,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,italic text is    
enclos$ 9 und]scores4  ,additional notes
 w be f\nd ne> ! end ( ?is ebook4       
,,( ,,yankee ,,granite              ,an 
,acc\nt ( ! ,build+ ( ,bunk] ,hill      
,monum5t                                
,by ,e4 ,h4 ,,cam]on                    
,illu/ration                    ,) a    
,=eword by ,john ,silsbee ,lawr5ce      
,,bo/on                        ,bunk]   
,hill ,monum5t ,association             
#aiec          ,copyright$ #aieb by !   
,alumni ,association ( ! ,massa*usetts  
,in/itute ( ,te*nology & repr9t$ #aiec  
by _! p]mission4          ,,=eword      
,_h ! ,briti% bullet t w5t ?r\gh ! hat (
 ,major ,samuel  ,lawr5ce ( ,groton ne> 
,bunk] ,hill on #ag ,june #agge be5 aim$
 a bit  l[]1 "s ?\s& desc5dants ( ,major
 ,lawr5ce w\ld n h be5  born & ,i %\ld n
 n[ h 8 dispat* wallet1 nor 8 lett]     
expla9+ ! battle & m5tion+ ,g5]al       
,de>born1 my fir/ wife's  ance/or4 ,!   
,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t might n h be5     
built2 !  ,massa*usetts ,hospital ,life 

,insurance ,company might n h be5       
develop$2 v>i\s *>itable in/itutions    
might n h _h adequate  f9ancial support 
& ! dams at ,wal?am1 ,l[ell & ,lawr5ce  
might  n h be5 con/ruct$ to provide !   
p[] to op]ate textile  mills4 ,john     
,br[n might n h be5 s5t by ! ,emigrant  
,aid ,society  ( ,bo/on to ,kansas1 :]e 
he call$ 8 camp ,lawr5ce1 n[ "o ( !     
fl\ri%+ cities ( ,kansas4 ,_h ,major    
,lawr5ce be5 kill$ we %\ld  n h _h a    
,lawr5ce z ,mayor ( ,l[ell1 or z        
,ambassador to !  ,c\rt ( ,/4 ,james4   
,two ,bi%ops ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1 a    
,presid5t (  ,h>v>d ,college1 ! pres5t  
,s5ator ,salton/all1 & _m "y m5  & wom5 
n[ actively int]e/$ 9 ! problems ( our  
nation might  nev] h be5 born & ,i %\ld 
n h qualifi$ = memb]%ip 9  ! ,society ( 
! ,c9c9nati4    ,f reflect+ ^u ! bullet 
t came s close to dispos+ (  ,major     
,samuel ,lawr5ce at ,bunk] ,hill ,i 0 l$
 to ! hi/ory (  ! monum5t commemorat+ ! 
battle1 9 ! build+ ( :i* 8  son--& my   
great-gr&fa!r--,amos ,lawr5ce took a    

lead+ "p4  ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t     
,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t1 b ! spl5did      
article by ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,cam]on 9 ,!    
,te*nology ,review = ,may #aieb  & ,june
 #aieb summ>iz$ its hi/ory s well t ,i 0
 anxi\s  to h x available 9 m p]man5t   
=m4 ,mr4 ,cam]on & !  editors ( ,!      
,te*nology ,review v k9dly gave         
p]mission =  ?is repr9t1 & ,mr4 ,walt]  
,muir ,:itehill1 ,director & ,libr>ian  
( ! ,bo/on ,a!num1 has se5 ! pamphlet   
?r\gh ! press4 ,mr4  ,:itehill has also 
select$ ! illu/rations1 & has includ$ 9 
!m a hi!rto unpubli%$ draw+1 own$ by !  
,bo/on ,a!num1 (  ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t 
"u con/ruction 9 #ahcg4 ,?is 0 obvi\sly 
!  s\rce = ! some:at inaccurate wood    
engrav+ publi%$ 9 ,!  ,am]ican ,magaz9e 
( ,useful & ,ent]ta9+ ,k1 ,,iii 7#ahci71
  #djd & subsequ5tly reproduc$ 9 lat]   
acc\nts ( ! monum5t4  ,! illu/rations   
include portraits ( ! two l>ge/         
individual  contributors to ! build+ ( !
 monum5t--,amos ,lawr5ce & ,judah       
,t\ro1 ! ,jewi% m]*ant ( ,newport1      

,rhode ,isl&4 ,i am grateful  to !      
,massa*usetts ,hospital ,life ,insurance
 ,company & ! ,r$wood  ,libr>y & ,a!num 
( ,newport = furni%+ photographs ( ^!   
portraits & p]mitt+ _! reproduction1 &  
to ,mr4 ,t4 ,temple ,pond1  ,presid5t ( 
! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t ,association1 = 
all[+ ?is  repr9t to be publi%$ by !    
,association4                           
,,john ,s4 ,,lawr5ce          ,,(       
,,yankee ,,granite          ,,prologue  
,on ,saturday1 #ag ,june #agge1 on a    
=tifi$ hilltop f>m ne>      ,bunk]'s    
,hill1 ,*>le/[n1 ,mass41 a volunte] =ce 
( ,am]ican      citiz5s fac$ !          
pr(essional soldi]y ( ! _w's /ronge/    
nation4 ,:5 _! scant supply ( ammunition
 gave out1 !      survivors retir$ 9    
good ord]1 to le>n lat] t #adj ( _!     
neighbors & o!r companions _h be5 kill$ 
9 ! fight4 ,_!      battle is !re=e     
regi/]$ z an ,am]ican defeat4 ,x prov$  
to be a /rik+ victory1 h[ev]1 =         
hi/orians agree t !      ,battle (      
,bunk] ,hill set ! pace t l$ to ultimate

 victory 9      ! ,am]ican ,w> (        
,indep5d5ce4 ,?is little =ce ( f>m]s1   
me*anics1 tradesm51 & pr(essional m5 _h 
demon/rat$ h[      ,am]icans %\ld fight1
 :5 _! indep5d5ce is ?reat5$4        ,on
 ! field :]e ! battle 0 f\ght1 ! ,bunk] 
,hill ,monum5t      has n[ /ood = ov] a 
c5tury1 ! rugg$ l9es ( its granite      
masonry symboliz+ ! endur+ /r5g? ( ! /]n
 _s (      ,am]ican indep5d5ce t x      
commemorates4      ,ab\t #dj ye>s aft] !
 ,battle ( ,bunk] ,hill1 all ,new ,engl&
 0  deeply /irr$ by a pamphlet publi%$  
by ,major ,g5]al ,h5ry ,de>born  :o _h  
tak5 "p 9 ! engagem5t4 ,! pamphlet      
accus$ ,g5]al  ,israel ,putnam1 "o ( !  
mo/ rev]$ ( ! ,revolution>y h]oes1  (   
incapacity & c[>dice 9 ! battle4        
,!reupon1 ! ,battle (  ,bunk] ,hill 0   
f\ght ov] & ov] aga91 at ! :>ves1 sail  
l(ts  & ropewalks ( ,bo/on1 & 9 all     
places :]e m5 ga!r$ to "w  & to talk    
ab\t ! ev5ts ( ! day4 ,cr[d$ n9e inside 
& five  on top ( ! jolt+ f\r-9-h&       
/agecoa*es f ,bo/on1 fri5ds  & foes ( ! 

popul> ,revolution>y h]o w\ld wrangle   
ov] 8  conduct at ! battle4 ,x w\ld be a
 long argum5t1 at five miles p]  h\r1 ) 
little room = ge/ures4 ,) tank>ds 9 h&1 
by !  w>m fireplace 9 ! l[-ceil+$ tav]n 
( ! village :]e !  coa* w\ld /op = !    
night1 ! pass5g]s c\ld express _!       
convictions m =cefully1 & ! ,battle (   
,bunk] ,hill w\ld  become a v live topic
 inde$4 ,! furor ov] ! ,putnam-,de>born 
controv]sy became second>y1 h[ev]1 z !  
bald fact 0 realiz$  t1 aside f a small 
wood5 column1 no memorial exi/$ on !    
site  ( "o ( ! mo/ fam\s milit>y        
engagem5ts ( ,am]ican hi/ory4    ,9 !   
good ,yankee fa%ion a gr\p ( prom95t    
citiz5s conf]r$  ov] _! ,madeira w9e &  
c(fee on ways to correct ?is humiliat+  
situation1 & 9 ! ye> #ahbc1 ^! m5 =m$ ! 
,bunk] ,hill  ,monum5t ,association1 to 
solicit private contributions suffici5t 
to  build a monum5t on ,bre$'s ,hill1   
:]e ! battle _h be5 f\ght1 9  ! t[n (   
,*>le/[n1 n[ a "p ( ! city ( ,bo/on1    
,mass4#a          #a ,f ! />t1 ! site ( 

! battle seems to h be5            call$
 ,bunk] ,hill1 al?\gh x 0 actually f\ght
 on            ,bre$'s ,hill4 ,!        
probable reason = ?is inaccuracy        
is t ,bunk]'s ,hill 0 !n #aaj feet high1
 & !            adjac5t #fb-;foot-high  
,bre$'s ,hill 0 consid]$ only           
a spur ( ! high] summit4 ,c]ta9ly1 a    
contempor>y            ,briti% milit>y  
map is entitl$1 8,a ,plan ( ! ,action   
at ,bunk]'s ,hill40    ,unlike !        
,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 :i* _h to be complet$
 by gov]nm5t  funds1 ! ,bunk] ,hill     
,monum5t 0 f9anc$ practically :olly  by 
private means4 ,our indep5d5t ance/ors  
did n c\nt mu* on  gov]nm5t aid 9 !     
build+ ( a memorial to relatives or     
neighbors  :o _h di$ 9 ! battle2 su*    
monum5ts 7 p]sonal matt]s4 ,(  ! total  
collect$ am\nt ( ab\t #acd1jjj1 only    
#g1jjj--;a grant  f ! ,commonweal? (    
,massa*usetts--came f o!r ?an private   
contributions4 7,! am\nt rais$ to build 
! monum5t is r\ghly  equival5t to       
#a1jjj1jjj 9 mod]n money47 ,aside f two 

donations (  #aj1jjj ea*1 ! individual  
gifts rang$ f a few at #a1jjj to _m  at 
#j4be ea*4 ,naturally1 su* a s*eme (    
f9anc+ took a long "t1  & #ah ye>s      
elaps$ be=e ! monum5t 0 d$icat$4 ,at a  
critical  p]iod1 ! ,massa*usetts        
,*>itable ,me*anics ,association1 />t$  
by ,paul ,rev]e & o!rs1 ye>s e>li]1 jo9$
 ) ! ,bunk] ,hill  ,monum5t ,association
 to raise funds & help direct op]ations4
 ,at a  /ill m critical p]iod1 ! wom5 ( 
,new ,engl& held a fair :i*  br\ght 9   
ov] #cj1jjj1 & ! completion ( ! monum5t 
0 assur$4    ,surely1 ! record ( no o!r 
national memorial provides su* a true   
cross section ( ,am]ican democracy z    
exhibit$ 9 ! ro/] ( !  ri*1 ^? ( mod]ate
 means1 & ! poor b indep5d5t citiz5s  ^:
 contributions made possible con/ruction
 ( ! monum5t4    ,! magnitude ( ,am]ican
 /ructures ( ! ye> #ahbe1 :5 !          
corn]/one ( ! monum5t 0 laid1 0 l>gely  
limit$ by !  physical /r5g? ( ^? :o _h  
to build !m--m51 horses1 &  ox54 ,to    
raise ! huge /ones ( ! monum5t to su*   

dizzy heights  0 a trem5d\s und]tak+ ) !
 crude con/ruction me?ods ( !  day4 ,!  
build]s ( ! monum5t _h mu* to inspire !m
 to devise  bett] me?ods1 h[ev]1 9 !    
examples ( o!r ent]prises 9 ?is  virile 
p]iod ( ,am]ican developm5t4 ,/eam      
navigation _h already  made notable     
progress 9 ,am]ica1 & :ile ! l[] c\rses 
( !  monum5t 7 be+ laid1 ! fir/ /eam    
locomotives began to appe>  on ! "y     
,am]ican railroads4 ,canals1 wat]p[]    
developm5ts1 &  _m new indu/ries 7 be+  
/>t$ 9 ! "y democracy4    ,a great      
contribution ( ! build]s ( ! monum5t to 
! record  ( a*ievem5ts ( ?is p]iod 0 _! 
dem& = granite 9 huge  quantities to    
build x4 ,?is dem& inspir$ ! con/ruction
 ( !  ,granite ,railway at ,qu9cy1      
,mass4--,am]ica's fir/ railroad4    ,!  
/ory ( ! promotion1 design1 &           
con/ruction ( ! monum5t is  !re=e d\bly 
intrigu+4 ,x gives a vivid picture ( !  
/atus (  con/ruction me?ods ( ! p]iod1  
:5 ,am]ica /ood on ! ?re%old  ( ! age ( 
ma*9]y4 ,x also reveals ! _s ( audaci\s 

det]m9ation ( our con/ruction =ebe>s z  
!y develop$ _!  unprec$5t$ processes f  
:i* our pres5t m>vel\sly effici5t       
me?ods ( con/ruction h sprung4 ,! _s ( !
 build]s ( !  monum5t is wor?y ( t ( !  
h]oes ( ! battle1 :i* _!  ma/]piece has 
n[ commemorat$ = ov] a c5tury4      ,!  
,obelisk    ,few mod]n ar*itects1       
eng9e]s1 or contractors are privileg$ to
  "w 9 su* di/+ui%$ company z did       
ar*itect ,solomon ,will>d1  eng9e]s     
,loammi ,baldw9 & ,gridley ,bryant1 &   
contractor ,james  ,sullivan ,savage1 :o
 design$ & built ! obelisk :i* is call$ 
! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t4 ,!y 7 associat$
 ) ,daniel ,web/] &  "y ,edw>d ,ev]ett1 
bo? ( :om lat] became ,secret>y ( ,/ate2
  ) ,?omas ,h&asyd ,p]k9s 7/ill rev]$ 9 
,bo/on z ! man :o  end[$ ! ,p]k9s       
,in/itution = ! ,bl9d71 m]*ant pr9ce (  
,bo/on1 ) ! fam\s arti/s1 ,wa%+ton      
,all/on & ,gilb]t ,/u>t2  & _! monum5t  
foll[$ ! classic l9es ( ! model submitt$
 by  ,horatio ,gre5\gh1 a ,h>v>d /ud5t1 
:o lat] became a not$ ,am]ican          

sculptor4    ,to ! amaz+ly tal5t$       
ar*itects & eng9e]s ( ,egypt1 #ej       
c5turies ago1 ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t   
w\ld h be5 a simple  /ructure to design 
& con/ruct4 ,to ^! anci5t build]s1 x    
w\ld  h appe>$ to be m]ely a some:at    
/ubby %aft1 devoid ( !  beautiful1      
deeply c>v$ hi]oglyphic record :i*      
ornam5t$ _!  own obelisks f base to     
pyramidion 7apex71 & x w\ld be a simple 
?+ to erect4 ,9 fact1 "s w\ld say t !   
monum5t is really n  an obelisk1 = x is 
built ( _m /ones ( a few tons weight    
ea*1  :]eas a s+le /one compos$ a       
typical ,egyptian obelisk4 ,su* /ones   
sometimes weigh$ z mu* z #ejj tons4 ,!y 
7 transport$ hundr$s  ( miles & by "s n[
 unkn[n me?od 7 erect$ to ! v]tical     
position by manual labor4    ,l !       
,egyptians1 ! mod]n eng9e] w\ld also    
call ! monum5t  easy to design & build4 
,today's light1 ?9-wall$ *imneys (      
comp>able height1 pose mu* h>d] problems
 ( /ability aga9/ w9d1  & _! design]s   
feel =tunate :5 a *imney c re/ on z firm

  a f\ndation z ! glacial druml9 soil ( 
,bre$'s ,hill4 ,:y1 !n1  0 ! erection ( 
! monum5t consid]$ su* an unusual feat  
at !  "t8    ,! answ] is obvi\s3 !      
monum5t 0 built 9 ! days ( h&  labor    
supplem5t$ by animal p[]1 & h& labor to 
! indep5d5t  ,bo/on me*anic ( ov] a     
c5tury ago did n mean hundr$s ( slaves  
tugg+ 9 unison to ! drumbeat ( an       
,egyptian tim]1 :ile an  ov]se] crack$ 8
 :ip4 ,& ! build]s _h det]m9$ to        
con/ruct  _! monum5t ( "o ( ! h>de/ (   
build+ /ones--,new ,engl&  granite--9 ! 
use ( :i* !re 0 !n little prec$5t4      
,:5 ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t ,association
 (f]$ a prize ( #ajj  = ! be/ design ( a
 monum5t1 _m plans1 mo/ly ( columns1  7 
submitt$4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,arti/s ( !        
,association 7,daniel  ,web/]1 ,gilb]t  
,/u>t1 ,wa%+ton ,all/on1 ,loammi        
,baldw91 &  ,george ,ticknor71 :o _h to 
pass ^u ! submitt$ designs1 favor$  !   
,gre5\gh model bas$ on an ,egyptian     
obelisk ( anci5t ,!bes4  ,al?\gh !      
directors _h /rongly favor$ a column1 !y

 yield$ to  ! judgm5t ( ! ,bo>d (       
,arti/s & adopt$ ! obelisk design       
in/ead4    ,^u ! adoption ( ! successful
 design1 a committee1 ( :i*  ,loammi    
,baldw9 0 *airman1 0 appo9t$ to 8report 
a design ( an  obelisk40 ,baldw9 0 a    
,h>v>d graduate1 :o _h /udi$ abroad "u  
! patronage ( ,c\nt ,rum=d4#b ,he _h    
become "o ( ,am]ica's mo/  prom95t      
eng9e]s4 ,baldw9 0 responsible = !      
con/ruction (  ! dry docks at ! ,*>le/[n
 & ,norfolk ,navy ,y>ds2 plann$ a  canal
 tunnel 7lat] built z a railroad tunnel7
 ?r\gh ! ,hoosac  ,m\nta92 & 0 active 9 
surveys = an adequate wat] supply =     
,bo/on1 9 ! day :5 ,bo/on p got _! wat] 
f wells4  ,baldw9 & 8 associates on !   
committee fir/ w5t to ! ,bo/on  &       
,roxbury ,milldam 7n[ ,beacon ,/reet71 f
 :i* ! monum5t w\ld  be prom95tly       
visible across ! ,*>les ,riv]4 ,m9iature
 models (  diff]5t dim5sions 7 m\nt$ on 
! ,milldam f5ce & 7 view$  f a def9ite  
di/ance to ! re>4 ,9 ?is highly         
practical mann]1  ! size ( ! mo/ /rik+  

monum5t on di/ant ,bunk] ,hill 0        
det]m9$4          #b ,! fam\s sci5ti/1  
,b5jam9 ,?ompson1 ( ,woburn1            
,mass41 :o lat] became an ,engli%       
citiz51 & :o            e/abli%$ ! fact 
t heat is a =m ( motion4    ,! ,baldw9  
,report on ! design ( ! ,bunk] ,hill    
,monum5t1  describ$ z neatly h&writt51 0
 "o ( ! valuable docum5ts  9 ! lit]ature
 ( e>ly ,am]ican eng9e]+ hi/ory4 ,x     
ranks  ) ! 8,private ,canal ,j\rnal0 (  
,de,witt ,cl9ton1#c :o promot$  ! ,erie 
,canal2 ! report on ,am]ican railroad   
/&>ds ( #ajj  ye>s ago by ,capta9 7lat] 
,g5]al7 ,george ,b4 ,mc,clellan ( ,civil
 ,w>  fame2 ,roebl+'s report on !       
propos$ ,brooklyn ,bridge2 & simil>     
hi/orical docum5ts t describe ! me?ods f
 :i* ! pres5t  processes ( promotion &  
con/ruction h sprung4          #c       
,william ,w4 ,campbell1 ,life & ,writ+s 
( ,de,witt            ,cl9ton 7,new     
,york3 ,bak] & ,scribn]1 #ahdi74    ,z  
%[n 9 ! table ( dim5sions :i* foll[s1 ! 
monum5t1 almo/  exactly1 is built to !  

dim5sions ( ! ,baldw9 ,report1#d :i* 0  
influ5c$ by ! ,gre5\gh model4           
,height1 above gr\nd                    
#bbj ft4    ,sides ( monum5t1 at gr\nd  
level                     #cj ft4       
,sides ( monum5t1 at base ( apex        
#ae ft4    ,height ( apex               
#ab ft4    ,m9imum wall ?ickness1 at    
base                         #f ft4     
,diamet] ( circul> int]ior1 at base     
#ah ft4    ,height ( masonry elem5ts3   
#gh ma9 c\rses1 ea* ) height (          
#b ft41 #h 94         #e c\rses 9 apex1 
ea* ) height (      #a ft41 #h 94       
,height ( cap/one                       
#c ft41 #f 94          #d ,measurem5ts  
giv5 above h be5 tak5 f3 ,baldw9        
,report 7#ahbe7--,loammi ,baldw92 ,plans
 & ,sections (            ! ,obelisk on 
,bunk]'s ,hill 7#ahdc7--,solomon        
,will>d2            ,hi/ory ( ! ,battle 
( ,bunk]'s 7,bre$'s7 ,hill              
7#ahge7--;,george ,e4 ,ellis4           
,data f old records d n always *eck     
mod]n            measurem5ts4 ,=        

example1 a mod]n ref]5ce gives !        
height ( ! monum5t z #bba feet4         
,illu/ration3 ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t "u  
con/ruction 9 #ahcg    ,reproduc$ f a   
hi!rto unpubli%$ draw+ 9 ! ,bo/on ,a!num
    ,illu/ration3 ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t 
z propos$    ,reproduc$ f an #ahcd      
c]tificate ( memb]%ip ( ! ,bunk] ,hill  
,monum5t ,association 9 ! ,bo/on ,a!num 
,illu/ration3 ,section ( ,bunk] ,hill   
,monum5t    ,reproduc$ f ,solomon       
,will>d1 ,plans & ,sections ( ! ,obelisk
 on  ,bunk]'s ,hill    7,bo/on1 #ahdc71 
,plate ,v    ,z describ$ 9 ! ,baldw9    
,report1 ! circul> w9d+ /aircase is     
compos$ ( granite /eps1 />t+ ) a wid? ( 
ab\t f\r feet &  n>r[+ z ! asc5t is     
made4 ,baldw9 call$ = 8places ( repose0 
7l&+s7 at int]vals4 ,mod]n ar*itects    
call ! "p ar\nd :i*  a circul> /aircase 
w9ds1 ! 8newel40 ,baldw9's newel is a   
hall[  wall1 #aj feet 9 diamet] at !    
base1 ab\t two feet ?ick4    ,?us1 !    
monum5t 0 design$ by an eng9e]1 n an    
ar*itect4  ,baldw9 violat$ a common rule

 = ! proportions ( anci5t ,egyptian     
obelisks1 t ! pyramidion %\ld be z high 
z ! base is wide1  :i* is "o reason :y !
 ,wa%+ton ,monum5t is s beautiful4 ,"o  
regrets t ar*itect ,will>d1 :o pick$ up 
:]e ,baldw9 left (f1  did n see fit to  
modify ! ,baldw9 l9es4 ,!re seems nev]  
to h  be5 any "q z to ! monum5t's       
mat]ial3 granite1 ! native  ,new ,engl& 
/one4 ,al?\gh we admire ! ,bunk] ,hill  
,monum5t = its  somb] /r5g?1 x _c be    
call$ a /ructure ( beauty1 z is !       
light]-t9t$ & f9]-textur$ m>ble ,wa%+ton
 ,monum5t1 ) its  %>p] apex4    ,we c   
also speculate on :y ,baldw9 made !     
monum5t :olly (  granite4 ,at today's   
prices1 ! circul> inn] surface ( ! %aft 
&  ! circul> *imney1 or newel1 ar\nd :i*
 ! /one /aircase w9ds1  w\ld be (       
trem5d\s co/4 ,! dress+ ( ! /one = a    
squ>e  inn] area w\ld be mu* *eap]4     
,be=e criticiz+ ,baldw9 on 8 pond]\s    
/air design1 :i* c\ld  be replac$ by a  
light1 mod]n fire escape1 we %\ld look  
at !  /atus ( ! t9y ,am]ican iron       

indu/ry ( 8 day4 ,! ironma/]s  7 recov]+
 f ! decl9e ( activity 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 
dur+  :i* !y _h lo/ _! ,briti% m>ket4   
,baldw9 w\ld "k t  c]ta9 e>ly railroad  
promot]s e/imat$ t granite tracks m\nt$ 
) iron plates w\ld be less exp5sive ?an 
! ,engli%-roll$ rails1  :i* ! ,am]icans 
c\ld n produce4 ,) masons 9             
,massa*usetts  receiv+ ab\t #j4ah an    
h\r1 granite 0 consid]$ *eap] ?an  iron4
 ,baldw9 !re=e design$ 8 /airway (      
granite1 ) a  massive granite *imney    
8newel0 to support ! inn] ends ( !      
treads4 ,long be=e ! monum5t 0 complet$1
 h[ev]1 a squ>e  /aircase ( ei!r ca/    
iron or wr\ght iron c\ld h be5 produc$1 
economically1 by ,am]ican ironma/]s4 ,x 
0 !n too late to make !  *ange1 h[ev]4  
,at ab\t ! "t ( ! completion ( ! monum5t
 ! fir/  me*anical elevator 0 exhibit$1 
b !re 0 no room = an  elevator at ,bunk]
 ,hill--! newel 0 9 ! way4 ,to climb a  
few score  /eps w\ld be an easy task to 
our /urdy =ebe>s1 & to say t  "o has    
8climb$ ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t0 is a   

boa/ t hundr$s (  ?\s&s ( t\ri/s to     
,bo/on h be5 pr\d to make = ov] #ajj    
ye>s4 ,baldw9 may h be5 "r aga91 z he   
usually 04    ,baldw9 specifi$ t !      
monum5t %\ld be squ>e ) ! compass1  a   
common ,egyptian practice4 ,z built1    
h[ev]1 x is ori5t$ to  fit ! r$\bt      
7s\!a/ corn]7 ( ! battle =tification4   
,/ructurally1 ,baldw9 design$ a s\nd    
f\ndation1 #ab feet deep1 built  ( six  
c\rses ( /one ) no small rubble t might 
det]iorate  ?r\gh ! ye>s4 ,he specifi$ t
 ! />t+ level ( ! base (  ! monum5t %\ld
 be e/abli%$ at ! be/ elevation to avoid
 an  uneconomical di/ribution ( !       
excavat$ e>?2 today we w\ld say  t he   
balanc$ cut & fill4    ,! mod]n build+  
contractor f9ds ! e/imate t w5t ) !     
report bo? practical & qua9t4 ,he w f9d 
t ! digg+ ( !  pit = ! f\ndation ( !    
monum5t 0 figur$ 9 8squ>es10 at  #b4jj  
ea*2 & s9ce a squ>e meant eight cubic   
y>ds1 h& excavation  0 !re=e pric$ at   
#j4be p] cubic y>d4 ,?is price mu/ h    
includ$ ! exp5se ( %or+2 also ! pump+ t 

su* a deep pit  w\ld require4 ,baldw9   
propos$ to dig a deep well on ! site    
7today  call$ a te/ pit71 :i* w\ld n    
only indicate ! adequacy ( !  soil1 b   
w\ld also furni% wat] = con/ruction     
purposes4 ,mu*  wat] w\ld be ne$$ to mix
 ! lime & s& mort> = ! monum5t  z well z
 = ! ,roman cem5t1 = :i* ! e/imat$ #ajj 
casks 7  figur$ at #g4jj ea*4#e         
#e 8,! use ( natural cem5t 0 introduc$  
by ,mr4 ,p>k]1            :o fir/       
discov]$ ! prop]ties ( ! cem5t-/one     
9 ! ,isle ( ,%eppy1 & took out a pat5t =
 ! sale            ( x 9 #agif1 "u ! "n 
( #8,roman ,cem5t4'0--,edw>d            
,dobson1 ,rudim5ts ( ! ,art ( ,build+   
7,london3 ,john            ,weale1      
#ahed74    ,masonry 0 !n e/imat$ 9      
8p]*es10 & by a little ari?metic1  !    
mod]n contractor w le>n t a p]* 0 !n    
equal to #be  cubic feet1 or ne>ly a    
cubic y>d4 ,! #ghd p]*es ( masonry = !  
f\ndation 7 pric$ at #aj p] p]*1 includ+
 8/ones1 hamm]+1  mort>1 lay+1 etc40    
,! report ( ,baldw9 conta9s no          

computations on ! /ructural  /ability ( 
! monum5t4 ,if ! mod]n /ructural design]
 wi%es  to inve/igate h[ ne> ! safe     
limit ! monum5t has be5 te/$  by        
,bo/on's occasional hurricane w9ds1 he  
has available ! major  dim5sions giv5 9 
! ,baldw9 ,report1 & ! draw+s (         
,will>d's  classic ,plans & ,sections ( 
! ,obelisk f :i* to make ?is  simple    
computation4    ,su* computation %[s t !
 monum5t is s heavy t a hurricane  w9d  
has an almo/ imp]ceptible effect on its 
/ability4 ,:5 x  is subject$ to a       
#ajj-mile-p]-h\r w9d1 ! resultant =ce is
  displac$ only a fraction ( a foot f ! 
c5t] ( ! #ej-;foot-wide  f\ndation4 ,!  
maximum load on ! soil is ab\t five tons
 p] squ>e  foot--a safe be>+ load on 8! 
b$ ( clay & gravel :i* composes  ! soil 
( ! ,hill0 z describ$ 9 an old acc\nt4  
,! same acc\nt  speaks ( 8great pa9s    
hav+ be5 us$ 9 loos5+ ! e>?1 & 9  puddl+
 & ramm+ ! /ones40 ,surely1 our         
con/ruction ance/ors  w\ld n h purposely
 di/urb$ ! und]ly+ soil1 9 an attempt   

to improve ^u ! natural be>+ /r5g? ( "o 
( ! firme/  ( f\ndations3 glacial       
h>dpan4 ,l any good build]1 !y 7        
und\bt$ly m]ely puddl+ ) wat] ! e>?     
backfill ar\nd !  complet$ f\ndation4   
,baldw9 knew t granite w\ld n det]iorate
 :5 expos$ to !  alt]nately hot & cold  
temp]atures ( ,bo/on4 ,half a c5tury    
lat]1 ! eng9e]s :o transport$ an        
,egyptian obelisk 7"o ( !  ,cleopatra's 
,ne$les7 to ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york1   
le>n$ t ! lovely  textur$ sy5itic       
granite ( ! ,nile ,valley 0 m>k$ly      
inf]ior to  ,new ,engl& granite 9 wea!r 
resi/ance1 al?\gh x _h kept its  surface
 intact = c5turies 9 ! mild climate (   
,egypt4 ,to protect  ,cleopatra's ,ne$le
 9 ,new ,york1 a p>aff9 coat+ 0 f\nd    
necess>y4    ,baldw9 soon resign$ f !   
build+ committee1 p>tly because  ( !    
press ( o!r "w1 b l>gely 9 prote/ aga9/ 
a clause  :i* made its memb]s1 all ( :om
 freely donat$ _! s]vices1  f9ancially  
responsible = ! e/imate4 ,promptly aft] 
accept+  8 resignation1 ! directors     

revis$ ?is clause4 ,9 review+ !  qua9t  
old me?ods1 ! "q arises3 ,w\ld mod]n    
e/imates be m  accurate if ! consult+   
ar*itects & eng9e]s _h to pay =         
ov]runs8      ,transi5t ,corn]/one      
,on #ag ,june #ahbe1 ! corn]/one ( !    
monum5t 0 laid )  impressive c]emonies4 
,z ! colorful procession m>*$ up ,bunk] 
,hill to ! /irr+ r5dition ( 8,yankee    
,doodle0 by ! drumm] (  ,colonel        
,william ,prescott's regim5t1 :o1 #ej   
ye>s be=e1 _h be5 9  ! battle1 ! re> ( !
 procession 0 j />t+ f di/ant  ,bo/on   
,common4 ,! little ,bo/on ( ov] a c5tury
 ago 0 cr[d$  ) visitors :o _h come f   
places z remote z ,s\? ,c>ol9a by       
/agecoa*1 sail+ vessel1 or on foot1 to  
he> ! great spee* (  ,daniel ,web/]1    
,presid5t ( ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t     
,association1  & ,am]ica's fir/ orator (
 ! day4 ,ye>s e>li]1 ,*apla9 ,joseph    
,?axt] _h paid ! la/ (fices to dy+      
soldi]s 9 ! battle2  n[1 he invok$      
,god's bless+ on ! "y ,am]ican republic1
 z #dj  vet]ans ( ! battle sat 9 a place

 ( honor4    ,! mo/ important visitor1 (
 c\rse1 0 ,g5]al ,lafayette1 :o1  z a   
good ,mason1 spread ! mort> on ! /one :5
 x 0 laid by  ,mo/ ,wor%ipful ,gr& ,ma/]
 ( ! ,gr& ,lodge ( ,massa*usetts1  ,john
 ,abbot4 ,z ! battle's only monum5t up  
to ?is date _h be5  erect$ by ! ,masons1
 x 0 consid]$ appropriate t ! p]man5t   
monum5t %\ld h its corn]/one laid ) !   
,masonic c]emony4  ,a little lat]1 ?is  
proc$ure 0 %>ply criticiz$ dur+ !       
,antimasonic p]iod1 :i* occurr$ be=e !  
monum5t 0 f9i%$4#f          #f ,joseph  
,w>r51 ! out/&+ h]o ( ! battle1 0       
,gr& ,ma/] ( ,freemasons = ,nor?        
,am]ica4    ,_m ( ! spectators knew t ! 
corn]/one records w\ld lat]  h to be    
mov$1 = ! plans ( ! monum5t 7 h>dly     
/>t$4  ,n[1 ! box ) its old newspap]s1  
,cont95tal curr5cy1 & o!r  data is )9 a 
/one at ! monum5t's nor!a/ corn]1 & !   
orig9al corn]/one /&s 9 ! c5t] ( !      
f\ndation4    ,) 8 usual g5]osity1      
,daniel ,web/] pres5t$ ! copyright  ( 8 
fam\s spee* to ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t  

,association4 ,!  copyright 0 sold =    
#fjj1 :i* 0 ! second l>ge/ s+le         
contribution up to t date4      ,!      
,lead+ ,"*    ,solomon ,will>d1 ar*itect
 & sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,bunk] ,hill          
,monum5t1 develop$ ! me?ods = ! qu>ry+1 
dress+1  transport+1 & erect+ ! huge    
/ones ( ! monum5t t />t$  granite on its
 way to becom+ a pr9cipal mat]ial =     
massive  /ructures 9 ,am]ica = half a   
c5tury1 until re9=c$ concrete  took ov]4
 7,today1 granite is us$ ext5sively z a 
protective fac+  = concrete1 = highway  
curb+1 & = memorials47    ,x is         
impressive to note ! univ]sal respect = 
! integrity &  ability ( ?is e>ly       
,am]ican ar*itect :i* all ! records (  !
 monum5t /ress4 ,9 ! drama ( ! build+ ( 
! ,bunk] ,hill  ,monum5t1 he play$ !    
lead+ "p1 & 8 "* resembl$ !  /urdy      
/ructure :i* he design$ 9 detail &      
erect$4 ,dur+ 8  #ah ye>s ( s]vice 9 !  
con/ruction ( 8 ma/]piece1 ! ,bunk]     
,hill ,monum5t1 he w\ld accept no       
recomp5se except = 8 exp5ses1  deem+ x 8

 duty to "w )\t pay on su* a patriotic  
v5ture4 ,he  0 also a sub/antial        
contributor to ! build+ fund4    ,a     
self-educat$ man1 :o _h le>n$           
ar*itecture ) suffici5t  ?or\ghness to  
become a tea*] 9 ! subject1 he _h also  
become  pr(ici5t 9 ! v>i\s sci5ces4     
,/>t+ z a c>p5t]1 ,will>d  _h prov$ bo? 
8 craftsman%ip & arti/ry by becom+ an   
adept  c>v] ( %ips' figureheads &       
models1 includ+ a model ( !  ,capitol at
 ,wa%+ton4    ,at ! "t ! monum5t 0      
begun1 ,will>d 0 "o ( ! lead+  ar*itects
 ( ,bo/on4 ,typical ( an ar*itect's     
v]satility1 he _h  play$ an important "p
 9 ! *ange f ! heat+ ( build+s by       
wood-burn+ fireplaces & ,frankl9 /oves1 
to hot-air furnaces1 us+  ei!r wood or  
coal4 ,z an exp]t 9 furnace heat1 he 0  
call$ 9 =  advice 9 ! design ( ! heat+  
sy/em ( ,am]ica's mo/ important  build+1
 :5 ! ,presid5t dem&$ t ! national      
,capitol %\ld  h adequate heat4         
,appo9t$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahbe1 to ! comb9$  
position ( ar*itect  & sup]9t5d5t1      

,will>d sp5t ! foll[+ w9t] on ! plans1  
models1 & computations requir$ to       
develop ! con/ruction details1  f !     
ov]-all dim5sions ( ! ,baldw9 ,report4  
,dur+ ^!  prelim9>y /eps1 ,will>d       
exp]im5t$ ) a promis+ ma*9e =  dress+ ! 
/ones4 ,! selection ( ! ,bunk] ,hill    
,qu>ry 9 ,qu9cy1  ,mass41 0 made aft]   
,will>d _h made a c>eful se>* = suitable
  /one1 9 :i* he 0 said to h walk$ #cjj 
miles4 ,! "r to  qu>ry1 at ,qu9cy1      
suffici5t granite = ! monum5t 0 pur*as$ 
= #cbe4 ,"p ( ! am\nt to be provid$ by !
 ,commonweal? (  ,massa*usetts 0 to h   
be5 suppli$ by ! co/ ( ! dress+  ( !    
/one 7!n call$ 8hamm]+07 by ! convicts (
 ne>by  ,*>le/[n ,/ate ,prison4 ,!      
convicts1 h[ev]1 7 obvi\sly n           
suffici5tly indep5d5t to "w on ?is %r9e 
( indep5d5ce1 s  ?is proc$ure 0 n       
adopt$4      ,up-,to-,date ,qu>ry       
7,circa #ahbe-ahdc7    ,f v>i\s old     
,am]ican & ,engli% records ( masonry    
con/ruction1  x is possible to con/ruct 
an acc\nt ( h[ ! /ones = ! ,bunk]  ,hill

 ,monum5t mu/ h be5 qu>ri$ & dress$4 ,! 
old names are  us$ = ! tools & me?ods1 &
 ! mod]n mason w f9d _m (  ^! old       
descriptions q famili>4    ,! hornbl5de 
granite ( ! ,qu9cy region 0 7& is7 ( v  
uni=m texture & v>ies only 9 color1 f   
gray to d>k gray4 ,9  ,qu9cy1 ,will>d   
w\ld f9d t bo? 8%eet0 & 8b\ld]0 qu>ry   
=mations occurr$3 ! jo9ts 9 ! l$ge ( !  
%eet areas mak+  ! granite appe> z if   
/ratifi$1 & h5ce m easily remov$2 b  !  
huge1 r\nd$ b\ld]s 9 ! o!r areas1       
measur+ up to #dj feet  across1 _h no   
jo9ts4 ,r[s ( holes 7 drill$ by h& 7at  
lea/ #be  ye>s w\ld elapse be=e         
practical p[]-rock drills became        
available7  & l>ge blocks loos5$ f !    
l$ge or b\ld]1 probably by  w$ges1      
possibly by light bla/s ( gunp[d]4 ,at  
?is /age !  qu>ri$ block 0 call$        
8qu>ry-pit*$40 ,/one ( ! small] size  = 
! monum5t 0 split f ^! blocks along l9es
 ( holes 9  :i* w$ges 7 driv54 ,^! 7    
probably ( ! plug-&-fea!r  type1 9 :i*  
an iron w$ge ) an acute angle is fitt$  

betwe5 two  semicircul> iron fea!rs1 :i*
 tap] 9 ! opposite direction to  t ( !  
w$ge1 & ?us fit ! hole drill$ 9 ! /one1 
nicely4  ,granite has no cleavage       
planes1 l slate2 b a r\t9e ( sm>t  taps 
on ! plugs1 back & =? along ! l9e1 soon 
splits ! /one  along a fairly smoo?     
face4 ,two lewises 7an anci5t device71  
atta*$  at ab\t ! qu>t] po9ts ( ! top ( 
! /one1 7 us$ to lift  x4 ,?ree memb]s  
make ! lewis3 a flat c5t] b> ) an eye at
  ! top1 ! c5t] b> be+ flank$ by two    
w$ge-%ap$ side pieces  :i* are ?ick] at 
! bottom ( ! hole1 & ^! also h eyes  at 
! top4 ,! w$ges are ins]t$ fir/1 !n !   
c5t] b> slipp$  betwe52 !reaft] any     
lift+ pull on ! ?ree b>s is b\nd to     
exp& ! lewis to fill ! hole & lift !    
/one1 = ! hole is  drill$ wid] at !     
bottom ?an at ! top4    ,) ,solomon     
,will>d's well-r5d]$ isometric draw+ (  
ea* /one  = a guide1 ! /onecutt] dress$ 
x1 fir/ select+ ! be/ face  = ! 8b$0    
7bottom7 & hamm]$ x to a plane surface1 
det]m9$  by %all[ *annels 7*isel drafts7

 cut diagonally across ! /one4    ,f ?is
 surface1 ! /onecutt] laid out ! o!r    
faces1 includ+  ! 8build0 7top71 by 8   
good mason's squ>e or template4 ,!      
texture  ( ! visible face 0 8tool$10 t  
is1 ! m>ks ( ! *isel  rema9$ visible4   
,qu9cy granite is a quality product1    
tak+ a high  poli%1 b ! build]s ( !     
,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t desir$ no poli%   
on _! monum5t4 ,today1 ! surface ( !    
monum5t %[s fa9t1  well-wea!r$ l9es1 l  
^? produc$ by ! mod]n bu%hamm]1  :i* has
 a head made ( sev]al ?9 /eel plates    
bolt$ toge!r1  ea* %>p5$ to a cutt+     
edge4 ,9 ,engl& dur+ ! p]iod1 flat  iron
 b>s ) r\gh edges 7 9 use to saw s(t]   
/one ?an  granite1 & at ,qu9cy1 ,will>d 
exp]im5t$ ) dress+ ma*9es4  ,!          
conclusion may be drawn1 h[ev]1 t !     
/ones :i* we n[ see  on ! monum5t 7     
und\bt$ly %ap$ to _! pres5t dim5sions by
  h&4    ,today1 #aaj ye>s aft] its     
cap/one 0 put 9 place1 ! ,bunk] ,hill   
,monum5t /&s z an impressive te/imonial 
to ! cons]vative  judgm5t ( its design]1

 ,loammi ,baldw91 & ! pa9/ak+ fidelity  
( ! man :o sup]vis$ its con/ruction1    
,solomon ,will>d4 ,an  eng9e] famili> ) 
its ma9t5ance /ates t !re is no evid5ce 
( settlem5t1 & t a *eck by surveyor's   
transit reveal$ no  signs ( misalignm5t4
 ,its jo9ts occasionally ne$ po9t+1 !   
la/ po9t+ be+ p]=m$ ab\t #bj ye>s ago4  
,v>i\s iron or  /eel memb]s ( !         
obs]vation *amb] h _h to be replac$4    
,its lightn+ rod has be5 9 place = _m   
ye>s1 b !re is no  readily available    
record to *eck :e!r ! monum5t has ev]   
be5  /ruck by lightn+4 ,) _! empirical  
me?ods ( design & _!  crude1 mo/ly      
h&-op]at$1 con/ruction app>atus1 our    
=ebe>s  built a /urdy /ructure1 :i*1    
b>r+ an e>?quake1 %\ld la/ =  c5turies4 
,! ,granite ,railway    ,on #g ,octob]  
#ahbf1 ! fir/ railroad 9 ,am]ica />t$   
op]ation4  ,?is 0 ! horse-op]at$        
,granite ,railway1 built to transport ! 
/ones = ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t f !     
qu>ry 9 ,qu9cy d[n to  ! ,neponset      
,riv]1 a di/ance ( ne>ly ?ree miles4 ,! 

track &  c>s ( ! railroad _h be5 design$
 & built by a "y eng9e] (  #bh1 ,gridley
 ,bryant1 ^: ,granite ,railway project  
/>t$ him on a long  c>e] ( a*ievem5t 9 !
 inv5tion ( equipm5t t play$ a major  "p
 9 ! rapid & successful developm5t ( !  
,am]ican railroad  sy/em4    ,ample     
prec$5t = ! ,granite ,railway exi/$ 9   
,engl&1 :]e1  s9ce ! reign ( ,*>les     
,,ii1 wood5 tracks1 sometimes armor$ )  
iron plates1 _h be5 us$ z runways = coal
 c>s f ! pits to  ! ne>e/ wat]way4 ,)9  
five ye>s ( ! />t ( ! ,granite          
,railway1 simil> sy/ems are record$ 9 ! 
/ates ( ,p5nsylvania1  ,s\? ,c>ol9a1    
,new ,york1 & ,m>yl&4 ,at fir/1 ! motive
 p[] =  ^! l9es 0 suppli$ by gravity1   
/ation>y eng9es1 or horses1 b  soon t9y 
/eam locomotives 7 tri$4 ,?us1 9 ! ye>  
#ahbi1 ,pet]  ,coop] built ! fam\s ,tom 
,?umb1 a successful locomotive :i* us$  
rifle b>rels = flues4 ,9 ! same ye> !   
,/\rbridge ,lion1 8!  fir/ locomotive t 
ev] turn$ a driv+ :eel on a railroad on 
!  ,we/]n ,cont95t10#g 0 br\ght by sail+

 vessel f ,engl& &  />t$ op]ation 9     
,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,am]ican /eam railroad 
sy/em  0 ?us well "u way by ! "t ! l[]  
c\rses ( ! monum5t  7 be+ rais$4        
#g ,annual ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian      
,in/itution1 #ahhi4    ,bryant lat]     
describ$ 8 railroad z hav+ /one sleep]s 
laid  across ! track1 #h feet ap>t4 ,^u 
^!1 7 plac$ wood5 rails1 #f  in*es ?ick 
& #ab in*es high 7replac$ by /one )9 a  
few ye>s74  ,spik$ on top ( ^! 7 iron   
plates1 #c in*es wide by  in*  ?ick4    
,h[ev]1 at road cross+s1 /one rails 7   
us$1 ) #d-;in*  by -in* iron plates     
bolt$ on top4 ,?is 8p]man5t0 con/ruction
  0 also us$ on ! d\ble-track1 incl9$   
plane at ! qu>ry4  7,well-pres]v$       
ve/iges ( ?is 8p]man5t0 con/ruction are 
visible  today at ! rise to ! ,bunk]    
,hill ,qu>ry47 ,"h1 an endless *a9      
all[$ ! load$1 desc5d+ c>s to pull up ! 
empty asc5d+ ones4    ,! /&>d gauge (   
,am]ican railroads is n[ #d feet1 #h    
in*es1  measur$ betwe5 railheads1 a /&>d
 adopt$ aft] _m ye>s (  confusion be=e !

 pres5t gauge dim5sion 0 adopt$4 ,al?\gh
  ,bryant describ$ 8 track gauge z #e   
feet1 ?is dim5sion 0  measur$ betwe5 !  
8be>+ po9ts0 ( ! :eels on ! tracks4  ,if
 ! be>+ po9ts are assum$ to be ! c5t] ( 
! treads (  ! :eels1 8 gauge is f\nd to 
mat* closely ! pres5t /&>d  gauge4 ,?is 
track gauge agrees ) t adopt$ by ! fam\s
 ,engli%  railroad eng9e]1 ,george      
,/eph5son1 at ab\t ! same "t1 aft] he   
_h measur$ scores ( c>ts us$ by 8 f>m]  
neighbors4 ,possibly1  bo? ,/eph5son &  
,bryant knew t _! select$ gauge _h a v  
e>ly beg9n+2 = "s hi/orians sugge/ t !  
,engli% c>ts  7 orig9ally made to fit ! 
ruts cut 9 ! roads ( ,brita9 by !       
,roman *>iots1 _m c5turies e>li]1 dur+ !
 ,roman occupation (  ,brita94    ,on ! 
day :5 ! railroad />t$ op]ation1 #af    
tons ( granite  f ! ,bunk] ,hill ,qu>ry1
 & load$ on ?ree 8wagons10 7 easily     
pull$ by "o horse1 once />t$4 ,bryant's 
fir/ c> _h flang$  :eels1 #f feet 9     
diamet]1 f ! axles ( :i* a plat=m 0     
hung to c>ry ! granite4 ,?is plat=m 0   

l[]$ to receive !  load & !n rais$ by an
 +5i\s ge>+ device4    ,naturally1      
,bryant bas$ ! design ( 8 e>ly railroad 
c>s ^u  ! con/ruction ( ! horse-drawn   
wagons ( 8 day4 ,l !  wagons1 8 c>s _h  
to be flexible if !y 7 to keep on !     
track  :5 pass+ ov] ! two curves ( !    
o!rwise /raight ,granite  ,railway4 ,9 8
 description ( ano!r ( 8 c>s appe> !    
road  wagon t]ms--bol/]s1 truck1 & c5t] 
k+p91 to all[ a swivel+  motion4        
,rigidly bolt$ to cross timb]s b5ea? !  
truck 7 two iron  axletrees1 on :i*     
revolv$ ca/-iron :eels4 7,"s "t w\ld    
elapse  9 railroad progress be=e ! :eels
 w\ld be fix$ to1 & revolve  )1 ! axles 
9 j\rnals47    ,9 e>ly ,am]ican railroad
 developm5t ,bryant is cr$it$ ) !       
inv5tion ( ! eight-:eel c>1 ! turntable1
 swit*1 turn\t1 &  _m o!r improvem5ts4  
,9 #ahcb1 he _h inv5t$ & us$ 9 !  build+
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank at ,bo/on1 8   
portable d]rick1  8us$ 9 e city &       
village 9 ! c\ntry :]ev] !re 0  a /one  
build+ to erect40 ,o!rs pr(it$ f        

,bryant's amaz+  +5uity4 ,al?\gh !      
,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates decid$ 
9  8 favor 9 8 mo/ important inv5tion1 !
 eight-:eel$ c>1 he  did n collect1 & he
 di$ poor4#h          #h ,= m data on ! 
,granite ,railway & ,gridley ,bryant1   
see3 ,*>les ,b4 ,/u>t1 ,civil & ,milit>y
 ,eng9e]s            ( ,am]ica 7,new    
,york3 ,d4 ,van ,no/r& ,company1 ,inc41 
#ahga72 & ,! ,fir/ ,railroad 9 ,am]ica  
7,bo/on3            ,privately pr9t$ =  
,granite ,railway ,company1 #aibf74     
,9 ! f9e saga ( ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t1
 ! ,granite ,railway plays  a prom95t   
"p4 ,! dem& ( ! monum5t = granite       
def9itely  inspir$ ,bryant to conceive !
 idea ( ,am]ica's fir/ railroad1 &  to  
design pione] equipm5t t contribut$     
hugely to ! subsequ5t  progress (       
,am]ica's great railroad sy/em4 ,!      
accurate acc\nt (  ! build+ ( ! monum5t1
 h[ev]1 has to record ! fact t  !       
railroad 0 n s great a b5efit z         
anticipat$4 ,9 ! %ort  di/ance ( #ab    
miles !re 0 too mu* load+ & unload+4    

,will>d  freely express$ 8 annoyance at 
^! h9drances4 ,t he took action  is     
indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ quotation f an      
app>5tly au!ntic  s\rce3 8,! /one us$ = 
! f\ndation & = ! fir/ =ty feet  ( !    
/ructure 7! monum5t7 0 transport$ f !   
qu>ry on a  railroad to ! :>f 9 ,qu9cy  
7actually locat$ 9 ,milton7 :]e x  0 put
 into flat-bottom$ boats1 t[$ by        
/eam-p[] to ! :>f  9 ,*>le/[n1 & !n     
rais$ to ! ,hill by teams mov+ ^u an    
incl9$ plane4 ,! repeat$ transf] ( !    
/ones1 necess>y 9 ?is  mode (           
conveyance1 be+ att5d$ ) delay1         
liability to accid5t1  & a defac+ ( !   
blocks1 0 ab&on$ aft] ! =tie? foot 0    
laid1 & ! mat]ials 7 transport$ by teams
 directly f !  qu>ry to ! hill40#i ,?is 
acc\nt fails to tell h[ ! teams got up  
& d[n ! /eep hill at ! qu>ry3 !         
#hd-;foot rise at an angle (  #ae       
degrees4 ,clev] ,bryant mu/ h us$ 8     
endless *a9 to drag !  empty teams up1 &
 to brake ! load$ ones d[n4          #i 
,george ,e4 ,ellis1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,battle 

( ,bunk]'s            7,bre$'s7 ,hill   
7,bo/on3 ,lockwood1 ,brooks & ,company1 
#ahge74    ,illu/ration3 ,,hoc ,,nom5 e/
 9 t]num1 et hoc memoriale 9  g5]ationem
 et g5]ationem4         ,r4 ,,ruzicka   
#aiae    ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t 9 #aiae  
,reproduc$ f a wood engrav+ by ,rudolph 
,ruzicka 9 ! ,bo/on  ,a!num             
,illu/ration3 ,judah ,t\ro    ,reproduc$
 f a portrait 9 ! ,r$wood ,libr>y1      
,newport1 ,r4 ,i4    ,illu/ration3 ,amos
 ,lawr5ce    ,reproduc$ f a portrait by 
,*e/] ,h>d+ own$ by !  ,massa*usetts    
,hospital ,life ,insurance ,company     
,illu/ration3 ,f\ndation ( ,bunk] ,hill 
,monum5t    ,reproduc$ f ,will>d1 ,plans
 & ,sections1 ,plate ,,ii               
,illu/ration3 ,con/ruction ( ,bunk]     
,hill ,monum5t    ,reproduc$ f ,will>d1 
,plans & ,sections1 ,plate ,,iv         
,illu/ration3 ,con/ruction ( ,bunk]     
,hill ,monum5t    ,reproduc$ f ,will>d1 
,plans & ,sections1 ,plate ,x           
,illu/ration3 ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t 9   
#ahcj    ,reproduc$ f ,c4 ,h4 ,sn[1 ,a  

,geography ( ,bo/on 7,bo/on1 #ahcj7     
,beacon = ,m>9]s    ,9 ! noisy grog%ops 
on ! /reets lead+ to ! ,bo/on wat]front1
  9 ! sail l(ts on :at is n[ ,comm]cial 
,/reet1 & at ! tall  desks ( ! c\nt+    
rooms ( ,/ate ,/reet1 ^? :o got _!  liv+
 f ! sea eag]ly discuss$ ! progress ( ! 
monum5t 9  ,*>le/[n4 ,x 0 to be _!      
beacon1 & :5 ! _m frigates1  packets1   
sloops1 & s*oon]s _h safely pass$ !     
dang] spots (  ! l[] h>bor1 ! monum5t   
w\ld welcome !m to ! busy inn]  port (  
,bo/on1 !n mu* liveli] ?an x is today4  
,b progress  prov$ to be sl[4 ,naturally
 ! /ones brok5 f ! ,qu9cy l$ges  &      
b\ld]s 7 n always ( ! dim5sions plann$  
by ,will>d =  ! l[] c\rses2 _m 7 ( sizes
 ne$$ = ! upp] c\rses4  ,economical     
,will>d dress$ ! /ones z !y came out2   
sett+ aside  ^? :i* c\ld n be erect$ =  
"s "t2 & ! piles ( su*  /ones grew l>g] 
at ,qu9cy & on ! gr\nd ab\t ! monum5t1  
:ile ! monum5t itself rose at a snail's 
pace4 ,a m spectacul>  progress 0 ne$$ =
 a project t 0 />t$ on a %oe/r+1  &     

dep5d$ on m & /ill m public             
contributions4 ,! build+  fund dw9dl$ to
 su* a l[ sum t 9 ,febru>y1 #ahbi1 "w _h
  to be susp5d$ = lack ( funds to pay ! 
wages ( qu>rym51  /onecutt]s1 d]rickm51 
blacksmi?s1 & team/]s1 & ! co/ (  ! good
 hay = ! h>d-work+ horses & ox5 ( !     
project4 ,b  #ad c\rses _h be5 laid--to 
a height ( #cg feet1 #d in*es4 ,!       
sailors  7 disappo9t$1 & a poetess said3
        ,b :]e's ! pile !y said w\ld    
rise1      ,?r[+ its %ad[s o'er !       
wave1--      ,lift+ its =ehead to !     
skies--      ,a ,beacon f> o'er l& &    
sea1      ,signal & ,seal ( ,lib]ty4    
,a lott]y to secure m build+ funds 0    
next propos$4 ,x 0  n unusual to all[   
lott]ies 9 ?is p]iod--*ur*es1 turnpikes1
  bridges1 & ev5 ,h>v>d ,college--_h    
receiv$ su* grants4 ,public  s5tim5t 9  
,massa*usetts1 h[ev]1 0 beg9n+ to       
consid]  lott]ies a vici\s practice & ! 
director ( ! ,bunk] ,hill  ,monum5t     
,association vot$ aga9/ "o4    ,at ?is  
"t1 ,amos ,lawr5ce 0 a memb] ( ! build+ 

committee--a  weal?y philan?ropi/ (     
,bo/on1 ^: religion seem$ to be fix$  on
 two ideals1 "o ( :i* 0 8 *>ities4      
,unlike t ( a few  good m9i/]s ( ! "t1  
:o _h prea*$ aga9/ giv+ funds =  !      
monum5t because !y felt _! v>i\s *>ities
 %\ld come  fir/1 ,lawr5ce deem$ !      
completion ( ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t (  
fir/ importance4 ,?is project became 8  
o!r obsession4 ,he enli/$  ! aid ( !    
,massa*usetts ,*>itable ,me*anics       
,association 9 !  campaign = funds4     
,/>t$ 9 #agie by ,paul ,rev]e1 & o!rs1  
to  promote a bett] und]/&+ betwe5 ma/] 
me*anics & _!  appr5tices1 ?is society  
_h become influ5tial2 its memb]%ip      
embrac$ me*anics1 manufactur]s1 & su*   
honor>y memb]s z  ,ex-,presid5t ,adams1 
,daniel ,web/]1 & ,edw>d ,ev]ett4 ,amos 
,lawr5ce  _h pick$ ^u a well-manag$     
organization = assi/ance2 its           
executives 7 %rewd f9anci]s & !y knew h[
 to get ?+s done4  ,! presid5t ( !      
,massa*usetts ,*>itable ,me*anics       
,association  became 9 p]petuity ! fir/ 

vice-presid5t ( ! ,bunk] ,hill  ,monum5t
 ,association 7today he is /ill s li/$74
 ,!reaft]1  ! ,me*anics ,association    
took an active "p 9 ! promotion &       
con/ruction ( ! monum5t4 ,x made a      
c>eful e/imate ( ! co/  to complete !   
monum5t &1 mu* to ,solomon ,will>d's    
disgu/1  rais$ 8 all[ance = cont+5cies4 
,bo? associations decid$ to  be satisfi$
 :5 ! monum5t _h rea*$ ! height ( #aei  
feet1 #f  in*es--ab\t two-?irds ( !     
height previ\sly det]m9$ ^u4    ,"w 0   
resum$ on #ag ,june #ahcd1 & cont9u$    
until funds aga9 gave  out1 :5 ! monum5t
 0 #cb c\rses high1 #he feet2 n[ impos+ 
en\gh = q ! good m>9]s ( busy ,bo/on    
h>bor to take notice  (4 ,x 0 ! ye>     
#ahce1 & ! c\ntry 0 head$ = a sev]e     
f9ancial depression--a bad sign = ^? :o 
s\ght contributions =  any b ! mo/      
practical ( objectives4 ,9 ?is em]g5cy1 
! wom5  ( ,new ,engl& aga9 became active
 9 ! rais+ ( funds4    ,9 ! summ] (     
#ahdj1 a common greet+ ( ! wom5 (       
,massa*usetts  03 8,:at are y do+ = !   

,fair80 ,^? :o knit /ock+s1  cro*et$ 9  
wor/$ ( v>i\s colors1 :o 7 skill$ 9     
embroid]$  "w1 or :o 7 m]ely good at    
pla9 sew+ /rove indu/ri\sly  to get     
ready = ! ,fair t 0 to e>n money = !    
,bunk] ,hill  ,monum5t4 ,t5 ye>s e>li]1 
! wom5 ( ,new ,engl& _h made a noble    
ef=t to secure funds = ! monum5t1 b z ! 
contributions f  females & *ildr5 _h be5
 limit$ to a maximum ( #a4jj ea*1 !     
total 0 small4 ,n[1 al?\gh ! maximum sum
 ev] rais$ at a ,bo/on  fair 0 #c1jjj1  
!y felt t a sizable sum c\ld be realiz$ 
9 a  fair 9 ,qu9cy ,hall1 ne> ,faneuil  
,hall4 ,despite ! criticism t  8wom5 7  
/epp+ out ( _! sph]e10 ,s>ah ,j4 ,hale1 
! lead+  _s 9 ?is rem>kable ef=t1       
p]si/$4#aj ,qu9cy ,hall 0 #chb  feet    
long by #dg feet wide1 & x 0 cr[d$ ) !  
#dc tables (  ?+s to sell1 :5 ! sev5-day
 fair />t$ 9 ,septemb]1 #ahdj4 ,a  ,:ig 
,conv5tion1 9 ?is ye> ( a presid5tial   
election1 und\bt$ly  help$ to increase !
 att5dance at ?is v successful fair4 ,! 
price ( admission on ! fir/ day 0 d\ble 

t ( ! rema9+  days1 :i* 0 #j4be4        
#aj ,%e 0 editor ( ,godey's ,lady's     
,book = #cj ye>s1 &            is cr$it$
 ) promot+ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! la/         
,?ursday 9 ,novemb] z ,?anksgiv+ ,day4  
,! success ( ! ,qu9cy ,fair 0 ph5om5al4 
,! net sum (  #cj1jce4ec 0 realiz$ &    
turn$ ov] to ! directors ( ! ,bunk]     
,hill ,monum5t ,association t[>d !      
completion ( ! ,bunk] ,hill  ,monum5t4  
,?is am\nt 0 ne>ly "o qu>t] its total   
co/4 ,!  ,yankee ladies did n "k t two  
contributions ( #aj1jjj ea*1  ) sev]al  
small] donations1 7 available by n[4 ,! 
gift (  #aj1jjj by ,judah ,t\ro 0       
peculi>ly he>t5+1 z an example ( !      
expression ( ! gratitude ( ! son ( an   
immigrant to ! c\ntry  ( 8 adoption4 ,! 
fa!r ( ,t\ro _h be5 rabbi ( a synagogue 
9  ,holl&4 ,! y\ng] ,t\ro 0 born 9      
,newport1 ,r4 ,i41 9 #aggf2 he _h  sail$
 to ,new ,orleans ) an assortm5t ( ,new 
,engl& commodities &  _h made money 9 _!
 sale4 ,a soldi] 9 ! ,battle ( ,new     
,orleans1  9 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 he _h be5   

giv5 up = dead 9 ! battle4 ,he _h       
become a millionaire &1 le>n+ ( !       
propos$ gift ( #aj1jjj by  ,amos        
,lawr5ce1 t[>d ! completion ( ! monum5t1
 ,t\ro _h mat*$  x4 ,?us1 9 ! ye> #ahdj1
 ! success ( ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t 0  
assur$4 ,x c\ld n[ be built to ! full   
height plann$ by ,baldw9  &             
,will>d--ab\t #bbj feet4      ,! ,rigg]s
    ,contractor ,james ,sullivan ,savage
 w\ld h no tr\ble f9d+ good m5  = !     
tickli% job ( rais+ & sett+ ! heavy     
/ones ( !  high] c\rses ( ! monum5t2    
able sailors1 :o w\ld take a %ore  job =
 a *ange4 ,m>itime ,bo/on 0 full ( ^!   
good rigg]s1 :o  7 us$ to dizzy heights1
 & to :om ! half hit*es1 squ>e knots1   
guys1 sl+s1 & tag l9es w\ld be easy4 ,up
 to ?is "t ! monum5t  _h be5 built by   
day labor1 n by contract4 ,n[1 ,savage  
_h tak5 a  contract to f9i% ! monum5t = 
#dc1hjj1 f ! elevation ( #he  feet to ! 
top4 ,he 0 well tra9$ 9 masonry1 = he _h
 work$ on  ! job s9ce ! />t "u ,will>d1 
^: rigid ideas w\ld n let  him take a   

contract himself = pr(it on su* a       
patriotic project1 b  :o agre$ to       
sup]9t5d ! "w ( ,savage to ! f9i%4      
,savage _h  ! traits ( a good           
contractor--en]gy1 res\rcefulness1      
hone/y--&  ! s5se t knew h[ ea* detail  
mu/ be execut$ t[>d ! end (  produc+ a  
job to be pr\d (4    ,savage replac$ !  
"o-horse cap/an ( ! hoi/ by a           
six-horsep[]  /eam eng9e1 an innovation 
t spe$$ up progress4 ,! /eam  eng9e z a 
prime mov] 9 l& & wat] transportation _h
 become  well e/abli%$1 & its use to    
drive textile ma*9]y _h prov$           
successful4 ,/eam p[] 9 ! con/ruction   
indu/ry1 h[ev]1 0 a  novelty4 ,%\ts &   
wigwag signals f ! sett+ gang at ! top  
to ! eng9e] on ! gr\nd 7 replac$ by a   
bell-wire signal+  sy/em4 ,?is mu/ h be5
 a pull bell1 = _m ye>s w\ld pass  be=e 
electric bells came into common use4#aa 
#aa ,joseph ,h5ry _h develop$ !         
electromagnet at ab\t !            "t ( 
! lay+ ( ! l[] c\rses ( ! monum5t1      
&1 a few mon?s aft] its d$ication1      

,morse w\ld            op]ate ! fir/    
telegraph l9e betwe5 ,wa%+ton &         
,baltimore1 b ! transmission ( electric 
curr5ts by            insulat$ wires ev5
 = a few score feet 0 /ill too          
new to receive s]i\s att5tion on a      
con/ruction job4    ,z its light] /ones 
w\ld be easi] to h&le1 ! granite inn]   
cone  7newel7 ar\nd :i* ! /airs w9d 0   
erect$ a few c\rses ahead (  ! walls ( !
 monum5t4 ,x ?us s]v$ z a support = !   
d]rick  :i* rais$ ! heavi] wall /ones4  
,?r\gh ap]tures 9 ! holl[  walls ( !    
newel1 a heavy beam 7wood87 0 pass$1 ^u 
:i* !  d]rick 0 set4    ,x is int]e/+ to
 comp>e our mod]n hoi/+ d]rick ) !      
app>atus us$ to raise ! /ones = !       
monum5t4 ,! d]rick (  today consi/s ( a 
guy$1 v]tical ma/1 an adju/able boom h+$
 to  ! base ( ! ma/1 ) boom falls1 &    
hoi/ falls1 ea* ) _!  cables & pulleys1 
or blocks4 ,at ! base ( ! ma/1 a bull r+
  s]ves to turn ! ma/ by p[]4 ,! :ole   
comb9ation is call$ !  d]rick4 ,:5 we   
get accu/om$ to ! old ,engli% or        

,am]ican cu/om  ( call+ ! ma/ ! po/ or  
d]rick1 & ! boom ei!r ! gaff  or d]rick1
 a little /udy enables u to compreh5d h[
 ! monum5t  0 built4    ,! l[] c\rses 7 
rais$ by ! 8,holmes ,hoi/+ ,app>atus10  
design$ by a practical seaman ( ,bo/on4 
,?is device c\ld comm& a  circle #ajj   
feet 9 diamet]4 ,except t x _h no bull  
r+ to turn  ! ma/1 x appe>s mu* l !     
d]rick ( today4 ,) /eam p[]  available =
 ! upp] c\rses1 ,savage seems to h      
modifi$ ! boom  ( ,holmes to s]ve z a   
ne>ly horizontal 8lev]10 on :i* a 8:eel 
c>riage0 drew ! /one inw>d1 to its      
desir$ position = placem5t4  ,9 o!r     
words1 app>5tly1 ! boom became today's  
monorail4 ,a  some:at obscure1 ,engli%  
description ( ! means us$ to hoi/       
masonry #ajj ye>s ago1 tells ( two      
devices4 ,"o 0 a 8movable d]rick        
crane10 ) a v]tical po/1 support$ by two
 timb] back/ays1  & a movable h+$ 8jib  
or d]rick10 :i* c\ld be today's boom4   
,?is assembly1 ( c\rse1 correspond$ to  
today's /iff-leg d]rick1  9 :i* ! back  

guys are replac$ by timb] memb]s4 ,! o!r
  ,engli% device = rais+ /ones 0        
practically exactly l today's  travel+  
crane1 & t 0 ! "n x w5t by 9 ,engl&1    
#ajj ye>s  ago4    ,our con/ruction     
=ebe>s ( ov] a c5tury ago _h to use     
ropes &  *a9s = all purposes2 !re 7 no  
wire ropes4 ,ab\t ! "t  ,savage set 8   
fir/ /one1 ,john ,a4 ,roebl+ 0 mak+ !   
fir/  ,am]ican wire rope cable1 9 a     
l>gely outdoor plant locat$ on a level  
mead[ on 8 f>m 9 ,saxonburg1 ,pa4 ,wire 
rope _h real advantages 9  con/ruction  
"w1 because ( its sup]ior /r5g? & its   
mu* less  /ret* "u load4 ,a crude sket*1
 dat$ #ahcg1 %[s t ! d]rick  = ! monum5t
 0 guy$ by *a9s1 :i* atta*$ to ! top ( !
  ma/ & pass$ ov] timb] brackets at !   
/ag+ level1 & !nce  v]tically d[n to    
weights at ! gr\nd4 ,9 8 long l5g?1 !   
/ret*+ & %r9k+ ( a rope "u ra91 load1 & 
temp]ature  *anges w\ld be difficult to 
control4    ,e f\r c\rses ( ! wall /ones
 7ab\t #aa feet7 ! d]rick 0  rais$1     
p]haps by un%ipp+ ! boom & us+ x z a    

less] ma/  to raise ! ma/ prop]4 ,squ>e 
timb] /icks 7 !n beg9n+ to  be us$ =    
/ag+1 in/ead ( ! r\nd trunks ( small    
trees &  sapl+s previ\sly us$4 ,a sket* 
( ! monum5t %[s a squ>$  timb] /age =   
po9t+ ! jo9ts4 ,su* a /age c\ld be mu* m
  easily erect$1 & 0 m reliable ?an !   
r\nd /icks1 ti$ at  ! jo9ts by cords4   
,on pap]1 ,will>d _h p]=m$ ! pa9/ak+    
task ( dim5sion+  e /one1 ea* ) its top 
7! build7 a little n>r[] ?an  its bottom
 7! b$71 s t ! true tap] ( ! obelisk    
w\ld be  ma9ta9$4 ,to set ! /one to l9e 
0 ! *ore ( ! erect+  =ce4 ,on ! top ( ! 
/one already 9 place lime mort> 0       
spread1  enri*$ ) hydraulic cem5t1 & ) a
 spr9kl+ ( iron fil+s4  7,a popul>1     
mod]n1 comm]cial wat]pro(+ comp\nd      
utilizes !  fact t1 ^u oxidiz+1 iron    
p>ticles mix$ ) ! cem5t mort>  exp&1 ?us
 r$uc+ ! voids & produc+ a d5s] mass :5 
!  mort> sets47    ,tempor>y wood5 w$ges
 w\ld be plac$ at ! corn]s ( ! /one     
already 9 place1 to support ! heavy new 
/one until ! mort> _h  h>d5$4 ,:5 !     

pond]\s /one _h be5 spe$ily rais$ f !   
gr\nd to a level a few in*es above !    
mort>1 ! eng9e w\ld be  /opp$2 ! d]rick 
adju/$ to "r or left1 & 9 or out1 until 
! /one 0 v closely 9 l9e4 ,next1 rigg]s 
w\ld pu% on !  bridle *a9 :i* atta*$ to 
! two lewises 9 ! /one's top  surface1  
guid+ x to its true position 9 its g5tle
 desc5t z !  eng9e l[]$ x ! few in*es   
ne$$ to b$ x4 ,a t9y fraction (  an in* 
8out-(-l9e0 w\ld be s]i\s1 = su* errors 
if repeat$1 or  if n comp5sat+1 w\ld    
visibly ?r[ ! monum5t out ( l9e4 ,on a  
light /age high above ! gr\nd1 brac+    
!mselves aga9/ gu/s (  w9d1 ! rigg]s    
w\ld be int5t on ! necessity = su*      
accuracy1  b n =gett+ _! own safety1 =  
no c>eless workman c\ld "w  = ,savage4  
,!y w\ld rememb] t1 :ile lay+ ! la/ /one
 (  ! #ab? c\rse1 at ! s\?we/ corn]1 "o 
man _h be5 pu%$ (f  7! only dea? on !   
project74      ,pr(itable ,project      
,happily1 ! good rigg]s rais$ _!        
monum5t1 c\rse by c\rse1 to  ! top4 ,!y 
7 "u a boss :o knew 8 trade1 & he 0 mak+

  money--! sign ( cont5t on any         
con/ruction project4 7,savage made  "s m
 money aft] ! monum5t 0 f9i%$1 :5 he    
reta9$ !  /eam eng9e t _h be5 us$ =     
hoi/+ /one1 = ! purpose  ( rais+ a      
pass5g] c> to ! top4 ,= ! c> ride he    
collect$  #j4bj1 z aga9/ ! #j4abe =     
visitors :o climb$ ! /airs47    ,!      
practical rigg]s w\ld n be di/urb$ at ! 
proposal1 advanc$  :5 ! monum5t ne>$ its
 top1 t ! apex be modifi$ to  =m a      
plat=m to accommodate visitors4         
,ae/hetic ,bo/onians 7  mu* di/urb$ at  
?is proposal4 ,happily1 ! ,bunk] ,hill  
,monum5t  ,association vot$ d[n ?is     
ar*itectural atrocity4      ,high       
,cap/one    ,on ,saturday1 #bc ,july    
#ahdb1 sev]al hundr$ ( our e>ly ris+    
,bo/onian ance/ors rose e>li] ?an usual 
to arrive at ! monum5t  at #f3jj ,a4,m4 
,on ! gr\nd at ! base1 !y /udi$ !       
cap/one2 a  small /one pyramid1 ?ree    
feet1 six in*es high1 /\tly la%$ to !   
d]rick hook1 & ) an ,am]ican flag at !  
top4 ,/&+ on !  cap/one1 firmly grasp+ !

 hoi/+ rope1 ,colonel ,*>les ,r4 ,c>nes 
wait$ = ! signal to hoi/4 ,:5 ! clock   
/ruck six1 a signal gun  0 fir$1 & !    
cap/one1 be>+ ! good colonel1 />t$ up4  
,9  #af m9utes x _h rea*$ ! top2 at     
#f3cj ,a4,m4 x _h be5 b$d$1 &  a        
national salute ann\nc$ to all ,bo/on t 
! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t  0 complet$4    
,by railroad1 great multitudes came to  
,bo/on = ! d$ication ( !  ,bunk] ,hill  
,monum5t1 ne>ly a ye> lat]1 on #ag ,june
 #ahdc4 ,unlike  ! "t ( #ah ye>s e>li]1 
:5 ! corn]/one _h be5 laid1  /agecoa*es 
7 n ! ma9 conveyance = visitors to      
,bo/on4  ,inde$ !y 7 decid$ly on ! way  
out1 & w\ld soon be b  symbols ( an era 
( travel+ discom=t1 z ! railroad        
completely  took ov]4 ,presid5t ,tyl] & 
8 cab9et att5d$2 ,daniel ,web/]  mat*$ )
 sonor\s eloqu5ce 8 fam\s spee* at !    
lay+ ( !  corn]/one1 & !re 7 /ill #ac v 
ag$ surviv+ vet]ans (  ! battle able to 
att5d4      ,f\cault's ,exp]im5t        
,sev5 ye>s lat] 7#ahej71 two ,h>v>d     
pr(essors *eck$ ) elaborate  app>atus1  

paid = by memb]s ( ! ,bunk] ,hill       
,monum5t ,association  & ! ,massa*usetts
 ,*>itable ,association1 ! fam\s        
exp]im5t (  ,f\cault :i* us$ a long     
p5dulum to prove ! daily rotation ( !   
e>?4 ,susp5d$ 9 ! newel by an anneal$   
wire1 #baj feet long1 !  oscillations ( 
a po9t]1 atta*$ to a #ca-p\nd ,briti%   
cannon ball  relic ( ! battle1 7 obs]v$2
 & its plane ( sw+ 0 se5 to  revolve    
dur+ ! day f "r to left ( ! obs]v]4 ,a  
sudd5  %[] on a previ\sly bright day    
complicat$ ! exp]im5t1 until  ,pr(essor 
,eb5 ,n4 ,hors=d discov]$ ! reason4     
,cool$ by ! ra9  ! monum5t's expos$ face
 contract$2 its apex mov$ correspond+ly 
& c>ri$ ! po9t ( susp5sion ( ! p5dulum )
 x4 ,z  obs]v$ ye>s lat] on ! ,wa%+ton  
,monum5t1 ,hors=d d$uc$ t  ! side ( an  
obelisk1 expos$ to ! hot sun1 exp&$1 & t
  its apex foll[$ ! sun 9 ! sun's travel
 f ea/ to we/4 ,su*  motion is t9y1 & ! 
+5uity ( ! app>atus to obs]ve x 0       
notable4 ,! pa? ( ! orbit ( ! bob1      
regi/]+ bo? ! e>?'s  rotation & ! effect

 ( v>y+ heat on ! monum5t's sides1 0    
describ$ z an irregul> ellipse ) major  
axis ( "o-half an in*4      ,today      
,two hundr$ ?\s& p]sons visit ,bunk]    
,hill e ye>4 ,( ^!  visitors #bj1jjj pay
 _! #j4aj1 & presumably climb ! #bid    
granite  /eps to ! top4#ab ,v few       
,bo/onians are among ^! visitors4#ac    
,!y are ( v>i\s types3 honeymoon]s &    
casual t\ri/s1 ^: li/  ( ! sights to be 
se5 9 hi/oric ,bo/on includes ! monum5t1
 &  hi/orically m9d$ y\ng/]s1 "o ( :om 0
 rec5tly caught 9 a  heat$ argum5t ) 8  
fa!r z to :]e ! ord] 0 to 8wait 'til  y 
c see ! :ites ( _! eyes40 ,surely1 ! /\t
 "y man  :o rec5tly lugg$ #be p\nds to !
 top--8 "y daught]--0 n  typical4       
#ab ,e/imate ( cu/odian f a review ( 8  
regi/]1 #aiea4         #ac 8,^? pangs ( 
consci5ce he feels e ,june #ag are z    
close z ! av]age ,bo/onian ev] comes to 
climb+            ,bunk] ,hill          
,monum5t40--,bo/on ,globe1 #ah ,june    
#aiea4    ,! evid5ce t ! monum5t is     
probably ! mo/ popul> ( !  hi/oric %r9es

 ( old ,bo/on w\ld be z pleas+ to ! *>t]
  memb]s ( ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t      
,association z to ! pres5t  memb]s ( ?is
 v5]able society1 :i* li/s among pres5t 
&  pa/ memb]s1 #cj g5]als1 #ab admirals1
 #ab ,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$  ,/ates1 a   
score ( ,massa*usetts gov]nors1 #bj     
mayors ( ,bo/on1 & #f  presid5ts (      
,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,x is a heal?ful     
society to belong  to1 ! #aidi ,proce$+s
 say1 9 ! m5tion ( #df half-c5tury      
memb]s ( :om #af 7 !n liv+4    ,_m ye>s 
ago1 ! ,association vot$ to hold        
patriotic ex]cises  e ye> at ! monum5t1 
& ?is resolution has be5 fai?fully      
fulfill$4 ,! annual c]emonies today are 
v diff]5t f ^?  ( ! e>li] ye>s2 !y h    
foll[$ ! v>y+ patt]n 9 :i*  ,am]ican    
citiz5s h celebrat$ _! national         
anniv]s>ies dur+  ! m ?an a c5tury s9ce 
! monum5t 0 d$icat$ 9 #ahdc4  ,!y 7     
solemn occasions dur+ ! e>li] ye>s4 ,9  
:at bett]  spot c\ld ! ,yankees ( ! try+
 days ( ! ,civil ,w> comp>e  _!         
convictions ) ^? :o f\ght = simil>      

pr9ciples ?an  at ! monum5t1 z !y li/5$ 
to ! /irr+ eloqu5ce ( _!  ,w> ,gov]nor1 
,john ,a4 ,&rew4 ,9 lat] ye>s ! holiday 
_s took  ov]1 ) a fireman's mu/] to     
please ! old] folk1 :ile !  y\ng/]s (   
,great] ,bo/on made ,bunk] ,hill ,day on
 #ag ,june a p>allel  9 firecrack] noise
 & casualties to f+]s & eyesight1 to !  
,f\r? ( ,july1 ( :i* x 0 a preview4     
,today1 ,bunk] ,hill ,day is a  huge    
neighborhood fe/ival1 ) block p>ties & a
 skillfully r\t$  p>ade :i* seems to    
pass e h\se on ! hill4 ,!y :o enjoy  ?+s
 mo/ are ! *ildr5 ( work+ p1 n ( !      
weal?y  families t once liv$ 9 ! sightly
 dwell+s ( ,bunk] ,hill4 ,ea*  boy or   
girl c give a visitor ! /ory ( ! battle 
9 detail1 &  recite ! precise dim5sions 
( ! monum5t4 7,!y collect f  t\ri/s =   
?is in=mation1 = x is "o way by :i*     
,*>le/[n  y\ng/]s get _! sp5d+ money47  
,^! *ildr5 w\ld r>ely  answ] to ! old   
names3 ,prescott1 ,w>r51 ,putnam1 or    
simil> ,yankee  names4 ,!y are mo/ly (  
second or ?ird g5]ation ,european       

families3  pr\d ,am]icans1 =tunate to   
live ne> ! site ( "o ( ,am]ica's  mo/   
fam\s hi/orical %r9es4 ,_! fe/ival is a 
he>t5+ occasion  to witness1 = x is     
,am]ican democracy at its be/4    ,?r\gh
 x all ! monum5t rises above its        
unadorn$ sett+s2 except  t ! cr[n ( !   
hill has be5 remov$1 x c\ld /ill be !   
,new ,engl& hilltop f>m on :i* ! battle 
0 f\ght4 ,! obelisk  rises 9 !          
simplicity ( its /raight l9es & clean   
angles1 )  no curves1 & ) ! somb] gray (
 its h>%-textur$ masonry  unreliev$ by  
any gre5]y ( f\ndation %rubb]y4 ,! rugg$
 monum5t  is symbolic ( ! /]n _s ( ^? :o
 f\ght 9 ! battle1 &  ( ! det]m9ation ( 
^? :o solv$ ! problem ( build+ ?is      
massive memorial to !m1 9 ! pione] days 
( ,am]ican ar*itecture  & eng9e]+4      
,transcrib]'s ,notes      ,punctuation1 
hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 
a  pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al
 book2 o!rwise !y  7 n *ang$4    ,simple
 typographical errors 7 correct$2       
unbalanc$ quotation  m>ks 7 rem$i$ :5 ! 

*ange 0 obvi\s1 & o!rwise left          
unbalanc$4    ,illu/rations 9 ?is e,book
 h be5 position$ betwe5 p>agraphs  &    
outside quotations4