nt & p>tly p]haps because no "o has mu* prop]ty wor? /eal+40#cc4b ,9 ,ceylon1 :5 a p]son wi%es to protect 8 fruit-trees f ?ieves1 he hangs up c]ta9 grotesque figures r\nd ! or*>d & d$icates x to ! devils4 ,aft] t no native w d>e to t\* ! fruit2 ev5 ! own] himself w n v5ture to use x till ! *>m has be5 remov$ by a prie/1 :o naturally receives "s ( ! fruit = 8 tr\ble4#cc4c ,! ,indians ( ,cumana 9 ,s\? ,am]ica surr\nd$ _! plantations ) a s+le cotton ?read1 & ?is 0 safegu>d en\gh2 = x 0 believ$ t any trespass] w\ld soon die4 ,! ,juris ( ,brazil adopt ! same simple means ( /opp+ gaps 9 _! f5ces4#cc4d ,sid5ote3 ,prop]ty 9 ,annam protect$ by gho/s & curses4 ,! ,annamites 9 ! int]ior ( ,tonqu9 believe t ! gho/s ( "y girls :o h be5 buri$ 9 a corn] ( ! dwell+ act z a vigilant police2 if ?ieves h made _! way into ! h\se & are prep>+ to dep>t ) _! booty1 !y he> ! voice ( a gho/ enum]at+ ! ?+s on :i* !y h laid h&s1 & 9 a panic !y drop !m & take to flight4#cc4e ,b if 9 spite ( all an ,annamite %\ld *ance to be robb$1 he c easily recov] ! /ol5 prop]ty z foll[s4 ,) a clod ( e>? tak5 f ! kit*5 floor1 a p9* ( v]milion1 ! :ite ( an egg1 & a little alcohol he makes a ball1 :i* /&s = ! head ( ! ?ief4 ,?is he puts 9 ! fire on #cd ! he>?1 & hav+ lit "s inc5se /icks he pron\nces ! foll[+ incantation3 8,on su* a day ( su* a mon? ( su* a ye> ,s-&-s 0 robb$ ( v>i\s ?+s4 ,! "n ( ! ?ief is unkn[n4 ,i pray ! gu>dian-_s ( ! kit*5 to hold ! rascal's head 9 ! fire t x may burn40 ,aft] t1 if ! ?ief does n re/ore ! /ol5 prop]ty1 he w be a dead man )9 a mon?4#cd4a ,sid5ote3 ,?ieves curs$ 9 ,nias4 ,simil>ly 9 ,nias1 an isl& to ! we/ ( ,sumatra1 :5 a ?ief _c be f\nd he is curs$1 & to give weight to ! curse a dog is burn$ alive4 ,:ile ! animal is expir+ 9 torm5ts1 ! man :o has be5 robb$ expresses 8 wi% t ! ?ief may likewise die 9 agony2 & !y say t ?ieves :o h be5 (t5 curs$ d die scream+4#cd4b ,sid5ote3 ,?ieves curs$ among ! ,sea ,dyaks ( ,borneo4 ,curses are also employ$ = ! same purpose ) excell5t effect by ! ,sea ,dyaks ( ,borneo4 ,on ?is po9t a mission>y be>s ! foll[+ te/imony4 8,) an exp]i5ce ( ne>ly tw5ty ye>s 9 ,borneo1 dur+ :i* ,i came into contact ) ?\s&s ( ! p1 ,i h kn[n ( only two in/ances ( !ft among ! ,dyaks4 ,"o 0 a !ft ( rice4 ,! woman :o lo/ ! rice mo/ solemnly & publicly curs$ ! ?ief1 :oev] x might be4 ,! next night ! rice 0 secretly left at h] door4 ,! o!r 0 a !ft ( money4 ,9 ?is case1 too1 ! ?ief 0 curs$4 ,! great] "p ( ! money 0 aft]w>ds f\nd return$ to ! box f :i* x _h be5 ab/ract$4 ,bo? ^! incid5ts %[ ! great dread ! ,dyak has ( a curse4 ,ev5 an undes]v$ curse is consid]$ a t]rible ?+1 &1 accord+ to ,dyak law1 to curse a p]son = no reason at all is a f9eable (f5ce4 8,a ,dyak curse is a t]rible ?+ to li/5 to4 ,i h only once he>d a ,dyak curse1 & ,i am sure ,i d n want to d s aga94 ,i 0 travell+ 9 ! ,s>ibas di/rict1 & at t "t _m ( ! ,dyaks !re _h gone 9 = c(fee-plant+2 inde$1 sev]al ( !m _h />t$ c(fee plantations on a small scale4 ,a woman told me t "s "o _h ov] & ov] aga9 /ol5 ! ripe c(fee-b]ries f h] plantation4 ,n only 7 ! ripe b]ries /ol51 b ! ?ief _h c>elessly pick$ _m ( ! "y b]ries & #ce ?r[n !m on ! gr\nd1 & _m ( ! bran*es ( ! plants _h be5 brok5 (f4 ,9 ! ev5+1 :5 ,i 0 seat$ 9 ! public "p ( ! h\se ) _m ,dyak m5 & wom5 r\nd me1 we happ5$ to talk ab\t c(fee-plant+4 ,! woman 0 pres5t1 & told u ( h] exp]i5ces1 & h[ h] c(fee _h be5 /ol5 by "s ?ief1 :o1 %e ?\ght1 mu/ be "o ( ! inmates ( ! h\se4 ,!n %e solemnly curs$ ! ?ief4 ,%e began 9 a calm voice1 b work$ h]self up into a fr5zy4 ,we all li/5$ horror-/ruck1 & no "o int]rupt$ h]4 ,%e began by say+ :at _h happ5$1 & h[ ^! !fts _h gone on = "s "t4 ,%e _h said no?+ be=e1 hop+ t ! ?ief w\ld m5d 8 ways2 b ! matt] _h gone on long en\gh1 & %e 0 go+ to curse ! ?ief1 z no?+1 %e felt sure1 w\ld make him give up 8 evil ways4 ,%e call$ on all ! spirits ( ! wat]s & ! hills & ! air to li/5 to h] words & to aid h]4 ,%e began quietly1 b became m excit$ z %e w5t on4 ,%e said some?+ ( ?is k9d3 ,sid5ote3 ,curses on a man ?ief4 8#8,if ! ?ief be a man1 may he be un=tunate 9 all he und]takes6 ,may he suff] f a disease t does n kill him1 b makes him helpless--always 9 pa9--& a burd5 to o!rs4 ,may 8 wife be unfai?ful to him1 & 8 *ildr5 become z lazy & di%one/ z he is himself4 ,if he g out on ! w>-pa?1 may he be kill$1 & 8 head smok$ ov] ! enemy's fire4 ,if he be boat+1 may 8 boat be swamp$ & may he be dr[n$4 ,if he be out fi%+1 may an alligator kill him sudd5ly1 & may 8 relatives nev] f9d 8 body4 ,if he be cutt+ d[n a tree 9 ! jungle1 may ! tree fall on him & cru% him to dea?4 ,may ! gods curse 8 f>m s t he may h no crops1 & h no?+ to eat1 & :5 he begs = food1 may he be refus$1 & die ( />vation4 ,sid5ote3 ,curses on a woman ?ief4 8#8,if ! ?ief be a woman1 may %e be *ildless1 or if %e happ5 to be ) *ild let h] be disappo9t$1 & let h] *ild be /ill-born1 or1 bett] /ill1 let h] die 9 *ildbir?4 ,may h] husb& be untrue to h]1 & despise h] & ill-treat h]4 ,may h] *ildr5 all des]t h] if %e live to gr[ old4 ,may %e suff] f su* diseases z are peculi> to wom51 & may h] eyesight gr[ dim z ! ye>s g #cf on1 & may !re be no "o to help h] or lead h] ab\t :5 %e is bl9d4' 8,i h only giv5 ! sub/ance ( :at %e said2 b ,i %all nev] =get ! sil5ce & ! aw$ faces ( ^? :o he>d h]4 ,i left ! h\se e>ly next morn+1 s ,i d n "k :at 0 ! result ( h] curse--:e!r ! ?ief confess$ or n40#cf4a ,sid5ote3 ,?ieves curs$ 9 anci5t ,greece4 ,! anci5t ,greeks seem to h made a v lib]al use ( curses z a *eap & effective mode ( protect+ prop]ty1 :i* disp5ses ! injur$ p>ty f resort+ to ! t$i\s1 exp5sive1 & too (t5 fruitless =malities ( ! law4 ,^! curses !y inscrib$ on tablets ( lead & o!r mat]ials & deposit$ ei!r 9 ! place :i* 0 to be protect$ f depr$ation or 9 ! temple ( ! god to ^: t5d] m]cies ! crim9al 0 committ$4 ,= example1 9 a sacr$ prec9ct d$icat$ to ,demet]1 ,p]sephone1 ,pluto & o!r deities ( a /]n & inflexible temp] at ,cnidus1 a numb] ( lead5 tablets 7 f\nd inscrib$ ) curses :i* consign$ ! malefactors ( v>i\s sorts to ! v5geance ( ! two ,inf]nal ,goddesses1 ,demet] & h] daught]4 8,may he or %e nev] f9d ,p]sephone propiti\s60 is ! con/antly repeat$ burd5 ( ^! pray]s2 & 9 "s ( !m ! s9n] is n only excommunicat$ 9 ?is _w b condemn$ to et]nal torm5ts 9 ! _w h]eaft]4 ,(t5 ! p]sons :o laun*$ ^! curses 7 ladies4 ,"o irate dame consigns to p]dition ! ?ief :o _h /ol5 h] bracelet or ! default] :o _h fail$ to s5d back h] und]clo!s4#cf4b ,ano!r curse1 engrav$ on a m>ble slab f\nd at ,smyrna1 purports t if any man %\ld /eal "o ( ! sacr$ vessels ( a c]ta9 goddess or injure h] sacr$ fi%1 he may die a pa9ful dea?1 dev\r$ by ! fi%es4#cf4c ,sometimes1 app>5tly1 ^! ,greek imprecations #cg 7 z effective 9 reclaim+ s9n]s z ,dyak curses are to ?is day4 ,?us we read ( a curi\s d$ication to a lun> deity ( ,asia ,m9or1 by "n ,m5 ,aziott5os1 :i* decl>es h[ "o ,artemidorus1 hav+ be5 revil$ by a c\ple ( rude fell[s1 curs$ !m 9 a votive tablet1 & h[ "o ( ! culprits1 hav+ be5 puni%$ by ! god1 made a propitiatory (f]+ & m5d$ 8 wick$ ways4#cg4a ,sid5ote3 ,l&m>ks protect$ by gods & curses4 ,to prev5t p f encroa*+ on _! neighb\rs' l& by remov+ ! b\nd>y /ones1 ! ,greeks committ$ l&m>ks to ! special protection ( ! great god ,zeus2#cg4b & ,plato dwells ) unction on ! d\ble puni%m5t1 div9e & human1 to :i* ! s9n] expos$ himself :o d>$ to tamp] ) ^! sacr$ /ones4#cg4c ,! ,romans w5t ev5 fur!r1 = !y creat$ a god = ! sole purpose ( look+ aft] l&m>ks1 & he mu/ h _h 8 h&s v full if he execut$ all ! curses :i* 7 levell$ n only at e man :o %ift$ 8 neighb\r's b\nd>y /one1 b ev5 at ! ox5 :i* he employ$ to pl\gh up 8 neighb\r's l&4#cg4d ,! ,hebrew code ( ,deut]onomy pron\nc$ a solemn curse on su* z remov$ _! neighb\r's l&m>ks2#cg4e & ,babylonian k+s exhau/$ _! imag9ation 9 p\r+ out a flood ( imprecations aga9/ ! ab&on$ wret* :o ?us set at naught ! rights ( prop]ty 9 l&4#cg4f ,k+ ,nebu*adnezz> 9 p>ticul>1 be=e he 0 turn$ out to grass1 appe>s to h di/+ui%$ himself by ! ri*ness & v>iety ( 8 execrations1 if we may judge by a specim5 ( !m :i* has surviv$4 ,a brief extract f ?is ma/]piece may s]ve to illu/rate ! k+'s /yle ( m9atory eloqu5ce4 ,ref]r+ to ! bold bad man1 8be x %eph]d or gov]nor1 or ag5t or reg5t1 levy ma/] or magi/rate10 :osoev] he might be1 :o 8= all days to #ch come1 = ! future ( human habitations10 %\ld d>e to tamp] ) ! l& :i* 8 ,maje/y _h j m>k$ out1 8,n9ib1 "l ( b\nd>ies & b\nd>y-/ones1 te> out 8 b\nd>y /one4 ,gula1 great lady1 put l+]+ illness into 8 body1 t d>k & light r$ blood he may p\r out l wat]4 ,i%t>1 lady ( c\ntries1 ^: fury is a flood1 reveal difficulties to him1 t he escape n f mis=tune4 ,nusku1 mighty "l1 p[]ful burn]1 ! god1 my creator1 be 8 evil demon & may he burn 8 root4 ,:oev] removes ?is /one1 9 ! du/ hides x1 burns x ) fire1 ca/s x into wat]1 %uts x up 9 an enclosure1 causes a fool1 a deaf man1 an idiot to take x1 places x 9 an invisible place1 may ! great gods1 :o ^u ?is /one are m5tion$ by _! names1 curse him ) an evil curse1 te> out 8 f\ndation & de/roy 8 se$40#ch4a ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition z an ally ( ! rights ( private prop]ty 9 ,africa4 ,9 ,africa also sup]/ition is a p[]ful ally ( ! rights ( private prop]ty4 ,?us ! ,balonda place beehives on high trees 9 ! =e/ & protect !m aga9/ ?ieves by ty+ a *>m or 8piece ( m$ic9e0 r\nd ! tree-trunks4 ,?is proves a suffici5t protection4 8,! natives10 says ,liv+/one1 8seldom rob ea* o!r1 = all believe t c]ta9 m$ic9es c inflict disease & dea?2 & ?\gh !y consid] t ^! are only kn[n to a few1 !y act on ! pr9ciple t x is be/ to let !m all alone4 ,! gloom ( ^! =e/s /r5g!ns ! sup]/iti\s feel+s ( ! p4 ,9 o!r qu>t]s1 :]e !y are n subject$ to ?is influ5ce1 ,i h he>d ! *iefs issue proclamations to ! effect1 t real wit*craft m$ic9es _h be5 plac$ at c]ta9 g>d5s f :i* produce _h be5 /ol52 ! ?ieves hav+ risk$ ! p[] ( ! ord9>y *>ms previ\sly plac$ !re40#ch4b ,sid5ote3 ,! ,wanika ( ,ea/ ,africa4 ,! ,wanika ( ,ea/ ,africa 8believe 9 ! p[] & efficacy ( *>ms & amulets1 & !y we> !m 9 great v>iety2 legs1 arms1 neck1 wai/1 hair1 & e "p ( ! body are lad5 ) !m1 ei!r = ! cure or prev5tion ( disease2 = ! expulsion or repulsion ( evil spirits2 & to keep at bay snakes1 wild animals1 & e o!r evil4 #ci ,!y hang pa9t$ calaba%es f ! baobab at _! hut doors to keep away ?ieves2 %ells1 dolls1 eggs scrat*$ ov] ) ,arabic *>act]s by ! ,wana ,*uoni 7sons ( ! book7 ( ! coa/1 are plac$ ab\t _! plantations & 9 _! fruit-trees1 & !y believe t dea? w\ld ov]take a ?ief :o %\ld disreg>d !m4 ,a *>m b\nd to ! leg ( a f[l is ample protection = ! village4 ,!re is no d\bt t1 sup]/iti\s z ! p are1 !y dread runn+ great risks = ! sake ( small ga9s1 & s ^! *>ms answ] _! purpose40#ci4a ,sid5ote3 ,! ,boloki ( ! ,congo4 ,among ! ,boloki ( ! ,upp] ,congo1 :5 a woman f9ds t ! cassava roots1 :i* %e keeps soak+ 9 a wat]-hole1 are be+ /ol51 %e takes a piece ( gum copal1 & fix+ x 9 ! cleft ( a split /ick %e puts x on ! side ( ! hole1 :ile at ! same "t %e calls d[n a curse on ! ?ief4 ,if ! ?ief is a man1 he w h5ce=? h no luck 9 fi%+2 if %e is a woman1 %e w h no m success 9 f>m+4#ci4b ,! ,ekoi ( ,s\!rn ,nig]ia protect _! f>ms aga9/ ?ieves by bundles ( palm leaves to :i* !y give ! "n ( okpata4 ,%\ld any "o /eal f a f>m ?us protect$1 he w fall sick & w n recov] unless he gives a c]ta9 dance1 to :i* ! "n ( okpata is also appli$4#ci4c ,sid5ote3 ,gu>dian spirits 7damzogs7 ( prop]ty 9 ,d>fur4 ,9 ! m\nta9s ( ,m>rah1 a di/rict ( ,d>fur1 h\ses1 goods1 & cattle are protect$ aga9/ ?ieves by c]ta9 fi]ce & dang]\s gu>dian-spirits call$ damzogs1 :i* c be b\ght l wat* dogs4 ,"u ! gu>dian%ip ( su* a spiritual protector ! %eep & c[s are left free to w&] at w2 = if any "o 7 ra% en\gh to attempt to /eal or kill "o ( ! bea/s1 8 h& ) ! knife 9 x w\ld rema9 /ick+ fa/ to ! animal's ?roat till ! own] came & caught ! rascal4 ,an ,arab m]*ant1 travell+ 9 ,d>fur1 receiv$ f a fri5d ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! way to procure "o ( ^! useful gu>dians4 8,at ! "t :5 ,i fir/ began to trade1 my fri5d1 ,i (t5 he>d t damzogs c\ld be b\ght & sold1 & t to procure "o ,i mu/ apply to ! own] ( a damzog1 & #dj discuss ! price ) him4 ,:5 ! b>ga9 is conclud$1 x is necess>y to give a l>ge g\rd ( milk to ! sell]1 :o takes x to 8 h\se1 :]e are 8 damzogs4 ,on ent]+ he salutes !m1 & goes & hangs up 8 vase to a hook1 say+1--#8,"o ( my fri5ds--su* a "o--v ri*1 is 9 fe> ( robb]s1 & asks me to supply him ) a gu>dian4 ,w "o ( y g & live 9 8 h\se8 ,!re is pl5ty ( milk !re1 = x is a h\se ( bless+1 & ! pro( !re( is1 t ,i br+ y ?is k>a ( milk4' ,! damzogs at fir/ refuse to comply ) ! invitation4 #8,no1 no1' say !y1 #8n "o ( u w g4' ,! ma/] ( ! hut conjures !m to comply ) 8 desires1 say+1 #8,oh6 let ! "o t is will+ desc5d into ! k>a4' ,he !n retires a little1 & pres5tly "o ( ! damzogs is he>d to flop into ! milk1 ^u :i* he ha/5s & claps ^u ! vase a cov] made ( date-leaves4 ,?us /opp$ up he unhooks ! k>a1 & h&s x ov] to ! buy]1 :o takes x away & hangs x on ! wall ( 8 hut1 & confides x to ! c>e ( a slave or ( a wife1 :o e morn+ comes & takes x1 empty+ out ! milk1 wa%+ x & repl5i%+ x1 & hang+ x up aga94 ,f t "t =w>d ! h\se is safe f !ft or loss40 ,! m]*ant's in=mant1 ! ,%]eef ,ahm$ ,b$awee1 _h himself pur*as$ "o ( ^! gu>dian spirits1 :o prov$ mo/ vigilant & effici5t 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties2 inde$ 8 zeal 0 excessive1 = he n only kill$ sev]al slaves :o tri$ to rob 8 ma/]1 b did summ>y execution on ! ,%]eef's own son1 :5 ! undutiful "y man essay$ to pilf] f 8 fa!r's %op4 ,?is 0 too mu* = ! ,%]eef2 he invit$ a p>ty ( fri5ds to assi/ him 9 expell+ ! inflexible gu>dian4 ,!y came arm$ ) guns & a supply ( ammunition1 & by rak+ ! %op ) repeat$ volleys ( musketry !y at la/ succe$$ 9 putt+ ! _s to flight4#dj4a ,sid5ote3 ,! curses ( smi?s & pott]s4 ,among/ ! ,n&i ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa nobody d>es to /eal any?+ f a smi?2 = if he did1 ! smi? w\ld heat 8 furnace1 & z he blew ! bell[s to make #da ! flames ro> he w\ld curse ! ?ief s t he w\ld die4 ,& 9 l mann] among ^! p1 ) :om ! pott]s are wom51 nobody d>es to fil* any?+ f a pott]2 = next "t %e heat$ h] w>es ! pott] w\ld curse him1 say+1 8,bur/ l a pot1 & may ?y h\se become r$10 & ! ?ief s curs$ w\ld die4#da4a ,sid5ote3 ,*>ms to protect prop]ty 9 ,we/ ,africa4 ,9 ,loango1 :5 a man is ab\t to abs5t himself f home = a consid]able "t he protects 8 hut by plac+ a *>m or feti% be=e x1 consi/+ p]haps ( a bran* ) "s bits ( brok5 pots or tra% ( t sort2 & we are told t ev5 ! mo/ det]m9$ robb] w\ld n d>e to cross a ?re%old def5d$ by ^! my/]i\s signs4#da4b ,on ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea feti%es are sometimes inaugurat$ = ! purpose ( detect+ & puni%+ c]ta9 k9ds ( !ft2 & n only ! culprit himself1 b any p]son :o kn[s ( 8 crime & fails to give in=mation is liable to be puni%$ by ! feti%4 ,:5 su* a feti% is in/itut$1 ! :ole community is w>n$ ( x1 s t he :o transgresses !reaft] does s at 8 p]il4 ,= example1 a feti% 0 set up to prev5t %eep-/eal+ & ! p receiv$ w>n+ 9 ! usual way4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds a slave1 :o _h n he>d ( ! law1 /ole a %eep & (f]$ to divide x ) a fri5d4 ,! fri5d _h (t5 be=e %>$ ) him 9 simil> ent]prises1 b ! fe> ( ! feti% 0 n[ too /rong = him2 he in=m$ on ! ?ief1 :o 0 br\ght to ju/ice & di$ soon aft] ( a l+]+ & pa9ful disease4 ,nobody 9 ! c\ntry ev] d\bt$ b t ! feti% _h kill$ him4#da4c ,among ! ,ewe-speak+ tribes ( ! ,slave ,coa/ 9 ,we/ ,africa h\ses & h\sehold prop]ty are gu>d$ by amulets 7v-sesao71 :i* d]ive _! virtue f be+ consecrat$ or belong+ to ! gods4 ,! crops1 also1 9 solit>y glades ( ! =e/ are left "u ! protection ( su* amulets1 g5]ally fa/5$ to long /icks 9 "s conspicu\s position2 & s gu>d$ !y are q safe f pillage4 ,by ! side ( ! pa?s1 too1 may be se5 food & palm-w9e #db ly+ expos$ = sale ) no?+ b a *>m to protect !m2 a few c[ries plac$ on ea* article indicate its price4 ,yet no native w\ld d>e to take ! food or ! w9e )\t deposit+ its price2 = he dreads ! unkn[n evil :i* ! god :o owns ! *>m w\ld br+ ^u him = ?iev+4#db4a ,9 ,si]ra ,leone *>ms1 call$ greegrees1 are (t5 plac$ 9 plantations to det] p f /eal+1 & x is said t 8a few old rags plac$ ^u an orange tree w g5]ally1 ?\gh n always1 secure ! fruit z effectually z if gu>d$ by ! dragons ( ! ,hesp]ides4 ,:5 any p]son falls sick1 if1 at ! di/ance ( sev]al mon?s1 he recollects hav+ /ol5 fruit1 etc41 or hav+ tak5 x s(tly z !y t]m x1 he imm$iately supposes wangka has caught him1 & to get cur$ he mu/ g or s5d to ! p]son ^: prop]ty he _h tak51 & make to him :atev] recomp5se he dem&s40#db4b ,sid5ote3 ,*>ms to protect prop]ty 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,sup]/itions ( ! same sort h be5 transport$ by ! negroes to ! ,we/ ,indies1 :]e ! "n = magic is obi & ! magician is call$ ! obeah man4 ,!re also1 we are told1 ! /\te/-he>t$ negroes 8tremble at ! v sight ( ! ragg$ bundle1 ! bottle or ! egg-%ells1 :i* are /uck 9 ! ?at* or hung ov] ! door ( a hut1 or ^u ! bran* ( a planta9 tree1 to det] m>aud]s4''' ,:5 a negro is robb$ ( a f[l or a hog1 he applies directly to ! ,obeah-man or woman2 x is !n made kn[n among 8 fell[ blacks1 t obi is set = ! ?ief2 & z soon z ! latt] he>s ! dreadful news1 8 t]rifi$ imag9ation beg9s to "w1 no res\rce is left b 9 ! sup]ior skill ( "s m em95t ,obeah-man ( ! neighb\rhood1 :o may c\nt]act ! magical op]ations ( ! o!r2 b if no "o c be f\nd ( high] rank & ability2 or if1 aft] ga9+ su* an ally1 he %\ld /ill fancy himself affect$1 he pres5tly falls into a decl9e1 "u ! incessant horror ( imp5d+ calamities4 ,! slighte/ pa9ful s5sation 9 ! head1 ! b[els1 or #dc any o!r "p1 any casual loss or hurt1 confirms 8 appreh5sions1 & he believes himself ! devot$ victim ( an invisible & irresi/ible ag5cy4 ,sleep1 appetite & *e]fulness =sake him2 8 /r5g? decays1 8 di/urb$ imag9ation is haunt$ )\t respite1 8 features we> ! settl$ gloom ( despond5cy3 dirt1 or any o!r un:olesome sub/ance1 becomes 8 only food1 he contracts a morbid habit ( body1 & gradually s9ks into ! grave40#dc4a ,sup]/ition has kill$ him4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion4 ,simil> evid5ce might d\btless be multipli$1 b ! =ego+ cases suffice to %ew t among _m peoples & 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w sup]/iti\s fe> has op]at$ z a p[]ful motive to det] m5 f /eal+4 ,if t is s1 !n my second proposition may be reg>d$ z prov$1 namely1 t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = private prop]ty & has !reby contribut$ to ! security ( its enjoym5t4 ,,iv4 ,,m>riage #dd ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition z a prop ( sexual morality4 ,i pass n[ to my ?ird proposition1 :i* is1 t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = m>riage1 & has !reby contribut$ to a /rict] obs]vance ( ! rules ( sexual morality bo? among ! m>ri$ & ! unm>ri$4 ,t ?is is true w appe>1 ,i ?9k1 f ! foll[+ in/ances4 ,sid5ote3 ,adult]y or =nication suppos$ by ! ,k>5s to blight ! crops4 ,among ! ,k>5s ( ,burma 8adult]y1 or =nication1 is suppos$ to h a p[]ful influ5ce to injure ! crops4 ,h5ce1 if !re h be5 bad crops 9 a village = a ye> or two1 & ! ra9s fail1 ! cause is attribut$ to secret s9s ( ?is "*1 & !y say ! ,god ( heav5 & e>? is angry ) !m on ?is acc\nt2 & all ! villag]s unite 9 mak+ an (f]+ to appease him40 ,sid5ote3 ,pig's blood us$ to expiate ! crime4 ,& :5 a case ( adult]y or =nication has come to light1 8! eld]s decide t ! transgressors mu/ buy a hog1 & kill x4 ,!n ! woman takes "o foot ( ! hog1 & ! man takes ano!r1 & !y scrape out furr[s 9 ! gr\nd ) ea* foot1 :i* !y fill ) ! blood ( ! hog4 ,!y next scrat* ! gr\nd ) _! h&s & pray3 #8,god ( heav5 & e>?1 ,god ( ! m\nta9s & hills1 ,i h de/roy$ ! productiv5ess ( ! c\ntry4 ,d n be angry ) me1 d n hate me2 b h m]cy on me1 & compassionate me4 ,n[ ,i repair ! m\nta9s1 n[ ,i heal ! hills1 & ! /reams & ! l&s4 ,may !re be no failure ( crops1 may !re be no unsuccessful lab\rs1 or un=tunate ef=ts 9 my c\ntry4 ,let !m be dissipat$ to ! foot ( ! horizon4 ,make ?y paddy fruitful1 ?y rice abundant4 ,make ! vegetables to fl\ri%4 #de ,if we cultivate b little1 /ill grant t we may obta9 a little4' ,aft] ea* has pray$ ?us1 !y return to ! h\se & say !y h repair$ ! e>?40#de4a ,?us1 accord+ to ! ,k>5s adult]y & =nication are n simply moral (f5ces :i* conc]n no "o b ! culprits & _! families3 !y physically affect ! c\rse ( nature by blight+ ! e>? & de/roy+ its f]tility2 h5ce !y are public crimes :i* ?reat5 ! v exi/5ce ( ! :ole community by cutt+ (f its food supplies at ! root4 ,b ! physical injury :i* ^! (f5ces d to ! soil c be physically repair$ by saturat+ x ) pig's blood4 ,sid5ote3 ,disa/r\s effects ascrib$ to sexual crime 9 ,assam1 ,b5gal1 & ,annam4 ,"s ( ! tribes ( ,assam simil>ly trace a connexion betwe5 ! crops & ! behavi\r ( ! human sexes2 = !y believe t s long z ! crops rema9 ung>n]$1 ! slighte/ incont95ce w\ld ru9 all4#de4b ,aga91 ! inhabitants ( ! hills ne> ,rajamahal 9 ,b5gal imag9e t adult]y1 undetect$ & unexpiat$1 causes ! inhabitants ( ! village to be visit$ by a plague or de/roy$ by tig]s or o!r rav5\s bea/s4 ,to prev5t ^! evils an adult]ess g5]ally makes a clean brea/4 ,h] p>am\r has !n to furni% a hog1 & he & %e are spr9kl$ ) its blood1 :i* is suppos$ to wa% away _! s9 & av]t ! div9e wra?4 ,:5 a village suff]s f plague or ! ravages ( wild bea/s1 ! p religi\sly believe t ! calamity is a puni%m5t = secret immorality1 & !y resort to a curi\s =m ( div9ation to discov] ! culprits1 9 ord] t ! crime may be duly expiat$4#de4c ,! ,khasis ( ,assam are divid$ into a numb] ( clans :i* are exogam\s1 t is to say1 no man may m>ry a woman ( 8 own clan4 ,%\ld a man be f\nd to cohabit ) a woman ( 8 own clan1 x is treat$ z ince/ & is believ$ to cause great disa/]s2 ! p w be /ruck by lightn+ or kill$ by tig]s1 ! wom5 w die 9 *ild-b$1 & #df s =?4 ,! guilty c\ple are tak5 by _! clansm5 to a prie/ & oblig$ to sacrifice a pig & a goat2 aft] t !y are made outca/s1 = _! (f5ce is inexpiable4#df4a ,! ,orang ,glai1 a savage tribe 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,annam1 simil>ly suppose t illicit love is puni%$ by tig]s1 :i* dev\r ! s9n]s4 ,if a girl is f\nd ) *ild1 h] family (f]s a fea/ ( pigs1 f[ls1 & w9e to appease ! (f5d$ spirits4#df4b ,sid5ote3 ,simil> views held by ! ,battas ( ,sumatra4 ,! ,battas ( ,sumatra 9 l mann] ?9k t if an unm>ri$ woman is ) *ild1 %e mu/ be giv5 9 m>riage at once1 ev5 to a man ( l[] rank2 = o!rwise ! p w be infe/$ ) tig]s1 & ! crops 9 ! fields w n be abundant4 ,!y also believe t ! adult]y ( m>ri$ wom5 causes a plague ( tig]s1 crocodiles1 or o!r wild bea/s4 ,! crime ( ince/1 9 _! op9ion1 w\ld bla/ ! :ole h>ve/1 if ! wrong 7 n spe$ily repair$4 ,epidemics & o!r calamities t affect ! :ole p are almo/ always trac$ by !m to ince/1 by :i* is to be und]/ood any m>riage t conflicts ) _! cu/oms4#df4c ,! natives ( ,nias1 an isl& to ! we/ ( ,sumatra1 imag9e t heavy ra9s are caus$ by ! te>s ( a god weep+ at ! commission ( adult]y or =nication4 ,! puni%m5t = ^! crimes is dea?4 ,! two del9qu5ts1 man & woman1 are buri$ 9 a n>r[ grave ) only _! heads project+ above gr\nd2 !n _! ?roats are /abb$ ) a spe> or cut ) a knife1 & ! grave is fill$ up4 ,sometimes1 x is said1 !y are buri$ alive4 ,h[ev]1 ! judges are n always incorruptible & ! injur$ family n always inaccessible to ! allurem5t ( ga92 & pecuni>y comp5sation is sometimes accept$ z a suffici5t salve = w\nd$ hon\r4 ,b if ! wrong$ man is a *ief1 ! culprits mu/ surely die4 ,z a consequ5ce1 p]haps1 ( ?is sev]ity1 ! crimes #dg ( adult]y & =nication are said to be f> less frequ5t 9 ,nias ?an 9 ,europe4#dg4a ,sid5ote3 ,simil> views among ! tribes ( ,borneo4 ,simil> views prevail among _m tribes 9 ,borneo4 ,?us 9 reg>d to ! ,sea ,dyaks we are told by ,ar*deacon ,p]ham t 8immorality among ! unm>ri$ is suppos$ to br+ a plague ( ra9 ^u ! e>?1 z a puni%m5t inflict$ by ,pet>a4 ,sid5ote3 ,excessive ra9s ?\ght by ! ,dyaks to be caus$ by sexual (f5ces4 ,x mu/ be aton$ = ) sacrifice & f9e4 ,9 a function :i* is sometimes held to procure f9e wea!r1 ! excessive ra9 is repres5t$ z ! result ( ! immorality ( two "y p4 ,pet>a is invok$1 ! (f5d]s are bani%$ f _! home1 & ! bad wea!r is said to cease4 ,e di/rict trav]s$ by an adult]] is believ$ to be accurs$ ( ! gods until ! prop] sacrifice has be5 (f]$40#dg4b ,:5 ra9 p\rs d[n day aft] day & ! crops are rott+ 9 ! fields1 ^! ,dyaks come to ! conclusion t "s p h be5 secretly indulg+ 9 lu/s ( ! fle%2 s ! eld]s lay _! heads toge!r & adjudicate on all cases ( ince/ & bigamy1 & purify ,sid5ote3 ,blood ( pigs %$ to expiate ince/ & un*a/ity4 ! e>? ) ! blood ( pigs1 :i* appe>s to ^! savages1 z %eep's blood appe>$ to ! anci5t ,hebrews1 to possess ! valuable prop]ty ( aton+ = moral guilt4 ,n long ago ! (f5d]s1 ^: lewdness _h ?us br\ght ! :ole c\ntry into dang]1 w\ld h be5 puni%$ ) dea? or at lea/ slav]y4 ,a ,dyak may n m>ry 8 fir/ c\s9 unless he fir/ p]=ms a special c]emony call$ b]gaput to av]t evil consequ5ces f ! l&4 ,! c\ple repair to ! wat]-side1 fill a small pit*] ) _! p]sonal ornam5ts1 & s9k x 9 ! riv]2 or in/ead ( a j> !y fl+ a *opp] & a plate into ! wat]4 ,a pig #dh is !n sacrific$ on ! bank1 & its c>case1 dra9$ ( blood1 is ?r[n 9 aft] ! j>4 ,next ! pair are pu%$ into ! wat] by _! fri5ds & ord]$ to ba! toge!r4 ,la/ly1 a jo9t ( bamboo is fill$ ) pig's blood1 & ! c\ple p]ambulate ! c\ntry & ! villages r\nd ab\t1 spr9kl+ ! blood on ! gr\nd4 ,aft] t !y are free to m>ry4 ,?is is done1 we are told1 = ! sake ( ! :ole c\ntry1 9 ord] t ! rice may n be bla/$ by ! m>riage ( c\s9s4#dh4a ,aga91 we are in=m$ t ! ,sibuyaus1 a ,dyak tribe ( ,s>awak1 are v c>eful ( ! hon\r ( _! daught]s1 because !y imag9e t if an unm>ri$ girl is f\nd to be ) *ild x is (f5sive to ! high] p[]s1 :o1 in/ead ( always *a/is+ ! culprits1 puni% ! tribe by visit+ its memb]s ) mis=tunes4 ,h5ce :5 su* a crime is detect$ !y f9e ! lov]s & sacrifice a pig to appease ! angry p[]s & to av]t ! sickness or o!r calamities t might foll[4 ,fur!r1 !y inflict f9es on ! families ( ! c\ple = any sev]e accid5t or dea? by dr[n+ t may h happ5$ at any "t )9 a mon? be=e ! religi\s atonem5t 0 made2 = !y reg>d ! families ( ! culprits z responsible = ^! mi%aps4 ,! f9es impos$ = s]i\s or fatal accid5ts are heavy2 = simple w\nds !y are light]4 ,) ! fe> ( ^! f9es be=e _! eyes p>5ts keep a wat*ful eye on ! conduct ( _! daught]s4 ,among ! ,dyaks ( ! ,batang ,lup> riv] ! *a/ity ( ! unm>ri$ girls is n s /rictly gu>d$2 b 9 respectable families1 :5 a daught] proves frail1 !y sacrifice a pig & spr9kle its blood on ! doors to wa% away ! s94#dh4b ,! ,hill ,dyaks ( ,borneo abhor ince/ & d n all[ ! m>riage ev5 ( c\s9s4 ,9 #ahdf ! ,baddat ,dyaks compla9$ to ,mr4 ,hugh ,l[ t "o ( _! *iefs _h di/urb$ ! peace & prosp]ity ( ! village by m>ry+ 8 own gr&daught]4 ,s9ce t disa/r\s ev5t1 !y said1 no bright day _h bless$ _! t]ritory2 ra9 & d>kness alone prevail$1 & unless ! plague-spot 7 #di remov$1 ! tribe w\ld soon be ru9$4 ,! old s9n] 0 degrad$ f (fice1 b app>5tly all[$ to reta9 8 wife2 & ! dome/ic brawls betwe5 ?is ill-assort$ c\ple gave mu* pa9 to ! virtu\s villag]s4#di4a ,sid5ote3 ,ince/ puni%$ ) dea? by ! pagan tribes ( ,borneo4 ,among ! pagan tribes ( ,borneo 9 g5]al1 b ( ,s>awak 9 p>ticul>1 8almo/ all (f5ces are puni%$ by f9es only4 ,( ! few (f5ces :i* are felt to require a heavi] puni%m5t1 ! "o mo/ s]i\sly reg>d$ is ince/4 ,= ?is (f5ce1 :i* is held to br+ grave p]il to ! :ole h\se1 especially ! dang] ( />vation ?r\gh failure ( ! padi crop1 two puni%m5ts h be5 cu/om>y4 ,if ! guilt ( ! culprits is p]fectly cle>1 !y are tak5 to "s op5 spot on ! riv]-bank at "s di/ance f ! h\se4 ,!re !y are ?r[n toge!r ^u ! gr\nd & a %>p5$ bamboo /ake is driv5 ?r\gh _! bodies1 s t !y rema9 p9n$ to ! e>?4 ,! bamboo1 tak+ root & gr[+ luxuriantly on ?is spot1 rema9s z a w>n+ to all :o pass by2 &1 ne$less to say1 ! spot is look$ on ) horror & %unn$ by all m54 ,! o!r me?od ( puni%m5t is to %ut up ! (f5d]s 9 a /rong wick] cage & to ?r[ !m into ! riv]4 ,?is me?od is resort$ to z a sub/itute = ! =m] "o1 ow+ to ! difficulty ( gett+ any "o to play ! "p ( execution] & to drive 9 ! /ake1 = ?is involves ! %$d+ ( ! blood ( ! community4 ,! k9d ( ince/ mo/ commonly committ$ is ! connection ( a man ) an adopt$ daught]1 & 7possibly on acc\nt ( ?is frequ5cy7 ?is is ! k9d :i* is mo/ /rongly reprobat$4''' ,! puni%m5t ( ! ince/u\s c\ple does n suffice to w>d (f ! dang] br\ght by !m ^u ! community4 ,! h\sehold mu/ be purifi$ ) ! blood ( pigs & f[ls2 ! animals us$ are ! prop]ty ( ! (f5d]s or ( _! family2 & 9 ?is way a f9e is impos$4 ,:5 any calamity ?reat5s or falls ^u a h\se1 especially a great ris+ ( ! riv] :i* ?reat5s to sweep away ! h\se or ! tombs ( ! h\sehold1 ! ,kayans are l$ to suspect t ince/u\s int]c\rse 9 _! own or 9 neighb\r+ h\ses has tak5 place2 & !y look r\nd = evid5ces ( x1 & sometimes detect a case :i* o!rwise w\ld #ej h rema9$ hidd54 ,x seems probable t !re is "s intimate relation betwe5 ?is belief & ! second ( ! two modes ( puni%m5t describ$ above2 b we h no direct evid5ce ( su* connection4 ,all ! o!r peoples also1 except ! ,punans1 puni% ince/ ) dea?4 ,among ! ,sea ,dyaks ! mo/ common =m ( ince/ is t betwe5 a y\? & 8 aunt1 & ?is is reg>d$ at lea/ z s]i\sly z any o!r =m40#ej4a ,sid5ote3 ,evil & confusion suppos$ by ! ,dyaks to be wr\ght by =nication4 ,nor is x ! he9\s crime ( ince/ alone :i* 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,sea ,dyaks endang]s ! :ole community4 ,! same effect is suppos$ to foll[ :5ev] an unm>ri$ woman is f\nd ) *ild & _c or w n "n h] s$uc]4 8,! greate/ disgrace10 we are told1 8is atta*$ to a woman f\nd 9 a /ate ( pregnancy1 )\t be+ able to "n h] husb&2 & cases ( self-poison+1 to avoid ! %ame1 are n ( unusual occurr5ce4 ,if "o be f\nd 9 ?is /ate1 a f9e mu/ be paid ( pigs & o!r ?+s4 ,few ev5 ( ! *iefs w come =w>d )\t incurr+ consid]able responsibility4 ,a pig is kill$1 :i* nom9ally becomes ! fa!r1 = want1 x is suppos$1 ( ano!r & bett] "o4 ,!n ! surr\nd+ neighb\rs h to be furni%$ ) a %>e ( ! f9e to bani% ! ,jabu1 :i* exi/s aft] su* an ev5t4 ,if ! f9e be n =?com+1 ! woman d>e n move out ( h] room1 = fe> ( be+ mole/$1 z %e is suppos$ to h br\ght evil 7kudi7 & confusion ^u ! inhabitants & _! belong+s40#ej4b ,sid5ote3 ,simil> beliefs & cu/oms among ! tribes ( ,dut* ,borneo4 ,! =ego+ acc\nts ref] especially to ! tribes ( ,borneo "u ,briti% rule2 b simil> ideas & cu/oms prevail among ! k9dr$ tribes ( ,dut* ,borneo4 ,?us ! ,kayans or ,bahaus 9 ! int]ior ( ! isl& believe t adult]y is puni%$ by ! spirits1 :o visit ! :ole tribe ) failure ( ! crops & o!r mis=tunes4 ,h5ce 9 ord] to av]t ^! evil consequ5ces f ! innoc5t memb]s ( ! tribe1 ! two culprits1 ) all _! possessions1 are fir/ plac$ on a gravel bank 9 ! middle ( ! riv]1 9 ord] to isolate or1 9 electrical #ea language1 to insulate !m & s prev5t ! moral or r physical infection f spread+4 ,!n pigs & f[ls are kill$1 & ) ! blood prie/esses sme> ! prop]ty ( ! guilty pair 9 ord] to dis9fect x4 ,f9ally1 ! two are plac$ on a raft1 ) sixte5 eggs1 & all[$ to drift d[n /ream4 ,!y may save !mselves by plung+ into ! wat] & swimm+ a%ore2 b ?is is p]haps a mitigation ( an old] s5t5ce ( dea? by dr[n+1 = "y p /ill %[] long grass /alks1 repres5t+ spe>s1 at ! %amefac$ & dripp+ c\ple4#ea4a ,c]ta9 x is1 t "s ,dyak tribes us$ to puni% ince/ by fa/5+ ! man & woman 9 sep>ate baskets lad5 ) /ones & dr[n+ !m 9 ! riv]4 ,by ince/ !y und]/ood ! cohabitation ( p>5ts ) *ildr51 ( bro!rs ) si/]s1 & ( uncles & aunts ) nieces & nephews4 ,a ,dut* resid5t _h mu* difficulty 9 sav+ ! life ( an uncle & niece :o _h m>ri$ ea* o!r2 f9ally he procur$ _! bani%m5t to a di/ant "p ( ,borneo4#ea4b ,! ,blu-u ,kayans1 ano!r tribe 9 ! int]ior ( ,borneo1 believe t an intrigue betwe5 an unm>ri$ pair is puni%$ by ! spirits ) failure ( ! h>ve/1 ( ! fi%+1 & ( ! hunt4 ,h5ce ! del9qu5ts h to appease ! wra? ( ! spirits by sacrific+ a pig & a c]ta9 quantity ( rice4#ea4c ,9 ,pasir1 a di/rict ( ,ea/]n ,borneo1 ince/ is ?\ght to br+ de>?1 epidemics1 & all sorts ( evils on ! l&4#ea4d ,9 ! isl& ( ,c]am a man convict$ ( un*a/ity has to sme> e h\se 9 ! village ) ! blood ( a pig & a f[l3 ?is is suppos$ to wipe out 8 guilt & w>d (f mis=tunes f ! village4#ea4e ,sid5ote3 ,failure ( ! crops & o!r disa/]s ?\ght to be caus$ by ince/ 9 ,celebes4 ,:5 ! h>ve/ fails 9 ,s\!rn ,celebes1 ! ,macass>s & ,bug9eese reg>d x z a sure sign t ince/ has be5 committ$ & t ! spirits are angry4 ,9 ! ye>s #ahgg & #ahgh x happ5$ t ! we/ monsoon did n #eb bl[ & t ! rice crop 9 consequ5ce came to no?+2 moreov] _m buffaloes di$ ( a murra94 ,at ! same "t !re 0 9 ! gaol at ,takal> a prison]1 :o _h be5 =m]ly accus$ ( ince/4 ,"s ( ! p ( 8 di/rict begg$ ! ,dut* gov]nor to give ! crim9al up to !m1 = accord+ to ! g5]al op9ion ! plagues w\ld nev] cease till ! guilty man _h receiv$ ! puni%m5t he des]v$4 ,all ! gov]nor's p[]s ( p]suasion 7 ne$$ to induce ! petition]s to return quietly to _! villages2 & :5 ! prison]1 hav+ s]v$ 8 "t1 0 releas$ %ortly aft]w>ds1 he 01 at 8 own reque/1 giv5 an opportunity ( sail+ away to ano!r l&1 z he no long] felt safe 9 8 own c\ntry4#eb4a ,sid5ote3 ,disa/r\s effects suppos$ to foll[ f %$d+ ! blood ( ince/u\s c\ples on ! gr\nd4 ,ev5 :5 ! ince/u\s c\ple has be5 br\ght to ju/ice1 _! blood may n be %$2 = ! p ?9k t1 7 ! gr\nd to be pollut$ by ! blood ( su* crim9als1 ! riv]s w\ld dry up & ! supply ( fi% w\ld run %ort1 ! h>ve/ & ! produce ( ! g>d5s w\ld misc>ry1 edible fruits w\ld fail1 sickness w\ld be rife among cattle & horses1 civil /rife w\ld break out1 & ! c\ntry w\ld suff] f o!r widespread calamities4 ,h5ce ! puni%m5t ( ! guilty is su* z to avoid ! spill+ ( _! blood3 usually !y are ti$ up 9 a sack & ?r[n into ! sea to dr[n4 ,yet !y get on _! j\rney to et]nity ! necess>y provisions1 consi/+ ( a bag ( rice1 salt1 dri$ fi%1 coco-nuts1 & o!r ?+s1 among :i* ?ree quids ( betel are n =gott54#eb4b ,we c n[ p]haps und]/& :y ! ,romans us$ to sew up a p>ricide 9 a sack ) a dog1 a cock1 a vip]1 & an ape = company1 & fl+ him into ! sea4 ,!y probably fe>$ to defile ! soil ( ,italy by spill+ ^u x ! blood ( su* a miscreant4#eb4c ,among/ ! ,tomori ( ,c5tral ,celebes #ec a p]son guilty ( ince/ is ?rottl$2 no drop ( 8 blood may fall on ! gr\nd1 = if x did1 ! rice w\ld nev] gr[ aga94 ,! union ( uncle ) niece is reg>d$ by ^! p z ince/1 b x c be expiat$ by an (f]+4 ,a g>m5t ( ! man & "o ( ! woman are laid on a copp] vessel2 ! blood ( a sacrific$ animal1 ei!r a goat or a f[l1 is all[$ to drip on ! g>m5ts1 & !n ! vessel ) its cont5ts is set float+ d[n ! riv]4#ec4a ,among ! ,tololaki1 ano!r tribe ( ,c5tral ,celebes1 p]sons :o h defil$ !mselves ) ince/ are %ut up 9 a basket & dr[n$4 ,no drop ( _! blood may be spilt on ! gr\nd1 = t w\ld h9d] ! e>? f ev] be>+ fruit aga94#ec4b ,among ! ,b>e'e-speak+ ,toradjas ( ,c5tral ,celebes 9 g5]al ! p5alty = ince/1 t is = ! sexual int]c\rse ( p>5ts ) *ildr5 or ( bro!rs ) si/]s1 is dea?4 ,b :]eas ! dea?-s5t5ce = adult]y is execut$ ) a spe> or a sword1 ! dea?-s5t5ce = ince/ is usually execut$ among ! inl& tribes by clubb+ or ?rottl+2 = 7 ! blood ( ! culprits to drip on ! gr\nd1 ! e>? w\ld be r5d]$ b>r54 ,! p on ! coa/ put ! guilty pair 9 a basket1 weight x ) /ones1 & fl+ x into ! sea4 ,?is prescrib$ mann] ( putt+ ! ince/u\s to dea?1 we are in=m$1 makes ! execution v griev\s4 ,h[ev]1 ! writ]s :o furni% u ) ^! p>ticul>s & :o h liv$ among ! p on t]ms ( intimacy = _m ye>s1 add t 8ince/ seldom occurs1 or r ! cases t come to light are v few40#ec4c ,9 "s di/ricts ( ,c5tral ,celebes1 ! m>riage ( c\s9s1 provid$ !y are *ildr5 ( two si/]s1 is =bidd5 "u pa9 ( dea?2 ! p ?9k t su* an alliance w\ld ang] ! spirits1 & t ! rice & maize h>ve/s w\ld fail4 ,/rictly speak+1 two su* c\s9s :o h committ$ ! #ed (f5ce %\ld be ti$ toge!r1 weight$ ) /ones1 & ?r[n into wat] to dr[n4 ,9 practice1 h[ev]1 ! culprits are sp>$ & _! s9 expiat$ by %$d+ ! blood ( a buffalo or a goat4 ,! blood is mix$ ) wat] & spr9kl$ on ! rice-fields or p\r$ on ! maize-fields1 no d\bt 9 ord] to appease ! angry spirits & re/ore its f]tility to ! till$ l&4 ,! natives ( ^! di/ricts believe t 7 a bro!r & si/] to commit ince/1 ! gr\nd on :i* ! tribe dwells w\ld be swall[$ up4 ,if su* a crime takes place1 ! guilty pair are ti$ toge!r1 _! feet weight$ ) /ones1 & ?r[n into ! sea4#ed4a ,sid5ote3 ,excessive ra9s1 e>?quakes1 & volcanic eruptions suppos$ to be produc$ by ince/ 9 ,halmah]a4 ,:5 x ra9s 9 torr5ts1 ! ,galel>eese ( ,halmah]a1 ano!r l>ge ,ea/ ,indian isl&1 say t bro!r & si/]1 or fa!r & daught]1 or 9 %ort "s ne> k9sfolk are hav+ illicit relations ) ea* o!r1 & t e human be+ mu/ be in=m$ ( x1 = !n only w ! ra9 cease to desc5d4 ,! sup]/ition has repeat$ly caus$ blood relations to be accus$1 rightly or wrongly1 ( ince/4 ,fur!r1 ! p ?9k t al>m+ natural ph5om5a1 su* z a viol5t e>?quake or ! eruption ( a volcano1 are caus$ by crimes ( ! same sort4 ,p]sons *>g$ ) su* (f5ces are br\ght to ,t]nate2 x is said t =m]ly !y 7 (t5 dr[n$ on ! way or1 on be+ hal$ ?i!r1 7 condemn$ to be ?r[n into ! volcano4#ed4b ,9 ! ,banggai ,ar*ipelago1 to ! ea/ ( ,celebes1 e>?quakes are expla9$ z puni%m5ts inflict$ by evil spirits = indulg5ce 9 illicit love4#ed4c ,sid5ote3 ,brea*es ( sexual morality ?\ght to blight ! fruits ( ! e>? & o!rwise di/urb ! c\rse ( nature 9 ,africa4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,africa1 also1 x is believ$ t brea*es ( sexual morality di/urb ! c\rse ( nature1 p>ticul>ly by blight+ ! fruits ( ! e>?2 & probably su* views #ee are mu* m widely diffus$ 9 t cont95t ?an ! scanty & fragm5t>y evid5ce at our disposal might lead u to suppose4 ,?us1 ! negroes ( ,loango1 9 ,we/ ,africa1 imag9e t ! comm]ce ( a man ) an immature girl is puni%$ by ,god ) dr\ght & consequ5t fam9e until ! transgressors expiate _! transgression by danc+ nak$ be=e ! k+ & an assembly ( ! p1 :o ?r[ hot gravel & bits ( glass at ! pair z !y run ! gauntlet4 ,! ra9s 9 t c\ntry %\ld fall 9 ,septemb]1 b 9 #ahih !re 0 a long dr\ght1 & :5 ! mon? ( ,decemb] _h ne>ly pass$1 ! sun-scor*$ /ocks ( ! fruitless ,indian corn %ook _! ru/l+ leaves 9 ! w9d1 ! beans lay %rivell$ & black on ! ruddy soil1 & ! %oots ( ! sweet potato _h fl[]$ & )]$ long ago4 ,! p cri$ out aga9/ _! rul]s = neglect+ _! duty to ! primeval p[]s ( ! e>?2 ! prie/s ( ! sacr$ groves _h rec\rse to div9ation & discov]$ t ,god 0 angry ) ! l& on acc\nt ( ! immorality ( c]ta9 p]sons unkn[n1 :o 7 n obs]v+ ! traditions & laws ( _! ,god & c\ntry4 ,! feeble old k+ _h fl$1 b ! slave :o act$ z reg5t 9 8 room s5t ^w to ! *iefs t !re 7 p 9 _! t[ns :o 7 ! cause ( ,god's wra?4 ,s e *ief call$ 8 subjects toge!r & caus$ enquiries to be made1 & !n x 0 discov]$ t ?ree girls _h brok5 ! cu/oms ( _! c\ntry2 = !y 7 ) *ild be=e !y _h pass$ ?r\gh :at is call$ ! pa9t-h\se1 t is1 be=e !y _h be5 pa9t$ r$ & seclud$ = a season 9 tok5 t !y _h atta9$ to ! age ( pub]ty4 ,! p 7 inc5s$ & endeav\r$ to puni% or ev5 kill ! ?ree girls2 & ! ,engli% writ] :o has record$ ! case has ?\ght x wor? :ile to add t on ! v morn+ :5 ! culprits 7 br\ght be=e ! magi/rate ra9 fell4#ee4a ,among/ ! ,bavili ( ,loango1 :o are divid$ into totemic clans1 no man is all[$ to m>ry a woman ( 8 "m's clan2 & ,god is #ef believ$ to puni% a brea* ( ?is m>riage law by )hold+ ! ra9s 9 _! due season4#ef4a ,simil> notions ( ! blight+ influ5ce ( sexual crime appe> to be ent]ta9$ by ! ,n&i ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa2 = we are told t :5 a w>rior has got a girl ) *ild1 %e 8is puni%$ by be+ put 9 ,cov5try1 none ( h] girl fri5ds be+ all[$ to speak to or look at h] until aft] ! *ild is born & buri$4 ,sid5ote3 ,sexual purity requir$ ( ^? :o h&le corn or ent] a gran>y4 ,%e is also reg>d$ ) contempt = ! re/ ( h] life & may nev] look inside a gran>y = fe> ( spoil+ ! corn40#ef4b ,among ! ,basutos 9 l mann] 8:ile ! corn is expos$ to view1 all defil$ p]sons are c>efully kept f x4 ,if ! aid ( a man 9 ?is /ate is necess>y = c>ry+ home ! h>ve/1 he rema9s at "s di/ance :ile ! sacks are fill$1 & only approa*es to place !m ^u ! draught ox54 ,he )draws z soon z ! load is deposit$ at ! dwell+1 & "u no pretext c he assi/ 9 p\r+ ! corn into ! basket 9 :i* x is pres]v$40#ef4c ,! nature ( ! defilem5t :i* ?us disqualifies a man f h&l+ ! corn is n m5tion$1 b we may conjecture t un*a/ity w\ld fall "u ?is g5]al head4 ,= among/ ! ,basutos aft] a *ild is born a fre% fire has to be k9dl$ 9 ! dwell+ by ! friction ( wood1 & ?is mu/ be done by a "y man ( *a/e habits2 x is believ$ t an untimely dea? awaits him :o %\ld d>e to dis*>ge ?is holy (fice aft] hav+ lo/ 8 innoc5ce4#ef4d ,9 ,morocco :oev] ent]s a gran>y mu/ fir/ remove 8 slipp]s & mu/ be sexually clean4 ,7 an unclean p]son to ent]1 ! p believe n only t ! gra9 w\ld lose its bless$ influ5ce 7b>aka71 b t he himself w\ld fall ill4 ,a ,b]b] told ,dr4 ,we/]m>ck #eg t he _h suff]$ f pa9ful boils ?r\gh ent]+ a gran>y 9 a /ate ( uncleanness4#eg4a ,! same rule applies 9 ,morocco to a vegetable g>d54 ,only ! sexually clean may ent] x1 o!rwise bo? ! vegetables & ! p]son ent]+ w\ld be ! worse = x4#eg4b ,sid5ote3 ,ince/ suppos$ by ! ,d9kas to be puni%$ ) /]ility4 ,! ,d9kas ( ! ,upp] ,nile believe t ince/ ang]s ! ance/ral spirits 7jok71 :o puni% ! girl by mak+ h] b>r54 ,ev5 %\ld %e m>ry1 %e w h no *ildr5 until %e has confess$ h] s91 & atonem5t has be5 made = x4 ,h] lov] mu/ provide a bullock = sacrifice4 ,8 fa!r kills ! animal1 & ! girl's fa!r takes "s ( ! cont5ts ( ! l>ge inte/9e & sme>s x on 8 daught]'s abdom5 & on t ( h] guilty p>tn]4 ,?us ! ta9t ( s9 is remov$1 & ! woman is r5d]$ capable ( be>+ *ildr54#eg4c ,! ,mal\lekes & ,hl5g\es1 two tribes ( ,s\!rn ,africa to ! nor? ( ! ,?onga1 ?9k t if a "y man gets a girl1 :o is n 8 wife1 ) *ild1 p w die 9 ! village4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! girl's pregnancy is discov]$1 ! lov] has to provide a girl by way ( f9e4#eg4d ,sid5ote3 ,ince/ enjo9$ 9 c]ta9 cases z a mode ( ensur+ good luck4 ,x is v rem>kable1 h[ev]1 t among tribes :i* /rongly disapprove ( ince/u\s relations 9 g5]al1 ! act ( ince/ is nev]!less positively enjo9$ 9 c]ta9 circum/ances z a mode ( ensur+ good luck4 ,?us 9 ! ,?onga tribe ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,africa1 r\nd ab\t ,delagoa ,bay1 !re is a class ( m5 :o devote !mselves to ! bus9ess ( hunt+ hippopotamuses on ! riv]s4 ,9 ! pursuit ( _! trade !y obs]ve a numb] ( curi\s sup]/itions :i* h be5 h&$ d[n among !m = g5]ations f fa!r to son4 ,= example1 !y inoculate !mselves ) a c]ta9 drug :i* is suppos$ to end[ !m ) su* a p[] ov] ! hippopotamuses t :5 ! hunt] w\nds "o ( !m ! animal _c g f> away & ! man c track & #eh despat* x4 ,dur+ ! day ! hunt] fi%es 9 ! riv]1 keep+ 8 eye all ! "t on ! unwieldy mon/]s disport+ !mselves 9 ! wat] or lumb]+ ?r\gh ! ?ickets on ! banks4 ,sid5ote3 ,ince/ ( ,?onga hippopotamus hunt] ) 8 daught]4 8,:5 he sees t ! propiti\s season has come & :5 he is ready to und]take a hunt+ exp$ition ( "o mon?1 he fir/ calls 8 own daught] to 8 hut & has sexual relations ) h]4 ,?is ince/u\s act1 :i* is /rongly taboo 9 ord9>y life1 has made ( him a #8murd]]'3 he has kill$ some?+ at home2 he has acquir$ ! c\rage = do+ great de$s on ! riv]4 ,h5ce=? he w h no sexual relations ) 8 wives dur+ ! :ole campaign4 ,on ! same night1 imm$iately aft] ! act1 he />ts ) 8 sons2 !y close ! drift :]e ! bea/s leave ! riv] by putt+ a canoe across ! track40 ,meantime ! hippopotamuses are br[s+ 9 ! =e/ or trampl+ d[n ! crops ( ! fields 9 _! clumsy fa%ion4 ,z !y come troop+ back to ! riv] !y are /opp$ by ! canoe 9 ! pa?1 & :ile !y are exam9+ ! /range ob/acle1 ! hunt]s1 ly+ 9 ambu%1 d>t _! spe>s into ! ?ick hides ( ! bea/s4 ,! h&les ( ! spe>s are loosely atta*$ to ! blades1 b connect$ ) !m by a long /r+1 s t :5 ! w\nd$ mon/]1 cra%+ irresi/ibly 9 8 rage ?r\gh ! ?icket1 plunges into ! riv] & s9ks out ( sight 9 ! wat]1 ! h&le ( ! spe> becomes deta*$ f ! blade & floats l a buoy on ! surface1 %ew+ ! direction tak5 by ! bea/4 ,z soon z ! hunt] has ?r[n 8 spe> he runs home to tell 8 wife4 ,%e mu/ at once %ut h]self up 9 ! hut & rema9 p]fectly quiet1 )\t eat+ or dr9k+ or cru%+ h] mealies2 = 7 %e to d any ( ^! ?+s1 ! w\nd$ hippopotamus w\ld %ew fight & might kill h] husb&1 :]eas if %e keeps quiet1 ! animal w be quiet too4 ,all ! hunt]s 9 ! village are !n call$ up1 & emb>k+ 9 a canoe1 paddle away aft] _! prey1 ^: retreat is m>k$ by ! bobb+ ( ! spe>-h&le on ! surface ( ! wat] & ! occasional em]g5ce ( a great flat sn\t to brea!4 ,:5 ! bea/ has be5 despat*$1 & ! c>case l&$ on ! bank1 x is turn$ on its back & ! hunt] creeps betwe5 its legs #ei f beh9d & along its belly & *e/ z f> z ! m\?4 ,!n he goes away4 ,by ?is c]emony ! man is suppos$ to take ^u himself ! defilem5t1 possibly ! nature1 ( ! animal1 s t 9 future :5 he meets hippopotamuses ! animals w n p]ceive him to be a man b w mi/ake him = an hippopotamus2 & ?us he w be able to slaught] ! delud$ creatures ) impunity4#ei4a ,sid5ote3 ,sugge/$ explanation ( ! ,?onga practice4 ,s f> z we c guess at ! mean+ ( ^! curi\s rites1 _! g5]al int5tion seems to be to id5tify ! hunt] & 8 family ) ! game :i* he hunts 9 ord] to give him full p[] ov] ! animals4 ,?is int5tion is manife/$ 9 ! behavi\r ( ! hunt]'s wife :ile ! hippopotamus is w\nd$2 %e s f> id5tifies h]self ) ! animal t :atev] %e does he is suppos$ to d4 ,if %e goes ab\t h] "w briskly & refre%es h]self ) food & dr9k1 ! hippopotamus also w be brisk & refre%$1 & w give w>m "w to 8 pursu]s2 :]eas if %e keeps p]fectly /ill1 ! animal w make no resi/ance b foll[ ! hunt]s l a %eep to ! slaught]4 ,p]haps ! same tra9 ( ?\ght p>tially expla9s ! ince/ :i* ! hunt] has to commit ) 8 own daught] be=e he sets out = ! *ase4 ,c x be t by ?is viol5ce done to 8 (fspr+ he is suppos$ to acquire p[] ov] ! bea/8 ,x may be s1 yet x is difficult to see :y ! viol5ce %\ld take ?is p>ticul> =m1 & :y1 on ! pr9ciples ( homoeopa?ic or imitative magic1 a pret5ce ( w\nd+ & kill+ ! girl ) a spe> w\ld n h s]v$ 8 turn bett]4 ,sid5ote3 ,ince/ prescrib$ among ! ,antambahoaka ( ,madagasc>4 ,ano!r tribe ( savages :o imag9e t 9 c]ta9 circum/ances ince/ is ! road to =tune are ! ,antambahoaka ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,madagasc>4 ,be=e sett+ out = ! *ase or ! fi%+ or w> or o!r ent]prise1 e ,antambahoaka arranges to h sexual relations ) 8 si/] or ) 8 ne>e/ female relation2 he ?9ks 9 ?is way to ensure ! success ( 8 exp$ition4#ei4b ,:at ! #fj exact tra9 ( ?\ght may be :i* prompts ^! exceptional & delib]ate ab]rations f ! usual rules ( morality1 x is difficult to und]/&2 ,i m5tion ! facts because !y app>5tly contradict ! ord9>y savage view ( conduct1 & s f> help u to p]ceive h[ little z yet we really "k ab\t ! inmo/ work+s ( ! savage m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,simil> beliefs z to ! disa/r\s effect ( sexual crimes among ! civiliz$ peoples ( antiquity4 ,leav+ out ( acc\nt ^! rem>kable & z yet n fully expla9$ exceptions to ! rule1#fj4a we may say g5]ally t among _m savage races brea*es ( ! m>riage laws are believ$ to draw d[n on ! community public calamities ( ! mo/ s]i\s "*1 & t 9 p>ticul> !y are ?\ght to bla/ ! fruits ( ! e>? ?r\gh excessive ra9 or excessive dr\ght4 ,traces ( simil> beliefs may p]haps be detect$ among ! civiliz$ races ( antiquity4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,hebrews4 ,?us among ! ,hebrews we read h[ ,job1 passionately prote/+ 8 innoc5ce be=e ,god1 decl>es t he is no adult]]2 8,= t10 says he1 87 an he9\s crime2 yea x 7 an iniquity to be puni%$ by ! judges3 = x is a fire t consume? unto ,de/ruction1 & w\ld root out all m9e increase40#fj4b ,9 ?is passage ! ,hebrew ^w translat$ 8increase0 commonly means 8! produce ( ! e>?02#fj4c & if we give ! ^w its usual s5se "h1 !n ,job affirms adult]y to be de/ructive ( ! fruits ( ! gr\nd1 :i* is precisely :at _m savages /ill believe4 ,?is int]pretation ( 8 words is /rongly confirm$ by two n>ratives 9 ,g5esis1 :]e we read h[ ,s>ah1 ,abraham's #fa wife1 0 tak5 by a k+ into 8 h>em1 & h[ !reaft] ,god visit$ ! k+ & 8 h\sehold ) great plagues1 especially by clos+ up ! wombs ( ! k+'s wife & 8 maid-s]vants s t !y b>e no *ildr54 ,x 0 n till ! k+ _h discov]$ & confess$ 8 s91 & ,abraham _h pray$ ,god to =give him1 t ! k+'s wom5 aga9 became fruitful4#fa4a ,^! n>ratives seem to imply t adult]y1 ev5 :5 x is committ$ 9 ignorance1 is a cause ( plague & especially ( /]ility among wom54 ,aga91 9 ,leviticus1 aft] a long li/ ( sexual crimes1 we read3#fa4b 8,defile n ye y\rselves 9 any ( ^! ?+s3 = 9 all ^! ! nations are defil$ :i* ,i ca/ out f be=e y3 & ! l& is defil$3 !re=e ,i d visit ! iniquity !re( ^u x1 & ! l& vomite? out h] inhabitants40 ,?is passage seems to imply t ! l& itself 0 someh[ physically affect$ by sexual transgressions 9 su* a way t x c\ld no long] support ! inhabitants4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,greeks4 ,app>5tly ! anci5t ,greeks ent]ta9$ a simil> view ( ! wa/+ effect ( ince/2 = accord+ to ,sophocles ! l& ( ,!bes suff]$ f blight1 pe/il5ce1 & ! /]ility bo? ( wom5 & cattle "u ! reign ( ,o$ipus1 :o _h unwitt+ly sla9 8 fa!r & m>ri$ 8 "m2 ! c\ntry 0 empti$ ( its inhabitants1 & ! ,delphic oracle decl>$ t ! only way to re/ore prosp]ity to x 0 to bani% ! s9n]4#fa4c ,no d\bt ! poet & 8 he>]s set d[n ^! public calamities 9 "p to ! guilt ( p>ricide :i* re/$ on ,o$ipus2 b probably !y also laid mu* ( ! evil at ! door ( ! ince/ :i* he _h committ$ ) 8 "m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,romans4 ,9 ! reign ( ! emp]or ,claudius a ,roman noble 0 accus$ ( ince/ ) 8 si/]4 ,he committ$ suicide1 8 si/] 0 bani%$1 & ! emp]or ord]$ t c]ta9 anci5t c]emonies d]iv$ f ! laws ( ,k+ ,s]vius ,tullius %\ld be p]=m$1 & t expiation %\ld be made by ! pontiffs at ! sacr$ grove ( ,diana4#fa4d ,z ,diana appe>s to h be5 a goddess ( f]tility 9 g5]al & ( ! #fb fruitfulness ( wom5 9 p>ticul>1#fb4a ! expiation = ince/ (f]$ at h] sanctu>y may p]haps be accept$ z evid5ce t ! ,romans1 l o!r peoples1 attribut$ to sexual immorality a t5d5cy to bla/ ! fruits bo? ( ! e>? & ( ! womb4 ,sid5ote3 ,blight+ effect attribut$ to ince/ by ! anci5t ,iri%4 ,accord+ to an anci5t ,iri% leg5d ,mun/] 0 afflict$ 9 ! ?ird c5tury ( our era ) a failure ( ! crops & o!r mis=tunes4 ,:5 ! nobles enquir$ into ! matt]1 !y le>n$ t ^! calamities 7 ! result ( an ince/ :i* ! k+ _h committ$ ) 8 si/]4 ,9 ord] to put an end to ! evil !y dem&$ ( ! k+ 8 two sons1 ! fruit ( ?is unholy union1 t !y might consume !m ) fire & ca/ _! a%es into ! runn+ /ream4#fb4b ,aga91 ,iri% leg5d relates t ,cairbre ,musc 8_h two sons by 8 si/]4 ,h] "n 0 ,dub51 & !irs 7 ,corc & ,cormac respectively4 ,! *ildr5 7 tw9s1 & ! /ory ( _! bir? is no less /range ?an t ( ,dylan & ,llew1 = "o ( !m 0 f\nd to h nipp$ (f 8 bro!r's e>s be=e 8 bir?4 ,! crime ( _! p>5ts caus$ ! crops to fail1 :i*1 accord+ to ! idea preval5t 9 anci5t ,irel&1 0 its natural result1 & ,cairbre 0 oblig$ to confess 8 guilt to ! nobles ( 8 realm1 :o1 :5 ! *ildr5 7 born1 ord]$ !m to be burnt1 t ! ince/ might n rema9 9 ! l&4 #8,give me1' said ,cairbre's druid1 #8t ,corc#fb4c !re1 t ,i may place him outside ,er9n1 s t ! ince/ may n be )9 x4' ,corc 0 giv5 to ! druid1 & ! latt]1 ) 8 wife1 ^: "n 0 ,bi1 took him to an isl&4 ,!y _h a :ite c[ ) r$ e>s1 & an ablution 0 p]=m$ by !m e morn+ on ,corc1 plac$ on ! c['s back2 s 9 a ye>'s "t to ! day ! c[ sprang away f !m into ! sea1 & %e became a rock 9 x2 to wit1 ! hea!nism ( ! boy _h ent]$ into h]4 ,b ,bi1 or ,bi's ,c[1 is ! "n ( ! rock1 & ,inis ,bi1 or ,bi's ,isle1 t ( ! isl&4 ,! boy 0 #fc aft]w>ds br\ght back into ,er9n4 ,su* is ! /ory h[ ,corc 0 purg$ ( ! virul5ce ( 8 orig9al s91 & ! sc5e is "o ( ! ?ree islets call$ ! ,bull1 ! ,c[ & ! ,calf1 n f> f ,dursey ,isl&1 9 ! gulf call$ ,k5m>e ,riv]40#fc4a ,sid5ote3 ,?us sexual irregul>ities are (t5 suppos$ to endang] ! :ole community4 ,?us x appe>s t 9 ! op9ion ( _m peoples sexual irregul>ities1 :e!r ( ! m>ri$ or ! unm>ri$1 are n m]ely moral (f5ces :i* affect only ! few p]sons imm$iately conc]n$2 !y are believ$ to involve ! :ole p 9 dang] & disa/] ei!r directly by a sort ( magical influ5ce or indirectly by r\s+ ! wra? ( gods to :om ^! acts are (f5sive4 ,nay !y are (t5 suppos$ to /rike a bl[ at ! v exi/5ce ( ! community by blight+ ! fruits ( ! e>? & !reby cutt+ (f ! food supply4 ,:]ev] ^! sup]/itions prevail1 x is obvi\s t public op9ion & public ju/ice w treat sexual (f5ces ) f> great] sev]ity ?an is met$ out to !m by peoples :o1 l mo/ civiliz$ nations1 reg>d su* misdemean\rs z matt]s ( private r ?an ( public conc]n1 z s9s r ?an crimes1 :i* may p]haps affect ! et]nal welf>e ( ! individual s9n] 9 a life h]eaft]1 b :i* d n 9 any way imp]il ! temporal welf>e ( ! innoc5t community z a :ole4 ,sid5ote3 ,h5ce ! extreme rig\r ) :i* sexual crimes h be5 puni%$ by _m races4 ,& conv]sely1 :]ev] we f9d t ince/1 adult]y1 & =nication are treat$ by ! community ) extreme rig\r1 we may reasonably inf] t ! orig9al motive = su* treatm5t 0 sup]/ition2 9 o!r words1 t :]ev] a tribe or nation1 n cont5t ) leav+ ^! transgressions to be av5g$ by ! injur$ p>ties1 has itself puni%$ !m ) exceptional sev]ity1 ! reason = do+ s has probably be5 a belief t ! effect ( all su* del9qu5cies is to di/urb ! c\rse ( nature & !reby to endang] ! :ole p1 :o accord+ly mu/ protect !mselves by effectually dis>m+ &1 if necess>y1 ext]m9at+ ! del9qu5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,anci5t codes4 ,?is may expla91 = example1 :y ! ,indian ,laws ( ,manu decre$ t an adult]ess %\ld be dev\r$ by dogs 9 a public place1 & t an adult]] %\ld be roa/$ to dea? on a r$-hot iron #fd b$2#fd4a :y ! ,babylonian code ( ,hammurabi s5t5c$ an adult]\s c\ple to be /rangl$ & ca/ into ! riv]2 & :y ! same code puni%$ ince/ ) a "m by burn+ bo? ! culprits4#fd4b ,on ! same supposition we c und]/& ! sev]ity ( ! puni%m5ts met$ out to c]ta9 sexual (f5ces by ! ,mosaic law4 ,?us1 = example1 "u x an adult]ess & h] p>am\r 7 s5t5c$ to dea?3#fd4c a woman :o at m>riage 0 f\nd n to be a maid 0 /on$3#fd4d ! un*a/e daught] ( a prie/ 0 burn$ ) fire2#fd4e & if a man m>ri$ a woman & h] daught]1 he & !y 7 9 l mann] doom$ to ! flames4#fd4f ,sid5ote3 ,rigor\s p5alties inflict$ 9 ,africa4 ,_m ,african tribes repress sexual crimes by rigor\s p5alties1 or did s until _! moral /&>d 0 modifi$ by contact ) ,europeans4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,bag&a1 _! puni%m5ts = brea*es ( sexual morality4 ,among ! ,bag&a ( ,c5tral ,africa1 8?\gh dea? 0 usually ! puni%m5t inflict$ = adult]y1 an (f5d]'s life w\ld sometimes be sp>$1 & he be f9$ two wom51 if he 7 able to pay !m2 ! culprit 01 h[ev]1 maim$2 he lo/ a limb1 or _h an eye g\g$ out1 & %[$ by 8 maim$ condition t he _h be5 guilty ( a crime4 ,a slave tak5 9 adult]y ) "o ( 8 ma/]'s wives 0 inv>iably put to dea?4 ,wom5 7 compell$ by torture to "n _! s$uc]s2 if ! accus$ man d5i$ ! *>ge1 ! woman 0 ask$ to describe "s p]sonal peculi>ity ( 81 or "s m>k on 8 body :i* c\ld be id5tifi$2 !n if ! man 0 f\nd to h ! peculi>ity1 he 0 ei!r f9$ or put to dea?4 ,9 ord] to arrive at ! tru?1 a man :o d5i$ a *>ge made aga9/ him 0 sometimes /ret*$ out ) 8 arms & feet ti$ to /akes driv5 firmly into ! gr\nd1 a piece ( b>kclo? 0 !n fa/5$ ab\t 8 private p>ts1 & set sm\ld]+4 ,z soon z ! fire rea*$ 8 body1 ! pa9 became too great #fe to be>1 & ! man w\ld own himself guilty 9 ord] to be releas$ f torture4 ,he w\ld !n be ei!r kill$ or f9$4 ,an adult]] 0 call$ a murd]] 7musi71 because he 0 look$ ^u z a man :o delib]ately set ab\t to compass ! dea? ( ! woman's husb&2 ei!r directly1 = he w\ld g arm$ to visit ! woman1 & if he 0 di/urb$1 he w\ld n hesitate to /rike2 or indirectly1 by (f5d+ ! feti*es4 ,m5 knew t1 if !y 7 caught 9 ! act ( adult]y1 ! p5alty w\ld be dea?1 unless !y 7 relat$ to ! p]son wrong$1 9 :i* case ! latt] might be will+ to accept a f9e1 & might cont5t himself ) mutilat+ ! culprit4 ,! wor/ consequ5ce to ! injur$ husb& 0 ! ang] ( 8 feti*es & gods1 ^: cu/odian 0 8 wife4 ,by h] action ! wife _h involv$ h] husb& 9 _! displeasure2 he 0 ?us left expos$ to ! malice ( any enemy1 & 8 dang] 0 increas$ 9 ! "t ( w>1 because ! gods _h )drawn _! protection f him40#fe4a ,?us among ! ,bag&a adult]y 0 reg>d$ n simply z a civil (f5ce b z a s91 :i* br\ght d[n ! ang] ( ! gods1 n z we might expect1 on ! adult]]1 b on ! injur$ husb&4 ,fur!r1 ! ,bag&a 7 divid$ into a numb] ( totemic clans1 & memb]s ( any "o clan 7 /rictly prohibit$ f m>ry+ or hav+ sexual relations ) ea* o!r4 8,sexual int]c\rse ) a memb] ( ! same clan 7kive71 or ) a woman ( ! "m's clan1 0 puni%$ by ! dea? ( bo? p>ties1 because !y 7 consid]$ to h br\ght ! god's displeasure on ! :ole clan40#fe4b ,sid5ote3 ,=nication1 adult]y1 & ince/ sev]ely puni%$ by o!r ,african tribes4 ,among ! ,basoga1 :o bord] on ! ,bag&a to ! ea/1 :5 a man got a virg9 ) *ild1 ! guilty c\ple us$ to be dragg$ (f to ! ,riv] ,ntakwe2 !re /ones 7 ti$ to _! ankles & legs1 &1 along ) a sacrificial %eep1 !y 7 ?r[n into ! wat] & dr[n$4 ,h[ev]1 ?is rigor\s p5alty 0 aboli%$ & a f9e sub/itut$ be=e ! c\ntry came "u ,briti% rule4#fe4c ,among ! ,kavirondo1 :o bord] on ! ,basoga to ! #ff ea/1 8until q rec5tly adult]y on ! "p ( a wife 0 puni%$ ) dea?1 & dea? equally 0 met$ out to "y m5 & girls :o 7 f\nd guilty ( =nication4 ,x 0 ?\ght a %ameful ?+ if a girl 0 n f\nd to be a virg9 on h] w$d+ day40#ff4a ,among ! ,n&i1 :o bord] on ! ,kavirondo to ! nor?-ea/1 8ince/1 int]c\rse ) a /ep-"m1 /ep-daught]1 c\s9 or o!r ne> relation1 is puni%$ by :at is kn[n z injoket4 ,a cr[d ( p assemble outside ! h\se ( ! culprit1 :o is dragg$ out1 & ! puni%m5t is inflict$ by ! wom51 all ( :om1 bo? "y & old1 /rip = ! occasion4 ,! man is flogg$1 8 h\ses & crops de/roy$1 & "s ( 8 /ock confiscat$40#ff4b ,among ! ,b>ea1 a tribe on ! bord]s ( ,abyss9ia1 :5 a s+le woman1 :e!r maid or wid[1 is f\nd ) *ild1 %e is /rangl$ by h] fa!r or bro!r1 & ! same puni%m5t is inflict$ on h] s$uc]2 ! *ild ( _! unlawful union is /abb$4 ,?is cu/om is rigor\sly c>ri$ out1 except :5 ! s$uc] is a noble & 8 p>am\r a vassal2 9 t case bo? are sp>$1 b ! infant is kill$4#ff4c ,among ! ,b5i ,am]1 ano!r tribe ( ! same region1 an unm>ri$ girl f\nd pregnant is put to dea? by h] own bro!r1 :atev] h] rank1 & ! s$uc] is kill$ by 8 own bro!r2 ! *ild also is sla94 ,b ! law is n s sev]e on a wid[ or divorc$ wife :o is detect$ 9 a slip2 h] s$uc] has only to pay a f9e2 b ! *ild is buri$ alive4 ,! ,b5i ,am] w n suff] a ba/>d to live4#ff4d ,among ! ,anyanja ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa adult]y 0 puni%$ by dr[n+ & %oot+4 ,if "o ( ! culprits 0 a *ief's wife1 %e 0 ti$ to h] p>am\r1 & ! pair 7 !n ?r[n into a riv] to dr[n or left 9 ! op5 space ( ! village to die ( hung] & exposure4 ,a man :o _h committ$ a rape 0 b\nd1 weight$ ) /ones1 & ca/ into ! lake4#ff4e ,among ! ,awemba ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia1 #fg :5 a husb& detect$ 8 wife 9 ! act ( adult]y1 he kill$ bo? h] & h] p>tn] 9 guilt4 ,= su* execution he might n be indict$ = murd] or manslaught]4 ,he w\ld m]ely return ! blood-/a9$ spe> to ! woman's fa!r1 :o by 8 words 9 ! m>riage c]emony1 8,y %all spe> ! man :o lu/s aft] y\r wife10 0 e/opp$ f tak+ v5geance = ! dea? ( 8 daught]4 ,if ! husb& sp>$ ! err+ c\ple & ! wife 0 aga9 tak5 9 adult]y1 ! villag]s !mselves decre$ ! puni%m5t4 ,! unfai?ful wife & h] lov] 7 dragg$ outside ! village & impal$ on %>p /akes amid ! taunts & je]s ( ! by/&]s1 :o only desi/$ f _! mock]y :5 dea? _h /ill$ ! wri?+ agony ( ! suff]]s4#fg4a 8,! ,hott5tots10 says an old writ]1 8all[ n m>riages betwe5 fir/ or second c\s9s4 ,!y h a tradition>y law1 :i* orda9s1 t bo? man & woman1 s ne> to ea* o!r 9 blood1 :o %all be convict$ ( jo9+ toge!r ei!r 9 m>riage or =nication1 %all be cudgel'd to dea?4 ,?is law1 !y say1 has prevail'd ?r\gh all ! g5]ations ( 'em2 & t !y execute x at once1 ^u a conviction1 )\t any reg>d to weal?1 p[] or aff9ity40#fg4b ,sid5ote3 ,ince/ & adult]y sev]ely puni%$ 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,we h se5 t 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies sexual crimes1 p>ticul>ly ince/1 adult]y1 & =nication1 are (t5 view$ ) grave displeasure because !y are believ$ to draw d[n ! wra? ( ! high] p[]s on ! :ole community4 ,h5ce x is natural t su* (f5ces %\ld be treat$ z high treason & ! (f5d]s puni%$ ) dea?4 ,a common puni%m5t is dr[n+4 ,= example1 :5 ince/ betwe5 a p>5t & a *ild or betwe5 a bro!r & a si/] has be5 detect$ among ! ,kubus1 a primitive aborig9al tribe ( ,sumatra1 ! culprits are enclos$ 9 a l>ge fi%-trap1 made ( rattan or bamboo1 & sunk 9 a deep pool ( ! riv]4 ,h[ev]1 !y are n p9ion$2 nay1 !y are ev5 furni%$ ) a t9 knife1 & #fh if !y c cut _! way out ( ! trap1 rise ?r\gh ! bubbl+ wat] to ! surface1 & swim a%ore1 !y are all[$ to live4#fh4a ,9 ! isl& ( ,bali ince/ & adult]y are puni%$ by dr[n+2 ! crim9als are sew$ up 9 a sack half-fill$ ) /ones & rice & ca/ into ! sea4 ,a l doom is incurr$ by a woman :o m>ries a man ( a l[] ca/e2 b sometimes %e dies a m dreadful dea?1 be+ burnt alive4 ,sid5ote3 ,modes ( execution adopt$ :i* avoid ! %$d+ ( blood4 ,bo? modes ( execution may be adopt$ 9 ord] to avoid %$d+ ! blood ( ! s9n]s2 = 9 ,bali1 ! ord9>y way ( despat*+ a crim9al is to /ab him to ! he>t ) a creese 7kris7 or crook$ ,malay sword4#fh4b ,9 ! isl& ( ,celebes1 z we saw1 ! blood ( p]sons :o h be5 guilty ( c]ta9 sexual crimes is believ$ to bla/ ! gr\nd on :i* x falls2#fh4c s t x is natural 9 _! case to resort to a bloodless mode ( execution su* z dr[n+ or burn+4 ,9 ,mamo$joe1 a di/rict on ! we/ coa/ ( ,celebes1 ! ince/ ( a fa!r ) 8 daught] or ( a bro!r ) 8 si/] is puni%$ by b9d+ ! culprits h& & foot1 weight+ !m ) /ones1 & fl++ !m into ! sea4#fh4d ,among ! ,bug9eese ( ,s\!rn ,celebes p]sons ( pr9cely rank :o h committ$ ?is crime are plac$ on a raft ( bamboos & set float+ away out to sea4#fh4e ,sid5ote3 ,p]sons guilty ( ince/ buri$ alive4 ,9 ,sem5do1 a di/rict ( ,sumatra1 ! puni%m5t = ince/ & murd] us$ to be to bury ! crim9als alive4 ,be=e !y 7 l$ to _! doom1 x 0 cu/om>y = ! villag]s to fea/ !m1 e family kill+ a f[l = ! purpose4 ,!n ! :ole population escort$ ! culprits to _! grave outside ! village & saw ! e>? %ovell$ 9 ^u !m4 ,9 ! ye> #ahfd1 at ! village ( ,t&jong ,imam1 ?is doom 0 execut$ on a man & 8 deceas$ wife's si/]1 ) :om he _h be5 detect$ 9 an intrigue4 8,great 0 my emotion & indignation10 said ! humane ,dut* gov]nor1 #fi 8:5 ,i /ood by ! grave ( ^! poor wret*es along ) ! unwor?y *iefs :o _h sat on ! b5* ( ju/ice dur+ ! en=c$ abs5ce ( ,pang]an ,anom & pron\nc$ ?is s5t5ce4 ,i told !m 9 pla9 language t judges :o pron\nc$ su* a s5t5ce ( dea? on gr\nds s trivial 7! reque/ ( ! family conc]n$7 des]v$ !mselves to und]go ! same puni%m5t40 ,! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t has s9ce issu$ /r+5t ord]s t no "o h5ce=? is to be buri$ alive1 & has ?reat5$ ) dea? any p]son :o %all d>e to disreg>d its ord]s4#fi4a ,! same puni%m5t = ince/ is1 or us$ to be1 inflict$ by ! ,pasemh]s1 ano!r tribe ( ,sumatra1 b m m]ciful ?an ! p ( ,sem5do !y gave ! culprits at lea/ a *ance = _! life4 ,! guilty pair 7 b\nd back to back & buri$ 9 a deep hole1 b f ! m\? ( ea* a holl[ bamboo communicat$ ) ! upp] air2 & if :5 ! grave 0 op5$ aft] sev5 days ! wret*es 7 f\nd to h surviv$ a prolong$ agony f> worse ?an dea?1 !y 7 grant$ _! life4#fi4b ,nor 0 ev5 ?is dreadful fate ! wor/ t c\ld befall ! s9n] :o broke ! rules ( sexual morality 9 ,sumatra4 ,sid5ote3 ,adult]]s kill$ & eat54 ,! ,battas or ,bataks ( ,c5tral ,sumatra condemn$ an adult]] to be kill$ & eat52 /rictly speak+ he %\ld be spe>$ to dea? fir/ & eat5 aft]w>ds1 b z ! injur$ husb& & 8 fri5ds 7 commonly ! judges & execution]s1 x sometimes happ5$ t1 passion prov+ too /rong = a /rict adh]5ce to ! lett] ( ! law1 !y cut ! fle% f 8 liv+ body1 ate x1 & drank 8 blood1 be=e x occurr$ to !m to t]m9ate 8 suff]+s by a spe>-?ru/4 ,h[ev]1 an adult]] occasionally escap$ ) 8 life on ! paym5t ( a f9e1 always provid$ t 8 accomplice 0 n ! wife ( a *ief2 = 9 t case !re 0 no help = x b he mu/ be kill$ & eat54#fi4c ,ev5 trivial misdemean\rs or acts :i* we %\ld #gj deem p]fectly innoc5t may draw condign puni%m5t on ! ?\ghtless1 ! imprud5t1 ! light-he>t$ 9 ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago4 ,sid5ote3 ,extreme sev]ity ( ! code ( sexual morality 9 ,lombok4 ,?us we read t 9 ! isl& ( ,lombok 8! m5 are exce$+ly jeal\s & v /rict ) _! wives4 ,a m>ri$ woman may n accept a cig> or a sirih leaf f a /rang] "u pa9 ( dea?4 ,i 0 in=m$ t "s ye>s ago "o ( ! ,engli% trad]s _h a ,bal9ese woman ( good family liv+ ) him--! connexion be+ consid]$ q hon\rable by ! natives4 ,dur+ "s fe/ival ?is girl (f5d$ aga9/ ! law by accept+ a fl[] or "s su* trifle f ano!r man4 ,?is 0 report$ to ! ,rajah 7to "s ( ^: wives ! girl 0 relat$71 & he imm$iately s5t to ! ,engli%man's h\se ord]+ him to give ! woman up z %e mu/ be #8kriss$4' ,9 va9 he begg$ & pray$1 & (f]$ to pay any f9e ! ,rajah might impose1 & f9ally refus$ to give h] up unless he 0 =c$ to d s4 ,?is ! ,rajah did n wi% to resort to1 z he no d\bt ?\ght he 0 act+ z mu* = ! ,engli%man's hon\r z = 8 own2 s he appe>$ to let ! matt] drop4 ,b "s "t aft]w>ds he s5t "o ( 8 foll[]s to ! h\se1 :o beckon$ ! girl to ! door1 & !n say+1 #8,! ,rajah s5ds y ?is1' /abb$ h] to ! he>t4 ,m s]i\s infidelity is puni%$ /ill m cruelly1 ! woman & h] p>am\r be+ ti$ back to back & ?r[n into ! sea1 :]e "s l>ge crocodiles are always on ! wat* to dev\r ! bodies4 ,"o su* execution took place :ile ,i 0 at ,ampanam1 b ,i took a long walk into ! c\ntry to be out ( ! way till x 0 all ov]40#gj4a ,sid5ote3 ,! sev]ity ( ! code bas$ at bottom on sup]/ition4 ,z ! ,malay peoples ( ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 f :om ! =ego+ examples are drawn1 h rea*$ a fair level ( culture1 x might p]haps be ?\ght t ! extreme sev]ity ) :i* !y visit (f5ces aga9/ _! code ( sexual morality spr+s f an excessive ref9em5t ( feel+ r ?an f a crude sup]/ition2 & no d\bt x may well happ5 t extreme s5sitiv5ess on ! po9t ( hon\r1 ( :i* ! ,malays are susceptible1 contributes 9 _m cases to %>p5 ! sword ( ju/ice #ga & add fre% =ce to ! /roke4 ,yet "u ?is delicacy ( s5tim5t !re appe>s to lie a deep f\ndation ( sup]/ition1 z we may see by ! extraord9>y & disa/r\s influ5ce :i* 9 ! op9ion ( ^! p sexual crime ex]ts1 n s mu* on ! crim9als !mselves1 z on ! :ole realm ( nature1 draw+ d[n deluges ( ra9 f ! cl\ds till ! crops rot 9 ! fields1 %ak+ ! solid e>? b5ea? m5's feet1 & bl[+ up into flames ! slumb]+ fires ( ! volcano1 till ! sky is d>k5$ at noon by a black canopy ( fall+ a%es & illum9$ at night by ! sull5 gl[ ( ! molt5 lava %ot =? f ! subt]ranean furnace4#ga4a ,sid5ote3 ,a simil> sev]ity 9 sexual matt]s obs]v$ among ! ,au/ralian aborig9es1 ! l[e/ ( exi/+ savages4 ,& h[ev] mu* an ov]-ref9em5t ( feel+ may be invok$ to expla9 ! m ?an ,puritanical sev]ity ( ! ,malay moral code 9 sexual matt]s1 no su* explanation c be appli$ to ! l emotion ( horror :i* simil> (f5ces excite among ! savage aborig9es ( ,au/ralia1 ! l[e/ & ! lea/ ref9$ probably ( all ! races ( m5 ab\t :om we possess accurate in=mation4 ,^! rude savages also treat$ ) rigor\s sev]ity all brea*es ( t widely ramifi$ network ( prohibitions 9 :i* ?r\gh\t ! ,au/ralian cont95t1 be=e x fell "u ,engli% rule1 ! two sexes liv$ imme%$4 ,! :ole community ( a tribe or nation 0 commonly subdivid$ into a numb] ( m9ute bodies1 :i* we are accu/om$ to call classes or clans accord+ to ! pr9ciple on :i* !y 7 v>i\sly con/itut$4 ,no man might m>ry a woman ( 8 own class or clan1 & 9 mo/ tribes 8 fre$om ( *oice 0 /ill fur!r limit$ by complex rules ( m>riage & desc5t :i* exclud$ him f seek+ a wife 9 _m m subdivisions ( ! tribe1 & sometimes compell$ him to look = h] only 9 "o out ( !m all4 ,& ! ord9>y p5alty = any violation ( ^! rules 0 dea?4 ,! (f5d] 0 lucky :o escap$ ) 8 life & a body m or less riddl$ ) spe> w\nds4 ,sid5ote3 ,sev]e puni%m5ts inflict$ = sexual (f5ces among ! aborig9es ( ,victoria4 ,?us "o :o knew ! aborig9es ( ,victoria well 9 ! old days1 be=e !y 7 fir/ contam9at$ & !n de/roy$ by contact ) ,european civilization1 tells u t 8no m>riage or betro?al is p]mitt$ )\t ! approval #gb ( ! *iefs ( ea* p>ty1 :o fir/ asc]ta9 t no #8fle%' relation%ip exi/s1 & ev5 !n _! p]mission mu/ be rew>d$ by pres5ts4 ,s /rictly are ! laws ( m>riage c>ri$ out1 t1 %\ld any signs ( affection & c\rt%ip be obs]v$ betwe5 ^? ( #8"o fle%1' ! bro!rs1 or male relatives ( ! woman beat h] sev]ely2 ! man is br\ght be=e ! *ief1 & accus$ ( an int5tion to fall into ! same fle%1 & is sev]ely reprim&$ by ! tribe4 ,if he p]si/s1 & runs away ) ! object ( 8 affections1 !y beat & #8cut 8 head all ov]'2 & if ! woman 0 a cons5t+ p>ty %e is half kill$4 ,if %e dies 9 consequ5ce ( h] puni%m5t1 h] dea? is av5g$ by ! man's receiv+ an additional beat+ f h] relatives4 ,no o!r v5geance is tak51 z h] puni%m5t is legal4 ,a *ild born "u su* conditions is tak5 f ! p>5ts1 & h&$ ov] to ! c>e ( its gr&mo!r1 :o is compell$ to re> x1 z no "o else w adopt x4 ,x says mu* = ! morality ( ! aborig9es & _! laws t illegitimacy is r>e1 & is look$ ^u ) su* abhorr5ce t ! "m is always sev]ely beat5 by h] relatives1 & sometimes put to dea? & burn$4 ,h] *ild is occasionally kill$ & burn$ ) h]4 ,! fa!r ( ! *ild is also puni%$ ) ! greate/ sev]ity1 & occasionally kill$4 ,%\ld he survive ! *a/isem5t inflict$ ^u him1 he is always %unn$ by ! woman's relatives1 & any ef=ts to conciliate !m ) gifts are spurn$1 & 8 pres5ts are put 9 ! fire & burn$4 ,s9ce ! adv5t ( ! ,europeans among !m1 ! aborig9es h occasionally disreg>d$ _! admirable m>riage laws1 & to ?is disreg>d !y attribute ! great] weakness & unheal?9ess ( _! *ildr540#gb4a ,sid5ote3 ,sev]e puni%m5ts inflict$ = sexual (f5ces 9 ! ,wakelbura tribe ( ,que5sl&4 ,aga91 9 ! ,wakelbura tribe ( ea/]n ,que5sl& ! law 0 extremely /rict z to unlawful connexions or elopem5ts betwe5 p]sons too ne>ly relat$ to ea* o!r4 ,su* p]sons might be1 = example1 ^? :om we call c\s9s bo? on ! fa!r's & ! "m's side1 z well z ^? :o belong$ to a =bidd5 class4 ,if su* a man #gc c>ri$ (f a woman :o _h be5 betro!d to ano!r1 he w\ld be pursu$ n only by ! male relations ( ! woman & ( h] betro!d husb&1 b also by ! m5 ( 8 own tribal subdivision1 :om he _h outrag$ by 8 brea* ( ! m>riage law2 & :]ev] !y ov]took him1 he w\ld h to fight !m all4 ,8 own bro!rs w\ld *all5ge him to fight by ?r[+ boom]angs or o!r weapons at him2 & if he did n accept ! *all5ge1 !y w\ld turn on ! woman & cripple or kill h] ) _! weapons1 unless %e c\ld escape into ! bu%4 ,nay1 ! woman's own "m w\ld cut & p]haps slay h] ) h] own h&s4 ,soon] or lat] ! ravi%] _h to engage 9 s+le combat ) ! man he _h injur$4 ,bo? 7 fully arm$ ) %ield1 spe>1 boom]ang & knife4 ,:5 !y _h exhau/$ _! missiles1 !y clos$ on ea* o!r ) _! knives1 a d5se r+ ( blacks g5]ally =m+ r\nd ! combatants to see fair play4 ,9 su* a fight ! man :o _h brok5 ! tribal law always came (f wor/2 = ev5 if he got ! bett] ( 8 adv]s>y1 ! o!r m5 & ev5 8 own bro!rs w\ld attack him & probably ga% him ) _! knives4 ,fatal /abs 7 sometimes giv5 9 ^! fights1 b m usually1 x w\ld seem1 ! onlook]s int]f]$ & wre/$ ! weapons f ! two combatants be=e !y proce$$ to extremities4 ,9 any case ! woman :o _h elop$ 0 t]ribly maul$ ) knives1 & if %e surviv$ ! ordeal 0 re/or$ to ! man :om %e _h des]t$4#gc4a ,sid5ote3 ,sev]e puni%m5t inflict$ = sexual (f5ces among ! aborig9es ( o!r p>ts ( ,au/ralia4 ,among ! tribes 9 ! c5tral p>ts ( ,nor?-,we/ ,que5sl&1 if a man elop$ ) a s+le woman :om he might lawfully m>ry1 b :o = any reason 0 =bidd5 to him by ! tribal c\ncil1 he _h on return+ to camp ) 8 wife to run ! gauntlet ( ! outrag$ community1 :o hack$ 8 buttocks & %\ld]s ) knives1 beat 8 head & limbs ) /icks & boom]angs1 & prick$ ! fle%y p>ts ( 8 ?ighs ) spe>s1 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 n to inflict fatal injuries1 le/ !y %\ld incur blood rev5ge4 ,b if ! woman ) :om ! man _h elop$ #gd 0 ( a class into :i* he might n m>ry1 bo? ! culprits 7 put to dea?1 ! relations on bo? sides tacitly cons5t+ to ! execution4#gd4a ,9 ! ,yu9 tribe ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 if a man elop$ ) a woman ( 8 own tribal subdivision1 all ! m5 w\ld pursue him2 & if he refus$ to give ! woman up1 ! sorc]] ( ! place w\ld probably say to 8 m51 8,?is man has done v wrong1 y mu/ kill him02 :]eupon somebody w\ld ?ru/ a spe> into him1 8 relatives n int]f]+ le/ ! same fate %\ld befall !m4#gd4b ,! same puni%m5t 0 inflict$ = ! same (f5ce by ! ,wotjobaluk tribe ( ,nor?-,we/]n ,victoria2 b _! we/]n neighb\rs1 ! ,mukj>awa9t tribe1 n cont5t ) kill+ ! guilty man1 cut (f ! fle% (f 8 ?ighs & upp] arms1 roa/$ & ate x1 8 own bro!r p>tak+ ( ! cannibal meal4 ,z = ! re/ ( ! body1 !y *opp$ x up small & left x ly+ on a log4 ,! same cu/om is said to h be5 obs]v$ by ! ,jupagalk tribe4#gd4c ,among _m tribes ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 z well z ( o!r p>ts ( t cont95t1 p]sons :o be> ! same class-"n may n m>ry4 ,any su* m>riage is reg>d$ z ince/ & rigor\sly puni%$4 ,= example1 8! union ( ,boorong & ,boorong is to ! natives ! union ( bro!r & si/]1 al?\gh !re may be no real blood relation%ip betwe5 ! pair1 & a union ( t k9d is look$ ^u ) horror1 & ! p]petrators v sev]ely puni%$ & sep>at$1 & if ! crime is repeat$ !y are bo? kill$40#gd4d ,on ! o!r side ( ! cont95t ! ,kamil>oi ( ,new ,s\? ,wales simil>ly inflict$ condign puni%m5t on bo? ! culprits :o p]si/$ 9 m>ry+ ea* o!r contr>y to ! tribal law2 ! male relations ( ! man kill$ him1 & ! female relations ( ! woman kill$ h]4 ,sid5ote3 ,p5alty ( dea? inflict$ = ! crime ( speak+ to a "m-9-law4 ,! ,kamil>oi ( ! ,gwydir ,riv] w5t fur!r2 !y #ge kill$ any man :o s mu* z spoke to or held any communication ) 8 "m-9-law1#ge4a = "o ( ! mo/ /r+5t laws ( savage etiquette is t :i* prohibits any direct social int]c\rse betwe5 a man & 8 wife's "m4 ,! law has be5 v>i\sly expla9$1#ge4b b a l>ge body ( evid5ce po9ts to ! conclusion t ?is cu/om ( mutual avoidance is simply a precaution to prev5t improp] relations betwe5 ! two4 ,h5ce a brief consid]ation ( x is appropriate 9 ?is place2 = to all appe>ance ! cu/om1 ?\gh x may be :olesome & b5eficial 9 practice1 has orig9at$ purely 9 sup]/ition4 ,b be=e giv+ my reasons = ?9k+ s x may be well1 = ! sake ( ^? :o are unfamili> ) savage etiquette1 to illu/rate ! practice itself by a few examples4#ge4c ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ a "m-9-law & o!r relations by m>riage among ! ,boloki ( ! ,congo4 ,speak+ ( ! ,boloki1 a ,bantu tribe ( ! ,upp] ,congo1 an exp]i5c$ mission>y1 ! ,rev4 ,john ,h4 ,weeks1 writes z foll[s3 8,p]haps ?is w be ! be/ place 9 :i* to make a few rem>ks on ! "m-9-law4 ,%e & h] son-9-law may nev] look on ea* o!r's face4 ,i h (t5 he>d a man say1 #8,s-&-s1 y\r "m-9-law is com+1' & ! p]son address$ w\ld run into my h\se & hide himself until 8 wife's "m _h gone by4 ,!y c sit at a little di/ance f ea* o!r1 ) _! backs to "o ano!r1 & talk ov] affairs :5 necess>y4 ,bokilo means "m-9-law1 daught]-9-law1 bro!r-9-law1 fa!r-9-law1 si/] ( "m-9-law1 bro!r ( fa!r-9-law1 wife ( wife's bro!r1 & 9 fact any relation-9-law4 ,bokilo1 ! n\n1 is d]iv$ f kila to =bid1 prohibit1 taboo1 & indicates t all be>+ ! relation%ip ( #gf bokilo c h no intimate relation%ip ) "o ano!r1 = x is reg>d$ z ince/u\s2 & x is accord+ to native ideas j z wrong = a daught]-9-law to speak or look at h] husb&'s fa!r1 z = ! son-9-law to speak or look at 8 wife's "m4 ,"s h told me t ?is 0 to gu>d aga9/ all possibility ( cohabitation1 #8,= a p]son y nev] look at y nev] desire4' ,o!rs h said1 #8,well1 don't y see1 my wife came f h] womb4' ,i am /rongly incl9$ to ! op9ion t ! =m] is ! real reason40#gf4a ,f ?is /atem5t x appe>s t a man & 8 wife's "m are n ! only p]sons :o are b\nd to avoid ea* o!r 9 society2 ! same rule ( social avoidance is incumb5t on a man & 8 son's wife1 & on _m o!r p]sons ( opposite sex :o are connect$ ) ea* o!r by m>riage2 & 9 reg>d to all su* p]sons x is held t any intimate relation%ip betwe5 !m w\ld be ince/u\s4 ,h5ce we see1 :at is important to be> 9 m9d1 t ! rule ( social avoidance incumb5t on a man & 8 wife's "m is by no means solit>y ( its k9d1 & _c be consid]$ ap>t f a l>ge numb] ( simil> rules ( avoidance obs]v$ betwe5 o!r p]sons4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ relations by m>riage among ! ,batamba ( ,busoga4 ,! same l>ge ext5sion ( ! rule appe>s 9 ! cu/oms ( ! ,batamba1 a ,bantu tribe ( ,busoga1 a c\ntry on ! nor? side ( ! ,lake ,victoria ,nyanza4 ,a ,ca?olic mission>y1 :o has lab\r$ among ! ,batamba = n9e ye>s1 describes _! practice 9 ?is matt] z foll[s3-- 8,!re is a v /range cu/om :i* may be consid]$ "h4 ,if a son m>ries or if a daught] does ! same1 !n if !y are gr[n up1 f ! day ! son or daught] m>ries1 ! "m1 fa!r ( bo? p>ties1 ! bro!rs & si/]s ( bo? p>ties are n all[$ to sleep "u ! same ro(4 ,if a man m>ries1 !n he builds a h\se = himself1 & %\ld 8 p>5ts live ) him1 or 8 bro!rs & si/]s1 !n !y mu/ h a sep>ate h\se ne> by4 ,!y are n =bidd5 to g 9 & visit him or h]1 b are n all[$ to sleep !re4 ,! reason is ?is4 ,!y say t o!rwise sickness is caus$1 & ?is #gg is call$ endivade ya buko1 ! sickness ( relation%ip1 lit]ally tak54 ,! sickness is call$ bujugumiro1 trembl+1 f ! v]b kujugumira1 to %iv] or tremble4 ,?is _c be got out ( _! heads1 & no am\nt ( talk+ or argu+ w conv9ce !m ( ! opposite4 ,i h att5d$ _m cases ( ?is disease & ,i h n kn[n "o to recov]4 8,aga91 ! fa!r & "m ( ! bride & bridegroom1 ! aunts & uncles ( bride & bridegroom may no m %ake h&s or t\* 9 any way ! bride & bridegroom1 or else ! same disease1 bujugumiro1 w foll[4 ,( c\rse mu* less w !y commit !mselves betwe5 ea* o!r = ! fe> ( ! same reason4 ,& x is nev] he>d ( t a bro!r & si/]1 aunt & nephew1 niece & uncle h ev] committ$ !mselves s]i\sly4 ,!y are s afraid ( ! disease !y say w foll[1 t1 z a man "h ov] sev5ty ye>s ( age tells me1 he has nev] 9 8 :ole life he>d ( su* a misbehavi\r4 ,! p say1 #8,jekiy9zika x is impossible = su* a ?+ to happ54' ,& no d\bt "o is /ruck ) ! c>e !y take4 ,! disease foll[+ does n come z a puni%m5t f ! gods1 b !y say1 #8,endwada ejja yokka1 ! illness comes by itself4'0#gg4a ,sid5ote3 ,avoidance ( blood relations z well z ( connexions by m>riage4 ,f ! =ego+ acc\nt x appe>s t among ! ,batamba ! rules ( social avoidance are obs]v$ betwe5 blood-relations ( opposite sexes1 su* z bro!rs & si/]s1 uncles & nieces1 aunts & nephews1 z well z betwe5 connexions by m>riage4 ,?is is a fur!r ext5sion ( ! rule ( social avoidance :i* x is important to be> 9 m9d4 ,we %all recur to x pres5tly4 ,= our pres5t purpose x des]ves also to be notic$ t brea*es ( ! cu/om are believ$ to be puni%$ by a disease ( trembl+ or %iv]+1 :i*1 ?\gh x probably spr+s purely f ! imag9ation ( ! culprits1 nev]!less appe>s to be always fatal4 ,fur!r1 we le>n t ! m]e appreh5sion ( ?is disease acts z a mo/ effici5t *eck ^u improp] relations betwe5 p]sons :o are connect$ ) ea* o!r by blood or m>riage4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ "m-9-law & own daught] among ! ,akamba ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa4 ,among ! ,akamba1 a ,bantu tribe ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 #gh 8if a man meets 8 "m-9-law 9 ! road !y bo? hide _! faces & pass by 9 ! bu% on opposite sides ( ! pa?4 ,if a man did n obs]ve ?is cu/om & at any "t want$ to m>ry ano!r wife1 x w\ld prove a s]i\s /igma1 & p>5ts w\ld h no?+ to d ) him4 ,moreov]1 if a wife he>d t h] husb& _h /opp$ & spok5 to h] "m 9 ! road1 %e w\ld leave him4 ,if a man has bus9ess he wi%es to discuss ) 8 "m-9-law1 he goes to h] hut at night1 & %e w talk to him f beh9d ! p>tition 9 ! hut4''' ,if a girl ( ! age ( pub]ty meets h] fa!r 9 ! road1 %e hides z he passes1 nor c %e ev] g & sit ne> him 9 ! village until ! day comes :5 he tells h] t x has be5 arrang$ = h] to m>ry a c]ta9 man4 ,aft] m>riage %e does n avoid h] fa!r 9 any way40#gh4a ,?us among ! ,akamba a man mu/ avoid 8 own m>riageable1 b unm>ri$1 daught] exactly z he avoids 8 wife's "m2 b ! cu/om ( avoidance ceases :5 8 daught] m>ries4 ,?is ext5sion ( ! rule to a man's own daught]1 & its limitation to ! "t dur+ :i* ! girl is nubile b s+le1 are mo/ significant1 & po9t pla9ly to a fe> ( improp] relations betwe5 fa!r & daught]4 ,to t po9t we %all return %ortly4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ p>5ts-9-law among v>i\s tribes ( ,c5tral & ,ea/ ,africa4 ,among ! ,bak]ewe1 a ,bantu p inhabit+ a l>ge & f]tile isl& 9 ,lake ,victoria ,nyanza1 8! wife1 :e!r ! fir/ 7omukuru7 or ! la/ 7omw5ga71 mu/ always belong to a family o!r ?an t ( ! husb&1 = m>riages are n contract$ betwe5 relations4 ,nev] 9 any case w ! new h\sehold e/abli% itself 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! wife's p>5ts4 ,! reason is t ! son-9-law 7omukw]ima7 & 8 "m-9-law 7maz>a71 accord+ to _! cu/oms1 may n see ea* o!r nor look ^u ea* o!r2 h5ce 9 ord] n to run ! risk ( break+ a rule to :i* ev]ybody atta*es grave importance1 !y g z f> away z possible40#gh4b ,among "s tribes ( ,ea/]n ,africa :i* =m]ly ackn[l$g$ ! suz]a9ty ( ! sultan ( ,zanzib>1 be=e a "y c\ple _h *ildr5 #gi !y might meet nei!r _! fa!r-9-law nor _! "m-9-law4 ,to avoid !m !y mu/ make a long r\ndab\t4 ,b if !y c\ld n d t1 !y mu/ ?r[ !mselves on ! gr\nd & hide _! faces till ! fa!r-9-law or "m-9-law _h pass$ by4#gi4a ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ p>5ts-9-law among ! tribes ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa & ,nor!rn ,rhodesia4 ,among ! ,anyanja1 a ,bantu p ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa1 8a man us$ nev] to speak to 8 "m-9-law till aft] ! bir? ( 8 fir/ son4 ,nei!r a man nor 8 wife w eat 9 company ( _! "m or fa!r-9-law until aft] bir? ( a *ild4 ,if a man sees 8 "m-9-law eat1 he has insult$ h] & is expect$ to pay damages4 ,if a man meets 8 "m-9-law com+ along ! road & does n recognise h]1 %e w fall d[n on ! gr\nd z a sign1 :5 he w run away4 ,9 ! same way a fa!r-9-law w signal to 8 daught]-9-law2 ! :ole idea be+ t !y are unwor?y to be notic$ till !y h prov$ t !y c beget *ildr540#gi4b ,h[ev]1 if a wife %\ld prove b>r5 = ?ree ye>s1 ! rules ( avoidance betwe5 ! "y c\ple & _! p>5ts-9-law cease to be obs]v$4#gi4c ,h5ce ! cu/om ( avoidance among ^! p is associat$ 9 "s way ) ! wife's f]tility4 ,s among ! ,awemba1 a ,bantu tribe ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia1 8if a "y man sees 8 "m-9-law com+ along ! pa?1 he mu/ retreat into ! bu% & make way = h]1 or if %e sudd5ly comes ^u him he mu/ keep 8 eyes fix$ on ! gr\nd1 & only aft] a *ild is born may !y conv]se toge!r40#gi4d ,among ! ,angoni1 ano!r ,bantu tribe ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa1 x w\ld be a gross brea* ( etiquette if a man 7 to ent] 8 son-9-law's h\se2 he may come )9 t5 paces ( ! door1 b no ne>]4 ,a woman may n ev5 approa* h] son-9-law's h\se1 & %e is nev] all[$ to speak to him4 ,%\ld !y meet accid5tally on a pa?1 ! son-9-law gives way & makes a circuit to avoid enc\nt]+ 8 "m-9-law face to face4#gi4e ,"h !n we #hj see t a man avoids 8 son-9-law z well z 8 "m-9-law1 ?\gh n s /rictly4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ "m-9-law & wife ( wife's bro!r among ! ,?onga ( ,delagoa ,bay4 ,among ! ,?onga1 a ,bantu tribe ab\t ,delagoa ,bay1 :5 a man meets 8 "m-9-law or h] si/] on ! road1 he /eps out ( ! road into ! =e/ on ! "r h& side & sits d[n4 ,%e does ! same4 ,!n !y salute ea* o!r 9 ! usual way by clapp+ _! h&s4 ,aft] t !y may talk to ea* o!r4 ,:5 a man is 9 a hut1 8 "m-9-law d>e n ent] x1 b mu/ sit d[n outside )\t see+ him4 ,s seat$ %e may salute him1 8,good morn+1 son ( ,s-&-s40 ,b %e w\ld n d>e to pron\nce 8 "n4 ,h[ev]1 :5 a man has be5 m>ri$ _m ye>s1 8 "m-9-law has less fe> ( him1 & w ev5 ent] ! hut :]e he is & speak to him4 ,b among ! ,?onga ! woman :om a man is b\nd by cu/om to avoid mo/ rigidly is n 8 wife's "m1 b ! wife ( 8 wife's bro!r4 ,if ! two meet on a pa?1 !y c>efully avoid ea* o!r2 he w /ep out ( ! way & %e w hurry on1 :ile h] companions1 if %e has any1 w /op & *at ) him4 ,%e w n ent] ! same boat ) him1 if %e c help x1 to cross a riv]4 ,%e w n eat out ( ! same di%4 ,if he speaks to h]1 x is ) con/ra9t & emb>rassm5t4 ,he w n ent] h] hut1 b w cr\* at ! door & address h] 9 a voice trembl+ ) emotion4 ,%\ld !re be no "o else to br+ him food1 %e w d x reluctantly1 wat*+ 8 hut & putt+ ! food inside ! door :5 he is abs5t4 ,x is n t !y dislike ea* o!r1 b t !y feel a mutual1 a my/]i\s fe>4#hj4a ,h[ev]1 among ! ,?onga1 ! rules ( avoidance betwe5 connexions by m>riage decrease 9 sev]ity z "t passes4 ,! /ra9$ relations betwe5 a man & 8 wife's "m 9 p>ticul> become easi]4 ,he beg9s to call h] 8,"m0 & %e calls him 8,son40 ,?is *ange ev5 goes s f> t 9 "s cases ! man may g & dwell 9 ! village ( 8 wife's p>5ts1 especially if he has *ildr5 & ! *ildr5 are gr[n up4#hj4b ,aga91 among ! ,ovambo1 a ,bantu #ha p ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 a man may n look at 8 future "m-9-law :ile he talks ) h]1 b is b\nd to keep 8 eyes /eadily fix$ on ! gr\nd4 ,9 "s cases ! avoidance is ev5 m /r+5t2 if ! two meet unexpect$ly1 !y sep>ate at once4 ,b aft] ! m>riage has be5 celebrat$1 ! social int]c\rse betwe5 "m-9-law & son-9-law becomes easi] on bo? sides4#ha4a ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ ! "m-9-law among o!r ?an ! ,bantu tribes ( ,africa4 ,?us f> our examples ( c]emonial avoidance betwe5 "m-9-law & son-9-law h be5 drawn f ,bantu tribes4 ,b 9 ,africa ! cu/om1 ?\gh app>5tly mo/ preval5t & mo/ /rongly m>k$ among peoples ( ! great ,bantu /ock1 is n conf9$ to !m4 ,among ! ,masai ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 8mo!rs-9-law & _! sons-9-law mu/ avoid "o ano!r z mu* z possible2 & if a son-9-law ent]s 8 "m-9-law's hut %e mu/ retire into ! inn] comp>tm5t & sit on ! b$1 :il/ he rema9s 9 ! out] comp>tm5t2 !y may !n talk4 ,own bro!rs-9-law & si/]s-9-law mu/ also avoid "o ano!r1 ?\gh ?is rule does n apply to half-bro!rs-9-law & si/]s-9-law40#ha4b ,s1 too1 among ! ,bogos1 a tribe on ! outskirts ( ,abyss9ia1 a man nev] sees ! face ( 8 "m-9-law & nev] pron\nces h] "n2 ! two take c>e n to meet4#ha4c ,among ! ,donaglas a husb& aft] m>riage 8lives 9 8 wife's h\se = a ye>1 )\t be+ all[$ to see 8 "m-9-law1 ) :om he ent]s into relations only on ! bir? ( 8 fir/ son40#ha4d ,9 ,d>fur1 :5 a y\? has be5 betro!d to a girl1 h[ev] intimate he may h be5 ) h] p>5ts be=e1 he ceases to see !m until ! c]emony has tak5 place1 & ev5 avoids !m 9 ! /reet4 ,!y1 on _! "p1 hide _! faces1 if !y happ5 to meet him unexpect$ly4#ha4e #hb ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ relations by m>riage 9 ,sumatra & ,new ,gu9ea4 ,to pass n[ f ,africa to o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 among ! ,looboos1 a primitive tribe 9 ! tropical =e/s ( ,sumatra1 cu/om =bids a woman to be 9 h] fa!r-9-law's company & a man to be 9 8 "m-9-law's society4 ,= example1 if a man meets 8 daught]-9-law1 he %\ld cross ov] to ! o!r side ( ! road to let h] pass z f> z possible f him2 b if ! way is too n>r[1 he takes c>e 9 "t to get out ( x4 ,b no su* res]ve is prescrib$ betwe5 a fa!r-9-law & 8 son-9-law1 or betwe5 a "m-9-law & h] daught]-9-law4#hb4a ,among ! ,bukaua1 a ,melanesian tribe ( ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea1 ! rules ( avoidance betwe5 p]sons connect$ by m>riage are v /r+5t2 !y may n t\* ea* o!r or m5tion ea* o!r's names4 ,b contr>y to ! usual practice ! avoidance seems to be q z /rict betwe5 p]sons ( ! same sex z betwe5 males & females4 ,at lea/ ! writ] :o reports ! cu/om illu/rates x *iefly by ! etiquette :i* is obs]v$ betwe5 a man & 8 daught]'s husb&4 ,:5 a man eats 9 pres5ce ( 8 son-9-law1 he veils 8 face2 b if nev]!less 8 son-9-law %\ld see 8 op5 m\?1 ! fa!r-9-law is s a%am$ t he runs away into ! wood4 ,if he gives 8 son-9-law any?+1 su* z betel or tobacco1 he w nev] put x 9 8 h&1 b p\rs x on a leaf1 & ! son-9-law fet*es x away4 ,if fa!r-9-law & son-9-law bo? take "p 9 a wild bo> hunt1 ! son-9-law w ab/a9 f seiz+ or b9d+ ! bo>1 le/ he %\ld *ance to t\* 8 fa!r-9-law4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh any accid5t _! h&s or backs %\ld come into contact1 ! fa!r-9-law is extremely horrifi$1 & a dog mu/ be at once kill$1 :i* he gives to 8 son-9-law = ! purpose ( wip+ out ! /a9 on 8 hon\r4 ,if ! two %\ld ev] fall out ab\t any?+1 ! son-9-law w leave ! village & 8 wife1 & w /ay away 9 "s o!r place till 8 fa!r-9-law1 = 8 daught]'s sake1 calls him back4 ,a man 9 l mann] w nev] t\* 8 si/]-9-law4#hb4b #hc ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ relations by m>riage among ! ,indian tribes ( ,am]ica4 ,among ! l[ savages ( ! ,cali=nian p59sula a man 0 n all[$ = "s "t to look into ! face ( 8 "m-9-law or ( 8 wife's o!r ne> relations2 :5 ^! wom5 7 pres5t he _h to /ep aside or hide himself4#hc4a ,among ! ,indians ( ! ,isla del ,malhado 9 ,florida a fa!r-9-law & "m-9-law might n ent] ! h\se ( _! son-9-law1 & he on 8 side might n appe> be=e 8 fa!r-9-law & 8 relations4 ,if !y met by accid5t !y _h to g ap>t to ! di/ance ( a b[%ot1 hold+ _! heads d[n & _! eyes turn$ to ! e>?4 ,b a woman 0 free to conv]se ) ! fa!r & "m ( h] husb&4#hc4b ,among ! ,indians ( ,yucatan1 if a betro!d man saw 8 future fa!r-9-law or "m-9-law at a di/ance1 he turn$ away z quickly z possible1 believ+ t a meet+ ) !m w\ld prev5t him f begett+ *ildr54#hc4c ,among ! ,arawaks ( ,briti% ,guiana a man may nev] see ! face ( 8 wife's "m4 ,if %e is 9 ! h\se ) him1 !y mu/ be sep>at$ by a scre5 or p>tition-wall2 if %e travels ) him 9 a canoe1 %e /eps 9 fir/1 9 ord] t %e may turn h] back to him4#hc4d ,among ! ,c>ibs 8! wom5 nev] quit _! fa!r's h\se1 & 9 t !y h an advantage ov] _! husb&s 9 z mu* z !y may talk to all sorts ( p1 :]eas ! husb& d>e n conv]se ) 8 wife's relations1 unless he is disp5s$ f ?is obs]vance ei!r by _! t5d] age or by _! intoxication4 ,!y %un meet+ !m & make great circuits = t purpose4 ,if !y are surpris$ 9 a place :]e !y _c help meet+1 ! p]son address$ turns 8 face ano!r way s z n to be oblig$ to see ! p]son1 ^: voice he is compell$ to he>40#hc4e #hd ,among ! ,araucanian ,indians ( ,*ili a man's "m-9-law refuses to speak to or ev5 to look at him dur+ ! m>riage fe/ivity1 & 8! po9t ( hon\r is1 9 "s in/ances1 c>ri$ s f>1 t = ye>s aft] ! m>riage ! "m nev] addresses h] son-9-law face to face2 ?\gh ) h] back turn$1 or ) ! int]position ( a f5ce or a p>tition1 %e w conv]se ) him freely40#hd4a ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( avoid+ relations by m>riage _c be sep>at$ f ! simil> cu/om ( avoid+ relations by blood2 bo? are probably precautions to prev5t improp] relations betwe5 ! sexes4 ,x w\ld be easy to multiply examples ( simil> cu/oms ( avoidance betwe5 p]sons closely connect$ by m>riage1 b ! =ego+ may s]ve z specim5s4 ,n[ 9 ord] to det]m9e ! mean+ ( su* cu/oms x is v important to obs]ve t simil> cu/oms ( avoidance are practis$ 9 "s tribes n m]ely betwe5 p]sons connect$ ) ea* o!r by m>riage1 b also betwe5 ! ne>e/ blood relations ( diff]5t sexes1 namely1 betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr5 & betwe5 bro!rs & si/]s2#hd4b & ! cu/oms are s alike t x seems difficult or impossible to sep>ate !m & to (f] "o explanation ( ! avoidance ( connexions by m>riage & ano!r diff]5t explanation ( ! avoidance ( blood relations4 ,yet ?is is :at is done by "s :o attempt to expla9 ! cu/oms ( avoidance2 or r !y conf9e _! att5tion :olly to connexions by m>riage1 or ev5 to mo!rs-9-law alone1 :ile !y completely ignore blood relations1 al?\gh 9 po9t ( fact x is ! avoidance ( blood relations :i* seems to furni% ! key to ! problem ( su* avoidances 9 g5]al4 ,! true explanation ( all su* cu/oms ( avoidance appe>s to be1 z ,i h already indicat$1 t !y are precautions design$ to remove ! temptation to sexual int]c\rse betwe5 p]sons ^: m>riage union is = any reason repugnant to ! moral s5se ( ! community4 ,?is explanation1 :ile x has be5 reject$ by !ori/s at home1 #he has be5 adopt$ by "s ( ! be/ obs]v]s ( savage life1 ^: op9ion is entitl$ to c>ry ! greate/ weight4#he4a ,sid5ote3 ,mutual avoidance ( "m & son1 ( fa!r & daught]1 & ( bro!r & si/] among ! ,battas4 ,t a fe> ( improp] intimacy ev5 betwe5 ! ne>e/ blood relations is n baseless among races ( a l[] culture seems prov$ by ! te/imony ( a ,dut* mission>y 9 reg>d to ! ,battas or ,bataks ( ,sumatra1 a p :o h atta9$ to a fairly high degree ( b>b>ic civilization4 ,! ,battas 8obs]ve c]ta9 rules ( avoidance 9 reg>d to ne> relations by blood or m>riage2 & we are in=m$ t su* avoidance spr+s n f ! /rictness b f ! loos5ess ( _! moral practice4 ,a ,batta1 x is said1 assumes t a solit>y meet+ ( a man ) a woman leads to an improp] intimacy betwe5 !m4 ,b at ! same "t he believes t ince/ or ! sexual int]c\rse ( ne> relations excites ! ang] ( ! gods & entails calamities ( all sorts4 ,h5ce ne> relations are oblig$ to avoid ea* o!r le/ !y %\ld succumb to temptation4 ,a ,batta1 = example1 w\ld ?9k x %ock+ 7 a bro!r to escort 8 si/] to an ev5+ p>ty4 ,ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( o!rs a ,batta bro!r & si/] feel emb>rass$4 ,if "o ( !m comes into ! h\se1 ! o!r w g away4 ,fur!r1 a man may nev] be alone 9 ! h\se ) 8 daught]1 nor a "m ) h] son4 ,a man may nev] speak to 8 "m-9-law nor a woman to h] fa!r-9-law4 ,! ,dut* mission>y :o reports ^! cu/oms adds t he is sorry to say t f :at he kn[s ( ! ,battas he believes ! ma9t5ance ( mo/ ( ^! rules to be v necess>y4 ,= ! same reason1 he tells u1 z soon z ,batta lads h rea*$ ! age ( pub]ty !y are no long] all[$ to sleep 9 ! family h\se b are s5t away to pass ! night 9 a sep>ate build+ 7djambon72 & simil>ly z soon z a man loses 8 wife by dea? he is exclud$ f ! h\se40#he4b #hf ,sid5ote3 ,mutual avoidance ( "m & son & ( bro!r & si/] among ! ,melanesians4 ,9 l mann] among ! ,melanesians ( ! ,banks' ,isl&s & ! ,new ,hebrides a man mu/ n only avoid 8 "m-9-law2 f ! "t :5 he rea*es or approa*es pub]ty & has begun to we> clo!s in/ead ( runn+ ab\t nak$1 he mu/ avoid 8 "m & si/]s1 & he may no long] live 9 ! same h\se ) !m2 he takes up 8 qu>t]s 9 ! clubh\se ( ! unm>ri$ males1 :]e he n[ regul>ly eats & sleeps4 ,he may g to 8 fa!r's h\se to ask = food1 b if 8 si/] is )9 he mu/ g away be=e he eats2 if %e is n !re1 he may sit d[n ne> ! door & eat4 ,if by *ance bro!r & si/] meet 9 ! pa?1 %e runs away or hides4 ,if a boy1 walk+ on ! s&s1 p]ceives footpr9ts :i* he kn[s to be ^? ( 8 si/]1 he w n foll[ !m1 nor w %e foll[ 84 ,?is mutual avoidance la/s ?r\gh life4 ,n only mu/ he avoid ! p]sons ( 8 si/]s1 b he may n pron\nce _! names or ev5 use a common ^w :i* happ5s to =m "p ( any "o ( _! names4 ,9 l mann] 8 si/]s es*ew ! use ( 8 "n & ( all words :i* =m "p ( x4 ,/rict1 too1 is a boy's res]ve t[>ds 8 "m f ! "t :5 he beg9s to we> clo!s1 & ! res]ve increases z he gr[s to manhood4 ,x is great] on h] side ?an on 84 ,he may g to ! h\se & ask = food & 8 "m may br+ x out = him1 b %e w n give x to him2 %e puts x d[n = him to take4 ,if %e calls to him to come1 %e speaks to him 9 ! plural1 9 a m di/ant mann]2 8,come ye10 %e says1 n 8,come ?\40 ,if !y talk toge!r %e sits at a little di/ance & turns away1 = %e is %y ( h] gr[n-up son4 8,! mean+ ( all ?is10 z ,dr4 ,codr+ton obs]ves1 8is obvi\s40#hf4a ,sid5ote3 ,mutual avoidance ( a man & 8 "m-9-law among ! ,melanesians4 ,:5 a ,melanesian man ( ! ,banks' ,isl&s m>ries1 he is b\nd 9 l mann] to avoid 8 "m-9-law4 8,! rules ( avoidance are v /rict & m9ute4 ,z reg>ds ! avoidance ( ! p]son1 a man w n come ne> 8 wife's "m2 ! avoidance is mutual2 if ! two *ance to meet 9 a pa?1 ! woman w /ep out ( x & /& ) h] back turn$ till he has gone by1 or p]haps if x be m #hg conv5i5t he w move out ( ! way4 ,at ,vanua ,lava1 9 ,port ,patteson1 a man w\ld n foll[ 8 "m-9-law along ! bea*1 nor %e him1 until ! tide _h wa%$ out ! foot/eps ( ! fir/ travell] f ! s&4 ,at ! same "t a man & 8 "m-9-law w talk at a di/ance40#hg4a ,sid5ote3 ,x is significant t mutual avoidance betwe5 blood relations ( opposite sexes beg9s at or ne> pub]ty4 ,x seems obvi\s t ^! ,melanesian cu/oms ( avoidance are ! same1 & mu/ be expla9$ 9 ! same way :e!r ! woman :om a man %uns is 8 wife's "m or 8 own "m or 8 si/]4 ,n[ x is highly significant t j z among ! ,akamba ( ,ea/ ,africa ! mutual avoidance ( fa!r & daught] only beg9s :5 ! girl has rea*$ pub]ty1 s among ! ,melanesians ! mutual avoidance ( a boy on ! "o side & ( 8 "m & si/]s on ! o!r only beg9s :5 ! boy has rea*$ or approa*$ pub]ty4 ,?us 9 bo? peoples ! avoidance betwe5 ! ne>e/ blood relations only comm5ces at ! dang]\s age :5 sexual connexion on bo? sides beg9s to be possible4 ,x seems difficult1 !re=e1 to evade ! conclusion t ! mutual avoidance is adopt$ = no o!r reason ?an to dim9i% z f> z possible ! *ances ( sexual unions :i* public op9ion condemns z ince/u\s4 ,b if t is ! reason :y a "y ,melanesian boy1 on ! v]ge ( pub]ty1 avoids 8 own "m & si/]s1 x is natural & almo/ necess>y to inf] t x is ! same reason :i* leads him1 z a full-gr[n & m>ri$ man1 to es*ew ! company ( 8 wife's "m4 ,sid5ote3 ,mutual avoidance ( "m & son1 ( fa!r & daught]1 & ( bro!r & si/] 9 ! ,c>ol9e ,isl&s4 ,simil> cu/oms ( avoidance betwe5 mo!rs & sons1 betwe5 fa!rs & daught]s1 & betwe5 bro!rs & si/]s are obs]v$ by ! natives ( ! ,c>ol9e ,isl&s1 & ! writ] :o records !m assigns ! fe> ( ince/ z ! motive = _! obs]vance4 8,! prohibition ( m>riage10 he says1 8& ( sexual int]c\rse betwe5 k9sfolk ( ! same tribe is reg>d$ by ! ,c5tral ,c>ol9e natives z a div9e ord9ance2 its brea* is !re=e1 9 _! op9ion1 puni%$ by ! high] p[]s ) sickness or dea?4 ,! law influ5ces 9 a *>act]i/ic way ! :ole social life ( ! isl&]s1 = ef=ts #hh are made to keep memb]s ( families ( diff]5t sexes ap>t f ea* o!r ev5 9 _! y\?4 ,unm>ri$ m5 & boys1 f ! "t :5 !y beg9 to speak1 may !re=e n rema9 by night 9 ! huts1 b mu/ sleep 9 ! fel1 ! assembly-h\se4 ,9 ! ev5+ _! meal 7kot7 is br\ght ?i!r to !m by _! mo!rs or si/]s4 ,only :5 a son is sick may 8 "m receive him 9 ! hut & t5d him !re4 ,on ! o!r h& entrance to ! assembly-h\se 7fel7 is =bidd5 to wom5 & girls except on ! occasion ( ! pw>ik fe/ival2 :]eas female memb]s ( o!r tribes are free to visit x1 al?\gh1 s f> z ,i c\ld obs]ve1 !y seldom make use ( ! p]mission4 ,unm>ri$ girls sleep 9 ! huts ) _! p>5ts4 8,^! re/rictions1 :i* cu/om & tradition h in/itut$ )9 ! family1 f9d expression also 9 ! behavi\r ( ! memb]s ( families t[>d ea* o!r4 ,! foll[+ p]sons1 namely1 h to be treat$ ) respect--! daught]s by _! fa!r1 ! sons by _! "m1 ! bro!rs by _! si/]s4 ,9 pres5ce ( su* relations1 z 9 ! pres5ce ( a *ief1 y may n /&1 b mu/ sit d[n2 if y are oblig$ on n>r[ pa?s to pass by "o ( !m y mu/ fir/ obta9 p]mission & !n d x 9 a /oop+ or creep+ po/ure4 ,y all[ !m ev]y:]e to g 9 front2 y also avoid to dr9k out ( ! vessel :i* !y h j us$2 y d n t\* !m1 b keep always at a c]ta9 di/ance f !m2 ! head especially is deem$ sacr$40#hh4a ,sid5ote3 ,mutual avoidance ( male & female c\s9s 9 "s tribes4 ,9 all ^! cases ! cu/om ( mutual avoidance is obs]v$ by p]sons ( opposite sex :o1 ?\gh physically capable ( sexual union1 are =bidd5 by tradition & public op9ion to h any su* comm]ce ) ea* o!r4 ,?us f> ! blood relations :om a man is =bidd5 to m>ry & compell$ to avoid1 are 8 own "m1 8 own daught]1 & 8 own si/]s4 ,b to ?is li/ "s p add a man's female c\s9s or at lea/ c]ta9 ( !m2 = _m races draw a %>p l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 c\s9s accord+ #hi z !y are *ildr5 ( two bro!rs or ( two si/]s or ( a bro!r & a si/]1 & :ile !y p]mit or ev5 pref] m>riage ) c]ta9 c\s9s1 !y absolutely =bid m>riage ) c]ta9 o!rs4 ,n[1 x is highly significant t "s tribes :i* =bid a man to m>ry c]ta9 ( 8 c\s9s also compel him to adopt t[>ds !m ! same attitude ( social res]ve :i* 9 ! same or o!r tribes a man is oblig$ to obs]ve t[>ds 8 wife's "m1 8 own "m1 & 8 own si/]s1 all ( :om 9 l mann] he is =bidd5 to m>ry4 ,sid5ote3 ,mutual avoidance ( male & female c\s9s 9 ,new ,irel&4 ,?us among ! tribes 9 ! c5tral "p ( ,new ,irel& 7,new ,meckl5burg7 a male & a female c\s91 ! *ildr5 ( a bro!r & a si/] respectively1 are mo/ /rictly =bidd5 by cu/om to m>ry ea* o!r2 inde$ ?is prohibition is describ$ z ! mo/ /r+5t ( all2 ! usual say+ 9 reg>d to su* relations is1 8,! c\s9 is holy0 7i tbu ra kkup74 ,n[1 9 ^! tribes a man is n m]ely =bidd5 to m>ry 8 female c\s91 ! daught] ( 8 fa!r's si/] or ( 8 "m's bro!r2 he mu/ also avoid h] socially1 j z 9 o!r tribes a man mu/ avoid 8 wife's "m1 8 own "m1 8 own daught]1 & 8 own si/]s4 ,! c\s9s may n approa* ea* o!r1 !y may n %ake h&s or ev5 t\* ea* o!r1 !y may n give ea* o!r pres5ts1 !y may n m5tion ea* o!r's names2 b !y are all[$ to speak to ea* o!r at a di/ance ( "s paces4 ,^! rules ( avoidance1 ^! social b>ri]s erect$ betwe5 c\s9s1 ! *ildr5 ( a bro!r & a si/] respectively1 are int]pret$ mo/ naturally & simply z precautions int5d$ to obviate ! dang] ( a crim9al int]c\rse betwe5 p]sons ^: sexual union w\ld be reg>d$ by public op9ion ) deep displeasure4 ,inde$ ! ,ca?olic mission>y1 to :om we are indebt$ = ! in=mation1 assumes ?is int]pretation ( ! rules z if x 7 too obvi\s to call = s]i\s discussion4 ,he says t all ! cu/oms ( avoidance 8are obs]v$ z outw>d symbols ( ?is prohibition ( m>riage02 & he adds t 87 ! outw>d sign ( ! prohibition ( m>riage1 to :i* ! natives cleave ) g5u9e ob/9acy1 aboli%$ or ev5 weak5$1 !re w\ld be an imm$iate dang] ( ! natives contract+ su* #ij m>riages40#ij4a ,x seems difficult = a rational man to draw any o!r inf]5ce4 ,if any confirmation 7 ne$$1 x w\ld be furni%$ by ! fact t among ^! tribes ( ,new ,irel& bro!rs & si/]s are oblig$ to obs]ve precisely ! same rules ( mutual avoidance1 & t ince/ betwe5 bro!r & si/] is a crime :i* is puni%$ ) hang+2 !y may n come ne> ea* o!r1 !y may n %ake h&s1 !y may n t\* ea* o!r1 !y may n give ea* o!r pres5ts2 b !y are all[$ to speak to ea* o!r at a di/ance ( "s paces4 ,& ! p5alty = ince/ ) a daught] is also dea? by hang+4#ij4b ,sid5ote3 ,mutual avoidance ( c]ta9 male & female c\s9s among ! ,bag&a2 m>riage or sexual int]c\rse =bidd5 betwe5 ^! c\s9s "u pa9 ( dea?4 ,among/ ! ,bag&a ( ,c5tral ,africa 9 l mann] a man 0 =bidd5 "u pa9 ( dea? to m>ry or h sexual int]c\rse ) 8 c\s91 ! daught] ei!r ( 8 fa!r's si/] or ( 8 "m's bro!r2 & su* c\s9s might n approa* ea* o!r1 nor h& ea* o!r any?+1 nor ent] ! same h\se1 nor eat out ( ! same di%4 ,7 c\s9s to break ^! rules ( social avoidance1 9 o!r words1 if !y 7 to approa* ea* o!r or h& ea* o!r any?+1 x 0 believ$ t !y w\ld fall ill1 t _! h&s w\ld tremble1 & t !y w\ld be unfit = any "w4#ij4c ,"h1 aga91 ! prohibition ( social int]c\rse 0 9 all probability m]ely a precaution aga9/ sexual int]c\rse1 = :i* ! p5alty 0 dea?4 ,& ! same may be said ( ! simil> cu/om ( avoidance :i* among ^! same ,bag&a a man _h to obs]ve t[>ds 8 wife's "m4 8,no man might see 8 "m-9-law1 or speak face to face ) h]2 %e cov]$ h] face1 if %e pass$ h] son-9-law1 & he gave h] ! pa? & made a det\r1 if he saw h] com+4 ,if %e 0 9 ! h\se1 he might n ent]1 b he 0 all[$ to speak to h] f a di/ance4 ,?is 0 said to be because he _h se5 h] daught]'s nak$ness4 ,if a son-9-law accid5tally #ia saw 8 "m-9-law's brea/s1 he s5t h] a b>kclo? 9 comp5sation1 to cov] h]self1 le/ "s illness1 su* z tremor1 %\ld come ^u him4 ,! puni%m5t = ince/ 0 dea?2 no memb] ( a clan w\ld %ield a p]son guilty !re(2 ! (f5d] 0 dis[n$ by ! clan1 tri$ by ! *ief ( ! di/rict1 & put to dea?40#ia4a ,sid5ote3 ,m>riage betwe5 c]ta9 c\s9s =bidd5 among "s ,s\? ,african tribes b all[$ among o!rs4 ,! prohibition ( m>riage ) c]ta9 c\s9s appe>s to be widespread among ,african peoples ( ! ,bantu /ock4 ,?us 9 reg>d to ! ,bantus ( ,s\? ,africa we read t 8e man ( a coa/ tribe reg>d$ himself z ! protector ( ^? females :om we w\ld call 8 c\s9s1 second c\s9s1 ?ird c\s9s1 & s =?1 on ! fa!r's side1 :ile "s _h a simil> feel+ t[>ds ! same relatives on ! "m's side z well1 & classifi$ !m all z si/]s4 ,immorality ) "o ( !m w\ld h be5 consid]$ ince/u\s1 some?+ horrible1 some?+ unutt]ably disgraceful4 ,( old x 0 puni%$ by ! dea? ( ! male1 & ev5 n[ a heavy f9e is inflict$ ^u him1 :ile ! guilt ( ! female mu/ be aton$ by a sacrifice p]=m$ ) due c]emony by ! tribal prie/1 or x is believ$ a curse w re/ ^u h] & h] issue4''' ,9 contra/ to ?is prohibition ! native ( ! int]ior almo/ z a rule m>ri$ ! daught] ( 8 fa!r's bro!r1 9 ord]1 z he said1 to keep prop]ty f be+ lo/ to 8 family4 ,?is cu/om m ?an any?+ else creat$ a disgu/ & contempt = !m by ! p ( ! coa/1 :o t]m su* int]m>riages ! union ( dogs1 & attribute to !m ! insanity & idiocy :i* 9 rec5t times has become preval5t among ! inl& tribes40#ia4b #ib ,sid5ote3 ,m>riage betwe5 c\s9s all[$ 9 "s ,african tribes on condition t an expiatory sacrifice is (f]$4 ,among ! ,?onga1 a ,bantu tribe ab\t ,delagoa ,bay1 m>riages betwe5 c\s9s are z a rule prohibit$1 & x is believ$ t su* unions are unfruitful4 ,h[ev]1 cu/om p]mits c\s9s to m>ry ea* o!r on condition t !y p]=m an expiatory c]emony :i* is suppos$ to av]t ! curse ( b>r5ness f ! wife4 ,a goat is sacrific$1 & ! c\ple are ano9t$ ) ! gre5 liquid extract$ f ! half-dige/$ grass 9 ! animal's /oma*4 ,!n a hole is cut 9 ! goat's sk9 & ?r\gh ?is hole ! heads ( ! c\s9s are ins]t$4 ,! goat's liv] is !n h&$ to !m1 q raw1 ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! sk91 & !y mu/ te> x out ) _! tee? )\t us+ a knife4 ,hav+ torn x out1 !y eat x4 ,! ^w = liv] 7%ib9dji7 also means 8pati5ce10 8det]m9ation40 ,s !y say to ! c\ple1 8,y h act$ ) /rong det]m9ation4 ,eat ! liv] n[6 ,eat x 9 ! full light ( ! day1 n 9 ! d>k6 ,x w be an (f]+ to ! gods40 ,!n ! family prie/ prays1 say+3 8,y1 our gods1 ,s-&-s1 look6 ,we h done x 9 ! daylight4 ,x has n be5 done by /eal?4 ,bless !m1 give !m *ildr560 ,:5 he has done pray+1 ! assi/ants take all ! half-dige/$ grass f ! goat's /oma* & place x on ! wife's head1 say+1 8,g & be> *ildr560#ib4a ,among ! ,wagogo ( ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa m>riage is =bidd5 betwe5 c\s9s :o are ! *ildr5 ( two bro!rs or ( two si/]s1 b is p]mitt$ betwe5 c\s9s :o are ! *ildr5 ( a bro!r & si/] respectively4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is case x is usual = ! wife's fa!r to kill a %eep & put on a lea!r armlet1 made presumably f ! %eep's sk92 o!rwise x is suppos$ t ! m>riage w\ld be unfruitful4#ib4b ,?us ! ,wagogo1 l ! ,?onga1 imag9e t ! m>riage ( c\s9s is doom$ to inf]tility unless an expiatory sacrifice is (f]$ & a peculi> use made ( ! victim's sk94 ,aga91 ! ,akikuyu ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa =bid ! m>riage ( c\s9s & second c\s9s1 ! *ildr5 & gr&*ildr5 ( bro!rs & si/]s4 ,if su* p]sons #ic m>ri$1 !y w\ld commit a grave s91 & all _! *ildr5 w\ld surely die2 = ! curse or c]emonial pollution 7?ahu7 incurr$ by su* a crime _c be purg$ away4 ,nev]!less x sometimes happ5s t a man unwitt+ly m>ries a fir/ or second c\s92 = in/ance1 if a "p ( ! family moves away to ano!r di/rict1 x may come ab\t t a man makes ! acqua9tance ( a girl & m>ries h] be=e he discov]s ! relation%ip4 ,9 su* a case1 :]e ! s9 has be5 committ$ unkn[+ly1 ! curse c be av]t$ by ! p]=mance ( an expiatory rite4 ,! eld]s take a %eep & place x on ! woman's %\ld]s2 !re x is kill$ & ! inte/9es tak5 out4 ,!n ! eld]s solemnly sev] ! inte/9es ) a %>p spl9t] ( wood tak5 f a bu% ( a c]ta9 sort 7mukeo71 8& !y ann\nce t !y are cutt+ ! clan kut9y>urira1 by :i* !y mean t !y are sev]+ ! bond ( relation%ip :i* exi/s betwe5 ! pair4 ,a m$ic9e man !n comes & purifies ! c\ple40#ic4a ,9 all ^! cases we may assume ) a fair degree ( probability t ! old prohibition ( m>riage betwe5 c\s9s is break+ d[n1 & t ! expiatory sacrifice (f]$ :5 su* a m>riage does take place is m]ely a salve to ! uneasy consci5ce ( ^? :o commit or connive at a brea* ( ! anci5t taboo4 ,sid5ote3 ,! mutual avoidance ( male & female c\s9s is probably a precaution aga9/ a crim9al intimacy betwe5 !m4 ,?us ! prohibition ( m>riage betwe5 c\s9s1 & ! rules ( c]emonial avoidance obs]v$ 9 "s tribes betwe5 p]sons :o /& 9 t relation%ip to ea* o!r1 appe> bo? to spr+ f a belief1 "r or wrong1 9 ! injuri\s effects ( su* unions & f a desire to avoid !m4 ,! mutual avoidance ( ! c\s9s is m]ely a precaution to prev5t a clos] & m crim9al intimacy betwe5 !m4 ,if t is s1 x furni%es a confirmation ( ! view t all ! cu/oms ( c]emonial avoidance betwe5 blood relations or connexions by m>riage ( opposite sexes are bas$ simply on a fe> ( ince/4 ,sid5ote3 ,! mutual avoidance betwe5 a man & 8 wife's relations seems to be p>tly gr\nd$ on a fe> ( r5d]+ ! wife inf]tile4 ,! !ory is p]haps confirm$ by ! obs]vation t 9 "s tribes ! avoidance betwe5 a man & 8 #id wife's "m la/s only until he has _h a *ild by 8 wife2#id4a :ile 9 o!rs1 ?\gh avoidance cont9ues long]1 x gradually we>s away ) "t z ! man & woman advance 9 ye>s1#id4b & 9 o!rs1 aga91 x is obs]v$ only betwe5 a man & 8 future "m-9-law1 & comes to an end ) 8 m>riage4#id4c ,^! cu/oms sugge/ t 9 ! m9ds ( ! p :o practise !m !re is a close connexion betwe5 ! avoidance ( ! wife's relations & ! dread ( an inf]tile m>riage4 ,! ,indians ( ,yucatan1 z we saw1 believe t if a betro!d man 7 to meet 8 future "m-9-law or fa!r-9-law1 he w\ld !reby lose ! p[] ( begett+ *ildr54 ,su* a fe> seems to be only an ext5sion by false analogy ( t belief 9 ! disa/r\s consequ5ces ( illicit sexual relations :i* we dealt ) 9 an e>li] "p ( ?is *apt]1#id4d & ( :i* we %all h m to say pres5tly4#id4e ,f ?9k+1 rightly or wrongly1 t sexual int]c\rse betwe5 c]ta9 p]sons is fraught ) s]i\s dang]s1 ! savage jump$ to ! conclusion t social int]c\rse betwe5 !m may be also p]il\s by virtue ( a sort ( physical infection act+ ?r\gh simple contact or ev5 at a di/ance2 or if1 9 _m cases1 he did n g s f> z to suppose t = a man m]ely to see or t\* 8 "m-9-law suffic$ to bla/ ! f]tility ( 8 wife's womb1 yet he may h ?\ght1 ) mu* bett] reason1 t intimate social conv]se betwe5 him & h] might easily lead to some?+ worse1 & t to gu>d aga9/ su* a possibility x 0 be/ to raise a /rong b>ri] ( etiquette betwe5 !m4 ,x is n1 ( c\rse1 to be suppos$ t ^! rules ( avoidance 7 ! result ( delib]ate legislation2 r !y 7 ! spontane\s & gradual gr[? ( feel+s & ?\ghts ( :i* ! savages !mselves p]haps _h no cle> consci\sness4 ,9 :at prec$es ,i h m]ely attempt$ to sum up 9 language intelligible to civiliz$ man ! outcome ( a long c\rse ( moral & social evolution4 ,^! consid]ations p]haps obviate to "s ext5t ! only s]i\s difficulty :i* lies 9 ! way ( ! !ory #ie "h advocat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! mutual avoidance betwe5 p]sons ( ! same sex 0 probably an ext5sion by false analogy ( ! mutual avoidance betwe5 p]sons ( diff]5t sexes4 ,if ! cu/om ( avoidance 0 adopt$ 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ ! dang] ( ince/1 h[ comes x t ! cu/om is (t5 obs]v$ t[>ds p]sons ( ! same sex1 = example1 by a man t[>ds 8 fa!r-9-law z well z t[>ds 8 "m-9-law8 ,! difficulty is und\bt$ly s]i\s3 ! only way ( meet+ x t ,i c sugge/ is ! "o ,i h already indicat$4 ,we may suppose t ! deeply root$ beliefs ( ! savage 9 ! fatal effects ( m>riage betwe5 c]ta9 classes ( p]sons1 :e!r relations by blood or connexions by m>riage1 gradually spread 9 8 m9d s z to embrace ! relations betwe5 m5 & m5 z well z betwe5 m5 & wom52 till he _h work$ himself into ! conviction t to see or t\* 8 fa!r-9-law1 = example1 0 ne>ly or q z dang]\s z to t\* or h improp] relations ) 8 "m-9-law4 ,x is no d\bt easy = u to detect ! flaw 9 ?is process ( reason+2 b we %\ld bew>e ( ca/+ /ones at ! illogical savage1 = x is possible or ev5 probable t _m ( our own *]i%$ convictions are no bett] f\nd$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( mutual avoidance betwe5 ne> relations has probably _h ! effect ( *eck+ ! practice ( inbre$+4 ,view$ f ?is /&po9t ! cu/oms ( c]emonial avoidance among savages assume a s]i\s aspect v diff]5t f ! appe>ance ( arbitr>9ess & absurdity :i* !y are apt to pres5t to ! civiliz$ obs]v] :o does n look bel[ ! surface ( savage society4 ,s f> z ^! cu/oms h help$1 z !y probably h done1 to suppress ! t5d5cy to inbre$+1 t is1 to ! m>riage ( ne> relations1 we mu/ conclude t _! effect has be5 salut>y1 if1 z _m em95t biologi/s hold1 long-cont9u$ inbre$+ is injuri\s to ! /ock1 :e!r animal or vegetable1 by r5d]+ x 9 ! end inf]tile4#ie4a ,h[ev]1 m5 ( sci5ce are z yet by no means agre$ z to ! results ( consangu9e\s m>riages1 & a liv+ au?ority on ! subject has rec5tly clos$ a review ( ! evid5ce z foll[s3 8,:5 we take into acc\nt su* evid5ce z !re is f animals & plants1 & su* /udies z ^? ( ,hu?1#ie4b & #if ! in/ances & c\nt]-in/ances ( communities ) a high degree ( consangu9ity1 we are l$ to ! conclusion t ! prejudices & laws ( _m peoples aga9/ ! m>riage ( ne> k9 re/ on a basis n s mu* biological z social40#if4a ,:atev] may be ! ultimate v]dict ( sci5ce on ?is disput$ "q1 x w n affect ! result ( ! pres5t enquiry1 :i* m]ely affirms ! deep & f>-rea*+ influ5ce :i* 9 ! long c\rse ( human hi/ory sup]/ition has ex]cis$ on morality4 ,:e!r ! influ5ce has on ! :ole be5 = good or evil does n conc]n u4 ,x suffices = our purpose to %ew t sup]/ition has be5 a crut* to morality1 :e!r to support x 9 ! fair way ( virtue or to precipitate x into ! miry pit ( vice4 ,to return to ! po9t f :i* we w&]$ into ?is digression1 we mu/ leave 9 susp5se ! "q :e!r ! ,au/ralian savages 7 wise or fooli% :o =bade a man "u pa9 ( dea? to speak to 8 "m-9-law4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r examples ( ! sev]e puni%m5t ( sexual crime4 ,i w conclude ?is "p ( my subject ) a few m in/ances ( ! extreme sev]ity ) :i* c]ta9 races h visit$ :at !y deem$ improp] connexions betwe5 ! sexes4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,indians ( ,brazil4 ,among ! ,indians :o inhabit$ ! coa/ ( ,brazil ne> ,rio de ,janeiro ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a m>ri$ woman :o gave bir? to an illegitimate *ild 0 ei!r kill$ or ab&on$ to ! caprice ( ! "y m5 :o c\ld n af=d to keep a wife4 ,h] *ild 0 buri$ alive2 = !y said t 7 he to gr[ up he w\ld only s]ve to p]petuate 8 "m's disgrace2 he w\ld n be all[$ to g to w> ) ! re/ = fe> ( ! mis=tunes & disa/]s he might draw d[n ^u !m1 & no "o w\ld eat any food1 :e!r v5ison1 fi%1 or :at n1 :i* ! mis]able outca/ _h t\*$4#if4b ,sid5ote3 ,! natives ( ,ru&a4 ,9 ,ru&a1 a di/rict ( ,c5tral ,africa1 d[n to rec5t ye>s any unm>ri$ woman :o 0 got ) *ild us$ to be put to dea? ) h] baby1 :e!r born or unborn4 ,a spot at ! m\? ( ! ,akany>u riv] 0 ! place ( execution1 #ig :]e ! guilty wom5 & _! innoc5t (fspr+ 7 hurl$ into ! wat]4 ,z usual1 ?is ,puritanical /rictness ( morality has be5 relax$ "u ,european influ5ce2 illegitimate *ildr5 are /ill kill$1 b _! mo!rs escape ) ! f9e ( a c[4#ig4a ,sid5ote3 ,! ,saxons4 ,among ! ,saxons d[n to ! days ( ,/4 ,boniface ! adult]ess or ! maid5 :o _h di%on\r$ h] fa!r's h\se 0 compell$ to hang h]self1 0 burn$1 & h] p>am\r hung ov] ! blaz+ pile2 or %e 0 sc\rg$ or cut to pieces ) knives by all ! wom5 ( ! village till %e 0 dead4#ig4b ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s\!rn ,slavs4 ,among ! ,slav peoples ( ! ,balkan p59sula wom5 convict$ ( immoral conduct us$ to be /on$ to dea?4 ,ab\t ! ye> #aggj a "y betro!d c\ple 7 ?us execut$ ne> ,catt>o 9 ,dalmatia1 because ! girl 0 f\nd to be ) *ild4 ,! y\? (f]$ to m>ry h]1 & ! prie/ begg$ t ! s5t5ce ( dea? might be commut$ to p]petual bani%m5t2 b ! p decl>$ t !y w\ld n h a ba/>d born among !m2 & ! two fa!rs ( ! luckless c\ple ?rew ! fir/ /ones at !m4 ,:5 ,miss ,m4 ,edi? ,durham relat$ ?is case to "s ,mont5egr9 peasantry1 !y all said t 9 ! old days /on+ 0 ! prop] puni%m5t = un*a/e wom52 ! male p>am\rs 7 %ot by ! relations ( ! girls :om !y _h s$uc$4 ,:5 8t mod]n ,messal9a10 ,que5 ,draga ( ,s]via1 0 murd]$1 a dec5t peasant woman rem>k$ t 8%e ought to be "u ! curs$ /one heap0 7pod prokletu gomilu74 ,! c\ntry-folk ( ,mont5egro1 :o he>d ! news ( ! murd] f ,miss ,durham1 8look$ on x z a cleans+--a ca/+ out ( abom9ations--& g5u9ely believ$ t ,europe w\ld comm5d ! de$1 & t ! removal ( ?is s9ful woman w\ld br+ prosp]ity to ! l&40#ig4c ,ev5 d[n to ! second half ( ! #ih n9ete5? c5tury 9 cases ( s$uction among ! ,s\!rn ,slavs ! p propos$ to /one bo? ! culprits to dea?4#ih4a ,?is happ5$1 = example1 9 ,h]zegov9a 9 ! ye> #ahei1 :5 a "y man nam$ ,milut9 s$uc$ or 7to be m exact7 0 s$uc$ by ?ree unm>ri$ girls & got !m all ) *ild4 ,! p sat 9 judgm5t ^u ! s9n]s1 &1 ?\gh an eld] propos$ to /one !m all1 ! c\rt pass$ a mild] s5t5ce4 ,! "y man 0 to m>ry "o ( ! girls1 to re> ! infants ( ! o!r two z 8 legitimate *ildr51 & next "t !re 0 a fight ) ! ,turks he 0 to prove 8 manhood by ru%+ un>m$ ^u ! enemy & wre/+ _! weapons f !m1 alive or dead4 ,! s5t5ce 0 fulfill$ to ! lett]1 ?\gh _m ye>s pass$ be=e ! culprit c\ld c>ry out ! la/ "p ( x4 ,h[ev]1 8 "t came 9 #ahge1 :5 ,h]zegov9a revolt$ aga9/ ! ,turks4 ,!n ,milut9 ran un>m$ ^u a regim5t ( ! enemy & f\nd among ! ,turki% bayonets a h]o's dea?4#ih4b ,ev5 n[ ! ,old ,ca?olics among ! ,s\? ,slavs believe t a village 9 :i* a s$uc] is n compell$ to m>ry 8 victim w be puni%$ ) hail & excessive ra94 ,= ?is article ( fai?1 h[ev]1 !y are ridicul$ by _! enlight5$ ,ca?olic neighb\rs1 :o hold ! f> m probable view t ?und] & lightn+ are caus$ by ! village prie/ to rev5ge himself = unreasonable delays 9 ! paym5t ( 8 sal>y4 ,a heavy hail-/orm has be5 kn[n to prove almo/ fatal to ! local incumb5t1 :o 0 beat5 )9 an in* ( 8 life by 8 enrag$ p>i%ion]s4#ih4c ,sid5ote3 ,inf]5ce f ! sev]e puni%m5ts inflict$ = sexual (f5ces4 ,x is difficult to believe t 9 ^! & simil> cases ! community w\ld inflict su* sev]e puni%m5t = sexual (f5ces if x did n believe t its own safety1 & n m]ely ! int]e/ ( a few individuals1 0 imp]ill$ !reby4 #ii ,sid5ote3 ,:y %\ld illicit relations betwe5 ! sexes be ?\ght to di/urb ! balance ( nature8 ,if n[ we ask :y illicit relations betwe5 ! sexes %\ld be suppos$ to di/urb ! balance ( nature & p>ticul>ly to bla/ ! fruits ( ! e>?1 a p>tial answ] may be conjecturally sugge/$4 ,x is n en\gh to say t su* relations are displeas+ to ! gods1 :o puni% indiscrim9ately ! :ole community = ! s9s ( a few4 ,= we mu/ always be> 9 m9d t ! gods are creations ( man's fancy2 he fa%ions !m 9 human lik5ess1 & end[s !m ) ta/es & op9ions :i* are m]ely va/ cl\dy projections ( 8 own4 ,to affirm1 !re=e1 t some?+ is a s9 because ! gods w x s1 is only to pu% ! enquiry "o /age f>!r back & to raise ! fur!r "q1 ,:y are ! gods suppos$ to dislike & puni% ^! p>ticul> acts8 ,sid5ote3 ,! reason :y ! gods ( savages are suppos$ to puni% sexual crimes s sev]ely may p]haps be f\nd 9 a mi/ak5 belief t irregul>ities ( ! human sexes prev5t ! reproduction ( edible animals & plants & !reby /rike a fatal bl[ at ! food supply4 ,9 ! case ) :i* we are "h conc]n$1 ! reason :y s _m savage gods prohibit adult]y1 =nication1 & ince/ "u pa9 ( _! sev]e displeasure may p]haps be f\nd 9 ! analogy :i* _m savage m5 trace betwe5 ! reproduction ( ! human species & ! reproduction ( animals & plants4 ,! analogy is n purely fanciful1 on ! contr>y x is real & vital2 b primitive peoples h giv5 x a false ext5sion 9 a va9 attempt to apply x practically to increas+ ! food supply4 ,!y h imag9$1 9 fact1 t by p]=m+ or ab/a9+ f c]ta9 sexual acts !y !reby directly promot$ ! reproduction ( animals & ! multiplication ( plants4#ii4a ,all su* acts & ab/95ces1 x is obvi\s1 are purely sup]/iti\s & :olly fail to effect ! desir$ #ajj result4 ,!y are n religi\s b magical2 t is1 !y compass _! end1 n by an appeal to ! gods1 b by manipulat+ natural =ces 9 accordance ) c]ta9 false ideas ( physical causation4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! pr9ciple on :i* savages seek to propagate animals & plants is t ( magical sympa?y or imitation3 !y fancy t !y assi/ ! reproductive process 9 nature by mimick+ or p]=m+ x among !mselves4 ,n[ 9 ! evolution ( society su* ef=ts to control ! c\rse ( nature directly by means ( magical rites appe> to h prec$$ ! ef=ts to control x indirectly by appeal+ to ! vanity & cupidity1 ! good-nature & pity ( ! gods2 9 %ort1 magic seems to be old] ?an religion4#ajj4a ,9 mo/ races1 x is true1 ! epo* ( unadult]at$ magic1 ( magic unt+$ by religion1 belongs to su* a remote pa/ t its exi/5ce1 l t ( our ape-l ance/ors1 c be a matt] ( inf]5ce only2 almo/ ev]y:]e 9 hi/ory & ! _w we f9d magic & religion side by side1 at "o "t allies1 at ano!r enemies1 n[ play+ into ea* o!r's h&s1 n[ curs+1 objurgat+1 & va9ly attempt+ to ext]m9ate "o ano!r4 ,on ! :ole ! l[] intellig5ces cl+ closely1 ?\gh secretly1 to magic1 :ile ! high] intellig5ces h disc]n$ ! vanity ( its pret5sions & turn$ to religion in/ead4 ,! result has be5 t beliefs & rites :i* 7 purely magical 9 orig9 (t5 contract 9 c\rse ( "t a religi\s "*2 !y are modifi$ 9 accordance ) ! advance ( ?\ght1 !y are translat$ into t]ms ( gods & spirits1 :e!r good & b5efic5t1 or evil & malignant4 ,we may surmise1 ?\gh we _c prove1 t a *ange ( ?is sort has come ov] ! m9ds ( _m races ) reg>d to sexual morality4 ,at "s =m] "t1 p]haps1 /ra9+ a real analogy too f>1 !y believ$ t ^? relations ( ! human sexes :i* = any reason !y reg>d$ z "r & natural _h a t5d5cy to promote sympa!tically ! propagation ( animals & plants & !reby to ensure a supply ( food = ! community2 :ile on ! contr>y !y may h imag9$ t ^? relations ( ! human sexes :i* = any reason #aja !y deem$ wrong & unnatural _h a t5d5cy to ?w>t & imp$e ! propagation ( animals & plants & !reby to dim9i% ! common supply ( food4 ,sid5ote3 ,su* a belief w\ld acc\nt bo? = ! horror ) :i* _m savages reg>d su* crimes1 & = ! sev]ity ) :i* !y puni% !m4 ,su* a belief1 x is obvi\s1 w\ld furni% a suffici5t motive = ! /rict prohibition ( :at 7 deem$ improp] relations betwe5 m5 & wom52 & x w\ld expla9 ! deep horror & dete/ation ) :i* sexual irregul>ities are view$ by _m1 ?\gh c]ta9ly n by all1 savage tribes4 ,= if improp] relations betwe5 ! human sexes prev5t animals & plants f multiply+1 !y /rike a fatal bl[ at ! exi/5ce ( ! tribe by cutt+ (f its supply ( food at ! roots4 ,no wond]1 !re=e1 t :]ev] su* sup]/itions h prevail$ ! :ole community1 believ+ its v exi/5ce to be put 9 jeop>dy by sexual immorality1 %\ld turn savagely on ! culprits1 & beat1 burn1 dr[n or o!rwise ext]m9ate !m 9 ord] to rid itself ( s dang]\s a pollution4 ,& :5 ) ! advance ( k m5 began to p]ceive ! mi/ake !y _h made 9 imag9+ t ! comm]ce ( ! human sexes c\ld affect ! propagation ( animals & plants1 !y w\ld /ill ?r\gh long habit be s inur$ to ! idea ( ! wick$ness ( c]ta9 sexual relations t !y c\ld n dismiss x f _! m9ds1 ev5 :5 !y disc]n$ ! fallaci\s nature ( ! reason+ by :i* !y _h arriv$ at x4 ,! old practice w\ld !re=e /&1 ?\gh ! old !ory _h fall53 ! old rules ( sexual morality w\ld cont9ue to be obs]v$1 b if !y 7 to reta9 ! respect ( ! community1 x 0 necess>y to place !m on a new !oretical basis4 ,t basis1 9 accordance ) ! g5]al advance ( ?\ght1 0 suppli$ by religion4 ,sexual relations :i* _h once be5 condemn$ z wrong & unnatural because !y 7 suppos$ to ?w>t ! natural multiplication ( animals & plants & !reby to dim9i% ! food supply1 w\ld n[ be condemn$ because x 0 imag9$ t !y 7 displeas+ to gods or spirits1 ^? /alk+-horses :i* savage man rigs out 9 ! ca/-(f clo!s ( 8 /ill m savage ance/ors4 ,! moral practice w\ld !re=e rema9 ! same1 ?\gh its !oretical basis _h be5 %ift$ f magic to religion4 ,9 ?is or "s su* way z ?is #ajb we may conjecture t ! ,k>5s1 ,dyaks1 & o!r savages rea*$ ^? curi\s conceptions ( sexual immorality & its consequ5ces :i* we h be5 consid]+4 ,b f ! nature ( ! case ! developm5t ( moral !ory :i* ,i h sket*$ is purely hypo!tical & h>dly admits ( v]ification4 ,sid5ote3 ,b ! reason :y savages came to reg>d c]ta9 sexual relations z irregul> & immoral rema9s obscure4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 if we assume = a mom5t t ! savages 9 "q rea*$ _! pres5t view ( sexual immorality 9 ! way ,i h surmis$1 !re /ill rema9s ! "q1 ,h[ did !y orig9ally come to reg>d c]ta9 relations ( ! sexes z immoral8 ,= cle>ly ! notion t su* immorality int]f]es ) ! c\rse ( nature mu/ h be5 second>y & d]ivative3 p mu/ on indep5d5t gr\nds h conclud$ t c]ta9 relations betwe5 m5 & wom5 7 wrong & injuri\s be=e !y ext5d$ ! conclusion by false analogy to nature4 ,! "q br+s u face to face ) ! deepe/ & d>ke/ problem 9 ! hi/ory ( society1 ! problem ( ! orig9 ( ! laws :i* /ill regulate m>riage & ! relations ( ! sexes among civiliz$ nations2 = broadly speak+ ! fundam5tal laws :i* we recognize 9 ^! matt]s are recogniz$ also by savages1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t among _m savages ! sexual prohibitions are f> m num]\s1 ! horror excit$ by brea*es ( !m f> deep]1 & ! puni%m5t inflict$ on ! (f5d]s f> /]n] ?an ) u4 ,! problem has (t5 be5 attack$1 b nev] solv$4 ,p]haps x is de/9$1 l s _m riddles ( t ,sph9x :i* we call nature1 to rema9 = ev] insoluble4 ,at all ev5ts ?is is n ! place to broa* s intricate & pr(\nd a discussion4 ,i return to my imm$iate subject4 ,sid5ote3 ,sexual immorality is ?\ght by _m savages to injure ! del9qu5ts !mselves1 _! (fspr+1 & _! innoc5t sp\ses4 ,9 ! op9ion ( _m savages ! effect ( sexual immorality is n m]ely to di/urb1 directly or indirectly1 ! c\rse ( nature by blight+ ! crops1 caus+ ! e>? to quake1 volcanoes to vomit fire1 & s =?3 ! del9qu5ts !mselves1 _! (fspr+1 or _! innoc5t sp\ses are suppos$ to suff] 9 _! own p]sons = ! s9 t has be5 committ$4 ,?us among ! ,bag&a ( ,c5tral ,africa 8adult]y 0 also reg>d$ z a dang] to *ildr52 x 0 ?\ght t wom5 :o 7 guilty ( x #ajc dur+ pregnancy caus$ ! *ild to die1 ei!r prior to bir?1 or at ! "t ( bir?4 ,sometimes ! guilty woman w\ld h]self die 9 *ildb$2 or1 if %e 0 safely deliv]$1 %e w\ld h a t5d5cy to dev\r h] *ild1 & w\ld h to be gu>d$ le/ %e %\ld kill x40#ajc4a 8,:5 !re 0 a case ( ret>d$ deliv]y1 ! relatives attribut$ x to adult]y2 !y made ! woman confess ! "n ( ! man ) :om %e _h _h int]c\rse1 & if %e di$1 h] husb& 0 f9$ by ! memb]s ( h] clan1 = !y said3 #8,we did n give our daught] to y = ! purpose ( adult]y1 & y %\ld h gu>d$ h]4' ,9 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 ! m$ic9e-m5 7 able to save ! woman's life1 & ^u recov]y %e 0 upbraid$1 & ! man :om %e accus$ 0 heavily f9$40#ajc4b ,! ,bag&a ?\ght t ! infidelity ( ! fa!r z well z ( ! "m endang]$ ! life ( ! *ild4 ,= 8x 0 also suppos$ t a man :o _h sexual int]c\rse ) any woman n 8 wife1 dur+ ! "t t any "o ( 8 wives 0 nurs+ a *ild1 w\ld cause ! *ild to fall ill1 & t unless he confess$ 8 guilt & obta9$ f ! m$ic9e-man ! necess>y rem$ies to cancel ! evil results1 ! *ild w\ld die40#ajc4c ,! common *ildi% ailm5t :i* 0 ?\ght to be caus$ by ! adult]y ( ! fa!r or "m 0 call$ amakiro1 & its symptoms 7 well recogniz$3 !y consi/$ ( nausea & g5]al debility1 & ! only cure = !m 0 a frank confession by ! guilty p>5t & ! p]=mance ( a magical c]emony by ! m$ic9e-man4#ajc4d ,sid5ote3 ,disa/r\s effects ( adult]y on adult]ess & h] *ild4 ,simil> views z to ! disa/r\s effects ( adult]y on "m & *ild seem to be widespread among ,bantu tribes4 ,?us among ! ,awemba ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia1 :5 bo? "m & *ild die 9 *ildbir?1 great horror is express$ by all1 :o ass]t t ! woman mu/ assur$ly h committ$ adult]y ) _m m5 to suff] su* a fate4 ,!y exhort h] ev5 ) h] la/ brea? to "n ! #ajd adult]]2 & :oev] is m5tion$ by h] is call$ ! 8murd]]0 7musoka7 & has aft]w>ds to pay a heavy f9e to ! injur$ husb&4 ,simil>ly if ! *ild is born dead & ! "m survives1 ! ,awemba take x = grant$ t ! woman has be5 unfai?ful to h] husb&1 & !y ask h] to "n ! murd]] ( h] *ild1 t is1 ! man ^: guilty love has be5 ! dea? ( ! babe4#ajd4a ,9 l mann] ! ,?onga1 a ,bantu tribe ( ,s\? ,africa1 ab\t ,delagoa ,bay1 are ( op9ion t if a woman's travail pangs are unduly prolong$ or %e fails to br+ h] (fspr+ to ! bir?1 %e mu/ c]ta9ly h committ$ adult]y1 & !y insi/ ^u h] mak+ a clean brea/ z ! only means ( ensur+ h] deliv]y2 %\ld %e suppress ! "n ev5 ( "o ( sev]al lov]s ) :om %e may h gone a/ray1 ! *ild _c be born4 ,s conv9c$ are ! wom5 ( ! suff]+s :i* adult]y1 if unackn[l$g$1 entails on ! guilty "m 9 *ildb$1 t a woman :o kn[s h] *ild to be illegitimate w privately confess h] s9 to ! midwife be=e %e is actually br\ght to b$1 9 ! hope !reby ( alleviat+ & %ort5+ h] travail pangs4#ajd4b ,sid5ote3 ,sympa!tic relation betwe5 an adult]] & ! injur$ husb&4 ,fur!r1 ! ,?onga believe t adult]y e/abli%es a physical relation%ip ( mutual sympa?y betwe5 ! adult]] & ! injur$ husb& su* t ! life ( ! "o is 9 a mann] b\nd up ) ! life ( ! o!r2 inde$ ?is relation%ip is ?\ght to arise betwe5 any two m5 :o h _h sexual connexion ) ! same woman4 ,z a native put x to a mission>y1 8,!y h met toge!r 9 "o life ?r\gh ! blood ( t woman2 !y h drunk f ! same pool40 ,to express x o!rwise1 !y h =m$ a blood cov5ant ) ea* o!r ?r\gh ! woman z int]m$i>y4 8,?is e/abli%es betwe5 !m a mo/ curi\s mutual dep5d5ce3 %\ld "o ( !m be ill1 ! o!r mu/ n visit him2 ! pati5t might die4 ,if he runs a ?orn into 8 foot1 ! o!r mu/ n help him to extract x4 ,x is taboo4 ,! w\nd w\ld n heal4 ,if he dies1 8 rival mu/ n assi/ at 8 m\rn+ or he w\ld die #aje himself40 ,h5ce if a man has committ$ adult]y1 z sometimes happ5s1 ) "o ( 8 fa!r's y\ng] wives1 & ! fa!r dies1 8 undutiful son may n take ! "p :i* w\ld o!rwise fall to him 9 ! fun]al rites2 inde$ %\ld he attempt to att5d ! burial1 8 relations w\ld drive him away 9 pity1 le/ by ?is m>k ( respect & p]haps ( remorse he %\ld =feit 8 life4#aje4a ,sid5ote3 ,injuri\s effects ( adult]y on ! innoc5t husb&1 wife1 or *ild4 ,9 l mann] ! ,akikuyu ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa believe t if a son has adult]\s int]c\rse ) "o ( 8 fa!r's wives1 ! innoc5t fa!r1 n ! guilty "y scapegrace1 contracts a dang]\s pollution 7?ahu71 ! effect ( :i* is to make him ill & emaciat$ or to break out into sores or boils1 & ev5 9 all probability to die1 if ! dang] is n av]t$ by ! timely int]v5tion ( a m$ic9e-man4#aje4b ,! ,anyanja ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa believe t if a man commits adult]y :ile 8 wife is ) *ild1 %e w die2 h5ce on ! dea? ( 8 wife ! wid[] is (t5 r\ndly accus$ ( hav+ kill$ h] by 8 infidelity4#aje4c ,)\t go+ s f> z ?is1 ! ,masai ( ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa hold t if a fa!r 7 to t\* 8 infant on ! day aft] he _h be5 guilty ( adult]y1 ! *ild w\ld fall sick4#aje4d ,accord+ to ! ,akamba ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 if a woman aft] giv+ bir? to a *ild is false to h] husb& be=e h] fir/ m5/ruation1 ! *ild w surely die4#aje4e ,sid5ote3 ,injuri\s effects ( ince/ on ! (fspr+4 ,! ,akamba are also ( op9ion t if a woman is guilty ( ince/ ) h] bro!r %e w be unable to br+ to ! bir? ! se$ :i* %e has conceiv$ by him4 ,9 t case ! man mu/ purge 8 s9 by br++ a big goat to ! eld]s1 & ! woman is c]emonially sme>$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! #ajf animal's /oma*4#ajf4a ,among ! ,wa%amba ( ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa x happ5$ t a m>ri$ woman lo/ ?ree *ildr51 "o aft] ! o!r1 by dea?4 ,a div9] be+ call$ 9 to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ?is calamity1 attribut$ x to ince/ ( :i* %e _h be5 accid5tally guilty ) h] fa!r4#ajf4b ,sid5ote3 ,wife's infidelity at home ?\ght to endang] ! abs5t husb& 9 ! *ase or ! w>4 ,aga91 x appe>s to be a common notion ) savages t ! infidelity ( a wife prev5ts h] husb& f kill+ game1 & ev5 exposes him to imm95t risk ( be+ himself kill$ or w\nd$ by wild bea/s4 ,?is belief is ent]ta9$ by ! ,wagogo & o!r peoples ( ,ea/ ,africa1 by ! ,moxos ,indians ( ,bolivia1 & by ,aleutian hunt]s ( sea-ott]s4 ,9 su* cases any mi%ap t befalls ! husb& dur+ ! *ase is set d[n by him to ! score ( 8 wife's misconduct at home2 he returns 9 wra? & visits 8 ill-luck on ! (t5 innoc5t object ( 8 suspicions ev51 x may be1 to ! %$d+ ( h] blood4#ajf4c ,:ile ! ,hui*ol ,indians ( ,mexico are away seek+ = a species ( cactus :i* !y reg>d z sacr$1 _! wom5 at home are b\nd to be /rictly *a/e2 o!rwise !y believe t !y w\ld be visit$ ) illness & w\ld endang] ! success ( ! m5's exp$ition4#ajf4d ,an old writ] on ,madagasc> tells u t ?\gh ,malagasy wom5 are voluptu\s !y w n all[ !mselves to be drawn into an intrigue :ile _! husb&s are abs5t at ! w>s1 = !y believe t infidelity at su* a "t w\ld cause ! abs5t sp\se to be w\nd$ or sla94#ajf4e ,! ,bag&a ( ,c5tral ,africa held simil> views z to ! fatal effect :i* a wife's adult]y at home might h on h] abs5t husb& at ! w>s2 !y ?\ght t ! gods res5t$ h] misconduct & )drew _! fav\r & protection f h] w>rior sp\se1 ?us puni%+ ! innoc5t in/ead ( ! guilty4 ,inde$1 x 0 believ$ t #ajg if a woman 7 ev5 to t\* a man's clo?+ :ile h] husb& 0 away ) ! army1 x w\ld br+ mis=tune on h] husb&'s weapon1 & might ev5 co/ him 8 life4 ,! gods ( ! ,bag&a 7 mo/ p>ticul> ab\t wom5 /rictly obs]v+ ! taboos dur+ _! husb&s' abs5ce & hav+ no?+ to d ) o!r m5 all t "t4 ,on 8 return f ! w> a man te/$ 8 wife's fidelity by dr9k+ wat] f a g\rd :i* %e h&$ to him be=e he ent]$ 8 h\se4 ,if %e _h be5 unfai?ful to him dur+ 8 abs5ce1 ! wat] 0 suppos$ to make him ill2 h5ce %\ld x *ance t he fell sick aft] dr9k+ ! draught1 8 wife 0 at once clapp$ into ! /ocks & tri$ = adult]y2 & if %e confess$ h] guilt & nam$ h] p>am\r1 ! (f5d] 0 heavily f9$ or ev5 put to dea?4#ajg4a ,simil>ly among ! ,bangala or ! ,boloki ( ! ,upp] ,congo1 8:5 m5 w5t to fight di/ant t[ns _! wives 7 expect$ n to commit adult]y ) su* m5 z 7 left 9 ! t[n1 or _! husb&s w\ld receive spe> w\nds f ! enemy4 ,! si/]s ( ! fight]s w\ld take e precaution to gu>d aga9/ ! adult]y ( _! bro!rs' wives :ile !y 7 on ! exp$ition40#ajg4b ,s among ! ,haida ,indians ( ! ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 :ile ! m5 7 away at ! w>s1 _! wives 8all slept 9 "o h\se to keep wat* ov] ea* o!r2 =1 if a woman 7 unfai?ful to h] husb& :ile he 0 ) a w>-p>ty1 he w\ld probably be kill$40#ajg4c ,if only ,k+ ,david _h held ?is belief he might h cont5t$ himself ) a s+le in/ead ( a d\ble crime1 & ne$ n h s5t 8 ,ma*iavellian ord] to put ! injur$ husb& 9 ! =efront ( ! battle4#ajg4d ,sid5ote3 ,injuri\s effect ( wife's infidelity on h] husb&4 ,! ,zulus imag9e t an unfai?ful wife :o t\*es h] husb&'s furniture )\t fir/ eat+ c]ta9 h]bs causes him to be seiz$ ) a fit ( c\gh+ ( :i* he soon dies4 ,moreov]1 among ! ,zulus 8a man :o has #ajh _h crim9al int]c\rse ) a sick p]son's wife is prohibit$ f visit+ ! sick-*amb]2 &1 if ! sick p]son is a woman1 any female :o has committ$ adult]y ) h] husb& mu/ n visit h]4 ,!y say t1 if ^! visits ev] take place1 ! pati5t is imm$iately oppress$ ) a cold p]spiration & dies4 ,?is prohibition 0 ?\ght to f9d out ! infidelities ( ! wom5 & to make !m fe> discov]y40#ajh4a ,sid5ote3 ,african *iefs ?\ght to be injuri\sly affect$ by ! incont95ce ( _! subjects4 ,= a simil> reason1 app>5tly1 dur+ ! sickness ( a ,caffre *ief 8 tribe 0 b\nd to obs]ve /rict cont95ce "u pa9 ( dea?4#ajh4b ,! notion seems to h be5 t any act ( incont95ce w\ld ?r\gh "s sort ( magical sympa?y prove fatal to ! sick *ief4 ,! ,ovakumbi1 a tribe 9 ! s\? ( ,angola1 ?9k t ! c>nal int]c\rse ( "y p "u ! age ( pub]ty w\ld cause ! k+ to die )9 ! ye>1 if x 7 n sev]ely puni%$4 ,! puni%m5t = su* a treasonable (f5ce us$ to be dea?4#ajh4c ,simil>ly1 9 ! k+dom ( ,congo1 :5 ! sacr$ pontiff1 call$ ! ,*itom1 0 go+ 8 r\nds ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 all 8 subjects _h to live /rictly *a/e1 & any p]son f\nd guilty ( incont95ce at su* times 0 put to dea? )\t m]cy4 ,!y ?\ght t univ]sal *a/ity 0 ess5tial to ! pres]vation ( ! life ( ! pontiff1 :om !y rev]$ z ! head ( _! religion & _! common fa!r4 ,accord+ly :5 he 0 abroad he took c>e to w>n 8 fai?ful subjects by a public cri]1 t no man might plead ignorance z an excuse = a brea* ( ! law4#ajh4d ,sid5ote3 ,injuri\s effects ( adult]y on ! adult]ess4 ,speak+ ( ! same region ( ,we/ ,africa1 an old writ] tells u t 8conjugal *a/ity is s+ul>ly respect$ among ^! p2 adult]y is plac$ 9 ! li/ ( ! greate/ crimes4 ,by an op9ion g5]ally receiv$1 ! wom5 are p]suad$ t if !y 7 to r5d] !mselves guilty ( infidelity1 ! greate/ mis=tunes w\ld ov]:elm #aji !m1 unless !y av]t$ !m by an av[al made to _! husb&s1 & 9 obta9+ _! p>don = ! injury !y might h done40#aji4a ,sid5ote3 ,dang]\s pollution suppos$ to be incurr$ by un*a/ity4 ,! ,looboos ( ,sumatra ?9k t an unm>ri$ "y woman :o has be5 got ) *ild falls !reby into a dang]\s /ate call$ loo1 :i* is su* t %e spreads mis=tune :]ev] %e goes4 ,h5ce :5 %e ent]s a h\se1 ! p try to drive h] out by =ce4#aji4b ,among/ ! ,sulka ( ,new ,brita9 unm>ri$ p :o h be5 guilty ( un*a/ity are believ$ to contract !reby a fatal pollution 7sle7 ( :i* !y w die1 if !y d n confess _! fault & und]go a public c]emony ( purification4 ,su* p]sons are avoid$3 no "o w take any?+ at _! h&s3 p>5ts po9t !m out to _! *ildr5 & w>n !m n to g ne> !m4 ,! infection :i* !y are suppos$ to spread is app>5tly physical r ?an moral 9 its nature2 = special c>e is tak5 to keep ! p>aph]nalia ( ! dance out ( _! way1 ! m]e pres5ce ( p]sons s pollut$ be+ ?\ght to t>ni% ! pa9t on ! in/rum5ts4 ,m5 :o h contract$ ?is dang]\s ta9t rid !mselves ( x by dr9k+ sea-wat] mix$ ) %r$d$ coco-nut & g+]1 aft] :i* !y are ?r[n into ! sea4 ,em]g+ f ! wat] !y put (f ! dripp+ clo!s :i* !y wore dur+ _! /ate ( defilem5t & ca/ !m away4 ,?is purification is believ$ to save _! lives1 :i* o!rwise mu/ h be5 de/roy$ by _! un*a/ity4#aji4c ,among ! ,buduma ( ,lake ,*ad1 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 at ! pres5t day 8a *ild born out ( w$lock is look$ on z a disgrace1 & mu/ be dr[n$4 ,if ?is is n done1 great mis=tunes #aaj w happ5 to ! tribe4 ,all ! m5 w fall sick1 & ! wom51 c[s & goats w become b>r540#aaj4a ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion4 ,^! examples may suffice to %ew t among _m races sexual immorality1 :e!r 9 ! =m ( adult]y1 =nication1 or ince/1 is believ$ ( itself to entail1 naturally & inevitably1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( society1 mo/ s]i\s consequ5ces n only on ! culprits !mselves1 b also on ! community1 (t5 inde$ to m5ace ! v exi/5ce ( ! :ole p by de/roy+ ! food supply4 ,i ne$ h>dly rem9d y t all ^! beliefs are entirely baseless2 no su* consequ5ces fl[ f su* acts2 9 %ort1 ! beliefs 9 "q are a pure sup]/ition4 ,yet we _c d\bt t :]ev] ?is sup]/ition has exi/$ x mu/ h s]v$ z a p[]ful motive to det] m5 f adult]y1 =nication1 & ince/4 ,if t is s1 !n ,i ?9k ,i h prov$ my ?ird proposition1 :i* is1 t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = m>riage1 & has !reby contribut$ to ! /rict] obs]vance ( ! rules ( sexual morality bo? among ! m>ri$ & ! unm>ri$4 ,v4 ,,respect ,,= ,,human ,,life #aaa ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition z a prop to ! security ( human life4 ,i pass n[ to my f\r? & la/ proposition1 :i* is1 t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = human life & has !reby contribut$ to ! security ( its enjoym5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fe> ( gho/s4 ,! p>ticul> sup]/ition :i* has _h ?is salut>y effect is ! fe> ( gho/s1 especially ! gho/s ( ! murd]$4 ,! fe> ( gho/s is widespread1 p]haps univ]sal1 among savages2 x is h>dly ext9ct among ourselves4 ,if x 7 ext9ct1 "s le>n$ societies might put up _! %utt]s4 ,dead or alive1 ! fe> ( gho/s has c]ta9ly n be5 an unmix$ bless+4 ,inde$ x might ) "s %[ ( reason be ma9ta9$ t no belief has done s mu* to ret>d ! economic & !reby ! social progress ( mank9d z ! belief 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l2 = ?is belief has l$ race aft] race1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 to sacrifice ! real wants ( ! liv+ to ! imag9>y wants ( ! dead4 ,! wa/e & de/ruction ( life & prop]ty :i* ?is fai? has entail$ are enorm\s & incalculable4 ,sid5ote3 ,disa/r\s consequ5ces entail$ by ! fe> ( ! dead4 ,)\t ent]+ into details ,i w illu/rate by a s+le example ! disa/r\s economic1 political1 & moral consequ5ces :i* fl[ f t sy/ematic de/ruction ( prop]ty :i* ! fe> ( ! dead has impos$ on _m races4 ,speak+ ( ! ,patagonians1 ! well-in=m$ & intellig5t travell] d',orbigny obs]ves3 8,!y h no laws1 no puni%m5ts inflict$ on ! guilty4 ,ea* lives z he pleases1 & ! greate/ ?ief is ! mo/ highly e/eem$1 because he is ! mo/ dext]\s4 ,a motive #aab :i* w always prev5t !m f ab&on+ ! practice ( !ft1 & at ! same "t w always pres5t an ob/acle to _! ev] =m+ fix$ settlem5ts1 is ! religi\s prejudice :i*1 on ! dea? ( "o ( _! numb]1 obliges !m to de/roy 8 prop]ty4 ,a ,patagonian1 :o has amass$ dur+ ! :ole ( 8 life an e/ate by ?iev+ f ! :ites or ex*ang+ ! products ( ! *ase ) neighb\r+ tribes1 has done no?+ = 8 heirs2 all 8 sav+s are de/roy$ ) him1 & 8 *ildr5 are oblig$ to rebuild _! =tunes afre%1--a cu/om :i*1 ,i may obs]ve 9 pass+1 is f\nd also among ! ,tamanaques ( ! ,or9oco1 :o ravage ! field ( ! deceas$ & cut d[n ! trees :i* he has plant$2#aab4a & among ! ,yurac>es1 :o ab&on & %ut up ! h\se ( ! dead1 reg>d+ x z a pr(anation to ga!r a s+le fruit f ! trees ( 8 field4 ,x is easy to see t ) su* cu/oms !y c n\ri% no real ambition s9ce _! ne$s are limit$ to !mselves2 x is "o ( ! causes ( _! natural indol5ce & is a motive :i*1 s long z x exi/s1 w always imp$e ! progress ( _! civilization4 ,:y %\ld !y tr\ble !mselves ab\t ! future :5 !y h no?+ to hope f x8 ,! pres5t is all 9 all 9 _! eyes1 & _! only int]e/ is individual2 ! son w take no c>e ( 8 fa!r's h]d1 s9ce x w nev] come into 8 possession2 he busies himself only ) 8 own affairs & soon turns 8 ?\ghts to look+ aft] himself & gett+ a livelihood4 ,?is cu/om has c]ta9ly some?+ to comm5d x f ! moral po9t ( view 9 s f> z x de/roys all ! motives = t covet\sness 9 heirs :i* is too (t5 to be se5 9 our cities4 ,! desire or ! hope ( a spe$y dea? ( _! p>5ts _c exi/1 s9ce ! p>5ts leave absolutely no?+ to _! *ildr52 b on ! o!r h&1 if ! ,patagonians _h pres]v$ h]$it>y prop]ties1 !y w\ld )\t d\bt h be5 to-day 9 possession ( num]\s h]ds1 & w\ld necess>ily h be5 m =midable to ! :ites1 s9ce _! p[] 9 t case w\ld h be5 m ?an d\bl$1 :]eas _! pres5t habits w infallibly leave !m 9 a /ation>y /ate1 f :i* no?+ b a radical *ange #aac w be able to deliv] !m40#aac4a ,?us pov]ty1 indol5ce1 improvid5ce1 political weakness1 & all ! h>d%ips ( a nomadic life are ! mis]able inh]itance :i* ! fe> ( ! dead entails on ^! wret*$ ,indians4 ,heavy inde$ is ! toll :i* sup]/ition exacts f all :o pass )9 h] gloomy portal4 ,sid5ote3 ,fe> ( ! gho/s ( ! sla9 a *eck on murd]4 ,b ,i am n "h conc]n$ ) ! disa/r\s & deplorable consequ5ces1 ! unspeakable follies & crimes & mis]ies1 :i* h fl[$ 9 practice f ! !ory ( a future life4 ,my bus9ess at pres5t is ) ! m *e]ful side ( ! subject1 ) ! :olesome1 ?\gh gr\ndless1 t]ror :i* gho/s1 app>itions1 & spectres /rike into ! brea/s ( h>d5$ ruffians & desp]adoes4 ,s f> z su* p]sons reflect at all & regulate _! passions by ! dictates ( prud5ce1 x seems pla9 t a fe> ( gho/ly retribution1 ( ! angry _s ( _! victim1 mu/ act z a salut>y re/ra9t on _! disord]ly impulses2 x mu/ re9=ce ! dread ( purely secul> puni%m5t & furni% ! *ol]ic & malici\s ) a fre% motive = paus+ be=e !y imbrue _! h&s 9 blood4 ,?is is s obvi\s1 & ! fe> ( gho/s is s notori\s1 t bo? might p]haps be tak5 = grant$1 especially at ?is late h\r ( ! ev5+4 ,b = ! sake ( complet5ess ,i w m5tion a few illu/rative facts1 tak+ !m almo/ at r&om f di/ant races 9 ord] to indicate ! wide diffusion ( ?is p>ticul> sup]/ition4 ,i %all try to %ew t :ile all gho/s are fe>$1 ! gho/s ( sla9 m5 are especially dread$ by _! slay]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,anci5t ,greek belief z to ! ang] ( a gho/ at 8 slay]4 ,! anci5t ,greeks believ$ t ! s\l ( any man :o _h j be5 kill$ 0 angry ) 8 slay] & tr\bl$ him2 h5ce ev5 an involunt>y homicide _h to #aad dep>t f 8 c\ntry = a ye> until ! wra? ( ! dead man _h cool$ d[n2 nor might ! slay] return until sacrifice _h be5 (f]$ & c]emonies ( purification p]=m$4 ,if 8 victim *anc$ to be a =eign]1 ! homicide _h to %un ! c\ntry ( ! dead man z well z 8 own4#aad4a ,! leg5d ( ! matricide ,ore/es1 h[ he roam$ f place to place pursu$ & madd5$ by ! gho/ ( 8 murd]$ "m1 reflects fai?fully ! anci5t ,greek conception ( ! fate :i* ov]takes ! murd]] at ! h&s ( ! gho/4#aad4b ,sid5ote3 ,among ! ,greeks a manslay] 0 dread$ & %unn$ because he 0 ?\ght to be haunt$ by ! angry & dang]\s gho/ ( 8 victim4 ,b x is important to obs]ve t n only does ! hag-ridd5 homicide g 9 t]ror ( 8 victim's gho/2 he is himself an object ( fe> & av]sion to ! :ole community on acc\nt ( ! angry & dang]\s _s :i* dogs 8 /eps4 ,x 0 probably m 9 self-def5ce ?an out ( consid]ation = ! manslay] t ,attic law compell$ him to quit ! c\ntry4 ,?is comes out cle>ly f ! provisions ( ! law4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place1 on go+ into bani%m5t ! homicide _h to foll[ a prescrib$ road3#aad4c obvi\sly x w\ld h be5 haz>d\s to let him /ray ab\t ! c\ntry ) a wra?ful gho/ at 8 heels4 ,9 ! second place1 if ano!r *>ge 0 br\ght aga9/ a bani%$ homicide1 he 0 all[$ to return to ,attica to plead 9 8 def5ce1 b he might n set foot on l&2 he _h to speak f a %ip1 & ev5 ! %ip might n ca/ an*or or put out a gangway4 ,! judges avoid$ all contact ) ! culprit1 = !y judg$ ! case sitt+ or /&+ on ! %ore4#aad4d ,pla9ly ! int5tion ( ?is rule 0 lit]ally to insulate ! slay]1 le/ by t\*+ ,attic e>? ev5 indirectly ?r\gh ! an*or or ! gangway he %\ld bla/ x by a sort ( electric %ock1 z we might say2 ?\gh d\btless ! ,greeks w\ld h said t ! blight 0 wr\ght by contact ) ! gho/1 by a sort ( efflu5ce ( dea?4 ,= ! same reason if su* a man1 sail+ ! #aae sea1 happ5$ to be wreck$ on ! coa/ ( ! c\ntry :]e 8 crime _h be5 committ$1 he 0 all[$ to camp on ! %ore till a %ip came to take him (f1 b he 0 expect$ to keep 8 feet 9 sea-wat] all ! "t1#aae4a evid5tly to neutralise ! gho/ly infection & prev5t x f spread+ to ! soil4 ,= ! same reason1 :5 ! turbul5t p ( ,cynae?a 9 ,arcadia _h p]petrat$ a peculi>ly atroci\s massacre & _h s5t envoys to ,sp>ta1 all ! ,arcadian /ates ?r\gh :i* ! envoys took _! way ord]$ !m out ( ! c\ntry2 & aft] _! dep>ture ! ,mant9eans purifi$ !mselves & _! belong+s by sacrific+ victims & c>ry+ !m r\nd ! city & ! :ole ( _! l&4#aae4b ,s :5 ! ,a!nians _h he>d ( a massacre at ,argos1 !y caus$ purificatory (f]+s to be c>ri$ r\nd ! public assembly4#aae4c ,sid5ote3 ,! leg5d ( ,ore/es reflects ! ,greek horror ( a manslay]4 ,no d\bt ! root ( all su* obs]vances 0 a fe> ( ! dang]\s gho/ :i* haunts ! murd]] & aga9/ :i* ! :ole community z well z ! homicide himself mu/ be on its gu>d4 ,! ,greek practice 9 ^! respects is cle>ly mirror$ 9 ! leg5d ( ,ore/es2 = x is said t ! p ( ,troez5 w\ld n receive him 9 _! h\ses until he _h be5 purifi$ ( 8 guilt1#aae4d t is1 until he _h be5 rid ( 8 "m's gho/4 ,! ,akikuyu ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa ?9k t if a man :o has kill$ ano!r comes & sleeps at a village & eats ) a family 9 _! hut1 ! p]sons ) :om he has eat5 contract a dang]\s pollution :i* might prove fatal to !m 7 x n remov$ 9 "t by a m$ic9e-man4 ,! v sk9 on :i* ! homicide slept has absorb$ ! ta9t & might infect any "o else :o slept on x4 ,s a m$ic9e-man is s5t = to purify ! hut & its occupants4#aae4e ,sid5ote3 ,manslay]s purg$ ( ! /a9 ( human blood by be+ sme>$ ) ! blood ( pigs4 ,! #aaf ,greek mode ( purify+ a homicide 0 to kill a suck+ pig & wa% ! h&s ( ! guilty man 9 its blood3 until ?is c]emony _h be5 p]=m$ ! manslay] 0 n all[$ to speak4#aaf4a ,among ! hill-tribes ne> ,rajamahal 9 ,b5gal1 if two m5 qu>rel & blood be %$1 ! "o :o cut ! o!r is f9$ a hog or a f[l1 8! blood ( :i* is spr9kl$ ov] ! w\nd$ p]son1 to purify him1 & to prev5t 8 be+ possess$ by a devil40#aaf4b ,9 ?is case ! blood-spr9kl+ is av[$ly int5d$ to prev5t ! man f be+ haunt$ by a _s2 only x is n ! aggressor b 8 victim :o is suppos$ to be 9 dang] & !re=e to /& 9 ne$ ( purification4 ,we h se5 t among ^! & o!r savage tribes pig's blood is spr9kl$ on p]sons & ?+s z a mode ( purify+ !m f ! pollution ( sexual crimes4#aaf4c ,among ! ,cam]oon negroes 9 ,we/ ,africa accid5tal homicide c be expiat$ by ! blood ( an animal4 ,! relations ( ! slay] & ( ! sla9 assemble4 ,an animal is kill$1 & e p]son pres5t is sme>$ ) its blood on 8 face & brea/4 ,!y ?9k t ! guilt ( manslaught] is ?us aton$ =1 & t no puni%m5t w ov]take ! homicide4#aaf4d ,9 ,c> ,nicob> a man possess$ by devils is cleans$ ( !m by be+ rubb$ all ov] ) pig's blood & beat5 ) leaves4 ,! devils are suppos$ to be ?us swept (f l flies f ! man's body to ! leaves1 :i* are !n fold$ up & ti$ tightly ) a special k9d ( /r+4 ,a pr(essional exorcis] adm9i/]s ! beat+1 & at e /roke ) ! leaves he falls d[n ) 8 face on ! floor & calls out 9 a squeaky #aag voice1 8,"h is a devil40 ,?is c]emony is p]=m$ by night2 & be=e daybreak all ! packets ( leaves conta9+ ! devils are ?r[n into ! sea4#aag4a ,! ,greeks simil>ly us$ laurel leaves z well z pig's blood 9 purificatory c]emonies4#aag4b ,9 all su* cases we may assume t ! purification 0 orig9ally conceiv$ z physical r ?an z moral1 z a sort ( det]g5t :i* wa%$1 swept1 or scrap$ ! gho/ly or demoniacal pollution f ! p]son ( ! gho/-haunt$ or demon-possess$ man4 ,! motive = employ+ blood 9 ^! rites ( cleans+ is n cle>4 ,p]haps ! purgative virtue ascrib$ to x may h be5 bas$ on ! notion t ! (f5d$ _s accepts ! blood z a sub/itute = ! blood ( ! man or woman4#aag4c ,h[ev]1 x is d\btful :e!r ?is explanation c\ld cov] all ! cases 9 :i* blood is spr9kl$ z a mode ( purification4 ,c]ta9ly x is odd1 z ! sage ,h]aclitus long ago rem>k$1 t blood-/a9s %\ld be ?\ght to be remov$ by blood-/a9s1 z if a man :o _h be5 bespatt]$ ) mud %\ld ?9k to cleanse himself by bespatt]+ himself ) m mud4#aag4d ,b ! ways ( man are wond]ful & sometimes pa/ f9d+ out4 ,sid5ote3 ,! matricide ,ore/es is said to h recov]$ 8 wits by bit+ (f "o ( 8 own f+]s4 ,!re 0 a curi\s /ory t aft] ,ore/es _h gone mad ?r\gh murd]+ 8 "m he recov]$ 8 wits by bit+ (f "o ( 8 own f+]s2 ! ,furies ( 8 murd]$ "m1 :i* _h appe>$ black to him be=e1 appe>$ :ite z soon z he _h mutilat$ himself 9 ?is way3 x 0 z if ! ta/e ( 8 own blood suffic$ to av]t or dis>m ! wra?ful gho/4#aag4e ,a h9t ( ! way 9 :i* ! blood may h be5 suppos$ to produce ?is result is furni%$ by ! practice ( "s savages4 ,sid5ote3 ,manslay]s commonly ta/e _! victims' blood 9 ord] n to be haunt$ by _! gho/s4 ,! ,indians ( ,guiana believe t an av5g] ( blood :o has sla9 8 man mu/ g mad unless he ta/es ! blood ( 8 victim2 ! notion app>5tly is t ! gho/ drives him crazy1 #aah j z ! gho/ ( ,clytemne/ra did to ,ore/es1 :o 0 also1 be x rememb]$1 an av5g] ( blood4 ,9 ord] to av]t ?is consequ5ce ! ,indian manslay] resorts on ! ?ird night to ! grave ( 8 victim1 pi]ces ! corpse ) a %>p-po9t$ /ick1 & )draw+ x sucks ! blood ( ! murd]$ man4 ,aft] t he goes home ) an easy m9d1 satisfi$ t he has done 8 duty & t he has no?+ m to fe> f ! gho/4#aah4a ,a simil> cu/om 0 obs]v$ by ! ,maoris 9 battle4 ,:5 a w>rior _h sla9 8 foe 9 combat1 he ta/$ 8 blood1 believ+ t ?is pres]v$ him f ! av5g+ _s 7atua7 ( 8 victim2 = !y imag9$ t 8! mom5t a slay] _h ta/$ ! blood ( ! sla91 ! dead man became a "p ( 8 be+ & plac$ him "u ! protection ( ! atua or gu>dian-_s ( ! deceas$40#aah4b ,?us 9 ! op9ion ( ^! savages1 by swall[+ a portion ( _! victim !y made him a "p ( !mselves & !reby conv]t$ him f an enemy into an ally2 !y e/abli%$1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! words1 a blood-cov5ant ) him4 ,! ,aric>a ,indians also drank ! blood ( _! sla9 foes & proclaim$ ! de$ by ! m>k ( a r$ h& on _! faces4#aah4c ,! motive = ?is practice may h be51 z ) ! ,maoris1 a desire to appropriate & s dis>m ! gho/ ( an enemy4 ,9 antiquity "s ( ! ,scy?ians us$ to dr9k ! blood ( ! fir/ foes !y kill$2 & !y also ta/$ ! blood ( ! fri5ds ) :om !y made a cov5ant1 = 8!y take t to be ! sure/ pl$ge ( good fai?40#aah4d ,sid5ote3 ,homicides suppos$ to g mad unless !y ta/e ! blood ( _! victim4 ,! motive ( ! two cu/oms 0 probably ! same4 8,to ! pres5t day1 :5 a p]son ( ano!r tribe has be5 sla9 by a ,n&i1 ! blood mu/ be c>efully wa%$ (f ! spe> or sword into a cup made ( grass1 & drunk by ! slay]4 ,if ?is is n done x is ?\ght t ! man w become fr5zi$40#aah4e ,s #aai among "s tribes ( ! ,l[] ,nig] 8x is cu/om>y & necess>y = ! execution] to lick ! blood t is on ! blade02 moreov] 8! cu/om ( lick+ ! blood (f ! blade ( a sword by :i* a man has be5 kill$ 9 w> is common to all ^! tribes1 & ! explanation giv5 me by ! ,ibo1 :i* is g5]ally accept$1 is1 t if ?is 0 n done1 ! act ( kill+ w\ld s affect ! /rik]s z to cause !m to run amok among _! own p2 because ! sight & smell ( blood r5d] !m absolutely s5seless z well z reg>dless ( all consequ5ces4 ,& ?is lick+ ! blood is ! only sure rem$y1 & ! only way 9 :i* !y c recov] !mselves40#aai4a ,s1 too1 among ! ,%ans ( ,burma 8x 0 ! curi\s cu/om ( execution]s to ta/e ! blood ( _! victims1 z !y believ$ if ?is 7 n done illness & dea? w\ld foll[ 9 a %ort "t4 ,9 remote times ,%an soldi]s always bit ! bodies ( m5 kill$ by !m 9 battle40#aai4b ,/range z x may seem1 ?is truly savage sup]/ition exi/s app>5tly 9 ,italy to ?is day4 ,!re is a widespread op9ion 9 ,calabria t if a murd]] is to escape he mu/ suck 8 victim's blood f ! reek+ blade ( ! dagg] ) :i* he did ! de$4#aai4c ,we c n[ p]haps und]/& :y ! matricide ,ore/es 0 ?\ght to h recov]$ 8 w&]+ wits z soon z he _h bitt5 (f "o ( 8 f+]s4 ,by ta/+ 8 own blood1 :i* 0 also t ( 8 victim1 s9ce %e 0 8 "m1 he might be suppos$ to =m a blood-cov5ant ) ! gho/ & s to conv]t x f a foe into a fri5d4 ,sid5ote3 ,v>i\s precautions tak5 by manslay]s aga9/ ! gho/s ( _! victims4 ,! ,kabyles ( ,nor? ,africa ?9k t if a murd]] leaps sev5 times ov] 8 victim's grave )9 ?ree or sev5 days ( ! murd]1 he w be q safe4 ,h5ce ! fre% grave ( a murd]$ man is c>efully gu>d$4#aai4d ,! ,lu%ai #abj ( ,nor?-,ea/]n ,india believe t if a man kills an enemy ! gho/ ( 8 victim w haunt him & he w g mad1 unless he p]=ms a c]ta9 c]emony :i* w make him ma/] ( ! dead man's s\l 9 ! o!r _w4 ,! c]emony includes ! sacrifice ( an animal1 :e!r a pig1 a goat1 or a mi?an4#abj4a ,among ! ,awemba ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia1 8accord+ to a sup]/ition common among ,c5tral ,african tribes1 unless ! slay]s 7 purifi$ f blood-guilt9ess !y w\ld become mad4 ,on ! night ( return no w>rior might sleep 9 8 own hut1 b lay 9 ! op5 nsaka 9 ! village4 ,! next day1 aft] ba?+ 9 ! /ream & be+ ano9t$ ) lu/ral m$ic9e by ! doctor1 he c\ld return to 8 own he>?1 & resume int]c\rse ) 8 wife40#abj4b ,9 all su* cases ! madness ( ! slay] is probably attribut$ to ! gho/ ( ! sla91 :i* has tak5 possession ( him4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cu/om ( seclud+ & purify+ homicides is int5d$ to protect !m aga9/ ! angry spirits ( ! sla91 :i* are ?\ght to madd5 _! slay]s4 ,t ! ,greek practice ( seclud+ & purify+ a homicide 0 ess5tially an exorcism1 9 o!r words1 t its aim 0 to ban ! dang]\s gho/ ( 8 victim1 is r5d]$ practically c]ta9 by ! simil> rites ( seclusion & purification :i* among _m savage tribes h to be obs]v$ by victori\s w>riors ) ! av[$ int5tion ( secur+ !m aga9/ ! spirits ( ! m5 :om !y h sla9 9 battle4 ,^! rites ,i h illu/rat$ else:]e1#abj4c b a few cases may be quot$ "h by way ( example4 ,?us among ! ,basutos 8ablution is especially p]=m$ on return f battle4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t ! w>riors %\ld rid !mselves1 z soon z possible1 ( ! blood !y h %$1 or ! %ades ( _! victims w\ld pursue !m incessantly1 & di/urb _! slumb]s4 ,!y g 9 a procession1 & 9 full arm\r1 to ! ne>e/ /ream4 ,at ! mom5t !y ent] ! wat] a div9]1 plac$ high] up1 ?r[s "s purify+ sub/ances into ! curr5t40#abj4d ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt ( ! ,basuto cu/om1 8w>riors #aba :o h kill$ an enemy are purifi$4 ,! *ief has to wa% !m1 sacrific+ an ox 9 ! pres5ce ( ! :ole army4 ,!y are also ano9t$ ) ! gall ( ! animal1 :i* prev5ts ! gho/ ( ! enemy f pursu+ !m any f>!r40#aba4a ,among ! ,?onga1 a ,bantu tribe ( ,s\? ,africa1 ab\t ,delagoa ,bay1 8to h kill$ an enemy on ! battle-field entails an imm5se glory = ! slay]s2 b t glory is fraught ) great dang]4 ,!y h kill$4''' ,s !y are expos$ to ! my/]i\s & deadly influ5ce ( ! nuru & mu/ consequ5tly und]go a m$ical treatm5t4 ,:at is ! nuru8 ,nuru1 ! _s ( ! sla9 :i* tries to take its rev5ge on ! slay]4 ,x haunts him & may drive him into insanity3 8 eyes swell1 protrude & become inflam$4 ,he w lose 8 head1 be attack$ by gidd9ess 7ndzululwan7 & ! ?ir/ = blood may lead him to fall ^u memb]s ( 8 own family & to /ab !m ) 8 assagay4 ,to prev5t su* mis=tunes1 a special m$ication is requir$3 ! slay]s mu/ lurulula tiyimp ta bu1 take away ! nuru ( _! sangu9>y exp$ition4''' ,9 :at consi/s ?is treatm5t8 ,! slay]s mu/ rema9 = "s days at ! capital4 ,!y are taboo4 ,!y put on old clo!s1 eat ) special spoons1 because _! h&s are #8hot1' & (f special plates 7mireko7 & brok5 pots4 ,!y are =bidd5 to dr9k wat]4 ,_! food mu/ be cold4 ,! *ief kills ox5 = !m2 b if ! meat 7 hot x w\ld make !m swell int]nally #8because !y are hot !mselves1 !y are defil$ 7ba na nsila74' ,if !y eat hot food1 ! defilem5t w\ld ent] into !m4 #8,!y are black 7ntima74 ,?is black mu/ be remov$4' ,dur+ all ?is "t sexual relations are absolutely =bidd5 to !m4 ,!y mu/ n g home1 to _! wives4 ,9 =m] times ! ,ba-,ronga us$ to tattoo !m ) special m>ks f "o eyebr[ to ! o!r4 ,dreadful m$ic9es 7 inoculat$ 9 ! incisions1 & !re rema9$ pimples #8:i* gave !m ! appe>ance ( a buffalo :5 x fr[ns4' ,aft] "s days a m$ic9e-man comes to purify !m1 #8to remove _! black4' ,!re seem to be v>i\s means ( do+ x1 accord+ to ,mankhelu4 ,se$s ( all k9ds are put into a #abb brok5 pot & roa/$1 toge!r ) drugs & psanyi#abb4a ( a goat4 ,! slay]s inhale ! smoke :i* emanates f ! pot4 ,!y put _! h&s into ! mixture & rub _! limbs ) x1 especially ! jo9ts4''' ,insanity ?reat5+ ^? :o %$ blood might beg9 e>ly4 ,s1 already on ! battle-field1 j aft] _! de$1 w>riors are giv5 a prev5tive dose ( ! m$ic9e by ^? :o h kill$ on previ\s occasions4''' ,! p]iod ( seclusion hav+ be5 conclud$ by ! f9al purification1 all ! implem5ts us$ by ! slay]s dur+ ^! days1 & _! old g>m5ts1 are ti$ toge!r & hung by a /r+ to a tree1 at "s di/ance f ! capital1 :]e !y are left to rot40#abb4b ,sid5ote3 ,) "s savages tempor>y insanity seems to be really caus$ by ! sight or ev5 ?\ght ( blood4 ,! acc\nts ( ! madness :i* is apt to befall slay]s seem too num]\s & too consi/5t to be dismiss$ z pure fictions ( ! savage imag9ation4 ,h[ev] we may reject ! native explanation ( su* fits ( fr5zy1 ! reports po9t to a real b]s]k] fury or unbridl$ ?ir/ = blood :i* comes ov] savages :5 !y are excit$ by combat1 & :i* may prove dang]\s to fri5ds z well z to foes4 ,! "q is "o on :i* /ud5ts ( m5tal disease might p]haps ?r[ light4 ,meantime x des]ves to be notic$ t ev5 ! p :o h /aid at home & h tak5 no %>e 9 ! bloody "w are liable to fall into a /ate ( fr5zy :5 !y he> ! w>-:oops :i* proclaim ! approa* ( ! victori\s w>riors ) _! gha/ly trophies4 ,?us we are told t among ! ,b>e'e-speak+ ,toradjas ( ,c5tral ,celebes1 :5 ^! notes ( triumph 7 he>d 9 ! di/ance ! :ole population ( ! village w\ld turn out to meet & welcome ! return+ braves4 ,at ! m]e s\nd "s ( ^? :o _h rema9$ at home1 especially wom51 w\ld be seiz$ ) a fr5zy1 & ru%+ =? w\ld bite ! sev]$ heads ( ! sla9 foes1 & !y 7 n to be br\ght to _! s5ses till !y _h drunk palm w9e or wat] out ( ! skulls4 ,if ! w>riors return$ empty-h&$1 ^! #abc furies w\ld fall ^u !m & bite _! arms4 ,!re 0 a regul> expression = ?is /ate ( tempor>y insanity excit$ by ! sight or ev5 ! ?\ght ( human blood2 x 0 call$ m]ata lamoanja or m]ata raoa1 8! _s is come ov] !m10 by :i* 0 probably meant t ! madness 0 caus$ by ! gho/s ( ! slaught]$ foes4 ,:5 any ( ! w>riors !mselves suff]$ f ?is p>oxysm ( fr5zy1 !y 7 heal$ by eat+ a piece ( ! bra9s or lick+ ! blood ( ! sla94#abc4a ,sid5ote3 ,means tak5 by manslay]s 9 ,africa to rid !mselves ( ! gho/s ( _! victims4 ,among ! ,bantu tribes ( ,kavirondo1 9 ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 :5 a man has kill$ an enemy 9 w>f>e he %aves 8 head on 8 return home1 & 8 fri5ds rub a m$ic9e1 :i* g5]ally consi/s ( c['s dung1 ov] 8 body to prev5t ! _s ( ! sla9 man f tr\bl+ him4#abc4b ,"h c['s dung s]ves ^! negroes z a det]g5t ( ! gho/1 j z pig's blood s]v$ ! anci5t ,greeks4 ,among ! ,wawanga1 ab\t ,m\nt ,elgon 9 ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 8a man return+ f a raid1 on :i* he has kill$ "o ( ! enemy1 may n ent] 8 hut until he has tak5 c[-dung & rubb$ x on ! *eeks ( ! wom5 & *ildr5 ( ! village & purifi$ himself by ! sacrifice ( a goat1 a /rip ( sk9 f ! =ehead ( :i* he we>s r\nd ! "r wri/ dur+ ! f\r foll[+ nights40#abc4c ,) ! ,ja-,luo ( ,kavirondo ! cu/om is some:at diff]5t4 ,?ree days aft] 8 return f ! fight ! w>rior %aves 8 head4 ,b be=e he may ent] 8 village he has to hang a live f[l1 head upp]mo/1 r\nd 8 neck2 !n ! bird is decapitat$ & its head left hang+ r\nd 8 neck4 ,soon aft] 8 return a fea/ is made = ! sla9 man1 9 ord] t 8 gho/ may n haunt 8 slay]4#abc4d ,9 "s ( ^! cases ! slay] %aves 8 head1 precisely z ! matricide ,ore/es is said to h %orn 8 hair :5 he came to 8 s5ses4#abc4e ,f ?is ,greek tradition we may inf] ) "s probability t ! hair ( ,greek homicides1 #abd l t ( ^! ,african w>riors1 0 regul>ly cropp$ z "o way ( ridd+ !m ( ! gho/ly infection4 ,among ! ,ba-,yaka1 a ,bantu p ( ! ,congo ,free ,/ate1 8a man :o has be5 kill$ 9 battle is suppos$ to s5d 8 s\l to av5ge 8 dea? on ! p]son ( ! man :o kill$ him2 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 c escape ! v5geance ( ! dead by we>+ ! r$ tail-fea!rs ( ! p>rot 9 8 hair1 & pa9t+ 8 =ehead r$40#abd4a ,p]haps1 z ,i h sugge/$ else:]e1 ?is co/ume is int5d$ to disguise ! slay] f 8 victim's gho/4#abd4b ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 by ! ,nat*ez ,indians4 ,among ! ,nat*ez ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica "y braves :o _h tak5 _! fir/ scalps 7 oblig$ to obs]ve c]ta9 rules ( ab/95ce = six mon?s4 ,!y might n sleep ) _! wives nor eat fle%2 _! only food 0 fi% & ha/y-pudd+4 ,if !y broke ^! rules !y believ$ t ! s\l ( ! man !y _h kill$ w\ld "w _! dea? by magic4#abd4c ,sid5ote3 ,gho/s ( ! sla9 dread$ by ! ,kai ( ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea4 ,! ,kai ( ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea /& 9 great fe> ( ! gho/s ( ! m5 :om !y h sla9 9 w>4 ,on _! way back f ! field ( battle or ! sc5e ( massacre !y hurry 9 ord] to be safe at home or 9 ! %elt] ( a fri5dly village be=e nightfall2 = all night long ! spirits ( ! dead are believ$ to dog ! foot/eps ( _! slay]s1 9 ! hope ( com+ up ) !m & recov]+ ! lo/ portions ( _! s\ls :i* adh]e ) ! clots ( _! blood to ! spe>s & clubs t dealt !m ! dea?-bl[4 ,only s c ^! poor re/less gho/s f9d re/ & peace4 ,h5ce ! slay]s are c>eful n to br+ back ! blood-/a9$ weapons ) !m into ! village2 = t w\ld be ! fir/ place :]e ! gho/s w\ld look = !m4 ,!y hide !m1 !re=e1 9 ! =e/ at a safe di/ance f ! village1 :]e ! gho/s c nev] f9d !m2 & :5 ! spirits are we>y ( ! fruitless se>*1 !y g away back to _! dead bodies ly+1 x may be1 among ! black5$ ru9s ( _! #abe desolat$ home4 ,!n ! victors come =?1 & tak+ up ! weapons f _! hid+-places1 wa% !m clean ( blood & br+ !m back to ! village4#abe4a ,b 8z m or less ( ! s\l-/uff ( _! sla9 foes always /icks to ! victors1 none ( _! p may t\* !m aft] _! return to ! village4 ,!y are /rictly %unn$ by _! fri5ds = sev]al days4 ,p g %yly out ( _! way4 ,if any "o 9 ! village gets a pa9 9 8 /oma*1 x is assum$ t he has sat d[n on ! place ( "o ( ! w>riors4 ,if somebody compla9s ( too?a*e1 he mu/ h eat5 a fruit :i* _h be5 t\*$ by "o ( ! combatants4 ,all ! leav+s ( ! m5's food mu/ be mo/ c>efully put out ( ! way1 le/ a pig %\ld get at !m1 = t w\ld be ! dea? ( ! animal4 ,!re=e ! rema9s ( _! meals are burnt or buri$4 ,! w>riors !mselves _c suff] mu* f ! s\l-/uff ( ! foes1 because !y treat !mselves ) ! dis9fect+ sap ( a creep]4 ,b ev5 s !y are n secure aga9/ all ! dang]s t ?reat5 !m f ?is qu>t]40#abe4b ,sid5ote3 ,cu/oms obs]v$ by manslay]s 9 ,briti% ,new ,gu9ea4 ,among ! tribes at ! m\? ( ! ,wanigela ,riv]1 9 ,briti% ,new ,gu9ea1 8a man :o has tak5 life is consid]$ to be impure until he has und]gone c]ta9 c]emonies3 z soon z possible aft] ! de$ he cleanses himself & 8 weapon4 ,?is satisfactorily accompli%$1 he repairs to 8 village & seats himself on ! logs ( sacrificial /ag+4 ,no "o approa*es him or takes any notice :atev] ( him4 ,a h\se is prep>$ = him :i* is put 9 *>ge ( two or ?ree small boys z s]vants4 ,he may eat only toa/$ bananas1 & only ! c5tre portion ( !m--! ends be+ ?r[n away4 ,on ! ?ird day ( 8 seclusion a small fea/ is prep>$ by 8 fri5ds1 :o also fa%ion "s new p]9eal b&s = him4 ,?is is call$ ivi poro4 ,! next day ! man dons all 8 be/ ornam5ts & badges = tak+ life1 & sallies =? fully arm$ & p>ades ! village4 ,! next day a hunt is organis$1 & a kang>oo select$ f ! game captur$4 ,x is cut op5 & ! sple5 & liv] rubb$ ov] ! back ( ! man4 ,he !n walks solemnly d[n to ! #abf ne>e/ wat]1 & /&+ /raddle-legs 9 x wa%es himself4 ,all "y untri$ w>riors swim betwe5 8 legs4 ,?is is suppos$ to imp>t 8 c\rage & /r5g? to !m4 ,! foll[+ day1 at e>ly dawn1 he da%es out ( 8 h\se1 fully arm$1 & calls al\d ! "n ( 8 victim4 ,hav+ satisfi$ himself t he has ?or\ghly sc>$ ! gho/ ( ! dead man1 he returns to 8 h\se4 ,! beat+ ( floor+ bo>ds & ! light+ ( fires is also a c]ta9 me?od ( sc>+ ! gho/4 ,a day lat] 8 purification is f9i%$4 ,he c !n ent] 8 wife's h\se40#abf4a ,9 ?is la/ case ! true nature ( su* s-call$ purifications is cle>ly manife/3 !y are 9 fact rites ( exorcism obs]v$ = ! purpose ( bann+ a dang]\s _s4 ,sid5ote3 ,cu/oms obs]v$ by murd]]s among ! ,omaha ,indians4 ,among/ ! ,omaha ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica a murd]] ^: life 0 sp>$ by ! k9sm5 ( 8 victim _h to obs]ve c]ta9 /r+5t rules = a p]iod :i* v>i$ f two to f\r ye>s4 ,he mu/ walk b>efoot1 & he might eat no w>m food1 nor raise 8 voice1 nor look ar\nd4 ,he _h to pull 8 robe ar\nd him & to keep x ti$ at ! neck1 ev5 9 w>m wea!r2 he might n let x hang loose or fly op54 ,he might n move 8 h&s ab\t1 b _h to keep !m close to 8 body4 ,he might n comb 8 hair1 nor might x be bl[n ab\t by ! w9d4 ,no "o w\ld eat ) him1 & only "o ( 8 k9dr$ 0 all[$ to rema9 ) him 9 8 t5t4 ,:5 ! tribe w5t hunt+1 he 0 oblig$ to pit* 8 t5t ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f ! re/ ( ! p1 8le/ ! gho/ ( 8 victim %\ld raise a high w9d :i* might cause damage40#abf4b ,! reason "h alleg$ = bani%+ ! murd]] f ! camp ( ! hunt]s gives ! clue to all ! o!r re/rictions laid on him3 he 0 haunt$ by ! gho/ & !re=e dang]\s2 h5ce p kept alo( f him1 j z !y are said to h done f ! gho/-ridd5 ,ore/es4 ,among ! ,*9ook ,indians ( ,oregon & ,wa%+ton1 8:5 a p]son has be5 kill$1 an old man :o has a #abg gu>dian _s is ask$ to "w ov] ! murd]]4 ,sid5ote3 ,c]emonies obs]v$ by homicides among ! ,*9ook ,indians4 ,! old man takes coal & mixes x ) grease4 ,he puts x on to ! face ( ! murd]]4 ,he gives him a head r+ ( c$> b>k4 ,c$> b>k is also ti$ ar\nd 8 ankles & knees & ar\nd 8 wri/s4 ,= five days he does n dr9k wat]4 ,he does n sleep1 & does n lie d[n4 ,he always /&s4 ,at night he walks ab\t & :i/les on bone :i/les4 ,he always says #8 4' ,= five days he does n wa% 8 face4 ,!n on ! next morn+ ! old man wa%es 8 face4 ,he takes (f t coal4 ,he removes ! black pa9t f 8 face4 ,he puts r$ pa9t on 8 face4 ,a little coal is mix$ ) ! r$ pa9t4 ,! old man puts ?is aga9 on to 8 face4 ,sometimes ?is is done by an old man1 sometimes by an old woman4 ,! c$> b>k :i* 0 ti$ to 8 legs & arms is tak5 (f & bucksk9 /raps are ti$ ar\nd 8 arms & 8 legs4 ,n[1 aft] five days he is giv5 wat]4 ,he is giv5 a bucket1 out ( :i* he dr9ks4 ,n[ food is roa/$ = him1 until x is burn$4 ,:5 x is burn$ black x is giv5 to him4 ,he eats /&+4 ,he takes five m\?sful1 & no m4 ,aft] ?irty days he is pa9t$ ) new r$ pa9t4 ,good r$ pa9t is tak54 ,n[ he c>ries 8 head r+ & 8 bucket to a spruce tree & hangs x on top ( ! tree4 ,!n ! tree w dry up4 ,p nev] eat 9 company ( a murd]]4 ,he nev] eats sitt+1 b always /&+4 ,:5 he sits d[n to re/ he kneels on "o leg4 ,! murd]] nev] looks at a *ild & mu/ n see p :ile !y are eat+40#abg4a ,all ^! measures are probably int5d$ to rid ! murd]] ( ! cl++ gho/ ( 8 victim1 & to keep him 9 qu>ant9e till ! riddance has be5 effect$4 ,sid5ote3 ,gho/s ( sla9 k9sfolk1 fell[-t[nsm51 & fell[-clansfolk especially dread$4 ,:ile ! _s ( a murd]$ man is ?us fe>$ by ev]ybody1 x is natural t x %\ld be specially dread$ by ^? aga9/ :om = any reason he may be conceiv$ to be> a grudge4 ,= example1 among ! ,yabim ( ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea1 :5 ! relations ( a murd]$ man h accept$ a bloodwit in/ead ( av5g+ 8 dea?1 !y mu/ all[ ! family ( ! victim to m>k !m ) *alk on ! br[4 ,7 ?is #abh n done1 ! gho/ ( _! dead k9sman might come & tr\ble !m = n do+ _! duty by him2 he might drive away _! pigs or loos5 _! tee?4#abh4a ,! gho/s ( murd]$ k9sfolk & neighb\rs are naturally m =midable ?an ^? ( =eign]s & /rang]s2 = _! wra? is hott] & !y h m opportunities ( wreak+ _! ang] on ! h>d-he>t$ fri5ds :o ei!r did !m to dea? ) _! own h&s or left _! blood unav5g$4 ,inde$ "s p only fe> ! wrai?s ( su* p]sons1 & reg>d ) indiff]5ce all o!r gho/s1 let !m m[ & gibb] z mu* z !y l4 ,?us among ! ,boloki ( ! ,upp] ,congo 8a homicide is n afraid ( ! _s ( ! man he has kill$ :5 ! sla9 man belongs to any ( ! neighb\r+ t[ns1 z disembodi$ spirits travel 9 a v limit$ area only2 b :5 he kills a man belong+ to 8 own t[n he is fill$ ) fe> le/ ! _s %all d him "s h>m4 ,!re are no special rites t he c obs]ve to free himself f ^! fe>s1 b he m\rns = ! sla9 man z ?\gh he 7 a memb] ( 8 own family4 ,he neglects 8 p]sonal appe>ance1 %aves 8 head1 fa/s = a c]ta9 p]iod1 & lam5ts ) mu* weep+40#abh4b ,aga91 a ,kikuyu man does n incur c]emonial pollution 7?ahu7 by ! slaught] ( a man ( ano!r tribe1 nor ev5 ( 8 own tribe1 provid$ 8 victim belongs to ano!r clan2 b if ! sla9 man is a memb] ( ! same clan z 8 slay]1 ! case is grave inde$4 ,h[ev]1 x is possible by means ( a c]emony to b9d ov] ! gho/ to keep ! peace4 ,= ?is purpose ! murd]] & ! olde/ surviv+ bro!r ( 8 victim are seat$ fac+ ea* o!r on two trunks ( banana trees2 "h !y are solemnly f$ by two eld]s ) vegetable food ( all k9ds1 :i* has be5 provid$ = ! purpose by _! mo!rs & spr9kl$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! /oma* ( a sacrific$ %eep4 ,next day ! eld]s proce$ to ! sacr$ #abi fig-tree 7mugumo71 :i* plays a great "p 9 ! religi\s rites ( ! ,akikuyu4 ,!re !y sacrifice a pig & deposit "s ( ! fat1 ! inte/9es1 & ! m important bones at ! foot ( ! tree1 :ile !y !mselves fea/ on ! m palatable p>ts ( ! animal4 ,!y ?9k t ! gho/ ( ! murd]$ man w visit ! tree t v night 9 ! outw>d %ape ( a wild cat & consume ! meat1 & t ?is (f]+ w prev5t him f return+ to ! village & tr\bl+ ! inhabitants4#abi4a ,sid5ote3 ,gho/s ( ! sla9 dread$ by ! ,toradjas ( ,c5tral ,celebes4 ,! ,b>e'e-speak+ ,toradjas ( ,c5tral ,celebes are greatly conc]n$ ab\t ! s\ls ( m5 :o h be5 sla9 9 battle4 ,!y appe> to ?9k t m5 :o h be5 kill$ 9 w> in/ead ( dy+ by disease h n exhau/$ _! vital en]gy & t !re=e _! dep>t$ spirits are m p[]ful ?an ! common ruck ( gho/s2 & z on acc\nt ( ! unnatural mann] ( _! dea? !y _c be admitt$ into ! l& ( s\ls !y cont9ue to pr[l ab\t ! e>?1 furi\s ) ! foes :o h cut !m (f untimely 9 ! prime ( manhood1 & dem&+ ( _! fri5ds t !y %all wage w> on ! enemy & s5d =? an exp$ition e ye> to kill "s ( !m4 ,if ! survivors pay no he$ to ?is dem& ( ! blood?ir/y gho/s1 !y !mselves are expos$ to ! v5geance ( ^! angry spirits1 :o pay out _! undutiful fri5ds & relatives by visit+ !m ) sickness & dea?4 ,h5ce ) ! ,toradjas w> is a sacr$ duty 9 :i* e memb] ( ! community is b\nd to be> a "p2 ev5 wom5 & *ildr51 :o _c wage real w>1 mu/ wage mimic w>f>e at home by hack+ ) bamboo swords at an old skull ( ! enemy1 :ile ) _! %rill voices !y utt] ! w>-:oop4#abi4b ,?us among ^! p1 z among _m m tribes ( savages1 a belief 9 ! immortality ( #acj ! s\l has be5 "o ( ! mo/ fruitful causes ( blood%$ by keep+ up a p]petual /ate ( w> betwe5 neighb\r+ communities1 :o d>e n make peace ) ea* o!r = fe> ( mortally (f5d+ ! spirits ( ! dead4#acj4a ,sid5ote3 ,gho/s ( all :o h di$ viol5t dea?s are dang]\s4 ,h[ ! ,k>5s propitiate su* gho/s4 ,b1 :e!r fri5ds or foes1 ! gho/s ( all :o h di$ a viol5t dea? are 9 a s5se a public dang]2 = _! temp] is naturally s\r$ & !y are apt to fall f\l ( ! fir/ p]son !y meet )\t nicely discrim9at+ betwe5 ! innoc5t & ! guilty4 ,! ,k>5s ( ,burma1 = example1 ?9k t ! spirits ( all su* p]sons g nei!r to ! upp] regions ( bliss nor to ! ne!r _w ( woe1 b l+] on e>? & w&] ab\t invisible4 ,!y make m5 sick to dea? by /eal+ _! s\ls4 ,accord+ly ^! vampire-l be+s are exce$+ly dread$ by ! p1 :o seek to appease _! ang] & repel _! cruel assaults by propitiatory (f]+s & ! mo/ e>ne/ pray]s & supplications4#acj4b ,!y put r$1 yell[1 & :ite rice 9 a basket & leave x 9 ! =e/1 say+3 8,gho/s ( su* z di$ by fall+ f a tree1 gho/s ( su* z di$ ( hung] or ?ir/1 gho/s ( su* z di$ by ! tig]'s too? or ! s]p5t's fang1 gho/s ( ! murd]$ dead1 gho/s ( su* z di$ ( small-pox or *ol]a1 gho/s ( dead lep]s1 ,o ill-treat u n1 seize n ^u our p]sons1 d u no h>m4 ,o /ay "h 9 ?is wood4 ,we w br+ hi!r r$ rice1 yell[ rice1 & :ite rice = y\r subsi/5ce40#acj4c ,sid5ote3 ,! angry gho/s ( ! sla9 are sometimes =cibly driv5 away ) noise & clam\r4 ,h[ev]1 x is n always by fair words & propitiatory (f]+s t ! community attempts to rid itself ( ^! invisible b dang]\s intrud]s4 ,p sometimes resort to m =cible measures4 8,once10 says a travell] among ! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 8on approa*+ 9 ! night a village ( ,ottawas1 ,i f\nd all ! inhabitants 9 confusion3 !y 7 all busily engag$ 9 rais+ noises ( ! l\de/ & mo/ inh>moni\s k9d4 ,^u inquiry1 ,i f\nd t a battle _h be5 lately f\ght betwe5 ! ,ottawas & ! ,kickapoos1 & t ! object ( all ?is noise 0 to prev5t ! gho/s ( ! dep>t$ combatants #aca f ent]+ ! village40#aca4a ,aga91 aft] ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians _h burn$ & tortur$ a prison] to dea?1 !y us$ to run ?r\gh ! village1 beat+ ! walls1 ! furniture1 & ! ro(s ( ! huts ) /icks & yell+ at ! pit* ( _! voices to drive away ! angry gho/ ( ! victim1 le/ he %\ld seek to av5ge ! injuries done to 8 scor*$ & mutilat$ body4#aca4b ,simil>ly among ! ,papuans ( ,doreh 9 ,dut* ,new ,gu9ea1 :5 a murd] has be5 committ$ 9 ! village1 ! inhabitants assemble = sev]al ev5+s successively & %riek & %\t to fright5 away ! gho/1 9 case he %\ld attempt to come back4#aca4c ,! ,yabim1 a tribe 9 ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea1 believe t 8! dead c bo? help & h>m1 b ! fe> ( _! h>mful influ5ce is pr$om9ant4 ,especially ! p are ( op9ion t ! gho/ ( a sla9 man haunts 8 murd]] & br+s mis=tune on him4 ,h5ce x is necess>y to drive away ! gho/ ) %rieks & ! beat+ ( drums4 ,! model ( a canoe lad5 ) t>o & tobacco is got ready to facilitate 8 dep>ture40#aca4d ,s :5 ! ,bukaua ( ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea h won a victory ov] _! foes & h return$ home1 !y k9dle a fire 9 ! middle ( ! village & hurl blaz+ br&s 9 ! direction ( ! battle-field1 :ile at ! same "t !y make an e>-splitt+ d91 to keep at bay ! angry spirits ( ! sla94#aca4e ,:5 ! cannibal ,melanesians ( ! ,bism>ck ,ar*ipelago h eat5 a human body1 !y %\t1 bl[ horns1 %ake spe>s1 & beat ! bu%es = ! purpose ( driv+ away ! gho/ ( ! man or woman ^: fle% has j furni%$ ! banquet4#aca4f ,! ,fijians us$ to bury ! sick & ag$ alive1 #acb & hav+ done s !y always made a great upro> ) bamboos1 %ell-trumpets1 & s =? 9 ord] to sc>e away ! spirits ( ! buri$ p & prev5t !m f return+ to _! homes2 & by way ( remov+ any temptation to hov] ab\t _! =m] abodes !y dismantl$ ! h\ses ( ! dead & hung !m ) ev]y?+ t 9 _! eyes seem$ mo/ repulsive4#acb4a ,among ! ,angoni1 a ,zulu tribe settl$ to ! nor? ( ! ,zambesi1 w>riors :o h sla9 foes on an exp$ition sme> _! bodies & faces ) a%es1 & hang g>m5ts ( _! victims on _! p]sons4 ,?is co/ume !y we> = ?ree days aft] _! return1 & ris+ at break ( day !y run ?r\gh ! village utt]+ frightful yells to bani% ! gho/s ( ! sla91 :i* o!rwise might br+ sickness & mis=tune on ! p4#acb4b ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 aga9/ ! gho/s ( execut$ crim9als & o!r dang]\s p]sons4 ,9 ,travancore ! spirits ( m5 :o h di$ a viol5t dea? by dr[n+1 hang+1 or o!r means are suppos$ to become demons1 w&]+ ab\t to inflict injury 9 v>i\s ways ^u mank9d4 ,especially ! gho/s ( murd]]s :o h be5 hang$ are believ$ to haunt ! place ( execution & its neighb\rhood4 ,to prev5t ?is x us$ to be cu/om>y to cut (f ! crim9al's heels ) a sword or to ham/r+ him z he 0 turn$ (f4#acb4c ,! int5tion ( ?us mutilat+ ! body 0 no d\bt to prev5t ! gho/ f walk+4 ,h[ c\ld he walk if he 7 ham/rung or _h no heels8 ,) precisely ! same int5tion x has be5 cu/om>y ) "s peoples to maim 9 v>i\s ways ! dead bodies n only ( execut$ crim9als b ( o!r p]sons2 = all gho/s are m or less dread$4 ,:5 any bad man di$1 ! ,esquimaux ( ,b]+ ,/rait us$ 9 ! old days to cut ! s9ews ( 8 arms & legs 89 ord] to prev5t ! %ade f return+ to ! body & caus+ x to walk at night z a gh\l40#acb4d ,! ,omaha #acc ,indians said t :5 a man 0 kill$ by lightn+ he %\ld be buri$ face d[nw>ds1 & t ! soles ( 8 feet %\ld be slit2 = if ?is 7 n done1 8 gho/ w\ld walk4#acc4a ,! ,h]]o ( ,s\? ,africa ?9k t ! gho/s ( bad p appe> & are j z mis*iev\s z 9 life2 = !y rob1 /eal1 & s$uce wom5 & girls1 sometimes gett+ !m ) *ild4 ,to prev5t ! dead f play+ ^! pranks ! ,h]]o us$ to cut ?r\gh ! backbone ( ! corpse1 tie x up 9 a bun*1 & sew x into an ox-hide4#acc4b ,a simple way ( disabl+ a dang]\s gho/ is to dig up 8 body & decapitate x4 ,?is is done by ,we/ ,african negroes & also by ! ,arm5ians2 to make assurance d\bly sure ! ,arm5ians n only cut (f ! head b sma% x or /ick a ne$le into x or into ! dead man's he>t4#acc4c ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 9 ,india aga9/ ! gho/s ( wom5 :o die 9 pregnancy1 *ildb$1 or soon aft] x4 ,! ,h9doos ( ! ,punjaub believe t if a "m dies )9 ?irte5 days ( h] deliv]y1 %e w return 9 ! guise ( a malignant _s to torm5t h] husb& & family4 ,to prev5t ?is "s p drive nails ?r\gh h] head & eyes1 :ile o!rs also knock nails on ei!r side ( ! door ( ! h\se4#acc4d ,a g5tl] way ( atta9+ ! same end is to put a nail or a piece ( iron 9 ! clo!s ( ! poor dead "m1#acc4e or to knock nails into ! e>? r\nd ! places :]e %e di$1 & :]e h] dead body 0 wa%$ & cremat$4 ,"s p put pepp] 9 ! eyes ( ! corpse to prev5t ! gho/ f see+ h] way back to ! h\se4#acc4f ,9 ,bilaspore1 if a "m dies leav+ v "y *ildr51 !y tie h] h&s & feet be=e burial to prev5t h] f gett+ up by #acd night & go+ to see h] orphan$ little ones4#acd4a ,! ,oraons ( ,b5gal are firmly conv9c$ t any woman :o dies 9 pregnancy or *ildbir? becomes an evil & dang]\s _s 7bhut71 :o1 if /eps are n tak5 to keep h] (f1 w come back & tickle to dea? ^? :om %e lov$ be/ 9 life4 8,to prev5t h]1 !re=e1 f com+ back1 !y c>ry h] body z f> away z !y c1 b no woman w accompany h] to h] la/ re/+-place le/ simil> mis=tune %\ld happ5 to h]4 ,arriv$ at ! burial-place1 !y break ! feet above ! ankle1 twi/ !m r\nd1 br++ ! heels 9 front1 & !n drive long ?orns into !m4 ,!y bury h] v deep ) h] face d[nw>ds1 & ) h] !y bury ! bones ( a donkey1 & pron\nce ! ana!ma1 #8,if y come home may y turn into a donkey'2 ! roots ( a palm-tree are also buri$ ) h]2 & !y say1 #8,may y come home only :5 ! leaves ( ! palm-tree )]1' & :5 !y retire !y spread mu/>d se$s all along ! road say+1 #8,:5 y try to come home pick up all ^!4' ,!y !n feel pretty safe at home f h] nocturnal visits1 b woe to ! man :o passes at night ne> ! place :]e %e has be5 buri$4 ,%e w p\nce ^u him1 twi/ 8 neck1 & leave him s5seless on ! gr\nd1 until br\ght to by ! incantations ( a sorc]]40#acd4b ,among ! ,lu%ais ( ,assam1 :5 a woman di$ 9 *ildb$1 ! relatives (f] a sacrifice to h] dep>t$ s\l1 8b ! re/ ( t village treat ! day z a holiday & put a small gre5 bran* on ! wall ( ea* h\se on ! outside ne> ! doorpo/ to keep out ! _s ( ! dead woman40#acd4c ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 9 ,burma aga9/ ! gho/s ( wom5 :o die 9 pregnancy or *ildb$4 ,among ! ,%ans ( ,burma1 :5 a woman dies ) an unborn *ild1 x is believ$ t h] _s turns into a malignant gho/1 8:o may return to haunt h] husb&'s home & torm5t him1 unless precautions are tak5 to keep h] away4 ,to beg9 )1 h] unborn *ild is remov$ by an op]ation2 !n "m & *ild are wrapp$ 9 sep>ate mats & buri$ )\t c(f9s4 ,if ?is be n done1 ! same #ace mis=tune may occur aga9 to ! woman1 9 h] future life1 & ! wid[] w suff] f ! attacks ( ! gho/4 ,:5 ! bodies are be+ remov$ f ! h\se1 "p ( ! mat wall 9 ! side ( ! h\se is tak5 d[n1 & ! dead woman & h] baby are l[]$ to ! gr\nd ?r\gh ! ap]ture4 ,! hole ?r\gh :i* ! bodies h pass$ is imm$iately fill$ ) new mats1 s t ! gho/ may n "k h[ to return40#ace4a ,! ,ka*9s ( ,burma are s afraid ( ! gho/s ( wom5 dy+ 9 *ildb$ t no soon] has su* a dea? tak5 place ?an ! husb&1 ! *ildr51 & almo/ all ! p 9 ! h\se take to flight le/ ! gho/ %\ld bite !m4 ,!y b&age ! eyes ( ! dead woman ) h] own hair to prev5t h] f see+ any?+2 !y wrap ! corpse 9 a mat & c>ry x out ( ! h\se n by ! ord9>y door1 b by an op5+ made = ! purpose ei!r 9 ! wall or 9 ! floor ( ! room :]e %e brea!d h] la/4 ,!n !y convey ! body to a deep rav9e :]e foot ( man seldom p5etrates1 & !re1 hav+ heap$ h] clo!s1 h] jewell]y1 & all h] belong+s ov] h]1 !y set fire to ! pile & r$uce ! :ole to a%es4 8,?us !y de/roy all ! prop]ty ( ! un=tunate woman 9 ord] t h] s\l may n ?9k ( com+ to fet* x aft]w>ds & to bite ! p 9 ! attempt40 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 ! (ficiat+ prie/ scatt]s "s burnt gra9 ( a climb+ plant 7%mi571 ins]ts 9 ! e>? ! pe/le :i* ! dead woman us$ to husk ! rice1 & w9ds up ! exorcism by curs+ & rail+ at h] gho/1 say+3 8,wait to come back to u till ?is gra9 spr\ts & ?is pe/le blossoms1 till ! f]n be>s fruit1 & ! cocks lay eggs40 ,! h\se 9 :i* ! woman di$ is g5]ally pull$ d[n1 & ! timb] may only be us$ z firewood or to build small hovels 9 ! fields4 ,till a new h\se c be built = !m1 ! wid[] & ! orphans receive ! hospitality ( _! ne>e/ relatives1 a fa!r or a bro!r2 _! o!r fri5ds w\ld n d>e to receive !m f fe> ( ! gho/4 #acf ,occasionally ! dead "m's jewels are sp>$ f ! fire & giv5 away to "s poor old crones1 :o d n tr\ble _! heads ab\t gho/s4 ,if ! m$ic9e-man :o att5d$ ! woman 9 life & (ficiat$ at ! fun]al is old1 he may cons5t to accept ! jewels z ! fee = 8 s]vices2 b 9 t case no soon] has he got home ?an he puts ! jewels 9 ! h5h\se4 ,if ! h5s rema9 quiet1 x is a good om5 & he c keep ! tr9kets ) an easy m9d2 b if ! f[l flutt] & cackle1 x is a sign t ! gho/ is /ick+ to ! jewels1 & 9 a fright he re/ores !m to ! family4 ,! old man or old woman into ^: h&s ! tr9kets ( ! dead woman ?us sometimes fall _c dispose ( !m to o!r memb]s ( ! tribe2 = nobody :o kn[s :]e ! ?+s come f w\ld be s ra% z to buy !m4 ,h[ev]1 !y may f9d pur*as]s among ! ,%ans or ! ,*9ese1 :o d n fe> ,ka*9 gho/s4#acf4a ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 9 ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago aga9/ ! gho/s ( wom5 :o die 9 *ildb$4 ,! gho/s ( wom5 :o die 9 *ildb$ are mu* dread$ 9 ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago2 x is suppos$ t !y appe> 9 ! =m ( birds ) long claws & are exce$+ly dang]\s to _! husb&s & also to pregnant wom54 ,a common way ( gu>d+ aga9/ !m is to put an egg "u ea* armpit ( ! corpse1 to press ! arms close aga9/ ! body1 & to /ick ne$les 9 ! palms ( ! h&s4 ,! p believe t ! gho/ ( ! dead woman w be unable to fly & attack p2 = %e w n spread out h] arms = fe> ( lett+ ! eggs fall1 & %e w n clut* anybody = fe> ( driv+ ! ne$les deep] into h] palms4 ,sometimes by way ( additional precaution ano!r egg is plac$ "u h] *91 ?orns are ?ru/ into ! jo9ts ( h] f+]s & toes1 h] m\? is /opp$ ) a%es1 & h] h&s1 feet1 & hair are nail$ to ! c(f94#acf4b ,sid5ote3 ,attempts to lame & o!rwise disable gho/s4 ,"s ,sea ,dyaks ( ,borneo s[ ! gr\nd #acg ne> cemet]ies ) bits ( /icks to imitate caltrops1 9 ord] t ! feet ( any gho/s :o walk ov] !m may be lam$4#acg4a ,! ,besisi ( ! ,malay ,p59sula bury _! dead 9 ! gr\nd & let fall knives on ! grave to prev5t ! gho/ f gett+ up out ( x4#acg4b ,! ,tunguses ( ,turukhansk on ! contr>y put _! dead up 9 trees1 & !n lop (f all ! bran*es to prev5t ! gho/ f scrambl+ d[n & giv+ !m *ase4#acg4c ,! ,h]b]t ,riv] natives 9 ,que5sl& us$ to cut holes 9 ! /oma*1 %\ld]s1 & lungs ( _! dead & fill ! holes ) /ones1 9 ord] t1 weigh$ d[n ) ?is balla/1 ! gho/ might n /ray f> afield2 to limit 8 range /ill fur!r !y commonly broke 8 legs4#acg4d ,o!r ,au/ralian blacks put hot coals 9 ! e>s ( _! dep>t$ bro!r2 ?is keeps ! gho/ 9 ! body = a "t1 & all[s ! relations to get a good />t away f him4 ,also !y b>k ! trees 9 a circle r\nd ! spot1 s t :5 ! gho/ does get out & makes aft] !m1 he w&]s r\nd & r\nd 9 a circle1 always return+ to ! place f :i* he />t$4#acg4e ,! anci5t ,h9doos put fett]s on ! feet ( _! dead t !y might n return to ! l& ( ! liv+4#acg4f ,! ,t9neh ,indians ( ,alaska grease ! h&s ( a corpse1 s t :5 8 gho/ grabs at p's s\ls to c>ry !m #ach (f ) him !y slip ?r\gh 8 greasy f+]s & escape4#ach4a ,sid5ote3 ,! way home b>ricad$ aga9/ gho/s4 ,"s peoples b> ! road f ! grave to prev5t ! gho/ f foll[+ !m4 ,! ,tunguses make ! b>ri] ( sn[ or trees4#ach4b ,among/ ! ,mang>s1 "o ( ! fight+ tribes ( ,nepal1 8:5 ! m\rn]s return home1 "o ( _! p>ty goes ahead & makes a b>ricade ( ?orn bu%es across ! road midway betwe5 ! grave & ! h\se ( ! deceas$4 ,on ! top ( ! ?orns he puts a big /one on :i* he takes 8 /&1 hold+ a pot ( burn+ inc5se 9 8 left h& & "s wooll5 ?read 9 8 "r4 ,"o by "o ! m\rn]s /ep on ! /one & pass ?r\gh ! smoke ( ! inc5se to ! o!r side ( ! ?orny b>ri]4 ,z !y pass1 ea* takes a piece ( ?read f ! man :o holds ! inc5se & ties x r\nd 8 neck4 ,! object ( ?is curi\s c]emony is to prev5t ! _s ( ! dead man f com+ home ) ! m\rn]s & e/abli%+ itself 9 its old haunts4 ,conceiv$ ( z a m9iature man1 x is believ$ to be unable to make its way on foot ?r\gh ! ?orns1 :ile ! smell ( ! inc5se1 to :i* all spirits are highly s5sitive1 prev5ts x f surm\nt+ ?is ob/acle on ! %\ld]s ( "o ( ! m\rn]s40#ach4c ,! ,*9s ( ,burma burn _! dead & collect ! bones 9 an e>!n pot4 ,aft]w>ds1 at a conv5i5t season1 ! pot conta9+ ! bones is c>ri$ away to ! ance/ral burial-place1 :i* is g5]ally situat$ 9 ! dep? ( ! jungle4 8,:5 ! p convey ! pot ( bones to ! cemet]y1 !y take ) !m "s cotton-y>n1 & :5ev] !y come to any /ream or o!r wat]1 !y /ret* a ?read across1 :]eby ! _s ( ! deceas$1 :o accompanies !m1 may get across x too4 ,:5 !y h duly deposit$ ! bones & food = ! _s 9 ! cemet]y !y return home1 #aci aft] bidd+ ! _s to rema9 !re1 & n to foll[ !m back to ! village4 ,at ! same "t !y block ! way by :i* !y return by putt+ a bamboo across ! pa?40#aci4a ,?us ! m\rn]s make ! way to ! grave z easy z possible = ! gho/1 b ob/ruct ! way by :i* he might return f x4 ,sid5ote3 ,devices ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians to keep gho/s at bay4 ,! ,algonqu9 ,indians1 n cont5t ) beat+ ! walls ( _! huts to drive away ! gho/1 /ret*$ nets r\nd !m 9 ord] to cat* ! _s 9 ! me%es1 if he attempt$ to ent] ! h\se4 ,o!rs made /9ks to keep him (f4#aci4b ,! ,ojebways also resort$ to a numb] ( devices = w>d+ (f ! spirits ( ! dead4 ,^! h be5 describ$ z foll[s by a writ] :o 0 himself an ,ojebway3 8,if ! deceas$ 0 a husb&1 x is (t5 ! cu/om = ! wid[1 aft] ! burial is ov]1 to spr+ or leap ov] ! grave1 & !n run zigzag beh9d ! trees1 z if %e 7 flee+ f "s "o4 ,?is is call$ runn+ away f ! _s ( h] husb&1 t x may n haunt h]4 ,9 ! ev5+ ( ! day on :i* ! burial has tak5 place1 :5 x beg9s to gr[ d>k1 ! m5 fire (f _! guns ?r\gh ! hole left at ! top ( ! wigwam4 ,z soon z ?is fir+ ceases1 ! old wom5 comm5ce knock+ & mak+ su* a rattl+ at ! door z w\ld fright5 away any _s t w\ld d>e to hov] ne>4 ,! next c]emony is1 to cut into n>r[ /rips1 l ribbon1 ?9 bir* b>k4 ,^! !y fold into %apes1 & hang r\nd inside ! wigwam1 s t ! lea/ puff ( w9d w move !m4 ,) su* sc>ecr[s z ^!1 :at _s w\ld v5ture to di/urb _! slumb]s8 ,le/ ?is %\ld n prove effectual1 !y w also frequ5tly take a de]'s tail1 & aft] burn+ or s+e+ (f all ! hair1 w rub ! necks or faces ( ! *ildr5 be=e !y lie d[n to sleep1 ?9k+ t ! (f5sive smell w be ano!r prev5tive to ! _s's entrance4 ,i well rememb] :5 ,i us$ to be daub$ ov] ) ?is disagreeable fumigation1 & _h great fai? 9 x all4 ,?9k+ t ! s\l l+]s ab\t ! body a long "t be=e x #adj takes its f9al dep>ture1 !y use ^! means to ha/5 x away40#adj4a ,sid5ote3 ,spirits ( ! dead greatly fe>$ by ! ,l5gua ,indians ( ! ,gran ,*aco4 ,! ,l5gua ,indians ( ! ,gran ,*aco 9 ,s\? ,am]ica live 9 great fe> ( ! spirits ( _! dead4 ,!y imag9e t any "o ( ^! disembodi$ spirits c become inc>nate aga9 & take a new lease ( life on e>?1 if only x c contrive to get possession ( a liv+ man's body dur+ ! tempor>y abs5ce ( 8 s\l4 ,= l _m o!r savages !y imag9e t ! s\l abs5ts itself f ! body dur+ sleep to w&] f> away 9 ! l& ( dreams4 ,s :5 night falls1 ! gho/s ( ! dead come cr[d+ to ! villages & lurk ab\t1 hop+ to f9d vacant bodies into :i* !y c ent]4 ,su* are to ! ?9k+ ( ! ,l5gua ,indian ! p]ils & dang]s ( ! night4 ,:5 he awakes 9 ! morn+ f a dream 9 :i* he seem$ to be hunt+ or fi%+ f> away1 he concludes t 8 s\l _c yet h return$ f su* a f> j\rney1 & t ! _s )9 him mu/ !re=e be "s gho/ or demon1 :o has tak5 possession ( 8 corporeal t5em5t 9 ! abs5ce ( its prop] own]4 ,& if ^! ,indians dread ! spirits ( ! dep>t$ at all times1 !y dread !m d\bly at ! mom5t :5 !y h j %uffl$ (f ! mortal coil4 ,no soon] has a p]son di$ ?an ! :ole village is des]t$4 ,ev5 if ! dea? takes place %ortly be=e sunset ! place mu/ at all co/s be imm$iately ab&on$1 le/ ) ! %ades ( night ! gho/ %\ld return & d a mis*ief to ! villag]s4 ,n only is ! village des]t$1 b e hut is burn$ d[n & ! prop]ty ( ! dead man de/roy$4 ,= ^! ,indians believe t1 h[ev] good & k9d a man may h be5 9 8 lifetime1 8 gho/ is always a s\rce ( dang] to ! peace & prosp]ity ( ! liv+4 ,! night aft] 8 dea? 8 disembodi$ _s comes back to ! village1 & *ill$ by ! cool night air looks ab\t = a fire at :i* to w>m himself4 ,he rakes 9 ! a%es to f9d at lea/ a hot coal :i* he may bl[ up into a flame4 ,b if !y are all cold & dead1 he fl+s a h&ful ( !m 9 ! air #ada & dep>ts 9 dudgeon4 ,any ,indian :o treads on su* a%es w h ill-luck1 if n dea?1 foll[+ at 8 heels4 ,to prev5t su* mi%aps ! villag]s take ! greate/ pa9s to collect & bury all ! a%-heaps be=e !y ab&on ! village4 ,:at ! fate ( a hamlet w\ld be 9 :i* ! return+ gho/ f\nd ! inhabitants /ill among _! h\ses1 no ,indian d>es to imag9e4 ,h5ce x happ5s t _m a village :i* 0 full ( life at noon is a smok+ des]t at sunset4 ,& z ! ,l5guas ascribe all sickness to ! ma*9ations ( evil spirits & sorc]]s1 !y mutilate ! p]sons ( _! dy+ or dead 9 ord] to c\nt]act & puni% ! au?ors ( ! disease4 ,= ?is purpose !y cut (f ! portion ( ! body 9 :i* ! evil _s is suppos$ to h ensconc$ himself4 ,a common op]ation p]=m$ on ! dy+ or dead man is ?is4 ,a ga% is made ) a knife 9 8 side1 ! edges ( ! w\nd are drawn ap>t ) ! f+]s1 & 9 ! w\nd are deposit$ a dog's bone1 a /one1 & ! claw ( an armadillo4 ,x is believ$ t at ! dep>ture ( ! s\l f ! body ! /one w rise up to ! ,milky ,way & w /ay !re till ! au?or ( ! dea? has be5 discov]$4 ,!n ! /one w come %oot+ d[n 9 ! %ape ( a meteor & kill1 or at lea/ /un1 ! guilty p>ty4 ,t is :y ^! ,indians /& 9 t]ror ( fall+ />s4 ,! claw ( ! armadillo s]ves to grub up ! e>? &1 9 conjunction ) ! meteor1 to ensure ! de/ruction ( ! evil _s or ! sorc]]4 ,:at ! virtue ( ! dog's bone is suppos$ to be has n yet be5 asc]ta9$ by ! mission>ies4#ada4a ,sid5ote3 ,a scapegoat = gho/s4 ,! ,bhotias1 :o inhabit ! ,himalayan di/rict ( ,briti% ,india1 p]=m an elaborate c]emony = transf]r+ ! _s ( a deceas$ p]son to an animal1 :i* is f9ally beat5 by all ! villag]s & driv5 away1 t x may n come back4 ,hav+ ?us expell$ ! gho/ ! #adb p return joyfully to ! village ) songs & dances4 ,9 "s places ! animal :i* ?us s]ves z a scapegoat is a yak1 ! =ehead1 back1 & tail ( :i* mu/ be :ite4 ,b else:]e1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,h9dooism1 %eep & goats h be5 sub/itut$ = yaks4#adb4a ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 by wid[s 9 ,africa aga9/ _! husb&s' gho/s4 ,wid[s & wid[]s are especially obnoxi\s to ! gho/s ( _! deceas$ sp\ses1 & accord+ly !y h to take special precautions aga9/ !m4 ,= example1 among ! ,ewe negroes ( ,agome1 9 ,g]man ,togol&1 a wid[ is b\nd to rema9 = six weeks 9 ! hut :]e h] husb& lies buri$4 ,%e is nak$1 h] hair is %av$ (f1 & %e is arm$ ) a /ick ) :i* to repel ! too press+ famili>ities ( h] husb&'s gho/2 = 7 %e to submit to !m1 %e w\ld die on ! spot4 ,at night %e sleeps ) ! /ick "u h]1 le/ ! wily gho/ %\ld attempt to /eal x f h] 9 ! h\rs ( slumb]4 ,be=e %e eats or dr9ks %e always puts "s coals on ! food or 9 ! bev]age1 to prev5t h] dead husb& f eat+ or dr9k+ ) h]2 = if he did s1 %e w\ld die4 ,if any "o calls to h]1 %e may n answ]1 = h] dead husb& w\ld he> h]1 & %e w\ld die4 ,%e may n eat beans or fle% or fi%1 nor dr9k palm-w9e or rum1 b %e is all[$ to smoke tobacco4 ,at night a fire is kept up 9 ! hut1 & ! wid[ ?r[s p[d]$ pepp]m9t leaves & r$ pepp] on ! flames to make a /9k1 :i* helps to keep ! gho/ f ! h\se4#adb4b ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 by wid[s & wid[]s 9 ,briti% ,columbia aga9/ ! gho/s ( _! sp\ses4 ,among _m tribes ( ,briti% ,columbia ! conduct ( a wid[ & a wid[] = a long "t aft] ! dea? ( _! sp\se is regulat$ by a code ( m9ute & burd5some re/rictions1 all ( :i* appe> to be bas$ on ! notion t ^! p]sons1 be+ haunt$ by ! gho/1 are n only !mselves 9 p]il1 b are also a s\rce ( dang] to o!rs4 ,?us among ! ,%u%wap ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia wid[s & wid[]s f5ce _! b$s ) ?orn bu%es to keep (f ! gho/ ( ! deceas$2 inde$ !y #adc lie on su* bu%es1 9 ord] t ! gho/ may be "u little temptation to %>e _! b$ ( ?orns4 ,!y mu/ build a sweat-h\se on a creek1 sweat !re all night1 & ba! regul>ly 9 ! creek1 aft] :i* !y mu/ rub _! bodies ) spruce bran*es4 ,^! bran*es may be us$ only once = ?is purpose2 aft]w>ds !y are /uck 9 ! gr\nd all r\nd ab\t ! hut1 probably to f5ce (f ! gho/4 ,! m\rn]s mu/ also use cups & cook+ vessels ( _! own1 & !y may n t\* _! own heads or bodies4 ,hunt]s may n g ne> !m1 & any p]son on :om _! %ad[ 7 to fall w\ld at once be ill4#adc4a ,aga91 among ! ,tsetsaut ,indians1 :5 a man dies 8 bro!r is b\nd to m>ry ! wid[1 b he may n d s be=e ! lapse ( a c]ta9 "t1 because x is believ$ t ! dead man's gho/ haunts 8 wid[ & w\ld d a mis*ief to 8 liv+ rival4 ,dur+ ! "t ( h] m\rn+ ! wid[ eats out ( a /one di%1 c>ries a pebble 9 h] m\?1 & a crab-apple /ick up ! back ( h] jacket4 ,%e sits upright day & night4 ,any p]son :o crosses ! hut 9 front ( h] is a dead man4 ,! re/rictions laid on a wid[] are simil>4#adc4b ,among ! ,lkung5 or ,songi% ,indians1 9 ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 wid[ & wid[]1 aft] ! dea? ( husb& or wife1 are =bidd5 to cut _! hair1 z o!rwise x is believ$ t !y w\ld ga9 too great p[] ov] ! s\ls & welf>e ( o!rs4 ,!y mu/ rema9 alone at _! fire = a long "t & are =bidd5 to m+le ) o!r p4 ,:5 !y eat1 nobody may see !m4 ,!y mu/ keep _! faces cov]$ = t5 days4 ,= two days aft] ! burial !y fa/ & are n all[$ to speak4 ,aft] t !y may speak a little1 b be=e address+ any "o !y mu/ g into ! woods & clean !mselves 9 ponds & ) c$>-bran*es4 ,if !y wi% to h>m an enemy !y call out 8 "n :5 !y fir/ break _! fa/1 & !y bite v h>d 9 eat+4 ,t is believ$ to kill _! enemy1 probably 7?\gh ?is is n said7 by direct+ ! #add att5tion ( ! gho/ to him4 ,!y may n g ne> ! wat] nor eat fre% salmon1 or ! fi% might be driv5 away4 ,!y may n eat w>m food1 else _! tee? w\ld fall out4#add4a ,among ! ,bella ,coola ,indians ! b$ ( a m\rn] is protect$ aga9/ ! gho/ ( ! deceas$ by ?orn-bu%es /uck into ! gr\nd at ea* corn]4 ,he rises e>ly 9 ! morn+ & goes out into ! woods1 :]e he makes a squ>e ) ?orn-bu%es1 & inside ( ?is squ>e1 :]e he is probably suppos$ to be safe f ! intrusion ( ! gho/1 he cleanses himself by rubb+ 8 body ) c$>-bran*es4 ,he also swims 9 ponds1 & aft] swimm+ he cleaves f\r small trees & creeps ?r\gh ! clefts1 foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! sun4 ,?is he does on f\r subsequ5t morn+s1 cleav+ new trees e day4 ,we may surmise t ! int5tion ( creep+ ?r\gh ! cleft trees is to give ! slip to ! gho/4 ,! m\rn] also cuts 8 hair %ort1 & ! cut hair is burnt4 ,if he did n obs]ve ^! regulations1 x is believ$ t he w\ld dream ( ! deceas$1 :i* to ! savage m9d is ano!r way ( say+ t he w\ld be visit$ by 8 gho/4 ,among/ ^! ,indians ! rules ( m\rn+ = a wid[] or wid[ are especially /rict4 ,= f\r days he or %e mu/ fa/ & may n speak a ^w1 else ! dead wife or husb& w\ld come & lay a cold h& on ! m\? ( ! (f5d]1 :o w\ld die4 ,!y may n g ne> wat] & are =bidd5 to cat* or eat salmon = a :ole ye>4 ,dur+ t "t also !y may n eat fre% h]r+ or c&le-fi% 7ola*574 ,_! %ad[s are deem$ unlucky & may n fall on any p]son4#add4b ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 by wid[s & wid[]s among ! ,?ompson ,indians4 ,among ! ,?ompson ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia wid[s or wid[]s1 on ! dea? ( _! husb&s or wives1 w5t out at once & pass$ ?r\gh a pat* ( rose-bu%es f\r times4 ,! int5tion ( ?is c]emony is n report$1 b we may conjecture t x 0 suppos$ to det] ! gho/ f foll[+ = fe> ( scrat*+ himself or h]self on ! ?orns4 ,= f\r days aft] ! dea? wid[s & #ade wid[]s _h to w&] ab\t at ev5+ or break ( day wip+ _! eyes ) fir-twigs1 :i* !y hung up 9 ! bran*es ( trees1 pray+ to ! ,dawn4 ,!y also rubb$ _! eyes ) a small /one tak5 f "u runn+ wat]1 !n ?rew x away1 :ile !y pray$ t !y might n become bl9d4 ,! fir/ f\r days !y might n t\* _! food1 b ate ) %>p-po9t$ /icks1 & spat out ! fir/ f\r m\?fuls ( ea* meal1 & ! fir/ f\r ( wat]1 into ! fire4 ,= a ye> !y _h to sleep on a b$ made ( fir-bran*es1 on :i* rose-bu% /icks 7 also spread at ! foot1 head1 & middle4 ,_m also wore a few small twigs ( rose-bu% on _! p]sons4 ,! use ( ! rose-bu% 0 no d\bt to keep (f ! gho/ ?r\gh fe> ( ! prickles4 ,!y 7 =bidd5 to eat fre% fi% & fle% ( any k9d = a ye>4 ,a wid[] might n fi% at ano!r man's fi%+-place or ) ano!r man's net4 ,if he did1 x w\ld make ! /ation & ! net useless = ! season4 ,if a wid[] transplant$ a tr\t into ano!r lake1 be=e releas+ x he blew on ! head ( ! fi%1 & aft] *ew+ de]-fat1 he spat "s ( ! grease out on its head1 s z to remove ! baneful effect ( 8 t\*4 ,!n he let x g1 bidd+ ! fi% f>ewell1 & ask+ x to propagate its k9d4 ,any grass or bran*es ^u :i* a wid[ or wid[] sat or lay d[n )]$ up4 ,if a wid[ 7 to break /icks or bran*es1 h] own h&s or arms w\ld break4 ,%e might n cook food nor fet* wat] = h] *ildr51 nor let !m lie d[n on h] b$1 nor %\ld %e lie or sit :]e !y slept4 ,"s wid[s wore a bree*-clo? made ( dry bun*-grass = sev]al days1 le/ ! gho/ ( h] dead husb& %\ld h connexion ) h]4 ,a wid[] might n fi% or hunt1 because x 0 unlucky bo? = him & = o!r hunt]s4 ,he did n all[ 8 %ad[ to pass 9 front ( ano!r wid[] or ( any p]son :o 0 suppos$ to be gift$ ) m k or magic ?an ord9>y4#ade4a ,among ! ,lillooet ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia ! rules enjo9$ on wid[s & wid[]s 7 some:at simil>4 ,b a wid[] _h to obs]ve a #adf s+ul> cu/om 9 eat+4 ,he ate 8 food ) ! "r h& pass$ und]nea? 8 "r leg1 ! knee ( :i* 0 rais$4#adf4a ,! motive = convey+ food to 8 m\? 9 ?is r\ndab\t fa%ion is n m5tion$3 we may conjecture t x 0 to baffle ! hungry gho/1 :o might be suppos$ to wat* e m\?ful swall[$ by ! m\rn]1 b :o c\ld h>dly suspect t food pass$ "u ! knee 0 int5d$ to rea* ! m\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,precautions tak5 by wid[s & wid[]s among ! ,kwakiutl ,indians4 ,among ! ,kwakiutl ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia we are told 8! regulations ref]r+ to ! m\rn+ p]iod are v sev]e4 ,9 case ( ! dea? ( husb& or wife1 ! survivor has to obs]ve ! foll[+ rules3 = f\r days aft] ! dea? ! survivor mu/ sit motionless1 ! knees drawn up t[>d ! *94 ,on ! ?ird day all ! inhabitants ( ! village1 includ+ *ildr51 mu/ take a ba?4 ,on ! f\r? day "s wat] is heat$ 9 a wood5 kettle1 & ! wid[ or wid[] drips x ^u 8 head4 ,:5 he becomes tir$ ( sitt+ motionless1 & mu/ move1 he ?9ks ( 8 enemy1 /ret*es 8 legs sl[ly f\r times1 & draws !m up aga94 ,!n 8 enemy mu/ die4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ sixte5 days he mu/ rema9 on ! same spot1 b he may /ret* out 8 legs4 ,he is n all[$1 h[ev]1 to move 8 h&s4 ,nobody mu/ speak to him1 & :osoev] disobeys ?is comm& w be puni%$ by ! dea? ( "o ( 8 relatives4 ,e f\r? day he takes a ba?4 ,he is f$ twice a day by an old woman at ! "t ( l[ wat]1 ) salmon caught 9 ! prec$+ ye>1 & giv5 to him 9 ! di%es & spoons ( ! deceas$4 ,:ile sitt+ s 8 m9d is w&]+ to & fro4 ,he sees 8 h\se & 8 fri5ds z ?\gh f>1 f> away4 ,if 9 8 visions he sees a man ne> by1 ! latt] is sure to die at no di/ant day2 if he sees him v f> away1 he w cont9ue to live long4 ,aft] ! sixte5 days h pass$1 he may lie d[n1 b n /ret* out4 ,he takes a ba? e eigh? day4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ mon? he takes (f 8 clo?+1 & dresses ! /ump ( a tree ) x4 ,aft] ano!r mon? has pass$ he may sit 9 a corn] #adg ( ! h\se1 b = f\r mon?s he mu/ n m+le ) o!rs4 ,he mu/ n use ! h\se door1 b a sep>ate door is cut = 8 use4 ,be=e he leaves ! h\se = ! fir/ "t he mu/ ?ree times approa* ! door & return1 !n he may leave ! h\se4 ,aft] t5 mon?s 8 hair is cut %ort1 & aft] a ye> ! m\rn+ is at an end40#adg4a ,?\gh ! reasons = ! elaborate re/rictions ?us impos$ on wid[s & wid[]s by ! ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia are n always /at$1 we may safely inf] t "o & all !y are dictat$ by fe> ( ! gho/1 :o1 haunt+ ! surviv+ sp\se1 surr\nds him or h] ) a dang]\s atmosph]e1 a contagion ( dea?1 :i* necessitates 8 seclusion bo? f ! p !mselves & f ! pr9cipal s\rces ( _! food supply1 especially f ! fi%]ies1 le/ ! infect$ p]son %\ld poison !m by 8 malignant pres5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,social o/racism ( wid[]s 9 ,new ,gu9ea dictat$ by fe> ( ! gho/s ( _! dead wives4 ,we c1 !re=e1 und]/& ! extraord9>y treatm5t ( a wid[] by ! ,papuans ( ,iss\dun 9 ,briti% ,new ,gu9ea4 ,8 mis]ies beg9 ) ! mom5t ( 8 wife's dea?4 ,he is imm$iately /ripp$ ( all 8 ornam5ts1 abus$ & beat5 by 8 wife's relations1 8 h\se is pillag$1 8 g>d5s deva/at$1 !re is no "o to cook = him4 ,he sleeps on 8 wife's grave till ! end ( 8 m\rn+4 ,he may nev] m>ry aga94 ,by ! dea? ( 8 wife he loses all 8 rights4 ,x is civil dea? = him4 ,old or "y1 *ief or plebeian1 he is no long] anybody1 he does n c\nt4 ,he may n hunt or fi% ) ! o!rs2 8 pres5ce w\ld br+ mis=tune2 ! _s ( 8 dead wife w\ld fright5 ! fi% or ! game4 ,he is no long] he>d 9 ! discussions4 ,he has no voice 9 ! c\ncil ( eld]s4 ,he may n take "p 9 a dance2 he may n own a g>d54 ,if "o ( 8 *ildr5 m>ries1 he has no "r to int]f]e 9 any?+ or receive any pres5t4 ,if he 7 dead1 he c\ld n be ignor$ m completely4 ,he has become a nocturnal animal4 ,he is =bidd5 to %ew himself 9 public1 to trav]se ! village1 to walk 9 ! roads & pa?s4 ,l a bo>1 he mu/ g 9 ! grass or #adh ! bu%es4 ,if he he>s or sees any "o1 especially a woman1 com+ f af>1 he mu/ hide himself beh9d a tree or a ?icket4 ,if he wi%es to g hunt+ or fi%+ by himself1 he mu/ g at night4 ,if he has to consult any "o1 ev5 ! mission>y1 he does x 9 great secrecy & by night4 ,he seems to h lo/ 8 voice1 & only speaks 9 a :isp]4 ,he is pa9t$ black f head to foot4 ,! hair ( 8 head is %av$1 except two tufts :i* flutt] on 8 temples4 ,he we>s a skull-cap :i* cov]s 8 head completely to ! e>s2 x ends 9 a po9t at ! back ( 8 neck4 ,r\nd 8 wai/ he we>s "o1 two1 or ?ree sa%es ( plait$ grass2 8 arms & legs f ! knees to ! ankles are cov]$ ) armlets & leglets ( ! same sort2 & r\nd 8 neck he we>s a simil> ornam5t4 ,8 diet is /rictly regulat$1 b he does n obs]ve x m ?an he c help1 eat+ 9 secret :atev] is giv5 him or he c lay 8 h&s on4 8,8 tomahawk accompanies him ev]y:]e & always4 ,he ne$s x to def5d himself aga9/ ! wild bo>s & also aga9/ ! _s ( 8 dead wife1 :o might take a fancy to come & play him "s mis*iev\s prank2 = ! s\ls ( ! dead come back (t5 & _! visit is f> f be+ desir$1 inasmu* z all ! spirits )\t exception are bad & h no pleasure b 9 h>m+ ! liv+4 ,happily p c keep !m at bay by a /ick1 fire1 an arr[1 or a tomahawk4 ,! condition ( a wid[]1 f> f excit+ pity or compassion1 only s]ves to r5d] him ! object ( horror & fe>4 ,almo/ all wid[]s1 9 fact1 h ! reputation ( be+ m or less sorc]]s1 & _! mode ( life is n fitt$ to give ! lie to public op9ion4 ,!y are =c$ to become idl]s & ?ieves1 s9ce !y are =bidd5 to "w3 no "w1 no g>d5s2 no g>d5s1 no food3 /eal !n !y mu/1 & t is a trade :i* _c be pli$ )\t "s audacity & knav]y at a p9*40#adh4a ,sid5ote3 ,! widespread fe> ( gho/s among mank9d has probably _h ! effect ( mak+ m5 less ready to take ea* o!r's lives4 ,x w\ld be easy1 b sup]flu\s1 to multiply evid5ce ( ! t]ror :i* a belief 9 gho/s has spread among mank9d1 & ( ! consequ5ces1 sometimes tragical1 sometimes #adi ludicr\s1 :i* t belief has br\ght 9 its tra94#adi4a ,! prec$+ in/ances may suffice = my purpose1 :i* is m]ely to indicate ! probability t ?is widespread sup]/ition has s]v$ a useful purpose by enhanc+ ! sacr$ness ( human life4 ,= x is reasonable to suppose t m5 are m lo? to spill ! blood ( _! fell[s :5 !y believe t by s do+ !y expose !mselves to ! v5geance ( an angry & p[]ful _s :om x is difficult ei!r to evade or to deceive4 ,=tunately 9 ?is matt] we are n left :olly to conjecture4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 ,*9a ! fai? 9 ! p[] ( gho/s is univ]sal4 ,9 ! va/ empire ( ,*9a1 z we are assur$ by ! be/ liv+ au?ority on ,*9ese religion1 ! fe> ( gho/s has actually produc$ ?is salut>y result4 ,among/ ! ,*9ese ! fai? 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! dead1 9 _! p[] to rew>d k9dness & av5ge injury1 is univ]sal & invet]ate2 x has be5 h&$ d[n f an immemorial pa/1 & x is n\ri%$ 9 ! exp]i5ce1 or r 9 ! m9d1 ( ev]ybody by hundr$s ( gho/ /ories1 all ( :i* are accept$ z au!ntic4 ,nobody d\bts t gho/s may int]f]e at any mom5t = good or evil 9 ! bus9ess ( life1 9 ! regulation ( human de/9y4 ,to ! ,*9ese _! dead are n :at our dead are to mo/ ( u1 a dim sad memory1 a %ad[y congregation some:]e f> away1 to :om we may g 9 "t1 b :o _c come to u or ex]cise any influ5ce on ! l& ( ! liv+4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,*9ese ! dead n only exi/ b keep up a mo/ lively int]c\rse1 an active int]*ange ( good & evil1 ) ! survivors4 ,!re is1 inde$1 ev5 9 ,*9a1 a l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 m5 & spirits1 betwe5 ! liv+ & ! dead1 b x is said to be v fa9t1 almo/ imp]ceptible4 ,?is p]petual comm]ce betwe5 ! two worlds1 ! mat]ial & ! spiritual1 is a s\rce bo? ( bane & ( bless+3 ! spirits ( ! dep>t$ rule human de/9y ) a rod ( iron or ( gold4 ,f !m man has ev]y?+ to hope1 b also mu* to fe>4 ,h5ce z a natural consequ5ce x is to ! gho/s1 to ! s\ls ( ! dead1 t ! ,*9aman #aej pays 8 devotions2 x is ar\nd _! de> or dreadful figures z a c5tre t 8 religion revolves4 ,to ensure _! goodwill & help1 to av]t _! wra? & fi]ce attacks1 t is ! fir/ & ! la/ object ( 8 religi\s c]emonies4#aej4a ,sid5ote3 ,9 ,*9a respect = human life is en=c$ by fe> ( gho/s4 ,?is fai? ( ! ,*9ese 9 ! exi/5ce & p[] ( ! dead1 we are in=m$1 8indubitably ex]cises a mighty & salut>y influ5ce ^u morals4 ,x en=ces respect = human life & a *>itable treatm5t ( ! infirm1 ! ag$ & ! sick1 especially if !y /& on ! br9k ( ! grave4 ,b5evol5ce & humanity1 ?us bas$ on fe>s & selfi%ness1 may h little e?ical value 9 our eye2 b = all t1 _! exi/5ce 9 a c\ntry :]e culture has n yet taught man to cultivate good = ! sake ( good alone1 may be greet$ z a bless+4 ,^? virtues are ev5 ext5d$ to animals1 =1 9 fact1 ^! too h s\ls :i* may "w v5geance or br+ rew>d4 ,b ! firm belief 9 gho/s & _! retributive ju/ice has /ill o!r effects4 ,x det]s f griev\s & provok+ inju/ice1 because ! wrong$ p>ty1 ?or\ghly sure ( ! av5g+ p[] ( 8 own _s :5 disembodi$1 w n always %r9k f conv]t+ himself into a wra?ful gho/ by committ+ suicide10 9 ord] to wreak 9 dea? t v5geance on 8 oppressor :i* he c\ld n exact 9 life4 ,cases ( suicide committ$ ) ?is int5tion are said to be f> f r>e 9 ,*9a4#aej4b 8,?is simple complex ( t5ets10 says ,pr(essor de ,groot1 8lays disrespect = human lives "u great re/ra9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! fe> ( gho/s acts z a *eck on ! practice ( infanticide4 ,mo/ salut>ily also !y "w ^u female infanticide1 a mon/r\s cu/om practis$ ext5sively among ! poor 9 ,amoy & ! surr\nd+ f>m+ di/ricts1 z 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ! ,empire4 ,! fe> t ! s\ls ( ! murd]$ little ones may br+ mis=tune1 induces _m a fa!r or "m to lay ! girls !y are unwill+ to br+ up1 9 ! /reet = adoption into "s family or into a f\ndl+-hospital40 ,humane & well-to-d p take advantage ( ^! sup]/iti\s fe>s to inculcate a m]ciful treatm5t ( female infants2 = !y pr9t & circulate gratuit\sly tracts :i* set =? _m gruesome #aea examples ( puni%m5ts inflict$ ^u unnatural fa!rs & mo!rs by ! gho/s ( _! murd]$ daught]s4 ,^! highly-col\r$ n>ratives1 ?\gh !y be> all ! m>ks ( a florid fancy1 are said to answ] _! b5evol5t purpose p]fectly2 = !y s9k deep into ! cr$ul\s m9ds to :i* !y are address$3 !y t\* ! se>$ consci5ce & ! call\s he>t :i* no appeal to m]e natural affection c\ld move to pity4#aea4a ,sid5ote3 ,! fe> ( gho/s op]ates 9 a tw(old way to en=ce respect = human life3 x furni%es ! individual ) a motive = ab/a9+ f murd]1 & x furni%es ! community ) a motive = puni%+ ! murd]]4 ,b :ile ! fe> ( ! gho/ has ?us op]at$ directly to enhance ! sanctity ( human life by det]r+ ! cruel1 ! passionate1 & ! malignant f ! %$d+ ( blood1 x has op]at$ also indirectly to br+ ab\t ! same salut>y result4 ,= n only does ! hag-ridd5 murd]] himself dread 8 victim's gho/1 b ! :ole community1 z we h se51 dreads x also & believes itself endang]$ by ! murd]]'s pres5ce1 s9ce ! wra?ful _s :i* pursues him may turn on o!r p & r5d !m4 ,h5ce society has a /rong motive = seclud+1 bani%+1 or ext]m9at+ ! culprit 9 ord] to free itself f :at x believes to be an imm95t dang]1 a p]il\s pollution1 a contagion ( dea?4#aea4b ,to put x 9 ano!r way1 ! community has an int]e/ 9 puni%+ homicide4 ,n t ! treatm5t ( homicides by ! tribe or /ate 0 orig9ally conceiv$ z a puni%m5t inflict$ on !m3 r x 0 view$ z a measure ( self-def5ce1 a moral qu>ant9e1 a process ( spiritual purification & dis9fection1 an exorcism4 ,x 0 a mode ( cleans+ ! p g5]ally & sometimes ! homicide himself f ! gho/ly infection1 :i* to ! primitive m9d appe>s to be some?+ mat]ial & tangible1 some?+ t c be lit]ally wa%$ or sc\r$ away by wat]1 pig's blood1 %eep's blood1 or o!r det]g5ts4 ,b :5 ?is purification took ! =m ( lay+ ! manslay] "u re/ra9t1 bani%+ him f ! c\ntry1 or putt+ him to dea? 9 ord] to appease 8 victim's gho/1 x 0 = all practical purposes indi/+ui%able f puni%m5t1 & ! fe> ( x w\ld #aeb act z a det]r5t j z surely z if x _h be5 design$ to be a puni%m5t & no?+ else4 ,:5 a man is ab\t to be hang$1 x is little consolation to him to be told t hang+ is n a puni%m5t b a purification4 ,b ! "o conception slides easily & almo/ imp]ceptibly into ! o!r2 s t :at 0 at fir/ a religi\s rite1 a solemn consecration or sacrifice1 comes 9 c\rse ( "t to be a purely civil function1 ! p5alty :i* society exacts f ^? :o h injur$ x3 ! sacrifice becomes an execution1 ! prie/ /eps back & ! hangman comes =w>d4 ,?us crim9al ju/ice 0 probably bas$ 9 l>ge measure on a crude =m ( sup]/ition long be=e ! subtle bra9s ( juri/s & philosoph]s d$uc$ x logically1 accord+ to _! v>i\s pr$ilections1 f a rigid !ory ( righte\s retribution1 a f>-sight$ policy ( mak+ ! law a t]ror to evil-do]s1 or a b5evol5t desire to re=m ! crim9al's "* & save 8 s\l 9 ano!r _w by hang+ or burn+ 8 body 9 ?is "o4 ,if ^! d$uctions only pr(ess to ju/ify !oretically ! practice ( puni%m5t1 !y may be well or ill f\nd$2 b if !y claim to expla9 x hi/orically1 !y are c]ta9ly false4 ,y _c ?us recon/ruct ! pa/ by import+ into "o age ! ideas ( ano!r1 by int]pret+ ! e>lie/ 9 t]ms ( ! late/ products ( m5tal evolution4 ,y may make revolutions 9 t way1 b y _c write hi/ory4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 ! fe> ( gho/s has dim9i%$1 ! fe> ( ! law rema9s to protect ! lives ( peaceful citiz5s4 ,if ^! views are correct1 ! dread ( ! gho/ has op]at$ 9 a tw(old way to protect human life4 ,on ! "o h& x has made e individual = 8 own sake m reluctant to slay 8 fell[1 & on ! o!r h& x has r\s$ ! :ole community to puni% ! slay]4 ,x has plac$ e man's life )9 a d\ble r+-f5ce ( morality & law4 ,! hot-head$ & ! cold-he>t$ h be5 furni%$ ) a d\ble motive = ab/a9+ f ! la/ fatal /ep3 !y h _h to fe> ! _s ( _! victim on ! "o side & ! la% ( ! law on ! o!r3 !y are 9 a /rait betwe5 ! devil & ! deep sea1 betwe5 ! gho/ & ! gall[s4 ,& :5 ) ! progress ( ?\ght ! %ad[ ( ! gho/ passes away1 ! grim %ad[ ( ! gall[s rema9s to protect society )\t ! aid ( sup]/iti\s t]rors4 ,x is ?us t cu/om (t5 #aec outlives ! motive :i* orig9at$ x4 ,if only an in/itution is good 9 practice1 x w /& firm aft] its old !oretical basis has be5 %att]$3 a new & m solid1 because a tru]1 f\ndation w be discov]$ = x to re/ ^u4 ,m & m1 z "t goes on1 morality %ifts its gr\nd f ! s&s ( sup]/ition to ! rock ( reason1 f ! imag9>y to ! real1 f ! sup]natural to ! natural4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! ,/ate has n ceas$ to protect ! lives ( its peaceful citiz5s because ! fai? 9 gho/s is %ak54 ,x has f\nd a bett] reason ?an old wives' fables = gu>d+ ) ! flam+ sword ( ,ju/ice ! approa* to ! ,tree ( ,life4 ,,vi4 ,,conclusion #aed ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y ( results4 ,to sum up ?is brief review ( ! influ5ce :i* sup]/ition has ex]cis$ on ! gr[? ( in/itutions1 ,i ?9k ,i h %ewn1 or at lea/ made probable3-- ,i4 ,t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = gov]nm5t1 especially mon>*ical gov]nm5t1 & has !reby contribut$ to ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( civil ord]3 ,,ii4 ,t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = private prop]ty & has !reby contribut$ to ! security ( its enjoym5t3 ,,iii4 ,t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = m>riage & has !reby contribut$ to a /rict] obs]vance ( ! rules ( sexual morality bo? among ! m>ri$ & ! unm>ri$3 ,,iv4 ,t among c]ta9 races & at c]ta9 times sup]/ition has /r5g!n$ ! respect = human life & has !reby contribut$ to ! security ( its enjoym5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,by /r5g!n+ ! respect = gov]nm5t1 private prop]ty1 m>riage1 & human life sup]/ition has r5d]$ a great s]vice to humanity4 ,b gov]nm5t1 private prop]ty1 m>riage1 & respect = human life are ! pill>s on :i* re/s ! :ole fabric ( civil society4 ,%ake !m & y %ake society to its f\ndations4 ,!re=e if gov]nm5t1 private prop]ty1 m>riage1 & respect = human life are all good & ess5tial to ! v exi/5ce ( civil society1 !n x foll[s t by /r5g!n+ e "o ( !m sup]/ition has r5d]$ a great s]vice to humanity4 ,x has suppli$ multitudes ) a motive1 a wrong motive x is true1 = #aee "r action2 & surely x is bett]1 f> bett] = ! _w t m5 %\ld d "r f wrong motives ?an t !y %\ld d wrong ) ! be/ int5tions4 ,:at conc]ns society is conduct1 n op9ion3 if only our actions are j & good1 x matt]s n a /raw to o!rs :e!r our op9ions be mi/ak54 ,! dang] ( false op9ion1 & x is a mo/ s]i\s "o1 is t x commonly leads to wrong action2 h5ce x is unque/ionably a great evil & e ef=t %\ld be made to correct x4 ,b ( ! two evils wrong action is 9 itself inf9itely worse ?an false op9ion2 & all sy/ems ( religion or philosophy :i* lay m /ress on "r op9ion ?an on "r action1 :i* exalt or?odoxy above virtue1 are s f> immoral & prejudicial to ! be/ int]e/s ( mank9d3 !y inv]t ! true relative importance1 ! real e?ical value1 ( ?\ght & action1 = x is by :at we d1 n by :at we ?9k1 t we are useful or useless1 b5efic5t or malefic5t to our fell[s4 ,z a body ( false op9ions1 !re=e1 sup]/ition is inde$ a mo/ dang]\s guide 9 practice1 & ! evils :i* x has wr\ght are incalculable4 ,b va/ z are ^! evils1 !y ought n to bl9d u to ! b5efit :i* sup]/ition has conf]r$ on society by furni%+ ! ignorant1 ! weak1 & ! fooli% ) a motive1 bad ?\gh x be1 = good conduct4 ,x is a re$1 a brok5 re$1 :i* has yet support$ ! /eps ( _m a poor err+ bro!r1 :o b = x might h /umbl$ & fall54 ,x is a light1 a dim & wav]+ light1 :i*1 if x has lur$ _m a m>9] on ! break]s1 has yet guid$ "s w&]]s on life's tr\bl$ sea into a hav5 ( re/ & peace4 ,once ! h>b\r lights are pass$ & ! %ip is 9 port1 x matt]s little :e!r ! pilot /e]$ by a ,jack-o'-lant]n or by ! />s4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition at ! b>4 ,s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,t1 ladies & g5tlem51 is my plea = ,sup]/ition4 ,p]haps x might be urg$ 9 mitigation ( ! s5t5ce :i* w be pass$ on ! ho>y-head$ (f5d] :5 he /&s at ! judgm5t b>4 ,yet ! s5t5ce1 d n d\bt x1 is dea?4 ,b x w n be execut$ 9 our "t4 ,!re w be a long1 long reprieve4 ,x is z 8 advocate1 n z 8 execution]1 t ,i h appe>$ be=e y #aef to-night4 ,at ,a!ns cases ( murd] 7 tri$ be=e ! ,areopagus by night1#aef4a & x is by night t ,i h spok5 9 def5ce ( ?is p[] ( d>kness4 ,b x gr[s late1 & ) my s9i/] cli5t ,i mu/ vani% be=e ! cocks cr[ & ! morn+ breaks grey 9 ! ea/4 ,,! ,,scope ,,( ,,social ,,an?ropology #aeg #aeh ,,! ,,scope ,,( ,,social ,,an?ropology #aei ,a lecture deliv]$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,liv]pool1 ,may #ad?1 #aijh4 ,sid5ote3 ,social ,an?ropology4 ,! subject ( ! *air :i* ,i h ! hon\r to hold is ,social ,an?ropology4 ,z ! subject is /ill comp>atively new & its limits are /ill some:at vague1 ,i %all devote my inaugural lecture to def9+ its scope & m>k+ out r\ghly1 if n ! b\nd>ies ( ! :ole /udy1 at lea/ ! b\nd>ies ( t "p ( x :i* ,i propose to take = my prov9ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,an?ropology a /udy ( rec5t date4 ,/range z x may seem1 9 ! l>ge & ?riv+ family ( ! sci5ces1 ,an?ropology1 or ! ,sci5ce ( ,man1 is ! late/ born4 ,s "y inde$ is ! /udy t ?ree ( its di/+ui%$ f\nd]s 9 ,engl&1 ,pr(essor ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor1 ,"l ,avebury1 & ,mr4 ,francis ,galton1 are happily /ill ) u4 ,x is true t p>ticul> dep>tm5ts ( man's complex nature h long be5 ! !me ( special /udies4 ,anatomy has inve/igat$ 8 body1 psy*ology has explor$ 8 m9d1 !ology & metaphysics h s\ght to plumb ! dep?s ( ! great my/]ies by :i* he is encompass$ on e h&4 ,b x has be5 res]v$ = ! pres5t g5]ation1 or r = ! g5]ation :i* is pass+ away1 to attempt ! compreh5sive /udy ( man z a :ole1 to enquire n m]ely into ! physical & m5tal /ructure ( ! individual1 b to comp>e ! v>i\s races ( m51 to trace _! aff9ities1 & by means ( a wide collection ( facts to foll[ z f> z may be ! evolution ( human ?\ght & in/itutions f ! e>lie/ times4 ,! aim ( ?is1 z ( e o!r sci5ce1 is to #afj discov] ! g5]al laws to :i* ! p>ticul> facts may be suppos$ to con=m4 ,i say1 may be suppos$ to con=m1 because rese>* 9 all dep>tm5ts has r5d]$ x antec$5tly probable t ev]y:]e law & ord] w be f\nd to prevail if we se>* = !m dilig5tly1 & t accord+ly ! affairs ( man1 h[ev] complex & incalculable !y may seem to be1 are no exception to ! uni=mity ( nature4 ,an?ropology1 !re=e1 9 ! wide/ s5se ( ! ^w1 aims at discov]+ ! g5]al laws :i* h regulat$ human hi/ory 9 ! pa/1 & :i*1 if nature is really uni=m1 may be expect$ to regulate x 9 ! future4 ,sid5ote3 ,! scope ( ,social ,an?ropology m limit$ ?an t ( ,sociology2 x includes only ! rudim5t>y phases ( human society4 ,h5ce ! sci5ce ( man co9cides to a c]ta9 ext5t ) :at has long be5 kn[n z ! philosophy ( hi/ory z well z ) ! /udy to :i* ( late ye>s ! "n ( ,sociology has be5 giv54 ,inde$ x might ) "s reason be held t ,social ,an?ropology1 or ! /udy ( man 9 society1 is only ano!r expression = ,sociology4 ,yet ,i ?9k t ! two sci5ces may be conv5i5tly di/+ui%$1 & t :ile ! "n ( ,sociology %\ld be res]v$ = ! /udy ( human society 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive s5se ( ! words1 ! "n ( ,social ,an?ropology may ) advantage be re/rict$ to "o p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( t imm5se field ( k4 ,at lea/ ,i wi% to make x p]fectly cle> at ! outset t ,i = "o d n pret5d to treat ( ! :ole ( human society1 pa/1 pres5t1 & future4 ,:e!r any s+le man's compass ( m9d & range ( le>n+ suffice = su* a va/ und]tak+1 ,i w n v5ture to say1 b ,i d say )\t hesitation or ambiguity t m9e c]ta9ly d n4 ,i c only speak ( :at ,i h /udi$1 & my /udies h be5 mo/ly conf9$ to a small1 a v small "p ( man's social hi/ory4 ,t "p is ! orig91 or r ! rudim5t>y phases1 ! infancy & *ildhood1 ( human society1 & to t "p accord+ly ,i propose to limit ! scope ( ,social ,an?ropology1 or at all ev5ts my treatm5t ( x4 ,my successors 9 ! *air w be free to ext5d _! purview beyond ! n>r[ b\nd>ies :i* ! limitation ( my k imposes on me4 ,!y may survey ! late/ developm5ts z well z ! e>lie/ beg9n+s ( cu/om #afa & law1 ( sci5ce & art1 ( morality & religion1 & f t survey !y may d$uce ! pr9ciples :i* %\ld guide mank9d 9 ! future1 s t ^? :o come aft] u may avoid ! sn>es & pitfalls into :i* we & our fa!rs h slipp$4 ,= ! be/ fruit ( k is wisdom1 & x may reasonably be hop$ t a deep] & wid] acqua9tance ) ! pa/ hi/ory ( mank9d w 9 "t enable our /atesm5 to m\ld ! de/9y ( ! race 9 fair] =ms ?an we ( ?is g5]ation %all live to see4 8,ah ,love6 c\ld y & ,i ) ,him conspire ,to grasp ?is sorry ,s*eme ( ,?+s entire1 ,w\ld we n %att] x to bits--& !n ,re-m\ld x ne>] to ! ,he>t's desire60 ,sid5ote3 ,at lea/ ! pres5t lectur] limits himself to ^! phases4 ,b if y wi% to %att] ! social fabric1 y mu/ n expect y\r pr(essor ( ,social ,an?ropology to aid & abet y4 ,he is no se] to disc]n1 no prophet to =etell a com+ heav5 on e>?1 no m\ntebank ) a sovran rem$y = e ill1 no ,r$ ,cross ,knight to head a crusade aga9/ mis]y & want1 aga9/ disease & dea?1 aga9/ all ! horrid spectres t w> on poor humanity4 ,x is = o!rs ) high] notes & nobl] natures ?an 8 to s\nd ! *>ge & lead x 9 ?is ,holy ,w>4 ,he is only a /ud5t1 a /ud5t ( ! pa/1 :o may p]haps tell y a little1 a v little1 ( :at has be51 b :o _c1 d>e n tell y :at ought to be4 ,yet ev5 ! little t he c contribute to ! elucidation ( ! pa/ may h its utility z well z its int]e/ :5 x f9ally takes its place 9 t great temple ( sci5ce to :i* x is ! ambition ( e /ud5t to add a /one4 ,= we *]i% a belief t if we truly love & seek k = its own sake1 )\t any ult]ior aim1 e addition we may make to x1 h[ev] insignificant & useless x may appe>1 w yet at la/ be f\nd to "w toge!r ) ! :ole accumulat$ /ore = ! g5]al good ( mank9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,social ,an?ropology embraces ! /udy1 fir/1 ( savag]y1 &1 second1 ( folklore1 t is1 ( ! traces ( savag]y 9 civilization4 ,?us ! sph]e ( ,social ,an?ropology z ,i und]/& x1 or at lea/ z ,i propose to treat x1 is limit$ to ! crude beg9n+s1 ! rudim5t>y developm5t ( human society3 x does n include ! matur] phases ( t complex gr[?1 /ill less does x embrace ! practical problems #afb ) :i* our mod]n /atesm5 & lawgiv]s are call$ ^u to deal4 ,! /udy might accord+ly be describ$ z ! embryology ( human ?\ght & in/itutions1 or1 to be m precise1 z t enquiry :i* seeks to asc]ta91 fir/1 ! beliefs & cu/oms ( savages1 &1 second1 ! relics ( ^! beliefs & cu/oms :i* h surviv$ l fossils among peoples ( high] culture4 ,sid5ote3 ,all civilization evolv$ f savag]y4 ,9 ?is description ( ! sph]e ( ,social ,an?ropology x is impli$ t ! ance/ors ( ! civiliz$ nations 7 once savages1 & t !y h transmitt$1 or may h transmitt$1 to _! m cultur$ desc5dants ideas & in/itutions :i*1 h[ev] incongru\s ) _! lat] surr\nd+s1 7 p]fectly 9 keep+ ) ! modes ( ?\ght & action ( ! rud] society 9 :i* !y orig9at$4 ,9 %ort1 ! def9ition assumes t civilization has always & ev]y:]e be5 evolv$ out ( savag]y4 ,! mass ( evid5ce on :i* ?is assumption re/s is 9 my op9ion s great z to r5d] ! induction incontrov]tible4 ,at lea/1 if any "o disputes x ,i d n ?9k x wor? :ile to argue ) him4 ,!re are /ill1 ,i believe1 9 civiliz$ society p :o hold t ! e>? is flat & t ! sun goes r\nd x2 b no s5sible man w wa/e "t 9 ! va9 attempt to conv9ce su* p]sons ( _! error1 ev5 ?\gh ^! flatt5]s ( ! e>? & circulators ( ! sun appeal ) p]fect ju/ice to ! evid5ce ( _! s5ses 9 support ( _! halluc9ation1 :i* is m ?an ! oppon5ts ( man's primitive savag]y are able to d4 ,sid5ote3 ,h5ce a /udy ( savag]y ess5tial to an und]/&+ ( ! evolution ( humanity4 ,?us ! /udy ( savage life is a v important "p ( ,social ,an?ropology4 ,= by comp>ison ) civiliz$ man ! savage repres5ts an arre/$ or r ret>d$ /age ( social developm5t1 & an exam9ation ( 8 cu/oms & beliefs accord+ly supplies ! same sort ( evid5ce ( ! evolution ( ! human m9d t an exam9ation ( ! embryo supplies ( ! evolution ( ! human body4 ,to put x o!rwise1 a savage is to a civiliz$ man z a *ild is to an adult2 & j z ! gradual gr[? ( intellig5ce 9 a *ild corresponds to1 & 9 a s5se recapitulates1 ! gradual gr[? ( intellig5ce 9 ! species1 s a /udy ( savage society at v>i\s /ages ( evolution enables u to foll[ approximately1 ?\gh ( #afc c\rse n exactly1 ! road by :i* ! ance/ors ( ! high] races mu/ h travell$ 9 _! progress upw>d ?r\gh b>b>ism to civilization4 ,9 %ort1 savag]y is ! primitive condition ( mank9d1 & if we w\ld und]/& :at primitive man 0 we mu/ "k :at ! savage n[ is4 ,sid5ote3 ,savages ( ! pres5t day are primitive only 9 a relative s5se1 namely by comp>ison ) civiliz$ peoples2 _! cu/oms & beliefs are 9 fact ! product ( a long c\rse ( evolution z to :i* we c "k little or no?+4 ,b "h x is necess>y to gu>d aga9/ a common misappreh5sion4 ,! savages ( to-day are primitive only 9 a relative1 n 9 an absolute s5se4 ,!y are primitive by comp>ison ) u2 b !y are n primitive by comp>ison ) truly primval man1 t is1 ) man z he 0 :5 he fir/ em]g$ f ! purely be/ial /age ( exi/5ce4 ,inde$1 comp>$ ) man 9 8 absolutely pri/9e /ate ev5 ! l[e/ savage ( to-day is d\btless a highly develop$ & cultur$ be+1 s9ce all evid5ce & all probability are 9 fav\r ( ! view t e exi/+ race ( m51 ! rude/ z well z ! mo/ civiliz$1 has rea*$ its pres5t level ( culture1 :e!r x be high or l[1 only aft] a sl[ & pa9ful progress upw>ds1 :i* mu/ h ext5d$ ov] _m ?\s&s1 p]haps millions1 ( ye>s4 ,!re=e :5 we speak ( any kn[n savages z primitive1 :i* ! usage ( ! ,engli% language p]mits u to d1 x %\ld always be rememb]$ t we apply ! t]m primitive to !m 9 a relative1 n 9 an absolute s5se4 ,:at we mean is t _! culture is rudim5t>y comp>$ ) t ( ! civiliz$ nations1 b n by any means t x is id5tical ) t ( primval man4 ,x is necess>y to emphasize ?is relative use ( ! t]m primitive 9 its application to all kn[n savages )\t exception1 because ! ambiguity aris+ f ! d\ble mean+ ( ! ^w has be5 ! s\rce ( mu* confusion & misund]/&+4 ,c>eless or unscrupul\s writ]s h made great play ) x = purposes ( controv]sy1 us+ ! ^w n[ 9 ! "o s5se & n[ 9 ! o!r z x suit$ _! argum5t at ! mom5t1 )\t p]ceiv+1 or at all ev5ts )\t indicat+1 ! equivocation4 ,9 ord] to avoid ^! v]bal fallacies x is only necess>y to be> /eadily 9 m9d t :ile ,social ,an?ropology has mu* to say ( primitive man 9 ! relative s5se1 x has no?+ :atev] to say ab\t primitive man 9 ! absolute s5se1 #afd & t = ! v simple reason t x kn[s no?+ :atev] ab\t him1 &1 s f> z we c see at pres5t1 is nev] likely to "k any?+4 ,to con/ruct a hi/ory ( human society by />t+ f absolutely primordial man & work+ d[n ?r\gh ?\s&s or millions ( ye>s to ! in/itutions ( exi/+ savages might possibly h m]its z a flight ( imag9ation1 b x c\ld h none z a "w ( sci5ce4 ,to d ?is w\ld be exactly to rev]se ! prop] mode ( sci5tific proc$ure4 ,x w\ld be to "w a priori f ! unkn[n to ! kn[n in/ead ( a po/]iori f ! kn[n to ! unkn[n4 ,= we d "k a good deal ab\t ! social /ate ( ! savages ( to-day & ye/]day1 b we "k no?+ :atev]1 ,i repeat1 ab\t absolutely primitive human society4 ,h5ce a sob] enquir] :o seeks to elucidate ! social evolution ( mank9d 9 ages be=e ! dawn ( hi/ory mu/ />t1 n f an unkn[n & purely hypo!tical primval man1 b f ! l[e/ savages :om we "k or possess adequate records (2 & f _! cu/oms1 beliefs1 & traditions z a solid basis ( fact he may "w back a little way hypo!tically ?r\gh ! obscurity ( ! pa/2 t is1 he may =m a reasonable !ory ( ! way 9 :i* ^! actual cu/oms1 beliefs1 & traditions h gr[n up & develop$ 9 a p]iod m or less remote1 b probably n v remote1 f ! "o 9 :i* !y h be5 obs]v$ & record$4 ,b if1 z ,i assume1 he is a sob] enquir]1 he w nev] expect to c>ry back ?is recon/ruction ( human hi/ory v f>1 /ill less w he dream ( l9k+ x up ) ! v beg9n+1 because he is aw>e t we possess no evid5ce :i* w\ld enable u to bridge ev5 hypo!tically ! gulf ( ?\s&s or millions ( ye>s :i* divides ! savage ( to-day f primval man4 ,sid5ote3 ,= example1 ! m>riage cu/oms & sy/ems ( relation%ip preval5t among _m savage tribes appe> to h be5 evolv$ f a prec$+1 b n necess>ily primitive1 /ate ( sexual promiscuity4 ,x may be well to illu/rate my mean+ by an example4 ,! matrimonial cu/oms & modes ( trac+ relation%ips :i* prevail among "s savage races1 & ev5 among peoples at a high] /age ( culture1 furni% v /rong gr\nds = believ+ t ! sy/ems ( m>riage & consangu9ity :i* are n[ 9 vogue among civiliz$ peoples mu/ h be5 imm$iately prec$$ at a m or less di/ant "t by v diff]5t modes ( c\nt+ k9 & regulat+ m>riage2 #afe 9 fact1 t monogamy & ! =bidd5 degrees ( k9%ip h replac$ an old] sy/em ( mu* wid] & loos] sexual relations4 ,b to say ?is is n to affirm t su* loos] & wid] relations 7 *>act]i/ic ( ! absolutely primitive condition ( mank9d2 x is only to say t actually exi/+ cu/oms & traditions cle>ly indicate ! ext5sive preval5ce ( su* relations at "s =m] "t 9 ! hi/ory ( our race4 ,h[ remote t "t 01 we _c tell2 b1 e/imat$ by ! :ole va/ p]iod ( man's exi/5ce on e>?1 x seems probable t ! era ( sexual communism to :i* ! evid5ce po9ts 0 comp>atively rec5t2 9 o!r words1 t = ! civiliz$ races ! int]val :i* divides t era f our own is to be reckon$ by ?\s&s r ?an by hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 :ile = ! l[e/ ( exi/+ savages1 = example1 ! aborig9es ( ,au/ralia1 x is possible or probable t ! int]val may n be great] ?an a few c5turies4 ,be t z x may1 ev5 if on ! /r5g? ( ! evid5ce ,i h ref]r$ to we c\ld demon/rate ! =m] preval5ce ( a sy/em ( sexual communism among all ! races ( mank9d1 ?is w\ld only c>ry u back a s+le /ep 9 ! long hi/ory ( our species2 x w\ld n ju/ify u 9 conclud+ t su* a sy/em _h be5 practis$ by truly primval man1 /ill less t x _h prevail$ among mank9d f ! beg9n+ d[n to ! comp>atively rec5t p]iod at :i* its exi/5ce may be inf]r$ f ! evid5ce at our disposal4 ,ab\t ! social condition ( primval man1 ,i repeat1 we "k absolutely no?+1 & x is va9 to speculate4 ,our fir/ p>5ts may h be5 z /rict monogami/s z ,:i/on or ,dr4 ,primrose1 or !y may h be5 j ! rev]se4 ,we h no in=mation on ! subject1 & are nev] likely to get any4 ,9 ! c\ntless ages :i* h elaps$ s9ce man & woman fir/ roam$ ! happy g>d5 h& 9 h& or jabb]$ l apes among ! leafy b\ghs ( ! virg9 =e/1 _! relations to ea* o!r may h und]gone innum]able *anges4 ,= human affairs1 l ! c\rses ( ! heav51 seem to run 9 cycles3 ! social p5dulum sw+s to & fro f "o extremity ( ! scale to ! o!r3 9 ! political sph]e x has swung f democracy to despotism1 & back aga9 f despotism to democracy2 #aff & s 9 ! dome/ic sph]e x may h oscillat$ _m a "t betwe5 lib]t9ism & monogamy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! second dep>tm5t ( ,social ,an?ropology is folklore1 or ! /udy ( savage survivals 9 civilization4 ,if ,i am "r 9 my def9ition ( ,social ,an?ropology1 its prov9ce may be r\ghly divid$ into two dep>tm5ts1 "o ( :i* embraces ! cu/oms & beliefs ( savages1 :ile ! o!r includes su* relics ( ^! cu/oms & beliefs z h surviv$ 9 ! ?\ght & in/itutions ( m cultur$ peoples4 ,! "o dep>tm5t may be call$ ! /udy ( savag]y1 ! o!r ! /udy ( folklore4 ,i h said some?+ ( savag]y3 ,i n[ turn to folklore1 t is1 to ! survivals ( m primitive ideas & practices among peoples :o 9 o!r respects h ris5 to a high] plane ( culture4 ,t su* survivals may be discov]$ 9 e civiliz$ nation w h>dly n[ be disput$ by anybody4 ,:5 we read1 = example1 ( an ,iri%woman roa/$ to dea? by h] husb& on a suspicion t %e 0 n 8 wife b a fairy *angel+1#aff4a or aga91 ( an ,engli%woman dy+ ( lockjaw because %e _h ano9t$ ! nail t w\nd$ h] in/ead ( ! w\nd1#aff4b we may be sure t ! beliefs to :i* ^! poor creatures fell victims 7 n le>n$ by !m 9 s*ool or at *ur*1 b _h be5 transmitt$ f truly savage ance/ors ?r\gh _m g5]ations ( outw>dly ?\gh n really civiliz$ desc5dants4 ,beliefs & practices ( ?is sort are !re=e rightly call$ sup]/itions1 :i* means lit]ally survivals4 ,x is ) sup]/itions 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w t ! second dep>tm5t ( ,social ,an?ropology is conc]n$4 ,sid5ote3 ,su* survivals are due to ! ess5tial inequality ( m51 _m ( :om rema9 at he>t savages "u a civiliz$ ext]ior4 ,if we ask h[ x happ5s t sup]/itions l+] among a p :o 9 g5]al h rea*$ a high] level ( culture1 ! answ] is to be f\nd 9 ! natural1 univ]sal1 & in]adicable inequality ( m54 ,n only are diff]5t races diff]5tly end[$ 9 respect ( intellig5ce1 c\rage1 indu/ry1 & s =?1 b )9 ! same nation m5 ( ! same g5]ation diff] enorm\sly 9 inborn capacity & wor?4 ,no ab/ract doctr9e is m false & mis*iev\s #afg ?an t ( ! natural equality ( m54 ,x is true t ! legislator mu/ treat m5 z if !y 7 equal1 because laws ( necessity are g5]al & _c be made s z to fit ! inf9ite v>iety ( individual cases4 ,b we mu/ n imag9e t because m5 are equal be=e ! law !y are !re=e intr9sically equal to ea* o!r4 ,! exp]i5ce ( common life suffici5tly contradicts su* a va9 imag9ation4 ,at s*ool & at ! univ]sities1 at "w & at play1 9 peace & 9 w>1 ! m5tal & moral inequalities ( human be+s /& out too conspicu\sly to be ignor$ or disput$4 ,on ! :ole ! m5 ( ke5e/ intellig5ce & /ronge/ *>act]s lead ! re/ & %ape ! m\lds into :i*1 outw>dly at lea/1 society is ca/4 ,sid5ote3 ,mank9d dom9at$ by an enlight5$ m9ority4 ,z su* m5 are necess>ily few by comp>ison ) ! multitude :om !y lead1 x foll[s t ! community is really dom9at$ by ! w ( an enlight5$ m9ority#afg4a ev5 9 c\ntries :]e ! rul+ p[] is nom9ally ve/$ 9 ! h&s ( ! num]ical majority4 ,9 fact1 disguise x z we may1 ! gov]nm5t ( mank9d is always & ev]y:]e ess5tially ari/ocratic4 ,no juggl+ ) political ma*9]y c evade ?is law ( nature4 ,h[ev] x may seem to lead1 ! dull-witt$ majority 9 ! end foll[s a ke5]-witt$ m9ority4 ,t is its salvation & ! secret ( progress4 ,! high] human intellig5ce sways ! l[]1 j z ! intellig5ce ( man gives him ! ma/]y ov] ! brutes4 ,i d n mean t ! ultimate direction ( society re/s ) its nom9al gov]nors1 ) its k+s1 its /atesm51 its legislators4 ,sid5ote3 ,! uncr[n$ k+s4 ,! true rul]s ( m5 are ! ?9k]s :o advance k2 = j z x is ?r\gh 8 sup]ior k1 n ?r\gh 8 sup]ior /r5g?1 t man be>s rule ov] ! re/ ( ! animal creation1 s among m5 !mselves x is k :i* 9 ! long run directs & controls ! =ces ( society4 ,?us ! discov]]s ( new tru?s are ! real ?\gh uncr[n$ & unsceptr$ k+s ( mank9d2 mon>*s1 /atesm51 & law-giv]s are b _! m9i/]s1 :o soon] or lat] d _! bidd+ by c>ry+ out ! ideas ( ^! ma/] #afh m9ds4 ,! m we /udy ! inw>d work+s ( society & ! progress ( civilization1 ! m cle>ly %all we p]ceive h[ bo? are gov]n$ by ! influ5ce ( ?\ghts :i*1 spr++ up at fir/ we "k n h[ or :5ce 9 a few sup]ior m9ds1 gradually spread till !y h leav5$ ! :ole in]t lump ( a community or ( mank9d4 ,! orig9 ( su* m5tal v>iations1 ) all _! f>-rea*+ tra9 ( social consequ5ces1 is j z obscure z is ! orig9 ( ^? physical v>iations on :i*1 if biologi/s are "r1 dep5ds ! evolution ( species1 & ) x ! possibility ( progress4 ,p]haps ! same unkn[n cause :i* det]m9es ! "o set ( v>iations gives rise to ! o!r also4 ,we _c tell4 ,all we c say is t on ! :ole 9 ! conflict ( compet+ =ces1 :e!r physical or m5tal1 ! /ronge/ at la/ prevails1 ! fitte/ survives4 ,9 ! m5tal sph]e ! /ruggle = exi/5ce is n less fi]ce & int]nec9e ?an 9 ! physical1 b 9 ! end ! bett] ideas1 :i* we call ! tru?1 c>ry ! day4 ,! clamor\s opposition ) :i* at _! fir/ appe>ance !y are regul>ly greet$1 :5ev] !y conflict ) old prejudices1 may ret>d b _c prev5t _! f9al victory4 ,sid5ote3 ,! tombs ( ! prophets4 ,x is ! practice ( ! mob fir/ to /one & !n to erect useless memorials to _! greate/ b5efactors4 ,all :o set !mselves to replace anci5t error & sup]/ition by tru? & reason mu/ lay _! acc\nt ) brickbats 9 _! life & a m>ble monum5t aft] dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition ! cre$ ( ! lagg>ds 9 ! m>* ( intellect4 ,i h be5 l$ into mak+ ^! rem>ks by ! wi% to expla9 :y x is t sup]/itions ( all sorts1 political1 moral1 & religi\s1 survive among peoples :o h ! opportunity ( kn[+ bett]4 ,! reason is t ! bett] ideas1 :i* are con/antly =m+ 9 ! upp] /ratum1 h n yet filt]$ ?r\gh f ! highe/ to ! l[e/ m9ds4 ,su* a filtration is g5]ally sl[1 & by ! "t t ! new notions h p5etrat$ to ! bottom1 if inde$ !y ev] get !re1 !y are (t5 already obsolete & sup]s$$ by o!rs at ! top4 ,h5ce x is t if we c\ld op5 ! heads & read ! ?\ghts ( two m5 ( ! same g5]ation & c\ntry b at opposite ends ( ! intellectual scale1 we %\ld probably f9d _! m9ds z #afi diff]5t z if ! two belong$ to diff]5t species4 ,mank9d1 z x has be5 well said1 advances 9 *elons2 t is1 ! columns m>* n abrea/ ( ea* o!r b 9 a /raggl+ l9e1 all lagg+ 9 v>i\s degrees beh9d ! lead]4 ,! image well describes ! diff]5ce n only betwe5 peoples1 b betwe5 individuals ( ! same p & ! same g5]ation4 ,j z "o nation is cont9ually out/ripp+ "s ( its contempor>ies1 s )9 ! same nation "s m5 are con/antly outpac+ _! fell[s1 & ! =emo/ 9 ! race are ^? :o h ?r[n (f ! load ( sup]/ition :i* /ill burd5s ! backs & clogs ! foot/eps ( ! lagg>ds4 ,to drop metaphor1 sup]/itions survive because1 :ile !y %ock ! views ( enlight5$ memb]s ( ! community1 !y are /ill 9 h>mony ) ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( o!rs :o1 ?\gh !y are drill$ by _! bett]s into an appe>ance ( civilization1 rema9 b>b>ians or savages at he>t4 ,t is :y1 = example1 ! b>b>\s puni%m5ts = high treason & wit*craft & ! enormities ( slav]y 7 tol]at$ & def5d$ 9 ?is c\ntry d[n to mod]n times4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/itions ei!r public or private4 ,su* survivals may be divid$ into two sorts1 accord+ z !y are public or private2 9 o!r words1 accord+ z !y are embodi$ 9 ! law ( ! l& or are practis$ ) or )\t ! connivance ( ! law 9 holes & corn]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,examples ( public sup]/itions4 ,! examples ,i h j cit$ belong to ! =m] ( ^! two classes4 ,wit*es 7 publicly burn$ & traitors 7 publicly disemb[ell$ 9 ,engl& n s long ago1 & slav]y surviv$ z a legal in/itution /ill lat]4 ,! true nature ( su* public sup]/itions is apt1 ?r\gh _! v publicity1 to escape detection1 because until !y are f9ally swept away by ! ris+ tide ( progress1 !re are always pl5ty ( p to def5d !m z in/itutions ess5tial to ! public welf>e & sanction$ by ! laws ( ,god & man4 ,sid5ote3 ,! wide preval5ce ( private sup]/itions con/itutes a /&+ m5ace to civilization4 ,x is o!rwise ) ^? private sup]/itions to :i* ! "n ( folklore is usually conf9$4 ,9 civiliz$ society mo/ educat$ p are n ev5 aw>e ( ! ext5t to :i* ^! relics ( savage ignorance survive at _! doors4 ,! discov]y ( _! wide preval5ce 0 inde$ only made la/ c5tury1 *iefly ?r\gh ! rese>*es ( ! bro!rs #agj ,grimm 9 ,g]many4 ,s9ce _! day sy/ematic enquiries c>ri$ on among ! less educat$ classes1 & especially among ! peasantry1 ( ,europe h reveal$ ! a/oni%+1 nay1 al>m+ tru? t a mass1 if n ! majority1 ( p 9 e civiliz$ c\ntry is /ill liv+ 9 a /ate ( intellectual savag]y1 t1 9 fact1 ! smoo? surface ( cultur$ society is sapp$ & m9$ by sup]/ition4 ,only ^? ^: /udies h l$ !m to inve/igate ! subject are aw>e ( ! dep? to :i* ! gr\nd b5ea? our feet is ?us1 z x 71 honeycomb$ by unse5 =ces4 ,we appe> to be /&+ on a volcano :i* may at any mom5t break out 9 smoke & fire to spread ru9 & deva/ation among ! g>d5s & palaces ( anci5t culture wr\ght s labori\sly by ! h&s ( _m g5]ations4 ,aft] look+ on ! ru9$ ,greek temples ( ,pae/um & contra/+ !m ) ! squalor & savag]y ( ! ,italian peasantry1 ,r5an said1 8,i trembl$ = civilization1 see+ x s limit$1 built on s weak a f\ndation1 re/+ on s few individuals ev5 9 ! c\ntry :]e x is dom9ant40#agj4a ,sid5ote3 ,x is ! e>lie/ & crude/ sup]/itions t survive longe/1 because !y answ] to ! calibre ( ! l[e/ m9ds4 ,h5ce :ile ! surface ( society is con/antly *ang+1 its dep?s1 l ^? ( ! ocean1 rema9 almo/ motionless4 ,if we exam9e ! sup]/iti\s beliefs :i* are tacitly b firmly held by _m ( our fell[-c\ntrym51 we %all f9d1 p]haps to our surprise1 t x is precisely ! olde/ & crude/ sup]/itions :i* are mo/ t5aci\s ( life1 :ile views :i*1 ?\gh also errone\s1 are m mod]n & ref9$1 soon fade f ! popul> memory4 ,= example1 ! high gods ( ,egypt & ,babylon1 ( ,greece & ,rome1 h = ages be5 totally =gott5 by ! p & survive only 9 ! books ( ! le>n$2 yet ! peasants1 :o nev] ev5 he>d ( ,isis & ,osiris1 ( ,apollo & ,artemis1 ( ,jupit] & ,juno1 reta9 to ?is day a firm belief 9 wit*es & fairies1 9 gho/s & hobgobl9s1 ^? less] creatures ( ! my?ical fancy 9 :i* _! fa!rs believ$ long be=e ! great deities ( ! anci5t _w 7 ev] ?\ght (1 & 9 :i*1 to all appe>ance1 _! desc5dants w cont9ue to believe long aft] ! great deities ( ! pres5t day %all h gone ! way ( all _! pr$ecessors4 ,! reason :y ! high] =ms ( sup]/ition or religion 7= ! religion ( "o g5]ation is #aga apt to become ! sup]/ition ( ! next7 are less p]man5t ?an ! l[] is simply t ! high] beliefs1 be+ a creation ( sup]ior intellig5ce1 h little hold on ! m9ds ( ! vulg>1 :o nom9ally pr(ess !m = a "t 9 con=mity ) ! w ( _! bett]s1 b readily %$ & =get !m z soon z ^! beliefs h gone out ( fa%ion ) ! educat$ classes4 ,b :ile !y dismiss )\t a pang or an ef=t articles ( fai? :i* 7 only sup]ficially impr9t$ on _! m9ds by ! weight ( cultur$ op9ion1 ! ignorant & fooli% multitude cl+ ) a sull5 det]m9ation to f> gross] beliefs :i* really answ] to ! co>s] texture ( _! undevelop$ intellect4 ,?us :ile ! av[$ cre$ ( ! enlight5$ m9ority is con/antly *ang+ "u ! influ5ce ( reflection & enquiry1 ! real1 ?\gh unav[$1 cre$ ( ! mass ( mank9d appe>s to be almo/ /ation>y1 & ! reason :y x alt]s s little is t 9 ! majority ( m51 :e!r !y are savages or outw>dly civiliz$ be+s1 intellectual progress is s sl[ z to be h>dly p]ceptible4 ,! surface ( society1 l t ( ! sea1 is 9 p]petual motion2 its dep?s1 l ^? ( ! ocean1 rema9 almo/ unmov$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( mank9d1 recon/ruct$ f ! jo9t te/imony ( savag]y & folklore1 is full ( gaps1 :i* c only be imp]fectly bridg$ by ! ,comp>ative ,me?od4 ,?us f an exam9ation1 fir/1 ( savag]y &1 second1 ( its survivals 9 civilization1 ! /udy ( ,social ,an?ropology attempts to trace ! e>ly hi/ory ( human ?\ght & in/itutions4 ,! hi/ory c nev] be complete1 unless sci5ce %\ld discov] "s mode ( read+ ! fad$ record ( ! pa/ ( :i* we 9 ?is g5]ation c h>dly dream4 ,we "k inde$ t e ev5t1 h[ev] insignificant1 implies a *ange1 h[ev] slight1 9 ! mat]ial con/itution ( ! univ]se1 s t ! :ole hi/ory ( ! _w is1 9 a s5se1 engrav$ ^u its face1 ?\gh our eyes are too dim to read ! scroll4 ,x may be t 9 ! future "s wondr\s reag5t1 "s magic *emical1 may yet be f\nd to br+ out ! :ole ( nature's secret h&writ+ = a great] ?an ,daniel to int]pret to 8 fell[s4 ,t w h>dly be 9 our "t4 ,) ! res\rces at pres5t at our comm& we mu/ be cont5t ) a v brief1 imp]fect1 & 9 l>ge measure conjectural acc\nt ( man's m5tal & social developm5t 9 prehi/oric ages4 #agb ,z ,i h already po9t$ out1 ! evid5ce1 fragm5t>y & dubi\s z x is1 only runs back a v little way into ! measureless pa/ ( human life on e>?2 we soon lose ! ?read1 ! fa9tly glimm]+ ?read1 9 ! ?ick d>kness ( ! absolutely unkn[n4 ,ev5 9 ! comp>atively %ort space ( "t1 a few ?\s& ye>s at mo/1 :i* falls m or less )9 our k51 !re are _m deep & wide *asms :i* c only be bridg$ by hypo!ses1 if ! /ory ( evolution is to run cont9u\sly4 ,sid5ote3 ,! legitimacy ( ! ,comp>ative ,me?od 9 social an?ropology re/s on ! simil>ity ( ! human m9d 9 all races4 ,su* bridges are built 9 an?ropology z 9 biology by ! ,comp>ative ,me?od1 :i* enables u to borr[ ! l9ks ( "o *a9 ( evid5ce to supply ! gaps 9 ano!r4 ,= u :o deal1 n ) ! v>i\s =ms ( animal life1 b ) ! v>i\s products ( human intellig5ce1 ! legitimacy ( ! ,comp>ative ,me?od re/s on ! well-asc]ta9$ simil>ity ( ! work+ ( ! human m9d 9 all races ( m54 ,i h laid /ress on ! great inequalities :i* exi/ n only betwe5 ! v>i\s races1 b betwe5 m5 ( ! same race & g5]ation2 b x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood & rememb]$ t ^! div]g5cies are quantitative r ?an qualitative1 !y consi/ 9 diff]5ces ( degree r ?an ( k9d4 ,! savage is n a diff]5t sort ( be+ f 8 civiliz$ bro!r3 he has ! same capacities1 m5tal & moral1 b !y are less fully develop$3 8 evolution has be5 arre/$1 or r ret>d$1 at a l[] level4 ,& z savage races are n all on ! same plane1 b h /opp$ or t>ri$ at diff]5t po9ts ( ! upw>d pa?1 we c to a c]ta9 ext5t1 by comp>+ !m ) ea* o!r1 con/ruct a scale ( social progression & m>k out r\ghly "s ( ! /ages on ! long road t leads f savag]y to civilization4 ,9 ! k+dom ( m9d su* a scale ( m5tal evolution answ]s to ! scale ( morphological evolution 9 ! animal k+dom4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is only ( late ye>s t ! importance ( savag]y z a docum5t ( human hi/ory has be5 und]/ood4 ,f :at ,i h said ,i hope y h =m$ "s idea ( ! extreme importance :i* ! /udy ( savage life possesses = a prop] und]/&+ ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,! savage is a human docum5t1 a record ( man's ef=ts to raise himself above ! level ( ! bea/4 ,x is only ( late ye>s t ! full value ( ! docum5t #agc has be5 appreciat$2 inde$1 _m p are probably /ill ( ,dr4 ,johnson's op9ion1 :o1 po9t+ to ! ?ree l>ge volumes ( ,voyages to ! ,s\? ,seas :i* _h j come out1 said3 8,:o w read !m ?r\gh8 ,a man _h bett] "w 8 way be=e ! ma/ ?an read !m ?r\gh2 !y w be eat5 by rats & mice be=e !y are read ?r\gh4 ,!re c be little ent]ta9m5t 9 su* books2 "o set ( savages is l ano!r40#agc4a ,b ! _w has le>n$ a good deal s9ce ,dr4 ,johnson's day2 & ! records ( savage life1 :i* ! sage ( ,bolt ,c\rt consign$ )\t scruple to ! rats & mice1 h n[ _! place among ! mo/ preci\s ar*ives ( humanity4 ,_! fate has be5 l t ( ! ,sibyll9e ,books4 ,!y 7 neglect$ & despis$ :5 !y might h be5 obta9$ complete2 & n[ wise m5 w\ld give m ?an a k+'s ransom = _! mis]ably mutilat$ & imp]fect rema9s4 ,x is true t be=e our "t civiliz$ m5 (t5 view$ savages ) int]e/ & describ$ !m intellig5tly1 & "s ( _! descriptions are /ill ( great sci5tific value4 ,sid5ote3 ,great impulse giv5 to ! /udy ( savag]y by ! discov]y ( ,am]ica & ( ! ,pacific4 ,= example1 ! discov]y ( ,am]ica naturally excit$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,european peoples an eag] curiosity z to ! inhabitants ( ! new _w1 :i* _h bur/ ^u _! gaze1 z if at ! wav+ ( a wiz>d's w& ! curta9 ( ! we/]n sky _h sudd5ly roll$ up & disclos$ sc5es ( glam\r & en*antm5t4 ,accord+ly "s ( ! ,spani>ds :o explor$ & conqu]$ ^! realms ( wond] h bequea!d to u acc\nts ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! ,indians1 :i* = accuracy & fulness ( detail probably surpass any =m] records ( an ali5 race4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 is ! great "w ( ! ,franciscan fri> ,sahagun on ! natives ( ,mexico1 & su* ! "w ( ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 himself half an ,inca1 on ! ,incas ( ,p]u4 ,aga91 ! exploration ( ! ,pacific 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ) its revelation ( fairy-l isl&s scatt]$ 9 pr(usion ov] a sea ( et]nal summ]1 drew ! eyes & /irr$ ! imag9ation ( ,europe2 & to ! curiosity ?us rais$ 9 _m m9ds1 ?\gh n 9 ,dr4 ,johnson's1 we owe "s preci\s descriptions ( ! isl&]s1 :o1 9 ^? days ( sail+ %ips1 appe>$ to dwell s remote f u #agd t ! poet ,c[p] fanci$ _! seas might nev] aga9 be pl\gh$ by ,engli% keels4#agd4a ,sid5ote3 ,! pass+ ( ! savage4 ,^! & _m o!r old acc\nts ( savages mu/ always reta9 _! int]e/ & value = ! /udy ( ,social ,an?ropology1 all ! m because !y set be=e u ! natives 9 _! natural unsophi/icat$ /ate1 be=e _! primitive mann]s & cu/oms _h be5 alt]$ or de/roy$ by ,european influ5ce4 ,yet 9 ! light ( subsequ5t rese>* ^! e>ly records are (t5 se5 to be v defective1 because ! au?ors1 unaw>e ( ! sci5tific importance ( facts :i* to ! ord9>y obs]v] might appe> trifl+ or disgu/+1 h ei!r pass$ ov] _m ?+s ( ! highe/ int]e/ 9 total sil5ce or dismiss$ !m ) a brief & tantaliz+ allusion4 ,x is accord+ly necess>y to supplem5t ! reports ( =m] writ]s by a m9ute & pa9/ak+ inve/igation ( ! liv+ savages 9 ord] to fill up1 if possible1 ! _m yawn+ gaps 9 our k4 ,un=tunately ?is _c always be done1 s9ce _m savages h ei!r be5 totally ext]m9at$ or s *ang$ by contact ) ,europeans t x is no long] possible to obta9 tru/wor?y in=mation z to _! old habits & traditions4 ,b :5ev] ! anci5t cu/oms & beliefs ( a primitive race h pass$ away unrecord$1 a docum5t ( human hi/ory has p]i%$ beyond recall4 ,unhappily ?is de/ruction ( ! ar*ives1 z we may call x1 is go+ on apace4 ,9 "s places1 = example1 9 ,tasmania1 ! savage is already ext9ct2 9 o!rs1 z 9 ,au/ralia1 he is dy+4 ,9 o!rs aga91 = in/ance 9 ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,africa1 :]e ! numb]s & inborn vig\r ( ! race %ew little or no sign ( succumb+ 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ! influ5ce ( trad]s1 (ficials1 & mission>ies is s rapidly dis9tegrat+ & effac+ ! native cu/oms1 t ) ! pass+ ( ! old] g5]ation ev5 ! memory ( !m w soon 9 _m places be gone4 ,x is !re=e a matt] ( ! mo/ urg5t sci5tific importance to secure )\t delay full & accurate reports ( ^! p]i%+ or *ang+ peoples1 to take p]man5t copies1 s #age to say1 ( ^! preci\s monum5ts be=e !y are de/roy$4 ,x is n yet too late4 ,mu* may /ill be le>n$1 = example1 9 ,we/ ,au/ralia1 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 9 ,melanesia1 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 among ! hill tribes ( ,india & ! =e/ ,indians ( ! ,amazons4 ,!re is /ill "t to s5d exp$itions to ^! regions1 to subsidize m5 on ! spot1 :o are conv]sant ) ! languages & enjoy ! confid5ce ( ! natives2 = !re are su* m5 :o possess or c obta9 ! v k we require1 yet :o1 unaw>e or c>eless ( its ine/imable value = sci5ce1 make no ef=t to pres]ve ! treasure = po/]ity1 &1 if we d n spe$ily come to ! rescue1 w suff] x to p]i% ) !m4 ,9 ! :ole range ( human k at ! pres5t mom5t !re is no m press+ ne$ ?an t ( record+ ?is priceless evid5ce ( man's e>ly hi/ory be=e x is too late4 ,= soon1 v soon1 ! opportunities :i* we /ill enjoy w be gone = ev]4 ,9 ano!r qu>t] ( a c5tury probably !re w be little or no?+ ( ! old savage life left to record4 ,! savage1 su* z we may /ill see him1 w !n be z ext9ct z ! dodo4 ,! s&s are fa/ runn+ out3 ! h\r w soon /rike3 ! record w be clos$3 ! book w be seal$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! duty ( our g5]ation to po/]ity4 ,& h[ %all we ( ?is g5]ation look :5 we /& at ! b> ( po/]ity arraign$ on a *>ge ( high treason to our race1 we :o neglect$ to /udy our p]i%+ fell[-m51 b :o s5t out co/ly exp$itions to obs]ve ! />s & to explore ! b>r5 ice-b\nd regions ( ! poles1 z if ! pol> ice w\ld melt & ! />s w\ld cease to %9e :5 we are gone8 ,let u awake f our slumb]1 let u light our lamps1 let u gird up our lo9s4 ,! ,univ]sities exi/ = ! advancem5t ( k4 ,x is _! duty to add ?is new prov9ce to ! anci5t dep>tm5ts ( le>n+ :i* !y cultivate s dilig5tly4 ,cambridge1 to its hon\r1 has l$ ! way 9 equipp+ & despat*+ an?ropological exp$itions2 x is = ,ox=d1 x is = ,liv]pool1 x is = e ,univ]sity 9 ! l& to jo9 9 ! "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! duty ( ! ,/ate4 ,m ?an t1 x is ! public duty ( e civiliz$ /ate actively to co-op]ate4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 by in/itut+ a bureau = ! /udy ( ! aborig9es )9 its dom9ions1 has set an example #agf :i* e enlight5$ nation t rules ov] l[] races ought to imitate4 ,sid5ote3 ,! duty ( ,engl&4 ,on none does t duty1 t responsibility1 lie m cle>ly & m heavily ?an on our own1 = to none 9 ! :ole c\rse ( human hi/ory has ! sceptre be5 giv5 ov] s _m & s div]se races ( m54 ,we h made ourselves our bro!r's keep]s4 ,woe to u if we neglect our duty to our bro!r6 ,x is n en\gh = u to rule 9 ju/ice ! peoples we h subjugat$ by ! sword4 ,we owe x to !m1 we owe x to ourselves1 we owe x to po/]ity1 :o w require x at our h&s1 t we %\ld describe !m z !y 7 be=e we f\nd !m1 be=e !y ev] saw ! ,engli% flag & he>d1 = good or evil1 ! ,engli% tongue4 ,! voice ( ,engl& speaks to h] subject peoples 9 o!r acc5ts ?an 9 ! ?und] ( h] guns4 ,peace has its triumphs z well z w>3 !re are nobl] trophies ?an captur$ flags & cannons4 ,sid5ote3 ,monum5tum a]e p]5nius4 ,!re are monum5ts1 airy monum5ts1 monum5ts ( words1 :i* seem s fleet+ & evanesc5t1 t w yet la/ :5 y\r cannons h crumbl$ & y\r flags h m\ld]$ into du/4 ,:5 ! ,roman poet wi%$ to pres5t an image ( p]petuity1 he said t he w\ld be rememb]$ s long z ! ,roman ,empire endur$1 s long z ! :ite-rob$ procession ( ! ,ve/als & ,pontiffs %\ld asc5d ! ,capitol to pray 9 ! temple ( ,jupit]4 ,t solemn procession has long ceas$ to climb ! slope ( ! ,capitol1 ! ,roman ,empire itself has long pass$ away1 l ! empire ( ,alex&]1 l ! empire ( ,*>lemagne1 l ! empire ( ,spa91 yet /ill amid ! wreck ( k+doms ! poet's monum5t /&s firm1 = /ill 8 v]ses are read & rememb]$4 ,i appeal to ! ,univ]sities1 ,i appeal to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ?is c\ntry to unite 9 build+ a monum5t1 a b5efic5t monum5t1 ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 a monum5t 8,quod non imb] edax1 non ,aquilo impot5s ,possit diru]e1 aut innum]abilis ,annorum s]ies1 et fuga temporum40 ,! ,end ,,index #agg ,aborig9es ( ,au/ralia1 ! sev]ity ) :i* !y puni% sexual (f5ces1 #ga sqq4 ,abraham & ,s>ah1 #fj sq4 ,abyss9ia1 #ff1 #ha ,action & op9ion1 _! relative values = society1 #aee ,adult]] & injur$ husb&1 physical relation%ip suppos$ to exi/ betwe51 #ajd sq4 ---- call$ a murd]]1 #fe1 #ajd ,adult]y1 expiation =1 #dd sq42 disa/r\s effects suppos$ to fl[ f1 #dd sqq41 #fj sq42 puni%m5t (1 #df1 #ej sq41 #fc sqq42 suppos$ to be dang]\s to ! culprits1 _! sp\ses1 & _! (fspr+1 #ajb sqq4 ,see also ,infidelity4 ,africa1 sup]/iti\s v5]ation = k+s 91 #ab sqq42 sup]/ition z a support ( prop]ty 91 #ch sqq42 disa/r\s effects suppos$ to fl[ f sexual immorality 91 #ed sqq42 ,briti% ,c5tral1 #ff1 #gi1 #aje2 ,briti% ,ea/1 #gg1 #ha1 #ib1 #aje1 #aae1 #abc2 ,g]man ,ea/1 #ib1 #aje1 #ajf2 ,nor?1 #aai ,akamba1 !1 ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 #gg sq41 #aje ,akikuyu1 !1 ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 #ib1 #aje1 #aae1 #abh ,aleutian hunt]s1 #ajf ,algonqu9 ,indians1 _! modes ( keep+ (f gho/s1 #aci ,amboyna1 taboo 91 #bg sq4 ,am]ica1 ,indians ( ,nor?1 #acj sq42 ! discov]y (1 #agc ,amulets = ! protection ( fruit-trees1 #bi sqq4 ,analogy betwe5 ! reproduction ( m51 animals1 & plants1 #ii sqq4 ,ance/or-wor%ip1 #g ,ang] ( gods or spirits at sexual (f5ces1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #ej1 #ea1 #ed1 #ee sq41 #eg1 #fa1 #fc1 #ajg ,angola1 #ajh2 ,cazembes (1 #aa ,angoni1 !1 ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa1 #gi1 #acb ,annam1 savages (1 #df ,annamites1 !1 #cc ,anne1 ,que51 #ah ,ano9t+ ! nail in/ead ( ! w\nd1 #aff ,antambahoaka1 !1 ( ,madagasc>1 #ei ,an?ropology1 social1 ! scope (1 #aeg sqq4 ,anyanja1 !1 ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa1 #ff1 #gi1 #aje ,arab m]*ant 9 ,d>fur1 #ci ,araucanians ( ,*ili1 #hd ,arawaks ( ,briti% ,guiana1 #hc ,areopagus1 trials = murd] be=e !1 #aef ,argos1 massacre at1 #aae ,aric>a ,indians1 #aah ,arm5ians1 _! mutilation ( ! dead1 #acc ,assam1 tribes (1 #de ,attic law z to homicides1 #aad ,atua1 gu>dian _s1 #aah ,atua tonga1 div9ity1 #h ,aunt1 ince/ )1 #ej1 #ea ,au/ralia1 aborig9es (1 ! sev]ity ) :i* !y puni% sexual (f5ces1 #ga sqq4 ----1 ,we/]n1 #gd ,au/ralian aborig9es1 _! precautions aga9/ gho/s1 #acg ,avebury1 ,"l1 #aei ,avoidance1 c]emonial1 ( relations by m>riage1 #ge sqq42 a precaution aga9/ ince/1 #ge1 #hd sqq41 #ic2 ( wife's "m1 #ge sqq41 #hf sq41 #ij sq42 betwe5 fa!r-9-law & daught]-9-law1 #gf2 betwe5 v>i\s relations1 #gf sq42 betwe5 fa!r & daught]1 #gh1 #he1 #hg2 betwe5 fa!r-9-law & son-9-law1 #gi sq42 ( wife ( wife's bro!r1 #hj2 ( bro!rs-9-law & si/]s-9-law1 #ha2 ( future p>5ts-9-law1 #ha1 #hc2 betwe5 woman & h] fa!r-9-law1 #hb2 betwe5 a man & 8 fa!r-9-law1 #hb1 #hc2 ( blood relations1 #hd sqq42 betwe5 bro!r & si/]1 #he1 #agh #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #ij2 betwe5 "m & son1 #he1 #hf1 #hg ,awemba1 !1 ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia1 #ff1 #gi1 #ajc sq41 #abj ,babylonian code ( ,hammurabi1 #fd ---- k+s1 _! curses1 #cg sq4 ,baddat ,dyaks ( ,borneo1 #dh ,bag&a1 puni%m5t ( sexual (f5ces among !1 #fd sq42 rules ( c]emonial avoidance among !1 #ij sq42 _! ideas z to adult]y1 #ajb sq42 _! ideas z to effect ( wife's infidelity on abs5t husb&1 #ajf sq4 ,bak]ewe1 a ,bantu p1 #gh ,bali1 puni%m5t ( ince/ & adult]y 91 #fh ,balkan p59sula1 ! ,slavs ( !1 #ig ,balonda1 !1 #ch ,bangala1 !1 ( ! ,upp] ,congo1 #ajg ,banggai ,ar*ipelago1 #ed ,bani%m5t ( homicides1 #aac sqq4 ,banks' ,isl&s1 #f1 #hf ,bann]1 a fairy1 #ag ,bantu tribes1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 #gi1 #hj1 #ha1 #ajc1 #abc ,bantus1 !1 ( ,s\? ,africa1 _! cu/oms z to ! m>riage ( c\s9s1 #ia ,b>ea1 !1 tribe on ! bord]s ( ,abyss9ia1 #ff ,b>r+ ! road f ! grave aga9/ ! gho/1 #ach sq4 ,basis ( morality %ift$ f sup]natural to natural1 #aec ,basoga1 !1 ( ,c5tral ,africa1 #fe ,ba/>ds put to dea?1 #if1 #ig ,basutos1 !1 #ef2 purification = homicide among !1 #abj sq4 ,batamba1 !1 ( ,busoga1 #gf ,batang ,lup> riv] 9 ,borneo1 #dh ,battas1 or ,bataks1 ( ,sumatra1 _! ideas z to sexual immorality1 #df2 _! puni%m5t ( adult]y1 #fi2 _! rules ( c]emonial avoidance1 #he ,bavili1 !1 ( ,loango1 #ee ,ba-,yaka1 !1 ( ! ,congo ,free ,/ate1 #abd ,bee*1 ,m4 ,w4 ,h41 #abi n4 #a ,belief 9 immortality a fruitful s\rce ( w>1 #abi sq42 wa/e ( life & prop]ty entail$ by !1 #aaa sq4 ,bella ,coola ,indians1 m\rn+ cu/oms ( !1 #add ,b5i ,am]1 tribe on ! bord]s ( ,abyss9ia1 #ff ,b]+ ,/rait1 #acb ,besisi1 !1 ( ! ,malay ,p59sula1 #acg ,bhotias1 !1 ( ! ,himalayas1 #ada ,bilaspore 9 ,india1 #acc ,bism>ck ,ar*ipelago1 #aca ,black & :ite ,furies1 #aag ,blood ( pigs us$ 9 expiatory c]emonies1 #dd sqq42 ( ince/u\s p]sons n to be %$ on ! gr\nd1 #eb1 #ec1 #fh2 ( pigs us$ 9 c]emonies ( purification1 #aaf sq42 ( ! sla9 drunk by ! slay]s1 #aah sq4 ,blood cov5ant1 #aah1 #aai ---- relations1 c]emonial avoidance (1 #hd sqq4 ,blu-u ,kayans1 !1 ( ,borneo1 #ea ,boas1 ,franz1 quot$1 #abf sq41 #adf sq4 ,bogos1 tribe on bord]s ( ,abyss9ia1 #ha ,bolivia1 #ajf ,boloki1 !1 ( ! ,congo1 #ci1 #ge1 #ajg1 #abh ,borneo1 ! ,sea ,dyaks (1 #cd1 #dg sq41 #ea1 #acf2 pagan tribes (1 #di sq42 tribes ( ,dut*1 #ej sq4 ,brazil1 ,indians (1 #if ,briti% ,columbia1 m\rn+ cu/oms among ! tribes (1 #adb sqq4 ,brooke1 ,*>les1 quot$1 #ej ,brooke1 ,rajah1 #ab ,bro!r & si/]1 c]emonial avoidance betwe51 #gg1 #he1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #ij2 ince/ (1 #ea1 #ed1 #ei1 #fj n4 #a1 #fb1 #fg1 #fh ,bro!rs-9-law & si/]s-9-law1 mutual avoidance (1 #ha ,buduma1 !1 ( ,lake ,*ad1 #aji ,bug9eese1 !1 ( ,celebes1 #ea ,bukaua1 tribe ( ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea1 #hb1 #aca ,bureau ( ,e?nology 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,am]ica1 #age ,burgundians1 !1 #af ,burma1 #aai1 #acj1 #acd1 #ace1 #ach2 ! ,k>5s (1 #dd sq4 ,burn+ z puni%m5t ( sexual crime1 #fc1 #fd1 #fh ,buru1 an ,ea/ ,indian isl&1 #aji n4 #c ,bury+ alive z puni%m5t1 #df1 #fh1 #fi ,busoga1 #gf ,cairbre ,musc1 ,iri% leg5d (1 #fb ,calabria1 sup]/ition z to murd]]s 91 #aai ,cali=nian ,indians1 #hc ,cambridge 9 relation to an?ropology1 #age ,cam]oon negroes1 #aaf ,c> ,nicob>1 rite ( purification 91 #aaf sq4 ,c>ibs1 !1 #hc ,c>ol9e ,isl&s1 rules ( c]emonial avoidance 9 !1 #hg sq4 ,cazembes ( ,angola1 #aa ,celebes1 #fh ---- ,c5tral1 #ab1 #bi1 #cj1 #eb1 #ec1 #abb ---- ,s\!rn1 #ea ,celts ( ,irel& & ,scotl&1 #ag ,c5tral ,prov9ces ( ,india1 #cc #agi ,c]am1 isl& (1 #ea2 taboo 91 #bh ---- ,laut ,isl&s1 taboo 91 #bh sq4 ,ceylon1 modes ( protect+ prop]ty 91 #cc ,*ad1 ,lake1 #aji ,*>ms to protect prop]ty1 #be sqq41 #ch sq41 #da sqq42 = ! protection ( fruit-trees1 #bi sqq4 ,*a/ity requir$ ( ^? :o h&le corn or ent] a gran>y1 #ef sq4 ,*iefs1 sup]natural p[]s attribut$ to1 #f sqq4 ,*ildr5 suppos$ to suff] = ! adult]y ( _! fa!r or "m1 #ajb sqq4 ,*ili1 #hd ,*9ese1 _! fai? 9 gho/s1 #adi sqq4 ,*9ook ,indians1 _! purification ( homicides1 #abf sq4 ,*9s ( ,burma1 _! burial cu/oms1 #ach sq4 ,*itom1 ! sacr$ pontiff ( ,congo1 #ajh ,circumcision1 orgies at1 9 ,fiji1 #fj n4 #a ,civilization evolv$ f savag]y1 #afb2 endang]$ by sup]/ition1 #agj ,clan1 m>riage )9 !1 =bidd51 #de1 #fe1 #ga2 m>riage )9 "m's clan =bidd51 #ee ,claudius1 ! emp]or1 #fa ,clytemne/ra1 gho/ (1 #aah ,codr+ton1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,h41 #f1 #he n4 #a1 #hf ,communism1 era ( sexual1 #afd sq4 ,comp>ative ,me?od 9 an?ropology1 legitimacy ( !1 #agb ,condon1 ,fa!r ,m4 ,a41 quot$1 #gf sq4 ,confession ( s91 #de1 #eg1 #fa1 #fb1 #fd sq41 #ajc1 #ajd1 #ajg1 #aji ,congo1 !1 #ci1 #ge1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #abd ,consangu9e\s m>riages1 "q z to ! results (1 #ie sq4 ,cont95ce requir$ at c]ta9 times1 #ajf sq41 #ajh ,corc & ,cormac1 ,iri% leg5d (1 #fb sq4 ,corn1 *a/ity requir$ ( p]sons :o h&le1 #ef sq4 ,corpses mutilat$ 9 ord] to disable ! gho/s1 #acb sq41 #acd1 #acf1 #acg ,c\s9s1 m>riage (1 #hh sq41 #ia2 expiation =1 #dg sq41 #ib sq42 =bidd51 #dg1 #dh1 #ec1 #fg1 #gb1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib2 puni%$1 #fg2 suppos$ to be unfruitful1 #ib ----1 mutual avoidance betwe5 male & female1 #hh sqq4 ,c['s dung z a det]g5t ( gho/s1 #abc ,c[p]1 ! poet1 #agd ,craw=d1 ,raymond1 #ag n4 #e ,crim9als1 precautions aga9/ ! gho/s ( execut$1 #acb ,crops1 *iefs & k+s ?\ght to h p[] ov] !1 #aa sq41 #ae1 #af sq42 suppos$ to be blight$ by sexual immorality1 #dd sq41 #df1 #dh1 #di1 #ej sqq4 ,cross-/ick taboo1 #be ,cumana 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 #cc ,curses z modes ( protect+ prop]ty1 #bd sq41 #bh1 #bi1 #ca sq41 #cd sqq41 #dj sq4 ,cycles 9 human affairs1 #afe sq4 ,cynae?a 9 ,arcadia1 #aae ,damzogs1 gu>dian-spirits ( prop]ty1 #ci sq4 ,d>fur1 #ci1 #ha ,daught]1 ince/ )1 #di1 #ea1 #ed1 #eh1 #fg1 #fh2 & fa!r1 mutual avoidance (1 #gh ,david1 8 s91 #ajg ,dawson1 ,james1 quot$1 #ga sq4 ,dead1 ! fe> ( !1 #aaa sq42 c>ri$ out ( h\se by a special op5+1 #ace ,de ,groot1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,j4 ,m41 quot$1 #aej sq4 ,delagoa ,bay1 #eg1 #hj1 #ib1 #ajd1 #aba ,delphic oracle1 #fa ,demet] & ,p]sephone1 #cf ,de/ruction ( ! prop]ty ( ! dead1 #aaa sq41 #ace ,deut]onomy1 #cg ,developm5t ( moral !ory1 hypo!tical1 #ajb 8,devil go+ on 8 wife10 #ed n4 #b ,devils1 exorcism (1 #aaf sq4 ,diana1 sacr$ grove (1 #fa ,d9kas1 !1 ( ! ,upp] ,nile1 #eg ,div9ity ( ,maori *iefs1 #g sqq42 ( k+s1 #aj sqq4 ,donaglas1 !1 #ha d',orbigny1 ,a41 quot$1 #aaa sqq4 ,doreh 9 ,dut* ,new ,gu9ea1 #aca ,dos ,santos1 ,j41 ,portuguese hi/orian1 #ac1 #ad ,dr9k+ wat] z te/ ( wife's fidelity1 #ajg ,dr[n+ z a puni%m5t = sexual (f5ces1 #di1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec1 #ed1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh ,dunvegan1 #ag ,durham1 ,miss ,m4 ,edi?1 #ig ,dyaks ( ,borneo1 #dg sq41 #ea1 #acg2 curses among !1 #cd sqq4 ---- ( ,s>awak1 #aa ,e>ly hi/ory ( mank9d1 ! imp]fection ( ! record1 #aga sq4 ,e>?quakes ?\ght to be caus$ by sexual immorality1 #ed ,ea/ ,indies1 sexual (f5ces sev]ely puni%$ 91 #fg sqq4 ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 #ah ,egypt1 div9ity ( k+s 9 anci5t1 #ad sq4 ,ekoi1 !1 ( ,s\!rn ,nig]ia1 #ci ,epidemics suppos$ to be caus$ by ince/1 #df1 #ea ,eruptions ( volcanoes suppos$ to be caus$ by ince/1 #ed #ahj ,esquimaux ( ,b]+ ,/rait1 #acb ,evolution1 a scale ( m5tal1 #agb ,ewe negroes ( ,togol&1 #adb ---- speak+ tribes ( ! ,slave ,coa/1 #da ,execution]s ta/e ! blood ( _! victims1 #aai ,exorcism ( devils1 #aaf sq4 ,expiation = sexual immorality1 #dd sqq41 #eg1 #fa1 #fb sq42 = m>riage ( c\s9s1 #ib sq42 = ince/1 #aje sq42 = homicide1 #abh sq4 ,ext9ction ( ! savage1 #agd sq4 ,fady1 or taboo1 9 ,madagasc>1 #ca sq4 ,fairy bann]1 #ag ---- *angel+1 #aff ,fa!r1 ince/ )1 #ajf ---- & daught]1 mutual avoidance (1 #gh1 #he1 #hg ,fa!r-9-law avoid$ c]emonially by 8 daught]-9-law1 #hb2 avoid$ c]emonially by 8 son-9-law1 #hb1 #hc ,fe> ( gho/s1 #aaa sqq42 salut>y effect (1 #aaa1 #aac1 #adi sqq42 ( wom5 :o die 9 pregnancy or *ildb$1 #acc sqq4 ,f]tility ( wom5 & cattle1 suppos$ p[] ( *iefs & k+s ov] !1 #ad1 #af2 ( l& suppos$ to be impair$ by sexual (f5ces1 #dd sqq4 ----1 ,diana a goddess (1 #fa sq4 ,feti%es 9 ,gu9ea1 #da ,fett]s put on ! dead1 #acg ,fidelity1 te/ ( conjugal1 #ajg ,fig-tree1 sacr$1 among ! ,akikuyu1 #abh sq4 ,fiji1 au?ority ( *iefs 91 #g2 taboo 91 #bg2 orgies at circumcision 91 #fj n4 #a ,fijians1 _! cu/om ( driv+ away gho/s1 #aca sq4 ,f+]1 sacrifice (1 #aag ,fir/-fruits (f]$ to *iefs1 #g ,fi% sacr$1 #cf ,floods suppos$ to be caus$ by ince/1 #di ,folklore1 a dep>tm5t ( ,social ,an?ropology1 #aff1 #afi ,food-supply suppos$ to be affect$ by improp] relations betwe5 ! sexes1 #ajj sq4 ,=nication1 expiation =1 #dd sq42 disa/r\s effects suppos$ to fl[ f1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #ej1 #ea1 #ee1 #eg1 #fc1 #fe1 #if2 puni%m5t (1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #ej1 #ea1 #ee1 #eg1 #fc1 #fe1 #ff1 #if sqq4 ,fr5zy caus$ by sight or ?\ght ( blood1 #abb sq4 ,fruit-trees1 *>ms = ! protection (1 #bi sqq4 ,furies ( ,clytemne/ra1 #aag ,galel>eese1 !1 ( ,halmah]a1 #ed ,galton1 ,sir ,francis1 #aei ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 quot$1 #ae sq42 on ! ,incas1 #agc ,g>d5s1 sup]/ition z to1 #eg ,g5nep1 ,a4 van1 #ca ,gho/ly p[] ascrib$ to *iefs1 #f sq4 ,gho/s z protectors ( prop]ty1 #bf2 ! fe> (1 #aaa sqq42 salut>y effect ( belief 91 #aaa1 #aac1 #adi sqq42 ( all :o h di$ viol5t dea?s acc\nt$ dang]\s1 #acj2 ( bad p1 precautions aga9/ !1 #acb sq42 disabl$ by ! mutilation ( _! corpses1 #acb sq41 #acd1 #acf1 #acg2 bl9d$1 #acc ---- & gobl9s outla/ ! high gods1 #agj sq4 ---- ( sla9 especially dread$ by _! slay]s1 #aac sqq42 ?\ght to drive _! slay]s mad1 #aag sqq42 precautions tak5 by slay]s aga9/ !1 #aag sqq41 #abc sqq42 sc>$ or driv5 away1 #abf1 #acj sqq42 especially dread$ by _! k9sfolk & neighb\rs1 #abg sqq4 ---- ( wom5 dy+ 9 pregnancy or *ildb$ especially fe>$1 #acc sqq4 ,girdle ( r$ fea!rs1 badge ( royalty1 #aj ,girs*n]1 ,max1 quot$1 #hg sq4 ,goat1 expiatory sacrifice (1 #ib ,gods or spirits angry at sexual (f5ces1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #ej1 #ea1 #ed1 #ee sq41 #eg1 #fa1 #fc1 #ajg2 ! creations ( man's fancy1 #ii2 ! /alk+-horses ( savages1 #aja2 ! high1 ephem]al comp>$ to gho/s & gobl9s1 #agj sq4 ,gov]nm5t1 sup]/ition z a prop (1 #f sqq42 ( mank9d ess5tially ari/ocratic1 #afg ,gov]nors1 sup]natural p[]s attribut$ to1 #f ,gran>ies1 sup]/itions conc]n+1 #ef sq4 ,gran ,*aco1 ,indians ( !1 #adj ,gr&daught]1 ince/ )1 #dh ,grave1 ! road f !1 b>r$ aga9/ ! gho/1 #ach sq4 ,greas+ ! h&s ( ! dead1 #acg sq4 ,greece1 sup]/iti\s v5]ation = k+s 9 ,hom]ic1 #af ,greegrees1 *>ms1 #db ,greek purification ( homicides1 #aaf1 #abj1 #abc sq4 ,greeks1 ! anci5t1 _! use ( curses1 #cf sq42 _! ideas z to ince/1 #fa2 _! cu/oms z to homicide1 #aac sq4 ,grimm1 ! bro!rs1 #afi sq4 ,guiana1 ,briti%1 #hc2 ,indians (1 _! notion z to homicides1 #aag sq4 ,gu9ea1 feti%es 91 #da ,gula1 ,babylonian goddess1 #ch ,haida ,indians ( ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 #ajg #aha ,hair ( homicides %av$1 #abc sq41 #abh ,halmah]a1 ,ea/ ,indian isl&1 #ed ,hammurabi1 code (1 #fd ,hang+ z puni%m5t = ince/1 #ij ,hebrews1 _! ideas z to adult]y1 #fj sq4 ,h]aclitus on purification = homicide1 #aag ,h]b]t ,riv] 9 ,que5sl&1 #acg ,h]]o1 !1 ( ,s\? ,africa1 #acc ,h]zegov9a1 #ih ,h9doos ( ! ,punjaub1 #acc2 anci5t1 burial cu/om ( !1 #acg ,hippopotamus hunt]s1 sup]/itions (1 #eg sqq4 ,hi/ory regulat$ by g5]al laws1 #afj2 ( mank9d1 imp]fection ( ! e>ly records1 #aga sq4 ,hl5g\es1 !1 ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,africa1 #eg ,hobley1 ,c4 ,w41 #aje n4 #b2 quot$1 #aae n4 #e ,homicide1 purification =1 #aad1 #aae sqq41 #abj sqq41 #abc sqq42 expiation =1 #abh sq4 ,homicides fe> ! gho/s ( _! victims1 #aac sqq42 seclud$1 #aad sq41 #abj1 #aba sq41 #abd1 #abe sqq42 ta/e ! blood ( _! victims1 #aah sq4 ,horror ( sexual irregul>ities among savages1 sugge/$ reason =1 #aja ,hose1 ,*41 & ,mc,dougall1 ,w41 quot$1 #di sq4 ,hott5tots =bid m>riage ( c\s9s1 #fg ,h[itt1 ,a4 ,w41 #ge n4 #a1 #he n4 #a ,hui*ol ,indians ( ,mexico1 #ajf ,human hi/ory regulat$ by g5]al laws1 #afj ---- life1 sup]/ition z a prop to ! security (1 #aaa sqq4 ,hu?1 ,a4 ,h41 #ie ,hypo!ses1 _! place 9 sci5ce1 #agb ,ibo1 !1 ( ,nig]ia1 #aai ,iguana us$ 9 magic1 #cj sq4 ,illegitimate *ildr5 put to dea?1 #if sq4 ,immorality1 sexual1 disa/r\s effects believ$ to fl[ f1 #dd sqq41 #fc2 suppos$ to di/urb ! c\rse ( nature1 #ii sqq42 orig9al gr\nd ( ! conception unkn[n1 #ajb2 suppos$ to be injuri\s to ! culprits !mselves & _! relations1 #ajb sqq42 sup]/ition z to1 #aaj ,immortality1 wa/e ( life & prop]ty entail$ by ! belief 91 #aaa sq42 belief 91 a fruitful s\rce ( w>1 #abi sq4 ,impalem5t z puni%m5t ( adult]y1 #fg ,inbre$+1 "q ( ! effects (1 #ie sq4 ,incas ( ,p]u1 #agc ,ince/1 disa/r\s effects suppos$ to fl[ f1 #de sqq41 #fa2 ) gr&daught]1 #dh2 ) adopt$ daught]1 #di2 puni%m5t (1 #di sq41 #ea1 #eb sqq41 #ij1 #ia2 ) aunt1 #ej1 #ea2 ) a "m1 #ea1 #fa1 #fg2 ) a niece1 #ea1 #ec2 ) a daught]1 #ea1 #ed1 #eh1 #fg1 #fh2 ) a si/]1 #ea1 #ed1 #ei1 #fj n4 #a1 #fb1 #fg1 #fh1 #aje2 enjo9$ 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 #eg sqq42 expiation =1 #aje sq42 ) fa!r1 #ajf ,india1 sup]/iti\s v5]ation = k+s 9 anci5t1 #af ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 precautions aga9/ gho/s ( wom5 dy+ 9 *ildb$ 9 !1 #acf ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 _! cu/om ( driv+ away ! gho/s ( ! sla91 #acj sq4 ,infanticide 9 ,*9a *eck$ by fe> ( gho/s1 #aej sq4 ,infection1 physical1 suppos$ to be spread by un*a/e p]sons1 #aji ,inf]tile m>riage1 dread (1 #id ,inf]tility ?\ght to be caus$ by sexual immorality1 #eg1 #fj sq42 ( wom5 & cattle suppos$ to be caus$ by =nication1 #aji sq4 ,infidelity ( husb& suppos$ to be dang]\s to 8 (fspr+1 #ajc2 ( wife suppos$ to endang] h] husb&1 #ajf sqq4 ,see also ,adult]y ,inoculation1 magical1 ( hunt]s1 #eg sq42 ( homicides1 #aba ,insanity1 tempor>y1 caus$ by blood1 #abb sq4 ,in/itutions1 e>ly hi/ory (1 imp]fections 9 ! records1 #aga sq4 ,irel&1 sup]/itions z to k+s 9 anci5t1 #ag ,iri% leg5d z to ince/ ( bro!r & si/]1 #fb ,i%t>1 ! goddess1 #ch ,isla del ,malhado 9 ,florida1 #hc ,iss\dun 9 ,briti% ,new ,gu9ea1 #adg ,ja-,luo1 !1 ( ,kavirondo1 #abc ,job on adult]y1 #fj ,johnson1 ,dr4 ,s41 #ag1 #ah2 on ,voyages to ! ,s\? ,seas1 #agc ,jok1 ance/ral spirits1 #eg ,j\/ra1 ,m41 #he n4 #a ,jupagalk tribe ( ,au/ralia1 #gd ,juris1 !1 ( ,brazil1 #cc ,kabyles1 !1 ( ,nor? ,africa1 #aai ,ka*9s ( ,burma1 _! fe> ( ! gho/s ( wom5 dy+ 9 *ildb$1 #ace sq4 ,kai1 !1 ( ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea1 _! fe> ( ! gho/s ( ! sla91 #abd sq4 ,kamil>oi tribe ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 #gd #ahb ,k>5s ( ,burma1 _! ideas z to sexual immorality1 #dd sq42 _! dread ( gho/s1 #acj ,kavirondo1 !1 ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 #fe1 #abc ,kaw>s1 !1 #cc ,kayans1 !1 ( ,borneo1 #di1 #ej1 #ea ,khasis1 !1 ( ,assam1 #de ,kickapoo ,indians1 #acj ,kikuyu4 ,see ,akikuyu ,k+'s ,evil1 t\*+ =1 #ag sq4 ,k+s1 sup]/iti\s v5]ation =1 #aj sqq4 ---- ( ,tahiti1 _! sacr$ness #aj sq4 ,k\is1 !1 ( ,laos1 #cb ,kubus1 !1 ( ,sumatra1 #fg ,kwakiutl ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia1 m\rn+ cu/oms ( !1 #adf sq4 ,l&m>ks protect$ by gods & curses1 #cg sq4 ,laos1 #cb ,laurel leaves us$ 9 purificatory rites1 #aag ,laws regulat+ m>riage1 _! orig9 unkn[n1 #ajb2 :i* regulate human hi/ory1 #afj ,lead5 tablets1 #cf ,leap+ ov] grave ( murd]$ man1 #aai ,leaves us$ 9 exorcism1 #aaf sq4 ,l5gua ,indians1 _! fe> ( gho/s1 #adj sq4 ,leviticus1 #fa ,lic5ce1 p]iods (1 #fj n4 #a ,lightn+ a puni%m5t ( ince/1 #de ,lillooet ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia1 m\rn+ cu/oms ( !1 #ade sq4 ,liv+/one1 ,david1 quot$1 #ch ,lkung5 or ,songi% ,indians ( ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 m\rn+ cu/oms ( !1 #adc ,loango1 ! k+ (1 #ab1 #ac2 ideas z to sexual immorality 91 #ed sq4 ,lombok1 sexual (f5ces sev]ely puni%$ 91 #gj ,looboos1 a p ( ,sumatra1 #hb1 #aji ,loo1 pollution incurr$ by un*a/ity1 #aji ,lo[oo1 9 ,celebes1 #ab ,l\is ,,xv41 #ah ,l\is ,,xvi41 #ah ,l[1 ,hugh1 #dh ,lu%ai1 !1 ( ,nor?-,ea/]n ,india1 #aai sq4 ,macass>s1 !1 ( ,celebes1 #ea ,mc,dougall1 ,w41 & ,hose1 ,*41 quot$1 #di sq4 ,macleods1 *ief ( !1 #ag ,madagasc>1 #ei1 #ajf2 taboo 91 #ca sq4 ,madness suppos$ to be caus$ by homicide1 #aag sqq4 ,magic old] ?an religion1 #ajj ,magical rites t5d to become religi\s1 #ajj ,maim+ z a puni%m5t ( adult]y1 #fd ,malagasy *>ms1 #ca ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 taboo 9 !1 #bg sq4 ---- ,p59sula1 #acg ---- peoples1 ! sev]ity ) :i* !y puni% sexual (f5ces1 #gj sq4 ---- region1 div9ity ( k+s 9 !1 #aa sqq4 ,mal\lekes1 !1 ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,africa1 #eg ,mamo$joe1 di/rict ( ,celebes1 #fh ,man1 ! sci5ce (1 #aei sq42 primval1 unkn[n1 #afc sq4 ,mana1 sup]natural p[]1 #f ,mang>s1 a tribe ( ,nepal1 #ach ,mank9d dom9at$ by an enlight5$ m9ority1 #afg sq4 ,manslay]4 ,see ,homicide ,mant9eans1 _! purification1 #aae ,manu1 laws (1 #af1 #fc ,maori *iefs1 au?ority (1 #g sqq42 e/eem$ gods1 #g sq4 ,maoris1 taboo among !1 #bj sqq4 ,m>ks ( taboo to protect prop]ty1 #be sqq41 #ch sq41 #da sqq4 ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 taboo 9 !1 #bc sq4 ,m>rah1 9 ,d>fur1 #ci ,m>riage1 sup]/ition 9 relation to1 #dd sqq4 ---- ( c\s9s1 diff]5t cu/oms z to !1 #hh sq41 #ia2 =bidd51 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib1 suppos$ to be unfruitful1 #ib2 expiation = !1 #ib sq4 ---- laws1 _! orig9 unkn[n1 #ajb ,m>riages1 consangu9e\s1 "q z to ! results (1 #ie sq4 ,masai1 !1 ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 #ha2 ( ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa1 #aje ,m$ic9e-man1 respect =1 #ad ,melanesia1 taboo z a pres]v] ( prop]ty 91 #bf sq4 ,melanesians1 au?ority ( *iefs among !1 #f sq42 rules ( c]emonial avoidance among/ !1 #hf sq42 ( ! ,bism>ck ,ar*ipelago1 #aca ,m5 ,aziott5os1 #cg ,m5 naturally unequal1 #aff sq4 ,m5tal evolution1 a scale (1 #agb ,meteors1 sup]/ition z to1 #ada ,milky ,way1 #ada ,mimic w>f>e1 #abi ,mimicry 9 magic1 #ajj ,m9ority1 mank9d dom9at$ by an enlight5$1 #afg sq4 ,mont5egr9 peasantry1 _! /rict views ( sexual immorality1 #ig ,moral !ory1 hypo!tical developm5t (1 #ajb #ahc ,morality1 sexual1 en=c$ by sup]/ition1 #dd sqq42 *ange 9 ! !oretical basis (1 #aja sq42 basis (1 %ift$ f sup]natural to natural1 #aec ,morocco1 sup]/itions conc]n+ gran>ies 91 #ef sq4 ,mosaic law1 puni%m5ts = sexual (f5ces "u !1 #fd ,"m1 ince/ ) a1 #ea1 #fa2 & son1 c]emonial avoidance betwe51 #he1 #hf1 #hg ,"m-9-law1 c]emonial avoidance (1 #ge sqq41 #hf sq41 #ij sq4 ,m\nt ,elgon1 #abc ,m\rn+ cu/oms ( wid[s & wid[]s1 #adb sqq4 ,moxos ,indians ( ,bolivia1 #ajf ,mukj>awa9t tribe ( ,victoria1 #gd ,murd]]1 rules obs]v$ by p>don$1 #abf ,murd]]s1 _! precautions aga9/ ! gho/s ( _! victims1 #aag sqq4 ,mutilation ( corpses 9 ord] to disable ! gho/s1 #acb sq41 #acd1 #acf1 #acg2 ( ! dy+ or dead1 #ada ,nails us$ to prev5t gho/s f walk+1 #acc ,names ( k+s sacr$1 #aj ,n&i1 !1 ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 #ad1 #ef1 #ff1 #aah2 curses among !1 #dj sq4 ,nat*ez ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 #abd ,natural inequality ( m51 #aff sq4 ,nature1 :y illicit relations betwe5 ! sexes are ?\ght to di/urb ! balance (1 #ii sqq4 ---- ! ,sph9x1 #ajb ,nebu*adnezz>1 ! k+1 quot$1 #cg sq4 ,nepal1 #ach ,nets to cat* gho/s1 #aci ,new ,brita91 #aji2 taboo 91 #bf sq4 ---- ,gu9ea1 ,briti%1 #abe1 #adg2 ,dut*1 #aca2 ,g]man1 #hb1 #abd1 #abg1 #aca ---- ,hebrides1 #hf ---- ,irel&1 #hi1 #ij ---- ,meckl5burg1 #hi ---- ,s\? ,wales1 #gd ---- ,zeal&1 au?ority ( *iefs 91 #g sqq4 ,nias1 ! isl& (1 #df sq42 curses 91 #cd ,niece1 ince/ )1 #ea1 #ec ,nig]1 tribes ( ! ,l[]1 #aai ,nile1 ! ,upp]1 #eg ,n9ib1 ,babylonian god1 #ch ,nuru1 ! _s ( ! sla91 #aba ,nusku1 ,babylonian god1 #ch ,oa?s & imprecations z pres]v]s ( prop]ty1 #bd sqq4 ,see also ,curses ,obeah man1 magician1 #db ,obi1 magic1 #db ,o$ipus1 ! ince/ (1 #fa ,ojbways1 _! modes ( keep+ (f gho/s1 #aci sq4 ,omaha ,indians1 #acb sq42 _! cu/oms z to p>don$ murd]]s1 #abf ,op9ion & action1 _! relative values = society1 #aee ,orang ,glai1 !1 savages ( ,annam1 #df ,oraons ( ,b5gal1 _! fe> ( ! gho/s ( wom5 dy+ 9 *ildb$ or pregnancy1 #acd ,oregon1 ,*9ook ,indians (1 #abf ,ore/es1 ! matricide1 #aad1 #aae1 #aag1 #aah1 #aai1 #abf ,or9oco1 !1 #aab ,ottawa ,indians1 #aca ,ovakumbi1 a tribe ( ,angola1 #ajh ,ovambo1 a ,bantu p ( ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 #hj sq4 ,pacific1 fir/ exploration ( !1 #agc ,pae/um1 ! temples at1 #agj ,pa9t-h\se1 !1 #ee ,pamali1 taboo1 #bg ,papuans ( ,new ,gu9ea1 #aca2 ( ,iss\dun1 #adg ,p>5ts-9-law1 c]emonial avoidance by man ( 8 future1 #ha1 #hc ,p>ricide1 ,roman puni%m5t (1 #eb2 guilt (1 #fa ,pasemh]s1 a tribe ( ,sumatra1 #fi ,pasir1 a di/rict ( ,borneo1 #ea ,patagonians1 _! fe> ( ! dead1 #aaa sqq4 ,peasantry ( ,europe1 _! intellectual savag]y1 #agj ,pemali1 taboo1 #bg ,pepp] put 9 eyes ( corpse to bl9d gho/1 #acc ,p]ham1 ,j41 #dg ,p]sephone1 #cf ,p]u1 ! ,yncas (1 #ae sq41 #agc ,pet>a1 ,dyak "n = deity1 #dg ,pig's blood us$ 9 c]emonies ( purification1 #aaf sq4 ,pigs us$ 9 expiatory c]emonies1 #dd sqq4 ,physical causation1 false notions (1 #ajj ---- infection suppos$ to be spread by un*a/e p]sons1 #aji ---- relation%ip suppos$ to exi/ betwe5 adult]] & injur$ husb&1 #ajd sq4 ,plato on sanctity ( l&m>ks1 #cg ,pollution1 c]emonial1 #ic1 #aje2 incurr$ by homicide1 #aae sqq41 #abh ----1 dang]\s1 suppos$ to be incurr$ by un*a/ity1 #aji ,polynesia1 au?ority ( *iefs 91 #g sqq42 taboo 91 #bj sqq4 ,pomali1 taboo1 #bg ,pontianak1 gho/ ( woman :o di$ 9 *ildb$1 #acg n4 #ahd ,precautions tak5 by homicides aga9/ ! gho/s ( _! victims1 #aag sqq41 #abc sqq42 aga9/ ! gho/s ( bad p1 #acb sq42 aga9/ gho/s ( wom5 dy+ 9 pregnancy or *ildb$1 #acc sqq42 tak5 by wid[s & wid[]s aga9/ ! gho/s ( _! sp\ses1 #adb sqq4 ,prehi/oric ages1 imp]fections 9 ! records (1 #aga sq4 ,primval man unkn[n1 #afc sq4 ,primitive1 relative s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is appli$ to exi/+ savages1 #afc sq4 ,private prop]ty1 sup]/ition z a prop (1 #bj sqq4 ,propagation ( animals & plants suppos$ to be affect$ by ! relations ( ! human sexes1 #ii sqq4 ,prop]ty1 sup]/ition z a support ( private1 #bj sqq42 ( ! dead de/roy$1 #aaa sq41 #ace ,psanyi1 #abb ,punans1 !1 ( ,borneo1 #ej ,puni%m5ts1 sev]e1 = sexual (f5ces1 #fc sqq41 #if sqq4 ,punjaub1 !1 #acc ,purification = un*a/ity by means ( blood1 #dd sqq42 = un*a/ity by means ( wat]1 #aji2 = homicide1 #aad1 #aae sqq41 #abj sqq41 #abc sqq42 & capital puni%m5t1 #aea sq4 ,que5 ,anne1 #ah ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 #ajg ,que5 ,draga ( ,s]via1 #ig ,que5sl&1 native tribes (1 #gb sqq42 _! mutilation ( ! dead1 #acg ,ra91 k+s expect$ to give1 #ac sq42 failure or excess (1 suppos$ to be caus$ by sexual immorality1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef ,rajah ,brooke1 #ab ,rajamahal 9 ,b5gal1 #de ,raman&roany1 a ,malagasy deity1 #ca ,rape1 puni%m5t (1 #ff ,r$ pa9t put on homicides1 #aah1 #abd1 #abg ,regalia1 sanctity (1 #aa ,relations by m>riage1 c]emonial avoidance (1 #ge sqq4 ,religion supplies ! new !oretical basis ( sexual morality1 #aja2 ( "o g5]ation ! sup]/ition ( ! next1 #agj sq4 ---- & magic1 _! relations1 #ajj ,r5an1 ,erne/1 on ! m5ace to civilization1 #agj ,reproduction ( m51 animals1 & plants1 analogy betwe5 !1 #ii sq4 ,rhodesia1 ,nor!rn1 #ff1 #gi1 #ajc1 #abj ,rhys1 ,sir ,john1 quot$1 #ed n4 #b1 #fb sq4 ,rio de ,janeiro1 #if ,risley1 ,sir ,h]b]t ,h41 quot$1 #ach ,road f ! grave b>r$ aga9/ ! gho/1 #ach sq4 ,rob]t ! ,pi\s1 #ah ,roman cu/om z to ince/1 #fa sq4 ---- puni%m5t ( p>ricide1 #eb ,roscoe1 ,rev4 ,j41 quot$1 #fd sq41 #ij sq41 #ajb sq4 ,ru&a1 a di/rict ( ,c5tral ,africa1 #if ,sacr$ *iefs1 #g sqq4 ---- fig-tree among ! ,akikuyu1 #abh sq4 ---- fi%1 #cf ,sacr$ness ( *iefs 9 ,polynesia1 #g sqq4 ,sahagun on ! natives ( ,mexico1 #agc ,/4 ,patrick1 canon (1 #ag ,samoa1 sup]/ition z a pres]v] ( prop]ty 91 #bd sqq4 ,samoan taboos1 #be sq4 ,s>ah & ,abraham1 #fj sq4 ,s>awak1 ,hill ,dyaks (1 #aa sq41 #dh ,savage1 !1 a human docum5t1 #agb sq42 ! pass+ ( !1 #agd sq4 ,savage horror ( sexual irregul>ities1 sugge/$ reason =1 #aja ,savag]y1 civilization evolv$ out (1 #afb2 importance ( ! /udy (1 #afb sq41 #agb sqq42 intellectual1 ( ,european peasantry1 #agj ,savages ( to-day primitive only 9 a relative s5se1 #afc sq4 ,saxons1 _! puni%m5t ( sexual (f5ces1 #ig ,scapegoat = gho/s1 #ada sq4 ,sc>ecr[s = gho/s1 #aci ,scepticism1 religi\s1 und]m9es f\ndations ( society1 #g ,sci5ce ( man1 #aei sq4 ----1 ! temple (1 #afa ,scr(ula1 t\*+ =1 #ag sq4 ,scy?ians drank ! blood ( fri5ds & foes1 #aah ,sea-pike taboo1 #be ,seclusion ( homicides1 #aad sq41 #abj1 #aba sq41 #abd1 #abe sqq4 ,sem5do1 a di/rict ( ,sumatra1 #fh ,s]vius ,tullius1 ,k+1 #fa ,sexual communism1 era (1 #afd sq4 ---- immorality suppos$ to be injuri\s to ! culprits !mselves & to _! relations1 #ajb sqq42 sup]/itions z to1 #aaj ---- morality en=c$ by sup]/ition1 #dd sqq42 *ange 9 ! !oretical basis (1 #aja ---- (f5ces puni%$ sev]ely1 #fc sqq41 #if sqq42 reason :y savages puni% ^! (f5ces sev]ely1 #ii sqq4 8,%ak+ tub]cule10 #cb ,%ans1 !1 ( ,burma1 #aai1 #acd #ahe ,%eep1 expiatory sacrifice (1 #ib1 #ic ,%u%wap ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia1 m\rn+ cu/oms ( !1 #adb sq4 ,siam1 #cb ,sibuyaus1 !1 ( ,s>awak1 #dh ,sibyll9e ,books1 #agc ,sickness caus$ by evil spirits or sorc]]s1 #ada 8,sickness ( relation%ip10 #gf sq4 ,si]ra ,leone1 #db ,simil>ity ( ! human m9d 9 all races1 #agb ,si/]1 ince/ ) a1 #ea1 #ed1 #ei1 #fj n4 #a1 #fb1 #fg1 #fh1 #aje ,si/]s & bro!rs1 mutual avoidance (1 #gg ,slave ,coa/1 !1 #da ,slav]y 9 ,engl&1 #afi ,slavs1 puni%m5t ( sexual (f5ces among ! ,s\!rn1 #ig sq4 ,slay]s fe> ! gho/s ( _! victims1 #aac sqq4 ,sle1 pollution incurr$ by un*a/ity1 #aji ,smyrna1 #cf ,social an?ropology1 ! scope (1 #aeg sqq4 ,society1 conc]n$ ) conduct1 n op9ion1 #aee2 ultimately controll$ by k1 #afg2 sapp$ by sup]/ition1 #agj2 its surface 9 p]petual motion1 #aga ,sociology1 #afj ,s(ala1 ! k+ (1 #ac1 #ad ,son-9-law1 c]emonial avoidance (1 #gi sq4 ,sophocles on ,o$ipus1 #fa ,sph9x1 riddles ( !1 #ajb ,/ate1 duty ( !1 9 reg>d to an?ropology1 #age sq4 ,/9ks to keep (f gho/s1 #aci ,/on+ z a puni%m5t ( sexual (f5ces1 #fd1 #ig sq4 ,sulka1 !1 ( ,new ,brita91 #aji ,sumatra1 #df1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi1 #hb1 #aji ,sun1 ,yncas desc5d$ f !1 #ae ,sup]natural p[]s attribut$ to *iefs1 #f sqq4 ,sup]/ition1 baneful effects (1 #c2 a plea =1 #c sq41 #aed sq42 z a prop ( gov]nm5t1 #f sqq42 z a prop ( private prop]ty1 #bj sqq42 z a prop ( m>riage1 #dd sqq42 z a prop to ! security ( human life1 #aaa sqq42 heavy toll paid to1 #aac2 s]vices :i* sup]/ition has r5d]$ to humanity1 #aed sq42 at ! b>1 #aee sq42 ! cre$ ( ! lagg>ds 9 ! m>* ( intellect1 #afh sq42 a dang] to society1 #agj2 ! religion ( a pa/ g5]ation1 #agj sq4 ,sup]/itions ei!r public or private1 #afi2 ! crude/1 survive longe/1 #agj sq4 ,sup]/iti\s fe> ( contact ) ,maori *iefs1 #i sq4 ,surface ( society 9 p]petual motion1 #aga ,survivals ( savag]y 9 civilization1 #aff ,sw$es1 ! anci5t1 #af ,taboo z a support ( *iefs1 #g sqq42 z a prop ( private prop]ty1 #bj sqq42 7tambu7 9 ,melanesia1 #bf sq4 ,taboo$1 homicides1 #aba ,tahiti1 sacr$ness ( k+s (1 #aj sq4 ,tamanaques1 !1 ( ! ,or9oco1 #aab ,tambu 7taboo7 9 ,melanesia1 #bf sq4 ,tapu 7taboo7 among ! ,maoris1 #bj sqq4 ,tattoo+ ( homicides1 #aba ,taylor1 ,rev4 ,ri*>d1 #h ,t]nate1 #ed ,?ahu1 c]emonial pollution1 #ic1 #aje1 #aae1 #abh ,!al1 ,g4 ,mc,call1 quot$1 #ia ,!oretical basis ( sexual morality1 #aja ,?ieves curs$1 #cd sqq4 ,?ompson ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia1 m\rn+ cu/oms ( !1 #add sq4 ,?omson1 ,basil1 quot$1 #g ,?omson1 ,j4 ,ar?ur1 quot$1 #ie sq4 ,?onga tribe ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,africa1 #eg1 #hj1 #ib1 #ajd2 _! purification ( homicides1 #aba sq4 ,?orn bu%es to keep (f gho/s1 #adb sq41 #add1 #ade ,?und] taboo1 #bf ,tig]s1 plague (1 a puni%m5t = sexual (f5ces1 #de1 #df ,timor1 taboo 91 #bg ,togol&1 #adb ,tololaki1 !1 ( ,c5tral ,celebes1 #ec ,tomori1 !1 ( ,c5tral ,celebes1 #eb ,tonga1 sacr$ness ( *iefs 91 #aj2 taboo 91 #bf ,tonqu91 #cc ,toradjas ( ,c5tral ,celebes1 #ab1 #bi1 #cj1 #abb2 _! fe> ( ! gho/s ( ! sla91 #abi ,torture to extract confession1 #fd sq4 ,t\*$1 *iefs & k+s n to be1 #i1 #aa ,t\*+ = scr(ula1 #ag sq4 ,traitors disemb[ell$ 9 ,engl&1 #afi ,travail pangs suppos$ to be aggravat$ by adult]y1 #ajd ,travancore1 #acb ,trembl+ ?\ght to be caus$ by contact ) c]ta9 relations1 #gg1 #ij ,troez51 purification ( ,ore/es at1 #aae ,tsetsaut ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia1 m\rn+ cu/oms ( !1 #adc ,tub]cule1 ! %ak+1 #cb ,tunguses1 _! burial cu/oms1 #acg1 #ach ,turn]1 ,dr4 ,george1 quot$1 #bd sq41 #bf #ahf ,tylor1 ,sir ,e4 ,b41 #aei ,ulc] taboo1 #be sq4 ,un*a/ity1 suppos$ physical infection (1 #aji ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 _! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #age ,univ]sities1 ! function ( !1 #age ,unm>ri$ p]sons1 disa/r\s effects suppos$ to fl[ f sexual int]c\rse betwe51 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #ej1 #ea1 #ee1 #eg1 #fc1 #fe1 #if ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 #adc ,victoria1 aborig9es (1 #ga sq4 ---- ,nyanza1 ,lake1 #gh ,voyages to ! ,s\? ,seas1 #agc ,wagogo1 !1 ( ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa1 #ib1 #ajf ,wakelbura tribe ( ,que5sl&1 #gb ,wallace1 ,a4 ,r41 quot$1 #bg1 #gj ,wanigela ,riv]1 #abe ,wanika1 !1 ( ,ea/ ,africa1 #ch ,w>1 a sacr$ duty1 #abi2 wives expect$ to be fai?ful dur+ _! husb&s' abs5ce at !1 #ajf sq4 ,w>f>e1 mimic1 conduct$ by wom5 & *ildr5 at home1 #abi ,wa%amba1 !1 ( ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa1 #ajf ,wat] ordeal1 #ajg ,wawanga1 !1 ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 #abc ,weeks1 ,rev4 ,john ,h41 #he n4 #a2 quot$1 #ge sq41 #abh ,wel% say+ z to ra91 #ed n4 #b ,we/ ,indies1 *>ms to protect prop]ty 9 !1 #db sq4 ,we/]m>ck1 ,dr4 ,edw>d1 #cb1 #ef ,:ite-%>k taboo1 #be ,wid[s & wid[]s1 precautions tak5 by !m aga9/ ! gho/s ( _! sp\ses1 #adb sqq4 ,wife ( wife's bro!r1 c]emonial avoidance (1 #hj ,wife's "m1 c]emonial avoidance (1 #ge sqq41 #hf sq41 #ij sq4 ,wit*es burn$ 9 ,engl&1 #afi ,wom5 dy+ 9 pregnancy or *ildb$1 fe> ( _! gho/s1 #acc sqq4 ,wotjobaluk tribe ( ,victoria1 #gd ,yabim1 !1 ( ,g]man ,new ,gu9ea1 #abg1 #aca ,yncas ( ,p]u1 sup]/iti\s v5]ation = !1 #ae sq4 ,yucatan1 ,indians (1 #hc ,yu9 tribe ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 #gd ,zanzib>1 #gh ,zeus z gu>dian ( l&m>ks1 #cg ,zulus1 _! ideas z to injuri\s effects ( adult]y1 #ajg sq4 ,,endnotes ,*apt] ,i ,notes #f4a ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 ,d4,d41 ,! ,melanesians 7,ox=d1 #ahia71 p4 #df4 ,*apt] ,,ii ,notes #g4a ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 op4 cit4 p4 #eb4 #g4b ,basil ,?omson1 ,! ,fijians1 a ,/udy ( ! ,decay ( ,cu/om 7,london1 #aijh71 pp4 #eg-ei1 #fd1 #aeh4 #h4a ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 or ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahgj71 pp4 #ceb sq42 z to ! atuas or gods1 see ib4 pp4 #acd sqq4 #i4a ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,m4,d41 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahei71 i4 #ie sq4 #i4b ,rev4 ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahce71 pp4 #ajd sq41 note4 #i4c ,w4 ,br[n1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,aborig9es 7,london1 #ahde71 p4 #gf4 ,comp>e ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori 7,london1 #ahhd71 pp4 #if sq4 #aj4a ,rev4 ,r4 ,taylor1 op4 cit4 p4 #afd4 #aj4b ,rev4 ,r4 ,taylor1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afd1 #afe4 #aj4c ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,acc\nt ( ! ,natives ( ! ,tonga ,isl&s1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahah71 i4 #ada sq4 note1 #dcd1 note1 ii4 #hb sq41 #bbb sq4 #aj4d ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahcb-ahcf71 iii4 #ajh4 #aa4a ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iii4 #aja sq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean 7,london1 #agii71 pp4 #cbi sq4 #aa4b ,zeits*rift fr allgeme9e ,erdkunde 7,b]l971 vi4 7#ahef7 pp4 #cih sq42 ,f4 ,t4 ,valdez1 ,six ,ye>s ( a ,travell]'s ,life 9 ,we/]n ,africa 7,london1 #ahfa71 ii4 #bea sq4 #aa4c ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat1 ,malay ,magic 7,london1 #aijj71 pp4 #bc sq4 #aa4d ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat1 op4 cit4 p4 #cf4 #ab4a ,hugh ,l[1 ,s>awak 7,london1 #ahdh71 pp4 #bei sq4 #ab4b ,n4 ,adriani en ,alb4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 ,de ,b>e'e-sprek5de ,toradja's van ,midd5-,celebes1 i4 7,batavia1 #aiab7 pp4 #acj sq4 #ab4c ,= evid5ce see ,! ,magic ,art & ! ,evolution ( ,k+s1 i4 #cdb sqq41 #cib sqq4 #ac4a ,proy>t's 8,hi/ory ( ,loango1 ,kakongo1 & o!r ,k+doms 9 ,africa10 9 ,john ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels 7,london1 #ahjh-ahad71 xvi4 #egg4 ,comp>e ,o4 ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique 7,am/]dam1 #afhf71 pp4 #cce sq4 #ac4b 8,! ,/range ,adv5tures ( ,&rew ,battel10 9 ,j4 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #ccj4 #ad4a ,j4 ,dos ,santos1 8,ea/]n ,e?iopia10 *apt]s v4 & ix41 9 ,g4 ,mc,call ,!al's ,records ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,africa1 vii4 7#aija7 pp4 #aij sq41 #aii4 #ad4b ,j4 ,dos ,santos1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aid sq4 #ad4c ,a4 ,c4 ,hollis1 ,! ,n&i1 _! ,language & ,folk-lore 7,ox=d1 #aiji71 pp4 #di sq4 #ae4a ,c4 ,p4 ,tiele1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,egyptian ,religion 7,london1 #ahhb71 pp4 #ajc sq4 ,= full] details see ,a4 ,moret1 ,du c>actre religieux de la royaut ph>aonique 7,p>is1 #aijb72 ,! ,magic ,art & ! ,evolution ( ,k+s1 i4 #dah sq4 #ae4b ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xxviii4 #e4 #ad4 #af4a ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 ,fir/ ,"p ( ! ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ! ,yncas1 translat$ by ,c4 ,r4 ,m>kham 7,london1 #ahfi-ahga71 i4 #aed sq4 #af4b ,! ,laws ( ,manu1 vii4 #e-h1 translat$ by ,g4 ,bhl] 7,ox=d1 #ahhf71 p4 #bag 7,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xxv474 #af4c ,! ,laws ( ,manu1 ix4 #bdf sq41 translat$ by ,g4 ,bhl]1 p4 #che4 #af4d ,hom]1 ,odyssey1 ii4 #dji1 iv4 #dc1 #fia1 vii4 #afg1 viii4 #b1 xviii4 #dje2 ,iliad1 ii4 #cce1 xvii4 #dfd1 etc4 #af4e ,hom]1 ,odyssey1 xix4 #aji-aad4 #af4f ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xxviii4 #e4 #ad4 #ag4a ,snorro ,/urleson1 ,! ,heimskr+la1 or ,*ronicle ( ! ,k+s ( ,norway1 translat$ by ,s4 ,la+ 7,london1 #ahdd71 saga i4 *apt]s #ah & #dg1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bcj1 #bef4 #ag4b ,p4 ,w4 ,joyce1 ,social ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,irel& 7,london1 #aijc71 i4 #ef sq42 ,j4 ,o',donovan1 ,! ,book ( ,rights 7,dubl91 #ahdg71 p4 #h1 note4 #ag4c ,s4 ,johnson1 ,j\rney to ! ,we/]n ,isl&s1 pp4 #fe sq4 7,! ,works ( ,samuel ,johnson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,london1 #ahbe1 vol4 vi474 #ag4d ,j4 ,g4 ,campbell1 ,sup]/itions ( ! ,highl&s & ,isl&s ( ,scotl& 7,glasg[1 #aijj71 p4 #e4 #ag4e ,w4 ,g4 ,black1 ,folk-,m$ic9e 7,london1 #ahhc71 pp4 #adj sqq4 ,see fur!r ,! ,magic ,art & ! ,evolution ( ,k+s1 i4 #cfh sqq42 & especially ,raymond ,crawfurd1 ,! ,k+'s ,evil 7,ox=d1 #aiaa71 :i* conta9s a full hi/ory ( ! sup]/ition f ! elev5? c5tury onw>ds1 au!nticat$ by docum5t>y evid5ce4 #ah4a ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,natives ( ! ,tonga ,isl&s1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahah71 i4 #dcd1 note4 #ah4b ,proy>t's 8,hi/ory ( ,loango1 ,kakongo1 & o!r ,k+doms 9 ,africa10 9 ,j4 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #egc4 #ah4c ,raymond ,crawfurd1 ,! ,k+'s ,evil1 pp4 #aa sqq41 #ah sqq4 #ah4d ,j4 ,boswell1 ,life ( ,samuel ,johnson1 ,n9? ,edition 7,london1 #ahbb71 i4 #ah sq4 #ah4e ,raymond ,crawfurd1 ,! ,k+'s ,evil1 pp4 #add sqq41 #aei sqq4 ,*apt] ,,iii ,notes #ba4a ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori 7,london1 #ahhd71 pp4 #id-ig1 comp>e id4 p4 #hc4 #ba4b ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahei71 i4 #ajc4 ,comp>e ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahdc71 ii4 #aje3 8,! break+ ( ! tapu1 if ! crime does n become kn[n1 is1 !y believe1 puni%$ by ! atua1 :o inflicts disease ^u ! crim9al2 if discov]$1 x is puni%$ by him :om x reg>ds1 & (t5 becomes ! cause ( w>40 #bb4a ,w4 ,br[n1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,aborig9es 7,london1 #ahde74 pp4 #ab sq4 #bb4b ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori 7,london1 #ahhd71 p4 #ig4 #bc4a ,rev4 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 or ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahgj71 pp4 #afg1 #aga4 #bc4b ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahei71 i4 #aje4 #bc4c ,rev4 ,r4 ,taylor1 op4 cit4 pp4 #agb sq4 #bd4a ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 ,iles ,m>quises ou ,n\k-hiva 7,p>is1 #ahdc71 pp4 #beh-bfj4 ,= details ( ! taboo sy/em 9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 see ,g4 ,h4 von ,langsdorff1 ,reise um die ,welt 7,franc=t1 #ahab71 i4 #aad-aai2 ,le ,p4 ,mat?ias ,g 99 99 99 ,lettres sur les ,isles ,m>quises 7,p>is1 #ahdc71 pp4 #dg sqq4 ,?is la/ writ]1 :o 0 a mission>y to ! ,m>quesas1 obs]ves t :ile taboo 0 bo? a political & a religi\s in/itution1 he pref]r$ to class x "u ! head ( religion because x re/$ on ! au?ority ( ! gods & =m$ ! highe/ sanction ( ! :ole religi\s sy/em4 #be4a ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa 7,london1 #ahhd71 pp4 #ahc-ahd4 #bf4a ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ahe-ahh4 #bf4b ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,natives ( ! ,tonga ,isl&s1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahah71 ii4 #bba4 #bf4c ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 ,d4,d41 ,! ,melanesians 7,ox=d1 #ahia71 pp4 #bae sq4 #bg4a ,r4 ,p>k9son1 ,im ,bism>ck-,ar*ipel 7,leipsic1 #ahhg71 p4 #add2 id41 ,dreissig ,jahre 9 d] ,sdsee 7,/uttg>t1 #aijg71 pp4 #aic sq4 #bg4b ,?omas ,williams1 ,fiji & ! ,fijians1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahfj71 i4 #bcd4 #bg4c ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,h&leid+ voor de v]gelijk5de ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s* ,indi 7,leyd51 #ahic71 pp4 #eif-fjc2 ,g4 ,w4 ,w4 ,c4 ,b>on van ,hovell1 ,ambon en me] bepaaldelijk de ,oelias]s 7,dordre*t1 #ahge71 pp4 #adh-aeb4 #bg4d ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace1 ,! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 ,six? ,edition 7,london1 #ahgg71 p4 #aif4 #bh4a ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik- en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua 7,! ,hague1 #ahhf71 pp4 #fa sq4 #bh4b ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aad sq4 #bh4c ,van ,s*midt1 8,aanteek5+5 nop5s de z$51 gewoont5 en gebruik51 b5ev5s de vooroordeel5 en bijgeloovigh$5 d] bevolk+ van de eil&5 ,sap>oea1 ,h>oekoe1 ,noessa ,laut1 en van e5 g$eelte van de zuidku/ van ,c]am1 9 vroeg]5 en lat]5 tijd10 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&s ,indie1 v4 ,twe$e deel 7,batavia1 #ahdc71 pp4 #dii-ejb4 #bi4a ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afg sq4 #ca4a ,n4 ,adriani en ,alb4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 ,de ,b>e'e-sprek5de ,toradja's van ,midd5-,celebes1 i4 7,batavia1 #aiab7 pp4 #cii-dja4 #ca4b ,h4 ,f4 ,/&+1 8,malagasy fady10 ,! ,antanan>ivo ,annual & ,madagasc> ,magaz9e1 vol4 ii4 7,antanan>ivo1 #ahif7 pp4 #beb-bfe 7,repr9t ( ! second ,f\r ,numb]s74 #ca4c ,a4 van ,g5nep1 ,tab\ et ,totmisme ,madagasc> 7,p>is1 #aijd74 #ca4d ,a4 van ,g5nep1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ahc sqq4 #ca4e ,a4 van ,g5nep1 ,tab\ et ,totmisme ,madagasc>1 p4 #ahd4 ,! writ] has devot$ a *apt] 7xi4 pp4 #ahc-aic7 to taboos ( prop]ty4 #ca4f ,h4 ,f4 ,/&+1 8,malagasy fady10 ,antanan>ivo ,annual & ,madagasc> ,magaz9e1 vol4 ii4 7,antanan>ivo1 #ahif7 p4 #bef4 #cb4a ,w4 ,ellis1 ,hi/ory ( ,madagasc> 7,london1 preface dat$ #ahch71 i4 #dad4 #cb4b ,e4 ,we/]m>ck1 ,! ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ! ,moral ,ideas1 ii4 7,london1 #aijh7 pp4 #ei-fi4 ,9 an article on taboo publi%$ _m ye>s ago 7,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 ,n9? ,edition1 xxiii4 7#ahhh7 pp4 #ae sqq47 ,i briefly po9t$ out ! "p :i* ! sy/em ( taboo has play$ 9 ! evolution ( law & morality4 ,i may be all[$ to quote a passage f ! article3 8,! orig9al "* ( ! taboo mu/ be look$ = n 9 its civil b 9 its religi\s elem5t4 ,x 0 n ! creation ( a legislator1 b ! gradual outgr[? ( animi/ic beliefs1 to :i* ! ambition & av>ice ( *iefs & prie/s aft]w>ds gave an artificial ext5sion4 ,b 9 s]v+ ! cause ( av>ice & ambition x subs]v$ ! progress ( civilization1 by fo/]+ conceptions ( ! rights ( prop]ty & ! sanctity ( ! m>riage tie1--conceptions :i* 9 "t grew /rong en\gh to /& by !mselves & to fl+ away ! crut* ( sup]/ition :i* 9 e>li] days _h be5 _! sole support4 ,= we %all sc>cely err 9 believ+ t ev5 9 advanc$ societies ! moral s5tim5ts1 9 s f> z !y are m]ely s5tim5ts & are n bas$ on an induction f exp]i5ce1 d]ive mu* ( _! =ce f an orig9al sy/em ( taboo4 ,?us on ! taboo 7 graft$ ! gold5 fruits ( law & morality1 :ile ! p>5t /em dw9dl$ sl[ly into ! s\r crabs & empty husks ( popul> sup]/ition on :i* ! sw9e ( mod]n society are /ill cont5t to fe$40 #cc4a 4 ,aymoni]1 ,notes sur le ,laos 7,saigon1 #ahhe71 p4 #bcc4 #cc4b ,c5tral ,prov9ces1 ,e?nographic ,survey1 vii41 ,draft ,articles on ,=e/ ,tribes1 ,?ird ,s]ies 7,allahabad1 #aiaa71 p4 #de4 #cc4c ,r4 ,p]cival1 ,acc\nt ( ! ,isl& ( ,ceylon 7,london1 #ahjc71 p4 #aih4 #cc4d ,c4 ,f4 ,ph4 v4 ,m>tius1 ,zur ,e?nographie ,am]ikas1 zumal ,brasili5s 7,leipsic1 #ahfg71 p4 #hf4 #cc4e ,p4 ,giran1 ,magie et ,religion ,annamites 7,p>is1 #aiab71 p4 #ahf4 #cd4a ,p4 ,giran1 op4 cit41 pp4 #aij sq4 #cd4b ,h4 ,sund]mann1 ,die ,insel ,nias und die ,mission daselb/ 7,b>m51 #aije71 p4 #cd4 #cf4a ,edw9 ,h4 ,gomes1 ,sev5te5 ,ye>s among ! ,sea ,dyaks ( ,borneo 7,london1 #aiaa71 pp4 #fd-ff4 #cf4b 7,sir7 ,*>les ,?omas ,newton1 ,essays on ,art & ,ar*aeology 7,london1 #ahhj71 pp4 #aic sq4 #cf4c ,g4 ,ditt5b]g]1 ,sylloge ,inscriptionum ,graec>um#b 7,leipsic1 #ahih-aija71 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bhd sq41 ,no4 #ehd2 ,*4 ,mi*el1 ,recueil d',inscriptions ,grecques 7,brussels1 #aijj71 p4 #fbd1 ,no4 #gbh4 ,! goddess 0 probably ! ,syrian ,at>gatis or ,d]ceto1 to :om fi% 7 sacr$ 7,x5ophon1 ,anabasis1 i4 #d4 #i74 ,= m examples ( ^! anci5t ,greek curses1 see ,*4 ,mi*el1 op4 cit41 pp4 #hgg-hhj1 ,nos4 #acah-acbi4 ,comp>e ,w4 ,h4 ,d4 ,r\se1 ,greek ,votive ,(f]+s 7,cambridge1 #aijb71 pp4 #ccg sqq4 #cg4a 7,sir7 ,c4 ,t4 ,newton1 ,essays on ,art & ,ar*aeology1 p4 #aie4 #cg4b ,demo/h5es1 ,de ,halonneso1 #dj4 #cg4c ,plato1 ,laws1 viii4 #i1 pp4 #hdb sq4 #cg4d ,fe/us1 s4v4 8,t]m9o10 p4 #cfh1 ed4 ,c4 ,o4 ,mll] 7,leipsic1 #ahci72 ,v>ro1 ,de l+ua lat9a1 v4 #gd2 ,dionysius ,halic>nas5sis1 ,antiquitates ,romanae1 ii4 #gd4 ,z to ,t]m9us1 ! ,roman god ( b\nd>ies1 & 8 annual fe/ival ! ,t]m9alia1 see ,l4 ,prell]1 ,rmis*e ,my?ologie#c 7,b]l91 #ahha-ahhc71 i4 #bed sqq42 ,g4 ,wiss[a1 ,religion und ,kultus d] ,rm]#b 7,muni*1 #aiab71 pp4 #acf sq4 #cg4e ,deut]onomy1 xxviii4 #ag4 #cg4f ,c4 ,h4 ,w4 ,johns1 ,babylonian & ,assyrian ,laws1 ,contracts & ,lett]s 7,ed9burgh1 #aijd71 p4 #aia4 #ch4a ,r4 ,w4 ,rog]s1 ,cunei=m ,p>allels to ! ,old ,te/am5t 7,ox=d1 preface dat$ #aiaa71 pp4 #cij-cib4 #ch4b ,david ,liv+/one1 ,mission>y ,travels & ,rese>*es 9 ,s\? ,africa 7,london1 #aheg71 p4 #bhe4 #ci4a ,*>les ,new1 ,life1 ,w&]+s1 & ,lab\rs 9 ,ea/]n ,africa 7,london1 #ahgc71 p4 #ajf4 #ci4b ,john ,h4 ,weeks1 ,among ,congo ,cannibals 7,london1 #aiac71 pp4 #caj sq4 #ci4c ,p4 ,amaury ,talbot1 ,9 ! ,%ad[ ( ! ,bu% 7,london1 #aiab71 p4 #bif4 #dj4a ,travels ( an ,arab ,m]*ant ,mohamm$ ,ibn-,om> ,el ,t\nsy 9 ,s\dan1 abridg$ f ! ,fr5* by ,bayle ,/4 ,john 7,london1 #ahed71 pp4 #fi-gc4 #da4a ,a4 ,c4 ,hollis1 ,! ,n&i1 _! ,language & ,folk-lore 7,ox=d1 #aiji71 pp4 #cf1 #cg4 #da4b ,proy>t's 8,hi/ory ( ,loango1 ,kakongo1 & o!r ,k+doms 9 ,africa10 9 ,j4 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels 7,london1 #ahjh-ahad71 xvi4 #eie4 #da4c ,rev4 ,j4 ,leighton ,wilson1 ,we/]n ,africa 7,london1 #ahef71 pp4 #bge sq4 #db4a ,a4 ,b4 ,ellis1 ,! ,ewe-speak+ ,peoples ( ! ,slave ,coa/ ( ,we/ ,africa 7,london1 #ahij71 pp4 #ia sq4 ,comp>e id41 ,! ,yoruba-speak+ ,peoples ( ! ,slave ,coa/ ( ,we/ ,africa 7,london1 #ahid71 p4 #aah4 #db4b ,?omas ,w9t]bottom1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,native ,africans 9 ! ,neighb\rhood ( ,si]ra ,leone 7,london1 #ahjc71 pp4 #bfa sq4 #dc4a ,bryan ,edw>ds1 ,hi/ory1 ,civil & ,comm]cial1 ( ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 ,fif? ,edition 7,london1 #ahai71 ii4 #ajg-aaa4 ,*apt] ,,iv ,notes #de4a ,rev4 ,f4 ,mason1 ,d4,d41 8,on ,dwell+s1 ,works ( ,art1 ,laws1 etc41 ( ! ,k>5s10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 ,new ,s]ies1 xxxvii4 7#ahfh7 "p ii4 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #adg sq4 ,comp>e ,a4 ,r4 ,mc,mahon1 ,! ,k>5s ( ! ,gold5 ,*]sonese 7,london1 #ahgf71 pp4 #ccd sq4 #de4b ,t4 ,c4 ,hodson1 8,! ,g5na among/ ! ,tribes ( ,assam10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxvi4 7#aijf7 p4 #id4 #de4c ,lieut5ant ,?omas ,%aw1 8,on ! ,inhabitants ( ! ,hills ne> ,rajamahall10 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 ,f\r? ,edition1 iv4 7#ahjg7 pp4 #fj-fb4 #df4a ,major ,p4 ,r4 ,t4 ,gurdon1 ,! ,khasis 7,london1 #aijg71 pp4 #id1 #abc4 #df4b 4 ,aymoni]1 8,notes sur l',annam10 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 x4 ,no4 #bd 7,saigon1 #ahhe71 pp4 #cjh sq4 #df4c ,j4 ,b4 ,neumann1 8,het ,pane en ,bila/roomgebi$ op het eil& ,sumatra10 ,tijds*rift van het ,n$]l&s* ,a>drijkskundig ,g5oots*ap1 ,twe$e ,s]ie1 dl4 iii41 afdeel+1 me] uitgebreide artikel51 ,no4 #c 7,am/]dam1 #ahhf71 pp4 #ead sq42 ,m4 ,j\/ra1 8,het lev51 de z$5 en gewoont5 d] ,bataks10 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xlvi4 7#aijb7 p4 #daa4 #dg4a ,h4 ,sund]mann1 ,die ,insel ,nias und die ,mission daselb/ 7,b>m51 #aije71 pp4 #cd sq41 #cg1 #hd4 ,comp>e ,a4 ,fehr1 ,d] ,niass] im ,leb5 und ,/]b5 7,b>m51 #aija71 pp4 #cd-cf2 ,?4 ,c4 ,rapp>d1 8,het eil& ,nias en zijne bewon]s10 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s*-,indi1 lxii4 7#aiji7 pp4 #eid1 #eif4 ,! dea? p5alty = ^! (f5ces has be5 aboli%$ by ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t1 s f> z x c make its arm felt 9 ! isl&4 #dg4b ,rev4 ,j4 ,p]ham1 8,pet>a1 or ,sea ,dyak ,gods10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,/raits ,bran* ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,no4 #h1 ,decemb] #ahha1 p4 #aej2 ,h4 ,l+ ,ro?1 ,! ,natives ( ,s>awak & ,briti% ,nor? ,borneo 7,london1 #ahif71 i4 #ahj4 ,pet>a is ! g5]al ,dyak "n = deity4 ,! common idea is t !re are _m pet>as1 inde$ t e man has 8 own4 ,! ^w is said to be d]iv$ f ,sanscrit & to be etymologically id5tical ) ,avat>1 ! ,dyaks regul>ly sub/itut+ p or b = v4 ,see ,rev4 ,j4 ,p]ham1 op4 cit4 pp4 #acc sqq42 ,h4 ,l+ ,ro?'s ,natives ( ,s>awak & ,briti% ,nor? ,borneo1 i4 #afh sqq4 #dh4a ,h4 ,l+ ,ro?1 8,l['s ,natives ( ,borneo10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxi4 7#ahib7 pp4 #aac sq41 #acc2 comp>e id41 ibid4 xxii4 7#ahic7 p4 #bd4 #dh4b ,sp5s] ,/4 ,john1 ,life 9 ! ,=e/s ( ! ,f> ,ea/1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahfc71 i4 #fc sq4 #di4a ,hugh ,l[1 ,s>awak 7,london1 #ahdh71 pp4 #cjj sq4 #ej4a ,*>les ,hose & ,william ,mc,dougall1 ,! ,pagan ,tribes ( ,borneo 7,london1 #aiab71 ii4 #aif-aii4 #ej4b ,*>les ,brooke1 ,t5 ,ye>s 9 ,s>awak 7,london1 #ahff71 i4 #fi sq4 #ea4a ,a4 ,w4 ,nieuw5huis1 ,qu] dur* ,borneo 7,leyd51 #aijd-aijg71 i4 #cfg4 #ea4b ,m4 ,t4 ,h4 ,p]ela]1 ,e?nographis*e ,bes*rijv+ d] ,dajaks 7,zalt-,bommel1 #ahgj71 pp4 #ei sq4 #ea4c ,a4 ,w4 ,nieuw5huis1 ,qu] dur* ,borneo1 ii4 #ii2 id41 ,9 ,c5traal ,borneo 7,leyd51 #aijj71 ii4 #bgh4 #ea4d ,a4 ,h4 ,f4 ,j4 ,nussele91 8,bes*rijv+ van het l&s*ap ,pasir10 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s*-,indi1 lviii4 7#aije7 p4 #ech4 #ea4e ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,indonesi51 i4 7,b]l91 #ahhd7 p4 #add4 #eb4a ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,v]spreide ,ges*rift5 7,! ,hague1 #aiab71 ii4 #cce 78,huwelijk5 tuss*5 blo$v]want510 p4 #bf74 #eb4b ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 8,ov] de d's ( gewoont5 d] ,makass>5 en ,boeg9eez510 ,v]slag5 en ,m$$eel+5 d] ,kon9klijke ,akademie van ,wet5s*app51 ,afdeel+ ,lett]kunde1 ,d]de ,reeks1 ii4 7,am/]dam1 #ahhe7 p4 #ahb4 #eb4c ,dige/1 xlviii4 #i4i1 8,po5a p>ricidii m majorum haec in/ituta e/1 ut p>ricida virgis sangu9eis v]b]atus de9de culleo insuatur cum cane1 gallo gall9aceo et vip]a et simia3 de9de 9 m>e pr(undum culleus jactatur40 ,comp>e ,val]ius ,maximus1 i4 #a4 #ac2 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,e4 ,b4 ,mayor's note on ,juv5al1 viii4 #bad4 ,if ! view sugge/$ above is correct1 ! sc\rg+ ( ! crim9al to ! effusion ( blood 7virgis sangu9eis v]b]atus7 mu/ h be5 a lat] addition to ! orig9al p5alty1 unless inde$ "s provision 7 made = cat*+ ! blood be=e x fell on ! gr\nd4 #ec4a ,a4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 8,e5ige aanteek5+5 omtr5t de ,tobo5gkoe en de ,tomori10 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xliv4 7#aijj7 p4 #bce4 #ec4b ,a4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 8,van ,posso na> ,mori10 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xliv4 7#aijj7 p4 #afb4 #ec4c ,n4 ,adriani en ,alb4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 ,de ,b>e'e-sprek5de ,toradja's van ,midd5-,celebes1 i4 7,batavia1 #aiab7 p4 #ahg4 #ed4a ,hiss9k1 8,nota van toeli*t+1 betreff5de de zelbe/ur5de l&s*app5 ,paloe1 ,dolo1 ,sigi1 en ,b]om>oe10 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 liv4 7#aiab71 p4 #aae4 #ed4b ,m4 ,j4 van ,ba>da1 8,fabel51 ,v]hal5 en ,ov]lev]+5 d] ,galel>eez510 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s*-,indi1 xlv4 7#ahie7 p4 #ead4 ,9 a lett] to me ( #ad? ,m>* #aiji ,sir ,john ,rhs comp>es a ,wel% expression1 8,ra9 ?r\gh sun%9e1 ! devil go+ on 8 wife40 ,he adds3 8,i d n ?9k ,i ev] he>d x except :5 x 0 actually ra9+ dur+ sun%9e4 ,i c n[ see t in/ead ( ar i wraig ! orig9al mu/ h be5 ar i fam #8on 8 "m4' ,9 fact ,i am n at all sure b t ,i h he>d x s40 #ed4c ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 de ,cl]q1 ,bijdrag5 tot de k5nis d] ,resid5tie ,t]nate 7,leyd51 #ahij71 p4 #acb4 #ee4a ,o4 ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique 7,am/]dam1 #afhf71 p4 #cbf2 ,r4 ,e4 ,d5nett1 ,at ! ,back ( ! ,black ,man's ,m9d 7,london1 #aijf71 pp4 #ec1 #fg-ga4 #ef4a ,r4 ,e4 ,d5nett1 op4 cit4 p4 #eb4 #ef4b ,a4 ,c4 ,hollis1 ,! ,n&i1 _! ,language & ,folk-lore 7,ox=d1 #aiji71 p4 #gf4 #ef4c ,rev4 ,e4 ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos 7,london1 #ahfa71 p4 #beb4 #ef4d ,rev4 ,e4 ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos1 p4 #bfg4 ,! writ] tells u 7pp4 #bee sq47 t 8dea? ) all t imm$iately prec$es or foll[s x1 is 9 ! eyes ( ^! p ! greate/ ( all defilem5ts4 ,?us ! sick1 p]sons :o h t\*$ or buri$ a corpse1 or :o h dug ! grave1 individuals :o inadv]t5tly walk ov] or sit ^u a grave1 ! ne> relatives ( a p]son deceas$1 murd]]s1 w>riors :o h kill$ _! enemies 9 battle1 are all consid]$ impure40 ,no d\bt all su* p]sons w\ld also be prohibit$ f h&l+ ! corn4 #eg4a ,edw>d ,we/]m>ck1 ,c]emonies & ,beliefs connect$ ) ,agriculture1 ,c]ta9 ,dates ( ! ,sol> ,ye>1 & ! ,wea!r 9 ,morocco 7,hels+=s1 #aiac71 p4 #df4 #eg4b ,e4 ,we/]m>ck1 op4 cit4 p4 #ed2 comp>e pp4 #ag1 #bc1 #dg4 #eg4c ,c4 ,g4 ,seligmann1 s4v4 8,d9ka10 9 ,dr4 ,j4 ,ha/+s's ,encyclopa$ia ( ,religion & ,e?ics1 iv4 7,ed9burgh1 #aiaa7 p4 #gji4 #eg4d ,h5ri ,a4 ,junod1 8,les conceptions physiologiques des ,bant\ ,sud-,africa9s et leurs tab\s10 ,revue d' ,e?nographie et de ,sociologie1 i4 7#aiaj7 p4 #adf note #b4 #ei4a ,h5ri ,a4 ,junod1 ,! ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe 7,neu*atel1 #aiab-aiac71 ii4 #fj-fb4 #ei4b ,a4 van ,g5nep1 ,tab\ et ,totmisme ,madagasc> 7,p>is1 #aijd71 pp4 #cdb sq41 quot+ ! evid5ce ( ,m4 ,gabriel ,f]r&4 ,simil> te/imony 0 giv5 to me v]bally by ,m4 ,f]r& at ,p>is1 #ai? ,april1 #aiaj4 ,comp>e ,gabriel ,f]r&1 ,les ,musulmans ,madagasc> et aux ,iles ,comores1 ,deuxime ,p>tie 7,p>is1 #ahic71 pp4 #bj sq4 #fj4a ,9 ,fiji ! rite ( circumcision us$ to be foll[$ by sexual orgies 9 :i* bro!rs & si/]s appe> to h be5 int5tionally c\pl$4 ,see ,rev4 ,lorim] ,fison1 8,! ,nanga1 or ,sacr$ ,/one ,enclosure ( ,wa9imala1 ,fiji10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xiv4 7#ahhe7 pp4 #bg-cj1 ) ! note ( ,sir ,edw>d ,b4 ,tylor on pp4 #bh sq42 ,totemism & ,exogamy1 ii4 #ade-adh4 ,su* p]iods ( g5]al lic5ce accord$ to ! :ole community are p]haps be/ expla9$ z tempor>y revivals ( an old cu/om ( sexual communism4 ,b ?is explanation seems sc>cely applicable to cases l ^? cit$ 9 ! text1 :]e ! lic5ce is n grant$ to ! :ole p b enjo9$ on a few individuals only 9 special circum/ances4 ,z to o!r app>5t cases ( rev]sion to primitive sexual communism1 see ,totemism & ,exogamy1 i4 #caa sqq4 #fj4b ,job xxxi4 #aa sq4 7,revis$ ,v]sion74 #fj4c 4 ,see ,hebrew & ,engli% ,lexicon1 by ,f4 ,br[n1 ,s4 ,r4 ,driv]1 & ,*4 ,a4 ,briggs 7,ox=d1 #aijf71 p4 #ajj4 #fa4a ,g5esis xii4 #aj-bj1 xx4 #a-ah4 #fa4b ,leviticus xviii4 #bd sq4 #fa4c ,sophocles1 ,o$ipus ,tyrannus1 #bb sqq41 #ie sqq4 #fa4d ,tacitus1 ,annals1 xii4 #d & #h4 #fb4a ,see ,! ,magic ,art & ! ,evolution ( ,k+s1 i4 #ab1 #ad sqq4 #fb4b ,g4 ,keat+1 ,hi/ory ( ,irel&1 translat$ by ,j4 ,o',mahony 7,new ,york1 #aheg71 pp4 #ccg sq42 ,p4 ,w4 ,joyce1 ,social ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,irel& 7,london1 #aijc71 ii4 #eab sq4 #fb4c 8,corc means croppy or cropp$3 9 ?is in/ance ! "n ref]s to ! be>]'s e>s1 & ! v]b us$ z to ! action ( 8 bro!r maim+ him is ro-*orc40 #fc4a 7,sir7 ,john ,rhs1 ,celtic ,hea!ndom 7,london & ,ed9burgh1 #ahhh71 pp4 #cjh sq41 ref]r+ to ! ,book ( ! ,dun1 #ed;a4 #fd4a ,laws ( ,manu1 viii4 #cga sq41 translat$ by ,g4 ,bhl]1 pp4 #cah sq4 7,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xxv474 ,comp>e ,gautama1 xxiii4 #ad sq41 translat$ by ,g4 ,bhl]1 p4 #bhe 7,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 ii474 #fd4b ,code ( ,hammurabi1 #abi1 #aeg1 ,c4 ,h4 ,w4 ,johns1 ,babylonian & ,assyrian ,laws1 ,contracts & ,lett]s 7,ed9burgh1 #aijd71 pp4 #ed1 #ef2 ,rob]t ,w4 ,rog]s1 ,cunei=m ,p>allels to ! ,old ,te/am5t 7,ox=d1 preface dat$ #aiaa71 pp4 #dbg1 #dcd4 #fd4c ,deut]onomy xxii4 #bb4 #fd4d ,deut]onomy xxii4 #bj sq4 #fd4e ,leviticus xxi4 #i4 #fd4f ,leviticus xx4 #ad4 #fe4a ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 ,! ,bag&a 7,london1 #aiaa71 pp4 #bfa sq4 #fe4b ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 op4 cit4 p4 #bfb4 ,z to ! totemic clans1 see id4 pp4 #acc sqq4 ,"o clan 7! ,lung-fi% clan7 0 except$ f ! rule4 #fe4c ,sir ,h>ry ,john/on1 ,! ,ug&a ,protectorate 7,london1 #aijd71 ii4 #gai4 #ff4a ,sir ,h>ry ,john/on1 op4 cit4 ii4 #gdf sq4 #ff4b ,a4 ,c4 ,hollis1 ,! ,n&i 7,ox=d1 #aiji71 p4 #gf4 #ff4c ,w]n] ,munz+]1 ,o/afrikanis*e ,/udi5 7,s*affhaus51 #ahfd71 p4 #bdc4 #ff4d ,w4 ,munz+]1 op4 cit4 p4 #cbb4 ,h[ev]1 ! *ild ( an unm>ri$ slave woman is br\ght up2 ! fa!r pays = its nurture4 #ff4e ,h4 ,s4 ,/annus1 8,notes on "s ,tribes ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #bij4 #fg4a ,cull5 ,g\ldsbury & ,hub]t ,%eane1 ,! ,great ,plateau ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia 7,london1 #aiaa71 p4 #eg4 #fg4b ,pet] ,kolb51 ,! ,pres5t ,/ate ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #agch71 i4 #aeg4 ,= m examples ( ! dea? p5alty inflict$ = brea*es ( sexual morality 9 ,africa1 see ,a4 ,h4 ,po/1 ,afrikanis*e ,jurisprud5z 7,olb5burg & ,leipsic1 #ahhg71 ii4 #fi sqq4 #fh4a ,g4 ,j4 van ,dong51 8,de ,koeboes10 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s*-,indi1 lxiii4 7#aiaj7 p4 #bic4 #fh4b ,r4 van ,eck1 8,s*ets5 van het eil& ,bali10 ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indi1 ,nieuwe ,s]ie1 viii4 7#ahgi7 pp4 #cgj sq42 ,julius ,jacobs1 ,e5ig5 ,tijd ond] de ,balirs 7,batavia1 #ahhc71 p4 #abf4 #fh4c ,see above1 pp4 #eb sq4 #fh4d ,hoorweg1 8,nota bevatt5de e5ige gegev5s betreff5de het l&s*ap ,mamo$joe10 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 lxiii4 7#aiaa7 p4 #ie4 #fh4e ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,v]spreide ,ges*rift5 7,! ,hague1 #aiab71 ii4 #dha4 #fi4a ,j4 ,s4 ,g4 ,gramb]g1 8,s*ets d] ,kesam1 ,sem5do1 ,makakauw en ,blalauw10 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xv4 7#ahff7 pp4 #def-deh4 ,comp>e ,g4 ,g4 ,batt51 ,glimpses ( ! ,ea/]n ,ar*ipelago 7,s+apore1 #ahid71 pp4 #aje sq4 #fi4b ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,v]spreide ,ges*rift51 ii4 #dha sq4 #fi4c ,franz ,junghuhn1 ,die ,battalnd] auf ,sumatra 7,b]l91 #ahdg71 ii4 #adg1 #aef sq4 #gj4a ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace1 ,! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 ,six? ,edition 7,london1 #ahgg71 pp4 #agc sq4 #ga4a ,see above1 pp4 #df-ed4 #gb4a ,james ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es 7,melb\rne1 ,sydney1 & ,adelaide1 #ahha71 p4 #bh4 #gc4a ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,au/ralia 7,london1 #aijd71 pp4 #bbb-bbd4 #gd4a ,walt] ,e4 ,ro?1 ,e?nological ,/udies among ! ,nor?-,we/-,c5tral ,que5sl& ,aborig9es 7,brisbane & ,london1 #ahig71 p4 #aha4 #gd4b ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,au/ralia1 pp4 #bfd1 #bff4 #gd4c ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,au/ralia1 pp4 #bdf sq4 #gd4d ,mrs4 ,daisy ,m4 ,bates1 8,! ,m>riage ,laws & "s ,cu/oms ( ! ,we/ ,au/ralian ,aborig9es10 ,victorian ,geographical ,j\rnal1 xxiii4-xxiv4 7#aije-aijf7 p4 #db4 ,! /atem5t 9 ! text 0 made by a settl] :o _h liv$ 9 ! ,tablel& di/rict1 inl& f ,roeburne1 = tw5ty ye>s4 #ge4a ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,au/ralia1 p4 #bjh4 ,simil>ly among tribes on ! ,hunt] ,riv] 8a man is n p]mitt$ to speak to 8 wife's "m1 b c d s ?r\gh a ?ird p>ty4 ,9 =m] days x 0 dea? to speak to h]1 b n[ a man do+ s is only sev]ely reprim&$ & has to leave ! camp = a c]ta9 "t0 7,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 op4 cit4 p4 #bfg74 #ge4b ,see = example 7,sir7 ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor1 8,on a me?od ( inve/igat+ ! ,developm5t ( ,in/itutions10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xviii4 7#ahhi7 pp4 #bdf-bdh2 ,salomon ,re9a*1 8,le ,g5dre et la ,belle-,mre10 ,l',an?ropologie1 xxii4 7#aiaa7 pp4 #fdi-ffb2 id41 ,cultes1 ,my!s et ,religions1 iv4 7,p>is1 #aiab7 pp4 #acj-adg4 #ge4c ,9 ,totemism & ,exogamy 7,index1 s4vv4 8,avoidance0 & 8,"m-9-law07 w be f\nd a collection ( examples4 ,9 :at foll[s ,i ab/a9 = ! mo/ "p f cit+ in/ances :i* h be5 adduc$ by me be=e4 #gf4a ,rev4 ,john ,h4 ,weeks1 ,among ,congo ,cannibals 7,london1 #aiac71 pp4 #acc sq4 ,comp>e id41 8,an?ropological ,notes on ! ,bangala ( ! ,upp] ,congo10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 pp4 #cfg sq4 #gg4a ,fa!r ,m4 ,a4 ,condon1 8,contribution to ! ,e?nography ( ! ,basoga-,batamba1 ,ug&a ,protectorate10 ,an?ropos1 vi4 7#aiaa7 pp4 #cgg sq4 #gh4a ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 ,e?nology ( ,a-,kamba & o!r ,ea/ ,african ,tribes 7,cambridge1 #aiaj71 pp4 #ajc1 #ajd4 #gh4b ,fa!r ,eug5e ,hurel1 8,religion et vie dome/ique des ,bak]ewe10 ,an?ropos1 vi4 7#aiaa7 p4 #bhg4 #gi4a ,fa!r ,pic>da1 8,aut\r du ,m&]a1 ,notes sur l',ouzig\a1 l',oukwr et l',oudo 7,zanqueb>710 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 xviii4 7#ahhf7 p4 #bhf4 #gi4b ,h4 ,s4 ,/annus1 8,notes on ,"s ,tribes ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #cjg4 #gi4c ,h4 ,s4 ,/annus1 op4 cit4 p4 #cji4 #gi4d ,cull5 ,g\ldsbury & ,hub]t ,%eane1 ,! ,great ,plateau ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia 7,london1 #aiaa71 p4 #bei4 #gi4e 8,! ,angoni-,zulus10 ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa ,gazette1 ,no4 #hf1 ,april #cj?1 #ahih1 p4 #b4 #hj4a ,h5ri ,a4 ,junod1 ,les ,ba-,ronga 7,neu*tel1 #ahih71 pp4 #gi sq42 id41 ,! ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe 7,neu*atel1 #aiab-aiac71 i4 #bcj-bcb4 #hj4b ,h5ri ,a4 ,junod1 ,! ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe1 i4 #bci4 #ha4a ,h]mann ,tnjes1 ,ovambol&1 ,l&1 ,leute1 ,mission 7,b]l91 #aiaa71 p4 #acc4 #ha4b ,a4 ,c4 ,hollis1 8,a ,note on ! ,masai ,sy/em ( ,relation%ip & o!r ,matt]s connect$ !re)10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #dha4 #ha4c ,w]n] ,munz+]1 ,sitt5 und ,re*t d] ,bogos 7,w9t]?ur1 #ahei71 p4 #fc4 #ha4d ,g4 ,casati1 ,t5 ,ye>s 9 ,equatoria 7,london & ,new ,york1 #ahia71 i4 #fi4 #ha4e ,travels ( an ,arab ,m]*ant ,mohamm$ ,ibn ,om> ,el-,t\nsy 9 ,s\dan1 abridg$ f ! ,fr5* by ,bayle ,/4 ,john 7,london1 #ahed71 pp4 #ig sq4 #hb4a ,j4 ,kreem]1 8,de ,loeboes 9 ,m&ail+10 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s*-,indi1 lxvi4 7#aiab7 p4 #cbd4 #hb4b ,/efan ,lehn]1 8,bukaua10 9 ,r4 ,neuhauss's ,deuts* ,neu-,gu9ea 7,b]l91 #aiaa71 iii4 #dbf sq4 #hc4a ,j4 ,baeg]t1 8,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,aborig9al ,inhabitants ( ! ,cali=nian ,p59sula10 ,annual ,report ( ! ,bo>d ( ,reg5ts ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution = ! ye> #ahfc1 p4 #cfh4 ,?is & ! foll[+ ,am]ican cases h already be5 cit$ by me 9 ,totemism & ,exogamy1 iv4 #cad sq4 #hc4b ,alv> ,nuez ,cabea de ,vaca1 ,relation et ,naufrages 7,p>is1 #ahcg71 pp4 #aji sq4 79 ,t]naux-,compans' ,voyages1 ,relations1 et ,mmoires orig9aux p\r s]vir l',hi/oire de la ,dc\v]te de l',amrique74 ,! orig9al ( ?is "w 0 publi%$ 9 ,spani% at ,valladolid 9 #aeee4 #hc4c ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 ,hi/oire des ,nations civilises du ,mexique et de l',amrique-,c5trale 7,p>is1 #aheg-ahei71 ii4 #eb sq4 #hc4d ,g4 ,klemm1 ,allgeme9e ,culturges*i*te d] ,m5s*heit 7,leipsic1 #ahdc-aheb71 ii4 #gg4 #hc4e ,j4 ,b4 du ,t]tre1 ,hi/oire g5]ale des ,isles de ,s4 ,*ri/ophe1 de la ,guadel\pe1 de la ,m>t9ique et autres dans l',am]ique 7,p>is1 #afed71 p4 #dai4 ,a simil>1 b r brief]1 acc\nt ( ! cu/om is giv5 by ,de la ,borde1 :o may h borr[$ f ,du ,t]tre4 ,see ,de la ,borde1 8,relation de l'orig9e1 murs1 c\/umes1 rligion1 gu]res et voyages des ,c>aibes1 sauvages des ,isles ,antilles de l',am]ique10 p4 #ef 79 ,recueil de div]s ,voyages faits en ,afrique et en l',am]ique qui n'ont pas e/ encore publiez1 ,p>is1 #afhd74 #hd4a ,edmond ,reuel ,smi?1 ,! ,araucanians 7,london1 #ahee71 p4 #bag4 #hd4b ,we h met ) a cu/om ( avoidance betwe5 fa!r & daught] among ! ,akamba 7above1 p4 #gh74 ,= m examples see ,totemism & ,exogamy1 ,index1 s4v4 8,avoidance10 vol4 iv4 p4 #cbf4 #he4a ,among ^? :o incl9e m or less def9itely to accept ?is view are ! late ,dr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt 78,notes on "s ,au/ralian ,class ,sy/ems10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xii4 7#ahhc7 pp4 #ejb sq471 ,dr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton 7see bel[1 p4 #hf71 ,m4 ,j\/ra 7see bel[1 p4 #he71 & ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,weeks 7see above1 p4 #gf74 ,?ree ( ^! writ]s are exp]i5c$ mission>ies :o are only conc]n$ to record ! facts1 & h no !ories to ma9ta94 #he4b ,totemism & ,exogamy1 ii4 #ahh sq4 ,! au?ority = ^! /atem5ts is ,m4 ,j\/ra1 8,het lev51 de z$5 en gewoont5 d] ,bataks10 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xlvi4 7#aijb7 pp4 #cia sq4 #hf4a ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 ,d4,d41 ,! ,melanesians 7,ox=d1 #ahia71 p4 #bcb4 #hg4a ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 op4 cit4 p4 #dc4 #hh4a ,max ,girs*n]1 8,die ,k>ol959sel ,nmluk und ihre ,bewohn]10 ,baessl]-,ar*iv1 ii4 7#aiab7 p4 #afd4 #ij4a ,p4 ,g4 ,peckel1 8,die ,v]w&ts*aftsnam5 des mittl]5 ,neumeckl5burg10 ,an?ropos1 iii4 7#aijh7 pp4 #dfg1 #dgj sq4 #ij4b ,p4 ,g4 ,peckel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dfc1 #dfg4 #ij4c ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 ,! ,bag&a 7,london1 #aiaa71 pp4 #abh sq41 #aca2 ,sir ,h>ry ,john/on1 ,! ,ug&a ,protectorate 7,london1 #aijd71 ii4 #fie4 ,! latt] writ] says g5]ally3 8,c\s9s _c ent] ! same h\se1 & mu/ n eat out ( ! same di%4 ,a man _c m>ry 8 c\s940 ,b f ,mr4 ,roscoe's rese>*es x appe>s t a man has only to avoid c]ta9 c\s9s1 call$ kizibwewe1 t is1 ! daught]s ei!r ( 8 fa!r's si/]s or ( 8 "m's bro!rs4 #ia4a ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 op4 cit4 p4 #abi4 ,among ! wom5 ) :om man 0 =bidd5 to h sexual relations "u pa9 ( dea? 7 7besides 8 c\s9s m5tion$ above7 8 fa!r's si/]1 8 daught]1 & 8 wife's si/]'s daught]4 ,see ,j4 ,roscoe1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aca1 #acb4 ,! reason alleg$ = avoid+ a "m-9-law1 namely1 because a man has se5 h] daught]'s nak$ness 7comp>e above1 p4 #gf7 is probably a lat] mis9t]pretation ( ! cu/om4 #ia4b ,g4 ,mc,call ,!al1 ,records ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,africa1 vii4 7#aija7 pp4 #dca1 #dcb4 ,! writ] adds3 8,among ! tribes )9 ! ,cape ,colony at ! pres5t "t ! diff]5ces are z foll[s3-- 8,xosas1 ,tembus1 & ,pondos3 m>ry no relative by blood1 h[ev] di/ant1 on ei!r fa!r's or "m's side4 8,hlubis & o!rs commonly call$ ,f+os3 may m>ry ! daught] ( "m's bro!r & o!r relatives on t side1 b n on fa!r's side4 8,basuto1 ,batl>o1 ,batlap91 & ,b>olong3 v frequ5tly m>ry c\s9s on fa!r's side1 & "k ( no re/rictions beyond actual si/]s40 #ib4a ,h5ri ,a4 ,junod1 ,! ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe 7,neu*atel1 #aiab-aiac71 i4 #bdc-bde4 ,z to ! rules conc]n+ ! m>riage ( c\s9s 9 ?is tribe1 see id4 i4 #bda sq4 #ib4b ,he9ri* ,claus1 ,die ,wagogo 7,leipsic & ,b]l91 #aiaa71 p4 #eh4 #ic4a ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 8,kikuyu ,cu/oms & ,beliefs10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #dch4 #id4a ,see above1 pp4 #gh sq41 #ha4 #id4b ,see above1 pp4 #hj1 #ha1 #hd4 #id4c ,see above1 p4 #ha4 #id4d ,see above1 pp4 #dd sqq4 #id4e ,see bel[1 pp4 #ajb sqq4 #ie4a ,on ! "q ( ! effect ( inbre$+ see ,totemism & ,exogamy1 iv4 #afj sqq4 #ie4b ,a4 ,h4 ,hu?1 ,! ,m>riage ( ,ne> ,k9 consid]$ ) respect to ! ,laws ( ,nations1 ! ,results ( ,exp]i5ce1 & ! ,tea*+s ( ,biology1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahhg74 #if4a ,j4 ,ar?ur ,?omson1 article 8,consangu9ity10 9 ,dr4 ,james ,ha/+s's ,encyclopa$ia ( ,religion & ,e?ics1 iv4 7,ed9burgh1 #aiaa7 p4 #cj4 #if4b ,&r ,!vet1 ,la ,cosmographie ,univ]selle 7,p>is1 #aege71 ii4 #icc #ifg4 #ig4a ,fa!r ,p4 ,s*uma*]1 8,das ,eh]e*t 9 ,ru&a10 ,an?ropos1 vii4 7#aiab7 p4 #d4 #ig4b ,h4 ,h4 ,milman1 ,hi/ory ( ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity1 ,new ,impression 7,london1 #aijc71 ii4 #ed4 #ig4c ,^! p>ticul>s z to ! ,slavonic peoples ( ! ,balkan p59sula ,i take f a lett] ) :i* ,miss ,m4 ,edi? ,durham1 "o ( our be/ au?orities on ^! races1 0 s good z to fav\r me4 ,h] lett] is dat$ #aaf;a ,k+ ,h5ry's ,road1 ,london1 ,n4,w41 ,octob] #af?1 #aiji4 ,! /on+ ( ! betro!d c\ple ne> ,catt>o is record$1 s ,miss ,durham tells me1 9 a ,s]vian book1 ,n>odne ,pripovjetke i ,presude1 by ,vuk ,vrcevi4 ,= _m m examples ( ! dea? p5alty & o!r sev]e puni%m5ts inflict$ = sexual (f5ces1 see ,e4 ,we/]m>ck1 ,! ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,moral ,ideas 7,london1 #aijf-aijh71 ii4 #cff sqq41 #dbe sqq4 #ih4a ,f4 ,s4 ,krauss1 ,sitte und ,brau* d] ,sdslav5 7,vi5na1 #ahhe71 pp4 #bji1 #baf1 #bag4 ,comp>e ,f4 ,demeli1 ,le ,droit ,c\tumi] des ,slaves ,mridionaux 7,p>is1 #ahgf71 p4 #gf4 #ih4b ,f4 ,s4 ,krauss1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bjh-bab1 cit+ z 8 au?ority ,vuk ,vrevi1 ,niz srpskih pripovij$aka1 pp4 #abi-acg4 #ih4c ,f4 ,s4 ,krauss1 ,sitte und ,brau* d] ,sdslav51 p4 #bjd4 #ii4a ,= examples ( ! attempt to multiply edible plants 9 ?is fa%ion1 see ,! ,magic ,art & ! ,evolution ( ,k+s1 ii4 #ig sqq4 ,! report$ examples ( simil> attempts to assi/ ! multiplication ( animals seem to be r>]4 ,= "s in/ances see ,george ,catl91 ,o-,kee-,pa1 a ,religi\s ,c]emony & o!r ,cu/oms ( ! ,m&ans 7,london1 #ahfg71 ,folium ,res]vatum1 pp4 i4-iii4 7multiplication ( buffaloes72 ,hi/ory ( ! ,exp$ition "u ! ,comm& ( ,capta9s ,lewis & ,cl>k to ! ,s\rces ( ! ,miss\ri 7,london1 #aije71 i4 #bji sq4 7multiplication or attraction ( buffaloes72 ,maximilian ,pr9z zu ,wi$1 ,reise 9 das inn]e ,nord-,am]ica 7,cobl5tz1 #ahci-ahda71 ii4 #aha1 #bfc-bfg 7multiplication or attraction ( buffaloes72 ,reports ( ! ,cambridge ,an?ropological ,exp$ition to ,torres ,/raits1 v4 7#aijd7 p4 #bga 7multiplication ( turtles72 ,j4 ,roscoe1 8,fur!r ,notes on ! ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,bag&a10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #ec2 id41 ,! ,bag&a 7,london1 #aiaa71 p4 #add 7multiplication ( edible gre5 locu/s72 ,s4 ,gason1 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxiv4 7#ahie7 p4 #agd 7multiplication ( edible rats72 id41 8,! ,diey]ie ,tribe10 9 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia 7,adelaide1 #ahgi71 p4 #bhj 7multiplication ( dogs & snakes74 #ajj4a ,i h giv5 my reasons = ?9k+ s else:]e 7,! ,magic ,art & ! ,evolution ( ,k+s1 i4 #bbj sqq474 #ajc4a ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 ,! ,bag&a 7,london1 #aiaa71 p4 #bfb4 #ajc4b ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 op4 cit4 p4 #ee4 ,comp>e id41 8,fur!r ,notes on ! ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,bag&a10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #ci4 #ajc4c ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 ,! ,bag&a1 p4 #bfb4 #ajc4d ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 op4 cit4 pp4 #gb1 #ajb4 #ajd4a ,cull5 ,g\ldsbury & ,hub]t ,%eane1 ,! ,great ,plateau ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia 7,london1 #aiaa71 pp4 #eg1 #agh4 #ajd4b ,h5ri ,a4 ,junod1 8,les ,conceptions ,physiologiques des ,bant\ ,sud-,africa9s et leurs ,tab\s10 ,revue d',e?nographie et de ,sociologie1 i4 7#aiaj7 p4 #aej2 id41 ,! ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe 7,neu*atel1 #aiab-aiac71 i4 #ch sq4 #aje4a ,h5ri ,a4 ,junod1 8,les ,conceptions ,physiologiques des ,bant\s ,sud-,africa9s et leurs ,tab\s10 ,revue d',e?nographie et de ,sociologie1 i4 7#aiaj7 p4 #aej2 id41 ,! ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe1 i4 #aid sq4 #aje4b ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 8,kikuyu ,cu/oms & ,beliefs10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #dcc4 ,a simil> /ate ( c]emonial pollution 7?ahu7 is suppos$ by ! ,akikuyu to arise on _m o!r occasions1 :i* are enum]at$ by ,mr4 ,hobley 7op4 cit4 pp4 #dbh-ddj74 ,see fur!r bel[1 p4 #aae1 note #e4 #aje4c ,h4 ,s4 ,/annus1 8,notes on "s ,tribes ( ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #cje4 ,comp>e ,r4 ,c4 ,f4 ,maugham1 ,zambezia 7,london1 #aiaj71 p4 #cbf4 #aje4d ,max ,weiss1 ,die ,vlk]/mme im ,nord5 ,deuts*-,o/afrikas 7,b]l91 #aiaj71 p4 #che4 #aje4e ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 ,e?nology ( ,a-,kamba & o!r ,ea/ ,african ,tribes 7,cambridge1 #aiaj71 p4 #fa4 #ajf4a ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 op4 cit4 p4 #ajc4 #ajf4b ,a4 ,k>asek1 8,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss d] ,was*ambaa10 ,baessl]-,ar*iv1 i4 7#aiaa7 p4 #ahf4 #ajf4c ,p4 ,rei*>d1 ,deuts* ,o/afrika 7,leipsic1 #ahib71 p4 #dbg2 ,h4 ,cole1 8,notes on ! ,wagogo ( ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 pp4 #cah sq42 ,a4 ,d',orbigny1 ,voyage dans l',amrique mridionale1 iii4 ,"p i4 7,p>is & ,/rasburg1 #ahdd7 p4 #bbf2 ,ivan ,petr(f1 ,report on ! ,population1 ,indu/ries1 & ,res\rces ( ,alaska1 p4 #aee4 #ajf4d ,c4 ,lumholtz1 ,unkn[n ,mexico 7,london1 #aijc71 ii4 #abh sq4 #ajf4e ,de ,flac\rt1 ,hi/oire de la ,gr&e ,isle ,madagasc> 7,p>is1 #afeh71 pp4 #ig sq4 ,comp>e ,john ,/ruys1 ,voiages & ,travels 7,london1 #afhd71 p4 #bb2 ,abb ,ro*on1 ,voyage to ,madagasc> & ! ,ea/ ,indies1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* 7,london1 #agib71 pp4 #df sq4 #ajg4a ,rev4 ,j4 ,roscoe1 ,! ,bag&a 7,london1 #aiaa71 pp4 #ceb1 #cfb1 #cfc1 sq4 #ajg4b ,rev4 ,john ,h4 ,weeks1 8,an?ropological ,notes on ! ,bangala ( ! ,upp] ,congo ,riv]10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #dac2 id41 ,among ,congo ,cannibals 7,london1 #aiac71 p4 #bbd4 #ajg4c ,j4 ,r4 ,swanton1 8,contributions to ! ,e?nology ( ! ,haida10 p4 #ef 7,! ,jesup ,nor? ,pacific ,exp$ition1 ,memoir ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 v4 ,"p i41 ,leyd5 & ,new ,york1 #aije74 #ajg4d #b ,samuel xi4 #ajh4a 8,mr4 ,f>ewell's ,acc\nt ( ,*aka1 ! ,k+ ( ,natal10 ,app5dix to ,w4 ,f4 ,w4 ,ow5's ,n>rative ( ,voyages to explore ! ,%ores ( ,africa1 ,arabia1 & ,madagasc> 7,london1 #ahcc71 ii4 #cie4 #ajh4b ,l4 ,alb]ti1 ,de ,kaff]s 7,am/]dam1 #ahaj71 p4 #aga4 #ajh4c ,c4 ,wun5b]g]1 8,la ,mission et le ,royaume de ,humb1 sur les bords du ,cunne10 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 xx4 7#ahhh71 p4 #bfb4 #ajh4d ,j4 ,b4 ,labat1 ,relation hi/orique de l'?iopie occid5tale 7,p>is1 #agcb71 i4 #bei sq4 #aji4a ,proy>t1 8,hi/ory ( ,loango1 ,kakongo1 & o!r ,k+doms 9 ,africa10 9 ,j4 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels 7,london1 #ahjh-ahad71 xvi4 #efi4 #aji4b ,j4 ,kreem]1 8,de ,loeboes 9 ,m&ail+10 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s*-,indi1 lxvi4 7#aiab7 p4 #cbc4 #aji4c ,p4 ,ras*]1 ,m4,s4,c41 8,die ,sulka1 e9 ,beitrag zur ,e?nographie ,neu-,pomm]n10 ,ar*iv fr ,an?ropologie1 xxix4 7#aijd7 p4 #baa2 ,r4 ,p>k9son1 ,dreissig ,jahre 9 d] ,sdsee 7,/uttg>t1 #aijg71 pp4 #agi sq4 ,9 ! ,ea/ ,indian isl& ( ,buru a man's dea? is sometimes suppos$ to be due to ! adult]y ( 8 wife2 b app>5tly ! notion is t ! dea? is br\ght ab\t r by ! evil magic ( ! adult]] ?an by ! act ( adult]y itself4 ,see ,j4 ,h4 ,w4 van d] ,mies51 8,e5 en &] ov] ,bo]oe1 inzond]heit wat betreft het di/rikt ,waisama1 geleg5 aan de ,z4,o4 ,ku/10 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xlvi4 7#aijb7 pp4 #dea-ded4 #aaj4a ,p4 ,a4 ,talbot1 8,! ,buduma ( ,lake ,*ad10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xli4 7#aiaa7 p4 #bdg4 ,*apt] ,v ,notes #aab4a ,humboldt1 ,voyage aux ,rgions ,equ9oxiales1 viii4 #bgc4 #aac4a ,alcide d',orbigny1 ,voyage dans l',amrique ,mridionale1 ii4 7,p>is & ,/rasburg1 #ahci-ahdc7 pp4 #ii sq4 ,z to ! ?iev+ prop5sities ( ! ,patagonians1 ! au?or tells u t 8!y d n /eal among !mselves1 x is true2 b _! p>5ts1 f _! t5d] infancy1 tea* !m to consid] !ft f ! enemy z ! base ( _! education1 z an accompli%m5t indisp5sable = e "o :o w\ld succe$ 9 life1 z a ?+ orda9$ by ! ,evil ,_s1 s mu* s t :5 !y are reproa*$ = a !ft1 !y always say t ,a*ek5at-,kanet comm&$ !m s to d0 7op4 cit4 p4 #ajd74 ,a*ek5at-,kanet is ! sup]natural be+ :o1 "u v>i\s names1 is rev]$ or dread$ by all ! ,indian tribes ( ,patagonia4 ,sometimes he appe>s z a good & sometimes z a bad _s4 ,see ,a4 d',orbigny1 op4 cit4 ii4 #hg4 #aad4a ,plato1 ,laws1 ix4 #h1 pp4 #hfe d-#hff a2 ,demo/h5es1 xxiii4 pp4 #fdc sq42 ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 4 #aad4b ,aes*ylus1 ,*ophor4 #ajba sqq41 ,eum5ides1 #he sqq42 ,euripides1 ,iphig4 9 ,taur4 #idj sqq42 ,pausanias1 ii4 #ca4 #h1 viii4 #cd4 #a-d4 #aad4c ,demo/h5es1 xxiii4 pp4 #fdc sq4 #aad4d ,demo/h5es1 xxiii4 pp4 #fde sq42 ,ari/otle1 ,con/itution ( ,a!ns1 #eg2 ,pausanias1 i4 #bh4 #aa2 ,pollux1 viii4 #abj2 ,helladius1 quot$ by ,photius1 ,biblio!ca1 p4 #ece a1 l9es #bh sqq4 ed4 ,i4 ,bekk] 7,b]l91 #ahbd74 #aae4a ,plato1 ,laws1 ix4 #h1 p4 #hff ,c ,d4 #aae4b ,polybius1 iv4 #ag-ba4 #aae4c ,plut>*1 ,praecept4 g]4 reipub4 xvii4 #i4 #aae4d ,pausanias1 ii4 #ca4 #h4 #aae4e ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 8,kikuyu ,cu/oms & ,beliefs10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #dca4 ,! nature ( ! c]emonial pollution 7?ahu7 ?us incurr$ is expla9$ by ,mr4 ,hobley 7op4 cit4 p4 #dbh7 z foll[s3 8,?ahu1 sometimes call$ ngahu1 is ! ^w us$ = a condition into :i* a p]son is believ$ to fall if he or %e accid5tally becomes ! victim ( c]ta9 circum/ances or int5tionally p]=ms c]ta9 acts :i* c>ry ) !m a k9d ( ill luck or curse4 ,a p]son :o is ?ahu becomes emaciat$ & ill or breaks out into eruptions or boils1 & if ! ?ahu is n remov$ w probably die4 ,9 _m cases ?is und\bt$ly happ5s by ! process ( auto-sugge/ion1 z x nev] occurs to ! ,kikuyu m9d to be sceptical on a matt] ( ?is k9d4 ,x is said t ! ?ahu condition is caus$ by ! ngoma or spirits ( dep>t$ ance/ors1 b ! process does n seem to h be5 analys$ any fur!r40 ,see also above1 pp4 #ic1 #aje4 #aaf4a ,aes*ylus1 ,eum5ides1 #bhj sqq41 #ddh sqq42 id41 quot$ by ,eu/a?ius on ,hom]1 ,iliad1 xix4 #bed1 p4 #aahc1 1 1 2 ,apollonius ,rhodius1 ,argonaut4 iv4 #gjc-gag1 ) ! notes ( ! s*olia/4 ,purifications ( ?is sort are repres5t$ 9 ,greek art4 ,see my note on ,pausanias ii4 #ca4 #h 7vol4 iii4 pp4 #bgf sqq474 #aaf4b ,lieut5ant ,?omas ,%aw1 8,! ,inhabitants ( ! ,hills ne> ,rajamahall10 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 ,f\r? ,edition1 iv4 7,london1 #ahjg7 p4 #gh1 comp>e p4 #gg4 #aaf4c ,see above1 pp4 #dd sqq4 #aaf4d ,mission>y ,aut5rie?1 8,zur ,religion d] ,kam]un-,neg]10 ,mitteilung5 d] geographis*5 ,gesells*aft zu ,j5a1 xii4 7#ahic7 pp4 #ic sq4 #aag4a ,v4 ,solomon1 8,extracts f ,di>ies kept 9 ,c> ,nicob>10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #bbg4 #aag4b ,see my note on ,pausanias1 ii4 #ca4 #h 7vol4 iii4 pp4 #bgf sqq474 #aag4c ,?is 0 ! view ( ,c4 ,me9]s 7,ges*i*te d] ,religion51 ,hanov]1 #ahjf-ahjg1 ii4 #acg sq471 & ( ,e4 ,rohde 7,psy*e#c1 ,tb+5 & ,leipsic1 #aijc1 ii4 #gg sq474 #aag4d 1 ,h]aclitus1 9 ,h4 ,diels's ,die ,fragm5te d] ,vorsokratik]1 ,zweite ,auflage1 i4 7,b]l91 #aijf7 p4 #fb4 #aag4e ,pausanias1 viii4 #cd4 #c4 #aah4a ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,b]nau1 ,mission>y ,lab\rs 9 ,briti% ,guiana 7,london1 #ahdg71 pp4 #eg sq42 ,r4 ,s*omburgk1 ,reis5 9 ,britis*-,guiana 7,leipsic1 #ahdg-ahdh71 ii4 #dig4 #aah4b ,j4 ,dumont ,d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du monde et la re*]*e de la ,pr\se 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 iii4 #cje4 #aah4c ,john ,bradbury1 ,travels 9 ! ,int]ior ( ,am]ica 7,liv]pool1 #ahag71 p4 #afj4 #aah4d ,pomponius ,mela1 ,*orogr4 ii4 #ab1 p4 #ce1 ed4 ,g4 ,p>!y 7,b]l91 #ahfg74 #aah4e ,a4 ,c4 ,hollis1 ,! ,n&i 7,ox=d1 #aiji71 p4 #bg4 #aai4a ,major ,a4 ,g4 ,leon>d1 ,! ,l[] ,nig] & its ,tribes 7,london1 #aijf71 pp4 #ahj1 #aha sq4 #aai4b ,mrs4 ,leslie ,milne1 ,%ans at ,home 7,london1 #aiaj71 p4 #aib4 ,among ! ,%ans 89 a case ( capital puni%m5t m ?an "o execution] assi/$1 & ea* tri$ to avoid giv+ ! fatal bl[1 s t ! s9 ( kill+ ! culprit %\ld fall ^u sev]al1 ea* be>+ a "p4 ,! un=tunate man 0 kill$ by reason ( repeat$ sword cuts1 no "o ( :i* 0 suffici5t to kill him1 & di$ r f loss ( blood ?an f "o fatal bl[0 7,mrs4 ,leslie ,milne1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aia sq474 ,p]haps ea* execution] fe>$ to be haunt$ by 8 victim's gho/ if he actually despat*$ him4 #aai4c ,v9c5zo ,dorsa1 ,la ,tradizione greco-lat9a negli usi e nelle cr$5ze popol>i della ,calabria ,cit]iore 7,cos5za1 #ahhd71 p4 #ach4 #aai4d ,j4 ,liorel1 ,kabylie du ,jurjura 7,p>is1 ,n4,d471 p4 #dda4 #abj4a ,lieut4-,colonel ,j4 ,%akespe>1 8,! ,kuki-,lu%ai clans10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxix4 7#aiji7 p4 #chj2 id41 ,! ,lu%ei ,kuki ,clans 7,london1 #aiab71 pp4 #gh sq4 #abj4b ,j4 ,h4 ,we/ ,%eane1 8,wemba ,w>pa?s10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,african ,society1 ,no4 #da 7,octob]1 #aiaa71 pp4 #ca sq4 #abj4c ,taboo & ! ,p]ils ( ! ,s\l1 pp4 #afe sqq4 #abj4d ,rev4 ,e4 ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos 7,london1 #ahfa71 p4 #beh4 #aba4a ,fa!r ,porte1 8,les ,rm9isc5ces d'un missionnaire du ,basutol&10 ,les ,missions ca?oliques1 xxviii4 7#ahif7 p4 #cga4 #abb4a ,psanyi is half-dige/$ grass f\nd 9 ! /oma*s ( sacrific$ goats 7,h4 ,a4 ,junod1 ,! ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe1 ii4 #efi74 #abb4b ,h5ri ,a4 ,junod1 ,! ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe 7,neu*tel1 #aiab-aiac71 i4 #dec-dee4 ,i h omitt$ "s ( ! ,?onga words :i* ,mr4 ,junod ins]ts 9 ! text4 #abc4a ,n4 ,adriani en ,alb4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 ,de ,b>e'e-sprek5de ,toradja's van ,midd5-,celebes1 i4 7,batavia1 #aiab7 p4 #bci4 #abc4b ,sir ,h4 ,john/on1 ,! ,ug&a ,protectorate 7,london1 #aijb71 ii4 #gdc sq42 ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 ,ea/]n ,ug&a 7,london1 #aijb71 p4 #bj4 #abc4c ,extract f a type-writt5 acc\nt ( ! tribes ( ,m\nt ,elgon1 by ! ,hon4 ,k5ne? ,r4 ,dundas1 :i* ! au?or k9dly s5t to me4 #abc4d ,sir ,h4 ,john/on1 op4 cit4 ii4 #gid2 ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 op4 cit4 p4 #ca4 #abc4e ,pausanias1 viii4 #cd4 #c2 comp>e ,/rabo1 xii4 #b4 #c1 p4 #ece4 #abd4a ,e4 ,torday & ,t4 ,a4 ,joyce1 8,notes on ! ,e?nography ( ! ,ba-,yaka10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxvi4 7#aijf7 pp4 #ej sq4 #abd4b ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 8,folk-lore 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t10 9 ,an?ropological ,essays pres5t$ to ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor 7,ox=d1 #aijg71 p4 #ajh4 #abd4c 8,relation des ,nat*ez10 ,recueil de ,voyages au ,nord1 ix4 #bd 7,am/]dam1 #agcg72 ,lettres difiantes et curieuses1 ,n\velle dition1 vii4 7,p>is1 #agha7 p4 #bf2 ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france 7,p>is1 #agdd71 vi4 #ahf sq4 #abe4a ,*4 ,keyss]1 8,aus dem ,leb5 d] ,kaileute10 9 ,r4 ,neuhauss's ,deuts* ,neu-,gu9ea 7,b]l91 #aiaa71 iii4 #adg sq4 #abe4b ,*4 ,keyss]1 op4 cit4 p4 #acb4 #abf4a ,r4 ,e4 ,guise1 8,on ! ,tribes inhabit+ ! m\? ( ! ,wanigela ,riv]1 ,new ,gu9ea10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxviii4 7#ahii7 pp4 #bac sq4 #abf4b ,rev4 ,j4 ,ow5 ,dorsey1 8,omaha ,sociology10 ,?ird ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton1 #ahhd71 p4 #cfi4 #abg4a ,franz ,boas1 ,*9ook ,texts 7,wa%+ton1 #ahid71 p4 #beh4 #abh4a ,k4 ,vett]1 8b] papuanis*e ,re*tsv]hltnisse1 wie sol*e nam5tli* bei d5 ,jabim beoba*tet wurd510 ,na*ri*t5 b] ,kais] ,wilhelms-,l& und d5 ,bism>ck-,ar*ipel1 #ahig1 p4 #ii2 ,b4 ,hag51 ,unt] d5 ,papuas 7,wiesbad51 #ahii71 p4 #bed4 #abh4b ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,weeks1 ,among ,congo ,cannibals 7,london1 #aiac71 p4 #bfh2 comp>e id41 8,an?ropological ,notes on ! ,bangala ( ! ,upp] ,congo ,riv]10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 p4 #cgc4 #abi4a ,c4 ,w4 ,hobley1 8,kikuyu ,cu/oms & ,beliefs10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,intitute1 xl4 7#aiaj7 pp4 #dch sq4 ,z to ! sanctity ( ! fig-tree 7mugumu7 among ! ,akikuyu1 see ,m]vyn ,w4 ,h4 ,bee*1 8,! sacr$ fig-tree ( ! ,a-kikuyu ( ,ea/ ,africa10 ,man1 xiii4 7#aiac7 pp4 #d-f4 ,mr4 ,bee* traces ! rev]5ce = ! tree to ! :ite milky sap :i* exudes f x :5 an incision is made 9 ! b>k4 ,?is appe>s to h sugge/$ to ! savages ! idea t ! tree is a great s\rce ( f]tility to m5 & wom51 to cattle1 %eep1 & goats4 #abi4b ,n4 ,adriani en ,alb4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 ,de ,b>e'e-sprek5de ,toradja's van ,midd5-,celebes1 i4 7,batavia1 #aiab7 pp4 #bhe1 #bij sq4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! w>s betwe5 ! tribes h be5 suppress$ by ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t4 #acj4a ,comp>e ,! ,belief 9 ,immortality & ! ,wor%ip ( ! ,dead1 i4 7,london1 #aiac7 pp4 #acf sq41 #bgh sq41 #dfh sq4 #acj4b ,rev4 ,e4 ,b4 ,cross1 8,on ! ,k>5s10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 iv4 ,no4 #b 7,new ,york1 #ahed71 pp4 #cab sq4 #acj4c ,br+aud1 8,les ,k>9s de la ,birmanie10 ,les ,missions ca?oliques1 xx4 7#ahhh7 p4 #bjh4 #aca4a ,w4 ,h4 ,keat+1 ,n>rative ( an ,exp$ition to ! ,s\rces ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,riv] 7,london1 #ahbe71 i4 #aji1 quot+ ,mr4 ,b>ron4 #aca4b ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france 7,p>is1 #agdd71 vi4 #gg1 #abb sq42 ,j4 ,f4 ,lafitau1 ,murs des sauvages amriqua9s 7,p>is1 #agbd71 ii4 #bgi4 #aca4c ,h4 von ,ros5b]g1 ,d] malayis*e ,ar*ipel 7,leipsic1 #ahgh71 p4 #dfa4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,l4 van ,hasselt1 8,die ,papua/mme an d] ,geelv9kbai 7,neugu9ea710 ,mitteilung5 d] geographis*5 ,gesells*aft zu ,j5a1 ix4 7#ahia7 p4 #aja4 #aca4d ,k4 ,vett]1 8b] papuanis*e ,re*tsv]hltnisse10 9 ,na*ri*t5 b] ,kais] ,wilhelms-,l& und d5 ,bism>ck-,ar*ipel 7#ahig71 p4 #id2 ,b4 ,hag51 ,unt] d5 ,papuas 7,wiesbad51 #ahii71 p4 #bff4 #aca4e ,/efan ,lehn]1 8,bukaua10 9 ,r4 ,neuhauss's ,deuts* ,neu-,gu9ea 7,b]l91 #aiaa71 iii4 #ddd4 #aca4f ,george ,br[n1 ,d4,d41 ,melanesians & ,polynesians 7,london1 #aiaj71 pp4 #adb1 #ade4 #acb4a ,john ,jackson1 9 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e's ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,london1 #ahec71 p4 #dgg4 #acb4b ,c4 ,wiese1 8,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te d] ,zulu im ,nord5 des ,zambesi10 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 xxxii4 7#aijj7 pp4 #aig sq4 #acb4c ,rev4 ,samuel ,mate]1 ,! ,l& ( ,*>ity1 a ,descriptive ,acc\nt ( ,travancore & its ,p 7,london1 #ahga71 pp4 #bjc sq4 #acb4d ,e4 ,w4 ,nelson1 8,! ,eskimo ab\t ,b]+ ,/rait10 ,eighte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 ,"p i4 7,wa%+ton1 #ahii7 p4 #dbc4 #acc4a ,rev4 ,j4 ,ow5 ,dorsey1 8,a ,/udy ( ,si\an ,cults10 ,elev5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton1 #ahid71 p4 #dbj4 #acc4b ,dr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,br9ck]1 8,"*1 ,sitt51 und ,gebru*e speciell d] ,bantu ,deuts*-,sdwe/afrikas10 ,mitteilung5 des ,sem9>s fr ori5talis*5 ,spra*5 zu ,b]l91 iii4 dritte ,abteilung 7#aijj71 pp4 #hi sq4 #acc4c ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,nassau1 ,feti*ism 9 ,we/ ,africa 7,london1 #aijd71 p4 #bbj2 ,m4 ,abeghian1 ,d] arm5is*e ,volksglaube 7,leipsic1 #ahii71 p4 #aa4 #acc4d ,h4 ,a4 ,rose1 8,h9du ,bir? ,obs]vances 9 ! ,punjab10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxvii4 7#aijg7 pp4 #bbe sq4 #acc4e ,g4 ,f4 ,d' ,p5ha1 8,sup]/itions & ,cu/oms 9 ,salsette10 ,! ,indian ,antiqu>y1 xxviii4 7#ahii7 p4 #aae4 #acc4f ,c5sus ( ,india1 #aiaa1 vol4 xiv4 ,punjab1 ,"p ,i4 7,lahore1 #aiab7 p4 #cjc4 ,z to ^! p]turb$ & p]turb+ spirits 9 ,india1 see fur!r ,w4 ,crooke1 ,popul> ,religion & ,folk-lore ( ,nor!rn ,india 7,we/m9/]1 #ahif71 i4 #bfi-bgd4 ,!y are call$ *urel4 #acd4a ,e4 ,m4 ,gordon1 ,indian ,folk ,tales 7,london1 #aijh71 p4 #dg4 #acd4b ,rev4 ,p4 ,dehon1 ,s4,j41 8,religion & ,cu/oms ( ! ,uraons10 ,memoirs ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 vol4 i4 ,no4 #i 7,calcutta1 #aijf71 pp4 #aci sq4 #acd4c ,lieut4-,colonel ,h4 ,w4 ,g4 ,cole1 8,! ,lu%ais10 9 ,c5sus ( ,india1 #aiaa1 vol4 iii4 ,assam1 ,"p ,i4 7,%illong1 #aiab7 p4 #adj4 #ace4a ,mrs4 ,leslie ,milne1 ,%ans at ,home 7,london1 #aiaj71 p4 #if4 ,! cu/om ( c>ry+ ! dead out ( ! h\se by a special op5+1 :i* is !n block$ up to prev5t ! return ( ! gho/1 has be5 obs]v$ by _m peoples 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,= examples see ,! ,belief 9 ,immortality & ! ,wor%ip ( ! ,dead1 i4 #deb sqq4 #acf4a ,*4 ,gilhodes1 8,naissance et ,enfance *ez les ,kat*9s 7,birmanie710 ,an?ropos1 vi4 7#aiaa7 pp4 #hgb sq4 #acf4b ,van ,s*midt1 8,aanteek5+5 nop5s de z$51 etc41 d] bevolk+ van de eil&5 ,sap>oea1 etc410 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&s ,indie1 v4 ,twe$e ,deel 7,batavia1 #ahdc71 pp4 #ebh sqq42 ,g4 ,heijm]+1 8,z$5 en gewoont5 op het eil& ,timor10 ,tijds*rift voor ,ne]l&s ,indi1 vii4 ,neg5de ,aflev]+ 7,batavia1 #ahde71 pp4 #bgh sq41 note2 ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,e?nologie van ,zuid-,celebes 7,! ,hague1 #ahge71 p4 #ig2 ,w4 ,e4 ,maxwell1 8,folk-lore ( ! ,malays10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,/raits ,bran* ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,no4 #g 7,june #ahha71 p4 #bh2 ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat1 ,malay ,magic 7,london1 #aijj71 p4 #cbe2 ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik- en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua 7,! ,hague1 #ahhf71 p4 #ha2 ,b4 ,c4 ,a4 ,j4 van ,d9t]1 8,e5ige geographis*e en e?nographis*e aanteek5+5 betreff5de het eil& ,siaoe10 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xli4 7#ahii7 p4 #cha2 ,a4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 8,e5ige e?nografis*e aanteek5+5 omtr5t de ,tobo5gkoe en de ,tomori10 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xliv4 7,rott]dam1 #aijj7 p4 #bah2 id41 ,het ,animisme 9 d5 ,indis*5 ,ar*ipel 7,! ,hague1 #aijf71 p4 #beb2 ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,h&leid+ voor de v]gelijk5de ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s*-,indi 7,leyd51 #ahic71 p4 #eei2 ,j4 ,h4 ,me]waldt1 8,gebruik5 d] ,bataks 9 het maats*appelijk lev510 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del9eggnoots*ap1 xlix4 7#aije7 p4 #aac4 ,! common "n = ^! dread$ gho/s is pontianak4 ,= a full acc\nt ( !m see ,a4 ,c4 ,kruijt1 ,het ,animisme 9 d5 ,indis*5 ,ar*ipel1 pp4 #bde sqq4 #acg4a ,j4 ,p]ham1 8,sea ,dyak ,religion10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,/raits ,bran* ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,no4 #ad 7,s+apore1 #ahhe71 pp4 #bia sq4 #acg4b ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat & ,c4 ,o4 ,blagd51 ,pagan ,races ( ! ,malay ,p59sula 7,london1 #aijf71 ii4 #aji4 #acg4c ,t4 de ,pauly1 ,description e?nographique des peuples de la ,russie 7,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahfb71 ,peuples ouralo-altaques1 p4 #ga4 #acg4d ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,au/ralia 7,london1 #aijd71 p4 #dgd4 #acg4e ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 op4 cit4 p4 #dgc4 #acg4f ,h4 ,zimm]1 ,alt9dis*es ,leb5 7,b]l91 #ahgi71 p4 #djb4 #ach4a ,rev4 ,fa!r ,julius ,jett1 8,on ! ,sup]/itions ( ! ,t5'a ,indians10 ,an?ropos1 vi4 7#aiaa7 p4 #gjg4 #ach4b ,t4 de ,pauly1 ,description e?nographique des peuples de la ,russie 7,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahfb71 ,peuples ouralo-altaques1 p4 #ga4 #ach4c 7,sir7 ,h4 ,h4 ,risley1 ,! ,tribes & ,ca/es ( ,b5gal1 ,e?nographic ,gloss>y1 ii4 7,calcutta1 #ahia7 pp4 #ge sq4 ,comp>e ,e4 ,t4 ,atk9son1 ,! ,himalayan ,di/ricts ( ! ,nor?-,we/]n ,prov9ces ( ,india1 ii4 7,allahabad1 #ahhd7 p4 #hcb2 ,w4 ,crooke1 ,popul> ,religion & ,folk-lore ( ,nor!rn ,india 7,we/m9/]1 #ahif71 ii4 #eg4 #aci4a ,rev4 ,g4 ,:itehead1 8,notes on ! ,*9s ( ,burma10 ,indian ,antiqu>y1 xxxvi4 7#aijg7 pp4 #bad sq4 #aci4b ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afci1 p4 #dd 7,canadian repr9t1 ,quebec1 #aheh74 #adj4a ,rev4 ,pet] ,jones1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,ojebway ,indians 7,london1 ,n4,d471 pp4 #ii sq4 #ada4a 8,sitt5 und ,gebru*e d] ,l5gua-,indian]1 na* ,missionsb]i*t5 von ,g4 ,kurze10 ,mitteilung5 d] geographis*5 ,gesells*aft zu ,j5a1 xxiii4 7#aije7 pp4 #ag sq41 #ai sq41 #ba sq4 ,! ,cross ,riv] natives ( ,s\!rn ,nig]ia1 l ! ,l5gua ,indians1 cut (f ! diseas$ memb]s ( a corpse1 9 ! belief t if !y did n d s ! p]son w\ld suff] f ! same disease at 8 next re9c>nation4 ,see ,*>les ,p>tridge1 ,cross ,riv] ,natives 7,london1 #aije71 pp4 #bch sq4 #adb4a ,*>les ,a4 ,%]r+1 ,we/]n ,tibet & ! ,briti% ,bord]l& 7,london1 #aijf71 pp4 #abg-acb4 #adb4b ,lieut5ant ,h]old1 8,b]i*t betreff5d religise ,ans*auung5 und ,gebru*e d] deuts*5 ,ewe-,neg]10 ,mitteilung5 von ,=s*ungsreis5d5 und ,gelehrt5 aus d5 deuts*5 ,s*utzgebiet51 v4 ,heft #d 7,b]l91 #ahib71 p4 #aee2 ,h4 ,klose1 ,togo unt] deuts*] ,flagge 7,b]l91 #ahii71 p4 #bgd4 #adc4a ,franz ,boas1 9 ,six? ,report on ! ,nor?-,we/]n ,tribes ( ,canada1 p4 #ib 7,report ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,le$s1 #ahij1 sep>ate repr9t74 #adc4b ,franz ,boas1 9 ,t5? ,report on ! ,nor?-,we/]n ,tribes ( ,canada1 p4 #de 7,report ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,ipswi*1 #ahie1 sep>ate repr9t74 #add4a ,franz ,boas1 9 ,six? ,report on ! ,nor?-,we/]n ,tribes ( ,canada1 pp4 #bc sq4 7,report ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,le$s1 #ahij1 sep>ate repr9t74 #add4b ,franz ,boas1 9 ,sev5? ,report on ! ,nor?-,we/]n ,tribes ( ,canada1 p4 #ac 7,report ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,c>diff1 #ahia1 sep>ate repr9t74 #ade4a ,james ,teit1 8,! ,?ompson ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia10 pp4 #ccb sq4 7,! ,jesup ,nor? ,pacific ,exp$ition1 ,memoir ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,april1 #aijj74 #adf4a ,james ,teit1 8,! ,lillooet ,indians0 7,leyd5 & ,new ,york1 #aijf71 p4 #bga 7,! ,jesup ,nor? ,pacific ,exp$ition1 ,memoir ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory74 #adg4a ,franz ,boas1 9 ,fif? ,report on ! ,nor?-,we/]n ,tribes ( ,canada1 pp4 #dc sq4 7,report ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 #ahhi1 sep>ate repr9t74 #adh4a ,fa!r ,guis 7de la ,congrgation du ,sacr-,cur d',iss\dun1 ,missionnaire en ,n\velle-,gu9e71 8,les ,canaques1 mort-deuil10 ,les ,missions ca?oliques1 xxxiv4 7,lyons1 #aijb7 pp4 #bjh sq4 #adi4a ,else:]e ,i h illu/rat$ ! fe> ( ! dead z x is display$ 9 fun]al cu/oms 78,on c]ta9 ,burial ,cu/oms z illu/rative ( ! ,primitive ,!ory ( ! ,s\l10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xv4 7#ahhf7 pp4 #fd sqq474 #aej4a ,j4 ,j4 ,m4 de ,groot1 ,! ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ,*9a1 iv4 7,leyd51 #aija7 pp4 #dcf sqq41 especially pp4 #dej1 #dfd4 #aej4b ,j4 ,j4 ,m4 de ,groot1 ,! ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ,*9a1 iv4 #dej sq4 #aea4a ,j4 ,j4 ,m4 de ,groot1 ,! ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ,*9a1 iv4 #deg-dfj4 #aea4b ,! ,greek orator ,antiphon obs]ves t ! pres5ce ( a homicide pollutes ! :ole city & br+s ! curse ( b>r5ness on ! l& 7,antiphon1 ed4 ,f4 ,blass1 ,leipsic1 #ahga1 pp4 #ac1 #ae1 #cj74 ,see fur!r ,l4 ,r4 ,f>nell1 ,! ,evolution ( ,religion 7,london1 #aije71 pp4 #aci sqq4 ,*apt] ,,vi ,notes #aef4a ,lucian1 ,h]motimus1 #fd1 1 1 1 3 id41 ,de domo1 #ah1 4 ,! ,scope ( ,social ,an?ropology ,notes #aff4a ,?is happ5$ at ,ballyvadlea1 9 ! c\nty ( ,tipp]>y1 9 ,m>* #ahie4 ,= details ( ! evid5ce giv5 at ! trial ( ! murd]]s1 see 8,! #8,wit*-burn+' at ,clonmel10 ,folk-lore1 vi4 7#ahie7 pp4 #cgc-chd4 #aff4b ,?is happ5$ at ,norwi* 9 ,june #aijb4 ,see ,! ,p's ,weekly ,j\rnal = ,norfolk1 ,july #ai1 #aijb1 p4 #h4 #afg4a ,i say 8an enlight5$ m9ority10 because 9 any l>ge community !re are always _m m9orities1 & "s ( !m are v f> f enlight5$4 ,x is possible to be bel[ z well z above ! av]age level ( our fell[s4 #agj4a ,e4 ,r5an et ,m4 ,b]!lot1 ,correspondance 7,p>is1 #ahih71 pp4 #ge sq4 #agc4a ,j4 ,boswell1 ,life ( ,samuel ,johnson#i 7,london1 #ahbb71 iv4 #cae4 #agd4a 8,9 b\ndless oceans1 nev] to be pass$ ,by navigators un9=m'd z !y1 ,or pl\gh'd p]haps by ,briti% b>k aga940 ,! ,task1 book i4 #fbi sqq4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,page numb]s are giv5 9 curly brackets4 ,pla9 text v]sion only3 endnote m>k]s & sid5otes are giv5 9 squ>e brackets1 ) ! latt] prefix$ ) 8,sid5ote304 ,m9or spell+ inconsi/5cies 7e4g4 blood-cov5ant_/blood cov5ant1 *ildb$_/*ild-b$1 etc47 are pres]v$4 ,alt]ations to ! text3 ,conv]t footnotes to endnotes1 relabel note m>k]s 7app5d ! orig9al note numb] to ! page numb]71 & add a correspond+ entry to ! ,,toc4 ,*apt] ,,iv ,*ange 8,! ,blu- u ,kayans1 ano!r tribe 9 ! int]ior ( ,borneo0 to ,blu-u4 7#8,give me1' said ,cairbre's druid1 t ,corc !re'''7 add left s+le quotation m>k be=e t4 ,*apt] ,v 7,9 ,*9a respect = human life 9 en=c$ by fe> ( gho/s47 to is4 ,endnotes ,fix a few miss+ p]iods4 7p4 #df1 note #c7 8,tijds*rift van het ,n$]l&s* ,aa>drijkskundig0 to ,a>drijkskundig4 ,end ( text