,,! ,,gunsmi?',s ,,manual2 ,a ,,complete ,,h&book ,,= ,,! ,,am]ican ,,gunsmi?1 ,,be+ ,a ,,practical ,,guide ,,to ,,all ,,bran*es ,,( ,,! ,,trade4 ,by ,j4 ,p4 ,,/elle & ,,wm4 ,b4 ,,h>rison4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahhc1 ,by ,,jesse ,,haney ,,co41 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton4 ,,index4 ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,gun #i ,discov]y ( ,gunp[d] #i ,! ,fir/ ,fire ,arms #i ,e>lie/ ,h& ,guns #aj ,prejudice ,aga9/ ,fire ,arms #aj ,! ,fir/ ,rifle #aa ,! ,arquebus #aa ,! ,mat* ,lock #ab ,musket1 ,petronel #ac ,! ,:eel ,lock #ac ,! ,pi/ol #ad ,! ,snaphaunce #ad ,! ,fl9t ,lock #ae ,important ,improvem5ts #ae ,advance ( ! ,rifle #af ,! ,p]cussion ,lock #af ,! ,bree* ,load] #ah ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,h[ ,,guns ,,are ,,made #bb ,gunsmi?1 ,gunmak] #bb ,gun ,b>rels1 ,be/ ,mat]ials = #bc ,on ,mak+ ,gun ,b>rels #bd ,f9i%+ & ,prov+ #be ,action1 ,/ock & ,f9al ,f9i% #bf ,on ,mak+ ! ,rifle #bg ,pla9 ,/eel ,b>rel ,guns #bg ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,guns ,,n[ ,,9 ,,use #bi ,gun ,def9$ #bi ,! ,old ,fl9t ,lock ,gun #bi ,! ,p]cussion ,lock ,gun #ca ,on ! ,muzzle ,load]s #cc ,! ,bree* ,load]s #cd ,v>iety ( ,bree* ,load]s #cf ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pi/ols ,,n[ ,,9 ,,use #cg ,old ,/yle ,pi/ols #cg ,! ,d]r+] #ch ,! ,pepp] ,box #ch ,old ,colt's ,revolv] #ch ,%>p's ,f\r-%oot] #ci ,! ,bree* ,load+ ,c>tridge ,pi/ols #ci ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,on ,,g5]al ,,gunsmi?+ #da ,! ,gunsmi? & 8 ,trade #da ,fitt+ up a ,%op #da ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,tak+ ,,ap>t1 ,,clean+ ,,& ,,putt+ ,,guns ,,toge!r #dc ,to ,take ! ,gun ,ap>t #dc ,to ,clean ! ,gun ,:5 ,ap>t #dd ,to ,put ! ,gun ,toge!r #de ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,tools ,,requir$ ,,= ,,"w1 ,,_! ,,co/1 ,,etc4 #dg ,! ,alcohol ,lamp #dg ,! ,alcohol ,lamp1 ,self-bl[+ #dg ,anvil #dh ,b>rel ,planes #dh ,bevel #di ,bevel+ ,clamp #di ,blacksmi?'s ,tongs #ej ,bl[ ,pipe #ej ,bree*+ ,taps #ea ,calip]s & ,divid]s #ea ,*isels #ea ,cutt+ ,pli]s #ea ,drill ,/ock #ea ,tile ,cord #eb ,tilt+ ,squ>e #eb ,floats #eb ,=ge #ec ,glue ,pot #ec ,g\ges #ec ,gr9d ,/one #ed ,hack ,saw #ed ,hamm]s #ed ,h&les #ee ,h& ,%e>s #ee ,h& ,vice #ee ,iron ,clamps #ee ,ma9spr+ ,vise #ef ,m>k+ ,gauge #eg ,screw-cutt+ ,tools #eg ,screw ,wr5* #eg ,sold]+ ,copp] #eg ,screw-,driv]s #eg ,pli]s #eh ,w+ ,divid]s #eh ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,tools1 ,,etc41 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m #ei ,! ,alcohol ,lamp #ei ,a ,self-bl[+ ,lamp #fa ,bree* ,wr5*es #fc ,! ,bit ,/ock #fd ,bottom+ ,tools #fe ,*equ]+ ,tools #ff ,nipple ,wr5*es #fg ,portable ,=ge #fg ,vice ,app5dages #fi ,%anks ( ,tools #gb ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,"w ,,b5* #gd ,mat]ial = ! ,"w ,b5* #gd ,h[ to ,make ! ,"w ,b5* #ge ,putt+ ! ,vise 9 ,place #gf ,place = ,draw] #gf ,! ,gun ,brace #gf ,h[ to ,dead5 ! ,noise ( ,hamm]+ #gg ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,on ,,work+ ,,9 ,,iron #gi ,h& ,=g+ #gi ,weld+ #gi ,h>d5+ ,iron by ,hamm]+ #hj ,case-h>d5+ #ha ,a ,good ,way to ,case-h>d5 #hb ,mat]ial = ,case-h>d5+ #hd ,ano!r ,way to ,case-h>d5 #he ,ano!r ,=mula = ,case-h>d5+ #hf ,/ill ,ano!r ,=mula #hg ,to ,*ill ,ca/ ,iron #hg ,ano!r ,mode #hg ,to ,s(t5 ,wr\ght ,iron #hg ,alloy = ,fill+ ,holes 9 ,iron #hg ,to ,h>d5 ,iron = ,poli%+ #hh ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,on ,,work+ ,,9 ,,/eel #hi ,h& ,=g+ ,/eel #hi ,weld+ ,/eel #hi ,temp]+ #ia ,to ,re/ore ,burnt ,/eel #ic ,anneal+ ,/eel #id ,to ,blue ,/eel #id ,to ,remove ,blue ,color ,f ,/eel #id ,temp]+ ,knife ,blades #ie ,! ,lead ,ba? = ,temp]+ #if ,te/ = ,good ,/eel #ig ,et*+ on ,/eel #ig ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,on ,,work+ ,,9 ,,silv]1 ,,copp] ,,& ,,brass #ii ,to ,=ge ,silv] #ii ,to ,poli% ,silv] #ii ,light ,plate = ,copp] or ,brass #ii ,to ,clean ,silv] #ajj ,to ,"w ,copp] #ajj ,to ,"w ,brass #aja ,to ,ca/ ,brass #aja ,to ,brass ,iron #ajb ,to ,clean ,brass #ajb ,to ,sold] ,brass #ajb ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,on ,,work+ ,,9 ,,wood #ajd ,! ,woods ,mo/ 9 ,use #ajd ,wood = ,gun ,/ocks #aje ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,on ,,gun ,,/ocks #ajh ,=m ( ,gun ,/ocks #ajh ,dim5sions = ,s+le ,gun #aaa ,dim5sions = ,d\ble ,gun #aaa ,lay+ ,out ,gun ,/ocks #aaa ,h[ to ,/ock a ,gun #aad ,! ,fir/ ,op]ation 9 ,/ock+ #aad ,sett+ 9 ! ,b>rels #aae ,measure = ! ,/ock #aaf ,! ,butt #aaf ,sett+ 9 ! ,locks #aaf ,sett+ 9 ! ,trigg] ,plate #aag ,sett+ 9 ! ,trigg]s #aag ,secure ,fa/5+s #aah ,fitt+ ,bolt ,loops #aah ,h9ts = ,f9i%+ #aai ,fitt+ ! ,break-(f #aai ,to ,let 9 ,escut*eons #abj ,h[ to ,ca/ ,tips on ,=e ,end ( ,/ock #abj ,*equ]+ #abb ,color+ ,gun ,/ocks #abb ,to ,/a9 a ,maple ,/ock #abc ,ano!r ,me?od #abc ,to ,color a ,maple ,/ock ,br[n #abc ,to ,color a ,r$di% ,br[n #abc ,to ,color ,black #abd ,rosewood ,/a9 #abd ,black ,walnut ,/a9 #abd ,mahogany ,/a9 #abe ,*]ry ,/a9 #abe ,oil ,f9i% = ,gun ,/ocks #abe ,v>ni%+ & ,f9i%+ #abf ,! ,v>ni% = ,gun ,/ocks #abg ,! ,v>ni% ,c #abh ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,on ,,gun ,,b>rels #abi ,long & ,%ort ,b>rels #abi ,pro( ( ,b>rels #aca ,pro( ,m>ks on ,b>rels #acc ,gauge ( ,guns #ace ,bur/+ ( ,b>rels #ach ,to ,prev5t ,b>rels f ,ru/+ #ach ,protection f ,ru/ #ach ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,on ,,"w ,,on ,,gun ,,b>rels #adj ,bor+ ,gun ,b>rels #adj ,h[ to ,make ,cutt]s = ,bor+ #ada ,quick ,bor+ ,gun ,b>rels #ada ,prov+ ! ,size ,dur+ ,bor+ #adb ,draw ,bor+ #adb ,*oke ,bor+ #adc ,*oke ,dress+ #add ,b>rels ,mo/ ,suitable = ,*oke ,bor+ #ade ,free+ ,gun ,b>rels #ade ,ano!r ,me?od #adf ,f9i%+ ,muzzles ( ,gun ,b>rels #adg ,old ,me?od ( ,/raight5+ ,b>rels #adh ,! ,new ,me?od #adh ,ano!r ,me?od #aec ,fitt+ ,b>rels ,toge!r #aec ,jo9+ ,b>rels ,toge!r #aef ,sold]+ ,b>rels ,toge!r #aeg ,:y ,n ,brase ,b>rels #aeh ,p]cussion+ #aei ,f9i%+ ,nipple ,seat #afa ,! ,v5t 9 ,p]cussion ,guns #afb ,! ,pat5t ,bree* #afc ,=m ( ! ,*amb] or ,cup #afd ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,tools ,,= ,,bree*+ ,,guns #afe ,bree*+ ,ream]s #afe ,bree*+ ,taps #aff ,bree* ,p9 ,=m]s #afi ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,tools ,,= ,,*amb]+ ,,bree* ,,load+ ,,b>rels #agj ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,on ,,gun ,,ribs #agc ,h[ to ,/raight5 a ,rib #agc ,h[ to ,fit a ,rib #agd ,h[ to ,fit a ,rib to an ,octagon ,b>rel #agd ,h[ to ,sold] on a ,rib #agd ,h[ to ,re-sold] ,ribs #agf ,height ( ,ribs #agh ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,on ,,?imbles #ahj ,h[ to ,make ,?imbles #ahj ,h[ to ,put ,?imbles on ,b>rels #aha ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,on ,,rifl+ ,,guns #ahc ,importance ( ,rifl+ #ahc ,u4 ,s4 ,rifl+ ,ma*9es #ahd ,old ,fa%ion$ ,rifl+ ,ma*9es #ahf ,ga9 ,twi/ ,rifl+ ,ma*9es #ahh ,re-rifl+ #ahh ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,on ,,gun ,,locks #aij ,quality ( ,locks #aij ,! ,back ,action ,lock #aia ,! ,b> ,lock #aia ,side ,action ,lock #aib ,! ,wesley ,b> ,lock #aic ,! ,c5tral ,lock #aic ,clean+ ,locks1 etc4 #aid ,h[ to ,take ,d[n a ,lock #aie ,to ,clean & ,oil ! ,lock #aif ,h[ to ,put up a ,lock #aig ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,on ,,fitt+ ,,gun ,,hamm]s #aii ,to ,fit a ,hamm] on a ,tumbl] #aii ,! ,drift = ,squ>+ ! ,hole #bjj ,a ,tool = ,fitt+ ,hamm]s #bjb ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,on ,,nipples ,,or ,,cones #bje ,=ms ( ,nipples #bje ,nipples = ,bree* ,load+ ,arms #bjf ,nipples ) ,flat ,tops #bjf ,! ,am]ican ,musket ,nipple #bjg ,nipples ,us$ 9 ,sport+ ,guns #bjh ,prep>+ ,nipples = ,guns #bjh ,rem$y = ,bad ,nipples #bji ,pi/ol ,nipples #bji ,plugs = ,nipples #bji ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,on ,,spr+s #bab ,ma9 ,spr+s #bab ,se> ,spr+s #bab ,h[ to ,=ge ,ma9 ,spr+s #bac ,h[ to ,temp] ,ma9 ,spr+s #bad ,*eap ,spr+s = ,revolv]s #bae ,coil+ ,wire = ,spr+s1 etc4 #baf ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,on ,,rods #bbj ,h[ to ,make ,ram ,rods #bbj ,h[ to ,make ,wip+ ,rods #bbb ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,on ,,bullet ,,m\lds #bbd ,jo9ts = ,bullet ,m\lds #bbd ,h[ to ,make a ,ball ,*]ry #bbg ,temp]+ ,ball ,*]ries #bcb ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,screw ,,mak+ ,,tools #bcc ,h[ to ,make ,screw ,tools #bcc ,h[ to ,make ,small ,taps #bce ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,nom5clature #bch ,nom5clature ( ! ,gun ,/ock #bch ,nom5clature ( ! ,gun ,lock #bci ,nom5clature ( ! ,hamm] #bdj ,nom5clature ( ! ,lock ,plate #bdj ,nom5clature ( ! ,tumbl] #bda ,nom5clature ( ! ,bridle #bda ,nom5clature ( ! ,ma9 ,spr+ #bda ,nom5clature ( ! ,se> #bda ,nom5clature ( ! ,se> ,spr+ #bda ,nom5clature ( ! ,swivel #bdb ,nom5clature ( ! ,bree* ,p9 #bdb ,nom5clature ( ! ,screws #bdb ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,on ,,br[n+ #bdc ,objects ( ,br[n+ #bdc ,prep>atory ,process #bdc ,! ,process ( ,br[n+ #bde ,br[n+ ,damascus ,b>rels #bde ,br[n+ ,belgian ,damascus ,b>rels #bde ,br[n+ ,inf]ior ,b>rels #bdf ,pla9 ,weld$ ,b>rels ,made to ,resemble ,twi/ #bdg ,smoke ,/a9+ #bdg ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,recipes ,,= ,,br[n+ #bdi ,?irte5 ,recipes = ,pla9 ,b>rels #bdi ,f\r ,recipes = ,twi/ ,b>rels #beb ,to ,blue ,gun ,b>rels #beb ,br[n ,t9t = ,iron or ,/eel #bec ,transp>5t ,blue = ,iron or ,/eel #bec ,v>ni% = ,br[n$ ,b>rels1 ,?ree ,recipes #bec ,f9i% = ,br[n$ ,b>rels #bed ,to ,remove ,old ,br[n+ #bed ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,miscellane\s #bee ,%ellac & ,its ,uses #bee ,h[ to ,make ,%ellac ,v>ni% #bee ,h[ to ,conceal ,bad ,places 9 ,wood #bef ,ano!r ,me?od #bef ,em]y ,clo? & ,em]y ,pap] #bef ,uses ( ! ,alcohol ,lamp #beg ,h[ to ,make ,small ,spr+s #beg ,h[ to ,make ,small ,drills #beh ,advantages ( ! ,alcohol ,lamp #beh ,! ,sold]+ ,copp] #beh ,h[ to ,heat ! ,copp] #beh ,h[ to ,t9 ! ,copp] #bei ,to ,prev5t ,gun ,b>rels f ,glimm]+ #bei ,repair+ ,%ot ,*>g]s #bfj ,brok5 ,plung] ,nipples #bfa ,h[ to ,remove ,ru/$ ,screws1 ,nipples1 etc4 #bfa ,pat5t ,bree*1 ,bur/$ #bfc ,brok5 ,tumbl]s #bfd ,describ+ ,l9es on ,bright ,surfaces #bfd ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,on ,,p[d] ,,& ,,%ot #bfg ,comp>ative ,sizes ( ,%ot #bgj ,s(t ,%ot ,pellets to ,ounce #bfi ,*ill$ ,%ot ,pellets to ,ounce #bgj ,comp>ative ,sizes ( ,balls #bgb ,colt's ,pi/ol ,sizes #bgb ,comp>ative ,sizes ( ,gunp[d] #bgc ,to ,select ,buck ,%ot #bfg ,weigh+ ,bullets1 ,p[d]1 etc4 #bfg ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,miscellane\s ,,recipes #bgd ,s(t ,sold]+ #bgd ,good ,s(t ,sold] #bgd ,sold]+ ,fluid #bge ,braz+ #bge ,to ,brase ,lugs on ,b>rels #bge ,h>d ,sold]+ #bge ,h>d ,sold]s1 ,?ree ,=mulas #bgf ,alloy = ,adh]+ to ,iron or ,/eel #bgf ,gun ,oil #bgf ,gunsmi?s' ,glue #bgg ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,,on ,,judg+ ,,! ,,quality ,,( ,,guns #bgh ,! ,muzzle ,load+ ,%ot ,gun #bgi ,! ,muzzle ,load+ ,rifle #bgi ,! ,bree* ,load+ ,%ot ,gun #bhc ,! ,bree* ,load+ ,rifle #bhi ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,rifle #bib ,! ,old ,k5tucky ,rifle #bib ,g5]al ,directions #bid ,(f-,h& ,%oot+ #bif ,re/ ,%oot+ #bii ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,%ot ,,gun #cjb ,born ,%oot]s #cjb ,h[ to ,%oot #cjd ,brew/] on ! ,use ( ,two ,eyes #cjf ,d\gall's ,reason+ #cjg ,gloan on ,tak+ ,aim #caj ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,pi/ol #cac ,natural ,tal5t #cac ,tak+ ,aim #cad ,cane ,aim+ #cae ,! ,be/ ,pi/ols to ,use #caf ,,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,,vocabul>y ,,( ,,me*anical ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,by ,,gun ,,mak]s #cah ,,*apt] ,,xl4 ,,vocabul>y ,,( ,,*emicals ,,& ,,sub/ances ,,us$ ,,9 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,etc4 #ccd ,,*apt] ,,xli4 ,,calibres ,,( ,,guns1 ,,rifl+1 ,,twi/ ,,( ,,rifl+1 ,,etc4 #cdb ,european ,guns #cdb ,am]ican ,guns #cdc ,pi/ols #cdd ,,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,,directions ,,= ,,tak+ ,,ap>t ,,& ,,assembl+ ,,guns1 ,,rifles ,,& ,,pi/ols #cdf ,rifles #cdf ,! ,ball>d ,rifle #cdf ,! ,burgess ,sy/em #cdf ,burnside's ,rifle #cdg ,! ,evans ,rifle #cdh ,hot*kiss ,repeat] #cdi ,h[>d's 8,?und]bolt0 #cej ,! ,k5n$y ,magaz9e ,rifle #cej ,m>t9 ,repeat+ ,rifle #cea ,! ,mayn>d ,rifle #cea ,peabody ,m>t9i ,rifle #cec ,! ,phnix #ced ,! ,rem+ton ,sy/em #cee ,rem+ton ,magaz9e ,gun 7,ke5e's ,pat5t7 #ceg ,rem+ton ,no4 #c 7,hepburn's ,pat5t7 #ceh ,%>p's ,rifle #ceh ,unit$ ,/ates ,muzzle-,load+ ,rifle & ,musket #cfj ,spr+field ,bree*-,load+ ,rifle #cfa ,:itney ,bree*-,load+ ,gun #cfb ,:itney ,new ,sy/em ,bree*-,load+ ,gun #cfd ,w9*e/] ,magaz9e ,gun #cfe ,bill+s' ,bree*-,load+ ,%ot ,gun #cff ,fox ,bree* ,load+ ,%ot ,gun #cfg ,lefev] ,hamm]less ,gun #cfh ,p>k] ,d\ble-,b>rel$ ,bree*-,load+ ,%ot ,gun #cfi ,rem+ton ,d\ble-,b>rel$ ,bree*-,load+ ,%ot ,gun #cfi ,rop] ,f\r-,%oot+ ,%ot ,gun & ,rifle #cgj ,,! ,,gunsmi?',s ,,manual4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,gun4 ,discov]y ( ,gunp[d]4--,no au!ntic records h be5 left to %[ :5 or by :om 0 discov]$ ! wond]ful prop]ties ( ! *emical comp\nd n[ kn[n z gunp[d]2 nor h we any in=mation conc]n+ ! uses to :i* x 0 orig9ally appli$4 ,!re is little probability t x 0 at once employ$ z an ag5t 9 fire-arms2 inde$1 we h pretty /rong evid5ce to %[ t x 0 n1 = ,rog] ,bacon ref]s to x 9 8 fam\s treatise1 ,de ,nullitate ,magi1 publi%$ ,a4 ,d41 #abaf1 :ile fire-arms are m5tion$ by no writ] z hav+ be5 kn[n e>li] ?an ab\t #acch4 ,! ,fir/ ,fire-,arms4--,! fir/ fire-arms1 or guns1 z we n[ call !m1 are said to h be5 rude cannon1 =m$ by b&+ toge!r flat iron b>s1 some?+ on ! plan ( our wood5 casks or b>rels ( to-day4 ,^! guns 7 fir$ ) a 8sl[ mat*10 ! gunn]s retir+ to a safe di/ance :ile ! mat* 0 burn+ to ! prim+4 ,_! e>lie/ use 0 z eng9es ( w>4 ,! writ]s ( anci5t hi/ory tell u t !y 7 s employ$ by ! ,moors at ! not$ siege ( ,algesiras1 ,spa91 9 #acda1 & at ! battle ( ,calais1 9 #acdf4 ,at ! latt] battle1 ,edw>d ,,iii is cr$it$ ) hav+ _h f\r pieces1 :i* made him victori\s4 ,e>lie/ ,h&-,guns4--,x is claim$ by ,spani% hi/orians t to ,spa9 belongs ! honor ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ p[] to furni% h] soldi]s ) fire-arms s small t !y c\ld be transport$ by a s+le p]son4 ,!y 7 unwieldy affairs at ! beg9n+1 h[ev]2 really small cannon la%$ ^u wood5 scantl+s4 ,! soldi] c\ld n fire 8 piece (f-h&1 b 0 =c$ to c>ry a 8re/0 ) him :]ev] he w5t4 ,be+ ready to dis*>ge 8 arm he balanc$ x ^u ! re/1 /eadi$ x by hold+ ! scantl+ "u 8 arm1 & !n 8t\*$ x (f0 ) a live coal ( fire1 :ile he sight$ along ! b>rel to take aim at 8 object4 ,:at happ5$ imm$iately aft] ! coal came 9 contact ) ! p[d] ! hi/orian sai? n1 b a mod]n writ]1 :o has be5 exam9+ "o ( ^! old guns 9 a museum1 jumps to ! conclusion t ! soldi]1 ) ! scantl+ "u 8 arm1 mu/ h be5 laun*$ sudd5ly into an impressive dream ( fir/-class e>?quakes1 or some?+ else 8l unto ! comb9$ kick+ ( ab\t fifty mules40 ,prejudice ,aga9/ ,fire-,arms4--,= ab\t two c5turies aft] ! inv5tion ( h& fire-arms !y 7 s ineffici5t t ! cross-b[1 !n 9 g5]al use1 0 able to q successfully hold its own aga9/ !m4 ,x 0 n until #aeif t ,que5 ,elizabe?1 by a proclamation1 direct$ t cross & o!r b[s us$ 9 ! army %\ld be disc>d$ entirely 9 favor ( muskets4 ,& !reat !re arose mu* murmur+ ( dissatisfaction ?r\gh\t ! ,engli% ,empire1 accord+ to ,mi*ael ,montaigne1 a mo/ prom95t man ( 8 "t1 :o n>rates ! fact1 & adds3 8,except ! noise 9 our e>s1 to :i* we w be h5ce=? accu/om$1 ,i ?9k ! fire-arm is "o ( v little effect1 & ,i hope t we %all "o day give up its use40 ,c\ld he return to e>? at ?is age1 & see ! wond]ful fire arms t h develop$ f ! humble beg9n+ ( :i* he 0 !n treat+1 he w\ld spe$ily lose 8 hope to ! effect t "o day its use w\ld be entirely giv5 up4 ,! ,fir/ ,rifle4--,! fir/ rifle is said to h be5 made ab\t ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 by "o ,gasp>d ,zolln]1 ( ,vi5na4 ,x 0 a simple b>rel ) /raight grooves2 ! only object ( ! grooves be+ to prev5t its becom+ s 8dirty0 f cont9u$ use1 z did ! smoo?-bore4 ,spiral groov+ does n seem to h be5 ?\ght ( until _m ye>s lat]4 ,! ,arquebus4--,! e>lie/ not$ improvem5t 9 ! h&-gun1 mak+ x light] & giv+ x a long] b>rel1 0 call$ ! arquebus2 b ev5 ?is 0 s heavy t a 8re/0 0 necess>y :ile dis*>g+ x4 ,?is re/ 0 a s+le /aff arm$ ) a /eel po9t :i* w5t into ! gr\nd l ! ,jacob-/aff ( a surveyor1 b :i* fitt$ x = use z a pike :5 n employ$ 9 connection ) ! gun4 ,x 0 call$ ! s*we9e f$]1 :i* r5d]$ into ,engli% means ! 8hog's bri/le40 ,! arquebus 0 a regul> 8mat*-gun20 t is1 x _h a 8pan0 or receptacle at ! side ( ! bree* = ! prim+ p[d]1 :i* communicat$ ) ! int]ior ( ! b>rel by a small p]=ation call$ ! 8t\*-hole40 ,! prim+ 0 light$ by a mat*1 :i* consi/$ ( a coil ( small rope saturat$ ) "s k9d ( *emical1 :i* caus$ x to burn readily & hold fire = a long "t4 ,! soldi] us+ ! arquebus c>ri$ ! mat* 9 8 h& & kept x burn+ dur+ an action4 ,! mann] ( sett+ (f ! piece 0 ab\t ! same z ) ! live coal--he secur$ 8 sight & !n t\*$ ! prim+ ) 8 light$ mat*4 ,! ,mat* ,lock4--,lat]1 ! s]p5t-mat* 0 inv5t$ & look$ ^u z a />tl+ improvem5t4 ,x 0 a simple ,s-%ap$ piece ( iron or wire h+$ to ! side ( ! gun j back ( ! prim+ pan4 ,! upp] end 0 provid$ ) a beak :i* gripp$ ! light$ fuse1 :ile ! l[] end play$ ! "p ( a mod]n trigg]4 ,) ?is contrivance ! gunn] _h only to take sight & !n pull ) 8 f+] ^u ! l[] end ( ! ,s until ! light$ fuse 0 br\ght d[n into ! prim+4 ,aft] _m ye>s ( use an improvem5t 0 made ^u ! ,s1 consi/+ ( a small spr+ :i* ?rew x back into an erect position s soon z ! pressure ^u ! l[] end 0 discont9u$4 ,! p[d] employ$ ) ! old arquebus 0 ( two grades z to size ( gra92 a co>se grade = ! *>ge1 & a f9e grade = ! prim+4 ,its *emical composition does n seem to h diff]$ mat]ially f t ( our mod]n gunp[d]4 ,! s]p5t mat*1 s call$ because ! upp] end hold+ ! fuse 0 (t5 %ap$ to repres5t ! head ( a s]p5t1 0 ! fir/ actual /ep tak5 t[>ds a gun-lock4 ,x 0 ?\ght to be p]fection itself1 especially aft] ! return+ spr+ _h be5 add$1 & s /rong a hold did x take ^u all nations t only a few ye>s has elaps$ s9ce x 0 :olly ab&on$ 9 "s ( ! mo/ b5ight$ regions1 z 9 ,*9a1 = in/ance1 :]e x is kn[n to h be5 us$ 9 ! army at a date z late z #ahfj4 ,musket-,petronel4--,next 9 ord] to ! arquebus came ! musket1 a ,spani% inv5tion4 ,x 0 heavi] ?an its pr$ecessor1 & c>ri$ a *>ge twice z l>ge4 ,almo/ simultane\sly ) ?is appe>$ ! fir/ cavalry fire-arm1 :i* 0 call$ ! petronel4 ,x 0 %ort] ?an ! musket & l>g] 9 bore2 ! horseman re/$ its bree* aga9/ 8 brea/ & communicat$ ! fire by means ( ! s]p5t mat*4 ,! ,:eel-,lock4--,9 #aeag ! ,g]mans a/oni%$ ! _w by inv5t+ & br++ into use ! 8:eel-lock10 :i* 0 a regul> gun-lock1 entirely do+ away ) ! light$ mat*4 ,x consi/$ ( a small disk ( /eel flut$ on ! edges1 set 9 close contact ) ! prim+ pan1 & made to revolve ) great rapidity by means ( a spiral spr+ arrang$ some:at on ! plan ( ! spr+ ( a spr+-clock4 ,9 contact ) its flut$ edge1 & held !re by a spr+1 0 arrang$ a %>p fl9t2 h5ce :5 ! /eel disk 0 set 9 motion a tra9 ( sp>ks 0 ?r[n (f z x revolv$ ov] ! edge ( fl9t4 ,^! sp>ks fell into ! prim+ pan & ignit$ ! p[d]1 dis*>g+ ! piece4 ,! spr+ 0 w\nd up l w9d+ a clock or wat*1 & a slight pressure ^u a trigg] "u ! bree* set ! :eel 9 motion4 ,! pressure 0 cont9u$ until ! gun 0 dis*>g$1 :5 x 0 discont9u$1 ! result ( :i* 0 an imm$iate /opp+ ( ! :eel4 ,a s+le w9d+ w\ld usually dis*>ge ! gun ab\t half a doz5 times4 ,! ,pi/ol4--,! :eel-lock w5t into q g5]al use1 f9ally lead+ to ! inv5tion ( ! pi/ol1 ab\t #aedd4 ,! fir/ pi/ols 7 s+le b>rel1 & v %ort4 ,! /ock 0 heavy1 & ! bree* or h&le1 in/ead ( leav+ ! b>rel ) a curve1 z 9 lat] days1 dropp$ at "r angles to ! iron4 ,x 0 put into use z a cavalry arm1 fir/ by ! ,g]mans & aft]w>ds by ! p ( _m o!r nations4 ,9 #afjg ! ,g]man horse soldi]s 7 all regul>ly arm$ ) d\ble-b>rel :eel-lock pi/ols4 ,! ,snaphaunce4--,aft] ! date j m5tion$ modifications & improvem5ts 9 fire-arms 7 rapid & con/ant4 ,! :eel-lock 0 f9ally foll[$ by ! 8snaphaunce10 :i* 0 a /raight piece ( furr[$ /eel br\ght to be> ^u ! fl9t in/ead ( ! disk4 ,x 0 m simple 9 its con/ruction ?an ! :eel-lock1 & h5ce less liable to get out ( ord]4 ,( c\rse x work$ 9 ob$i5ce to ! action ( a spr+1 b ! spr+ 0 n a spiral--x 0 m on ! plan ( ! ma9spr+ 9 mod]n gun-locks4 ,! ,fl9t-,lock4--,ab\t #afcj ,spa9 aga9 popp$ to ! surface2 ?is "t ) ! regul> fl9t-lock1 embrac+ precisely ! same me*anism z ! fl9t-lock us$ 9 our ,revolution>y w>1 & famili> to v _m ( ! old] p ( ! pres5t day4 ,its advantages ov] ! :eel-lock & ! snaphaunce 7 s m>k$ t ,france at once adopt$ x = use 9 h] armies1 b ,engl& held back1 cont5d+ t ! :eel-lock 0 ! bett] inv5tion1 till #afij1 :5 %e gave up ! conte/1 & adopt$ ! fl9t-lock4 ,important ,improvem5ts4--,rapidly foll[+ ! inv5tion ( ! fl9t-lock came important improvem5ts 9 ! musket4 ,! /ock 0 light5$ & put into bett] %ape1 & sights 7 inv5t$ & plac$ ^u ! b>rels4 ,up to ?is "t ! soldi] _h be5 =c$ to c>ry 8 ammunition 9 bulk1 b n[ c>tridges 7 br\ght into use1 c>ri$ 9 conv5i5t & neatly made c>tridge-boxes4 ,/eel bayonets to set ov] ! muzzle ( ! gun also appe>$1 ! fir/ 9 #afic4 ,prior to ?is "t a rude k9d ( bayonet _h be5 m or less 9 use--x 0 a sort ( dagg] set into a wood5 h&le1 ! latt] to be ?ru/ into ! muzzle ( ! gun 9 case ( a h&-to-h& *>ge1 :]e load+ & fir+ c\ld n be att5d$ to4 ,iron ramrods took ! place ( ! inconv5i5t & unsafe wood5 ones =m]ly 9 use1 :i* 0 reg>d$ z a long /ride 9 ! effici5cy ( ! musket4 ,) ! old wood5 ramrods1 clumsy & easily brok51 ! load+ ( a musket 0 a sl[ & labori\s task1 b ! iron rod secur$ comp>ative ease & rapidity4 ,advance ( ! ,rifle4--,) ! g5]al improvem5t ( fire-arms ! rifle _h work$ gradually into favor & use4 ,its ma9 drawback1 z an army gun1 laid 9 ! difficulty exp]i5c$ 9 load+ x4 ,b x 0 admirably adapt$ to ! wants ( ! p settl+ ! wilds ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 h5ce !y adopt$ x almo/ to ! entire exclusion ( any o!r k9d ( fire-arm4 ,9 ! armies its use 0 limit$ to a few corps ( %>p-%oot]s1 usually on ! fronti]s :]e x 0 advantage\s to h>ass ! enemy by pick+ (f 8 m5 at long range4 ,engl& seems to h be5 r prejudic$ aga9/ ! rifle until aft] our w> ) h] = ,indep5d5ce4 ,9 t w> %e appe>s to h _h s /rik+ a demon/ration ( its effici5cy t %e soon aft] adopt$ x z a milit>y arm2 & o!r nations1 hav+ fai? 9 h] sup]ior judgm5t1 f9ally foll[$ h] example1 br++ ! rifle rapidly upw>d 9 rank z an effectual implem5t ( w>4 ,! ,p]cussion ,lock4--,9 #ahjg a ,scot* cl]gyman by ! "n ( ,alex&] ,=sy?1 inv5t$ a new me?od ( ignit+ ! *>ge 9 fire-arms1 :i*1 aft] v>i\s *anges & improvem5ts1 settl$ d[n to :at is n[ kn[n z ! p]cussion cap4 ,! p]cussion lock 0 a simultane\s inv5tion1 ( c\rse2 ?\gh x did n diff] mat]ially1 9 po9t ( con/ruction1 f ! old fl9t-lock already 9 use4 ,! ma9 diff]5ce consi/$ 9 ! sub/itution ( a cyl9d] & tube = ! prim+ pan & frizz51 & a hamm] = ! cock4 ,a /rong curr5t ( prejudice set at once aga9/ ! p]cussion lock1 ?\gh nobody c\ld tell :y4 ,all decl>$ x w\ld n d1 b none attempt$ to give a reason = ! fai? t 0 9 !m4 ,z a result ! new inv5tion 0 pretty effectually held 9 ! backgr\nd until #ahcd1 :5 its oppon5ts accept$ a *all5ge = a public te/ ( its m]its aga9/ ^? ( ! fl9t-lock4 ,! te/ ext5d$ to #f1jjj r\nds4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! ! p]cussion lock 7aft]w>ds m commonly kn[n z ! cap-lock71 gave b six miss-fires1 :ile ! fl9t-lock scor$ n9e hundr$ & tw5ty-two misses4 ,?is a/\nd+ defeat at once seal$ ! fate ( ! fl9t-lock2 /ill x 0 a long "t be=e ! prejudice exi/+ aga9/ ! o!r c\ld be entirely remov$4 ,ev5 z f> d[n z ! date ( our ,mexican w>1 ,g5]al ,scott flatly object$ to its use 9 8 army1 & _h 8 m5 arm$ ) ! fl9t-lock1 al?\gh !re 7 !n 9 our ars5als p]cussion-lock muskets en\gh to h arm$ all 8 =ces m ?an twice ov]4 ,b facts are su* /ubborn ?+s t ev5 ! /ronge/ prejudice mu/ give way to !m soon] or lat]4 ,s x prov$ 9 ?is in/ance2 "o by "o ! manufactur]s ( fl9t-lock fire-arms adopt$ ! improvem5ts result+ f ! discov]ies ( ! ,scot* cl]gyman1 until f9ally no m fl9t-locks 7 made1 & ! p]cussion lock 0 9 undisput$ possession ( ! field4 ,! ,bree*-,load]4--,:5 ! p]cussion-lock _h be5 fully adopt$ by ! public1 & all ! 8late/ improvem5ts0 _h be5 add$ to x1 p ?\ght t ! fire-arm _h atta9$ to su* a degree ( p]fection z to preclude any fur!r *ange 9 ! future2 b h[ mi/ak56 ,! fate ( ! p]cussion-lock is n[ z mu* seal$ z 0 t ( ! fl9t-lock at ! te/-trial ( #ahcd4 ,x is go+ ! way ( all its pr$ecessors1 & its entire ext9ction is only a matt] ( "t4 ,! bree*-load]1 ) *>ge & ignition comb9$ 9 ! same c>tridge1 is rapidly tak+ its place1 &1 until "s new & wond]ful discov]y comes to ! surface1 mu/1 und\bt$ly1 /& p>am\nt z ! gun ( ! future4 ,:ile spr++ into g5]al favor at "o leap1 z x 71 ! bree*-load] is no new & sudd5 appe>ance4 ,9 tru? x is ( great antiquity4 ,9 ! ,t[] ( ,london1 ! ,woolwi* ,museum1 & 9 ! ,museum ( ,p>is1 may be se5 hundr$s ( bree*-load]s t 7 made c5turies ago4 ,( c\rse !y 7 n made to use ! p]cussion c>tridge peculi> to _m su* guns ( mod]n make1 nev]!less !y 7 v]itable bree*-load]s1 & ! real sugge/ors1 no d\bt1 ( ! mod]n arm ( t "*4 ,9 ! ,museum ( ,artill]y1 at ,woolwi*1 !re is a bree*-load+ pi]ri]1 or pat]]a1 ( ! "t ( ,edw>d ,,iv4 7#adga74 ,x consi/s ( a direct+ b>rel1 t]m9at+ 9 a squ>e b> or frame ( iron1 & a sep>ate load+ *amb]1 ) h&le1 :i* 0 fa/5$ 9 its place = fir+ by an iron w$ge4 ,!re are also f\nd 9 ! museums _m bree*-load+ pi/ols1 t 7 evid5tly 9 use ab\t cotemporane\s ) ?is gun4 ,! records kept at ,/4 ,eti5ne1 ,france1 %[ t ! ,fr5* mon>*1 ,h5ry ,,ii1 %ot ) a bree*-load+ gun 9 #aedj4 ,& ! ,engli% records %[ t ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/] took out a pat5t 9 t c\ntry = a bree* action on ! 8cut-screw0 pr9ciple 9 #affa4 ,a portion ( ! specification reads z foll[s3 8,an inv5cione to make c]ta9 guns or pi/ols :i* 9 ! t5? "p ( "o m9ute ( an h\r may be re-*>g$2 ! f\r? "p ( "o turne ( ! b>rell1 :i* rema9s /ill fixt1 fa/5+ x z =eceably & effectually z a doz5 %rids ( any screw1 :i*1 9 ! ord9>y & usual way require z _m turnes40 ,!re are sev]al specim5s ( ! bree*-load] made on ?is plan1 n[ 9 ! ,woolwi* ,museum4 ,!re are also o!r specim5s1 on a plan entirely diff]5t1 made at a date b a little m rec5t1 = x seems t !n1 z 9 mod]n days1 "o inv5tion 0 v apt to sugge/ ano!r4 ,?ree ye>s aft] ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/] _h tak5 out 8 pat5t1 "o ,abraham ,hill1 ( ,london1 pat5t$ "s six diff]5t sy/ems ( bree*-load]s4 ,9 8 specification conc]n+ "o ( !m he says3 8,x is a new way ( mak+ a gun or a pi/oll1 ! bree* :]e( rises on a h9dge1 by a contrivance ( a motion "u x1 by :i* x is also let d[n & bolt$ fa/ by "o ( ! same motion40 ,?is1 z w be readily se51 0 rubb+ pretty close ^u ! bree*-load] ( ! pres5t day4 ,s9ce ! dates ( ! pat5ts j ref]r$ to1 ! bree*-load+ fire-arm is kn[n to h be5 9 un9t]rupt$ exi/5ce2 b s /rong 0 ! curr5t turn$ aga9/ x by popul> prejudice1 t x 0 little kn[n to ! p 9 g5]al4 ,a want ( sci5tific tra9+ among ! masses 0 ! cause :i* held x back2 !y 7 unable to cle>ly und]/& all ! :ys & :]e=es connect$ ) its work+s1 &1 !re=e1 reject$ x on ! plea t x 0 dang]\s1 )\t really kn[+ :e!r x 0 or n4 ,great improvem5ts 9 ! bree*-load] n[ succe$$ ea* o!r ) a/oni%+ rapidity up to ! "t :5 ,m4 ,lefau*eux1 ( ,france1 capp$ ! climax by inv5t+ ! c>tridge conta9+ )9 itself ! cap1 or means ( ignit+ ! *>ge4 ,?is made x available z a sport+ gun1 & h5ce promptly set x =w>d into public att5tion2 & f9ally1 aft] a score or s ( improvem5ts1 usually at ! h&s ( ! ,engli%1 into public favor4 ,x is1 at la/1 ! gun ( ! p]iod1 & ! old muzzle-load]1 ) all its good qualities 7& !y 7 c]ta9ly _m71 is rapidly surr5d]+ ! field to ! m successful c&idate1 & retir+ 9 ! foot/eps ( its honor$ pr$ecessors1 ! :eel-lock & ! fl9t-lock4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,h[ ,,guns ,,are ,,made4 ,gunsmi?--,gunmak]4--,! mod]n gunsmi? is n necess>ily a gunmak]1 b r a repair] ( guns t h happ5$ to get out ( ord]4 ,9 e>li] days ! devotees to 8 call+ may1 9 _! little %ops1 h made guns entire1 b n[1 if ! gunsmi? makes !m at all1 t mak+ consi/s 9 m]ely f9i%+ up ! p>ts & putt+ !m toge!r--g5]ally mak+ ! /ock entire4 ,all gun p>ts c n[ be b\ght z 8gunsmi?'s mat]ials10 ei!r f9i%$ or 9 ! r\gh1 z may be desir$4 ,!y are made by a v>iety ( workm51 ! bus9ess ( ea* man be+ to make a s+le "p1 & no?+ m4 ,!re is at pres5t too mu* 9 a good gun to admit ( all be+ made advantage\sly by "o man2 he w\ld ne$ to be a k9d ( 8,jack-(-all-trades10 &1 l ! traditional ,jack1 x is b reasonable to suppose t he w\ld be really fir/-class at none4 ,9 "s ( ! l>ge e/abli%m5ts :]e guns are made all ^! diff]5t workm5 are employ$1 h5ce su* an e/abli%m5t is really a collection ( work]s 9 _m trades4 ,! gunsmi? :o has 8 %op = repair+ purposes1 or = putt+ toge!r mat]ials "u ! "n ( gunmak+1 w n be specially conc]n$ ) ref]5ce to any ( ^! trades2 /ill x is b reasonable to suppose t he w\ld l to "k some?+ ( h[ ! implem5ts1 or p>ts ( implem5ts1 t he w be con/antly h&l+1 7 put up2 &1 besides1 !re w exi/ some?+ ak9 to a necessity = 8 possession ( su* k1 ow+ to ! fact t 8 cu/om]s w (t5 call ^u him to answ] _m a "q z to h[ ?is or t gun 0 made1 etc4 ,) ?is view ( ! case1 x is really necess>y to give a brief outl9e ( gunmak+1 foll[+ ! "w f ! r\gh mat]ial to ! f9al f9i%4 ,gun-,b>rels--,be/ ,mat]ials =4--,! b>rels ( ! f9e/ & be/ guns1 ei!r ,damascus1 or o!r /eel1 or iron1 are =m$1 z made 9 ,europe & ,engl&1 ( scraps ( iron suit$ to ! purpose1 & select$ ) great skill & ! greate/ possible c>e4 ,^! scraps1 :i* are usually b\ght up ab\t ! c\ntry1 are plac$ 9 :at is call$ a 8%ak+ tub0--a vessel :i* is viol5tly %ak5 & rock$ ab\t by ma*9]y or o!rwise 7dep5d+ ^u ! p>ticul> locality7 = ! purpose ( sc\r+ & bright5+ ! scraps4 ,?is done1 !y are c>efully pick$ ov] by adepts1 :o cull out ! unsuitable pieces4 ,s rigid is ! cull+ t x (t5 happ5s t out ( a ton ( sc\r$ scraps n m ?an "o hundr$ p\nds weight ( !m are *os5 z suitable = go+ into ! be/ b>rels4 ,among ! scraps usually ?\ght to be be/ are old *a9s t h be5 us$ = _m ye>s1 ! we> & ru/ ( "t hav+ left only ! be/ elem5ts ( ! iron4 ,! ,damascus /eel1 :i* has atta9$ to s high a reputation1 got x by be+ manufactur$ out ( old coa* spr+s4 ,( c\rse x is n all made ( coa* spr+s n[1 b x 0 9 ye>s ago2 ag5ts !n travel$ all ov] ! c\ntry hunt+ & buy+ !m up1 pay+ a mu* high] price = an old brok5 spr+ ?an a new "o w\ld co/ its own]4 ,on ,mak+ ,gun-,b>rels4--,! select$ scraps to be work$ into gun-b>rel mat]ial are cut into small pieces & ?r[n into a furnace1 :]e !y are expos$ to int5se heat until fus$1 aft] :i* !y are br\ght =? an adh]+ mass & plac$ "u a hamm]1 :i* drives !m toge!r & =ges !m into b>s4 ,! b>s are next roll$ into ?9 plates1 & !n cut into /rips twelve in*es long & six in*es wide4 ,! v be/ guns are made ( a comb9ation ( iron & /eel4 ,bo? mat]ials hav+ be5 roll$ & cut into %eets ( exactly ! same size1 ^! %eets 7"o-f\r? ( an in* ?ick7 are pil$ ^u ea* o!r alt]nately to ! numb] ( ?irty1 & subject$ to a weld+ heat2 !y are !n driv5 toge!r "u a five-ton hamm] into a consolidat$ slab4 ,! slabs s =m$ are next work$ d[n into "o-f\r? in* squ>e rods4 ,! m ! mat]ial is hamm]$ & work$ ! bett] x is4 ,! rods are next twi/$ until !y pres5t ! appe>ance ( a /r& ( rope1 "s rods be+ twi/$ to ! "r & o!rs to ! left4 ,two rods1 ) opposite twi/1 are heat$ to ! weld+ degree1 plac$ ^u ea* o!r1 & roll$ toge!r2 !y are n[ 9 a n>r[ slab1 pres5t+ t f9e curl ( 8gra90 peculi> to ! ,damascus1 or t beautiful wavy figure peculi> to ! lam9at$ /eel1 z ! case may be4 ,! next op]ation is to coil "o ( ^! slabs ar\nd a m&rel 9 a spiral =m1 & weld x securely "u ! bl[s ( h&-hamm]s4 ,x is n[ a gun-b>rel 9 ! r\gh4 ,f9i%+ & ,prov+4--,! r\gh b>rel goes f ! weld] to ! bor]1 :]e x is put ?r\gh ! process ( 8r\gh bor+40 ,f ! 8r\gh bor]0 x goes into ! h&s ( ! 8f9e bor]10 :o bores x out smoo?ly & to ne> ! size x is to be :5 f9i%$4 ,ano!r op]ator !n takes x 9 *>ge & dresses x to smoo?ness ext]nally1 !n ! 8te/]0 takes x & dips x into /rong acid1 :i* soon %[s any imp]fection 9 ei!r twi/ or weld+ t might exi/4 ,if n p]fect1 x is s5t back to be work$ ov]2 if all "r1 x passes to ! next dep>tm5t1 :]e x is /raight5$ inside4 ,?is "p ( ! "w is gov]n$ entirely by ! eye1 & h5ce dem&s ! s]vices ( a workman ( great skill1 & exp]i5ce4 ,hav+ be5 8pass$ on0 by ! 8/raight5]10 ! b>rel goes to ! 8turn]10 :o turns x 9 a la! until ! outside is true & correspond+ly /raight ) ! int]ior1 & is ( exactly ! requir$ weight4 ,if ! arm is to be a d\ble-b>rel %ot gun1 ! b>rel next goes into ! h&s ( a workman :o jo9s x to ano!r b>rel ) ! utmo/ nicety2 to atta9 :i*1 levels & o!r suitable in/rum5ts are br\ght into requisition4 ,l ! man :o /raight5s ! bore1 ! man :o jo9s ! b>rels mu/ be a workman ( great skill4 ,! next op]ation is to braze on ! 8lumps20 !n1 next 9 ord]1 ! ribs are put on4 ,n[ comes ! 8prov+40 ,! re> ends hav+ be5 securely plugg$1 !y g to ! pro( dep>tm5t1 :]e is plac$ into ea* b>rel fully f\r ord9>y *>ges ( gunp[d]2 !n1 atop ( ?is1 a wad ( /rong br[n pap]1 ramm$ securely d[n1 !n a lead5 bullet l>ge en\gh to exactly fit ! bore1 & !n ano!r wad ( br[n pap]4 ,! *>ge is fir$1 & if ! b>rels /& ! ordeal unfaz$1 !y are ready to be fitt$ to ! action2 o!rwise1 !y g back to be work$ ov]4 ,9 "s h\ses ! 8prov+0 is done be=e ! b>rels are jo9$ toge!r4 ,action1 ,/ock & ,f9al ,f9i%4--,! 8action man0 n[ takes ! p]fect b>rels 9 h& & p]=ms 8 "p ( ! "w4 ,9 ! meantime ! /ock-mak] has n be5 idle4 ,a /ock is already 9 wait+1 & next mu/ come a s]ies ( fitt+s ( ! mo/ exquisite nicety1 until ! gun is actually a gun & ready = its f9al te/4 ,?is is appli$ by ! 8t>gete]10 :o passes ^u x accord+ to its m]its4 ,if 8 report comes 9 favorable1 ! gun goes to ! prop] dep>tm5t = f9al f9i%4 ,! /ock is dress$ up1 f9i%$ 9 oil or v>ni% & *equ]$1 & its m\nt+s put on4 ,e piece ( metal is poli%$ & burni%$ to ! highe/ possible degree1 & all ! ne$$ engrav+ is done4 ,next comes ! case-h>d5+1 color+1 & ! br[n+ or bronz+2 & ?is hav+ be5 well & satisfactorily p]=m$1 ! gun is ready = m>ket4 ,on ,mak+ ! ,rifle4--,! processes employ$ 9 mak+ ! mod]n rifle d n diff] mat]ially f ^? nam$ 9 ! =ego+4 ,( c\rse !re are "s processes employ$ on ! %ot gun t are n call$ = 9 ! manufacture ( ! rifle1 & "s on ! rifle n ne$$ on ! %ot gun4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple is ! same1 h[ev]1 & !re=e x is n necess>y to consume "t 9 fur!r description4 ,! great c>e m5tion$ is only done to make a good gun2 only ! *eap & inf]ior guns are pit*$ toge!r 9 an easi] & m irregul> way4 ,b ! gunsmi? w\ld n ?ank any "o = a treatise on *eap & bad guns4 ,!y are legion1 m's ! pity1 & 8 ext5sive deal+s ) !m w af=d annoyance suffici5t to d away ) any desire on 8 "p to fight 8 battles ov] 9 a book4 ,pla9 ,/eel-,b>rel ,guns4--,( c\rse !re are guns ) 8pla9 /eel b>rels10 z !y are call$1 :i* pass mu/] z fair2 & ! b>rels ( ^! are made by a process diff]+ mat]ially f t describ$ 9 ! =ego+2 all else connect$ ) ! mak+ is ! same4 ,^! pla9 /eel b>rels are made ( r\nd b>s ( /eel two in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! b>s are fir/ cut into l5g?s ( n9e in*es ea*2 a hole or bore ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet] is drill$ ?r\gh ! c5tre4 ,!y are n[ call$ m\lds1 & ! next /ep is to pass !m ?r\gh rolls1 :i* r$uce !m to ! requir$ size = b>rels & /ret* !m out to ! requir$ l5g?1 hold+ !m1 at ! same "t1 9 ! prop] %ape1 ext]nally4 ,hav+ be5 ?us roll$1 !y are bor$ out int]nally1 turn$ & gr\nd ext]nally1 until !y h atta9$ to ! %ape & proportions ( correctly-=m$ b>rels4 ,aft] ?is comes ! fitt+ up & 8prov+10 z 9 ! case ( ! f9] guns4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,guns ,,n[ ,,9 ,,use4 ,guns ,def9$4--,except+ ! pi/ol1 & ! mort>1 p]haps1 all fire-arms n[ 9 use are class$ "u ! "n ( guns4 ,! cannon or artill]y ordnance 9 all its sizes & =ms1 is simply a l>ge gun4 ,x is v>i\sly divid$ (f1 accord+ to "*1 into heavy siege-guns1 field-pieces1 rifl$-cannon & smoo?-bores4 ,^! aga9 are sub-divid$ into a l>ge numb] ( diff]5t k9ds1 z ! ,arm/rong1 ! ,dahlgr51 ! ,columbiad1 ! ,paixhan1 ! ,p>rot1 ! ,:itwor?1 etc4 ,b ) guns ( ?is class ! practical gunsmi? w h no?+ to d1 & h5ce x is b reasonable to suppose t he feels no p>ticul> conc]n ab\t !m4 ,x is ) ! small-arms t 8 conc]n w ma9ly lie1 & !re=e f ?is page to ! conclusion ( ?is "w ! gun m5tion$ w be "s in/rum5t class+ ) ! small fire-arms1 & liable to be br\ght to a gunsmi?'s %op = repairs4 ,! small arms1 or h& guns1 are muskets1 rifles1 c>b9es1 f[l+-pieces & pi/ols4 ,^! may be prop]ly divid$ into ?ree classes3 ! fl9t-lock1 ! p]cussion-lock & ! c>tridge bree*-load]4 ,! ,old ,fl9t-,lock ,guns4--,( ! old fl9t-locks1 only a few are n[ 9 exi/5ce )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"h & !re "o has be5 kept z a k9d ( heirloom by "s family1 & occasionally ^! drop 9 ^u ! gunsmi? = repairs1 b n (t54 ,!y are m common along ! ,mexican bord] 9 ,texas1 p]haps1 ?an 9 any o!r portion ( ! c\ntry4 ,a m9ute description ( ! old fl9t-lock-gun ne$ n be giv51 z1 9 g5]al *>act]i/ics x does n diff] mat]ially f all o!r muzzle-load]s4 ,! b>rel is usually long] ?an t ( ! m mod]n gun2 &1 9 ! case ( ! rifle1 ! /ock 7all wood7 ext5ds ne>ly to ! muzzle4 ,x is :at1 9 lat] days1 :5 half-/ocks _h be5 inv5t$1 0 call$ a full-/ock4 ,z already intimat$ ! int]ior me*anism ( ! lock diff]s v little f t ( ! m mod]n cap or p]cussion-lock4 ,on ! outside1 9 place ( ! cap-hamm] is a cock arrang$ ) two lips = hold+ a fl9t4 ,! lips are br\ght toge!r firmly ^u ! fl9t by means ( a screw :i* passes d[n imm$iately back ( x4 ,9 ! top ( ! lock-plate1 directly 9 front ( ! cock1 is set ! prim+-pan2 a small iron receptacle made to conta91 say ! f\r? ( a teaspoonful ( gunp[d]4 ,:5 ! lock is 9 position ! butt or op5 end ( ! pan comes squ>ely up aga9/ ! b>rel ( ! gun :]e a small hole call$ ! 8t\*-hole0 communicates ) ! int]ior1 & ) ! *>ge1 :5 ! gun is load$4 ,ov] ! prim+-pan a cov] fits nicely1 ly+ horizontally :5 ! pan is clos$1 & turn+ up at "r angles on ! edge ne>e/ ! cock1 & /&+ erect1 a small plate ( /eel1 imm$iately 9 front ( ! fl9t4 ,?is cov]1 ) its v]tical plate is call$ ! frizz54 ,x works on a h+e1 & is held into :atev] position set1 by means ( a small spr+ call$ ! heel spr+4 ,:5 ! cock is set 9 motion by draw+ ^u ! trigg] & releas+ ! *eck to ! ma9spr+1 ! fl9t comes 9 contact ) ! /eel plate ( ! frizz51 ?r[+ x back ^u its h+e & scrap+ d[n its face directly t[>ds ! prim+-pan4 ,z ! frizz5 flies back ! pan is uncov]$1 ( c\rse1 enabl+ ! fl9t to end its j\rney directly 9 ! prim+ p[d] ( ! pan4 ,9 its scrape ov] ! /eel plate ( ! frizz5 x causes _m brilliant sp>ks ( fire1 :i* desc5d+ ) x into ! prim+ sets (f ! *>ge4 ,! ,p]cussion-,lock ,gun4--,z has already be5 /at$1 ! imm$iate successor ( ! old fl9t-lock 0 ! p]cussion or cap-lock4 ,:ile n[ f> beyond its z5i?1 x is /ill ! prevail+ gun 9 _m portions ( ! c\ntry2 especially 9 out-(-!-way di/ricts ,s\? & ,we/4 ,9 ! olde/ make ( ^! guns a small plug ( iron is screw$ into ! b>rel at ! po9t :]e ! t\*-hole ( ! fl9t-lock 0 locat$4 ,x is call$ ! cyl9d]4 ,! end pass+ into ! b>rel is drill$ to communicate ) ! p[d]-b$ ( ! gun1 & ) a cap-tube1 :i* is screw$ into ! cyl9d]1 to /& erect ne> ! side ( ! b>rel4 ,9 m mod]n guns ! cyl9d] has be5 disc>d$1 ! tube go+ directly into ! b>rel & communicat+ ) ! p[d]-b$4 ,! olde/ p]cussion-lock rifles are set 9 :ole-/ock1 on ! plan ( ! fl9t-lock gun2 & on acc\nt ( ! fact t all ! old-fa%ion$ folks are n yet dead1 "s factories put up new guns aft] ! same model1 call+ !m ,k5tucky rifles4 ,! /ock rea*es ! full l5g? ( ! b>rel1 :i* is heavy & ab\t f\r feet long4 ,x is octagon 9 %ape4 ,b 9 mo/ ( ! m mod]n rifles ! b>rel is %ort]1 say f #cb to #cf in*es 9 l5g?1 & comp>atively light2 & ! /ock ext5ds only half ! l5g? ( ! b>rel1 jo9+ to a rib affix$ to ! b>rel = ! purpose ( hold+ ! ramrod-?imbles4 ,! 8pat5t-bree*0 may be m5tion$ z ano!r peculi>ity ( ! p]cussion-lock gun1 s9ce x 0 n kn[n 9 ! days ere ! fl9t-lock _h lo/ its pre/ige4 ,9 ^? e>ly days ! bree* end ( ! b>rel 0 clos$ by a plug ( iron1 screw$ 9 & call$ ! bree*-p94 ,f its upp] side !re ext5d$ backw>d along ! /ock a ?9 plate or /rap1 ?r\gh :i* screws pass$ at "r angles to hold ! b>rel 9 place4 ,?is me?od ( secur+ ! bree*-end ( ! b>rel into ! /ock has be5 done away ) by ! pat5t bree*1 :i* secures x by means ( a %ort hook on ! end ( ! bree*-p92 or1 r1 on ! end ( ! %ort plug screw$ into ! b>rel 9 place ( ! old bree*-p94 ,x is mu* m conv5i5t ?an ! old fa%ion$ arrangem5t1 z x enables ! b>rel to be tak5 f ! /ock 9 a mom5t1 do+ away ) ! labor ( draw+ ! bree*-p9 screws4 ,on ! ,muzzle-,load]s4--,! p]cussion-lock muzzle-load]s all "w ^u ab\t ! same pr9ciple4 ,! *>ge mu/ g 9 at ! muzzle & be put d[n to ! bree*4 ,9 ! case ( army guns x is usually conta9$ 9 a pap] c>tridge4 ,! soldi] bites (f ! end ( ! c>tridge 9 :i* ! p[d] is inclos$1 to admit ( a communication ) ! cap1 & !n =ces x d[n ) ! ramrod4 ,b 9 ! case ( rifles & f[l+ pieces1 or %otguns1 z ! latt] are mo/ commonly call$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 c>tridges are seldom employ$4 ,9 load+ a rifle ! p[d] is fir/ measur$ 9 a 8*>g]10 & !n p\r$ d[n ! b>rel2 next comes ! pat*1 :i* is usually a piece ( new & /rong cotton clo?1 mo/ commonly ! k9d kn[n z :ite drill+4 ,?is1 hav+ be5 tall[$ ^u "o side1 ! tall[$ side is spread ov] ! muzzle ( ! gun1 & ! bullet is press$ ^u x into ! muzzle1 ! side f :i* ! 8neck10 =m$ 9 m\ld+1 has be5 cut1 mu/ be directly d[nw>d4 ,g5]ally ) ! h&le ( a knife ! bullet is press$ into ! bore z f> z x c be s5t by su* means2 !n ! pat* is ga!r$ ar\nd x & cut smoo?ly (f exactly flu% ) ! muzzle end ( ! b>rel4 ,! next op]ation is to draw ! ramrod1 ?r[ ! gun "u ! left arm1 ) its bree* re/+ ^u ! gr\nd & its muzzle 9 front ( ! brea/1 & !n hav+ set ! butt end ( ! ramrod ^u ! bullet & grasp$ x 9 bo? h&s1 ! bullet is gradually1 & by ma9 /r5g?1 =c$ d[nw>d into position4 ,to make sure t x is entirely d[n ! gun is tak5 f "u ! arm1 by "s1 & set ) ! bree* re/+ ^u ! gr\nd m 9 front1 aft] :i* ! ramrod is rais$ up a foot or s & pit*$ d[n ! bore l ?r[+ a pike4 ,if x does n b\nd back ! bullet is n d[n solid ^u ! p[d]1 & ! pit*+ is repeat$ until x does b\nd4 ,! upw>d b\nd ( a few in*es is suffici5t to settle x t ! bullet is d[n4 ,9 ! e>ly times ! bullet ( ! rifle 0 pat*$ ) dress$ de]-sk9 exclusively4 ,*>g+ ! %ot-gun muzzle-load] is an op]ation some:at diff]5t4 ,fir/ comes ! p[d] p\r$ d[n ! bore f a *>g]1 z 9 ! case ( ! rifle4 ,next comes a wad1 usually ( pap]1 :i* mu/ fit tightly1 & be ramm$ d[n solid ^u ! p[d]4 ,foll[+ ?is comes ! %ot1 measur$ 9 ! same *>g]1 or 9 "o ( ! same capacity4 ,! measure ( p[d] & ! measure ( %ot usually made ab\t ! same4 ,ov] ! %ot is ramm$ a loose wad--x ne$s only to be tight en\gh to prev5t ! %ot f roll+ out :5 ! muzzle ( ! gun happ5s to come l[] ?an ! bree*4 ,disk-l wads ( pa/ebo>d or felt clo? are ! late/ inv5tion4 ,! ,bree* ,load]s4--,! bree*-load+ gun is n[ be=e ! public 9 consid]able v>iety2 & be+ really ! gun ( ! day1 &1 consequ5tly1 engag+ ! be/ ?\ght ( inv5tors1 x is con/antly appe>+ 9 new =ms4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ab\t all t c\ld be expect$ 9 ?is "w1 is a m]e m5tion ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ^u :i* x works4 ,tak+ a d\ble-b>rel %ot-gun = illu/rat+ ^! g5]al pr9ciples1 x may be /at$ t ! b>rels are movable at ! bree* or re> end1 & butt ^u ! face ( ! /&+ bree* peculi> to ! late/ & be/ muzzle-load]s4 ,! face ( ^! b>rels fits smoo?ly aga9/ t ( ! /&+ bree*4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! way ( a bree*-p9 to resi/ ! backw>d =ce ( ! ignit$ p[d]1 or hold ! b>rels 9 place4 ,! hooks m5tion$ z peculi> to ! pat5t bree* muzzle-load] are n !re--no?+ at all l !m4 ,b ! b>rels1 :5 put into place = %oot+ are held !re by means ( a solid piece ( iron atta*$ to !m und]nea?1 call$ ! 8lump40 ,to effect ?is1 x desc5ds into an iron b$ on ! /ock call$ ! 8action10 its projections fitt+ into suitable recesses 9 ! action & be+ held !re by ! ag5cy ( keys1 w$ges1 bolts or grips4 ,!re are _m devices = gripp+1 bolt+ or w$g+ up ! gun1 z x is call$2 & also _m = atta*+ ! b>rels to ! /ock4 ,9 all cases ! b>rels play ^u a h+e p91 :i* admits ( _! dropp+ d[n at ! muzzle & ris+ at ! bree*1 ! latt] to reject ! empty c>tridge & receive ! load$ "o4 ,at e dis*>ge ! gun is op5$ & clos$ by ?r[+ up ! b>rels = ! purpose j nam$1 & !n lett+ !m d[n aga9 into position = %oot+4 ,! means by :i* ?is op5+ & clos+ is effect$ v>y greatly 9 ! guns ( diff]5t mak]s4 ,v>iety ( ,bree*-,load]s4--,?is gives ! g5]al idea ( ab\t all !re is ( x4 ,!re are a few bree*-load]s made 9 bo? ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe ^: b>rels are fix$1 ! c>tridge be+ ins]t$ ?r\gh "s o!r device2 & !re are /ill a few o!rs ^: b>rels slide =w>d or sideways 9 ! /ock to receive ! load--d n tilt on a h+e-p9--b nei!r ( ^! k9ds are s common z ! k9ds j ref]r$ to4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pi/ols ,,n[ ,,9 ,,use4 ,old-,/yle ,pi/ols4--,pi/ols1 ! smalle/ ( fire-arms1 7 orig9ally pla9 implem5ts ( a s+le b>rel2 b1 z improvem5ts advanc$1 a second b>rel 0 add$ to _m ( !m1 pres5t+ :at is kn[n z ! d\ble-b>rel$ pi/ol4 ,"s ( ^! old-fa%ion$ s+le & d\ble-b>rel$ pi/ols w /ill occasionally f9d _! way into ! %op ( ! gunsmi?1 ?\gh _! numb]s1 z n[ 9 use1 are comp>atively small1 especially ! muzzle-load]s4 ,9 r>e in/ances a fl9t-lock 8horse pi/ol0 or hol/] may put 9 an appe>ance1 ?\gh none su* are n[ on sale at any h\se deal+ 9 fire-arms4 ,"s few h\ses are /ill (f]+ ! old cap-lock army hol/]1 always a second-h& article t once belong$ to ! ,gov]nm5t1 & 0 b\ght up by deal]s :5 ! ,gov]nm5t _h disc>d$ x = ! adoption ( m mod]n & bett] arms4 ,a description ( ?is k9d ( weapon is unnecess>y z x is simply a small musket ) side-lock1 & all on ! usual plan1 diff]+ only 9 be+ %ort & hav+ a turn$-d[n h&le1 to be held 9 "o h&1 in/ead ( ! usual bree*4 ,! s+le or d\ble-b>rel muzzle-load]s1 outside ! l9e ( army hol/]s1 w usually h ! c5tral lock1 :i* is next to no lock at all2 simply a ma9spr+ work+ 9 ! h&le & ?r[+ ! cap-hamm]1 :i* is fitt$ 9 ! middle ( ! piece imm$iately beh9d ! bree*-end ( ! b>rel4 ,"s v *eap pi/ols = boys are /ill made on ?is plan4 ,! ,d]r+]4--,! old ,d]r+]1 ?\gh n n[ mu* manufactur$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 is /ill among ! p 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,x is a muzzle-load]1 ) side-lock & full-/ock 9 wood2 &1 by ! way1 x is a v good pi/ol ( its k9d4 ,! ,pepp] ,box4--,!re are q a numb] ( little bree*-load+ c>tridge-pi/ols1 ) s+le b>rels1 n[ 9 use1 b ! pi/ol ( ! day is a repeat]1 ( :i* !re are k9ds 9 great v>iety4 ,"o ( ! olde/ & n[ r>e/ ( ^! is ! 8pepp]-box10 s call$4 ,x has a s+le b>rel conta9+ f five to sev5 bores1 :i* are load$ f ! muzzle4 ,a tube = p]cussion caps communicates ) ea* bore at ! bree*1 & ^u ^! a hamm] /rikes1 hav+ an automatic action1 ris+ up & /rik+ 9 response to pressure ^u a trigg] und]nea?1 :i* pressure also revolves ! b>rel1 br++ ! caps into prop] position = receiv+ ! bl[4 ,x 0 nev] a popul> pi/ol1 p object+ to a k9d ( way x _h ( sometimes lett+ (f its sev5 *>ges simultane\sly1 :5 ! p]son op]at+ x _h int5d$ to fire b "o4 ,old ,colt's ,revolv]4--,next among ! repeat]s1 9 po9t ( sc>city1 is ! ,colt's revolv] ( ! e>lie/ pat5t4 ,x has a /ation>y s+le b>rel & revolv+ cyl9d]1 ! latt] conta9+ f five to sev5 *amb]s = receiv+ ! *>ges4 ,x is n a muzzle-load]1 ?\gh ! *>ges mu/ be put into ! *amb]s at ! bree*1 some:at on ! muzzle-load+ plan4 ,x is fir$ by means ( p]cussion caps4 ,! cyl9d] revolves1 ?r[+ ! *amb] to be dis*>g$ into prop] position at ! bree* ( ! b>rel :5 ! cap-hamm] is drawn back4 ,?\gh inconv5i5t1 comp>$ to ! c>tridge pi/ol ( m mod]n make1 ! old ,colt's revolv] is yet an excell5t arm4 ,!re are h\ses /ill mak+ revolv]s on ! same plan4 ,%>p's ,f\r ,%oot]4--,next to ! old ,colt's revolv] may be plac$ ! ,%>p's f\r %oot]4 ,x is a neat & /rong-%oot+1 little bree*-load+ pi/ol1 us+ a ,no4 #bb c>tridge4 ,! b>rel has f\r bores b does n revolve2 b ! hamm] has a revolv+ po9t1 = /rik+ ! c>tridge1 :i* moves into prop] position = a new dis*>ge e "t x is drawn back to full cock4 ,! b>rel slides =w>d ^u ! /ock = receiv+ new c>tridges4 ,! ,bree*-load+ ,c>tridge ,revolv]s4--,next comes ! regul> bree*-load+ c>tridge revolv]1 :i* is ! pi/ol n[ mo/ common & mo/ popul>4 ,to attempt a detail$ description ( e /yle ( ?is weapon w\ld be to swell our book to unwieldy proportions1 & ev5 7 ! multitud9\s /yles at pres5t be=e ! public describ$1 x w\ld be impossible to keep pace ) ! numb] :i* w\ld be con/antly introduc$4 ,b1 ev5 7 x possible to d s1 no good purpose w\ld be subs]v$4 ,v>i\s z ! /yles appe>1 !y all embrace devices & comb9ations :i* are sub/antially cov]$ by our sev]al *apt]s1 & ! intellig5t workman w n require m9ute descriptions to recognize or und]/& ! individual weapon :5 well gr\nd$ 9 a k ( ! class ( fire-arms to :i* x belongs4 ,x is our purpose to give su* descriptions1 directions & illu/rations z %all make ev]y?+ suffici5tly cle> & explicit to enable ! read]1 ) c>eful att5tion !reto1 to h&le successfully & satisfactorily any job likely to come to 8 h&s4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,on ,,g5]al ,,gunsmi?+4 ,! ,gunsmi? & 8 ,trade4--,few trades pres5t s little regul> r\t9e z does t ( ! gunsmi?4 ,9 mo/ trades x is ! same ?+ ov] & ov] aga92 b1 ) ! exception ( tak+ ! gun to pieces & putt+ x toge!r2 &1 p]haps1 ( temp]+1 case-h>d5+ & ! l1 ! gunsmi? may "w regul>ly = a long "t )\t be+ call$ ^u to d precisely ! same ?+ twice4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! gunsmi? mu/ be m]ely an +5i\s me*anic or work] 9 metals1 capable ( ?9k+ deeply & se>*+ out causes & requirem5ts--!re is little ne$ ( 8 be+ any?+ m4 ,! gun1 9 all its =ms1 is only a ma*9e1 & a simple "o at t--s simple z to be easily und]/ood by any "o capacitat$ = mak+ an intellig5t /udy ( ma*9]y4 ,fitt+ up a ,%op4--,! specialties to claim ! att5tion ( ! gunsmi? 9 fitt+ up 8 %op if 8 means are limit$ may be few4 ,x w be ab\t l fitt+ up ! %op ( any g5]al work] 9 metals4 ,he w ne$ a =ge1 an anvil & a vise2 9 a ^w he w ne$ a light b complete set ( blacksmi?'s tools1 to beg9 )4 ,?is outfit w be 8 f\ndation1 s to speak2 & he c add to x su* small] tools z judgm5t & exp]i5ce may sugge/ z want$2 su*1 = in/ance1 z a h&-vise or two1 cutt+-pli]s1 b5d+-pli]s1 hold+-pli]s1 small files ( v>i\s %apes1 small drills1 a screw-plate or two1 a few grav]s1 & s on4 ,he might h _m special tools1 su* z c\ld n be b\ght at ! ord9>y h>dw>e /ore1 or at any h\se deal+ 9 outfits = ! g5]al work] 9 metals1 b = ord9>y repair+1 he w n h mu* ne$ ( !m4 ,among ! special tools t he w be compell$ to h w be a rifle-guide1 a few sets ( rifle-saws & a few m\ld-*]ries4 ,^! ) prop] in/ructions he c make himself if he f9ds he _c buy !m *eap] ?an he c make !m4 ,!re are a few specialties 9 ! way ( tools or ma*9es = gunsmi?s t are (f]$ to ! trade by h\ses deal+ 9 gunsmi?'s mat]ials1 & "s ( !m may be f\nd v useful z labor-sav]s1 b ! gunsmi? c get along )\t !m if he does n wi% to buy4 ,prom95t among ^! is a ma9spr+-vise or clamp1 :i* has sev]al advantages ov] ! common h&-vise sometimes employ$ = clamp+ ! ma9spr+4 ,x w\ld be well to look aft] ^! ?+s1 & to adopt !m 9 e case :]e x appe>$ beyond "q t !y c\ld be made to pay4 ,!re is no occasion to speak aga9/ any ( ! specialties t may be pres5t$ to ! att5tion ( ! trade--( _! m]its ! p>ty mo/ conc]n$ mu/ be 8 own judge4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,tak+ ,,ap>t1 ,,clean+ ,,& ,,putt+ ,,guns ,,toge!r4 ,to ,take ! ,gun ,ap>t4--,) ! muzzle-load+ guns n[ 9 common use ?is is an op]ation s simple z to be sc>cely wor?y a m5tion4 ,if ! gun is an old-fa%ion$ bree*-p9n$ muzzle-load]1 ! fir/ ?+ is to pu% out ! small wire p9s or bolts :i* pass ?r\gh ! /ock1 "u ! b>rel1 & ?r\gh ! b>rel-loops4 ,! next ?+ is to draw ! bree*p9 screw2 ?is lets ! b>rel out ( ! /ock4 ,if x is desirable to unbree* ! gun1 x is done by clamp+ ! bree*p9 9 a vise1 & !n turn+ ! b>rel by h& until x is screw$ (f ! p94 ,! pat5t-bree* muzzle-load] comes ap>t ! same way 9 e p>ticul>1 ) ! exception t !re is no bree*p9 screw to draw2 ! b>rel c be easily lift$ f ! /ock by simply rais+ ! muzzle & unhook+ ! pat5t bree*1 s soon z ! p9s or bolts be=e m5tion$ z hold+ x d[n h be5 remov$4 ,! unbree*+ is done at ! vise mu* ! same z 9 ! o!r case4 ,to take ap>t ! ord9>y bree*-load]1 beg9 by sett+ ! hamm] at half-cock4 ,op5 ! lev]1 !n draw ! bolt1 />t+ x ) a tap f ! h&le ( ! screwdriv]4 ,next deta* ! =e-piece1 & ! b>rel w come out )\t fur!r resi/ance4 ,in/ructions to take d[n & assemble diff]5t k9ds ( bree*-load+ guns w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,xl4 ,to ,clean ! ,gun :5 ,ap>t4--,9 old5 times a bucket ( wat] & a wisp ( t[ & a /\t 8wip]0 _h to be br\ght into requisition1 p>ticul>ly = ! int]ior ( ! b>rel1 b n[ ^! ?+s are ma9ly obsolete1 s f> z relates to ! outfit ( ! gunsmi?4 ,! own] ( a muzzle-load]1 :o does n wi% to remove ! bree*p91 may /ill resort to ! old plan ( wa%+ out ! b>rel1 ?\gh !re is n[ really no necessity = x4 ,a little b5z9e p\r$ d[n ! muzzle1 aft] /opp+ ! tube1 w d ! "w ( clean+ effectually & 9 a few m9utes4 ,let /& a %ort "t1 !n remove ! plug f ! tube & =ce ! b5z9e out by runn+ d[n a t[ wad on ! wip]--all ! dirt w g out ?r\gh ! tube ) x1 leav+ y no?+ to d b wipe ! b5z9e f ! bore ) ! t[4 ,9 ! case ( a gun unbree*$1 or a bree*-load]1 all t is necess>y is to saturate a bit ( cotton flannel ) b5z9e & run x ?r\gh ! b>rel a few times4 ,if ! gun is a f9e "o1 well f9i%$1 ?is process w leave ! int]ior z %9+ & bright z a mirror4 ,) ! same arrangem5t rub ?or\ghly any ( ! metal p>ts t happ5 n to be clean1 & all impurities w promptly leave !m4 ,aft] ?is1 oil & wipe ) a *amois sk91 & ! "w is done4 ,b5z9e may be _h at any drug /ore at ab\t ! price ( k]os5e4 ,x is especially valuable z a gun clean] = two reasons3 its peculi> fitness = deta*+ & c>ry+ away dirt1 & its highly volatile prop]ties1 :i* cause x to evaporate & entirely leave ! metal 9 a %ort "t aft] ! application has be5 made4 ,its adoption has completely done away ) ! necessity ( ev] us+ a drop ( wat] ^u a gun1 9 any case1 :i* is a matt] ( decid$ importance & advantage4 ,to ,put ! ,gun ,toge!r4--,) ! muzzle-load]s ! op]ation ( putt+ toge!r is simply a "w directly 9 rev]se to t ( tak+ ap>t4 ,9 case ( ! common make ( bree*-load]s a little m v>iation may be reg>d$ z necess>y4 ,take ! grip ( ! /ock 9 ! left h&1 hav+ ! lev] op54 ,hook on ! b>rel & turn ! gun ov] ) ! hamm]s und]nea?1 /ill hold+ ! /ock at ! grip4 ,! weight ( ! b>rel w keep x 9 place4 ,) ! "r h& atta* ! =epiece & pu% 9 ! bolt4 ,( c\rse !re are guns ( peculi> make1 n[ & !n to be met )1 :i* w require a diff]5t r\t9e1 bo? 9 tak+ ap>t & putt+ toge!r4 ,! details1 ) full directions = tak+ d[n & assembl+ ne>ly all ! bree*-load+ guns n[ made1 w be f\nd expla9$1 ) cuts ( _! me*anism & work+ p>ts1 9 ,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,a c>eful /udy w soon %[ ! gunsmi? h[ !y come ap>t & h[ !y g toge!r4 ,! ma9 ?+ is to "w ) extreme c>e1 & to nev] act until y cle>ly und]/& :at y are do+4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,tools ,,requir$ ,,= ,,"w1 ,,_! ,,co/1 ,,etc4 ,giv5 9 alphabetical ord] are "s ( ! tools t w be requir$ by ! gunsmi?1 & 9 connection a v brief sket* is giv5 ( _! approximate co/ at h>dw>e /ores4 ,?is li/ is int5d$ only z a sort ( guide 9 pur*as+1 & is by no means int5d$ z a complete li/ ( :at may be want$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #a4 ,! ,alcohol ,lamp4--,?is lamp1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1 is useful = small sold]+1 temp]+ small taps1 drills1 etc4 ,glass or brass lamps ) caps to prev5t evaporation1 are sold = ab\t #ej c5ts ea*4 ,alcohol ,lamp1 ,self-,bl[+4--,?is lamp1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1 v conv5i5t :5 cont9u$ bl[+ is requir$1 or :5 ! 8knack0 ( us+ ! common pl[-pipe _c be readily acquir$4 ,x may be us$ = sold]+1 braz+ small articles1 or h>d5+ small tools1 ,size #b in*es diamet] & #e in*es high1 #b2 ab\t #c in*es diamet] & #f in*es high1 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #b4 ,anvil4--,an anvil weigh+ ab\t n9ety or "o hundr$ p\nds is heavy en\gh4 ,an ,eagle anvil ( ?is weight w co/ ab\t #i or #aj4 ,! body ( ?is k9d ( anvil is ca/ iron ) /eel face & horn4 ,price p] p\nd is ab\t t5 c5ts4 ,b>rel ,planes4--,^! planes are n[ b little us$1 except = /ock+ guns or rifles :i* are to be fitt$ ) full-l5g? /ocks4 ,z ?is =m ( gun is some:at go+ out ( use1 s ! /ock]'s planes are gett+ to be ca/ to "o side4 ,!y are made simil> to a n>r[ rabbet plane1 b h ! iron set close to ! =e end4 ,any n>r[ plane ) ! =e end cut (f to )9 half an in* ( ! op5+ 9 :i* ! iron is plac$ w make a sub/itute = ! /ock]'s plane4 ,! plane ) r\nd face is us$ to let 9 r\nd b>rels1 & "o ) a face equal 9 wid? to ! sides ( an octagon b>rel1 = lett+ 9 su* b>rels4 ,a n>r[ plane is us$ to let 9 ! ramrod1 by cutt+ a groove c5trally 9 ! bottom ( ! b>rel groove4 ,! planes us$ are ab\t f\r 9 numb] & ! co/ is ab\t sev5 or eight doll>s = ! set z sold by deal]s4 ,bevel4--,bevels = asc]ta9+ & =m+ surfaces1 n at a "r angle ) "s c]ta9 l9e1 c be _h f "o doll> upw>d 9 price4 ,! f\r in* is v good size4 ,! blade is held 9 position by a screw1 :i* =ms "p ( ! jo9t on :i* ! blade turns4 ,%[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #c4 ,bevel+ ,clamp4--,^! tools are g5]ally made ( ab\t ?ree sizes1 & are us$ = hold+ hamm]s :5 fil+ ! bevel ^u ! sides4 ,!y are also useful = hold+ lock-plates :ile fil+ ! bevel on !m4 ,9 ! vise1 "w c only be conv5i5tly held at a v]tical or horizontal position2 ?is clamp is design$ to furni% a means to hold x s z to file an angle ( ab\t #de degrees4 ,! tool is %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,x is held 9 ! vise1 ! %\ld]s re/+ on ! vise jaws4 ,! spr+ betwe5 ! jo9t$ portions op5s ! tool :5 ! vice jaws are op5$1 ! clos+ ( ! vise jaws1 ( c\rse1 clos+ ! clamp ^u ! "w t is plac$ 9 x4 ,! co/ ( ^! tools is f two to ?ree doll>s1 accord+ to size & quality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #d4 ,blacksmi? ,tongs4--,blacksmi? tongs c n[ be pur*as$ ( ! h>dw>e deal]4 ,! twelve-in* l5g? are us$ = small "w1 & ! fifte5 or eighte5 = heavi] "w4 ,! twelve in* co/ ab\t #ej c5ts2 ! fifte51 #fb1 & ! eighte51 #ge c5ts ea*4 ,bl[-,pipe4--,select a bl[-pipe eight or t5 in*es 9 l5g?1 ) bulb or )\t1 z fancy may dictate4 ,if ! end :]e ! m\? comes 9 contact be silv] or nickle-plat$1 x w n ta/e ( brass4 ,if x be difficult to get "o plat$1 t9 x ) s(t sold] by wett+ ) sold]+ acid1 & melt+ ! sold] on x by hold+ x ov] ! lamp4 ,wipe (f all sup]flu\s sold] ) a rag4 ,! co/ ( pla9 eight or t5 in* pipe is ab\t #be c5ts4 ,add ab\t "o-?ird or "o-half ?is price = pipes ) bulb4 ,bree*+ ,taps4--,bree*+ taps ought to be obta9$ 9 pairs1 "o to ent] fir/ & ano!r to foll[1 cutt+ a full ?read at ! bottom4 ,! prices p] pair are = ! in* #b4be2 in*1 #b4ej2 in*1 #b4ge4 ,= %ot gun taps1 in*1 #c4jj2 in*1 #c4be4 ,a /ock ) dies w co/ ab\t a l sum1 b if ! /ock be fitt$ ) only two sets ( dies1 x w be mu* less4 ,! two ?reads us$ = rifle p9s are #ad & #af to ! in*4 ,! #ad & #af ?reads are n always adh]$ to4 ,a h\se 9 ,philadelphia say !y use taps ( #ah ?reads1 & a firm 9 ,pittsburg adv]tise taps ( #bj ?reads p] in*4 ,calip]s & ,divid]s4--,! be/ l5g? ( spr+ calip]s & divid]s1 = common b5* "w1 is ab\t f\r in*es4 ,! co/ is f #ej c5ts to #a4ej1 accord+ to quality4 ,*isels4--,! *isels1 z us$ by /ock]s1 are ab\t half a doz5 9 numb]4 ,! n>r[e/ is ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* wide1 & ! wide/ ab\t half in*4 ,! set ( six w co/ ab\t a doll> or a doll> & a half4 ,cutt+ ,pli]s4--,a pair ( cutt+ pli]s1 six in*es 9 l5g?1 = cutt+ wire1 are indisp5sable4 ,select ^? ( good quality4 ,poor pli]s ( ?is description are poor1 inde$4 ,! co/ w be f #ge c5ts to #a4ej4 ,!re are pat5t$ pli]s ( ?is k9d 9 m>ket t are recomm5d$ by _m :o use !m4 ,drill ,/ock4--,_m k9ds are 9 m>ket1 f eight in*es 9 l5g? upw>d4 ,"s are t]m$ h& drills1 & ! l>g] ones1 us$ aga9/ ! brea/1 are call$ brea/ drills4 ,! h& drills c be obta9$ z l[ z #ej c5ts & upw>d2 ! price ( brea/ drills f two to ?ree doll>s4 ,select a drill /ock1 if "o be requir$1 ( a size & /r5g? to suit ! "w to :i* x w be us$4 ,file ,c>d4--,?is is = clean+ fil+s1 dirt1 etc41 t may collect 9 files4 ,x consi/s ( a /rip ( common cotton c>d tack$ to a piece ( wood conv5i5tly %ap$ to h&le4 ,x is also useful to clean ! dirt & debris t w collect 9 screw taps4 ,! co/ is ab\t #be c5ts4 ,%[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #e4 ,fitt+ ,squ>e4--,a fitt+ squ>e ) a f\r1 five or six-in* blade is requir$ = _m purposes1 n only = lay+ out iron /ocks & m>k+ (f 8squ>e "w10 b o!r "w t w come into a gun %op4 ,! gun squ>es us$ by c>p5t]s & cab9et mak]s are v good4 ,if ! /ock be ( iron1 or an iron frame fill$ ) wood1 !y are bett] ?an ^? ) wood5 /ocks4 ,! co/ ( ! six-in* may be ab\t #ge c5ts4 ,! o!r some:at less4 ,floats4--,= half-/ock+1 ! g\ge & floats are us$ = lett+ 9 b>rels4 ,! floats are made ) a h&le b5t at an angle s t ! h& w n hit ! "w4 ,! r\nd float 9 =m resembles a g\ge ) tee? l a co>se file cut on ! r\nd$ or bottom surface4 ,floats h be5 made by draw+ ! temp] ( a ?ick g\ge & cutt+ tee? 9 x1 or tak+ a half-r\nd file & draw+ ! temp]1 & !n cutt+ tee? on ! r\nd side4 ,floats = octagon b>rels are flat1 l a *isel ) tee? cut on "o ( ! flat sides4 ,a ?9 float = lett+ 9 cross bolts is made 9 ! same mann]4 ,a float = fitt+ ramrods may be made ( a /eel rod ) tee? cut on "o end1 & a h&le fix$ to ! o!r4 ,! bolt float w co/ ab\t #ej c5ts4 ,! rod float ab\t #a4jj ea* = two sizes4 ,rifle1 two sizes1 ab\t #a4be ea*4 ,%ot gun1 two sizes1 ab\t #a4ej ea*4 ,=ge4--,little advice c be giv5 respect+ a =ge4 ,"s pref] ! bell[s =ge1 :ile o!rs select ! fan bl[]4 ,! great requirem5t ( ! gunsmi? is portability & occupy+ little space4 ,x %\ld also be s enclos$ z to prev5t escape ( du/1 & be free f accid5t ( fire escap+ if left ) ! fire light$4 ,! co/ ( ei!r =m ( portable =ge w be f #bj1 upw>d4 ,glue ,pot4--,glue pots c be pur*as$ ) kettle fitt+ inside ! pot & t9n$ on inside1 qu>t size ab\t #ge c5ts4 ,a glue pot may be extemporiz$ by select+ a common r\nd fruit c1 cutt+ out ! cov] s z to all[ a small] c to fit & be held 9 place4 ,:]e economy is desir$ or a pot _c be pur*as$1 ! c glue pot w answ] e purpose4 ,g\ges4--,ab\t six g\ges are ne$$4 ,! sizes are ab\t "o-eigh? = ! smalle/1 & increas+ to ?ree-qu>t]s = ! l>ge/4 ,! co/ ( ! set w be ab\t "o doll> & a qu>t]4 ,gr9d ,/one4--,an ,ohio /one1 ab\t #bj in*es diamet] & #b in*es ?ick1 m\nt$ pla91 c be got up = ab\t ?ree or f\r doll>s4 ,! iron fixtures w co/ ab\t a doll>1 & ! /one a c5t & a half or m p] p\nd1 accord+ to locality4 ,hack ,saw4--,a hack saw %[n 9 ,fig4 #f1 ) iron frame1 to hold a blade ( eight or t5 in*es 9 l5g? is requir$ = cutt+ (f b>rels1 slott+ screws1 cutt+ (f rods ( iron1 brass1 etc41 besides _m o!r uses4 ,! eight in* ) blade w co/ ab\t #a4be1 ! t5 in* ab\t #a4ej4 ,if at any "t a blade be brok5 !y c be replac$ at f #be to #ej c5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #f4 ,hamm]s4--,9 *oos+ hamm]s select ! pla9 rivet+ hamm] ) cross pe94 ,! sizes g5]ally mo/ us$ are a f\r ounce1 a twelve ounce & a heavi] "o = use at ! =ge4 ,! f\r ounce co/+ ab\t #cj c5ts1 ! twelve ounce ab\t #ej c5ts1 & ! l>g] "o accord+ to weight4 ,9 select+ hamm]s try ! pe9 ) a f9e file to le>n ! temp]4 ,9 _m cases ! pe9 is left too s(t = rivet+ /eel4 ,h&les4--,h&les = files or screwdriv]s are be/ :5 made ( maple or apple wood4 ,maple is g5]ally pref]r$4 ,"s me*anics l s(t wood1 z bass-wood or :ite bir*1 = file h&les1 b !y are n s neat z ^? made ( maple4 ,get ^? ) f]rules made f %eet brass1 rais$ to =m4 ,s(t wood h&les are wor? ab\t #be c5ts p] doz51 & ! h>d wood ab\t #ej c5ts4 ,h& ,%e>s4--,= cutt+ %eet t91 brass1 ?9 %eet /eel1 small spr+s1 etc41 select a pair ( h& %e>s ab\t n9e or t5 in*es 9 l5g?1 co/+ ab\t #a4ej4 ,) ^!1 common wat*-spr+s c be cut l5g?wise1 = mak+ small spr+s = pi/ols4 ,! temp] ne$ n be drawn to cut !m4 7,%[n 9 ,fig4 #g47 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #g4 ,h&-vise4--,a h&-vise = hold+ wire1 screws1 etc41 is ne$$4 ,ab\t f\r or f\r & a half in*es 9 l5g? is mo/ conv5i5t4 ,= hold+ small wire1 cut a groove ) a ?ree-squ>e file across ! jaws t[>d ! jo9t$ end4 ,! co/ w be f #ej c5ts to #a4jj1 accord+ to quality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #h4 ,iron ,clamps4--,a pair ( malleable iron clamps 7%[n 9 ,fig4 #h71 op5+ ab\t f\r in*es1 are useful = hold+ b>rels into ! /ock dur+ /ock+1 hold+ a lock plate or /rap 9 place = m>k+1 hold+ b>rels toge!r1 pieces ( wood to be glu$1 etc4 ,co/1 ab\t #ej c5ts ea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #i4 ,ma9spr+ ,vise4--,?is tool 7%[n 9 ,fig4 #i1 z clamp+ a spr+7 is us$ to clamp ! ma9spr+1 prep>atory to remov+ x f ! lock4 ,! hamm] is set at full cock1 & ! vise appli$1 ! screw tight5$ until ! spr+ c be lift$ f place4 ,9 tak+ d[n d\ble guns1 a vise = ea* lock spr+ is v conv5i5t1 z ! spr+s c !n re/ 9 ! vise1 be+ cramp$ 9 place1 until ready to be put back into _! respective places4 ,! co/ ( ^! vises is f #be c5ts to #b ea*1 accord+ to quality & make4 ,= a left-side lock1 rev]se ! slid+ piece1 s t ! %ort end w be> on ! b5d ( ! ma9spr+4 ,m>k+ ,gauge4--,a wood m>k+ gauge is us$ = lay+ out l9es p>allel to a surface already =m$4 ,if made ( bee* wood1 & pla91 x is g5]ally sold = ab\t #be c5ts ea*4 ,screw-cutt+ ,tools4--,a small die /ock & dies1 ) taps = lock "w1 w co/ ab\t #b4ej4 ,a plate & t5 taps1 suitable = all sizes ( nipples1 ,engli% & ,g]man1 c be _h = ab\t #h4jj4 ,screw ,wr5*4--,"o ( ,coe's pat5t wr5*es1 ab\t twelve-in* size1 co/+ ab\t a doll>1 is ! be/ make & ! mo/ durable size = all purposes4 ,?is wr5* is g5]ally kn[n z a 8monkey wr5*40 ,sold]+ ,copp]4--,a copp] = sold]+1 simil> to ! k9d us$ by t9n]s1 is ! k9d to get4 ,a good size--,no4 #c--w weigh ab\t a p\nd & a half1 co/+ ab\t #ge c5ts4 ,screw-driv]s4--,sev]al screw-driv]s are requir$1 & ( sev]al wid?s1 to fit diff]5t siz$ screw heads4 ,! n>r[e/ may be ab\t "o-eigh? in*1 & ! wide/1 say1 half in* to five-eigh?s in*4 ,if ! me*anic desires to make ^! himself1 select octagon /eel1 ab\t "o-qu>t] in* diamet]1 draw "o end to =m ! tang1 & ! o!r to =m ! screw-driv+ "p4 ,get good apple1 bee* or maple wood h&les4 ,let ! l5g? project ab\t six or sev5 in*es f ! h&le4 ,= ! l>g] size screw-driv]s get /eel ?ree-eigh?s diamet]4 ,old files1 ) ! temp] drawn & ! po9ts gr\nd to %ape1 make a passable screw-driv]4 ,screw-driv]s pur*as$ at ! /ore1 are g5]ally n s satisfactory z ^? made f rods4 ,/ub's r\nd /eel wire rod makes good screwdriv]s ,pli]s4--,?ree k9ds ( pli]s are us$ by gunsmi?s2 flat nose1 r\nd nose1 & long flat nose or clock-mak]s' pli]s4 ,six in* is ab\t ! "r l5g? = g5]al use4 ,! r\nd nose are useful = b5d+ wire or metal into circul> =ms4 ,! long flat nose = hold+ "w = sold]+ & h&l+ "w at ! =ge4 ,( ! flat nose a five in* pair are useful 9 _m cases4 ,! co/ ( pli]s 7six in*71 is f ab\t #ej c5ts to #a4jj p] pair accord+ to quality4 ,w+ ,divid]s4--,a pair ( w+ divid]s1 ab\t eight in*es 9 l5g?1 w be f\nd ! be/ size = g5]al use4 ,! co/ w be ab\t #ge c5ts4 ,9 pur*as+ see t ! screw t b9ds ! leg to ! arc or w+ is well fitt$4 ,! ?read1 ei!r 9 ! leg or ! screw1 is sometimes /ripp$ or worn out aft] a little us+4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,tools1 ,,etc41 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m4 ,! tools giv5 9 ?is *apt] are su* z are ne$$ by ! gunsmi?1 & z directions are giv5 = mak+ !m1 !y c be made by almo/ any +5i\s p]son dur+ leisure h\rs4 ,! ,alcohol ,lamp4--,a lamp = ?is k9d ( "w is easily made4 ,a common gum or mucilage bottle ) a tube ins]t$ 9 ! cork has be5 us$1 s has a small t9 spice-box1 ) a tube sold]$ into ! cov]4 ,a common copp] or brass c>tridge1 ) ! head fil$ (f1 c be us$ = a tube4 ,a common oil c1 su* z is us$ = oil+ sew+ ma*9es1 ) ab\t half ( ! tap] tube cut (f1 w make a s]viceable lamp4 ,^! appliances are small1 unsightly & n to ! ta/e ( ! me*anic :o has a pride 9 ! appe>ance ( 8 tools4 ,! be/ =m ( lamp1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj1 may be made by obta9+ a small glass k]os5e h& lamp1 :i* w co/ only a trifle ( two or ?ree %ill+s4 ,cut (f t portion ( ! burn] above ! screw1 :]e x is held to ! socket t is fa/5$ to ! lamp4 ,remove ! tube t holds ! lamp-wick & also ! little contrivance made to raise & l[] ! wick4 ,9 ! place :]e ! tube 0 ins]t$1 g5]ally a flat "o1 file out ) a r\nd file1 a place :i* is l>ge en\gh to receive a common brass #dd-;c>tridge t has _h ! head cut (f or remov$ by fil+2 ?is is ! tube = ! wick4 ,fa/5 x 9 place ) s(t sold]4 ,let ?is tube project a little into ! lamp1 & sold] x on ! "u side4 ,! great] portion ( ! tube projects above ! place :]e sold]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aj4 ,! wick is made ( common cotton wick+1 lett+ ! end inside t\* ! bottom ( ! lamp4 ,fill ) alcohol1 & ! lamp is ready = use4 ,be c>eful t ! wick is n too tight 9 ! tube1 or 9 o!r words1 d n fill ! tube ) too mu* wick1 z x w prev5t ! alcohol f ris+ & ! lamp f burn+4 ,to prev5t evaporation ( ! alcohol & to h ! wick always ready = light+1 cov] ! tube ) a cap t fits x q closely & has ! upp] end clos$4 ,a brass c>tridge t w g ov] ! tube makes a good cov]4 ,remove ! prim$ cap or see t ! cap has be5 explod$ be=e us+ x to cov] ! lamp tube4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aa4 ,a ,self-bl[+ ,lamp4--,a v good =m ( ?is lamp is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,x consi/s ( a lamp enclos$ 9 a k9d ( cup :i* has an op5 place at ! bottom to admit ! lamp & a small boil]1 fitt+ loosely1 & held by a flange on its top4 ,a small pipe is sold]$ to ! top ( ?is boil] & ext5ds d[nw>d1 & has an end l a bl[-pipe t passes ?r\gh "o side ( ! cup & ends ne> or a little above ! lamp wick4 ,! op]ation is z foll[s3 ! lamp be+ light$1 heats alcohol plac$ 9 ! boil]1 & ! /eam !reby made produces a jet t bl[s ! lamp flame ! same z is done ) ! m\?4 ,! size ( ! cup may be f ?ree in*es to ?ree & a half 9 diamet]1 & ab\t five in*es high4 ,! op5+ at ! bottom may ext5d ab\t half ( ! height4 ,! lamp is made ( less diamet] ?an ! int]ior ( ! cup to admit ( mov+ to get a good flame f ! bl[-pipe4 ,! lamp may be #a in*es 9 diamet] & an in* high4 ,! boil] is ab\t two in*es high & has ! bottom made a little convex1 z %[n by dott$ l9es1 & is "s small] ?an at ! top :]e a flange is =m$ to admit ( its re/+ on ! top ( ! cup4 ,! top ( ! boil] is also convex1 & has a %ort tube 9 :i* a cork is fitt$1 = ! purpose ( fill+ x4 ,! bl[+ tube is ab\t ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,!re is a long slot 9 ! cup ne> its h&le :i* readily admits ( its be+ put 9 position = bl[+4 ,!re are sev]al small holes ne> ! top ( ! cup to insure draft to ! lamp1 & !re is a l>ge hole ab\t an in* 9 diamet] opposite ! end ( ! bl[-pipe ?r\gh :i* ! flame issues :]e ! "w is held4 ,= silv] sold]+1 small braz+1 temp]+1 or any simil> small "w1 ?is lamp is mo/ excell5t4 ,to make ! small bl[+-pipe1 drill a smoo? hole ?r\gh a piece ( iron or /eel & ream out "o side ( x4 ,cut a /rip ( ?9 copp] or s(t brass ( a wid? j en\gh to fill ! hole if x 7 made into a tube4 ,po9t "o end ( ! /rip & r\ghly =m x into a tube1 ins]t 9 ! hole & pull x ?r\gh4 ,or ! /rip c be roll$ ar\nd a piece ( iron wire =m+ x to a tube by hamm]+4 ,s(t sold] x aft] be+ =m$ to %ape4 ,bree* ,wr5*es4--,9 _m %ops ! monkey wr5* is made to d duty 9 remov+ bree*-p9s1 b at ! exp5se ( m>r+ ! p9 :]e ! wr5* engages x4 ,if _m guns ) bree*-p9s l ^? us$ 9 army guns are h&l$1 x is wor? :ile to h solid wr5*es =g$ ( iron l ,fig4 #ab4 ,! l5g? may be ab\t fifte5 in*es1 ) an op5+ to fit ! %\ld] ( ! bree*-p94 ,! wid? at ?is place may be ab\t "o & a half in*es2 ?ickness1 ab\t half an in*2 diamet] at end ( h&le1 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*1 & at ! small portions ne> ! c5tre1 ab\t half an in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ab4 ,a wr5* = remov+ pat5t bree*es or nuts f d\ble guns is made l ,fig4 #ac4 ,x consi/s ( a /eel b> ab\t fifte5 or sixte5 in*es long & ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* diamet]4 ,at a little to "o side ( ! c5t] is fa/5$ a /eel coll> t has f\r projections made at "o end4 ,a simil> piece is fitt$ opposite to x1 b is made to move back & =? to fit ! "w by means ( a screw t is =m$ beh9d :]e x is fitt$4 ,a slot is made 9 ! ext5sion ( ! piece & a key fitt$ to prev5t its turn+ ar\nd z ! nut is turn$ to advance x t[>d its fell[ piece4 ,! only sub/itute to answ] = ?is tool is to file d[n ! jaws ( a monkey wr5* s t !y w turn betwe5 ! ext5sions ( a pat5t bree* :ile ! fir/ bree* is be+ remov$4 ,?is is a poor sub/itute1 z !re is only "o h&le to turn )1 & :5 =ce is appli$ to remove ! bree* x does n h ! =ce appli$ equally to ea* side z 9 ! o!r k9d ( wr5*1 consequ5tly x is n z effective nor s easy to remove ! bree*4 ,if an ext5sion to =m ano!r h&le c\ld be improvis$ x w\ld make x mu* bett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ac4 ,! ,bit ,/ock4--,ev5 if ! gunsmi? h a la! !re is mu* "w t c be done to advantage ) a common bit-/ock4 ,b z ! drills & tools us$ 9 ! la! g5]ally h r\nd %anks by :i* to hold !m 9 ! *uck1 ! squ>e hole :]e bits & tools are held 9 ! bit /ock mu/ be fill$ by braz+ or sold]+ a piece ( iron into x & bor+ a hole to fit ! %ank ( ! la! tools4 ,x is advisable to h ^! %anks ab\t sev5-sixte5?s diamet]1 z expla9$ "u ! head+ 8,%anks ( ,tools40 ,9 hold+ small drills made ( /eel wire or twi/ drills a small drill *uck mu/ be fitt$ to ! bit /ock4 ,a small solid *uck ) a qu>t] in* hole may be made ) a %ank to fit ! sev5-sixte5? hole4 ,a set screw mu/ be fitt$ to hold ! %anks ( ! two sizes m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ad4 ,bottom+ ,tools4--,bottom+ tools are us$ = lett+ 9 locks1 cutt+ out = escut*eons1 & are useful 9 o!r places :]e a *isel _c be made to op]ate4 ,! =m ( ?is tool is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,x consi/s ( a squ>e or r\nd %ank ab\t ?ree-sixte5?s or a qu>t]-in* 9 diamet] & ab\t six in*es long4 ,at "o end a wood5 h&le is atta*$1 & ! o!r end is b5t at an angle :i* is ab\t half an in* or p]haps a little m1 & on ?is angle is ano!r "o turn$ p>allel ) ! %ank & :i* is ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* long4 ,?is is ! cutt+ end & is fa%ion$ l ! cutt+ edge ( a *isel1 & is ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* wide4 ,! bottom side1 z x w\ld be held = use1 is gr\nd flat & ! upp] side bevell$ l a *isel4 ,! cutt+ edge may be squ>e or r\nd$ to suit r\nd places z lett+ 9 ! bridle ( a lock4 ,! size giv5 is t g5]ally us$1 b if x be made ab\t twice ?is size x w be f\nd v useful 9 lett+ 9 octagon rifle b>rels2 if ! tool be made l>g] & holl[ l a g\ge x is v useful 9 lett+ 9 r\nd gun b>rels4 ,9 lett+ 9 break (f /raps x w be f\nd to take ! place ( a *isel to "s advantage4 ,*equ]+ ,tools4--,! tools us$ = *equ]+ are v simple4 ,imag9e a small saw1 or r two small saws ab\t "o in* or m long1 made at ! end ( a /raight /eel %ank4 ,! =m is giv5 9 ,fig4 #ae4 ,! d\ble saw c be made by fil+ x z "o ?ick saw & !n cutt+ a groove l5g?wise ) x4 ,9 us+1 "o blade fir/ =ms a groove & ! o!r blade works ! next cut2 z ! fir/ cut is f9i%$1 ano!r m>k is be+ made :ile s do+4 ,?is insures equal wid? ( ! cuts4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 us+ !m s z n to te> ! wood4 ,a f9e cut1 %>p edg$1 ?ree squ>e or a small half r\nd file may be us$ to f9i% ! "w if desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ae4 ,nipple ,wr5*es4--,two =ms ( nipple wr5*es are us$1 "o = squ>e & ! o!r = two-sid$ nipples4 ,! mo/ s]viceable ( ^! are made f a /raight rod ( /eel1 ) a cross h&le & an op5+ at ! opposite end to correspond ) ! squ>e on ! nipple4 ,= ! two-sid$1 a hole to receive ! r\nd "p ( ! nipple :]e ! cap goes on1 may be drill$ 9 a rod ( /eel & a slot fil$ across to receive ! %\ld]s ( ! sides4 ,! squ>e %\ld]$ k9d mu/ h a hole drill$ ( ! diamet] ( ! squ>e1 & !n be+ heat$ a squ>e pun* ( ! size ( ! squ>e is driv5 94 ,! nipples us$ = ,gov]nm5t or milit>y arms h ! squ>es l>g] ?an sport+ guns1 & ! wr5*es are g5]ally made ( a flat piece ( /eel ) a squ>e hole made ?r\gh f side to side at "o end & squ>$ to fit ! tube4 ,:5 made1 h>d5 & draw to a blue color = temp]4 ,portable ,=ge4--,! foll[+ description ( a 8home made0 portable =ge %[n 9 ,fig4 #af is giv5 by a contributor to ! ,blacksmi? & ,:eelwright3 8,9 size x is two feet squ>e & ?ree feet high2 x is made entirely ( wood2 ! bell[s are r\nd & are sixte5 & a half in*es 9 size1 cov]$ !n ) ! be/ %eep sk9s4 ,! b$ ( ! =ge consi/s ( a box six in*es deep4 ,x is support$ by corn] po/s1 all z %[n 9 ! sket*4 ,?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! bottom is a hole six in*es 9 diamet] = ! tuy]e2 ?is is ?ree in*es 9 outside diamet]1 & is six in*es high4 ,! b$ is l9$ ) brick & clay4 ,x does n heat ?r\gh4 ,! bell[s are bl[n up by means ( two half circles ) /raps f a bo>d runn+ across ! bottom1 all ( :i* w be bett] und]/ood by ref]5ce to ! sket*4 ,9 addition to protect+ ! b$ by brick & clay1 ! tuy]e is set ?r\gh a piece ( %eet iron d\bl$ & prop]ly secur$ 9 place4 ,! hood :i* surm\nts ! =ge may be made out ( old %eet iron1 & w be f\nd suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,! connection betwe5 ! tuy]e & bell[s is a t9 pipe40 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #af4 ,vise ,app5dages4--,! be/ vise = g5]al use is "o made by ,c4 ,p>k]1 ,m]id51 ,conn41 & is t]m$ a 8swivel0 vise4 ,to ! b5* is atta*$ a r\nd plate ( iron1 & on ?is plate ! vise turns to "r or left z may be desir$4 ,x is held 9 position by screw+ up a nut by means ( a h&le und]nea? ! b5*4 ,! jaws are ( /eel1 & a small projection back ( ! jaws1 =m$ l a small anvil1 is v conv5i5t = b5d+ "w or to lay "w ^u = cutt+1 work+ ) prick pun*1 etc4 ,! wid? ( jaws ( ,no4 #bb1 ! size t is mo/ conv5i5t1 is ?ree & five-eigh?s in*es1 ! weight ab\t ?irty-five or =ty p\nds1 & ! price ab\t eight doll>s1 or p]haps a little m4 ,?is vise is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ag4 ,z ! jaws ( ! vise :]e ! /eel faces come toge!r are cut l a file & temp]$1 !y w necess>ily m> or bruise ! "w4 ,pieces ( brass or copp] mu/ be b5t s z to be reta9$ 9 place & at ! same "t cov] ! file-l surface ( ! jaws4 ,pieces ( lea!r1 common belt lea!r1 ^u :i* a little beeswax has be5 spread1 may be plac$ betwe5 ! jaws1 & by =c+ !m toge!r ) ! screw ! lea!r w be reta9$ 9 place4 ,9 hold+ b>rels1 /ocks1 & = /ock+ a fixture made l ! cut1 ,fig4 #ah1 is be/4 ,two pieces ( ?9 bo>d1 or ev5 two pieces ( a wide b>rel /ave may make x4 ,! op5+ is = ! purpose ( 8/raddl+0 ! squ>e box ( ! vise t encloses ! screw4 ,nail a piece ( wood ab\t an in* & a half ?ick across ! bottom "p1 be=e ! op5+ is made1 & also nail a ?9 piece across ! top ( ! pieces1 be+ c>eful to s9k ! nail heads to z to n m> ! "w4 ,! top ends ( ! fixture mu/ come ev5 ) ! top ( ! vise jaws4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ah4 ,= hold+ screws )\t damag+ ! heads use a pair ( false jaws made ( ca/ brass1 l ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,! heads be+ held 9 ! ind5tations =m$ along ! upp] edges ( ! fixture4 ,= hold+ rods or small squ>e pieces )\t injury a simil> pair ( false jaws are made :i* are %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bj4 ,= hold+ articles t are tap]+ a fixture is requir$ l t giv5 9 ,fig4 #ba4 ,! yoke clasps ! neck ( ! vise1 & is held 9 place by a set-screw4 ,! upright p9 is receiv$ 9 ! yoke by turn+ on a screw cut = ! purpose1 & by turn+ ?is up or d[n1 ! triangul> piece at ! upp] "p is made to accommodate itself to ! height ( ! vise4 ,! back angul> corn] ( ?is piece has a be>+ aga9/ ! jaw ( ! vise1 & ! op5+ made betwe5 ! o!r jaw ( ! vise & ! front ( ?is angul> piece w be ! same z ! piece ( "w t is held betwe5 ! two4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ba4 ,%anks ( ,tools4--,! be/ two sizes = %anks ( tools are ab\t sev5-sixte5?s & ab\t qu>t]-in*4 ,two solid *ucks1 fitt$ ) set-screws1 may be made = ! la!1 & !y w be f\nd suffici5t = all k9ds ( "w4 ,if half-in* octagon /eel be us$ = ! l>g] size1 a light *ip turn$ (f = ab\t an in* & a qu>t]1 or an in* & a half1 w make ! %ank4 ,f ?is size /eel may be made l>ge drills1 ream]s1 c\nt]s9ks1 bullet *]ries1 etc4 ,! %anks ( _m o!r tools may be made to ?is /&>d4 ,:5 a bit /ock is fitt$ to hold ?is size ( %ank1 ! tools may be us$ ei!r 9 ! la! or by h& ) ! bit /ock4 ,octagon /eel1 a qu>t]-in* 9 diamet]1 may be us$ = small] tools1 or r\nd /eel rod ( ?is size may be employ$4 ,= small drills & tools1 taps1 etc41 x w be f\nd v conv5i5t4 ,no turn+ is necess>y to fit to ! solid *uck4 ,! common *eap bit /ock1 made f r\nd /eel1 may be select$1 & ! squ>e hole fill$ ) a piece ( iron & !n braz$ to make x solid4 ,a hole is !n drill$ to fit ! sev5-sixte5?s %ank4 ,a solid *uck is to be made to fit ?is1 & drill$ ) a qu>t]-in* hole to fit ! small] siz$ %anks4 ,?is solid *uck w also fit ! *uck = ! la!4 ,if b>rel bor+ tools1 quick bor+ ream]s1 be made ) ! l>g] siz$ %ank1 !y c be us$ bo? 9 ! la! & ) ! bit /ock4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,"w ,,b5*4 ,mat]ial = ! ,"w ,b5*4--,! fir/ ?+ to d 9 fitt+ up a %op is to put up a "w b5*4 ,d n make a rude affair ( an unplan$ plank & a r\gh bo>d1 b let x be se5 t y fitt$ up y\r b5* = use1 & at ! same "t s\ght to h x neat & durable4 ,a plank two in*es ?ick is heavy en\gh1 yet 9 "s respects x is light en\gh2 = ! front portion ( ! b5* twelve or f\rte5 in*es is a good wid?4 ,p9e wood makes a v good b5*1 b z x is s(t1 x w absorb oil1 & 9 "t w become black & dirty4 ,z a rem$y = ?is1 give x two or ?ree coats ( %ellac v>ni%4 ,! be/ b5* is made f a h>d or sug> maple plank t has be5 well season$ & has be5 plan$ true 9 a plan+ ma*9e4 ,a% wood does v well1 s does bee*4 ,oak is n good2 x absorbs grease & dirt readily1 & if /ruck mu* ) a hamm] w soon %[ spl9t]s1 ! fibres ( ! wood easily sep>at+ by ! bl[s4 ,a h>d maple plank has "o advantage2 aft] be+ disc>d$ z a b5*1 x w make good rifle /ocks2 ! ye>s ( use w s season x t x w be valuable4 ,= t "p ( ! b5*--t is1 back ( ! two-in* plank--use a bo>d t5 or twelve in*es wide4 ,select p9e or any o!r k9d t fancy may dictate4 ,calculate ! plank & bo>d s t ! wid? ( ! b5* w be tw5ty-two or tw5ty-f\r in*es4 ,h[ to ,make ! ,"w ,b5*4--,= supports = ! b5* use #b #d in* /udd+1 su* z c>p5t]s use 9 h\se build+4 ,p9e1 oak or any o!r mat]ial w answ]4 ,plane smoo? on all sides4 ,= ea* support cut ?ree pieces2 two ( ! height ( ! b5*1 & "o ab\t an in* less ?an ! wid?1 s t :5 ! b5* is made ! plank 9 front projects an in* or s 9 front ( ! supports4 ,z ! %ort piece on :i* ! b5* re/s is f\r in*es wide1 cut away half ( ! ?ickness ( ! uprights ( ?is wid? at ! upp] end1 & cut en\gh 9 l5g? to receive ! %ort piece1 :5 x is halv$ toge!r--z is ! t]m us$--?us mak+ x f\r in*es ?ick :5 put 9 place4 ,fa/5 ) nails or screws--! latt] be+ ! be/ fa/5+4 ,to keep ^! uprights /eady1 nail a piece ( bo>d ab\t ?ree in*es wide1 & ab\t twelve in*es f ! bottom1 f front to ! re> upright4 ,on ^! pieces a bo>d or two may be plac$1 ) ! o!r end re/+ ^u a neighbor+ support1 & x =ms a conv5i5t %elf ^u :i* to place boxes & o!r ?+s t w soon accumulate 9 any %op4 ,! height ( b5* f ! floor may be ab\t two feet & t5 in*es & a half4 ,?is w be f\nd to be ! mo/ conv5i5t height4 ,putt+ ! ,vise 9 ,place4--,9 putt+ ! vise 9 place1 fix x on ! b5* f> en\gh 9 front s t if a gun /ock or b>rel 7 held upright 9 ! jaws x w n t\* ! b5*4 ,if !re be a w9d[ 9 front1 put x a little to ! left ( ! w9d[4 ,! light w !n %9e m on ! "r side ( ! vise1 & consequ5tly x w be m easy to di/+ui% l9es or m>ks t may be made on "w held 9 ! jaws1 z x is m conv5i5t to look on ! "r side ( "w to see :at is be+ done ?an on ! left4 ,! height ( ! vise at ! top ( ! jaws %\ld be on a level ) ! elb[ ( ! p]son :o is to "w at x4 ,9 no in/ance try to "w ) ! jaws ( ! vise high] ?an ! elb[s z ! workman /&s erect be=e x4 ,! reason is ?is3 z ! workman grasps ! file h&le 9 ! "r h& & ! po9t ( ! file 9 ! left1 ! arms are 9 a natural position1 & c be ?ru/ =w>d & br\ght back 9 a horizontal l9e4 ,if ! elb[s 7 to be rais$ f ! natural position ! horizontal =w>d & back motion c\ld n be made ) facility4 ,place = ,draw]4--,a few in*es to ! "r ( ! vise is ! be/ location = a draw]4 ,?is is g5]ally op5$ or drawn out ) ! "r h&1 & :5 s plac$ c be readily op5$ ) t h& )\t /epp+ to "o side4 ,! ,gun ,brace4--,a gun brace1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb1 is made f a piece ( in* & a half or two in* plank1 ) its upp] edge ( a height ab\t an in* less ?an ! height ( ! vise jaws4 ,x is h+$ or pivot$ by a s+le screw pass+ ?r\gh ! end ( ! bottom ext5sion1 ?is screw pass+ into ! b5*1 ! brace turn+ freely ^u x4 ,x c be swung ar\nd back out ( ! way1 & :5 ne$$ = use is turn$ 9 front1 & is ready to support a b>rel or gun /ock :i* is held 9 ! vise4 ,?is brace is put to ! "r ( ! vise1 b if ano!r "o l x is put 9 ! left side x w be f\nd useful at times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bb4 ,9 cutt+ out gun-/ocks f ! plank1 _m times pieces ( j ! "r =m = ^! braces w be f\nd among ! 8scraps0 t w be made4 ,! %ape is ( little mom5t s long z !y are ( ! prop] height & h an ext5sion ?r\gh :i* to put ! pivot screw4 ,to ,dead5 ! ,noise ( ,hamm]+4--,9 %ops1 especially if ! "w-room be 9 an upp] /ory1 to dead5 ! noise ( hamm]+1 etc41 put pieces ( rubb] "u ! legs ( "w b5*es1 ! feet ( la!s1 anvil-block1 etc4 ,if rubb] _c be obta9$1 any wool5 texture z felt or ?ick loose-made clo? may answ] ! purpose1 b n ) s good results z ! rubb]4 ,! anvil may be set 9 a tub made by cutt+ (f ! top ( a b>rel to ! "r height & fill+ x ne>ly full ( s& or e>?4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,on ,,work+ ,,9 ,,iron4 ,h&-,=g+4--,two rates ( heat figure 9 ?is op]ation4 ,if ! object is m]ely a smoo?+ ( ! surface ( ! iron1 ! 8*]ry-r$ heat10 s-call$1 is ! rate want$4 ,! "w ( smoo?+ is p]=m$ by /rik+ lightly & ev5ly ) ! h&-hamm]1 until ! desir$ condition is secur$4 ,! same degree ( heat is employ$ :]e hamm]-h>d5+ ! iron is "o ( ! objects to be obta9$2 9 ?is case ! bl[s ) ! hamm] mu/ be heavi] ?an 9 ! case fir/ nam$4 ,if ! =g+ is to ext5d to a mat]ial *ange 9 ! %ape ( ! iron1 ! rate ( heat mu/ be mu* high]2 x mu/ be increas$ to :at smi?s call ! 8:ite flame heat40 ,! hamm]+ mu/ be mu* heavi]1 ( c\rse2 if ! piece is l>ge a sl$ge-hamm] mu/ be br\ght into requisition4 ,b ! gunsmi? w seldom h "w heavy en\gh to dem& ! aid ( an assi/ant ) a sl$ge-hamm]4 ,weld+4--,! 8weld+0 or 8sp>kl+ heat0 is requir$ 9 ?is process1 :i* is a high] degree ( heat ?an ei!r nam$ 9 ! =go+4 ,9 secur+ ?is heat1 ! metal is br\ght ne>ly to a /ate ( fusion2 :i* condition is made kn[n by its sp>kl+1 & pres5t+ ! appe>ance ( be+ cov]$ ) a glaze1 or a fre% coat ( v>ni%4 ,s soon z ! two pieces ( iron to be weld$ toge!r h bo? atta9$ to ?is necess>y degree ( heat1 !y are tak5 f ! fire ) ! utmo/ dispat*1 ! scales or dirt :i* w\ld h9d] _! incorporation scrap$ (f1 plac$ 9 contact at ! heat$ po9t1 & hamm]$ until a union has be5 effect$1 & no seam or fissure rema9s visible4 ,if ! fir/ ef=t fails to unite !m suffici5tly1 !y mu/ be reheat$ & rehamm]$ until ! desir$ end is secur$4 ,! fire = weld+ %\ld be free f sulphur2 & ! iron1 :ile heat+1 %\ld be tak5 out n[ & !n & spr9kl$ ov] at ! po9t ( greate/ heat ) p[d]$ glass1 or ) p[d]$ borax4 ,a small proportion ( s& or p[d]$ clay is sometimes mix$ ) ! borax4 ,^! applications t5d to prev5t ! iron f runn+ or burn+1 & !y are suppos$ to assi/ ! adhesion :5 ! two pieces are br\ght toge!r 9 ! act ( weld+4 ,h>d5+ ,iron by ,hamm]+4--,iron may be h>d5$ to ! "* ( a pretty fair spr+ metal by simply hamm]+ x ?or\ghly :ile 9 a cold /ate4 ,_m ( ! *eap spiral spr+s 9 use1 z ^? atta*$ to small bells = ! purpose ( imp>t+ a vibratory motion1 are h>d5$ or /iff5$ 9 ?is way4 ,!y are fir/ cut f s(t %eet-iron & !n hamm]$ into ! requir$ h>dness4 ,"s heat to a *]ry r$ & hamm] to & aft] entire coldness4 ,case-,h>d5+4--,! v>i\s p>ts ( gun m\nt+s1 su* z gu>ds1 heel plates1 etc41 & ! diff]5t p>ts ( locks1 su* z hamm]s1 tumbl]s1 trigg]s & plates1 z receiv$ by ! gunsmi? f ! manufactur] or deal] 9 su* articles1 are g5]ally 9 ! r\gh or p>tially f9i%$ condition4 ,_m gunsmi?s1 p>ticul>ly ^? 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e !re is m or less a class ( *eap "w1 f9i% up ^! p>ts ) a file & a little h& poli%+1 & :5 ! "w is put toge!r h& x ov] to ! cu/om]4 ,n only tumbl]s & trigg]s1 b ev5 se>s & tubes are f9i%$ up 9 ?is mann]4 ,z ^! p>ts are almo/ always made ( s(t iron1 ! result is !y soon we> & h to be repair$4 ,! gunsmi? :o does good "w w ?or\ghly case-h>d5 ! p>ts :5 !y are fitt$ & f9i%$1 & by s do+ w turn out a really good piece ( "w t w we> z well z h>d5$ /eel4 ,:y ! majority ( ! trade d n case-h>d5 _! "w _c v well be expla9$1 unless !y are ignorant ( ! process or d n c>e to be put to ! tr\ble ( do+ x4 ,x is true x may be made a t$i\s job or a quick & easy "o4 ,"s gunsmi?s1 :5 su* "w is f9i%$1 heat x r$ hot1 sme> x ) prussiate ( pota% or cyanide ( potassium1 & :ile hot1 plunge x into cold wat]1 lett+ x *ill4 ,?is produces a sup]ficially h>d5$ surface t is n 8sk9 deep10 & z soon z ?is surface becomes abrad$ w we> away rapidly4 ,if ! case-h>d5+ ( ! exp]t manufactur] be exam9$1 x w be obs]v$ t ! surface ( su* "w has a f9e grayi% appe>ance1 & 9 _m places mottl$ ) color$ t9ts t are pleas+ & beautiful to ! me*anical eye4 ,x w be fur!r obs]v$ t ! h>d5+ is ( su* dep? t x w we> = a long "t4 ,9 fact x w we> bett] ?an h>d5$ /eel4 ,! condition ( ! mat]ial is t ( a h>d5$ /eel surface /ret*$ ov] & %runk ^u ! iron body ( ! "w4 ,x is /rong] ?an /eel1 = x has ! t5acity ( iron = its int]ior4 ,x has ! advantage ( /eel1 inasmu* z x may be b5t :5 cold to a limit$ degree1 & :5 s h>d5$ w n break z readily z /eel4 ,?is prop]ty ( b5d+ is n conf9$ to all articles1 z !y may case-h>d5 entirely ?r\gh1 & !n !y w be v brittle & easily brok51 b by draw+ !m to temp] aft] h>d5+1 9 ! same mann] z a tool is drawn to temp]1 !y may be ( any h>dness desir$4 ,a good way to ,case-,h>d54--,! easie/ & p]haps ! be/ way to case-h>d5 gun "w is to h a numb] ( %ort pieces ( common gas pipe1 su* z w be adapt$ to ! size or quantity ( ! "w1 & h "o end ( ^! pieces securely plugg$ or clos$4 ,"o way w be to heat ! pipe & close by flatt5+ ! end ) a hamm] on ! anvil1 b x is a 8sl\*y0 way ( do+ x4 ,a neat] way is to h a gas fitt] cut a ?read 9 ! pipe & !n screw 9 a plug1 su* z are us$ to close ends ( gas pipe2 if su* _c be obta9$1 drive 9 a ca/-iron plug & upset ! end ( ! pipe s t x w n readily come out4 ,9 ^! pieces ( pipe place ! "w1 pack+ x well ) good1 f9e bone-du/1 su* z is us$ by f>m]s = f]tiliz+ l&4 ,be c>eful to s pack t ! diff]5t pieces ( "w w n t\* ea* o!r4 ,/op ! op5 end ( ! pipe ) a cov]1 b 9 su* a mann] z to be readily op5$2 place ! pipe & its cont5ts 9 a good fire1 lett+ x rema9 at a r$ heat = fifte5 m9utes or m1 dep5d5t ^u ! ?ickness ( ! articles or ! dep? !y %\ld be h>d5$4 ,remove f ! fire & quickly empty ! cont5ts ( ! pipe into a pail ( cold wat]4 ,if pieces ( gas pipe _c v well be obta9$1 ?imbles f old c>riage hubs may be us$ in/ead4 ,plug up ! small end1 fit a cov] to ! l>ge end & use z if x 7 gas pipe4 ,z ^! ?imbles are made ( ca/ iron !y w n be> ! r\gh usage nor ! heat t wr\ght iron w )/&4 ,common ca/ malleable iron makes ! be/ receptacles to conta9 "w = case-h>d5+4 ,articles ( malleable iron & ca/ iron are z easily case-h>d5$ z wr\ght iron4 ,a poor quality ( /eel is b5efit$ by ! op]ation1 z ! metal imbibes c>bon 9 :i* x 0 be=e defici5t4 ,mat]ial = ,case-,h>d5+4--,= case-h>d5+1 bone-du/ is ! article mo/ readily obta9$ & x is clean & neat to use2 b x w n produce ! mottl$ t9ts t *>r$ or burn$ lea!r w give4 ,! lea!r may be prep>$ by cutt+ up old %oes or boots1 putt+ !m 9 an old pan & sett+ ! mass on fire4 ,let x burn until x is a *>coal t w readily crumble 9 pieces by us+ a little =ce4 ,gr9d ?is *>coal to a f9e p[d] by p\nd+ 9 a mort> or by runn+ x ?r\gh an old c(fee or spice mill4 ,pack ! "w ) ! p[d]1 ! same z bone-du/4 ,bone-black may be us$ ! same z bone-du/1 b x is n v satisfactory 9 its results4 ,x is also dirty to use & to h ar\nd a %op4 ,ivory du/ w also answ] ! same purpose z bone-du/4 ,gun gu>ds1 /raps1 & long pieces ( "w w become %ort] by case-h>d5+1 & x is be/ n to fit su* pieces into ! /ock until aft] !y are h>d5$4 ,if x be desir$ to h a portion ( ! "w left s(t & ! o!r p>ts h>d5$1 securely cov] ! places to be left s(t1 ) a coat+ ( moi/ clay1 & ?is w prev5t ! h>d5+ mat]ial f com+ 9 contact1 &1 consequ5tly1 x w h no opportunity to absorb c>bon & h>d5 :5 put 9 ! cold wat]4 ,x may also be obs]v$ t articles t are case-h>d5$ w n ru/ s readily z ^? n s treat$4 ,if ! articles be q ?9 & !re be dang] ( _! crack+ by sudd5 *ill+1 ! wat] may be w>m$ a little1 or a film ( oil may be spread on ! wat] :i* w t5d to prev5t a too sudd5 contraction ( ! articles :ile cool+4 ,if x be desir$ to h ! "w pres5t ! colors or mottl$ t9ts z se5 on "s k9ds ( case-h>d5$ gun "w1 ! surface ( ! "w be=e be+ put 9 ! receptacles conta9+ ! burnt lea!r1 mu/ be nicely poli%$ & !n buff$ or burni%$4 ,! high] ! f9i% ! m brilliant w be ! colors4 ,9 us+ prussiate ( pota% to case-h>d51 ! pota% mu/ be f9ely p[d]$1 ! "w heat$ & dipp$ 91 or if ! "w be l>ge ! pota% mu/ be spread ov] x4 ,! "w mu/ be hot en\gh to fuse ! pota%1 & if x become some:at cold by remov+ f ! fire x mu/ be reheat$1 remov$ quickly f ! fire & qu5*$ 9 cold wat]4 ,ano!r way to ,case-,h>d54--,collect su* articles ( animal orig9 z c[s' horns1 or ho(s ( ei!r c[s or horses1 or lea!r trimm+s f ab\t ! %oe-%ops1 or old ca/ (f boots or %oes1 & burn !m until suffici5tly *>r$ to admit ( be+ easily p\nd$ into a p[d]4 ,hav+ f9i%$ up ! article to be h>d5$1 ready = ! f9al poli%1 place x 9 an iron box1 & surr\nd x completely on all sides by a pack+ ( ! p[d]4 ,p\r into ! box1 until ! p[d] is made moi/1 a saturat$ solution ( common salt 9 ur9e4 ,next close ! box & seal x until airtight1 ) wet & well-work$ clay1 !n put x into ! furnace & bl[ up gradually until heat$ to a *]ry r$4 ,don't run ! heat any high]1 b hold x at t ab\t five m9utes1 !n take out & plunge at once into ! slack-tub4 ,by ?is means a piece ( s(t malleable iron is r5d]$ z h>d z h>d5$ /eel4 ,"s workm5 cont5d t ! salt solution is ( no p>ticul> importance--t j z good results w come ( pack+ 9 ! animal *>coal alone4 ,! iron box1 ?\gh v conv5i5t :5 a good deal ( case-h>d5+ is to be done1 is n an absolute necessity4 ,if ! article1 surr\nd$ by ! animal *>coal1 is incas$ 9 a ball ( /iff & well-work$ clay1 & !n expos$ to ! prop] heat & slack+1 ! results w be ! same z if heat$ 9 an iron box4 ,ano!r ,=mula4--,9 e>li] times1 :5 guns 7 m 9 use ?an ei!r agricultural or me*anical implem5ts1 & !re 0 a gunsmi?'s %op at almo/ e cross-road1 !y _h a way ( case-h>d5+ t 0 mu* m simple ?an ei!r ( ! =ego+1 & yet q effectual4 ,scraps ( old lea!r1 z cut f old boots or %oes1 7 tightly wrapp$ & ti$ ar\nd ! piece ( iron to be made h>d1 to ! ext5t ( sev]al ?icknesses4 ,ar\nd ?is 0 plac$ a lay] ( s& & salt 9 equal proportions1 to ! ?ickness ( half an in*4 ,! s& & salt 0 damp5$ ) wat] to make x /ick toge!r4 ,a lay] ( pla/ic clay1 an in* 9 ?ickness1 0 work$ ar\nd ! :ole1 & ! ball1 s made1 0 expos$ to heat at ab\t ! *]ry-r$ degree1 suffici5tly long to consume ! lea!r1 :5 x 0 dropp$ sudd5ly into ! slack-tub4 ,/ill ,ano!r ,=mula4--,make a p[d] ( pulv]iz$ prussiate ( pota%1 sal-ammoniac & saltpetre 9 equal p>ts4 ,heat ! iron to *]ry-r$ & spr9kle ?or\ghly on all sides ) ! p[d]1 !n imm$iately plunge into ! slack-tub4 ,"s smi?s cont5d t ! pulv]iz$ prussiate ( pota%1 us$ 9 ! same way1 is entirely effectual )\t ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,to ,*ill ,ca/ ,iron4--,make a p[d] by pulv]iz+ toge!r1 salt1 #b lbs42 saltpetre1 lb42 alum1 lb42 ammonia1 #d ozs41 & salts ( t>t>1 #d ozs4 ,heat ! iron to *]ry-r$1 spr9kle ?or\ghly ) ! p[d] & !n plunge into cold wat]4 ,ano!r ,mode4--,make a solution by dissolv+ 9 #aj gallons ( s(t wat]1 salt1 #a peck2 oil vitriol1 p9t2 saltpetre1 lb42 prussiate ( pota%1 lb41 & cyanide ( potassium1 lb4 ,heat ! iron to *]ry-r$ & plunge at once into ! cold solution4 ,?is makes ca/ iron h>d en\gh to cut glass1 & is ! me?od usually resort$ to = h>d5+ ! *eap ca/-iron glass cutt]s1 n[ s common on ! m>ket4 ,to ,s(t5 ,wr\ght ,iron4--,heat ! iron ) a sl[ bla/ to a d>k-r$1 !n p\r ^u ! burn+ coals half a p9t ( fluoric acid4 ,keep up ! bla/ g5tly1 )\t increas+ ! degree ( heat1 until all sign ( ! acid has disappe>$1 !n lay out ! iron to cool gradually ( itself4 ,alloy = ,fill+ ,holes 9 ,iron4--,melt toge!r n9e p>ts lead1 two p>ts antimony & "o "p bismu?4 ,p\r into ! hole :ile 9 a molt5 /ate1 or drive 9 :ile ! iron is some:at hot4 ,?is alloy possesses ! peculi>ity ( exp&+ z x cools1 consequ5tly ! plug tight5s z its temp]ature falls4 ,to ,h>d5 ,iron = ,poli%+4--,pulv]ize & dissolve ! foll[+-nam$ articles 9 "o qu>t ( boil+ wat]3 blue vitriol1 #a ounce2 borax1 #a ounce2 prussiate ( pota%1 #a ounce2 *>coal1 #a ounce1 & common salt1 p9t4 ,add to ?is #a gallon raw l9se$ oil4 ,hav+ f9i%$ up ! article ready = poli%+1 heat x to a *]ry-r$1 & plunge into ! mixture2 a rapid /irr+ ( ! mixture %\ld be go+ on at ! "t :5 ! plunge is made4 ,?is prep>ation h>d5s ! iron to su* a degree t x takes & reta9s poli% almo/ equal to ! be/ ( /eel4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,on ,,work+ ,,9 ,,/eel4 ,h&-,=g+ ,/eel4--,9 ! ma9 ?is does n diff] mat]ially f ! same "w 9 iron4 ,special c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to h ! fire cle> ( sulphur1 h5ce *>coal is ! be/ fuel to use4 ,9 cases :]e ! use ( bitum9\s coal _c be avoid$1 ! fire %\ld be bl[$ up = sev]al m9utes be=e putt+ 9 ! /eel1 to drive (f ! sulphur4 ,/eel to be =g$ %\ld n be heat$ to s high a degree z is employ$ = iron2 = ord9>y light "w a little above a *]ry-r$ is en\gh4 ,x does n "w well "u a high degree ( heat2 &1 to make am5ds1 x c be work$ mu* cold] ?an iron4 ,9 fact1 x is always be/ to hamm] x ) light bl[s until ! r$ color ( ! heat has entirely disappe>$1 z ?is improves its texture by add+ decid$ly to ! clos5ess ( ! gra94 ,weld+ ,/eel4--,! common me?od employ$ = weld+ iron to iron is (t5 resort$ to = weld+ /eel to /eel1 b a great deal m c>e is necess>y to success 9 ! latt] ?an 9 ! =m] case4 ,!re mu/ be mu* precision s f> z relates to ! rate ( heat1 z ! m>g9 = v>iation is extremely small4 ,if ! temp]ature is n high en\gh !re w be no adhesion1 ( c\rse2 & if x atta9s to only a few degrees above :at is actually necess>y1 ! /eel ei!r 8runs0 & is ru9$1 or is ru9$ by go+ into an unworkable condition kn[n z 8burnt40 ,x sometimes becomes necess>y to weld /eel & iron toge!r2 ?is may be effect$ by ! same process z t employ$ 9 weld+ /eel to /eel4 ,none b workm5 ( ?or\gh exp]i5ce w\ld be apt to succe$ 9 ei!r case1 on ! old plan ( proce$+ ! same z 9 weld+ iron to iron4 ,b /eel may be m easily weld$ ?an on ! old plan by ! employm5t ( c]ta9 weld+ compositions4 ,"o ( !m consi/s ( half a p\nd ( saltpetre dissolv$ 9 half a p\nd ( oil ( vitriol1 & aft]w>ds add$ to two gallons ( s(t wat]4 ,heat ! pieces to a *]ry-r$1 !n plunge !m into ?is composition2 aft] :i* proce$ to reheat & weld 9 ! usual way4 ,at ! weld+ ! /rokes ( ! hamm] %\ld be quick & light4 ,ano!r composition is made by pulv]iz+ toge!r t5 p>ts ( borax & "o "p ( sal-ammoniac4 ,?or\ghly melt ! composition s made 9 an iron pot1 !n p\r out ^u "s level surface to cool4 ,:5 cool$ gr9d to a f9e p[d]4 ,heat ! pieces ( /eel & spr9kle ?is weld+ p[d] ov] !m2 !n return to ! fire1 & aga9 heat up1 & x is ready to g toge!r "u ! hamm]4 ,"s smi?s claim to weld /eel successfully by du/+ ov] ! heat$ pieces a p[d] compos$ ( cle> :ite s&1 #b lbs41 & pla/] ( ,p>is1 #a lb42 !n reheat+ & proce$+ 9 ! usual way4 ,9 weld+ /eel to iron ! =ego+ processes are employ$ ! same z if bo? pieces 7 /eel4 ,temp]+4--,heat ! /eel to a bright *]ry-r$1 & plunge x at once into cold wat]4 ,x w !n be z h>d z fire & wat] c\ld make x1 & too h>d = any?+ except h>d5$ be>+s = ma*9]y1 or = "s k9d ( implem5ts necess>y to be extremely h>d1 z tools = cutt+ glass1 & ! l4 ,9 ?is condition x is almo/ z brittle z glass itself1 & h5ce w\ld n /& = mo/ ( ! uses to :i* temp]$ /eel is appli$4 ,its great degree ( h>dness mu/1 !re=e1 be r$uc$ to ! prop] /&>d1 dep5d+ ^u :at x is to be us$ =4 ,?is is done by heat+ & closely obs]v+ ! result+ colors z !y appe> ^u ! metal4 ,if ! piece "u process is an edge-tool ( consid]able bulk1 only ! cutt+-edge1 & a little back ( x1 is plung$ into ! wat] at ! h>d5+1 ! re/ ( ! implem5t be+ left /ill hot4 ,x is !n held into ! light & obs]v$ closely1 :5 ! diff]5t colors1 indicat+ ! diff]5t degrees ( h>dness1 w be se5 mov+ sl[ly1 "o aft] ! o!r1 d[n t[>ds ! edge1 driv5 by ! heat /ill left 9 ! "p ( ! metal n plung$4 ,:5 ! color want$ has rea*$ ! edge1 ! entire piece is plung$ into ! slack-tub1 :i* /ops fur!r action ( ! heat1 & e/abli%es ! requir$ degree ( h>dness exactly :]e x is desir$4 ,b v light articles & implem5ts _c be temp]$ 9 ?is way1 z !y w n reta9 suffici5t heat to drive ! colors2 x w be necess>y to reheat !m gradually 9 "s way to make ! colors move4 ,v light pieces1 z drills & ! l1 are be/ temp]$ 9 a _s or alcohol lamp2 aft] hav+ be5 h>d5$ !y %\ld be held 9 ! flame ( ! lamp a little back ( ! po9t or cutt+-edge1 :i* w enable ! op]ator to note ! movem5t ( ! colors4 ,9 ?is case 8 actions1 s f> z ! colors are conc]n$1 w be gov]n$ ! same z 9 ! o!r4 ,small articles to be temp]$ alike all ov] may be plac$ ^u a bit ( %eet-iron1 aft] h>d5+1 & ! iron held ov] ! fire ( ! =ge1 or directly ov] ! flame ( ! lamp1 until ! requir$ color has appe>$1 :5 !y mu/ be quickly plung$ into ! wat]4 ,on l>ge articles ! colors w be (t5 s /rongly m>k$ z to be readily se5 on ! surface ( ! metal1 r\gh1 j z x came f ! hamm]1 b 9 small articles !y w be some:at fa9t2 h5ce x is be/ to give small articles a slight poli% be=e expos+ !m to heat = draw+ ! temp]4 ,n9e %ades ( color w pres5t !mselves "o aft] ! o!r z a piece ( ?or\ghly-h>d5$ /eel is expos$ to gradually-increas+ heat4 ,!y are3 #a4 ,v fa9t yell[1 appe>+ at a temp]ature ( #dcj ,fahr5heit4 ,if slack$ at ?is color1 ! piece w be v h>d1 hav+ a temp] admirably suit$ to drills = work+ 9 h>d metals or h>d /one4 #b4 ,pale /raw-color--#dej4 ,/ill v h>d1 suitable = ! faces ( hamm]s & anvils4 #c4 ,full yell[--#dgj4 ,%e>s & scissors4 #d4 ,br[n--#dij4 ,grav]s & turn+-tools = h>d metals2 also p]cussion-lock gun tubes4 #e4 ,br[n1 ) purple spots--#eaj4 ,wood-work+ tools & mo/ ( ! /eel p>ts 9 a gun-lock ) ! exception ( ! spr+s2 also knives ( all sorts = cutt+ wood4 #f4 ,purple--#ech4 ,but*]-knives & o!r fle%-cutt+ implem5ts4 #g4 ,d>k blue--#eej4 ,tools requir+ /rong cutt+-edges )\t extreme h>dness1 z case-knives4 #h4 ,full blue--#efj4 ,*opp+-axes4 #i4 ,grayi% blue1 v]g+ on black--#fjj4 ,spr+s1 saws1 swords1 & ! l4 ,v>i\s o!r me?ods ( temp]+ /eel are sometimes recomm5d$1 z ) oils1 tall[1 lead1 m]cury & div]s solutions2 b s9ce ! matt]-(-fact gunsmi? w f9d use = none ( !m1 x is n deem$ prop] to encumb] ?is book ) any?+ fur!r on ! subject ( temp]+4 ,x might be well to /ate1 h[ev]1 t ! h>de/ degree to :i* /eel c be br\ght is secur$ by heat+ ! piece to a light yell[ & in/antly plung+ x into cold m]cury4 ,to ,re/ore 8,burnt0 ,/eel4--,pulv]ize toge!r two p>ts horn or ho( fil+s2 "o "p sal ammoniac2 "o "p *>coal1 & "o "p common soda4 ,:5 ?or\ghly gr\nd toge!r1 "w 9 tall[ en\gh to make a k9d ( wax or pa/e4 ,br+ ! damag$ /eel to a bright *]ry-r$ heat1 & !n cov] ) ! pa/e1 leav+ x to cool gradually4 ,! process may be repeat$ sev]al times ) pr(it if consid]$ necess>y4 ,:ile a piece ( badly-burnt /eel may n be entirely re/or$ by ?is process1 x c be mu* improv$4 ,entire re/oration is sc>cely possible4 ,anneal+ ,/eel4--,heat ! /eel to a *]ry-r$ 9 a *>coal fire1 ! la/ ?+ to be done be=e quitt+ "w at ! =ge = ! day or night2 !n smo!r ! fire d[n ) a ?ick lay] ( a%es or sawdu/1 leav+ ! /eel 91 j z heat$4 ,let s rema9 until ! fire is all out1 & ! /eel entirely cool1 :i* w require sev]al h\rs4 ,"s smi?s use a piece ( gas-pipe 9 :i* to heat small /eel articles = anneal+1 claim+ t x is v advantage\s4 ,!y put ! piece into ! pipe & heat to a *]ry r$1 look+ 9 occasionally to asc]ta9 :5 x has atta9$ to t temp]ature2 !n !y cov] ! fire1 pipe & all1 & leave x to cool z 9 ! o!r case4 ,to ,blue ,/eel4--,poli% ! article to be blu$1 !n place x ^u a /rip ( %eet iron & heat sl[ly ov] a =ge fire or lamp1 until ! desir$ blue color appe>s4 ,let cool1 & ! color w rema9 p]man5t4 ,to ,remove ,blue ,color f ,/eel4--,imm]se = a few m9utes 9 a liquid compos$ ( equal p>ts muriatic acid & oil ( vitriol4 ,r9se 9 pure wat] & rub dry ) *amois sk9 or "s k9d ( s(t clo?4 ,temp]+ ,knife ,blades4--,to heat ! blades lay !m 9 a cle> *>coal fire1 ) ! cutt+ edge d[nw>ds1 & heat v sl[ly4 ,x is n p>ticul> if ! back ( ! blade1 :i* is upp]mo/1 is s v hot or n4 ,h>d5 9 clean luke-w>m wat]4 ,if _m blades are to be h>d5$ at once1 lay a numb] 9 ! fire & remove "o at a "t z !y are prop]ly heat$4 ,to temp]1 bright5 "o side on a gr9d/one or em]y :eel s t ! temp] color c be se51 & lay ! blades 9 ! fire1 or on an iron plate heat$ ov] ! fire1 ) ! backs d[n & ! cutt+ edges upp]mo/4 ,on ! plate place wood a%es or f9e s& to help keep ! blades 9 prop] position1 & also facilitate ev5 draw+4 ,:5 ! prop] color is se5 on ! bright5$ portion ( ! cutt+ edge1 remove & cool 9 cold wat]4 ,:5 an extra t\gh blade is want$1 aft] x is h>d5$1 h&le x s t x w n draw any l[] aft] remov+ f ! fire1 & let x cool )\t putt+ 9 wat]4 ,long blades1 :5 !y are be+ drawn1 c be /raight5$1 if necess>y1 by putt+ !m betwe5 two p9s 9 ! anvil or p9s fix$ 9 an iron block & b5d+ betwe5 ^! until /raight1 wett+ ! blade ) a clo? or sponge saturat$ ) wat]1 :5 ! blade is ?us /raight5$4 ,surpris+ z x may seem1 :5 h>d5$ /eel is be+ drawn1 x c be b5t to q an ext5t1 & :5 cool$ w rema9 z b5t4 ,file mak]s /raight5 files 9 ?is mann]4 ,sword blades & blades ( but*]s' knives und]go ! same process ( manipulation to be made /raight4 ,! ,lead ,ba? = ,temp]+4--,among ! _m secrets ( temp]+ is ! employm5t ( ! lead ba?1 :i* is simply a quantity ( molt5 lead1 conta9$ 9 a suitable receptacle & kept hot ov] a fire4 ,! uses ( ?is ba? are _m4 ,= in/ance1 if x be desir$ to heat an article t is ?ick 9 "o portion & ?9 9 ano!r1 e "o :o has _h exp]i5ce 9 su* "w kn[s h[ difficult x is to heat ! ?ick portion )\t ov]heat+ ! ?9 "p4 ,if ! lead ba? be made & kept at a r$ heat1 no matt] h[ ?ick ! article may be1 provid$ suffici5t "t be giv51 bo? ! ?ick & ?9 p>ts w be ev5ly & equally heat$1 & at ! same "t get no hott] ?an ! ba? 9 :i* !y are imm]s$4 ,= heat+ ?9 cutt+ blades1 spr+s1 surgical in/rum5ts1 s(t5+ ! tangs ( tools1 etc41 ?is ba? is unequal$4 ,if a portion ( an article be requir$ to be left s(t1 z ! end ( a spr+ t is to be b5t or rivet$1 ! entire may be temp]$1 & ! end to be s(t may be safely drawn 9 ! lead ba? to ! l[e/ po9t t /eel c be anneal$ )\t di/urb+ 9 ! lea/ ! temp] ( ! "p n plung$ 9 ! ba?4 ,spr+s1 or articles made ( spr+ brass1 may be treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,"o great advantage 9 us+ ! lead ba? is t !re is no risk ( breakage or %r9kage ( ! metal at ! wat] l9e1 z is (t5 ! case :5 temp]$ by ! me?od ( heat+ & *ill+ 9 cold wat]4 ,z lead sl[ly oxidizes at a r$ heat1 two me?ods may be us$ to prev5t x4 ,"o is to cov] ! surface ( ! lead ) a lay] ( f9e *>coal or ev5 wood a%es4 ,ano!r & a bett] plan1 :5 ! "w w admit ( its use1 is to float on ! top ( ! lead a ?9 iron plate1 fitt+ ! vessel 9 :i* ! lead is conta9$1 b hav+ a hole 9 ! c5tre or on "o side1 z mo/ conv5i5t1 & l>ge en\gh to readily admit ! articles to be temp]$ or s(t5$4 ,te/ = ,good ,/eel4--,break ! b> ( /eel & obs]ve ! gra91 :i* 9 good /eel %\ld be f9e & pres5t a silv]y look1 ) sometimes an exfoliat$ or leaf-l appe>ance4 ,"o ( ! be/ te/s ( /eel is to make a cold *isel f ! b> to be te/$1 & :5 c>efully temp]$ 7be c>eful n to ov]heat71 try x ^u a piece ( wr\ght iron b>4 ,! bl[s giv5 w pretty correctly tell its t5acity & capability ( hold+ temp]4 ,rememb] ! temp] y gave x1 & if x proves t\gh & s]viceable1 take ?is temp] z a guide & temp] o!r tools 9 l mann]4 ,inf]ior /eel is easily brok51 & ! fracture pres5ts a dull1 ev5 appe>ance1 :i* may v appropriately be t]m$ a lifeless look4 ,et*+ on ,/eel4--,make an et*+ solution by pulv]iz+ toge!r sulphate ( copp]1 "o ounce2 alum1 "o-qu>t] ounce1 & common salt1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,add "o gill /rong v9eg> & tw5ty drops nitric acid4 ,/ir till ?or\ghly dissolv$4 ,poli% up ! metal to be et*$1 & !n cov] its poli%$ surface ) a ?9 coat+ ( bees-wax4 ,?is c be accompli%$ ) neatness by simply heat+ ! metal till ! wax fl[s ev5ly ov] its surface4 ,n[ draw ^u ! wax1 cutt+ cleanly ?r\gh to ! /eel ! figure y wi% to et*2 !n cov] ! figure s prep>$ ) ! et*+ solution1 & let /& = a %ort "t1 dep5d+ ^u ! dep? ( cut desir$4 ,f9ally r9se (f ) cle> wat]1 & !n remove ! bees-wax4 ,x w be f\nd t ! solution has cut into ! surface ( ! /eel :]ev] expos$1 leav+ unt\*$ all p>ts cov]$ by ! wax4 ,v good et*+ c be done by apply+1 on ! =ego+ plan1 nitric acid alone4 ,et*+ (f]s a good me?od ( cutt+ a man's "n on 8 gun or pi/ol4 ,x works on silv] or brass ! same4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,on ,,work+ ,,9 ,,silv]1 ,,copp] ,,& ,,brass4 ,to ,=ge ,silv]4--,! gunsmi? w n h mu* to d ) silv] 9 ! "w ( 8 trade1 ?\gh in/ances may occur n[ & !n :5 he w be call$ ^u to make or repair m\nt+s or ornam5ts = gun-/ocks =m$ ( ?is metal1 & also =esights1 p>ticul>ly = ! old fa%ion$ ,k5tucky rifle4 ,9 %ap+ silv] "u ! hamm] no heat w be necess>y at ! hamm]+--x w\ld d no good4 ,! metal is s malleable t x may be drawn into almo/ any %ape by simply hamm]+ cold4 ,! only tr\ble liable to come up 9 ?is k9d ( "w w be ! h>d5+ ( ! metal "u ! influ5ce ( ! hamm]2 b ?is tr\ble may be pretty effectually remov$ by heat+ ! silv] to r$ness1 & !n lett+ x cool gradually ( itself4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to heat x too mu* above ! fir/ appe>ance ( r$1 z x melts q easily4 ,to ,poli% ,silv]4--,file x d[n to ! %ape desir$1 !n dress ) a f9e file2 !n "w ov] ?or\ghly ) a burni%]4 ,next buff x (f ) rott5 /one1 & if a p>ticul>ly f9e f9i% is desir$ buff aga9 ) r\ge4 ,light ,plate = ,copp] or ,brass4--,dissolve silv] 9 nitric acid by ! assi/ance ( heat2 put "s pieces ( copp] into ! solution & imm$iately ! silv] w be precipitat$4 ,) fifte5 or tw5ty gra9s ( ! precipitate ?us obta9$ mix half a dra*m ( alum & two dra*ms ea* ( t>t> & common salt4 ,pulv]ize well toge!r4 ,hav+ ?or\ghly clean$ ! surface to be plat$1 rub x well & h>d ) ! mixture1 us+ a bit ( *amois sk91 until x pres5ts a :ite appe>ance4 ,next poli% (f ) s(t lea!r until bright4 ,inf]ior z ?is k9d ( plat+ w\ld seem1 x w we> a long "t4 ,to ,clean ,silv]4--,wa% ) a little spirits ( ammonia r$uc$ 9 /r5g? by twice its bulk ( pure wat]1 !n rub dry & bright ) s(t lea!r4 ,no k9d ( poli%+ p[d] w be necess>y4 ,"s workm5 clean silv] by fir/ wa%+ x ov] ) dilut$ muriatic acid1 !n imm$iately cov]+ ! surface ) dry prep>$ *alk1 !n bru%+ (f & rubb+ clean ) a bit ( *amois sk94 ,x acts v well1 b c>e mu/ be _h to get ! acid ?or\ghly clean$ (f else x w h a t5d5cy to soon t>ni% ! silv]4 ,to ,"w ,copp]4--,?is metal is almo/ z malleable z silv]1 & works v well "u ! hamm] 9 a cold /ate4 ,heat adds no?+ to its malleability1 ?\gh1 z 9 ! case ( silv]1 exposure to a l[ degree ( heat1 foll[$ by gradual cool+1 s(t5s x some:at :5 x has be5 r5d]$ h>d & brittle by long hamm]+4 ,x poli%es v well1 b does n long reta9 its poli% & brilliancy on acc\nt ( its disposition to oxidize4 ,heat+ increases its oxidation2 repeat$ly heat+ & cool+ w\ld soon we> x entirely away4 ,to ,"w ,brass4--,?is mat]ial is a comb9ation ( copp] & z9c1 & s9ce z9c is n s malleable z copp]1 x r5d]s ! brass less malleable4 ,nev]!less x =ges out pretty well "u ! hamm]1 9 a cold /ate1 ! only condition 9 :i* x c be s work$4 ,hamm]+ increases its h>dness ) great rapidity1 soon conv]t+ x into a v fair spr+ metal4 ,brass spr+s are q common--!y are all made by repeat$ly hamm]+ or roll+ ! metal :ile cold4 ,z 9 ! case ( bo? silv] & copp]1 heat+ & gradual cool+ removes ?is h>dness4 ,?is is ! plan = s(t5+ usually recomm5d$ 9 books on work+ metals1 b no advantage w be f\nd to arise f ! gradual cool+ 9 ! case ( ei!r silv]1 copp] or brass4 ,! cu/om is to heat ! metal to ! l[e/ degree t w\ld %[ r$ness & !n plunge x directly into cold wat]4 ,to ,ca/ ,brass4--,! gunsmi? may occasionally f9d x necess>y to ca/ some?+ 9 brass4 ,?is he c d )\t tr\ble1 z brass melts q easily4 ,! m\ld %\ld h v5ts at or ne> ! top to admit ! free escape ( air z ! molt5 metal runs 9 to take its place2 & x is always be/1 if possible1 to arrange s t ! metal w ent] ! m\ld ne> ! bottom & rise up 9 ! fill+4 ,)\t su* an arrangem5t !re is dang] ( air bubbles rema9+ "u ! metal & spoil+ ! ca/+4 ,! metal %\ld be heat$ only to a degree high en\gh to admit ( fl[+ freely & no high]4 ,to ,brass ,iron4--,clean & poli% ! iron ?or\ghly1 be+ extremely c>eful n to t\* its surface ) ! f+]s at ! f9i%+2 !n plunge x into molt5 brass4 ,take out imm$iately2 a ?9 coat+ ( brass w be f\nd cov]+ ! iron1 :i* may be poli%$ or burni%$1 giv+ ! article ! appe>ance ( solid brass4 ,to ,clean ,brass4--,to half a p9t ( s(t wat] add "o tablespoonful ( oxalic acid4 ,wa% ! article ) ?is1 !n cov] ) prep>$ *alk1 bru% dry & poli% ) *amois sk91 z 9 clean+ silv]4 ,! solution may be bottl$ & kept on h& = use z want$4 ,to ,sold] ,brass4--,! processes 9 s(t sold]+ are ! same = all metals1 full in/ructions = :i* may be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,h>d sold]+ 7see also ,*apt] ,,xxxiv7 is some?+ diff]5t1 & 9 ! case ( brass x is some:at diff]5t on acc\nt ( ! l[ degree ( temp]ature at :i* ! metal melts4 ,! sold] mo/ commonly us$ is compos$ ( two p>ts ( common brass & "o "p ( z9c1 melt$ toge!r4 ,r$uce y\r sold] to f9e bits by cutt+ or fil+1 & !n mix ) sal-ammoniac & borax1 ! two latt] hav+ be5 pulv]iz$ toge!r 9 equal p>ts & moi/5$ ) wat] to =m a k9d ( pa/e4 ,c>efully clean ! pieces to be jo9$1 lay !m toge!r1 place ! sold]+ comp\nd along ! upp] edge ( ! jo9t1 :i* mu/ be held v]tically1 & !n heat gradually ov] a *>coal fire until ! sold] is se5 to run d[n betwe5 ! pieces4 ,! in/ant ! sold] is se5 to run remove ! "w f ! fire1 tap ! "w g5tly ) a small hamm] to j> ! sold] into all int]/ices1 &1 if ! "w be s t x c be done1 scrape (f ! sup]flu\s sold] & burnt borax ) an old file4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,on ,,work+ ,,9 ,,wood4 ,! ,woods ,mo/ 9 ,use4--,v>i\s woods are n[ employ$ = mak+ gun /ocks1 b among !m all1 ! mo/ popul>1 p]haps1 is black walnut4 ,x is des]v$ly s f ! fact t x is light1 works easily1 takes a sup]ior poli%1 has a ri* d>k color1 naturally1 & :5 f9i%$ up does n incl9e to 8*eck40 ,s popul> is x1 inde$1 t mo/ ( ! o!r woods work$ into gun /ocks are /a9$ & f9i%$ up to imitate walnut4 ,9 "s portions ( ! c\ntry h>d or sug> maple 78sug> tree07 is work$ q ext5sively by ! local gunsmi?s4 ,x makes a v nice /ock1 f9i%+ to good advantage1 especially 8curl$ maple10 :i* is really beautiful4 ,s(t maple is also ext5sively us$1 /a9$ & f9i%$ to imitate ei!r h>d maple or walnut4 ,! common dogwood makes an excell5t gun-/ock1 b x works badly on acc\nt ( ! smallness ( ! tree r5d]+ x difficult = "o to get ! pieces saw$ out 9 prop] %ape at ! beg9n+4 ,holly also makes a good /ock1 b pres5ts ! same objection z ! dogwood4 ,*]ry has few sup]iors1 b x is n[ becom+ a v sc>ce wood4 ,sweet gum is gett+ to be q ext5sively us$ = *eap guns1 /a9$ to imitate ei!r walnut or *]ry4 ,x has f9e gra91 & works v well1 ! *ief objection to x be+ t x is wond]fully incl9$ to w>p4 ,wood = ,gun ,/ocks4--,! wood = a gun /ock %\ld comb9e /r5g? & lightness1 & at ! same "t x is desirable t x be easy to cut4 ,! fibres ( ! wood %\ld be close & possess great cohesion & %\ld be little liable to split4 ,9 ?is c\ntry black-walnut is g5]ally select$ = %ot guns1 & ei!r black-walnut or h>d maple = rifles4 ,! gra9 ( ! wood %\ld be /raight at ! small ( ! /ock1 :i* is ! weake/ portion ( ! "w4 ,betwe5 ?is & ! end ( ! bree* x little matt]s h[ ! gra9 runs4 ,if !re be curls1 waves or a h>d knot1 let x come ab\t midway betwe5 ! small & ! end ( ! butt4 ,z ! wood at ?is place is simply 8r\nd$0 x is easy to "w x into %ape1 z ! %ape giv5 to x is su* t any deviation ( ! fibres or gra9 f a /raight l9e c be %[n to ! be/ advantage1 also at ?is place !re is less dem& = /r5g? ( wood ?an at any o!r "p ( ! gun /ock4 ,ar\nd ! small x is v necess>y t ! gra9 be /raight & run 9 ! direction ( ! %ape giv5 & also cont9ue /raight until pa/ ! place :]e ! locks are set 94 ,a little di/ance 9 front ( ! b>rel bree* x matt]s b little h[ ! gra9 runs1 b if ! fibres ( ! wood :]e ! b>rel is let 9 run t[>d ! bree* x w be f\nd to be easi] to "w out = ! reception ( ! b>rel4 ,= !n z ! tools are work$ t[>d ! bree* !y are cutt+ ) ! fibres or gra9 & n aga9/ x4 ,b z ! majority ( guns are n[ half-/ock$ ! di/ance to cut 9 ord] to let 9 a b>rel is s small t b little att5tion ne$ be paid to ! gra9 at ?is spot4 ,! be/ & mo/ s]viceable /ocks are ^? made f p>ts ( ! tree :]e l>ge bran*es jo9 ! trunk4 ,9 ^! p>ts1 too1 w be f\nd ! curl$ & irregul> gra9 t is s mu* admir$ :5 ! /ock is s made t ^! irregul>ities come 9 ! /ock a little 9 front ( ! butt plate4 ,:5 l>ge trees are cut d[n1 x w be obs]v$ v (t5 t !re are portions ( ! /ump t h a k9d ( convex =m1 & ext5d+ d[nw>d t]m9ate 9 l>ge roots4 ,if ^! be dug out or sep>at$ f ! /ump by splitt+ !m1 !y are almo/ always ( a prop] %ape1 to h ! gra9 run ne>ly /raight 9 ! curves z giv5 to ! /ock4 ,9 black-walnut & h>d maple ^! root portions are v firm ( fibre1 q h>d & h a spl5did gra9 t f9i%es up beautifully4 ,portions ( "s root pieces h a mottl$ appe>ance & are ( a diff]5t color f ! wood z cut f ! trunk ( ! tree2 ?is is especially ! case ) black-walnut4 ,z ^! /umps c be _h by ! tr\ble ( remov+ !m1 ! gunsmi? c v *eaply secure pieces ( wood t are v valuable4 ,(t5times black-walnut /umps are f\nd float+ 9 ! wat]1 & on ! banks ( we/]n riv]s1 t are p]fectly s\nd & s d>k5$ by wat] soak+ t !y make beautiful /ocks4 ,! dryness & fitness ( ! wood may be asc]ta9$ by ! easy crumbl+ ( ! %av+s & by ! dryness ( ! sawdu/4 ,x is necess>y t ! wood be well season$1 = if any moi/ure or sap rema9s 9 x1 ! b>rel & portions ( ! lock t come 9 contact ) ! wood1 w 9 a %ort "t be cov]$ ) ru/4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,on ,,gun ,,/ocks4 ,=m ( ,gun ,/ocks4--,:5 a cu/om] ord]s a /ock to be made1 or has a gun to be re-/ock$1 ! gunsmi? w obs]ve ! l5g? ( 8 cu/om]'s arms1 l5g? ( neck1 8 height & g5]al c>riage4 ,f ^! he c ga!r "s data z to ! l5g? & =m ( /ock to be made4 ,give him a gun1 & obs]ve 8 mode ( rais+ x & tak+ aim1 & ! mann] ( 8 hold+ 8 head :ile aim+1 & d$uctions may be drawn z to :at ! cu/om] requires4 ,a tall1 long-limb$ & long-arm$ man requires a long] /ock ?an a %ort] p]son1 & a /raight /ock w bett] answ] = a %ort-neck$1 high-%\ld]$ man ?an = a long-neck$1 l[-%\ld]$ p]son4 ,a /raight /ock is mu* m suitable = a %ort-neck$1 high-%\ld]$ p]son ?an a b5t "o1 & = ?is reason1 t1 9 fa/ %oot+ ! po9t ( sight at ! end ( ! gun w\ld come up to ! range ( ! eye be=e ! butt c\ld be plac$ full aga9/ ! %\ld]1 & "o consequ5ce w\ld be1 :5 fir$1 a sev]e recoil ( ! gun at e dis*>ge4 ,a /ock r long is mu* bett] ?an "o too %ort1 & "o r crook$ to "o t is too /raight4 ,if a gun be n held on a p]fect level1 b ! muzzle high] ?an ! bree*1 ! load w be c>ri$ ov] ! object aim$ at1 suppos+ t object to be on a level ) ! eye4 ,let a cu/om] take a gun1 su* z w\ld be ?\ght to be be/ suit$ to 8 8build10 & reque/ him to close bo? eyes & raise ! gun to a level1 z if to %oot ?us4 ,h him hold ! gun immovable ?us1 & !n reque/ him to op5 8 eyes1 & x is evid5t if he requires a /ock to be made diff]5t f ! "o he has 9 h&4 ,if ! face comes naturally to ! bree* & ! eye has a 8f9e sight0 along ! b>rel1 x is j ! patt]n ( gun /ock = him to h4 ,if x be too /raight he w %oot ov]1 if too mu* crook$ he w %oot "u4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! muzzle is br\ght too high by an ef=t ( ! face to f9d a position at ! bree*1 & 9 ! o!r case x s readily f9ds a place t no fur!r ef=t is made1 except by practice1 to raise ! muzzle to ! prop] level4 ,a tall1 slim p]son requires a gun ) a long1 crook$ /ock1 & r heavi] & made full] beh9d ! small1 z ?is w fill up 8 want ( a full face1 & w bett] p]mit 8 eye a comm& ( sight along ! middle ( ! b>rels1 suppos+ ! gun to be a d\ble "o4 ,= a %ort individual a %ort1 /raight /ock is requir$1 & x %\ld be made ?9n] beh9d ! small1 s z to easily p]mit access to ! l9e ( sight4 ,if a p]son be 9 ! habit ( fir+ too l[ & beh9d a bird1 if ! /ock be made a little /raight] x w prove a rem$y = ! fault4 ,t "p ( ! /ock :]e ! *eek comes to re/ %\ld be full1 z x gives m support to ! l9e ( fire4 ,! heel ( ! /ock %\ld be 9 a /raight l9e ) ! upp] rib betwe5 ! b>rels4 ,if a s+le gun1 on a l9e ) ! b>rel4 ,! l5g? ( /ock f ! c5tre ( front trigg] to c5tre ( butt-plate1 f ?irte5 to fifte5 & a half in*es2 a %ort p]son requir+ ! less measurem5t1 :ile a v tall "o might require ! longe/ "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bc4 ,! cut1 ,fig4 #bc1 gives a bett] idea ( :at ! /ock %\ld be4 ,place a rule or /raight-edge ^u ! rib ( ! gun1 & long en\gh to rea* f ! sight ( ! gun ov] & beyond ! butt4 ,be p>ticul> t ! /raight-edge lies along ! rib & t\*es x at bo? muzzle & bree*4 ,! measurem5t f a to b on ! butt is :at is t]m$ ! 8drop10 & ?is may be f two & a half to f\r in*es1 accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! %oot]4 ,! *eek ( ! sportsman comes betwe5 c & d1 & almo/ always t\*es ! /ock at ?is place :5 b5d+ 8 head =w>d ov] ! /ock ( 8 gun to take ! l9e ( sight4 ,?is "p ( ! gun %\ld comm& p>ticul> att5tion4 ,ano!r po9t ( consid]able importance to obs]ve is1 t a due reg>d be paid to ! prop] fall ( equipoise or c5tre ( gravity ( ! gun :5 /ock$ & ready = use4 ,?is c5tre ( gravity %\ld fall at a po9t ab\t two feet two in*es1 or p]haps an in* m1 f ! heel ( ! butt4 ,9 ?is case ! arm is easi] to h&le & easi] to c>ry4 ,if ! bree* be too light1 lead may be ins]t$ to advantage 9 ! butt1 ! butt-plate be+ remov$ = t purpose4 ,dim5sions = ,s+le ,gun4--,! foll[+ may be consid]$ v good dim5sions = a s+le gun /ock3 ,:ole l5g? ( /ock1 f butt to cap1 two feet two in*es2 l5g? or dep? ( butt1 five & a half in*es1 ) a trifl+ concave surface2 wid? ( /ock at butt1 two in*es2 f po9t ( c5tre ( ! lock-tumbl] to cap1 elev5 in*es2 wid? ( /ock be=e ! gu>d1 "o in* & ?ree-eigh?s1 & made ne>ly squ>e4 ,dim5sions = ,d\ble ,gun4--,= a d\ble gun3 ,l5g? ( /ock1 f butt to cap1 two feet "o in*2 l5g? or dep? ( butt1 five & a half in*es1 ) a slightly concave surface two in*es 9 wid?2 f c5tre ( lock-tumbl] to cap1 t5 & "o-qu>t] in*es2 wid? ( /ock be=e gu>d1 "o in* & ?ree-qu>t]s1 & made ne>ly squ>e4 ,lay+ out ,gun ,/ocks4--,sev]al patt]ns ea*1 ( d\ble & s+le1 & rifle /ocks are necess>y4 ,^! patt]ns may be made ( ?9 wood or ?ick /raw-bo>d4 ,^! patt]ns ought to be a little l>g] ?an ! f9i%$ /ock1 & are int5d$ only = a proximate measurem5t ( ! /ock :5 to be saw$ f ! r\gh wood4 ,select ! wood1 lay ! patt]n ^u x1 m>k ar\nd ) a p5cil or crayon1 & !n saw out by ! l9es made4 ,) a plane1 smoo? "o side ( ! wood s z to %[ ! gra9 & ! direction 9 :i* x runs4 ,?is mu/ gov]n ! position ( lay+ ! patt]n4 ,! weake/ portion ( ! /ock is ! small1 & !re x is almo/ a necessity t ! gra9 %\ld n run across ! l9e ( ! /ock1 b ) x4 ,if a v little div]g5ce be made1 x may n matt]1 provid$ ! wood be ( a h>d & close gra94 ,if ! gra9 run across1 or at an angle at ?is weake/ spot1 a slight bl[ or accid5tal fall is liable to cause a breakage :i* c be/ be repair$ ) a new /ock4 ,if ! wood be 9 "s places mottl$1 ) curl$ or twi/$ gra91 or has a knot t is h>d & s\nd1 let ?is spot come 9 ! c5t] ( ! butt1 = by its wid? & ?ickness no accid5t is liable to break x1 & ! r\nd$ =m gives opportunity to %[ (f ! irregul> gra9 to good advantage4 ,let ! wood :]e ! butt plate is atta*$ be ( /raight & regul> gra9 if possible4 ,! gra9 :]e ! locks are let 91 & also :]e ! b>rel is let 91 %\ld be /raight & run 9 ! same l9e z ! b>rel4 ,! planks or r\gh pieces = d\ble gun /ocks %\ld be ab\t two & a qu>t] in*es ?ick be=e !y are r$uc$4 ,two in*es = a s+le gun1 & ab\t "o & ?ree-qu>t] in*es1 or a little ?ick]1 = rifles1 dep5d+ on _! weight & ! ta/e ( ! cu/om]4 ,x is be/ to h a numb] ( /ocks r\gh$ out4 ,maple = rifles & black-walnut = s+le & d\ble guns4 ,let !m lay 9 a dry place to ?or\ghly season1 & if !y rema9 9 ?is mann] = sev]al ye>s1 !y are all ! bett] = x4 ,x is claim$ t x takes sev5 ye>s = a plank to season1 & ev5 !n :5 saw$ into /ocks1 !y w be obs]v$ to %r9k & *ange =m1 & (t5 small cracks w appe>4 ,unhesitat+ly reject all pieces t are uns\nd1 or h any appe>ance ( be+ bra%1 or ) any signs ( decay4 ,(t5 9 lay+ ! patt]ns ^u ! wood ^! places c be readily avoid$1 & ?r[n away z ! plank is cut up4 ,draw a /raight l9e :]e ! b>rels w come1 & cut to ?is l9e1 b be sure to leave pl5ty ( wood :]e ! bree* ( ! b>rels re/1 & :]e ! break-(f is set 94 ,:5 ! /ock is r\gh$ out1 ?is spot w h ! appe>ance ( a rise or swell ) a %>p curve 9 front1 d[n on to ! l9e :i* is j bel[ ! c5tre ( ! l9e ( ! b>rels = d\ble guns1 & on ! c5tre = s+le guns & rifles4 ,except 9 ! case ( "s :o may fancy ! old ,k5tucky rifle1 all guns w probably be made ) half-/ock4 ,x w\ld be h>dly advisable to keep only a v limit$ /ock ( full l5g? /ocks on h&4 ,if su* are to be r\gh$ out1 pay p>ticul> att5tion to h ! gra9 ( ! wood z /raight z possible ! full l5g? :]e ! b>rel is to be let 94 ,h[ to ,/ock a ,gun4--,/ock+ a gun is ! mo/ difficult portion ( ! gunsmi?'s trade4 ,! *ange f iron "w to ! manipulation ( wood is s great t _m workm5 refuse to "w at bo? bran*es ( ! bus9ess4 ,!n aga91 if ! /ock be n well done & ! p>ts well fitt$1 !y %[ a great] p] c5t4 worse ?an p]haps !y really are4 ,! lett+ 9 ( ! b>rel & locks %\ld be done ) c>e & nicety1 & no app>5t op5+s betwe5 wood & metal %\ld be visible4 ,! p>ts %\ld be closely adh]5t to ! wood1 yet easy to be remov$ & return$ to place4 ,:]e /raight l9es ( ! wood "w are requir$1 z along ! l9e ( ! b>rels & o!r places1 let ! l9es be /raight4 ,:]e ! convex l9es ( ! bree* & butt occur1 let ! l9es be graceful & ( ev5 proportions4 ,! ,fir/ ,op]ation4--,aft] receiv+ ! r\gh =m$ /ock1 z r\gh$ out = season+1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to plane x to a ?ickness1 & !re are two places to measure = ?is ?ickness4 ,"o is ! ?ickness ( ! butt1 :i* 9 d\ble guns may be two in*es1 & ! same wid? 9 heavy s+le guns1 & a trifle light] if x be a light gun4 ,! o!r place = measurem5t is across :]e ! locks are to be let 94 ,obs]ve h[ ! locks are to re/1 aga9/ ! break-(f or aga9/ ! b>rels4 ,note ?is measurem5t & add ! ?ickness ( ! locks4 ,?is may be an in* & ?ree-eigh?s to an in* & a half = s+le guns1 & an in* & five-eigh?s to an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s = d\ble guns1 yet z ! =mation ( ! bree* & /yle ( locks diff] s w ^! measurem5ts v>y f ! measurem5ts giv54 ,:5 ^! measurem5ts are made1 & ! /ock r$uc$ to ! prop] wid?1 draw a l9e bo? on ! upp] side ( ! /ock z well z ! "u side1 exactly betwe5 ! bree* & lock measurem5ts1 & cont9ue ?is l9e f ! end ( ! butt to ! end ( ! =e-/ock4 ,cut d[n to a /raight l9e ! /ock :]e ! b>rels are to be let 91 & fit 9 ! break-(f4 ,take pa9s to fit x well1 = on ! fitt+ ( ?is 9 a great measure dep5ds ! life ( ! /ock4 ,if ! b>rels be loose fitt$1 ea* recoil ( ! gun on fir+ t5ds to loos5 ! break-(f f ! b>rels1 & ! jo9t soon becomes op5 & %ackl+4 ,:5 ?is "p is snugly fitt$ & ! /rap let 91 put 9 tempor>y screws to hold x = a season4 ,cut out ! groove = ! b>rels1 keep+ 9 m9d all ! "t t ! c5tral l9e betwe5 ! b>rels mu/ be on ! l9e z drawn on ! c5tre ( ! /ock4 ,if a s+le gun1 ?is l9e mu/ pass directly ?r\gh ! axial l9e ( ! bore4 ,lett+ 9 ,b>rels4--,:5 x is ?\ght t wood en\gh has be5 remov$ to admit ! b>rels1 rub oil on !m on ! "u side :]e !y come 9 contact ) ! /ock1 put ! hooks 9 ! break-(f1 & ) ! h& press ! b>rels to place--! oil w %[ on ! wood1 on remov+ !m1 & !n1 ) g\ge or float1 remove ?is portion & aga9 put ! b>rels 9 place1 obs]v+ ! oil m>ks1 & r$uce ! wood aga9 until ! b>rels lie 9 _! b$s ev5ly & solidly1 & ! jo9+ at ! break-(f is 9 place1 squ>e & true4 ,! heel ( ! /ock %\ld come 9 a /raight l9e ) ! middle ( ! rib1 & w come s1 if obs]vance ( ! l9es fir/ drawn has be5 made4 ,measure = ! ,/ock4--,n[ measure = ! drop ( ! /ock1 :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bc4 ,f ! l9e a to b1 :i* is a cont9uation ( a l9e along ! top ( ! b>rels1 may be1 = in/ance ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,cut ! /ock away on top to ?is measurem5t1 & fit on ! butt plate4 ,to get ! l5g? ( ! bree*1 measure f ! spot :]e ! end ( ! front trigg] w come1 & ?is measurem5t ext5d$1 /raight back to ! c5tre ( ! butt1 gives ! l5g?4 ,= a p]son ) long arms ab\t fifte5 & a half in*es is en\gh2 ab\t f\rte5 & a half = a p]son ) ord9>y l5g? ( arm1 & ?irte5 & a half or ?irte5 & ?ree-qu>t]s = a p]son ) %ort arms4 ,! ,butt4--,! dep? ( ! butt = a d\ble or s+le may be ab\t five & a half in*es1 b = a light s+le gun a little less b n v mu*4 ,lett+ 9 ! ,locks4--,! locks %\ld n[ be let 9 _! prop] places1 &1 :ile s do+1 h great c>e t no m wood be remov$ ?an is necess>y4 ,see t ! lock-plates h all ! support possible :]e !y fit into ! wood4 ,cut out en\gh = full play ( ! ma9spr+ & se>-b]g spr+ c>efully1 d n remove wood :]e ! edges ( ! lock-plate come1 s z to leave op5 spaces = admission ( wat]1 du/ or moi/ure4 ,9 lett+ 9 ! locks ! portions ( wood to be remov$ c be asc]ta9$ by t\*+ ! prom95t p>ts ( ! lock ) oil1 or hold+ ! lock ov] a smoky lamp1 s z to h soot adh]e1 !n obs]ve :]e x t\*es1 on press+ ! locks into place4 ,obs]ve if ! cup ( ! hamm] comes squ>ely on ! nipple1 & put 9 ! side bolts z !y are to rema94 ,lett+ 9 ! ,trigg]-,plate4--,let ! trigg]-plate into ! /ock s t ! arm ( ! se> be>s :olly on ! ?ick ( ! trigg]1 & n on ! out] end4 ,= ?is reason1 if x engages ! out] end1 on be+ pull$ to dis5gage ! nose ( ! se> f ! tumbl] not*1 x produces a sort ( 8twi/$ lev]age0 :i* does n "w quick & /rong en\gh to prop]ly dis5gage ! se> )\t "s ef=t on acc\nt ( ?is4 ,if ! arm ( ! se> be>s only 9 "p on ! ?ick ( ! trigg]1 x works h>d & /iff1 & ! p>ts soon we> ea* o!r4 ,obs]ve if ! arm ( ! se> be n too %ort1 = x might happ5 t ! trigg] w slip (f at ! end ^u a quick pressure be+ appli$1 leav+ ! p>ts dis5gag$ & ! hamm] /&+ at full-cock4 ,lett+ 9 ! ,trigg]4--,! trigg] %\ld be s dispos$ 9 ! plate t a di/ance ( an in* & ab\t ?ree-eigh?s exi/ betwe5 ! "r trigg] & ! front ( ! trigg] gu>d1 & an in* & ?ree-sixte5?s or m betwe5 ! two trigg]s1 & a suffici5t space betwe5 ! re> ( ! left trigg] & ! gu>d beh9d x to admit ( free movem5t ( ! trigg]4 ,obs]ve if ! trigg]s d n come too close to ea* o!r2 if !y d !y may s rub ^u ea* o!r t ! action ( "o w compel ! o!r to foll[ its motion1 & ! result w be a desc5t ( bo? hamm]s at ! same "t4 ,obs]ve if ! curves ( ! two trigg]s are at suffici5t di/ance f ea* o!r s t ! left b>rel c be fir$ )\t ! project+ & inn] edge ( ! "r or fir/ trigg] hurt+ ! f+] t pulls ! trigg]4 ,secure ,fa/5+s4--,= a secure fa/5+ ( ! break-(f1 &1 at ! same "t1 to b9d ! /ock toge!r & prev5t splitt+ ?r\gh :]e ! locks are let 91 ins]t a screw ?r\gh ! tang ( ! /rap & h x receiv$ 9 ! front end ( ! trigg]-plate4 ,h a good ?read :]e ! screw goes into ! trigg]-plate1 & h ! plate firmly drawn to its b$ 9 ! wood4 ,fit ! gu>d1 obs]v+ ! measurem5ts = space 9 front & re> ( ! trigg]s4 ,fitt+ ,bolt-,loops4--,to asc]ta9 ! position ( ! loop :]e ! bolt or wire goes ?r\gh to hold ! b>rel 9 place1 ins]t a f9e /eel ne$le ?r\gh ! wood until x /rikes ! hole1 & !n enl>ge ar\nd x to accommodate ! hole & ! loop4 ,if = a bolt1 a sl5d] tool made l a saw w enl>ge ! hole 9 ! wood1 lett+ ! tool foll[ 9 ! loop & act z a guide to %ape ! hole4 ,! f9i%+ ( ! hole 9 ! wood may be done ) a bolt float1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #bd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bd4 ,h9ts = ,f9i%+4--,9 f9i%+ up ! /ock h ! "p :]e ! *eek re/s 9 fir+ made pretty full4 ,make x r long ?an %ort1 & h x m /raight ?an curv$4 ,! l5g? ( a /ock1 be x d\ble or s+le gun1 f butt to front end ( /ock1 may be f ab\t two feet to two feet two in*es2 f ! c5tre ( ! hamm]-screw to front end ( ! /ock1 f t5 to elev5 in*es4 ,fitt+ ! ,break-(f4--,on good fitt+ ( ! break-(f dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 ! la/+ quality ( ! gun4 ,if ?is be n prop]ly fitt$ to ! hooks ( ! bree*1 to ! bree* itself1 & into ! /ock1 ! gun is soon 8kick$0 to pieces by its own recoil4 ,! ext5sion ( ! break-(f t is let into ! /ock t[>d ! bree* is call$ tang1 /rap or tail1 & ^! are ( two l5g?s1 call$ ! long & ! %ort4 ,^! l5g?s usually correspond ) ! l5g?s ( bree* p9s4 ,! smalle/ diamet] ( break-(f is "o in*1 & increases by eigh?s ( an in* up to two in*es4 ,to let 9 ,escut*eons1 etc4--,d n fit 9 an escut*eon until t "p ( ! /ock is f9i%$ or made to =m4 ,!n1 aft] ! bolt is fitt$ to its place ?r\gh ! loop1 remove ! bolt1 make ! hole 9 ! escut*eon s t ! bolt slides easily ?r\gh x4 ,hold ! escut*eons on ! /ock 9 ! place !y are to occupy & put ! bolt ?r\gh !m4 ,m>k ar\nd !m ) ! %>p po9t ( a knife & remove !m4 ,cut out ! wood ( a dep? to correspond ) ! ?ickness ( ! escut*eon ) a bottom+ tool4 ,put !m 9 place & fa/5 !m4 ,!y c n[ be f9i%$ d[n ) a file ev5 ) ! /ock4 ,x is well to h escut*eons ) ! ends long en\gh to admit ( small screws be+ ins]t$ to hold !m4 ,!y are m p]man5t ?an ^? t are held by a wire-l ext5sion t goes ?r\gh ! wood & is cl9*$ a little4 ,by us+ ! screws ! workman c make 8 own escut*eons4 ,%eet iron1 brass or ,g]man silv] may be us$4 ,! slot c be cut ) a pun* or drift1 & f9i%$ ) a ?91 flat file4 ,! h&les ( old ,g]man silv] spoons make v good escut*eons4 ,if too ?ick1 hamm] out ?9n]4 ,heat !m to s(t5 s t !y w n crack 9 hamm]+4 ,9 putt+ escut*eons to place :]e !y are to rema91 heat !m q w>m1 sme> ) gum %ellac &1 :ile s(t & melt$1 press into place4 ,if done exp]tly1 a neat job w be ! result4 ,h[ to ,ca/ ,tips on ,=e-end ( ,/ock4--,tips are ca/ on ! =e-end ( half-/ock$ s+le guns & rifles = ! purpose ( prev5t+ ! /ock f splitt+1 &1 at ! same "t1 give x a f9i%$ appe>ance4 ,aft] ! /ock is f9i%$ to %ape & ! rod fitt$1 put ! b>rel 9 place1 & put a %ort piece ( wood 9 ! rod groove1 ! same z ! rod w\ld be if put !re4 ,let ! piece project f ! wood f\r or five in*es4 ,x s]ves a d\ble purpose1 prev5t+ ! metal f fl[+ into ! hole & mak+ a hole to receive ! rod4 ,n[1 w9d ?ick1 smoo? pap]--manilla pap] is be/--ar\nd ! /ock & b>rel :]e ! tip is to be ca/1 conf9+ x ) a cord1 tak+ c>e to h all tight s t no portion ( ! metal w escape4 ,see t ! space betwe5 ! pap] & wood is left l>ge en\gh1 s t ! metal c be dress$ d[n a little2 little not*es may be cut 9 ! wood to h x hold ! bett]4 ,fix ! gun s z to /& upright1 s t ! metal w p\r ev5ly4 ,heat ! metal pretty hot & p\r c>efully into ! pap]1 & p\r 9 m ?an is want$ = ! l5g? ( ! tip1 z ! dross w float to ! top & c be remov$ :5 cold by saw+ (f a little ( ! tip4 ,file up & f9i% to suit ! ta/e4 ,! be/ metal = tips is pure block t91 z x rema9s :ite4 ,if x be wi%$ to make x a little h>d]1 add a v little antimony1 b ?is is h>dly necess>y4 ,old type1 :5 melt$1 make a v good mat]ial = tips :5 pure t9 _c be obta9$4 ,t9 has ! advantage ( always reta9+ a cle> :ite color1 :i* :5 alloy$ ) lead1 x w n d4 ,*equ]+4--,to lay out ! "w prep>atory = *equ]+1 take a piece ( c>d--a firm pa/ebo>d1 cut x to ! %ape ( ! spot to be *equ]$2 m>k ar\nd x ) a lead p5cil4 ,if x be ! small ( a gun /ock1 place x at ! o!r side f t fir/ m>k$ & m>k t place4 ,see t bo? places are m>k$ alike4 ,!n place ! pap] on1 s t :5 x is us$ z a guide ! tool w cut a groove :]e ! l9e 0 drawn4 ,cut outl9es 9 ! same mann]1 ! pap] s]v+ z a guide = ! tool4 ,aft] "o groove is cut1 ?is is a guide = groov+ ! space inclos$ by ! outl9es4 ,to f9i% ! cuts or grooves1 fold a %ort piece ( f9e s&-pap] & run ! fold$ edge along ! cuts4 ,be c>eful n to cut d[n too mu* ) ! s&-pap]4 ,a f9e-cut1 ?ree-squ>e file c be us$ to f9i% up ! grooves made by ! *equ]+-tool4 ,be c>eful to select a file t has v %>p corn]s4 ,if "o ( ! flat surfaces ( ! file be gr\nd smoo?1 ! tee? on ! corn]s w be f\nd to be v %>p1 & w answ] fir/-rate = f9i%+4 ,! same may be us$ = f9i%+ ! %ad+ or outside l9es ar\nd ! *equ]$ surface4 ,color+ ,gun ,/ocks4--,gun /ocks are color$ ) l9se$ oil 9 :i* alkanet root has be5 plac$4 ,! oil w !n be ( a bright r$ color4 ,! oil may be appli$ cold or w>m1 z mo/ conv5i5t4 ,aft] ! application let ! /ock /& = a day or two until ! wood has absorb$ all ! oil possible4 ,f\r ounces ( ! alkanet root to half a p9t ( ! oil are suffici5t4 ,unboil$ or raw l9se$ oil is g5]ally us$4 ,x may take five or six days to color1 aft] ! root is put 94 ,x may be put on ! "w f\r or five times1 ) a bit ( sponge or a rag4 ,to ,/a9 a ,maple ,/ock4--,mix an ounce & a half ( nitric acid ) ab\t equal quantity ( iron turn+s or fil+s4 ,wait until all ! gas evolv$ has evaporat$1 & !n dip a rag 9 ! liquid & wa% ! portions ( ! /ock to be color$4 ,:5 ?is is dry1 wet ) ! oil & alkanet root4 ,ano!r ,me?od4--,a /ock may be oil$ & !n pass$ ov] a brisk flame1 z t made f dry %av+s1 until ! oil is scor*$ (f1 & !n lightly rubb$ d[n ) f9e s&-pap] & !n f9i%$ 9 ! usual way4 ,to ,color a ,maple ,/ock ,br[n4--,dissolve a few gra9s ( sulphate ( manganese 9 wat]2 wet ! /ock & hold ov] ! flame ( an alcohol lamp s z to scor* x4 ,by heat+ "s p>ts m ?an o!rs ! color c be v>iegat$4 ,oil ) raw l9se$ oil1 & poli% ) a piece ( h>d wood4 ,! oil & poli%+ w develop ! color1 :i* may be dull at fir/4 ,to ,color a ,r$di% ,br[n4--,bru% ! wood ) dilute nitric acid1 & :5 dry apply ! foll[+ ) a bru%3 ,dragon's-blood1 f\r ounces2 common soda1 "o ounce2 alcohol1 ?ree p9ts4 ,repeat if n d>k en\gh4 ,to ,color a ,black4--,boil half a p\nd ( logwood *ips 9 two qu>ts ( wat]2 add "o ounce ( pe>la%1 & wa% ! "w ) x :ile hot4 ,!n1 :5 dry1 g ov] ! "w ) ! foll[+3 ,boil half a p\nd ( logwood 9 two qu>ts ( wat]2 add half an ounce ( v]digris & gre5 copp]as1 9 :i* has be5 put half a p\nd ( ru/y /eel or iron fil+s4 ,rosewood ,/a94--,boil half a p9t ( logwood 9 ?ree p9ts ( wat] till ! mixture is v d>k r$2 add salts ( t>t>1 "o-half ounce1 :ile boil+ hot2 & :ile /ill 9 ?is condition apply to ! wood1 repeat+ ! application two or ?ree times1 z ! previ\s application becomes dry4 ,rub ov] ) a s(t clo? :5 ! la/ application has dri$1 & set away = a day or s4 ,9 ! meantime boil "o p\nd ( logwood 9 f\r qu>ts ( wat] until ( a deep color1 !n add "o p9t ( v9eg>1 heat hot & apply to ! wood already /a9$1 ) a suitable bru%1 /reak+ on 9 imitation ( rosewood4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dry rub (f all loose matt] ) a s(t clo?1 & v>ni%4 ,black-,walnut ,/a94--,put toge!r gum asphaltum1 "o p\nd1 & turp5t9e1 half a gallon4 ,dissolve by g5tle heat+1 tak+ c>e n to heat s z to ignite ! turp5t9e4 ,rub ov] ! wood1 & :5 dry1 if n suffici5tly d>k1 repeat ! op]ation4 ,hav+ ! %ade to suit1 poli% d[n by rubb+ h>d ) a wooll5 clo?1 foll[$ ) a bit ( s(t wood1 !n v>ni%4 ,a /a91 n q s good1 b *eap] & m simple1 is burnt umb]1 su* z c be b\ght at any pa9t %op1 gr\nd 9 oil1 ?9n$ ) a little turp5t9e4 ,x %\ld be put on v ?ick1 & !n rubb$ (f to ! prop] %ade ) a wooll5 clo?4 ,dry & v>ni%4 ,mahogany ,/a94--,x is n (t5 t guns are /ock$ 9 mahogany1 b ! gunsmi? ought to "k h[ to /a9 9 imitation ( t wood1 %\ld occasion happ5 to call = x4 ,put toge!r1 wat]1 "o half gallon2 madd]1 f\r ounces2 & fu/ic1 two ounces4 ,boil4 ,lay on ! wood ) a bru% :ile hot2 & :ile yet damp1 b n wet1 rub (f ) a wooll5 clo?2 !n1 :5 dry1 g ov] ) a second coat 9 /reaks to imitate ! gra9 ( mahogany4 ,rub (f all loose matt] :5 dry1 & v>ni%4 ,*]ry ,/a94--,put two ounces ( annatto 9 half a gallon ( ra9 wat]4 ,boil until ! annatto is dissolv$1 !n add half an ounce ( pota%4 ,?is prep>ation is int5d$ = wood ( a light color4 ,x may be bottl$ & kept = use :5 want$4 ,no?+ to d 9 ! application b rub ov] ! wood1 let dry1 & !n v>ni%4 ,oil ,f9i% = ,gun ,/ocks4--,mix common ,spani% :it+ ) "s k9d ( color+ mat]ial until x is exactly ! %ade ( ! wood y desire to f9i%4 ,= in/ance1 if x is walnut to be f9i%$1 ! color+ ag5t w be dry burnt umb]4 ,hav+ ! :it+ ready1 give ! wood1 :i* has be5 well f9i%$ up ) f9e s& pap]1 a coat ( raw l9se$ oil1 !n spr9kle ! :it+ mixture ov] x1 & ) a wooll5 clo? rub ?or\ghly & h>d4 ,?is =ces ! color$ :it+ into all ! pores ( ! wood4 ,la/ly1 rub d[n heavily ) a piece ( s(t :ite p9e1 & !n set away to dry4 ,x may be left 9 ?is condition1 or x may be v>ni%$1 :5 dry1 if ?\ght desirable4 ,v>ni%+ & ,f9i%+4--,aft] ! /ock is %ap$ & s&-pap]$ s t ! surface is smoo? & free f any m>ks ( ! rasp & scrat*es ( s&-pap] wipe x ov] ) a clo? a little moi/ ) wat]1 ?is w raise ! gra9 ( ! wood a little1 :5 dry1 s&-pap] x (f smoo?4 ,) a small bru%1 su* z is us$ by pa9t]s & call$ a sa% bru%1 apply ! v>ni%4 ,%ellac v>ni% is ! k9d g5]ally us$ by gunsmi?s4 ,x w dry 9 a little "t1 b ought to /& ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e be+ rubb$ d[n4 ,?is is done ) f9e s&-pap] ! same z f9i%+ ! /ock1 ! object be+ to fill ! pores ( ! wood z mu* z possible4 ,x may require two1 ?ree or ev5 f\r coats ( ! v>ni% to d ?is1 ea* "o aft] x is ?or\ghly dri$1 be+ s&-pap]$ d[n to ! wood4 ,! la/ coat ( v>ni% is laid on ) a flat v>ni% bru% made ( s(t f9e hair2 see t ! v>ni% be free f dirt or specks & n too ?ick2 put x on ev5ly & quickly4 ,see t x does n run d[n s z to %[ 9 /reaks4 ,:5 ?is coat is ?or\ghly dry1 rub x d[n smoo? ) p[d]$ pumice /one appli$ ) a rag wet ) wat]4 ,take c>e n to cut ?r\gh ! v>ni% s z to %[ ! wood und]nea?1 z ! pumice p[d] cuts v fa/4 ,:5 ! surface is made smoo? & ev51 wa% (f all traces ( ! pumice p[d] ) a wet clo?1 & wipe x dry4 ,n[ g ov] x ) p[d]$ rott5-/one appli$ ) a rag moi/5$ ) oil4 ,rub until ! v>ni%$ surface %[s a f9i% or a glassy appe>ance1 !n wipe (f all trace ( rott5 /one & oil4 ,if a little fl\r be du/$ ov]1 x w bett] remove ! oil traces t may rema92 ) ! h& rub ! surface until x pres5ts a gloss4 ,! h& mu/ be s(t to d ?is & mu/ be free f dirt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #be4 ,! ,v>ni% = ,gun ,/ocks4--,"s workm5 use copal v>ni% because x is *eap & conv5i5t1 b x is objectionable on acc\nt ( its s(tness & its disposition to crack :5 expos$ to ! sun4 ,!re are a numb] ( special v>ni%es recomm5d$ to ! gunsmi?1 b = g5]al use p]haps good coa* v>ni%1 w answ] 9 _m cases4 ,x %\ld be made q ?9 ) turp5t9e1 & be put on lightly4 ,v>ni% ,c4--,a v good =m ( v>ni% c is %[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,! ess5tials are to h a cov] ) a /em to receive ! h&les ( ! bru%es1 & a bridge cross+ ! c a little di/ance d[n f ! top4 ,! cov] nev] /icks1 no v>ni% collects ar\nd ! sides1 & x is always clean & tidy4 ,! c is r\nd & made ( t94 ,! cov] %uts ov] ! outside at ! top4 ,9 wip+ ! bru% across ! bridge1 be c>eful n to get any ^u ! outside ( ! c :]e ! cov] comes 9 contact4 ,! size ( c maybe made accord+ to ! ne$s ( ! me*anic1 b ! /em ( ! cov] mu/ be wide en\gh z well z long en\gh to receive ! bru% h&les4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,on ,,gun ,,b>rels4 ,long & ,%ort ,b>rels4--,a long b>rel may be pref]able = sev]al reasons3 #a/4 ,a long] di/ance betwe5 ! sights is giv5 & ! back sight c be put f>!r f ! eye1 s t f9] sight+ is possible2 #b;d4 ,a long b>rel is /eadi] 9 (f-h& %oot+2 #c;d4 ,x p]mits a sl[] burn+ p[d] to be us$1 s t ! *>ge />ts m sl[ly & yet all[s ! full /r5g? ( ! p[d] to be us$ be=e x leaves ! b>rel1 gett+ a high initial velocity ) b little recoil4 ,! %ort b>rel has an advantage ov] ! long "o inasmu* z x c be h&l$ ) great] quickness & ! sight c be br\ght to be> m readily1 especially if ! game be mov+4 ,if ! b>rel be long en\gh to give ! *>ge ! full b5efit ( ! propell+ p[] ( ! p[d] x may be deem$ all suffici5t4 ,yet1 z to ?is1 ta/es & exp]i5ce may s diff] z to raise _m conflict+ op9ions4 ,except 9 "s localities1 z 9 case ( di/ricts :]e ! old-fa%ion$ ,k5tucky rifle is us$1 long b>rels h be5 pretty mu* ab&on$4 ,a few ye>s ago x 0 n uncommon to f9d b>rels ?ree & ev5 f\r feet long1 n[ ! l5g?s w range f tw5ty-six to ?irty-two in*es4 ,! l5g? ( ! old ,gov]nm5t musket b>rel 0 orig9ally =ty in*es1 b has be5 less5$ ab\t sev5 in*es4 ,) ! long b>rels1 a co>se1 sl[] burn+ p[d] may be us$ & get a good result1 b z a g5]al ?+ cut (f ! b>rel to a conv5i5t l5g? = (f-h& %oot+ & mov+ game1 use a f9]-gra9$ p[d]1 :i* w be quick] burn+ & j z good results are obta9$4 ,a gun hav+ b>rels ov] ?irty in*es 9 l5g?1 mu/ ne$s be made ) heavy b>rels1 & is v fatigu+ to c>ry 9 an all day hunt4 ,a gun ( ?is k9d1 to be safe & well-proportion$1 ought to weigh n9e or t5 p\nds4 ,if f9e & quick-burn+ p[d] be us$ 9 a long b>rel1 ! p[d] is fla%$ into propell+ gas1 in/antane\sly1 & beyond a c]ta9 l5g? ( b>rel has no fur!r expansive p[]1 & ! result is a friction ( ! *>ge 9 escap+1 t affects ! %ot & consequ5tly ! patt]n on ! t>get4 ,if sl[ burn+ p[d] be employ$ 9 a %ort b>rel1 ! :ole ( ! p[d] _c be s in/antly fla%$ into ! propell+ gas & "s portion ( x is1 z a result1 driv5 unconsum$ f ! muzzle ( ! gun4 ,?is fact c be v readily asc]ta9$ by fir+ a gun ov] a b$ ( clean sn[ or ov] a spread ( :ite clo?4 ,! unconsum$ gra9s c be readily se5 on ! :ite gr\nd4 ,if a less *>ge be us$ 9 ord] to consume all ! p[d]1 less velocity w be giv5 to ! project$ *>ge1 & weak %oot+ & a poor1 scatt]+ effect on ! t>get is ! consequ5ce4 ,pro( ( ,b>rels4--,9 consequ5ce ( ! bur/+ ( guns ( an inf]ior quality1 all b>rels ( ,engli% manufacture t are int5d$ = home use1 & also ^? design$ = exportation1 except a c]ta9 class ( arms1 are requir$ by law to be prov$ & /amp$ ) ! pro(-m>k & also :at is t]m$ a view m>k1 :i* is a /amp or impress ( ! inspection aft] ! b>rels 7 groov$4 ,!re are two ( ^! pro(s call$1 respectively1 ! ,london & ! ,birm+ham pro(4 ,9 #ahee1 an ,act 0 pass$ by ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t1 call$1 8,! ,gun ,b>rel ,pro( ,act10 :i* enact$ t all b>rels %\ld be prov$1 fir/1 9 ! r\gh1 & 0 call$ ! provisional pro(1 & aft]w>d :5 ! b>rels 7 put toge!r1 bree*$ & p]cussion$ !y 7 prov$ aga91 & ?is 0 call$ ! def9itive pro(4 ,! arms to be prov$ are to be divid$ into classes1 & ! fir/ class comprises s+le-b>rell$ milit>y arms ( smoo? bore1 & !y are n qualifi$ = pro( until !y are fitt$ & complete to be set up or assembl$4 ,! second class comprises d\ble-b>rell$ milit>y arms ( smoo? bore & rifl$ arms ( e description1 :e!r ( "o or m b>rels1 & con/ruct$ ( pla9 or twi/$ iron4 ,! f\r? class comprises d\ble-b>rell$ guns = fir+ small %ot1 & ^! are subject to ! two pro(s1 provisional & def9itive4 ,= provisional pro(1 if ( pla9 metal1 ! b>rels are to be bor$ & gr\nd to size1 ! v5t hole drill$ ( a size n exce$+ "o-sixte5? ( an in* diamet]1 & a v5t enl>g$ to "o-t5? disqualifi$ x = pro(4 ,not*es 9 ! plugs1 in/ead ( drill$ v5ts1 also disqualifi$ !m4 ,if ! arms are ( twi/$ metal1 !y are to be f9e bor$ & /ruck up1 ) prov+ plugs atta*$1 & v5ts drill$ ! same z 9 pla9 b>rels4 ,= def9itive pro( ! b>rels1 ei!r pla9 or twi/$1 mu/ be f9i%$ ready = assembl+1 ) break-(fs & locks fitt$4 ,! top & bottom ribs h to be r\gh /ruck up1 pipes1 loops & /opp]s on1 & ! prop] bree*es 94 ,! same f9i%$ condition is requir$ = rifles1 b1 9 addition1 ! b>rels mu/ be rifl$4 ,! ?ird class comprises s+le-b>rell$ %ot guns1 & = prov+ !y are to be f9i%$ ready = assembl+1 ) bree*es 92 & all b>rels1 ) lumps = p]cussion+1 are to be prov$ ?r\gh ! nipple hole4 ,! fif? class comprises revolv+ & bree*-load+ arms ( e description & sy/em1 & = revolv+ arms are to h ! cyl9d]s ) ! revolv+ action atta*$ & complete4 ,! b>rels = bree*-load]s are subject to provisional pro(1 accord+ to ! class to :i* !y belong1 & to def9itive pro(1 :5 ! bree*-load+ action is atta*$ & complete4 ,b>rels made by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 or b>rels made = ! ,gov]nm5t1 are subject to sev]e pro(s4 ,at ! armory at ,spr+field1 ! b>rels submitt$ = pro( are load$1 fir/1 ) a #ejj-;gra9 slug & #bhj gra9s ( p[d]1 & aft]w>d ) a slug ( ! same weight & #bej gra9s ( p[d]4 ,an inspection ( ! b>rel is made aft] ea* fir+1 & o!r inspections aft] rifl+1 br[n+1 etc4 ,probably ! mo/ sev]e pro( ( b>rels 0 made ) ! ,turki% ,peabody-,m>t9i rifles z made = ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t by ! ,provid5ce ,tool ,co4 ,! b>rels 7 fir/ prov$ = /r5g?1 & 7 load$ ) #bje gra9s ( p[d] & #gae gra9s ( lead4 ,! regul> c>tridge = s]vice conta9s only #he gra9s ( p[d] & #dhj gra9s ( lead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bf4 ,pro( ,m>ks on ,gun ,b>rels4--,! m>ks applicable to ! def9itive pro( are ! pro( & view m>ks ( ! two ,engli% companies1 viz43 ! ,london & ! ,birm+ham4 ,! provisional pro( m>ks consi/ (1 = ! ,london company1 ! lett]s ,g4 ,p41 int]lac$ 9 a cyph] surm\nt$ by a lion rampant1 & = ! ,birm+ham company ! lett]s ,b4 ,p41 int]lac$ 9 a cyph] surm\nt$ by a cr[n4 ,! ,london m>ks are %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf1 & ! ,birm+ham 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,! me?od ( affix+ ! pro( m>ks 9 arms ( ! fir/ & ?ird classes1 ! def9itive pro( m>k & view m>k is impress$ at ! bree* end ( ! b>rel1 &1 if ! b>rel be design$ = a pat5t bree*1 ! view m>k is also impress$ ^u ! bree*4 ,9 arms ( ! second1 f\r? & fif? classes1 ! pro( m>k is impress$ at ! bree* end ( ! b>rel2 ! def9itive pro( & view m>ks are impress$ ^u ! b>rel above ! provisional pro( m>ks4 ,if ! b>rel be made ) pat5t bree* or ) revolv+ cyl9d]s or *amb]s1 ! view m>k is impress$ ^u ! bree* or ^u ! cyl9d]s or *amb]s1 z ! case may be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bg4 ,on all b>rels ! gauge size ( ! b>rel is /ruck bo? at ! provisional & at ! def9itive pro(4 ,^! gauge m>ks are readily recogniz$1 z %[n 9 ! cuts ( ! pro( m>ks4 ,b>rels /amp$ ) ,london m>ks are n always made 9 ,london1 = "s gunmak]s s5d _! b>rels to ,london to be prov$1 because guns s m>k$ f9d a readi] sale4 ,b>rels ) =eign pro( m>ks are exempt$1 except 9 case ( be+ m>k$ z ( ,engli% manufacture4 ,old muzzle-load]s1 if ( ,engli% manufacture1 int5d$ = conv]sion into o!r /yles ( guns1 mu/ be subject$ to bo? provisional & def9itive pro(4 ,x is said to be a fact t ! pro( m>ks ( bo? companies are =g$ & imitat$1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,g]many1 & _m *eap guns s /amp$ are export$ to ?is c\ntry4 ,a *eap gun1 ) ! /amps m5tion$1 may be look$ ^u ) suspicion z to its really hav+ be5 9 ! (ficial pro(-h\ses4 ,! pro( m>ks employ$ by ! inspectors 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,gov]nm5t armories1 & plac$ on all arms inspect$ by !m1 ev5 if made 9 private armories1 are ,v = view$1 & ,p = prov$1 toge!r ) ! initial lett]s ( ! inspector's "n1 & are f\nd /amp$ on ea* b>rel4 ,on _m guns ( ! old model arms w be f\nd1 9 addition to ^! m>ks1 ! head ( an eagle4 ,?is is ! m>k t indicat$ t ! b>rels 7 made at ! armory at ,h>p]'s ,f]ry1 :5 ^? works 7 9 op]ation4 ,gauge ( ,gun ,b>rels4--,guns are gaug$ by numb]s1 & ^! numb]s 7 orig9ally design$ to express ! numb] ( r\nd balls to ! p\nd t w\ld fit ! bore ( ! b>rel4 ,?us a t5 gauge1 a ball ( :i* t5 made a p\nd1 w\ld fit ! bore1 etc4 ,t5 & twelve bores are g5]ally us$ by sportsm51 especially ^? :o use bree*-load]s4 ,! twelve1 p]haps1 is ! "o mo/ employ$4 ,! foll[+ li/ %[s ! sizes ( v>i\s gauges1 ! values ( ! numb]s be+ ^? adopt$ by ! ,engli% pro( companies4 ,! diamet]s ( bores be+ express$ 9 decimal ?\s&s ( an in*3 ,numb] ,diamet] ( ( bore ,gauge4 9 in*es4 #a #a4ffi #b #a4cbe #c #a4aeg #d #a4jeb #e 4#igf #f 4#iai #g 4#hgc #h 4#hce #i 4#hjc #aj 4#gge #aa 4#gea #ab 4#gbi #ac 4#gaj #ad 4#fic #ae 4#fgg #af 4#ffb #ag 4#fej #ah 4#fcg #ai 4#fbf #bj 4#fae #ba 4#fje #bb 4#eif #bc 4#ehg #bd 4#egi #be 4#ega #bf 4#efc #bg 4#eef #bh 4#eej #bi 4#edc #cj 4#ecg #ca 4#eca #cb 4#ebf #cc 4#ebj #cd 4#eae #ce 4#eaj #cf 4#ejf ,muzzle-load]s are ( almo/ e v>iety ( gauge1 :ile bree*-load]s are made ( a limit$ numb] ( sizes4 ,! sizes ( ?is class ( guns are #h1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #af & #bj1 & are limit$ to ^! sizes1 !re be+ no int]m$iate sizes4 ,! #aj & #ab bore are mo/ly 9 use1 ! #ab be+ 9 especial dem&4 ,! calibre or bore ( milit>y guns dur+ ! ,revolution 0 #ge hundr$?s ( an in*1 & has be5 r$uc$ by successive /ages until n[ x is b #de hundr$?s4 ,d[n to #ahef ! calibre ( ! ,spr+field musket 0 #eh hundr$?s4 ,9 #ahef x 0 *ang$ to #ej hundr$?s or "o-half in*2 & aga91 9 #ahgc1 x 0 *ang$ to ! pres5t calibre ( #de hundr$?s4 ,bur/+ ( ,b>rels4--,bur/+ ( b>rels may result f ?ree causes3 ,poor quality ( iron ( :i* ! gun is made2 an excess ( *>ge2 or "s ob/ruction 9 ! b>rel s z to =m an air space betwe5 ! *>ge & ! ob/ruction4 ,( poor quality b>rels1 & excess ( *>ge x is ne$less to make m5tion4 ,! in/ances ( bur/+ f ob/ructions =m+ ! air space or *amb] may be m5tion$ 9 milit>y guns1 fir+ ! *>ge b neglect+ to remove ! wood5 tompion f ! muzzle ( ! gun4 ,9 sport+ guns sn[ may accid5tally get into ! muzzle or a lump ( dirt may 8someh[0 get 9 s z to fill ! bore1 & :5 ! gun is fir$1 x w probably1 yes1 mo/ c]ta9ly be bl[n (f or bl[n op5 :]e ! ob/ruction exi/s2 ! muzzle ( a gun be+ ?ru/ into wat] = a c\ple ( in*es or m w h l effect4 ,! gas =m$ by burn+ ! p[d] f9ds no outlet ( escape1 & ! :ole expansive =ce conc5trates itself on ! weake/ portion ( ! b>rel1 & z a result x is =c$ ap>t4 ,9 good guns ! portion t[>d ! muzzle is ! ?9ne/1 & ob/ructions are g5]ally at or above ?is place1 & x is 9 ?is proximity :]e mo/ guns are bur/4 ,if )9 ?ree1 f\r or five in*es f ! muzzle1 ! portion s de/roy$ c be saw$ (f1 ! b>rels squ>$ up & x w n always s]i\sly affect ! %oot+ ( ! gun4 ,9 load+ a gun be c>eful t !re be no air space left betwe5 ! *>ge & ! ball or %ot c>tridge4 ,9 d\ble guns1 frequ5t fir+ ! "r b>rel1 :i* is ! "o fir$ ! mo/1 ! recoil w (t5 cause ! ball or %ot *>ge 9 ! left b>rel to be ?r[n =w>d f ! p[d]1 & :5 x is fir$ may ei!r /ra9 or bur/ ! b>rel4 ,ev5 if !re be a small air space betwe5 ! p[d] & ! ball or %ot c>tridge x w affect ! %oot+4 ,e "o us+ d\ble guns %\ld accu/om himself to ! use alt]nately ( bo? b>rels1 n only = safety b = good %oot+4 ,a b>rel is (t5 said to be a poor %oot]1 :5 its bad qualities may be :olly ascrib$ to ! air space produc$ above ! p[d] by ! recoil occasion$ by fir+ ! o!r b>rel4 ,to ,prev5t ,gun ,b>rels f ,ru/+4--,heat ! b>rel to ab\t ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat]1 no high]1 & !n cov] x ) a good coat+ ( copal v>ni%4 ,let x /& at same temp]ature ab\t half an h\r1 !n rub (f ! v>ni% :ile /ill hot ) a s(t clo?4 ,9 ?is process ! v>ni% w ent] ! pores ( ! metal suffici5tly to prev5t ru/+1 b w n %[ on ! surface aft] hav+ be5 c>efully rubb$ (f z direct$4 ,a poli%$ surface l t ( a f9i%$ gun b>rel1 is n mu* liable to ru/1 &1 inde$1 seldom beg9s to ru/1 ! ru/ />t+ 9 ! pores ( ! metal & f9ally work+ outw>d4 ,?is be+ ! case x w readily be se5 t %elt]+ ! pores by fill+ !m ) "s k9d ( sub/ance imp]vi\s to moi/ure _c d o!rwise ?an act z a spl5did prev5tive4 ,protection f ,ru/4--,x sometimes happ5s t f9i%$ up articles 9 /eel or iron mu/ be laid away = a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 9 :i* case x is desirable to employ "s means = protect+ !m f ! effects ( ru/4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common ?+s is to ei!r grease !m or wrap !m 9 a greasy rag4 ,?is may answ] 9 _m cases1 b x is n ne>ly s good z to pa9t !m ov] ) a mixture ( :ite lead & tall[ 9 equal p>ts1 ! :ite lead to be su* z has be5 gr\nd 9 oil = ! pa9t]'s use4 ,9 ?is simple mixture w be f\nd an effectual protection2 & z ! tall[ w prev5t dry+1 x may be entirely remov$ at pleasure by rubb+ ) a little k]os5e or turp5t9e4 ,:]e x is desirable to protect an article t mu/ be h&l$ a great deal1 z gun-b>rels on sale 9 a /ore1 = in/ance1 a v good plan is to heat ! article suffici5tly hot to readily melt beeswax br\ght 9 contact ) x1 !n rub x ?or\ghly ) ! wax4 ,let x /& until ! wax is ab\t ready to h>d51 !n rub (f ) a co>se wool5 clo?4 ,! wax rema9+ on ! metal w n %[1 b !re w be en\gh left to protect x f ru/4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,on ,,"w ,,on ,,gun ,,b>rels4 ,bor+ ,gun ,b>rels4--,! tool us$ = ?is purpose consi/s ( a rod a little long] ?an ! b>rel to be bor$1 ) a cutt] head at "o end4 ,?is cutt] is ab\t "o-half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* long1 & ( a diamet] a little l>g] ?an ! bore t is to be enl>g$4 ,x c be made to be pull$ ?r\gh ! b>rel or to be pu%$ ?r\gh :5 cutt+4 ,9 ! armories :]e _m guns ( ! same calibre are made1 a portion ( ! %ank1 next to ! cutt]1 is made ( ! bore ( ! b>rel1 & ! cutt] made ( ! size ! bore is to be enl>g$4 ,! portion t fills ! bore acts z a guide1 s t ! cutt] is =c$ to foll[ aft] x1 & ! enl>g$ bore is 9 ! same l9e z ! bor+ previ\sly made4 ,! cutt+ edges ( ! tool are1 ( c\rse1 next to ! enl>g$ portion4 ,z ! tool is pull$ ?r\gh ! b>rel1 ! cutt+s are left beh9d x z x advances2 oil is to be suppli$ :ile cutt+1 & c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ n to let x get clogg$ ) cutt+s1 z a te>+ ( ! surface ( ! b>rel w\ld be ! result4 ,:5 ! tool is made to be pu%$ ?r\gh :ile cutt+1 ! cutt+ edges ( ! tool is on ! end1 & x op]ates l a ream]4 ,?is cutt+ end %\ld be bevell$ (f s z to foll[ ! bore to be enl>g$4 ,h[ to make ,cutt]s = ,bor+4--,"o way to make ^! cutt]s is l a _m-flut$ ream]1 ) five1 sev51 or m cutt]s4 ,! odd numb]s w op]ate bett] ?an ev5 ones4 ,if made ) too _m cutt+ edges1 !re w n be cle>ance en\gh = ! *ips1 & clogg+ w be ! result4 ,!n aga91 ! cutt]s mu/ n be too long1 or !re w be too mu* friction1 & ! b>rel w become v hot 9 work+4 ,also1 if ! friction is too great1 ! b>rel may be b5t & sprung 9 consequ5ce4 ,"o =m ( cutt] is made l ! *]ry to make an elongat$ bullet1 or l ! *]ry ( a ,m9ie bullet4 ,!y may also be made 9 =m ( an egg4 ,a common twi/ drill weld$ to a /eel rod has be5 us$ = small bores4 ,a small flut$ ream] weld$ to a rod w d :]e ! enl>g+ is q small4 ,:5 ! tool is to be pull$ ?r\gh ! cutt] may be made l a %ort twi/ drill n ov] an in* long1 ) ! cutt+ edges next ! rod1 & n on ! end1 z ^! drills are g5]ally made4 ,quick-,bor+ ,gun ,b>rels4--,! way to bore gun b>rels by h& is ?is3 ,make a /eel rod ) a squ>e bit ab\t six or eight in*es long on "o end1 & a little less 9 diagonal diamet] ?an ! bore ( ! b>rel4 ,! :ole rod %\ld be a little long]1 say a foot or s1 ?an ! b>rel to be bor$4 ,h>d5 & temp] ! bit end4 ,see t x is true & p]fectly /raight :5 gr\nd4 ,! gr9d+ %\ld be done by draw+ ! bit across ! face ( ! gr9d/one1 & ?is w leave ! sides ( ! bit a little holl[+1 & ! edges q %>p4 ,pack up "o side ) a ?9 /rip ( s(t p9e until x w j ent] ! bree* end ( ! b>rel4 ,by means ( a /rong bit /ock1 or a h&le affix$ l an aug]1 turn x ar\nd1 at ! same "t =c+ x t[>d ! muzzle1 until x has cut its way ?r\gh ! entire l5g? ( ! b>rel4 ,:ile ! cutt+ is go+ on keep ! int]ior ( ! b>rel pl5tifully suppli$ ) good oil4 ,n[1 z ! bit w be a v little small] ?an ! bore ( ! b>rel1 remove x & take (f ! little /rip ( wood & place betwe5 x & ! bit a /rip ( writ+ pap] ( ! l5g? & wid? ( ! side ( ! bit :]e ! wood 0 plac$2 !n ins]t ! bit aga9 at ! bree* & bore ?r\gh to ! muzzle4 ,repeat ! op]ation aga9 by ins]t+ a second slip ( pap]1 & s proce$1 us+ pl5ty ( oil1 until ! bore or calibre ( ! b>rel is suffici5tly enl>g$4 ,prov+ ! ,size dur+ ,bor+4--,a me?od ( prov+ ! size ( ! int]ior ( ! b>rel & at ! same "t te/ its be+ p]fectly ( ! same size ?r\gh\t1 is to ca/ an +ot ( lead ab\t an in* long 9 ! muzzle1 & ) a rod =c+ x ?r\gh4 ,if ! "w be well done ! int]ior ( ! b>rel w pres5t a bright mirror-l appe>ance1 & w ne$ no fur!r f9i%+4 ,draw-,bor+4--,draw-bor+ is done ) a rod t ne>ly fills ! bore ( ! gun1 & at "o end ( ?is rod is fitt$ a tool made l a %ort piece ( file1 b ) ! tee? made a great deal co>s] & l>g]4 ,?is tool may be ab\t an in* long1 & ( a r\nd =m on ! cutt+ side1 to fit ! curvature ( ! bore4 ,?is tool is put on ! end ( ! rod & work$ back & =?1 also turn+ x ar\nd1 s z to pres5t ! cutt] to all sides ( ! bore 9 :i* x is to op]ate4 ,:5 x w cut no m ! cutt] is remov$ f its seat1 a slip ( pap] put "u x1 & x is put 9 place & ! op]ation repeat$1 & s cont9u$ until ! bore ( ! gun is suffici5tly enl>g$4 ,pieces ( ?9 files1 brok5 to l5g? & ) ! ends gr\nd to fit ! rod1 h be5 us$ = draw-bor+1 b ! be/ & mo/ effective tool is a bit ( /eel fil$ up to %ape & prop]ly fitt$4 ,"o half ( ! cutt+ tee? %\ld po9t =w>d & ! o!r half backw>d1 s t ! cutt] w remove "s ( ! metal z x works 9 ei!r direction1 =w>d or back4 ,if ! cutt] be an in* long1 ab\t ?ree or f\r tee? may po9t "o way1 & z _m ! rev]se direction4 ,9 us+ ^! tools1 keep !m well oil$1 to prev5t te>+ into ! metal4 ,*oke-,bor+4--,! me?od ( mak+ a *oke-bore is simil> to quick-bor+1 except ! cutt+ end ( ! rod does n g q ?r\gh ! b>rel1 be+ )drawn & aga9 ins]t$ ) a slip ( pap] plac$ betwe5 ! slip ( wood & ! cutt]4 ,?is is work$ n q s f> z ! previ\s bor+1 be+ )drawn & ano!r slip ( pap] plac$ betwe5 ! wood & ! cutt]1 & ?is is work$ 9 z f> z desir$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! *oke be gradual & ev54 ,a f9i% c be giv5 by fold+ a piece ( f9e em]y clo? or em]y pap] ar\nd a rod1 & by turn+ ?is 9 ! b>rel1 equalize any unev5ness t may occur4 ,to enl>ge ! int]ior ( a b>rel1 bor+ x *ok$ at bo? bree* & muzzle1 pu% ! rod to ! di/ance f ! bree* ! enl>g+ is to comm5ce1 & !n comm5ce bor+1 leav+ (f :]e ! muzzle *oke is to comm5ce4 ,if ! bore ( a b>rel is made to tap] f muzzle to bree*1 x w scatt]4 ,if made to tap] too mu* f bree* to muzzle1 x w compress ! %ot1 & by s do+ mangle or deface !m s t !y w 8%oot wild10 :ile at ! same "t ! effect on ! gun w be to spr+ ! b>rel1 &1 if x be ?9 at ! muzzle1 z g5]ally made1 !re is dang] ( enl>gem5t ( ! bore at ?is portion ( x4 ,*oke-,dress+ a ,gun ,b>rel4--,a v slight v>iation 9 ! size ( ! bore ( a gun-b>rel at "o ( its ends (t5 has a m>k$ effect on its %oot+4 ,9 case :]e a %otgun is dispos$ to 8scatt]0 too mu*1 ! rem$y lies 9 enl>g+ ! bore at ! bree*4 ,*oke-bor+ w\ld be ! means resort$ to :]e su* an op]ation 0 conv5i5t2 b :]e n1 *oke-dress+ may be made to answ] a v good purpose4 ,?is consi/s 9 dress+ out ! bree* ) f9e em]y pap] or clo?1 wrapp$ ^u a r\nd wood5 rod4 ,a little oil %\ld be us$ 9 f9i%+ ! dress+1 :i* ne$ n ext5d above half ! l5g? f ! bree* to ! muzzle4 ,no p>ticul> att5tion ne$ be giv5 z to ! slope1 z ! size ( ! bore1 "u ?is op]ation1 is sure to be left l>ge/ at ! bree*4 ,b>rels mo/ ,suitable = ,*oke-,bor+4--,lam9at$ /eel b>rels are ! mo/ suitable = *oke-bore guns1 be+ h>d] & m t5aci\s ?an ,damascus1 &1 !re=e1 resi/ ! repeat$ /ra9 ( heavy *>ges bett]2 !y w be f\nd to be m durable1 & lead less ?an b>rels ( s(t] mat]ial4 ,b>rels ( pla9 /eel1 or dec>boniz$ /eel1 s call$1 %\ld nev] be us$ = *oke-bore guns1 z !y are unsafe = guns ) light muzzles4 ,dec>boniz$ /eel is mo/ suitable = rifles1 :]e great /r5g? ( metal is employ$4 ,! f9e/ patt]n 9 ,damascus is n always desirable1 z ! excessive twi/+ necess>y to make ! f9e patt]n (t5 weak5s ! fibre ( ! metal4 ,free+ ,gun ,b>rels4--,x is (t5 desir$ to free a b>rel at ! muzzle1 or at bo? bree* & muzzle2 & ! am\nt to be remov$ is s v little t x is haz>d\s to ins]t ! bor+ bit = fe> ( remov+ too mu*4 ,x is easily accompli%$ 9 ?is mann]3 ,select a /raight wood rod t does n q fill ! bore ( ! gun & saw a slit ) a f9e saw at "o end1 = ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es1 & p>allel ) ! l5g? ( ! rod4 ,cut /rips ( f9e em]y pap]1 or em]y clo?1 ! wid? ( :i* %\ld be ! same z ! l5g? ( ! slot1 ins]t "o end 9 ! slot & wrap ! project+ "p ar\nd ! rod1 introduce ?is end into ! b>rel & "w x up & d[n1 if x be desir$ to f9i% ! b>rel t way1 or turn x ar\nd by means ( a bit /ock or la! if ! f9i% is to be ?us done4 ,_m gunsmi?s ca/ s(t lead at ! end ( a rod1 us+ ! muzzle ( ! gun z a size m\ld1 & aft] remov+ f ! b>rel1 apply oil & f9e em]y1 & ) ?is "w ! inside ( ! b>rel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bh4 ,ano!r ,me?od4--,!re is ano!r plan4 ,make a rod ( s(t p9e wood t almo/ fills ! bore & make a small hole1 say ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* diamet] at ! po9t :]e ! saw k]f is to t]m9ate4 ,cov] ?is portion ( ! rod ) good glue1 made ?91 & !n roll x 9 ! em]y1 ! same z mak+ an em]y :eel or a buff-/ick4 ,:5 dry use x 9 ! same way z ! o!r =ms ( rod4 ,:5 desir$ to increase ! size1 :i* w be necess>y1 a ?9 w$ge c be ins]t$ 9 ! saw-k]f & press$ deep] 9 z ! bore increases1 or ne> z ! rod dim9i%es its size4 ,by wrapp+ ! rod ) f9e tw9e :]e ! hole is made !re w be no dang] ( splitt+ ! rod :5 ! w$ge is pu%$ 94 ,! same =m ( w$ge c be us$ 9 ! rod fir/ describ$1 & at ! same "t ! w$ge w help keep ! em]y clo? or pap] 9 place4 ,! cut1 ,fig4 #bh1 %[s ! rod z ready to receive ! coat+ ( em]y4 ,f9i%+ ,muzzles ( ,gun-,b>rels4--,to %ort5 a b>rel1 ! g5]al cu/om is to cut x (f ) a ?ree-squ>e file1 by fil+ a groove ar\nd x1 or else saw x (f ) a hack-saw2 ! latt] me?od be+ pref]able1 z by saw+ completely ?r\gh ! b>rel ! piece is remov$ ) no temptation to sev] x by b5d+1 z is (t5 ! case :5 cutt+ (f ) a file4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bi4 ,aft] ! piece is remov$ use a tool l ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #bi1 to squ>e up ! end4 ,?is tool has a cutt+ "p an in* 9 diamet] & ab\t an in* long4 ,x is turn$ small] back ( ! cutt+ portion1 to make x light] or bett] to h&le4 ,a hole1 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* diamet]1 is made c5trally 9 ! cutt+ end1 & 9 ?is hole are ins]t$ iron or brass plugs made to fit1 & ! o!r end ( a size to fit ! bore ( diff]5t guns4 ,aft] ! b>rel is squ>$ up1 bevel ! inn] edge ( ! muzzle ) ! tool1 ,fig4 #cj1 :i* is no?+ m ?an a common 8rose-head10 & is made ) simil>ly =m$ cutt+ tee?4 ,ab\t sixte5 tee? are suffici5t = ^! tools4 ,! rose head tool has ! cutt+ end ab\t an in* diamet] & ne>ly ! same l5g?1 "o-half ! l5g? be+ tak5 up by ! po9t$ cutt+ end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #cj4 ,old ,me?od ( ,/raight5+ ,b>rels4--,! old-"t me?od ( /raight5+ a gun-b>rel 0 by means ( a f9e ?read ( black silk or a hair1 :i* 0 pass$ ?r\gh ! bore ( ! b>rel4 ,?is l9e 0 drawn tight by be+ /ret*$ f two ends ( a rod ( wood or spr+ /eel1 ! ela/icity ( :i* kept x taut1 & ! workman look+ ?r\gh turn$ ! b>rel r\nd s z to br+ ! ?read ( hair into co9cid5ce successively ) e portion ( ! inn] surface4 ,if !re exi/$ any concavity 9 any "p ( ?is surface1 ! ?read w\ld %[ x by ! di/ance :i* w\ld !re appe> betwe5 ! ?read itself & its reflection 9 ! metal4 ,! ,new ,me?od4--,!re is ano!r process ( /raight5+ b>rels :i* 0 expla9$ by a writ] 9 a sci5tific pap] a few ye>s ago1 :i* is t]m$ 8/raight5+ by ! %ade10 & by ?is me?od b>rels c be /raight5$ ) a great] degree ( precision ?an by any o!r kn[n process4 ,! pr9ciple is some?+ l ?is3 ,if we exam9e a plane mirror = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ :e!r its reflect+ surface is a true plane1 we cause objects to be reflect$ f x to ! eye at small angles ( incid5ce4 ,if "u ^! circum/ances e "p ( ! mirror gives an image true to nature1 he pron\nces x p]fect2 = ! slighte/ deviation f a true plane w\ld cause a manife/ di/ortion ( ! image4 ,9 ! process ( /raight5+ b>rels by ! %ade1 crooks 9 ! bore are detect$ ^u ! same pr9ciple4 ,! int]nal surface ( ! b>rel is a mirror1 & :atev] objects are reflect$ to ! eye f any portion ( x t lies beyond a c]ta9 di/ance1 w be reflect$ "u v small angles ( incid5ce4 ,z ! int]ior surface ( ! b>rel is n a plane mirror1 ! reflect$ image w n be true to nature4 ,if ! bore be /raight1 ! image w h a normal di/ortion1 :i* is due to ! transv]se or cyl9drical curvature ( ! mirror2 :ile if !re be longitud9al flexures or crooks1 !re w be an abnormal di/ortion ( ! image1 :i* w reveal ! defect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ca4 ,:5 ! eye looks into a gun b>rel ! int]ior surface appe>s to be spread out into a plane circul> disk1 z f> f ! eye z ! o!r end ( ! b>rel4 ,?r\gh ! c5tre ( ?is disk is a circul> orifice1 & surr\nd+ ?is at equal di/ances f x & f ea* o!r1 respectively1 are sev]al well-def9$ conc5tric circles1 divid+ ! disk into z _m bright conc5tric r+s1 ea* ( an app>5t bread?1 precisely equal to ! diamet] ( ! c5tral orifice :i* is ! o!r end ( ! bore z se5 by direct vision4 ,! sev]al conc5tric circles are s _m images ( ! end ( ! bore reflect$ to ! eye f diff]5t po9ts along its l5g?4 ,! fir/ ( ^! circles1 or t ne>e/ ! c5tral orifice1 is an image =m$ by light once reflect$4 ,! second1 ?ird1 f\r?1 etc41 respectively1 are images =m$ by light reflect$ two1 ?ree1 f\r1 times1 etc4 ,9 ord] to see h[ ^! images are =m$1 & to f9d _! respective po9ts ( location 9 ! bore1 consid] t a ray ( light f ea* po9t 9 ! end ( ! calibre1 z %[n at a1 ,fig4 #ca1 may pass to same po9t b1 on ! o!r side ( ! bore1 & be !nce reflect$ to ! eye1 ?us =m+ at b1 an image at ! end ( ! bore1 ( "o reflection4 ,ano!r ray f ! same po9t may pursue ! r\te a1 c1 d1 e1 =m+ an image at d ( two reflections4 ,ano!r ray may take ! r\te1 a1 f1 g1 h1 e1 =m+ an image at h by ?ree reflections1 & s on = ! o!r images s9ce 9 ! =mation ( ea* ( ^! images1 respectively1 ! angles ( incid5ce & reflection are equal1 x foll[s t ! focus1 or po9t ( place ( ! image b1 =m$ by "o reflection ( light1 is at "o-?ird ( ! di/ance f ! eye to ! fur!r end ( ! bore2 t =m$ by two reflections d1 is "o-fif?2 t by ?ree reflections is "o-sev5?1 & ! succe$+ ones1 "o-n9?1 "o-elev5?1 etc41 ( ! same di/ance4 ,!re=e1 x w be obs]v$ t all ^! images are locat$ )9 ! ?ird "p ( ! l5g? ( ! bore ne>e/ to ! eye4 ,consequ5tly !re are two-?irds ( ! entire l5g? ( ! bore 9 :i* none ( ^! images appe>4 ,x is to ?is "p ( ! bore1 only t ! workman directs 8 att5tion1 = x is "h only t he c cause ! 8%ade0 to appe> :i* discloses ! crooks 9 ! bore if any exi/4 ,:5 ?is "p is /raight5$1 he inv]ts ! b>rel & works f ! o!r end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #cb4 ,! practical application ( ! process is made 9 ?is mann]3 ! workman has a re/1 g5]ally consi/+ ( an upright /rip ( bo>d ( conv5i5t height ) a ,v cut 9 its upp] end = conv5i5ce 9 re/+ ! b>rel 9 case ( rotat+ x4 ,across a w9d[ opposite1 at almo/ any di/ance1 say ab\t t5 or twelve feet1 is nail$ horizontally1 a /rip ( bo>d l a common la?1 z ! horizontal b> ( ! w9d[ sa%es :]e !y come toge!r at ! middle ( ! w9d[ 7provid$ !re be upp] & l[] sa%es7 w answ] ne>ly z good a purpose4 ,n[ place "o end ( ! b>rel 9 ! ,v ( ! re/1 look into ! bore1 direct+ ! eye to ! l[] side ( x & to ! po9t j beyond ! image b2 gradually depress ! end held 9 ! h&1 br++ ! direction ne>] & ne>] to ! horizontal /rip1 or ! sa% b> z ! case may be1 & a d>k %ade is soon se5 z %[n at m1 ,fig4 #cb4 ,?is is ! reflect$ image ( ! horizontal /rip1 or sa% b>1 ! curv$ "p ( ! outl9e be+ ! image ( ! /raight-edge4 ,depress ! end m & m & ! %ade l5g!ns to n1 o1 p1 etc4 ,if ! bore be p]fectly /raight1 ! %ade w always ma9ta9 a true & symmetrical p>abolic =m1 gr[+ m & m po9t$ at its apex1 until x rea*es ! fur!r end ( ! bore4 ,b if !re be ev5 ! slighte/ flexure or crook 9 ! bore ! p>abolic figure ( ! %ade w be di/ort$4 ,if a di/ortion be discov]$1 ! b>rel is sl[ly revolv$ ab\t its axis z x is reta9$ 9 ! re/2 at ! same "t slightly elevat+ & depress+ ! end held 9 ! h&s1 until ! %ade assumes a =m 9 :i* ! two sides ne> ! apex are equally drawn 9 t[>d ea* o!r z %[n at q4 ,if ! crook be consid]able ! two sides may be drawn q toge!r1 cutt+ (f a portion ( ! %ade ( ! apex z at r4 ,?is tells t !re is a crook at q1 & also tells t ! bore is concave d[nw>d at t po9t4 ,x w require "s exp]i5ce to tell h[ f> t po9t is f ! eye1 b :5 t is le>n$1 ! =e-f+] plac$ ^u ?is po9t on ! "u side ( ! b>rel tells :]e ! bl[ mu/ be giv5 to /raight5 x z x ought to be4 ,ano!r ,me?od4--,ano!r me?od to asc]ta9 if a b>rel be /raight1 is to ins]t a slip ( c>d into ! muzzle ( ! gun & !n look ?r\gh ! bore to ! light4 ,if ! slip ( c>d be prop]ly plac$ ! 8%ade0 c readily be se54 ,! c>d slip ne$ n be m ?an "o-qu>t] ( an in* 9 wid? & 9 l5g? to j fit ! muzzle s t x w be reta9$ 9 place4 ,x mu/ be plac$ ) ! edge ( ! c>d t[>d ! eye4 ,fitt+ ,b>rels ,toge!r4--,:5 select+ a pair ( gun b>rels1 prep>atory to jo9+ !m = ! purpose ( mak+ a d\ble-b>rel$ gun1 x is necess>y to asc]ta9 if ! b>rels be ( ! same l5g?1 & h ! same size at bree* & muzzle1 & also at po9ts betwe5 ! bree* & muzzle4 ,ne>ly all %ot-gun b>rels are gr\nd1 or made "s small] at ! c5tre ( _! l5g? ?an at o!r portions4 ,any "o :o is n conv]sant ) ?is may be some:at surpris$ on plac+ a /raight-edge along ! side ( a b>rel1 a common musket b>rel1 = in/ance4 ,place ! /raight-edge on ! top or bottom side1 z ! "r & left h& sides are flatt5$1 ne> ! bree*1 &1 ( c\rse1 on ^! sides ! holl[+ ( ! c5tre is n s readily obs]v$4 ,z ! musket b>rel has be5 m5tion$1 x may be inf]r$ t two ( ^! b>rels are to be jo9$ toge!r4 ,! fir/ /ep is to cut !m (f at ei!r end1 to make !m ( ! l5g? desir$1 = z issu$ f ! armories = army use1 ! b>rels are too long to make a gun to be h&l$ ) ease & conv5i5ce4 ,if !y are cut d[n to ! l5g? ( ?irty or ?irty-two in*es !y w be long en\gh = sport+ purposes4 ,accord+ to ! weight ( gun desir$1 cut f ei!r end2 cut (f ! bree* if a light gun is want$1 or cut (f ! muzzle to make a heavy gun4 ,! fir/ /ep aft] cutt+ (f & tru+ up ! ends ( ! b>rels1 is to select ! two sides to be jo9$ toge!r & file ^! two sides flat1 m at ! bree* & less at ! muzzle1 until ! small] diamet]s at ! middle j t\* ea* o!r1 )\t be+ s fil$4 ,:5 y h 9 ?is way bo? b>rels flatt5$ z ne>ly alike z possible & z /raight z c be done by te/+ ) a /raight-edge1 lay bo? b>rels on a level surface1 & see t ! flatt5$ places t\* ea* o!r true & ev5ly4 ,to "k if ! flatt5+ has be5 done p>allel ) ! outside flats at ! bree* 7suppos+ ^! to be left on ! b>rels7 place a small squ>e on ! same surface on :i* ! b>rels are laid1 lett+ ! upright arm ( ! squ>e j t\* ! outside flat4 ,if ! squ>e t\* ! flat alike f top to bottom1 !n ! flats are p>allel1 b if !re be an op5 space to be se51 !n file away ! flat to be jo9$ until ! squ>e indicates t bo? inn] & out] flats are p>allel4 ,be p>ticul> 9 reg>d to ?is1 z x is easi] to correct ! inn] flatt5$ surface ?an to make p>allel ! out] "o4 ,if ! same am\nt be tak5 f ! bree* z f ! muzzle1 ! po9t ( div]g5ce w n be suffici5t = accurate %oot+4 ,m mu/ be tak5 f ! bree* to all[ ( ?is div]g5ce to be ext5d$ a great] di/ance4 ,! flatt5+ at ! muzzle does n require to be v great1 yet mu/ be done to "s ext5t2 b1 z be=e rem>k$1 ?is w dep5d ^u ! smallness or size ( ! middle portions ( ! b>rel4 ,x is v d\btful if any two gunsmi?s w agree z to ! incl9ation ( a pair ( b>rels4 ,p]haps x w\ld be almo/ fooli%ness to insi/ on any def9ite or c]ta9 incl9ation1 s t ! conv]g+ l9es w\ld come to a po9t4 ,z an in/ance1 let ! po9t ( div]g5ce be two & a half y>ds1 x foll[s t at =ty y>ds ! "r b>rel1 if ! gun 7 rigidly held z if fix$ 9 a vice1 w\ld ?r[ its *>ge ab\t six in*es to ! left ( ! m>k1 & ! left b>rel1 vice v]sa4 ,let x be suppos$ t two b>rels are ea* ?irty-two in*es 9 l5g? & "o-sixte5? in* ?ick at ! muzzle & ?ree-sixte5?s ?ick at ! bree*1 x requires ! diff]5ce f\r-sixte5?s be multipli$ by ! times ! l5g? ( ! b>rels are conta9$ 9 ! =ty y>ds1 ?is be+ =ty-five1 to asc]ta9 :at di/ance ! po9t ( ! diff]5t l9es are f ea* o!r4 ,9 ?is case x is elev5 & "o-qu>t] in*es1 or five in*es & five-eigh?s ( an in* f ! c5tre or l9e ( sight4 ,x may be rem>k$ t if ! po9t ( conv]g5ce be =ty y>ds x w be productive ( z good results1 p]haps1 z any o!r4 ,jo9+ ,b>rels ,toge!r4--,aft] ! b>rels are fitt$ toge!r s t !y are p>allel1 t\*+ ea* o!r _! entire l5g? & equally 9 a v]tical l9e1 ! next ?+ 9 ord] is to fit ! top & bottom ribs4 ,fit ! l[] ?imble or pipe ?r\gh :i* ! cross-bolt goes & cut ! "u rib to fit bo? above & bel[ x1 z ?is ?imble is sold]$ direct to ! b>rels1 n to ! rib4 ,m>k along ! sides ( ! ribs ) a %>p scrib]1 s z to leave a di/9ct l9e on ! b>rels to indicate _! location4 ,file bright & smoo? ! p>ts ( ! pipe & ribs :]e !y are to be jo9$ to ! b>rels & t9 ) good s(t sold]4 ,also t9 ! b>rels :]e !y are to be jo9$1 & :]e ! ribs come 9 contact4 ,?is is easily done by us+ a cle> *>coal fire & heat+ ! b>rels & ribs q sl[ly4 ,use muriate ( z9c = flux1 & apply ! sold] ) a common sold]+ copp]4 ,if ! copp] be q heavy & well heat$ ! ribs c be t9n$ f ! heat ( ! copp]1 z !re is no ne$ ( putt+ ^! p>ts 9 ! fire4 ,if ! b>rels be prop]ly heat$ & ! sold] beat5 out ?9 on an anvil1 x may be rubb$ on ! b>rels )\t ! aid ( ! copp]4 ,:5 x melts & fl[s1 wipe (f ! surplus ) a wool5 rag :i* has be5 slightly moi/5$ ) oil4 ,:5 ! b>rels & o!r p>ts are nicely t9n$1 let !m cool1 & !n fa/5 !m 9 place 9 ! mann] !y are to rema9 ) b9d+-wire4 ,put a rod ( iron ?r\gh ! l[] ?imble1 & also ?r\gh ! upp] ?imbles1 if !y are to be fa/5$ at ?is "t4 ,! reason ( putt+ 9 ?is rod is tw(old3 x s]ves to keep ! ?imbles /raight ) ! b>rels1 s z to prop]ly receive ! ramrod1 & at ! same "t t5ds to hold ! "u rib firmly 9 place4 ,be=e fa/5+ ! p>ts ) b9d+ wire1 fill ! space betwe5 ! top rib & b>rels ) small pieces ( sold]1 or :at is bett]1 a small rod ( sold] l a wire1 b n l>ge en\gh to int]f]e ) ! rib fitt+ close to ! b>rels4 ,sold]+ ,b>rels ,toge!r4--,n[ beg9 to c>efully heat ! "w1 comm5c+ at ! bree*1 & :5 suffici5tly hot1 don't heat too fa/ nor too hot1 apply sold]1 us+ ! muriate ( z9c z a flux1 to ! jo9+s ( ! ribs & b>rels4 ,if ! sold] be hamm]$ q ?9 x w be readily melt$ by ! heat ( ! b>rels1 & w be 8suck$ 90 until ! space betwe5 ! diff]5t pieces is completely fill$4 ,proce$ c>efully 9 ?is way until ! entire l5g? ( ! b>rels is gone ov]4 ,turn ! "w (t5 9 ! fire1 s t all portions are ev5ly heat$4 ,at ! muzzle fit & ins]t a small piece to fill ! int]/ice betwe5 ! b>rels & ! top rib4 ,x is necess>y t all ! space betwe5 ! top rib & ! b>rels be completely fill$ ) sold]1 or ru/ w =m !re1 :i* w prove ( s]i\s detrim5t to ! b>rels1 & 9 "t "w "u ! ribs1 ?r[+ !m f ! b>rels if ev5 a little torsion or spr++ ( ! b>rels %\ld ev] take place4 ,dur+ ! progress ( sold]+1 see t ! p>ts are kept press$ close toge!r1 & t !y d n spr+ away f ea* o!r by _! expansion dur+ heat+4 ,a small iron clamp screw plac$ at ! bree* & also "o at ! muzzle1 is v conv5i5t1 z by tight5+ ! screw !re is less dang] ( ! p>ts spr++ ap>t4 ,:5 ! bree* is sold]$ & some:at cool$1 ! clamp !re plac$ c be remov$4 ,^! clamps1 made ( malleable iron1 c be obta9$ at ! h>dw>e /ores4 ,:5 ! "w is sold]$ & is cool1 wa% x well ) w>m wat]1 us+ a /iff bru% to remove dirt & all traces ( ! acid flux t may rema9 on ! "w4 ,) a *isel or scrap] remove all sup]flu\s sold] & bright5 ! "w ) em]y clo? or pap] ( diff]5t grades4 ,beg9 ) ! co>s] & f9i%+ ) ! f9e or ) fl\r & em]y4 ,:y n ,braze ,b>rels8--,x 0 =m]ly ! practice to braze b>rels toge!r1 ) spelt] sold]1 at ! bree* or at bo? bree* & muzzle1 b good workm5 condemn ! practice1 z heat+ ! b>rels to a high heat 9 ord] to melt ?is sold] some:at dim9i%es ! /r5g? ( ! metal1 & z x is also necess>y to aga9 clean & bright5 ! "w aft] braz+1 & to p]fectly bright5 ! flats :]e !y lie toge!r is n s easy a matt]4 ,9 ! life ( ! gun1 x 0 f\nd to be ( no real b5efit to ?us braze !m1 z ! p>ts 7 securely held 9 place if well sold]$ ) s(t sold]1 & ( late ye>s b v few b>rels h be5 ?us braz$4 ,select sold] ( good quality1 put ! "w well toge!r1 & ! b>rels w rema9 firmly & rigidly 9 place1 & w n be sep>at$ except by unfair means4 ,p]cussion+4--,! t]m ,p]cussion+ is us$ to designate ! op]ations ( drill+1 & f9i%+ ! cone or nipple seat1 tapp+1 putt+ 9 ! tube or cone 7by "s call$ nipple7 & o!rwise f9i%+ up ! p>ts be>+ relation%ip to ! cone seat4 ,! fir/ op]ation1 aft] asc]ta9+ ! locality :]e to drill ! hole = ! nipple1 is to drill ?is hole4 ,if a d\ble gun ! nipples mu/ be ins]t$ z ne> ! c5tre ( ! bree* z possible to get !m & h a direct communication1 ) no unnecess>y angles1 9 ! passage-way ( ! flame ( ! cap to ! p[d] 9 ! *amb]4 ,f ! bottom ( ! hole drill$ = ! nipple a small v5t1 z small z c conv5i5tly be made1 mu/ or ought to communicate directly to ! p[d] *amb]4 ,! nipple ought to be seat$ or screw$ to ! bottom ( ! hole & ! v5t be an unbrok5 cont9uation ( ! op5+ ?r\gh ! nipple4 ,let !re be no *amb] or res]voir betwe5 ! bottom end ( ! nipple & ! bottom ( ! hole 9 :i* x is screw$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #cc4 ,b to return to ! drill+4 ,f ! axial or c5tral l9e ( ! b>rel1 ?is hole mu/ be drill$ at an angle ( =ty-five degrees s t ! nipple :5 ins]t$ %all /& at t angle4 ,9 ! cut ,fig4 #cc1 a repres5ts ! c5tral l9e ( ! b>rels1 b a l9e at "r angles to ?is1 & c ! angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,if ! workman h no la! & is necessitat$ to use a bit-/ock or brea/ drill1 a piece ( iron c be fitt$ to lay ^u ! b>rels ) "o end elevat$ ?ree or f\r in*es ) ! end turn$ at an angle 9 a hole drill$ 9 ?is end to receive ! drill1 :i* %\ld fill ! hole4 ,by clamp+ ?is ^u ! b>rels1 ins]t+ ! drill 9 ! hole & hav+ a prick m>k :]e ! hole is to be made = ! nipple1 x =ms a reliable guide to insure ! correctness ( ! hole1 & also to get any numb] ( holes alike4 ,to insure ! hole to be tapp$ or ?read$ prop]ly ! guide c be kept 9 position & ! hole tapp$ aft] be+ cupp$ to =m ! seat4 ,if a la! be us$ to drill ! hole1 a piece ( wood or an iron =g+ c be fitt$ to ! sp9dle aga9/ :i* ! "w is held & :5 made ( ! prop] angle & ! b>rel conf9$ ^u x to drill ! hole1 no guide is necess>y1 z ! drill be+ held 9 ! sp9dle & ! sp9dle runn+ 9 its be>+s op]ates ^u ! same pr9ciple z ! guide clamp$ ^u ! b>rels4 ,an upright drill c be fitt$ ) a =g+ or ca/+ to hold ! b>rels 9 ! same mann]4 ,! size ( hole to be drill$ ought to be t ( ! small] siz$ nipples1 z 9 "t frequ5t re-tapp+s to ins]t new nipples w enl>ge ! hole4 ,p]haps a brok5 nipple may necessitate drill+ or cutt+ out & ! ?read may be injur$ some:at1 s t x may h to be bor$ out & a new ?read made to receive a l>g] nipple4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #cd4 ,aft] ! hole is drill$ x is cupp$ or a seat =m$ = ! %\ld]s ( ! nipple to re/ ^u4 ,?is is done ) ! tool %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd4 ,! guide is us$ to get ! prop] angle ( ?is seat1 ! same z 9 drill+4 ,! /em at ! end ( ! cutt+ portion ( ! tool1 ent]s & fills ! hole drill$1 :i* insures ! correct =mation ( ! seat4 ,! tap is held 9 ! guide 9 ! same mann] & x foll[s t ! ?read has be5 made at ! same angle t ! hole 0 drill$4 ,f9i%+ ,nipple ,seat4--,! fil+ & f9i%+ ( ! nipple seat is "o 9 :i* ta/es diff] or ! price ( ! "w may dem&4 ,?is h9t may be giv51 ! seat+ tool mu/ cut a seat l>ge en\gh to receive ! nipple & 9 fil+ keep ?is seat full size1 tak+ c>e n to all[ ! file to take away or r$uce any portion ( x4 ,a /udy ( ?is portion ( diff]5t guns t may come "u ! obs]vation ( ! workman is ! be/ guide = =m+ & %ap+ ^! p>ts4 ,! fir/ ef=t may be to =m a nipple seat f a piece ( h>d wood %ap$ l ! b>rel ) its lump1 us+ ! drill1 ! seat+ tool & ev5 ! tap1 !n f9i% up ) files1 z if x 7 iron1 & ins]t ! nipple4 ,bett] to correct a fault 9 a 8%am0 ( wood ?an spoil a good b>rel bree*4 ,! ,v5t1 9 ,p]cussion ,gun ,b>rels4--,:5 ! old fl9t-lock 0 pu%$ to "o side by ! introduction ( ! p]cussion pr9ciple1 x 0 ?\ght by _m t !re 0 a diff]5ce 9 %oot+ & t ! fl9t-lock %ot 8smoo!r0 ?an its sub/itute4 ,9 ! p]cussion gun !re 0 ?\ght to be m recoil ?an 9 ! o!r =m ( gun4 ,x 0 suppos$ t ! h]metically clos+ ( ! bree*1 z ! fir+ took place1 0 ! cause ( ?is1 & to rem$y ! matt] a small v5t 0 drill$ ne> ! locality ( ! v5t or 8t\*-hole0 ( ! old-"t arm4 ,a few gunsmi?s & _m us]s ( arms cl+ to ! v5t & c\ld 8n d )\t x40 ,"s claim t ?is v5t is ( use1 z x enables air to circulate ?r\gh ! b>rel1 aft] ! ignition ( ! *>ge4 ,:ile bo? ^! !ories are d\bt$ by o!rs1 "o ?+ is q c]ta91 x increases ! c]ta9ty & also aids ! rapid ignition ( ! *>ge1 z ! air conta9$ among ! p[d] & held !re 9 a m or less /ate ( pressure1 be+ s =c$ & held by ! wadd+1 ret>ds 9 "s measure ! entrance ( ! fire f ! p]cussion cap4 ,! v5t all[s ?is conf9$ air to escape1 & t is ! only real & app>5t good t c be accr$it$ to x4 ,9 mak+ ^! v5ts make !m v small1 & 9 no in/ance let !m exce$ a ?irty-second ( an in*4 ,to prev5t _! be+ clos$ by ru/ or ! debris ( burnt p[d]1 drill a l>g] hole1 tap a ?read 9 x & screw 9 a silv] wire & !n drill ! v5t ?r\gh ! wire aft] x has be5 f9i%$ to con=m to ! %ape ( ! p>ts adjac5t4 ,! ,pat5t ,bree*4--,! pat5t bree* has be5 ! subject ( mu* discussion & mu* exp]im5t+1 "s exp]ts claim+ "o =m to be sup]ior to o!rs1 & !n aga9 !re are ^? :o set ! pat5t bree* aside & claim t ! old flat-fac$ bree*-p9 is z good z any ev] yet made4 ,! =mation ( ! base ( ! bree*-load+ %ell has be5 call$ up z evid5ce 9 favor ( ! latt] claim4 ,! two =ms are call$ 9 "q1 & !n ! qu]y is made1 8,does n ! bree*-load] %oot bett] or z well z ! pat5t-bree*$ muzzle-load]80 ,b ! pat5t bree* is 9 favor ) ! mass ( ^? :o use ! muzzle-load]1 & no d\bt has its advantages4 ,! attempt has be5 made to =m ! int]ior base ( a c>tridge = bree*-load]s ^u ! model ( ! int]ior ( a pat5t bree*1 b ?us f> has n come into v ext5sive use4 ,=m ( ! ,*amb] or ,cup4--,:ile _m =ms ( ! *amb] or cup ( ! pat5t bree* are 9 use1 ! mo/ simple =m1 & ! "o easie/ to make1 is t ( an inv]t$ elliptical cone4 ,?is =m may be repres5t$ by ! %ape ( an acorn if x 7 cut (f ev5 ) ! top ( ! cup4 ,! %ape is also "o t w n weak5 ! bree* nor affect ! /r5g? ( ! ?read :]e x ent]s ! b>rel4 ,! tool to %ape x is easy to make4 ,turn a piece ( /eel ! exact %ape ! 8cup0 is to be & !n make a cutt+ tool ( x by fil+ a groove on two sides1 exactly l a flat drill ( ! requir$ elliptical =m1 b ) a 8bulge0 or *eek left on ea* side1 & !n file a groove mid-way 9 ?is *eek f po9t to base1 & make x s z to =m two cutt+ edges on ea* side ( ! cut fir/ made4 ,ea* prom95t "p mu/ be =m$ into cutt+ edges1 l ! cutt+ edges ( a conical-%ap$ *]ry to cut out bullet m\lds4 ,! cut1 ( bullet *]ry1 ,fig4 #ga1 ,*apt] ,,xxvii1 %[s ! way to make ?is tool4 ,) ?is =m ( 8cup0 !re is great solidity ( bree*1 & !re ne$ be b little fe> ( miss-fire or hang-fire 9 %oot+1 if ! gun be prop]ly load$4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,tools ,,= ,,bree*+ ,,guns4 ,bree*+ ,ream]s4--,! =m ( bree*+ ream]s is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ce4 ,! ext5sion is suppos$ to fill ! bore ( ! gun1 & :5 x does s ! tool w make a cut t is /raight & true4 ,:5 ?is ext5sion does n fill1 !n slip a brass f]rule or a piece ( tub+ on x1 or x may be ev5 wrapp$ ) a piece ( c>d or /rong pap]1 z m5tion$ 9 case ( taps t h ext5sions small] ?an ! bore ( ! gun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ce4 ,! size ( ^! ream]s mu/ be to suit ! taps2 t is !y mu/ be ( a size correspond+ to ! tap if ! ?read 7 remov$4 ,! l5g? ( ! ext5sion may be ab\t an in*1 & ! cutt+ portion ( a l5g? to correspond to ! l5g? ( ! bree*-p9s1 = :5 us+ !m :]e ! ream] has ent]$ ! b>rel until x is flu% or ev5 ) ! l5g? ( ! cutt+ "p1 x is evid5t t x has p5etrat$ z f> z x ought to g4 ,be c>eful to keep ! ream] well oil$ :5 us+ x to ream out a bree*4 ,9 mak+ ^! ream]s1 turn !m to ! size & %ape1 & !n file f\r spiral flutes1 equi-di/ant f ea* o!r1 ) a small r\nd file1 b rememb] to file !m 8"r h&10 l a "r h& screw ?read4 ,ab\t a qu>t]'s turn 9 ! l5g? is suffici5t4 ,! end :]e ! cutt+ is done mu/ be 8cut back0 betwe5 ea* flute1 s z to make a cutt+ edge1 or lip4 ,! flutes s]ve to c>ry ! *ips away f ! "w1 & prev5t clogg+4 ,above ! end ( ! cutt+ portion1 ! ream] may be turn$ d[n to a size a little l>g] ?an ! ext5sion1 & x w be !n a v easy matt] to nicely cut ! flutes ) a r\nd file1 z direct$4 ,bree*+ ,taps4--,! usual diamet]s ( rifle bree* p9s are ?ree-eigh?s1 "o-half1 & five-eigh?s ( an in*2 ( %ot guns ?ree-qu>t]s & sev5-eigh?s ( an in*4 ,! ?read ( ! rifle is g5]ally f\rte5 to ! in*1 & ! %ot gun sixte5 to ! in*4 ,! bree* p9s ( milit>y arms v>y4 ,"s are made ) co>se ?read & "s ) f9e ?read1 rang+ f t5 to eighte5 ?reads p] in*4 ,!re is no arbitr>y rule = bree*+ guns1 & except+ ,engli% made guns1 almo/ e conceivable size & ?read may be f\nd 9 guns t are br\ght 9 to be repair$4 ,9 rifle & %ot guns ! f\rte5 & sixte5 ?read w be f\nd to pr$om9ate4 ,9 unbree*+ guns t h be5 made by 8exp]ts0 ( "s c\ntry t[n1 :o built ! arms 8to ord]10 or 9 ov]haul+ guns t h be5 repair$ at ! same k9d ( e/abli%m5ts1 x w n be uncommon to f9d ?reads 9 ! b>rels t h be5 cut ) a blacksmi?'s tap] tap1 & ! p9 tap]$ to suit ! ?read s =m$4 ,x w be no?+ uncommon to f9d a bree* t is made to "o side ( ! bore1 or made ) a crook$ ?read4 ,if tapp$ ) ! tap] tap1 ! ?read may be f\nd to be t5 or twelve to ! in*1 accord+ z a tap to fit ! bree* c\ld be f\nd4 ,let ! workman disc>d all su* ways ( bree*+ guns4 ,let him procure a set ( taps ( ! sizes & ?reads z notic$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is article1 & 8/ick to ^! sizes40 ,if ! ?read 9 a gun be worn1 & ! p9 be loose or leak fire1 !n ream out ! old ?read1 cut x anew1 & put 9 a new p94 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #cf4 ,bree*+ taps %\ld be made 9 pairs1 "o tap]$ a little & its mate made /raight & ) a full ?read1 s z to cut full at ! bottom :]e ! ?read t]m9ates4 ,if ! fir/ tap be n tap]$ a little1 ! ?read %\ld be ne>ly all remov$ at ! end1 & gradually increas$ = five or six ?reads1 :5 x w be ( full size4 ,a /em or projection is made z %[n 9 ! cut1 ,fig4 #cf1 :i* ent]s & fills ! bore ( ! gun & s s]ves to insure a ?read /raight ) ! b>rel4 ,if ! bore be l>g] ?an ! ext5sion1 slip ov] x a piece ( brass tube or a f]rule ( "s k9d1 until x fits a little snug 9 ! bore4 ,if b little be want+ to make ! fit1 a piece ( writ+ pap] or a bit ( c>d may be wrapp$ ar\nd x4 ,old-fa%ion$ gunsmi?s h be5 kn[n to w9d t[ ar\nd an ext5sion to make a fit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #cg4 ,! diamet] ( ^! ext5sions mu/ be t ( ! smalle/ bor$ gun 9 :i* !y w be us$4 ,! ext5sion ( ! %ot-gun tap may be ab\t half-in* diamet]4 ,! l5g? ( ! ext5sion may be ab\t an in* = rifles & an in* & a qu>t] = %ot guns1 ! ?read ab\t an in* 9 l5g?4 ,! :ole l5g? ( rifle taps may be ab\t ?ree & a half in*es1 = %ot-guns ab\t f\r in*es4 ,bree* ,p9 ,=m]s4--,^! tools are made ( /eel & h holes drill$ ?r\gh !m & cutt+ tee? =m$ on "o end 7z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cg74 ,9 use x may be held /ation>y1 & ! bree*-p9 turn$ 9 ! hole until ! tee? =m x to size & remove en\gh 9 l5g? = ! screw to be cut on ! p94 ,eight tee? are en\gh = ! small] sizes ( ^! tools4 ,if made ) m tee? !y are consequ5tly f9] & %all[] & d n op]ate s well1 or _c be gr\nd to an edge or %>p5$ ) an oil /one if !y become dull4 ,! sizes mu/ correspond ) ! size ( ! bree* taps1 or a little less ?an ?is size1 z ! dies us$ 9 cutt+ g5]ally 8raise0 a ?read a little l>g] ?an ! "w4 ,! l5g? ( ^! tools may be ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* or an in*1 z may be be/ to make !m4 ,9 use !y c be held 9 a la! *uck & ! p9 pres5t$ to !m :ile runn+1 or ! op]ation may be rev]s$1 ! p9 be+ rotat$ & ! cutt] held /ation>y4 ,if to be us$ by h&1 hold !m 9 a vise or clamp1 or make a fixture to hold ! p91 us+ a bit-/ock = turn+ !m = cutt+4 ,! advantage ( ^! tools is t ! "w is done quick1 ! body ( ! p9 is ( ! same diamet]1 & ! %\ld] :]e x abuts aga9/ ! b>rel is true ) ! body2 us+ a file = ! "w1 x is difficult to produce ^! requirem5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,tools ,,= ,,*amb]+ ,,bree*-,,load+ ,,b>rels4 ,:5 *amb]+ b>rels = bree*-load]s1 ! utmo/ c>e %\ld be obs]v$ to make ! *amb] exactly conc5tric ) ! bore1 & h x smoo? & well f9i%$4 ,d n tru/ to a drill or a flat ream]2 nei!r w a half-r\nd or a common flut$ ream] answ] ! purpose4 ,take1 = in/ance1 a bore = a ?irty-eight c>tridge4 ,fig4 #ch %[s ! tool = *amb]+1 & ,fig4 #ci ! tool = recess+ = ! head ( ! c>tridge4 ,! diamet] ( ! tool = *amb]+ is ?irte5 sixty-f\r?s4 ,! tool = recess+ = ! head is sev5-sixte5?s4 ,! body ( ! cutt+ portion is ab\t sev5-eigh?s or an in* long4 ,an ext5sion is =m$ beyond ! cutt+ "p :i* mu/ exactly fill ! bore ( ! b>rel & s]ves z a guide to insure ! cutt+ "p mak+ ! *amb] 9 prop] relation to ! bore4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ch4 ,! neck or recess 9 front ( ! cutt+ "p is = a ?ree-fold purpose2 x =ms a receptacle = ! *ips or cutt+s1 :i* o!rwise w\ld clog ! tool z soon z ! tee? 7 fill$1 & w\ld probably result 9 a r\gh surface by be+ =c$ betwe5 ! wall ( ! *amb] & ! tool back ( ! tee?2 x also s]ves to produce a bett] %ap$ too?1 :i* is done ) a f9e cut ?ree-squ>e file1 & f9ally by ! tee? be+ made bel[ ! surface ( ! ext5sion a squ>e cut is produc$ ) no fea!r edge :]e ! *amb] t]m9ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ci4 ,! cutt+ tee? ( ! *amb]+ tool are made s z to produce a bevel at ! end ( ! *amb]1 & by ?is means avoid %av+ ! ball1 z w\ld be ! case if x pass$ ov] a %>p angle4 ,! recess+ tool is made squ>e on ! cutt+ end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #dj4 ,= l>g] bores ?an a =ty-f\r1 ! tools may be advantage\sly made a little diff]5t1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dj4 ,! %ank ( ! tool may be made ( a *eap] grade ( /eel & ! ext5sion mu* small] ?an ! bore ( ! gun4 ,at a1 is %[n a /eel ?imble t is turn$ to ! prop] size & has tee? cut on ! end4 ,?is is temp]$ & is put on ov] ! ext5sion & held by a wire or p9 pass+ ?r\gh bo? ?imble & ext5sion4 ,at b is ano!r ?imble1 made pref]ably ( brass1 t fits ! bore4 ,x c !n be work$ 9 ! b>rel ) less fe> ( scrat*+ ! b>rel1 z might be ! case if x 7 ( /eel or iron4 ,! space left betwe5 ! brass ?imble & ! tee? =ms a recess to receive ! cutt+s4 ,! diamet] ( a twelve gauge *amb]+ tool w be ab\t =ty-n9e sixty-f\r?s1 & ! diamet] ( ! *amb]+ tool w be ab\t tw5ty-sev5 ?irty-seconds4 ,! l5g? ( ! cutt+ ?imbles c be ab\t "o in*4 ,! brass ?imbles ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*4 ,! cutt+ ?imbles %\ld re/ aga9/ a %\ld]1 z at c4 ,^! ?imbles %\ld be fa/5$1 a f9i% turn$ on ! %anks on :i* !y are to rema91 aft] ! %anks are turn$4 ,! brass ?imbles are held by be+ driv5 on ! ext5sion1 & %\ld be turn$ up true aft] be+ driv5 9 place4 ,:5 mak+ ^! tools1 =m ! cutt] = ! *amb] ab\t "o-hundr$? ( an in* l>g] ?an ! bore ( ! c>tridge to all[ = easy extraction4 ,! brass ?imbles ought to be ( ! size ( ! int]ior ( ! c>tridge1 :i* is suppos$ to be exactly ! same z ! bore4 ,! tool = recess+ ! head may be a trifle l>g]1 say ab\t a ?irty-second1 ?an ! diamet] ( ! c>tridge head4 ,if x be made "o-sixte5? l>g] x w n matt]4 ,eight cutt+ tee? are en\gh = ^! tools4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,on ,,gun ,,ribs4 ,h[ to ,/raight5 a ,gun ,rib4--,gun ribs1 z receiv$ f ! manufactur] or deal]1 are m or less crook$ & w9d+ & mu/ be made /raight be=e be+ fa/5$ to ! gun b>rel4 ,sometimes ?is /raight5+ c be done ) ! h&s alone1 by b5d+ & twi/+ ! rib4 ,if !re are %ort crooks1 ! hamm] mu/ be us$4 ,select a hamm] t has a flat p5e & ?is p5e mu/ be 8across0 or at "r angles to ! h&le4 ,see t ! p5e is n too %>p1 b smoo? & r\nd$ at its edge4 ,place ! rib to be /raight5$ on a piece ( h>d wood plank1 or :at is bett]1 get a piece ( two-in* plank ab\t a foot wide & long en\gh to rea* f ! floor to a height a little above ! "w-b5*1 say ab\t ! height ( ! top ( ! vise4 ,x may be held 9 an upright position by means ( a screw pass+ ?r\gh x into ! b5*1 or x c be s held by sett+ x on ! floor & clamp+ "o side betwe5 ! jaws ( ! vise4 ,on ?is hold ! rib1 l5g?wise ) ! end ( ! plank1 & us+ ! p5e ( ! hamm]1 /rike bl[s on ! inn] or curv$ side ( ! rib4 ,d n /rike h>d en\gh to d5t or bruise ! rib s z to %[ on ! opposite side4 ,by a little practice a rib c be made v /raight & true4 ,h[ to ,fit a ,rib4--,sometimes "o side ( a rib is long] ?an ! o!r4 ,fit x into a prop]ly %ap$ groove 9 a piece ( bo>d1 clamp x s z to hold firmly & file away ! long] side s z to mat* ! n>r[ "o4 ,! clamps c be made ( two pieces ( wood plac$ on ea* side ( ! "p to be fil$1 hold+ !m & ! rib ) wood screws1 ! rib be+ mov$ along z a portion is fil$4 ,h[ to ,fit a ,rib to an ,octagon ,b>rel4--,to fit a rib to an octagon b>rel1 file ! portion :]e x comes 9 contact1 squ>e across s z to h all ! surface possible to t\* ! b>rel4 ,to fit x to a r\nd b>rel1 file l5g?wise ) a half-r\nd file1 & s file t ! out] edges w fit close1 leav+ ! inn] edges a little op51 or n q t\*+ ! b>rel4 ,a half-r\nd file = fitt+ ribs to r\nd b>rels %\ld h ! tang b5t t[>d ! flat side s t :5 ! file h&le is put on1 x w n int]f]e ) fil+4 ,h[ to ,sold] on a ,rib4--,! inn] edges ( ! rib mu/ be fil$ bright & smoo?1 s mu/ t portion :]e x t\*es ! b>rel4 ,be> 9 m9d t sold] w n adh]e1 unless ! surface is made bright4 ,?is be+ done wet a %ort l5g? ( ! rib ) sold]+ acid1 w>m x to a prop] heat 9 ! =ge fire1 & ) a common sold]+ copp]1 also prop]ly heat$1 t9 or cov] ! melt$ surface ) sold]4 ,) ! acid wet ano!r di/ance1 say ab\t ?ree in*es1 heat & t9 ?is1 & s repeat until ! entire l5g? ( ! rib has be5 gone ov]4 ,be c>eful to h pl5ty ( sold] adh]+ to ! inn] sides4 ,also be v c>eful n to heat ! rib s z to blue or black5 x1 = :5 s done no sold] w adh]e1 & ! surface s made mu/ be bright5$ up aga9 be=e go+ any fur!r ) ! t9n+4 ,! next ?+ to be done is to draw-file ! gun b>rel :]e ! rib is to be fa/5$ on1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ! surface bright & clean1 or ! sold] w n adh]e4 ,place ! bree* end ( ! b>rel 9 a clean *>coal fire & c>efully w>m x suffici5tly1 wet ) ! acid1 & ) ! sold]+ copp] t9 ov] :]e x 0 draw-fil$4 ,two te/s c be appli$ to le>n if ! b>rel be suffici5tly heat$4 ,"o is t :5 a drop ( acid is put on x w 8sizzle0 or boil2 ! o!r te/ is to hold x close to ! *eek & if a w>m 8gl[0 ( heat is felt f x1 x is hot en\gh4 ,:5 ! surface is t9n$1 & be=e ! b>rel is cold en\gh s z to h>d5 ! sold]1 wipe (f ! surplus ) a rag1 & if ! rag be slightly oil$1 x w op]ate all ! bett]4 ,! sold] us$ is common s(t sold] su* z us$ by t9smi?s4 ,repeat ! process ( heat+ & t9n+ ?ree or f\r in*es at a "t1 until ! entire l5g? ( ! b>rel has be5 gone ov]4 ,!n1 aft] x is cool1 place ! rib 9 position1 conf9+ x 9 place ) b9d+ wire1 putt+ x r\nd bo? rib & b>rel1 twi/+ ! ends pretty firmly toge!r4 ,fa/5 ! rib 9 ?is way1 at int]vals ( ab\t six in*es1 be+ c>eful t ! rib is held ev5ly1 closely & firmly to ! b>rel4 ,n[ comm5ce at ! bree*1 heat bo? b>rel & rib c>efully1 avoid+ all smoke & soot1 wett+ ! jo9t on ea* side ( ! rib ) ! acid1 t\*+ ! "p ) sold] tak5 up on ! po9t ( ! heat$ sold]+ copp]4 ,! surplus sold] on ! inn] surface ( ! rib w fl[ d[n to ! jo9t1 betwe5 ! rib & ! b>rel1 z x is heat$1 & by t\*+ ! jo9t ) ! copp] *>g$ ) sold]1 ! out] edges ( ! jo9t w be completely fill$1 & bo? b>rel & rib be p]fectly unit$4 ,s cont9ue until ! rib is sold]$ its entire l5g?4 ,:5 cool remove ! b9d+ wires1 & wa% ?or\ghly ) w>m wat]4 ,?is w remove ! acid1 :i* w\ld o!rwise ru/ ! bright surface4 ,wipe dry & if ! "w is to /& = any l5g? ( "t1 oil x lightly by rubb+ x ov] ) a rag t is moi/5$ ) oil4 ,! be/ way to remove ! surplus sold] at ! jo9ts is by means ( scrap]s4 ,take an old flat file1 ab\t six in*es long1 gr9d ! tee? clean (f on ea* side = an in* or two at ! end1 & also gr9d ! end 8squ>e40 ,by us+ ?is tool 9 ! same way t a *isel is us$1 x is v effective4 ,a scrap] made ( an old ?ree-squ>e file ) ! tee? gr\nd away at ! end is also a good tool4 ,c>efully remove all traces ( sold] or x w %[ aft] ! b>rel has be5 us$ a little4 ,if ! "w is to be br[n$1 ! br[n+ w n 8take0 :]e ! sold] rema9s4 ,h[ to ,re-sold] ,ribs4--,x (t5 happ5s t d\ble guns are br\ght 9 t h ! top rib loos5$ f ! b>rels at ! bree*1 & sometimes ! sold]+ ( ! b>rels1 also at ! bree*1 has be5 brok51 s t !y are q sep>at$4 ,! cause ( ?is is g5]ally an ef=t to remove ! pat5t bree*es by "s "o :o has n ! prop] appliances = ! "w4 ,! b>rels be+ caught 9 a vise1 & a monkey-wr5*1 or "s simil> k9d ( wr5*1 appli$1 & z ! bree*es fit v tight1 p]haps be+ ru/$ some:at1 consid]able =ce is appli$1 & ! torsion or twi/+ s occasion$ />ts & sep>ates ! p>ts z describ$4 ,to re-unite ^! p>ts1 remove ! bree*es1 c>efully raise ! rib z f> z c be done )\t b5d+ x1 & hold x ?us 9 place by ins]t+ a slip ( wood s z to reta9 x4 ,use a slim-po9t$ scrap] & scrape bright & clean ! surface ( ! rib1 & bo? b>rels1 :]e ! rib comes 9 contact4 ,t9 ! p>ts ) a heavy sold]+ copp]1 b d n put !m 9 ! fire to heat !m2 rely solely on ! heat ( ! copp]1 tak+ "t to d ! "w4 ,:5 nicely t9n$1 put ! rib 9 place1 conf9+ x ) b9d+ wire1 & f9i% ! sold]+ 9 ! =ge fire1 ! same z :5 putt+ on new ribs4 ,be=e putt+ ! rib 9 place1 fill ! space betwe5 ! rib & b>rels pretty full ( sold]1 cut 9 /rips1 l pieces ( wire4 ,if necess>y1 use ! copp] to assi/ ! sold]+1 z !y are be+ work$ 9 ! fire4 ,a scrap] = su* "w may be made ( a small ?ree-squ>e file1 say ab\t f\r in*es long2 gr9d ! sides s z to remove ! tee?1 & %>p5 to a po9t4 ,z a precaution aga9/ />t+ ! rib f ! b>rel by heat+1 put pieces ( b9d+ wire tightly ar\nd1 bo? above & bel[1 twi/+ !m tightly4 ,) ?is security !re w be no h>m done ev5 if ! sold] be melt$ betwe5 rib & b>rel1 9 proximity to ! ?imble4 ,height ( ,ribs4--,! only way to asc]ta9 ! prop] height ( a gun rib1 :5 put on ! b>rels1 is to take ! l5g? ( ! b>rels1 & f ?is l5g? make ! calculation1 z diff]5t l5g?s require "s diff]5ce 9 height ( rib4 ,x is to be suppos$ t =ty y>ds is ! di/ance f ! %oot] to ! object fir$ at1 & at ?is di/ance a heavy *>ge ( %ot w drop ab\t twelve in*es4 ,z ! sights on %ot guns are fix$1 x is necess>y t ! rib be s elevat$ z to comp5sate = ?is dropp+ ( twelve in*es4 ,( c\rse a light] *>ge ( %ot w n drop s mu* z ! heavy "o1 b ! calculation may be bas$ on ! heavy *>ge4 ,to asc]ta9 ! elevation at ! bree*1 take ! ?ickness ( ! bree* & muzzle & multiply ! diff]5ce by z _m times z ! l5g? ( ! b>rels is conta9$ 9 ! =ty y>ds4 ,?is gives ! elevation ( ! b>rels )\t ! rib1 & ! diff]5ce mu/ be made out by elevat+ ! rib4 ,_m %oot]s compla9 t :5 _! b>rels h be5 %ort5$ ! %oot+ is n ! same1 & !y lay ?is fault to ! b>rels be+ cut %ort]1 :5 x is (t5 due to ! diff]5ce ( elevation f t !y 7 accu/om$ to use4 ,suppose a pair ( b>rels 7 to be %ort5$1 say1 f\r in*es1 at ! same elevation !re w be m l5g?s 9 ! =ty y>ds1 h5ce a diff]5ce 9 ! sight+ & consequ5tly 9 ! %oot+4 ,! calculation = ! elevation ( ribs is ! same z t giv5 = fitt+ b>rels toge!r1 & ! same pr9ciples !re giv5 w apply to ?is subject4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,on ,,?imbles4 ,h[ to ,make ,?imbles4--,:at is call$ a ?imble by gunsmi?s is ! %ort tube1 sold]$1 or o!rwise atta*$ to ! gun b>rel1 :i* reta9s ! ramrod 9 place :5 n 9 use4 ,to make ^! ?imbles1 =m !m on a piece ( /eel ab\t a foot long1 turn$ tap]+2 ! l>ge end be+ ab\t n9e-sixte5?s1 & ! small end ab\t five-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,?is w answ] = ab\t all sizes ( wood5 rods z !y are pur*as$4 ,^! rods are g5]ally1 ! l>ge/ ( !m1 ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in* diamet] at ! l>ge end & ab\t ?ree-eigh?s at ! small end4 ,! ?imbles may be made ( brass1 iron1 or ,g]man silv]1 accord+ to ta/e1 b iron is g5]ally pref]r$4 ,take common %eet or ,russia iron1 ! same z us$ = mak+ /ove-pipe4 ,! be/ ?ickness is ab\t tw5ty-two or tw5ty-?ree1 by ! ,engli% gauge4 ,= conv5i5ce1 get ! %eet cut 9 /rips f an in* to an in* & a-half 9 wid?--! t9smi?'s squ>+ %e>s be+ a ready means to cut up ! %eet into /rips4 ,g5]ally make ! upp] ?imble ab\t an in* & a half long1 & ! l[] or middle ?imbles1 be ^! "o or two1 a little n>r[]1 say1 ab\t an in*4 ,= p]man5cy & looks a long ?imble is pref]able4 ,cut (f pieces f ! /rips ( %eet-iron1 j long en\gh to g ar\nd ! ramrod1 !n roll !m up l a tube by b5d+ !m ar\nd a tap]$ /eel rod1 us+ a small h>d wood mallet = ! purpose1 hold+ !m 9 ! vise to assi/ 9 ! op]ation4 ,= rifle rods1 :i* are n tap]$1 ! ?imbles may be roll$ up on a /raight piece ( /eel1 a trifle l>g] ?an ! rod1 s t ! rod w slide easily )9 :5 put 9 place4 ,take pa9s 9 =m+ !m1 s t ! fold or jo9t w come ev5ly & squ>ely toge!r4 ,h[ to ,put ,?imbles on ,b>rels4--,file bright & t9 ! ?imbles :]e !y are to be jo9$ to ! rib4 ,obs]ve if ! ?imbles fit ! rod prop]ly by putt+ ! rod 9 !m & !n ins]t+ ! rod 9 place 9 ! gun /ock4 ,m>k ! place on ! rib or b>rel :]e ! ?imbles are to be fa/5$1 & remove bo? rod & ?imbles f ! gun4 ,if to be atta*$ to a rib1 file a spot ! l5g? ( ! ?imbles :]e x 0 m>k$1 & file x ( a dep? equal to ! ?ickness ( ! metal ( :i* ! ?imble is made4 ,too deep fil+ may cut ?r\gh ! rib1 & too little fil+ w leave ! ?imble project+ above ! rib1 s t ! rod w hit or rub z x is be+ pu%$ d[n 9 place4 ,also let ! jo9t ( ! ?imble come 9 ! c5tre ( ! rib :5 x is sold]$ 9 place4 ,t9 ! places fil$1 by heat+ ! b>rel c>efully ov] ! =ge fire1 us+ ! sold]+ acid z = t9n+ ! ?imbles4 ,a common t9n]'s sold]+ copp] is be/ to apply ! sold]4 ,:5 ! b>rel is cool en\gh to h&le put ! ?imbles on ! rod1 & ! rod 9 place z x is int5d$ to be :5 f9i%$4 ,conf9e ! ?imbles to ! b>rel ) pieces ( b9d+ wire1 us+ two pieces to a ?imble1 "o at ea* end4 ,by putt+ ! rod into ! ?imbles & conf9+ !m ?us1 !re is no dang] ( _! be+ 8askew0 aft] be+ fa/5$1 & by putt+ on two wires !re is less dang] ( _! mov+ :ile be+ sold]$ to ! b>rel4 ,make a cle> fire 9 ! =ge1 us+ *>coal if x c be obta9$1 heat ! b>rel v c>efully until small pieces ( sold] w be melt$ :5 plac$ on ! inside ( ! ?imble4 ,h ! sold]+ copp] heat$1 & by us+ x & apply+ ! acid an ev5 am\nt ( ! sold] c be appli$ to ! jo9t outside ! ?imble :]e x jo9s ! b>rel4 ,:5 all are sold]$ let ! b>rel cool1 remove ! b9d+ wires & wa% ) w>m wat] to remove ! acid flux1 :i* w\ld ru/ ! "w4 ,a /iff bru% is be/ to wa% )4 ,scrape (f ! sup]flu\s sold]1 rub ! ?imbles bright ) em]y-clo?1 or let !m rema9 ! black color1 z may be desir$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,on ,,rifl+ ,,( ,,guns4 ,importance ( ,rifl+4--,9 a rifle ! groov+ is ( ! utmo/ importance2 = velocity )\t accuracy is useless4 ,to det]m9e ! be/ k9d ( groove has be51 accord+ly1 ! object ( ! mo/ labori\s inve/igations4 ,! ball requires an initial rot>y motion suffici5t to keep x 8sp9n+0 up to its range1 & is f\nd to ga9 9 accuracy by increas+ ?is rot>y spe$2 b if ! pit* ( ! grooves be too great1 ! ball w refuse to foll[ !m2 b be+ driv5 across !m1 8/rips0--t is1 ! lead 9 ! grooves is torn (f1 & ! ball goes on )\t rotation4 ,! ,engli% gun-smi?s avoid$ ! dilemma by giv+ ! requisite pit* & mak+ ! grooves v deep1 & ev5 by hav+ w+s or lugs ca/ on ! ball to keep x 9 ! grooves--exp$i5ts :i* increase ! friction 9 ! b>rel & ! resi/ance ( ! air enorm\sly4 ,! ,am]ican gun-mak]s solv$ ! problem by adopt+ ! 8ga9+ twi/10 9 :i* ! grooves />t f ! bree* ne>ly p>allel to ! axis ( ! b>rel1 & gradually increase ! spiral1 until1 at ! muzzle1 x has ! pit* ( "o revolution 9 ?ree to f\r2 ! pit* be+ great] z ! bore is less4 ,?is gives1 z a result1 safety f /ripp+1 & a rapid revolution at ! exit1 ) comp>atively little friction & %all[ groove-m>ks on ! ball1 accompli%+ :at is dem&$ ( a rifl$ b>rel1 to a degree t no o!r comb9ation ( groove & =m ( missile ev] has4 ,!re is no way ( rifl+ s secure z t 9 :i* ! walls ( ! grooves are p>ts ( radii ( ! bore4 ,!y %\ld be num]\s1 t ! hold ( ! l&s1 or ! projection left betwe5 ! grooves1 may divide ! friction & resi/ance z mu* z possible1 & s p]mit ! grooves to be z %all[ z may be4 ,fig4 #da repres5ts grooves cut 9 ?is way1 b exagg]at$ to %[ m cle>ly _! "*4 ,9 ! ,k5tucky rifle ?is law is foll[$1 except t = conv5i5ce 9 rifl+1 ! grooves are made ( ! same wid? at ! bottom & top1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #db1 :i* is1 = ! grooves ( ! dep? ( :i* !y are g5]ally made1 practically ! same1 ! dep? 9 ! cut be+ two or ?ree times t g5]ally us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #da4 ,u4 ,s4 ,rifl+ ,ma*9es4--,! rifl+ ma*9es 9 use by ! ,u4 ,s4 ,gov]nm5t at ! ,spr+field ,armory = cutt+ _! groov$ rifles may ?us be describ$3 ,! b>rel is plac$ 9 a horizontal position 9 an iron frame1 & held !re v firmly4 ,! grooves are made by ?ree %ort /eel cutt]s plac$ )9 ?ree mortices1 made to receive !m1 ne> ! end ( a /eel tube :i* is mov$ ?r\gh ! bore ( ! b>rel by sl[ rot>y & progressive motion4 ,! cutt]s are n>r[ pieces ( /eel hav+ ^u "o side ?ree angul> %ap$ tee? ab\t "o-sixte5? ( an in* 9 height1 & ( ! wid? ( ! groove1 gr\nd to a v %>p edge at ! top4 ,x is ^! :i* produce ! rifl+4 ,! ?ree cutt]s1 :5 ins]t$ 9 ! tube1 =m ^u _! inn] surface a small op5+ :i* decreases t[>d ! inn] end4 ,into ?is is ins]t$ a tap]$ /eel rod1 & is s controll$ by a connect+ cog-:eel t ?is rod is pu%$1 at e revolution1 a little fur!r into ! tap]$ op5+ =m$ by ! inn] edges ( ! ?ree cutt]s4 ,! effect ( ?is is to increase ! pressure ( ! cutt]s ^u ! inn] surface ( ! b>rel1 & ?us gradually1 at ea* /roke ( ! ma*9e1 deep5 ! cuts z produc$ by ! rifl+4 ,! rod makes ab\t twelve revolutions 9 a m9ute & x occupies ab\t ?irty m9utes to rifle a b>rel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #db4 ,old-,fa%ion$ ,rifl+ ,ma*9e4--,b ! gun-mak] :o builds rifles to ord]1 & p]haps !n b a s+le "o at a "t1 uses q a diff]5t app>atus = rifl+1 al?\gh ! pr9ciple involv$ is ! v same4 ,_m ( ! old gunsmi?s made _! own rifl+ ma*9es4 ,! simple/ =m 0 a common joi/1 two in*es ?ick & six in*es wide4 ,! l5g? ab\t twice t ( any b>rel to be rifl$4 ,at "o end1 on ! n>r[ side1 0 fix$ 9 two be>+s1 "o at ea* end s z to turn freely1 an old rifle b>rel4 ,at ! o!r end ( ! timb]1 9 a l9e ) ! b>rel 0 fix$ two /&>ds 9 :i* to firmly fa/5 ! b>rel to be rifl$4 ,at ! end ( ! old rifle b>rel1 & on ! end ne>e/ to ! end ( ! timb] 0 fix$ a circul> plate ( iron1 l a :eel :i* 0 made ) divisions on its circumf]5ce1 & _h a cat* :i* 0 fa/5$ to ! wood1 & :5 ! end ( ?is cat* engag$ "o ( ! divisions x w\ld firmly hold ! b>rel 9 place4 ,:5 ?is plate 0 turn$ ! b>rel also turn$4 ,inside ( ?is b>rel 0 plac$ a rod ( iron1 ar\nd :i* 0 ca/ "s s(t metal1 z babbit metal or old type metal1 or ev5 lead4 ,?is 0 done by putt+ ! rod 9 ! b>rel & !n p\r+ 9 ! metal :5 melt$4 ,a h&le1 simil> to an aug] h&le 0 fix$ transv]sely to "o end1 b 9 su* a mann] z to turn ar\nd freely on ! rod4 ,z ! rod 0 pu%$ back & =? ! s(t metal foll[$ ! rifl+ grooves1 & ?is caus$ a turn1 fir/ 9 "o direction & !n 9 ano!r4 ,by ! rod be+ loose on ! h&le ! h&s 7 held 9 ! same position4 ,! rifl+ rod 0 atta*$ to ! opposite end ( ! rod 9 ! old b>rel & c>ri$ a cutt] let into a n>r[ groove made 9 ! extreme end ( ! rifl+ rod4 ,v (t5 ^! rods 7 made ( wood l a /raight ramrod4 ,x is evid5t if a b>rel be plac$ 9 ! clamps & ! rifl+ rod be>+ a suitable cutt] be ent]$ 9 ! bore ( ! b>rel & ! rod ?ru/ =w>d by pu%+ x ) ! h&le1 t a fa9t spiral l cut w be ! result4 ,:5 ! cutt] _h done its "w1 or done all t x w\ld cut1 ! plate 0 turn$ "o division1 rotat+ ! old b>rel ) ! rifl+ rod j t am\nt1 ! b>rel to be rifl$1 ( c\rse1 n be+ turn$ at all4 ,ano!r cutt+ 0 done l ! fir/ "o1 !n ano!r1 & s on until ! complete circle ( ! divisions _h be5 made1 & a c]ta9 numb] ( fa9t rifles made 9 ! fix$ b>rel4 ,! cutt] 0 !n remov$ f its slot1 a slip ( writ+ pap] plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! slot & ! cutt] put 9 place & a repetition ( ! same op]ation gone ov] aga91 & !n repeat$ until ! rifl+ 0 ( ! desir$ dep?4 ,oil 0 suppli$ to ! c5tres :ile go+ back & =? 9 _! "w4 ,ga9 ,twi/ ,rifl+ ,ma*9e4--,:at is call$ a ga9 twi/ 0 made ) a slightly diff]5t app>atus4 ,:at is t]m$ a 8lead0 0 fix$ s z to revolve 9 /&>ds1 & at ! same "t be capable ( be+ ?ru/ =w>d & pull$ back to its />t+ place4 ,?is lead c>ri$ at "o end ! rifl+ rod4 ,at ! opposite end ! h&le = op]at+ x1 0 fix$4 ,! lead 0 sev]al in*es 9 diamet] & ! holes 9 ! /&>ds t support$ x ( l diamet]4 ,"o make ( lead _h a groove cut spirall+ 9 its surface & exactly ! same z ! rifl+ to be made4 ,9 "o ( ! /&>ds a /ud 0 fix$ t ent]$ ! groove & compell$ x to turn accord+ z ! groove 0 made4 ,! b>rel to be rifl$ 0 fix$ s z to turn z ne$$ to make ! diff]5t rifles or grooves4 ,ano!r make ( lead _h a rib made ( a /rip ( h>d wood t 0 b5t ar\nd ! rod & 0 held 9 place by screws4 ,?is rib 0 ! c\nt]p>t ( ! rifl+ & 0 receiv$ 9 a mortice cut = x 9 "o ( ! /&>ds1 ! managem5t ( ! rifl+ rod be+ ! same 9 all cases4 ,re-rifl+4--,"o me?od ( re-rifl+ is to make a rod ) a mortice 9 "o end to receive a rifl+ cutt] or 8saw0 z "s t]m !m1 & fix at ! o!r end a h&le l an aug] h&le1 b s fix$ t ! rod w turn ar\nd freely no matt] h[ ! h&le may be held4 ,?is rod is ins]t$ 9 ! b>rel to be re-rifl$ & ! cutt] =c$ ?r\gh "o ( ! rifles1 :i* mu/ be deep en\gh to =ce x to foll[ its direction :5 pu%$ =w>d & pull$ back until x w\ld cut no m1 x w\ld be plac$ 9 ano!r rifle & s cont9u$ until ! circuit ( ! rifl+ is made4 ,a slip ( pap] is !n put "u ! cutt] & a repetition ( ! process made & cont9u$ until ! rifles are cut z deep z desir$4 ,if x be fe>$ t ! rifles1 opposite to ^? :]e ! cutt] is at "w1 w be injur$ by its be>+ ^u !m1 a dove-tail$ groove is made across ! rod opposite :]e ! cutt] is plac$1 & 9 ?is is fitt$ a slip ( wood t is cut to fit ! curvature ( ! base ( ! b>rel4 ,if a bit ( half-r\nd file or a cutt] be made to be ins]t$ 9 place ( ! slip ( wood1 ! l&s c be f9i%$ at ! same "t t ! grooves are be+ cut deep]4 ,:5 b>rels are s worn t ! rifles h n dep? en\gh to hold ! tool describ$ = re-rifl+1 ano!r process mu/ be resort$ to4 ,make a rod ( h>d wood ab\t six or sev5 in*es long & s z to slide easily ?r\gh ! b>rel4 ,9 "o end ( ?is fix ! cutt]4 ,ar\nd ! o!r end ca/ lead or o!r s(t metal s z to fill ! rifles4 ,x is evid5t if ?is %ort rod be =c$ ?r\gh ! b>rel by means ( a long] "o1 t x mu/ turn ) ! rifl+1 be+ s =c$ to d by ! s(t metal engag+ ! sev]al rifles4 ,! op]ation ( work+ be+ ! same z previ\sly describ$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,on ,,gun ,,locks4 ,quality ( ,locks4--,x is impossible to judge ! quality ( a gun lock by a m]e exam9ation1 = if ! metal be n ! v be/ & ! workman%ip be also good1 "s portions1 z a spr+1 may gr[ weak & 9 an ungu>d$ mom5t give way4 ,if ! ma9spr+ be n ?or\ghly temp]$ x may break ! fir/ "t x be us$ on a fro/y morn+4 ,x is well to see if ! atta*m5t ( ! /irrup or swivel be well made & fitt$1 z ?is controls ! movem5ts & play ( ! ma9spr+4 ,! fitt+ ( ! se> spr+ on ! se> is important4 ,if too mu* cramp$1 x may give way2 if n en\gh cramp$1 !n x may gr[ weak & !re w n be t %>p1 cle> click t ! admir] ( a good lock likes to he>4 ,on ! hang+ ( ! swivel or /irrup dep5ds ! smoo?ness ( play ( ! ma9spr+4 ,on ! plac+ ( ! hole = ! se>-p9 dep5ds ! sweetness ( ! se> op]at+ on ! tumbl]4 ,on ! pit*+ ( ! se> dep5ds ! cutt+ ( ! not*es ( ! tumbl]1 & on ! =mation ( ! fir/ not* dep5ds ! liability ( ! lock cat*+ at half-cock :5 ! trigg] is made to be easily pull$ f ! full cock not*4 ,on ! =mation ( ! half-cock not* dep5ds ! safety ( c>ry+ ! arm at half-cock4 ,! ,back ,action ,lock4--,!re are v>i\s =ms ( gun locks1 & ea* =m has its admir]s4 ,! back action %[n 9 ,fig4 #dc admits ( ! arm be+ put toge!r m /rongly & securely ?an any o!r plan4 ,o!r advantages claim$ = x are t ! ma9spr+ c be made long] & w !re=e be less liable to break1 & by su* l5g? has a smoo!r work+ motion to ! hamm]4 ,z ! lock plate is almo/ entirely surr\nd$ by ! wood ( ! /ock1 !re is less liability ( wet gett+ into ! int]ior1 & ?is may especially be ! case z ! h&1 9 c>ry+ ! gun1 cov]s "s portion ( ! lock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #dc4 ,! ,b> ,lock4--,?is lock1 ,fig4 #dd1 is s call$ f a b> =m$ at ! bree* end ( ! b>rel1 & to ?is b> ! lock is fitt$4 ,! great advantage ( ?is lock is t x admits ( ! /ock to be s %ap$ t ! grasp ( ! h& naturally tight5s z ! gun is rais$ to ! %\ld]4 ,! objection rais$ by "s to ?is lock is t x is m p]vi\s to wet ?an ! back action lock4 ,?is lock possesses ! advantage ( hav+ an arm ( ! tumbl] s made t by ! swivel or /irrup be+ hung ^u t :5 ! lock is at full cock ! weight ( ! spr+ =ce is less5$ by ! arm act+ z a lev] to br+ ! mov+ =ce 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! axis on :i* ! tumbl] turns1 & :5 ! spr+ is br++ ! hamm] d[n on ! nipple1 increas+ t =ce by div]g5ce4 ,x is sometimes call$ ! ,full ,b> ,lock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #dd4 ,side ,action ,lock4--,9 ,fig4 #de is %[n ano!r =m ( lock1 commonly call$ a side action4 ,! me*anism & arrangem5t is simil> to ! full b>1 b x has a %\ld] t fits up to ! b>rel4 ,if ! gun be fitt$ ) a plug or cyl9d] a suitable half r\nd recess is cut 9 ?is %\ld] to receive ! plug4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #de4 ,! ,wesley ,b>4--,! ,wesley b> %[n 9 ,fig4 #df diff]s f ! common b> lock by be+ ( diff]5t %ape at ! =e end1 & ?is end does n fit up to ! b>rel l ! b> lock4 ,by ! wood almo/ surr\nd+ ! plate1 ! int]ior is pretty well protect$ f wet4 ,x has ! same m]it ( ! /ock be+ s %ap$ z to tight5 9 ! h& :5 rais$ to take sight4 ,?is lock has "o objection1 ! wood betwe5 ! lock-plate & b>rel has to be cut s ?9 t ! recoil ( ! gun is v apt to break & spl9t] x4 ,! ,c5tral ,lock4--,!re is a grade ( guns made ) locks enclos$ 9 ! bree*1 or a cont9uation ( ! bree*1 9 ! same mann] z common revolv]s & o!r pi/ol locks are made4 ,a view ( ?is lock is giv5 9 ,fig4 #dg4 ,! pr9ciple is mu* ! same z ! back action lock :5 ! hamm] is plac$ on "o side z 9 ! back action lock4 ,"o side ( ! frame has ! same (fice z ! lock plate1 & ! o!r side supports ! tumbl] & o!r p>ts ! same z ! bridle4 ,! =mation ( ! tumbl] is su* t no se> is necess>y1 ! trigg] be>+ directly aga9/ x2 ! po9t ( ! trigg] hav+ ! same (fice z ! nose ( ! tumbl]1 a small spr+ keep+ x to place to cat* 9 ! tumbl] not*es4 ,g5]ally ?is =m ( lock has ! hamm] plac$ directly 9 ! c5tral l9e ( ! bore ( ! b>rel1 & :5 s plac$ ! l[] end ( ! hamm] has ! same (fice z ! tumbl] & is %ap$ & has not*es cut z 9 a side lock tumbl]4 ,z ?is =m ( lock has few p>ts1 & has a long fea!r-l ma9spr+1 x is easy & pleasant to op]ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #df4 ,clean+ ,locks1 etc4--,:ile ! gunsmi? w be call$ ^u to clean & repair v>i\s p>ts ( fire-arms1 ! lock is ! "p ) :i* he w h consid]able to d4 ,&1 9 mo/ k9d ( guns1 x is ! mo/ complicat$ "p1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! mo/ difficult "p to manage4 ,n a few gun-own]s look ^u x z a k9d ( my/]y )\t ! range ( ord9>y compreh5sion1 h5ce !y c>ry x to ! %op1 n only at ! slighte/ indication ( 8some?+ wrong10 b s (t5 z x w\ld seem to ne$ ?or\gh clean+ & oil+4 ,?is is all well en\gh1 = ! gun z mu* z any?+ comes cle>ly )9 ! application ( ! rule :i* admoni%es t 8a /it* 9 "t saves n9e40 ,all ( :i* be+ ! case1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ?+s t ! gunsmi? w be call$ ^u to /udy w be ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #dg4 ,h[ to ,take ,d[n a ,lock4--,hav+ remov$ ! lock f ! gun1 set ! hamm] at full-cock4 ,apply ! h&-vise1 or ma9spr+ clamp1 if he has "o1 to ! ma9spr+1 hav+ fir/ plac$ a bit ( *amois sk9 or felt betwe5 ! jaws ( ! vise & ! spr+ to prev5t bruis+ or scrat*+ ! poli%$ surface ( ! latt]4 ,turn up ! vise g5tly until ! hamm] feels loose4 ,n[ press ^u ! se>-spr+ & let d[n ! hamm]4 ,! ma9spr+ is n[ entirely loose1 & may be lift$ out ) ! vise4 ,?is ends ! complication ( ! lock2 x is n[ only a pla9 ma*9e1 ) p>ts held into position by screws1 :i* may be remov$ "o at a "t until e piece has be5 tak5 f ! plate4 ,9 tak+ d[n a lock ! beg9n] %\ld "w sl[ly & cauti\sly1 ?9k+ 9 e case be=e act+4 ,8 screwdriv] %\ld be press$ well-d[n 9 ! not* ( e screw to prev5t damage to ! head1 & if he appreh5ds ! slighte/ dang] ( gett+ 8?+s mix$10 he %\ld lay ea* screw & its piece 9 diff]5t places ^u 8 b5*4 ,( c\rse1 !re w be no su* necessity aft] a few locks h be5 tak5 d[n1 b su* a necessity might exi/ at ! v beg9n+2 at lea/ !re is no h>m to gr[ out ( tak+ :at is kn[n to be ! safe side 9 e case4 ,! directions giv5 = tak+ d[n1 ref] to ! common lock1 :ile locks ( "s ( ! mod]n guns w be made on plans q diff]5t4 ,b ! pr9ciple w be ! same1 & h5ce !re is no reasonable dem& = go+ into fur!r detail4 ,! fir/ object w be to get control ( ! ma9spr+ s t x c be lift$ out ) ease4 ,?is atta9$1 & all ! re/ ( ! "w is easy en\gh4 ,to ,clean & ,oil ! ,lock4--,bot*es usually wipe ! old oil & dirt f ! p>ts ) a rag1 put on fre% oil1 & !n put ! lock toge!r aga94 ,?is is a poor way1 = a portion ( ! old gummy oil w be left to comb9e ) ! new1 ?us soon mak+ x ab\t z bad z ! old4 ,e "p %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$ & dri$ be=e any new oil is us$4 ,fir/ wipe ! dirt & old oil (f z ?or\ghly z possible ) a piece ( clo? or felt1 & !n rub x ov] ) p[d]$ *alk or ,spani% :it+4 ,next bru% (f & rub ) a /iff bru% su* z is us$ by jewel]s or wat*mak]s4 ,?is w remove all ! old oil1 aft] :i* ! new oil may be appli$4 ,cases may turn up 9 :i* ! lock has be5 long neglect$1 & ! oil & dirt h gumm$ toge!r s badly z n to admit ( wip+ (f4 ,9 su* cases ! p>ts %\ld be soak$ = a %ort "t 9 k]os5e or 9 b5z9e1 :i* is /ill bett]4 ,?is w dissolve ! gum & r5d] x easy ( removal4 ,9 oil+1 only oil en\gh %\ld be appli$ to lubricate ! p>ts--!re is mu* m dang] ( gett+ on too mu* oil ?an too little4 ,x %\ld be put on ) a /ubb$ camel's hair bru% or p5cil1 z ! pa9t]s call x1 & ) extreme lightness4 ,& !re is b "o k9d ( oil fit to be us$ on a lock1 ! v be/ 8wat*mak]'s oil0 obta9able4 ,su* an oil is comp>atively co/ly1 b a s+le bottle1 co/+ #be c5ts1 w oil hundr$s ( locks1 h5ce ! co/ is really n entitl$ to consid]ation1 on acc\nt ( its be+ s decid$ly sup]ior to any o!r oil 9 use4 ,h[ to ,put up a ,lock4--,9 tak+ d[n ! lock ! la/ ?+ remov$ 0 ! se>-spr+1 p]haps--x is mo/ conv5i5t to make t ! la/ ?+4 ,n[1 9 putt+ up ! lock1 t is ! fir/ "p to claim our att5tion4 ,screw ! se>-spr+ into position1 !n ! se>2 next put 9 ! tumbl]1 & !n put on ! bridle4 ,hav+ ?is all "r1 screw on ! hamm] & let x d[n4 ,!n take ! ma9spr+1 clamp$ z x 0 at ! tak+ d[n1 hook x on to ! swivel1 & br+ x up until ! little /eady-p9 is 9 its hole 9 ! plate4 ,n[ unscrew ! vise & ! lock is ready = "w4 ,x w be necess>y to always h&le ! ma9spr+ ) c>e4 ,x is ! fir/ ?+ to come (f 9 tak+ d[n1 & ! la/ to g on 9 putt+ up ! lock2 & ! vise or clamp mu/ be turn$ ^u x only j en\gh to br+ x loose1 & no m4 ,if m1 x may be damag$1 possibly brok54 ,h&l+ ! p>ts ( a lock ) *amois sk9 or pap]1 is a good idea1 :ile bru%+ (f ! *alk & rubb+ !m clean ) ! bru%1 & x is also a good idea n to t\* !m ) ! nak$ f+]s aft]w>ds4 ,few gunsmi?s w\ld be incl9$ to take ?is precaution1 b x is wor?y ( consid]ation if "o desires to be rank$ among ! v be/ & mo/ c>eful ( workm52 z h&l+ ) ! nak$ f+]s is apt to leave ! p>ts 9 su* a condition z w cause !m to ev5tually ru/1 slightly at lea/4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,on ,,fitt+ ,,gun ,,hamm]s4 ,to ,fit a ,hamm] on a ,tumbl]4--,to file ! hole 9 a gun-hamm] s t x w re/ firmly & ev5ly ^u ! squ>$ end ( ! tumbl]1 has te/$ ! skill & pati5ce ( ne>ly e gunsmi?4 ,! usual practice is to drill a hole ne>ly ! diamet] ( ! squ>e ( ! tumbl]1 !n file ?is hole until x fits ! squ>e1 & unless skill & pati5ce are br\ght into requisition1 & a nice fit be ! result1 ! hamm] soon works loose1 !n ne$s refitt+4 ,! rem$y !n g5]ally is1 remove ! hamm] f ! tumbl] & close ! hole a little by cutt+ ar\nd ! squ>$ op5+1 a little di/ance back f ! edge1 ) a %>p cold *isel1 ?us ?r[+ "s ( ! metal inw>d1 clos+ ! hole a trifle4 ,! hamm] is !n put ^u ! tumbl]1 & if x be a little tight is driv5 to place ) a hamm]4 ,aft] "s usage x becomes loose aga91 & has to be aga9 refitt$4 ,x is evid5t t unless :at might be call$ a 8p]fect fit0 be made1 t ! sudd5 arre/ ( ! hamm] ^u ! tube or cone1 z x desc5ds by =ce ( ! ma9spr+1 w cause "s slight displacem5t ( metal :]e ! hamm] & tumbl] come 9 juxtaposition4 ,a repetition ( ^! sudd5 arre/s increases ! displacem5t1 & (t5 !re is consid]able loos5ess ( ! p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #dh4 ,! ,drift = ,squ>+ ! ,hole4--,! rem$y = ?is is v simple1 & c be p]=m$ ) b little labor4 ,aft] ! hole 9 ! hamm] is drill$ introduce ! end ( a squ>e drift1 & drive x /eadily ?r\gh ) bl[s ( a hamm]4 ,! drift w cut a clean hole1 ! exact c\nt]p>t ( its =m1 & ?is hole w ne$ no f9i%+1 if ! drift be prop]ly made to insure its correctness z to be+ smoo? & true4 ,be> 9 m9d t :ile driv+ ! drift1 ! "w mu/ re/ ev5ly & solidly ^u "s firm support1 b 9 su* a way t ! tool w easily pass ?r\gh4 ,! drift is %[n 9 ,fig4 #dh4 ,9 con/ruction x is a rod ( /eel fil$ or s %ap$ t its transv]se section is ( ! precise =m t ! hole is to be made1 & too great c>e _c be tak5 to insure its be+ z correct z possible4 ,! ent]+ end ( ! tool %\ld be made r\nd1 & almo/ fill ! hole z drill$ 9 ! hamm]1 & x %\ld increase gradually 9 size until x arrives at ! full proportions & !n gradually decrease to ! upp] end1 s t x w readily pass ?r\gh ! op5+ made by ! l>g] portion4 ,on ! sides ( ?is tool are cut tee? t ext5d ar\nd x1 be+ cont9u$ f side to side aft] ! mann] ( a screw ?read ^u a bolt4 ,x w be obs]v$ by ref]5ce to ! cut t ! tee? comm5ce on ea* side ( ! squ>e & resemble a f\r-?read$ screw1 ) saw-%ap$ tee?1 made ^u a squ>e rod4 ,a file is ! mo/ ready tool to cut ^! tee?4 ,=ge ! /eel c>efully1 temp] equally1 & d n leave too h>d4 ,:5 prop]ly made x w la/ = an untold am\nt ( "w4 ,! numb] ( cuts or tee? to ! in* may be ab\t t54 ,!re mu/ be suffici5t dep? betwe5 ! tee? to receive ! cutt+s1 & !y mu/ be made /rong en\gh to )/& ! hamm] bl[s4 ,9 driv+ use oil on ! tee?1 & be c>eful to keep x upright1 s z to =m a hole t w enable ! gun-hamm] to /& prop]ly on ! tumbl]4 ,if x be fe>$ t !re w be a v>iation ( ! hole f ! 8squ>e10 turn ! drift a qu>t] turn aft] ! fir/ driv+ & drive aga92 !n turn ano!r qu>t] & drive ! ?ird "t1 & s on ( ! f\r?4 ,! drift may be made ( almo/ any %ape1 & w produce holes ( irregul> =m z readily z squ>e ones4 ,ano!r example is ! mortice 9 ! loop atta*$ "u gun-b>rels1 ?r\gh :i* ! bolt passes1 & also ! same size mortice or slot 9 escut*eons1 :i* are let into ! /ock1 ?r\gh :i* ! same bolt passes4 ,! holes 9 small solid wr5*es to receive squ>e or six-sid$ nuts c be readily & easily made 9 ! same mann]4 ,a ,tool = ,fitt+ ,hamm]s to ,gun ,locks4--,! usual practice 9 fitt+ hamm]s to gun locks is to measure ) ! divid]s ! di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! tumbl]1 :]e x projects beyond ! lock-plate1 to ! c5tre ( ! tube or cone1 & s get ! l5g? ( ! hamm]2 !n drill ! hole 9 ! hamm]1 squ>e ?is hole by ! rule ( 8guess10 & file until x fits ^u ! squ>e ( ! tumbl]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #di4 ,a simple tool c be made by any gunsmi?1 t w greatly facilitate 8 op]ations 9 fitt+ hamm]s4 ,! accompany+ cut 7,fig4 #di7 %[s ?is tool 9 full size4 ,x is made ( iron or /eel1 "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick4 ,! body1 ,a1 ( ! tool is "o-half in* wide1 & has a slot1 a1 ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* wide & "o in* long4 ,! curv$ slot1 b1 is ! same wid?1 & embraces ab\t "o-f\r? ( a circle4 ,! nose-piece1 ,b1 is %ap$ l ! top portion ( a hamm]1 & is held to ! body1 ,a1 by a screw1 c1 & to insure its mov+ 9 a l9e1 & be+ held prop]ly 9 ! slot1 a1 !re is a small /ud1 d1 t fills ! slot4 ,9 ! l[] curv$ portion ( ! body1 :i* is sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 !re is a five-eigh?s hole1 :i* receives ! r\nd portion ( ! piece1 ,c4 ,?is piece has an ext5sion1 z %[n by ! dott$ l9es1 & is held to ,a by a screw1 e4 ,! squ>e hole 9 ?is piece is int5d$ to fit ! squ>e ( ! tumbl] ( ! lock4 ,! ?ickness ( ,c1 at ! r\nd "p :]e x ent]s ,a1 is ! ?ickness ( bo? ,a & ,b4 ,!re is a %\ld] ( ! ?ickness ( ,b1 & ( ! size ( ! body ( ! tool at ! l[] end1 be+ ( ! same diamet]1 s t ! back surfaces ( ,b & ,c are ( ! same ?ickness4 ,! front surface ( ,c is flu% ) ,a4 ,to use ! tool1 put ! squ>e ( ! lock tumbl] 9 ! squ>e hole ( ,c1 & put ! tumbl] screw 9 place4 ,loos5 ! screw1 e1 & turn ! piece1 ,c1 until ! nose ( ,b w re/ pretty firmly on ! gun-tube2 !n turn ! screw to hold x 9 place4 ,loos5 ! screw1 c1 t holds ,b 9 place1 & move ?is piece up or d[n until ! c5tre ( ! nose re/s squ>ely on ! tube2 !n conf9e x 9 place by turn+ up ! screw1 c4 ,?is is n[ an exact patt]n1 giv+ ! l5g?1 %ape ( ! hamm]1 & also a guide to =m ! squ>e :]e x fits ! tumbl]4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! screws & ! /ud1 d1 ought to fill ! slots on ! %\ld] ( ! piece1 ,c1 a good fit1 s t x w turn ev5ly & prop]ly 9 ! hole ( ,a4 ,! screws may be ! same t are us$ = tumbl] screws = army muskets4 ,^! screws are h>d5$1 &1 z !y h l>ge flat heads1 !y answ] = ?is purpose v well4 ,! "p1 ,c1 c be made ( two pieces ( ! same ?ickness z ! o!r p>ts4 ,f9i% !m sep>ately1 except ! squ>e hole1 & !n sold] or rivet !m toge!r4 ,! squ>e hole is be/ f9i%$ up :5 ! two p>ts are fa/5$ toge!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,on ,,nipples ,,or ,,cones4 ,! t]ms nipple1 cone & tube are appli$ 9 r an indiscrim9ate mann] to t portion ( a gun bree* on :i* ! copp] cap conta9+ ! fulm9ate design$ = fir+ ! arm is plac$4 ,to be good & s]viceable1 ! nipple %\ld be made ( /eel1 & c>efully temp]$2 b _m are made ( a l[ grade ( /eel1 ( common iron1 & ev5 malleable iron has be5 us$1 & case-h>d5$ to r5d] !m fit = use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #eb4 ,=ms ( ,nipples4--,!re are z _m =ms ( nipples z !re are qualities1 & !y may be divid$ into classes1 z ! musket nipple 7call$ 8cone0 by ! armory op]atives71 ! ,am]ican1 ,engli%1 & ,g]man4 ,! ,g]man h co>s] ?reads ?an ! ,am]ican4 ,! ,engli% musket nipple has a ?read or screw ( #ah ?reads p] in*2 x has a flat top1 & has a hole ( "o tap]1 be+ l>ge at ! bottom & small] at ! top4 ,! ,am]ican musket tube has a screw ( #bd ?reads to ! in*1 has a v5t resembl+ two inv]t$ cones1 meet+ ) a small op5+ ne> ! c5tre4 ,! top ( ! nipple1 consequ5tly1 resembles a n>r[ circul> r+4 ,fig4 #ej %[s ! ,engli% nipple1 & ,fig4 #ea ! ,am]ican2 ,fig4 #eb ! diff]5t =ms ( v5ts4 ,nipples = ,bree*-load+ ,arms4--,= bree*-load+ arms1 us+ loose p[d] & ball1 ! nipple is made simil> to ! ,am]ican1 b ! v5t is made q l>ge at ! top1 & decreases l an inv]t$ cone1 & t]m9ates 9 a small op5+ a little l>g] ?an a common p94 ,9 ?is nipple ! fire f ! cap is conc5trat$ & caus$ to ru% ) "s =ce ?r\gh ! small ap]ture1 ! same z heat is conc5trat$ 9 a s+le po9t by us+ a bl[-pipe = t purpose4 ,! object is to burn ?r\gh ! mat]ial ( :i* ! c>tridge is compos$4 ,nipples ) ,flat ,tops4--,! use ( a nipple ) a broad1 flat top requires a vigor\s ma9spr+1 & !n q a volume ( ! detonat+ flame escapes outside ! nipple & betwe5 x & ! cap4 ,! small portion t passes d[n ! tube may be s imp$$1 if ! nipple be f\l or ru/y1 z to cause ! gun to hang fire1 & ev5 to miss fire4 ,%\ld ! ma9spr+ be too weak1 ! cap w come 9 contact ) ! broad surface ( ! nipple1 =c+ ! prim+ ( ! cap f its position1 & leav+ x unexplod$4 ,(t5 ! cap is made to be> ! blame1 :5 ! fault is due entirely to ! =mation ( ! top ( ! nipple4 ,! ,am]ican ,musket ,nipple4--,! ,am]ican musket nipple has a ?9 edge & a wide op5+ at ! top1 s z to all[ ! flame to readily ent]1 ! ?9 edge enabl+ ! cap to be v readily explod$1 ev5 ) ! bl[ f a weak ma9spr+4 ,9 ?is =m ( nipple ! detonat+ p[d] is ignit$ at ! edge1 & be+ =c$ to ent] ! wide op5+1 is compell$ to pass d[n ! v5t to ! p[d]4 ,if !re be any little dirt or ob/ruction1 x is g5]ally =c$ along ) ! fire1 & ! ignition ( ! p[d] is c]ta91 & miss-fires are few4 ,:5 nipples are made ) ! small op5+ ( ! v5t at ! bottom1 co>se-gra9 gunp[d] c be us$1 z x is n necess>y t ! gra9s ne$ to be admitt$ to ! nipple4 ,?is is ! case z reg>ds milit>y arms fitt$ ) nipples4 ,! p[d] is too co>se to be receiv$ 9 ! nipple :5 fre$ f ! c>tridge & plac$ uncov]$ 9 ! gun bree*4 ,x has be5 claim$ by "s t gunp[d] c be glaz$ too smoo? to readily take fire1 & ?is is a s\rce ( miss-fires4 ,also t ! flame f ! detonat+ p[d] w =m a mass ( cond5s$ air ar\nd itself1 prev5t+ contact ) ! p[d] until ! heat is exp5d$4 ,?is 0 especially ?\ght to be ! fact :5 !re 0 a volume ( air betwe5 ! p[d] & ! end ( ! nipple4 ,^! two !ories are pres5t$ = :at !y may be wor?4 ,nipples us$ 9 ,sport+ ,guns4--,( nipples us$ 9 sport+ guns !re may be f\nd ! broad top1 ! c\nt]sunk top1 ! tap] bor$1 ! c\nt]sunk tap]1 ! rev]se tap]1 d\ble rev]s$1 etc41 etc4 ,!y are g5]ally put up ) ! screw portion made 9 assort$ sizes4 ,! ?reads also v>y1 be+ z co>se z #bf to ! in*1 & z f9e z #cb ?reads p] in*4 ,prep>+ ,nipples = ,guns4--,x is well = ! gunsmi? to te/ ! nipples ) a f9e file to asc]ta9 _! h>dness be=e ins]t+ !m 9 guns4 ,if too s(t1 !y w be return$ on 8 h&s4 ,if !re is also a liability ( ! gun-hamm] batt]+ ! top :]e x /rikes1 :i* soon is s broad z to cause miss-fires4 ,if too h>d1 !y are liable to break %ort (f at ! squ>e1 & ! screw portion left 9 ! gun is difficult to remove4 ,sometimes s mu* s t x is necess>y to unbree* ! gun1 remove ! pat5t bree* & heat x to s(t5 ! portion ( brok5 nipple s t x c be drill$ out4 ,9 drill+ !re is a risk ( injury to ! ?read ( ! nipple seat4 ,! heat+ necessitates labor to ref9i% ! "p & x is to be aga9 case h>d5$ be=e screw+ into ! b>rel4 ,if f\nd too h>d1 nipples c be drawn to a bett] temp] by hold+ ! top portion 9 a pair ( pli]s 9 expos+ ! bottom "p to ! flame ( an alcohol lamp4 ,if !y be too s(t1 enclose 9 a %ort piece ( gas pipe1 pack !m well ) bone-du/1 /op close ! ends ( ! pipe1 & heat to a r$1 lett+ !m rema9 s = fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes & !n op5 ! end ( ! pipe to let ! cont5ts fall into wat]4 ,!y c be drawn to temp] to suit4 ,!y may also be heat$ hot1 roll$ 9 prussiate ( pota% or cyanide ( potassium1 aga9 heat$1 & ?r[n into wat]4 ,z cyanide ( potassium is a deadly poison1 be v c>eful h[ x is us$ & :]e x is kept4 ,d n brea! ! flames :5 put on hot iron1 & d n let x come 9 contact ) sores or raw places on ! h&s4 ,rem$y = ,bad ,nipples4--,9 case guns come 9 to be repair$ because !y w 8n snap a cap10 see if a weak ma9spr+ be n "o cause1 & a nipple ) broad top1 ano!r4 ,= ! latt] evil1 ream or c\nt] s9k x s z to h a ?9 cup l edge4 ,see also if ! cup ( ! hamm] /rikes prop]ly on ! nipple1 & t x be n too mu* cupp$ by long usage 9 /rik+4 ,9 ?is case1 ! cup may be fill$ by drill+ 9 & ins]t+ a bit ( iron or /eel to fill x & !n re-h>d54 ,pi/ol ,nipples4--,pi/ol nipples1 ,colt's = in/ance1 h a diff]5t ?read f gun nipples4 ,! ?read us$ 9 ,colt's revolv] nipples is #dj to ! in*4 ,b "o size is employ$--nipples are sometimes provid$ ) a ?91 r\nd wa%] ( copp]1 :i* is put on at ! %\ld] :]e ! ?read t]m9ates4 ,?is %ields t "p ( ! seat :]e x is plac$ f ru/1 & "s claim t x acts z a sort ( cu%ion to dead5 ! bl[ ( ! hamm]1 ?us pres]v+ ! nipple f breakage4 ,plugs = ,nipples4--,plugs c be made f a rod ( iron ( suitable size t is s\nd & free f flaws4 ,! size ( ! "p t screws into ! b>rel is ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*1 & ! ?read is tw5ty to ! in*4 ,?is is ! size & ?read g5]ally us$4 ,!re may be exceptions t w require a diff]5t size & a diff]5t ?read1 b1 if possible1 let ! sizes giv5 gov]n ! "w4 ,! end on :i* ! screw is to be cut c be turn$ 9 ! la!1 cut d[n ) a holl[ mill 9 ! me?od giv5 = mak+ bree* p9s1 or x c ev5 be fil$ to %ape 9 abs5ce ( any o!r way to make x4 ,be=e cutt+ ! plug to ! l5g? :]e ! nipple is to be seat$1 screw x into ! b>rel1 m>k ! place = ! nipple :i* c be f\nd by lett+ d[n ! hamm] ( ! lock1 !n remove drill & fit ! nipple4 ,cut (f all t is n requir$ beyond ! nipple & screw into place1 ! nipple =m+ a %\ld] on :i* to re/ ! wr5* 9 screw+ x home4 ,! f9i%$ plug is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ec4 ,x is be/ to remove ! b>rel f ! /ock 9 screw+ 9 ! plug4 ,) an improp] wr5*1 x (t5 happ5s t a nipple w be brok5 (f at ! squ>e if x be v h>d1 & !n x is difficult to remove4 ,to obviate all dang] ( ?is1 make a wr5* ) a h&le at ea* end1 & 9 ! middle h a hole t w fit ! plug1 & !n file an op5+ s t x w j fit ov] ! nipple4 ,x %\ld fit close to ! nipple at ! squ>e1 & be free s z n to h a be>+ at ! end ( ! nipple :]e ! cap is put on4 ,plugs are sometimes left bright1 b if blu$ x improves _! appe>ance & !re is less t5d5cy to ru/4 ,if desir$ to be v durable1 case-h>d5 !m4 ,! bett] poli% t c be made on !m w make a bett] blue or case-h>d5$ surface4 ,_m ( ! *eap plugs 9 m>ket are no?+ b ca/ malleable iron4 ,! be/ mat]ial ( :i* to make !m is dec>boniz$ /eel1 or :at is kn[n z 8s(t /eel40 ,x comes 9 smoo? r\nd rods & is homog5e\s & easy to "w4 ,cold-roll$ iron rod makes v good plugs4 ,! diamet] may be half-in* or n9e-sixte5?s1 ! latt] size be+ mo/ pref]able4 ,) a ?ree-eigh? size screw ! half-in* rod gives a "o-sixte5? %\ld]1 :i* mu/ fit tight to ! b>rel4 ,if n fitt$ tight1 ! gas f ! p[d] :5 ! gun is fir$ w soon cause a leak :i* is difficult to rem$y4 ,9 "s localities ! "n plug is disc>d$ & ! t]m 8cyl9d]0 adopt$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,ma9spr+s4 ,ma9spr+s4--,ma9spr+s are made = "r & left side locks1 & are kn[n z "r & left4 ,v few gunsmi?s make ^! spr+s1 z !y are kept 9 /ock & c be pur*as$ ( ! deal]s at any "t4 ,fig4 #ed is call$ ! =w>d or side-action hook spr+2 ,fig4 #ee ! =w>d or side-action swivel1 & are us$ 9 b> locks4 ,fig4 #ef is ! back-action ma9spr+1 su* z us$ 9 *eap made locks4 ,^! spr+s are also made ) se> spr+ comb9$4 ,fig4 #eg is swivel back-action ) se> spr+ comb9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ed4 ,se> ,spr+s4--,se> spr+s are made = "r & left h& locks4 ,! side-action or b>-lock spr+s are %[n 9 ,fig4 #eh1 & ! back-action lock spr+s 9 ,fig4 #ei4 ,9 "o k9d ( back-action lock !re is us$ a b5t spr+ simil> to ! b>-lock spr+ :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fj4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! l[] bran* ( ?is spr+ is long] ?an t :i* is us$ 9 ! b> or side-action locks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ee4 ,h[ to ,=ge ,ma9spr+s4--,if ! gunsmi? desires to =ge 8 own ma9spr+s he mu/ select a good quality ( spr+ /eel1 z ca/ /eel is g5]ally too quick or fi]y = spr+s t h z sev]e a duty to p]=m z a ma9spr+4 ,get ! /eel ( ! same ?ickness z ! ma9spr+ & ( a wid? equal to ! spr+ & ! pivot t goes ?r\gh ! lock plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ef4 ,draw ! spr+ out c>efully ov] a fire t has be5 burn$ en\gh to free x f sulphur1 if bitum9\s coal be us$1 & be v c>eful n to ov]-heat ! metal4 ,=m to %ape ) any tools or means t may be at h&4 ,= /raight spr+s1 z "s k9ds ( pi/ol & gun-lock spr+s1 procure /eel ( ! ?ickness & wid? ( ! spr+ at ! wide/ & ?icke/ end1 & draw d[n to ! requisite wid? & ?ickness ( ! smalle/ end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #eg4 ,h[ to ,temp] ,ma9spr+s4--,if x be a s+le spr+ t is to be temp]$1 heat x c>efully or ev5ly 9 a fire t is well burn$ to free x f sulphur1 or pref]ably 9 a *>coal fire1 & :5 at a light-r$ heat1 h>d5 by plung+ x 9 any animal oil4 ,an iron pan may be us$ to conta9 ! oil1 & any refuse or poor oil t may collect may be us$4 ,l>d oil is good1 b if oil be want+1 use common l>d or ev5 tall[4 ,if h>d1 melt be=e us+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #eh4 ,to temp] ! spr+1 remove f ! oil1 & hold x all dripp+ ) ! oil ov] a cle> fire until ! oil takes fire & blazes (f4 ,x is be/ to dip x 9 ! oil & blaze (f ! second "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ei4 ,if !re are a numb] ( spr+s enclose !m 9 a piece ( gas pipe to heat !m1 & :5 hot1 turn !m into ! oil4 ,to temp]1 remove !m1 put !m 9 an old wr\ght-iron fry+ pan1 add a little oil1 heat ! pan ov] ! fire1 %ak+ x 9 ! meantime1 until ! oil takes fire & blazes (f4 ,let ! "w cool )\t putt+ x 9 wat] or oil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fj4 ,*eap ,ma9spr+s = ,revolv]s4--,make spr+s = *eap revolv]s f /rips ( %eet /eel4 ,cut ! spr+s s t ! l5g? ( ! spr+ w be l5g?wise ( ! %eet f :i* x is cut1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! gra9 ( ! /eel mu/ n be across ! spr+1 b l5g?wise ) x4 ,:5 fitt$1 h>d5 9 oil & blaze (f 9 an old %eet-iron pan2 an old fry+ pan be+ v good = ! purpose1 & lit]ally fry !m 9 ! oil4 ,if heavy1 blaze two or ?ree times4 ,agitate well 9 ! pan dur+ ! blaz+ process4 ,an old saw blade1 "o t is q ?91 :5 cut up 9 /rips w make spr+s = *eap "w4 ,if too h>d temp]1 x _c v well be us$ until ! temp] be drawn to suit4 ,!y c be b5t into =m ) a /rong pair ( pli]s4 ,by w>m+ ! /rips ov] a fire !y c be readily b5t into %ape4 ,old table-knife blades1 sometimes call$ case-knife blades1 t are well temp]$1 h be5 employ$1 ! blades be+ cut l5g?wise ) a pair ( h& %e>s4 ,coil+ ,wire = ,spr+s1 c4--,!re are sev]al me?ods ( coil+ wire = spr+s4 ,! mo/ simple is to clamp a rod 9 ! vise & w9d ! wire ar\nd x by h&1 b ?is is a v unsatisfactory me?od & x is r difficult to w9d ! wire ev5ly4 ,ano!r me?od is to revolve a rod 9 ! la! & let ! wire coil ^u x z ! la! is turn$4 ,to insure equal space betwe5 ! coils1 a piece ( metal is held 8beh9d0 ! wire1 & z ?is piece ( metal be>s aga9/1 or 9 advance ( ! coil j made1 x produces an ev5 spr+4 ,a hook made ( a piece ( wire or a piece ( metal ) "o end =m$ into a hook & clasp+ ! rod on :i* ! wire is mov$ is an excell5t way to =m an ev5 spr+4 ,two1 or ev5 ?ree or m pieces ( wire may be w\nd at "o "t1 & ?is w insure spr+s ( ev5 space4 ,ano!r way 9 :i* a spr+ ( ev5 coil c be made1 is to hold a bolt t has a good ?read1 upright 9 ! vise & conf9e ! wire by clamp+ x to ! bolt1 !n w9d ! wire1 lett+ x foll[ ! ?read ( ! bolt4 ,:5 en\gh is w\nd1 remove & release ! spr+ by 8screw+ ! bolt out ( x10 ! same z if hold+ a nut fa/ 9 ! h& & turn+ ! bolt out ( x4 ,spr+s ( almo/ any coil1 b n ( 8almo/ any diamet]10 c be made 9 ?is way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fa4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a la! a wire w9d+ tool may be made by b5d+ a rod into ! =m ( a crank & ins]t ! long end ?r\gh a piece ( h>d wood1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fa4 ,?is c be held 9 ! vise to use1 or fa/5$ by two or ?ree screws to ! b5* or any conv5i5t place4 ,a slot is made 9 ! end ( ! "p t projects ?r\gh ! wood1 & 9 ?is slot ! end ( ! wire is plac$ & is w\nd t[>d ! crank4 ,( c\rse ! spr+ c be made no long] ?an ?is project+ end4 ,to make diff]5t siz$ spr+s diff]5t siz$ rods mu/ be us$1 & holes to fit mu/ be made ?r\gh ! piece ( wood4 ,to insure ev5 space betwe5 ! coils1 a /rip ( ?9 /eel may be fa/5$ by "o or two screws at or ne> ! bottom ( ! piece ( wood1 & a hole is made ne> ! top ( ! w9d+ rod to pass ?r\gh4 ,a space is cut out1 z %[n 9 ! cut1 to admit ( ! wire be+ remov$4 ,9 w9d+ ! upp] end ! /eel /rip is held away f ! wood by its spr+1 or by a wood5 w$ge1 & ! wire mu/ be held close to ! wood by ! h& or by a piece ( wire =m$ z a sort ( /aple4 ,to w9d a v long spr+1 or a spr+ long] ?an ! rod1 a clamp may conf9e ! wire to ! rod1 & :5 ! spr+ has be5 w\nd to its l5g?1 remove ! clamp1 draw back ! w9d+ rod1 fix ! clamp close to ! out] end & beg9 to w9d aga9 )\t cutt+ ! coil1 pu% x (f ! end ( ! rod z x is fill$ ea* "t4 ,z all wire1 l h>d drawn brass or /eel wire1 w 8spr+ op50 aft] be+ coil$1 ! rod mu/ be made mu* small] ?an ! spr+ to be =m$4 ,diff]5t siz$ holes may be made 9 ! same block ( wood to receive diff]5t siz$ w9d+ rods ov]4 ,hooks or eyes on ! ends ( ! rods c be readily made 9 l mann]4 ,:5 ! rod is too l>ge to admit ( ready b5d+ to =m ! crank to turn x )1 a crank ( ca/-iron c be rivet$ ^u x4 ,if ! me*anic wi%es to make a tool ( ?is k9d1 t w be m s]viceable & at ! same "t 8look l some?+10 he c procure a ca/+ simil> to ! movable head ( a la!1 & put 9 ! hole :]e ! sp9dle is plac$ a simil> sp9dle1 b ) ! end :]e ! wire is to be w\nd l>ge en\gh to =m a %\ld] to keep x 9 place1 & on ! o!r end put a :eel eight or t5 in*es 9 diamet]1 ) a h&le to turn x )4 ,! end :]e ! %\ld] is may be made ) a screw to fit ! la! *uck or ) a hole to receive ! la! tools1 & !y c be held !re ! same z hold+ !m 9 ! la! *uck4 ,! sp9dles to w9d ! wire may be ins]t$ 9 ! hole & held 9 place by ! set-screw4 ,! tool may be fa/5$ to ! b5* by a rod screw$ into ! base1 or held by a nut "u ! b5*4 ,?is tool w be f\nd to be a v ready "o ) :i* to "w out bullet m\lds4 ,! *]ry be+ held ! same z a rod4 ,x c also be us$ to free ! muzzle or bree* ( b>rels1 us+ ! wood5 rods cov]$ ) em]y1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,x is also useful = ream+ holes & c be us$ = drill+ 9 case ( an em]g5cy4 ,z a tool = hold+ taps to tap ! ?read 9 holes x has no equal--! "w be+ held 9 ! left h& & ! :eel turn$ ) ! "r h&4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,on ,,rods4 ,h[ to ,make ,ramrods4--,ramrods are ( two =ms1 ! /raight rod us$ = rifles1 & ! tap]$ rod us$ = %ot guns4 ,! wood t is mo/ 9 use is hickory1 :i* is split & !n turn$ into %ape4 ,! o!r woods us$ are ebony1 r$wood1 snakewood1 rosewood1 etc4 ,rifle rods are g5]ally made ( sizes f ?ree-sixte5?s in* to half-in* diamet]4 ,%ot gun rods f "o-half in* to ?ree-qu>t]s in* 9 diamet]4 ,! measurem5t ( ! %ot gun rods is at ! l>ge/ diamet]4 ,"o way ( mak+ rods = rifles is v simil> to t 9 :i* screws are made4 ,a holl[ tool is us$ ) cutt+ lips1 ?ree are en\gh1 & ! rod is pass$ ?r\gh ?is tool1 ! tool be+ turn$ v rapidly dur+ ! cutt+4 ,! op]ation may be rev]s$ & ! wood be+ rotat$ :ile ! tool is held 9 ! h& & is pass$ along z x cuts4 ,a bett] k9d ( tool is made l a :eel ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]1 & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick4 ,a hole ( ! size ( ! rod is made ?r\gh ! diametrical c5tre1 & "o side ( ! circumf]5ce is cut away s t a tool p>tak+ ( ! nature ( ! g\ge & f9i%+ *isel is s held by a screw1 t ! g\ge portion advances & r\ghs out ! rod1 :ile ! *isel %ap$ "p foll[+ x %aves ! r\ghness & leaves ! "w smoo? & nice4 ,! hole ?r\gh ! tool mu/ be ( ! size ! rod is to be made1 & ! cutt+ tool set s z to all[ ! "w to pass ?r\gh ! hole easily4 ,only "o size rod c be made ) ?is tool1 & diff]5t sizes mu/ be made = diff]5t siz$ rods2 except ! cutt] :i* mu/ be ( /eel1 x c be made ( ca/ iron4 ,to make rods by h&1 ! wood is split out z /raight z c be & !n r\gh %av$ into =m ) a draw+ knife4 ,x is !n plan$ squ>e ) a c>p5t]'s plane & !n ! squ>e corn]s are tak5 (f1 leav+ ! rod ( octagon =m4 ,a few /rokes ( ! plane w !n remove ^! corn]s & x w be ne>ly r\nd4 ,a new file & s&-pap] w f9i% x true & ev54 ,aft] ! rod has be5 plan$ squ>e1 ! be/ way to hold x = remov+ ! corn]s & make x octagon =m is to h a ,v groove made 9 a piece ( h>d wood ( ! l5g? ( ! rod 9 :i* to lay x4 ,o!rwise1 x w be v difficult to hold :ile us+ ! plane4 ,r\nd /raight rods c be f9i%$ ) a tool l a m\ld+ plane1 & if ?is tool be ( ! prop] =m1 & ! "w be turn$ ar\nd two or ?ree times dur+ ! op]ation1 a good rod c be made v exp$iti\sly4 ,:5 wood is cross-gra9$ x _c be plan$ v well & mu/ be f9i%$ ) a file & rasp4 ,to hold ! rod :ile be+ work$1 get a piece ( h>d wood ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick & ab\t f\r in*es wide2 9 "o edge h a groove made a qu>t] in* wide & ?ree-eigh?s deep4 ,re/ ! rod 9 ?is groove1 hold+ x at "o end ) a h& vise s z to turn x :ile fil+1 & r$uce fir/ ) ! rasp & !n f9i% ) a file4 ,to f9i% easily ) s&-pap]1 wrap ! s&-pap] ar\nd a piece ( wood %ap$ l a file1 & use z if fil+4 ,pieces ( brok5 w9d[ glass may also be us$ to advantage 9 r$uc+ rods1 & !n f9i% ) f9e s&-pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fb4 ,h[ to make a ,wip+ ,rod4--,take any /raight rod1 a ramrod = in/ance1 b be sure t ! wood be /rong & t\gh1 & cut "o end l ! =m %[n 9 ,fig4 #fb4 ,by fold+ a rag ov] ! end1 d\bl+ x s z to fill ! bore ( ! gun1 x w be f\nd t x c be us$ 9 muzzle-load+ guns )\t pull+ (f :5 ! rod is be+ )drawn4 ,! r\nd$ end prev5ts ! end ( ! rod be+ pu%$ ?r\gh ! clo?1 & ! deep not* receives ! fold$ sides s t x pres5ts no inequalities to ! bore ( ! gun4 ,! squ>e %\ld] prev5ts its be+ pull$ f place on be+ )drawn f ! gun4 ,an iron rod may be made 9 ! same way1 b a rod made ( good hickory wood has no equal4 ,a wip+ rod may be made ( an iron rod hav+ a slot or mortice cut ?r\gh "o end1 & ?r\gh ?is a rag is drawn4 ,x may be us$ 9 bree*-load+ guns :]e x c be pu%$ 9 at "o end & drawn out at ! o!r1 b 9 a muzzle load+ gun x _c well be )drawn on acc\nt ( ! rag be+ fold$ ^u itself 9 attempt+ to )draw x4 ,if a wip+ rag be put 9 a gun & _c be )drawn1 x may be sometimes reliev$ s z to be )drawn by turn+ a little w>m wat] d[n ! b>rel s z to saturate & s(t5 ! rag4 ,wip+ bru%es %\ld n be ?ru/ d[n ! bore ( a muzzle-load] z !y _c be readily )drawn1 & 9 in/ances :]e !y are ( l>g] diamet] ?an ! bore1 ! gun mu/ be unbree*$ to h ! bru% tak5 out4 ,^! bru% wip]s are v nice = t class ( bree*-load]s :]e !y c be ins]t$ at "o end & )drawn f ! o!r4 ,9 us+ !m 9 ?is class ( guns1 ins]t at ! bree* & remove f ! muzzle1 & !n !re w be no dirt or debris ?r[n among ! bree* me*anism4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,on ,,bullet ,,m\lds4 ,jo9ts = ,bullet ,m\lds4--,simple z x may seem1 ! jo9t ( bullet m\lds1 unless produc$ by ! manufactur]1 :o has ample tools at 8 comm&1 is n (t5 well done4 ,! want ( ! prop] k h[ 8to lay out0 su* a jo9t may be ! excuse = ill-fitt+ "w4 ,yet x is easy en\gh1 only 8"k h[40 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fc4 ,by ref]5ce to ! cut1 ,fig4 #fc1 ! jo9t & "o side ( ! body ( a bullet m\ld1 x w be obs]v$ t ! l9e ,a is ! surface :]e ! two halves abut or come toge!r4 ,! l9e ,b is drawn at "r angles to ?is & 9 ! diametrical c5tre ( ! r\nd projection t is to =m ! jo9t4 ,at ! po9t ( int]section ( ^! two l9es1 or 9 o!r words :]e ^! two l9es cross ea* o!r1 make an ind5t ) a %>p-po9t$ prick-pun*1 & !re drill a hole ( ! size t ! rivet is to be made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fd4 ,fig4 #fd %[s ! f9i%$ jo9t ready to receive its mate & be rivett$ toge!r4 ,aft] ! hole = ! rivet is made1 a tool mu/ be us$ to 8sweep0 or cut d[n ! surface at ,c1 & also leave a %>p & smoo? %\ld] z %[n at ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fe4 ,to make ?is tool1 select a piece ( /eel1 c5tre x 9 ! la!1 & turn "o end--say an in* or s--( ! same size t ! jo9t is to be4 ,9 ?is end drill a hole l5g?wise1 b exactly 9 ! c5tre1 ( ! same size t ! rivet is to be4 ,cut tee? on ?is end1 & temp] z any tool = cutt+ metals4 ,ins]t a /eel p9 9 ! hole1 leav+ x project+ half an in* or m1 & ! tool is ready = use4 ,! cutt+ end ( ! tool is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fe4 ,( c\rse ! o!r end mu/ be fitt$ to ! la! *uck or a bit-/ock 9 ord] to use x4 ,ins]t ! project+ end ( ! p9 9 ! hole ,a1 drill$ = ! jo9t1 & by means ( ! la! or bit-/ock1 cut d[n ea* half ( ! m\ld to ab\t half ( its ?ickness4 ,! out] circle or cut ( ! tool w be a guide to :i* to file ! circle ( ! jo9t4 ,if ! cutt+ end ( ! tool be made a little convex x w =m ! surface ( ! jo9t a little holl[+1 & a bett] fit w be ! result4 ,c\nt]s9k ! out] ends ( ! hole1 ins]t ! rivet1 & rivet !m toge!r4 ,! p]fection ( ! jo9t c be asc]ta9$ by op5+ & clos+ ! m\ld a few times1 remov+ ! surface :]e ! rubb+ is app>5t1 ) a f9e-cut file4 ,if ! surfaces ( ! two halves at ,b1 ,fig4 #fd1 d n exactly come toge!r1 & ! mat]ial be brass or malleable iron1 a few bl[s ) a hamm] w insure close contact4 ,x may be necess>y to say t ! surface at ,b mu/ fir/ be made true & squ>e1 s t ! two halves w fit closely1 & !n 8lay out0 ! jo9t f ?is surface4 ,if !re be _m bullet m\lds to make ! circle (1 ! jo9ts c be made by means ( a cutt] revolv+ 9 ! la!4 ,make ?is cutt] ab\t two & a half in*es 9 diamet] & half an in* ?ick4 ,cut tee? 9 ! sides z well z on ! circumf]5ce4 ,fit x 9 a sp9dle s x w revolve4 ,aft] ! jo9t is drill$ fit x s z to turn on a p9 fix$ 9 a piece ( iron t is held at "o side ( ! cutt]4 ,by fe$+ ! m\ld up to ! cutt] ! surface or %\ld] is cut :]e ! two portions ( ! jo9t come 9 contact :5 op5$4 ,by turn+ ! m\ld sl[ly ar\nd a portion ( ! circle is cut1 say ab\t "o-half4 ,remove ! m\ld f ! p91 inv]t x1 & ! rema9d] ( ! circle c be cut2 ! :ole 8r\nd0 & ! abutt+ surfaces be+ produc$ at two cuts2 a little smoo?+ up ) a file be+ necess>y to f9i% x4 ,?is op]ation & ! cutt+ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ff4 ,h[ to ,make a ,ball ,*]ry4--,! t]m 8*]ry10 z appli$ to ! tool us$ to make ! m\ld = sph]ical balls or bullets1 0 no d\bt borr[$ f ! fruit ( ! same "n--9 fact ! fruit & tool are v simil> 9 =m & size4 ,to any "o n conv]sant ) ! process ( produc+ a sph]e 9 metal x seems a v difficult op]ation1 b nev]!less x is v simple1 & only requires a little k & exp]i5ce to make a *]ry to fit any bore ( gun4 ,?is is ! rule gov]n+ ! op]ation3 ,a rotat+ body is pass$ ?r\gh a prop]ly-%ap$ circul> ap]ture 9 a flat /eel die t is held ) its upp] or cutt+ 9 ! same plane z ! axial l9e ( ! body rotat+4 ,t's all4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fg4 ,n[1 to make application ( ! rule4 ,suppose we h a rifle ( a c]ta9 bore to :i* is to be fitt$ a r\nd ball4 ,fir/1 take a piece ( /eel1 we w say ab\t "o-qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 ab\t "o in* wide & ab\t six or eight in*es long4 ,an old file ( good quality1 ) ! temp] drawn & ! tee? gr\nd away1 may answ] ! purpose4 ,x %\ld be anneal$ z s(t z possible4 ,) a drill make a hole ne> "o end1 b a little less 9 size ?an ! bullet to be produc$4 ,) a tap] half-r\nd ream] cut out ! hole until t side ( x :i* is to be ! upp] or cutt+ edge is exactly ! size ( ! bullet desir$4 ,! advantage ( us+ ?is tap] half-r\nd ream] is ! hole is made p]fectly r\nd1 & at ! same "t ! tap] ( ! ream] gives a bevel to ! hole t =ms a good1 /rong & effective cutt+ edge4 ,) a file cut out a portion ( ! tool ( a ,v %ape1 bevell+ ! edges ! same z ! hole z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fg4 ,?is ,v may be ei!r cut on ! end1 a side ( ! tool1 z %[n1 b 9 use x is pref]r$ to be cut on ! side1 z !n1 if necess>y1 ! h& c f9d a hold on t end to assi/ x 9 op]at+4 ,:5 done1 temp] = use4 ,= ! *]ry1 turn a piece ( /eel 9 ! la! to fit a *uck4 ,half-in* octagon is p]haps ! be/ size ( /eel f :i* to make *]ries ( less diamet] ?an half-in*1 & ! l5g? ab\t six in*es4 ,! end on :i* ! *]ry is to be made is r\ghly fa%ion$ into a ball1 leav+ ! end :]e ! c5tre supports x to be remov$ by ! la! tool or by fil+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fh4 ,:5 fitt$ s t ! r\gh blank w be held firmly 9 ! *uck1 run ! la! at mod]ate spe$1 set ! ,t re/ s t ! /eel die c be held on x ab\t level ) ! "u side ( ! rotat+ blank4 ,on ! re/ lay ! die1 & press ! op5+ s z to receive ! r\gh sph]e1 apply+ oil & n press+ too h>d4 ,let x gradually scrape its way ?r\gh ! circul> ap]ture1 ! ,v-%ap$ op5+ 9 ! side receiv+ ! /em to :i* ! *]ry is atta*$4 ,9 ,fig4 #fh is %[n ! f9i%$ blank aft] be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! die4 ,if x be pref]r$ ! die may be held 9 ! h&s & n support$ on ! ,t re/4 ,take c>e to supply pl5ty ( oil to ! "w1 z ?is w prev5t scrat*+ or te>+ ! *]ry :ile be+ =m$4 ,x is well to make two ( ^! holes1 "o at ea* end ( ! piece ( /eel1 r\gh+ ! blank ) ! fir/1 :i* is a little l>g] ?an ! "o us$ to f9i% ! *]ry ( ! exact size4 ,:5 ?is tool gets dull gr9d on ! upp] or cutt+ edge1 b n too mu*1 z x w enl>ge ! hole1 & ! result w be to make a l>g] *]ry4 ,to =m ^! blanks into cutt+ tools1 a copy c be tak5 f ! *]ries z sold to ! trade4 ,be> 9 m9d to leave ! grooves deep en\gh to receive ! metal cut f ! blank m\ld :5 9 op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #fi4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! *]ries z pur*as$ 7,fig4 #fi7 d n h _! cutt+ edges t]m9ate 9 t portion ( ! m\ld1 b usually on "o side4 ,?is is done to insure a p]fectly sph]ical =m by hav+ a cutt+ side op]at+ at ! bottom ( ! hole :ile x is be+ =m$4 ,x is some:at difficult to make ?is =m ( cutt+ edge1 & "s pati5ce & c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ or ! blank may be spoil$4 ,e me*anic kn[s h[ nice & rapidly a well-made drill w cut4 ,suppose ?is =m ( cutt+ edge be appli$ to ! bullet *]ry4 ,x is no matt] if ?is *]ry be r\nd or ( conical =m4 ,fill two cutt+ edges l a drill on opposite sides ( ! blank f ! %ank to ! end ( ! *]ry4 ,x is evid5t t "h ! two r\nd$ portions t are left on ea* side ( ! cutt+ edges to be remov$ t ! tool is no?+ m nor less ?an a peculi> %ap$ drill or ream] t might =m an int]nal sph]e4 ,b z ?is =m c\ld n well be appli$ betwe5 ! sides ( blank bullet m\lds1 & z ! full r\nd$ sides w\ld n p]mit ( ^! edges cutt+1 !n =m ! r\nd$ surfaces into simil> cutt+ edges l ! two fir/ made1 only n s l>ge1 mak+ ?ree or f\r on ea* side1 accord+ to ! size ( ! *]ry4 ,^! cuts c v easily be made ) a f9e cut ?ree-squ>e or half-r\nd file4 ,a *]ry ( ?is =m = a r\nd ball is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gj1 & "o = a conical ball 9 ,fig4 #ga4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #gj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ga4 ,9 us+ a ?ree-squ>e file1 to get a f9e-cutt+ edge t w make a %>p ,v cut1 gr9d away ! tee? ( "o side4 ,?is w remove ! slightly r\nd$ or blunt edge z usually made on ?is =m ( file4 ,by gr9d+ ?us1 two acute cutt+ angles c be _h f "o file4 ,if !y get a little dull on ! %>p cutt+ corn]1 a little gr9d+ w re/ore ! edge & make x %>p aga94 ,temp]+ ,bullet ,*]ries4--,9 temp]+ ! *]ry d n leave x too h>d1 & be c>eful n to temp] too h>d above ! sph]ical portion4 ,leave ! %ank s(t]1 z x w be less liable to break4 ,x is n necess>y to %ape ! %ank s z to exactly con=m to ! %ape ( ! ,v op5+ 9 ! =m+ tool1 =1 z ! edges ( ?is op5+ h be5 bevell$ ! same z ! op5+ t %apes ! *]ry1 !y w act z cutt]s1 & w r$uce ! %ank to con=m to ! ,v4 ,x is well to m>k ! *]ries 9 "s conspicu\s place on ! %ank1 ) _! size 9 hundr$?s ( an in*1 ! same z c>tridges are numb]$1 & also m>k !m ) ! numb] ( r\nd balls to ! p\nd1 z 0 =m]ly 9 vogue among gunsmi?s4 ,! f9i%$ *]ries1 z pur*as$ f deal]s1 are s numb]$4 ,*]ries1 z pur*as$1 h %anks fitt$ to be us$ ) a bit-/ock1 b if ! gunsmi? fits ^! tools to be us$ 9 a la! *uck t has a r\nd hole1 necessitat+ a r\nd %ank1 & also wi%es to use !m 9 a bit-/ock1 he c fill up ! squ>e hole 9 ! bit-/ock by braz+ !re9 a piece ( iron1 & !n drill+ a r\nd hole to fit ! tool4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,screw-,,mak+ ,,tools4 ,! tools us$ by ! 8old "t0 gunsmi? = screw mak+ 7 few & simple1 & are n[ seldom f\nd except 9 ! %op ( "s 8old vet]an0 ( ! trade4 ,tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s ago modifications ( ^! tools 7 us$ 9 "s ( ! armories :]e ,gov]nm5t arms 7 made1 & ev5 n[ ! same pr9ciple ( ^! tools is employ$ b *ang$ 9 =m & adapt$ to ma*9]y op]at$ by /eam or o!r p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #gb4 ,fig4 #gb %[s a tool to be held 9 ! vise by ! projection1 & ! r\gh =m ( ! screw1 or a piece ( wire ( suitable size is ins]t$ 9 ! hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! rais$ portion1 cut ) radial tee?1 & a screwdriv] ins]t$ 9 a transv]se slot 9 ! o!r end ( ! r\gh screw1 or bit ( rod2 x is !n rotat$ by a bit /ock until by ! pressure appli$ ! tee? cut away ! metal & s =ms ! body ( ! screw4 ,to =m ! head ( ! screw ano!r tool1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #gc hav+ a c\nt]sunk hole made 9 ! c5tre ( ! diamet] ( ! head b a little deep]1 is us$4 ,! un5l>g$ portion ( ! hole 9 ! tool correspond+ to ! body ( ! screw1 :i* be+ ins]t$ 9 ! hole is rotat$ by means ( ! screwdriv] 9 ! bit /ock1 until ! head is %ap$ 9 ! same mann] t ! body 0 =m$4 ,( c\rse1 diff]5t tools _h to be made = diff]5t siz$ screws4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #gc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #gd4 ,9 =m+ ! tang screw1 :i* has ! head bevell$ on ! "u side1 a tool 0 us$ l ,fig4 #gd4 ,! rod 0 turn$ into a tool 9 ! same mann] z = mak+ a flat head$ screw2 !n ! body 0 ins]t$ 9 ! bevell$ head-mak+ tool & rotat$ z = mak+ a flat head4 ,! edges ( ! bevell$ tee? be+ s =m$ z to become cutt]s ^u ! inn] or c5tral edges1 & s r$uce ! screw head to t %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ge4 ,= c\nt]s9k+1 to let 9 ! heads ( ^! bevell$ =ms ( screws1 a tool is us$ l ! "o z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ge--! /em s]v+ z a guide :5 ins]t$ 9 ! "w1 & a slot to admit ! screw-driv]1 = turn+ !m1 be+ made 9 ! l>ge end4 ,?is tool is made ab\t two in*es 9 l5g?1 ! head be+ ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! l5g? ( ! tools 9 ,figs4 #gb1 #gc & #gd1 :]e !y are held 9 ! vise1 is ab\t an in* & a half or an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s2 ! wid? f half an in* to five-eigh?s1 accord+ to size2 ! ?ickness "o-qu>t] in*4 ,! r\nd "p ) ! cutt+ tee? is ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 height f ! flat portion1 & is ab\t ! same diamet]4 ,! tee? may be 9 numb] five1 six or eight1 z mo/ conv5i5t to make4 ,! tools = bevell$ heads are be/ made ) five tee?4 ,mak+ ,small ,taps4--,! be/ mann] ( mak+ l>ge taps is to turn !m to size 9 a la!1 & !n cut ! screw by ! same means ( ) a die plate4 ,small taps _c v well be s made4 ,a v good way is to get good /eel wire--g5]ally sold ( all sizes1 "u ! "n ( ,/ubs' /eel wire--& f ?is make taps2 ! ?read c be cut by means ( a die /ock4 ,:5 ! ?read is prop]ly made1 !re are sev]al ways to =m x s z to make x a cutt+ tool4 ,"o me?od is to file x ) f\r sides1 mak+ x a squ>e4 ,9 ?is case x sc>cely cuts1 b r 8jams0 up a ?read4 ,ano!r "o is to file x triangul> or 8?ree squ>e40 ,?is =m makes x r a bett] =m1 z reg>ds cutt+ quality2 b z 9 case ( ! squ>e =m1 x w be obs]v$ t ! incl9ation ( ! sides is su* t !y w\ld n be select$ = a cutt+ tool if su* an angle 7 made z a tool = t purpose4 ,if two flutes or grooves be made ( angul> =m1 ) a squ>e file1 or two holl[s be cut ) a r\nd file1 ^! flutes runn+ l5g?wise ) ! tool1 ! edges !n pres5t m ( ! aspect ( a cutt+ tool2 b ! di/ance is s great betwe5 ! flutes t !re is great friction1 & breakage w result if ! hole to be tapp$ be too small1 or too mu* =ce be appli$4 ,if ?ree or f\r flutes be made ! evil ( friction w !n be rem$i$4 ,be sure to cut ! flutes deep en\gh to receive all cutt+s t may be remov$ or ! tap w become clogg$1 & c ) difficulty be turn$ out1 or p]haps may be brok54 ,a *eap & good way to f9i% a tap is1 aft] ! ?read is made1 to file away "o-half ( its diamet] ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! ?read4 ,?is w give great cle>ance & space = ! cutt+s1 & at ! same "t ! cutt+ edge is v %>p & is /rong4 ,x w be f\nd to cut v easily4 ,if a tap ( ?is make becomes dull x c be %>p5$ by gr9d+ on ! flat =m$ by fil+ x away4 ,if ! tap be too l>ge x c be made small] by ?us gr9d+4 ,l>ge taps "w equally well made 9 ?is way1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 9 />t+ !m 9 a hole or ! ?read may be made crook$4 ,ream]s1 bo? l>ge & small1 /raight or tap]1 c be made 9 ?is mann]1 & are effective z well z *eap to make1 & c be kept %>p by gr9d+ !m on ! flat side4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,nom5clature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #gf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #gg4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,gun ,/ock4--,fig4 #gf %[s a gun /ock ) ! locks1 plates & o!r metal portions remov$1 a1 is ! butt2 b1 ! small or h&le2 c1 ! head2 d1 ! bump2 e1 ! comb2 f1 ! toe2 g1 lock-b$2 h1 =e-end or =e-arm2 i1 pi/ol-grip2 k1 cap or end ( pi/ol-grip2 l1 tip ( =e-end2 m1 escut*eons2 n1 mortice = bolt2 o1 *equ]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #gi4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,gun ,lock4--,! numb] ( pieces 9 a common gun lock1 z %[n1 are ?irte51 & are fully illu/rat$ 9 ! cut1 ,fig4 #gg4 ,a1 is ! lock-plate2 ,b1 ! hamm]2 ,c1 ma9spr+2 ,d1 ! bridle2 ,e1 ! tumbl]2 ,f1 ! se>2 ,g1 ! se>-spr+2 ,h1 ! swivel or /irrup2 ,i1 ! se>-spr+ screw2 ,k1 ,k1 ,k1 ! bridle screws2 ,l1 hole = side-screw4 ,9 "s locks !re are only two bridle screws4 ,9 o!rs a screw holds ! ma9spr+ to place in/ead ( a lip cat*+ "u ! /ud4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #hj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ha4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,hamm]4--,! names ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! hamm]1 ,fig4 #gh1 are3 a1 ! body2 b1 ! head2 c1 ! comb2 d1 ! nose2 e1 ! cup2 f1 tumbl]-hole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #hb4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,lock-,plate4--,! names ( diff]5t portions ( ! lock-plate1 ,fig4 #gi1 are3 a1 ! bol/]2 b1 ma9spr+-cat*2 c1 hole = ma9spr+-pivot2 d1 hole = side-screw2 e1 hole = arbor ( tumbl]2 f1 hole = se>-screw2 g1 hole = se> spr+-screw2 h1 slot = se>-spr+ /ud2 i1 i1 holes = bridle screws4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #hc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #hd4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,tumbl]4--,! names ( ! tumbl]1 ,fig4 #hj1 are3 a1 ! body2 b1 arbor2 c1 squ>es2 d1 pivot2 e1 swivel arm2 f1 p9-hole1 & g1 ! tumbl]-screw hole4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,bridle4--,! bridle1 ,fig4 #ha1 consi/s (3 a1 ! body2 b1 ! eye = tumbl]-pivot2 c1 hole = se>-screw2 d1 d1 holes = bridle screws4 ,"s tumbl]s h a p9 t goes 9 a hole 9 ! lock-plate1 & ?is p9 is call$ a pivot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #he4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,ma9spr+4--,! ma9spr+1 ,fig4 #hb1 consi/s (3 a1 ! upp] bran*2 b1 ! l[] bran*2 c1 ! hook2 d1 ! pivot2 e1 ! cat* :i* is sometimes call$ ! tang4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #hf4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,se>4--,! se>1 ,fig4 #hc1 consi/s (3 a1 ! body2 b1 ! nose2 c1 ! arm2 d1 screw-hole4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,se>-,spr+4--,! se>-spr+1 ,fig4 #hd1 consi/s (3 a1 ! blade2 b1 upp] bran*2 c1 l[] bran*2 d1 ! /ud2 e1 screw-hole4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,swivel4--,! ma9spr+-swivel or /irrup1 ,fig4 #he1 consi/s (3 a1 ! body2 b1 ! axis2 & c1 ! tumbl]-p9 hole4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,bree*-,p94--,fig4 #hf %[s full size ( musket-b>rel bree*-p94 a1 plug ) ?reads2 b1 t5on2 c1 tang2 d1 tang-screw hole2 e1 face4 ,9 sport+ guns ! tang is (t5 call$ ! 8/rap10 & is di/+ui%$ z long & %ort4 ,! l5g? v>y+ f two & a half in*es z %orte/1 & five in*es z ! longe/4 ,sometimes ! t]m 8tail0 is employ$ in/ead ( tang or /rap4 ,! diamet] ( ! plug is g5]ally "o-half1 five-eigh?s1 & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*4 ,! diamet] ( ! p9 us$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates muskets & rifles is ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*4 ,nom5clature ( ,screws4--,9 all ! screws1 ! p>ts are ! /em1 ! head1 ! slot & ! ?read4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,on ,,br[n+4 ,object ( ,br[n+4--,br[n+ is done = ! purpose ( subdu+ ! bright color ( ! b>rel f ! sight ( game2 to br+ out ! fibres ( ! metal to %[ _! =m & beauty1 & also to %[ :e!r ! metal be free f flaws4 ,x does n prev5t b>rels f ru/+1 b ru/ w n attack s readily z if left 9 a bright condition4 ,! br[n+ is v c]ta9 to make all defects appe>1 except ^? design$ly hidd51 & n only defects ( mat]ials b ! fil+ & f9i%+ ( ! b>rel1 if n well done1 w appe> 9 m>ks 9 c]ta9 lights4 ,a ?or\ghly well-fil$ b>rel pres5ts1 :at may be call$1 a deep liquid appe>ance4 ,prep>atory ,process4--,! process ( br[n+ is simple & *eap1 & at ! same "t s]ves to protect a gun1 9 "s measure1 f ru/1 & also adds to its appe>ance4 ,! op]ation consi/s 9 produc+ a v ?9 uni=m film ( ru/1 or oxide1 ^u ! iron & giv+ a gloss to its surface by rubb+ wax ov] x1 or by coat+ x ) "s k9d ( v>ni%1 z %ellac v>ni%4 ,prep>atory to br[n+1 ! b>rel hav+ be5 fil$ & poli%$ bright1 is rubb$ ) lime to remove all grease4 ,"s gun mak]s use wet lime or lime wat] & !n rub 9 dry p[d]$ lime4 ,! v5t holes are to be /opp$ ) wax or wood5 plugs1 & bo? bree* & muzzle are to be plugg$ ) wood5 rods :i* s]ve z h&les to hold ! b>rel dur+ ! op]ation4 ,! object ( plugg+ is to prev5t ! mixture f f9d+ its way into ! int]ior ( ! b>rel & ! bree* & muzzle plugs also s]v+ z h&les1 prev5t ! h&s f com+ 9 contact ) ! b>rel1 :i* w\ld prev5t ! /a9 f 8tak+10 & consequ5tly cause a spot ( diff]5t color f t on o!r portions ( ! "w4 ,! solution is g5]ally appli$ ) a sponge or clo?1 sponge be+ pref]able1 until ! surface is equally moi/5$1 & aft] /&+ 9 a w>m place1 g5]ally ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 x is rubb$ (f ) a /iff bru% or a wire c>d4 ,! /ate ( ! atmosph]e w h mu* to d ) ! action ( ! br[n+ mixture4 ,x c be easily asc]ta9$ :5 ! b>rels are dry en\gh to "w1 z by apply+ ! c>d1 if dry1 ! ru/ w fly (f quickly1 b if n dry1 ! ru/ w adh]e firmly & ! surface ( ! b>rel w look /reaky4 ,"s mixtures w dry 9 twelve h\rs or ev5 less1 b tw5ty-f\r h\rs w insure _! be+ p]fectly dry4 ,! process ( wett+ & bru%+1 or 8c>d+10 is repeat$ until ! b>rel has acquir$ ! desir$ color4 ,:5 ?is /age is rea*$ ! b>rel is freely wa%$ ) hot wat]1 9 :i* a little pota% may be mix$4 ,!n wa% ) clean wat] & dry ?or\ghly4 ,a little lime wat] may be us$ z a wa% to de/roy any free acid t may rema9 9 ! pores ( ! metal4 ,! ,processes ( ,br[n+4--,a br[n+ or ru/ may be obta9$ v spe$ily & well by enclos+ ! b>rels 9 a *amb] & subject+ !m to ! vapor ( muriatic acid4 ,! same end may be obta9$ by moi/5+ ! surface ) dilute muriatic or nitric acid4 ,!re is ano!r mat]ial sometimes us$1 :i* is butt] or *loride ( antimony4 ,x is sometimes call$ 8bronz+ or br[n+ salt40 ,9 us+ ?is sub/ance1 a uni=m mixture is made ) x & olive oil2 ?is is rubb$ ^u ! b>rel1 :i* is slightly heat$1 & is !n expos$ to ! air until ! requir$ degree ( br[n+ is arriv$ at4 ,! op]ation ( ! antimony is quick5$ by rubb+ on aft] x1 a little aqua=tis4 ,br[n+ ,damascus ,b>rels4--,damascus b>rels are br[n$ by fir/ burni%+ ! b>rels v nicely1 !n cov] ) bone oil2 p\nd1 or drop1 or /rew wood a%es all ov]1 !n heat 9 a wire cage fill$ ) *>coal1 until ! fir/ d>k blue is obta9$4 ,aft] ! b>rels are cold1 mix a small quantity ( sulphuric acid 9 wat]1 & ) a h>d bru% apply to ! b>rel4 ,! acid w remove ! color f ! /eel portion ( ! b>rel1 leav+ ! iron1 on acc\nt ( its great] adhesion1 /ill reta9+ its blue color4 ,take c>e to keep a good color & n extract too mu*4 ,br[n+ ,belgian ,damascus ,b>rels4--,! *>act]i/ic1 bright1 wavy appe>ance ( ,belgian ,damascus b>rels is g5]ally 8eat up10 & ! process is t]m$ 8pickl+40 ,! process results 9 eat+ away ! s(t] metals f ! h>d]1 us$ 9 =m+ ! b>rel4 ,! prep>ation us$ is "o p\nd ( blue vitriol dissolv$ 9 a gallon ( s(t wat]1 at ! boil+ po9t1 & ! boil+ cont9u$ until ! quantity is r$uc$ ab\t "o-f\r?2 !n let x cool1 & p\r out into a lead tr\gh4 ,plug ! b>rels securely at bo? bree* & muzzle1 s t ! liquid _c get into ! int]ior4 ,:5 ! b>rels are imm]s$ 9 ! solution1 x w act ^u ! metal 9 fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes4 ,remove & wa% ) wat]1 & if n satisfactory1 imm]se aga91 until ! op]ation is complete4 ,p\r boil+ wat] ov] !m1 & scrat* well ) a /eel bru% or c>d1 :i* w ev5tually give ! beautiful1 bright1 wavy appe>ance4 ,lam9at$ /eel b>rels may be subject$ to ?is same op]ation4 ,br[n+ ,inf]ior ,b>rels4--,inf]ior quality ( ,birm+ham b>rels are br[n$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve z mu* muriate ( m]cury z c be tak5 up 9 a glassfull ( alcohol4 ,mix ?is solution 9 "o p9t or m ( wat]4 ,a small quantity ( ?is mixture is p\r$ on a little :it5+ & laid on ! b>rel ) a sponge1 r lightly4 ,z soon z dry1 bru% (f & lay on a fre% coat+4 ,s proce$ until ! b>rel is d>k en\gh1 :i* is g5]ally ab\t two or ?ree days4 ,! effect is to make ! s(t] portions ( ! metal a beautiful br[n1 :ile ! h>d] portions rema9 q light4 ,! ru/+ process is kill$ by wa%+ 9 hot wat]1 aft] :i* ! b>rels are sudd5ly imm]s$ 9 cold wat]4 ,?is has ! effect ( height5+ ! brightness ( bo? colors4 ,pla9 ,weld$ ,b>rels made to ,resemble ,twi/4--,pla9 weld$ b>rels are made to resemble twi/ b>rels by wett+ a ?read or f9e cord ) dilute acid1 & w9d+ x ar\nd ! b>rel s z to make spiral l9es1 runn+ all along its surface4 ,:]ev] ! ?read t\*es a slight coat+ ( ru/ w be =m$4 ,! b>rel may be treat$ 9 ?is way two or ?ree times1 & ! spiral w9d+s ( ! ?read w exhibit f9e d>k l9es closely resembl+ twi/ b>rels4 ,to w9d ! ?read ! b>rel may be put betwe5 ! c5tres ( a la!1 & s turn$ :ile x w9ds ! ?read ^u x1 be+ guid$ by ! h&1 or ! b>rel may be support$ betwe5 c5tres or put on a rod ( wood1 :i* may be turn$ by a crank or h&le4 ,b>rels may be color$ by expos+ !m to a degree ( heat suffici5t to produce a blue t+e1 & is done to color pi/ol b>rels1 b :5 d\ble gun b>rels are s(t-sold]$ toge!r ?is _c be done on acc\nt ( dang] ( melt+ ! sold]4 ,! inn] surface ( ! b>rel1 :i* is also s color$1 mu/ be poli%$ aft] ! op]ation4 ,smoke ,/a9+4--,?is me?od ( color+ b>rels is z foll[s3 ,! b>rels are wa%$ ) a little sulphuric acid1 to cause ! metal to receive ! effects ( ! gas m readily2 x is !n wa%$ (f1 & ! b>rels rubb$ dry4 ,a fire is built ) coal possess+ z mu* hydrog5 gas & z little sulphur z possible4 ,burn ! coals until !y give a cle>1 :ite flame1 ) no black smoke4 ,pass ! b>rels ?r\gh t flame1 backw>d & =w>d1 until ! :ole are cov]$ ) a black1 sooty coat+4 ,place !m 9 a damp1 cool cell> & let !m /& ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & if ! place be suffici5tly damp1 ! iron p>ts w be cov]$ ) a r$ ru/1 :ile ! /eel portions /ill reta9 ! sooty coat4 ,scrat* !m (f ) a wire c>d & rub ) a piece ( clo?1 & wa% or poli% ) wat]1 us+ on ! clo? a little fl\r ( em]y4 ,! /eel w be f\nd to be ( ! orig9al bright color1 :ile ! iron w be a little d>k]4 ,rub dry1 & pass ! b>rels ?r\gh ! flame aga94 ,all[ !m to /& ab\t twelve h\rs to ru/1 & !n poli% z be=e4 ,) e smok+ ! colors w be a little d>k]4 ,! d>ke/ color to be obta9$ is a f9e purple-black color on ! iron2 ! /eel incl9+ to a copp] color4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is /a9 is simply ! hydrog5 gas conta9$ 9 ! coal act+ on ! iron1 iron be+ ( a s(t] nature ?an ! /eel1 :i* x does n affect1 ! flame also possess+ a quantity ( t>1 x is imp]ceptibly embodi$ by ! iron dur+ ! action ( ! oxide1 &1 :5 f9i%$1 by fill+ up ! spaces creat$1 x becomes decid$ly m imp]vi\s to damp or wet ?an any o!r /a9 or br[n+ :i* is compos$ entirely ( oxide ( iron4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,recipes ,,= ,,br[n+ ,,gun ,,b>rels4 ,solution = ,br[n+ ,gun ,b>rels4--,make a solution by putt+ toge!r 9 a glass vessel1 spirits ( nitre1 ?ree-qu>t] ounce2 t9cture ( /eel1 ?ree-qu>t] ounce2 black brim/one1 "o-qu>t] ounce2 blue vitriol1 "o-half ounce2 corrosive sublimate1 "o-qu>t] ounce2 nitric acid1 "o dra*m1 & copp]as1 "o-qu>t] ounce4 ,mix ) "o & "o-half p9ts ( ra9 wat]1 & bottle = use4 ,clean ! b>rel till entirely bright1 rubb+ x ov] ) f9e/ em]y pap]1 !n apply ! solution ) a clean :ite clo?4 ,set away = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t a ru/ w h =m$ ov] ! b>rel4 ,g ov] x ) a /eel scrat*-bru%1 !n rub (f all ! ru/ ) a wool5 clo?4 ,if y f9d ! br[n n d>k en\gh1 cov] aga9 ) ! solution & set away tw5ty-f\r h\rs long]4 ,remove ! ru/ exactly z 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 !n1 ! color suit+1 wa% (f ) a wet clo?1 rub to ?or\gh dryness1 & f9i% by rubb+ ) l9se$ oil1 to prev5t fur!r ru/+4 ,?is application br[ns ! b>rel beautifully1 & 9 case ( twi/ leaves ! m>k+s prom95tly pla94 ,! t9cture ( /eel is sometimes n to be obta9$ at a small drug /ore1 9 :i* case ! unm$icat$ t9cture ( iron may be made to answ] reasonably well4 #b4 ,sulphate ( copp]1 "o ounce2 sweet spirits ( nitre1 "o ounce2 wat]1 "o p9t4 ,mix4 ,9 a few days x w be ready = use4 #c4 ,t9cture muriate ( iron1 "o ounce2 nitric e!r1 "o ounce2 sulphate ( copp]1 f\r scruples2 ra9 wat]1 "o p9t2 if ! process is to be hurri$1 add two or ?ree gra9s ( oxymuriate ( m]cury4 ,put 9 lime wat] to neutralize acid4 #d4 ,spirits ( nitre1 "o p\nd2 alcohol1 "o p\nd2 corrosive sublimate1 "o ounce4 ,mix & cork = use4 #e4 ,t9cture ( muriate ( iron1 "o ounce2 nitric e!r1 "o ounce2 sulphate ( copp]1 f\r scruples2 ra9 wat]1 "o p9t4 #f4 ,alcohol1 "o & a half ounce2 t9cture ( /eel1 "o & a half ounce2 corrosive sublimate1 "o & a half ounce2 sweet spirits ( nitre1 "o & a half ounce2 blue vitriol1 "o ounce2 nitric acid1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce4 ,mix & dissolve 9 "o qu>t ( w>m wat]4 ,keep 9 glass bottles4 #g4 ,nitric e!r1 six ounces2 alcohol1 "o ounce2 sulphate ( copp] 7blue vitriol71 "o & a half ounce2 muriat$ t9cture ( iron1 "o & a half ounce2 t9cture ( gum b5zo91 "o & a half ounce4 ,dissolve ! sulphate ( copp] 9 wat]1 add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 previ\sly mix$1 & !n add ?ree p9ts ( boil+ wat]4 #h4 ,spirits ( nitre1 "o p\nd2 alcohol1 "o p\nd2 corrosive sublimate1 "o ounce4 ,mix 9 a bottle & keep cork$ = use4 #i4 ,s(t wat]1 "o qu>t2 dissolve 9 x blue vitriol1 two ounces2 corrosive sublimate1 "o ounce2 & "o ounce ( spirits ( nitre4 ,put on "o coat+1 & 9 ab\t an h\r a second "o1 !n let ! "w /& twelve h\rs4 ,oil & rub ) clo?4 #aj4 ,"o ounce nitric acid2 "o ounce blue vitriol2 dissolve 9 f\r ounces ra9 wat]1 & mix all toge!r 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,w>m ! mixture slightly & apply g5tly ) a sponge4 #aa4 ,nitric acid1 "o-half ounce2 sweet spirits ( nitre1 "o-half ounce2 alcohol1 "o ounce2 blue vitriol1 two ounces2 t9cture ( iron1 "o ounce2 s(t wat]1 "o qu>t4 #ab4 ,sweet spirits ( nitre1 "o & a half ounce2 nitric acid1 "o ounce2 t9cture ( /eel1 two ounces2 alcohol1 "o & a half ounce2 blue vitriol1 "o-half ounce4 ,dissolve ! blue vitriol 9 cold ra9 wat]1 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts to make "o qu>t4 #ac4 ,apply ! foll[+ fluid by means ( a clean :ite clo?3 ,spirits ( nitre1 "o p\nd2 alcohol1 "o p\nd2 corrosive sublimate1 "o ounce4 ,mix 9 a bottle & keep cork$ = use4 ,apply "o coat & set 9 a w>m1 d>k place1 until a r$ ru/ is =m$ ov] ! :ole surface1 :i* w require1 9 w>m wea!r1 f t5 to twelve h\rs2 9 cold1 f fifte5 to tw5ty h\rs4 ,!n c>d x d[n ) a gun-mak]'s c>d1 & rub (f ) a clean clo?4 ,repeat ! process until ! color suits1 z ea* coat gives a d>k] %ade4 ,br[n+ ,recipes = ,twi/ & ,lam9at$ ,b>rels4--#a4 ,sweet spirits ( nitre1 "o-half ounce2 t9cture ( /eel1 "o-qu>t] ounce2 corrosive sublimate1 "o-half ounce2 aqua =tis1 sixty drops2 nitrate ( silv]1 f\r gra9s2 a small lump ( *alk & "o p9t ( ra9 wat]4 #b4 ,t9cture ( sesqui-*loride ( iron1 "o-half ounce2 corrosive sublimate1 "o dra*m2 sulphate ( copp]1 "o-half dra*m2 nitric acid1 "o dra*m to "o & a half dra*ms2 alcohol1 six dra*ms2 wat]1 eight ounces4 ,dissolve ! corrosive sublimate 9 ! alcohol1 !n add ! solution to ! o!r +r$i5ts & let ! :ole /& = a mon? or six weeks1 :5 x w be ready = use4 #c4 ,sweet spirits ( nitre1 "o ounce2 t9cture ( /eel1 "o-half ounce2 blue vitriol1 "o-qu>t] ounce2 nitric acid1 six drops2 corrosive sublimate1 f\rte5 gra9s2 wat]1 "o p9t4 ,:5 ! b>rels are d>k en\gh1 drop a few drops ( muriatic acid 9 wat] & wa% ! b>rel slightly to bright5 ! twi/s4 #d4 ,muriatic t9cture ( /eel1 "o ounce2 alcohol1 "o ounce2 muriate ( m]cury1 "o-qu>t] ounce2 /rong nitric acid1 "o-qu>t] ounce2 blue vitriol1 "o-eigh? ounce2 wat]1 "o qu>t4 ,?or\ghly mix ! +r$i5ts4 ,let !m /& ab\t ?irty days be=e us+4 ,wet ! b>rels ) ! mixture1 appli$ ) a sponge1 ab\t once e two h\rs4 ,scrat* (f ) wire c>d e morn+ until ! b>rels are d>k en\gh4 ,to ,blue ,gun ,b>rels4--,a v pretty blui% color may be imp>t$ to gun b>rels by dress+ !m (f to brightness ) f9e em]y pap]1 & !n rubb+ !m ov] quickly ) nitric acid4 ,:5 ! desir$ color has appe>$1 wa% !m (f ) clean wat]1 rub dry ) a s(t clo?1 & !n rub ) l9se$ oil to prev5t any fur!r action ( ! acid4 ,br[n ,t9t = ,iron or ,/eel4--,dissolve1 9 f\r p>ts wat]1 two p>ts ( cry/aliz$ *loride ( iron2 two p>ts ( *loride ( antimony2 & "o "p ( gallic acid1 & apply ! solution ) a sponge or clo? to ! b>rel1 lett+ x dry 9 a w>m place4 ,repeat ! process accord+ to ! dep? ( color desir$4 ,wa% ) w>m wat]1 & dry2 !n rub ov] ) boil$ l9se$ oil4 ,! metal receives a br[n t9t & resi/s moi/ure4 ,! *loride ( antimony %\ld be z little acid z possible4 ,transp>5t ,blue = ,iron or ,/eel4--,put toge!r ,dem> v>ni%1 "o qu>t2 f9e gr\nd ,prussian blue1 "o-qu>t] ounce4 ,poli% ! metal to brightness1 & put on ?9ly ) a v>ni% bru%4 ,a beautiful transp>5t blue color1 b "o t w n /& r\gh usage4 ,v>ni% = ,br[n$ ,b>rels4--#a4 ,dissolve t5 p>ts cle> gra9s ( ma/ic1 five p>ts camphor1 fifte5 gra9s s&>ac1 & five p>ts elemi1 9 a suffici5t quantity ( alcohol1 & apply ! v>ni% )\t heat4 ,! articles treat$ ) ?is v>ni% w n only be pres]v$ f ru/1 b _! metallic lu/re w n be 9 ! lea/ dimm$ by exposure to dampness4 #b4 ,ano!r v>ni% may be made by us+ gum %ellac1 "o ounce2 gum s&>ac1 "o ounce2 ,v5ice turp5t9e1 "o dra*m2 & n9ety-eight p] c5t4 alcohol1 "o gallon4 #c4 ,ano!r =mula consi/s ( %ellac1 "o ounce2 dragon's blood1 "o-qu>t] ( an ounce2 alcohol1 "o qu>t4 ,a little less dragon's blood may be us$ if ! color be too great4 ,f9i% = ,br[n$ ,b>rels4--,!re are _m ways ( f9i%+ b>rels aft] br[n+4 ,"s gunsmi?s w>m ! b>rels & rub !m :ile q w>m ) a flannel clo? & f9i% ) a little bees-wax & turp5t9e4 ,"s poli% ) a /eel burni%] or rub ) :ite wax2 o!rs use a wa% ( ?9 %ellac v>ni% laid on c>efully & ev5ly ) a camel's hair bru%4 ,"s f9i% (f ) a solution ( two ounces ( %ellac & ?ree dra*ms ( dragon's blood dissolv$ 9 two qu>ts ( good alcohol4 ,to ,remove ,old ,br[n+4--,to remove old br[n br[n+1 plug ! v5t & muzzle ( ! b>rels2 imm]se ! br[n$ p>ts1 = ab\t "o h\r1 9 hot lime wat]1 or /rong lye1 to remove ! v>ni% or grease2 wipe !m & put !m 9 v9eg>1 9 a wood5 tr\gh1 = an h\r or less1 :5 ! br[n+ may be wip$ (f ) a rag4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,miscellane\s4 ,%ellac & its ,uses4--,gum %ellac is ! gunsmi?'s fri5d4 ,x is ! be/ mat]ial f :i* to make ! v>ni% he uses1 & 9 wood-work+1 if !re be cracks or *ecks 9 ! mat]ial1 or 9 /ock+ %\ld a little slip ( ! tool occur :ile lett+ 9 locks or o!r p>ts1 a little ( ! gum judici\sly appli$ rem$ies ! defect1 &1 l *>ity1 8cov]s a multitude ( little s9s40 ,%ellac is (t5 adult]at$ ) res9s1 & x requires "s k ( ! article to detect ?is adult]ation4 ,x c only be asc]ta9$ by exp]i5ce 9 h&l+1 or by ocul> demon/ration ) an exp]t4 ,to make ,%ellac ,v>ni%4--,to make v>ni%1 put ! %ellac 9 a clean vessel & put ov] x a quantity ( good alcohol1 en\gh to ab\t cov] x1 if x lie some:at compact 9 ! receptacle2 if too ?ick :5 made x c be ?9n$ ) alcohol4 ,:ile ! gum is dissolv+ keep x cov]$ f du/ & let x /& 9 a w>m place1 z 9 ! sun dur+ ! summ]1 or ne> a w>m /ove 9 ! w9t]4 ,too mu* w>m? w t5d to evaporate ! alcohol2 & = ?is reason x ought to be some:at seal$ f ! air4 ,x may take two or ?ree days to ?or\ghly dissolve ! gum = v>ni%1 accord+ to ! temp]ature 9 :i* x is plac$1 etc4 ,:5 ! gum is dissolv$1 ?9 ) alcohol to ! prop] consi/5cy = easy application ) ! bru%4 ,if x be dirty1 or x be desir$ to h x cle> & nice1 filt] x ?r\gh good blott+ pap]4 ,:5 n us+ ! v>ni%1 keep close cov]$ to prev5t evaporation4 ,h[ to conceal ,bad ,places 9 ,wood-"w4--,if !re be cracks 9 a /ock or a bad cut made 9 /ock+1 z w sometimes happ5 :]e locks & /raps are let 91 apply a piece ( ! gum to ! place & ) a w>m iron melt x into ! place1 s t x w be well fill$2 also w>m ! wood 9 close proximity to be sure ( good adhesion4 ,let x rema9 until cold & solid1 & !n f9i% d[n ! same z ! /ock is f9i%$ d[n4 ,ano!r ,me?od4--,ano!r me?od ( fill+ bad places 9 wood-"w is to get f9e du/1 z made ) a f9e rasp or file1 & mix ?is du/ ) ?9 glue1 & rub x into ! int]/ices1 lett+ x rema9 until h>d & solid1 & !n f9i% same z ! adjo9+ wood4 ,nei!r ?is nor %ellac w adh]e :]e !re is oil1 or :]e ! surface to adh]e has be5 oil$4 ,em]y ,clo? & ,em]y ,pap]4--,em]y pap] is ! *eap]1 b is n s durable z ! clo?4 ,! pap] is soon worn out & is torn 9 us+1 b ! clo? is seldom de/roy$1 & c be us$ s long z any abrasive mat]ial rema9s ^u x4 ,!re are ab\t six grades1 say ,nos4 #jj1 #j1 #a1 #a1 #b & #c1 :i* may be select$4 ,to use on pla9 surfaces cut ! %eet up 9 small1 conv5i5t pieces1 fold a piece ar\nd a file & use z if us+ ! file4 ,9 us+ a f9] numb]1 be c>eful to remove all ! m>ks left by us+ ! previ\s numb]4 ,if moi/5$ ) oil1 a f9e1 s(t-appe>+1 dead f9i% is obta9$4 ,to use 9 a la!1 run ! "w ) fa/ spe$ & hold ! clo? to place ) ! h&1 or put x ar\nd a file & s hold x4 ,aft] ! pieces are some:at worn1 !y c be us$ to f9i% )4 ,9 select+ by ! numb]s rememb] t #jj is ! f9e/1 & is call$ fl\r ( em]y clo?1 or pap]2 #j is a little co>s]1 & !n foll[ ! diff]5t grades 9 num]ical ord]4 ,uses ( ! ,alcoholic ,lamp4 ,h[ to make ,small ,spr+s4--,an alcohol lamp is almo/ indisp5sable to ! jobb+ gunsmi?4 ,suppose a small b5t spr+ is to be made1 a little trigg] spr+1 = in/ance1 su* z is us$ 9 _m k9ds ( revolv]s1 x c be easily =m$ 9 ?is mann]3 ,take a bit ( old wat*-spr+1 heat x 9 ! lamp until x is blue1 !n1 ) ! snips or h&-%e>s1 divide x l5g?wise to ! necess>y wid?2 heat 9 ! flame ( ! lamp1 &1 ) a pair ( pli]s1 b5d to ! requir$ %ape4 ,x is n always necess>y to temp] ^! spr+s1 b if x be necess>y to d s1 heat until r$ 9 lamp1 us+ a bl[-pipe if ! heat be insuffici5t1 h>d5 9 oil1 & !n draw ! temp] to suit4 ,! :ole op]ation c be done )\t mov+ f ! b5*1 & mu* quick]1 & c]ta9ly bett]1 ?an c\ld be done at ! =ge4 ,h[ to make ,small ,drills4--,!n1 aga91 to make small drills ( /eel wire1 use ! lamp = heat+ & temp]+4 ,if a small drill be brok51 draw ! temp] 9 ! lamp prep>atory to =m+ x anew4 ,drills ( l>g] size may be h>d5$ 9 ! =ge fire1 bright5$ by gr9d+ or rubb+ on a piece ( f9e em]y clo?1 & ! temp] readily drawn 9 ! lamp4 ,! same process may be appli$ to temp]+ small screw taps4 ,small screws c be readily blu$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,advantages ( ! ,alcohol ,lamp4--,! lamp has ?is advantage ov] ! =ge-fire2 x draws ! temp] v ev5ly1 & ! temp] color c be readily se51 z ! flame ( alcohol makes no smoke to obscure x4 ,ev5 = small temp]+1 :5 once employ$1 no gunsmi? w ?9k ( discont9u+ its use4 ,! ,sold]+ ,copp]4--,! sold]+ copp] = ! use ( ! gunsmi? %\ld be ab\t "o & a half p\nds 9 weight4 ,! l5g? ( ! copp] %\ld be ab\t f\r or five in*es1 ( octagon =m1 ) a squ>e pyramidal %ap$ po9t4 ,x is fix$ to an iron rod ab\t eight in*es long1 on ! end ( :i* is a wood5 h&le4 ,h[ to ,heat ! ,copp]4--,:5 heat+ ! copp] = use1 ! be/ way to asc]ta9 ! prop] heat is to hold x ne> ! face1 & if a bright w>m gl[ is felt1 x is hot en\gh = use4 ,if heat$ too hot ! t9n+ w be burn$ (f1 & x w n "w satisfactorily4 ,to replace ! t9n+1 heat x w>m en\gh to j melt ! sold]1 & file ! surface to be t9n$ bright & smoo?1 !n place a little sold] & a bit ( res9 on a piece ( %eet-t91 & 9 ?is rub ! heat$ copp] until ! bright5$ surface has receiv$ a coat+ ( ! sold]1 ! res9 act+ z a flux dur+ ! op]ation4 ,h[ to ,t9 ! ,copp]4--,ano!r me?od to t9 a copp] is to put ! sold] & ! res9 on a brick1 heat ! copp] & rub until x receives ! t9 coat+4 ,! common sold]+ acid may be us$ in/ead ( ! res9 = a flux4 ,dur+ ! op]ation ! po9t ( ! copp] may be dipp$ 9 ! acid to facilitate ! t9n+4 ,x w be f\nd t a too free use ( ! acid1 if us$ z a flux1 = g5]al "w1 w soon de/roy ! po9t ( ! copp]4 ,:5 ?is is ! case file (f ! r\ghness & heat ! copp] q w>m1 & draw x out to %ape on ! anvil1 ! same z if work+ a piece ( iron4 ,:5 s %ap$1 file smoo? & re-t9 z direct$4 ,to ,prev5t ,gun ,b>rels f ,glimm]+4--,x sometimes happ5s t gun-b>rels are dispos$ to ?r[ (f a k9d ( glimm] )\t any app>5t cause1 ?us s]i\sly int]f]+ ) ! hunt] or sportsman 9 gett+ a correct sight4 ,( c\rse1 ! gunsmi? w\ld rem$y ! evil by br[n+ ! b>rel1 b ! sportsman 9 ! woods c\ld n d ?is4 ,_h 8 fri5d1 ! gunsmi?1 kn[n t su* a ?+ 0 go+ to happ5 he w\ld h told him to get a gre5 hazel-nut pod1 cru% x1 & rub ! juice ov] ! b>rel1 :i* w\ld produce a beautiful non-glimm]+ br[n4 ,if a gre5 hazel-nut pod c\ld n be _h1 a gre5 wild plum or a gre5 wild crab-apple or a bun* ( gre5 wild grapes w\ld answ] ! same purpose reasonably well4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ^! an unripe black-walnut cru%$ & rubb$ ov] ! b>rel w\ld /op ! glimm]+2 & e>ly 9 spr+1 :5 no k9d ( fruits _h yet appe>$1 a "y spr\t ( wild grape-v9e cru%$ & rubb$ ov] ! b>rel w\ld make a v good sub/itute4 ,^! 7 ! means resort$ to by ! 8hunt]s ( ,k5tucky0 9 ! long-gone days ( backwoods life1 :5 8,old ,k5tuck0 0 "y4 ,repair+ ,%ot-,*>g]s4--,v (t5 ! /ud t holds ! lev] ( a %ot-*>g] w become loose or be =c$ f its position4 ,! be/ me?od to repair x is to remove ! lev] ) its spr+ & ! cutt]s1 put ! /ud back 9 place1 wet ! jo9t on ! inside ! *>g] ) sold]+ acid1 &1 hold+ x ) ! /ud d[nw>ds1 put a bit ( s(t sold] ^u ! jo9t1 & hold x ov] an alcohol lamp until ! sold] melts4 ,if well done x w 8/ay put40 ,sometimes ! lev] spr+ w n rema9 9 place1 b w slip out4 ,to rem$y ! evil1 take a common ,b]dan c>tridge prim]1 or any o!r k9d w d1 only take "o t has be5 us$ or has _h ! prim+ remov$1 put inside x a drop ( sold]+ acid & a bit ( sold]1 en\gh to fill x :5 melt$4 ,hold x ov] ! lamp until ! sold] fuses4 ,:5 x has cool$1 wet ! *>g] ) a t\* ( ! acid j :]e ! b5d ( ! spr+ comes1 & !re place ! prim] ) ! sold] next ! wet place4 ,hold x 9 position ) a b5t piece ( wire or a /rip ( /eel b5t l a loop4 ,hold ov] ! lamp1 ) ! prim] d[nw>d1 until ! sold] is melt$4 ,replace ! spr+1 & x w be f\nd t x w rema9 firmly 9 its place4 ,brok5 ,plung] ,nipples4--,:5 plung] nipples are brok5 or are lo/ f ! gun1 & none are at h& to repair ! damage1 a sub/itute may be f\nd 9 a common gun-nipple by fil+ away a portion ( ! cone :]e ! cap is plac$4 ,x is wor? :ile to save brok5 nipples1 z !y are tak5 f guns ) ?is end 9 view = _! use4 ,!y c be anneal$ or ! temp] drawn1 & !y c be kept ready = drill+ = ! /rik]s & cutt+ ov] to fit ! gun 9 :i* !y are to be ins]t$4 ,! nipple us$ 9 milit>y arms makes a good sub/itute = a brok5 plung] nipple1 z ! ?read is ne>ly ! same z t ( "s plung] nipples4 ,h[ to ,remove ,ru/$ ,screws1 ,brok5 ,nipples1 etc4--,sometimes x s happ5s t a screw is s ru/$ 9 a lock or o!r "p ( a gun1 or a ru/$ nipple refuses to />t f its seat1 & by repeat$ trials ! sides ( ! screw-head adjo9+ ! slot are worn away or ! squ>es ( ! nipple are =c$ (f1 & ! removal ( ei!r screw or nipple an almo/ impossibility ) ! h& screw-driv] or nipple wr5*4 ,9 su* cases h a screw-driv] or ! nipple wr5* fitt$ to ! la! *uck1 &1 hold+ ! screw or nipple 9 place to be ?us turn$ out1 move ! dead sp9dle ( ! la! s t ! "w be firmly held 9 place1 ) no *ance to 8give back10 !n turn ! la! by mov+ ! fly-:eel ) ! h&1 or hold ! :eel fa/ & turn ! "w1 &1 z !re is no *ance = ! tool to slip f its place1 ! screw & nipple is almo/ sure to be />t$4 ,if s1 x may be readily turn$ f its place by h&4 ,conv]t+ ,muskets to ,sport+ ,guns4--,v (t5 old muskets are br\ght to ! gunsmi? to h ! rifl+ bor$ out & *ang$ s z to pres5t m ( ! appe>ance ( a sport+ gun4 ,if prop]ly work$ ov] !y make a gun n v bad-look+1 b v s]viceable1 z !y w /& a great am\nt ( abuse & w be> l>ge *>ges4 ,= %oot+ hawks & keep+ corn-fields cle> ( depr$ators !y are 8j ! ?+40 ,aft] ! rifl+ is remov$1 cut (f ! b>rel to #cj or #cb in*es 9 l5g?4 ,take (f ! b&s & ?r[ !m away4 ,cut (f ! /ock :]e ! top ( ! l[] b& comes1 sold] a rib on "u side ( ! b>rel & atta* two ?imbles to receive a wood5 ramrod4 ,bore out ! /ock to receive ! wood5 rod1 us+ ! ?imbles on ! rib z guides 9 s do+4 ,fit ! rod z 9 sport+ guns4 ,ca/ a tip on =e end ( /ock :]e ! l[] b& 01 us+ ! l[] %\ld] :]e ! b& re/$ = ! %\ld] ( ! tip4 ,remove ! elevat+ sight by heat+1 if x be sold]$ on1 & fix muzzle sight by sold]+ on a bit ( brass1 or by drill+ a hole & putt+ 9 a p9 & fil+ to %ape4 ,9 bor+ = ! rod ! bit may /rike ! =w>d lock-screw1 & :5 ?is be ! case float ! /ock s t ! rod w g above ! screw4 ,don't attempt to *ange ! %ape ( ! /ock by remov+ any portion ( x1 o!rwise ?an /at$1 = by s do+ ! %ape & symmetry w be lo/1 & x w %[ to be a bot* job4 ,to hold ! b>rel 9 place a loop = ei!r wire or bolt mu/ be atta*$ to ! b>rel a little di/ance back f ! =e end1 & a wire or bolt put ?r\gh ! /ock ! same z o!r guns are made4 ,9 place ( ! wire or bolt a v good plan is to put a %ort /ud on ! b>rel1 & f ! "u side ( ! =e end put 9 a screw ) a l>ge head1 l a tumbl]-screw4 ,9 ?is case x is necess>y to drill a hole ?r\gh ! /ud to let ! ramrod pass ?r\gh4 ,pat5t ,bree*1 ,bur/$4--,z ! "r-h& b>rel ( d\ble muzzle-load+ guns is fir$ m ?an ! o!r1 x sometimes happ5s t ! pat5t bree* ( ?is b>rel is de/roy$ or becomes defective4 ,x c be replac$ by tak+ a piece ( good s\nd iron1 cut d[n "o end ( x1 & cut a ?read ! same z if mak+ a bree*-p94 ,aft] be+ fitt$ to ! b>rel cup x = p[d]-*amb] l ! "o remov$1 & cut ! hook end (f to l5g?4 ,make ! nipple seat z giv5 9 ! article on t subject4 ,file ! hook s z to fit ! break-(f1 remove f ! gun1 & case-h>d54 ,a some:at =midable-look+ job to ! "o :o nev] made "o1 b v easy & simple :5 once accompli%$4 ,brok5 ,tumbl]s4--,x (t5 happ5s t ! tumbl] 9 a lock is brok5 (f :]e ! hamm] goes on1 & no tumbl] is at h& to replace x4 ,a repair may be made by fil+ away ! brok5 squ>e & fil+ a groove or slot d[n ! r\nd "p :]e x w5t ?r\gh ! lock plate4 ,fit a piece ( squ>e iron or /eel1 ( ! size ( ! brok5 squ>e1 or a r\nd piece t w make ! squ>e1 to ! tumbl] by fil+ away "o end to fit ! slot fil$ 9 ! r\nd "p4 ,hold x 9 place ) a piece ( b9d+ wire twi/$ ar\nd x1 & braze x ) spelt] sold] or good s(t copp] or brass1 !n f9i% to fit ! hamm]4 ,ano!r way is to remove ! end :]e x goes into ! bridle & !n drill a hole ?r\gh ! tumbl] ( ! size ( ?is end or be>+2 make ! piece to be braz$ on ) "o end to fit ?is hole & put x ?r\gh f> en\gh to make ! end fil$ away4 ,:5 fitt$1 braze & f9i%4 ,:5 ! trigg] cat* ( a tumbl] is brok5 or is worn away1 x c be entirely remov$ by fil+ & a piece ( /eel fitt$ or held by a small rivet & !n braz$4 ,aft] be+ f9i%$ up & fitt$ to ! trigg]1 ! tumbl] c be h>d5$1 c>e be+ tak5 n to heat x suffici5tly to melt ! braz+ mat]ial4 ,describ+ ,l9es on ,bright ,surfaces4--,_m gunsmi?s f9d x difficult to make ! patt]n ( "w ^u iron or /eel1 especially aft] ! surface is f9i%$4 ,yet x is necess>y to h ! outl9e ( ! int5d$ =m4 ,= in/ance1 if ! patt]n ( a hamm] = a revolv] or a gun hamm]1 ! sides ( :i* are bo? flat 79 fact ! hamm]s ( _m bree*-load+ rifles are made 9 ?is mann]71 be requir$ to be made on a piece ( iron or /eel t has be5 fac$ d[n1 ! me?od is to drill a hole = ! screw or p9 on :i* x turns1 !n fa/5 ! patt]n to ! "w by driv+ a piece ( wire into ! hole1 &1 ) a %>p scrib]1 m>k ar\nd ! patt]n1 :i* is !n remov$ & ! "w fil$ away to ! l9e4 ,if ! hamm] be a brok5 "o1 !n c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ! pieces held c>efully z !y 7 be=e be+ brok54 ,if ! pieces be some:at small & difficult to hold prop]ly1 w>m !m ov] a _s lamp & sme> ! sides to be put aga9/ ! blank1 lightly ) beeswax1 & ?is w t5d to hold !m bett] 9 place & prev5t _! slipp+4 ,to obta9 a m p]man5t l9e & "o t w %[ v di/9ctly 9 all its trac+s1 coat ! surface on :i* ! l9e is to be made ) a film ( copp]4 ,to d ?is take a lump ( sulphate ( copp]1 sometimes call$ blue vitriol or blue /one1 wet x ) wat] & rub ov] ! bright surface ( ! "w4 ,! moi/ure w dry 9 a few m9utes1 leav+ a surface or film ( pure copp]4 ,put ! patt]n 9 place & describe ! outl9e4 ,^u remov+ ! patt]n ! l9e w be f\nd to be cle> & %[+ v di/9ctly ?r\gh ! copp]y surface4 ,?ree or f\r light rubs ) ! sulphate are suffici5t to produce ?is surface1 :i* is s v ?9 t x may be easily remov$ :5 ! "w is done ) a f9e file1 or by rubb+ ) a bit ( em]y pap] or em]y clo?4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,on ,,p[d] ,,& ,,%ot4 ,to ,select ,buck ,%ot4--,! prop] way is to put a wad 9 ! muzzle ( ! gun1 ab\t half an in* d[n1 & fit ! %ot 9 p]fect lay]s2 if ?is is obs]v$1 !re w be no necessity to try !m 9 ! c>tridge case1 z !y w be sure to fit4 ,buck-%ot ca/ f a m\ld ) n9e to ! #a ounce1 w j fit a twelve-bore b>rel at ! muzzle 9 a *oke bore4 ,if small] %ot is requir$1 *oose f\r to a lay]1 or five1 & avoid ! sizes t come betwe54 ,at =ty y>ds1 all ^! pellets ought to g 9 a #bf-;in* circle1 & ! p5etration be equal to a small rifle4 ,weigh+ ,p[d]1 etc4--,= weigh+ p[d] *>ges = rifles1 ,apo!c>ies' scales & ! ,apo!c>ies' table ( weights & measures are us$4 ,! table is3 #bj gra9s1 #a scruple2 #c scruples1 #a dra*m2 #h dra*ms1 #a ounce2 #ab ounces1 #a p\nd4 ,p[d] is b\ght & sold by ,avoirdupois weight1 :i* has #af ounces to ! p\nd4 ,! table is3 #af dra*ms1 #a ounce2 #af ounces1 #a p\nd4 ,! /&>d unit ( weight ( ! ,u4 ,s41 is ! p\nd1 ,troy weight1 ! table ( :i* is3 #bd gra9s1 #a p5nyweight2 #bj p5nyweights1 #a ounce2 #ab ounces1 #a p\nd4 ,! gra91 ounce1 or p\nd1 ,troy1 & ! gra91 ounce1 & p\nd1 ,apo!c>ies' weight1 are precisely ! same2 b ! ounce is diff]5tly divid$4 ,! gra9 weight is ! same 9 bo? tables4 ,! p\nd ,avoirdupois1 l ! p\nd ,troy1 conta9s #g1jjj gra9s4 ,! p\nd ,apo!c>ies1 conta9s #e1gfj gra9s4 ,"o p\nd ( p[d]1 ,avoirdupois weight1 w load #adj fifty-gra9 c>tridges2 #ic sev5ty-five-gra9 c>tridges2 #gj "o-hundr$-gra9 c>tridges4 ,a dram ,avoirdupois is equal to #bg gra9s4 ,9 weigh+ bullets & p[d] 9 gra9s1 ,troy weight is us$1 & #dcg gra9s are equal to "o ounce ,avoirdupois4 ,! dra*m1 ,dixon measure1 is #bg gra9s1 ,troy or ,apo!c>ies' weight4 ,,comp>ative ,,sizes ,,( ,,%ot4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,s(t ,,%ot ,,pellets ,,to ,,ounce4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,baltimore ,/4 ,diamet] ,,description4,sp>ks,ta?am ,le ,roy ,*icago,l\is ,engli%( ,%ot ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,extra ,f9e #hd1jba ,du/4 ,f9e ,du/4 #aj1ghd ,du/4 #eiaj #defe ,no4 #ab4 #ccaf #bcbf #aggh #bbcb #bdjj #bhbj 0 #aa4 #affj #acdf #ihb #aecf #adad #agjj 0 #aj4 #iej #hdh #hbb #hae #hed #ajjf #agbh 0 #i4 #fae #efh #efj #fjj #eif #fhj #ihd 0 #h4 #dbf #cii #cge #cfe #dcd #dij #fjj 0 #g4 #cje #bia #bgh #bij #cbc #cfj #cda 0 #f4 #bde #bah #bji #aij #bdf #bej #bhj 0 #e4 #ahb #afh #aff #aej #agb #aij #bah 0 #d4 #acj #acb #aba #abe #adf #aeh #agg 0 #c4 #aah #ajf #ih #ij #aah #abf #ace 0 #b4 #ij #hf #hb #gj #ib #ie #aab 0 #a4 #hj #ga #fi #fj #ge #hb #hb 0 ,b4 #fc #ei #eh #ej #fb #fh #ge 0 ,b4,b4 #ee #ej #di #de #ec #ee #eh 0 ,b4,b4,b4 #dh #db #dd #dj #df #dg 0 ,a4 #ej 0 ,a4,a4 #dj 0 ,t4 #da #cf #ch #ce 0 ,t4,t4 #cf #ca #cb #cj 0 ,o4 #ch #ci 0 ,o4,o4 #cc #cd 0 ,o4,o4,o4 #bg #bh 0 ,t4,t4,t4 #bg #bf 0 ,t4,t4,t4,t4 #bd 0 ,f4 #bb #bg 0 ,f4,f4 #bd ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,*ill$ ,,%ot ,,pellets ,,to ,,ounce4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- 0 #ab4 #ccbh #bche 0 #aa4 #afgj #achj 0 #aj4 #ifj #hfh #agjj 0 #i4 #fah #ehe #ajjj 0 #h4 #dcb #dji #fjf 0 #g4 #cah #bii #cej 0 #f4 #bec #bbc #bgj 0 #e4 #aij #agb #bbj 0 #d4 #adb #acf #ahj 0 #c4 #abj #aji #acj 0 #b4 #ajf #hh #aaj 0 #a4 #hi #gc #hj 0 ,b4 #fa 0 ,b4,b4 #eb 0 ,b4,b4,b4 #dc ,,comp>ative ,,sizes ,,( ,,balls ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,balls ,,to ,,p\nd4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,baltimore ,/4 ,diamet] ,,description4,sp>ks,ta?am ,le ,roy ,*icago,l\is ,engli%( ,%ot ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,buck #c4 #cbj #cab 0 #h4 #cbj 0 #d4 #cjj 0 #c4 #bhh #bgj ,s4,s4,s4,g4 #bgb ,s4,s4,g4 #bdj ,buck #b4 #bab #bbe #bch #bej 0 #h4 #bcd 0 #g4 #bab #aid ,s4,g4 #agf ,buck #f4 #afe #agf ,i4 ,c4 #agd ,buck #a4 #afe #agb #afj #ahb ,o4 #aff ,buck #e4 #adg ,o4 #add #adj #ade ,m4,g4 #acf ,c4,p4 #acf ,buck #e4 #acf ,l4 ,buck4 #abh ,buck #d4 #abg ,o4,o4 #abj #abj ,buck #d4 #aac 0 #c4 #aac ,o4,o4 #aab #aac ,r4 #d4 #ajj ,o4,o4,o4 #ajj ,buck #c4 #ajj 0 #b4 #ig ,o4,o4,o4 #hh ,l4,g4 #hh ,o4,o4,o4 #he #he ,balls #ch4 #he ,n4,p4 #he ,buck #a4 #hd 0 #b4 #gj #eh4 #eh ,r4 #b4 #ee ,a4,p4 #ec ,balls #dd4 #ej #dh ,buck #a4 #ej ,r4 #a4 #cf #cb4 #cb oz4 #cb ,m4 #ah4 #ah ,m4 #af4 #af #af ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,colt ,,pi/ol ,,sizes4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,colt #ca4 ,buck #a ,buck #f 0 #cf4 ,r4 #d #jjj ,buck #c ,buck #b 0 #dd4 ,r4 #b ,b'lls ,buck #a #dd #dd ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,comp>ative ,,sizes ,,( ,,gunp[d]4 ,comm5c+ ) ! ,co>se/ ,gra9 ( ea* ,quality4 -------------------------------------- ,ori5tal4 ,orange4 ,hazz>d4 ,dupont4 -------------------------------------- ,,common ,,sport+4 -------------------------------------- ,c ,fg ,fg ,fg ,fg ,f,fg ,f,fg ,f,fg ,f,fg ,f,f,fg ,f,f,fg ,f,f,fg ,f,f,fg -------------------------------------- ,,f9e ,,sport+4 -------------------------------------- ,falcon ,am]ican ,no4 #a ,no4 #a 0 #b 0 #b 0 #c 0 #c ,e4 ,r4 -------------------------------------- ,,f9e ,,duck+4 -------------------------------------- ,falcon ,wild ,f[l4 ,no4 #d ,no4 #e ,no4 #e ,no4 #a 0 #c 0 #d 0 #d 0 #b 0 #b 0 #c 0 #c 0 #c 0 #a 0 #b 0 #b -------------------------------------- ,,be/ ,,quality ,,sport+4 -------------------------------------- ,di'mond ,gra94 ,lightn+ ,electric4 ,no4 #d ,no4 #g ,no4 #d 0 #c 0 #f 0 #c 0 #b 0 #e 0 #b 0 #a 0 #d ,fg ,diamond ,f,fg ,gra94 ,f,f,fg -------------------------------------- ,dupont's ,eagle ,rifle p[d] is ! f9e/ gra9 ( sport+ p[d] made2 ,ori5tal ,falcon ,sport+1 ,no4 #c gra91 is ! ne>e/ to x 9 size4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,miscellane\s ,,recipes4 ,s(t ,sold]+4--,s(t sold]1 s call$1 is a composition made by melt+ toge!r two p>ts t9 & "o "p lead4 ,if ! gunsmi? ev] has occasion to use x1 he w ne$ a sold]+ fluid1 :i* is made by dropp+ clipp+s ( z9c into muriatic acid until ebullition has ceas$1 !n add+ to ! acid its equal 9 bulk ( pure wat]1 al?\gh "s me*anics d n consid] ! addition ( wat] z necess>y4 ,clean ?or\ghly ! p>ts to be sold]$ toge!r1 !n wet !m ) ! sold]+ fluid4 ,next place 9 ! jo9t a ?9 bit ( ! s(t sold]1 & expose to heat1 ! heat+ ag5t to be cle> ( oil4 ,! pieces %\ld be held1 press$ betwe5 ! blades ( l>ge tweez]s1 s t :5 ! sold] melts ! two p>ts w come directly toge!r4 ,s soon z ! sold] melts1 ! "w mu/ be tak5 f ! fire1 z ! sold]+ w be complete4 ,a little long] exposure w\ld burn ! sold] & spoil ! "w4 ,good ,s(t ,sold]4--,good s(t sold] is compos$ ( equal p>ts ( pure t9 & good s(t lead4 ,! lead f old tea-*e/s is excell5t4 ,plumb]s' sold] is (t5 made ( lead ?ree p>ts & t9 "o "p4 ,sold]+ ,fluid4--,a sold]+ fluid = jewel]s' use is made by add+ to alcohol all ! *loride ( z9c x w dissolve4 ,braz+4--,?is consi/s 9 unit+ iron & o!r h>d-melt+ metals ) a brass sold]4 ,put ! p>ts toge!r z = s(t sold]+1 lay ! brass betwe5 ! pieces or along ! upp] edge ( ! jo9t1 if x c be held v]tically1 & add a goodly supply ( pulv]iz$ borax to act z a flux4 ,heat ov] a *>coal fire till ! brass melts & runs d[n into ! jo9t1 !n take f ! fire & cool4 ,be=e beg9n+ ! op]ation ( braz+ ! p>ts to be put toge!r mu/ be made entirely clean1 & !n fre%ly fil$ to brightness4 ,to ,braze ,lugs on ,gun ,b>rels4--,:5 n practicable to fa/5 ! lugs by means ( p9s or rivets1 hold !m 9 place ) b9d+ wire4 ,take a piece ( iron1 say in* ?ick & #b in*es or m 9 wid?1 & make 9 x a slot "s l>g] ?an ! lug to be braz$4 ,lay ! b>rel on ! iron sideways1 & pack up ! lug s z to lie level1 if necess>y1 also tak+ c>e t x is on /raight4 ,pure copp] is excell5t = all k9ds ( braz+1 :5 ! color ( ! copp] is n objectionable4 ,h>d ,sold]+4--,see 8,to ,sold] ,brass10 9 ,*apt] ,,xii1 :i* ab\t cov]s ! :ole ?+1 v>y+ only 9 ! composition ( ! sold] = diff]5t metals4 ,! brass sold] !re describ$ acts equally well = sold]+ copp]1 b = silv] a sold] is made compos$ ( two p>ts silv] & "o "p brass4 ,h>d ,sold]s4--#a4 ,a h>d sold] t is yell[ & easily fusible is made ( copp]1 #d p>ts1 & z9c1 #e p>ts4 #b4 ,to h>d sold] iron use good t\gh brass or %eet copp]1 ) borax z a flux4 #c4 ,pure copp]1 cut 9 ?9 /rips1 ) borax z a flux1 is excell5t = braz+ iron or /eel4 ,alloy = ,adh]+ to ,iron or ,/eel4--,melt toge!r1 t9 #c p>ts1 z9c #g p>ts1 & copp] #ci p>ts4 ,clean ! iron or /eel1 file to brightness & ca/ ! alloy ^u x4 ,! iron or /eel %\ld be heat$ up to ab\t ! melt+ temp]ature ( ! alloy4 ,?is alloy w adh]e firmly to ! o!r metal1 & z its rate ( expansion is ab\t ! same z ! iron or /eel1 "u all circum/ances1 x w nev] come loose4 ,x f9i%es up nicely & pres5ts a v neat1 light yell[ appe>ance4 ,"s gunsmi?s use x = braz+ purposes on acc\nt ( its adhesive prop]ties & its ease ( fusion4 ,x does n make s /rong a jo9t z brass or copp]1 & !re=e w\ld n give s 8hone/0 a job4 ,gun ,oil4--,a good quality ( sp]m oil is und\bt$ly ! be/ oil to apply to gun "w1 especially ! locks4 ,any f9e animal oil may be us$ z a sub/itute4 ,! oil f ! fat ( ! wood*uck or gr\nd-hog is admir$ by _m4 ,f9e quality ( sew+-ma*9e oil is v good4 ,x mu/ n be ?9n$ or 8cut0 ) k]os5e or b5z9e1 z ?is r$uces its we>+ quality4 ,x mu/ n ?ick5 ) exposure to ! cold4 ,vegetable oils are unfit = ! locks ( guns4 ,ca/or oil w gum up & become fil?y 9 ! extreme4 ,olive oil or 8sweet oil0 has v (t5 be5 agitat$1 ) common salt1 nitric e!r1 sulphuric acid or hydro*loric acid to keep x f becom+ rancid4 ,application ( su* oil1 9 addition to its bad lubricat+ quality1 w ru/ & spoil "w :]e appli$4 ,if desir$ to cl>ify oil1 put 9 a bottle1 say a qu>t ( oil1 & add ab\t half a p\nd ( f9e lead %av+s4 ,9 a %ort "t ! impurities w collect on ! lead1 :5 ! cl>ifi$ portion may be p\r$ (f4 ,let ! bottle /& 9 ! sun = two or ?ree weeks dur+ ! process1 & !n filt] ?r\gh f9e :ite blott+-pap]4 ,if "s portion be f\nd to congeal by cold1 sep>ate ! cle> portion f ! o!r1 res]v+ ! uncongeal$ = use dur+ exposure ( ! gun to cold wea!r4 ,gunsmi?'s ,glue4--,dissolve f\r ounces ( good glue 9 sixte5 ounces ( /rong acetic acid by exposure to g5tle heat4 ,?is is n exactly a liquid glue prep>ation--x is only semi-liquid4 ,x may be kept = any l5g? ( "t desir$1 &1 :5 want$ = use1 a slight w>m+ up is all ! prep>ation necess>y4 ,! gunsmi? f9ds x n only v conv5i5t1 9 case he %\ld h occasion to use glue ab\t 8 woodwork1 b also v good4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,,on ,,judg+ ,,! ,,quality ,,( ,,guns4 ,! ,muzzle-,load+ ,%ot-,gun4--,9 ! days :5 ! gun ( ?is "* 0 at its z5i?1 its quality c\ld be approximately decid$ ^u by a glance at ! manufactur]'s br& :i* x bore1 b at pres5t t rule _c be s safely tru/$4 ,_m ( ! h\ses :i* built = !mselves a f9e reputation by ! manufacture ( f9e guns ( ! muzzle-load+ ord]1 h ei!r ceas$ to exi/1 or h gone exclusively into ! manufacture ( bree*-load]s1 consequ5tly ! old br&s1 ?\gh !y may /ill be met )1 are n reliable4 ,9 tru? !y are m (t5 dang]\s signs ?an o!rwise1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fact t unscrupul\s manufactur]s n unfrequ5tly apply !m surreptiti\sly z an ag5t to aid 9 work+ (f _! bogus goods4 ,x is1 !re=e1 be/ to give br&s b little consid]ation 9 judg+ ! quality ( new muzzle-load]s1 tru/+ ma9ly on p]sonal k z to :at a good gun %\ld be1 back$ up by ?or\gh te/ 9 all cases :]e su* a ?+ is necess>y4 ,! man capable ( becom+ a good gunsmi? w require no special rules = 8 gov]nm5t 9 ?is matt]4 ,he w "k t a /eel gun is pref]able to an iron gun1 & he w be able to readily di/+ui% betwe5 /eel & iron4 ,he w also "k t a gun f9ely f9i%$ 9 e p>ticul>1 is1 und\bt$ly1 a bett] gun ?an "o put toge!r 9 ! r\gh1 & 8 own eyes w quickly tell him z to ! f9i%4 ,prompt$ by ^! consid]ations1 ! muzzle-load+ %ot-gun is turn$ ov] to ! good s5se ( ! gunsmi? = adjudgem5t z to sup]ior or inf]ior qualities1 leav+ him to decide ^u x1 unbias$ by any rules t c\ld be giv51 :i* is ! mo/ rational c\rse to pursue1 s9ce1 "u exi/+ circum/ances x w\ld be impossible to make rules t w\ld be entirely reliable4 ,! ,muzzle-load+ ,rifle4--,9 ! case ( ! old-fa%ion$ ,k5tucky rifle1 /ill on ! m>ket 9 limit$ numb]s1 eyesight & te/1 if necess>y1 w h to be ! ma9 reliance ( ! gunsmi? 9 judg+ ( quality4 ,! b>rel ( a fir/-quality gun ( ?is "* is wr\ght iron1 made eight-squ>e1 & f9ely f9i%$4 ,! lock is /eel1 well put up1 & provid$ ) d\ble or set trigg]s4 ,! /ock is ei!r black-walnut or maple highly poli%$ & oil-f9i%$4 ,! bore is giv5 z p]fect a degree ( f9i% z iron is capable ( tak+1 & ! rifles are deeply-cut & entirely regul> all ! way ?r\gh4 ,! sights are made ) great c>e1 "s ( ! f9e/ guns hav+ an elevat+ h9d-sight to be *ang$ = long or %ort range--say1 = #ejj or #ej y>ds4 ,9 "s ( ! old] made guns ! =esights are silv]1 ?\gh z a g5]al rule !y are made ( "s k9d ( :ite metal comp\nd n s liable to glimm] z silv]4 ,! tube-cyl9d] has a v5t screw 9 ! end ( x1 :i* may be tak5 out = ! purpose ( work+ 9 p[d] 9 case a ball %\ld h be5 accid5tly put d[n )\t p[d]1 :i* accid5t1 )\t ?is provision1 w\ld be apt to necessitate an unbree*+ ( ! gun4 ,! b>rels are ( diff]5t l5g?s1 rang+ f #bf to #dj in*es1 & ! size ( bore is equally v>i$4 ,x is usually e/imat$ by ! numb] ( r\nd bullets a p\nd ( lead w ca/ to fit x1 z #bjj 7smalle/ bore71 #age1 #ajj1 & s on d[n to #ej1 :i* is consid]$ ! l>ge/ bore 9 common use4 ,! weight ( ! gun complete usually ranges at f six to twelve p\nds4 ,a /eel-b>rel rifle made on ! ,k5tucky plan may be met ) occasionally1 ?\gh n (t54 ,! /eel b>rel g5]ally adds ab\t five doll>s 9 co/ ov] t ( ! iron b>rel f9i%$ 9 ! same way1 & is suppos$ to be at lea/ t mu* bett] on acc\nt ( less liability to we> & r\gh5 9 ! bore4 ,! muzzle-load+ rifle ( m mod]n /yle diff]s v mat]ially f ! old ,k5tucky rifle 9 _m respects4 ,mr4 ,b>b]1 9 8 8,crack ,%ot10 says ( x t s _m *anges are con/antly tak+ place1 & op9ions are s div]sifi$1 t x is really difficult to /ate :at is ! prevail+ /yle2 b he is ( op9ion t a b>rel ( f ?irty to ?irty-f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 ) a bore f ?irty-eight hundr$?s in* to =ty-f\r hundr$?s in* w be f\nd to answ] be/ = g5]al purposes4 ,if = sport+ purposes exclusively ! b>rel ought to be a little %ort]1 p]haps1 ?\gh he believes ! great hunt]s ( ! pla9s use rifles ) b>rels ( f ?irty five to =ty in*es 9 l5g?1 & ( a calibre s small z to enable !m to make sixty r\nd balls out ( "o p\nd ( lead4 ,b1 /ill adopt+ ,b>b]1 x is v difficult to lay d[n p>ticul> rules z to :at a muzzle-load+ rifle ( mod]n /yle %\ld be1 z m>ksm5 & gunmak]s are bo? :imsical1 & ea* has 8 set ideas & notions conc]n+ ! matt]4 ,"s advocate a long b>rel1 :ile o!rs ma9ta9 t any?+ beyond ?irty-?ree in*es militates aga9/ good %oot+4 ,!re are _m prom95t e/abli%m5ts engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( mod]n muzzle-load+ rifles1 "s ( !m c>ry+ spl5did reputations1 h5ce 9 ?is case a good deal ( reliance c be plac$ ^u br&s4 ,= in/ance1 %\ld a rifle be se5 m>k$ to ,wesson1 x is a gu>antee ( a good gun1 = ! reputation ( ! manufactur] is wor? too mu* to admit ( risk+ its t>ni% by putt+ ^u ! m>ket goods be>+ 8 br& t are n fully up to all t is claim$ = !m4 ,& n[ t ref]5ce has be5 made incid5tally to ,wesson1 a description may z well be made ( "s ( ! peculi>ities ( 8 muzzle-load+ rifle z pres5t+ a fair sample ( a fir/-class gun ( ?is ord]4 ,& to d ?is "u ! be/ ( au?ority1 ref]5ce is made to ,mr4 ,*apman's book on ! ,rifle1 :i* is g5]ally accept$ z a /&>d "w4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,wesson muzzle-load+ rifle1 ,mr4 ,*apman says t ! b>rel is made ( ca/ /eel1 n highly c>boniz$1 b ?or\ghly anneal$ 9 an air-tight ov54 ,! l5g? ( ! b>rel is two feet eight in*es :5 ! load+ muzzle is (f4 ,outside1 ! b>rel tap]s a little f bree* to muzzle1 ! diff]5ce 9 diamet] be+ "o f\r? ( an in*4 ,! b>rel is n furni%$ ) a rib1 except x be t ! %ort tube at ! bree* c be call$ a rib1 ! peculi>ity ( /ock+ do+ away ) ! necessity = a regul> rib4 ,! gun has a pat5t bree*1 :i* is made ( iron case-h>d5$4 ,x is jo9$ to ! break-(f by ! old-fa%ion$ hook1 ) ! addition ( a half-lap jo9t1 secur$ by a squ>e-head$ screw4 ,su* a mode ( fa/5+ ! b>rel de/roys ! necessity = wood =w>d ( ! bree*1 & gives a peculi>ly elegant & /rik+ appe>ance to ! arm4 ,! load+-muzzle is put on by means ( f\r /eel wire p9s ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet] & ?ree-eigh?s long1 & ! holes = ^! p9s are locat$ z ne> ! outside z possible4 ,! grooves ( ?is rifle are cut ) a twi/1 :i* turns ! bullet once 9 ?ree feet six in*es4 ,!re are six grooves1 & ! spaces betwe5 !m are left entirely squ>e to ! int]ior surface1 pres5t+ a k9d ( dove-tail appe>ance4 ,! grooves are n q s wide z ! spaces betwe5 !m4 ,! bree* is furni%$ ) a v5t or brea?+ nipple1 ab\t ! diamet] ( a common p91 & bu%$ ) plat9um4 ,! lock has back-action1 furni%$ ) a s+le set4 ,! /ock is ( black walnut1 made z /raight z possible4 ,x is furni%$ ) a pat* box1 & also a small box to conta9 a wip]1 :i* c be atta*$ to ! end ( ! ramrod4 ,a globe sight is fix$ into ! /ock1 j beh9d ! break-(f1 :ile a bead sight holds position at ! muzzle-end ( ! b>rel4 ,! weight ( ! gun complete is t5 p\nds4 ,( c\rse x w be cle>ly und]/ood t ?is description is n (f]$ z ( ! be/ muzzle-load+ rifle made1 b simply because x happ5$ to be conv5i5t to make4 ,!re are1 d\btless1 o!r guns equally z good1 & a pref]5ce ( "o ov] ! o!r1 9 all probability1 w\ld h to be born ( circum/ances1 z some?+ peculi> 9 ! ta/es or requirem5ts ( ! p]son by :om ! gun 0 to be us$1 or 9 ! p>ticul> l9e ( use to :i* x 0 to be appli$4 ,! ,bree*-load+ ,%ot ,gun4--,gloan tells u t1 9 judg+ ! quality ( a bree*-load]1 !re are o!r ?+s to be tak5 into consid]ation besides ! m]e %oot+ ( ! gun4 ,fir/ among ^! is its safety relative to ! p]son us+ x4 ,!re is m ma*9]y & complication ab\t x ?an !re is ab\t ! muzzle-load]1 & to t ext5t1 if n made ^u s\nd pr9ciples1 & p]fectly well made1 x is m dang]\s1 to say no?+ ( be+ less durable4 ,b ! pr9ciple mu/ be a prime consid]ation1 =1 if a gun1 no matt] h[ well made1 is con/ruct$ ) a work+ movem5t :i* pres5ts great /ra9 & great friction1 x mu/ spe$ily we> out4 ,ev5 ! be/ bree*-load]1 ) ! s\nde/ kn[n action1 mu/ we> out soon] ?an w\ld an arm ( less complication1 because "s peculi> /ra9 & friction _c possibly be avoid$2 h5ce ! great importance ( pass+ judgm5t entirely favorable ^u only ! be/4 ,! fir/ ?+ to decide ^u1 !n1 is ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ! gun works4 ,no special rules c be giv5 to gov]n 9 ! =mation ( ?is decision o!r ?an t simplicity is always wor?y ( favorable consid]ation--! great] ! simplicity ! bett]1 provid$ x works to ! full accompli%m5t ( all ! ends desir$4 ,next to simplicity may be rank$ durability1 & next to ?is may come 9 good %oot+ & safety4 ,^! la/ two consid]ations are put z ?ird & f\r?1 :5 _m p]sons w\ld be incl9$ to rank !m z second & fir/4 ,:y ?is is done is because _m ( ! mo/ common guns are safe en\gh1 s f> z t is conc]n$1 :ile n a few ( !m %oot v well = a :ile4 ,"s mo/ excell5t %oot+ has be5 done ) extremely common guns1 work+ ^u a pr9ciple s complicat$ & s imp]fect z to r5d] x impossible = !m to rema9 9 ord] beyond a comp>atively %ort l5g? ( "t4 ,! ,engli% manufactur]s1 ( good reputation1 take great pa9s ) _! bree*-load+ %ot-guns2 h5ce1 until )9 a v few ye>s1 ,engli% guns 7 consid]$ entirely sup]ior to ^? ( ,am]ican make1 b n[ x is ackn[l$g$1 ev5 by ! ,engli% p1 t 9 ,am]ica we put up1 at lea/1 "s guns t h no sup]iors4 ,?is la/ nam$ fact has some:at de/roy$ ! weight ( ,engli% br&s ) p]sons :o are look+ = a gun ( ! v be/ quality4 ,b ! advance on ! "p ( ,am]ican gunmak]s is n ! only ?+ t has work$ aga9/ ! reputation ( ,engli% guns = be+ em95tly ! be/4 ,! gun-mak+ bus9ess ( ,belgium has s]i\sly injur$ ! g5]al good "n ( ,engli% guns1 j z ! wat*-mak+ bus9ess ( ,switz]l& has injur$ ! good "n ( ,engli% wat*es4 ,= in/ance1 ,liege1 9 ,belgium1 is almo/ lit]ally a city ( gunmak]s4 ,x is e/imat$ t !re are n[ m small fire-arms made 9 ,liege ?an 9 all ! re/ ( ! _w put toge!r1 ?\gh ,liege gets cr$it = comp>atively few ( !m4 ,! diff]5t p>ts are manufactur$ !re1 & %ipp$ to o!r c\ntries z gunmak]s' mat]ials1 :]e !y are put toge!r & br&$ ) ! "n ( a mak] :o really play$ no "p :atev] 9 ! mak+4 ,9 ,liege ea* manufactur+ h\se is devot$ to ! manufacture ( b a s+le "p1 kn[+ no?+ :atev] ( ! o!r p>ts manufactur$ at o!r e/abli%m5ts4 ,z a result ! gun made ( ,liege mat]ials is simply a pat*work1 & h5ce c\ld n possibly be s reliable z a gun ^: e "p is made 9 ! same e/abli%m5t1 & "u ! eye ( ! same g5]al sup]9t5d5t4 ,engl& has gone l>gely into ! putt+ up ( ^! pat*work guns1 simply = ! reason t %e c buy ! ,liege mat]ials mu* *eap] ?an %e c make !m at home4 ,?is *eapness is due to ! inf]ior mat]ials us$ by ! ,liege manufactur]s1 & to ! extremely l[ rate ( wages 9 ,belgium4 ,x is ass]t$1 ^u good au?ority1 t ! ,engli% 8manufactur]0 c get 8 f9i%$ mat]ials f ,liege1 pay+ regul> ,gov]nm5t duty1 & put toge!r :at w\ld appe> to be a fair quality ( d\ble-b>rel bree*-load+ %ot-gun1 at ! co/ ( ab\t sev5 doll>s4 ,& he does x1 giv+ ! gun to ! m>ket "u 8 own br&1 or surreptiti\sly "u t ( "s o!r h\se kn[n to be m reliable ?an 8 own4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ,engli% reputation is sadly injur$ z reg>ds ! bus9ess ( mak+ ! be/ guns1 & gunsmi?s c no long] tru/ to ,engli% br&s z a sure gu>antee ( fir/-class quality4 ,( c\rse !re are "s ,engli% manufactur]s :om x w always d to tru/1 provid$ "o kn[s to a c]ta9ty t ! gun is really g5u9e4 ,if t pat*work game is play$ 9 ?is c\ntry at all x is on a small scale z yet1 & is conf9$ to ! *eape/ guns4 ,a gun f any ( our prom95t h\ses is q sure to be z repres5t$2 &1 until ! gunsmi? becomes s famili> ) all ! requirem5ts ( a good gun1 ! mak]'s price may be tak5 z a pretty safe rule by :i* to judge ( quality4 ,ea* manufactur+ h\se is apt to h its guns grad$1 & pric$ accord+ly--! high] ! price ask$ ! bett] ! gun 9 e case1 = x is z mu* ! desire ( ! prom95t manufactur] to make a good "n z x is to make a good gun4 ,( c\rse ?is rule c only be consid]$ entirely safe 9 case :]e ! scale ( prices has be5 obta9$ directly f headqu>t]s4 ,pass+ ?r\gh half a doz5 or s ( middle h\ses might "w important *anges f ! orig9al price li/4 ,:]e none ( ^! rules c be br\ght to be> x is b natural t ! inexp]i5c$ gunsmi? %\ld turn to 8 ,,manual = aid 9 =m+ judgm5t ^u ! quality ( ! gun4 ,a few g5]al ideas may n be out ( place4 ,all ! movem5ts ( ! action %\ld be smoo?1 & all ! jo9ts %\ld fit to p]fection4 ,! locks %\ld h due consid]ation4 ,:5 ! hamm] is drawn back x %\ld come ) less & less resi/ance z x rises1 & vise v]sa :5 ! hamm] is let d[n1 ex]t+ its greate/ p[] imm$iately on rea*+ ! nipple or fir+-p94 ,b ?is increase & decrease ( p[] %\ld be extremely gradual1 & n great4 ,?r\gh\t ! movem5t !re %\ld be a /ead9ess & fre5ess1 or1 z ,gloan says1 an oil9ess1 :i* :5 once realiz$1 c nev] aft]w>ds be mi/ak54 ,& :5 by a regul> pressure ^u ! trigg] ! hamm] is exp]tly rais$ & l[]$ 9 rapid succession1 ! locks %\ld emit a cle> r++ s\nd at ! :ole & half-cock ) ! resonance & regul>ity ( beats 9 music4 ,:5 once he>d1 ?is1 too1 c nev] aft]w>ds be mi/ak54 ,! locks :i* p]=m to p]fection "u ! te/s m5tion$ are te*nically said to 8speak well40 ,turn+ f ! lock to ! lev]1 ! latt] %\ld close ) su* ease z n to require any p>ticul> ex]tion ( ! wri/1 & :5 clos$ x %\ld hold ) su* a degree ( firmness z to place safety1 :ile dis*>g+ ! gun1 entirely beyond "q4 ,! w$ges ( ! action %\ld be fully & squ>ely set 9 ! lump4 ,if a p9 gun ! p9 %\ld fit 9 ! hole ) nicety4 ,if too tight1 ! b>rels might n close1 or ! p9 might be held back to su* an ext5t t ! cap w\ld n be explod$4 ,if too loose an unnecess>y escape ( gas at ! dis*>ge w\ld be unavoidable1 to ! discom=t ( ! gunn] & ! weak5+ ( ! %ot4 ,if a c5tral fire ! plung]s %\ld /rike ! c5tre ( ! cap unv>y+ly4 ,! hamm] %\ld come ^u ! plung] ) a bl[--n a m]e pu%4 ,! c\nt]s9k ( ! *amb]s1 & ! l5g? & bread? ( ! action b$1 %\ld be closely obs]v$4 ,! c\nt]s9k %\ld be cut clean & deep en\gh to take ! rim ( ! c>tridge )\t leav+ ! slighte/ projection--else ! gun w n %ut p]fectly4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 ! c\nt]s9k be too deep ! c>tridge comes back on ! bree* be=e ! *>ge makes its exit1 :i* increases ! recoil & r5d]s accuracy less c]ta94 ,! c5tral fire /rik]s %\ld n be too %ort1 an imp]fection :i* might cause ! dis*>ge ( ! gun :ile clos+ x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y %\ld n be too long1 z t w\ld int]f]e ) ! free motion ( ! gun4 ,9 ! case ( a p9 gun ! p9 %\ld inv>iably /& 9 exact l9e ) ! hamm]1 o!rwise ! bl[ w\ld be apt to b5d x1 & ! *ances = explod+ ! cap w\ld be less c]ta94 ,!re %\ld be no crevices betwe5 ! wood & iron4 ,if any su* crevice exi/s betwe5 ! /ock & ! false bree* x is likely t ! wood 0 gre5 :5 put up1 :i* w\ld settle x t ! gun 0 n ! "w ( a responsible mak]1 = no su* p]son w\ld "w imp]fectly-season$ wood4 ,! extractor ( ! c5tral fire %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to escape ! close/ scrut9y4 ,x %\ld "w )\t ! slighte/ hit*1 & its arms %\ld enclose ab\t "o-half ( ! c>tridge rim4 ,! c\nt]s9k %\ld fit ! rim precisely1 9 ord] t !re may be no slipp+4 ,! ,bree*-,load+ ,rifle4--,mo/ ( ! rules sugge/$ z aids 9 =m+ judgm5t ^u ! quality ( ! bree*-load+ %ot gun1 c be tru/$ z be>+ ) equal =ce 9 case ( ! bree*-load+ rifle4 ,! mak]s ( bree*-load+ rifles 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h won = !mselves a noble reputation ?r\gh\t ! _w2 &1 to be p]fectly pla91 !re are v few unreliable manufactur]s to be met ) among !m4 ,z a consequ5ce1 !re is n mu* risk to run 9 pass+ judgm5t ^u a bree*-load+ rifle ( ,am]ican make4 ,! fir/ ?+ to decide ^u is ! pr9ciple1 if !re is a pref]5ce 9 ?is direction4 ,su* decision br+s up ! gun ( "s p>ticul> mak]1 aft] :i* ! road is easy en\gh--! price set ^u ! grade ( gun by ! mak]1 may always be accept$ z a cle> indication ( its quality4 ,9 ref]r+ ?us to ,am]ican rifles ! idea is n advanc$ t good guns are n made 9 o!r c\ntries--su* a position w\ld be go+ wide ( ! tru?4 ,!re are "s gunmak]s 9 ,engl& :o turn out ! f9e/ rifles t ! _w has yet se51 & ! mo/ co/ly4 ,!y are models ( p]fection 9 e p>ticul>1 b :5 ! be/ %oot+ is asc]ta9$ x is discov]$ t !y h n prov5 !mselves sup]ior 9 t respect1 to ! m sub/antial 7g5]ally speak+71 b less f9ely f9i%$ & less exp5sive guns ( ! ,am]ican mak]s4 ,x is ?is matt] ( a really good rifle at comp>atively l[ figures t has giv5 ! ,am]ican product su* an enviable reputation ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,!n !re is ano!r reason = favorable m5tion ( ,am]ican rifles 9 cases :]e ! quality ( ! gun is to be judg$--!re are few] *ances = meet+ ) c\nt]feits on ,am]ican guns ?an !re are on guns ( =eign make4 ,"h ! gunmak] is s deeply conc]n$ 9 8 own good "n t x w\ld be v unsafe to attempt runn+ a 8bogus0 ^u him--he w\ld trace x to ! 8la/ dit*40 ,n s 9 case ( ! ,engli% mak]--hav+ no direct int]e/s ?r[n all ov] ?is c\ntry l a network1 z h ! ,am]ican mak]s1 he w\ld1 9 all probability1 nev] he> ( ! bogus gun br&$ to him & sold on 8 good reputation = _m times m ?an x 0 really wor?4 ,9 case :]e !re are no means ( gett+ at ! quality ( a rifle f ! grade affix$ & te/s made by a responsible manufactur]1 ! gunsmi? w ( c\rse be =c$ to fall back ^u 8 own res\rces4 ,:at ^! are we ne$ n /ate4 ,! gun mu/ be subject$ to a mo/ critical exam9ation 9 e "p1 9 ob$i5ce to rules laid d[n = exam9+ bree*-load+ %ot guns1 aft] :i* its %oot+ qualities mu/ be ?or\ghly te/$4 ,to no bot* at ! bus9ess c be tru/$ ! %oot+ te/1 if x be wi%$ to decide :e!r or n a c]ta9 rifle c be recomm5d$ z be+ ( fir/-class quality--! "w mu/ be p]=m$ at ! h&s ( an exp]t1 & x mu/ be cont9u$ until is secur$ unmi/akable pro( z to h[ ! gun %oots4 ,:5 a man buys a good rifle he does x 9 ! expectation ( becom+ ! own] ( a gun qualifi$ to %oot well1 &1 no matt] h[ p]fect x might be 9 all o!r respects1 ! slighte/ defici5cy 9 ?is p>ticul> w\ld be sure to r\se a high degree ( uncompromis+ dissatisfaction4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,rifle4 ,! ,old ,k5tucky ,rifle4--,! old backwoods hunt]s :o us$ ! long ,k5tucky rifle1 _h really b a v imp]fect idea ( its capabilities4 ,! gun 0 provid$ ) a h9d & a =e-sight1 ! latt] a 8bead0 locat$ ne> ! muzzle & ris+ b little above ! common level ( ! surface ( ! b>rel1 & ! =m] a small v]tical plate set 9 ! b>rel a %ort di/ance 9 advance ( ! lock1 & conta9+ 9 ! c5tre ( its upp] edge a f9e slit ?r\gh :i* to look at ! 8bead0 9 ! act ( tak+ aim4 ,! h9d-sight /ood fur!r above ! b>rel ?an ! =e-sight1 b :y x s /ood 0 some?+ ab\t :i* ! own] seldom conc]n$ himself4 ,( c\rse ! gunsmi? knew x 0 = ! purpose ( sett+ ! 8aim0 bel[ ! />t+ l9e ( ! bullet1 9 ord] t ! natural curve 9 its flight might be accommodat$1 b ?is 0 usually a secret ( ! gunsmi?s :i* nobody c>$ to possess4 ,! sight 0 immovable1 c\ld nei!r be rais$ nor l[]$1 consequ5tly ! gun c\ld n be adapt$ to circum/ances ( long or %ort range4 ,! elevation ( ! sight usually cross$ ! l9e ( vision & t ( ! flight ( ! bullet at ab\t "o hundr$ y>ds di/ance1 h5ce ! %oot+ at %ort] range 0 apt to be a little too high & too l[ at long] range4 ,at two hundr$ y>ds x 0 m]ely accid5tal1 ?\gh ! bullet /ruck ) a degree ( =ce app>5tly unabat$ at t di/ance4 ,if ! hunt] kill$ 8 game at two hundr$ y>ds1 he did x by aim+ a few feet too high = a 8sight0 at "o hundr$ y>ds1 consequ5tly he nev] %ot at t di/ance s long z !re 0 a prospect ( be+ able to creep ne>]4 ,& yet1 ) ! "r k9d ( elevat$ sight ! gun w\ld h be5 equally z effectual at two hundr$ y>ds z at "o hundr$2 9 tru? x w\ld h be5 good = f\r & p]haps six hundr$ y>ds1 b ! old hunt] _h n s mu* z a dream ( any su* ?+1 b w5t creep+ ab\t ?r\gh ! woods endeavor+ to /eal ^u 8 game1 unconsci\sly c>ry+ ^u 8 %\ld] an in/rum5t t ) s simple a contrivance z an elevat$ sight ( prop] grade might h br\ght x d[n almo/ z f> z ! eye c\ld h se5 x4 ,& ! game well knew ! limit$ capacity ( 8 gun1 p>ticul>ly ! de]1 :i* w\ld frisk (f to ! di/ance ( ab\t ?ree hundr$ y>ds & !re /op1 turn ar\nd1 /amp _! feet & 8:i/le0 at him 9 app>5t d]ision4 ,ah6 t he _h und]/ood ! real capabilities ( 8 gun1 & _h sudd5ly inv5t$ & appli$ an elevat$ or long-range sight made aft] "s ( ! approv$ mod]n plans1 h[ he w\ld h a/oni%$ !m6 ,9 ^? days ( pione] life 9 ! ,/ates n[ no long] on ! fronti]1 8mat* %oot+0 7x 0 n call$ t>get %oot+1 !n7 0 always conf9$ to a c]ta9 di/ance1 sixty y>ds (f-h& or "o hundr$ y>ds ) a re/4 ,! m>ksman 0 p]mitt$ to take 8 own *oice ( modes4 8,%oot+ mat*es0 7 v common 9 ^? e>li] times1 usually = beef4 ,a fat ox 0 put up to be %ot = at s mu* p] %ot1 some?+ on ! plan ( ! mod]n raffle4 ,:5 ! am\nt ask$ = ! animal _h be5 made up1 ! %oot+ comm5c$4 ,! be/ %ot took fir/ *oice1 :i* 0 "o ( ! h9d qu>t]s ( ! ox1 ! second be/ took second *oice1 :i* 0 ! o!r h9d qu>t]2 ! ?ird be/ took ?ird *oice1 :i* 0 "o ( ! =e qu>t]s1 & s on to ! fif? *oice1 :i* consi/$ ( ! hide & tall[4 ,happy occasions1 inde$1 7 ^? old 8%oot+ mat*es10 & spl5did1 inde$1 0 "s ( ! %oot+4 ,a regul> att5dance ^u num]\s t>get mat*es ( m mod]n times1 ) all ! mod]n appliances1 9 ! h&s ( m>ksm5 ) national reputations1 has nev] %[n u bett] %oot+ at sixty y>ds1 (f-h&1 or "o hundr$ y>ds ) a re/4 ,g5]al ,directions4--,mr4 ,edw>d ,c4 ,b>b]1 au?or ( ! 8,crack ,%ot10 says ! greate/ c>e & nicety is requir$ 9 load+ any k9d ( rifle1 if we desire to h x %oot ) accuracy4 ,a few gra9s too mu* or too little p[d] w alt] ! range ( ! bullet1 & ! bullet itself1 if n plac$ 9 ! b>rel exactly "r1 9 ! case ( ! muzzle-load]1 w come out at an irregul> angle1 &1 in/ead ( go+ /raight to ! m>k1 w be turn$ sideways4 ,?is tr\ble is avoid$ by ! use ( a 8/>t]10 to be _h at any gun /ore4 ,suppos+ t a "y man has j possess$ himself ( a rifle1 b :o kn[s no?+ ( its use save su* in=mation z he has be5 able to ga!r f m]e !ori/s4 ,he makes *oice ( a suitable place = tak+ 8 fir/ practical lesson1 :]e !re is no dang] ( inflict+ h>m ^u dis9t]e/$ p]sons4 ,he puts up 8 t>get & /eps (f fifty y>ds1 or x might be bett] to measure x m accurately ?an by /epp+4 ,suppose ! gun to be a fir/-class mod]n muzzle-load]4 ,! t>get is n[ arrang$2 proce$ to load4 ,grasp ! b>rel ( ! gun ne> ! muzzle2 turn x r\nd s t ! lock is outw>d1 !n p\r f ! flask ! prop] *>ge ( p[d]1 us+ ! *>g] :i* ! gunmak] has furni%$4 ,be sure t ! *>g] is exactly full--no m nor less4 ,p\r ! p[d] g5tly d[n ! b>rel1 hold+ ! latt] upright s t none ( ! p[d] w lodge 9 ! grooves or rifles4 ,get ready a 8pat*10 :i* has be5 previ\sly prep>$ by oil+ on "o side a piece ( f9e b sub/antial l95 ) sp]m oil su* z is us$ = sew+ ma*9es1 & cutt+ out ) a 8pat*-cutt]10 always to be _h ) a new gun4 ,place ?is pat* ov] ! muzzle1 oil$ side d[nw>d1 & !n set ! bullet p]fectly /raight & true 9 ! muzzle1 & ) ! 8/>t]0 press x d[nw>d two or ?ree in*es1 us+ ! ramrod to =ce x home4 ,avoid ! common error ( 8ramm+0 home ! bullet1 = two reasons3 fir/ly1 because ! bullet be+ jamm$ on ! p[d] meals & gr9ds x1 !reby depriv+ x ( a portion ( its /r5g?1 &1 secondly1 because injury is done to ! face ( ! ball1 :i* works aga9/ its tak+ a p]fectly true & accurate flight4 ,! old plan ( mak+ ! ramrod reb\nd to prove t ! ball 0 home1 z m5tion$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 0 wrong4 ,no?+ m ?an a mod]ate pressure is necess>y1 & if y are n will+ to tru/ to ?is a m>k on y\r ramrod1 to come exactly to ! muzzle :5 ! ball is entirely d[n1 w always tell ! tale4 ,n[ place a cap on ! tube or nipple1 :i* is1 d\btless1 full ( p[d]1 & ! 8%ooti/0 is ready = op]ations4 ,!re are two modes ( %oot+ ) a rifle3 (f-h&1 & ) a re/1 z has already be5 intimat$4 ,*oose ! mode t suits be/1 & beg9 practice4 ,(f-h& ,%oot+4--,b>b] says ! position :i* %\ld be *os5 = (f-h& %oot+ is "o t admits ( a good deal ( discussion4 ,!re is great diff]5ce ( op9ion on ! subject1 "s good %ots cont5d+ t !y nev] c\ld see any diff]5ce 9 _! %oot+1 :e!r !y 7 9 "o position or ! o!r2 :ile o!rs ma9ta9 t x is absolutely necess>y to good %oot+ t c]ta9 fix$ rules %\ld be adh]$ to4 ,!re are ?ree recogniz$ me?ods ( fir+1 viz41 ! ,briti% or ,hy! position1 ! ,swiss position & ! ,am]ican position4 ,9 ! fir/ nam$1 ! rifleman /&s p]fectly erect1 head slightly b5t =w>d1 feet at "r angles to ea* o!r1 ! left advanc$ ab\t twelve in*es1 ! "r arm rais$ well up1 ! left h& advanc$ s z to take a firm yet easy grip ( ! rifle1 ! butt ( :i* is to be press$ firmly aga9/ ! "r %\ld]1 ! "r h& grasp+ firmly ! small ( ! /ock4 ,capta9 ,heaton describes ! second me?od1 or ,swiss position1 by /at+ t no p>ticul> mann] ( plac+ ! feet is requir$4 ,! :ole body is kept p]fectly rigid1 ! *e/ exp&$ z mu* z possible1 aga9/ :i* ! left elb[ is all[$ to re/1 ! rifle be+ held ) ! left h& z ne> ! trigg] gu>d z x c be plac$4 ,! ,swiss rifles h a k9d ( h&le provid$ = ?is purpose4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body is ?r[n back4 ,be=e fir+ ! ,swiss m>ksman inv>iably takes a long1 deep inspiration1 :i* he holds until ! bullet has left 8 rifle1 :5 he breaks ! susp5sion ) a l\d grunt ( satisfaction if ! %ot happ5s to please him4 ,9 ! ,am]ican position1 to draw aga9 f ,b>b]1 ! legs are kept wide ap>t1 body slightly b5t backw>d1 ! left %\ld] a little back2 ) ! left h& he grasps ! rifle well out1 br++ ! arm ne>ly "u ! b>rel1 s z to =m a support2 ! "r arm is ?r[n out squ>e1 simil> to ! /yle adopt$ 9 ! ,engli% position4 ,! butt ( ! rifle is n press$ aga9/ ! %\ld]1 b 9 ! holl[ betwe5 ! biceps muscle & ! %\ld]4 ,clevel& pref]s ?is me?od to t ( ! ,engli%1 b ,b>b] does n1 z he consid]s x m con/ra9$ ?an ! o!r4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 great m5 mu/ diff]2 ! _w c\ld n get along all "r 7 x o!rwise4 ,! matt] ( me?od _h be/ be left to /& z a matt] ( ta/e1 or ( feel+ z to conv5i5ce to ! m>ksman1 z v good %oot+ has be5 done ?r\gh all ( !m4 ,hav+ settl$ ?is po9t1 br+ ! rifle up c>efully into position1 ! eye be+ /eadily fix$ ^u ! object to be fir$ at2 sl[ly raise ! b>rel until ! sights & ! object are 9 direct l9e1 & ! in/ant t ?is condition is fully app>5t press ^u ! trigg]1 /ill keep+ ! eye /eadily on ! m>k4 ,x is always be/ to hold ! brea? at ! in/ant ( fir+2 & 9 press+ ! trigg] ! =e>m alone %\ld act1 ! arm & wri/ be+ /ation>y4 ,no o!r movem5t ( ! body or any memb] !re( %\ld take place betwe5 ! "t ( secur+ aim & dis*>g+ ! gun4 ,! aim %\ld be quickly tak5--a long dwell1 ) wabbl+s on & wabbl+s (f ! m>k is apt to d m h>m ?an good4 ,on ?is po9t ,frank ,=re/] says3 8,?\gh x is necess>y to get a sure aim be=e fir+1 x is n necess>y to dwell on x be=e do+ s4 ,e second betwe5 hav+ tak5 true sight & ! giv+ fire is a second lo/1 or worse ?an lo/2 = ! long] ! rifle is held to ! face1 ! great] ! t5sion ( ! muscles & n]ves1 & ! likeli] are bo? to %ake & give way4 ,! fir/ true sight is always1 ) all fire-arms1 ! be/ sight1 & a quick %ot has z mu* or m advantage ov] a sl[ %ot1 ) ! rifle z ) any o!r weapon40 ,b>b] says he consid]s 8! pull ( ! trigg] a v important consid]ation2 x %\ld n be too slight1 s z to g (f almo/ involunt>ily1 nor s h>d z to require =ce1 b s t1 by a g5tle pressure1 comm5c$ at ! mom5t ( tak+ aim1 ! slighte/ extra squeeze w cause ! hamm] to fall at ! v in/ant :5 ! aim is p]fect$40 ,re/ ,%oot+4--,if ! old-fa%ion$ backwoods hunt]s %ot ) a re/ at all t re/ _h no?+ complicat$ ab\t x1 be+ usually only ! side ( a tree4 ,! rifle 0 br\ght up aga9/ ! side ( a tree & press$ !re ) ! left h&1 :i* held x pretty mu* aft] ! plan employ$ 9 ! ,am]ican me?od ( (f-h& %oot+4 ,if ! object to be fir$ at 0 occupy+ an elevat$ position1 z a squirrel among ! bran*es ( a neighbor+ tree1 ?is k9d ( re/ 0 a v easy & good "o1 b x 0 n s easy :]e a horizontal %ot _h to be made4 ,9 mat*-%oot+ ) a re/ ! mo/ common plan 0 to lie ^u ! gr\nd1 face d[nw>d1 some:at 9 ! natural position ( a swimm]1 & put ! gun out 9 front1 its muzzle re/+ ^u a small log or block ( wood4 ,^! plans are /ill m or less 9 vogue 9 all regions :]e ! old-/yle ,k5tucky rifle rema9s 9 common use4 ,! mo/ popul> mod]n re/1 accord+ to ,b>b]1 is to h a b5* made ab\t ?ree & a half feet long & t5 in*es wide1 ) f\r /\t legs /&+ out at consid]able angle4 ,! height %\ld be ab\t level ) ! brea/ :5 sitt+ d[n4 ,at "o end place a /\t piece ( wood ab\t five or six in*es high1 crosswise1 ) not*es cut 9 x to lay ! b>rel 94 ,x %\ld be well cov]$ ) clo? or "s o!r s(t mat]ial1 & %\ld be securely fa/5$ to ! b5*4 ,! end ( ! b5* ne>e/ ! %oot] may be holl[$ out a little = ! brea/ to fit 94 ,?is is a re/ = t>get %oot+--x w\ld n be well suit$ = ! hunt] to c>ry ar\nd 9 ! woods ) him1 ( c\rse4 ,! same au?ority tells h[ to make a *eap] re/1 by ty+ ?ree mod]ately /\t /icks toge!r ne> ! top1 & !n ?r[+ out ! o!r ends ^u ! gr\nd aft] ! mann] ( ! feet ( a tripod4 ,place y\r coat 9 ! crot* =m$ at ! top to re/ y\r rifle ^u--t is all !re is ( x4 ,hav+ decid$ ^u ! k9d ( re/ to be us$1 ! "q ( re/-%oot+ is settl$1 z ev]y?+ else is p]=m$ ! same z 9 %oot+ (f-h&4 ,mo/ mod]n sportsm5 object to re/-%oot+ to su* an ext5t t no artificial re/ is admitt$ at _! t>get mat*es4 ,_! reasons = su* objections are t a re/ is an inconv5i5t arrangem5t t c\ld n be employ$ ei!r 9 w> or field-sports1 & h5ce1 p ought to le>n to %oot well )\t x4 ,& !y d1 b 9 _m in/ances !y %oot ) a re/ at la/1 mak+ "o ( !mselves by ly+ ^u ! gr\nd & %oot+ (f ! knee or "s o!r "p ( ! p]son1 or by sett+ ! elb[s ^u ! gr\nd s z to brace ) ! gun z p]man5tly z any artificial re/ c\ld possible be4 ,! me?ods employ$ by ! not$ m>ksm51 ,messrs4 ,fulton & ,bod9e1 7 ( ?is "*4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,%ot-,,gun4 ,born ,%oot]s4--,e man :o uses a gun at all w feel an ambition to use x skillfully1 & :5 he f9ds himself fall+ %ort ( 8 aspirations he w apply to 8 gunsmi? = in/ructions1 = ! gunsmi? is expect$ to set ! own] all "r z well z 8 gun4 ,!re w be "s diff]5ce 9 results to ! gunsmi?1 h[ev]1 = :5 ! gun gets out ( fix1 & ! gunsmi? repairs ! imp]fections1 ! own] expects to pay = s]vices r5d]$1 b n s ) ref]5ce to himself4 ,he w expect ! gunsmi? to sp5d an h\r or s 9 tell+ him h[ to %oot1 b x w n occur to him t "t is wor? ! same 9 doll>s & c5ts sp5d x z we may1 h5ce he w nev] ?9k ( t5d]+ ! slighte/ remun]ation = ! "t consum$ 9 giv+ him in/ructions4 ,we h (t5 ?\ght t a *apt] 9 "s book tell+ ab\t all !re is to tell ! novice on ! subject ( %oot+ w\ld be wor? a great deal to ! gunsmi?1 z he c\ld turn x ov] to 8 inquir+ cu/om]s & g on ab\t 8 "w1 leav+ !m to sift out f ! 8black & :ite0 ! in=mation desir$1 tak+ _! own "t = x1 & dige/+ ev]y?+ 9 accordance ) _! own notions4 ,& "r "h1 x may be rem>k$1 is a prop] place to put 9 j su* a *apt]1 :i* is done )\t fur!r preface4 ,"s popul> writ] has said t1 l ! poet1 ! fir/-class %ot ) a gun1 or ! 8dead %ot10 z he is (t5 call$1 mu/ be born su*--he _c be made4 ,good %oot+ is a f9e art1 & 9 none ( ! f9e arts c p]fection be acquir$ :]e !re does n exi/ a natural tal5t1 or natural capacity1 if ! t]m be bett]4 ,any man ) fair calculation & a reasonably good me*anical eye may1 by practice1 become a v passable %ot1 b )\t ?is peculi> natural requirem5t1 :i* no "o c cle>ly expla91 x w be impossible = him to ev] excel z an exp]t m>ksman4 ,x is n (t5 t a real born %ot is met )--!y are ab\t z sc>ce z true poets & true pa9t]s4 ,:5 "o does meet ) him "o soon kn[s him1 if !re is any %oot+ go+ on4 ,p]haps he is at 8 fir/ %oot+ mat*4 ,he does n "k himself z a 8%ooti/10 possibly4 ,curiosity alone1 x may be1 prompts him to try a %ot1 s he takes ! gun1 & :olly )\t /udy or previ\s exp]i5ce1 blazes away1 &1 to ! a/oni%m5t ( all pres5t1 %oots almo/ to p]fection4 ,x is 9 him z a gift4 ,"s peculi> balance 9 8 organization is ! cause ( x1 & x is folly to be envi\s ev5 9 ! lea/ degree4 ,nor is x wor? :ile to despair because su* a peculi> balance ( organization did n happ5 to fall to 8our0 lot4 ,if !re be a wi% to succe$1 a little pati5t /udy1 indu/ry & practice may soon br+ ! 8%ooti/0 up to ! av]age at lea/1 & t w leave no reasonable cause = compla9t4 ,h[ to ,%oot4--,?is "p ( ! subject ne$ n be br\ght d[n to ! simple op]ation ( m]ely dis*>g+ a gun1 = x is suppos$ t e p]son ) common s5se1 & old en\gh to h&le a gun w\ld "k h[ to dis*>ge x :5 load$4 ,:at is meant1 !n1 by 8h[ to %oot10 is h[ to %oot well1 & to enable any "o to d ?is1 "o ( ! mo/ important requisites lies 9 tak+ aim on ! object at :i* is expect$ to be %ot4 ,mo/ "y gunn]s close "o eye 9 ?is op]ation1 :i*1 accord+ to ! be/ au?orities1 is entirely wrong4 ,a man w le>n to take correct aim ) a %ot-gun mu* soon] by keep+ bo? eyes naturally op5 ?an he w by hold+ "o clos$4 ,once got 9 ! habit ( %oot+ ) a clos$ eye1 x w be f\nd a mo/ difficult habit to break up--! 8hid+ eye0 w 8close up0 j z ! f+] is be+ press$ ^u ! trigg]4 ,& ) t 8clos+ up0 is v apt to come a deviation ( ! gun f ! l9e ( correct aim4 ,"s ye>s ago ,mr4 ,d\gall1 9 8 8,%oot+ ,simplifi$10 advanc$ _m /rong argum5ts 9 favor ( %oot+ ) bo? eyes op51 bas+ !m ^u correct sci5ce4 ,he says ! p]son :o takes aim ) "o eye clos$ has robb$ himself ( half 8 vision4 ,! s+le op5 eye _c see ! :ole ( ! object at :i* x looks1 b only a "p1 or "o side ( x4 ,!n1 x requires ! use ( bo? eyes to see & calculate di/ance correctly4 ,"o eye may outl9e a ?+1 b x calls = ! employm5t ( two eyes to give x a p]fect p]spective4 ,:5 an object is ha/ily caught )9 ! range ( bo? eyes1 ! s5se ( vision is in/antly assur$ z to position ( ! object1 its di/ance f ! gun1 &1 if mov+1 ! rate ( spe$ at :i* x is go+4 ,by a m5tal op]ation ! bra9 is promptly impress$ ) all ?is1 giv+ confid5ce &1 consequ5tly1 calmness4 ,"h ! ma9 po9t favor+ success has be5 atta9$--calmness & a /rong belief t ! %ot is go+ to succe$4 ,! mom5t :5 ?is is felt is ! "o 9 :i* to press ^u ! trigg]4 ,x means t a correct sight is secur$1 :e!r !re be "t to ?9k ab\t x or n1 & h5ce an in/antane\s dis*>ge ( ! gun is almo/ sure to br+ d[n ! game4 ,s9ce beg9n+ to write ?is book "o ( ! au?ors int]view$ a wond]fully successful sportsman ) ref]5ce to 8 mode ( tak+ aim at birds on ! w+4 8,:y1 bless y\r s\l60 said he1 8,i nev] take aim at all4 ,i ?r[ my gun 9 range ( ! bird1 look at ! bird ) bo? eyes op51 & ! mom5t a feel+ comes ov] me t ,i %all kill ! bird if ,i %oot1 ,i pull ! trigg]1 & x's ab\t always my bird40 ,s x is4 ,b ?is exp]t is evid5tly mi/ak5 ) ref]5ce to tak+ aim3 he takes aim me*anically4 ,he ?9ks only ab\t kill+ ! bird1 )\t ?9k+ ab\t tak+ aim1 & 9 response to ! secur+ ( a p]fect aim comes ! feel+1 unexpla9$ 9 8 ?\ghts1 t if he %oots he %all kill ! bird4 ,x is simply a p[]ful conc5tration ( ?\ght1 :i* is always ( p>am\nt importance 9 %oot+4 ,a m9d scatt]+ ov] all creation at ! "t ( %oot+ is no m to be dep5d$ ^u = good results ?an a gun scatt]+ to all sides ( a t5-acre field4 ,!re mu/ be conc5tration 9 bo? cases4 ,a man _c buy goods1 gr[ crops1 swap horses1 make poetry1 edit a newspap] & kill birds on ! w+ ) unv>y+ success all at ! same in/ant4 ,brew/] on ! ,use ( ,two ,eyes4--,z ! novice :o has n devot$ mu* ?\ght to ! subject ( %oot+1 w be apt to feel "s surprise at ! idea ( ! use ( bo? eyes be+ recomm5d$ 9 tak+ aim1 ! lib]ty w be assum$ ( quot+ a p>agraph f ! writ+s ( ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 (f]+ x z evid5ce 9 sub/antiation ( ! =ego+ position4 ,9 8 able "w on ! ,/]eoscope he says3 8,:5 we look ) bo? eyes op5 at a sph]e1 or any o!r solid object1 we see x by unit+ into "o two pictures--"o z se5 by ! "r1 & ! o!r z se5 by ! left eye4 ,if we hold up a ?9 book p]p5dicul>ly1 & midway betwe5 bo? eyes1 we see di/9ctly ! back ( x & bo? sides ) ! eyes op54 ,:5 we %ut ! "r eye1 we see ) ! left eye ! back ( ! book & ! left side ( x2 & :5 we %ut ! left eye1 we see ) ! "r eye ! back ( x & ! "r side4 ,! picture ( ! book1 !re=e1 :i* we see ) bo? eyes1 consi/s ( two dissimil> pictures unit$1 namely1 a picture ( ! back & left side ( ! book z se5 by ! left eye1 & a picture ( ! back & "r side ( ! book z se5 by ! "r eye40 ,?is argues t ! sportsman :o closes "o eye at ! "t ( tak+ aim at an away-go+ bird1 really has a v imp]fect view ( x--b half a picture1 z x 7--h5ce ! aim c\ld n possibly be s p]fect z 9 case :]e ! picture 0 r5d]$ m di/9ct by ! use ( bo? eyes1 9 accordance ) ! cle> explanation ( ,sir ,david1 :o goes on to /ate3 8,b ?\gh we see ) "o eye ! direction 9 :i* any object or po9t ( an object is situat$1 we d n see its position or ! di/ance f ! eye at :i* x is plac$4 ,9 monocul> vision we le>n f exp]i5ce to e/imate all di/ances1 b p>ticul>ly great ones1 by v>i\s te/s1 :i* are call$ ! crit]ia ( di/ance1 b x is only ) bo? eyes t we c e/imate ) any?+ l accuracy ! di/ance ( objects n f> f u4 8,! mo/ important advantage :i* we d]ive f ! use ( two eyes is to enable u to see di/ance1 or a ?ird dim5sion 9 space4 ,t ?is vision is n ! result ( exp]i5ce z monocul> vision is1 is obvi\s f ! fact t di/ance is se5 z p]fectly by *ildr5 z by adults2 & x has be5 prov$ by naturali/s t animals newly-born appreciate di/ance ) ! greate/ correctness40 ,d\gall's ,reason+4--,mr4 ,d\gall says1 9 8 8,%oot+ ,simplifi$10 t 8,a ?or\gh good gun w knock ov] a h>e runn+ broadside1 ) f\r or five %ots at sev5ty y>ds di/ance1 b full elevation mu/ be tak51 & ! gun fir$ ) ! head well rais$ & ! eyes kept /eady on ! aim1 n tak+ sight along ! rib1 ) ! eye well d[n beh9d ! bree*1 z has be5 errone\sly recomm5d$4 8,di/ance requires elevation 9 proportion4 ,a rifle is fitt$ ) graduat$ sights to meet ?is1 b ! elevation ( ! rib ( a f[l+-piece is fix$ & immovable4 ,b by a simple law ( p]spective1 :5 y look at a h>e 7or any o!r object7 sev5ty y>ds away1 br++ me*anically ! sight to be> ^u x1 y h ! bree* ( ! gun l[] ?an if x 7 only =ty y>ds (f2 :]eas1 if y adopt ! "o-eye sy/em1 y fire at exactly ! same elevation at all di/ances4 ,x w\ld be z absurd to take a level aim along ! rib at sev5ty y>ds z x w\ld be to fire a rifle at a m>k at two hundr$ y>ds ) ! sight set = "o hundr$4 8,:ile ev]y?+ has be5 done to increase ! range ( ! f[l+-piece1 no?+ has be5 done to give ! elevation necess>y to take full advantage ( ! increase ( p[]4 ,z long z ! "o-eye sy/em ( %oot+ is adopt$1 ! object1 if hit at all1 w be /ruck only by outside weak pellets1 & n by ! effective c5tral %ot4 8,! prop] way is to ?r[ ! gun well up & into ! %\ld]2 ! sett+ (f ( ! /ock w !n br+ ! gun "r 9 front ( ! face2 &1 ! head be+ erect1 & bo? eyes fix$ int5tly on ! object1 ! l9e ( motion is comm&$1 & ! aim tak5 in/9ctively4 ,! c5tral pellets h ?us an all[ance giv5 !m to comp5sate = di/ance & ! motion ( ! object4 ,y look along ! imag9>y l9e1 high] at ! bree* accord+ to di/ance1 & at ?is elevation ! gun is fir$1 exactly z a rifle t>get-%oot] sets 8 bree* sights to a giv5 di/ance4 8,h[ does a man drive a nail8 ,c]ta9ly n by clos+ "o eye & look+ along ! hamm]2 b ) bo? eyes op51 he me*anically balances ! hamm] & /rikes in/9ctively1 nev]1 if accu/om$ to ! use ( ! tool1 miss+ 8 aim4 ,x is ! same 9 %oot+40 ,com+ directly to ! subject ( employ+ b9ocul> vision 9 tak+ aim to %oot1 ,mr4 ,d\gall quotes f a pap] 9 ,once-a-,week to ! effect t monocul> vision1 :ile mu* employ$ = ?is purpose1 _c at all be dep5d$ ^u4 ,to prove ?is position1 place ^u a table an empty small-m\!d vial1 & tak+ ano!r simil> vial full ( wat] 9 "o h&1 %ut an eye & approa* ! vial ^u ! table2 :5 app>5tly ne> en\gh1 /ret* out y\r arm quickly & endeavor to p\r ! wat] f ! full vial into ! o!r1 /ill keep+ ! eye clos$4 ,y w be v apt to f9d1 z ! wat] comes d[n1 t x is miss+ ! m\? ( ! empty vial on acc\nt ( a miscalculation1 due to monocul> vision4 ,n[ repeat ! op]ation ) bo? eyes op51 & if c>e is ex]cis$ success w be ! inv>iable result4 ,a simil> miscalculation w be %[n to ! p]son :o endeavors to approa* & snuff a c&le ) "o eye %ut4 ,mr4 ,d\gall ?9ks !re c be no reasonable "q z to ! advantages ( le>n+ to use ! %ot-gun ) bo? eyes op54 ,?is has be5 prov5 "t & aga9 by ! mo/ rigid te/s4 ,x is ev5 a settl$ fact t ! ne>] ! eyes ( an individual set toge!r 9 ! head ! less he is likely to %oot well4 8,& yet10 says ,mr4 ,d\gall1 8h[ /range x is to f9d sportsm5 :o w\ld /ill fur!r n>r[ ?is f9e provision ( nature into ! diamet] ( "o ret9a only4 ,?r[+ ! f[l+-piece into a l9e ) ! object ( aim by an in/9ctive ef=t1 keep+ bo? eyes firmly fix$ on & foll[+ ! flight ( ! object1 is ! fir/ great pr9ciple 9 %oot+ well40 ,gloan on ,tak+ ,aim4--,! clev] au?or ( a neat little book entitl$ 8,! ,bree*-,load]s10 tells u t :5 ! %ot leave ! gun ! p[d] :i* propels ! pellets has />t$ !m ) suffici5t =ce to keep !m up = a %ort "t aga9/ all natural resi/ances act+ ^u !m1 b f9ally gravitation1 :i* is pull+ ^u !m all ! "t1 beg9s to tell1 & c>ry !m d[nw>d f ! l9e ^u :i* !y set out4 8,! %ot h a j\rney to p]=m aft] !y leave ! gun1 & be=e !y rea* ! bird4 ,x may be a long j\rney or a %ort j\rney1 accord+ to ! di/ance ( ! bird2 b /ill x is a j\rney1 & x takes "s "t to d x 94 ,:ile ! %ot are travel+ on _! way1 ! bird is fly+ on 8 way4 ,if ! bird is fly+ across ! %oot]1 & ! aim is at ! bird1 naturally1 by ! "t ! %ot get to ! po9t ( aim1 ! bird has gone on beyond x1 & is unt\*$ by ! %ot4 ,& if ! di/ance is great1 gravitation has affect$ ! %ot & pull$ !m d[n bel[ ! po9t ( aim4 ,possibly1 too1 ! w9d is /rong1 & has bl[n !m a little to "o side4 ,s t1 assum+ t a sportsman aims /eadily & exactly at a cross-fly+ bird1 sixty y>ds di/ant1 go+ a mile a m9ute1 ! gun mak+ a patt]n good en\gh to kill1 :at results8 8,:5 ! %ot arrive at _! po9t ( de/9ation !y are f eight to t5 feet beh9d ! po9t to :i* ! bird has fl[n2 & !y are f t5 to twelve in*es bel[ ! l9e ^u :i* ! bird 0 fly+4 ,if ! w9d is high !y are bl[n aside1 ev5 on ! l[] l9e1 & ! o!r pellets become h>mless if !y hit4 ,! bird escapes1 z a matt] ( surprise to ! "y sportsman1 :o is confid5t t he #8cov]$ x exactly4' 8,he did cov] x1 lit]ally1 & exactly1 & t 0 ! cause ( ! miss4 ,if he _h aim$ ! l5g? ( a f5ce rail ahead ( ! bird & half ! l5g? above x1 he w\ld probably h br\ght x d[n4 ,z ! %ot 01 h[ev]1 ! bird 0 sure to be lo/4 8,an old %ot w %9e on range & all[ance4 ,8 eye w measure di/ance z ?\gh ) a tape-l9e4 ,he w e/imate velocity z ) a regi/]+ in/rum5t4 ,he makes 8 *eek an index ( ! w9d1 & be=e 8 gun is at 8 %\ld] he has decid$ ) unfail+ skill :]e ! aim mu/ be1 & !re he plants ! load4 ,if ! bird does n fall x is ! gun's fault1 n 84 8,by ! b9ocul> vision ^! difficulties1 :i* are s try+ to ! novice1 are ! m readily ov]come4 ,! eyes take 9 ! flight ( ! bird1 & convey ! rate ( spe$ at :i* x flies4 ,! full di/ance ( ! :ole p]spective ( ! l&scape is made palpable to ! s5se1 & ! f+] responds to ! call1 :i* is made all ! m quickly & all ! m truly because ( ! c]ta9ty :i* ! eyes imp>t40 ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,pi/ol4 ,natural ,tal5t4--,! numb] ( p]sons :o are really good %ots ) ! pi/ol is small] ?an "o w\ld be apt to suppose aft] consid]+ h[ _m weapons ( ?is k9d are 9 e-day use4 ,!y are almo/ z common z pocket-knives1 & "s ( !m are capable ( %oot+ reasonably well at consid]able l5g? ( range1 & yet n an av]age ( "o man 9 five hundr$1 :o owns a pi/ol1 c\ld be f\nd1 p]haps1 :o c\ld put fifty p] c5t4 ( 8 bullets ?r\gh a hat set up = a t>get t5 paces away4 ,! fact is1 ! pi/ol1 :ile capable en\gh1 if well made1 is ! mo/ difficult ( all our fire-arms to manage1 s f> z relates to good p]=mances4 ,!re are m5 :o c take a good revolv] & %oot a *ick5's head (f e "t1 t5 or fifte5 paces1 b ( su* m5 !re are n v _m4 ,& none ( !m h ev] communicat$ h[ !y happ5$ to become su* f9e %ots ) ! pi/ol4 ,9 "s cases !y _h practic$ a good deal1 b n m ?an _h hundr$s :o 7 b comp>atively poor p]=m]s4 ,to come squ>ely d[n to ! po9t at once1 ! peculi>ity :i* made !m good %ots ) ! pi/ol 0 a 8born-gift10 z 9 ! case ( ! be/ %ots ) ! %ot gun4 ,any man :o practices ) ! pi/ol1 9 accordance ) ! e/abli%$ rules gov]n+ its use = be/ results1 may soon become a fair %ot1 b x calls = m ?an m]e practice to make him an excell5t %ot4 ,tak+ ,aim4--,! be/ %ots d n take aim by sight+ along ! b>rel ( ! pi/ol1 hold+ x out at arm's l5g? aft] ! mann] ( ! wood5 figure /&+ 9 front ( ! city %oot+-gall]y4 ,!y d n close "o eye & turn sideways to ! object ( aim l ! ideal dueli/1 b !y hold out ! pi/ol1 look at ! object 7n ! pi/ol71 ) bo? eyes op51 & blaze away1 usually putt+ ! bullet ab\t :]e !y want x to g4 ,!re is really no aim-tak+ 9 ! case1 any m ?an !re is 9 ! case ( a boy play+ at m>bles4 ,inde$1 %oot+ a pi/ol to ! be/ advantage is v mu* on ! same pr9ciple z %oot+ a m>ble4 ,! boy takes ! m>ble prop]ly betwe5 8 ?umb & fir/ f+]1 holds out 8 h& 9 ! direction ( ! m>ble to be %ot at1 b consid]ably bel[ 8 l9e ( vision1 looks at ! object-m>ble ) bo? eyes op5 & 8flips0 9 ob$i5ce to ! prompt+s ( a k9d ( unconsci\s calculation z to di/ance1 =ce at comm&1 effect ( gravitation1 & s on4 ,! m>ble 8flipp$0 curves out on its way1 &1 if %ot f ! h& ( a skillful play]1 /rikes its m>k ) a/oni%+ c]ta9ty4 ,j s ) ! bullet s5t f ! pi/ol2 "u ! managem5t ( a skillful p]=m] x goes 9 ob$i5ce to an unconsci\s calculation1 & n 9 ob$i5ce to ! squ9t+ ( "o eye along ! b>rel4 ,sight-tak+ won't d 9 ei!r case2 ! good m>ble play] w\ld be a hopeless failure if he held up 8 arm to 8 l9e ( vision & took sight e "t he w5t to 8%oot0--! pi/ol-%oot] :o p]=ms ^u ! same plan is inv>iably a m>ksman ( /]l+ unc]ta9ty1 to say ! lea/4 ,cane ,aim+4--,"s p are s defici5t 9 ! species ( calculation necess>y to successful pi/ol-%oot+1 on ! plan sugge/$ 9 ! =ego+1 t !y _c d mu* at x4 ,su* z ^! h "s excuse = tak+ sight1 b hold+ ! pi/ol out at arm's l5g? & sight+ along ! b>rel or ?r\gh its 8sights0 r>ely gives !m m ?an v little c]ta9ty4 ,! be/ me?od ( actually tak+ sight ) a pi/ol is p]=m$ 9 connection ) a rod "s ?ree feet long--usually ) a walk+ cane4 ,grasp ! grip ( ! pi/ol 9 ! "r h&1 9 ! usual way1 & take ! cane 9 ! left h&4 ,br+ ! h&le ( ! cane up aga9/ ! %\ld] l ! bree* ( a gun1 pass ! pi/ol d[n along ! side ( x till ! b>rel rea*es ! left h&1 & bo? h&s are 9 easy position4 ,hold ! cane betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ f+] ( ! left h&1 lett+ !m pass beyond x & grip ! b>rel ( ! pi/ol betwe5 ! end ( ! ?umb & ! turn$-up end ( ! f+]4 ,let ! ?umb & fir/ f+] ( ! "r h& also grip ! cane beyond ! 8grip0 ( ! pi/ol4 ,! aim ( ! pi/ol %\ld range a little to ! "r ( ! direction po9t$ by ! cane1 :i* x w v naturally d4 ,?is plan /eadies ! pi/ol & af=ds z f9e an opportunity ( tak+ p]fect sight z "o c\ld h ) a rifle4 ,a little practice ) x1 to enable "o to arrive at a c]ta9 conclusion z to ! rise or fall ( ! bullet1 w soon pave ! way = pretty fair %oot+4 ,a k9d ( clasp ) :i* to fa/5 ! pi/ol to ! cane is n[ on ! m>ket1 & may be made to "w v well1 ?\gh "s w\ld always pref] hold+ ! pi/ol ) ! h&s1 9 ! mann] j describ$4 ,! ,be/ ,pi/ols to ,use4--,x is n advisable to say a recomm5datory ^w ab\t any p>ticul> make--h[ c\ld x be done1 "u ! above head+1 :5 !re are tw5ty or ?irty really good pi/ols n[ be=e ! public "u ! br& ( ! same numb] ( diff]5t manufactur]s8 ,! be/ pi/ol = any p]son to use is any good pi/ol t ?is p]son happ5s to l1 & no o!r k9d4 ,all pi/ols d n %oot alike1 &1 h5ce1 :5 any "o has practic$ ) a c]ta9 k9d until accu/om$ to its peculi>ities !y _h bett] /ick to x1 z a *ange w\ld be apt to ?r[ at lea/ "s d]angem5t 9 ! %oot+ calculations1 putt+ !m "u ! necessity ( a repeat$ practice4 ,all ! be/ %ots inv>iably /ick to "s p>ticul> make ( pi/ol1 & usually to "s p>ticul> size4 ,9 mak+ *oice ( a size x is be/ to be gov]n$ by ! "* ( "w ! pi/ol is desir$ to p]=m4 ,! l>ge pi/ols %oot /rong]1 &1 z a g5]al rule1 ) great] accuracy ?an ! small ones2 /ill1 comp>atively small pi/ols are sometimes kn[n to %oot reasonably well4 ,!y are int5d$ only = %ort range h[ev]1 & h5ce mu/ n be dep5d$ ^u :5 a good p]=mance ( long-range pi/ol %oot+ is desir$4 ,! l>ge pi/ol has _m advantages ov] ! small "o1 :ile ! latt] c claim b two ov] ! =m]4 ,^! two consi/ 9 its lightness1 fitt+ x to figure z a pocket pi/ol1 & 9 ! less] co/ ( its ammunition4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,,vocabul>y ,,( ,,me*anical ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,by ,,gun-,,mak]s4 ,action4--,! iron b$ atta*$ to ! /ock ( a bree*-load+ gun1 into ! recess ( :i* ! lump desc5ds & is secur$4 ,! t]m is us$ g5]ally z 8side action10 8snap action10 etc4 ,! ^w is also us$ to indicate ! diff]5t =m ( gun locks1 z back-action1 b>-action1 front-action1 etc4 ,anneal4--,to r5d] m s(t1 z 9 ! case ( iron & o!r metals4 ,auxili>y ,rifle4--,a rifle-b>rel "s tw5ty in*es 9 l5g?1 & s arrang$ t1 l a c>tridge1 x may be slipp$ )9 ! b>rel ( a bree* load+ %ot-gun1 ?us at once conv]t+ ! %ot-gun into a rifle4 ,! rifle-b>rel1 *>g$ ) its c>tridge1 may be plac$ 9 ! %ot-gun 9 a mom5t & at pleasure4 ,back-action ,lock4--,a lock t is locat$ entirely back ( ! b>rel1 be+ b$d$ 9 ! /ock alone4 ,b>-action ,lock4--,:5 ! lock is b$d$ p>tly back ( ! b>rel & p>tly along side ( x4 ,b>rel4--,! iron or /eel tube ( ! gun ?r\gh :i* ! *>ge passes 9 ! act ( fir+4 ,b>rel-loop4--,a metallic loop "u ! b>rel1 ?r\gh :i* a small bolt passes to hold ! b>rel into ! /ock4 ,b5ts4--,! not*es 9 ! tumbl] ( a gun-lock4 ,black-,walnut4--,a tree1 native to ,nor? ,am]ica1 ^: wood is ext5sively us$ 9 ! manufacture ( f9e gun /ocks2 ! ,juglans nigra ( botani/s4 ,b9ocul> ,vision4--,see+ ) two eyes4 ,bolt4--,! "p :i*1 9 a bree*-load]1 passes into ! lump ( ! b>rel & holds x into ! action :5 ! gun is clos$4 ,bore4--,! int]ior ( ! b>rel along :i* ! *>ge passes4 ,bores are made ( ! foll[+ =ms3 ,true cyl9d]s2 cyl9d]s enl>g$ at ! bree*2 cyl9d]s enl>g$ or fre$ at ! muzzle2 tap]$ to n>r[ at ! muzzle2 n>r[$ to close at ! muzzle2 cyl9drical1 ) r+ cut out ne> muzzle2 n>r[+ ! muzzle ) dep? cut out1 modifi$1 etc4 ,bores are also made elliptical1 hexagonal1 polygonal1 etc4 ,braz+4--,sold]+ iron ) brass or copp] z a sold]4 ,bree*4--,9 e>li] days all t portion ( ! gun back ( ! lock 0 consid]$ ! bree*1 b n[ a gun is reg>d$ z hav+ two bree*es3 ! bree* ( ! b>rel1 ! place :]e ! c>tridge is ins]t$1 z 9 ! case ( ! bree*-load]s1 & ! bree* ( ! /ock1 be+ t "p :i* comes aga9/ ! %\ld]4 ,bree*-bolt4--,a small iron b> us$ 9 "s make ( guns to assi/ 9 hold+ ! b>rel secure to ! action4 ,bridle4--,t piece 9 ! lock connect$ ) ! tumbl] z a k9d ( cap4 ,br[n+4--,a ru/ produc$ on ! surface ( gun-b>rels by means ( acids4 ,bump4--,! corn] ( ! /ock at ! top ( ! heel-plate4 ,burni%]4--,a piece ( smoo? & h>d5$ /eel us$ 9 poli%+ ! surface ( metals4 ,calibre4--,! diametrical measurem5t ( ! bore ( a gun b>rel4 ,bree* load]s are made ( #aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #af & #bj calibre4 ,muzzle load] ( e v>iety ( measurem5t4 ,cap4--,! metal cov]+ plac$ on ! end ( a pi/ol h&le4 ,also ! small cup-l contrivance put on ! nipple ^u :i* ! hamm] /rikes to fire ! gun4 ,c>b9e4--,a %ort =m ( rifle2 s made to be easily c>ri$ by p]sons :o us$ !m m\nt$ on horses4 ,c>tridges4--,! ammunition = a gun1 conta9$ 9 metal or pap] cases4 ,!y are siz$ to regul> numb]s1 z gauge #aj or #ab1 etc41 & are ( two k9ds1 c5tral-fire & rim-fire4 ,case-h>d5+4--,a h>d5$1 /eel-l ext]ior giv5 to iron by heat+ x 9 connection ) animal *>coal1 & !n plung+ :ile hot 9 cold wat]4 ,c5tral-fire4--,sett+ (f ! c>tridge by /rik+ x 9 ! c5tre1 :]e ! fulm9ate is plac$4 ,*amb]4--,! enl>g$ space 9 ! bree* ( ! b>rel :]e9 ! c>tridge is plac$1 or :]e ! *>ge re/s 9 ! case ( a muzzle-load]4 ,! bores int5d$ to receive ! *>ge 9 ! cyl9d] ( a revolv]4 ,9 load+ a gun ) co>se %ot1 if !y re/ 9 ! b>rel side by side 9 regul> lay]s or /rata1 we say !y *amb]2 b if !y are a little too l>ge = ?is1 s t "s ( ! %ots mu/ lie above ! common level = want ( space betwe5 o!r %ots & ! side ( ! bore to admit ( _! go+ d[n1 we say ! gun w n *amb] %ot ( t p>ticul> size4 ,a gun is n suppos$ to %oot %ot to p]fection :i* %e _c *amb]4 ,*>g]4--,a small measure employ$ = measur+ p[d] 9 load+ a gun or c>tridge-%ell4 ,*equ]-"w4--,! *equ]$ c>v+ z made on ! /ock ( a gun4 ,*]ry-m\ld4--,a small sph]ical cutt+-tool1 us$ = enl>g+ ! int]ior ( bullet m\lds4 ,x may be b\ght ( h\ses deal+ 9 gunsmi?'s mat]ials1 or x may be made by dress+ a piece ( s(t /eel d[n to prop] %ape1 cutt+ file-tee? ^u x & !n h>d5+ 9 ! usual way4 ,to use ! *]ry1 close ! m\ld ^u x & !n turn x r\nd & r\nd until ! int]ior ( ! m\ld is cut out to ! requir$ size & %ape4 ,*]ry ,tree4--,a ,nor? ,am]ican tree1 gr[+ to ab\t m$ium size & furni%+ a h>d1 r$di% & mo/ beautiful wood1 highly priz$ = f9e gun /ocks4 ,x is n[ gett+ to be q sc>ce4 ,botanical "n1 ,c]asus s]ot9a4 ,*oke-bore4--,a gun-bore slightly l>g] at ! bree* ?an at ! muzzle4 ,*oke-dress+4--,dress+ out ! bore ( a gun s z to make x slightly l>g] at ! bree* ?an at ! muzzle4 ,clamp1 ,ma9spr+4--,a ma9spr+ clamp is a k9d ( vise us$ by gunsmi?s = clamp+ ! ma9spr+ prep>atory to tak+ x f ! lock4 ,cock4--,9 fl9t-lock guns1 t "p ( ! lock :i* holds ! fl9t4 ,! "n is also (t5 appli$ to ! hamm] ( p]cussion & o!r locks ( m mod]n make4 ,:5 ! hamm] has be5 pull$ back to its la/ cat*1 we say ! gun is cock$1 or at full-cock2 :5 pull$ back to ! cat* next prec$+ ! la/1 we say ! gun is half-cock$1 or at half-cock4 ,comb4--,t portion ( ! /ock ^u :i* ! *eek re/s at ! "t ( fir+4 ,cone4--,see ,nipple4 ,c\nt]s9k4--,! recess 9 ! *amb] 9 :i* ! rim ( ! c>tridge fits4 ,cross-,fire4--,we say a rifle 8crosses fire0 :5 x plays ! balls on ! same level )\t v>y+ upw>d or d[nw>d4 ,curl$ ,maple4--,?is is n a species ( gr[?1 b an unexpla9$ condition to be met ) 9 ! wood ( ! maple1 mo/ commonly 9 t ( ! sug> or h>d maple 7! ,ac] sac*>9um ( botani/s71 ?\gh occasionally 9 ,ac] rubrum1 or r$ maple4 ,! gra9 ( ! wood lies 9 regul> waves1 pres5t+ a mo/ beautiful appe>ance :5 nicely dress$ up4 ,x is v popul> = f9e gun /ocks4 ,cyl9d]4--,t "p ( a revolv] 9 :i* ! *>ges are plac$4 ,9 ! old] make ( p]cussion lock guns a %ort plug screw$ into ! side ( ! b>rel at ! bree*1 9 :i* 0 plac$ ! cap-tube or nipple1 & ?r\gh :i* ! fire f ! cap 0 communicat$ to ! *>ge4 ,damascus4--,! v>iegat$ appe>ance on gun b>rels1 produc$ by weld+ toge!r metals dissimil>1 z /eel & iron1 & !n1 :ile heat$1 twi/+ ^! metals into v>i\s tortu\s =ms & re-weld+4 ,! colors ( ! dissimil> metals are br\ght out by br[n+ mixtures4 ,direct ,fire4--,t arrangem5t 9 a bree*-load] by :i* ! plung] lies & /rikes ! ignition horizontally4 ,dog4--,t "p ( ! gun-lock act$ ^u by ! trigg] to release ! tight5$ ma9spr+ & set ! hamm] 9 motion4 ,e>li] gunsmi?s call$ x by ?is "n1 b x is n[ usually call$ ! se>4 ,d\ble ,trigg]s4--,(t5 call$ set-trigg]s4 ,a pair ( trigg]s arrang$ to a rifle1 occasionally1 to admit ( sett+ x (f ) b slight pressure4 ,! trigg]s are locat$ "o 9 advance ( ! o!r "u ! gu>d4 ,to op]ate pull ^u ! re> "o until x 8clicks0 & is 8set10 aft] :i* cock ! gun4 ,! slighte/ pressure ^u ! front trigg] spr+s ! 8set10 :i* acts sudd5ly ^u ! se>1 releas+ ! ma9spr+4 ,drop4--,di/ance measur$ f ! top ( ! butt ( a gun /ock to a l9e drawn re>-w>d f ! top ( ! b>rels1 usually f #b to #c in*es4 ,elevat$ ,rib4--,! rais$ rib on top ( & betwe5 ! b>rels ( a %ot gun4 ,escut*eons4--,pieces ( metal1 ?r\gh :i* ! bolt to hold ! b>rel to ! /ock1 is pass$4 ,extractor4--,an automatic work+ rod 9 c5tral fire guns1 by :i* ! empty c>tridge is p>tly )drawn f ! *amb]4 ,false ,bree*4--,a piece ( iron p]man5tly screw$ to ! /ock to fit squ>ely aga9/ ! bree* ( ! b>rel4 ,9 ! mod]n muzzle-load] ! b>rel is secur$ aga9/ x by hooks4 ,x is also call$ a pat5t bree*1 also a /&+ bree*4 ,fa/5+s4--,me*anism = hold+ ! b>rel ( bree*-load]s securely to ! frame or action :5 ! b>rel is 9 position = fir+4 ,fla%4--,9 ! days ( ! old fl9t-lock a gun 0 said to 8fla%0 :5 ! prim+ ignit$ 9 ! pan b fail$ to fire ! *>ge4 ,flux4--,a sub/ance or mixture us$ to facilitate ! melt+ ( metals or m9]als1 z glass1 borax1 & ! l4 ,=e ,piece4--,t portion ( ! /ock ly+ "u ! b>rel1 =w>d ( ! lock1 call$ also =e-end & =e-arm4 ,=e ,sight4--,! sight locat$ ne>e/ ! muzzle end ( ! b>rel4 ,=ge4--,a furnace ) its accompanim5ts :]e iron or o!r metals are wr\ght by heat+ & hamm]+4 ,:5 a piece ( metal is hamm]$ into "s requir$ %ape1 ! op]ation is t]m$ 8to =ge x40 ,f[l+ ,piece4--,a smoo? bor$ gun1 us$ = hunt+ small game1 %oot+ %ot or small pellets4 ,free+4--,slightly enl>g+ ! bore ( a gun at ! muzzle4 ,frizz54--,9 ! old fl9t-lock ! /eel plate t cov]s ! pan & /ood up 9 front ( ! fl9t1 aga9/ :i* ! fl9t /ruck to produce fire to ignite ! prim+4 ,grip4--,a "n usually appli$ to ! r\nd "p ( a gun /ock j back ( ! locks4 ,x is also appli$ to ! h&le ( a pi/ol4 ,gu>d4--,! piece ( metal :i* curves ar\nd ! trigg]s & protects !m4 ,half ,/ock4--,a gun /ock t does n ext5d ! full l5g? ( ! b>rel4 ,hamm]4--,t "p ( ! gun-lock t /rikes ! plung] or cap1 or o!r =m ( ignition4 ,see cock4 ,hamm]-,gun4--,a gun ^: lock works ) a hamm]4 ,hamm]less ,gun4--,a gun ^: arrangem5ts = sett+ (f ! ignition are conta9$ inside ! bree* me*anism1 & n visible :5 ! arm is ready = use4 ,h&le4--,see grip4 ,hazel ,nut4--,a small %rub gr[+ abundantly 9 _m portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,corylus ( botani/s1 divid$ into two species1 ,am]icana & ,ro/rata4 ,head4--,9 a gun /ock1 ! "p :]e ! bree* end ( ! b>rel re/s aga9/4 ,heel ,plate4--,! metal piece t]m9at+ ! bree* end ( a gun /ock4 ,h9d ,sight4--,! sight ^u ! b>rel1 ne>e/ ! bree*4 ,h+e ,p94--,a p9 fix$ 9 ! action on :i* ! b>rel plays4 ,ignition4--,any *emical comb9ation :i* c be caus$ to explode & fire ! *>ge1 z 9 a cap or c>tridge1 = in/ance4 ,k5tucky ,rifle4--,a =m ( rifle1 once v popul> ) ,we/]n hunt]s1 & n[ us$ to "s ext5t4 ,x is muzzle load+1 & ! great l5g? ( ! b>rel 0 "o great peculi>ity4 ,kick4--,:5 a gun reb\nds at fir+ ! t]m is us$ 8x kicks40 ,l& ,space4--,! space 9 ! bore ( a rifle betwe5 ! grooves4 ,lev]4--,! b> or rod ! work+ ( :i* locks or unlocks ! action ( a bree*-load]1 enabl+ ! op]ator to op5 or close ! gun4 ,z top-lev]1 side-lev]1 "u-lev]1 etc4 ,lock ,plate4--,! flat plate to ! inside ( :i* all ! o!r p>ts ( ! gun-lock are secur$4 ,loop4--,! projection "u ! b>rel to :i* ! =e end is fa/5$4 ,see b>rel loop4 ,!y are ( two k9ds1 wire & bolt loop4 ,long ,fire4--,:5 a noticeable space ( "t int]v5es betwe5 ! /rik+ ( ! hamm] & ! explosion ( ! *>ge1 h5ce ! t]m1 ! gun has made 8long-fire40 ,l[] ,rib4--,! rib und]nea? & betwe5 ! b>rels ( a %ot gun4 ,lump4--,! iron piece sold]$ to ! b>rel ( a bree*-load]1 :i* desc5ds into ! action & is !re secur$ prep>atory to fir+4 ,magaz9e ,rifle4--,a rifle provid$ ) an int]ior magaz9e = conta9+ c>tridges1 & s made t !y are pass$ automatically into a *amb] ready = fir+4 ,ma9spr+4--,! l>ge spr+ 9 ! gun-lock :i* imp>ts action & p[] to ! hamm]4 ,monocul> ,vision4--,see+ ) only "o eye4 ,:5 "o eye is clos$1 z "s d 9 tak+ sight ) a gun1 x is a case ( monocul> vision4 ,m\ld4--,an implem5t = m\ld+ bullets4 ,! plural =m is g5]ally giv5 to x1 z bullet m\lds4 ,musket4--,a =m ( gun1 smoo? bor$ & =m]ly us$ = milit>y purposes4 ,:5 grooves are cut 9 ! int]ior ( ! b>rel1 x is call$ a rifle4 ,nipple4--,9 a p]cussion-lock gun1 ! tube ^u :i* ! cap is plac$4 ,9 ! c5tral-fire bree*-load]1 ! tube ?r\gh ! /&+ bree* 9 :i* ! /rik] or plung] works4 ,nipple ,wr5*4--,an implem5t us$ = screw+ ! nipples into position or out4 ,x is (t5 call$ a tube-wr5*4 ,oblique ,fire4--,indicates t ! plung]s ( a bree*-load] lie & /rike ! ignition obliquely4 ,pan4--,a small pan-l outside on ! fl9t-lock1 :i* holds ! prim+1 & 9 :i* ! latt] is ignit$ by a sp>k f ! fl9t /rik+ ! frizz54 ,pat5t ,bree*4--,see false bree*4 ,pepp] ,box ,pi/ol4--,"o =m ( revolv] pi/ol1 9 :i* ! b>rels are made full l5g? f "o piece ( metal4 ,! rotation ( ! b>rels & ! action ( ! lock to fire ! arm 0 produc$ by pull+ ! trigg]4 ,pick]4--,a small wire implem5t hung to ! %ot-p\* ( ! hunt] 9 ! days ( ! old fl9t-lock1 & us$ :5 occasion requir$ = pick+ prim+ into ! t\*-hole ( ! gun4 ,pipes4--,%ort tubes atta*$ to a b>rel or to a rib atta*$ to ! b>rel to receive ! ramrod & hold x 9 place4 ,pi/ol4--,a small v>iety ( fire-arm1 s made z to be easily c>ri$ 9 ! pocket or a hol/]1 & readily manipulat$ & fir$ ) "o h&4 ,pi/ol ,grip4--,a gun /ock ^: grip incl9es to turn d[n l ! h&le ( a pi/ol1 is said to h a pi/ol grip4 ,play4--,a rifle :i* does n %oot ) regul>ity is said to play its balls4 ,plung]s4--,! p9s :i* are /ruck by ! hamm]s1 9 bree*-load]s1 & :i* 9 turn /rike & explode ! ignition4 ,p[d] ,b$4--,! *amb]1 9 a muzzle-load]1 :]e ! p[d] lies :5 ! gun is *>g$4 ,prim+4--,! p[d] 9 ! pan ( a fl9t-lock gun4 ,pro( ,m>ks4--,impressions ( /amps made 9 gun b>rels to indicate t !y h be5 prov$4 ,prov+4--,fir+ gun b>rels ) v heavy *>ges ( p[d] & balls to asc]ta9 if !y are ( prop] /r5g?4 ,ramrod4--,a rod ) :i* ! tightly fitt+ portions ( ! *>ge are pu%$ home 9 load+ a muzzle-load]4 ,reb\nd+ ,lock4--,a lock :i* has ! top ( ! ma9spr+ & crank ( ! tumbl] l5g!n$ to su* an ext5t t :5 ! trigg] is pull$ ! hamm] deliv]s its bl[ & imm$iately reb\nds to ! half-cock4 ,rib4--,! metallic /rip ly+ betwe5 & connect+ ! b>rels ( a %ot-gun4 ,see l[] rib & upp] rib4 ,rifle4--,a gun hav+ grooves cut p>allel ) ea* o!r along ! int]ior ( ! b>rel4 ,!y usually take a m or less spiral c\rse = ! purpose ( imp>t+ to ! bullet ?r[n a :irl+ or twi/+ motion on its flight ?r\gh ! air4 ,! grooves ?us cut are sometimes call$ rifles4 ,rifle4--,a gun ) grooves cut 9 a twi/$ or spiral-l mann] on ! int]ior ( ! b>rel1 = ! purpose ( giv+ ! projectile a rot>y motion on its axis dur+ its flight4 ,! design be+ to give great] accuracy to ! c\rse ( ! bullet4 ,rifle ,cane4--,a metallic walk+ /aff1 :i* is virtually a rifle1 capable ( %oot+ ) mu* =ce4 ,! lock works int]nally1 & ev]y?+ is s arrang$ z to pretty effectually conceal ! true "* ( ! arm1 x1 at a casual glance1 pres5t+ only ! appe>ance ( a neat walk+-/ick4 ,rifle ,guide4--,an implem5t us$ by ! gunsmi? to guide ! c\rse ( 8 rifle-saws 9 cutt+ grooves 9 ! bore ( a b>rel4 ,rifle-,saws4--,%ort files made to fit 9 ! grooves ( a rifle4 ,!y are usually atta*$ to a rod1 ne> ! end1 & drawn to & fro ?r\gh ! gun = ! purpose ( fil+ ! grooves d[n to great] dep?1 :]e su* a ?+ is requir$4 ,9 cases :]e new grooves are to be cut 9 a smoo?-bore1 ! rod passes ?r\gh a rifle-guide1 :i* =ces ! saws to take ! prop] twi/ ?r\gh ! b>rel4 ,rim-,fire4--,a c>tridge ^: ignition is ar\nd ! rim in/ead ( 9 ! c5tre1 & :i*1 consequ5tly1 c be us$ only by "s arm /rik+ ! c>tridge at ! rim4 ,r\ge4--,a f9e p[d]y mat]ial1 us$ = putt+ a high poli% ^u ! surface ( well-f9i%$ metals4 ,x is usually appli$ by rubb+ 9 connection ) s(t lea!r1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( a buff or o!rwise4 ,saturat$ ,solution4--,a liquid hold+ 9 solution z mu* ( "s p>ticul> soluble *emical z x w dissolve4 ,= in/ance1 if salt be put 9 wat] until a portion rema9s undissolv$ at ! bottom ( ! vessel1 !re is 9 ! liquid a saturat$ solution because x holds 9 susp5sion all ! salt t x c dissolve4 ,scatt]4--,:5 a %ot gun ?r[s ! pellets ov] a range ( space unusually wide1 x is said t x scatt]s4 ,scroll ,gu>d4--,an ext5sion d[nw>d f ! trigg] gu>d1 to /eady ! h&4 ,x is design$ to answ] ! same z pi/ol grip4 ,se>4--,sometimes call$ dog1 :i* see4 ,se>-,spr+4--,! small spr+ 9 a gun-lock :i* presses ! se> into ! not*es ( ! tumbl]4 ,set-,trigg]s4--,see d\ble-trigg]s4 ,side-,lev]4--,a lev] :i* works at ! side ( a bree*-load]4 ,side-,screw4--,! long screw hold+ ! lock to ! /ock4 ,slack-,tub4--,a vessel conta9+ cold wat]1 to be us$ 9 sudd5ly cool+ hot metals1 z 9 h>d5+ /eel1 = in/ance4 ,smoo? ,bore4--,a gun = ?r[+ s+le bullets1 made on ! plan ( a rifle1 b hav+ no grooves 9 ! bore4 ,x is sometimes call$ a 8smoo?-bore rifle40 ,/&+ ,bree*4--,see false bree*4 ,/eady-p94--,! small projection on ! ma9spr+ :i* fits into ! lock-plate4 ,/rap4--,! metal /rip 9 a bree*-load] :i* runs f ! bree*-works d[n ! /ock1 9 place ( ! tail1 or ! old fa%ion$ bree*-p94 ,/rik]s4--,see plung]s4 ,sug> ,maple4--,a tree indig5\s to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^: wood is ext5sively us$ 9 ! manufacture ( gun-/ocks4 ,see curl$ maple4 ,swivel4--,! small piece 9 a lock connect+ ! tumbl] & ! ma9spr+4 ,te>4--,:5 a bullet makes a hole l>g] ?an its own diamet]1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! fle% ( an animal1 ! gun f :i* x 0 %ot is said to te>4 ,t5ons4--,iron projections on ! lump ( a bree*-load]1 to fit into correspond+ spaces 9 ! action4 ,?imbles4--,! metallic loops on ! "u side ( a muzzle-load]1 made to hold ! ramrod :5 n 9 use4 ,toe4--,! extremity ( ! bree* :i* re/s ne>e/ ! armpit :5 9 ! act ( tak+ (f-h& aim4 ,top ,lev]4--,! lev] ( a bree*-load]1 :i* works on ! upp] side ( ! gun1 j back ( ! hamm]s4 ,trigg]4--,! small lev] "u ! gun1 ^u :i* is press$ ) ! f+] to release ! conf9$ ma9spr+ & all[ ! hamm] to desc5d4 ,trigg]-,plate4--,! iron plate 9 :i* ! trigg] works4 ,trigg] ,spr+4--,a small spr+ to keep ! trigg] press$ close to ! se>4 ,tube4--,! mod]n gunmak] calls ! gun-b>rel a tube2 9 old times ! only tube kn[n to ! gunsmi? 0 t projection ^u :i* ! p]cussion cap 0 explod$4 ,see nipple4 ,tube4--,see nipple4 ,tumbl]4--,t "p ( ! lock directly connect$ ) ! hamm]1 & 9 :i* are ! two set not*es4 ,tumbl]-,screw4--,! screw on ! outside ( ! lock1 pass+ ?r\gh ! hamm] & hold+ x securely 9 its connection ) ! tumbl]4 ,upp] ,rib4--,! rib above & betwe5 ! b>rels ( a d\ble-b>rel %ot-gun4 ,v5t4--,a small hole 9 side ( ! gun bree* communicat+ ) ! int]ior or p[d] *amb]4 ,vise4--,an implem5t = clamp+ or hold+4 ,:ite ,maple4--,! ,ac] dasyc>pum ( botani/s--a ne> relative ( ! sug> maple4 ,common 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,call$ s(t maple 9 "s localities4 ,:ole-,/ock4--,a gun-/ock ext5d+ ! entire l5g? ( ! b>rel4 ,wip]4--,a long ramrod us$ only 9 wip+ out & clean+ ! bore ( a muzzle load]4 ,also a small spiral implem5t made to screw on ! end ( a ramrod = ! purpose ( bor+ into & draw+ a wad f a gun1 or = hold+ mat]ial = wip+4 ,sometimes call$ a worm]4 ,worm]4--,see wip]4 ,,*apt] ,,xl4 ,,vocabul>y ,,( ,,*emicals ,,& ,,sub/ances ,,us$ ,,9 ,,br[n+1 ,,v>ni%es1 ,c4 ,acid1 ,gallic4--,acid produc$ 9 yell[i% color$ cry/als1 d]iv$ f nut-galls or oak-apples4 ,soluble 9 wat] & alcohol4 ,nut galls are an import +r$i5t 9 ! manufacture ( good black ink4 ,acid1 ,muriatic4--,call$ also ,hydro*loric ,acid & sometimes _s ( salt4 ,made by ! action ( sulphuric acid on common salt 7*loride ( sodium74 ,m+l$ ) half its volume ( ,nitric ,acid x =ms ,aqua ,regia4 ,acid1 ,nitric4--,sometimes call$ ,aqua ,=tis4 ,made by ! decomposition ( ,nitre1 or saltpetre by /rong sulphuric acid4 ,acid1 ,sulphuric4--,call$ oil ( vitriol1 made f sulphur & nitre or saltpetre4 ,acid1 ,hydro*loric4--,call$ ,muriatic ,acid1 :i* see4 ,alcohol4--,! product ( ! f]m5tation ( sug>1 & is conta9$ 9 all f]m5t$ liquors4 ,x is a colorless fluid1 boils at #agc ,f4 & burns )\t smoke4 ,! volatile oils & res9s are dissolv$ by x1 z well z _m acids & salts1 ! cau/ic alkalies1 etc4 ,! result+ comp\nds ( ! acids ^u alcohol are call$ e!rs4 ,alkanet ,root4--,! root ( a species ( ,bugloss4 ,x af=ds a f9e r$ color to alcohol & oils1 b a dirty r$ to wat]4 ,! spiritu\s t9cture gives to :ite m>ble a beautiful deep /a94 ,annatto4--,also spell$ ,anotta & ,anotto4 ,a r$ color+ sub/ance obta9$ f ! pulp ( ! se$-vessel ( ! plant ,bixa orellana4 ,x dissolves bett] & m readily 9 alcohol ?an 9 wat]4 ,antimony1 ,*loride (4--,call$ also ,butt] ( ,antimony & ,sesqui*loride ( ,antimony4 ,made by di/ill+ ! residue ( ! solution ( sulphuret ( antimony 9 /rong hydro*loric acid1 or by di/ill+ a mixture ( corrosive sublimate & antimony4 ,x is highly corrosive4 ,9 m$ic9e1 us$ z a cau/ic4 ,antimony1 ,butt] (4--,see ,antimony1 ,*loride (4 ,aqua ,=tis4--,call$ also ,nitric ,acid1 :i* see4 ,aqua ,regia4--,made by mix+ "o "p nitric acid 9 two muriatic acid1 by measure2 keep ! mixture 9 a bottle 9 a cool1 d>k place4 ,asphaltum4--,native bitum51 w dissolve 9 turp5t9e ) g5tle heat4 ,b5zo91 ,gum or ,gum ,b5jam94--,a gum extract$ f ! tree1 ,/yrax b5zo91 :i* gr[s 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,x fuses at a g5tle heat1 c be dissolv$ 9 alcohol & imp]fectly dissolv$ 9 e!r4 ,x is employ$ z a v>ni% = toilet & o!r articles1 :i* give out an agreeable smell :5 w>m$ by ! heat ( ! h&4 ,blue ,vitriol4--,sulphate ( copp]4 ,a salt =m$ by sulphuric acid 9 comb9ation ) copp]4 ,x is soluble 9 cold or w>m wat]1 us$ mu* 9 dye+ & excit+ galvanic batt]ies4 ,brim/one4--,see sulphur4 ,brim/one1 ,black4--,crude sulphur4 ,burnt ,umb]4--,umb] is a m9]al ( br[n color f ! ,isl& ( ,cyprus4 ,two k9ds are f\nd 9 ! m>ket1 raw & burnt4 ,butt] ( ,antimony4--,see antimony1 *loride (4 ,camphor4--,a solid concrete sub/ance1 ,laurus camphor or ,indian laurel tree1 :i* gr[s 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,soluble 9 alcohol1 e!r1 oil & acetic acid4 ,*loride ( ,antimony4--,see antimony1 *loride (4 ,*loride ( ,m]cury4--,call$ corrosive sublimate1 :i* see4 ,*loride ( ,iron4--,see muriate ( iron4 ,copal4--,! concrete juice ( a tree gr[+ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica & ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,/rictly speak+1 x is n a gum or a res91 b r resembles amb]4 ,x may be dissolv$ by dige/ion 9 l9se$ oil ) heat little less ?an suffici5t to boil ! oil4 ,! solution1 dilut$ ) oil ( turp5t9e1 =ms a transp>5t v>ni%4 ,x also dissolves 9 e!r1 & ! e!re\s solutions may be mix$ ) alcohol4 ,copp]as4--,sulphate ( iron or gre5 vitriol4 ,a salt made by ! decomposition ( iron or iron pyrites 9 oil ( vitriol4 ,dissolv$ 9 wat]1 is ! basis ( black dyes1 & is us$ 9 mak+ ink1 c4 ,copp]1 ,sulphate (4--,call$ blue vitriol1 :i* see4 ,corrosive ,sublimate4--,*loride ( m]cury4 ,a salt prep>$ by ! decomposition ( sulphate ( m]cury by common salt4 ,x is a deadly poison4 ,x is soluble 9 alcohol1 e!r1 9 two or ?ree p>ts ( hot wat] & 9 ab\t #ae p>ts cold wat]4 ,x melts & sublimes ab\t #fjj4 ,! :ite ( eggs is an antidote = ! poison4 ,dam> or ,damm>4--,a gum obta9$ f ! aga?is or damm> tree1 alli$ to ! p9e trees1 gr[+ 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,x is soluble 9 alcohol & 9 oil ( turp5t9e4 ,dragon's ,blood4--,! inspissat$ juice ( v>i\s plants1 ( a r$ color1 us$ = t++ v>ni%es1 too? t9cture1 /a9+ m>ble1 c4 ,e!r1 ,nitric4--,mode ( di/ill+ equal p>ts ( /rong nitric acid & alcohol ) a few gra9s ( urea4 ,x is liquid1 colorless1 ( sweet ta/e1 & insoluble 9 wat]4 ,x boils at #ahe ,f4 ,! vapor explodes at mod]ate heat4 ,elemi4--,a res9 obta9$ f plants gr[n 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 mak+ lack]s1 x is us$ to give t\ghness to ! v>ni%4 ,fu/ic4--,! wood ( a tree gr[+ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,us$ = dye+ yell[4 ,gallic ,acid4--,see ,acid1 gallic4 ,gre5 ,copp]as4--,sulphate ( iron4 ,see ,copp]as4 ,gre5 ,vitriol4--,copp]as1 :i* see ,hydro*loric ,acid4--,muriatic ,acid1 :i* see ,iron1 ,*loride (4--,see ,muriate ( ,iron4 ,iron1 ,muriate (4--,see ,muriate ( ,iron4 ,iron1 ,sulphate (4--,see ,sulphate ( ,iron4 ,iron1 ,sesqui-,*loride (4--,p]*loride ( iron or p]muriate ( iron4 ,made by dissolv+ ru/ ( iron 9 muriatic acid & !n cry/aliz+4 ,x =ms r$ cry/als4 ,soluble 9 wat]1 alcohol & e!r4 ,v corrosive4 ,logwood4--,! wood ( a tree gr[+ 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,! extract is us$ 9 dye+ black color4 ,madd]4--,a plant ( ! g5us ,rubia1 "o species ( :i* is us$ 9 dye+ r$4 ,manganese1 ,sulphate (4--,a beautiful rose-color$ salt1 us$ to give a f9e br[n dye4 ,ma/ic4--,a res9 exud+ f ! ma/ic tree4 ,x is 9 yell[i%-:ite1 semi-transp>5t te>s4 ,us$ z an +r$i5t 9 v>ni%es4 ,m]cury1 ,quicksilv]4--,a metal fluid at ord9>y temp]atures4 ,congealable at ab\t #dj bel[ z]o4 ,boils at #ffj & =ms a colorless d5se vapor4 ,x is us$ 9 b>omet]s & !rmomet]s1 & 9 alloy ) t9 9 coat+ mirrors4 ,x unites ) *lor(orm1 =m+ calomel & corrosive sublimate4 ,! only acids t act on x are sulphuric & nitric4 ,to unite ) ! latt] x mu/ be heat$4 ,m]cury1 ,*loride (4--,see ,*loride ( ,m]cury4 ,m]cury1 ,horn4--,call$ ,*loride ( ,m]cury4 ,m]cury1 ,muriate (4--,*loride ( ,m]cury4 ,muriate ,t9cture ( ,/eel4--,see ,muriate ( ,iron4 ,muriate ( ,iron4--,call$ ,*loride ( ,iron4 ,made by dissolv+ iron fil+s 9 muriatic acid & cry/aliz+ by evaporation4 ,cry/als ( gre5 color be+ ! result4 ,nitrate ( ,silv]4--,made by dissolv+ silv] 9 nitric acid & evaporat+ ! solution 9 cry/als4 ,w dissolve 9 w>m wat]4 ,is us$ = indelible ink to m>k clo?+ & 9 photography4 ,:5 fus$ & ca/ 9 small /icks is call$ lun> cau/ic4 ,nitric ,acid4--,see ,acid1 nitric4 ,nitric ,e!r4--,see ,e!r1 nitric4 ,oil ( ,vitriol4--,see ,acid1 sulphuric4 ,pe>la%4--,c>bonate ( potassa4 ,an alkali obta9$ f ! a%es ( trees by lea*+4 ,:5 evaporat$ to dryness 9 iron kettles x is call$ pota%1 b :5 calc9$ to burn (f ! color+ matt] x is call$ pe>la%4 ,pota%4--,see ,pe>la%4 ,sometimes call$ salts ( t>t>4 ,pumice ,/one4--,a sub/ance resembl+ ! slag f furnaces1 eject$ f volcanoes4 ,! pulv]iz$ mat]ial is us$ to remove ! gloss & imp]fections on v>ni%$ surfaces by rubb+ ) a wool5 clo? & wat]4 ,quicksilv]4--,see ,m]cury4 ,rott5 ,/one4--,a s(t /one us$ = f9e gr9d+ & poli%+4 ,g5]ally us$ aft] pumice /one1 & is appli$ ) a s(t wool5 clo? & sweet oil4 ,salts ( ,t>t>4--,see ,pota%4 ,s&>ac4--,a res9 t exudes f tree gr[+ 9 ,africa4 ,fusible by heat & soluble 9 alcohol4 ,us$ 9 v>ni%es4 ,sesqui-,*loride ( ,iron4--,see ,iron1 ,sesqui-*loride (4 ,%ellac4--,lac is a res9\s sub/ance produc$ ma9ly f ! banyan tree ( ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,x is ! product ( an insect4 ,/ick lac is ! res9 9 its natural /ate2 se$ lac :5 brok5 up1 clean$ ( impurities & wa%$2 %ellac :5 x is melt$ & =m$ 9 ?9 flakes4 ,unit$ ) ivory-black or v]milion x makes seal+ wax4 ,dissolv$ 9 alcohol x makes lack]s & v>ni%es4 ,silv]1 ,nitrate (4--,see nitrate ( silv]4 ,soda4--,common4 ,see pota%4 ,spani% ,:it+4--,gr\nd *alk c>efully clean$ f all /ony matt]4 ,spirits ( ,nitre4--,an alcoholic solution ( nitr\s e!r4 ,/eel1 ,t9cture (4--,see muriate t9cture ( /eel4 ,sulphate ( ,iron4--,copp]as or gre5 vitriol4 ,see copp]as4 ,sulphate ( ,manganese4--,see manganese1 sulphate (4 ,sulphur4--,(t5 call$ brim/one4 ,a m9]al ( yell[i% color4 ,soluble 9 turp5t9e1 fat oils1 bisulphuret ( c>bon & hot liquor ( potassa4 ,) oxyg5 x =ms sulphuric & sulphur\s acids1 & ) ! metals x comb9es z sulphurets or sulphides4 ,x is an ess5tial +r$i5t 9 gunp[d]1 & ! gas aris+ f its combu/ion is employ$ 9 blea*+ /raw & wool5 goods4 ,t>t>1 ,salts (4--,see pota%4 ,turp5t9e4--,an oleo-res9\s sub/ance z fl[+ f sev]al species ( p9e1 l>* & fir trees4 ,oil ( turp5t9e is obta9$ by di/ill+ ! crude turp5t9e4 ,umb]1 ,burnt4--,see ,burnt ,umb]4 ,v5ice ,turp5t9e4--,a liquid res9 :i* exudes f ! l>* tree4 ,! ,v5ice turp5t9e usually met ) is turp5t9e to :i* is add$ a quantity ( black melt$ res94 ,v]digris4--,a gre5 oxide ( copp]1 v poison\s4 ,! :ite ( eggs is an antidote = ! poison1 :5 tak5 into ! /oma*4 ,vitriol1 ,blue4--,call$ sulphate ( copp]4 ,see ,blue ,vitriol4 ,vitriol1 ,gre54--,sulphate ( iron4 ,see ,copp]as4 ,vitriol1 ,oil (4--,see ,acid1 sulphuric4 ,:it+1 ,spani%4--,see ,spani% ,:it+4 ,,*apt] ,,xli4 ,,calibres ,,( ,,guns1 ,,rifl+1 ,,twi/ ,,( ,,rifl+1 ,,etc4 ,european ,guns4--,! ,enfield ,rifle2 ,muzzle ,load]1 ,cal4 #egg2 #c grooves2 regul> twi/1 slightly deep] at bree* ?an at ! muzzle2 rifl+ "o turn 9 #f feet #f in*es4 ,! ,purdy ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]2 ,cal4 #fej2 #d grooves2 increas+ twi/1 comm5c+ at "o turn 9 #f feet & end+ at "o turn 9 #d feet #i in*es4 ,! ,wilk9son ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]1 ,cal4 #ecj2 #e grooves ) a regul> twi/ ( "o turn 9 #f feet #f in*es4 ,! ,lanca/] ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]4 ,bore smoo? & elliptical diamet] at muzzle2 great] axis1 #eej2 less] axis1 #edj2 great] axis at bree*1 #eeg2 less] axis1 #edc4 ,! twi/ is "o qu>t] turn 9 :ole l5g? ( b>rel4 ,l5g? ( b>rel1 #ci in*es4 ,! ,snid] ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]2 ,cal4 #egg2 #e grooves1 "o turn 9 #d feet4 ,! ,:itwor? ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]4 ,polygonal or hexagonal =m ( bore4 ,rifl+1 "o turn 9 #bj in*es4 ,bore1 #efd across ! flats4 #efh across c5t] ( flats4 ,! ,jacobs ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]2 #d grooves2 loads & grooves equal4 ,rifl+ f\r-fif?s turn 9 #bd in*es4 ,! ,turn] ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]4 ,bore1 #efh4 ,rifl+ ,turn]'s ,pat5t1 "o turn 9 #d feet4 ,! ,rigby ,rifle1 ,muzzle load]4 ,rifl+ #f grooves2 "o turn 9 #d feet4 ,! ,b\*] ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]4 ,bore hexagon ) angles1 r\nd$ (f s z to =m %all[ grooves1 #fjh deep 9 c5t]4 ,bore1 #egj4 ,rifl+ "o turn 9 #c feet #c in*es4 ,! ,prussian ,ne$le ,gun1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,rifl+ #d grooves1 "o turn 9 #dj in*es4 ,! ,*assepot ,rifle1 ,bree* ,load]2 ,cal4 #dcc2 rifl+ #d grooves1 turn+ f left to "r1 "o turn 9 #ba in*es4 ,! ,snid] ,enfield1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,rifl+ #c grooves slightly deep] at bree* ?an at ! muzzle1 "o turn 9 #gh in*es4 ,diamet]1 #egg4 ,dep? ( rifl+ at muzzle1 #je4 ,at bree*1 4#ac4 ,wid? ( grooves ?ree-sixte5?s in*4 ,we/ley ,ri*>d's1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,bore octagonal =m4 ,rifl+ "o turn 9 #bj in*es4 ,regulation ,m9ie ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]4 ,rifl+ "o turn 9 #f feet #f in*es4 ,am]ican ,guns4--,! ,peabody-,m>t9i ,rifle1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,rifl+ #g grooves1 "o turn 9 #bb in*es1 ga9 twi/1 l&s & grooves ( equal wid?4 ,mayn>d ,rifle1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,rifl+ #c grooves1 "o turn 9 #e feet1 l&s & grooves equal wid?2 dep?1 4#ja4 ,%>p's ,rifle1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,l&s & grooves equal wid?4 ,rifl+ "o turn 9 #bj in*es4 ,b[n ,sons' ,k5tucky ,rifle1 ,muzzle ,load]4 ,/&>d numb] ( grooves #g1 b made ) #d1 #e1 #f1 & #g grooves1 same wid? z l&s4 ,ev5 twi/ "o turn 9 #db in*es4 ,ga9 twi/ comm5ces at #i feet & ends at #f feet4 ,p[el ,son's ,bree* ,load+ ,rifle1 #f & #g grooves1 "o turn 9 #cf in*es4 ,/ev5's ,rifle1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,regul> twi/1 "o turn 9 #bf in*es4 ,spr+field1 ,u4 ,s4 ,rifle1 ,bree* ,load]1 ,cal4 #de4 ,rifl+ #c pla9 conc5tric grooves4 ,l&s & grooves equal wid?4 ,uni=m twi/1 "o turn 9 #bb in*es1 dep? 4#jje4 ,frank ,wesson's ,rifle1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,long & mid-range guns us+ long slugs1 ev5 twi/1 "o turn 9 #ah in*es1 grooves #f1 l&s & grooves equal wid?4 ,%ort range guns1 us+ slugs hav+ %ort be>+1 increase twi/ comm5c+ on #f feet1 & end+ on #b feet1 #e & #f grooves1 l&s & grooves ( equal wid?4 ,wesson's ,muzzle ,load+ ,rifle4 ,b>rel #b #h long4 ,rifl+ "o turn 9 #c #f #f grooves2 space betwe5 grooves equal to int]ior surface pres5t+ a dovetail appe>ance4 ,groves n s wide z spaces4 ,! ,:itney ,arms ,co4's ,guns1 ,bree* ,load+1 compris+ ! ,:itney1 ,k5n$y1 & ,phnix sy/ems4 ,rifl+ #f grooves1 "o turn 9 #bb in*es4 ,l&s & grooves ( equal wid?4 ,m>/on's ,rifle 7,toronto1 ,canada71 ,muzzle ,load]1 numb] ( grooves #f1 l&s & grooves equal wid?2 regul> twi/1 "o turn 9 #cj in*es2 dep? ( groove #ae-?\s&?s in*1 slightly fre$ at bree*4 ,pi/ols4--,colt's ,army ,pi/ol1 ,bree* ,load+ ,revolv]1 ,cal4 #de4 ,rifl+ #f grooves1 twi/ uni=m1 "o turn 9 #af in*es2 dep? 4#jje4 ,s*(ield1 ,smi? ,wesson ,revolv] = ,army ,use1 ,bree* ,load]4 ,bore1 4#dce4 ,numb] ( grooves #e1 uni=m twi/1 "o turn 9 #bj in*es4 ,dep? ( rifl+ 4#jjge4 ,,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,,directions ,,= ,,tak+ ,,ap>t ,,& ,,assembl+ ,,rifles1 ,,d\ble-,,b>rell$ ,,%ot ,,guns ,,& ,,pi/ols1 ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,not$ ,,mak]s ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! ,ball>d ,rifle4--7,made by ! ,m>l9 ,arms ,co41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47 ,to ,take ,ap>t4--#a1 take ! sight f ! b>rel2 #b1 take (f ! /ock by unscrew+ butt-plate2 & turn+ out ! long tang screw2 #c1 drop ! lev] & take out lev] screw2 take out ! extractor !n ! block2 #d1 unscrew ! b>rel f ! frame & take ! tang f ! frame2 #e1 take ! screws f ! lock & pry ! plates ap>t4 ,to ,assemble4--,proce$ 9 rev]se ord]4 ,! ,burgess ,repeat+ ,rifle4--7,made by ,:itney ,arms ,co41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47--#a1 receiv]2 #b1 bottom tang2 #c1 lev]2 #d1 bree*-block2 #e1 top lev]2 #f1 ejector2 #g1 c>ri]-block2 #h1 bottom plate2 #i1 bottom plate snap2 #aj1 hamm]2 #aa ma9spr+2 #ab1 hamm]-screw2 #ac1 side load+ spr+ cov] z se5 f ! back2 #ad1 trigg]4 ,to ,take ,ap>t4--#a/1 take out ! bottom plate screw1 & remove ! plate2 #b;d1 take out ! top cov] screws & slide ! cov] back aga9/ ! hamm]1 hav+ depress$ ! lev] suffici5tly to let x pass by1 !n pull back ! hamm] z f> z possible & take ! cov] out2 #c;d1 take out ! c>ri] screws1 !re be+ "o on ea* side ( ! upp] re> portion ( ! receiv]1 & ! /op screw on ! upp] front left h& side ( ! receiv]1 !n ! lev]1 bree*-block1 extractor & e>n] c be tak5 out ?r\gh ! top4 ,to ,dis5gage ! ,lev] f ! ,bree* ,block4--,take out1 #a/1 ! fir+ p9 screw2 #b;d1 ! fir+ p92 #c;d1 ! ejector f ! side ( ! bree*-block2 #d?1 ! l>ge p9 f ei!r side4 ,9 assembl+1 replace ! p9 9 exactly ! same position x 0 :5 tak5 out4 ,to ,assemble4--#a/1 place ! lev]1 bree*-block1 extractor & c>ri] 9 _! prop] position1 relatively to "o ano!r1 z !y 7 :5 tak5 out1 ) ! projection on ! bree*-block inside1 & "u ! front "p ( ! c>ri]4 #b;d4 ,replace ! above p>ts tak5 toge!r 9 ! receiv]1 pass+ ! h&le ( ! lev] fir/ ?r\gh ! top1 put 9 ! c>ri] side screws & ! /op screw4 #c;d4 cock ! hamm]1 slide ! top cov] into place1 ! bree* be+ left half way op51 !n put 9 ! screw2 #d?1 close ! brea* & screw ! bottom plate to place4 ,burnside's ,bree* ,load+ ,rifle4--,to clean ! gun1 unlat* ! gu>d & drop ! *amb]2 press d[n ! small spr+ bolt at ! gu>d jo9t ) ! f+] nail1 :ile ! lev] ( ! jo9t-bolt is turn$ out ( place & tak5 f ! jo9t4 ,to deta* ! movable bree*-p9 f ! *amb]1 press x back ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! left h&2 hold ! bolt 9 ?is position ) ! ?umb nail ( ! "r h& ins]t$ 9 ! not* ( ! bolt1 :ile ) ! =e f+] ( ! same h&1 ! bree*-p9 is pu%$ into ! *amb]1 & ! head or button ( ! spr+-bolt is turn$ f its place1 :5 ! bree*-p9 may be remov$4 ,e "p ( ! arm1 except ! lock is n[ expos$ to view4 ,put toge!r 9 rev]se ord] ( tak+ ap>t4 ,! ,evans ,magaz9e ,rifle4--7,made by ! ,evans ,magaz9e ,rifle ,co41 ,me*anics ,falls1 ,me42 ,m]w91 ,hulb]t ,co41 ag5ts1 ,new ,york ,city47--,to load ! magaz9e1 introduce ! c>tridge ?r\gh ! op5+ 9 ! butt plate4 ,ea* complete movem5t ( ! lev] =w>d c>ries ! c>tridge to its *amb]4 ,repeat ! motion till ! magaz9e is full4 ,to use z a s+le load]1 drop ! lev] to "r angle ) ! b>rel & ins]t ! c>tridge directly 9 ! *amb]4 ,! full motion ( ! lev] =w>d dis*>ges ! empty %ell1 ! return places ! load$ c>tridge 9 position1 :5 ! arm is ready = dis*>ge4 ,semi-,hamm]less4--,! ,am]ican ,arms ,company are n[ produc+ a gun at a l[ price call$ ! semi-hamm]less s+le gun1 = :i* ! manufactur]s claim t x comb9es ! advantages ( a hamm]less )\t ! dang] ( ! self-cock+ pr9ciple4 ,to cock ! gun press d[n ! little lev] on ! side4 ,! lock-plate is easily remov$ to get at & oil ! lock4 ,its con/ruction is su* t no wat] or dirt c p5etrate to ! lock4 ,! ,hot*kiss ,magaz9e ,gun4--7,made by ,w9*e/] ,arms ,co41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47--,to remove ! magaz9e cut (f1 turn ! not*$ end to ! front2 place ! po9t ( a screw-driv] "u ! re> end & be> d[n g5tly1 slightly support+ ! front end aga9/ ! pressure ) ! f+]s ( ! left h&4 ,to remove ! bree*-bolts press on ! trigg] & at ! same "t unlock ! bolt & )draw x4 ,n4 ,b4--,! bolt c be remov$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 unlock & draw back ! bolt until ! cock+ piece j cle>s ! receiv]2 !n1 lett+ g ! h&le1 take hold ( ! cock+ piece & turn x d[n to ! "r until ! projection on ! bolt-head leaves ! groove "u ! front end ( ! lock+-tube4 ,! latt] may !n be drawn out at ! re>1 & ! head at ! front ( ! receiv]4 ,to return ! bolt1 ! head mu/ be ins]t$ f ! front & ! "p f ! re>1 unless ! cut-(f be remov$4 ,to remove ! magaz9e-spr+ & c>tridge-foll[]1 ins]t ! po9t ( a screw-driv] 9 ! hole at ! re> ( ! magaz9e tube1 & draw out ! tube4 ,! b>rel _c be remov$ until ! magaz9e has be5 tak5 out4 ,remove !n ! trigg] spr+ screw & spr+1 ! c>tridge /op p9 & /op1 ! trigg] p9 & trigg] us+ a pun* to drive out ! p94 ,remov] ! trigg] cat* p9 & cat*1 us+ ! po9t ( a screw-driv] 9 ! not*$ end ( ! p9 to draw x out4 ,to dism\nt ! bree*-bolt1 remove ! bolt-head1 :i* c be done by hold+ ! cock+-piece firmly 9 ! left h&1 & ) ! "r turn d[n ! h&les z 9 ! act ( lock+ ! bolt2 ! head w !n slip (f4 ,turn out ! fir+-p9 screw2 slip ! bolt-head p>tly on ! project+ end ( ! fir+-p91 & use x z a wr5* to unscrew ! p92 ! ma9spr+ may !n be remov$4 ,remove ! extractor by tapp+ g5tly on its project+ end ) a piece ( wood4 ,to assemble1 proce$ 9 ! rev]se ord]4 ,h[>d's ,sport+ ,rifle1 8,! ,?und]bolt40--,to clean ! lock1 take out ! screw t atta*es ! back end ( ! yoke to ! bree* piece2 unscrew ! b>rel2 !n take ! nut f ! back end ( ! slid+ bree*-p91 :i* ) ! ma9spr+ & hamm]1 con/itute ! lock4 ,9 us+1 if ! op]ator does n wi% to h ! piece cock$1 he has only to hold ! trigg] back :ile clos+ ! gu>d1 & x w n be cock$4 ,to cock x f ?is position1 he has only to op5 ! gu>d a %ort di/ance1 & close x4 ,if he wi%es to load & fire rapidly1 x w cock itself4 ,if 9 no ha/e1 or does n wi% x cock$1 he has only to hold back ! trigg]1 :ile clos+ its gu>d4 ,! ,k5n$y ,magaz9e ,gun4--7,made by ,:itney ,arms ,co41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47--,directions = tak+ ap>t3 #a4 ,take out ! two side screws1 on ! left side ( ! receiv]1 t are ne>e/ toge!r4 #b4 ,remove ! bottom plate & c>ri] block ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! receiv]4 #c4 ,full cock ! hamm] & take out ! extractor screw f top cov]1 !n depress ! lev] suffici5tly to let ! cov] pass ov] x1 pull back ! hamm] z f> z possible & slide ! cov] out ov] x4 #d4 ,remove ! bree*-block & lev] toge!r ?r\gh ! top ( ! receiv]4 ,to dis5gage ! bree*-block3 #a4 ,take out ! fir+-p9 screw4 #b4 ,! fir+ p94 #c4 ,! ejector f ! side ( ! bree*-block4 #d4 ,! l>ge p9 f ei!r side4 ,to assemble1 put ! p>ts toge!r 9 rev]se ord] f :i* !y 7 tak5 out4 ,m>l9's ,magaz9e ,rifle4--7,made by ,m>l9 ,arms ,co41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47--,figure ,no4 #a %[s ! arm 9 a clos$ position4 ,a1 repres5ts ! ,lev]2 ,b1 ! ,bolt2 ,c1 ,extractor2 ,d1 ! ,c>ri] ,block2 ,e1 ! ,ejector2 ,f1 ! ,c>ri] ,block ,spr+2 ,g1 ! ,hamm]2 ,h1 ! ,trigg]2 ,i1 ! ,fir+ ,p94 ,to take ! action ap>t3 #a4 ,take out ! lev] p9 screw1 & drive out ! lev] p91 all[+ ! lev] to be remov$4 #b4 ,take out ! tang screw 7?is all[s ! /ock to be remov$71 hamm] screw1 & front p9 t goes ?r\gh trigg] /rap2 n[ remove ! trigg] /rap ) lock "w atta*$4 #c4 ,! bolt c n[ be slipp$ out4 ,to assemble ! action1 put ! p>ts into ! receiv] 9 rev]se ord] f t 9 :i* !y 7 tak5 out4 ,mayn>d ,rifle1 ,self-,prim+ ,model4--7,made by ,mass4 ,arms ,co41 ,*icopee ,falls1 ,mass47--,to deta* ! b>rel3 ,loos5 ! lev] at its re> end & move x =w>d4 ,!re is a button t keeps ! magaz9e clos$2 turn ?is button d[nw>d & =w>d z f> z x w g2 !n pull x out z f> z x w come2 ?is w deta* ! lev] f ! bree*-piece1 s t x w come p>tly out ( x2 unhook ! b>rel1 & ! lev] w pass q out ( ! bree*-piece4 ,to atta* ! b>rel rev]se ! op]ation4 ,to remove ! nipple3 ,on ! left side1 opposite ! nipple1 is ! screw :i* fa/5s x2 take out ?is screw2 put a /ick ( h>d wood 9 ! screw-hole2 /rike ! /ick a little & ! nipple w be driv5 out4 ,to dissect ! rifle = a ?or\gh clean+3 ,!re are f\r screws on ! "u side ( ! gun1 beh9d ! hole :]e ! lev] is pivot$4 ,take out ! two f>!/ back1 & ! /ock may !n be drawn back s z to sep>ate x f ! bree*-piece4 ,to adju/ ! jo9t betwe5 ! end ( ! b>rel & ! bree*-piece3 ,!re are two screws visible on ! "u side ( ! bree*-piece1 =w>d ( ! lev]4 ,!y are to adju/ ! jo9t to ! ?ickness ( ! flange ( ! c>tridge4 ,to d ?is3 ,fir/1 turn ! screw ne>e/ ! lev] once r\nd to ! left2 n[ raise ! butt-end ( ! b>rel1 put 9 a c>tridge1 & obs]ve z y br+ ! butt-end d[n aga9 :e!r ! jo9t is too close1 s z to p9* ! flange1 or n close en\gh to hold x firmly4 ,! exact degree ( tightness all[s ! lev] to "w easily1 b holds ! b>rel p]fectly firm4 ,?is degree w be f\nd by turn+ ! =w>d screw to ! "r or left4 ,hav+ f\nd ?is degree1 turn ! re> screw to ! "r1 tightly1 & ! jo9t is adju/$4 ,! ,peabody-,m>t9i ,rifle4--7,made by ,provid5ce ,tool ,co41 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i47--#a4 ,butt ,/ock4 #i4 ,/ock ,bolt4 #aj4 ,receiv]1 or ,body4 #aa4 ,trigg] ,spr+4 #ab4 ,screw = ,lock+ ,bolt ,spr+ & ,trigg] ,spr+4 #ad4 ,/op ,nut4 #ae4 ,block ,axis ,p94 #af4 ,/rik]1 or ,fir+ ,p94 #ai4 ,block4 #be4 ,tumbl]4 #bf4 ,indicator4 #bg4 ,block ,lev]4 #bh4 ,extractor4 #bi4 ,tumbl] ,re/4 #cj4 ,tumbl] ,re/ ,axis ,screw4 #ca4 ,extractor ,axis ,screw4 #cb4 ,gu>d4 #cc4 ,trigg]4 #cd4 ,trigg] ,axis ,screw4 #ce4 ,swivel4 #cf4 ,swivel ,axis ,screw4 #df4 ,b>rel4 #dg4 ,=e1 or ,tip-,/ock4 #dh4 ,clean+ ,rod4 ,to dism\nt body or receiv]3 ,turn keep]-screw s ! groove 9 head w all[ block axis p9 to drop out2 op5 ! bree*1 & ) ! ?umb press ) =ce oil front end ( block1 &1 at ! same "t1 raise ! lev]2 turn ! keep]-screw s z to all[ ! tumbl] axis to be pu%$ out4 ,?is also relieves ! tumbl]4 ,take out extractor axis screw4 ,to assemble body3 ,put lev] back to its place 9 assembl$ gu>d & ins]t bo? 9 ! body4 ,drop 9 extractor & turn 9 extractor axis screw4 ,put tumbl] 9 place & put 9 tumbl] axis1 po9t upright & secure keep] screw4 ,) ! "r h& raise ! lev] s z to t\* ! lev] cat*1 !n1 ) ! fir/ f+]1 pull ! trigg] back1 & ) ! ?umb pu% ! trigg] axis =w>d1 & drop 9 ! assembl$ block1 ! front end ent]+ fir/4 ,apply a little =ce to back end ( block ) ! left h&1 mov+ ! lev] a little at ! same "t ) ! "r h&1 & ! block w drop into place4 ,ins]t block axis p9 & secure x ) ! keep] screw4 ,to dism\nt gu>d3 ,take out tumbl] re/ axis screw1 reliev+ tumbl] re/4 ,take out trigg] spr+ screw1 reliev+ trigg] spr+ & lock+ bolt spr+4 ,take out trigg] axis screw1 reliev+ trigg]4 ,take out lock+ bolt screw1 if f\nd necess>y4 ,to assemble gu>d3 ,hold trigg] 9 place & turn 9 trigg] axis screw4 ,re/ore lock+ bolt & ?umb piece to place & turn 9 screw4 ,re/ore lock+ bolt spr+ & trigg] spr+ & turn 9 trigg] spr+ screw4 ,ins]t tumbl] re/ & turn 9 tumbl] re/ axis screw4 ,! p>ts are n[ ready to be atta*$ to ! body1 or receiv]4 ,to dism\nt block3 ,turn keep] screw on end ( block & take out /op nut4 ,! fir+ p9 & coil spr+ w !n drop out4 ,to assemble block3 ,re/ore fir+ p9 & coil spr+4 ,turn 9 /op nut1 & turn keep] screw to secure x4 ,! fir+ p9 has a rectangul> slot ne> "o end4 ,?is slot is long] on "o side ?an on ! o!r4 ,! long side %\ld be s plac$ z to admit end ( ! tumbl] freely4 ,! ,phnix ,bree*-,load]4--7,made by ,:itney ,arms ,co41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47--,no special directions are necess>y = dism\nt+ & assembl+ ! ,phnix sy/em4 ,! bree*-block is tak5 out by loos5+ ! screw t holds ! p91 & !n tak+ out ! p94 ,aft] ! bree*-block has be5 remov$ let ! hamm] d[n z f> z x w g1 :i* relieves x f ! pressure ( ! ma9 spr+1 & x c !n be easily remov$ by tak+ out ! screw :i* holds x4 ,! ,rem+ton ,bree*-,load+ ,rifle4--7,made by ,e4 ,rem+ton ,sons1 ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y47--,explanation ( p>ts & te*nical names3 ,,aa4 ,receiv]4 ,b4 ,bree* ,piece4 ,c4 ,hamm]4 ,d4 ,lock+ ,lev]4 a4 ,ma9 ,spr+4 bb4 ,p9s4 c4 ,trigg]4 d4 ,lev] ,spr+4 e4 ,trigg] ,spr+4 f4 ,fir+ ,p94 g4 ,extractor4 ,to remove ! bree* piece & hamm]3 ,loos5 ! button screw until ! button c be remov$ f ! heads ( ! bree* & hamm] p9s4 ,cock ! hamm]1 pu% out ! bree* p91 take out ! bree* piece1 let d[n ! hamm] z f> z x w g 7:i* leaves ! ma9 spr+ re/+ ^u a /ation>y p91 & obviates ! necessity ( us+ a ma9 spr+ vise 9 readju/+ ! p>ts74 ,remove ! hamm] p9 & take out ! hamm]4 ,to replace ! hamm] & bree* piece3 ,lay ! arm d[n on ! "r side1 press ^u ! trigg] at ! same "t replac+ ! hamm] ) ! ?umb piece =w>d & d[nw>d1 until ! hole 9 ! hamm] & receiv] correspond4 ,replace ! hamm] p91 cock ! hamm]1 replace ! bree* piece1 ins]t bree* p9 9 receiv]1 & by press+ on ! p9 at ! same "t press+ d[n ! bree* piece & work+ x back & =? slightly ! p9 w ent]4 ,adju/ ! button & tight5 ! button screw4 ,to take ! entire arm ap>t3 ,take out ! extractor screw1 op5 ! bree*1 remove ! extractor1 take out ! bree* piece & hamm]1 z describ$4 ,9 milit>y arms remove ! wip+ rod by unscrew+ ! same1 remove ! b&s1 sep>ate ! tip /ock f ! b>rel at ! muzzle1 until x is lib]at$ f ! /ud ^u ! "u side ( ! b>rel1 :5 x maybe )drawn f ! receiv]2 take out ! tang screw & remove ! butt /ock4 ,to deta* ! gu>d /rap3 ,take out ! two side screws :i* pass ?r\gh ! gu>d /rap1 always remov+ ! re> screw fir/4 ,unscrew ! b>rel f ! receiv]1 tak+ c>e t ! extractor has be5 remov$ be=e unscrew+ ! b>rel4 ,to assemble ! arm3 ,screw ! b>rel into ! receiv]1 until ! m>k on ! top ( ! b>rel & receiv] correspond4 ,replace ! extractor & screw1 place ! =w>d end ( ! gu>d /rap 9 ! receiv]1 putt+ 9 ! screw4 ,see t ! ma9 spr+ is 9 ! c5t] ( ! gu>d /rap1 press ! re> end 9 until ! screw w ent]4 ,replace ! hamm] & bree* piece1 z previ\sly describ$4 ,replace butt /ock & tip4 ,9 putt+ on ! b&s ( milit>y guns1 see t ! lett]s ^u !m are ^u ! same side ) ! b& spr+s4 ,replace ! wip+ rod by screw+ x 94 ,! lock+ lev]1 atta*$ to ! gu>d /rap1 s]ves a d\ble purpose3 "o end lock+ ! se>1 or trigg]1 :5 ! bree* is op5 to receive ! c>tridge1 :i* effectually prev5ts accid5tal dis*>ge1 ! o!r end work+ 9 a groove on ! "u side ( ! bree* piece1 s]v+ to close ! bree* piece & keep x clos$ 9 ! act ( fir+4 ,! ,rem+ton ,magaz9e ,gun2 ,ke5e's pat5t4--7,made by ,e4 ,rem+ton ,sons1 ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y47--,to remove ! bree*1 turn ! l>ge screw at ! "r h& side ( ! /ock bel[ ! hamm] to ! "r until ! c>ri] 7:i* %\ld be 9 its l[] position at ! "t7 drops free ( ! bolt & all[s x to be )drawn4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! screw ref]r$ to is cut ) a left h& ?read4 ,to sep>ate ! re> end ( ! bolt & fir+ p9 f ! front end1 b5d back ! hamm] & twi/ x ar\nd to ! "r until ! %\ld] on front end ( re> cap slides back 9 ! groove 9 bree* bolt4 ,to reassemble x rev]se ! op]ation describ$4 ,to take out ! extractor1 press back ! extractor bolt1 us+ ! hook$ end ( ! screw-driv] = ?is purpose1 ?us releas+ ! re> end ( ! extractor1 :i* may !n be lift$ out ( its seat4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to let ! extractor be ?r[n out by ! spr+ :5 releas$4 ,to remove ! /ock1 take (f ! b&s2 take out ! screw at ! end ( ! metal tip1 & remove ! tip-/ock by slipp+ x =w>d ov] ! magaz9e tube4 ,unscrew ! magaz9e tube1 take out ! tang screw1 remove ! gu>d b[1 & take (f ! butt /ock4 ,! b>rel %\ld nev] be unscrew$ except ) prop] appliances to avoid injur+ ! receiv]4 ,to assemble ! p>ts1 rev]se ! op]ations describ$1 tak+ c>e 9 screw+ 9 ! magaz9e tube t ! foll[] does n cat* aga9/ ! cut-(f & int]f]e ) replac+ ! tube4 ,rem+ton ,no4 #c ,rifle4--7,hepburn's ,pat5t1 made by ,e4 ,rem+ton & ,sons1 ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y47--,remove ! upp] screw on ! left h& side1 & ! bree* block may be tak5 out4 ,to take out ! hamm]1 remove ! upp] screw & slip ! hamm] =w>d into ! bree* block hole4 ,to take out ! extractor1 remove ! =w>d screw on left h& side4 ,! lev] :i* op]ates ! bree* block passes ?r\gh ! rock] sleeve ) a squ>e /ud & is held 9 place by a set screw directly "u ! =e /ock1 :i* mu/ be remov$ if x is ev] desir$ to take (f ! lev]4 ,if necess>y to remove ! gu>d x c be done by tak+ (f ! butt /ock & tak+ out ! side screws 9 ! usual way4 ,! b>rel %\ld n be unscrew$ f ! frame except ) prop] appliances4 ,:5 necess>y to unscrew ! frame1 ! extractor %\ld be tak5 out & ! bree* block & gu>d put back 9 place1 be=e putt+ on ! wr5*4 ,%>p's ,rifle1 7old model us+ pap] or l95 c>tridge1 also model ( #ahgd us+ metallic c>tridge2 made by ,%>p's ,rifle ,co41 ,bridgeport1 ,conn47--,to take ! arm ap>t3 ,relieve ! lev] key f pressure ( spr+ by ?r[+ d[n ! lev] gu>d1 ! key c !n be tak5 out & ! slide ) lev] gu>d atta*$1 remov$4 ,to replace1 put slide 9 place1 leav+ gu>d d[n1 !n ins]t lev] key1 turn+ ! key to place4 ,to take (f ! lock1 give f\r or five turns to ! side screws2 tap _! heads g5tly ) ! h&le ( ! screw-driv] to />t ! lock f its b$1 ! side screws c !n be tak5 out & ! lock remov$4 ,to replace ! lock1 press x firmly into its b$1 be=e ent]+ ! screws & !n turn !m up close4 ,%>p's ,rifle1 7,bor*>dt's ,pat5t model ( #ahgh2 made by ,%>p's ,rifle ,co41 ,bridgeport1 ,conn47--,plate #c--;,,aaa1 receiv]2 ,,bb1 slide2 ,,cc1 se>2 ,d1 fir+ bolt2 ,e1 cam2 ,f1 extractor2 ,g1 connection2 ,h1 trigg]2 ,k1 safety cat*2 ,l1 safety lev]2 ,,mm1 lev]2 ,,nn1 ma9spr+2 ,o1 lev] spr+2 ,p1 b>rel /ud2 ,r1 ramrod /op1 milit>y2 ,s1 ramrod1 milit>y2 ,t1 swivel1 milit>y2 ,,uu1 b>rel2 ,w1 =e>m2 ,w1 l9k2 ,x1 butt-/ock bolt2 #a1 lev] p92 #b1 lev] screw4 ,to take ! arm ap>t3 ,loos5 ! re> screw "u ! b>rel1 & ?is w relieve ! pressure ( ! lev] spr+4 ,cock ! gun by op5+ & clos+4 ,br+ d[n ! gu>d lev] half way4 ,take out ! lev] p9 on :i* ! lev] rotates4 ,?is p9 is held 9 place by a small screw directly above x4 ,turn ?is screw to ! left until ! circul> cut 9 its side is on a l9e ) ! lev] p91 & ! latt] c !n be remov$4 ,pull lev] out ( ! jo9t4 ,replace lev] p9 s z to hold extractor 9 place4 ,remove screw :i* connects lev] & l9k1 ?r\gh hole 9 left side ( l9k4 ,take out lev]4 ,pu% slide up & out1 & !n take out extractor4 ,to /rip ! slide1 uncock x & pu% out se> p9 & remove se>4 ,take out p9 at re> end ( slide4 ,take out slide plug & ma9spr+4 ,drive cross p9 out ( fir+ bolt & remove same4 ,remove l9k by tak+ la/ screw out ( slide4 ,to remove trigg]1 safety & safety lev]1 drive out trigg] p9 & safety p9 above x4 ,pull back safety cat* & pull out trigg]4 ,pu% =w>d safety cat* z f> z x w g1 & x w drop out1 toge!r ) ! safety lev] above x4 ,to assemble1 replace safety cat*1 safety lev] & trigg]4 ,assemble slide & cock x4 ,pu% safety cat* into not* ( trigg]4 ,put 9 extractor & lev] p94 ,ins]t slide & pu% x d[n1 keep+ extractor close to its place1 9 base ( b>rel4 ,atta* lev]4 ,take out lev] p91 br+ lev] into ! jo9t1 replace ! p91 & secure x by giv+ small screw above x half a turn to ! "r4 ,tight5 ! screw :i* 0 loos5$ "u ! b>rel4 ,nev] use a hamm] or o!r =ce ei!r 9 tak+ ap>t or assembl+ ?is sy/em4 ,if ! p>ts are 9 prop] position1 ev]y?+ w g into place easily4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 ,muzzle ,load+ ,rifle & ,musket4--,to take ap>t3 ,draw ! ramrod2 turn out ! tang screw2 put ! hamm] at half cock2 p>tially unscrew ! side screw1 & ) a light tap on ! head ( ea* screw ) ! h&le ( ! screw-driv] or a light wood mallet1 loos5 ! lock f its b$ 9 ! /ock1 !n turn out ! side screws & remove ! lock ) ! left h&4 ,remove ! side screws & take (f ! b&s4 ,take out ! b>rel by turn+ ! gun horizontally1 b>rel d[nw>d1 hold+ ! b>rel loosely ) ! left h& bel[ ! re> sight1 ! "r h& grasp+ ! /ock by ! small2 if x does n leave ! /ock1 tap ! muzzle on ! top side aga9/ ! "w b5* :i* w effect loos5+ x at ! bree*4 ,to assemble1 put toge!r 9 ! inv]se ord] ( tak+ ap>t4 ,squeeze ! b>rel 9 place ) ! h&2 give ! butt ( ! /ock a g5tle tap on ! floor to settle ! bree* end ( ! b>rel aga9/ ! head ( ! /ock4 ,spr+field ,bree* ,load+ ,rifle 7made at ,spr+field1 ,mass4 by ,u4 ,s4 ,gov]nm5t2 adopt$ by ,u4 ,s4 ,gov]nm5t47--,a1 ,bottom ( ,receiv]2 ,b1 ,b>rel2 ,c1 ,bree* ,screw2 ,e1 ,h+e ,p92 ,f1 ,cam ,lock2 ,g1 ,cam ,lat* ,spr+2 ,h1 ,fir+ ,p92 ,i1 ,fir+ ,p9 ,spr+2 ,j1 ,extractor2 ,k1 ,ejector ,spr+ & ,sp9dle2 ,l1 ejector ,/ud2 ,m1 ,lug ( ,extractor4 ,to dism\nt ! bree* load+ p>ts3 #a4 ,remove ! h+e p9 by press+ on its po9t ) a small-siz$ pun* until ! end c>ry+ ! arm projects suffici5tly to enable x to be grasp$ & remov$ by ! f+]s4 #b4 ,remove ! bree* block c>efully1 s z n to all[ ! extractor & ejector spr+ to fall out4 #c4 ,remove ! extractor & ejector spr+4 #d4 ,remove ! cam lat* by unscrew+ ! bree* block cap screw1 & loos5 ! cap ) ! po9t ( a screw-driv]4 #e4 ,remove ! cam lat* spr+4 #f4 ,turn out ! fir+ p9 screw1 !n take out ! fir+ p9 & spr+ f ! bree* block4 ,to assemble3 #a4 ,ins]t ! fir+ p9 screw 9 ! bree* block1 !n ! fir+ p91 & !n replace ! fir+ p9 screw4 #b4 ,ins]t ! cam lat* spr+ 9 its place4 #c4 ,replace ! cam lat* & ! bree* block cap2 turn ! cap screw well d[n4 #d4 ,ins]t ! ejector spr+ 9 its place4 #e4 ,replace ! extractor 9 su* a position 9 ! bree* block t ! small recess 9 ! back ( ! extractor w be 9 a position to be pres5t$ to ! po9t ( ! ejector spr+ sp9dle4 #f4 ,ins]t ! bree* block4 ,aft] see+ t ! po9t ( ! sp9dle has ent]$ ! recess 9 ! back ( ! extractor1 /rike ! bree* block ov] ! ?umb piece & head ( ! fir+ p91 a sm>t bl[ ) ! palm ( ! h&1 =w>ds & d[nw>ds1 ?is w cause x to ent] suffici5tly to hold x 9 place4 ,!n press x into position by grasp+ ! block & receiv] ) ! f+]s & ?umb1 ! ?umb upp]mo/1 & squeeze x home4 #g4 ,ins]t ! h+e p9 by /rik+ x a %>p bl[ ) ! palm ( ! h&4 ,see t ! /ud 9 ! arm ent]s ! recess cut = x on ! side ( ! receiv]4 ,%\ld ! ?umb piece int]f]e ) ! head ( ! hamm] 9 rais+ ! bree* block1 x is probable t ei!r ! tumbl] or se> screw is too loose or brok54 ,:itney ,bree* ,load+ ,gun 7made by ,:itney ,arms ,company1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47--,to take ap>t3 #a4 ,give ! screw 9 ! side ( ! frame or receiv] 7t holds ! two fulcrum p9s7 a few turns to release ! flanges or heads ( ! two p9s1 !n turn !m away f ! screw a little4 #b4 ,place ! hamm] on ! half-cock1 op5 ! bree* half way1 & press ! lock+ %\ld] back ) ! screw-driv] until x is held by ! cat* on ! lock+ lev] made = ! purpose4 #c4 ,knock out ! p9 t holds ! bree* block1 & take out ! bree* block1 lev] & c>tridge extractor at ! same "t4 #d4 ,br+ ! hamm] to full-cock1 s z to release ! lock+ %\ld]1 & !n uncock x1 press+ x =w>d s z to relieve ! t5sion ( ! spr+s2 knock out ! l>ge p91 & take out ! hamm] & lock+ %\ld] toge!r4 ,to assemble3 #a4 ,draw back ! trigg] to its usual place & ins]t ! hamm] & lock+ %\ld] 7plac$ toge!r1 z :5 tak5 out7 into ! receiv]1 press+ !m =w>d s z to relieve !m f ! t5sion ( _! spr+s2 !n ins]t ! hamm] p91 half-cock ! hamm]1 & press back ! lock+ %\ld] until x is held by ! cat* on ! lock+ lev]4 #b4 ,ins]t ! lev]1 bree* block & c>tridge extractor plac$ toge!r1 put 9 ! fulcrum p91 turn ! heads or flanges ( ! two p9s to _! places aga9/ ! b9d+ screw1 & turn x up to its place4 #c4 ,op5 ! bree* 9 ! usual way1 or simply br+ ! hamm] to full cock1 :5 ! lock+ %\ld] w be releas$ & ! piece ready to op]ate4 ,! ramrod is held 9 place by be+ screw$ into ! /eel on ! l[] side ( ! b>rel4 ,:itney ,new ,sy/em ,bree* ,load+ ,gun 7made by ,:itney ,arms ,company1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47--#a1 ,receiv] or ,frame2 #b1 ,bottom ,tang2 #c1 ,b>rel2 #d1 ,bree* ,block2 #e1 ,hamm]2 #f1 ,bree* ,block ,fulcrum ,p92 #g1 ,hamm] ,fulcrum ,p92 #h1 ,extractor2 #i1 ,ma9spr+2 #aj1 ,trigg]2 #aa1 ,/ud4 ,to take ap>t ! lock "w3 #a4 ,give ! screw 9 ! side ( ! frame or receiv] 7t holds ! two l>ge fulcrum p9s7 a few turns to release ! flanges or heads ( ! two p9s1 !n turn !m away f ! screw a little4 #b4 ,place ! hamm] on ! full cock1 op5 ! bree* half way1 knock out ! p9 t holds ! bree* block & ! extractor screw 9 ! side ( ! receiv]1 !n take out ! bree* block & c>tridge extractor at ! same "t4 #c4 ,uncock ! hamm]1 press+ x =w>d s z to relieve ! t5sion ( ! spr+2 knock out ! l>ge p9 & take out ! hamm]4 ,to assemble ! lock "w3 #a4 ,draw back ! trigg] to its usual place1 & ins]t ! hamm] into ! receiv]1 press+ x =w>d s z to relieve x f ! t5sion ( ! spr+2 !n ins]t ! hamm] p9 & cock ! hamm]4 #b4 ,ins]t ! bree* block & c>tridge extractor1 plac$ toge!r1 put 9 ! fulcrum p91 turn ! heads or flanges ( ! two p9s to _! places aga9/ ! b9d+ screw1 & turn x up to its place2 !n put 9 ! extractor screw4 ,w9*e/] ,magaz9e ,gun4--7,made by ,w9*e/] ,arms ,co41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn47--,to take ap>t3 ,to take out ! b>rel3 ,take out ! two tip screws1 ! magaz9e r+ p91 pull out ! magaz9e tube1 & take (f ! =e>m2 !n1 be=e unscrew+ ! b>rel f ! frame1 ! bree* p9 mu/ be ?r[n back by mov+ ! f+]-lev] =w>d1 o!rwise ! attempt to unscrew x w break ! spr+ cat* t )draws ! c>tridge1 & ru9 ! bree*-p94 ,to remove ! bree* p9 model ( #ahff3 ,aft] remov+ ! side plates & l9ks1 ! spr+-cat* mu/ be next tak5 out1 :i* is done by mov+ ! bree*-p9 back s t ! p9 t holds ! spr+ cat* w be 9 a l9e ) a correspond+ hole ?r\gh ! frame2 !n ) a small /eel wire pun* out ! p91 !n move ! bree*-p9 =w>d & take out ! spr+ cat*2 ! pi/on c !n be unscrew$ ) pli]s or h& vise1 fir/ sett+ ! hamm] at full cock1 or tak+ x out4 ,9 models ( #ahgc & #ahgf3 ,aft] remov+ ! side plates & l9ks1 take out ! l9k p9 & retractor2 ! pi/on c !n be pull$ out ) ! f+]s1 fir/ remov+ ! hamm] or sett+ x at full cock4 ,%\ld ! ma9 spr+ require /r5g!n+ x c be done by turn+ up ! /ra9-screw1 :i* w be f\nd directly "u x1 on ! "u side ( ! frame4 ,rem+ton's ,rifle ,cane4--7,made by ,e4 ,rem+ton ,sons ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y47--,directions = us+3 ,to load1 unscrew ! h&le or bree* f ! body ( ! cane2 ins]t ! c>tridge & replace ! h&le1 draw+ back ! h&le w cock ! piece ready = fir+1 :5 press+ on ! trigg]-knob und]nea? w dis*>ge x4 ,d n press on ! trigg]-knob :5 ! piece is be+ cock$4 ,! lock-case or bree* may be clos$ by a slight pressure ^u ! spr+ sight4 ,= hunt+ or t>get practice1 remove ! tip or f]ule at ! muzzle4 ,if x is requir$ to use ! arm sudd5ly1 z = self-def5se1 x is n necess>y to remove ! tip4 ,to remove ! lock-case1 remove ! f]ule "u ! h&le by driv+ x d[n1 take out ! p9 "u ! f]ule1 draw out ! h&le1 draw ! cane to full cock & press d[n & back ! trigg]1 unscrew ! lock f ! b>rel & pu% ! cock out at ! top end ( ! case4 ,9 replac+ ! lock be c>eful to get ! slot on a l9e ) ! guide inside ( ! case1 & press d[n ! sight spr+4 ,bill+s' ,bree* ,load+ ,%ot ,gun4--7,made by ,bill+s ,sp5c]1 ,h>t=d1 ,conn47--,?is arm is provid$ ) a backw>d & upw>d mov+ bree* block 9 ! re> ( ! c>tridge1 ! bree* block turn+ backw>d ^u ! h+e1 :i* is a m natural motion ?an a =w>d turn4 ,to op5 ! bree* = load+1 half cock ! piece2 draw ! lock+ bolt ) small h&le on "r side1 & pull t[>ds y2 ?is retracts ! fir+ p91 also extracts ! %ell automatically at ! same "t4 ,! ,fox ,bree* ,load+ ,%ot ,gun4--7,made by ,am]ican ,arms ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass47--,to take ap>t3 ,to deta* ! b>rels1 fir/ op5 ! gun z if = load+1 :i* is done by press+ =w>d ! ?umb-piece on ! top ( ! /ock2 !n ) ! left ?umb at a po9t ab\t two in*es f ! end ( ! b>rels1 press ! b>rels t[>ds ! "r & ! gun is 9 position to load4 ,next turn ! gun ov] 9 ! "r h&1 hold+ x by ! small ( ! /ock1 ! end ( ! /ock "u ! elb[ support+ ! weight ( ! gun2 ) ! left ?umb press ! extractor home1 &1 ) ! ?umb plac$ on ! extractor spr+1 z close up to ! =e end z conv5i5t1 press d[n ! extractor firmly1 & g5tly sw++ ! /ock to ! "r until ! deta*m5t is obta9$4 ,to atta* ! b>rels aga91 grasp ! b>rels ) ! plate up1 s t ! l>ge screw at ! head ( ! plate comes ab\t at ! c5t] ( ! h&2 be sure t ! extractor is home4 ,place ! op5+ = ! screw :i* is 9 ! bree*-plate1 ov] ! screw1 ) ! /ock at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees ) ! b>rels1 at ! same "t put ! left ?umb on ! end ( ! =e end1 hold+ x firmly & flat on ! plate1 ! /ock-plate cov]+ ! guide-p9 next ! screw on ! b>rels1 b n ! p9 on ! extractor2 g5tly move ! /ock until ! two plates come into p]fect contact1 :5 ! b>rel w sw+ into position4 ,to remove ! extractor1 deta* ! b>rels f ! /ock1 lay !m on a table ) ! plate up & muzzle f gun2 pull out ! extractor z f> z x w come readily1 !n turn x to ! left until ! %ort arm /rikes end ( ! b>rels2 n[ draw x /raight out1 mean:ile hold+ a f+] ov] ! extractor button to prev5t its spr++ out & gett+ lo/1 :5 ! button & lock+ /ud w fall out ( _! own weight4 ,to replace ! extractor1 lay ! extractor button 9 its cavity & slide ! long %ank ( ! extractor ?r\gh x1 !n place ! lock+ /ud 9 position1 hold+ x snug aga9/ ! re> end ( its seat1 run ! extractor into x1 solid home1 & turn to ! "r till ! %ort arm is opposite its hole1 :5 pu% /raight 94 ,to take out fir+ p9s1 remove ! screw hold+ !m1 :i* w be f\nd 9 ! bree*-piece at ! re> ( ! scroll-f5ce4 ,! ,lefev] ,hamm]less ,gun4--7,made by ,daniel ,lefev]1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y47--,locks are reb\nd+4 ,to take ap>t3 ,to take (f ! lock1 see t bo? hamm]s are d[n2 take out lev]-screw2 remove lev]2 turn out lock plate screw & drive (f "r h& lock by tapp+ on head ( lock plate screw2 take out ! screw & ins]t 9 se> hole1 & drive (f left h& plate4 ,to take out ! hamm]s1 turn 9 ! screws 9 bottom ( ! frame until ! ma9spr+ w all[ ! hamm] to drop back f> en\gh to all[ its be+ lift$ out ( ! frame4 ,9 putt+ back1 be c>eful to press ! projection on ! lev] on top ( ! spr+ t holds x1 up to place1 be=e putt+ ! lev]-screw 94 ,p>k] ,d\ble-b>rel$ ,bree*-load+ ,%ot ,gun4 7,made by ,p>k] ,bro!rs1 ,m]id51 ,conn47--#a4 ,f+] piece4 #b4 ,gu>d4 #c4 ,lift]4 #d4 ,lock+ bolt screws4 #e4 ,lock+ bolt4 #f4 ,b>rel lug4 #g4 ,trip4 #h4 ,trip spr+4 #aa4 ,extractor4 #ac4 ,jo9t ,roll4 ,! f+] piece is solid & a "p ( lift]4 ,press+ up ! f+] piece 9 front ( gu>d raises ! lift]1 & its bevel$ side com+ 9 contact ) ! lock+ bolt screw1 acts z a w$ge to draw ! lock+ bolt f ! mortise 9 ! lug1 & releases ! b>rels s t !y tilt upw>d ready to receive ! c>tridges4 ,:5 ! bolt is back to ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1 ! small hole :i* is drill$ 9 ! "u side ( ! bolt comes directly ov] ! trip1 :i*1 by ! assi/ance ( ! trip spr+1 is made to ent] ! hole 9 ! bolt & !reby hold x 9 position4 ,= clean+1 x c be v easily remov$ by tak+ (f ! locks & remov+ ! lock+ bolt screw f ! end ( ! lock+ bolt1 !n press d[n on ! trip1 :i* w all[ ! lift] to be )drawn )\t remov+ ei!r /ock1 gu>d or trigg]-plate4 ,to replace ! plung]3 ,)draw ! cone ) a common screw-driv]1 by press+ x aga9/ ! plung] until ! screw-driv] ent]s ! slot4 ,aft] remov+ ! plung] & spr+1 be c>eful to replace !m ) spr+ at side ( plung]4 ,rem+ton ,d\ble-b>rel$ ,bree*-load+ ,%ot ,gun4 7,made by ,e4 ,rem+ton ,sons1 ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y47--,a1 ?umb piece2 ,b1 lev]1 engag+ lock+ bolt2 ,c1 pivot ( lev] ,b2 ,d1 lock+ po9t2 ,h1 jo9t *eck2 ,k1 pivot p92 ,l1 jo9t *eck screw1 limit+ motion ( b>rels2 ,m1 hamm] lift]2 ,n1 extractor2 ,o1 wire1 a %\ld] ( :i* re/s aga9/ ,p2 ,p1 %\ld] ( dog engag+ lock+ bolt2 ,s1 snap action spr+4 ,to take ap>t3 ,to remove ! b>rels1 take (f ! tip-/ock1 full cock bo? hamm]s & press ! ?umb-piece 7betwe5 ! hamm]s1 & us$ = unlock+ ! b>rels = load+7 upw>d z f> z x w g4 ,! b>rels c ?us be deta*$4 ,9 ,fig4 #c1 ! lock+ bolt is drawn z f> z ! %\ld] ,p w all[ x to move4 ,?is %\ld] ,p is =m$ on "o side ( a little dog1 9 ! o!r side ( :i* is a correspond+ %\ld]1 re/+ aga9/ ! wire ,o4 ,s long z ! tip-/ock is 9 place ?is dog _c yield or p]mit ! lock+-bolt to be drawn f> en\gh to all[ ! jo9t-*eck to come out ( ! mortise 9 ! frame2 b :5 ! tip-/ock is remov$1 ! wire ,o c slip "p way out1 z 9 ,fig4 #d1 all[+ ! %\ld] ,p to move back1 s t ! lock+-bolt c be drawn back cle> ( ! jo9t-*eck--?us releas+ ! b>rels4 ,! ,rop] ,f\r-%oot+ ,%ot-gun & ,rifle4 7,made by ! ,bill+s ,sp5c] ,co41 ,h>t=d1 ,conn47--,a1 frame2 ,b1 receiv]2 ,b1 h+$ lid ( receiv]2 ,c1 hamm]2 ,d1 plung]2 ,d1 head ( plung]2 ,e1 plung] l9k2 ,f1 c>tridges2 ,g1 c>ri] 9 :i* %ells are plac$2 ,h1 lev] to revolve c>ri]2 ,i1 ma9spr+2 ,j1 se>2 a1 rat*et2 b1 /irrup2 c1 l9k connect+ hamm] ) ma9spr+2 d1 p9 ( lev] ,h2 e1 pivot ( c>ri] ,g2 f1 fir+ p92 h1 ela/ic tail ( lev] ,h4 ,to take ap>t3 ,to take ! gun ap>t1 turn 9 ! set screw on "u side ( cyl9d] =w>d ( ! gu>d plate screw1 until x comes to a /op4 ,!n br+ ! hamm] to cock not* & unscrew ! cyl9d] f bree*4 ,n4 ,b4--,?is set screw turns 9 to take ! gun ap>t1 & turns out to fa/5 ! cyl9d]4 ,9 putt+ ! gun toge!r1 screw up ! bree* until ! set screw c be replac$4 ,?is screw %\ld be turn$ suffici5tly tight to prev5t any loos5ess ( ! bree*4 ,to take (f ! /ock & expose ! lock1 take out ! long screw t runs ?r\gh ! small1 re> end ( receiv] on top1 & ! screw 9 ! gu>d plate :i* fa/5s x to ! receiv] und]nea? 9 front4 ,!n remove ! /ock1 & ! work+ p>ts are expos$ & c be readily clean$ & oil$4 ,! fir+ p9 %\ld be deta*$ occasionally1 clean$ & oil$1 z its easy work+ insures c]ta9 fire4 ,to d ?is1 take out ! small screw 9 ! top ( ! hamm] & remove ! pi/on entirely f ! receiv]1 & ! pi/on & fir+ p9 are readily sep>at$4 ,9 replac+ ! pi/on1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to put x 9 "r side up1 ! retractor spr+ be+ at ! bottom4 ,nev] attempt to take out ! screw :i* fa/5s ! l9k to ! pi/on1 until ! fir+ p9 is deta*$4 ,colt's ,revolv] ,= ,army ,use1 ,cal4 #de4--7,made by ! ,colt ,pat4 ,fire ,arms ,co41 ,h>t=d1 ,conn47--,a1 b>rel2 ,b1 ,frame2 ,b1 recoil plate1 ,c1 cyl9d]2 ,,dd1 fir+ pan2 ,d1 c5t] p9 bu%+2 ,e1 gu>d2 ,f1 back /rap2 ,g1 hamm]2 ,h1 ma9 spr+2 ,i1 hamm] roll & rivet2 ,j1 hamm] screw2 ,k1 hamm] cam2 ,l1 h& & h& spr+2 ,m1 bolt & screw2 ,n1 trigg] & screw2 ,o1 hamm] not*es4 ,p1 fir+ p9 & rivet2 ,q1 ejector rod & spr+2 ,q1 ejector tube2 ,r1 ejector head2 ,s1 ejector tube screw2 ,t1 %ort gu>d screw2 ,u1 seat & bolt spr+ 7comb9$7 & screw4 ,v1 back /rap screw2 ,w1 ma9 spr+ screw2 ,x1 front sight2 ,y1 c5t] p9 cat* screw4 ,to take ap>t3 ,to dism\nt ! pi/ol1 half-cock ! hamm]1 loos5 ! c5tre p9 cat* screw2 draw out ! c5tre p91 op5 ! gate1 & ! cyl9d] c !n be )drawn4 ,to remove ! ejector1 turn out ! ejector tube screw1 !n pu% ! front end away f ! b>rel & pull x t[>ds ! muzzle4 ,! /ock c be remov$ by turn+ out ! two screws j beh9d ! hamm]1 & t at ! bottom ( ! /rap4 ,remove ! ma9 spr+ & trigg] gu>d2 ! p>ts ( ! lock c !n be readily sep>at$4 ,! cyl9d] bu%+ %\ld !n be pu%$ out = clean+4 ,to remove ! gate1 turn out a screw 9 ! l[] side ( ! frame 7hidd5 by ! trigg] gu>d71 !n ! gate spr+ & cat* c be )drawn1 & ! gate c be pu%$ out4 ,to assemble ! pi/ol1 foll[ ! directions = dism\nt+ 9 rev]se ord]4 ,! ma9spr+ is mo/ conv5i5tly m\nt$ by turn+ 9 ! screw "p way1 !n sw++ ar\nd ! front end ( ! ma9 spr+ until x be>s aga9/ ! "u side ( ! friction roll4 ,! cyl9d] bu%+ %\ld be frequ5tly remov$ = clean+4 ,nor?'s ,pat5t ,revolv+ ,pi/ol4--,to take ! pi/ol ap>t1 take out ! screw 9 ! =w>d end ( ! lock & b>rel frame1 :i* runs ?r\gh ! base-p91 !n draw back ! op]at+ lev] s z to br+ ! hamm] to ! half-cock1 turn ! cyl9d] r\nd by h& until ! mortise 9 ! back end ( ! cyl9d] is f\nd1 :i* mortise connects ! cyl9d] ) ! recoil %ield2 !n unlock ! ramm] & draw x & ! base-p9 out2 ! cyl9d] is !n left free to be tak5 out4 ,:5 ! cyl9d] is tak5 out be c>eful n to leave ! spiral spr+ :i* lays 9 a recess made 9 ! front end ( ! cyl9d]1 & 9 putt+ toge!r be c>eful to replace ?is spr+4 ,to take ! lock ap>t1 fir/ take out ! ma9 & lev] spr+s :i* are bo? held by "o screw2 !n take out ! hamm]1 next ! small screw connect+ ! lev] ) ! l9k ( ! toggle-jo9t 7?is screw is 9 ! lev] on ! outside ( ! pi/ol j back ( ! trigg]74 ,next b5d up ! toggle-jo9t & take out ! lev] & trigg]1 :i* are bo? held by "o screw2 !n take out ! toggle-jo9t & revolv+ lev]1 :i* are connect$ toge!r by two screws4 ,to put ! lock toge!r1 fir/ put 9 ! toggle-jo9t1 !n ! ma9 & lev] spr+s1 next ! hamm]1 !n ! lev] & trigg]2 next screw ! revolv+ lev] to ! toggle-jo9t4 ,to put ! cyl9d] 9 its place1 fir/ put ! recoil %ield 7! piece ) rat*ets made = turn+ ! bree*7 into its place & draw back ! op]at+ lev] s t ! hamm] w come to full cock1 at ! same "t press+ back ! recoil %ield z f> z x w g1 /ill hold+ back ! op]at+ lev]2 see t ! spiral spr+ is 9 place 9 front ( ! cyl9d]1 put ! cyl9d] 9 place1 let ! project+ p9 on ! recoil %ield come into ! mortise 9 back end ( cyl9d]2 !n put base-p9 & ramm] to place & turn 9 ! screw :i* holds x4 ,! ,rem+ton ,revolv] 7,smoot's ,pat5t1 made by ,e4 ,rem+ton ,sons1 ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y47--,to load3 ,half-cock ! hamm]2 !n turn ! cyl9d] ar\nd s z to br+ ! *amb]s 9 l9e ) ! op5+ 9 ! recoil %ield1 9 :i* position ! c>tridges c be ins]t$1 or ! empty %ells extract$ by means ( ! ramm] on ! side ( ! b>rel4 ,to remove ! cyl9d]3 ,half-cock ! hamm]1 !n slide =w>d ! /ud 9 front ( ! cyl9d] ?r\gh :i* ! extractor ramm] op]ates4 ,! cyl9d] is replac$ 9 ! same way1 b x is g5]ally necess>y to turn x 9 its seat to get ! pawl out ( ! way be=e ! c5tre p9 w ent] ! hole 9 ! cyl9d]4 ,to take ! arm ap>t = clean+3 ,remove ! cyl9d]2 !n take out ! two screws = hold+ ! gu>d to ! frame4 ,:5 ! gu>d is tak5 (f1 all ! lock "w is accessible = clean+4 ,9 ord] to keep a revolv] 9 good condition1 ! cyl9d] %\ld be tak5 out & oil$ be=e putt+ x away aft] fir+4 ,! c5tre p9 %\ld be remov$ & clean$ to prev5t x f ru/+ & imp$+ ! rotation ( ! cyl9d]4 ,! ,rem+ton ,magaz9e ,pi/ol4--7,rid]'s ,pat5t4 ,made by ,e4 ,rem+ton ,sons1 ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y47--,to load3 ,draw ! tube f ! magaz9e2 hold ! pi/ol b>rel upright2 drop ! c>tridge1 rim d[nw>ds1 into ! magaz9e2 :5 full1 ins]t ! fe$+ tube 9 ! magaz9e & lock 9 place by turn+ ! caps & engag+ cat* 9 ! not* "u ! b>rel4 ,to fire3 ,grasp ! pi/ol 9 ! usual mann]1 press ! ?umb ^u ! bree*-block1 c>ry+ ! block d[nw>d until releas$ f ! recoil %\ld]2 !n draw ! block & hamm] backw>d until ! hamm] engages 9 ! cock not*2 !n let ! block =w>d by an easy motion & ! c>tridge w be c>ri$ into ! *amb]2 ! pi/ol w rema9 at full cock & is dis*>g$ by pull+ ! trigg]4 ,9 case ! pi/ol %\ld be load$1 & cock$1 & n ne$$ = use1 ! c>tridge 9 ! *amb] may be return$ to ! magaz9e by simply draw+ back ! bree* & press+ ! c>ri] d[nw>d until ! c>tridge is 9 position to ent] ! magaz9e1 !n lett+ ! block =w>d4 ,?is is to insure safety 9 c>ry+4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is arm is su* t ! same motion cocks ! hamm] & c>ries ! *>ge f ! magaz9e to ! *amb]4 ,s*(ield1 ,smi? ,wesson ,revolv]1 cal4 #de4--7,made by ,smi? ,wesson1 ,spr+field1 ,mass47--,to dism\nt ! pi/ol3 ,! only "p ( ! pi/ol :i* w ord9>ily require removal is ! cyl9d]1 :i* c be tak5 out z foll[s3 ,turn ! cyl9d] cat* j #ahj deg41 z indicat$ by ! not* on its head2 op5 ! pi/ol2 press up ! head ( ! cat* until x cle>s ! cyl9d]2 draw out ! cyl9d]2 replace x 9 inv]se ord]4 ,to remove ! cyl9d] & ejector ( ! pocket pi/ols1 op5 ! pi/ol until ! pi/on protrudes half way1 raise ! b>rel cat* & turn ! cyl9d] two turns to ! left4 ,to replace ! cyl9d] & ejector1 op5 ! pi/ol to its full capacity1 raise ! b>rel cat*1 press ! cyl9d] =w>d ^u ! base p9 & give x two turns to ! "r4 ,! ,automatic 7,m]w91 ,hulb]t ,co47 is s simple 9 its arrangem5ts z to ne$ no directions = assembl+ or tak+ ap>t4 ,,f9is4