,transcriber's ,notes3 ,italic text is enclosed in underscores4 ,superscripts are preceded by a symbol2 when the superscripts are more than one character in length1 they also are enclosed in curly brackets1 e4g41 ,s,t44 ,additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook4 ,,the ,,box ,,of ,,whistles4 ,illustration3 ,cooper ,hodson ,lith4 #acb ,red ,lion ,sq4 ,w4,c4 ,s,t4 ,,pauls ,,cathedral ,,london4 ,,old ,,organ4 ,illustration ,,the ,,box ,,of ,,whistles ,,an ,,illustrated ,,book ,,on ,,organ ,,cases3 ,,with ,notes on ,organs at ,home and ,abroad4 ,,by ,,john ,,norbury4 ,illustration ,,london3 ,,bradbury1 ,,agnew1 ,,co41 #h1 #i1 #aj1 ,,bouverie ,,street1 ,e4,c4 #ahgg4 ,all ,rights reserved4 ,,london3 ,,bradbury1 ,,agnew1 ,,co41 ,,printers1 ,,whitefriars ,,preface4 ,in publishing this work1 it is not my wish or intention to attempt to teach the ,player how to use1 the ,maker how to build1 or the ,architect how to encase1 the second instrument mentioned in the ,bible1 but to put before the descendants of ,jubal that which may incite them to continue to improve the noble instrument1 which the combined efforts of taste1 science1 and skill1 have brought to its present degree of excellence4 ,,john ,,norbury4 #cb1 ,,gordon ,,square1 ,,london1 ,april1 #ahgg4 ,,contents4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,page ,,the ,,box ,,of ,,whistles #a ,introductory4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,organ ,,case #b ,division into ,four ,classes4--,subdivisions of ditto4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,what ,a ,,good ,,case ,,should ,,be #d ,style not necessarily ,gothic4--,renaissance ,style4--,tin ,pipes now seldom used4--,an ,organ ,case need not correspond with the ,style of ,architecture of the ,building4--,english ,cases during the last ,hundred ,years4--,an ,organ ,case should be good4--,unequal ,number of ,towers4--,ponts4--,oak and other ,woods4--,culs-de-,lampe4--,ornaments4-- ,arrangement of ,pipes4--,arrangement of ,towers4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,the ,,arrangement ,,of ,,the ,,pipes #g ,number of ,pipes4--,not all of the ,same ,height4--,two ,tiers of ,pipes4--,oval and ,circular ,openings4--,pipes arranged in ,perspective4--,carved ,panels4--,inverted ,pipes4--,double ,pipes4--,projecting ,mouths4--,fancy ,mouldings on ,pipes4-- ,pipes1 gilt--diapered--painted--tin--bronzed4-- ,tubes of ,reed ,stops projecting horizontally4--,tuba at ,york4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,the ,,choir ,,organ ,,as ,a ,,separate ,,case #h ,as a ,screen to the ,player4--,choir ,front in the ,lower ,part of ,case4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,the ,,minor ,,details ,,of ,,an ,,organ #i ,room in the ,loft4--,loft should not be used as a ,singing ,gallery4--,reversed ,key-boards4--,black ,keys for ,naturals1 c4--,rows of ,stops1 perpendicular1 horizontal4--,varied ,forms of ,pedals4--,music ,desk4--,lights4--,looking ,glass4--,clock4--,carving between the ,pipes4--,fox-tail ,stop4--,electric and ,pneumatic ,actions4 ,,notes ,,on ,,organs ,,at ,,home ,,and ,,abroad4 ,,notes ,,on ,,english ,,organs #aj ,,notes ,,on ,,french ,,organs #ab ,,notes ,,on ,,belgian ,,organs #ah ,,notes ,,on ,,dutch ,,organs #bb ,,notes ,,on ,,german ,,organs #be ,,notes ,,on ,,swiss ,,organs #bh ,,notes ,,on ,,italian ,,organs #cj ,,illustrations4 ,,pages ,,st4 ,,paul',s1 ,,london4 ,a fine ,case by ,grinling ,gibbons1 the design is exceptional for one of ,father ,smith's instruments ,frontispiece4 ,,st4 ,,lawrence1 ,,jewry1 ,,london4 ,one of ,harris's ,organs1 of nearly perfect design1 according to the old ,french rules4 ,since ,i sketched this ,organ1 it has been rebuilt1 and the ,case much enlarged in the same style #aj-aa ,,st4 ,,magnus ,,the ,,martyr1 ,,london ,,bridge4 ,a good ,case of peculiar design4 ,this instrument is remarkable as one of the earliest that had a ,swell ,organ introduced #aj-aa ,,st4 ,,sepulchre',s1 ,,london4 ,a fine ,case in ,harris's style #aj-aa ,,st4 ,,wolfram1 ,,abbeville4 ,a good specimen of a ,french ,renaissance ,organ ,case #ab-ag ,,st4 ,,etienne1 ,,beauvais4 ,a nice ,french-designed ,organ ,case #ab-ag ,,the ,,cathedral1 ,,rheims4 ,a grand ,organ ,case in the ,french style #ab-ag ,,the ,,cathedral1 ,,rouen4 ,a very large fine ,organ ,case4 ,the four similar flats in the ,great ,organ are a blemish #ab-ag ,,st4 ,,maclou1 ,,rouen4 ,a very pretty ,french ,organ #ab-ag ,,st4 ,,ouen1 ,,rouen4 ,an elaborate ,organ in the ,french style #ab-ag ,,the ,,cathedral1 ,,troyes4 ,an excellent example of a ,french ,organ in a western gallery #ab-ag ,,the ,,cathedral1 ,,antwerp4 ,a fine elaborate ,case #ah-ba ,,st4 ,,paul',s1 ,,antwerp4 ,a fine ,case1 the carved work of which is perhaps the best in ,belgium #ah-ba ,,st4 ,,bavon1 ,,ghent4 ,a well designed and well carved ,case #ah-ba ,,oude ,,kerk1 ,,amsterdam4 ,a fine ,case1 of a thoroughly ,dutch pattern #bb-bd ,,st4 ,,john',s1 ,,gouda4 ,a quaint ,dutch ,case #bb-bd ,,st4 ,,bavon1 ,,haarlem4 ,a very fine ,case1 the effect of which is damaged by being painted #bb-bd ,,st4 ,,jans ,,kerk1 ,,hertogenbosch4 ,said to be one of the finest ,cases in ,europe #bb-bd ,,st4 ,,lawrence1 ,,rotterdam4 ,a very fine ,dutch ,case1 in a sober style #bb-bd ,,the ,,cathedral1 ,,freiburg-,,im-,,bresgau4 ,a good example of a hanging ,organ #be-bg ,,index ,,to ,,notes ,,on ,,organs4 ,abbeville-- ,st4 ,sepulchre's1 #ab2 ,st4 ,wolfram1 #ab4 ,amiens-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ab2 ,st4 ----1 #ab4 ,amsterdam-- ,nieuwe ,kerk1 #bb2 ,oude ,kerk1 #bb4 ,antwerp-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ah2 ,english ,church1 #ah2 ,st4 ,george1 #ai2 ,st4 ,jacques1 #ai2 ,st4 ,paul 7,dominicans71 #ai4 ,bayeux-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ab4 ,beauvais-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ac2 ,st4 ,etienne1 #ac4 ,bellaggio-- ,private ,chapel of ,villa ,melzi1 #cj4 ,berne-- ,the ,cathedral1 #bh4 ,bois-le-,duc--,see ,hertogenbosch4 ,boulogne-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ac4 ,bruges-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ai2 ,st4 ,anne1 #bj2 ,st4 ,jacques1 #bj2 ,st4 ,jean 7,hospital71 #bj2 ,notre ,dame1 #bj2 ,convent des ,surs de ,charit1 #bj4 ,brussels-- ,ste4 ,gudule1 #bj2 ,notre ,dame des ,victoires1 #bj4 ,caen-- ,st4 ,etienne1 #ac2 ,st4 ,jean1 #ac2 ,st4 ,pierre1 #ac2 ,st4 ,trinit1 #ac4 ,chester-- ,the ,cathedral1 #aa4 ,chiavenna-- ,san ,lorenzo1 #cj4 ,coblentz-- ,st4 ,castor1 #be4 ,coire-- ,the ,dom 7,st4 ,lucius71 #bh4 ,cologne-- ,the ,cathedral1 #be2 ,minorites1 #be4 ,como-- ,the ,cathedral1 #cj4 ,coutances-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ad2 ,st4 ,nicolas1 #ad2 ,st4 ,pierre1 #ad4 ,delft-- ,nieuwe ,kerk1 #bb2 ,oude ,kerk1 #bb4 ,dieppe-- ,st4 ,jacques1 #ad2 ,st4 ,rmi1 #ad4 ,dijon-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ad4 ,durham-- ,the ,cathedral1 #aa4 ,frankfort-- ,the ,cathedral1 #bf4 ,freiburg1 ,switzerland-- ,st4 ,nicolas1 #bh4 ,freiburg-im-,bresgau-- ,the ,cathedral1 #bf2 ,st4 ----1 #bf4 ,geneva-- ,the ,cathedral1 #bh2 ,english ,church1 #bi4 ,ghent 7,gand7-- ,the ,cathedral 7,st4 ,bavon71 #bj2 ,bguinage1 #ba2 ,english ,church1 #ba2 ,st4 ,jacques1 #ba2 ,st4 ,michael1 #ba2 ,st4 ,nicolas1 #ba4 ,gouda-- ,janskerk 7,st4 ,john's71 #bb4 ,haarlem-- ,grootekerk 7,st4 ,bavon71 #bc4 ,hertogenbosch 7,bois-le-,duc7-- ,st4 ,janskirk1 #bc4 ,innsbruck-- ,hof-kirche1 #bg2 ,jesuits' ,church1 #bg4 ,isola ,bella-- ,parish ,church1 #cj4 ,laon-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ad4 ,lige-- ,st4 ,jacques1 #ba4 ,lisieux-- ,st4 ,pierre 7formerly the ,cathedral71 #ad2 ,st4 ,jacques1 #ad4 ,london-- ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1 #aj2 ,all ,hallows1 ,lombard ,street1 #aj2 ,christchurch1 ,newgate ,street1 #aj2 ,st4 ,clement's1 ,eastcheap1 #aj2 ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,jewry1 #aj2 ,st4 ,magnus the ,martyr1 ,london ,bridge1 #aa2 ,st4 ,olave's1 ,southwark1 #aa2 ,st4 ,sepulchre's1 #aa4 ,louvain-- ,st4 ,pierre1 #ba4 ,lucerne-- ,hof-kirche 7,st4 ,leger71 #bi2 ,english ,church1 #cj4 ,lyons-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ad4 ,madonna di ,tirano-- ,il ,santuario1 #ca4 ,magdeburg-- ,the ,cathedral1 #bg4 ,malines-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ba2 ,st4 ,jean1 #bb2 ,notre ,dame1 #bb4 ,mayence-- ,the ,cathedral1 #bg4 ,mechlin 7,malines74 ,milan-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ca2 ,san ,ambrogio1 #ca2 ,san ,giovanni in ,lateran1 #ca2 ,san ,lorenzo1 #ca2 ,santa ,maria delle ,grazie1 #ca2 ,santa ,maria ,pudone1 #cb2 ,san ----1 in the ,via di ,giadini1 #cb4 ,munich-- ,jesuits' ,church1 #bg4 ,paris-- ,notre ,dame1 #ae2 ,st4 ,eustache1 #ae4 ,prague-- ,the ,cathedral1 #bg2 ,monastery of ,strahow1 #bg4 ,rheims-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ae2 ,st4 ,andr1 #ae2 ,st4 ,rmi1 #ae4 ,rotterdam-- ,groote ,kerk 7,st4 ,lawrence71 #bd4 ,rouen-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ae2 ,canteleu1 #af2 ,st4 ,georges de ,boscherville1 #af2 ,st4 ,maclou1 #af2 ,notre ,dame de ,bon ,secours1 #af2 ,st4 ,ouen1 #af2 ,st4 ,sever1 #af2 ,st4 ,vincent1 #ag2 ,st4 ,vivien1 #ag4 ,st4 ,bernard-- ,hospice1 #bi4 ,st4 ,lo-- ,the ,cathedral 7formerly71 #ag2 ,st4 ,croix1 #ag4 ,st4 ,ricquier-- ,the ,abbey ,church1 #ag4 ,schwarz-- ,pfarrkirche1 #bg4 ,strasburg-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ag4 ,troyes-- ,the ,cathedral1 #ag2 ,st4 ,jean1 #ah2 ,st4 ,nizier1 #ah2 ,st4 ,rmi1 #ah4 ,utrecht-- ,the ,cathedral1 #bd2 ,st4 ,nicolas1 #be4 ,york-- ,minster1 #aa4 ,,the ,,box ,,of ,,whistles4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,introductory4 ,the ,box of ,whistles6 what a quaint title6 ,yes1 but a good one1 ,i think1 for this book1 as the old organ of ,father ,smith's in ,st4 ,paul's1 8,the ,box of ,whistles10 as ,sir ,christopher ,wren contemptuously called it1 was the first organ ,i ever saw1 and which gave me my bent in the liking of things pertaining to the organ4 ,well do ,i recollect standing1 a very small boy1 under the ,dome of ,st4 ,paul's1 on a dark winter's afternoon1 looking at ,grinling ,gibbons' noble case1 hearing some grand out-going voluntary1 and trying to see the angels put their trumpets to their mouths1 when the reeds were drawn1 which ,i could never catch them doing4 ,now the organ is perhaps the only instrument which gives equal gratification to three separate classes of individuals1 who are often very different in other respects1 the ,musician1 the ,mechanician1 and the ,architect4 ,the ,musician likes it for its tone and power1 giving sounds which no other instrument can give1 and imitating the tones of almost every other instrument4 ,the ,mechanician likes it as a complicated machine2 and the different modes of its action1 and the varied ways of supplying it with wind1 are sources of pleasure and amusement to him4 ,the ,architect admires its noble look1 as it stands towering high in ,cathedral1 ,church1 or ,concert ,room1 its case covered with carved work1 and its pipes bright with gilding1 be its style ,gothic or ,renaissance4 ,remember that an organ is built1 other musical instruments are made4 ,the ,musician very likely cares not for its look1 so long as the tone pleases him1 and possibly knows little1 and cares less1 how the sound is produced4 ,the ,mechanician is pleased to know how and why certain tones and effects are obtained1 caring perhaps very little for real music1 and as for the case1 he never gives it a thought4 ,the ,architect may have but small knowledge of music2 as for the mechanical part of the instrument1 it is not in the least in his line2 but he does feel the impress of its grandeur1 and admires the complex design of a large and well-built organ case4 ,i am no player1 but ,i much like the sound of an organ1 and to hear good music played on it4 ,of mechanics ,i have some knowledge1 but it is in general difficult to get a sight of the internal works of an organ4 ,they are well described in ,hopkins's work1 8,the ,organ10 #ahgj1 and the 8,encyclopdie ,roret10 #ahdi1 which1 in its valuable reprint of ,dom ,bedos1 8,l',art du ,facteur des ,orgues10 gives excellent details and good engravings4 ,to me it seems a pity that this work has not been translated into ,english1 and brought down to the present time1 as technical terms in a foreign language are difficult even to good linguists4 ,to the organ builder1 it is a more useful work than that of ,mr4 ,hopkins1 as the ,french book is for the practical man1 while the ,english work is for the general reader4 ,i am not an architect1 but in my leisure hours architecture and drawing have been my amusements4 ,for some years ,i have sketched and taken notes of the different organs which ,i have had the good fortune to see either at home or abroad1 and ,i now venture to publish 7a small quota to general knowledge7 my notes and drawings of organs1 the collecting of which has been my recreation for many an hour4 ,i think that the ground on which ,i now venture has not as yet been occupied by any one4 ,mr4 ,hopkins gives but general information about organ cases1 and no engravings4 ,the 8,encyclopdie ,roret0 gives more particulars1 and also furnishes a few engravings1 and the ,english edition of 8,seidel's ,treatise on the ,organ0 is very cursory on this subject4 ,further information can be gleaned from the ,rev4 ,f4 ,h4 ,sutton's 8,short ,account of ,organs ,built in ,england10 c41 #ahdg1 which gives small woodcuts of the typical cases of the old ,english builders1 and at the end of the work1 five designs of the late ,mr4 ,pugin are given1 which are worth studying2 and from 8,some ,account of the ,medival ,organ ,case10 c41 #ahff1 and 8,church ,organs10 #ahgb1 by the ,rev4 ,f4 ,h4 ,sutton1 both of which are very good for reference4 ,mr4 ,faulkner's 8,designs for ,organs10 #ahch1 is now rather out of date1 but ,c4 ,k4 ,k4 ,bishop's 8,notes on ,church ,organs0 gives nice suggestive plates4 ,if the very fine and exhaustive work on 8,foreign ,gothic ,organs10 mentioned by the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,sutton in his 8,medival ,organ ,case10 #ahff1 should ever see light1 it would be first-class1 as it would contain drawings and details of the best ,gothic organs1 which are rare1 and of which it is difficult to obtain drawings or descriptions4 ,there are many small works which give drawings1 c41 to which ,i do not more particularly refer1 out of which useful information may be gleaned4 ,what ,i wish to put before my readers in this book1 is a short description of the different classes of organ cases1 with my remarks and notes of various instruments1 illustrated by lithographs and chromo-lithographs1 from my own sketches4 ,having now explained my intention1 ,i have to beg those who read this1 my first work1 not to be very severe on my errors and shortcomings4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,organ ,,case4 7,,buffet1 ,french2 ,,orgel ,,gehause1 ,german2 ,,kist ,o' ,,whistles1 ,scottic74 ,division into ,four ,classes4--,subdivisions of ditto4 ,organ cases may broadly be divided into four classes4 ,firstly1 those which stand at the end of the nave or transept of a ,church1 or the end of a ,concert ,room4 ,secondly1 organs which are pendent from the side of the nave or choir of a large ,church4 ,thirdly1 organs which stand on ,choir ,screens2 and ,fourthly1 organs standing on the ground4 ,of these classes many sub-divisions may be made4 ,of the organs in these four classes1 those in ,no4 #a are in general the most imposing1 those in ,no4 #b the most picturesque1 those in ,no4 #c the best for sound1 and those in ,no4 #d require some skill to make them rival their compeers4 ,class #a may be sub-divided into-- ,a4 ,those which fill the entire end1 or nearly so1 of the building in which they stand2 ,b4 ,those which have a window1 or 8,rose0 over them2 and1 ,c4 ,divided ,organs1 and those with exceptionally designed cases4 ,a4 ,this sub-class 7a very ordinary one in ,england and ,holland7 has the finest cases in the world1 for ,i suppose that the grandest and most elaborate case in ,europe is that in ,st4 ,jan's ,church1 ,hertogenbosch 7,bois-le-,duc71 rich in sculptured oak1 and bright with burnished tin pipes and gilding4 ,externally1 although it has not got so many stops1 it is as large as its well-known neighbour at ,haarlem1 which has till lately been considered the type of a 8,great ,organ40 ,haarlem has a noble case1 with excellent pipe-work within1 but its effect is injured by paint4 ,the organ in the ,hof ,kirche1 ,lucerne1 also has quaint oak carving in its thirty-two feet front1 and for pretty cases1 that at ,st4 ,jacques1 ,lige1 by some considered the best of its kind1 and the ,organs in ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,jewry1 and ,st4 ,stephen's1 ,walbrook1 the last looking somewhat like a miniature of that at ,troyes1 may be cited as good examples4 ,b4 ,a sub-class to which very many of the large ,french organs may be referred4 ,in general1 these are more picturesque than those in ,sub-class ,a1 not that the absolute design is so1 but that the architectural effect of the window above the case makes a most effective combination4 ,in ,france1 the usual window is a ,rose1 a form ,i think the best for the termination of a nave or transept1 and when this is filled with stained glass1 as is often the case1 the effect is all that can be desired4 ,the organs in ,amiens1 ,rheims1 ,troyes1 and ,rouen ,cathedrals1 and also in ,rouen in the ,churches of ,st4 ,ouen and ,st4 ,maclou1 are first-class examples4 ,this sub-class is rare in ,england1 few of our churches being sufficiently lofty to allow an organ to stand in such a position4 ,sub-class ,c4 is employed to show the west window4 ,fair examples are to be seen at ,st4 ,gudule1 ,bruxelles1 and in ,gray's ,inn ,chapel4 ,among the exceptional cases1 that in the ,cathedral ,church of ,st4 ,vitus at ,prague1 is one of the most curious1 being cut up into four divisions1 and scattered about the west galleries2 and for an ugly style of exceptional case1 there is one in a church in ,ghent1 about as ugly as can well be wished4 ,class ,,ii4 ,this class1 as ,i have mentioned before1 is highly picturesque1 but is not very common4 ,good examples are to be seen in ,strasburg and ,chartres ,cathedrals1 and in the ,minster at ,freiburg1 in ,bresgau1 all pendent in the nave2 and there is a grand modern example hanging in the north side of the ,choir at ,ely4 ,organs which may be placed in this class are not uncommonly built against the east wall of the ,transept in large ,belgian churches3 one in the cathedral church of ,st4 ,bavon1 ,ghent1 is a good example4 ,there must be some difficulty in building a large instrument in this position1 and a lofty church is required to contain it4 ,class ,,iii4 may likewise be subdivided into two divisions3 ,a4 ,single ,cases1 often with a ,choir ,organ in front2 and ,b4 ,divided ,cases4 ,of the former sub-class1 the old organ in ,st4 ,paul's was in every way a fine example4 ,the old organ in ,durham ,cathedral was the best of ,father ,smith's usual design1 all his cases having a strong family likeness1 that at ,st ,paul's being almost the only exception4 ,the case on the ,grand ,screen in ,york ,minster1 although perhaps not in the best taste1 is effective2 and of the latter sub-class1 the organ in ,st4 ,jacques1 ,antwerp1 is excellent1 and is worth the study of any one who may have to erect a divided 8,screen ,organ40 ,the much-divided organ case in ,westminster ,abbey ,i am ,goth enough to call bad4 ,class ,,iv4 ,the divisions of this class are numerous1 and often occur in modern churches4 ,a4 those standing on the floor against the wall of the nave or chancel4 ,st ,mary's1 ,nottingham1 has a first-class modern specimen1 an amplification of the organ case in ,strasburg ,cathedral4 ,b4 ,those standing in the nave1 aisle1 or some corner4 ,a good example of an old case in the first position1 is in ,st4 ,clement's1 ,east ,cheap2 and the organ in ,all ,hallows1 ,lombard ,street1 is a good specimen of one in the second position4 ,both these instruments1 not so many years ago1 stood in galleries at the west end of their respective churches4 ,c4 ,those in ,organ ,chambers1 examples of which1 ,i am sorry to say1 are common in new and restored ,churches4 ,d4 ,those in ,organ ,chapels1 which are rather better for effect than those in ,sub-class ,c4 ,st4 ,george's1 ,doncaster1 is an example of an organ of the largest size in this position4 ,e4 ,those standing free under the arches of the ,choir of a ,cathedral or large church4 ,in the ,cathedral at ,hereford is a large modern organ in this position4 ,f4 ,organs with ,divided cases4 ,st4 ,paul's and ,durham ,cathedral have good examples of this form1 which ,i fancy is modern and peculiar to ,england4 ,in ,italy and ,spain1 there are often two ,great organs1 one on each side of the ,choir or ,nave1 which arrangement1 conjointly with a double ,choir of ,singers1 is capable of the grandest effects of antiphonal music4 ,as good examples in ,italy1 may be mentioned the organs in ,milan ,cathedral on each side of the ,choir1 and those in ,como ,cathedral on each side of the ,nave4 ,those in ,milan are externally alike1 and those in ,como differ in appearance4 ,in ,spain1 two organs are usual in ,cathedrals and large churches1 and the two organs in ,seville ,cathedral have magnificent cases4 ,,class ,i4--,a4 ,filling the entire end of the building4 ,b4 ,with a window or rose over4 ,c4 ,divided and exceptional cases4 ,,ii4--,no subdivision4 ,,iii4--,a4 ,single cases1 or with choir in front4 ,b4 ,divided cases4 ,,iv4--,a4 ,against wall of nave or choir4 ,b4 ,standing in a corner1 or in aisle of nave4 ,c4 ,in organ chambers4 ,d4 ,in organ chapels4 ,e4 ,under arches of choir4 ,f4 ,divided instruments4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,what ,a ,,good ,,case ,,should ,,be4 ,style not necessarily ,gothic4--,renaissance ,style4--,tin ,pipes now seldom used4--,an ,organ ,case need not correspond with the ,style of ,architecture of the ,building4--,english ,cases during the last hundred years4--,an ,organ ,case should be good4--,unequal ,number of ,towers4--,ponts4--,oak and other ,woods4--,culs-de-,lampe4--,ornaments4-- ,arrangement of ,pipes4--,arrangement of ,towers4 ,before ,i proceed any further with this ,chapter1 ,i may as well mention that ,i fear ,i may a little shock some persons with my views of what is a good organ case4 ,i have long ceased to think that nothing but ,gothic is correct1 and feel pleasure in looking at any style of architecture 7excepting the modern ultra-,gothic1 and even this affords me a certain amount of amusement74 ,i have1 when the ,gothic fit was upon me1 passed many a fine organ with a mere glance1 at which ,i should now look with delight4 ,when ,i see some of our modern ,norman and ,gothic cases1 ,i wonder what the men of the date which these make-believe cases pretend to be would think of them4 ,i suspect that they would look at them with amazement4 ,the illuminations in manuscripts do not give us much help1 and the drawings which they hand down to us are those of very small instruments4 ,some few cases in the later period of ,gothic are in existence at ,perpignan1 ,strasburg1 ,gonesse1 ,new ,radnor1 and in some few places in ,germany1 but with the exception of the one at ,strasburg1 ,i have not been so fortunate as to get a sight of any4 ,with the advent of the ,renaissance ,style1 organs began to increase in size1 so that larger and more architectural cases were requisite1 and we do not even now excel in design and workmanship many of the old ,flemish1 ,dutch1 and ,french organs4 ,carved oak is now an expensive luxury1 and pipes of tin1 with their silver-like lustre1 are things of the past4 ,the price of tin1 and the cheap contract system1 have a good deal to do with this state of things2 and town atmosphere seems to tarnish tin work in a very short time3 about ,manchester it cannot be used1 and at ,rouen ,i have seen bright pipe-work1 which had been up but a few years1 look as tarnished as if it had been up for fifty years at least4 ,i like an organ to have a really good case2 it is a large and necessary piece of furniture in both church and concert-room2 and ,i can see no reason why it should not be in keeping with the building in which it stands4 ,by this ,i do not intend that its architectural style should be the same1 but that there should be a certain agreement together1 and a fitness one for the other4 ,viollet le ,duc1 ,i think1 was wise in retaining the old ,renaissance case of the organ in ,notre ,dame 7,paris71 when the whole of its contents were taken away1 and an entirely new organ erected in it4 ,no man in ,france could have better designed a ,gothic case1 but he preferred leaving the old work1 which well suited its position4 ,in general all fittings of a later date than the building in which they stand1 if they are really good of their kind1 should be respected4 ,much new work1 intended to be quite in keeping with the building1 and following precedent1 is but little more than guesswork4 ,in an old ,norman church1 it would be ,i think foolish to erect a ,norman case3 we have nothing to guide us as to what an organ was like in outward appearance at that date1 but we do know that it was a rather rudely made affair1 from 8,theophilus's ,treatise on ,organ ,building20 and we are equally at sea for any precedent for an early ,gothic organ4 ,late cases are here and there to be seen1 and many of them are handsome1 but it was the builders of the ,renaissance ,period who first erected those structures of carved wood1 for the abode of the noblest of instruments4 ,for many years good cases continued to be built2 they never quite ceased erecting them in ,france and ,belgium2 but ,i have nothing to say in favour of our ,english cases for the last hundred years4 ,we do better now1 but ,i look upon caseless organs1 with their rows of painted pipes1 as something horrid4 ,a good piano always has a good case2 we do not dream of buying1 or the vendor of selling1 a first-class instrument in a paltry one2 and why a really well-built and good-toned organ is put into a plain deal varnished case1 like a common cheap schoolroom piano1 is a puzzle to me4 ,father ,smith appears to have had a pattern case1 which is excellent in outline1 and suitable to all his organs1 large or small1 except his chamber instruments1 and ,harris also rarely departed from his one design1 a very pretty one4 ,the old ,french builders appeared to have followed a few general rules1 viz41 that an organ should have an unequal number of towers1 say three1 five1 or seven2 and if1 as was usual1 the ,choir case stood in front1 it should have a smaller number of towers1 say the ,great case had five1 the ,choir had three2 that if the centre tower of the ,great was the tallest1 the centre tower of the ,choir should be the least1 and vice vers2 and very good rules these are4 ,it was also their practice to form the mouths of the pipes in the towers1 different to those in the flats1 and the pipes in the towers stood on square blocks of wood 7ponts71 whilst the pipes in the flats stood on plinths4 ,these little niceties add much to the appearance of an organ4 ,renatus ,harris used to finish his pipes in the ,french manner4 ,i prefer oak to any wood for case work4 ,polished ebonised wood with ormolu mouldings 7as at the ,foundling7 looks well1 and good cabinet work has been done in mahogany4 ,walnut and rosewood may do for chamber instruments1 but would have rather a harmonium look about them4 ,if ,i were building a drawing-room organ1 ,i should certainly use oak1 with plenty of carving and no varnish2 wax polish would perhaps be advisable to tone down the new look1 but with very fine sharp work the wood should be left as it comes fresh from the carver's hands4 ,in a cheap instrument plain deal with good varnish looks better than painted wood1 with or without stencilled patterns1 and where the large wood pipes are shown1 they are best plain4 ,the upper part of the case being wider than the base 7a very common arrangement in old ,french instruments71 is an improvement to its outline4 ,another ,french usage1 to support the large outer towers on giants1 is good1 especially for their large cases2 and 8the culs-de-lampe10 or consoles of the towers1 are improved by sculptured heads1 paniers of flowers1 or intricate open-work4 ,i do not object to what ,i have heard called a 8covey0 of plump cherubim4 ,with respect to the mouldings1 a little departure from strict rules does not hurt1 and it is best not to err on the side of shallowness3 bold projections and deep curves look well1 and circular towers should project rather more than half their diameter2 the cornices should certainly project boldly--recollect they are wood1 and rules for stone cornices need not be closely adhered to1 but they must not overhang each other 7,chevaucher is the ,french term71 as that does not look well4 ,statues on the summits of the towers ,i like to see1 although of course they are a useless expense2 and there is a wide choice as to what they should be4 ,angels with trumpets or harps are excellent4 ,king ,david with his harp1 ,st4 ,cecilia with her organ1 are very usual4 ,winged angels with lutes are not uncommon on ,flemish organs3 the patron saint of the church is correct4 ,pope ,gregory1 as the founder of the ,catholic chant2 ,st4 ,ambrose1 the writer of the 8,te ,deum20 ,guido ,d',arezzo1 the inventor of the gamut1 and several others may be mentioned as fit subjects for statuary work4 ,crowns and mitres for ,church and ,state are good terminals for an ,english organ1 and the arms of the reigning sovereign can well be introduced in the carving3 for a good example1 see the old organ in ,st4 ,paul's4 ,the shades 7claires voies7 of an organ should be well carved1 and in some designs the introduction of winged angel heads is very suitable3 in general they should be left plain2 gilding clashes with bright tin1 and offers no contrast with gilt pipes4 ,in the north of ,europe the tops of the pipes are concealed by the shades1 but in ,italy they are free1 and it is an open question which mode is the best4 ,either of these arrangements is better than the tops of the pipes shewing above the case with fanciful crowns on them4 ,the northern mode saves a little in height1 which sometimes is an advantage4 ,carved open-work or wings at the sides of the organ1 though useless1 are often picturesque2 occasionally they hide large wood pipes posted outside the case1 which are1 in general1 additions to the original contents1 and then they are useful4 ,for effect1 the wood-work should not fill the entire breadth of the space in which the organ stands1 but shew itself as a case1 and not as a screen to hide the internal arrangements4 ,the case at ,lucerne1 good as the work is1 fails in this particular3 it is a screen at the west end of the church1 to hide the organ1 not a case for it4 ,english organs often err in the reverse manner1 and look like square boxes4 ,a broader and shallower form is preferable1 but ,english feeling is1 ,i am afraid1 in favour of the square form4 ,the case at ,haarlem has been quoted as spoiling the tone of the instrument1 and on the other hand1 a ,french writer on the organ1 ,c4 ,m4 ,philbert1 states1 8,un artiste habitant ,paris nous disait1 ces jours derniers1 qu'en payant le prix fix pour les auditions particulires de l'orgue de ,haarlem1 on ne payait pas trop cher1 ne ft-ce que le seul plaisir d'en admirer la magnificence extrieure40 ,i tried at ,haarlem to detect if the tone were smothered by the case1 but could not in the least perceive any such defect4 ,the quality is very mellow1 which is very pleasing to the ear1 and is without the harshness which now-a-days is called boldness of tone4 ,towers boldly projecting1 either half circular or pointed1 are an improvement to the design of a case4 ,flat towers1 which in general are flush with the flats1 or only project slightly1 although used in some few cases1 do not give that play of light and shade which is so effective in a design4 ,where shutters1 curtains1 or blinds1 are used1 projecting towers are in the way2 but in ,holland are to be seen small cases with shutters1 which follow all the ins-and-outs of cases much broken in plan4 ,they must be difficult to make and to keep from warping1 and when large must be troublesome to open or close4 ,opinions are divided as to the usefulness of these appendages to an organ1 no doubt they are often most picturesque4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,the ,,arrangement ,,of ,,the ,,pipes4 ,number of the ,pipes4--,not all of the ,same ,height4--,two ,tiers of ,pipes4--,oval and ,circular ,openings4--,pipes arranged in ,perspective4--,carved ,panels4--,inverted ,pipes4--,double ,pipes4--,projecting ,mouths4--,fancy ,mouldings on ,pipes4--,pipes1 gilt--diapered--painted--tin--bronzed4-- ,tubes of ,reed ,stops projecting horizontally4--,tuba at ,york4 ,the usual number of pipes in each tower is in ,england three1 in ,france five1 and in ,germany seven 7in the ,tyrol1 flat towers with seven pipes are the rule72 but to these numbers there are many exceptions4 ,towers with two stories of pipes are in use in ,holland1 ,belgium1 and ,germany1 but ,i cannot call to mind any in ,england or in ,france4 ,in general the number of pipes in the upper story exceeds that of the lower4 ,a single pipe either forming a compartment1 or projecting so as to form a tower1 is not a good feature1 except when1 as in some of the ,north ,german organs1 a thirty-two feet pipe is used as a tower4 ,in some flat towers1 four pipes are inserted instead of five2 but an uneven number1 ,i think1 is more satisfactory to the eye4 ,it does not look well for all the pipes in a compartment to be of the same height1 and it is still worse when all the flats are alike3 for this reason the organ in ,exeter ,hall is ugly1 and good as the case is in ,rouen ,cathedral1 it would be much improved if some gradation in the pipe lengths were introduced into its four similar compartments4 ,in the flats1 two tiers of pipes are common in ,english and ,dutch organs1 and in ,holland more often appear in large cases4 ,oval and circular openings for pipes are used in ,england1 and more rarely in ,france3 it is an artificial mode of arranging pipe work4 ,there are a few examples of pipes being arranged to form a perspective1 which may be looked upon as a fanciful conceit4 ,panels carved to give the same effect are not quite so outr4 ,in ,holland and ,north ,germany1 inverted pipes are to be met with3 they in general stand on the wood framing1 but at ,perpignan 7,france7 there is a flat of inverted pipes which hang from the case by their feet4 ,i fancy that in general these are shams1 but an inverted pipe would not be liable to be choked with dust4 ,in ,dutch fronts occasionally double pipes1 or what may be more correctly styled two pipes with their feet joined together1 are used3 those that ,i have seen were dummies1 as no means of supplying them with wind was to be seen4 ,projecting mouths are a great finish to large pipes4 ,french builders are often very good at this work2 but it may be overdone1 as in the new organ in ,chester ,cathedral1 where the mouths are certainly exaggerated4 ,old ,french builders sometimes inserted a few pipes with various fancy mouldings about them1 brightened with paint4 ,the organ of ,gonesse has some1 and two are preserved as curiosities in the ,museum at ,beauvais4 ,pipes with their surface hammered into facets are rare4 ,at ,hertogenbosch1 the centre pipes of the towers are so treated1 and are also plain gilt2 but that in the central tower is parcel gilt4 ,belgian and ,dutch organs often have the mouths of their bright tin pipes gilt1 which has a good effect4 ,i have no great liking for diapered 7painted or illuminated7 pipes1 even if it has taken a fortnight to paint each1 as has lately been done2 it gives the idea that it is necessary to hide bad workmanship1 or poor metal4 ,coronals to the pipes1 however elaborate1 had best be eschewed1 although in caseless organs they give a sort of finish to the pipes4 ,but after all ,i have said against painted pipes1 one cannot help liking the bright appearance of a small case1 with well-coloured pipes1 even if one doubts how it will look after a few years1 when the freshness has departed4 ,plain gilding perhaps looks well longer than anything else4 ,tin pipes1 when dull1 have a very neglected look2 and nothing can look worse than bronzed pipes4 ,in ,spain1 it is the custom to place the ,reed ,stops so that their tubes project horizontally1 or at an angle from the case3 this throws out their sound4,a ,this arrangement is not common in ,england1 but might be adopted with good effect both for tone and appearance4 ,the ,tuba at ,york1 projecting from the west faade of the organ1 is most satisfactory in both respects2 any arranging of trumpets1 like a fan or half-circle at the top of the case1 is as well avoided4 ,a ,at ,leeds1 the pipes of the solo portion of the ,town-hall ,organ are entirely placed horizontally1 and it is stated that this increases their power from #bj to #cj per cent4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,the ,,choir ,,organ ,,as ,a ,,separate ,,case4 ,as a ,screen to the ,player4--,choir ,front in the ,lower ,part of ,case4 ,although organs now do not consist merely of a ,great and ,choir 7or ,chair7 organ1 the two cases add much to the look of an instrument1 and the ,choir case makes an excellent screen to conceal the organist4 ,old organs of any pretensions are rarely without it1 and for church organs1 which stand in a gallery1 or in any other raised position1 it should always make its appearance4 ,for a concert-room organ1 or an organ standing on the ground1 it is not required4 ,in some ,german instruments1 the ,choir case is so small1 that one suspects that it is a sham1 or at most merely a console to hold the keys4 ,in ,france1 reversed key-boards are coming into fashion2 and to hide them1 a screen of pipes is a pardonable deception4 ,a ,german custom of putting the ,choir ,front into the lower part of the case of the ,great ,organ1 under its pipes1 where the key-board is usually placed1 has a very uncomfortable look2 although we know that ,great and ,choir pipes are often put into the same case1 and there is no reason why1 if this is done1 the exterior of the case should not show it4 ,still there is something strange in the appearance4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,the ,,minor ,,details ,,of ,,an ,,organ4 ,room in the ,loft4--,loft should not be used as a ,singing ,gallery4--,reversed ,key-boards4--,black ,keys for ,naturals1 c4--,rows of ,stops1 perpendicular1 horizontal4--,varied ,forms of ,pedals4--,music ,desk4--,lights4--,looking ,glass4--,clock4--,carving between the ,pipes4--,fox-tail ,stop4--,electric and ,pneumatic ,actions4 ,it is a pity that many small things about an organ are not a little more cared for4 ,the cramped room in the loft is uncomfortable for the player2 he is often jammed between the two cases1 or his back touches the balustrade of the gallery1 rendering it a matter of difficulty for any one who may be in the loft with him1 to get from one side of the instrument to the other1 which is troublesome if the player requires assistance1 as is sometimes wanted2 and a loft should have comfortable sitting and kneeling accommodation3 an organist and those with him in the loft ought to have the means of following the service1 and hearing the sermon1 with a certain amount of ease4 ,the organ-loft being used as a singing-gallery is to be avoided1 except when it is a spacious gallery1 and even then the organist should have plenty of elbow room1 and be screened off more or less from the singers4 ,a reversed key-board rather complicates the mechanism1 and therefore should be avoided1 as the supposed advantage of the player being able to see what is being done in the church is problematical1 for with his music before him1 it is next to impossible for him to do so4 ,the organist at ,exeter ,hall used to face the conductor1 but some years back the key-board was re-arranged in its usual position4 ,the organist's place between the ,great and ,choir of ,father ,smith's organ at ,durham1 when it stood on the north side of the ,choir1 was as good as could be wished4 ,black keys for naturals1 and white 7ivory7 for the sharps look well3 they are sometimes to be seen in old instruments1 and should be retained2 the contrast between them and more modern key-boards1 which have a strong harmonium or ,american organ look1 is in their favour4 ,every player has his own views as to whether the old perpendicular rows of stop-handles1 or the ,french horizontal rows1 are the best1 and no one form of pedals1 plain1 concave1 radiating1 or both concave and radiating1 gives universal satisfaction4 ,a good music-desk should be fixed to every organ3 in general they are ricketty things1 and will only hold a little octavo hymn-tune book4 ,the lights1 be they candles or gas1 should be securely fixed1 and not liable to be knocked against by the player4 ,a looking-glass1 which should be a part of the organ1 and not a shaving-glass hung up with string and nails1 should be fixed so that the player can see down the church2 and something better than fastening with a pin to the side of the desk a shabby bit of paper with the list of music1 c41 might be arranged4 ,in ,england1 ,holland1 and ,normandy1 a clock is occasionally part of the organ case1 sometimes on the ,great1 and sometimes on the ,choir case1 and it is a useful accessory4 ,sometimes when there is no ,choir ,organ1 it is inserted in the front of the gallery4 ,in ,whitehall ,chapel a clock hangs from the ceiling under the organ-loft1 a puzzle how any one can get at it to wind it up4 ,in some few organs carved wood-work is introduced between the feet of the pipes1 so as to fill up the triangular space4 ,the pipes in the towers of ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,jewry1 have a sort of tall leaf between them4 ,from a ,french work ,i give the following extract3 8,a la tribune de l'orgue de la ,cathdral de ,barcelonne1 on voit une tte de ,maure suspendue par son turban4 ,lorsque les jeux les plus doux se font entendre1 la figure frmit2 mais si les sons augmentent de force1 ses yeux roulent dans leurs orbites1 ses dents s'entre-choquent1 et toute la face est en proie d'horribles convulsions4 ,le mchanisme qui produisait ces effets a t supprim40 ,this must be the delight or horror of small children1 and no one would dream of such an addition to a modern church or concert-room organ1 neither would the fox-tail stop be inserted1 although a person who was fond of 8curios0 might put them into a chamber instrument4 ,i do not make more than the passing remark on the electric and pneumatic actions1 that they are very valuable adjuncts to a large instrument1 and afford great facilities in many ways to the player1 as they are well explained and illustrated in the last 7#ahgj7 edition of ,hopkins's 8,organ40 ,,notes ,,on ,,organs ,,at ,,home ,,and ,,abroad4 ,,notes ,,on ,,english ,,organs4 ,although ,english cases cannot in general1 in size and carving1 compete with their compeers on the continent1 many of them are very good1 and might be studied by modern architects and builders4 ,the contents of our old instruments are less than those of the same date in ,france1 ,germany1 and ,holland1 and the ,pedal ,organ was for many years neglected4 ,our modern organs now can vie with any2 and if their cases were better1 they could hold their own against their foreign rivals4 ,there are some good modern cases1 but they are the exception and not the rule4 ,i now give my notes1 which from time to time ,i have made1 of our ,english instruments4 ,,london4 ,,father ,,smith',s ,,organ ,,in ,,st4 ,,paul',s4--,this instrument1 when it stood where it was originally intended to be1 on the ,choir ,screen1 both looked and sounded well4 ,the case1 which was a very exceptional one for ,father ,smith1 who hardly ever varied from his four-tower arrangement1 had fine carving by ,grinling ,gibbons1 and1 with the ,choir ,organ in front1 harmonised well with the handsome oak ,stalls4 ,some years ago it was pulled down and put over the ,stalls on the north side of the ,choir1 where1 to my taste1 it did not look or sound well1 and the ,choir case was placed in front of the large transept organ1 where it looked small and out of place4 ,the old case is now divided1 and placed on each side of the ,choir1 the old ,choir case put in its proper position1 before one half of the ,great case1 and a new ,choir case of similar design made to complete the other4 ,the contents are by ,willis1 and it is a good specimen of a modern cathedral organ4 ,,all ,,hallows1 ,,lombard ,,street4--,a pretty case of peculiar design1 which used to stand in the gallery at the west end of the ,church1 but is now placed on the floor in the south-east corner4 ,the case consists of two towers1 one on each side of the instrument1 with a circular opening between them1 filled with pipe-work1 above which stands a small tower1 with a flat of pipes on each side4 ,there is a quaintness about it which ,i like4 ,,christ ,,church1 ,,newgate ,,street4--,has a large fine organ standing at the west end of the ,church2 its four towers1 surmounted by mitres and crowns1 give it a ,church and ,state look4 ,although the case is large1 there is nothing very striking about it2 but the quality of its contents is good4 ,,st4 ,,clement',s1 ,,eastcheap4--,the organ stands on the south side of the ,church2 it formerly stood at the west end1 and is very similar to that at ,all ,hallows1 but of a more elaborate design1 consisting of two large towers1 between which is an oval of pipes1 upon which stands a small tower1 with an oval of pipes on each side1 above which stand two small flats of pipes4 ,modern taste has heavily painted the pipes2 in fact1 ,i never saw so much solid paint put on metal pipes2 and in my opinion when they were plain gilt they looked much better4 ,,st4 ,,lawrence1 ,,jewry4--,the organ1 which stands at the west end of the ,church1 has as fine and as correctly designed a case as can well be4 ,the carving is excellent1 and the old ,french rules for designing an organ case have been carried out with the best effect4 ,since ,i sketched it1 a new inside has been put into it1 and the case enlarged in very good taste4 ,it is now1 perhaps1 to be critical1 a little too square in form1 but it ranks among the best in ,london4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,lawrence ,,jewry #c,,rd4 ,,dec,r4 #ahgj4 ,,st4 ,,magnus ,,the ,,martyr1 ,,london ,,bridge4--,this organ1 remarkable as the first which had a swell1 is rather peculiar in design4 ,the dark wood carving is good1 and there is a quiet look of solid workmanship about the case which is much to be commended4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,magnus ,,the ,,martyr--,,london ,,bridge4 ,,may #ahga4 ,,st4 ,,olave',s1 ,,southwark4--,the organ1 with four towers1 and famous for having a thirty-two feet stop on the ,great ,organ1 after the manner of large ,german instruments1 stands at the west end1 in a good plain case1 but one that would hardly be worth adopting as a model for another instrument4 ,,st4 ,,sepulchre',s has a handsome large organ1 with a ,choir case in front4 ,the wood-work is fine1 the mouths of the pipes nicely shaped1 and the effect of the angular tower in the centre good4 ,the case1 ,i should think1 must have looked better before the two wings of large pipes were added4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,sepulchre--,,snow ,,hill4 #af,,th4 ,,may #ahga4 ,,chester ,,cathedral4 ,the new organ1 erected in #ahgf1 stands in a stone loft1 with marble pillars1 under the north arch of the centre tower4 ,it has an abundance of carved ,gothic wood-work1 and the pipes are plain gilt4 ,the mouths of the large pipes are shaped in the ,french style1 but appear to me a little exaggerated4 ,on the ,choir ,screen stands the ,echo ,organ1 which puts me in mind of that in ,notre-,dame de ,bruges1 on a very small scale4 ,the thirty-two feet pedal pipes 7wood7 stand on the ground at the end of the north transept4 ,they were incomplete when ,i saw them in ,november1 #ahgf1 and ,i should very much doubt if they will prove effective4 ,water-power and a gas-engine have been tried for blowing1 and did not succeed1 and a steam-engine was being erected4 ,,durham ,,cathedral4 ,a fine organ of ,father ,smith's usual pattern formerly stood1 with its ,choir ,organ in front1 on the ,choir ,screen4 ,some years ago it was removed and placed on the north side of the ,choir2 and1 in #ahgf1 has given place to a new divided organ1 by ,willis1 half standing on each side of the ,choir4 ,the arrangements of the old organ loft were very comfortable2 ,i mention this1 as but too often the loft is so cramped and inconvenient that the player can never be quite at ease4 ,,york ,,minster4 ,one of our largest cathedral organs stands on the magnificent ,choir ,screen4 ,it is a huge1 square mass of painted pipes and ,gothic carving4 ,the most picturesque part of the instrument is the tuba1 the pipes of which are arranged horizontally1 pointing down the nave4 ,this stop is the best of its kind ,i know4 ,this is but a meagre account of ,english organs1 as it only includes those which ,i have had the means of studying3 ,i ought to have written about the ,temple organ1 that in ,westminster ,abbey1 the huge instrument in the ,albert ,hall1 and the one in the ,crystal ,palace4 ,that in the ,temple has been described1 much better than ,i can do it1 by ,edmund ,macrory1 in his 8,few ,notes on the ,temple ,organ40 ,i hope that some day the ,abbey authorities will see how poor1 not in tone1 but in appearance1 their present organ is4 ,they have ample space to erect a magnificent case4 ,the ,albert ,hall organ is an attempt at a new style of case1 which ,i think is a failure2 and the ,handel organ has a very ordinary 7except for its size7 faade1 with four towers1 and the usual painted pipes4 ,,notes ,,on ,,french ,,organs4 ,,abbeville4 ,,st4 ,,wolfram4--,a fine organ stands in a gallery which fills the first compartment of the nave1 so that the case stands well away from the west window4 ,the great case has five towers1 of five pipes each1 the smallest in the centre1 on the top of which is a winged angel1 with a sword in one hand and a scroll in the other4 ,on each side is a flat of five pipes1 then a middling-sized tower1 beyond these are flats of four pipes each1 and then two great towers1 which overhang the sides of the case4 ,the ,choir ,organ1 which stands in front1 consists of two flats1 of ten pipes each1 and three towers1 the largest in the centre1 each containing seven pipes4 ,the ,accompaniment ,organ 7by this term ,i mean an organ standing in the ,choir1 to accompany the ,priests' voices7 stands on the north side of the ,choir1 in a plain modern flat-topped case1 with a little ,gothic work about it4 ,it is played from a reverse key-board in the ,stalls4 ,tone fair4 #ahge4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,wolfram--,,abbeville #ad,,th4 ,,may1 #ahge4 ,,st4 ,,sepulchre4--,the west-end organ has a plain classic face of oak1 with three towers1 the tallest in the middle4 ,the ,choir ,organ in front has three towers1 disposed in the same manner4 ,in a ,chapel1 on the south-east side of the ,church1 is a modern ,gothic organ1 the front of which forms a sort of reredos to an ,altar1 an arrangement certainly not to be commended4 #ahge4 ,,amiens4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the ,great ,organ1 which stands in a gallery at the west end of the ,church1 is one of the oldest in ,france4 ,it is simple in design1 consisting of three flat towers1 with flats between them4 ,the case is painted blue1 and much gilded4 ,it has a ,choir ,organ in front1 which is an addition1 and rather ,belgian in style4 ,it is a good-sized instrument1 but does not look large enough for so spacious a ,church4 ,in the north aisle of the ,choir is an ,accompaniment ,organ1 in a common case1 with no pipes2 air-holes are cut in the wood-work1 some of which show through the backs of the ,stalls1 from which it is played4 ,the tone of the ,great ,organ flue stops is coarse1 but that of the reeds good1 and on the whole the instrument is very suitable for the large ,cathedral in which it stands4 ,the quality of the ,accompaniment ,organ is very fair4 ,in #ahfh ,i heard them both played at ,mass4 ,the players were good1 especially the organist of the large instrument4 #ahfh1 #ahge4 ,,st4 ----4--,in a ,church1 the name of which ,i omitted to note1 was an organ1 the front of which consisted of a painting of an organ front 7scene-painter's work74 ,it looked dirty1 as if it had been up for some time4 ,i suppose they were either short of funds to carry out the design1 or there was some yet unsettled dispute pending2 such things happen nearer home than ,amiens4 #ahfh4 ,,bayeux4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the large organ stands at the west end of the ,church1 with its ,choir in front4 ,it stands in a gallery1 supported by a stone arch thrown across the nave4 ,the great case consists of a large central tower with five pipes1 surmounted by an urn1 on each side of which is a flat of seven pipes1 then a small tower1 containing one pipe only2 again a flat of seven pipes1 and at each end of the case is a tower containing three pipes1 which are supported by figures4 ,the ,choir ,organ consists of a small tower of five pipes in the centre1 with a flat on each side1 and beyond them a taller tower of three pipes4 ,the tone is full1 but wanting in sweetness1 and is deficient in bass4 ,under the arch1 on the north side of the ,choir1 next the centre tower1 is an ,accompaniment ,organ1 in a very handsome case with three towers1 and of fair quality in tone4 ,about this district1 most of the organs stand on an arch1 thrown across the west end of the nave4 #ahff4 ,,beauvais4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the ,great ,organ stands in an exceptional position1 at the south end of the east aisle of the south transept1 standing as forward as the first column of the transept1 leaving space between it and the end of the transept1 for bellows1 c4 ,although one of the largest organs in ,france1 the case is plain and simple1 consisting merely of three towers of five pipes each1 the smallest in the centre1 with flats between1 and a ,choir ,organ in front1 consisting of a long flat1 with two circular towers4 ,above the ,great ,organ case1 stands some old painted screen-work4 ,as far as the case is concerned1 the organ is not worthy of the lofty ,cathedral in which it stands4 ,i did not hear this organ1 so cannot judge of its tone4 ,in the ,choir is a modern ,gothic organ1 with three gabled flats1 and in the north transept is a harmonium4 #ahge4 ,,st4 ,,etienne has1 at the west end1 a good-sized organ of dark oak1 standing in a gallery1 supported by two square oak pillars4 ,the ,great ,organ case consists of three towers1 with five pipes each4 ,the largest1 which are at each end1 are supported by angels1 and crowned with vases1 and the centre tower is surmounted by an angel4 ,the flats between the towers are each divided in half by a pilaster4 ,the ,choir ,organ1 also in dark oak1 has three towers1 the least in the centre4 ,in the spaces between the ,great ,organ case and the sides of the nave1 are wooden arches filled in with lattice-work1 behind which is placed a quantity of pipe-work1 so that the organ is really larger than it appears to be at first sight4 #ahge4;,b ,b ,in the ,museum at ,beauvais are two curious organ pipes1 with raised mouldings and painted decorations1 which ,i believe are some of the original pipes of the old organ at ,gonesse4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,etienne--,,beauvais #ah,,th4 ,,may1 #ahge4 ,,boulogne4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,over the west door stands a large modern organ1 consisting simply of panels of open work1 and without any pipes showing4 #ahge4 ,,caen4 ,,st4 ,,etienne4--,at the west end is a large organ1 with four towers2 those at the side of the case are borne by giants4 ,in front stands the ,choir ,organ1 consisting of two flats1 and three towers of five pipes each1 the least in the centre4 ,under the north arch of the centre tower 7the ,choir reaching as far as the western piers of the same7 is an ,accompaniment ,organ of modern ,gothic work4 ,in the middle of the ,choir is a harmonium1 which ,i was told was for the boys4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,jean has a handsome organ1 with its ,choir ,organ in front4 ,it also shows1 under the arch against which it stands1 a little front facing the west entrance4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,pierre4--,at the west end stands a large old organ1 with its ,choir in front1 as usual1 and on the south side of the ,choir is a small ,accompaniment ,organ4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,trinit4--,in the north transept stands a shabby-looking organ4 ,this handsome ,norman church should have something more worthy of it4 #ahff4 ,,coutances4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,at the west end of the church1 supported by four pillars1 arranged two and two on each side1 stands a fine organ with the customary ,choir in front4 ,among the sketches of ,david ,roberts1 which were sold after his death1 was a very good one of this instrument4 ,under the north arch of the centre tower1 stands a small modern ,gothic ,accompaniment ,organ1 consisting of four panels with flat tops4 ,it is played from the front row of the ,choir ,stalls1 the ,choir1 as at ,caen1 extending as far as the western arch of the centre tower4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,nicolas4--,at the west end stands an old organ in a very ,english-looking case1 with three towers1 the largest of which is in the centre4 ,as the case is flush with the front of the gallery1 the key-board must be either at the back1 or on one side of the instrument4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,pierre4--,in a gallery1 standing across the western bay of the nave1 unsupported by pillar or arch1 stands the organ with its ,choir in front1 in a very ordinary case4 #ahff4 ,,dieppe4 ,,st4 ,,jacques4--,supported on wooden pillars at the west end of the church1 is a large early ,renaissance organ1 with a ,choir in front1 in a dirty condition4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,r,,mi has an organ very similar to ,st4 ,jacques1 not quite so old1 which1 when ,i saw it1 was in a very shabby state4 ,,dijon4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the organ is in a ,grand case at the west end4 ,by some people it is considered one of the finest cases in ,france4 ,i have never been able to get a drawing or photograph of it1 and omitted to sketch it myself4 #ahee4 ,,laon4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,at the end of the north transept stands the very picturesque ,great ,organ1 with its ,choir in front4 ,it has five towers1 the two largest of which1 supported by giants1 stand at the sides1 and the smallest occupies the centre4 ,the ,choir ,organ has three towers1 the least in the middle4 ,wood pipes1 coloured red1 are placed on each side of the ,great ,organ1 with bad effect4 ,the tone of the instrument is reedy and weak1 and the wind short4 ,the ,accompaniment ,organ1 in an ordinary flat modern ,gothic case1 stands on the north side of the ,choir4 #ahfh4 ,,lisieux4 ,,st4 ,,pierre 7formerly the ,cathedral74--,a good sized organ1 of a fair ,gothic design1 is on the north side of the ,choir4 ,it is played from the ,stalls4 ,there is no organ at the west end1 which is rather unusual in a large ,french church4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,jacques4--,the church was so dark that ,i could only make out that the organ1 which stood at the west end of the church1 had four towers1 and the ,choir in front1 three4 ,the case might have been an old one1 half ,flamboyant1 and half ,renaissance1 or perhaps modern ,gothic4 #ahff4 ,,lyons4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,on the side of the ,choir is a sweet-toned organ1 a drawing of which is given in 8,le ,facteur d',orgues40 #ahee4 ,,paris4 ,,notre-,,dame4--,a gigantic organ 7the contents of which are by ,cavaill7 stands at the west end of the church1 in a fine old case of five towers1 the largest of which are at each end of the case1 and in the centre is the smallest1 surmounted by a clock4 ,in place of the usual ,choir case is a console containing the keys1 enabling the player to see down the nave4 ,the organ is supported partly by a vaulting of stone1 and partly by a wooden gallery1 which1 although no doubt perfectly correct1 appears to me rather mean4 ,over the ,stalls1 on the north side of the ,choir1 is a small ,accompaniment ,organ1 the wood-work of which does not harmonise well with the ,stalls4 #ahfh4 ,,st4 ,,eustache4--,this church has three organs4 ,at the west end is the ,great ,organ1 with ,choir in front1 the case of which is of a rather unusual but handsome pattern4 ,on the south side of the ,choir is a good-toned ,accompaniment ,organ1 in a plain case2 and on the south side of the ,lady ,chapel is a little five-stop organ1 with a plain case1 composed of two flats4 #ahfh4 ,,rheims4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the ,great ,organ stands in the north transept1 in a very fine case1 part ,flamboyant and part ,renaissance4 ,it has five towers1 the largest of which stands in the centre1 the next in size at each end of the case1 and the least occupy the intermediate positions4 ,the ,choir ,organ in front has three towers1 the tallest of which are at the ends4 ,in the flats1 of which there are four1 two and two together1 are ovals over the pipes1 also fitted with pipes3 the inner ovals had the smallest pipes ,i have ever seen put in front of an organ4 ,the full tone of the instrument is very good2 to be critical1 a little wanting in diapason4 ,the solo stops are good1 the vox humana fairish1 and the tremulant effective4 ,the player knew well how to use the instrument4 ,on each side of the case stand some pipes painted white1 which are by no means so conspicuous as might be expected4 ,the ,choir ,organ1 for in this case it can hardly be called merely an ,accompaniment ,organ1 stands on the south side of the ,choir4 ,architecturally speaking1 it stands in the nave1 as the ,choir extends three bays down the nave4 ,it is modern ,gothic1 with a lofty tower in the centre1 surmounted by a high pinnacle1 and a sloping flat of pipes on each side4 ,it has a good full tone2 and1 when ,i heard it1 was exactly in tune with the large organ2 so it was a great treat to hear one respond to the other4 ,it has two rows of keys1 and a pedal2 and the stops were arranged on each side from the key-board down to the pedal1 which cannot be convenient to the player4 ,on a week day1 ,i heard a very young man accompany the mass2 he played very well and steadily1 and when his services were not required1 attended to the service in a manner which some organists might follow with advantage4 ,above the ,great ,organ stands a good rose window4 #ahfh4 ,illustration3 ,,rheims ,,cathedral #ag,,th4 ,,august #ahfh4 ,,st4 ,,andr4--,the organ stands on the south side of the ,choir2 it is in a flat case of carved oak1 in the modern ,norman style1 but where they got their precedent1 ,i do not know4 ,however1 it looked well1 and the tone was good4 #ahfh4 ,,st4 ,r,,mi4--,the organ is fitted into one of the north arches of the nave1 part of which is used as the ,choir1 as in the cathedral4 ,it has a plain flat front1 and is played from the ,choir ,stalls4 ,the stop handles are arranged in the same manner as those in the smaller organ in the cathedral4 #ahfh4 ,,rouen4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,at the west end1 under a grand rose window1 stands one of the best organs in ,normandy4 ,its gallery is supported by two internal buttresses of white stone1 or marble1 on each side of the grand entrance4 ,it consists of five towers of five pipes each1 the largest1 which are the outside towers1 being supported by giants1 and surmounted by a statue4 ,the two next towers have vases on their summits2 and the centre tower1 which is the least1 is crowned with a clock4 ,between these towers stand four equal flats1 with nine pipes each1 which are perhaps the only failure in this grand case4 ,the ,choir in front has three towers1 with five pipes each1 surmounted with vases1 the least in the centre1 and two flats of nine pipes each4 ,the culs-de-lampe have much open work about them4 ,the organ gallery is concave in plan4 ,the tone of the ,great ,organ is good1 the shrill stops not being prominent1 and the reeds not too loud4 ,when ,i heard it1 the player could not be called first-class4 ,the ,accompaniment ,organ stands on the north side of the ,choir2 it has two gabled flats1 with a narrow gable tower between1 of modern ,gothic work4 ,its tone is fair1 but nothing particular4 #ahff1 #ahge4 ,illustration3 ,,rouen ,,cathedral #ba,,st4 ,,may1 #ahge4 ,,canteleu4--,the parish church is without an organ1 but in the centre of the ,choir stands a harmonium or ,american organ4 ,it is a pity that a good church like this1 in a wealthy suburb1 is without a proper instrument4 #ahge4 ,,st4 ,,georges ,,de ,,boscherville4--,a small village some little distance from the city1 with a famous ,norman church1 which has a small old three-towered organ1 with no ,choir in front1 standing in its west gallery4 #ahge4 ,,st4 ,,maclou4--,the organ1 which stands at the west end of the church1 has four towers of five pipes each1 the largest outside1 overhanging the case4 ,the two adjoining flats have seven pipes each1 and the centre flat1 which is divided in half1 has nine pipes in its lower division1 and thirteen in the upper1 which is surmounted by a clock4 ,the ,choir in front1 has three towers2 the centre1 which is the tallest1 having seven pipes1 the outer towers have five pipes1 and the intermediate flats seven4 ,the organ gallery is supported by grey marble columns1 and on its south side has a very fine stone-staircase4 ,the case has very elaborate ,renaissance carving1 and above it stands a good rose window4 ,when ,i saw it in #ahff1 the organ had just been repaired1 and the pipe-work was brilliant and had well-shaped mouths4 ,when ,i saw it again in #ahge1 they looked very dull and out of condition4 #ahff1 #ahge4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,maclou1 ,,rouen4 #bj,,th4 ,,may1 #ahge4 ,,notre-,,dame ,,de ,,bon ,,secours has1 at the west end1 a modern ,french ,gothic organ1 with much gilding and plain pipes4 ,the ,choir ,organ in front is very small1 merely a screen in front of the player4 ,behind the ,stalls1 on the south aisle of the ,choir1 is a long low oak box1 containing a small organ1 the key-board of which is in the ,choir ,stalls4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,ouen4--,the organ stands in a grand case1 in a gallery supported by white marble columns1 at the west end of the church1 with one of the finest rose windows in ,france over it4 ,the great case has five towers with five pipes each1 and four flats with seven each4 ,the largest towers overhang the extremity of the case1 and are surmounted by winged angels4 ,the intermediate towers1 which are half hexagons1 have on the southern tower1 the statue of ,st4 ,cecilia1 and on the northern1 one of ,king ,david4 ,the centre tower1 which is the smallest1 has a figure which ,i could not make out4 ,query1 ,st4 ,ouen8 ,the ,choir case has three towers of five pipes each1 the least in the centre1 with two flats of seven pipes4 ,this organ has very good ,renaissance carving about it4 ,in a chapel on the north side of the ,choir is a modern ,gothic organ1 the mouths of whose pipes are well formed4 ,the key-board is in the ,choir1 and the trackers run under the side aisle4 #ahff1 #ahge4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,ouen--,,rouen #bj,,th4 ,,may1 #ahge4 ,,st4 ,,sever 7on the south side of the river74--,the organ in this church is curiously arranged4 ,the west tower1 which projects into the church1 is faced with marble1 the lower part of which consists of a large arch for the western door4 ,it has on either side a round-headed recess1 holding on one side a painting of ,st4 ,paul1 and on the other1 that of ,st4 ,peter4 ,above this is a large round arch1 panelled with oak1 with a small ,choir ,organ in front1 and the upper part of the arch has pipes which follow its curve4 ,beyond this1 can be seen a circular west window1 with a flat of pipes underneath1 with oak carving4 ,on each side of this arch stand tall round arches1 filled with pipe-work4 #ahge4 ,,st4 ,,vincent4--,the aristocratic church of ,rouen4 ,the ,tarif de ,chaises beats any regulation for letting pews that ,i am aware of in ,england4 ,at the west end is a ,renaissance organ1 with a ,choir ,organ in front1 in fairish condition4 ,on the north side of the ,choir is an ,accompaniment ,organ1 of the usual ,french ,gothic pattern4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,vivien4--,in a gallery at the west end is a large organ1 very similar to that in the ,cathedral1 the chief difference being1 that in place of the intermediate towers1 are pilasters surmounted by statues4 ,the ,choir ,organ in front1 which has three towers1 projects very far from the gallery4 ,on the north side of the ,choir is a small organ of no particular style1 consisting of three flats4 #ahge4 ,the three great organs in ,rouen1 in the ,cathedral1 ,st4 ,ouen1 and ,st4 ,maclou1 have cases of which any city or town may well be proud4 ,,st4 ,,lo4 ,,st4 ,,lo 7formerly the ,cathedral74--,at the west end stands the organ1 with its ,choir in front4 ,the case is a handsome one1 in the old ,french style4 ,it is not a large instrument1 and its quality is noisy and bad4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,croix4--,a modern ,gothic organ stands at the west end1 wanting the usual ,choir ,organ in front4 #ahff4 ,,st4 ,,ricquier4 ,,the ,,abbey ,,church4--,a poor ,picardy village1 with a magnificent church1 which has a good-looking organ1 standing very high up in a vaulted gallery1 at the west end4 ,its oak case has five towers1 the largest at the ends1 and the least in the centre1 with an ordinary ,french ,choir ,organ in front4 #ahge4 ,,strasburg4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,i include this organ among ,french organs1 as when ,i saw it1 it belonged to ,france4 ,silberman's fine organ projects from the north triforium in the nave1 its ,gothic case1 painted and gilded1 is very handsome1 and when ,i saw it1 it looked as if it had just been put into good order4 ,the case consists of a large central tower1 with a flat on each side1 beyond which are carved oak wings1 with much gilding4 ,its ,choir ,organ1 which projects in front1 is very similar in pattern4 ,its quality is sweet1 but a little muffled4 ,however1 ,i did not hear its full power4 ,it was played by a lady1 a good performer1 who had presided at the instrument for some years4 ,this is one of the best hanging organs ,i know1 and without looking unwieldy1 holds forty-two1 a fair number of stops4 ,it received considerable damage during the siege4 #ahfh4 ,,troyes4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,a fine organ stands at the west end of the church1 under a grand ,flamboyant rose window4 ,it is proposed to remove the stone vault on which it stands1 and to place the instrument1 which is said to have been brought from the ,abbey of ,st4 ,bernard1 at ,clairvaux1 on iron girders1 so as to allow the rose to be better seen4 ,it has five towers1 that in the centre containing the five largest pipes1 surmounted by ,king ,david1 with his harp2 on each side of which is a flat containing nine pipes1 then a little tower of five pipes1 above which is an angel1 who holds festoons of flowers1 which come from the centre and end towers4 ,next comes a flat of eight pipes1 beyond which are the end towers1 with five large pipes1 supported by giants1 and crowned with a sitting angel1 playing on a violin4 ,the ,choir ,organ has three towers of five pipes each1 the smallest tower1 which is in the centre1 carries a shield1 and the end towers have each an angel4 ,the base of the ,choir ,organ is stone1 and on each side of the ,great ,organ case stand large wood pipes4 ,the wood-work of the case is dark in colour1 and the carving elaborate1 with no gilding1 and the pipes are plain4 ,the ,accompaniment ,organ stands on the north side of the ,choir1 with a reversed key-board1 played from the ,stalls4 ,its pipes are plain1 and the wood is left its natural colour4 ,its style is ultra-,gothic1 minus the correct painting and gilding4 #ahfi4 ,illustration3 ,,troyes ,,cathedral #b,,nd4 ,,sept,r4 #ahfi ,,st4 ,,jean4--,at the west end is a fair-sized organ1 with a ,choir ,organ before it1 both having three towers1 the smallest in the centre4 #ahfi4 ,,st4 ,,nizier4--,on the north side of the ,choir stands an organ of modern ,gothic work1 with its key-board reversed4 #ahfi4 ,,st4 ,r,,mi4--,an organ1 the design of which is modern ,gothic1 stands at the west end4 #ahfi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the figures given at the end of each description1 are the dates at which ,i saw the different instruments4 ,unless it is stated that the pipes are gilded or painted1 it is to be understood that the pipes in foreign organs are left their natural colour4 ,,notes ,,on ,,belgian ,,organs4 ,,antwerp4 ,,the ,,cathedral 7,notre ,dame7 has a grand instrument at the west end1 standing in a gallery of black and white marble1 supported by scagliola columns on black plinths4 ,the gallery projects very much in front of the organ1 so as to allow room for an orchestra4 ,the centre tower contains seven pipes1 and has on each side a bowed compartment of seven pipes1 and next a flat of six pipes4 ,these have over them a seated angel1 so as to fill up the space between the centre and the next towers1 which each contain five pipes4 ,the next is a bowed compartment of three slender pipes1 then a flat of three pipes1 and at each end is a tower of five pipes surmounted by an angel playing on a large lute4 ,the centre tower is surmounted by a sitting figure with angels1 backed with carved work1 above which is a winged angel holding a palm branch4 ,the intermediate towers have each a high finial1 with two angels holding trumpets4 ,the oak work is elaborately carved1 the claires-voies are gilt1 and between the feet of the pipes carved work is inserted1 which is also gilt4 ,the mouths of the pipes1 which1 when ,i saw them1 were in dirty condition1 are gilt4 ,the west window appears above the organ case1 but the end of the ,church is gloomy1 and it is difficult to make out detail4 ,i did not much admire the tone of this instrument4 #ahgb4 ,illustration3 ,,antwerp ,,cathedral #aa,,th4 ,,sep,,tr4 #ahgb4 ,,the ,,english ,,church has a small organ in the west gallery1 consisting of one manual with ten stops and no pedal1 the tone bad4 ,the oak case in the ,renaissance style1 with three towers1 the smallest in the centre4 ,although the pipes of the outer towers are arranged in a semi-circle1 the top is square1 the gilded work at the top of the pipes making a sort of capital1 which looks very well4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,george4--,a new church1 highly decorated1 has at its west end a divided ,gothic organ1 not otherwise remarkable4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,jacques4--,a semi-divided organ stands on a ,choir ,screen of black and white marble1 the front towards the west1 has on each side next the pillars of the church1 a tower of seven pipes1 then a small flat1 beyond which is a still smaller flat4 ,a low straight piece of oak carving joins this to similar work on the opposite side4 ,the ,choir front consists of a low centre1 which has a bas-relief of ,st4 ,cecilia1 below which is a small oval opening1 which ,i fancy is useful to the organist4 ,on each side of this is a flat of six pipes1 a tower of five pipes1 a flat of four pipes1 and lastly1 a tower of five pipes surmounted by figures4 ,this portion of the case is low1 and looks like a ,choir ,organ rather larger than usual4 ,on each side of this work1 comes a small flat of five pipes1 then a larger flat of five pipes1 and a tall tower of five pipes1 all of which are crowned with figures and carving4 ,the feet of the pipes in these last divisions commence about the level of the middle of those in the centre part4 ,the mouths of the pipes are gilt1 and have gilded work between their feet4 ,this instrument is an excellent specimen of an organ standing on a ,choir ,screen1 and so arranged as not to injure the view up and down the church4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,paul 7,dominicans74--,the organ1 with its ,choir ,organ in front1 said to be the finest in ,belgium1 and as far as the case and carving is concerned it well may be1 stands at the west end of the ,church1 in a semi-circular gallery of black and white marble1 with gilt balustrades4 ,the rough outline of the case may be said to be a steep gable1 with fantastic carvings above4 ,the central portion stands on a very high plinth1 the middle tower1 which is crowned with a phnix1 standing above much curious carving1 has five pipes carried on 8ponts10 and has on each side a double tier of eleven pipes1 then an angular tower1 crowned with a lyre and two angels1 beyond which is a flat of seven pipes4 ,all the wood-work is well carved1 with a little gilding judiciously used4 ,on each side of this central portion is a tower springing from a corbel1 at a much lower level than the rest of the work1 so that the tops of the pipes1 which are five1 standing on 8ponts10 are about level with the tops of the lowest pipes in the centre of the case4 ,they are crowned with domes1 from which dragons peep1 and are surmounted by winged angels bearing trumpets4 ,the ,choir case has three angels on its central tower of seven pipes1 on each side of which are two tiers of small pipes1 and then an angular tower1 surmounted by an angel4 ,a wooden gallery joins the ,choir case to the inner angle of the outer towers of the ,great case1 and a like gallery joins these towers to the walls of the nave4 ,all this work overhangs the marble gallery below1 and its curved supports are beautifully carved4 ,the lower gallery contains the usual fittings of an orchestra1 the pipes are quite plain and the leaf of their mouths is rounded1 not sharp as in the ,cathedral1 or at ,st4 ,jacques1 and no carving is introduced between their feet4 #ahgb4 ,the wood of all these organs is dark1 not black1 oak1 and the sculpture excellent4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,pauls ,,antwerp #ab,,th4 ,,sept,r4 #ahgb ,,bruges4 ,,the ,,cathedral 7,st4 ,sauveur74--,on the ,choir ,screen stands an elaborately designed organ4 ,its base is taller than usual1 and the arrangement of pipes somewhat complicated4 ,in the centre is a tower of seven pipes1 with a flat on each side containing two tiers of pipes4 ,above the cornice of this work1 rises in the centre a tall tower of seven pipes1 crowned with much carved work1 and surmounted by a large figure4 ,on each side is a flat of pipes1 with an angel playing on a trumpet in each corner4 ,on each side of the organ stands a tower of five large pipes1 with elaborate cornices and wings4 ,that on the south side is surmounted by ,king ,david1 and that on the north by ,st4 ,cecilia4 ,these towers overhang the case1 and are joined to the centre work by flats of seven pipes4 ,the pipes are gilt in the ,english fashion1 the front facing the ,choir consists simply of panels of carved open work1 with a ,choir ,organ in front1 the pipes of which are gilt4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,anne4--,on the ,choir ,screen stands a little organ1 with gilt pipes and very elaborate carving4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,jacques4--,on the ,choir ,screen is a handsome organ1 with good carving4 ,the side facing the ,choir shows pipes in its two end towers only1 the rest being filled in with open work tracery4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,jean 7chapel in the hospital of74--,the organ1 not a very old instrument1 stands in a second gallery1 at the west end of the chapel1 its pipes are gilt1 and arranged somewhat in the ,german manner1 showing a ,great and ,choir front in one case4 #ahgb4 ,,notre ,,dame4--,there is on the ,choir ,screen a very curious early ,renaissance organ case1 forming the base of the rood4 ,its pipes are not gilt1 and it has a plain ,choir ,organ on its eastern side4 #ahgb4 ,,les ,s,,urs ,,de ,,charit 7chapel in the convent of74--,in the west gallery is a small organ1 standing flush with its front4 ,it consists of a single flat of bright tin pipes1 and the wood-work is painted white4 #ahgb4 ,,brussels4 ,,ste4 ,,gudule4--,at the west end is an ugly divided organ case1 with very little work about it4 ,in the front of its gallery is a hanging ,choir ,organ1 of bad ,gothic4 ,on the south side of the ,choir1 stands a fair-sized harmonium4 #ahfi4 ,,notre ,,dame ,,des ,,victoires4--,a ,renaissance organ stands at the west end1 the pipes plain1 and the case dirty4 ,it consists of a centre tower1 two curved compartments1 and two outer towers1 supported by giants1 and set at an angle of #de with the front4 ,the ,choir ,organ in front is very similar in pattern2 the upper part of the ,great ,organ case has many carvings of musical instruments1 c41 and a medallion bearing a head in the centre4 #ahgb4 ,,ghent 7,gand74 ,,the ,,cathedral 7,st4 ,bavon74--,a handsome organ stands at the junction of the north transept with the ,choir1 which has three towers with five pipes each2 the two outside ones are supported by satyrs1 and crowned with angels holding trumpets4 ,on each side of the centre tower1 are two flats of five pipes each1 over which is much carving1 with shields supported by angels4 ,over the centre tower is a small three-sided case1 containing seven pipes in each compartment1 surmounted with tabernacle work1 on which is a figure on horseback1 query1 ,st4 ,bavon8 ,the key-board of the organ is behind in a gallery1 just under the vaulting of the north aisle of the ,choir1 which has a small ,choir front facing the east2 but ,i was told that this was really quite an independent instrument4 ,the arches under the organ are cased with black and white marble1 all the carving about the case is good1 and dates from the seventeenth century4 ,the case is of oak1 but after the fashion of the country1 painted oak colour4 ,i objected to this1 but was informed what could ,i expect1 when they were in the habit of painting imitation marble on marble4 ,the main case reaches about half-way up the triforium1 and the upper case more than half-way up the clerestory windows4 ,the tone is good1 and from its quality1 ,i should say1 has not been much altered from its original state4 ,at ,high ,mass ,i heard it very well played4 ,the soft stops ,i could hardly hear1 on account of the people perpetually moving in the ,church4 #ahgb4 ,illustration3 ,,cathedral 7,s,t4 ,,bavon7 ,,ghent4 #e,,th4 ,,oct1 #ahgb4 ,,the ,b,,guinage4--,at the west end is an organ1 not a very large one1 with its ,choir ,organ planted just in front of it1 or else inserted into the lower part of the case1 ,german fashion4 ,its quality was not bad1 and was fairly played by one of the ,bguines1 who was seated at the back of the instrument4 #ahgb4 ,,the ,,english ,,church 7,temple ,protestant74--,in the west gallery is a small1 poor-toned organ2 it has three towers1 the least in the centre1 which1 however1 stands higher than the others1 from the plinth of the case curving up in the middle4 ,on each side is a flat1 with two tiers of pipes1 and the cornice of the centre tower overlaps those of the other towers1 which gives a crowded effect to the case4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,jacques4--,the case of the organ1 at the west end1 is divided into three parts1 the centre one being lower than the others4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,michael4--,the modern organ at the west end of the church1 is of a peculiar and very ugly design4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,nicolas4--,at the west end is a modern ,gothic organ1 the front of which consists of a gable1 with a lofty tower and pinnacle in the centre4 #ahgb4 ,,li,,ge4 ,,st4 ,,jacques4--,at the west end is a very pretty ,renaissance organ4 ,in the centre of the case is a large tower containing seven pipes1 on each side of which is a flat1 with a double tier of pipes1 then a flat of four pipes1 beyond which are semi-circular endings containing three pipes1 supported by figures holding trumpets1 and surmounted by tabernacle work4 ,the lower part of the case is very tall1 so that from the gallery to the feet of the pipes is nearly half the height of the instrument4 ,in the front projects the ,choir ,organ1 supported by a stone bracket4 ,it consists of a central tower of seven pipes1 with much carved work above1 supporting a statue of ,st4 ,cecilia1 with a flat on each side1 and semi-circular ends1 filled with pipes4 ,all the work about this organ is very good1 and by some it is considered the prettiest organ case in existence4 #ahfc4 ,,louvain4 ,,st4 ,,pierre4--,the organ stands projecting from the east wall of the north transept1 and fills the space between the clerestory and half way up the opening into the side aisles4 ,the case consists of a tower of seven pipes in the centre1 with tabernacle work on the top1 crowned with ,st4 ,peter4 ,on each side are tall flats1 with a semi-circular pediment1 beyond which are semi-circular ends1 supported by brackets4 ,it may be noted that the pipes in the semi-circular ends are very slender1 and their feet are longer than their bodies4 ,the ,choir ,organ in front is very similar in design4 ,the carving about the case and gallery is nice1 without being anything particular1 and the tone fair1 though rather deficient in power4 #ahgb4 ,,mechlin 7,malines74 ,,the ,,cathedral 7,st4 ,rumbold74--,the organ1 which stands at the west end1 is an old ordinary-looking instrument4 ,in the south aisle of the ,choir is a modern ,gothic organ4 ,in the ,cathedral of the ,primate of ,belgium one might expect that there would be finer instruments4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,jean4--,at the west end is a modern ,renaissance organ4 ,a white plaster wall is brought so forward1 that it stands flush with the front of the case1 the effect of which is not good4 #ahgb4 ,,notre-,,dame4--,in the south transept1 over the ,choir aisle arch1 stands an organ with its ,choir in front1 good in tone1 and in a very clean and good condition1 so that ,i fancied it to be a new instrument4 ,i was1 however1 told that it was old4 ,the pipes were left their natural colour1 and there was no gilding about the wood-work4 ,it is a very pretty instrument on a moderate scale4 #ahgb4 ,,notes ,,on ,,dutch ,,organs4 ,,amsterdam4 ,,nieuwe ,,kerk4--,at the west end is a large organ1 with double shutters1 the lower half of the case being wider than the upper part4 ,it is painted mahogany colour1 as well as the ,choir ,organ in front4 ,it is altogether a tasteless design4 ,a second organ stands at the junction of the nave with the south transept2 it is closed with shutters1 and is a very good picturesque specimen of a small organ1 as tasteful as the west organ is tasteless4 #ahgb4 ,,oude ,,kerk4--,at the west end1 in a marble gallery1 stands a fine organ1 the wall behind which is painted black4 ,the case is bronze colour1 with white statues and decorations4 ,the claires-voies and the bases of the pipes have much gilding1 and the mouths of the pipes are also gilt4 ,it has five towers1 the centre and the two outer of which are circular1 the two others are angular4 ,the central tower is surmounted by a black-faced clock1 with white and gold ornaments4 ,the southern circular tower has a statue of ,st4 ,john1 and the south angular tower a shield bearing a 8ship proper40 ,the north angular tower has the arms of the town1 and the north circular tower a figure standing by an altar4 ,the flats between the towers have each three tiers of pipes1 the central tower two tiers1 seven pipes in the lower1 and nine in the upper4 ,the angular towers have also two tiers1 seven below and eleven above4 ,the outer towers have seven pipes each4 ,the ,choir ,organ has a central tower of seven pipes1 with a flat on each side1 containing two tiers of pipes1 ten in each2 then an angular tower of seven pipes1 with half circles of ten pipes for a finish1 above which are white recumbent figures4 ,on the north side of the ,church is a little organ closed with shutters1 on which musical instruments are painted4 #ahgb4 ,illustration3 ,,oude ,,kerk ,,amsterdam4 #be,,th4 ,,sept,r4 #ahgb4 ,,delft4 ,,nieuwe ,,kerk4--,a large organ at the west end1 with a ,choir ,organ in front1 said to have a very fine tone4 ,the case is painted a light bright pink1 and is very tasteless4 #ahgb4 ,,oude ,,kerk4--,at the west end is a large organ1 with its ,choir in front4 ,both have three towers1 the largest in the centre4 ,the pipes have gilt mouths1 and the case is painted light salmon colour4 ,it is a very similar design to the organ in the ,nieuwe ,kerk4 #ahgb4 ,,gouda4 ,,janskerk 7,st4 ,john's74--,a fine organ with its ,choir in front1 painted a cold dark brown colour1 stands in a marble gallery1 at the west end of the ,church4 ,it is surrounded by a plaster curtain or mantle1 coloured blue1 with a dull red lining4 ,it has three towers2 the largest in the centre has seven pipes1 and is crowned with two angels1 one of whom plays on a harp4 ,on each side of the centre tower is a flat1 with angels over them1 the one playing a flute1 the other a triangle2 beyond which are angular compartments1 joining the two outer towers1 which are surmounted by angels bearing trumpets4 ,under the pipe-work stands coats-of-arms1 blazoned and gilded4 ,the front of the organ1 which curves forward1 is supported by four ,corinthian columns1 with gilt capitals4 ,the centre tower of the ,choir ,organ has nine pipes1 with a coat-of-arms over1 supported by lions1 on each side of which is a flat of pipes1 beyond which are angular towers and curved ends4 ,a large white and gold bracket supports this portion of the instrument4 ,the balustrade of the gallery is wood-work1 painted of the same colour as the organ1 with coats-of-arms blazoned thereon1 and having a handsome gilded cresting4 ,the mouths of the pipes are gilt1 and there is much gilding about the case1 c4 ,the marbles of the gallery are grey and dove-coloured4 #ahgb4 ,illustration3 ,,jans ,,kerk ,,gouda #ai,,th4 ,,sept,r4 #ahgb4 ,,haarlem4 ,,grootekerk 7,st4 ,bavon74--,this famous organ stands in a marble gallery at the west end of the ,church1 but the effect of its grand case is somewhat marred1 by the ,dutch want of taste1 in the way the case is painted4 ,the wall behind the instrument is painted a glossy black 7the rest of the ,church being whitewashed74 ,the statues1 coats-of-arms1 c41 on the top of the instrument1 are painted bright white1 their bases grey marble1 and the remainder of the case is painted with a light tint of dull pinkish drab4 ,the mouths of the pipes and the carving at their tops and feet1 are all brightly gilt4 ,the support of the ,choir ,organ is bronze1 with a large and two small gilded angels on it4 ,under the gallery is a white marble allegory1 which ,i will not attempt to explain1 and the entire top of the case1 except the outer towers1 is crowned with a mass of carving1 with the arms of the town supported by lions4 ,the central tower consists of two tiers1 the lower of seven1 the upper of nine pipes4 ,on each side is a narrow flat1 divided into five compartments1 the next but one to the top being occupied by a statue playing on a musical instrument1 and the rest filled with small pipes4 ,next are angular towers1 with their pipes arranged in the same mode as the centre1 beyond which is a flat1 containing two tiers of pipes1 above which is a niche with a statue4 ,beyond this are the two outer towers of seven great pipes each1 the feet of which commence at a much lower level than the rest of the pipes1 so that the summit of these towers is not so high as the rest of the instrument4 ,that on the south side is crowned with ,king ,david1 and that on the north with a figure1 but whom it represents ,i never could find out4 ,outside the great tower1 on tall pedestals1 stand angels with trumpets4 ,the ,choir ,organ has its tallest tower of seven pipes in the centre2 a flat of three tiers of pipes on each side2 then an angular tower of seven pipes1 and curved ends4 ,these last are surmounted by sitting figures4 ,the balustrade of the gallery has some elaborate carved open work above it1 and its supporting columns are of some sort of dark marble4 ,the general tone of the instrument is very good1 but the vox humana is bad4 ,the player1 though he could hardly be called first-rate1 was very skilful in showing off the quality of the instrument4 ,all the fittings about the key-board are clumsy2 the black keys are topped with tortoiseshell4 ,the cornices of the towers greatly overhang1 but the flats between being small in proportion to the towers1 and the intricacy of the general forms1 prevent the usual ill effect4 #ahgb4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,bavon ,,haarlem4 #bc,,rd4 ,,sept,r4 #ahgb4 ,,hertogenbosch 7,bois-le-,duc74 ,,st4 ,,janskirk4--,the organ case at the west end of this church is perhaps the finest in ,europe4 ,the oak wood-work is very dark1 and profusely carved1 without any gilding1 and is in a good state of polish4 ,the top of the case from the ground is about one hundred feet4 ,the pipes1 which1 when ,i saw them1 were in very bright condition1 have their mouths gilded4 ,the centre pipes of each tower have a pattern beaten upon their surface1 and are gilt1 with the exception of the lower one on the centre tower1 which is only partially gilt4 ,the centre tower1 which is surmounted by a clock1 under which is the ,dance of ,death1 or some such subject1 has two tiers of pipes1 seven below and eleven above4 ,on each side of this is a flat1 divided into two tiers1 which contain1 in the lower compartment1 what may be called five double pipes1 or perhaps1 more accurately speaking1 it has ten pipes1 with their feet joined together1 the heads of the lower ones standing on the plinth1 and the upper ones in their usual position4 ,i could not see how these pipes were supplied with wind1 and ,i have a strong idea that they are dummies4 ,in the upper part were six double pipes arranged in the same manner1 and above are niches1 figures1 columns1 and pediments4 ,next come two angular towers1 with a lower tier of seven1 and an upper tier of eleven pipes4 ,and to finish the organ1 instead of the great towers1 as at ,haarlem1 are two large flats corbelled out from the sides of the instrument1 containing five large pipes1 and sloping towards the wall behind4 ,these are crowned with fantastic pyramids4 ,the ,choir ,organ in front has over its centre tower1 which contains five pipes1 a figure of ,st4 ,john with his ,eagle1 on each side of which is a flat with seven small pipes1 in its lower compartment1 and in its upper compartment six double pipes1 similar to those in the ,great ,organ4 ,beyond this1 is an angular tower of seven pipes1 with a vase on its summit1 and a small return compartment of pipes1 joining the case to the gallery1 which is of elaborately carved oak1 and supported by two grey stone pillars4 ,i did not hear the instrument1 but was told it was nearly as good as ,haarlem4 #ahgb4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,jan ,,hertogenbosch #bh,,th4 ,,sept,r4 #ahgb4 ,,rotterdam4 ,,grootekerk 7,st4 ,lawrence74--,at the west end stands a very large organ4 ,the centre tower1 which is ninety feet high from the ground1 and is crowned with an angel holding a trumpet1 has two tiers of pipes1 the lower containing fifteen1 and the upper nineteen4 ,on each side is a flat with three tiers of pipes2 then a flat of four tall pipes2 and at each end a tower surmounted with a vase1 containing five pipes1 belonging to the thirty-two feet stop1 and which look very long and thin1 as they have a rather narrow scale4 ,on a bracket1 outside the north tower1 is an angel playing on the lute2 on the south side1 one who plays on the flute4 ,the buffet1 or lower part of the case1 rises in a curve to the centre2 the ,choir ,organ in front1 has its tallest tower in the centre1 surmounted by three angels2 next to which is a flat of two tiers of pipes1 seven in each2 then a flat of four pipes1 and at each end a tower of seven pipes4 ,the organ loft is white1 and supported by eight ,ionic columns1 with bronze capitals1 and the culs-de-lampe of the three towers of the ,choir ,organ are also bronze4 ,the pipes had gilt mouths1 the wood-work was all brown oak1 much carved with festoons of flowers1 and sham curtains for claires-voies4 ,i heard the organ at a week-day evening service1 the tone was good1 but wanting in fulness4 ,i suspect ,i did not hear the full power4 #ahgb4 ,illustration3 ,s,t4 ,,lawrence 7,,groote ,,kerk7 ,,rotterdam4 #ag,,th4 ,,sept4 #ahgb4 ,,utrecht4 ,,the ,,cathedral 7,st4 ,martin74--,the organ stands where the nave of the ,cathedral1 which has fallen down1 commenced1 and beneath it is a pulpit with a square sounding-board4 ,it is a new instrument1 of a light yellow colour1 in modern ,german ,gothic4 ,the great case consists of three equal towers1 of seven pipes each1 the centre surmounted by ,king ,david1 and the others by pinnacles of open-work2 and an open-work gallery joins these together1 beneath which are two flats1 the upper part of which is an elaborate ,gothic window1 the background of dark blue1 with four and twenty pipes in each1 divided by the mullion of the window4 ,the ,choir ,organ consists of a large gable1 of open ,gothic work1 between two pinnacled towers of seven pipes each4 ,in the centre is a sort of ,gothic window1 with two flats of twelve pipes1 and on each side1 a flat with a double tier of pipes1 adjoining the towers4 ,a gallery1 decorated with quatre-foils1 connects the two organs4 ,the mouths of the pipes are gilt1 and there is some gilding about the case1 which cannot be called a handsome one1 as it violates all the rules of what a good organ case should be4 #ahgb4 ,,st4 ,,nicolas4--,at the west end is a very curious little old organ1 with a quaint ,choir ,organ in front1 supported by a single square column4 ,it consists of two flat overhanging towers1 with an angular centre tower1 rather taller1 all crowned with ,gothic pinnacle work4 ,the flats joining these towers1 which rise to the centre tower1 have each fourteen pipes1 above which are a set of pipes with two bodies1 two mouths1 and two feet2 in fact two pipes joined together at their feet4 ,i could not see how they could be supplied with wind4 ,the ,choir ,organ in front has three angular towers1 with no flats between them2 the centre1 the tallest1 has seven pipes2 the others have five pipes on their outer side1 and on their inner side pipes similar to those in the upper part of the flats of the ,great ,organ4 ,a small curved compartment on each side1 completes this case4 ,the mouths of the pipes are gilt1 and there is some gilding about the case4 ,it was dusk when ,i saw this organ1 which ,i am sure is worth a careful examination1 as there is much about it that is old and curious4 #ahgb4 ,in the museum of the ,archbishop are some painted shutters belonging to some old organ1 the bass being ,david playing before the ,ark1 and the treble1 ,david playing before ,saul4 #ahgb4 ,,notes ,,on ,,german ,,organs4 ,,coblentz4 ,,st4 ,,castor4--,a west end organ1 with a rather elaborate case1 which has the ,german peculiarity of the ,great ,organ case having1 under the usual pipes1 pipes as of a ,choir ,organ4 ,i imagine this organ was played from the side4 #ahfi4 ,,cologne4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the organ stands in a wooden gallery at the end of the north transept4 ,the case1 which is of a confused design1 is not good2 part of the work is old4 ,the ,choir ,organ pipes show1 after the ,german manner1 in the lower part of the ,great ,organ case4 ,the tone was fair1 but it was not sufficient for the building1 and there was no striking quality about it4 #ahfi4 ,this organ is to be replaced by an enormous instrument1 with at least #ajj registers4 ,,the ,,minorites4--,at the west end stands a large organ1 said to be the best in the city1 and the little ,i heard at vespers was good4 ,the pipes were very dull and dirty4 ,the case1 painted white1 and relieved with gilding1 is very curious4 ,it stands right across the church1 flush with the front of the gallery1 on which it stands4 ,at each end is a projecting tower1 supported by figures1 and containing seven pedal pipes4 ,in the middle of the gallery is the ,choir ,organ1 the centre tower of which is supported by a figure4 ,arches are thrown from this organ to the towers on each side1 on which1 and above the ,choir ,organ1 stands the ,great ,organ case1 a confused mass of angular and round towers1 curved and broken pediments1 c4 ,the player sat under the arch on the north side1 but ,i could not see the precise position of the key-board4 ,the case was broad and shallow1 and stood about one bay clear of the west window1 which was large and handsome4 #ahfi4 ,,frankfort4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,when ,i saw this church1 it was under repair after the fire1 and the only organ in it was a small modern ,gothic instrument1 which was evidently a temporary erection4 #ahfi4 ,,freiburg-,,im-,,bresgau4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the ,great ,organ is a hanging one1 and is pendent above a pillar half way down the north side of the nave4 ,it was built in #aeae1 and repaired in #ahah4 ,it has two flat towers of seven pipes each1 the largest being outside1 with a ,v flat of #bj pipes between1 above which is a statue of the ,virgin and ,child1 with scroll work all gilt4 ,the towers overhang the base on each side4 ,the ,choir ,organ1 which consists of a flat of nine pipes1 between two flat towers of five pipes each1 hangs in front of the organ gallery1 which is a semi-octagon1 with gilt open-work1 and its corbel terminates in an angel playing a trombone4 ,this organ is only played at the great festivals2 the tone is said to be good4 ,showing under the south-east arch of the choir1 is an organ placed on a platform1 which fills up one bay of the south aisle4 ,its date is about #agjj4 ,it has three flat towers of five pipes each1 the smallest in the centre with one pipe in each angle1 so as to make the towers project slightly in front of the two flats1 which contain ten pipes each4 ,on each side of the case is a wooden screen containing a wheel window4 ,the towers are crowned with open ,gothic pinnacles1 and the style is a mixture of ,gothic and ,renaissance4 ,the organ gallery has open wood work about it4 ,three bellows stand in a loft on a level with the organ pipes4 ,the blower stands on a floor level with the organ gallery1 and works the bellows by means of ropes coming through the floor1 as if he were ringing bells4 ,the organ has but one manual1 ,c ,c to f#c fifty-four notes1 and a pedal from ,c ,c ,c to ,d1 fifteen notes4 ,its naturals are black and its sharps white4 ,its contents are3 ,principal #d ,viole de ,gambe #h ,quinte #c ,octave #b ,fagot ,man4 bass #h ,waldfloete disct #h ,octav bass #h ,sub-bass #af ,principal #h ,cornet 7,qy47 #h ,bourdon #h ,floete #d ,mixtur #e ranks #a #b ,draw stops without names4 #c ,the ,nave ,organ in this ,church is a very good specimen of a hanging organ4 #ahfi4 ,illustration3 ,,freiburg ,,im ,,bresgau #ba,,st4 ,,sept,r4 #ahfi4 ,,st4 ----4--,a ,church 7near the statue of ,schwartz7 the name of which ,i omitted to learn4 ,at the west end in a very deep gallery1 supported by many columns1 is an organ of brown wood1 in the ,teutonic taste of the seventeenth century4 ,it has a large centre tower1 with a small flat of little pipes on each side2 then a painted tower1 beyond which is a wing of pipes1 looking like the open shutter of a tryptich1 the largest pipe being outside4 ,the ,choir ,organ1 which stands well away from the great case1 has three towers1 the least in the centre1 with flats between4 ,all the ornaments are painted white1 and the pipes stand their natural heights1 with carved work so fitted as to stand clear of them4 ,the irregular effect is peculiar4 #ahfi4 ,,innsbruck4 ,,hofkirche4--,in the ,silver ,chapel is an organ said to have belonged to ,philippina1 who died in #aehj4 ,it is a curious old instrument1 with a montre of cedar1 and all the work is very rough and clumsy4 #ahee4 ,,the ,,jesuits' ,,church4--,at the west end stands an organ in a heavily designed case1 painted white1 with a very small ,choir before it1 not higher than the front of the gallery4 ,in the centre of the ,great ,organ is a fanciful arrangement of pipes1 forming a perspective4 ,i may mention that this ,church has its flat roof painted so as to represent three domes1 a clever deception on first entering the ,church4 ,in the ,tyrol flat towers with seven pipes are common4 #ahee4 ,,magdeburg4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,at the west end is an organ having plain metal pipes1 and decorated with much bad modern ,gothic work4 #ahfc4 ,,mayence4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,in the north gallery of the western transept1 stands a small organ of last century work4 ,it has two fronts1 the chief looking towards the west1 and the other to the north4 ,the case1 which is white1 has much ornament about it4 ,as the ,cathedral was under repair at the time ,i saw it1 there may be some larger instrument in it which ,i did not see4 #ahfi4 ,,munich4 ,,the ,,jesuits' ,,church4--,the only note ,i took of the organ was that it had a very low ,choir ,organ1 not higher than the front of the gallery4 #ahfc4 ,,prague4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the organ at the west end is very much divided4 ,in the lowest gallery stands a sort of ,choir ,organ1 above which in another gallery stands a still smaller case1 and again1 above this1 is the ,great ,organ1 which is a divided one4 ,on the right of the entrance1 in a small side chapel1 is the rudest organ ,i have yet met with4 ,it is closed with shutters1 and a sort of screen of wood pipes stands behind the player4 #ahfc4 ,,the ,,monastery ,,of ,,strahow4--,the organ stands at the west end of the ,church1 and another at the north side of the choir1 to match which on the south side is a painting of a similar organ4 #ahfc4 ,,schwarz4 ,,pfarrkirche4--,this is a curious double ,church1 with two naves and chancels1 standing side by side4 ,the organ stands at the west end1 and the ,choir ,organ in front goes round the pillar common to both naves4 #ahfc4 ,,notes ,,on ,,swiss ,,organs4 ,,berne4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the organ stands at the west end4 ,it was originally built in #agbg1 and was repaired and greatly enlarged in #ahdg by ,f4 ,hass4 ,it contains fifty-six stops and has four rows of keys4 ,i did not like the tone of the instrument1 it was loud and hard1 the reeds and mixtures too prominent1 the trumpet stops but ordinary1 and the vox humana bad4 ,the organ was played well by the organist1 who gave us but a short exhibition of his skill4 ,the old case is retained1 and consists of five towers of seven pipes each1 separated by flats of four pipes each4 ,the largest tower is in the centre1 surmounted with a large vase and many carved flowers4 ,the next towers in size are at the extremity of the instrument1 surmounted by angels playing on musical instruments4 ,the least towers stand in the centre of the intermediate spaces1 surmounted by large vases and carvings of musical instruments4 ,the gallery in which it stands is modern ,gothic4 #ahfc4 ,,coire4 ,,the ,,dom 7,st4 ,lucius74--,at the west end is an organ1 erected in #ahae1 containing thirteen stops1 one manual1 and a pedal4 ,the case is painted brown1 picked out with green1 and is certainly ugly4 ,it stands before a plain round-headed window1 and may be called a divided organ4 ,at each end of the case is a compartment with an ogee top1 containing seven pipes1 next to which is a compartment with a curvilinear top and fourteen pipes1 leaving the centre of the organ above the impost clear for about the width of the window1 except for a small frame1 with double ogee top1 containing a single row of small pipes4 ,on the north side of the case are posted wooden trumpet tubes1 and the tubes of a similar stop appear over the smaller case on the north side4 ,the bellows are in a chamber on the north side of the organ1 and a wooden tube brings the wind down to it4 ,i was told that behind the high altar was a very old small organ1 but ,i could not see it as the ,church was under repair4 #ahfi4 ,,freiburg4 ,,st4 ,,nicolas4--,this famous organ stands in a modern ,gothic gallery at the west end of the ,church4 ,the outline of the case 7which is also modern ,gothic7 is a large gable1 having in the centre a tall tower1 with two tiers of seven pipes each4 ,the compartments on each side of this have each two tiers of pipes1 between which is wood work1 containing a rose of ,gothic tracery4 ,beyond this is a tall tower of five pipes1 then a flat of tall pipes1 and the organ terminates at each end with a tower of five pipes4 ,all the work is crowned with pinnacles and tabernacle work1 the wood-work is pale oak1 with gilding about it4 ,although intended to be a handsome case ,i do not quite like it4 ,the tone of the organ is good1 especially the echo1 and the vox humana has a great renown4 #ahfh4 ,,geneva4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the ,great ,organ1 at the west end of the building1 has a modern ,gothic case1 with five towers1 the largest in the centre1 and the least at the ends4 ,it is not handsome4 ,this organ was built by ,merklin and ,schulse1 of ,brussels and ,paris4 ,it has forty-six stops1 three manuals1 and pedal4 ,its quality was loud1 and wanting in diapason tone4 ,the reeds are monotonous1 and the vox humana bad4 ,the organist was a pupil of the late ,herr ,vogt1 the organist at ,freiburg1 who was one of the best of ,european organists4 #ahfh4 ,,the ,,english ,,church has1 in its west gallery1 a poor-toned organ1 in a dingy-coloured ,gothic case1 consisting of three towers1 the largest in the centre1 separated by flats1 with two tiers of pipes4 #ahfh4 ,,the ,,great ,,st4 ,,bernard4 ,,the ,,hospice4--,the organ1 which stands at the west end1 appears to have been brought forward1 as the colour of the wood-work at the side shows1 the front panels looking older than those behind4 ,the bellows stand in a high box on the north side of the instrument1 and are dated #ahab1 which ,i fancy must mean the date of some reparation1 as the case looks older4 ,the front consists of three flat towers1 of five pipes each1 with flats between4 ,on the centre tower1 which is the tallest1 is a standing figure1 and above the side towers are seated figures4 ,it has black naturals1 and the sharps have an ivory line down them4 ,the key-board has four octaves and two notes1 ,c ,c to ,d1 no lower1 ,c ,c4 ,the pedal-board is one octave and four notes1 ,c ,c ,c to ,e1 no lower1 ,c ,c ,c1 with an iron bar for a rest over them4 ,when ,i heard the organ it was much out of order1 and the wind was leaky4 ,the full organ tone was still good4 ,,contents4 ,prestant4 ,bourdo'4 ,nasard4 ,viole4 ,tierce4 ,tromp4 ,basse4 ,cornet4 ,flute4 ,doublet4 ,viole4 ,tromp4 ,clarion4 ,trembt4 ,the gallery which holds the above is supported by pillars1 and the paintings in the compartments1 beginning from the left1 are a ,pot of ,lilies1 a ,pelican and her ,piety1 ,king ,david1 ,instruments of ,music 7this is the centre compartment71 ,st4 ,cecilia1 a ,burning ,cloud and a ,pot of ,lilies4 #ahfh4 ,,lucerne4 ,,hofkirche1 ,,church ,,of ,,st4 ,,leodegar 7,st4 ,leger74--,the fine old organ of this ,church stands at the west end1 and was greatly added to and repaired1 by ,m4 ,hass1 who lives close to the ,church1 and who completed his work in #ahfb4 ,it now contains seventy sounding stops1 all of which are throughout1 none of the metal stops having the lowest octave in wood1 nor are closed pipes used instead of open4 ,there are four manuals and a pedal4 ,the case consists of five compartments4 ,the centre1 which is by far the largest1 holds the five lower pipes 7of pure tin7 of the thirty-two foot open1 which have very short feet4 ,on each side of this1 is a compartment of nine pipes with very long feet4 ,the outer flats have nine good-sized pipes1 with feet of average length4 ,these two last compartments stand at an angle with the other three compartments4 ,all the pipe-work is bright tin2 the wood-work brown oak1 with a quantity of fantastic carving4 ,there is a peculiar look about this front1 it is a ,screen1 not a case to the organ4 ,the ,great ,organ has a good tone1 the old tone1 without the bray of the reeds1 which one so often gets in modern instruments4 ,the imitation of thunder is fair1 the full power of the organ good1 the trumpets telling well1 without being overpowering4 ,the vox humana was very good3 8,quelle soprano60 exclaimed a ,french lady behind me1 as the organist was showing it off4 ,when the swell of the vox humana is closed1 and the tremulant drawn1 it makes an excellent vox angelica1 very soft and good1 but trembling a little too much1 and the tone is so hushed1 that people must be very quiet in the ,church to hear it4 ,the organist1 when ,i heard this instrument1 was a showy player1 but he accompanied the ,mass in a very efficient manner1 and with great judgment4 ,a fugue he played at the end of the service had only one fault1 that was1 its shortness4 #ahfc1 #ahfi4 ,,the ,,english ,,church has a modern ,gothic organ at its west end4 ,at each end of the case is a tall tower1 of seven pipes1 with pinnacles of open work4 ,next is a gabled compartment1 and the centre consists of two flats1 having a horizontal cornice4 ,much tawdry gilt-work is spread about the case4 ,the ,choir ,organ has three compartments1 with a flat cornice and much gilded carvings4 ,i expect this case is a sham1 and is merely a buffet for the keys1 as on the top of it was a music-desk1 and the player sat with his back to the ,great ,organ4 ,i did not like the tone of the instrument1 which was but fair4 #ahfi4 ,,notes ,,on ,,italian ,,organs4 ,,bellaggio4 ,,private ,,chapel ,,of ,,villa ,,melzi4--,just inside the chapel1 is a 8grinder0 with four or five stops1 in a cabinet case4 #ahfi4 ,,chiavenna4 ,,san ,,lorenzo4--,at the west end is an organ of pale-coloured varnished wood1 with gilt ornaments4 ,it consists of a round arched centre1 with flat wings4 ,the gallery in which it stands1 is level with the capitals of the nave arches1 and is carried out on each side as far as the first pillars1 making two excellent side galleries for a divided choir4 #ahfi4 ,,como4 ,,the ,,cathedral4--,the two organs stand under the eastern arches of the nave1 in galleries1 which stand on elliptical arches1 borne on four columns4 ,their cases1 the whole of which are gilt and burnished1 consist of two ,corinthian or composite columns1 bearing a broken pediment4 ,the pipe-work is covered with a blue curtain4 ,a statue of the ,virgin forms the centre ornament of the north organ1 and on the southern instrument is one of a bishop4 ,the back of this latter instrument has a ,renaissance screen1 of curious lattice-work1 brightly gilt4 ,that of the north organ is simply plain wood4 ,there are seats and music desks in the gallery in the front of each organ for the choristers4 ,for antiphonal music1 nothing can be better than the arrangement of these instruments4 ,the position at ,milan is good1 but this is preferable4 #ahfi4 ,,isola ,,bella4 ,,in ,,the ,,church 7not in the ,chapel of the ,palace71 in a gallery at the west end1 stands an organ1 in a white painted case1 picked out with colour1 consisting of merely two pilasters1 supporting a low pediment4 ,the pipes1 which looked quite new1 are bright tin1 the tallest standing in the centre1 and the smallest half-way between the centre and the sides of the case1 against which stand tall pipes1 so that the arrangement is somewhat like a ,w4 ,the pipes show their real heights1 their tops all being below the top of the case1 without any bad effect from want of symmetry2 if anything1 the effect is good4 ,some wood bourdons1 standing outside the instrument on each side1 show that at some time or other additions have been made to it4 ,i may mention that it is common in ,italy for the pipes to show their real heights1 and for the montre to be covered with curtains or blinds1 or sometimes with pictures1 when the instrument is not in use4 #ahfi4 ,,madonna ,,di ,,tirano4 ,,il ,,santuario4--,an organ with a very fine case1 well carved on both sides1 stands across the transept1 the montre covered by a large picture4 ,,milan4 ,,il ,,duomo 7the ,cathedral74--,on each side of the choir stand two fine organs1 externally both alike2 the back and front of each is very similar1 the latter having more ornaments4 ,their bases on the choir side1 are faced with dark wood1 that facing the aisle is marble4 ,their montres are closed with painted shutters1 their choir front has two ,corinthian or composite columns1 with a flat entablature4 ,the front towards the aisle1 has similar columns1 and a broken carved pediment4 ,each organ is surmounted with a circular temple1 with statues in the niches1 and covered with a dome1 with a statue on its summit4 ,all the work about the instrument is gilt1 the pipes are left their natural colour and their correct heights1 and their tops do not reach the carved work among which they stand4 ,the five largest are arranged in the centre1 and the compartment on each side of these has two tiers1 with nine pipes each4 ,beyond them is an outer compartment of five pipes4 ,i did not think the quality of these instruments so good as ,mr4 ,hopkins states them to be in his work on 8,the ,organ40 ,the quality of the northern organ was sweet1 but lacking in power4 ,the voicing of the flute was very good4 ,the vox humana 7said to be a flute stop1 as reeds are not permitted by the ,ambrosian rite7 was very suggestive1 and had a peculiar intonation1 which was very pleasant1 although not a good imitation of the human voice4 ,the player's style was very operatic1 and the singing resembled the old ,madrigal style4 ,i like the full tone of the southern organ1 rather better than that of the northern one4 ,it was weak for the large building in which it stands1 and more diapason and pedal work was much wanted4 ,i did not hear the solo stops of this organ1 but there was 8the old tone0 in the instrument1 which was pleasant to hear4 #ahfi4 ,,san ,,ambrogio4--,the organ has a long low case of several compartments painted white1 and the montre is covered with dark blue curtains4 ,it stands close to the dome1 over the south transept1 in what was originally the women's gallery4 #ahfi4 ,,san ,,giovanni ,,in ,,lateran4--,the organ in a case1 consisting of two pilasters with entablature over a round arch1 with a curtain concealing the pipes1 stands at the west end of the ,church4 #ahfi4 ,,san ,,lorenzo4--,an octagon church1 has in the gallery on its south-east side a small organ in a white and gold case1 consisting of a round arched centre1 and two flat sides1 looking somewhat like a handsome wardrobe4 ,green curtains covered the pipes4 ,in a rather large chapel attached to this ,church1 stood a grand pianoforte1 an old instrument1 but evidently still in use4 ,this is the only place in which ,i ever recollect seeing a piano in a church4 #ahfi4 ,,santa ,,maria ,,delle ,,grazie4--,this ,church has a dome in its centre1 the base of which expands into a square1 on the east side of which1 right and left of the choir1 two similar organs stand in galleries1 having much gilding4 ,the cases1 which are of dark wood1 have flat tops1 bearing two angels with trumpets1 and raised carved work in the centre4 ,the pipes were covered with a curtain1 and the ornaments in the front and sides of the cases were gilt4 #ahfi4 ,,santa ,,maria ,,podone4--,this little old ,church has in a painted gallery at its west end1 an organ in a square case1 with a curtain1 as usual1 drawn over the pipes4 #ahfi4 ,,san ----1 7in the ,via di ,giadini71 has at its west end1 standing in a rococo gallery1 an organ of the same style1 in a polished1 and much gilded brown case1 which is either new1 or else lately done up4 ,the pipes are covered with curtains1 and the design of the case consists of three compartments1 the outer ones having round arches4 ,the central compartment is surmounted by a confusion of curved lines1 having the appearance of a drawing-room looking-glass1 slightly overdone with ornament4 #ahfi4 ,,conclusion4 ,i have now given to my readers the full substance of all the notes ,i have made on the various organs ,i have seen1 and regret that they were not all taken so systematically as ,i could have wished1 for when ,i began them1 they were simply memoranda1 to assist my own recollection1 and ,i had no intention of ever publishing them4 ,but as my note book kept filling with accounts of organs1 and my portfolio with sketches1 ,i could but feel that ,i should like others to have the use of the information ,i had accumulated4 ,my descriptions are simply taken from what ,i saw1 and not extracts from books1 or the accounts of friends1 and the sketches have all been made on the spot1 no doubt with some errors1 but still the evidence of an eye-witness is better than second-hand information1 gathered from sources that may be sometimes inaccurate1 and1 being copied over and over again1 come to be handed down as facts4 ,should this little work in any way tend towards the improvement of ,,the ,,organ1 ,i shall be amply repaid for the time and trouble spent upon it4 ,transcriber's ,notes ,punctuation1 hyphenation1 and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book2 otherwise they were not changed4 ,simple typographical errors were corrected2 unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious1 and otherwise left unbalanced4 ,the ,frontispiece is in its original position4 ,the other illustrations have been moved to immediately follow their descriptive notes4 ,in the ,list of ,illustrations1 the page numbers #bb-bd were unreadable and the page numbers #be-bg were printed incorrectly as #bh-bi4 ,transcriber has corrected both of these errors4 ,in versions of this e,book that support hyperlinks1 the page references lead to the corresponding illustrations2 the visible numbers are just ranges4 ,inconsistent punctuation in the captions of illustrations has been retained4 ,the index near the beginning of the book was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references4 ,the caption 8,,st4 ,,wolfram--,,abbesville0 was spelled as 8,,st4 ,,wolpam-,,abbesville0 in the original book1 and has been changed here to be consistent with the spelling of that name in the rest of the book4