,illu/ration3 7cov]7 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/]n ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,f ,,trail ,,to ,,railway ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,appala*ians ,,by ,,alb]t ,,p]ry ,,brigham1 ,a4,m4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,geology ,,9 ,,colgate ,,univ]sity ,,au?or ,,( 8,,geographic ,,influ5ces ,,9 ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory0 ,,g9n ,,& ,,company ,,bo/on ,,new ,,york ,,*icago ,,london ,,atlanta ,,dallas ,,columbus ,,san ,,francisco ,,copyright1 #aijg1 ,,by ,,alb]t ,,p]ry ,,brigham ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ #fba4a ,! ,a!num ,press ,,g9n ,,& ,,company ,,proprietors ,,bo/on ,u4,s4,a4 ,,preface ,?is book gr[s out ( ! conviction t geography 9 ! s*ools mu/ return some:at to human int]e/s4 ,9 say+ ?is ! au?or w sc>cely ne$ to def5d himself aga9/ ! *>ge ( und]valu+ physiography4 ,x is only a "q ( wise adaptation to y\?ful /ud5ts4 ,elem5t>y hi/ory also ne$s to be plac$ 9 its sett+ ( physical conditions4 ,x is "h attempt$ to promote bo? ^! objects 9 ! /udy ( ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if geography & hi/ory c be well correlat$1 bo? ( ^! great !mes may be taught ) economy ( "t & ) /rong] int]e/4 ,mu* m might be said conc]n+ ! gr[? ( c5t]s1 ! agriculture1 & ! comm]ce1 b ! limits ( space are rigid4 ,h5ce roads & we/w>d movem5ts h be5 made ! ma9 topic4 ,! geography is n taught =mally1 b is wov5 9 ) ! /ory4 ,c>e has be5 giv5 to ! maps ( ! sev]al regions1 t !y %\ld cle>ly express ! ess5tials & avoid ! vagu5ess ( _m small-scale repres5tations ( ! ,appala*ian belt4 ,a4 ,p4 ,b4 ,,colgate ,,univ]sity ,octob]1 #aijf ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,bo/on ,,& ,,! ,,b]k%ires #a ,,ii4 ,,pione]s ,,( ,,! ,,mohawk ,,& ,,! ,,hudson #ad ,,iii4 ,,oriskany1 ,a ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,revolution #bi ,,iv4 ,,! ,,erie ,,canal #dj ,v4 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,railway #ec ,,vi4 ,,old ,,j\rneys ,,f ,,philadelphia ,,to ,,! ,,we/ #fc ,,vii4 ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad #gd ,,viii4 ,,! ,,national ,,road #hf ,,ix4 ,,! ,,baltimore ,,& ,,ohio ,,railroad #ih ,x4 ,,cities ,,( ,,! ,,ohio ,,valley #aaa ,,xi4 ,,! ,,great ,,valley #abi ,,xii4 ,,to ,,k5tucky ,,by ,,! ,,cumb]l& ,,gap #adb ,,xiii4 ,,fronti] ,,soldi]s ,,& ,,/atesm5 #aee ,,xiv4 ,,cities ,,( ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,m\nta9s #afg ,,index #ahc ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,figure ,,page #a4 ,cun>d ,/eam%ip #c #b4 ,union ,/ation1 ,spr+field #f #c4 ,de]field ,valley1 ,*>lemont1 ,mass4 #h #d4 ,ea/]n ,portal ( ,hoosac ,tunnel #aa #e4 ,s\? ,/ation1 ,bo/on #ab #f4 ,h5ry ,hudson #af #g4 ,sir ,william ,johnson #bj #h4 ,g5esee ,/reet1 ,utica #bc #i4 ,old ,=t ,johnson1 ,am/]dam1 ,new ,york #bf #aj4 ,oriskany ,battle ,monum5t #cj #aa4 ,h]kim] direct+ ! ,battle ( ,oriskany #cc #ab4 ,h]kim]'s ,monum5t & ,mansion #cf #ac4 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton #dc #ad4 ,erie ,canal1 ,utica #df #ae4 ,erie ,canal1 ,syracuse #dh #af4 ,travel+ by ,packet on ! ,erie ,canal #ej #ag4 ,erie ,canal & ,solvay ,works1 ,syracuse #ea #ah4 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,tra9 #ed #ai4 ,tw5tie? ,c5tury ,limit$ #eg #bj4 ,r\nd+ ! ,noses1 ,mohawk ,valley #ei #ba4 ,p5n ,squ>e1 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania #fe #bb4 ,bridge ov] ,cone/oga ,creek1 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania #fg #bc4 ,tollh\se ne> ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania #fh #bd4 ,hambright's ,hotel1 on ! 8,lanca/] ,pike0 #gj #be4 ,old ,road ,h\se1 ,*amb]sburg1 ,p5nsylvania #ga #bf4 ,freight ,locomotive1 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad #ge #bg4 ,tunnel1 ,portage ,railway #gf #bh4 ,broad ,/reet ,/ation1 ,philadelphia #gg #bi4 ,bridge1 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 above ,h>risburg #gi #cj4 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,%ops1 ,altoona #hj #ca4 ,horse%oe ,curve1 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad #ha #cb4 ,rock ,cut1 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad #hd #cc4 ,tollh\se ne> ,br[nsville1 ,p5nsylvania #hg #cd4 ,mile/one1 ,braddock's ,road1 ,fro/burg1 ,m>yl& #ij #ce4 ,old ,road ,h\se1 ,br[nsville1 ,p5nsylvania #ib #cf4 ,cumb]l& & ,gap 9 ,wills ,m\nta9 #ie #cg4 ,bridge & ,monum5t1 ,national ,road1 ne> ,:eel+1 ,we/ ,virg9ia #if #ch4 ,m\nt ,royal ,/ation1 ,baltimore #ii #ci4 ,*esapeake & ,ohio ,canal1 ,cumb]l& #ajj #dj4 ,highe/ ,po9t on ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad1 ,s& ,pat*1 ,p5nsylvania #ajc #da4 ,d[n ! ,potomac f ,h>p]s ,f]ry #ajf #db4 ,coke ,ov5s1 ,mey]sdale1 ,p5nsylvania #ajh #dc4 ,! ,obs]vation ,end1 ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad #aaj #dd4 ,old ,blockh\se1 ,pittsburg #aab #de4 ,pittsburg #aae #df4 ,coal ,b>ges1 ,pittsburg #aai #dg4 ,pittsburg at ,night #abj #dh4 ,furnaces ne> ,pittsburg #aba #di4 ,riv] ,front1 ,c9c9nati #abe #ej4 ,luray1 ,%5&oah ,valley #aca #ea4 ,james ,riv] ,gap 9 ! ,blue ,ridge #acd #eb4 ,hilly ,f>m ,l&s1 ne> ,knoxville #acf #ec4 ,great ,valley1 f ! ,p9nacle1 ,cumb]l& ,gap #aci #ed4 ,cumb]l& ,gap f ! ,ea/ #adc #ee4 ,daniel ,boone #ade #ef4 ,p9eville ,gap1 ,cumb]l& ,riv] #adg #eg4 ,cornfield ne> ,cumb]l& ,gap #aej #eh4 ,k5tucky ,blue ,grass #aeb #ei4 ,?ree ,/ates ,monum5t1 ,cumb]l& ,gap #aec #fj4 ,george ,rog]s ,cl>k #aeg #fa4 ,on ! ,fr5* ,broad #aei #fb4 ,john ,sevi] #afb #fc4 ,james ,rob]tson #afd #fd4 ,sevi] ,monum5t1 ,knoxville #afe #fe4 ,old ,/ateh\se1 ,knoxville #aff #ff4 ,/reet 9 ,knoxville #afh #fg4 ,on ! ,campus1 ,univ]sity ( ,t5nessee #afi #fh4 ,m>ble ,qu>ry ne> ,knoxville #aga #fi4 ,/ateh\se1 ,na%ville #agc #gj4 ,*attanooga f ,cam]on ,hill #age #ga4 ,broad ,/reet1 ,atlanta #agg #gb4 ,fulton ,bag & ,cotton ,mills1 ,atlanta #agh #gc4 ,georgia ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 ,atlanta #agi #gd4 ,iron ,furnace1 ,birm+ham #ahj ,,maps ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates ,frontispiece ,new ,engl& #d ,new ,york #bf ,p5nsylvania #fd ,s\!rn ,appala*ian ,region #acb ,,f ,,trail ,,to ,,railway ,,*apt] ,i ,,bo/on ,,& ,,! ,,b]k%ires ,f ! "t ( ! settlem5t ( ,massa*usetts ,bo/on has _h a l>ge %>e ( ! bus9ess ( ! c\ntry4 ,h] natural advantages are great4 ,on ! "o h& !re is h] h>bor1 %elt]$ by _m isl&s f ! /orms ( ! ,atlantic2 on ! o!r are tidal riv]s & level highways lead+ to ! int]ior ( ! /ate4 ,em]son1 :o 0 born 9 ,bo/on1 wrote3 ,ea* /reet leads d[nw>d to ! sea1 ,or l&w>d to ! we/4 ,= g5]ations1 z ! city has gr[n1 h] p h be5 cr[d+ back ! ocean by fill+ 9 ! %all[s1 & n[ h] busy /reets ext5d ov] acres ( 8made l&10 :ile f ! s\?1 ! we/1 & ! nor?1 l9es ( railway connect h] ) all p>ts ( ,am]ica4 ,n _m ye>s aft] ! ,w> ( ! ,revolution a ,bo/on m]*ant %ip w5t ar\nd ! _w4 ,%e took on bo>d a native at ,hawaii1 sold h] load ( furs 9 ,canton1 r\nd$ ,cape ,horn1 & an*or$ at l5g? 9 ,bo/on h>bor4 ,s great an a*ievem5t did ?is seem t ,gov]nor ,hancock & ! p said f9e ?+s & made m]ry4 ,?is little %ip 0 eighty-?ree feet long1 & y c\ld measure (f sev5 or eight times h] l5g? on "o ( ! big l9]s ( to-day4 ,lat] ! same %ip set sail aga91 & on ! we/ coa/ ( ,am]ica1 9 "o ( ! r\ghe/ seas1 h] ma/]1 ,capta9 ,gray1 saw ! m\? ( a great riv]4 ,he 0 det]m9$ to ent] x4 ,hav+ cross$ ! break]s1 he sail$ up ! riv] m ?an tw5ty miles1 & to-day x be>s ! "n ( 8 %ip1 ! ,columbia4 ,bo/on 0 rea*+ out into ! wide _w4 ,_m ye>s lat] ?is discov]y _h mu* to d ) secur+ ! rights ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ,oregon c\ntry aga9/ ! claims ( ,great ,brita94 ,"y lads (t5 w5t out on ^! voyages1 & ! tra9+ made !m /rong m54 ,!re 7 dang]s on ! ocean !n :i* to-day we d n fe>1 = pirates /ill lay 9 wait = m]*antm5 & =eign p[]s took lib]ties ) ,am]ican %ips4 ,"o vessel se5 9 ,bo/on h>bor 0 nam$ ,cat*-me-if-y-c4 ,_m ye>s lat]1 :5 ,mr4 ,samuel ,cun>d ( ,halifax took a contract to c>ry ! royal mail betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,am]ica1 !re 0 an imm$iate prote/ f ! ,bo/on m]*ants aga9/ end+ ! voyage at ,halifax4 ,!y urg$ ! great comm]cial advantage ( hav+ ! %ips run we/w>d to ,bo/on aft] /opp+ at ,halifax1 & s p[]ful 7 ^! argum5ts t ! fir/ ,cun>d l9]s came /eam+ into ,massa*usetts bay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,cun>d ,,/eam%ips ,,:i* ,,sail ,,f ,,bo/on ,,to-,,day ,?is 0 n pleasant = ,new ,york p1 :o tri$ to %[ t !irs 0 ! bett] port4 ,z if to help 9 ! fight aga9/ ,bo/on1 ! h>bor froze ov] 9 ! w9t] ( #ahdd1 & ! ,cun>d %ip1 ! ,britannia1 c\ld n sail4 ,det]m9$ to hold _! own1 ! ,bo/on p engag$ ,fr$]ick ,tudor1 a great export] ( ice1 to br+ 8 ma*9]y f ! fre%-wat] ponds & cut a way4 ,he soon made a lane ( op5 wat]1 & ! ,britannia sail$ out = ,liv]pool4 ,:ile ocean trade 0 gr[+ mu* _h be5 done on ! l&4 ,settlem5ts 7 fir/ made at ,plym\?1 ,salem1 & ,bo/on1 & z soon z possible ! r\gh =e/ trails jo9+ ^! t[ns 7 *ang$ into roads4 ,_m f]ries & bridges 7 ne$$ to cross ! /reams1 & roads 7 c>ri$ back into ! c\ntry z ! p settl$ f>!r f ! sea4 ,aft] ,provid5ce 0 begun1 9 ! ,n>ragansett c\ntry1 & ! ri* l&s along ! ,connecticut 7 settl$1 !re 0 ne$ ( roads across ! hills ( ,massa*usetts1 s t ! coloni/s c\ld visit ea* o!r1 ex*ange lett]s1 & ?us be less expos$ to dang] f savages 9 ! great ,am]ican wild]ness4 ,! highway lead+ along ! ea/ coa/ 0 call$ ,bay ,road4 ,a po/ rid] w5t betwe5 ,bo/on & ,new ,york 9 #agjd1 & a r\gh pa? he _h to travel4 ,x 0 ?\ght rem>kable1 f\r ye>s lat]1 t a woman1 ,madam ,s>ah ,knights1 made t j\rney4 ,%e aft]w>ds taught s*ool 9 ,bo/on1 & ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 0 "o ( h] pupils4 ,somebody scrat*$ ^! l9es on a w9d[ pane 9 h] s*oolroom3 ,?r\gh _m toils & _m frights ,i h return$1 poor ,s>ah ,knights2 ,ov] great rocks & _m /ones1 ,god has pres]v$ f fractur$ bones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,new ,,engl& ,,bo/on ,,& ,,ma9e ,,railroad 7,,fit*burg ,,division7 ------ ,,bo/on ,,& ,,albany ,,railroad ,!re is no d\bt ab\t ! 8great rocks & _m /ones0 ( ,new ,engl&1 b ar\nd ,bo/on1 at any rate1 "o usually sees !m n[ at a safe di/ance4 ,9 we/]n ,massa*usetts is ! great ,b]k%ire c\ntry4 ,?r\gh mo/ ( its l5g? ! ,h\satonic riv] runs to ! s\?w>d4 ,at ! nor? ! ,hoosick riv] fl[s f x1 across a corn] ( ,v]mont1 to ! ,hudson4 ,on ! fir/ is beautiful ,pittsfield1 & on ! second is busy ,nor? ,adams ) its mills4 ,9 sight ev]y:]e are ! m\nta9s1 n v high & usually cov]$ ) =e/1 b sometimes bold & rocky4 ,f>!r nor? we %\ld call !m ! ,gre5 m\nta9s1 b "h we "n !m ! ,b]k%ires4 ,! ea/]n range1 :i* sep>ates ! ,h\satonic valley on ! we/ f ! ,connecticut valley on ! ea/1 is ,hoosac m\nta91 ( :i* we %all he> aga94 ,^! long ranges ( m\nta9s run f nor? to s\?1 & :ile x 0 easy to foll[ ! valleys betwe5 !m1 x 0 h>d to g across !m f ea/ to we/ or f we/ to ea/4 ,bo/on & all ! *ief t[ns ( ,new ,engl& lay ea/w>d1 & ! re/ ( ! c\ntry 0 we/ ( ! m\nta9s4 ,if a ,massa*usetts family wi%$ to settle 9 ! f]tile l&s ( we/]n ,new ,york or ,ohio1 !y _h to cross ! m\nta9s4 ,9 our day ! m\nta9 region is full ( t[ns & beautiful summ] homes1 b !n x 0 a wild]ness :i* 9 places 0 almo/ impassable4 ,if x 0 difficult to make a s+le j\rney betwe5 ! ,connecticut riv] & ! ,hudson1 x 0 q out ( ! "q to c>ry gra9 & fruit f ! ,we/ to ,bo/on1 & to br+ back 9 ex*ange ! goods made 9 h] factories4 ,ne> ,pittsfield1 9 ! he>t ( ! ,b]k%ires1 rises ! ,we/field riv]1 :i* has cut a deep valley ea/w>d ?r\gh ! m\nta9s4 ,opposite ! place :]e ?is /ream ent]s ! ,connecticut ! beautiful city ( ,spr+field has n[ gr[n up1 p>tly on ! l[ gr\nds & p>tly on a t]race4 ,x is readily se5 t ! ,we/field valley =ms a natural roadway f "h we/w>d to ,pittsfield1 & on t[>d ,albany & ! ,mohawk 9 ,new ,york4 ,we _c say t ! valley 0 made = ! cities1 b ! cities 7 made1 9 "p at lea/1 because ! valley 0 !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,union ,,railway ,,/ation1 ,,spr+field1 ,,massa*usetts ,! fir/ roads t improv$ on ! ,indian trails 71 ( c\rse1 made = wagons4 ,! gorge ( ! ,we/field 0 s rugg$ t a hundr$ ye>s ago x seem$ almo/ impossible to make a good wagon road ?r\gh x4 ,!re 7 "s p1 h[ev]1 :o ?\ght t x c\ld be done & :o det]m9$ to d x4 ,_! c\rage won1 & be=e long !re 0 a good highway all along ! ro>+ riv]4 ,! b[ld]s 7 roll$ out ( ! way1 ! trees 7 cut1 ! roadb$ 0 made1 & p c\ld g ea/ & we/ 9 ! /ages )\t risk ( los+ _! lives or ev5 ( break+ _! bones4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ soon aft] #ahbe1 b x did n solve all ! problems ( ! ,massa*usetts p1 =1 z we %all soon le>n fully1 ! ,erie canal 0 f9i%$ 9 t ye>1 & a long /r+ ( canal boats began to c>ry produce f ! ,we/ to ,new ,york4 ,! good p ( ,bo/on wat*$ all ?is go+ on4 ,e load ( gra9 0 head$ /raight ea/w>d z if x 7 com+ to ,massa*usetts bay1 !nce to g by vessel to ,europe4 ,b :5 x rea*$ ! ,hudson x 0 sure to turn (f d[n t riv] to help load %ips at ! pi]s ( ,new ,york4 ,& ,new ,engl& _h only a wagon road across ! m\nta9s6 ,a wagon road w nev] draw trade away f a tidal riv]1 & ?us we c und]/& :y a prom95t ,massa*usetts man1 ,*>les ,francis ,adams1 spoke ( ! ,hudson z 8a riv] s fatal to ,bo/on40 ,bo/on might h all ! %ips %e want$1 b if %e c\ld n get c>goes = !m !y w\ld be ( no use4 ,%ip[n]s1 see+ t !re 0 pl5ty ( we/]n freight 9 ,new ,york1 s5t _! boats !re4 ,x 0 inde$ "t t ,bo/on p began to ask !mselves :at !y c\ld d4 ,!y /ill _h %ips1 b ^! 7 usually 8d[n ,ea/0 coa/]s1 & ! noble vessels f f> ea/]n ports1 lad5 ) spices & teas1 silks1 & all ! spoils ( ,europe & ,asia1 r>ely came to ,bo/on1 b br\ght m & great] loads to ,new ,york & ,baltimore1 :]e !y c\ld lay 9 corn & :eat = ! return voyage4 ,ev5 ! ,cun>ds transf]r$ mo/ ( _! boats & f9ally all _! mail /eam]s to ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,! ,,valley ,,( ,,de]field ,,riv] ,,at ,,*>lemont1 ,,massa*usetts1 ,,on ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,bo/on ,,& ,,ma9e ,,railroad ,! p ( ,bo/on fir/ said1 8,we w build ano!r canal1 up ! ,hoosick & d[n ! ,de]field valley1 & !n ! canal boats w keep on to ! ea/40 ,z /ates (t5 d1 !y appo9t$ a commission to see if ! canal c\ld be built1 & :at x w\ld co/4 ,b :at 7 !y to d ab\t ,hoosac m\nta91 :i* /ood a ?\s& feet high1 ( solid rock1 betwe5 ! ,hoosick valley on ! we/ & ! ,de]field valley on ! ea/8 ,!y decid$ t !y w\ld tunnel x = ! wat] way4 ,r /rangely !y ?\ght x c\ld be done = a little less ?an a million doll>s4 ,a wise eng9e] made ! survey = ! canal1 & :5 he rem>k$1 8,x seems z if ! f+] ( ,provid5ce _h po9t$ out ?is r\te f ! ea/ to ! we/10 "s "o :o /ood ne> repli$1 8,x's a great pity t ! same f+] wasn't ?ru/ ?r\gh ! m\nta940 ,! plans = ! canal 7 f9ally giv5 up1 & ?\gh _m ye>s lat] su* a tunnel 0 made1 x 0 n = a canal1 nor 0 ! "w done = a million doll>s4 ,e "o 0 talk+ n[ ( railways1 b few ?\ght t rails c\ld be laid across ! ,b]k%ires4 ,x 0 ev5 said 9 a ,bo/on pap] t su* a road c\ld nev] be built to ,albany2 t x w\ld co/ z mu* to d x z all ,massa*usetts w\ld sell =2 & t if x %\ld be f9i%$1 ev]ybody ) common s5se knew x w\ld be z useless z a railroad f ,bo/on to ! moon4 ,we ne$ n be too h>d on ?is writ]1 = x 0 five ye>s lat] :5 ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton tra9 climb$ ! hill f ,albany & c>ri$ its h&ful ( pass5g]s to ,s*5ectady4 ,"o ( ! fri5ds ( ! railway s*eme 0 ,abn] ,phelps4 ,:5 he 0 a s5ior at ,williams ,college1 9 #ahjf1 he _h ?\ght ( x1 = he _h he>d ab\t ! tram c>s 9 ! ,engli% coal regions4 ,9 #ahbf he became a memb] ( ! legislature ( ,massa*usetts1 & ! second day he 0 !re he propos$ t ! road %\ld be built4 ,9 "t ! project w5t ?r\gh1 b at fir/ x 0 plann$ to pull ! c>s ) horses1 & on ! d[n grades to take ! horses on ! c>s & let !m ride4 ,we d n "k h[ x 0 int5d$ t ! c>s %\ld be held back1 = x 0 long be=e ! inv5tion ( air brakes4 ,! l9e 0 built to its we/]n end on ! ,hudson 9 #ahdb1 & ?us ,bo/on1 ,worce/]1 ,spr+field1 & ,albany 7 b\nd toge!r by iron rails4 ,!re 0 only a s+le track & ! grades 7 heavy4 ,! road br\ght little trade to ,bo/on1 & mo/ ( ! goods f ! ,we/ /ill w5t by way ( ! ,hudson to ,new ,york4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 a beg9n+1 & x %[$ t ! m\nta9 wall c\ld be cross$4 ,! subject ( a ,hoosac tunnel n[ came up aga94 ,x w\ld take a long "t to tell h[ ! tunnel 0 made2 inde$1 x 0 a long "t 9 mak+4 ,x 0 begun 9 #ahej or soon aft]w>ds1 & ! "w w5t sl[ly1 ) _m /ops & mis=tunes1 s t ! hole ?r\gh ! m\nta9 0 n f9i%$ until ,novemb] #bg1 #ahgc4 ,on t day ! la/ bla/ 0 set (f1 :i* made ! op5+ f ! ea/ to ! we/ side2 & ! fir/ regul> pass5g] tra9 ran ?r\gh ,july #h1 #ahge1 fifty ye>s aft] x _h be5 plann$ to make a canal "u ! m\nta94 ,9 ord] to help on ! "w ! eng9e]s sunk a %aft a ?\s& feet deep f ! top ( ! m\nta9 to ! level ( ! tunnel1 & f ! bottom work$ ea/ & we/4 ,?is gave !m f\r faces1 or 8head+s10 on :i* to "w1 in/ead ( two1 & ha/5$ ! f9i%+4 ,! :ole co/ 0 ab\t f\rte5 million doll>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,ea/]n ,,portal ,,( ,,! ,,hoosac ,,tunnel1 ,,bo/on ,,& ,,ma9e ,,railroad ,x took great skill to s9k ! %aft on j ! "r l9e1 & to make ! p>ts ( ! tunnel exactly meet1 z ! m5 work$ 9 f opposite directions4 ,!y br\ght ! ends toge!r "u ! m\nta9 ) a diff]5ce ( only five sixte5?s ( an in*6 ,y c measure ?is on a f+] nail & see h[ mu* x is4 ,! trem5d\s task 0 successfully accompli%$1 & ,bo/on 0 no long] %ut (f f ! re/ ( ! c\ntry by ! m\nta9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,! ,,s\? ,,/ation1 ,,bo/on ,! end ( x all is n t ,bo/on has won all ! %ips away f ,new ,york1 b t gradually %e has be5 gett+ h] %>e4 ,n[ %e has great ,cun>d]s1 ,:ite ,/> ,l9]s1 & ! ,leyl& boats1--all giant %ips sail+ = ,liv]pool1--& _m o!r /ately vessels b\nd = s\!rn ports or =eign l&s4 ,n[ y may see 9 ,bo/on h>bor n a =e/ ( ma/s b great funnels pa9t$ to %[ ! l9es to :i* ! boats belong1 & m>k+ a gr&] comm]ce ?an t :i* put out = ! ,indies long ye>s ago2 = to-day ,bo/on is ! second ,am]ican port4 ,! great freight y>ds ( ! railways are close ^u ! docks1 & travel]s f ! ,we/ may come into ei!r ( two great /ations1 "o ( :i* is ! l>ge/ railway t]m9al 9 ! _w4 ,9 & ab\t ,bo/on are m ?an a million p1 rea*+ out ) "o h& = ! ri*es ( ! great l& to ! we/1 & ) ! o!r pass+ !m ov] ! seas to ! nations on ! f>!r side4 ,man has tak5 a l& ( d5se =e/s1 /ony hills1 & wild valleys1 & subdu$ x4 ,x is dott$ ) cities1 cross$ by roads1 & is "o ( ! great gateways ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,pione]s ,,( ,,! ,,mohawk ,,& ,,! ,,hudson ,if a /rang] f a di/ant l& %\ld come to ,new ,york1 he might take an elevat$ tra9 at ! ,batt]y & ride to ! upp] end ( ,h>lem4 ,he w\ld !n h se5 ,manhattan isl&1 s nam$ by ! ,indians1 :o b ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago built _! wigwams !re & paddl$ _! canoes 9 ! wat]s :]e great %ips n[ wait = _! c>goes4 ,if ! visitor %\ld /ay = a "t1 he might f9d t ,h>lem us$ to be spell$ ,ha>lem1 f a fam\s old t[n 9 ,holl&4 ,he might walk ?r\gh ,bleeck] /reet1 or ,cortl&t /reet1 or see ,/uyvesant squ>e1 & le>n t ^! h>d names belong$ to old ,dut* families2 & if he /udi$ hi/ory1 he w\ld f9d t ! t[n 0 once call$ ,new ,am/]dam & 0 settl$ by ,dut*m5 f ,holl&4 ,!y nam$ ! riv] on ! we/ ( ! isl& ! ,great ,nor? riv]1 to di/+ui% x f ! ,delaw>e1 or ,great ,s\? riv]1 & !y plann$ to keep all ! l& ab\t ^! two /reams & to call x ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,rocks & trees cov]$ mo/ ( ,manhattan isl& at t "t1 b ! ,dut* _h a small village at its s\? end1 :]e !y built a =t & set up w9dmills1 :i* gr\nd ! corn & made ! place look l a t[n 9 ,holl&4 ,! ,indians did n l ! w9dmills ) _! 8big tee? bit+ ! corn 9 pieces10 b !y 7 usually fri5dly ) ! settl]s1 sometimes sitt+ be=e ! fireplaces 9 ! h\ses & eat+ supawn1 or mu% & milk1 ) _! :ite fri5ds4 ,little did ! ,indian dream :at a b>ga9 he (f]$ to ! :ite man :5 he cons5t$ to sell ! :ole isl& = a sum equal to tw5ty-f\r doll>s2 & ! ,dut*man1 to d him ju/ice1 0 equally ignorant4 ,all ?is came ab\t because ,h5ry ,hudson ) a ,dut* vessel1 ! ,half ,moon1 _h sail$ into ! h>bor 9 #afji1 & _h explor$ ! riv] = a long di/ance f its m\?4 ,hudson 0 an ,engli%man1 b ) mo/ p he has _h to pass = a ,dut*man4 ,he has come d[n 9 /ories z ,h5drick in/ead ( ,h5ry1 no d\bt because he comm&$ a %ip belong+ to a ,dut* company1 & because a ,dut* colony 0 soon plant$ at ! m\? ( ! riv] :i* he discov]$4 ,hudson sp5t a mon? ( e>ly autumn ab\t ,manhattan & on ! riv] :i* aft]w>ds took 8 "n4 ,sail+ 0 easy1 = ! *annel is cut s deep into ! l& t ! tides1 :i* rise & fall on ! ocean bord] by day & night1 pu% f> up ! ,hudson & make x l an inl& sea4 ,9 :at we call ! ,highl&s ,hudson f\nd ! riv] n>r[1 ) rocky cliffs ris+ f> above him4 ,beyond he saw l[l&s cov]$ ) trees1 & /ret*+ we/ to ! foot ( ! ,catskill m\nta9s4 ,he w5t at lea/ z f> z ! place :]e ,albany n[ /&s1 b !re he f\nd ! wat] %all[ & turn$ 8 %ip ab\t1 giv+ up ! idea ( rea*+ ! ,indies by go+ t way4 ,he did n "k t a few miles to ! we/ a deep valley lies op5 ?r\gh ! m\nta9s1 a valley :i* is n[ full ( busy p & is m important = travel & trade ?an a doz5 nor?we/ passages to ,*9a w\ld be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,h5ry ,,hudson ,x 0 n long be=e ?is valley :i* leads to ! we/ 0 f\nd1 & by a real ,dut*man4 ,only five ye>s aft] ,hudson's voyage ,dut* trad]s built a =t ne> ! spot :]e ,albany n[ /&s4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 9 #afbd1 ! fir/ settl]s came & f\nd$ ,=t ,orange1 :i* is n[ ,albany4 ,ar5t ,van ,curl] came ov] f ,holl& 9 #afcj & made 8 home ne> ,=t ,orange4 ,he 0 an able man & became fri5dly ) ! ,indians4 ,!y call$ him 8,bro!r ,corle>0 & spoke ( him z _! 8good fri5d40 ,a few ye>s ago a di>y kept by ,van ,curl] 0 f\nd 9 an old ,dut* g>ret1 :]e x _h la9 = two hundr$ & sixty ye>s4 ,x told ! /ory ( a j\rney t he made 9 #afcd1 only f\r ye>s aft] he came to ,am]ica4 ,sett+ out on ,decemb] #aa1 he travel$ up ! valley ( ! ,mohawk until he rea*$ ! home ( ! ,oneida ,indians 9 c5tral ,new ,york4 ,he /ay$ ) !m ne>ly two weeks1 & !n return$ to ,=t ,orange1 :]e he arriv$ on ,janu>y #ai4 ,?is is ! e>lie/ record ( a :ite man's j\rney ?r\gh a region :i* n[ conta9s l>ge t[ns & is trav]s$ by _m railway tra9s e day 9 ! ye>4 ,no "o kn[s h[ long !re _h be5 ,indians & ,indian trails 9 ! ,mohawk valley4 ,^! trails ,van ,curl] foll[$1 (t5 com+ ^u "s ( ! r$ m5 !mselves1 & visit+ !m 9 a fri5dly way4 ,!y1 z well z ! :ite settl]s :o foll[$ !m1 *ose ! flat1 ri* l&s along ! riv]1 = "h x 0 easy to beat a pa?1 & ) _! b>k canoes !y c\ld travel & fi%4 ,! ,indians ent]ta9$ ,van ,curl] ) bak$ pumpk9s1 turkey1 be> meat1 & v5ison4 ,z ! turkey is an ,am]ican bird1 we may be sure t x 0 new to ! ,dut* explor]4 ,^! ,indians1 ) :om ,van ,curl] & all ! ,new ,york coloni/s _h mu* to d1 7 ( sev]al tribes1--! ,mohawks1 ,oneidas1 ,onondagas1 ,cayugas1 & ,s5ecas4 ,all toge!r !y 7 kn[n z ! ,iroquois 7r--kwoi71 or ,iroquois ,nation1 a k9d ( conf$]ation :i* met 9 c\ncil & w5t =? toge!r to w>4 ,!y call$ _! five-fold league ,! ,long ,h\se1 f ! /yle ( dwell+ :i* 0 common among !m1--a long h\se 9 :i* z _m z tw5ty families sometimes liv$4 ,! ,iroquois built villages1 cultivat$ plots ( l&1 & sometimes plant$ apple or*>ds4 ,!y 7 (t5 eloqu5t orators & always fi]ce fight]s4 ,among ! surr\nd+ tribes !y 7 greatly fe>$4 ,!y sail$ on lake ,ont>io & lake ,erie 9 _! bir*-b>k canoes1 & !y foll[$ ! trails f> ea/w>d d[n ! ,mohawk valley4 ,be=e ! :ite m5 came ^! fi]ce w>riors occasionally invad$ ,new ,engl&1 to ! t]ror ( ! weak] tribes4 ,sometimes !y foll[$ up _! conque/s by exact+ a tribute ( wampum4 ,aft] ,=t ,orange 0 f\nd$ !y w5t !re ) _! packs ( beav] sk9s & o!r furs to trade = clo!s & tr9kets4 ,9 fact ! :ite man's pr9cipal int]e/ = _m ye>s 0 to b>t] = furs4 ,! ,dut*1 & soon aft]w>ds ! ,engli%1 bid = ! trade f _! settlem5ts on ! ,hudson1 & ! ,fr5* did ! same f _! =ts on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ! ,great ,lakes4 ,?us !re 0 mu* lett] writ+ & mu* fight+ among ! coloni/s1 :ile ea* side tri$ to make fri5ds ( ! ,indians & get ! :ole ( ! fur trade4 ,! result 0 t ei!r 9 w> or 9 trade ! :ite m5 & ! savages 7 always go+ up & d[n ! ,mohawk valley1 :i* ?us 0 a well-travel$ pa? long be=e !re 7 turnpike roads1 canals1 or /eam c>s4 ,:5 ,van ,curl] made 8 j\rney into ! ,indian c\ntry1 he did n rea* ! ,mohawk riv] at once on leav+ ,=t ,orange1 b travel$ = ab\t sixte5 miles across a s&y & half-b>r5 /ret* ( scrubby p9e woods4 ,he came d[n to ! riv] :]e its ri* bottom l&s spread out widely & :]e sev]al l>ge isl&s are inclos$ by p>ts ( ! /ream4 ,s\? & ea/ ( ^! flats are ! s& b>r5s1 & on ! we/ are high hills ?r\gh :i*1 by a deep1 n>r[ gap1 ! ,mohawk fl[s4 ,! ,indians call$ ?is place 8,s*on[e10 or 8gateway40 ,x 0 well nam$1 = ent]+ by ?is gate "o c g to ! foot ( ! ,rocky m\nta9s )\t climb+ any heights4 ,a few ye>s be=e 8 dea? ,van ,curl] l$ a small b& ( coloni/s f ,=t ,orange1 b\ght ! 8great flats0 f ! ,mohawk ,indians1 & f\nd$ a t[n1 call+ x ,s*5ectady1 :i* is ! old ,indian "n *ang$ 9 its spell+4 ,no easy "t did ^! settl]s h1 = !irs 0 = _m ye>s ! fronti] t[n & !y nev] knew :5 ho/ile savages might come d[n ^u !m to burn _! h\ses & take _! scalps4 ,9 #afij1 tw5ty-eight ye>s aft] ! t[n 0 f\nd$1 a company ( ,fr5* & ,indians f ,montreal surpris$ ,s*5ectady 9 ! night1 burn$ mo/ ( ! h\ses1 & kill$ ab\t sixty ( ! p1 tak+ o!rs captive4 ,b ,dut*m5 r>ely give up an und]tak+1 & !y soon rebuilt _! t[n4 ,x 0 an important place1 = "h 0 ! end ( ! 8c>ry0 ov] ! p9e b>r5s f ! ,hudson1 & "h began ! navigation ( ! riv]1 :i* = a hundr$ ye>s 0 ! be/ means ( c>ry+ supplies up ! valley & into c5tral ,new ,york4 ,! travel] ( to-day on ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railway sees on ,van ,curl]'s 8great flats0 ! fl\ri%+ city ( ,s*5ectady1 ) its %ops & h\ses1 its college1 & its va/ factories = ! manufacture ( locomotives & electrical supplies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,sir ,,william ,,johnson ,see ,=t ,johnson1 ,fig4 #i ,x is true t ! ,dut* pione]s play$ an important "p 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! /ate & are /ill widely repres5t$ by _! desc5dants 9 ! ,mohawk valley1 b ! lead+ _s ( colonial days on ! riv] 0 a native ( ,irel& :o came :5 a "y man to manage 8 uncle's e/ates 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is 0 9 #agch1 ne>ly fifty ye>s aft] ! ,s*5ectady massacre4 ,! "y man1 :o 0 9 ! confid5ce ( ! gov]nor ( ,new ,york & ( ! k+ z well1 is kn[n to all read]s ( ,am]ican hi/ory z ,sir ,william ,johnson4 ,he built a f9e /one mansion a %ort di/ance we/ ( ! pres5t city ( ,am/]dam & liv$ !re _m ye>s4 ,he also f\nd$ ,john/[n1 a few miles to ! nor?1 n[ a ?riv+ little city4 ,he dealt hone/ly ) ! ,indians1 :5 _m tri$ to get _! l&s by fraud1 & he s]v$ z a high (fic] 9 ! ,fr5* & ,indian w>s4 ,z ! ,dut* settl$ ! l[] ,mohawk valley1 s ! upp] p>ts 7 tak5 up & ! =e/s cle>$ by ,yankees f ,new ,engl&4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,hugh ,:ite1 a /urdy man ) sev]al gr[n *ildr54 ,he left ,middlet[n1 ,connecticut1 9 #aghd1 & came by wat] to ,albany1 s5d+ "o ( 8 sons ov]l& to drive two pair ( ox54 ,fa!r & son met 9 ,albany & w5t toge!r across ! s&s to ,s*5ectady1 :]e !y b\ght a boat to take "s ( ! goods up ! riv]4 ,f\r miles we/ ( :]e ,utica n[ /&s !y /opp$1 cut a few trees1 & built a hut to %elt] !m until !y c\ld raise crops & h a bett] home4 ,?us ! anci5t village ( ,:itesboro 0 f\nd$4 ,:ite 0 "o ( _m h>dy & brave m5 :o settl$ 9 c5tral ,new ,york at t "t1 & !y d\btless ?\ght t !y _h gone a long way 8out ,we/40 ,c]ta9ly _! j\rney took m "t ?an ! emigrant w\ld n[ ne$ to rea* ,cali=nia or ,oregon4 ,to cut ! trees1 build cab9s1 gu>d aga9/ ! savages1 & get en\gh to eat & we> gave ! settl]s pl5ty to d4 ,only ! simple/ ways ( liv+ 7 possible4 ,until a gri/ mill 0 built !y (t5 us$ samp mort>s1 su* z ! ,indians made4 ,!y took a section ( :ite a% log ?ree feet long1 & putt+ coals ( fire on "o end1 kept !m burn+ ) a h& bell[s until ! hole 0 deep en\gh to hold ! corn1 :i* 0 !n p\nd$ = _! meals ( hom9y4 ,by & by a mill 0 built1 & "h settl]s (t5 came f a di/ance ( _m miles1 sometimes c>ry+ _! gri/s on _! backs4 ,a doz5 ye>s aft] ,:ite came1 ,g5]al ,william ,floyd set up ano!r mill 9 ! nor!rn "p ( :at is n[ ,oneida c\nty4 ,he 0 "o ( ! sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,"o settl] cle>$ sev]al acres & plant$ corn ) pumpk9 se$s spr9kl$ 94 ,! pigeons pull$ up all ! corn1 b hundr$s ( great pumpk9s grew & rip5$4 ,s9ce ! crop 0 h>dly en\gh1 h[ev]1 = ei!r m5 or bea/s1 ! latt] _h to be f$ ! next w9t] on ! small top b\ghs ( ! elm1 maple1 & basswood4 ,mu* use 0 made ( ! riv]1 = ! only roads 7 ,indian pa?s ?r\gh ! woods on ! riv] flats4 ,p & freight 7 c>ri$ 9 long1 light boats suit$ to riv] traffic & kn[n z bateaux 7b-ts74 ,^! c\ld be propell$ ) o>s1 b poles 7 necess>y go+ up/ream aga9/ a /iff curr5t4 ,x 0 impossible to g up ! ,mohawk f ! ,hudson above ,albany1 on acc\nt ( ! great falls at ,cohoes2 h5ce ! long c>ry to ,s*5ectady4 ,f t place1 by h>d "w1 ! boatm5 c\ld make _! way up to ,little ,falls1 :]e ! wat] desc5ds =ty feet 9 ro>+ rapids4 ,"h ! loads & ! bateaux _h to be c>ri$ along ! banks to ! /ill wat] above1 :]e1 ) _m w9d+s & d\bl+s on _! c\rse1 ! voyag]s c\ld rea* ! ,oneida ,c>ry+ ,place1 or ,=t ,/anwix4 ,!re !y unload$ aga91 & = a mile or m tramp$ across l[ gr\nd to ,wood creek1 a little /ream fl[+ into ,oneida lake1 & !nce into ,oswego riv] & lake ,ont>io4 ,! city ( ,rome /&s exactly on ! road foll[$ by ! 8c>ry40 ,?is 0 an important place1 & 0 call$ by ! ,dut* ,tr[ ,plat1 :ile to ! ,indians x 0 ,de-o-wa9-/a1 8! place :]e canoes are c>ri$ across40 ,sev]al =ts 7 built !re1 ( :i* ! mo/ fam\s 0 ,=t ,/anwix4 ,we %\ld ?9k ,wood creek a difficult bit ( navigation4 ,x 0 a small /ream1 v crook$1 & (t5 int]rupt$ by fall5 trees4 ,9 times ( l[ wat] ! boats 7 dragg$ up & ev5 d[n ! creek by horses walk+ 9 ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,g5esee ,,/reet1 ,,utica ,"p ( ! old ,g5esee road ,! fir/ m]*ant ( old ,=t ,s*uyl] 7,utica7 0 ,john ,po/1 :o _h s]v$ 8 c\ntry well ?r\gh ! ,revolution4 ,9 #agij he br\ght hi!r 8 wife1 ?ree little *ildr51 & a c>p5t] f ,s*5ectady1 aft] a voyage ( ab\t n9e days up ! riv]4 ,ne> ! long-us$ =d+ place he built a /ore1 at ! foot ( :at is n[ ,g5esee /reet4 ,"h he suppli$ ! simple ne$s ( ! few families 9 ! new hamlet1 & b\ght furs & g9s5g ( ! ,indians1 giv+ 9 ex*ange pa9t1 p[d]1 %ot1 clo?1 beads1 mirrors1 &1 x mu/ be add$1 rum also4 ,?us ! fact t ! riv] 0 %all[ at ?is po9t & c\ld be pass$ )\t a bridge or a boat l$ to ! f\nd+ ( ! city ( ,utica4 ,! fir/ regul> mail rea*$ ! settlem5t 9 #agic1 ! po/ rid] be+ all[$ tw5ty-eight h\rs to come up f ,canajoh>ie1 a di/ance ( ab\t =ty miles1 n[ trav]s$ by _m tra9s 9 mu* less ?an an h\r4 ,on "o occasion ! ,=t ,s*uyl] settlem5t receiv$ six lett]s 9 "o mail4 ,! p w\ld h>dly believe ?is a/oni%+ fact until ,john ,po/1 :o _h be5 made po/ma/]1 assur$ !m t x 0 true4 ,po/ e/abli%$ /ages & l9es ( boats to ,s*5ectady1 & soon _h a l>ge bus9ess1 = p 7 p\r+ into we/]n ,new ,york to settle ^u its f]tile l&s4 ,all ! boats did n g d[n to ,oswego & lake ,ont>io4 ,"s turn$ & ent]$ ! ,s5eca riv]1 foll[+ its sl[ & w9d+ wat]s to ! c\ntry n[ ly+ betwe5 ,syracuse & ,ro*e/]4 ,b ^! boats 7 n equal to ! traffic1 = ! new f>ms 7 produc+ gra9 to be transport$1 & ! p ne$$ _m articles f ! old] t[ns on ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,h5ce ab\t a doz5 ye>s aft] ,hugh ,:ite built 8 fir/ cab9 by ! riv]1 ! /ate legislature took up ! "q ( transportation & built a great road1 a hundr$ miles long1 f ,=t ,s*uyl]1 or ! future ,utica1 to ,g5eva1 at ! foot ( ,s5eca lake4 ,! road z laid out 0 six rods wide4 ,x 0 improv$ = a wid? ( f\r rods by ! use ( gravel & logs :]e ! gr\nd 0 s(t & swampy1 z mu* ( x 0 9 ^? days1 be+ flat & %ad$ by trees4 ,ov] ! fam\s ,g5esee road1 z x 0 call$1 ?\s&s ( p w5t n only to ! ri* valley ( ! ,g5esee 9 we/]n ,new ,york b also on to ,ohio1 & ev5 to ! prairies ( ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,g5esee /reet 9 ,utica & ,g5esee /reet 9 ,syracuse are p>ts ( ?is road4 ,! hi/orian tells ( x z a triumph1 = x 0 an ,indian pa? 9 ,june1 & be=e ,septemb] 0 ov] a /age _h />t$ at ,=t ,s*uyl]1 & on ! aft]noon ( ! ?ird day _h deposit$ its f\r pass5g]s at ! hotel 9 ,g5eva4 ,aft] ?is wagons & /ages began to run frequ5tly betwe5 ,albany & ,g5eva4 ,a wagon c\ld c>ry f\rte5 b>rels ( fl\r ea/w>d1 & 9 ab\t a mon? c\ld return to ,g5eva f ,albany ) a load ( ne$$ supplies4 ,9 five weeks1 "o w9t]1 five hundr$ & sev5ty sleighs c>ry+ families pass$ ?r\gh ,g5eva to l&s f>!r we/4 ,g5eva 0 q a metropolis 9 ^? days1 :5 !re 0 no?+ b woods :]e ,syracuse & ,ro*e/] n[ are4 ,regul> m>kets 7 held !re1 = !re 7 f9e f>ms & or*>ds ab\t ! beautiful %ores ( ,s5eca lake4 ,x is record$ z rem>kable t "o settl] _h 8dress$ up0 an old ,indian or*>d & made 8"o hundr$ b>rels ( cyd]40 ,we might ?9k t ! f\nd]s ( ! city ( ,ro*e/] w\ld h come 9 by ! ,g5esee road1 b !y did n4 ,f> to ! s\?1 at ,hag]/[n 9 ,m>yl&1 a c\ntry already old1 liv$ ,colonel ,ro*e/]4 ,he he>d ( ! ,g5esee l&s & at la/ b\ght1 ) 8 p>tn]s1 a hundr$ acres by ! falls1 :]e ! city n[ /&s4 ,:5 ! little family procession pass$ d[n ! /reet & ent]$ ^u ! long j\rney up ! ,susquehanna valley to we/]n ,new ,york1 ,ro*e/]'s fri5ds 9 ,hag]/[n wept to see him g4 ,!y ?\ght t he _h ?r[n 8 money away 9 buy+ swamp l&s :]e only mosquitoes1 rattlesnakes1 & be>s c\ld live1 b he saw f>!r ?an !y did4 ,if he _h be5 unwill+ to take any risk1 he w\ld nev] h laid out ! fir/ /reets ( ! prosp]\s city :i* n[ be>s 8 "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,old ,,=t ,,johnson1 ,,am/]dam1 ,,new ,,york ,built by ,sir ,william ,johnson1 #agdb ,syracuse1 l ,utica & ,ro*e/]1 _h its own way ( beg9n+4 ,we c truly say t at fir/ salt made ! city4 ,! b$s ( salt are n directly "u ,syracuse1 b are 9 ! hills n f> away4 ,! wat] f ! ra9s & spr+s dissolves "s ( ?is salt1 & z x fl[s d[n x fills ! gravels 9 & ar\nd ! t[n4 ,:ile all 0 yet =e/ ! ,indian wom5 _h made salt f ! br9e :i* ooz$ up 9 ! spr+s4 ,s long ago z #aggj1 five ye>s be=e ! ,revolution1 ! ,delaw>e ,indians w5t aft] ,onondaga salt1 & a little ( x 0 n[ & !n br\ght d[n to ,albany4 ,sometimes x 0 sold f> d[n ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce 9 ,quebec4 ,illu/ration3 ,,new ,,york ,,new ,,york1 ,,lake ,,erie ,,& ,,we/]n ,,railroad ,,delaw>e1 ,,lackawanna ,,& ,,we/]n ,,railroad 44444444444 ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,& ,,hudson ,,riv] ,,railroad ----------- ,,new ,,york1 ,,ont>io ,,& ,,we/]n ,,railroad ------ ,,delaw>e ,,& ,,hudson ,,railroad ------ ,,erie ,,canal 7old location7 ,! pione]s fir/ made salt !re 9 #aghh4 ,?is 0 sev]al ye>s be=e ! ,g5esee road 0 cut ?r\gh ! woods4 ,"o ( ^! m51 a ,mr4 ,dan=?1 ^: "n a suburb ( ,syracuse n[ be>s1 us$ to put 8 coat on 8 head = a cu%ion & on t c>ry out a l>ge kettle to ! spr+s4 ,he w\ld put a pole across crot*$ /icks1 hang up ! kettle1 & g to "w to make salt4 ,:5 he _h made en\gh = ! "t he w\ld hide 8 kettle 9 ! bu%es & br+ home 8 salt4 ,by & by s _m hundr$s ( bu%els 7 made by ! settl]s t ! gov]nm5t ( ! /ate fram$ laws to regulate ! mak+ & sell+ ( ! salt1 & z "t w5t on a t[n arose & grew into a city4 ,_m ye>s lat] rock salt 0 f\nd deep d[n "u ! surface f>!r we/1 & s9ce t discov]y ! bus9ess ( ,syracuse has become m & m v>i$ 9 "*4 ,! hi/ory ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york %[s well h[ ! ,new ,_w 0 settl$ along ! :ole ,atlantic coa/4 ,! :ite m5 f ,europe f\nd fir/ ,manhattan isl& & ! h>bor4 ,!n !y foll[$ ! lead ( a riv] & made a settlem5t t 0 to be ,albany4 ,/ill !y let a riv] guide !m1 ?is "t ! ,mohawk1 & x l$ !m we/w>d4 ,!y pu%$ _! boats up ! /ream1 & on l& !y wid5$ ! trails ( ! r$ m54 ,ne> its head ! ,mohawk valley l$ out into ! wide1 ri* pla9s s\? & ea/ ( lake ,ont>io4 ,soon !re 7 s _m p t a good road became necess>y4 ,:5 ! good road 0 made x br\ght m p1 & ?us ! f\ndations ( ! ,empire ,/ate 7 laid4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,oriskany1 ,a ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,revolution ,ab\t halfway betwe5 old ,=t ,s*uyl]1 or ,utica1 & ,=t ,/anwix1 :i* is n[ ,rome1 is ! village ( ,oriskany4 ,a mile or two we/ ( ?is small t[n1 9 a field s\? ( ! ,mohawk riv]1 /&s a monum5t rais$ 9 memory ( a fi]ce battle f\ght on t slope 9 ! ye> foll[+ ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,on ! p$e/al are f\r tablets 9 bronze1 "o ( :i* %[s a w\nd$ g5]al sitt+ on ! gr\nd 9 ! woods1 ) 8 h& rais$1 giv+ ord]s to 8 m54 ,! "t 0 #aggg1 ! /rife 0 ! battle ( ,oriskany1 & ! brave & suff]+ g5]al 0 ,ni*olas ,h]kim]4 ,on ano!r ( ! tablets is ?is inscription3 ,,"h ,,0 ,,f\ght ,,! ,,battle ,,( ,,oriskany ,,on ,,! #f,,? ,,day ,,( ,,augu/1 #aggg4 ,,"h ,,briti% ,,invasion ,,0 ,,*eck$ ,,& ,,?w>t$4 ,,"h ,,g5]al ,,ni*olas ,,h]kim]1 ,,intrepid ,,lead] ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,=ces1 ,,?\gh ,,mortally ,,w\nd$ ,,kept ,,8 ,,comm& ,,( ,,! ,,fight ,,till ,,! ,,enemy ,,_h ,,fl$4 ,,! ,,life ,,blood ,,( ,,m ,,?an ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,patriot ,,h]oes ,,made ,,?is ,,battle ,,gr\nd ,,sacr$ ,,=ev]4 ,aft] ! battle ,h]kim] 0 c>ri$ d[n ! valley to 8 home1 :]e a few days lat] he di$4 ,on ! field he _h calmly light$ 8 pipe & smok$ x z he gave 8 ord]s1 refus+ to be c>ri$ to a safe place & say+1 8,i w face ! enemy40 ,if ! battle has its monum5t1 s ! h]o t won x has 81 & ! travel] on ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railway c see bo?1 b ?irty miles ap>t1 ! "o at ,oriskany1 ! o!r a %ort di/ance d[n ! valley f ,little ,falls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,oriskany ,,battle ,,monum5t1 ,a ,,few ,,miles ,,we/ ,,( ,,utica ,h]kim] 0 n a tra9$ soldi]1 b a pla9 f>m] ( ! valley4 ,8 lett]s & milit>y ord]s %[ u t he c\ld spell z poorly z any ( 8 neighbors1 & t is say+ a good deal4 ,8 army 0 made up ( ^! same simple neighbors1 :o1 ?\gh !y did n "k mu* ab\t soldi]ly m>*+1 7 good %ots & h>d hitt]s1 fight+ n = pay b to save _! lib]ty & to protect _! homes f ! cruel savages4 ,! names ( _m ( ^! m5 are on ! battle monum5t1--names su* z ,groot1 ,petrie1 ,dunckel1 ,klock1 ,kraus1 ,sammons1 ,s*nell1 ,van ,horn1 & ,zimm]man4 ,we d n ne$ to be told t ^! 7 n m5 ( ,engli% blood2 inde$1 _m ( !m belong$ to ^? same ,dut* families :i* we saw settl+ 9 ! ,hudson & ,mohawk valleys4 ,& "s1 l ! la/ "o1 7 n ,dut* b ,g]man1 & _! ance/ors came n f ,holl& b f a l& f>!r up ! ,rh9e4 ,!y _h be5 driv5 out by ! p]secutions ( "o ( ! ,fr5* k+s & _h come to ,am]ica4 ,!y _h _h a h>d "t1 suff]+ mu* f taskma/]s1 f pov]ty1 & f ! savages1 until f9ally !y _h gone f>!r we/ 9 ! ,mohawk valley & _h receiv$ good l&s ly+ ea/w>d f ,utica4 ,!re !y became com=table & prosp]\s4 ,!y answ]$ promptly ! brave ,h]kim]'s call to arms1 & _m ( !m gave _! lives = home & c\ntry at ,oriskany4 ,we mu/ n[ tell ! o!r side ( ! /ory & see :o ! invad]s 7 & :]e !y came f4 ,9 ,revolution>y days ne>ly all ! p ( ,new ,york 7 9 its two great valleys4 ,"o c\ld g up ! ,hudson f ,new ,york1 pass ,albany & ,=t ,edw>d1 &1 )\t f9d+ high gr\nd1 ent] ! valley ( lake ,*ampla9 & g d[n to ,montreal on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,"h1 !n1 0 an easy valley road f ! sea at ,new ,york into ,canada4 ,com+ ei!r way1 "o c\ld turn (f to ! we/ at ,=t ,orange or ,albany & g up ! ,mohawk & d[n to ,oswego on lake ,ont>io4 ,9 ^! two valleys 7 all ! f>ms1 ! t[ns1 & ( c\rse ! =ts4 ,!re 7 =ts at ,oswego & :]e ,rome1 ,utica1 & ,albany are2 at ,=t ,edw>d1 ,=t ,ann1 ,ticond]oga1 & _m o!r places1 mak+ a *a9 ( def5ses 9 ^! valleys4 ,we/ ( ! ,hudson & s\? ( ! ,mohawk 7 ! high1 r\gh woods ( ! ,catskills2 :ile we/ ( lake ,*ampla9 & nor? ( ! ,mohawk 7 ! rugg$ ,adirondacks1 )\t roads or cle>+s4 ,& because ! roads1 ! homes1 & ! =ts 7 9 ! valleys1 we %all almo/ always f9d ! armies & ! fight+ !re4 ,?is w help u to und]/& ! plan :i* ! ,briti% made 9 #aggg1 by :i* !y felt sure ( cru%+ ! rebellion4 ,! ye> be=e !y _h to leave ,bo/on & _h come ar\nd to ,new ,york4 ,new ,york 0 n s l>ge z ,philadelphia !n1 b x 0 an important place1 = x 0 ! key to ! ,hudson valley4 ,! ,briti% g5]als decid$ to s5d "o army up ! ,hudson to de/roy ! =ts & beat back ! coloni/s4 ,?is army 0 "u ,g5]al ,h[e4 ,ano!r army1 comm&$ by ,g5]al ,burgoyne1 0 to come f ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce up lake ,*ampla9 & ?r\gh ! woods by ,=t ,edw>d to ,albany4 ,burgoyne 0 a brave (fic]1 b he 0 conceit$1 & he felt too sure t he c\ld d 8 "p easily4 ,he 0 confid5t t :5 he m>*$ ?r\gh ! c\ntry _m coloni/s w\ld run to place !mselves "u ! ,engli% flag4 ,9 a few weeks he le>n$ t ^! backwoods ,am]icans 7 q ready to meet & give battle to ! comb9$ =ces ( ! ,briti% regul>s1 ! hir$ ,g]man soldi]s1 & ! ,indians ) :om !y 7 9 league4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,g5]al ,,ni*olas ,,h]kim] ,,direct+ ,,! ,,battle ,,( ,,oriskany ,!re 0 yet a ?ird division 9 ?is campaign4 ,a ,briti% =ce "u ,g5]al ,/4 ,leg] _h come up ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & lake ,ont>io to ,oswego4 ,/4 ,leg] also _h ) him _m ,indians1 & ^! 7 comm&$ by ,joseph ,brant1 a fam\s *ief1 :o _h _h mu* to d ) :ite m5 & :o 0 well educat$4 ,?is ?ird army 0 to g ea/1 ov] ! ,oneida ,c>ry+ ,place & d[n ! ,mohawk to ,albany4 ,by ?is pretty plan ?ree armies1 "o f ! s\? "u ,h[e1 "o f ! nor? "u ,burgoyne1 & "o f ! we/ "u ,/4 ,leg]1 7 to meet 9 ,albany4 ,!y w\ld put ,briti% soldi]s 9 e =t on ! way1 capture & dis>m ! rebels1 & h all ,new ,york "u _! feet4 ,m ?an ?is1 !y w\ld ?us %ut (f ,new ,engl& f ,p5nsylvania & ,virg9ia1 cutt+ ! unruly colonies into two p>ts s t !y c\ld n help ea* o!r4 ,b ! s*eme1 brilliant z x 01 w\ld n "w4 ,none ( ! ,briti% armies rea*$ ,albany4 ,h[e did n1 p]haps because he did n try4 ,burgoyne & ,/4 ,leg] did n1 because !y c\ld n3 !re 0 altoge!r too mu* 9 ! way4 ,we %all n[ see h[ ?is happ5$4 ,/4 ,leg] br\ght into ! ,mohawk valley f ,oswego an army ( sev5te5 hundr$ m54 ,"s 7 ,briti%1 "s 7 ,hessians or hir$ ,g]man soldi]s1 & ! re/ 7 ,indians "u ,joseph ,brant4 ,!y ?\ght t x w\ld n be mu* tr\ble to take ,=t ,/anwix & !n g d[n ! valley1 burn+ & kill+ z !y w5t1 until !y %\ld meet ! o!r armies ( ! k+ at ,albany4 ,b ! coloni/s s5t m soldi]s to def5d ! =t1 & ,colonel ,pet] ,gansevoort1 :o 0 9 comm&1 _h "u him ne>ly a ?\s& m54 ,j be=e ! ,briti% came 9 sight a /ock ( provisions1 br\ght on sev]al boats up ! riv]1 _h be5 safely deliv]$ )9 ! def5ses4 ,?is 0 e>ly 9 ,augu/1 & only ab\t sev5 weeks be=e ,congress _h adopt$ ! /yle ( ,am]ican flag :i* we "k s well4 ,!re 0 no flag at ,=t ,/anwix1 s ! g>rison set ab\t mak+ "o4 ,!y cut up %irts to make ! :ite4 ,! blue came f a cloak captur$ n long be=e 9 a battle1 on ! ,hudson1 by ,colonel ,m>9us ,willett1 "o ( ! brave/ comm&]s )9 ! =t4 ,! r$ is said to h be5 tak5 f a petticoat4 ,c]ta9 x is t a patriot flag 0 made1 & "s ?9k t x 0 ! fir/ ,am]ican flag ev] rais$ ov] a =tification4 ,:ile ! ,briti% 7 besieg+ ,=t ,/anwix1 ,g5]al ,h]kim] _h call$ out ! m5 ( ! valley1 bidd+ all betwe5 ! ages ( sixte5 & sixty make ready = battle4 ,! boys & old m5 7 to d _! be/ to c>e = ! families & to def5d _! homes4 ,eight hundr$ m5 ga!r$ "u ,h]kim] & m>*$ to help ! g>rison ( ! =t4 ,he>+ ( ?is1 "p ( ! ,briti% army1 includ+ ! ,indians1 came d[n ! valley to head (f ,h]kim]4 ,!y met at ,oriskany4 ,! f>m] soldi]s 7 hurry+ up ! valley )\t due wat*+ = sudd5 attack1 :ile ! enemy plac$ !mselves 9 ambu% ar\nd a l[ field :i* 0 wood$ & swampy4 ,?r\gh ?is field ! road ran1 & :5 ,h]kim]'s m5 7 well d[n into x ! ,indians op5$ a hot fire1 :i* ?rew ! patriots into disord]4 ,!y soon ralli$ & f\ght fi]cely = five h\rs1 until two hundr$ ( !m _h lo/ _! lives4 ,e>ly 9 ! battle ,h]kim] 0 %ot1 b he =got 8 pa9 :5 he saw 8 m5 victori\s4 ,mu* ( ! fight+ 0 ( ! ,indian sort1 f beh9d trees1 = ! ,dut*m5 well knew ! ways ( ! savages4 ,!y saw t :5 "o man fir$ f beh9d a tree an ,indian w\ld ru% =w>d to tomahawk him be=e he c\ld load 8 gun = ano!r %ot4 ,s !y 7 ord]$ to /& by twos & take turns 9 fir+4 ,?us :5 ! ,indian ran =w>d ) 8 tomahawk he w\ld receive a bullet f ! o!r man's gun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,ni*olas ,,h]kim]',s ,,monum5t ,to ! "r is ! old mansion 9 :i* he liv$4 ,ne> ,little ,falls1 ,new ,york ,"u ,john ,johnson1 ! son ( ,sir ,william ,johnson1 7 _m ,tories f ! valley4 ,!y & ! patriots (t5 recogniz$ ea* o!r z =m] neighbors1 & !n ! fight 0 m /ubborn ?an ev]1 = ! soldi]s ( fre$om 7 bitt]ly angry to f9d old fri5ds 9 arms aga9/ !m4 ,dur+ ! battle a t]rific ?und]-%[] came up1 & bo? sides /opp$ fight+1 hav+ en\gh to d to keep _! p[d] & guns dry4 ,! d>k /orm pass$ & ! /rife w5t on aga94 ,at l5g? ! ,indians grew tir$ & ran1 leav+ ! field to ,h]kim] & 8 little army4 ,! importance ( a conflict is n always 9 proportion to ! size ( ! armies engag$1 & 9 :at x did = fre$om ,oriskany takes high place among ! battles ( mod]n times4 ,! enemy w5t back to ! siege ( ,=t ,/anwix1 & soon a new =ce ( patriots "u ,b5$ict ,arnold 0 s5t up ! valley to relieve ! =t4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is m>* t an ignorant b cunn+ fell[ nam$ ,han ,yo/ ,s*uyl] 0 caught1 tri$1 & condemn$ to die z a spy4 ,because 8 fri5ds plead$ = 8 life ,arnold f9ally told him t he might live if he w\ld g up to ,=t ,/anwix & make ! ,indians & ,briti% believe t a great army 0 m>*+ aga9/ !m4 ,mean:ile ! man's bro!r 0 held z a ho/age1 to be puni%$ if ! promise 0 n fulfill$4 ,han ,yo/ did 8 "p s well t ,/4 ,leg]1 tak+ fright1 left ! =t 9 great ha/e & 8 exp$ition 0 entirely brok5 up4 ,:y he did n h a gay m>* d[n to ,albany is n[ q pla94 ,a few days aft] ! battle ( ,oriskany a numb] ( m5 drove "s cattle to ,=t ,/anwix z food = ! soldi]s4 ,sev]al wom5 w5t ) !m on horseback to visit _! husb&s1 :o belong$ to ! g>rison4 ,at ! =d ( ! riv]1 n[ ! ,g5esee /reet cross+ 9 ,utica1 a big ,dut*man1 :o did n wi% to get wet1 leap$ un9vit$ ^u a horse beh9d "o ( ! wom54 ,! horse did n l ! d\ble load1 & made great sport by ?r[+ ! ,dut*man into ! middle ( ! /ream1 :ile he c>ri$ 8 mi/ress ov] 9 safety4 ,g5]al ,burgoyne came ne>] ,albany ?an did ,/4 ,leg]4 ,inde$ he w5t to ,albany1 b n until he _h lo/ 8 army4 ,he _h promptly captur$ ,ticond]oga on lake ,*ampla91 & ?is success gave him high hopes & s5t rejoic+ ?r\gh\t ,great ,brita92 b ! patriots1 by fell+ trees & cutt+ away bridges1 h9d]$ 8 s\?w>d m>* 9 e way4 ,he s5t a ?\s& ( 8 ,g]man soldi]s across to ,b5n+ton1 among ! ,gre5 m\nta9s1 to capture /ores :i* he knew 7 !re4 ,b ,g5]al ,/>k 0 !re also1 ) a little army f ,new ,hamp%ire & ,massa*usetts1 & ! ?\s& ,hessians did n g back to help ,burgoyne4 ,he _h left ano!r ?\s& to gu>d ,ticond]oga1 & s he 0 two ?\s& %ort4 ,all ?is "t ! patriot army 0 gr[+1 = ! m5 ( ! ,hudson valley 7 madd5$ :5 !y saw ! blood?ir/y ,indians m>*+ ) ! ,engli%1 &1 to ,burgoyne's surprise1 !y _h no m9d to fight = ! k+4 ,h[e did n come1 ,/4 ,leg] did n come1 & ! provisions 7 gett+ %ort4 ,^! c\ld only come along ! road f ! nor?1 & ! coloni/s 7 already m>*+ 9 beh9d ,burgoyne's army to cut 8 l9e ( communications4 ,he knew t he mu/ fight or />ve4 ,he *ose to fight4 ,! battle 0 f\ght on ,bemis ,heights1 a range ( hills we/ ( ! ,hudson1 a %ort di/ance nor? ( ! little village ( ,/illwat]4 ,! ,briti% g5]al1 aft] 8 defeat1 )drew a few miles nor?w>d & surr5d]$ 8 army ne> ! pres5t t[n ( ,s*uyl]ville4 ,a tall monum5t m>ks ! place4 ,?is 0 ! battle ( ,s>atoga1 f\ght 9 old ,s>atoga1 :i* is sev]al miles f ! fam\s resort ( t "n4 ,s x 0 t up & d[n ^! beautiful valleys w5t armies & sc\t+ b&s1 z well z peaceful emigrants ) _! ox51 _! /ages1 & _! small freight boats4 ,"o _c g f> along ! ,hudson or ! ,mohawk )\t f9d+ ! site ( an ,indian village1 ! f\ndations ( an old =t1 ! home/ead ( a ,revolution>y h]o1 or an anci5t place ( wor%ip4 ,:5 we see ! great railways & swift tra9s1 ! bundles ( telegraph wires1 ! noisy cities & great mills ( to-day1 we c rememb] ,philip ,s*uyl]1 ,sir ,william ,johnson1 ,m>9us ,willett1 ,pet] ,gansevoort1 & ,ni*olas ,h]kim]4 ,!re 7 no nobl] patriots1 ev5 9 ,virg9ia & ,massa*usetts1 ?an ^! m5 ( ! ,mohawk valley4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,erie ,,canal ,if we ?9k t ! m5 ( a hundr$ ye>s ago 7 p ) few wants1 :o 7 will+ to let o!rs d ! trad+ & make ! =tunes1 we are q 9 ! wrong4 ,!y 7 z eag] 9 bus9ess z are ! driv+ ,am]icans ( to-day4 ,s long ago z #afhc ,?omas ,dongan1 a well-born ,iri%man1 came to ,new ,york to be its gov]nor4 ,9 8 lett]s to ! gov]nm5t 9 ,london he said a great deal ab\t ! fur trade & ! dang] ( its go+ to o!r cities4 ,once he report$ t two hundr$ packs ( beav] sk9s _h gone d[n ! ,susquehanna riv] & across to ,philadelphia in/ead ( be+ br\ght by ! ,mohawk to ,new ,york1 & he ?\ght t if ?is traffic cont9u$ ,new ,york w\ld be ru9$4 ,z "t w5t on ! rivalry grew /rong] & /rong]4 ,all ! cities on ! coa/ 7 bidd+ = ! we/]n trade4 ,! 8,we/0 0 !n ! ,g5esee c\ntry1 ! pla9s along ! ,lakes1 & ! ri* l&s ( ! ,ohio valley4 ,"s ( ! trade f ! ,lakes & ! ,g5esee w5t d[n ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,heavy articles especially 7 s5t to ,quebec1 :ile light] freight 0 tak5 ov]l& d[n ! ,mohawk4 ,:5 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton 0 /irr+ up ! legislature & ! p ( ,new ,york1 he told !m he 0 v sorry to le>n t m]*&ise f ,montreal 0 sold 9 ! /ate = less ?an ,new ,york prices4 ,?is 0 because !re 0 transportation by wat] f ,montreal1 & ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce m]*ants c\ld af=d to und]sell ^? ( ,new ,york4 ,_m p ?\ght t ! :eat & fl\r & o!r products ( we/]n ,new ,york w\ld all g d[n ! ,susquehanna to ,baltimore & ,philadelphia4 ,r\gh boats kn[n z 8arks0 7 built & float$ d[n ! riv] 9 ! high wat] caus$ by ! melt+ ( ! sn[s 9 ! ,allegh5y highl&s4 ,f two to five hundr$ b>rels ( fl\r 7 c>ri$ 9 "o ( ^! craft4 ,z ! boats c\ld n be sail$ up ! riv]1 !y 7 tak5 to pieces at ! end ( ! voyage & sold = lumb]4 ,we h already se5 t ,colonel ,ro*e/] foll[$ ?is valley 9 migrat+ to ! ,g5esee riv]1 & "o writ] calls att5tion to ! fact t 9 sev5 days sev]al eld]ly p _h come q com=tably by ?is r\te f ,baltimore to ,ba? 9 ! s\?we/]n "p ( ,new ,york4 ,"o c\ld n[ travel f ,san ,francisco to ,new ,york & almo/ halfway across ! ,atlantic ocean 9 t "t4 ,o!r cities also hop$ to secure "s ( ! pr(its ( deal+ ) ! rapidly gr[+ ,we/4 ,! t\ri/ on 8 way d[n ! ,potomac to ,m\nt ,v]non1 ! home ( ,wa%+ton1 w pass by ,alex&ria1 a quiet old t[n ( ab\t fifte5 ?\s& p4 ,wa%+ton himself ?\ght x possible t ,alex&ria might get a good %>e ( ! trade f ,detroit & o!r places on ! ,lakes & on ! ,ohio riv]4 ,all ?is seems /range to u1 because s9ce ! days ( our great-gr&fa!rs ! traffic has be5 go+ l>gely to ,new ,york4 ,! cause ( ! *ange 0 ! ,erie canal4 ,yet 9 #ahah1 a few mon?s aft] ! canal 0 begun1 an ,albany newspap] discuss$ v e>ne/ly1 z "o ( ! *ief que/ions ( ! day1 ! dang] t ,philadelphia w\ld take away ! we/]n trade4 ,fl\r1 salt1 & pota% _h be5 tak5 to ,new ,york 9 l>ge quantities1 b all ^! products 7 c>ri$ z f> z ,s*5ectady 9 little t5-ton boats1 by way ( ,wood creek & ! ,mohawk4 ,z ! bus9ess grew x 0 se5 to be impossible always to drag ! boats up ,wood creek ) horses1 & t ! small canal1 t5 feet wide1 :i* _h be5 cut ar\nd ! rapids at ,little ,falls1 c\ld n s]ve ! purposes ( ano!r g5]ation4 ,h5ce = _m ye>s !re _h be5 talk ( a canal to jo9 ! ,lakes & ! ,hudson1 ?us mak+ navigation )\t a break f ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry to ! ,atlantic ocean at ,new ,york4 ,! cr$it = fir/ ?9k+ ( su* a canal has be5 claim$ = sev]al m51 b probably x 0 89 ! air10 & _m ?\ght ( x at ab\t ! same "t4 ,g\v]neur ,morris1 "o ( ! fam\s ,new ,york /atesm5 ( ! day1 propos$ t lake ,erie %\ld be 8tapp$0 & its wat]s l$ to ! ,hudson4 ,! surface ( ?is lake is five hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree feet above tide wat] at ,albany4 ,x 0 ,morris's idea to dig a *annel1 ) a g5tly slop+ bottom1 :i* %\ld s5d ! wat] ea/ 9 a /ream deep en\gh to float a boat4 ,! wat] ?us turn$ f its c\rse w\ld g to ,albany in/ead ( fl[+ ?r\gh ! ,niag>a & ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 difficulties ab\t ! plan :i* ,morris did n und]/&1 & x 0 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,de ,,witt ,,cl9ton ,! great wat] way is (t5 kn[n z 8,cl9ton's ,dit*40 ,?is "n 0 d\btless giv5 9 ridicule by ^? :o did n ?9k x c\ld be built4 ,!re 7 _m :o laugh$ at ! surveyors :5 !y saw !m look+ ab\t1 us+ _! levels1 & driv+ _! /akes 9 ! woods & swamps4 ,x 0 ev5 said t to dig su* a canal 0 impossible1 t x w\ld co/ too mu* money1 t x w\ld take too mu* "t1 & t ! canal itself c\ld nev] be made to hold wat]4 ,b ,cl9ton & 8 support]s believ$ 9 x1 & work$ h>d to make x a success4 ,!y said t ! co/ ( c>ry+ a ton ( produce 9 wagons a di/ance ( "o hundr$ miles 0 ab\t ?irty-two doll>s4 ,! exp]i5ce ( o!rs _h prov$ t 9 canals a ton c\ld be c>ri$ "o mile = "o c5t1 or a hundr$ miles = "o doll>4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 "o doll> & ?irty-two doll>s1 especially if ! diff]5ce is add$ to ! co/ ( ! :eat f :i* our bread is made1 or ( ! lumb] us$ 9 build+ our h\ses4 ,cl9ton himself ?\ght t x might take t5 or fifte5 ye>s to make ! canal1 b1 z we %all see1 x 0 f9i%$ 9 less "t ?an he suppos$4 ,cl9ton decl>$ v truly t ,new ,york 0 especially =tunate1 = ! surface made x an easy task to dig ! dit*4 ,!re 0 no high or r\gh gr\nd to be cross$1 !re 0 pl5ty ( wat] to keep ! canal full1 & x w\ld run ?r\gh a f]tile & ri* c\ntry4 ,z ,cl9ton 0 gov]nor ( ,new ,york dur+ mu* ( ! p]iod 9 :i* ! canal 0 made1 8 "n is imp]i%ably connect$ ) ! great ent]prise4 ,he 0 once c&idate = ! (fice ( ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b p]haps ev5 t (fice1 if he _h be5 elect$1 w\ld n h giv5 him s mu* honor z did ! build+ ( ?is great public "w4 ,canals 7 n new 9 ,cl9ton's "t4 ,long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era began m5 _h dug !m to c>ry wat] = v>i\s uses1 su* z irrigation & turn+ ma*9]y4 ,(t51 z = hundr$s ( ye>s 9 ! f5 c\ntry ( ,engl&1 canals h be5 us$ to dra9 wet or flood$ l&s & = mov+ boats4 ,ev5 beav]s h be5 kn[n to dig dit*es1 :i* fill ) wat]1 t !y may float ! wood :i* !y cut to ! place :]e !y build _! dams & _! homes4 ,if a region is p]fectly level1 only a dit* & wat] are ne$$4 ,b l&s are n (t5 level = m ?an %ort di/ances2 h5ce a canal consi/s commonly ( a s]ies ( levels at diff]5t heights4 ,( c\rse ! boats mu/ be pass$ f "o level to ano!r by "s means4 ,if !y are small1 !y c be dragg$ up or d[n betwe5 two levels2 b ?is me?od w n s]ve = l>ge boats c>ry+ _m tons ( coal1 lumb]1 salt1 or bricks1 h5ce locks are g5]ally us$4 ,a lock is a %ort section ( a canal1 long en\gh = ! boats us$1 & hav+ walls ris+ f ! bottom ( ! l[] level to ! top ( ! upp] "o4 ,!re are big gates at ea* end4 ,if a boat is to asc5d1 x runs into ! lock on ! l[] level & ! l[] gates are clos$4 ,a small gate 9 ! l>ge upp] gate is !n op5$ & ! wat] runs 9 f above1 sl[ly rais+ ! wat] 9 ! lock & ) x ! boat4 ,:5 ! wat] 9 ! lock is ev5 ) ! wat] 9 ! upp] level1 ! big upp] gates are swung op5 & ! boat goes on its way4 ,9 a simil> mann] boats g d[n f high] to l[] sections ( ! canal4 ,locks h be5 us$ 9 ,italy & 9 ,holl& = m ?an f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,on ,april #ae1 #ahag1 ! legislature pass$ ! law = ! con/ruction ( ! long dit*1 & ! fir/ spade 0 set into ! e>? by ,judge ,john ,ri*>dson at ,rome1 ,new ,york1 on ,july #d ( ! same ye>4 ,?is 0 =ty-"o ye>s aft] ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & x is pla9 t ! c\ntry _h gr[n mu* 9 weal? & numb]s :5 a s+le /ate c\ld />t out to build a wat] way ?ree hundr$ miles long4 ,aft] ! fir/ spadeful ( soil _h be5 lift$1 ! citiz5s & ! labor]s eag]ly seiz$ ! %ovels1 & ?us ev]ybody _h a small %>e 9 beg9n+ ! great "w4 ,guns 7 fir$ & !re 0 mu* rejoic+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,erie ,,canal1 ,,look+ ,,ea/ ,,f ,,g5esee ,,/reet ,,bridge1 ,,utica ,! m5 :o took ! contracts = digg+ %ort sections ( ! canal 7 ma9ly f>m]s :o _h ga9$ good prop]ties & :o 7 liv+ along ! l9e4 ,9 ^? days1 if any "o _h visit$ ! m5 at "w1 he w\ld n h se5 cr[ds ( =eign labor]s liv+ 9 huts1 b m5 born & re>$ 9 ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t4 ,x 0 little m ?an tw5ty ye>s s9ce ! ,g5esee road _h be5 built ?r\gh c5tral ,new ,york1 & !re 0 /ill mu* =e/4 ,! trees grew rank & /rong1 & x 0 no light task to cut ?r\gh ! tangl$ network ( roots t lay bel[ ! surface4 ,fir/ ! trees 7 cut d[n1 mak+ a lane sixty feet wide1 & 9 ?is ! canal 0 dug to a wid? ( =ty feet4 ,p[]ful ma*9es t c\ld draw out /umps & pull ov] ! l>ge/ trees 7 br\ght f ,europe4 ,! :eels ( ! /ump ma*9e 7 sixte5 feet across4 ,a pl[ ) a %>p blade 0 also made1 to cut d[n ?r\gh ! heavy c>pet ( fib]s & small roots4 ,swiftly "o piece aft] ano!r ( ! canal 0 f9i%$ & ! wat] let 94 ,! tr5* 0 f\nd to hold wat]1 & boats 7 soon busy haul+ produce f t[n to t[n4 ,9 #ahbe x 0 f9i%$ f ,black ,rock1 or ,buffalo1 to ,wat]=d1 above ,troy4 ,! "w _h tak5 eight ye>s & _h co/ a little less ?an eight million doll>s4 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton 0 "r & ! croak]s 7 wrong4 ,p]haps x 0 h>d at t "t to f9d any "o :o did n ?9k t he _h always want$ a canal4 ,!re 71 x is true1 a few disappo9t$ ones at ,s*5ectady4 ,!re ! wagons f ,albany _h always /opp$1 & !re ! boat+ up ! ,mohawk _h begun4 ,z all ! loads _h to be %ift$ betwe5 ! riv] & ! l& j\rneys1 !re _h be5 "w = _m m54 ,?us ! place _h gr[n up1 & n[ t boats 7 to run ?r\gh )\t *ange1 "s p naturally ?\ght t ! t[n w\ld die out1 or w\ld at lea/ lose mu* ( its bus9ess4 ,^! few discont5t$ folk1 h[ev]1 7 h>dly to be c\nt$1 among ! ?\s&s :o exult$ ov] ! complet$ canal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,along ,,! ,,canal ,,9 ,,syracuse ,copyright$1 #ahii1 by ,a4 ,p4 ,yates1 ,syracuse1 ,n4,y4 ,a great celebration 0 arrang$1 & ! rejoic+s ( ! beg9n+ 7 r$\bl$ 9 ! fe/ivities at ! end4 ,boats 7 made ready at ,buffalo to take ,gov]nor ,cl9ton & ! o!r gue/s to ,new ,york4 ,:5 ! fir/ boat ent]$ ! canal f lake ,erie a cannon 0 fir$4 ,cannon _h be5 set )9 he>+ di/ance all ! way to ! sea along ! l9e ( ! canal4 ,?is way ( s5d+ news 0 ! ne>e/ approa* to ! telegraph at t "t4 ,soon ! tid+s ( ! great ev5t came boom+ d[n among ! cliffs ( ! ,hudson & rea*$ ,new ,york4#a #a ,! "t all[$ = ! signal+ f ,buffalo to ,s&y ,hook 0 "o h\r & tw5ty m9utes4 ,?is programme 0 sub/antially c>ri$ out4 ,f ,albany to ,s&y ,hook only tw5ty m9utes 7 requir$4 ,two kegs ( lake ,erie wat] 7 put on "o ( ! boats at ,buffalo1 & we %all see :at 0 done ) !m4 ,!re 7 also two b>rels ( f9e apples :i* _h be5 rais$ 9 an or*>d at ,niag>a ,falls4 ,^! 7 n to be eat5 on ! way1 "o b>rel be+ = ! ,t[n ,c\ncil ( ,troy1 & ! o!r = ! city fa!rs ( ,new ,york4 ,_m p on bo? sides ( ! ocean are /ill eat+ f9e apples f ! trees ( ! ,g5esee c\ntry4 ,"o boat 9 ! little fleet 0 call$ ,noah's ,ark1 & on bo>d 7 two eagles1 a be>1 "s fawns1 fi%es1 & birds1 besides two ,indian boys4 ,^! 7 s5t to ,new ,york z 8products ( ! ,we/40 ,at e t[n !re 0 a celebration1 & great 0 ! excitem5t 9 su* cities z ,ro*e/]1 ,syracuse1 ,utica1 & ,albany4 ,!re 7 salutes & fea/s & spee*es & pray]s1 & ! gratitude & joy ( ! p fairly ran ov]4 ,! greate/ celebration ( all 0 9 ,new ,york1 :]e ev]ybody turn$ out to d honor to ! occasion4 ,! f9e ladies bo>d$ a special boat1 & ! 8aquatic procession0 w5t d[n ?r\gh ! bay to ,s&y ,hook4 ,x 0 arrang$ t a mess5g] ( ,neptune1 ! sea god1 %\ld meet ! fleet1 inquire _! err&1 & lead !m to 8 ma/]'s realm4 ,"h ,gov]nor ,cl9ton turn$ out ! lake ,erie wat] f ! two kegs into ! sea z a symbol ( ! jo9+ ( ! lakes & ! ocean4 ,!n all ! p w5t back to ! city & _h spee*es & p>ades1 fea/s & fireworks1 :ile ! city-hall bell 0 rung = sev]al h\rs4 ,! illum9ation 0 said to be a f9e "o1 b p]haps _! lamps & c&les w\ld n[ look dim4 ,aft] ! canal 0 f9i%$ ! c>ry+ bus9ess 0 q made ov]4 ,little 0 he>d !n ab\t s5d+ we/]n ,new ,york fruit & gra9 to ,philadelphia or ,montreal or ,alex&ria4 ,freight+ 0 s *eap t a man :o _h be5 sell+ 8 :eat = ?irty c5ts a bu%el n[ receiv$ a doll> = x4 ,9 ! w> ) ,engl&1 only a few ye>s be=e1 x _h co/ m to c>ry a cannon f ,albany to ,oswego ?an x _h co/ to make x4 ,! j\rney _h n[ become an easy & simple matt]4 ,two f>m]s built a boat ( _! own1 load$ x ) ! produce ( _! f>ms1 & took x d[n ,s5eca lake & all ! way to ,new ,york4 ,!y 7 let out ( ! woods into ! wide _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,travel+ ,,by ,,packet ,,on ,,! ,,erie ,,canal ,! canal 0 n entirely giv5 up to ! c>ry+ ( freight4 ,p ?\ght t x 0 a f9e exp]i5ce to travel 9 ! pass5g] boats1 :i* 7 call$ 8packets40 ,^! 7 consid]$ z rem>kable z are ! limit$ express tra9s ( to-day4 ,! spe$ all[$ by law 0 five miles an h\r4 ,to g fa/] w\ld drive ! wat] aga9/ ! banks & injure !m4 ,! f>e 0 five c5ts a mile includ+ b]? & table4 ,x 0 said t a man c\ld travel f ,new ,york to ,buffalo ) 8! utmo/ com=t0 & )\t fatigue4 ,! j\rney co/ eighte5 doll>s1 & only took six days6 ,we1 ( c\rse1 _c help ?9k+ ( ! ,empire ,/ate ,express1 :i* leaves ,new ,york at #h4cj ,a4,m4 & arrives 9 ,buffalo at #d4ej ,p4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,erie ,,canal ,,& ,,solvay ,,works1 ,,syracuse ,if ! j\rney ( ^? days seems long to u1 we mu/ rememb] t to mo/ ( ! travel]s ! sc5]y 0 fre% & int]e/+1 = x 0 a visit to a new l&4 ,! rocky highl&s1 ! blue ,catskills1 ! w9d+ ,mohawk1 & ! t[ns & f>ms ( ! int]ior 7 p]haps z full ( int]e/ z ! morn+ pap] is on ! tra9s ( to-day4 ,f ,utica to ,syracuse1 m ?an fifty miles1 is "o great level2 b on ne>+ ,ro*e/] ! canal foll[s an embankm5t across a valley1 & ! pass5g]s 9 ^? days look$ wond]+ly d[n on ! tops ( trees4 ,at ,lockport !y he>d ! clatt] z !y sl[ly rose by a long r[ ( locks to ! top ( ! cliffs1 & at ,buffalo !y look$ out on a sea ( fre% wat]4 ,at ,utica1 ,rome1 ,ro*e/]1 & o!r places1 aft] a few ye>s1 side canals came 9 f nor? & s\?1 f ,b+hamton & f ! upp] valley ( ! ,g5esee2 & up 9 ! hills great res]voirs 7 built1 ) %all[ canals kn[n z 8fe$]s0 lead+ d[n to ! ma9 tr5*4 ,^! 7 built to make sure t !re %\ld be wat] en\gh = dry seasons2 = locks w leak1 & :5ev] a boat locks d[n a lockful ( wat] goes on t[>d ! sea4 ,n[ all 0 /ir & gr[?4 ,buffalo _h />t$ on its way to become a great city4 ,ro*e/] gr\nd m :eat & ,syracuse made m salt4 ,!re 0 no d\bt t ,new ,york w\ld soon be kn[n z ! metropolis ( ! we/]n _w1 & 8,cl9ton's ,dit*0 became ! mo/ fam\s ( ,am]ican canals4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,railway ,! ,erie canal _h n long be5 f9i%$ :5 a new way ( c>ry+ m5 & m]*&ise came into use 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 ! next ye> aft] ! great celebration ! legislature grant$ a *>t] to build a railroad f ,albany to ,s*5ectady4 ,x is sometimes said t ?is 0 ! fir/ "t 9 ,am]ica t c>s 7 drawn by means ( /eam4 ,?is is n true1 b ,new ,york 0 n f> beh9d "s o!r /ates1 & ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton tra91 ( :i* a picture is %[n 9 ?is *apt]1 looks z if x mu/ h be5 "o ( ! v e>lie/ ones4 ,?is tra9 made its trial trip 9 #ahca1 :i* 0 sev5te5 ye>s aft] ,george ,/eph5son _h built 8 fir/ locomotive 9 ,engl&4 ,a railroad _h be5 op5$ f ,baltimore1 a few miles to ! we/1 ! ye> be=e1 & ab\t ! same "t ano!r 0 built 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,two ye>s e>li]1 9 #ahbi1 ! ,delaw>e & ,hudson ,canal ,company br\ght f ,engl& ?ree locomotives1 "o ( !m built by ,/eph5son1 to draw coal to _! canal f _! m9es at ,honesdale1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 #ahbf a railroad f\r miles long 0 built at ,qu9cy1 ,massa*usetts1 to c>ry granite f ! qu>ries to ! sea4 ,x 0 call$ a tramway1 & horses 7 us$ in/ead ( /eam4 ,if we g to ,engl&1 we %all f9d t tramways h be5 us$ !re = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s4 ,?us x is n easy to say :5 ! fir/ railroad 0 built1 & all writ]s d n tell ! same /ory ab\t x1 b x is c]ta9 t /eam c>s 7 fir/ us$ & long roads ) iron tracks 7 fir/ built a little less ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,! ,,de ,,witt ,,cl9ton ,,tra9 ,if we /udy ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton tra91 we %all le>n sev]al ?+s4 ,bo? ! eng9e & ! coa*es 7 small & light comp>$ ) ^? us$ n[4 ,) ! great spe$ ( to-day1 all ! p>ts ( a tra9 mu/ be v heavy 9 ord] to cl+ to ! track4 ,! eng9e ( ^? days _h f\r light driv+ :eels1 & ! eng9e]1 x w\ld seem1 _h to op]ate 8 eng9e :ile fac+ w9d & /orm4 ,! cab looks v mu* l a common express wagon made heavi] ?an usual2 & if we look at ! pass5g] wagons1 we %all see :y pass5g] c>s are call$ coa*es4 ,! fir/ ones 7 coa*es1 & e picture ( an old pass5g] tra9 %[s t ! c>s 7 model$ aft] ! coa*es ( ! /age l9es ( t age1 except t ! :eels 7 made ) flat rims1 ) flanges to keep !m on ! track4 ,! pass5g]s c]ta9ly c\ld n move ab\t1 & ! high p]*es on ! top look some:at dang]\s4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ! w9d & ! smoke ( ! locomotive c\ld n h be5 pleasant4 ,! m5 c\ld n g into a smok+ c>1 & if !y _h lun*eon !y mu/ h br\ght x 9 _! pockets4 ,nor c\ld !y tuck !mselves snugly into a b]? & sleep all night4 ,^! ?+s1 h[ev]1 7 n ne$$ ^u a railroad t 0 only eighte5 miles long4 ,to ?is day d9+ c>s & 8sleep]s0 are n s mu* us$ 9 ,engl& z 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,millions ( p travel !re1 b ! l& is small1 !y g swiftly1 & c usually eat & sleep at _! j\rney's end4 ,!y /ill speak ( ! 8wagons0 ( ! 8goods tra910 & ,engli% freight c>s look almo/ l toys by ! side ( ours 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is %[s u h[ closely ! railways & c>s are relat$ to common roads & vehicles4 ,p laugh$ at railroads 9 ^! e>ly days & _h ab\t z mu* fai? 9 !m z we n[ h 9 fly+ ma*9es4 ,a few ye>s ago m5 w\ld h _h ! same sport ab\t wireless telegraphy1 or ab\t talk+ betwe5 ,new ,york & ,*icago ) a telephone4 ,mrs4 ,alice ,morse ,e>le1 :o has writt5 mu* ab\t e>ly life 9 ,new ,engl&1 says t ! f>m]s did n l railroads1 = !y ?\ght t horses w\ld soon be useless & w\ld !n be kill$1 & t !re w\ld be no dem& = oats or hay4 ,!y 7 afraid1 too1 t ! noise w\ld fright5 ! h5s s t !y w\ld n lay1 t ! sp>ks f ! eng9e w\ld burn up ev]y?+1 & t ! p w\ld g crazy4 ,!re 0 "s excuse = n enjoy+ railway travel1 = ! roadb$s 7 (t5 made ( solid rock1 & ! c>s did n always h spr+s4 ,! tracks 7 made ( /rap iron spik$ d[n to wood5 /r+]s4 ,^! iron /raps w\ld sometimes become loose1 & _h an unpleasant way ( curl+ up & pi]c+ ! floor ( ! coa* :]e p 7 sitt+4 ,9 ^! days x is m com=table & probably saf] to ride 9 a railway tra9 ?an beh9d a horse4 ,! ,empire ,/ate ,express runs f ,new ,york to ,buffalo 9 eight h\rs & tw5ty m9utes4 ,x makes b f\r /ops on ! way & cov]s m ?an fifty-?ree miles an h\r4 ,:5 we comp>e ?is ) ! packet-boat "t-table ( sev5ty-five ye>s ago we see h[ mu* "t is n[ sav$4 ,to-day a man c bo>d ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury ,limit$ 9 ,new ,york ,city at #b4de 9 ! aft]noon & be set d[n 9 ,*icago ! next morn+4 ,he c d bus9ess ne>ly all ( "o day by ! sea1 & ne>ly all ( ! next day on ! %ore ( lake ,mi*igan4 ,on ! way he w f9d easy *airs1 books & pap]s1 a good b$1 a f9e table1 a place to write1 to be %av$1 or to take a ba?1 & he may ev5 read f "t to "t ! prices ( /ocks z !y are s5t ov] ! wire f ,new ,york & ,*icago4 ,b our com=table travel] %\ld n despise ! e>ly days4 ,p]haps he misses "s ( ! good times t ! great-gr&fa!rs _h 9 ! ,mohawk boats & along ! ,g5esee road4 ,to g s fa/ & s f> means t mu* has be5 done s9ce ! fir/ small tra9 came across ! s& fields to ,s*5ectady4 ,five ye>s lat] ! tra9s ran up to ,utica4 ,?is 0 two hundr$ & two ye>s aft] ,ar5t ,van ,curl]'s j\rney along ! same riv]4 ,9 two ye>s m a little road1 tw5ty-five miles long1 _h be5 f9i%$ betwe5 ,syracuse & ,auburn2 b x 0 n until #ahci1 :5 ano!r w9t] _h pass$1 t ! l9k betwe5 ,utica & ,syracuse 0 complet$4 ,?is ran mu* ( ! way ?r\gh woods & swamps1 & 9 "s cases timb]s or piles _h to be driv5 deep to hold up ! track4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,! ,,tw5tie? ,,c5tury ,,limit$ ,^! roads 7 built by diff]5t companies1 ) no idea ( jo9+ !m all into a ?r\gh l9e4 ,:51 9 "t1 !re 0 talk ( ?is ! ,utica p did n l x4 ,!y ?\ght t x w\ld ru9 ! bus9ess ( _! t[n if pass5g]s & freight ne$ n be *ang$ !re & if tra9s w5t ru%+ ?r\gh4 ,b aft] a :ile all ! l9ks betwe5 ,new ,york & ,buffalo 7 =g$ into "o *a91 or became a 8trunk l9e10 to put x 9 ! mod]n way4 ,( c\rse x w\ld co/ less to haul ,g5esee fl\r or ,niag>a c\nty apples to ,new ,york if !y c\ld g ?r\gh 9 ! same c> 9 :i* !y 7 fir/ lock$4 ,?is soon became s pla9 t !re 0 no fur!r "q z to unit+ ! v>i\s roads4 ,we %all see h[ !y all became "o4 ,cornelius ,v&]bilt 0 ( ,dut* desc5t & 0 born on ,/at5 isl& 9 #agid4 ,he grew up 9 ! /eamboat bus9ess1 & by indu/ry & =esight became ! own] ( v>i\s l9es ply+ on ! ,hudson1 along ! coa/1 & ev5 across ! ,atlantic4 ,he _h s mu* to d ) %ipp+ t at l5g? he 0 kn[n z 8,commodore0 ,v&]bilt1 al?\gh ?is 0 a nickname & n a real title4 ,by & by he began to buy railroads1 & by #ahfi he 0 able to unite ^? ( ! ,hudson & ^? we/ ( ,albany into ! ,new ,york ,c5tral & ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad4 ,8 desc5dants h b\ght or leas$ _m o!r roads1 :i*1 tak5 toge!r1 are (t5 call$ ! ,v&]bilt sy/em4 ,?is rea*es f> we/w>d into _m /ates & jo9s o!r great cities to ! metropolis by l9es ( /eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,r\nd+ ,,! ,,noses1 ,,mohawk ,,valley ,railways 9 ,mi*igan & ,ohio 7 ti$ to ,v&]bilt's road1 & :eat & _m o!r products came to ,buffalo n only on c>s b by %ips on ! ,great ,lakes1 & 7 !n s5t to ,new ,york & across ! ocean4 ,s ! canal gradually did less bus9ess & ! railroad did m1 = p c\ld travel fa/] by rail1 & "s ?+s1 l meat & fruit1 mu/ be c>ri$ swiftly or !y w spoil on ! way4 ,n[1 in/ead ( t5-ton boats on ! ,mohawk1 or ! sl[-go+ craft ( 8,cl9ton's ,dit*10 great freight tra9s ru% d[n ! ,mohawk valley1 be>+ ne>ly a hundr$ ?\s& bu%els ( gra9 beh9d "o eng9e4 ,su* a load w\ld h f$ ,george ,wa%+ton's armies = a long "t4 ,aft] a :ile "o track 0 n suffici5t = s _m tra9s go+ ea/ & we/4 ,too mu* "t 0 lo/ 9 wait+ on sid+s & !re 0 dang] ( collision4 ,= ?is reason a second track 0 put d[n1 !n a ?ird & a f\r?1 & n[ all ! way f ,albany to ,buffalo !re are two tracks = pass5g] tra9s & two = freight4 ,d[n ! ,hudson !re are b two tracks1 because ! space betwe5 ! riv] & ! upl&s is s n>r[4 ,_m ye>s ago a rival road1 call$ ! ,we/ ,%ore ,railway1 0 built along ! we/ bank ( ! ,hudson1 & !n we/w>d to ,buffalo4 ,?is ) its two tracks 0 b\ght by ! own]s ( ! ,c5tral road1 s t n[ !y h six tracks across ! /ate4 ,ev5 ^! are h>dly en\gh1 = e ye> ! great ,we/ has m p1 raises m gra9 to %ip to ea/]n cities & to ,europe1 & requires m goods f mills & factories along ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,!re are _m local tra9s t run betwe5 ,new ,york & ,albany1 or ,albany & ,syracuse1 or ,syracuse & ,buffalo4 ,^! are conv5i5t = ! small] t[ns & cities4 ,!n !re are _m ?r\gh tra9s ^: de/9ation is ,buffalo1 ,detroit1 ,*icago1 ,indianapolis1 or ,/4 ,l\is4 ,quickly *ang+ c>s at lake ,mi*igan or ! ,mississippi riv]1 ! travel] is hurri$ on to ! ,rocky m\nta9s1 ! ,pacific ocean1 ,alaska1 or ! l&s ( ,asia or ,au/ralia across ! sea4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral is n ! only great road t runs we/w>d ?r\gh ! /ate4 ,! ,erie road 0 built ?r\gh ! s\!rn c\nties f ,new ,york to lake ,erie1 p>tly because ! t[n%ips ?r\gh :i* x runs 7 jeal\s ( ! privileges :i* ! great canal gave to ! p f>!r nor?4 ,! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n also comes f ,new ,york ?r\gh ! coal region ( ,p5nsylvania1 & runs ne> ! ,erie road to ,buffalo4 ,! l>g] cities & ! great] numb] ( t[ns are1 h[ev]1 along ! ,c5tral ,railway4 ,go+ up ! ,hudson & ! ,mohawk1 ! travel] w h>dly pass "o busy t[n be=e he is 9 sight ( ano!r4 ,:5 he looks across ! riv] & sees ,newburg he w rememb] t 9 a pla9 old h\se 9 t city ,g5]al ,wa%+ton _h 8 headqu>t]s4 ,:5 he comes 9 sight ( ,albany he w see ! great ,capitol build+ /&+ high ov] all o!rs4 ,at ,s*5ectady he w ?9k ( ,ar5t ,van ,curl] & ! old boatm5 & ! dreadful ,fr5* & ,indian massacre4 ,at ,utica he w pass ! =d :]e ?\s&s wad$ ! riv] z !y w5t to ! wild]ness4 ,at ,rome he w be rem9d$ ( ! fam\s c>ry ( ,=t ,/anwix1 ( ,/4 ,leg]1 & ( ! h]oes :o drove him back to ! nor?4 ,at ,syracuse he w ride ?r\gh miles ( closely built /reets1 & z he leaves ! city on ! we/ he w see anci5t vats ) l[ slid+ ro(s4 ,9 ^! vats c\ntless bu%els ( salt h be5 made1 z ! sun has sl[ly drawn (f ! wat] ( ! br9e 9 vapor4 ,!re 7 build+s1 too1 ) *imneys & great boil]s = mak+ salt2 b 9 ! ma9 ! city has o!r int]e/s n[4 ,x has mills & l>ge /ores1 & is a railway c5t]4 ,at ,ro*e/] our travel] crosses ! ,g5esee1 & rememb]s ! h>dy pione] :o left com=table old ,hag]/[n to build a city 9 ! swamp & =e/4 ,colonel ,ro*e/] c\ld h _h no idea ( ! f9e city he 0 />t+1 or ( ! or*>ds1 nurs]ies1 & :eat fields t w\ld be ar\nd x1 b he liv$ long en\gh to see ! fl\r mills at ! falls do+ a ?riv+ bus9ess4 ,?us :eat & fl\r made ,ro*e/] z salt made ,syracuse1 & fir/ ! canal & !n ! great railway took ^! useful ?+s to m>ket4 ,an h\r or two m & ! tra9 pulls into ,buffalo1 ! second city ( ,new ,york1 look+ on ! lake & /ret*+ out its h&s to ! great _w ( inl& sea & prairie4 ,to ,buffalo come coal & iron & meat & :eat & corn4 ,"h great elevators receive gra9 f ! %ips & load canal boats & railway c>s = ! ea/4 ,"h "s ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral tra9s turn nor? & g by ,niag>a ?r\gh ,canada to ! we/1 :ile o!rs pass (f to ! s\? & we/ & g to ,clevel&1 ,tol$o1 & ,*icago4 ,s9ce ! day :5 ! two kegs 7 fill$ ) wat] f lake ,erie1 ,buffalo has become a l>ge city1 a gateway ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,& s9ce ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton tra9 crept f ,albany to ,s*5ectady1 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railway has become great also1 = e day hundr$s ( tra9s ( goods & m5 are com+ & go+ betwe5 ! ,lakes & ! city by ! sea4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,old ,,j\rneys ,,f ,,philadelphia ,,to ,,! ,,we/ ,! p ( ,new ,york ,city l to say t ,philadelphia is sl[1 & w\ld almo/ make "o ?9k t all ! m5 !re we> ,quak] hats & act l ,william ,p5n4 ,! citiz5s ( ,philadelphia1 h[ev]1 are n mu* tr\bl$ by ?is1 = !y h a great & busy city1 & !y l to rem9d ! m5 ( ,new ,york t ,philadelphia is a 8city ( homes10 & t ! p d n live 9 great t5em5t h\ses nor d all _! bus9ess 9 8sky scrap]s40 ,! ,lib]ty ,bell hangs !re1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress sat !re1 & ! home ( ! f$]al gov]nm5t 0 !re be=e x 0 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,= a long "t ! ,quak] ,city 0 ! metropolis ( ,am]ica1 b z ,new ,york & ,baltimore grew !y took away "s ( ! trade t o!rwise w\ld h gone to ! city on ! ,delaw>e4 ,x also ceas$ to be ! capital ( ! nation & ?us _h to dep5d m on its %ipp+ & inl& bus9ess4 ,n[ to d mu* inl& bus9ess x 0 necess>y n only to rea* ! ri* l[l&s at h& b also to s5d out across ! m\nta9s4 ,?is c\ld n be done )\t roads4 ,:5 m5 w5t f ,new ,york ,city across ! m\nta9s !y f\nd ! ,great ,lakes & ! ri* pla9s on _! %ores4 ,s ,philadelphia1 look+ ov] h] m\nta9 wall1 saw ! noble valley ( ! ,ohio riv] & ! "y ,pittsburg at its gateway4 ,z ,new ,york f\nd a r\te to ! ,we/1 s ,philadelphia s\ght out its highways to ! c\ntry beyond ! ,appala*ian m\nta9s4 ,9 ?is *apt] & ! next we %all see :]e ^! highways ran4 ,! fir/ roads 7 little l ^? ( to-day1 & ! /age driv]s _h to be /eady1 cool-head$ m54 ,!re 7 _m /umps & logs 9 :at 0 call$ a road1 & ! teams 7 guid$ less by re9s ?an by %\ts 9 a k9d ( language :i* ! horses und]/ood4 ,a travel] betwe5 ,philadelphia & ,wa%+ton said t (t5 ! driv] w\ld call to ! pass5g]s to lean out ( ! c>riage on "o side or ! o!r1 s t _! weight might keep ! balance ev54 ,he w\ld say1 8,n[1 g5tlem51 to ! "r60 & ! m5 w\ld lean out z f> z !y c\ld2 or1 8,n[1 g5tlem51 to ! left60 & ov] !y w\ld sw+ to ! o!r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5nsylvania ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,,baltimore ,,& ,,ohio ,,railroad ------ ,,national ,,road - - - - - - ,,turnpike ,,f ,,philadelphia ,,to ,,pittsburg ------ ,x took /rong wagons to travel su* roads1 & sometimes ! :eels 7 cut solid by saw+ (f %ort sections ( ! butt ( a great tree1 mu* z ! :eels ( a toy c>t h be5 made by _m boys4 ,:5 a driv] 0 /uck 9 ! mud he _h to wait = o!r teams to come up1 :5 !y w\ld hook on ) him & drag him out ^u h>d gr\nd aga94 ,!y 7 a r\gh b sociable company1 ! team/]s ( ^? days1 fe$+ _! horses & crack+ _! jokes at ! tav]ns :i* l9$ ! turnpikes4 ,!y w\ld /& by "o ano!r loyally1 b :5 !y met "s f9e g5tleman on ! road !y did n object to tak+ (f a :eel or cru%+ ! frame ( 8 light c>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,p5n ,,squ>e1 ,,lanca/]1 ,,p5nsylvania1 ,,look+ ,,ea/ ,,along ,,! 8,,lanca/] ,,pike0 ,out ( ,we/ ,philadelphia to-day leads a /reet kn[n z ,lanca/] av5ue4 ,x is ! ea/]n end ( ! old 8,lanca/] pike10 ! t[n :i* gave "n to ! road be+ sixty-six miles to ! we/4 ,?is is ! olde/ turnpike road 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:5 ! pione]s 7 cle>+ up ! =e/s & build+ ! ,g5esee road 9 ,new ,york ?is region 0 already well settl$4 ,if y ride f ,philadelphia to ,lanca/] to-day1 y w see t x is an old c\ntry1 & y w n ?9k x /range :5 y le>n t s long ago z #agcj1 two ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,wa%+ton1 "s ( ! inhabitants 7 mov+ out beyond ,lanca/]4 ,?is means t !y w5t we/ ( ! ,susquehanna1 = ,lanca/] is only ab\t twelve miles ea/ ( t great riv]4 ,_m ( ! e>li] settl]s ( ?is l[l& region we/ ( ,philadelphia 7 ,g]mans4 ,william ,p5n _h invit$ "s ( ^! p to come1 & !y _h settl$ ne> by 9 ! place n[ kn[n z ,g]mant[n4 ,9 "t _m o!rs settl$ bo? ar\nd ,lanca/] & f>!r we/4 ,h5ce we he> ( 8,p5nsylvania ,dut*10 al?\gh !y 7 n really ,dut*1 :i* is a t]m belong+ r to ,holl&]s & _! desc5dants4 ,!re 7 also "s ,scot*-,iri%1 z !y 7 call$1--desc5dants ( ,scot* p :o _h migrat$ to ! nor? ( ,irel&1 :5ce _! *ildr5 _h come to ,am]ica4 ,^! 7 ,presbyt]ians1 & "s ( !m _h settl$ 9 ,new ,j]sey1 :]e !y f\nd$ ,pr9ceton ,college4 ,! c\ntry betwe5 ,philadelphia & ! ,susquehanna is "o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ f]tile regions 9 ! _w4 ,mo/ ( x is l[1 ) g5tly roll+ fields & a few high] hills4 ,"o f9e f>m jo9s ano!r1 & ! great /one h\ses look z /rong & z solid z if !y _h gr[n up out ( ! gr\nd4 ,huge *imneys rise f ! ro(s & make "o ?9k ( ! w>m fire-places & well-spread tables ( ! ?rifty ,g]man f>m]s :o built ^! h\ses & liv$ 9 !m4 ,! b>ns1 l ! h\ses1 are l>ge2 !y are (t5 built ( /one & :itewa%$1 & !y /ill hold great h>ve/s4 ,"o side ( ! b>n usually rea*es sev]al feet beyond ! high f\ndation1 & is call$ an 8ov]%oot40 ,z ! doors to ! /ables are "u ?is1 x seems to h be5 plann$ z a protection aga9/ /orms4 ,an ,engli% travel] w5t ov] ! ,lanca/] pike 9 #agif & f\nd x wor?y ( praise4 ,he said t x 0 pav$ ) /one1 cov]$ ) gravel1 & c\ld be trav]s$ 9 any season ( ! ye>4 ,ab\t "o mile ea/ ( ! public squ>e 9 ,lanca/] a f9e old ar*$ bridge ( /one c>ries ! turnpike across ,cone/oga creek1 a /ream fl[+ s\?w>d into ! ,susquehanna4 ,x takes its "n1 :i* has become fam\s 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 f a small tribe ( ,indians :o liv$ on its bord]s4 ,! e>ly inhabitants made ! wat] deep] by build+ dams ) locks1 & sail$ _! boats ) loads ( produce d[n to ! ,susquehanna4 ,9 ! common phrase ( t "t1 !y spoke ( x z ! 8,cone/oga navigation40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,bridge ,,on ,,! 8,,pike0 ,,cross+ ,,cone/oga ,,creek ,,"o ,,mile ,,ea/ ,,( ,,p5n ,,squ>e1 ,,lanca/]1 ,,p5nsylvania ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ to :i* ! "n ,cone/oga 0 giv5 0 a wagon t 0 inv5t$ 9 ?is region4 ,x 0 made v l>ge & /rong1 to c>ry freight1 & 0 drawn by f\r1 sev51 or ev5 a doz5 horses4 ,hundr$s ( ^! wagons 7 to be se5 on ! ,lanca/] pike & on ! o!r great roads ( t "t4 ,!y 7 built1 z freight c>s are n[1 to c>ry heavy loads long di/ances 9 safety4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,,tollh\se ,,eight ,,miles ,,ea/ ,,( ,,lanca/]1 ,,p5nsylvania ,^! wagons 7 unusually long1 & ! boxes curv$ upw>d at ! ends1 s t inside & out !y 7 %ap$ some:at l a canoe4 ,! advantage ( ?is 0 t ! loads did n slide1 b rode /eadily :5 ! wagons w5t up & d[n /eep hills4 ,! :eels 7 big & _h wide tires1 s t ! heavy loads w\ld n cut ! roads4 ,! /ory is told t "o ( ^! wagons ) its load ( tobacco weigh$ m ?an ?irte5 ?\s& p\nds1 or almo/ sev5 tons4 ,!y 7 pa9t$ r$ & blue1 & 7 cov]$ ) a canopy ( clo?1 s t !y look$ l ! 8prairie s*oon]s0 :i* 9 lat] days 7 ! emigrant wagons ( ! we/]n pla9s4 ,ea* wagon _h a tool box fa/5$ at ! side1 & a t> bucket & a wat] pail hung b5ea?4 ,! horses 7 well f$1 well mat*$1 & /rong1 ) good h>nesses & _m j+l+ bells4 ,! driv]s 7 r\gh-&-ready m51 :o snapp$ _! :ips 9 ! daytime1 told /ories 9 ! ev5+1 & slept at night on little mattresses ( _! own 9 front ( ! b>room fire4 ,hundr$s ( ^! wagons 7 go+ & com+ on ! roads 9 ! days :5 p 7 n dream+ ( freight tra9s1 & no d\bt ! ,cone/oga seem$ z important !n z ! *ief freight l9es n[ appe> to u4 ,9 ! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w>1 :5 !re 0 great ne$ ( wagons to c>ry ,braddock's /ores1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 0 ask$ to get "s ( ^! fam\s conveyances4 ,he succe$$1 = _m 7 to be f\nd 9 ?is "p ( ,p5nsylvania1 & he s5t on m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ( !m4 ,he ne>ly lo/ 8 =tune 9 consequ5ce1 = he told ! f>m]s he w\ld see t !y 7 paid if ! wagons & horses 7 n return$4 ,x co/ ! old patriot tw5ty ?\s& p\nds1 b =tunately ! gov]nm5t aft]w>ds paid ! money back to him4 ,n long ago ! writ] saw "o ( ^! wagons1 ) a boat-%ap$ box1 b )\t a canopy1 9 use on a f>m ne> ,lanca/]4 ,foll[+ ! pike we/w>d = twelve miles f ,lanca/]1 ! travel] crosses ! ,susquehanna riv] at ,columbia4 ,! old bridge 0 de/roy$ long ago1 b ! pres5t "o1 al?\gh x looks new1 is h>dly us$ 9 a mod]n way4 ,x is n>r[1 ) a plank floor1 & x s]ves = railway tra9s & wagons1 z well z = foot pass5g]s4 ,!re is no sep>ate place = any ( ^!1 s :5 a tra9 or wagon goes on at ei!r end a telegram is s5t to ! o!r end to keep c>s & c>riages f ent]+ ! bridge !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,hambright',s ,,hotel1 ,,on ,,! 8,,pike10 ,,?ree ,,miles ,,we/ ,,( ,,lanca/]1 ,,p5nsylvania ,along ! 8,pike0 is an electric road1 :i* c>ries p m swiftly & d\btless ) less du/ & jolt+ ?an did ! old /ages4 ,hambright's ,hotel1 %[n 9 ! picture above1 is on ?is road1 &1 ) its big *imneys & high1 long-h&l$ pump1 %[s h[ _m ( ! anci5t hotels look$4 ,!y seem lonely en\gh n[1 b !y 7 gay & busy places !n4 ,x is v appropriate t ! company :i* runs all ! /reet c>s 9 & ab\t ,lanca/] calls itself ,! ,cone/oga ,traction ,company4 ,we/w>d f ! ,susquehanna1 9 :at we %all "k 9 a lat] *apt] z ! ,great ,valley1 are "s com=table old t[ns be>+ ! names ( ,c>lisle1 ,%ipp5sburg1 & ,*amb]sburg4 ,! pike passes ?r\gh ^! & on to ! old t[n ( ,b$=d4 ,!n x ent]s a high1 r\gh /rip ( l& t 0 cov]$ ) =e/ long aft] ,philadelphia _h become a city & ! f>m]s ab\t ,lanca/] _h built _! great h\ses & b>ns4 ,at ! o!r end ( ?is wild]ness 0 ,pittsburg4 ,! road f ,b$=d to ,pittsburg 0 cut ?r\gh ! woods 9 #ageh1 9 ! "t ( ! ,fr5* & ,indian w>s1 & is sometimes call$ ,=bes's road1 f ! g5]al :o direct$ ! mak+ ( x4 ,x 0 us$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,revolution1 & _m =ts 7 built to gu>d x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,old ,,road ,,h\se1 ,,"o ,,mile ,,we/ ,,( ,,*amb]sburg1 ,,p5nsylvania ,?is roadway 0 s important t ! ,p5nsylvania gov]nm5t1 a few ye>s aft] ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 took x 9 h& & improv$ x4 ,?us !re 0 a l9e ( travel ov] ! old] highway to ,lanca/] & ,b$=d1 & !nce ov] ! new] road to ,pittsburg4 ,! :ole road l$ f ! seabo>d to ! ,ohio riv] & 0 (t5 call$ ! ,pittsburg pike4 ,we h n[ le>n$ ( two great1 well-trodd5 r\tes f ea/ to we/1--! r\te ( ! ,hudson & ! ,mohawk ?r\gh ,new ,york1 & ! r\te ?r\gh ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,p5nsylvania f ,philadelphia to ,pittsburg4 ,9 lay+ out su* roads ! pione]s almo/ always foll[$ trails t ! ,indians _h made4 ,= long g5]ations ! r$ m5 _h foll[$ ! same pa?s1 beat+ !m smoo? & deep 9 ! =e/ e>?4 ,! :ite m5 wid5$ ! trail by us+ pack horses1 load+ ! bea/s well ) all sorts ( ?+s4 ,! next /ep 0 to cut away trees1 take out ! /ones1 & make roads = wagons4 ,c>ry+ by pack horses1 h[ev]1 _h become a great bus9ess1 & ! horse own]s 7 v angry :5 ! wagons began to take away _! trade4 ,9 #ahcj a ,p5nsylvania citiz51 !n ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s old1 told ( see+ ! fir/ wagon rea* ,c>lisle1 & he rememb]$ h[ furi\s ! 8pack]s0 7 because !y fe>$ t !y w\ld lose _! bus9ess4 ,x did n occur to !m t !y c\ld h>ness _! horses into teams1 buy /rong wagons1 & be ready to make money 9 ! new way in/ead ( ! old4 ,! horse own]s 7 q z angry ab\t /agecoa*es1 & !y sometimes de/roy$ ! coa*es & injur$ ! pass5g]s to v5t _! spite4 ,moreov]1 z p (t5 l an excuse = do+ wrong1 & = h>bor+ mean feel+s1 ^! m5 said t ! /age bus9ess 0 bad = ! clo? mak]s & tailors1 because p c\ld ride 9 coa*es )\t spoil+ _! f9e clo!s1 :]eas :5 !y rode on horseback !y soon ru9$ !m & _h to buy new ones4 ,almo/ any excuse w s]ve ^? to :om no way seems good except _! own4 ,philadelphia n[ _h its connection ) ,pittsburg & ! ,ohio riv] & ! ri* l&s bord]+ x1 z ,new ,york _h its way lead+ to ,buffalo & ! ,great ,lakes & ! prairies4 ,b ! s\!rn road cross$ a r\gh] c\ntry ?an did ! nor!rn "o1 & s x 0 less easily kept 9 ord] & 0 h>d] to travel4 ,h5ce ,philadelphia1 l ,new ,york1 s\ght bett] means ( communication ) ! c\ntry on ! o!r side ( ! m\nta9s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,a horse railroad _h be5 built f ,philadelphia to ! ,susquehanna riv]1 & ! big ,cone/oga wagons 7 runn+ along ! pike to ,pittsburg2 b ?is 0 n en\gh4 ,new ,york _h /irr$ ! :ole c\ntry by its great canal1 & ! p along ! ,potomac 7 ?9k+ ( simil> s*emes4 ,p5nsylvania c\ld n re/ idle1 & decid$ to h a canal ( its own4 ,9 #ahbf ! dit* 0 begun at ,columbia1 :]e ! railroad end$1 &1 foll[+ ! cu/om ( ! times1 ^? 9 *>ge />t$ ! "w on ,indep5d5ce ,day4 ,9 f\r ye>s !y _h dug ! canal1 let 9 ! wat]1 & 7 runn+ boats z f> z ,h>risburg4 ,a few miles above ,h>risburg ! canal turn$ away f ! ma9 riv] & foll[$ its great we/]n bran*1 ! ,juniata4 ,?is riv] cuts ?r\gh ! high ridges1 or fl[s betwe5 !m z be/ x c1 tak+ a v w9d+ c\rse4 ,! valley is (t5 n>r[ & its sides are /eep & rugg$4 ,/ill x has no heavy grades along ! bottom1 & x l$ ! canal digg]s f> into ! m\nta9s1 to a village call$ ,hollidaysburg4 ,"h ! highl&s are s /eep t ! canal _h to /op4 ,! ,allegh5y ,front is almo/ f\rte5 hundr$ feet above ,hollidaysburg1 & on ! o!r side ! ,conemaugh riv] ru%es swiftly d[n pa/ ! city ( ,john/[n1 :i* is sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-"o feet bel[ ! summit4 ,hollidaysburg & ,john/[n are ?irty-eight miles ap>t1 & ! upl&s ly+ betwe5 are s /eep & high t to cut ?r\gh !m 0 out ( ! "q4 ,b ^? :o 7 int]e/$ 9 ! canal 7 n to be beat51 & !y kept on digg+ bo? to ! ea/ & to ! we/4 ,beyond ,john/[n !y c>ri$ ! canal to ! ,ohio riv] at ,pittsburg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,freight ,,locomotive1 ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,meantime ! high gr\nds on ! divide 7 n neglect$4 ,a fam\s road1 ! ,allegh5y ,portage ,railway1 0 built ) sev]al incl9$ planes4 ,/ation>y eng9es pull$ ! c>s up ea* slope1 b on ! level p>ts ( ! road !y 7 drawn by horses4 ,! road 0 n c>ri$ to ! top1 b ne>ly two hundr$ feet bel[ a tunnel 0 cut ab\t a mile long4 ,! entrance to "o end ( ?is tunnel is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,,entrance ,,to ,,tunnel1 ,,old ,,portage ,,railway ,! two great sections ( ! canal & ! ,portage ,railway 7 f9i%$ 9 #ahce4 ,goods !n w5t by rail f ,philadelphia to ,columbia on ! ,susquehanna riv]4 ,!re ! boats took !m to ! ea/ end ( ! ,portage road4 ,! next haul 0 ov] ! ,allegh5y ,front1 ) its l(ty =e/s1 to ,john/[n4 ,!n ! boats receiv$ ! m]*&ise & l&$ x 9 ,pittsburg1 :5ce o!r boats c\ld c>ry x to any t[n on ! ,ohio riv]4 ,! ,hit or ,miss 0 "o ( ! boats t came up to ,hollidaysburg4 ,x 0 desirable to take ?is p>ticul> boat ov] ! heights1 s a c> 0 built :i* w\ld fit its keel4 ,! c> 0 dragg$ up ! ea/ side ( ! m\nta9 & d[n to ,john/[n1 :]e ! boat 0 put into ! wat] aga9 & s5t (f to ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,we c n[ look across a gorge f ! coa*es ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 beyond ,altoona1 & see ! grade ( ! old ,portage ,railway4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,,broad ,,/reet ,,/ation1 ,,philadelphia3 ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,! canal almo/ put out ( bus9ess ! ,cone/oga wagons on ! du/y pike :i* _h se5 s mu* travel by way ( ,c>lisle & ,b$=d4 ,b ! p did n /op ) a canal4 ,l ! m5 ( ,new ,york1 !y want$ some?+ ev5 bett] ?an t4 ,!y wi%$ to h a railroad all ! way1 & 9 #ahdf ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company 0 incorporat$4 ,by ?is "t x 0 v well kn[n t railroads 7 successful bo? 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,engl&1 & t /eam 0 bett] ?an horses4 ,ov] ! ,allegh5y ,front a r\te 0 f\nd :]e ! grades 7 n too /eep = locomotives4 ,! grade1 ( c\rse1 _h be5 ! "o great h9drance to ! :ole project1 & :5 ?is difficulty 0 ov]come !re 0 no reason :y pass5g]s %\ld n be c>ri$ f ,philadelphia to ,pittsburg1 or a load ( iron f ,pittsburg to ,philadelphia1 )\t *ang+ c>s4 ,9 ! ye> #ahed ! ,p5nsylvania p triumph$1 = !y _h conqu]$ ! m\nta9s & c\ld run tra9s f ! banks ( ! ,delaw>e to ! ,ohio riv]4 ,if we leave ,philadelphia by ! great ,broad /reet /ation ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 we %all pass out among ! pleasant homes ( ,we/ ,philadelphia & ?r\gh ! f9e f>ms ( ! ,p5nsylvania l[l&s1 until we come1 9 ab\t an h\r & a half1 to ! /aid old city ( ,lanca/]4 ,we h be5 "h be=e1 to le>n ( turnpikes & ,cone/oga freight]s4 ,! next /op1 if we are on an express tra91 w be at ,h>risburg1 a little m ?an a hundr$ miles f ,philadelphia4 ,we h n[ come f ! ,delaw>e to ! ,susquehanna1 & are close to ! m\nta9s4 ,be=e we g 9 among !m let u see ,h>risburg4 ,x is a city ( fifty ?\s& p1 & lies along ! ea/ bank ( ! ,susquehanna1 :i* "h is a great riv] a mile wide1 hav+ ga!r$ its tribute ( wat]s f hundr$s ( bran*+ /reams 9 ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,,bridge1 ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad1 ,,above ,,h>risburg ,n f> to ! ea/ a small /ream runs p>allel to ! ma9 riv]1 & ! l>g] "p ( ,h>risburg is on high] gr\nd betwe5 ! two4 ,on ! highe/ "p ( ?is ridge is ! /ate capitol1 a great build+ b rec5tly f9i%$4 ,h>risburg is at ! "r po9t = ! /ate gov]nm5t4 ,x is n 9 ! c5t] ( ! /ate1 to be sure1 b x is at ! re> ( ! l[l&s :i* rea* 9 f ! sea1 & is j outside ! great gateway :]e roads f all ! nor!rn1 we/]n1 & c5tral upl&s come out on ! pla94 ,x is a conv5i5t c5t] = coal & iron1 & h5ce "o sees along ! riv] bel[ ! city _m bla/ furnaces1 roll+ mills1 & factories4 ,to ! nor!a/ ri*1 op5 l&s /ret* along ! base ( ,blue m\nta91 & railroads jo9 ,h>risburg to ,read+1 ,all5t[n1 ,be?lehem1 & ,ea/on4 ,to ! s\?we/ bridges cross ! ,susquehanna1 & roads run to ,c>lisle1 ,hag]/[n1 & o!r cities ( ! ,great ,valley 7,*apt] ,,xi74 ,?us ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 runn+ nor?we/ f ,philadelphia1 crosses at ,h>risburg o!r roads t run to ! s\?we/4 ,z hamlets (t5 ga!r ab\t 8f\r corn]s0 9 ! c\ntry1 s cities gr[ up :]e ! great roads ( ! _w cross ea* o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,,%ops1 ,,altoona ,leav+ ,h>risburg beh9d1 we pass ! spl5did new bridge ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 across ! ,susquehanna 7,fig4 #bi71 & g ?r\gh ! gap 9 ,blue m\nta94 ,soon we turn away f ! ma9 riv] & ent] ! w9d+ valley ( ! ,juniata4 ,! grades are easy1 ! roadb$ is smoo?1 & by deep cuts ?r\gh ! rocks ! curves h be5 made less abrupt4 ,x is only :5 "o looks out ( ! c> w9d[ t ! l& is f\nd to be rugg$ & m\nta9\s4 ,all ! great] valleys & ridges ( ! m\nta9 belt ( ,p5nsylvania run nor!a/ & s\?we/4 ,! la/ ( ^! to be cross$ on our j\rney is ,bald ,eagle valley1 f :i* ! ,allegh5y ,front rises to ! nor?we/4 ,9 ?is valley1 ne> ! place :]e ! ,portage ,railway began to scale ! heights1 & a little m ?an a hundr$ miles f ,pittsburg1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company 9 #ahej f\nd$ a t[n & call$ x ,altoona4 ,"h !y />t$ %ops1 :i* h n[ gr[n to notable importance4 ,! t[n became a city eighte5 ye>s aft] x 0 begun1 & has to-day ab\t =ty ?\s& inhabitants4 ,9 ! railway %ops alone may be f\nd n9e ?\s& m5 repair+ & build+ locomotives1 pass5g] coa*es1 & freight c>s4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company is n[ f\nd+ a great s*ool 9 ,altoona1 :]e "y m5 may be taught to become skillful & effici5t 9 railway s]vice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,,horse%oe ,,curve1 ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,altoona looks new1 & ) its endless freight y>ds1 its noisy %ops1 & its sooty cov] ( smoke f burn+ s(t coal1 x is v diff]5t f quiet ,lanca/]1 :i* 0 old :5 =e/s cov]$ ! site ( ,altoona4 ,on our way to ,pittsburg we are soon pull+ up ! ,allegh5y ,front by a great loop1 or b5d1 :i* enables ! tracks to rea* ! summit m ?an a ?\s& feet above ,altoona4 ,ne/l+ )9 ! great b5d is a res]voir ( wat] to supply ! h\ses & %ops ( ! city ly+ bel[4 ,pass+ ! highe/ po9t1 we f9d ourselves desc5d+ ! valley ( ! ,conemaugh riv] to ,john/[n1 & surr\nd$ by ! high l&s ( ! ,allegh5y plateau4 ,john/[n is mu* old] ?an ,altoona1 = x 0 settl$ 9 #agia1 b x has n gr[n s fa/1 & has only ab\t z _m inhabitants z ! city ( railroad %ops4 ,mo/ p "k ( ,john/[n because ( ! flood :i* ru9$ ! place 9 #ahhi4 ,sev]al miles above ! t[n 0 a res]voir m ?an two miles long & 9 sev]al places "o hundr$ feet deep4 ,aft] ! heavy ra9s ( t spr+ ! dam broke on ! la/ day ( ,may1 & ! wild ru% ( wat]s de/roy$ ! t[n4 ,homes1 /ores1 %ops1 & mills 7 torn away & c>ri$ d[n ! riv]4 ,cl>a ,b>ton ( ! ,r$ ,cross1 :o w5t to ,john/[n z soon z %e c\ld get !re1 says t ! few h\ses t 7 n cru%$ & /rewn along ! valley 7 turn$ upside d[n4 ,m ?an two ?\s& m51 wom51 & *ildr5 lo/ _! lives1 & ^? t 7 left 7 9 m\rn+ & pov]ty4 ,! :ole l& s5t 9 its gifts ( money1 clo?+1 & food1 & ! t[n 0 built up aga9 into a prosp]\s city4 ,ne> ! city are f\nd coal1 iron1 lime/one1 & fire clay1 & ^! ?+s make x easy to e/abli% iron works4 ,! ,cambria ,/eel ,company gives "w to t5 ?\s& m5 9 its %ops1 m9es1 & furnaces4 ,! ma9 l9e ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad runs d[n ! rugg$ ,conemaugh valley ?r\gh ,john/[n1 & is its *ief means ( traffic4 ,z we g on to ! we/ we ne> ,pittsburg1 b fir/ we pass ?r\gh a numb] ( /irr+ t[ns4 ,at "o place fire bricks are made1 & ! clay = mold+ !m & ! coal = burn+ !m are f\nd 9 ! same hill4 ,9 ano!r t[n !re are coal m9es & glass works4 ,f>!r we/ ! ,p5nsylvania road has m repair %ops1 & ,braddock is ! great ,c>negie t[n4 ,we %all see :y _m ?riv+ "y cities h gr[n up 9 ?is region :5 we take up ,pittsburg1 ab\t :i* !y are all clu/]$4 ,at ,pittsburg we pull into "o ( ! f9e/ railway /ations 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we may /op 9 ! city ( coal & iron1 or we may g on to ! we/1 ov] "o ( ! ma9 arms ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad sy/em4 ,if we take ! nor!rn bran*1 x w c>ry u across ,ohio to ,=t ,wayne 9 ,indiana & to ,*icago4 ,if we bo>d a tra9 on ! s\!rn arm1 we %all g ?r\gh ,columbus & ,indianapolis1 & be set d[n on ! f>!r side ( ! ,mississippi riv] at ,/4 ,l\is4 ,nor? & s\? f ! great ea/ & we/ trunk l9es run _m %ort] roads1 or 8spurs40 ,on ! ea/ !re is a network ( %ort roads 9 ,new ,j]sey1 & "o ( ! busie/ p>ts ( ! :ole sy/em is t :i* jo9s ,wa%+ton to ,baltimore1 ,philadelphia1 & ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,,rock ,,cut1 ,,along ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,we/ f ,philadelphia = a long di/ance !re are f\r tracks1 & on ei!r side may be se5 neat h$ges1 su* z "o f9ds along ! railways ( ,engl&4 ,9 ! m\nta9s x is (t5 h>d to make a roadb$ wide en\gh = f\r tracks1 & h5ce !re may be only ?ree or ev5 two 9 "s places4 ,no d\bt f\r w 9 "t be built ?r\gh to ,pittsburg1 = _m millions ( doll>s are sp5t 9 improv+ ! road4 ,in/ead ( hav+ a long circuit ar\nd ! hills1 tunnels & va/ cuts 9 ! b$ rock are made s z to /raight5 ! l9e4 ,?us bo? pass5g] & freight tra9s are able to make bett] "t1 & ! road c c>ry ! /ores ( iron & coal :i* are f\nd 9 ! l&s on ei!r side4 ,"s ( ! freight y>ds are always cr[d$ ) c>s1 & at ,h>risburg ! company is build+ sep>ate tracks ar\nd ! city1 s t ?r\gh freight tra9s ne$ n be delay$4 ,at ,new ,york ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad n[ has its /ation on ! ,new ,j]sey side ( ! ,hudson riv]1 b x is build+ a tunnel "u ! riv]4 ,! company has already b\ght sev]al city blocks & has torn away ! build+s4 ,"h x w build "o ( ! greate/ pass5g] /ations 9 ! _w4 ,! tunnel w run on to ! ea/1 "u ! /reets & %ops ( ,manhattan1 & "u ! ,ea/ riv]4 ,?us "u ,new ,york & its surr\nd+ wat]s tra9s c g to ! ea/ end ( ,long ,isl&4 ,p5nsylvania has told u ! same /ory t we le>n$ f ,new ,york4 ,we read x aga93 fir/1 h[ ! ,indian's pa? 0 beat5 deep] & wid] by ! ho(s ( ! pack horse1 be>+ goods to sell & b>t] 9 ! wild]ness2 !n h[ /rips ( =e/ 7 cut d[n to make room = ! ,cone/oga wagons & ! gay /ages t swept ?r\gh f ,philadelphia to ,pittsburg4 ,^! 9 _! turn became old-fa%ion$ :5 ! canal & ,portage ,railway 7 done1 & n[ we sit 9 a c> t is l a palace1 & ?9k canals & ,cone/ogas v old /ories inde$4 ,9 future g5]ations swift air %ips may take ! wond] away f ! ,empire ,/ate ,express1 & make u li/5 unmov$ :5 a man1 /&+ 9 ! /ation at ,philadelphia1 calls ! limit$ tra9 = ,pittsburg1 ,c9c9nati1 & ,/4 ,l\is4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,national ,,road ,! sea rea*es inl& almo/ to ! nor!a/ corn] ( ! /ate ( ,m>yl&4 ,?is long1 wide arm ( ! ocean receives _m riv]s & is kn[n z ,*esapeake bay4 ,ne> its nor? end is ,baltimore1 "o ( ! f\r great cities ( our ,atlantic coa/4 ,x is "o hundr$ & fifty miles f ! op5 sea4 ,if1 in/ead ( sail+ up ! bay1 we %\ld turn t[>d ! we/1 we c\ld g up ! ,potomac riv]1 :i* is deep & wide4 ,on our way we %\ld pass ,wa%+ton's e/ates at ,m\nt ,v]non1 ! old city ( ,alex&ria1 & ! national capital1 ,wa%+ton4 ,we c\ld n sail mu* f>!r because !re are falls 9 ! ,potomac :i* %ips _c pass4 ,! ,potomac runs s close to ,*esapeake bay t x is only =ty miles f ,wa%+ton across to ,baltimore4 ,*esapeake bay is mu* l ,delaw>e bay & ! tidal ,hudson riv]1 only x is l>g] ?an ei!r4 ,baltimore is at a great] di/ance f ! op5 sea ?an ,philadelphia is1 & ,philadelphia is f>!r inl& ?an ,new ,york1 b ea* ( ^! cities tri$ to get z mu* ( ! we/]n trade z x c\ld4 ,! natural way = ! m5 ( ,baltimore & ,alex&ria to g across to ! we/ 0 up ! ,potomac riv] & ?r\gh its passes 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,b be=e !y tri$ ?is !y _h settl$ mu* ( ! l[1 flat l& along ! ,potomac & ab\t ! ,*esapeake 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&4 ,?is 0 (t5 call$ 8tide-wat] c\ntry10 because ! b$s ( ! riv]s are bel[ sea level1 & ! /reams are deep en\gh = boats ( "s size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,,tollh\se ,,we/ ,,( ,,br[nsville1 ,,p5nsylvania ,:5 ! l& 0 fir/ settl$ & ! coloni/s f\nd t !y c\ld g almo/ ev]y:]e by boat1 !y paid small he$ to mak+ roads4 ,!y c\ld visit _! neighbors on o!r plantations & !y c\ld load _! tobacco & take x to m>ket by ! riv]s4 ,_m plantations 7 beside riv]s ( su* great dep? t sail+ vessels b\nd = ,london c\ld come up to ! f>m]'s :>f & get 8 crop ( tobacco4 ,9 e>ly days ! memb]s ( ! legislature 7 n always giv5 s mu* p] mile to pay ! /age f>es betwe5 _! homes & ! capital1 b !y 7 all[$ ! co/ ( hir+ boats in/ead4 ,_m f]ries 7 ne$$1 & laws ab\t !m 7 made be=e rules 7 laid d[n = bridges & roads4 ,sev]al lawmak]s at "o "t w\ld h be5 f9$ = _! abs5ce f ! legislature ( ! colony _h !y n be5 excus$ because !re 0 no f]ry to c>ry !m ov] ! riv] :i* !y w\ld h _h to cross4 ,ar\nd ,annapolis 8roll+ roads0 7 made4 ,^! 7 wide pa?s made z smoo? z possible1 9 ord] t l>ge hog%eads ( tobacco might be roll$1 ea* by two m51 to ! m>ket 9 t old t[n4 ,aft] a "t ! l[l&s ( ! coa/ region began to fill up & ! p 7 pu%+ we/w>d1 j z !y did 9 ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york4 ,no man _h s great a "p 9 ?is we/w>d movem5t z ! "y surveyor1 ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,9 #agdh he 0 sixte5 ye>s old1 a tall1 /rong lad1 full ( c\rage & en]gy4 ,"l ,william ,fairfax1 a ri* ,engli% g5tleman :o _h settl$ 9 ,virg9ia1 _h b\ght great tracts ( =e/ l& up ! ,potomac beh9d ! ,blue ,ridge m\nta9s1 & he 0 eag] to h !m survey$4 ,kn[+ t ,wa%+ton _h /udi$ survey+1 ,fairfax ask$ him to und]take ! task4 ,! boy cons5t$2 he w5t beyond ! ,blue ,ridge into ! c\ntry along ! ,%5&oah1 camp$ 9 ! woods1 swam ! riv]s1 t\gh5$ 8 muscles1 le>n$ ! ways ( ! r$ m51 & ?ree ye>s lat] came back1 a gr[n man1 ready = great ?+s4 ,:ile ,wa%+ton 0 gett+ 8 practice z a surveyor ! ,ohio ,company 0 =m$ to take up l&s along ! ,ohio riv]1 & to keep ! ,fr5* f settl+ !re4 ,lawr5ce1 ,wa%+ton's eld] bro!r1 0 "o ( ! *ief m5 ( ?is company4 ,9 #agec ,wa%+ton himself w5t we/ to ! ,ohio riv]4 ,day by day ! ,fr5* 7 tak+ a firm] hold ( t c\ntry1 & ,d9widdie1 ! old ,scotti% gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 look$ ab\t = "s "o to c>ry a w>n+ lett] to ! comm&] ( "o ( _! new =ts4 ,! mess5g] 0 also to keep 8 eyes op5 & report :at ! ,fr5* 7 do+ on ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,ohio4 ,he *ose ,wa%+ton1 say+1 8,fai?1 y're a brave lad1 &1 if y play y\r c>ds well1 y %all h no cause to rep5t y\r b>ga940 ,wa%+ton did n wait1 b left on ! day he receiv$ 8 commission1 late 9 ,octob]1 #agec4 ,*ri/oph] ,gi/1 a fam\s fronti]sman1 0 secur$ z guide1 & we c h no d\bt t he & ,wa%+ton =m$ a team1 ready to meet ,fr5*m51 r$ m51 & ! dang]s ( riv] & =e/4 ,!y made up _! little p>ty :]e ! city ( ,cumb]l&1 ,m>yl&1 n[ /&s4 ,x is f> up ! ,potomac1 9 ! he>t ( ! m\nta9s1--a long way beyond ! ,blue ,ridge & ! l&s :]e ,wa%+ton _h be5 survey+4 ,at ?is place a l>ge /ream call$ ,wills creek cuts ?r\gh "o ( ! m\nta9 ridges by a deep gorge & ent]s ! ,potomac4 ,on a hill1 :]e ^! /reams come toge!r1 0 ,=t ,cumb]l&1 ! great outpo/ ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&4 ,a f9e *ur* n[ /&s on ! gr\nd ( ! old =t1 9 ! he>t ( ! busy city ( ,cumb]l&4 ,?is 0 ! />t+ po9t = ,wa%+ton's exp$ition & = _m lat] ones into ! we/]n wild]ness4 ,wa%+ton made 8 dang]\s j\rney ) success4 ,he br\ght back a lett] f ! ,fr5* comm&]1 b ( mu* great] value 0 ! /ory ( all t he _h se54 ,! coloni/s n[ knew j :at !y w\ld h to d to keep possession ( ! ,ohio l&s4 ,x 0 n long be=e ,wa%+ton w5t aga9 z comm&+ (fic] ( a small army1 & 9 #agee he s]v$ "u ,g5]al ,braddock 9 ! fam\s battle :i* result$ 9 ! defeat ( ! ,engli% & ! dea? ( _! g5]al4 ,wa%+ton1 z we "k1 br\ght (f ! troops ) honor to himself4 ,9 ea* ( ^! exp$itions some?+ 0 done t[>d cutt+ away ! trees & grad+ a road f ,=t ,cumb]l& to ! head ( ! ,ohio riv] at ,pittsburg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,,mile/one ,,on ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,braddock',s ,,road1 ,,ne> ,,fro/burg1 ,,m>yl& ,on ! l9e ( ,braddock's road1 a doz5 miles we/ ( ,cumb]l&1 is a mile/one1 set up ab\t a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago4 ,a photograph ( x is %[n above4 ,x is a r\gh br[n /one1 /&+ 9 a pa/ure half a mile outside ! city ( ,fro/burg1 9 we/]n ,m>yl&4 ,! /one 0 once tak5 away & brok51 b x has s9ce be5 set up aga9 & cem5t$ into a base ( concrete4 ,! view %[s h[ x has be5 split up & d[n4 ,on "o side are directions1 & on ! o!r are ! words1 8,our ,c\ntry's ,rights ,we ,w ,def5d40 ,braddock's j\rney f ,alex&ria to ,=t ,duquesne 0 an uncom=table "o1 to say no?+ ( its disa/r\s end4 ,he b\ght a c>riage to ride 91 b ! road 0 n suit$ to a coa*1 z 7 ! roads he knew 9 old ,engl&4 ,beyond ,cumb]l&1 especially1 9 spite ( all ! "w 8 m5 c\ld d ^u x1 x 0 s bad t he 0 =c$ to take ,wa%+ton's advice & *ange ! baggage f wagons to pack horses4 ,gradually1 z "t w5t on1 ^! r\gh pa?s 7 beat5 d[n into smoo!r ?or\ghf>es4 ,! same causes t l$ to ! developm5t ( ! ,nor? 7 work+ also at ! ,s\?4 ,along ! ,potomac1 z 9 ,new ,york & 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ! /ream ( colonial life fl[$ we/w>d4 ,fir/ ! pione]s settl$ ! l[l&s ar\nd ,*esapeake bay & along ! deep riv]s2 !n z _! /r5g? & c\rage rea*$ beyond ! m\nta9s !y f\nd ! =e/s & f]tile soil beh9d ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,f>!r )9 ! rugg$ highl&s !y built ,=t ,cumb]l& & s5t out discov]]s & armies to ! ,ohio riv]4 ,:5 ! woods 7 cle>$ & t[ns & /ates grew up on ! ,ohio1 !re 0 frequ5t occasion to cross ! m\nta9s = trade1 = travel1 & to rea* ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 :i* 9 #ahja 0 mov$ to ,wa%+ton on ! ,potomac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,,old ,,road ,,h\se1 ,,br[nsville1 ,,p5nsylvania ,^! glimpses ( colonial j\rneys w help u to und]/& :y ! ,national ,road came to be built4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s ago ! gov]nm5t began to take a great int]e/ 9 op5+ roads1 especially across ! ,appala*ian m\nta9s1 to ,ohio1 ,k5tucky1 & o!r p>ts ( ! ,mississippi valley4 ,wa%+ton1 :o di$ 9 #agii1 _h said mu* ab\t ?is "w1 = he n only want$ we/]n trade to come to ,virg9ia in/ead ( go+ to ,new ,orleans1 b he also felt t s long z ! m\nta9s kept ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ ap>t we %\ld nev] h "o common c\ntry1 held toge!r by fri5dly feel+s4 ,! p ( ,baltimore1 l ^? ( ,new ,york & ,philadelphia1 7 eag] to h ! be/ road to ! ,we/1 t _! bus9ess might be b5efit$4 ,n f> f ,baltimore is an old place call$ ,joppa1 & sev]al roads are /ill kn[n z 8,joppa roads40 ,! t[n is old] ?an ,baltimore & 0 once ! *ief trad+ t[n 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,m>yl&2 b ,baltimore 0 well situat$ on an arm ( ! great bay1 & by ?is "t _h gone f> ahead ( its old rival4 ,a numb] ( good roads _h be5 built 9 ,m>yl&1 among !m a fam\s "o lead+ out we/w>d to ,fr$]ick4 ,?is 0 9 ! direction ( ,hag]/[n1 & /ill f>!r we/ 0 ,cumb]l&4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t decid$ to build a great road to ,ohio1 beg9n+ at ,cumb]l&4 ,to get ! b5efit ( ?is1 ! m5 ( ,baltimore w5t to "w to pu% ! ,fr$]ick pike we/w>d to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,national ,road4 ,s x came ab\t 9 #ahaa t ! fir/ contracts 7 let = build+ p>ts ( ! ,national ,road4 ,we rememb] t ! ,erie canal 0 n />t$ until six ye>s lat]4 ,! act ( ,congress :i* ord]$ ! mak+ ( ! road provid$ t a /rip f\r rods wide %\ld be cle>$ ( trees1 t x %\ld be built up 9 ! middle ) brok5 /one1 gravel1 or o!r mat]ial good = roads1 & t all /eep slopes %\ld be avoid$4 ,! road 0 op5$ to ! public 9 #ahah1 "o ye> aft] ! ,erie canal 0 begun4 ,! orig9al plan 0 to make x sev5 hundr$ miles long1 rea*+ f ,cumb]l& to ! ,mississippi riv]1 b x 0 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,! ,m>yl& roads1 z we h se51 ran we/ f ,baltimore & ,wa%+ton to ,fr$]ick1 ea/ ( ! ,blue ,ridge2 to ,hag]/[n1 9 ! ,great ,valley2 & to ,cumb]l&1 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,cumb]l& is a /irr+ t[n ( ab\t tw5ty ?\s& p1 & ) its great bus9ess 9 coal1 iron1 & railroads x seems l a l>g] city4 ,!nce ! ,national ,road runs ?r\gh ! gap 9 ,wills m\nta9 7,fig4 #cf7 to ,fro/burg1 a doz5 miles we/ & fifte5 hundr$ feet high]4 ,! road soon be>s nor?w>d into ,p5nsylvania & crosses ! ,monongahela riv] at ,br[nsville1 ab\t =ty miles s\? ( ,pittsburg4 ,coal is m9$ "h1 & boats 7 runn+ 9 ^? e>ly days1 z coal b>ges & /eamboats run to-day1 d[n to ! great iron city4 ,f ,br[nsville ! pike leads ov] ! hills & comes d[n to ! ,ohio riv] at ,:eel+1 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,x !n passes on ?r\gh ,ohio1 t\*+ ,columbus1 ! capital1 on ! way to ,indiana & ! ,mississippi4 ,we sometimes admire ! c>s m>k$ ) ! sign ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates po/ (fice1 :i* we see drawn by a swift locomotive at a spe$ ( sixty miles an h\r2 b :5 ! gov]nm5t put its mail coa*es on ! ,national ,road f ,wa%+ton to ,:eel+1 no d\bt !y seem$ q z wond]ful to ! p ( t "t4 ,& x 0 only tw5ty-five ye>s s9ce ! p ( ,utica _h ?\ght x s rem>kable t six lett]s _h come to !m 9 "o mail6 ,soon pass5g] coa*es 7 ru%+ along at t5 miles an h\r1 & sometimes ev5 fa/]4 ,!re 7 canvas-cov]$ freight wagons1 ea* ( :i* c>ri$ t5 tons1 _h re> :eels t5 feet high1 & 0 drawn by twelve horses4 ,9 ^? days life 0 full ( /irr+ int]e/ on ! ,national ,road4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,,cumb]l& ,,& ,,! ,,gap ,,9 ,,wills ,,m\nta9 ,!re 7 rates ( toll = all sorts ( animals & wagons4 ,! toll 0 high] = hogs ?an = %eep1 & m 0 *>g$ = cattle ?an = hogs4 ,if ! wagons _h v wide tires1 no toll 0 dem&$4 ,driv]s sometimes li$ ab\t ! numb] ( p 9 _! /ages1 s z to pay less toll4 ,! /ages 7 n own$ by ! driv]s b by companies1 :i* bid = travel]s & freight1 z railways d n[4 ,!re 7 p5alties = injur+ mile/ones or defac+ bridges1 %[+ t "s p !n 7 l "s p n[4 ,! companies _h int]e/+ names4 ,!re 7 ! 8,good ,int5t10 8,ohio ,national ,/age ,l9es10 ! 8,pilot10 8,pione]10 8,june ,bug10 & 8,defiance40 ,n "o ( !m c>$ = mud or du/1 = horses or m51 if only x c\ld be ! fir/ to rea* its de/9ation4 ,!re mu/ h be5 du/ en\gh1 = tw5ty coa*es ) _! _m horses sometimes foll[$ "o ano!r 9 a close l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,,bridge ,,& ,,monum5t1 ,,national ,,road1 ,,ne> ,,:eel+1 ,,we/ ,,virg9ia ,h5ry ,clay 0 "o ( ! *ief advocates ( ?is road1 & a monum5t built 9 8 honor may be se5 ne> ! bridge1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,x is a few miles ea/ ( ,:eel+4 ,at ,br[nsville a small /ream call$ ,dunlap's creek fl[s into ! ,monongahela f ! ea/4 ,ov] x is an iron bridge on ! l9e ( ! ,national ,road4 ,accord+ to a /ory told 9 ,br[nsville1 ,h5ry ,clay 0 once ov]turn$ z he 0 rid+ ?r\gh ! creek be=e ! bridge 0 built4 ,z he ga!r$ himself up he 0 he>d to say1 8,clay & mud %all n be mix$ "h aga940 ,! /ory goes t he w5t on imm$iately to ,wa%+ton & got an ord] = ! build+ ( ! bridge4 ,:e!r ?is be true or n1 x is c]ta9 t he & _m o!r /atesm5 travel$ ov] ! ,national ,road4 ,!y c\ld n h private c>s1 nor did !y g 9 draw+-room coa*es1 z we c if we *oose4 ,anybody might *ance to sit beside ^! m5 ( national fame1 z day aft] day !y rode ?r\gh ! valleys & ov] ! m\nta9s1 /opp+ at ! wayside hotels = food & re/4 ,"s ( ! old hotels1 tollh\ses1 & bridges1 z !y look to-day1 are %[n 9 ! illu/rations 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! road itself 0 long ago giv5 up to ! diff]5t /ates & c\nties ?r\gh :i* x runs1 b x /ill tells to ! travel] :o goes ov] x _m a /ory ( ! life ( a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,baltimore ,,& ,,ohio ,,railroad ,ev5 aft] ! ,erie canal 0 built & long l9es ( boats 7 c>ry+ ! gra9 & o!r products ( ! ,we/ to ,new ,york1 ! m5 ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& did n give up ! notion ( /ill mak+ ! trade ( ! we/]n c\ntry come _! way4 ,!y plann$ ! ,*esapeake & ,ohio canal1 to rea* ! ,ohio riv]1 & ?\ght t o!r canals across ! /ate ( ,ohio w\ld let !m into lake ,erie4 ,by ! ,ohio riv] !y w\ld connect ) ,new ,orleans & ! upp] ,mississippi riv]1 & ?r\gh lake ,erie !y c\ld rea* ! t[ns & f>ms t bord] lake ,huron1 lake ,mi*igan1 & lake ,sup]ior4 ,a canal along ! ,potomac valley _h be5 talk$ ( sev]al ye>s be=e ! ,revolution1 :5 ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,lee laid a plan = x be=e ! ,assembly ( ,virg9ia4 ,d\btless o!rs ?\ght ( x too1 z ( ! ,erie canal1 long be=e x 0 made4 ,at ! end ( ! ,w> ( ! ,revolution ,wa%+ton made a long j\rney into ! wild woods ( ,new ,york4 ,he w5t to ! s\rce ( ! ,susquehanna at ,otsego lake1 visit$ ! portage betwe5 ! ,mohawk & ,wood creek1 & saw = himself t ,new ,york _h a great *ance = navigation & trade4 ,b he _h a natural love = 8 own ,virg9ia1 & he did n int5d to let ,new ,york g ahead ( 8 native /ate4 ,8 j\rneys across ! m\nta9s z a surveyor & z a soldi] gave him a k ( ! ,ohio c\ntry1 & z he _h himself tak5 up mu* good l& !re1 he wi%$ to h an easy way1 by l& or wat]1 f ! sea to ! ri* ,ohio valley4 ,s he ?\ght mu* ab\t a canal to run by ! side ( ! ,potomac1 & he jo9$ ) o!rs :o felt z he did to =m ! ,potomac ,company4 ,!y />t$ a canal1 b !y f\nd s mu* 9 ! way t !y 7 n able to g f> ) x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,,m\nt ,,royal ,,/ation1 ,,baltimore ,,& ,,ohio ,,railroad1 ,,baltimore ,! plan = a canal came up aga9 tw5ty ye>s aft] ,wa%+ton di$1 & 9 #ahbc a *>t] 0 giv5 = build+ ! ,*esapeake & ,ohio canal4 ,new ,york _h !n be5 six ye>s at "w on ! ,erie canal & w\ld f9i% x 9 two ye>s m4 ,if ! ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& p _h kn[n t mo/ ( !m w\ld be dead be=e _! canal 0 half done1 & t x w\ld nev] be really f9i%$1 !y w\ld n h und]tak5 x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,,*esapeake ,,& ,,ohio ,,canal1 ,,cumb]l& ,!y did n beg9 ! "w until five ye>s lat]1 9 #ahbh4 ,!n a great cr[d came toge!r at ,georget[n1 n[ a "p ( ,wa%+ton1 on ! ,potomac1 to see ! fir/ e>? ?r[n out4 ,presid5t ,john ,qu9cy ,adams made ! pr9cipal spee* & !n took a spade to beg9 ! digg+4 ,! spade hit a root & w\ld n g into ! soil4 ,! ,presid5t set d[n 8 foot m firmly1 b /ill ! spade w\ld n move4 ,at la/1 det]m9$ to succe$1 he pull$ (f 8 coat = ! job4 ,! cr[d lik$ ?is & *e]$ l\dly1 :ile ,mr4 ,adams accompli%$ :at he _h set out to d4 ,on ?is v day some?+ else 0 go+ on at ,baltimore1 =ty miles away4 ,baltimore 0 n on ! ,potomac1 b h] p did n propose to be left out ( ! we/]n trade on t acc\nt4 ,aft] mu* disput+ a *>t] _h be5 grant$ = build+ :at became "o ( ! mo/ fam\s1 z x is "o ( ! olde/1 ,am]ican railways1--! ,baltimore & ,ohio4 ,h5ce ,baltimore _h a celebration ( h] own on ?is same ,f\r? ( ,july1 #ahbh4 ,!y did n h ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to help !m1 b !y f>$ v well4 ,!y _h great fai? 9 :at !y 7 do+1 & d\btless w\ld h %\t$ ev5 l\d] _h !y kn[n :at a great railroad !y 7 />t+ & :at a h>d "t ! canal p w\ld h4 ,!re 0 only "o man rema9+ ( all ! patriots :o _h sign$ ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce almo/ fifty ye>s be=e4 ,?is 0 ,*>les ,c>roll ( ,c>rollton1 & he 0 ! gue/ ( ,baltimore on t day4 ,a pray] 0 (f]$1 ! ,decl>ation 0 read1 & aft] an (fic] ( ! railway company _h spok5 ,mr4 ,c>roll remov$ ! fir/ e>?4 ,z if nature w\ld be k9d to an old man1 no root made 8 "w h>d2 & ! sup]/iti\s may say t ! ,presid5t's toilsome digg+ ov] 9 ,georget[n 0 a bad om5 = t ent]prise4 ,x is easi] to look back ?an to see into ! future4 ,bo? canal & railway w5t on build+1 b z !y ne$$ ne>ly ! same r\te 9 "s places1 !y did n get on well toge!r4 ,! canal 0 locat$ 9 ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 along ! nor? bank ( ! ,potomac4 ,?is 0 done 9 "s measure because a l>ge "p ( ! wat] :i* w\ld be ne$$ = ! canal came d[n f ! upl&s on ! nor? side4 ,x took tw5ty-?ree ye>s to dig ! tr5* z f> z ,cumb]l&1 s t x 0 #ahea be=e boats c\ld run betwe5 ,cumb]l& & tide wat]4 ,! orig9al plan ( c>ry+ ! canal beyond ,cumb]l& & across ! m\nta9s 0 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,j bel[ ! po9t :]e ,wills creek ent]s ! ,potomac !re is a dam1 & f ! pond s made ! wat] is tak5 into ! upp] end ( ! canal4 ,mu* traffic has pass$ up & d[n ! canal1 b1 on ! :ole1 x has n paid = ! co/ ( build+ & repair+4 ,sometimes x has be5 out ( use1 & a few mon?s ago ! /ate ( ,m>yl& sold x = a small sum to ! ,waba% ,railway ,company4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review has be5 publi%$ = a long "t4 ,at lea/ sev5ty-five ye>s ago ?is magaz9e pr9t$ two articles on ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad4 ,by read+ !m we c see h[ ! intellig5t p ( t "t felt ab\t build+ x4 ,9 favor ( ! propos$ railroad !y said1 fir/1 t x w\ld n be clos$ by ice = sev]al mon?s ea* ye>1 z ! ,erie canal & ! riv]s 74 ,secondly1 !y rem9d$ ! public t ,baltimore is two hundr$ miles ne>] ! ,ohio navigation ?an ,new ,york is1 & "o hundr$ miles ne>] ?an ,philadelphia4 ,?irdly1 !y argu$ t ,new ,orleans 0 a long way (f1 & its climate hot & unheal?ful4 ,provisions s5t by t r\te w\ld be likely to spoil1 & ! trad]s tak+ ! goods d[n ! riv] might fall sick4 ,fur!r1 ! riv]s 9 a dry summ] w\ld be too l[ = navigation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,,highe/ ,,po9t ,,on ,,baltimore ,,& ,,ohio ,,railroad1 ,,at ,,s& ,,pat*1 ,,p5nsylvania ,nor did ,baltimore p ?9k t ! ,erie canal c\ld get mu* trade except f regions close to lake ,erie1 & !y _h notic$ t l&s n f> f ! canal /ill s5t a good deal ( produce d[n ! ,susquehanna riv] to ,baltimore4 ,!re 0 no port s\? ( !m t 0 s good z !irs2 9 %ort1 !y %[$ a v prop] pride 9 _! own home & a conviction t ,baltimore 0 z good z any o!r ,am]ican city1 if n1 p]haps1 a little bett]4 ,!y said also t ! lime us$ = build+ 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton 0 br\ght all ! way f ,rhode ,isl&1 :ile !re 0 a great abundance ( good lime/one 9 _! own m\nta9s1 al?\gh x c\ld n be c>ri$ by wagons4 ,!re 0 coal also1 9 seams s ?ick & wide t x c\ld nev] be us$ up1 b !re 0 no way ( gett+ x d[n to ! sea :]e x w\ld run factories1 smelt iron1 & propel ! new /eam%ips t s soon w\ld make ! ocean a well-travel$ highway4 ,slate also 0 to be _h1 & m>ble1 & gypsum1 & timb]1 b ^! c\ld n be br\ght to ! t[ns :]e !y might be us$4 ,!re 01 moreov]1 mu* iron ore all along ! propos$ r\te1 & we all "k t iron is ! mo/ important ( ! metals4 ,x _h long be=e be5 le>n$ t !re 7 _m fi% 9 ,*esapeake bay1 & t ,new ,engl& 0 n to h ! fi%+ bus9ess all to h]self4 ,bett] ev5 ?an ?is1 !re 7 !n1 z !re are n[1 places "u ! %all[ wat]s :]e c\ntless oy/]s liv$ & multipli$4 ,x 0 said1 ev5 9 #ahbg1 t if !re c\ld be a railroad to c>ry ?+s quickly1 oy/]s might be s5t to p liv+ f> f ! sea4 ,baltimore's notion ( swift c>ry+ 0 mu* l t ( ! ,erie canal packet own]s4 ,tra9s c\ld g f\r miles an h\r1 & ?us goods might be s5t f ,baltimore to ! ,ohio riv] 9 sixty-two & "o-half h\rs4 ,"s hopeful p ?\ght t ! spe$ might ev5 be rais$ to eight miles an h\r4 ,:5 c>s run at t rate 9 ^! days we beg9 to talk ab\t gett+ out & pu%+ ! eng9e4 ,! build]s ( ! railroad _h :at seem to u curi\s ideas ( lay+ a f\ndation = ! track4 ,!y dug a tr5* 9 "s places1 putt+ into x brok5 /one1 & on ?is !y laid long slabs ( /one1 or 8/one rails40 ,on ^!1 9 _! turn1 ! iron rails 7 rivet$ d[n4 ,until c> spr+s 7 inv5t$ ! jolt+ mu/ h be5 l t ( a f>m wagon4 ,ev5 :5 ! track 0 f9i%$ no decision _h be5 made z to h[ ! c>s 7 to be mov$4 ,mr4 ,hulb]t1 9 "o ( 8 /ories ( hi/oric highways1 tells ( sev]al exp]im5ts :i* 7 made4 ,"s "o inv5t$ a locomotive 9 :i* a horse 0 to tread an endless belt & ?us make ! ma*9e g1 c>ry+ ) x ! horse & dragg+ ! c>s4 ,on "o trip1 :5 sev]al newspap] m5 7 pres5t to report ! trial1 ! tra9 ran into a c[ & !y 7 all tipp$ out & tumbl$ d[n a bank4 ,! me?od did n h mu* praise 9 ! pap]s4 ,sails 7 also tri$1 & "o c> :i* 0 ?us mov$ by w9d 0 call$ olus4 ,?is c>1 ) its ma/ & o!r %ip-l rigg+1 made mu* talk1 b t 0 all4 ,& no "o c\ld q see h[ x w\ld ev] be possible to draw a c> on a curv$ track4 ,?is meant mu*1 = x 0 out ( ! "q to build a railway ?r\gh ! m\nta9s )\t _m curves1 & "s ( !m r %ort ones4 ,b !re 7 ^? :o ?\ght t if a curv$ road 7 possible1 x w\ld be a good ?+ because ! eng9e] c\ld occasionally look back along ! l9e & see h[ 8 tra9 0 com+ on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,look+ ,,d[n ,,! ,,potomac ,,f ,,h>p]s ,,f]ry ,m>yl& on ! left2 ,we/ ,virg9ia on "r & 9 =egr\nd2 ,virg9ia 9 ! di/ance2 ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad & ,*esapeake & ,ohio canal at ! left2 ,%5&oah riv] ent]s "u bridge on ! "r ,b /eam 0 to w9 ! day4 ,mr4 ,pet] ,coop] _h a locomotive1 call$ ,tom ,?umb1 built 9 #ahbi1 & an old picture %[s an excit+ race betwe5 ?is little eng9e & a horse c>4 ,! /eam c> won ! race1 & x is n[ to be se5 :e!r or n electricity w drive /eam out ( bus9ess on ! railways4 ,by #ahcc ! road 0 laid z f> z ,h>p]s ,f]ry1 a place made lively by armies & guns 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,x is a rugg$ old t[n1 built ne> ! spot :]e ! ,%5&oah jo9s ! ,potomac1 & bo? toge!r h cut a f9e gorge ?r\gh ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,to-day z "o /&s 9 ! upp] "p ( ! village & looks d[n ?r\gh ! great gorge1 he sees ! bridge & tracks & tra9s ( ! ,baltimore & ,ohio1 & ! *annel ( ! ,*esapeake & ,ohio canal 7,fig4 #da74 ,! railway out/ripp$ ! canal1 = ! road 0 f9i%$ to ,cumb]l& 9 #ahdb1 n9e ye>s be=e canal boats float$ into t place2 & 9 #ahec ! fir/ tra9 roll$ into ,:eel+1 on ! ,ohio riv]4 ,ano!r "p ( ! road n[ runs f>!r nor? to ,pittsburg & leads on to ,*icago1 :ile yet ano!r passes s\? to ,c9c9nati & ,/4 ,l\is4 ,ea/w>d ! ma9 l9e runs to ,philadelphia & /ops at ! ,:itehall t]m9al 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,^! long l9es1 ) _m spurs & side l9es1 make up ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railway sy/em1 :i*1 l ! ,p5nsylvania & ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 jo9s ! seaports ( ! ,atlantic coa/ ) ! fields & cities ( ! ,mississippi1 & c>ries 9 ei!r direction ! ri* m9]al products ( ! int]v5+ m\nta9s4 ,l h] neighbors on ! ,atlantic1 ,baltimore /ret*es out h] h&s to sea & l&4 ,! city 0 begun 9 #agcj1 at :i* "t a ,mr4 ,c>roll sold ! l& = x at =ty %ill+s an acre4 ,:5 ,wa%+ton fir/ w5t to ! ,ohio !re 7 only tw5ty-five h\ses 9 ,baltimore1 b 9 #aggj !re 7 tw5ty ?\s& p1 & ! new city 0 draw+ trade f ,philadelphia4 ,9 #ahbf1 :5 ! ,erie canal 0 build+1 ,baltimore _h become a city ( sixty ?\s& inhabitants4 ,n[ x has m ?an half a million p1 & is ! six? ,am]ican city4 ,9 =eign trade1 h[ev]1 x /&s ?ird1 & its docks are busy places4 ,! ,hamburg-,am]ican1 ! ,nor?-,g]man ,lloyd1 & ! ,r$ ,/> l9es all s5d regul> /eam]s betwe5 ,baltimore & ,europe1 & hundr$s ( o!rs sail to ports on our own coa/1 to ! ,we/ ,indies1 & to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,baltimore builds %ips z well z sails !m1 to c>ry ! corn1 fl\r1 & meat ( ! prairies & ! great pla9s to =eign l&s1 & to br+ back _! products 9 ex*ange4 ,:]e !re are railways & %ips !re are always m]*ants & factories4 ,out ( ! ga9s ( trade a ,baltimore m]*ant built "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( our s*ools1 ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,,coke ,,ov5s ,,at ,,mey]sdale1 ,,p5nsylvania ,!re has be5 no m important factor 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an is f\nd 9 ! great railway sy/ems1 :i*1 by l9k+ all sections toge!r1 give unity & /r5g? to ! :ole fabric ( our gov]nm5t4 ,wa%+ton's dreams ( 8 c\ntry's future are already ov]topp$ by h] actual a*ievem5ts1 & ! mo/ hopeful among ^? :o fir/ saw ! advantages ( /eam eng9es c\ld h>dly h look$ =w>d to ! swift transportation ( to-day4 ,9 ! ye> #aija an ,am]ican %ip & ,am]ican railway tra9s ran a great race to ,london ov] l& & sea4 ,! />t 0 f ,au/ralia & ! di/ance 0 m ?an ?irte5 ?\s& miles4 ,! race 0 n aga9/ o!r %ips & o!r tra9s1 b aga9/ "t4 ,! mail f ,sydney 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales usually w5t by ! ,r$ sea & ! ,suez canal1 a r\te :i* is a ?\s& miles %ort] ?an is ! ,pacific r\te1 & :i* took ?irty-five days & a few h\rs4 ,x happ5$ on ,augu/ #ac1 9 ! morn+1 t ?ree hundr$ & sixty-sev5 sacks ( important mail = ,london 7 pil$ on ! dock1 beside :i* lay a new ,am]ican %ip1 ! ,v5tura4 ,because no good ,briti% %ip 0 at h& t morn+1 ! po/-(fice au?orities ?\ght t !y w\ld let ! vessel ) ! ,/>s & ,/ripes c>ry ! mail4 ,%e did c>ry x1 & on ! ev5+ ( ,septemb] #b %e laid d[n ! bags on ! pi] at ,san ,francisco4 ,! ,am]ican railroads tri$ _! h& at c>ry+ ! ,briti% mail4 ,! ,s\!rn ,pacific took x swiftly across to ,ogd51 9 ,utah4 ,! ,union ,pacific seiz$ x1 two h\rs late1 & said t ! "t %\ld be made up4 ,! tra9 rac$ a ?\s& miles to ,omaha & made up "s ( ! "t b n all4 ,!n x 0 (f = ,*icago1 :]e ! ,lake ,%ore road _h a 8special0 ready to ov]take ! ,fa/ ,mail4 ,x ran two hundr$ & =ty-f\r miles 9 two hundr$ & sixty-five & a half m9utes1 & did ov]take x4 ,!n came ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 ,que5/[n1 & ,london4 ,! c>ri]s 9 t great city />t$ out ) ! mail e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ,septemb] #ad4 ,if ! bags _h come by ! %ort] r\te "u ! ,briti% flag1 !y w\ld n h rea*$ ,london until ,septemb] #af4 ,?is is :at great railways & great %ips d 9 our "t1--!y make neighbors ( all m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,,! ,,obs]vation ,,end1 ,,baltimore ,,& ,,ohio ,,railroad ,,*apt] ,x ,,cities ,,( ,,! ,,ohio ,,valley ,if we look at a map1 we %all see t ! ,allegh5y riv] fl[s s\?w>d f ,new ,york into we/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,monongahela riv]1 ris+ among ! r\gh highl&s ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 s5ds its wat]s t[>d ! nor?1 & ! two great /reams jo9 to =m ! ,ohio1 :i* fl[s on f> to ! s\?we/4 ,all toge!r !y are l wide-spread+ bran*es ( an apple tree unit+ ) ! gn>l$ old trunk4 ,9 ! great crot* ( ! tree ,pittsburg is snugly plac$4 ,a n>r[ po9t ( flat l& lies betwe5 ! riv]s j be=e !y come toge!r to make ! ,ohio1 & back ( ?is po9t1 to ! ea/1 rise /eep hills4 ,across ! ,allegh5y & across ! ,monongahela ! banks rise %>ply = sev]al hundr$ feet1 & !re too1 :]ev] ! slope is n too /eep = h\ses to /&1 t5s ( ?\s&s ( busy p h _! homes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,,old ,,blockh\se1 ,,pittsburg ,! riv]s are cross$ by _m bridges & are full ( boats4 ,up & d[n = miles _! banks are smoky & noisy ) furnaces1 & at night ! iron mills light up ! valley ) wond]ful tor*es ( flame leap+ into ! black sky4 ,if ! great t[ns clu/]$ )9 an h\r's ride 7 c\nt$ 91 ,pittsburg w\ld n[ h a million p4 ,only a hundr$ ye>s ago %e 01 l _m o!r cities 9 ! ,new ,_w1 a humble village betwe5 two riv]s4 ,z e>ly z #agcj :ite m5 j\rney$ "h to trade ) ! ,indians1 :o c\ld come f any "p ( ! we/]n c\ntry 9 _! canoes4 ,wa%+ton /ood "h ,novemb] #bd1 #agec1 & 9 8 description ( ! place wrote1 8,i ?9k x extremely well situat$ = a =t1 z x has absolute comm& ( bo? riv]s40 ,m5 7 to ne$ =ts = a long "t 9 t c\ntry1 & ! "o :i* 0 soon built on ?is site _h a /irr+ hi/ory4 ,9 #ageh x 0 recaptur$ f ! ,fr5* & nam$ = ,engl&'s prime m9i/]1 ,pitt4 ,h5ce we h ,pittsburgh1 :i* is ! old spell+1 b x is n[ common to drop ! h1 & write x ,pittsburg4 ,! old blockh\se ( brick1 :i* is /ill /&+1 0 built 9 #agfd4 ,wa%+ton came back to ! spot 9 #aggj1 & f\nd "h ab\t tw5ty h\ses1 us$ by m5 :o 7 trad+ ) ! ,indians4 ,ar?ur ,lee1 9 #aghd1 ?\ght t ! place w\ld 8nev] be v consid]able10 b he 0 n a good prophet4 ,9 #ahaf x _h become a city & has be5 /eadily ga9+ 9 importance s9ce t "t4 ,n mu* m ?an fifty ye>s lat] an hi/orian ( ,pittsburg said t if ,mr4 ,lee c\ld !n come back1 he w\ld f9d a city bigg] ?an ! six l>ge/ cities & t[ns 9 ! ,old ,dom9ion4 ,! secret ( ,pittsburg's success is 9 its location4 ,_m ye>s ago x 0 call$ 8! gate ( ! ,we/10 & ?r\gh x has gone mu* ( ! trade betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ! l&s beyond ! m\nta9s4 ,ev5 f ,new ,york ! pione]s came by l& & wat] to ! head ( ! ,ohio1 an und]tak+ by no means easy 9 ^? days4 ,a prom95t man 9 ,pittsburg once contract$ ) ! gov]nm5t to s5d provisions to ,oswego1 & z he wi%$ to make ! long j\rney z pr(itable z he c\ld1 he pack$ ! provisions 9 /rong b>rels t w\ld hold salt4 ,:5 ^! 7 empti$ !y 7 fill$ = ! return trip ) ,onondaga salt & c>ri$ by lake ,ont>io to ! ,niag>a riv] bel[ ! falls4 ,!y 7 !n tak5 ar\nd ! falls & across ! lake to ,erie1 up ,fr5* creek1 ov] ! portage1 & at l5g? by boat to ,pittsburg4 ,x 0 a r\ndab\t way1 b ! ent]pris+ deal] sold salt 9 ,pittsburg = half ! price *>g$ by ! pack]s :o br\ght x by r\gh m\nta9 roads f ! ,ea/4 ,improvem5ts 9 me?ods ( transportation caus$ an increase 9 bus9ess activity4 ,by ! ,pittsburg pike1 by ! canal ) its ,portage ,railway1 & f9ally by ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 trade 0 com+ f ,philadelphia4 ,n less promptly did ! m5 ( ,baltimore & ! ,virg9ians rea* ,pittsburg by ! trail1 ! ,national ,road1 & ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad4 ,because ,pittsburg /ood at ! head ( ! ,ohio x 0 a door to ! :ole ,mississippi valley1 & m5 & goods quickly f\nd _! way to x4 ,once !re a boat w\ld take !m ov] ?\s&s ( miles ( riv]1 or to ,new ,orleans & ! op5 sea4 ,h5ry ,clay us$ to tell 9 ,congress a good /ory ab\t ,pittsburg4 ,he said t a %ip built at ,pittsburg sail$ d[n ! riv]1 ?r\gh ! gulf1 across ! ,atlantic1 into ! ,m$it]ranean1 & an*or$ at ,leghorn4 ,! capta9 h&$ 8 pap]s to ! (fic] ( ! cu/omh\se1 :o did n cr$it !m4 8,sir10 said he1 8y\r pap]s are =g$2 !re is no su* port z ,pittsburg 9 ! _w2 y\r vessel mu/ be confiscat$40 ,?\gh ! capta9 0 fright5$1 he pull$ out a map & taught ! ,italian (ficial a lesson 9 geography1 mak+ him und]/& at la/ t "o c\ld sail a ?\s& miles up ! ,mississippi & ano!r ?\s& up ! ,ohio1 & t !re 0 su* a port z ,pittsburg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,,pittsburg ,! fir/ boats on ! ,ohio riv] 7 ! light b>k canoes ( ! r$ m54 ,^! c\ld sail 9 almo/ any wat]1 b !y 7 easily brok5 & c\ld c>ry only light loads4 ,:5 :ite m5 began to ?rong ! riv] & want$ to c>ry _! families1 h\sehold furniture1 tools1 gra91 & all ! produce ( ! l&1 !y ne$$ some?+ l>g] & /rong]4 ,at fir/ !y built b>ges1 :i* 7 little m ?an great boxes made wat]-tight4 ,^! !y load$ & /e]$ d[n ! /ream z be/ !y c\ld4 ,!y did n expect to br+ !m back1 = su* boats c\ld n be pu%$ aga9/ ! curr5t4 ,h5ce ! b>ge build]s at ,pittsburg always _h "w1 = a new "o _h to be provid$ = ea* fre% c>go4 ,lat] m5 began to make keel boats1 9 :i* !y c\ld n only g d[n/ream b c\ld also1 by pol+1 make a return voyage4 ,^! boats 7 ab\t fifty feet long & c\ld c>ry tw5ty tons or m4 ,along ! sides 7 8runn+ bo>ds10 :]e ! m5 w5t up & d[n ) _! sett+ poles to drive ! boat aga9/ ! curr5t4 ,! space betwe5 ! runn+ bo>ds 0 cov]$ ov] to =m a k9d ( cab94 ,x 0 n an easy task to pole "o ( ^! boats up a rapid1 & ! life on ! riv] 0 a life ( toil4 ,dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s be=e #ahjj1 or :ile ,wa%+ton 0 ,presid5t1 a weal?y m]*ant ( ,philadelphia took up traffic on ! ,ohio4 ,he s5t dry goods & o!r m]*&ise ov]l& to ,pittsburg1 !nce d[n ! ,ohio 9 a b>ge1 & up ! ,mississippi to ,kaskaskia 9 ,ill9ois1 :i* 0 at t "t an important t[n4 ,"h ! c>go 0 ex*ang$ = sk9s ( be>1 de]1 buffalo1 & o!r animals1 to be tak5 up ! ,ohio & s5t f ,pittsburg to ,philadelphia4 ,x took "t to trade 9 ?is way4 ,a summ] 0 ne$$ to g d[n to ,new ,orleans & back aga9 ) a keel boat or a b>ge4 ,:5 a boat came up 8) furs f ,/4 ,l\is2 cotton f ,nat*ez2 hemp1 tobacco1 & saltpet] f ,maysville2 or sug> & cotton f ,new ,orleans & ,nat*ez1 x 0 a wond] to ! _m1 & drew va/ cr[ds to see & rejoice ov] x40 ,"o ( ! riv] m54 ,capta9 ,%reve1 once took 8 boat f ,new ,orleans up to ,l\isville 9 tw5ty-five days4 ,! p celebrat$ ?is rem>kable a*ievem5t & gave ! capta9 a public d9n]4 ,no d\bt !y made z mu* ado z we %\ld n[ make if a %ip %\ld g f ,new ,york to ,liv]pool 9 ?ree days4 ,!y 7 q "r to make a fea/ 9 honor ( ! occasion1 = ! "t commonly all[$ = ! j\rney _h be5 ?ree mon?s4 ,! flatboat1 :i* = ye>s 0 us$ 9 riv] traffic1 0 ab\t =ty feet long1 twelve feet wide1 & eight feet deep4 ,x _h a flat bottom & 0 h&l$ by means ( ?ree o>s on ea* side4 ,two ( ^! 7 call$ sweeps1 & 7 almo/ z long z ! boat itself4 ,at ! /]n 0 a /ill long] /e]+ o>4 ,:5 ! wat] rose 9 ! autumn ^! boats c>ri$ loads ( produce & bore ?\s&s ( families :o 7 seek+ homes f>!r we/4 ,old & "y ) _! h\sehold treasures1 :i* (t5 includ$ ! c[1 sail$ d[n 9 ^! rude h\se boats to "s *os5 spot 9 ! di/ant wild]ness4 ,x 0 9 a boat l ^! t ! tall & awkw>d "y man1 ,abraham ,l9coln1 made a voyage to ,new ,orleans & fir/ saw some?+ ( ! outside _w4 ,r$/one 0 an old "n = ,br[nsville1 :]e ! ,national ,road cross$ ! ,monongahela1 & _m boats />t$ f "h 9 e>ly days4 ,x is said t an old boatman 0 once hail$ by a seek] aft] in=mation4 8,:]e are y f80 0 ! fir/ "q4 8,r$/one10 0 ! answ]4 8,:at is y\r lad+80 8,mill/ones40 8,:at is y\r capta9's "n80 8,:et/one40 8,:]e are y b\nd80 8,= ,lime/one40 ,! int]e/+ "p ( ! /ory is t ^! answ]s 7 all true4 ,l>ge z ! traffic 0 by ! flatboats1 x 0 greatly increas$ :5 /eamboats began to run on ! riv]s4 ,no o!r craft c\ld hope to compete ) ^!4 ,! boatm5 ow$ a grudge to ! /eamboat1 j z ! pack-horse m5 _h hat$ ! ,cone/oga wagon1 = !y saw t _! trade 0 lo/1 & x 0 h>d to try to make a liv+ 9 "s o!r way4 ,= _m ye>s ! great pass5g] boats reign$ supreme on ! riv]s ( ! ,we/1 b at la/ !y 9 turn 7 =c$ to give way to ! railroads4 ,su* boats /ill run on ! ,ohio & ! ,mississippi1 b m5 d n travel on !m :5 !y wi% to g quickly4 ,railroad c>s1 h[ev]1 d n take ! place ( "s boats on ! ,ohio4 ,look out on ! ,monongahela at ,pittsburg & y may see l>ge fields ( boats1--_m acres ( b>ges1 = !re are b>ges on ! riv] /ill1 ?\gh !y d n look l ! old ones4 ,!y are ( great size & are sometimes made ( /eel4 ,! coal1 tak5 f ! hill out ( :i* x is dug1 is run on a tre/le along ! riv] & dump$ into "o ( ^! boats4 ,at ,pittsburg ! b>ges wait = ! wat] to rise to a 8coal-boat0 /age1--t is1 until !re is a dep? ( at lea/ eight feet all ! way d[n ! riv] ,!n a numb] ( b>ges are la%$ toge!r & a /eamboat pu%es !m d[n ! /ream4 ,! wat] (t5 comes up sudd5ly1 & ! coal mu/ be ru%$ to m>ket :ile ! high wat] la/s4 ,a s+le t[boat sometimes takes to ,new ,orleans sev]al acres ( coal f ! great ,pittsburg coal seam4 ,?is lies flat "u ! hilltops & is m9$ f ! edges :]e ! riv]s h cut d[n ?r\gh ! coal1 f> into ! b$s ( rock t lie bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,,coal ,,b>ges1 ,,pittsburg ,on ! ,monongahela ! ,unit$ ,/ates owns fifte5 dams ) locks1 & ! riv] is ?us 8slack$0 f> up into ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,! dams *ange ! riv] into a s]ies ( long1 /ill ponds1 :i* are deep en\gh to float ! coal b>ges4 ,bel[ ,pittsburg1 9 ! ,ohio1 is ano!r dam :i* sets ! wat] back & makes a h>bor = ! city4 ,!re is no coal to s5d d[n ! ,allegh5y1 b !re are logs to be raft$1 & !re is mu* oil1 = ! riv] fl[s ?r\gh ! petroleum region ar\nd ,oil ,city4 ,"s ( ?is is tak5 to ref9]ies at ,pittsburg & made ready = use4 ,mu* natural gas is obta9$ by bor+ & is us$ 9 ! city = w>m+ h\ses & = cook+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,,pittsburg ,,at ,,night ,a cl\d ( smoke f ! s(t coal burn$ 9 s _m %ops & furnaces hangs ov] ! l[] p>ts ( ,pittsburg & has giv5 x ! "n ( 8,! ,smoky ,city40 ,james ,p>ton says t on ! fir/ morn+ ( 8 visit !re he felt sure t he 0 ris+ v e>ly1 = ! /reet lamps 7 all burn+ & he ate 8 breakfa/ 9 a room light$ by gas4 ,z ! room 0 fill$ ) p1 he ?\ght ,pittsburg 0 v ent]pris+1 & himself along ) x1 b he 0 q tak5 aback :5 he look$ at 8 wat* & f\nd t x 0 almo/ n9e o'clock4 ,d>k] ev5 ?an ! /reets are ! 8rooms0 9 :i* ?\s&s ( m9]s1 )9 a few miles ( ! city1 dig out coal ) _! picks & %ovels4 ,if "o rides into ,pittsburg by night1 he w see some?+ f9] ?an fireworks4 ,! tra9 is likely to :irl him pa/ long r[s ( fi]y ov5s 9 :i* coal is be+ made into coke4 ,& 9 _m t[ns ne> by1 z well z along ! riv]s by ! city itself1 ! jets ( flame w %[ iron furnaces & /eel mills1 ) grimy workm5 mov+ ab\t 9 ! /range light4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,,furnaces ,,ne> ,,pittsburg ,! iron ore = ^! furnaces is br\ght f _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b *iefly f ! l&s ar\nd lake ,sup]ior4 ,x is %ipp$ d[n ! lakes 9 l>ge /eam]s & load$ into c>s at ,clevel& or "s o!r port on lake ,erie4 ,in/ead ( c>ry+ ! coal to ! ore1 ! ore is ?us br\ght to ! coal1 )\t :i* x c\ld n be work$4 ,! reason = ?is is t ,pittsburg is mu* ne>] ! places :]e mo/ ( ! iron is to be us$4 ,if ! coal ( ,p5nsylvania 7 tak5 to ! iron m9es ( ,m9nesota & ! furnaces built !re1 mu* ( ! iron & /eel w\ld h to be c>ri$ back a long way to ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 & o!r p>ts ( ! ,ea/4 ,glass mills =m an important "p ( ! city's indu/ries & h be5 9 op]ation = a long "t4 ,bottle glass is manufactur$ "h1 besides ?ree f\r?s ( all ! plate glass ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,p]haps x is because bottles are made 9 ,pittsburg t we f9d "h also ! l>ge/ cork factory 9 ! _w4 ,pittsburg is pr\d ( ! fact t %e h&les m tons ( freight 9 a ye> ?an any o!r city 9 ! _w4 ,inde$1 ! tonnage is great] ?an t ( ,new ,york & ,*icago tak5 toge!r4 ,! old 8po9t0 betwe5 ! riv]s is fill$ ) tall build+s4 ,incl9$ railways run up ! /eep bluffs on ! fur!r side ( ea* riv] & lead to ! beautiful /reets & ! homes :]e _m ( ! p live4 ,= ,pittsburg is n all coal & furnaces & smoke1 b has f9e *ur*es1 ! great ,c>negie ,libr>y & ,museum1 & _m s*ools4 ,b x is mo/ly because ( ! coal & ! riv]s t we f9d "h a spl5did city4 ,sixty-?ree miles d[n ! ,ohio riv]1 on its left bank1 is ,:eel+1 ! l>ge/ city 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,! bus9ess /reets lie close to ! ,ohio1 & ! h\ses ext5d up ! /eep slope to ! ea/1 :ile ov] a high ridge comes ! old ,national ,road f ! valley ( ,:eel+ creek4 ,:eel+ 0 ! goal ( _m heavily lad5 wagons 9 ! days ( ! pike1 & because ( ! riv] & _m railroads has a l>ge trade to-day4 ,x 0 settl$ 9 #aggj & is "o ( ! olde/ t[ns on ! riv]4 ,on ! nor? bank ( ! great /ream1 9 ! s\?we/ corn] ( ,ohio1 is ! l>ge/ city on ! riv]4 ,z late z #aijj ,c9c9nati _h a few ?\s& m p ?an ,pittsburg1 b a 8great] ,c9c9nati0 w\ld n be s l>ge z a 8great] ,pittsburg40 ,9 ,c9c9nati1 z 9 ,pittsburg1 m5 d bus9ess on ! l[ gr\nds by ! riv]1 :]e (fices & mills & %ops cr[d "o ano!r1 & ! smoke ( s(t coal hangs z a cl\d above4 ,bus9ess h\rs ov]1 ! well-to-d m]*ants climb out ( ! grimy t[n to ! top ( ! bluffs1 & !re f9d1 9 a cle>] air & along op5 & beautiful av5ues1 _! com=table homes4 ,d[n t[n ! turbul5t riv] sometimes comes up =ty or fifty feet beyond its usual level & makes tr\ble 9 ! busy city1 b ,mt4 ,auburn & ,walnut ,hills are di/urb$ nei!r by smoke nor by floods4 ,riv]s d n (t5 fl[ 9 /raight l9es1 & x is v common = !m to *ange _! c\rses along _! flood pla9s4 ,?is habit ( %ift+ belongs alike to great & small /reams1 :e!r ! ,mississippi or ! brook 9 ! mead[4 ,! ,ohio1 l o!r riv]s1 (t5 writes ! lett] ,s1 & 9 s do+ at ?is po9t has swung (f f its old nor? bank1 leav+ a l[ pla9 ) room en\gh = a hundr$ ?\s& p to c>ry on _! bus9ess4 ,!re is always "s good reason :i* has l$ to ! settlem5t & gr[? ( a t[n1 & ! hi/ory ( ,c9c9nati %[s no exception4 ,x 0 9 e>ly w9t]1 #aghh1 :5 cakes ( ice 7 already float+ on ! riv]1 t a numb] ( m5 sail+ d[n/ream /opp$ "h & began a settlem5t4 ,! place 0 n readily nam$4 ,x is said t ! matt] 0 left to a fronti] s*oolma/]1 & he did n lose ! *ance to %[ h[ mu* he knew4 ,he saw t ! ,lick+ riv] comes into ! ,ohio on ! ,k5tucky side j opposite4 ,s he set d[n an ,l4 ,he next rememb]$ an anci5t ^w os1 mean+ 8m\?10 & he put t d[n4 ,!n he consid]$ t anti means 8opposite0 & t ville means 8t[n40 ,s he wrote ! :ole "n1--,l-os-anti-ville1--,losantiville1-- 8! t[n opposite ! m\? ( ,lick+40 ,we might wond] :e!r a t[n ) a "n l t w\ld ev] gr[ into a great city4 ,x did n h to try1 = x 0 n long be=e ,g5]al ,/4 ,clair1 :o _h come !re1 made fun ( ! "n & insi/$ ^u a new "o4 ,he & o!r (fic]s ( ! ,am]ican army _h =m$ a society commemorat+ _! exp]i5ce 9 ! ,revolution1 & 9 honor ( ! ,roman patriot ,c9c9natus _h call$ !mselves ! ,ord] ( ,c9c9nati4 ,/4 ,clair ?\ght ?is a good "n = ! t[n1 & ,c9c9nati x has be5 s9ce t "t4 ,! place has its nickname also1 & its p l to call x ! ,que5 ,city1 :i* seems to g v well ) ,beautiful ,riv]4 ,ano!r "n1 r>ely us$ & n v pleas+1 p]haps1 to ^? :o live !re1 is 8,porkopolis10 :i* came f ! fact t = =ty ye>s be=e ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> m pork pack+ 0 done 9 ,c9c9nati ?an any:]e else 9 ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,,riv] ,,front1 ,,c9c9nati ,sir ,*>les ,lyell1 an ,engli%man :o saw ,c9c9nati 9 #ahdb1 speaks ( ! 8pork ari/ocracy10 expla9+ t he means ! m5 t _h gr[n ri* by pack+ pork1 & n ! pigs t he saw runn+ 9 ! /reets4 ,?is %[s h[ new "s ( our l>ge bus9ess c5t]s are1 ?\gh x w\ld be a great mi/ake to suppose t pigs & c[s n[ run loose 9 we/]n cities4 ,9 ^? days su* places 7 tea*+ ! c\ntry h[ to 8pack fifte5 bu%els ( corn into a pig10 & h[ to s5d ! produce ( ! f>ms to di/ant cities or o!r l&s 9 su* a way z to get ! mo/ money = ! lea/ freight4 ,:5 ,*>les ,dick5s visit$ ?is c\ntry _m ye>s ago he w5t to ,c9c9nati1 & spoke well ( ! place4 ,?is 0 a great complim5t1 = ! fam\s ,engli% /ory-tell] 0 h>d to suit :5 he 0 look+ at any?+ ,am]ican4 ,if he c\ld come back to ,c9c9nati n[1 he might f9d ev5 m to please & surprise him4 ,c9c9nati has always made mu* use ( ! riv]4 ,!re 7 little boats 9 :i* ! own]s c>ri$ notions & su* ?+s z a c\ntry /ore sells1 p$dl+ !m f "o settlem5t to ano!r along ! banks4 ,!re 7 b>ges & flatboats be>+ families & f>m produce4 ,!n came /eamboats1 :i* c>ri$ ev]y?+1--pass5g]s1 gra91 coal1 m]*&ise1 & ev5 circuses & m5ag]ies4 ,we c imag9e ! excitem5t among ! small boys ( a riv] t[n :5 ! circus boat told ( its arrival by ! fi]ce bla/ ( a l\d /eam :i/le4 ,!re are /eamboats yet & a busy riv] front1 b great railroads c5t] "h1 & tra9s run to ,pittsburg & ,philadelphia1 ,clevel& & ,new ,york1 ,*icago & ,/4 ,l\is1 ,na%ville & ,new ,orleans4 ,a va/ bus9ess is done4 ,!re are _m s*ools1 & to-day ,c9c9nati c boa/ ( h] music1 ( h] pictures & museums1 & ( ! f9e pott]y t %e makes4 ,%e has ?r[n (f ! s*oolma/]'s clumsy "n1 %e has _m bett] ?+s ?an pork1 & %e is widely kn[n z "o ( ,am]ica's great cities4 ,an e>ly writ] says t ! ,ohio is 8by f> ! noble/ riv] 9 ! univ]se40 ,he writes ?is 9 ! beg9n+ ( a hi/ory ( ,l\isville1 a book :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 #ahai4 ,?is 9 itself %[s t ,l\isville is "o ( ! old cities ( ! ,ohio valley4 ,x is n s l>ge z ,c9c9nati or ,pittsburg1 b x is ! *ief city ( ! great /ate ( ,k5tucky4 ,! old boatm51 f9d+ t ! curr5t 0 rapid at a c]ta9 po9t1 call$ x ! 8falls ( ! ,ohio40 ,a l$ge ( h>d rocks 9 ! b$ ( ! riv] caus$ ! rapids & made x no easy task to navigate boats4 ,f9ally a canal 0 dug by :i* ! rapids might be avoid$ at l[ wat]4 ,x 0 ?is l$ge 9 ! riv] t />t$ ! t[n & f9ally made a city out ( ,l\isville1 = boats go+ 9 ei!r direction naturally /opp$ at ! falls4 ,!re 0 ano!r reason1 too1 z we %all see :5 we le>n some?+ ( ! 8,wild]ness ,road10 :i* cross$ ,k5tucky f ! ea/]n m\nta9s & came out on ! riv] at ,l\isville4 ,back f ! riv] also lay ! ri* & f]tile ,blue ,grass c\ntry = :i* ,k5tucky is fam\s4 ,! canal 0 ready to take /eamboats ar\nd ! l$ge 9 #ahca4 ,"s ( ^! boats _h int]e/+ names1 su* z ! ,ent]prise1 ! ,vesuvius1 ! ,comet1 ! ,volcano1 ! ,new ,orleans1 ! ,c9c9nati1 ! ,exp]im5t1 ! ,rifleman1 & ! ,ris+ ,/ates4 ,x 0 a wond]ful life on ! riv]1 & ,l\isville got h] %>e ( ! ga9 ( x1 z %e n[ %>es ! traffic ( ! railroads4 ,to-day %e is a ri* & beautiful city ( two hundr$ ?\s& p4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,great ,,valley ,alex&] ,spotswood 0 a fam\s gov]nor ( ! colony ( ,virg9ia4 ,he 0 ( ,scotti% p>5tage1 b he 0 born 9 ,morocco1 :]e 8 fa!r 0 a surgeon4 ,! lad grew up to s]ve 8 c\ntry z a soldi]1 & 0 w\nd$ by a cannon ball 9 a great w> !n go+ on 9 ,europe4 ,9 #agaj ! k+ s5t him to ,virg9ia to be gov]nor1 an (fice :i* he fill$ = twelve ye>s4 ,! p lik$ him1 ?\gh he made "s enemies because he kept 8 soldi]ly ways & did n always speak 9 g5tle phrases4 ,he 0 a k9d1 w>m-he>t$ man1 nev]!less1 lov+ 8 family & fri5ds4 ,8 en]gy1 too1 0 well kn[n1 & he 0 always ready to fur!r a new s*eme4 ,because he />t$ ! fir/ iron furnaces 9 ,am]ica he 0 call$ ! 8,tubal ,ca9 ( ,virg9ia10 ,tubal ,ca9 be+ kn[n 9 sacr$ hi/ory z ! fir/ ( metal work]s4 ,no?+ 0 m important to ! coloni/s ?an iron1 = !y c\ld n always br+ tools & kettles & nails & gun metal f ,engl&4 ,! gov]nor %[$ 8 practical ability 9 o!r ways4 ,he br\ght ov] ,g]mans :o knew h[ to raise grapes & make w9e4 ,he 0 int]e/$ 9 tea*+ ! ,indians1 & at "o "t he s5t out %ips & caught 8,blackbe>d10 :o1 ) 8 fell[-pirates1 0 pr[l+ ab\t ! coa/4 ,:5 ! "y ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 9 ,bo/on1 he>d ( ! capture he wrote a poem ab\t x4 ,9 t day ne>ly all ( ,virg9ia 0 9 ! 8tide-wat] c\ntry10 b ,spotswood _h (t5 he>d ( ! valley beyond ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,he made up 8 m9d to g & see ?is region1 & br\ght toge!r a p>ty to make ! j\rney4 ,!y took _! s]vants & pack horses & c>ri$ provisions & _m bottles ( ! w9e :i* ! ,g]mans _h made4 ,!re 0 good hunt+ 9 ! unbrok5 =e/ & !y _h all ! v5ison & o!r wild meat !y c\ld h wi%$4 ,a good map ( ,virg9ia w %[ u ,h>p]s ,f]ry1 :]e ! ,potomac riv] runs ?r\gh a deep gap 9 ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,look+ along ! range to ! s\?we/1 we %all f9d1 ab\t eighty miles away1 ,swift ,run ,gap1 n s l[ a pass1 b "o :i* made x easy to cross ! m\nta9s & g d[n into ! l[l&s along ! ,%5&oah riv]4 ,spotswood & 8 fri5ds climb$ "o ( ! peaks ( ! ,blue ,ridge & nam$ x ,mt4 ,george1 aft] ! k+4 ,ano!r peak 0 nam$ ,alex&] = ! gov]nor4 ,d[n by ! ,%5&oah !y buri$ a bottle 7! hi/orian ( ,virg9ia ?9ks t by ?is "t !y mu/ h _h sev]al t 7 empty71 & 9 ! bottle 0 a pap] /at+ t !y took possession 9 ! "n ( ! k+4 ,!y call$ ! riv] ! ,euphrates1 b ! "n did n cl+ to x4 ,we may be glad ( t1 = ! ,indian "n ( ,%5&oah is mu* m musical4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,,luray1 ,,%5&oah ,,valley ,if ,spotswood _h cross$ ! l[l&s1 he w\ld h f\nd himself among o!r m\nta9s runn+ p>allel to ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,betwe5 ! two ranges is ! valley ( ! ,%5&oah1 or1 z x is q z (t5 call$1 ! valley ( ,virg9ia4 ,! l& is flat & ! soil deep & ri*4 ,! s(t %ales & lime/one ( anci5t high] l&s h wa/$ away "h1 betwe5 ! high] m\nta9s on ei!r side1 & ?us we f9d a valley & a f]tile valley floor4 ,! place 0 wild & lonely :5 ?is b& ( explor]s visit$ x1 b to-day x is a c\ntry ri* 9 int]e/ & associations4 ,if we g nor!a/ we %all pass ,w9*e/]1 :i* became fam\s 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ! valley is ,luray1 :]e ! lime/ones h be5 dissolv$ "u ! gr\nd1 mak+ a l>ge cav]n ) beautiful /alactites4 ,/ill go+ nor?w>d1 we %all pass ,h>p]s ,f]ry on our "r & cross ! ,potomac4 ,on our "r also1 aft] we cross ! riv]1 is ,antietam1 :]e a sev]e battle 0 f\ght betwe5 ,lee & ,mc,clellan4 ,a little f>!r on is ,hag]/[n1 ,colonel ,ro*e/]'s old home1 9 ! /ate ( ,m>yl&4 ,! next move w\ld take u ov] into ,p5nsylvania1 ?r\gh ,*amb]sburg & ,c>lisle1 ab\t :i* we already "k1 & across ! ,susquehanna to ,h>risburg4 ,on our "r1 z we g up into ,p5nsylvania1 is ! l[ ,s\? m\nta91 :i* is ! ,blue ,ridge cont9u$4 ,all ?is "t we are 9 ! ,great ,valley4 ,! valley ( ,virg9ia is b a "p ( ! :ole1 :i* rea*es ?r\gh sev]al /ates & ev]y:]e has ! ,blue ,ridge on ! s\!a/ & o!r ridges ( ! ,appala*ian m\nta9s on ! nor?we/4 ,e "p ( ! valley is ?ickly settl$ & has f9e h\ses & homes1 because its soil produces good crops & makes ! p prosp]\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\!rn ,,appala*ian ,,region ,spotswood's j\rney op5$ ! way = families f ! tide-wat] region to settle beyond ! m\nta9s1 b !y 7 n ! only settl]s4 ,x 0 easy = ! p ( ! ,great ,valley 9 ,p5nsylvania1 :]e ! l& 0 e>li] tak5 up1 to pu% to ! s\?we/ along ! same valley4 ,!y f\nd smoo!r travel+ & bett] f>ms ?an if !y _h gone up into ! m\nta9s on ! we/4 ,s we see t ! valley1 lead+ s\?we/1 guid$ ! /ream ( emigrants 9 t direction4 ,! result 0 t ! valley ( ,virg9ia 0 occupi$ p>tly by p ent]+ ?r\gh ,p5nsylvania1 & p>tly by ^? :o1 l ,spotswood1 came ?r\gh passes 9 ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,x 0 ?irty ye>s lat]1 :5 mo/ ( ! l& 0 /ill a wild]ness1 t we f9d ,george ,wa%+ton cross+ ^! same m\nta9s to survey = ,"l ,fairfax4 ,8 pa? lay betwe5 ,h>p]s ,f]ry & ,swift ,run ,gap4 ,9 ?is valley1 dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 8,/onewall0 ,jackson1 ,%]idan1 & o!r well-kn[n g5]als took _! armies up & d[n1 & f\ght a numb] ( battles4 ,! ri* f>ms & full b>ns ( ! valley play$ no small "p 9 ! /rife by furni%+ food = ! soldi]s4 ,! headwat]s ( ! ,james riv] are 9 ! ,great ,valley4 ,"o bran* fl[s s\?we/ & ano!r nor!a/4 ,^! come toge!r & g out to ! s\!a/ by a gap 9 ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,to-day we come up ! ,%5&oah by ! ,norfolk & ,we/]n ,railway1 :i* cont9ues along ^! bran*es ( ! ,james4 ,be=e long we rea* ,roanoke1 a fl\ri%+ city j inside ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,!n foll[s ! cross+ ( ! ,new riv]1 :i* fl[s nor?we/ across ! valley on its long c\rse to ! ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,,james ,,riv] ,,gap ,,9 ,,! ,,blue ,,ridge1 ,,f ,,! ,,we/ ,n[ we are look+ t[>d ,t5nessee1 & ! ,great ,valley soon takes u to sev]al long /reams :i* help to =m ! ,t5nessee riv]4 ,! heads ( ^! /reams we %all f9d 9 ,virg9ia1 & _! names are ! ,hol/on1 ! ,cl9*1 & ,p[ell's riv]4 ,! ,great ,valley 9 ?is s\?we/]n "p ( ,virg9ia is really divid$ into sev]al valleys by long & r high ridges t sep>ate ^! riv]s4 ,! ma9 l9e ( ! ,s\!rn ,railway1 betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,knoxville1 runs along ! valley ( ! ,hol/on riv] & crosses f ,virg9ia into ,t5nessee at ,bri/ol4 ,aft] we come into ,t5nessee ! ridges t sep>ate ! /reams fall away aga91 & we f9d "o great valley1 ab\t =ty miles wide4 ,on ! nor?we/ ! ,cumb]l& plateau & ! ,cumb]l& m\nta9s rise above x4 ,on ! s\!a/ !re loom up ! ,great ,smoky m\nta9s on ! bord] ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,great ,smoky is only ano!r "n = ! ,blue ,ridge1 = x is ! same range1 only high] & wid] ?an x is f>!r nor?4 ,al?\gh ?is valley is a "p ( ! ,great ,valley1 x is commonly call$ ! valley ( ea/ ,t5nessee1 its p us+ ! home "n z !y d 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! ,hol/on1 ! ,cl9*1 & ,p[ell's riv] are n ! only bran*es ( ! ,t5nessee4 ,out ( ! ,great ,smoky m\nta9s !re fl[ f ! ea/ ! ,fr5* ,broad1 ! ,little ,t5nessee1 & ! ,hiwassee4 ,knoxville /&s a little bel[ ! place :]e ! ,hol/on & ,fr5* ,broad fl[ toge!r1 & ,*attanooga is a hundr$ miles f>!r d[n1 :]e ! ,t5nessee1 n[ a lordly /ream1 leaves ! ,great ,valley & fl[s we/w>d ?r\gh a deep valley 9 ! ,cumb]l& plateau4 ,?is lesson 9 geography we mu/ le>n well1 ) ! help ( a map1 & we %all !n see :at ! pione]s did z !y foll[$ ! riv]s betwe5 ! m\nta9s4 ,x is an old road t runs f ,p5nsylvania to ,t5nessee by ! valley4 ,x took ! pione] across ! ,potomac ?r\gh ,w9*e/] & ,/aunton 9 ,virg9ia4 ,f>!r on 0 a =tifi$ place1 ,=t ,*issel1 built 9 #ageh1 :i* 0 on ! way to ! ,watauga ,settlem5t & ,cumb]l& ,gap4 ,( ,watauga we mu/ n[ tell1 & ( ! ,cumb]l& ,gap 9 ! next *apt]4 ,watauga is ! "n ( a small riv] :i* fl[s out ( ! m\nta9s on ! ea/1 into ! ,great ,valley1 & ent]s ! ,hol/on4 ,9 a pleasant spot on ! banks ( ?is /ream ! fir/ settlem5t ( :ite m5 9 ,t5nessee 0 made4 ,"s ( ! p _h come along ! valley f ,p5nsylvania & ,virg9ia1 & o!rs _h climb$ ov] ! m\nta9s f ,nor? ,c>ol9a because ( ! wrongs !y _h suff]$ !re4 ,_m ( ^! m5 & wom5 _h come f ! nor? ( ,irel&4 ,!y 7 n ( ,iri% b ( ,scot* blood1 _! ance/ors hav+ orig9ally come f ,scotl& to make ! nor? ( ,irel& _! home4 ,= ?is reason !y are (t5 call$ ,scot*-,iri%1 b :atev] we "n !m1 we are to rememb] t !y 7 /urdy & intellig5t p4 ,consci5ti\s & loyal ,presbyt]ians !y 7 9 fai?1 & by nature brave & full ( endurance4 ,_! fa!rs _h %$ _! blood = fre$om on ,scotti% fields1 & ! sons 7 n likely to be fright5$ by a wild]ness full ( r$ savages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,,hilly ,,f>m ,,l&s ,,9 ,,! ,,great ,,valley1 ,,ne> ,,knoxville ,besides ! ,scot*-,iri%1 !re 7 _m ,g]mans :o _h foll[$ ! valley f ,p5nsylvania1 & !re 7 ,hugu5ots also1 besides a few ,holl&]s & ,sw$es4 ,a =t 0 built on ! little riv]1 & ar\nd ?is def5se grew up ! ,watauga ,settlem5t4 ,!re 0 no ,t5nessee 9 ^? days4 ,_m ( ! settl]s _h foll[$ d[n ! valleys f e>li] homes 9 ,virg9ia1 & x nev] occurr$ to !m t !y 7 n /ill liv+ 9 ,virg9ia1 & able to call on ! colony = help4 ,b aft] a "t a man came to ! settlem5t :o 0 a surveyor1 & = "s reason he ?\ght t he w\ld run ! b\nd>y l9e ( ,virg9ia f>!r we/4 ,:5 he _h done x1 :at 0 ! surprise ( e "o to f9d t !y 7 n 9 ,virg9ia at all6 ,if !y belong$ to any colony1 x 0 to ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,un=tunately !re 0 a lack ( good gov]nm5t 9 t colony1 & ! prospect ( belong+ to x 0 n a pleasant "o2 inde$1 "s ( ! settl]s _h run away f ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & _h felt saf] because ! great m\nta9s rose betwe5 !m & _! =m] home4 ,!re seem$ no?+ to d b to make a gov]nm5t ( _! own1 s !y =m$ ! ,watauga ,association1 ab\t :i* writ]s ( ,am]ican hi/ory h said a good deal4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to see a copy ( ! con/itution t 0 drawn up by ^! backwoodsm51 b x has be5 lo/1 ) little hope t x w ev] be recov]$4 ,x is kn[n1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 a committee ( ?irte51 really a legislature4 ,?is committee *ose five ( _! own numb] to =m a c\rt1 :i* _h a cl]k & a %]iff & made laws = all ! settl]s4 ,roosevelt1 9 8 ,w9n+ ( ! ,we/1 says t ^! pione]s 7 ! fir/ to build a 8free & indep5d5t community0 9 ,am]ica4 ,! two mo/ important m5 ( ?is little /ate 9 ! wild =e/ %[ u t ! settl]s came f widely diff]5t places4 ,james ,rob]tson 0 "o1 & he came ov] ! m\nta9s f ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,john ,sevi] 0 ! o!r1 & he came d[n ! valley f ,virg9ia4 ,we %all ne$ to "k :at sort ( m5 ^! 74 ,james ,rob]tson belong$ to ! ,scot*-,iri% p4 ,he 0 n "o ( ! v fir/ settl]s at ,watauga1 b came 9 ! second ye>1 #aggj4 ,he _h no e>ly education1 & 8 wife1 an intellig5t woman1 taught him to read4 ,he w5t alone ov] ! m\nta9s1 ) only 8 horse & gun1 9 se>* ( a place = a home4 ,he f\nd ! settl]s & admir$ ! place :i* !y _h *os51 b on 8 way back 9 ! fall he lo/ 8 horse & got 8 p[d] wet4 ,he w&]$ ab\t1 almo/ />v$1 until he met "s hunt]s1 :o help$ him home4 ,he told 8 neighbors ( ! l&s 9 ! valley1 & z soon z ! w9t] 0 ov] 8 own family & sixte5 o!rs />t$ out = ,watauga4 ,he built a log h\se1 w5t to "w on ! l&1 & by 8 wisdom & en]gy soon came to be a lead] ( ! new colony4 ,john ,sevi] did n come until #aggb4 ,8 fa!r _h be5 a settl] 9 ! ,%5&oah valley1 & ,john foll[$ ! /reams1 z we h trac$ !m1 to ! ,great ,valley4 ,he 0 by bir? a g5tleman1 us+ t ^w to mean a man born ( cultivat$ p>5ts & famili> ) ! _w4 ,he 0 well educat$ & 0 acqua9t$ ) prom95t m51 su* z ,frankl9 & ,madison4 ,bo? he & ,rob]tson 7 good fight]s1 z we %all see4 ,x 0 n long be=e sev5 hundr$ ,indian w>riors1 angry because ! :ite p _h made homes on _! hunt+ gr\nds1 /ole 9 ^u ! settlem5t4 ,an ,indian woman1 ,nancy ,w>d by "n1 :o felt k9dly t[>d ! :ites1 secretly w>n$ !m ( ! attack1 s t :5 ! savages came !y f\nd all ! m51 wom51 & *ildr5 9 ! =t4 ,x 0 n mu* ( a =t1 b x sav$ _! lives4 ,! ,indians kept up ! attack = six days1 b ! coloni/s1 l$ by ,sevi] & ,rob]tson1 held out aga9/ !m & kill$ a numb] ( _! braves4 ,:5 ne>ly a week _h pass$ ! r$ m51 tir$ ( ! siege1 w5t (f ?r\gh ! =e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,,f ,,! ,,p9nacle1 ,,cumb]l& ,,gap1 ,,look+ ,,nor!a/ ,,along ,,! ,,cumb]l& ,,m\nta9s4 ,,! ,,great ,,valley ,,at ,,! ,,"r ,at "o "t1 :5 "s lawless :ites _h kill$ an ,indian )\t reason1 ! memb]s ( ! tribe 7 v angry & ?reat5$ to av5ge ! murd]4 ,rob]tson1 ?9k+ t he c\ld s(t5 _! ang]1 w5t alone among ! fi]ce ,*]okees4 ,he told !m t ! ,watauga p 7 v sorry ! man _h be5 kill$1 & t !y w\ld try to f9d & puni% ! murd]]4 ,z ! ,indians believ$ ,rob]tson to be an hone/ man1 !y did z he ask$ !m to d & ! settl]s 7 n di/urb$4 ,! ,watauga coloni/s _h to live 9 a v r\gh & simple way4 ,!y built _! cab9s ( logs1 ) :at 7 call$ pun*eon floors1--t is1 floors made ( ?ick1 rude slabs4 ,frequ5tly a big slab s]v$ = a table1 ?ree-legg$ /ools = *airs1 & a r[ ( pegs = a w>drobe4 ,roosevelt says t ! dress ( ! m5 0 l>gely copi$ f t ( ! ,indians1 & includ$ a fur cap1 legg+s ( bucksk9 or elk hide1 & a fr+$ hunt+ %irt4 ,a heavy rifle 0 c>ri$1 :i* 0 usually fir$ f a re/4 ,g>m5ts & b$ clo?+ 7 made ( wool1 :i* 0 spun at home by ! wives & daught]s4 ,! wom5 work$ h>d f morn+ till night1 & ! m5 _h _m ?+s to d4 ,!re 7 l&s to be cle>$1 crops to be rais$1 & game to be hunt$ & dress$4 ,besides all ^! occupations x 0 necess>y to keep a con/ant look\t = ho/ile savages & to h all means ( def5se ready 9 case ( a sudd5 attack4 ,! ,indians 7 s crafty & deceitful t only ! close/ wat*fulness sav$ ! palefaces f dang] & dea?4 ,sometimes an unw>y hunt]1 he>+ ! gobbl+ ( a turkey or ! call ( an owl1 w\ld come out into an op5 place only to be laid l[ by ! r$ man's bullet4 ,^! exp]i5ces develop$ a /rong & brave p4 ,! settl]s (t5 b>t]$ ?+s because !y _h no money1 & !y 7 ignorant ( _m ( ! ways ( civiliz$ life4 ,"s ( ! fronti]sm5 did n "k t tea leaves %\ld be /eep$ & us$ = a dr9k1 & tri$ to eat !m ) butt] or salt4 ,:5 a boy 0 twelve ye>s old he _h to beg9 to take a man's "p4 ,a gun 0 giv5 to him1 & he 0 plac$ at a loophole 9 ! =t to help keep (f ! savage foe4 ,?us ! boys grew up to be real m51 kn[+ little fe>1 able to take c>e ( !mselves1 & help+ to build "o ( ! great /ates ( ! ,am]ican ,union4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,to ,,k5tucky ,,by ,,! ,,cumb]l& ,,gap ,dr4 ,?omas ,walk] 0 a man ( ,virg9ia4 ,he _h att5d$ ,william & ,m>y ,college1 & 0 well educat$ = 8 times4 ,z ! ag5t ( a l& company :i* _h a grant ( new l&s 9 ,k5tucky1 he1 ) sev]al companions1 made a h>d j\rney ( six mon?s into ! wild]ness4 ,!y />t$ at ,*>lottesville 9 ,virg9ia1 w5t ?r\gh ! ,blue ,ridge into ! ,great ,valley1 & !n foll[$ ! valley s\?we/4 ,"o ( ,walk]'s companions bore ! "n ( ,ambrose ,p[ell1 & z !y foll[$ "o ( ! long /reams t fl[ to ! s\?we/ to =m ! ,t5nessee1 !y nam$ x ,p[ell's riv]4 ,8 son aft]w>ds 0 an (fic] 9 ! ,revolution1 & x is said t ,a4 ,p4 ,hill1 a well-kn[n ,conf$]ate g5]al 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 0 8 great-gr&son4 ,^! 71 9 fact1 no common m5 :o1 9 ! ye> #agej1 v5tur$ out into ! =e/1 ov] ! r\ghe/ trails we c imag9e1 among wild animals & savage m54 ,foll[+ d[n ,p[ell's riv]1 ! travel]s saw rugg$ m\nta9s on _! "r1 ! ,cumb]l& range4 ,z !y wi%$ to explore ! =e/s ( ,k5tucky1 !y 7 look+ = a *ance to pass ! m\nta9s1 & by & by !y came 9 sight ( a deep not*1 cut at lea/ a ?\s& feet bel[ ! top ( ! m\nta9 ridge 7,fig4 #ed74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,,cumb]l& ,,gap ,,f ,,! ,,ea/ ,!y turn$ aside to ?is & foll[$ x out ( ! ,great ,valley4 ,!y _h to climb up ab\t five hundr$ feet ?r\gh a wood$ rav9e 9 ord] to rea* ! top ( ! pass1 & !re 0 a simil> slope on ! o!r side4 ,?is br\ght !m to an op5 valley & to a riv]1 :i* !y foll[$ ?r\gh a gap 9 ano!r m\nta9 range1 ! ,p9eville m\nta9s4 ,dr4 ,walk] call$ ! fir/ pass ! ,cumb]l& ,gap1 9 honor ( a well-kn[n ,engli%man1 & ! "n has surviv$ ev5 to ! pres5t day4 ,9 l mann] we h ! ,cumb]l& m\nta9s4 ,walk] did n g f> en\gh we/ to f9d ! beautiful ,k5tucky l&s on ! ,ohio riv]4 ,aft] w&]+ ab\t 9 ! high1 r\gh c\ntry ( ea/]n ,k5tucky1 he f9ally rea*$ 8 ,virg9ia home )\t hav+ accompli%$ mu* 9 ! s]vice ( 8 company4 ,b he _h f\nd & nam$ :at has become "o ( ! mo/ fam\s hi/orical places 9 ,am]ica1 ! ,cumb]l& ,gap4 ,he 0 n ! fir/ man to g ?r\gh x1 = ! ,indians _h long be5 famili> ) x4 ,_! trail _h trav]s$ x = no "o kn[s h[ _m g5]ations4 ,n only did x lead directly to ! op51 f]tile c\ntry we/ ( ! m\nta9s1 b beyond x ! w>rior's trail /ret*$ nor?w>d ?r\gh ! woods to ! ,ohio riv]4 ,! ,watauga ,settlem5t 0 ab\t fifty miles ea/w>d f ! ,cumb]l& ,gap4 ,z ! h>dy pione]s did n make mu* ( foll[+ a =e/ trail = fifty miles1 ! ,watauga colony 0 next door to ,k5tucky1 & ! great gap 9 ! ,cumb]l& m\nta9s 0 only a /ep f>!r on1 ei!r = !m or = travel]s to ! ,we/ :o might *oose ?is r\te4 ,we mu/ n[ foll[ ! =tunes ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ,k5tucky hunt]s & pione]s1 :o1 :ile he did n f9d or "n ! ,cumb]l& ,gap1 (t5 w5t ?r\gh x1 & is rememb]$ by mo/ p 9 connection ) x4 ,?is man 0 ,daniel ,boone4 ,we c\ld n f9d a bett] example ( ! movem5t along ! ,great ,valley to ! s\?we/ ?an ! life ( ,boone2 = 8 *ildhood 0 sp5t on :at 0 !n ! fronti]1 & 8 exp]i5ce 0 l t ( hundr$s ( o!rs simil>ly re>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,,daniel ,,boone ,boone 0 born ne> ! ,s*uylkill riv] 9 ,p5nsylvania 9 #agcd1 two ye>s aft] ! bir? ( ,wa%+ton4 ,?is "p ( ,p5nsylvania 0 /ill on ! edge ( ! wild]ness1 & f 8 e>ly boyhood ,boone knew all ab\t ! ,indians4 ,8 family 7 ,quak]s1 & he himself 0 quiet & ?\ghtful1 le>n+ to read f ! ,quak] wife ( 8 elde/ bro!r1 b gett+ mo/ ( 8 education 9 ! fields & woods4 ,?\gh he c\ld read1 he spell$ almo/ z badly z did ,ni*olas ,h]kim]4 ,boone _h "s exp]i5ce z a blacksmi?1 :i*1 8 biograph] says1 taught him h[ to m5d 8 traps & guns4 ,he us$ to hunt 9 ! woods 9 w9t]1 help+ ?us to fe$ ! family1 & ) ! sk9s :i* he took to ,philadelphia he b\ght p[d]1 lead1 & hunt+ knives4 ,:5 ,boone 0 ab\t sixte5 ye>s old 8 family decid$ to move4 ,!y w5t along ! ,great ,valley1 z _m 7 do+ 9 ^? days1 cross$ ! ,potomac1 & travel$ f> ?r\gh ! valley ( ,virg9ia4 ,!n !y turn$ ea/1 cross$ ! ,blue ,ridge1 & made a home 9 ! valley ( ! ,yadk9 riv] 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,!y 7 ?us ea/ ( ! m\nta9s1 & across1 to ! we/1 0 ! ,watauga ,settlem5t4 ,:ile 8 home 0 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,boone _h an exp]i5ce :i* help$ him to be a rugg$ pione]1 = he w5t up to ,virg9ia & across ! m\nta9s ) ,g5]al ,braddock1 s]v+ z wagon] & blacksmi?4 ,he f\nd himself 9 dang]\s qu>t]s 9 ! battle1 :]e _m ( ! team/]s 7 %ot1 b he manag$ to cut 8 horses loose1 m\nt$ "o ( !m1 & escap$4 ,on ?is exp$ition he made fri5ds ) ,john ,f9ley1 & toge!r !y plann$ to g at "s future "t to ,k5tucky by ! ,cumb]l& ,gap & enjoy ! f9e hunt+ 9 ! =e/s ( ! ,we/4 ,f9ley _h already made a j\rney d[n to ! falls ( ! ,ohio riv]4 ,at home ,boone liv$1 l all o!rs 9 ^? valleys1 9 a small log cab9 *9k$ ) clay & w>m$ by a l>ge fireplace1 9 :i*1 says 8 biograph]1 8! "y wife 7= ,boone 0 n[ m>ri$7 cook$ simple meals ( corn mu%1 pumpk9s1 squa%es1 beans1 potatoes1 & pork1 or wild meat ( _m k9ds40 ,boone sp5t 8 "t 9 f>m+1 work+ at ! =ge1 & hunt+2 b he lik$ hunt+ be/1 & 0 nev] s happy z 9 ! ?ick =e/ alone ) 8 gun4 ,he (t5 w5t on long hunt+ trips1 return+ ) be>'s meat1 v5ison1 be>'s oil1 & furs1 ! la/ to be sold = o!r ?+s ne$$ at home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,,p9eville ,,gap1 ,,:]e ,,! ,,cumb]l& ,,riv] ,,passes ,,p9eville ,,m\nta9 ,a ,,few ,,miles ,,beyond ,,cumb]l& ,,gap ,9 #agfg ,boone & "o or two fri5ds made a hunt+ t\r into ,k5tucky1 ?\gh !y did n "k !y 7 s f> we/ z t4 ,z !y 7 kept !re by heavy sn[s1 !y camp$ at a 8salt lick0 & liv$ by %oot+ ! buffaloes & o!r animals t came to get ! salt4 ,! hunt]s return$ to _! homes 9 ! spr+ & did n g out until #agfi4 ,meantime ,john ,f9ley 0 p$dl+ 9 t s\? l&1 & "o day surpris$ ,boone1 & himself1 too1 by knock+ at ! door ( ,boone's cab94 ,he made ! h>dy pione] a long visit1 & 9 ! spr+1 hav+ talk$ x all ov] _m times1 !y set out = ,k5tucky4 ,!y cross$ ! ,blue ,ridge & ! ,great ,valley & came to ,cumb]l& ,gap4 ,?is 0 ,boone's fir/ j\rney to ! great pass4 ,x is pleasant n[ to /& 9 ! gap at ! top ( ! pass & ?9k ( ! "t :5 ,boone ) 8 hunt+ fri5ds made _! way up f ! ea/ & w5t happily d[n ?r\gh ! woods to ! /range c\ntry on ! we/4 ,at "o "t !y 7 tak5 by ,indians1 :o plund]$ _! camp & /ole all _! furs4 ,mo/ ( ! p>ty 7 disc\rag$ & w5t back to ! settlem5ts1 b ,boone & "o companion 7 angry at _! loss & det]m9$ to /ay & make x good4 ,?is 0 l ,boone1 :o knew no?+ ( fe>1 & :o did n easily give up :at he want$ to d4 ,he made sev]al trips to ,k5tucky & greatly lik$ ! new c\ntry4 ,at l5g?1 hav+ decid$ to take 8 family ) him & make 8 home !re1 he became ! lead] ( ! pione]s t w5t out "u ! ,transylvania ,company1 z x 0 call$4 ,!y built a =t & f\nd$ a place nam$ ,boonesbor\gh1 aft] ! great hunt]4 ,b he 0 mu* m ?an a hunt]1 be+ n[ a milit>y comm&] & do+ survey+ also = p :o 7 tak+ up tracts ( new l&4 ,h\ses & =ts 7 built1 =e/s 7 cle>$1 & crops 7 rais$4 ,su* 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! /ate ( ,k5tucky4 ,x 0 n all simple & pleasant "w1 h[ev]4 ,9 #agfh1 ! ye> be=e ,daniel ,boone & ,john ,f9ley w5t ?r\gh ! ,cumb]l& ,gap1 a great company ( ,indians _h ga!r$ at ,=t ,/anwix1 :i* we rememb] f ! battle ( ,oriskany1 & by a treaty _h giv5 to ! ,engli% ! rights to ! ,k5tucky region4 ,b ! p[]ful ,*]okees ( ! s\!rn m\nta9s 7 n at ,=t ,/anwix1 & !y _h some?+ to say ab\t ! settlem5t ( ,k5tucky l&s4 ,s ,boone call$ !m toge!r at a great meet+ on ! ,watauga riv]1 & b\ght ! ,k5tucky =e/s f !m4 ,?is 0 ! "t :5 an old *ief said to ,boone1 8,bro!r1 we h giv5 y a f9e l&1 b ,i believe y w h mu* tr\ble settl+ x40 ,! old ,indian 0 "r1--!y did h mu* tr\ble4 ,cab9s 7 burnt1 & settl]s 7 sla9 ) gun & tomahawk1 b ,boone & _m o!rs ) him w\ld admit no failure4 ,p began to p\r 9 ?r\gh ! ,cumb]l& ,gap1 until m =e/s 7 cle>$1 ! t[ns grew l>g]1 & ! ,indians1 :o d n l to fight 9 ! op5 c\ntry1 drew back to ! woods & ! m\nta9s4 ,boone m>k$ out ! trail :i* 0 aft]w>ds kn[n z ! ,wild]ness road4 ,x _h also be5 kn[n z ,boone's trail1 ,k5tucky road1 ,virg9ia road1 & ,ca9tuck ,hog road4 ,a man :o w5t out ) ,boone 9 "o ( 8 exp$itions to ,k5tucky kept a di>y1 & 9 x he gives ! names ( "s ( ! new settl]s4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,abraham ,hanks1 :o 0 ,abraham ,l9coln's gr&fa!r4 ,x 0 no easy j\rney t ^! m5 made to ,k5tucky1 & no easy life t !y f\nd :5 !y got !re1 b !y plant$ ! fir/ ,am]ican /ate beyond ! m\nta9s1 & ! r\gh pione]s :o liv$ 9 cab9s & ate pork1 pumpk9s1 & corn bread 7 ! ance/ors ( "s ( our mo/ fam\s m54 ,! ,wild]ness road has nev] be5 a good "o1 & is no m ?an any o!r byroad ?r\gh a r\gh c\ntry to-day4 ,sometimes ! e>ly travel]s1 :o always w5t 9 companies = safety1 w\ld be too tir$ to g on until !y _h /opp$ to re/ & to get *e] by s++ hymns & say+ pray]s4 ,b !y made ! be/ ( x1 = !y knew t !y 7 go+ to a f9e c\ntry1 :i* w\ld repay !m = _! suff]+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,,cornfield ,,ne> ,,cumb]l& ,,gap ,boone & five o!r m5 7 once 9 camp by a /ream1 & 7 lucky en\gh to h ) !m ! /ory ( ,gulliv]'s ,travels4 ,"o ( ! "y m51 :o _h be5 he>+ ! book read by ! camp fire1 came 9 "o night be>+ a c\ple ( scalps t he _h tak5 f a pair ( savages4 ,he told 8 fri5ds t 8he _h be5 t day to ,lulbegrud & _h kill$ two ,brobd+nags 9 _! capital40 ,! /ream ne> :i* x happ5$ is /ill call$ ,lulbegrud creek4 ,^! wild]ness m5 made ! be/ ( ?+s1 & ?\gh !y work$ h>d & f\ght (t51 !y 7 a *e]ful & happy company4 ,!y 7 n spoil$ by hav+ too _m luxuries1 & !y did n ?9k t ! _w ow$ !m a liv+ )\t any ef=t on _! "p4 ,beg9n+ ab\t ! "t ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 _m p f\nd ! way to ,k5tucky by ! ,great ,valley1 ! ,cumb]l& ,gap1 & ! ,wild]ness road4 ,:5 fifte5 ye>s _h gone by !re 7 sev5ty ?\s& p 9 ,k5tucky1 along ! ,ohio riv]4 ,n all _h come by ! gap1 = "s _h sail$ d[n ! riv]2 b !y all help$ to plant ! new /ate4 ,moreov] 9 fight+ (f ! ,indians f _! own cab9s & cornfields !y _h protect$ ! fronti]s ( ,virg9ia & o!rs ( ! old] /ates1 s t ,k5tucky 0 a k9d ( advance gu>d beyond ! m\nta9s1 & l$ ! way = ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,t5nessee1 & o!r great /ates 9 ! ,we/ & ,s\?4 ,d[n 9 ! he>t ( ,k5tucky1 by ! ,ohio riv]1 is a l& long kn[n z ! ,k5tucky ,blue ,grass region4 ,! 8blue grass10 z x is call$1 gr[s luxuriantly "h1 z d gra9 & tobacco1 = ! soils1 made by ! wa/+ ( lime/one1 are ri* & f]tile4 ,:]ev] ! soil & climate are good1 crops are l>ge & ! p ?rive4 ,!y h en\gh to eat & pl5ty to sell1 & ?us !y c h good homes1 _m com=ts1 books1 & education4 ,if ! pione]s _h _h to settle 9 ! high1 r\gh1 ea/]n p>ts ( ,k5tucky1 x w\ld n h be5 wor? :ile to suff] s mu* to get !re2 b !y 7 on ! way to ! ,blue ,grass c\ntry4 ,ev5 be=e ! com+ ( ! :ite man !re 7 op5 l&s :i*1 p]haps by ,indian fires1 _h lo/ _! cov] ( trees4 ,su* l&s are (t5 call$ prairies4 ,^! prairies1 h[ev]1 7 n s flat z ^? ( ,ill9ois1 & !y 7 bord]$ by groves & =e/s4 ,!re 7 f9e /reams ev]y:]e1 & ne> by 0 ! great ,ohio1 ready to s]ve z a highway t[>d ,philadelphia or ,new ,orleans4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4 ,,k5tucky ,,blue ,,grass ,! ,wild]ness road came out on ! riv] at ! falls ( ! ,ohio1 & "h1 z we h le>n$1 a city began to spr+ up1 p>tly because ( ! falls & p>tly because ( ! ,blue ,grass region ly+ back ( x4 ,9 ?is region we f9d ! /ate capital1 & "h1 along ! roads1 may be se5 old mansions belong+ to well-to-d desc5dants ( ! plucky m5 :o came 9 by ! ,wild]ness road or /e]$ _! flatboats d[n ! ,ohio4 ,if we g back to ,cumb]l& ,gap1 we %all see t _m ?+s h happ5$ s9ce ,boone's "t4 ,9 ! pass & on ! ,p9nacle1 a ?\s& feet above on ! nor?1 are ridges ( e>?1 :i* %[ :]e busy %ovels ?rew up def5ses 9 ! ,civil ,w>2 = armies pass$ ?is way betwe5 ,k5tucky & ! valley ( ,t5nessee1 & made ! gap an important po9t to be seiz$ & held4 ,! road ?r\gh ! gap is /ill ab\t z bad a pa? z "o c\ld f9d4 ,ne> x on ! ea/ side ( ! m\nta9s is yet to be se5 a furnace ( r\gh /ones1 built 9 ^? e>ly days = smelt+ iron4 ,b !re is little else to rem9d u ( t f>-(f "t4 ,to-day y may1 if y *oose1 pass ! m\nta9s )\t climb+ ?r\gh ! gap1 = tra9s g ro>+ ?r\gh a tunnel a mile long1 :ile ! e*o ( ! scream+ :i/les rolls along ! m\nta9 sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4 ,,?ree ,,/ates ,,monum5t1 ,,cumb]l& ,,gap ,on ! flat gr\nds j inside ! gap is ,middlesboro1 a t[n ( sev]al ?\s& p1 ) wide /reets & well-built %ops & h\ses4 ,only a few miles away are coal m9es f :i* ?\s&s ( tons ( coal are dug1 & ?is is "o reason :y ! railroads are "h4 ,!re are endless /ores ( fuel "u ^! highl&s1 & m5 are break+ into ! wild]ness z fa/ z !y c4 ,b if we climb ?r\gh ! gap z ,boone did1 or ride a horse to ! ,p9nacle1 we may look out ^u ! wond]ful valley bel[1 /ret*+ (f to ! foot ( ! ,great ,smoky m\nta9s1 ^: rugg$ tops c>ry our eyes f> ov] into ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,or we may turn ! o!r way & foll[ ,boone's trail to ! ,blue ,grass4 ,d[n 9 ! gap is a r\gh1 wea!r-beat5 pill> ( lime/one ab\t ?ree feet high & lean+ z ! picture %[s 7,fig4 #ei74 ,x is almo/1 b n q1 :]e ?ree /ates come toge!r1 = x is "h1 at ! ,cumb]l& ,gap1 t ! corn]s ( ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky meet on ! edge ( ,t5nessee4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,fronti] ,,soldi]s ,,& ,,/atesm5 ,n long be=e ! ,revolution began "s trea*]\s :ites 9 ! we/]n c\ntry _h murd]$ ! :ole family ( ! fri5dly ,indian *ief1 ,logan4 ,?is ar\s$ ! tribes & l$ to w>4 ,a piece ( flat l& runs out betwe5 ! two /reams :]e ! ,great ,kana:a riv] jo9s ! ,ohio1 9 :at is n[ ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,"h1 on a day e>ly 9 ,octob]1 #aggd1 twelve hundr$ fronti]sm5 7 ga!r$ "u ! comm& ( an (fic] nam$ ,&rew ,lewis4 ,^! backwoods soldi]s 7 attack$ by a ?\s& ( ! brave/ ,indian w>riors1 comm&$ by ,corn/alk1 a ,%awnee *ief4 ,x 0 a fi]ce /ruggle & bo? sides lo/ _m m51 b ! pione]s held _! gr\nd1 & ! r$ m51 :5 !y _h _h en\gh fight+1 w5t away4 ,?is battle at ,po9t ,pleasant f9i%$ :at is sometimes kn[n z ,"l ,dunmore's ,w>1 s call$ because x 0 c>ri$ on "u ,"l ,dunmore1 ! la/ gov]nor t ! ,engli% k+ s5t out to ,virg9ia4 ,! successful :ite m5 7 n[ free to g d[n ! ,ohio riv] & settle on ! ,k5tucky l&s4 ,among ! patriots fight+ = _! fronti] homes 7 our old fri5ds ,james ,rob]tson & ,john ,sevi] ( ,watauga1 & ano!r "y man1 ,isaac ,%elby4 ,we are to he> aga9 ab\t all ^!1 = !y 7 m5 likely to be f\nd :5ev] some?+ important 0 to be done4 ,! ,great ,kana:a is ! same /ream t we h call$ ! ,new riv] :]e x crosses ! ,great ,valley 9 ,virg9ia4 ,we are le>n+ h[ _m great riv]s help to make up ! ,ohio1 & :at an important region ! ,ohio valley 0 to ! "y c\ntry ea/ ( ! m\nta9s4 ,! settlem5ts ( :i* we h j read 7 all s\? ( ! ,ohio riv]1 = nor? ( ! riv] ! ,am]icans did n possess ! l&4 ,?is means t ! c\ntry :i* n[ makes up ! /ates ( ,ohio1 ,indiana1 & ,ill9ois 0 9 =eign h&s4 ,! p 7 l>gely ,fr5* & ,indians1 b !y 7 gov]n$ by ! ,briti%4 ,9 ord] to defeat ! ,am]icans1 ! ,briti%1 9 all ! ye>s ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 7 /irr+ up ! ,indian tribes aga9/ ! patriots4 ,j z ,/4 ,leg] _h ,indian allies 9 ,new ,york1 s ,briti% ag5ts brib$ ! ,indians ( ! ,we/ & ,s\? to fight & make z mu* tr\ble z possible4 ,george ,rog]s ,cl>k 0 a "y ,virg9ian :o _h gone out to ,k5tucky1 :i* !n belong$ to ! "m /ate4 ,he he>d t ,colonel ,h5ry ,hamilton1 :o comm&$ ! ,briti% at ,detroit1 0 p]suad+ ! ,indians ( t region to attack ! fronti]4 ,he set out = ,virg9ia1 saw ,patrick ,h5ry1 ! gov]nor1 ,?omas ,jeff]son1 & o!r lead+ m51 & ga9$ p]mission to ga!r an army4 ,?is 0 9 #aggg1 ! ye> ( ,oriskany & ,s>atoga4 ,he sp5t ! w9t] enli/+ soldi]s1 ga!r+ 8 =ces at ,pittsburg4 ,late ! next spr+ !y w5t 9 boats d[n ! ,ohio to ! po9t :]e ! muddy wat]s ( ! ,mississippi come 9 f ! nor?4 ,?is alone 0 a j\rney ( a ?\s& miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4 ,,george ,,rog]s ,,cl>k ,up ! ,mississippi f t place 0 ,kaskaskia1 on ! ,ill9ois side4 ,x is n[ a v small village1 b x is ! olde/ t[n on ! ,mississippi riv] & 0 ! fir/ capital ( ,ill9ois4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,revolution x 0 gov]n$ by ! ,briti%1 al?\gh mo/ ( ! p 7 ,fr5*4 ,cl>k & 8 little army soon seiz$ ! place & made ! p promise ob$i5ce to ! new gov]nm5t4 ,!re 0 ano!r important old place call$ ,v9c5nes1 on ! ,waba% riv]1 9 :at is n[ ,indiana4 ,:5 ,colonel ,hamilton he>d :at ,cl>k 0 do+ he l$ an army ( five hundr$ m51 _m ( :om 7 ,indians1 f ,detroit to ,v9c5nes4 ,x took !m m ?an two mon?s to make ! j\rney4 ,cl>k s5t "s ( 8 m5 ) boats & provisions & cannon d[n ! ,mississippi1 up ! ,ohio1 & up ! ,waba%4 ,he1 ) mo/ ( 8 little =ce1 w5t across ! prairie4 ,x 0 a w9t] m>* & !y _h to wade ?r\gh flood wat]s = a "p ( ! way4 ,he f\nd ! food & ! guns & soon captur$ ,hamilton & 8 army4 ,?is 0 ! la/ ( ,briti% gov]nm5t betwe5 ! ,ohio riv] & ! ,great ,lakes4 ,at ! close ( ! w> ! ,am]ican mess5g]s1 :o 7 9 ,p>is arrang+ = peace1 c\ld say t !y already _h possession ( all ! l& ?is side ( ! ,mississippi1 s no excuse 0 left = ! ,briti% to claim x4 ,9 ?is way "o fronti] soldi] sav$ sev]al great /ates = 8 c\ntry4 ,! fronti]sm5 _h beat5 ,corn/alk at ,po9t ,pleasant 9 #aggd4 ,cl>k _h won ! prairie c\ntry five ye>s lat]2 & ! next ye>1 #aghj1 saw ! great victory ( ,k+s ,m\nta94 ,"l ,cornwallis 0 n[ *ief g5]al ( ! ,briti%4 ,he _h conqu]$ ! s\!rn colonies1 ! ,c>ol9as & ,georgia4 ,two ( 8 (fic]s1 ,t>leton & ,f]guson1 7 brave & active comm&]s1 & !y 7 runn+ ov] ! c\ntry ea/ ( ! m\nta9s keep+ ! patriots d[n4 ,f]guson ga!r$ toge!r _m ,am]ican ,tories & drill$ !m to m>* & fight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4 ,,on ,,! ,,fr5* ,,broad1 ,,betwe5 ,,a%eville ,,& ,,knoxville ,! ,watauga m51 j ov] ! m\nta9s to ! we/1 7 loyal patriots4 ,f]guson he>d ( !m & s5t !m a /ormy message4 ,he told !m to keep /ill or he w\ld come ov] & scatt] !m & hang _! lead+ m54 ,!y 7 n us$ to talk ( ?is k9d & !y det]m9$ to tea* ,f]guson a lesson4 ,isaac ,%elby rode 9 hot ha/e f 8 home to ,john ,sevi]'s log h\se on ! ,noli*ucky riv]4 ,:5 he arriv$ he f\nd all ! neighbors !re2 = ,sevi] _h made a b>becue1 & !re 0 to be a big horse race1 ) runn+ & wre/l+ mat*es4 ,%elby took ,sevi] (f by himself & told him ab\t ,f]guson4 ,!y agre$ to call toge!r ! m\nta9 m5 & g ov] ! ,great ,smokies to puni% ! ,briti% g5]al4 ,on ,septemb] #be1 #aghj1 !y came toge!r at ,sycamore ,%oals on ! ,watauga riv]4 ,almo/ ev]ybody 0 !re1 wom5 & *ildr5 z well z m54 ,f\r hundr$ /urdy m5 came f ,virg9ia "u ,william & ,ar?ur ,campbell4 ,^! two lead]s & mo/ ( ! m5 9 ! valley 7 sons ( old ,scot* ,cov5ant]s1 & !y 7 det]m9$ to w94 ,a /]n ,presbyt]ian m9i/]1 ! ,rev]5d ,samuel ,doak1 0 !re4 ,he _h z mu* fight 9 him z any ( !m1 & z !y /ood 9 _! r\gh hunt]'s g>b he call$ ^u ,god = help1 prea*+ to !m f ! words1 8,! sword ( ! ,"l & ( ,gideon40 ,!y set out at once ?r\gh ! m\nta9s1 driv+ beef cattle = "p ( _! food supply1 & e man arm$ ) rifle1 tomahawk1 & scalp+ knife4 ,roosevelt says !re 0 n a bayonet or a t5t 9 _! army4 ,! trail 0 /ony & /eep1 & 9 ! high] m\nta9s !y f\nd sn[4 ,!y m>*$ z quickly z !y c\ld1 = !y want$ to cat* ,f]guson be=e ,cornwallis c\ld s5d m soldi]s to help him4 ,on ! way sev]al hundr$ m5 f ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 "u ,b5jam9 ,clevel&1 jo9$ !m4 ,!y _h appo9t$ no comm&] :5 !y />t$1 b on ! m>* !y *ose "o ( ! ,campbells f ,virg9ia4 ,:5 ,f]guson f\nd t !y 7 pursu+ him & t he mu/ fight1 he took up a /rong position on ,k+s ,m\nta91 9 ! nor?we/ corn] ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,?is hill 0 well *os51 = x /ood by itself & on "o side 0 too /eep = a =ce to climb4 ,f]guson call$ 8 foes a 8sw>m ( backwoodsm510 b he knew t !y c\ld fight1 or he w\ld n h po/$ 8 own army ) s mu* c>e4 ,he felt sure ( success1 h[ev]1 & ?\ght t ,heav5 itself c\ld h>dly drive him (f t hill4 ,z ! patriot lead]s drew ne> ! ,briti% camp !y saw t _m ( _! m5 7 too we>y to ov]take ! swift & w>y ,f]guson1 %\ld he try to get away4 ,s !y pick$ out ab\t half ( ! =ce1 ne>ly a ?\s& m\nt$ m54 ,^! m5 rode all night1 & ! next day approa*$ ! hill4 ,^? :o _h lo/ _! horses on ! way hurri$ on afoot & arriv$ 9 "t to fight4 ,:5 close at h& ! rid]s ti$ _! horses 9 ! woods1 & ! little army advanc$ to ! attack on foot4 ,!y mov$ up ! ?ree sides ( ! hill4 ,f]guson 0 fam\s = 8 bayonet *>ges1 & ! patriots _h no bayonets4 ,s :5 ! ,briti% ru%$ d[n on ! c5t] ( ! advanc+ l9e ! m\nta9e]s gave way & ! enemy pursu$ !m d[n ! hill4 ,!n ! backwoodsm5 on ! flanks ru%$ 9 & p\r$ %ot into ! backs ( ! ,briti%4 ,turn+ to meet ^! new foes1 ! regul>s 7 aga9 *as$ up ! hill & %ot by ! m5 :o _h fl$ f _! bayonets4 ,?us %rewd tactics took ! place ( weapons4 ,at l5g? ! gallant ,f]guson 0 kill$1 ! :ite flag 0 hoi/$1 & ! fir+ /opp$4 ,_m ,briti% 7 sla91 & all ! re/1 save a v few :o escap$ 9 ! confusion1 7 made prison]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,,john ,,sevi] ,x 0 a wond]ful victory = ! m5 f ! valley4 ,!y _h come f a region ( :i* ,cornwallis _h h>dly dream$1 & !y _h de/roy$ "o ( 8 armies & kill$ "o ( 8 be/ comm&]s4 ,! battle turn$ ! tide ( ! ,revolution 9 ! ,s\?1 b ! victors hurri$ back z quickly z !y _h come4 ,!y 7 n fitt$ = a long campaign1 &1 besides1 !y _h left _! homes dang]\sly op5 to attacks f savages4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ! "o battle ( ! ,revolution aga9/ :ite foes alone t 0 plann$1 f\ght1 & won by ! m5 ( ! fronti]4 ,z soon z ,john ,sevi] return$ to ! valley he f\nd pl5ty ( ,indian fight+ to d4 ,he 0 skill$ 9 ?is1 & ) ! ,watauga m51 :o call$ him 8,*ucky ,jack0 & 7 devot$ to him1 he 0 a t]ror to ! r$ m5 ( ! s\!rn m\nta9s4 ,he knew all _! tricks & h[ to give !m back :at he call$ 8,indian play40 ,at "o "t he took a b& ( 8 foll[]s & made a d>+ ride into ! wilde/ ( ! ,great ,smokies1 to attack "s ho/ile tribes4 ,he burn$ _! villages1 de/roy$ _! corn1 kill$ & captur$ "s ( _! w>riors1 & got away be=e !y c\ld ga!r _! great] numb]s to cru% him4 ,we mu/ n =get ,james ,rob]tson1 :o all ?is "t 0 do+ 8 "p ( ! f>m+ & ! fight+ & ! plann+ = ! new settlem5ts4 ,already ! ,watauga c\ntry began to h too _m p & 0 too ?ickly settl$ to suit 8 temp]1 & he 0 ?9k+ mu* ab\t ! wild]ness beyond1 ne> ! l[] "p ( ! ,cumb]l& riv]4 ,9 a great b5d on ! s\? bank ( t /ream he f\nd$ ,na%bor\gh 9 #aggi1 nam+ x 9 honor ( ,oliv] ,na%1 gov]nor ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,five ye>s lat] x became ,na%ville1 & n[ we d n ne$ to expla9 :]e x 04 ,rob]tson w5t out by ! ,cumb]l& ,gap1 b soon left ,boone's road & w5t t[>d ! we/1 foll[+ ! trails4 ,:5 he & 8 foll[]s rea*$ ! place & decid$ ^u x z suitable = settlem5t1 !y plant$ a field ( corn1 to h some?+ to dep5d on = food lat]4 ,! next autumn a l>ge p>ty ( settl]s w5t out to ,na%bor\gh4 ,rob]tson's family w5t ) !m4 ,!y did n g ?r\gh ! woods1 b took boats to g d[n ! ,t5nessee riv]4 ,_! c\rse l$ !m along ! ,t5nessee to ! ,ohio1 !n up ! ,ohio a few miles to ! m\? ( ! ,cumb]l&1 & up ! ,cumb]l& to _! new home4 ,!y _h a long1 dang]\s voyage1 & "s ( ! p>ty 7 kill$1 = ! savages fir$ on !m f ! banks4 ,"o ( ! boats1 c>ry+ tw5ty-eight gr[n p & *ildr51 _h a numb] ( cases ( smallpox on bo>d4 ,! ,indians attack$ ?is boat & kill$ or captur$ ! f\r sick travel]s4 ,= _! de$ ! savages 7 badly puni%$1 = !y took ! disease1 :i* soon spread widely among ! tribes4 ,= a long "t aft] ,na%ville 0 begun ! pione]s _h fi]ce enc\nt]s ) ! ,indians1 & 9 spite ( all _! c>e _m lives 7 lo/4 ,rob]tson 0 ! /rong man ( ! place1 & 0 rew>d$ ) ! confid5ce ( ! p4 ,:5 ,t5nessee became a /ate he help$ to make its con/itution4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! /ate ,s5ate 9 #agih1 & liv$ long en\gh to keep "s ( ! ,indians f help+ ! ,briti% 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab4 ,he di$ 9 #ahad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,,james ,,rob]tson ,he 0 brave1 & will+ to endure h>d%ip1 discom=t1 & suff]+ 9 a good cause4 ,he w5t alone ov] ! sn[s to ,k5tucky to get p[d]1 & return$ 9 "t to save ! little t[n f de/ruction4 ,! ,indians kill$ 8 own son1 b he w\ld n give up ! settlem5t4 ,pla9 man ?\gh he 01 he ga9$ honor f ! m5 ( 8 "t1 & wrote 8 "n on ! pages ( ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,we mu/ le>n a little m ( ,isaac ,%elby1 :om we h se5 fight+ h>d at ,po9t ,pleasant & ,k+s ,m\nta94 ,he 0 born 9 ! ,great ,valley1 at ,hag]/[n4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s old he mov$ to ,t5nessee & !n across to ,k5tucky4 ,he f\ght 9 ! ,revolution 9 o!r battles besides t ( ,k+s ,m\nta91 & be=e he w5t to ,k5tucky he _h help$ to make laws 9 ! legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4 ,,sevi] ,,monum5t1 ,,knoxville ,x is r /range to read t ,k5tucky 0 made a 8c\nty0 ( ,virg9ia4 ,?is 0 9 #aggf4 ,9 #agib1 l>gely ?r\gh ,%elby's ef=ts1 ,k5tucky 0 sep>at$ f ,virg9ia & became a /ate by itself4 ,x 0 ! fir/ /ate beyond ! m\nta9s1 be+ f\r ye>s old] ?an ,t5nessee & elev5 ye>s ahead ( ,ohio4 ,isaac ,%elby 0 ! fir/ gov]nor ( ,k5tucky1 f #agib to #agif1 & ye>s lat] he 0 gov]nor aga94 ,he f\ght 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 & 8 "n is pres]v$ 9 ,%elbyville1 a t[n ( ,k5tucky4 ,! ,blue ,grass region has be5 call$ ! 8d>k & bloody gr\nd0 f ! /rifes ( ! r$ tribes & ! tr\bl\s days ( ! fir/ settl]s1 b ,%elby liv$ to see x ! c5t] ( a prosp]\s /ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4 ,,old ,,/ateh\se ,,at ,,knoxville ,john ,sevi]1 too1 _h m honors ?an ^? ( a noble soldi]4 ,9 front ( ! c\r?\se at ,knoxville is a pla9 /one monum5t rais$ 9 8 memory 7,fig4 #fd71 & d[n a side /reet is an old dwell+1 said to be an e>ly /ateh\se ( ! commonweal? :i* is /ill associat$ ) 8 "n4 ,9 #aghe ! /ate ( 8,frankl90 0 organiz$ & nam$ 9 honor ( ! illu/ri\s ,b5jam92 b ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 be+ he>tily oppos$ to ! :ole proce$+1 put an end to x )\t delay4 ,sevi]1 z gov]nor ( ! w\ld-be /ate1 0 imprison$1 b escap$1 to ! delight ( 8 own p1 :o 7 always loyal to him4 ,!y s5t him to ,congress 9 a few ye>s & 9 #agif made him ! fir/ gov]nor ( ,t5nessee4 ,he enjoy$ _m honors until 8 dea? 9 #ahae1 :i* came soon aft] t ( 8 m quiet fri5d1 ,james ,rob]tson4 ,bo? ( ^! wild]ness m5 _h mu* to d ) plant+ ! ,am]ican flag betwe5 ! ,appala*ian m\nta9s & ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,cities ,,( ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,m\nta9s ,9 ! old days x took ! travel] weeks to g f ,p5nsylvania or ! ,potomac riv] to ! valley ( ea/ ,t5nessee4 ,he might camp 9 ! woods1 liv+ on ! few provisions he c\ld c>ry & on :at he c\ld %oot 9 ! =e/1 or he might %>e ! humble homes ( *ance settl]s on ! way4 ,n[ he ent]s a ve/ibul$ tra9 & is roll$ ov] a smoo? iron road along ! /reams & betwe5 ! m\nta9s4 ,/>t+ "o day1 he w f9d :5 he wakes ! next morn+ t ! sun is ris+ ov] ! ,great ,smokies1 :ile ar\nd him are ! ri* roll+ fields t bord] ! ,t5nessee riv]4 ,if ! travel] wi%es to see ! l& & le>n :at m5 h done 9 a hundr$ ye>s1 he w leave ! tra9 at ,knoxville4 ,a c>riage or an electric c> w c>ry him betwe5 blocks ( f9e build+s to a mod]n hotel1 :]e he w f9d food & b$ & places to read1 write1 re/1 or d bus9ess1 z he likes4 ,ar\nd him is a busy city /ret*+ up & d[n its _m hills4 ,be=e long he w w&] d[n to ! banks ( ! ,t5nessee riv] & see ! boats ti$ at ! :>f1 or he w cross ! great bridge to ! hills beyond & look back ov] ! city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4 ,,/reet ,,9 ,,knoxville ,on ^? hilltops are pits dug 9 ! woods1 & "s vet]an ( ! ,union or ! ,conf$]ate army w tell him t ^! are ammunition pits4 ,! old soldi] w po9t across to :]e ,=t ,s&]s /ood1 & w describe ^? days 9 #ahfc :5 ,long/reet came up & laid siege to ! t[n1 :i* 0 g>rison$ by ,burnside & 8 army4 ,our travel] ne$ d little m ?an cross ! great bridge at ,knoxville to f9d qu>ries ( m>ble2 & if he goes up & d[n = a few miles1 he w see ri* deposits ( ?is /one4 ,x is priz$ because x %[s _m colors1--cream1 yell[1 br[n1 r$1 p9k1 & blue4 ,! colors (t5 run into ea* o!r 9 curi\s & fanta/ic ways1 & ! slabs & blocks :5 poli%$ are beautiful inde$4 ,^! m>bles h be5 us$ to adorn "s ( ! f9e/ build+s 9 ,am]ica1 includ+ ! ,national ,capitol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 ,,on ,,! ,,campus ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,t5nessee ,ar\nd ,knoxville are f9e f>ms also1 j z we f9d !m ab\t ,h>risburg1 ,hag]/[n1 ,w9*e/]1 & almo/ ev]y:]e else 9 ! ,great ,valley4 ,our view 7,fig4 #eb7 is tak5 ne> ,knoxville & %[s slop+ fields always ready to be> good crops4 ,! soils h be5 made by ! wa/+ ( ! top p>ts ( ^! same b$s ( m>ble & ( o!r rocks f\nd along ) x4 ,9 ,knoxville1 on ! edge ( ! city1 is ! ,univ]sity ( ,t5nessee1 ) _m build+s ^u its campus4 ,x is an excell5t s*ool & an old "o z well1 hav+ be5 f\nd$ 9 #agid4 ,x 0 fir/ nam$ ,bl\nt ,college1 f "o ( ! prom95t public m5 ( ! valley at t "t1 & is n[ "o ( ! =emo/ s*ools ( ! ,s\?4 ,only sev5 ye>s be=e t date two old ,revolution>y soldi]s rode ?r\gh ! woods & pick$ out ^! l&s1 :i* 7 giv5 to !m z a rew>d = _! s]vice 9 ! w>4 ,"h !y built z a def5se aga9/ ! savages a wood5 =t1 ) log cab9s at ! corn]s & a /ockade ) a /\t b>r$ gate4 ,su* a =t 0 greatly ne$$ 9 ^? days :5ev] a new settlem5t 0 made4 ,aft] ! two soldi]s _h plant$ corn !y w5t back to ,nor? ,c>ol9a to br+ _! families ov] ! m\nta9s4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,knoxville1 :i* grew up ar\nd ! =t & soon spread ov] ! hills & d[n to ! riv]4 ,! settlem5t 0 nam$ 9 honor ( ,h5ry ,knox1 :o 0 an able g5]al 9 ! ,revolution & a good fri5d ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,n[ ! railroads rea* out 9 e direction4 ,!y br+ 9 ! iron ore & ! lime/ones ( ! valley4 ,!y also run up into ! ,cumb]l& ,gap1 & to ,h>riman1 ,t5nessee1 & br+ back /ores ( coal1 ?us mak+ ,knoxville a place = work+ iron4 ,to ! ea/ ! ,s\!rn ,railroad leads up ! ,fr5* ,broad 7,fig4 #fa7 ?r\gh deep gorges into ! he>t ( ! ,great ,smokies at ,a%eville1 & across ! ,blue ,ridge to ! l[l&s ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,all ?is is v diff]5t f ! samp mort>s & ! pun*eon floors ( e>ly times1 b ! pione]s _h a ke5 eye = ! soil & ! wat]s & ! trees1 & x is ^! :i* h help$ to make ! valley ri* to-day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4 ,,m>ble ,,qu>ry ,,ne> ,,knoxville ,we mu/ n =get t (f to ! we/ ,james ,rob]tson _h f\nd$ a city t is ev5 old] ?an ,knoxville4 ,9 ! great b5d ( ! ,cumb]l&1 on its s\? bank1 9 nor!rn ,t5nessee1 /&s ,na%ville1 z we h already se54 ,if we visit a l>ge city 9 "o ( ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 we are q likely to be told1 or to read 9 our guidebook1 t its hi/ory goes back hundr$s ( ye>s1 & any t[n t 0 />t$ only a hundr$ ye>s ago w\ld !re seem "y4 ,b we measure age diff]5tly 9 ,am]ica1 & a t[n l ,na%ville1 f\nd$ 9 #aghj1 we ?9k is old inde$4 ,x is n easy to rememb]1 z we ride along ! /reets & see ! %ops & mansions ( ,na%ville to-day1 t ?is 0 once a place ( log cab9s1 & t ! fir/ settl]s _h to sleep always ) "o e> op5 = ! ,indian's w> cry4 ,t ,james ,rob]tson _h to le>n to read f 8 wife did n keep ,na%ville f becom+ "o ( ! c5t]s ( education & ref9em5t 9 ! ,s\?4 ,x w\ld take sev]al l9es to record ! names ( all ! colleges & univ]sities t n[ h _! seat 9 ?is city4 ,rob]tson 0 ! sort ( man :o1 ) ! opportunities ( to-day1 might h be5 ! presid5t ( "o ( ^! s*ools1 or he might p]haps h ga9$ a =tune ) :i* to help 9 _! support4 ,f>!r we/1 on ! ,mississippi riv]1 /&s ,memphis1 a city /ill l>g] ?an ,na%ville2 inde$1 few s\!rn /ates c boa/ ( s _m cities z ,t5nessee possesses4 ,besides ^!1 !re are f]tile valleys1 f9e riv]s & m\nta9s1 productive =e/s1 b$s ( iron ore & coal1 com=table f>ms1 & ?riv+ t[ns4 ,! /ate is ri*1 too1 9 hi/orical associations4 ,e "p ( ,t5nessee saw ! d>k days ( ! ,civil ,w>1 & 9 ! fields s\? ( ,na%ville a great battle 0 f\ght4 ,:5 ,john ,sevi] w5t d[n ! ,t5nessee riv] on 8 ,indian raids he notic$ t ! /ream1 mak+ a great b5d1 turns away f ! valley & fl[s by a deep gorge ?r\gh ! highl&s ( ! ,cumb]l& plateau4 ,we c take ! tra9 n[ at ,knoxville1 & a ride ( a little m ?an a hundr$ miles w br+ u to ?is place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4 ,,/ate ,,h\se1 ,,na%ville ,by ! riv] is a /eep1 high gr\nd kn[n z ,cam]on hill4 ,let u g up to ! top & look ar\nd4 ,/ret*+ away at our feet on ! ea/ is ,*attanooga4 ,"p ( ! city z we see x f ,cam]on hill is %[n 9 ! picture 7,fig4 #gj74 ,beyond is ! ,t5nessee1 & we are look+ up ! riv] to ! nor!a/4 ,! bridge :i* we see is ! only bridge across ! riv] at ,*attanooga1 ev5 ?\gh x is n[ a l>ge & busy city4 ,9 ! di/ance is high gr\nd1 a "p ( ,mission>y ,ridge1 fam\s 9 ! /ory ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,if we turn ar\nd & look s\?w>d1 we %all see ,look\t ,m\nta91 ris+ fifte5 hundr$ feet above ! riv]4 ,a battle 0 f\ght on ! /eep slopes ( ?is m\nta9 also2 & a few miles to ! s\!a/ is ,*ickamauga1 "o ( ! bloodie/ battle gr\nds ( ! w>4 ,on ! edge ( ! city1 kept ) c>e1 is ! ,national ,cemet]y1 :]e re/ ! bodies ( m ?an twelve ?\s& soldi]s1 nor!rn & s\!rn1 :o p]i%$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,*attanooga4 ,n[ all ! region is peaceful1 & only ! tablets ( iron & bronze1 set up by ! gov]nm5t on e battlefield 9 ! neighborhood1 tell ! /ory ( ! conflict z x rag$ ab\t ! city4 ,l ,knoxville1 ,*attanooga has mu* coal & iron1 is ! c5t] ( a numb] ( railways1 & does mu* bus9ess4 ,! railways run up ! valley to ,virg9ia1 & s\? to ,atlanta & else:]e 9 ,georgia4 ,!y /ret* ev5 fur!r s\?w>d to ,mobile & ,new ,orleans1 :ile ! l9es to ! we/ rea* ,memphis & ,na%ville4 ,*attanooga is sometimes call$ ! 8,gate ,city0 because x /&s ne> ! op5+ ( ! ,great ,valley into ! wide pla9s along ! gulf ( ,mexico4 ,! place1 orig9ally call$ ,ross's ,l&+1 0 n settl$ until #ahcf1 :5 ,knoxville & ,na%ville 7 ab\t fifty ye>s old4 ,x has a noble site & may well become a great city4 ,"h pass$ ! boats t bore ! fir/ settl]s to ,rob]tson's colony on ! ,cumb]l&4 ,!re are no ,indians n[ to %oot f ! banks1 & y w see on ! riv] only rafts ( logs float+ d[n f ! =e/s 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4 ,,*attanooga1 ,,look+ ,,nor!a/ ,,f ,,cam]on ,,hill4 ,,mission>y ,,ridge ,,9 ,,! ,,di/ance ,atlanta also is (t5 call$ ! 8,gate ,city0 ( ! ,s\?4 ,x /&s m ?an a ?\s& feet above ! sea1 9 nor!rn ,georgia1 :]e ! ,appala*ian m\nta9 range is tap]+ d[n t[>d ! s\!rn pla9s4 ,because ,atlanta is s high x is cool] 9 summ] ?an mo/ s\!rn cities1 & is always free f ! sc\rge ( yell[ fev] & *ol]a4 ,x is a natural site = a city1 = "h at ! end ( ! great m\nta9 sy/em ! long l9es ( railway t foll[ ! ,atlantic coa/ sw+ ar\nd to ! we/1 pass+ on to ! ,mississippi & d[n to ,mobile & ! ports on ! gulf ( ,mexico4 ,o!r railways rea* ,atlanta f ,*attanooga & ,knoxville 9 ! ,great ,valley1 & /ill o!rs lead ! way to ,savannah & ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,?us twelve l9es ( railway rea* out f ,atlanta l ! spokes ( a :eel & connect ! city ) all p>ts ( ! ,s\?4 ,let u take a map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & draw a l9e ?r\gh ,ri*mond1 ,l\isville1 ,na%ville1 & ,new ,orleans4 ,notice h[ _m /ates lie s\!a/ ( ?is l9e1 & rememb] t ( all ! t[ns :i* !y conta9 ,atlanta is ! l>ge/ & mo/ important4 ,inde$1 9 trade & influ5ce x surpasses _m nor!rn cities :i* are mu* l>g]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4 ,,atlanta3 ,,broad ,,/reet1 ,,look+ ,,nor? ,atlanta saw /irr+ times 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,x 0 small !n1 hav+ b ab\t t5 ?\s& p4 ,9 #ahfd mo/ ( x 0 burn$ to ! gr\nd1 & we may truly say t x has gr[n to its pres5t size 9 ! %ort p]iod s9ce t "t4 ,to-day its population numb]s m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s&4 ,dur+ ! rec5t ,spani% ,w> ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,gulf made its headqu>t]s "h1 s t ,atlanta appe>s to be s\ght bo? 9 w> & 9 peace4 ,! city 0 us$ z ! capital ( ,georgia soon aft] ! ,civil ,w>1 & 9 #ahgg ! p ( ! /ate vot$ t x %\ld always be ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,s9ce t "t !y h erect$ a capitol co/+ a million doll>s1 adorn+ ! int]ior ) m>bles f _! own qu>ries4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4 ,,fulton ,,bag ,,& ,,cotton ,,mills1 ,,atlanta ,a few ye>s ago an exposition 0 held at ,atlanta to %[ ! _w ! a*ievem5ts & hopes ( ! great ,s\?4 ,ev]ybody knew t ! ,s\? rais$ cotton1 b ,atlanta wi%$ to prove t ! ,s\? c\ld also sp9 & weave h] fam\s product4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,atk9son 0 ! gov]nor ( ,georgia at t "t4 ,dur+ ! exposition a day 0 *os5 9 :i* some?+ unusual %\ld be done4 ,m5 w5t out into a field 9 ! morn+ & pick$ "s cotton4 ,x 0 g9n$ & spun & wov5 9 d\ble-quick "t4 ,!n tailors took "s ( ! clo?1 cut x1 fitt$ x1 & sew$ x into a suit ( clo!s4 ,gov]nor ,atk9son put on ! suit & visit$ ! gr\nds ( ! exposition4 ,9 ! morn+ ! cotton 0 9 ! field1 9 ! ev5+ x 0 on ! gov]nor4 ,suits are n made s quickly z t on ord9>y days1 b ! ,s\? sp9s & weaves millions ( doll>s' wor? ( cotton1 turn+ ! mill :eels ) s\!rn coal or ) ! wat]s ( swift s\!rn /reams4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4 ,,georgia ,,in/itute ,,( ,,te*nology1 ,,atlanta ,atlanta is n only at ! s\!rn end ( ! m\nta9s1 b x is on ! divide :i* sep>ates ! /reams ( ! gulf f ^? ( ! ,atlantic4 ,on ! "o h&1 n f> away1 is ! ,ocmulgee1 fl[+ to ! ocean1 :ile we/w>d1 & di/ant b a few miles1 ! ,*attahoo*ee fl[s t[>d ! gulf4 ,! latt] riv] has be5 h>ness$ by man1 & elev5 ?\s& horse p[] measures ! am\nt ( en]gy t c be c>ri$ ov] ! wires to ,atlanta to move its c>s & turn ! :eels ( its factories4 ,! mills n only sp9 ! cotton ( ! gulf pla9s b also turn out f]tiliz]s1 "w up ! timb] ( ! region1 & make a multitude ( o!r ?+s to swell ! city's trade ) h] neighbors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4 ,,iron ,,furnace1 ,,birm+ham ,appropriate to h] ne$s1 ,atlanta has _h s9ce #ahhg a s*ool ( te*nology1 9 :i* %e tea*es h] sons h[ to develop ! great res\rces ( ! ,s\?4 ,"h are %ops & dep>tm5ts ( eng9e]+1 &1 n lea/1 in/ruction 9 mak+ textiles1 s t ! cotton ( s\!rn fields ne$ no long] g to ,massa*usetts or to ,engl& to be spun & wov54 ,! y\nge/ great t[n ( ! s\!rn m\nta9 region 0 />t$ on an old cotton plantation 9 #ahga1 ?irty-f\r ye>s be=e ! writ+ ( ^! l9es4 ,! p knew t 9 ,alabama z well z 9 ,t5nessee coal & iron are f\nd close toge!r4 ,s m5 built an iron t[n & call$ x1 aft] "o ( ! greate/ furnace t[ns 9 ! _w1 ,birm+ham4 ,x is a noisy1 busy place1 ) wide /reets1 swift electric c>s1 & blaz+ furnaces4 ,to see x gr[ is l wat*+ a new ,pittsburg rise up 9 ! he>t ( ! ,s\?4 ,f ! ,b]k%ire c\ntry at ! nor? to ! s\!rn end ( ! ,appala*ians1 !re are to-day ?riv+ t[ns & f]tile fields4 ,no long] does ! m\nta9 wall cut (f ! products ( ! ,we/ f ! m>kets ( ! ,ea/4 ,yet h>dly a hundr$ ye>s ago ! ea/]n /rip ( c\ntry 0 practically %ut (f f ! :ole t]ritory dra9$ by ! ,ohio & ,mississippi riv]s4 ,indian trails & r\gh roads 7 ! only means ( communication betwe5 ! two sections4 ,great z are ! natural res\rces ( bo? regions1 _! prosp]ity has be5 b\nd up 9 ! developm5t ( roads & railways1 & is due 9 l>ge measure to ! en]gy1 =esight1 & self-sacrifice ( ^? :o cross$ ! b>ri] & made x easy = o!rs to foll[ !m4 ,,index ,adams1 ,*>les ,francis1 cit$1 #g ,adams1 ,john ,qu9cy1 #ajj ,adirondacks1 #cb ,albany1 ,n4,y41 #f1 #aj1 #ae1 #af ,alex&]1 ,mt41 #acj ,alex&ria1 ,va41 #da1 #hf ,allegh5y ,front1 #gd1 #gh1 #hj1 #hb ,allegh5y ,portage ,railway1 #ge1 #gf1 #hj ,allegh5y riv]1 #aaa ,all5t[n1 ,pa41 #gi ,altoona1 ,pa41 #gg2 description (1 #ha ,am/]dam1 ,n4,y41 #bj ,ann1 ,=t1 #cb ,annapolis1 ,md41 #hh ,antietam1 #acb ,appala*ians1 s\!rn1 #agd 8,arks0 on ! ,susquehanna1 #da ,arnold1 ,b5$ict1 #cg ,atk9son1 ,gov4 ,w4 ,g41 #agh ,atlanta1 ,ga41 #agd-ahj ,auburn1 ,n4,y41 #eg ,bald ,eagle valley1 #hj ,baltimore1 ,md41 #ec1 #hf1 #aja2 gr[? (1 #ajg ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad1 #ii1 #aja1 #ajb1 #aaj ,b>ges on ! ,ohio1 #aaf1 #aah ,b>ton1 ,cl>a1 cit$1 #hb ,bay ,road1 ,mass41 #d ,b$=d1 ,pa41 #ga1 #gg ,bemis ,heights1 #ch ,b5n+ton1 ,vt41 #ch ,b]k%ires1 #e2 railway ?r\gh1 #i1 #aj ,be?lehem1 ,pa41 #gi ,b+hamton1 ,n4,y41 #eb ,birm+ham1 ,ala41 #aha ,black ,rock 7,buffalo71 #dg 8,blackbe>d10 #acj ,blockh\se at ,pittsburg1 #aab ,bl\nt ,college1 #agj ,blue ,grass c\ntry1 #abg1 #aea1 #aff ,blue m\nta91 #gi ,blue ,ridge m\nta9s1 #hh1 #acj ,boone1 ,daniel1 e>ly life1 #add2 tra9+1 #ade2 portrait1 #ade2 moves to ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #adf2 s]ves ) ,braddock1 #adf2 camps 9 ,k5tucky1 #adg2 visits ,cumb]l& ,gap1 #adh2 f\nds ,boonesbor\gh1 #adh2 buys l&s ( ! ,indians1 #adi2 m>ks out ! ,wild]ness road1 #adi ,boonesbor\gh1 #adh ,bo/on1 ,mass41 #a1 #b1 #g1 #ab ,braddock1 ,g5]al1 #fi1 #ij1 #ia1 #adf ,braddock1 ,pa41 #hc ,brant1 ,joseph1 #cc ,bri/ol1 ,t5n41 #acd ,briti%1 9 ,new ,york1 #cb2 9 ! ,ohio c\ntry1 #aef ,br[nsville1 ,pa41 #ic1 #aag ,buffalo1 #eb1 #eg1 #fj1 #aaj2 gr[? (1 #fa ,burgoyne1 ,g5]al1 #cb1 #cg ,burnside1 ,g5]al1 #afh ,bus9ess1 increase (1 #aad1 #aah ,cambria ,/eel ,company1 #hc ,cam]on hill1 #agc ,campbell1 ,william & ,ar?ur1 #afj ,canajoh>ie1 ,n4,y41 #bd ,canals1 #dd2 ,erie1 #g1 #df1 #dh1 #ej-eb2 ,p5nsylvania1 #gd2 ,*esapeake & ,ohio1 #ih-aja1 #ajg2 ,delaw>e & ,hudson1 #ec2 at ,l\isville1 ,ky41 #abg ,c>lisle1 ,pa41 #ga1 #gi1 #acb ,c>roll1 ,*>les1 #aja ,c>ry to ,s*5ectady1 !1 #ai1 #bb ,cat*-me-if-y-c1 #b ,catskill m\nta9s1 #ae1 #cb ,*amb]sburg1 ,pa41 #ga1 #acb ,*ampla91 lake1 #ca1 #cg ,*>lottesville1 ,va41 #adb ,*attahoo*ee riv]1 #agi ,*attanooga1 ,t5n41 #ace2 description (1 #agc-age ,*]okee ,indians1 #aci1 #adi ,*esapeake bay1 #hf ,*esapeake & ,ohio canal1 #ajg2 build+ (1 #ih-aja ,*icago1 #aaj ,*ickamauga1 #agd ,*issel1 ,=t1 #ace ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 description (1 #abc-abg ,cl>k1 ,george ,rog]s1 raises an army1 #aef2 portrait1 #aeg2 captures ,kaskaskia & ,v9c5nes1 #aeh ,clay1 ,h5ry1 /ories (1 #if1 #aad ,clevel&1 ,b5jam91 #afj ,cl9* riv]1 #acd ,cl9ton1 ,de ,witt1 #dd1 #di2 /irs up legislature1 #dj2 portrait1 #dc2 tra91 #ec1 #ed ,coal1 #ajd1 #aah1 #abb1 #aec1 #agj1 #aha ,cohoes1 ,n4,y41 #bb ,coke ov5s1 #ajh ,columbia1 ,!1 #b ,columbia1 ,pa41 #fi1 #gd1 #gf ,columbus1 ,ohio1 #id ,conemaugh riv]1 #ge1 #hb ,cone/oga creek1 #fg ,cone/oga ,traction ,company1 #gj ,cone/oga wagons1 #gg ,connecticut riv]1 #d ,con/ruction1 e>ly railway1 #aje ,coop]1 ,pet]1 #ajf ,corn/alk1 #aee ,cornwallis1 ,"l1 #aeh ,cotton1 #agh ,cumb]l&1 ,=t1 #hi1 #ij2 city (1 #ic1 #ie1 #ajb ,cumb]l& ,gap1 #adb1 #adh1 #aej1 #aeb ,cumb]l& m\nta9s1 #acd1 #adb ,cumb]l& riv]1 #afd1 #agd ,cumb]l& road1 #ic ,cun>d1 ,samuel1 #b ,cun>d l9e1 #b1 #h ,dams1 use (1 #aai ,dan=?1 ,mr41 & salt mak+1 #bg ,de]field valley1 #h ,delaw>e & ,hudson ,canal ,company1 #ec ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n ,railroad1 #fj ,de-o-wa9-/a1 #bc ,detroit1 #da1 #aef ,dick5s1 ,*>les1 #abf ,d9widdie1 ,gov]nor1 #hi ,doak1 ,rev4 ,samuel1 #afj ,dongan1 ,gov4 ,?omas1 #dj ,dunlap's creek1 #if ,dunmore1 ,"l1 #aee ,duquesne1 ,=t1 #ia ,dut*1 9 ,new ,york1 #ad1 #ah1 #ca ,e>le1 ,mrs4 ,alice ,morse1 cit$1 #ee ,ea/on1 ,pa41 #gi ,edw>d1 ,=t1 #ca ,em]son1 ,ralph ,waldo1 cit$1 #a ,empire ,/ate ,express1 #ef ,engl&1 int]e/ (1 9 fur trade1 #ah2 railways (1 #ee ,erie canal1 #g1 #db1 #df1 #dh1 #ej-eb ,erie1 lake1 #ah1 #db1 #ih ,erie ,railroad1 #fj ,euphrates riv]1 #acj ,fairfax1 ,"l ,william1 #hh ,falls ( ! ,ohio1 #abg1 #adf1 #aeb ,f>ms 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #ff 8,fe$]s0 ( ,erie canal1 #eb ,f]guson1 ,patrick1 #aei ,f9ley1 ,john1 #adf1 #adh ,fi%+ int]e/s1 #ajd ,flag1 p]haps ! fir/ ,am]ican1 #cd ,flatboats1 #aag ,floyd1 ,g54 ,william1 #bb ,=bes's road1 #ga ,=ts3 ,orange1 #ag2 ,/anwix1 #bb1 #bc1 #cd1 #cg1 #fa1 #adi2 ,s*uyl]1 #bc2 ,johnson1 #bf2 ,edw>d1 #ca2 ,ann1 #cb2 ,ticond]oga1 #cb1 #cg1 #ch2 ,cumb]l&1 #hi1 #ij2 ,duquesne1 #ia2 ,*issel1 #ace2 ,s&]s1 #afh ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 #d1 #fi1 #acj 8,frankl910 /ate (1 #aff ,fr$]ick1 ,md41 #ic ,fr5*1 9 ,ohio c\ntry1 #hi ,fr5* & ,indian ,w>1 #fi ,fr5* ,broad riv]1 #ace1 #aei1 #agj ,fro/burg1 ,md41 #ij1 #ic ,fur trade1 #ah1 #bd1 #dj ,furnaces ne> ,pittsburg1 #aba ,gansevoort1 ,col4 ,pet]1 #cd ,gas1 natural1 #abj 8,gate ,city10 !1 #agd ,g5esee road1 #bd1 #be ,g5esee /reet1 ,utica1 #bc ,g5eva1 #bd1 #be ,george1 ,mt41 #acj ,georget[n1 ,d4,c41 #ajj ,georgia ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 #agi ,g]mans 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #ff2 9 ,t5nessee1 #acf ,g9s5g1 #bd ,gi/1 ,*ri/oph]1 #hi ,glass mills1 #abb ,gray1 ,capta91 #b ,great ,kana:a riv]1 #aee ,great ,smoky m\nta9s1 #acd1 #agj ,great ,valley1 !1 #ga1 #acj1 #acb1 #acd1 #acf1 #aci ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 #aej ,gypsum1 #ajd ,hag]/[n1 ,md41 #be1 #acb1 #afe ,half ,moon1 !1 #ae ,halifax1 #b ,hambright's ,hotel1 #gj ,hamburg-,am]ican l9e1 #ajh ,hamilton1 ,col4 ,h5ry1 #aef ,hancock1 ,gov4 ,john1 #b ,hanks1 ,abraham1 #adi ,h>lem1 #ad ,h>p]s ,f]ry1 #ajg1 #acj1 #acb ,h>riman1 ,t5n41 #agj ,h>risburg1 ,pa41 #gd1 #he1 #acb2 description (1 #gh ,h5ry1 ,patrick1 #aef ,h]kim]1 ,ni*olas1 #bi1 #cc1 #ce1 #cf ,hessians1 #cc1 #ch ,hill1 ,g54 ,a4 ,p41 #adb ,hit or ,miss1 !1 #gg ,hiwassee riv]1 #ace ,hollidaysburg1 ,pa41 #gd ,hol/on riv]1 #acd ,honesdale1 ,pa41 #ec ,hoosac m\nta91 #e1 #h ,hoosac tunnel1 #i-aa ,hoosick riv]1 #e ,h\satonic riv]1 #e ,h[e1 ,g5]al1 #cb ,hudson1 ,h5ry1 #ae1 #af ,hudson riv]1 #ae ,hugu5ots1 #acf ,hulb]t1 cit$1 #aje ,ill9ois1 #aeh ,indiana1 #aeh ,indians1 #add1 #adi1 #afc1 #afd2 9 ,new ,york1 #ad1 #ag1 #ah1 #cc2 at ,watauga1 #ach2 at ,po9t ,pleasant1 #aee ,indies1 hope ( rea*+1 #ae ,iron works1 #aba1 #abi1 #agj1 #ahj ,iroquois ,indians1 #ah ,jackson1 8,/onewall10 #acc ,james riv]1 #acc2 gap1 #acd ,jeff]son1 ,?omas1 #aef ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 #ajh ,johnson1 ,=t1 #bf ,johnson1 ,john1 #cf ,johnson1 ,sir ,william1 #bj ,john/[n1 ,n4,y41 #bj ,john/[n1 ,pa41 #ge1 #gf1 #hb ,joppa1 #ib ,juniata riv]1 #gd ,kaskaskia1 ,ill41 #aaf1 #aeg ,k5tucky1 #abg1 #aed1 #afd2 becomes a /ate1 #afe ,k+s ,m\nta91 #aeh1 #afj ,knights1 ,s>ah1 #d ,knox1 ,g54 ,h5ry1 #agj ,knoxville1 #acd1 #aff1 #agj ,lake ,%ore ,railroad1 #aaj ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 #fe1 #gb1 #gh ,lanca/] pike1 #fe1 #fg1 #gj ,lee1 ,ar?ur1 #aac ,lee1 ,ri*>d ,h5ry1 #ih ,lee1 ,g54 ,rob]t ,e41 #acb ,legislators all[$ boat hire1 #hg ,lewis1 ,&rew1 #aee ,lick+ riv]1 #abd ,lime/ones1 #ajd1 #acb1 #aea1 #afi ,l9coln1 ,abraham1 #aag1 #adi ,little ,falls1 ,n4,y41 #bb1 #db ,little ,t5nessee riv]1 #ace ,liv]pool1 #aaj ,locks1 #de ,logan1 #aee ,london1 #aaj ,long ,h\se1 !1 #ah ,long/reet1 ,g5]al1 #afh ,look\t ,m\nta91 #agc ,losantiville1 #abd ,l\isville1 #aag1 #abg ,lulbegrud creek1 #aea ,luray1 #aca1 #acb ,lyell1 ,sir ,*>les1 cit$1 #abf ,mc,clellan1 ,g5]al1 #acb ,mail1 fir/1 receiv$ at ,utica1 #bd ,mail bags1 race ( !1 #aji ,mail coa*es1 #id ,manhattan isl&1 #ad1 #ae ,m>ble1 #ajd1 #afh1 #aga ,m>yl&1 #hf ,memphis1 #agb ,middlesboro1 #aec ,mile/one on ,braddock's road1 #ij ,mission>y ,ridge1 #agc ,mobile1 #agd ,mohawk valley1 #af-ai1 #ca1 #db1 #ei ,monongahela riv]1 #ic1 #if1 #aaa ,morris1 ,g\v]neur1 #db ,m\nt ,v]non1 #da1 #hf ,na%1 ,oliv]1 #afc ,na%bor\gh 7,na%ville71 #afc1 #aga1 #agc ,national ,road1 !1 #ia1 #ic1 #if1 #abc ,new ,am/]dam1 #ad ,new ,j]sey1 ,scot*-,iri% 91 #ff ,new ,ne!rl&s1 #ad ,new riv] 7,great ,kana:a71 #acd ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railway1 #bj1 #cj1 #eh1 #fj1 #fb ,new ,york ,city1 #b1 #g1 #ad ,new ,york /ate1 #bg2 well adapt$ = canal1 #dd ,newburg1 ,n4,y41 #fj ,noah's ,ark1 #di ,noli*ucky riv]1 #aei ,norfolk & ,we/]n ,railway1 #acc ,nor? ,adams1 ,mass41 #e ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 #ajb ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #acg1 #adf ,nor?-,g]man ,lloyd l9e1 #ajh ,ocmulgee riv]1 #agi ,ogd51 ,utah1 #aji ,ohio ,company1 #hh ,ohio c\ntry1 ,fr5* 91 #hi ,ohio riv]1 #gf1 #ih1 #aaa1 #abc1 #abg1 #aeb ,oil ,city1 #abj ,omaha1 #aji ,oneida ,indians1 #ag ,oneida ,c>ry+ ,place1 #bb ,onondaga salt1 #bg1 #aac ,ont>io1 lake1 #ah1 #bb1 #cc ,oriskany1 #bi1 #cj1 #ce ,oswego1 #cb ,oswego riv]1 #bb ,otsego lake1 #ih ,oy/] indu/ry1 #ajd 8,pack]s10 #gb ,packets1 #ej ,p>ton1 ,james1 cit$1 #abj ,p5n1 ,william1 #ff ,p5nsylvania1 settlem5t (1 #ff ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 #gg-he 8,p5nsylvania ,dut*10 #ff ,p5nsylvania canal1 #gd ,phelps1 ,abn]1 #i ,philadelphia1 #da1 #fc ,pike1 ,pittsburg1 #gb2 ,fr$]ick1 #ic ,p9eville gap1 #adc1 #adg ,pittsburg1 #fd1 #ga1 #ge1 #hc1 #ajg1 #aef2 description (1 #aaa1 #aae1 #abj1 #abb2 pike1 #gb ,pittsfield1 ,mass41 #e ,po9t ,pleasant1 #aee ,portage ,railway1 ,allegh5y1 #ge1 #gf1 #hj ,po/1 ,john1 #bc1 #bd ,potomac ,company1 #ii ,potomac riv]1 #hf1 #ajf ,p[ell1 ,ambrose1 #adb ,p[ell's riv]1 #acd1 #adb ,prairies 9 ,k5tucky1 #aeb ,pr9ceton ,college1 #ff ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i41 #d ,pun*eon floors1 #adj ,que5 ,city1 !1 #abd ,que5/[n1 #aaj ,qu9cy1 ,mass41 #ec ,railways3 ?r\gh ! ,b]k%ires1 #i1 #aj2 f ,albany to ,s*5ectady1 #i1 #ec2 e>ly1 #ec1 #ef2 opposition to1 #ee2 gr[? 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