,a ,,lett] ,,to ,a ,,h9du   ,,!         
,,subjection ,,( ,,india--,,its ,,cause 
,,& ,,cure   ,) an ,introduction by ,m4 
,k4 ,,g&hi   ,by ,leo ,tol/oy           
,,introduction   ,! lett] pr9t$ bel[ is 
a translation ( ,tol/oy's lett] writt5 9
 ,russian 9 reply to "o f ! ,editor (   
,free ,h9du/an4 ,aft] hav+ pass$ f h& to
 h&1 ?is lett] at la/ came into my      
possession ?r\gh a fri5d :o ask$ me1 z  
"o mu* int]e/$ 9 ,tol/oy's writ+s1 :e!r 
,i ?\ght x wor? publi%+4 ,i at once     
repli$ 9 ! affirmative1 & told him ,i   
%\ld translate x myself into ,guj>ati & 
induce o!rs' to translate & publi% x 9  
v>i\s ,indian v]nacul>s4  ,! lett] z    
receiv$ by me 0 a type-writt5 copy4 ,x 0
 !re=e ref]r$ to ! au?or1 :o confirm$ x 
z 8 & k9dly grant$ me p]mission to pr9t 
x4  ,to me1 z a humble foll[] ( t great 
tea*] :om ,i h long look$ ^u z "o ( my  
guides1 x is a matt] ( hon\r to be      
connect$ ) ! publication ( 8 lett]1 su* 
especially z ! "o :i* is n[ be+ giv5 to 
! _w4  ,x is a m]e /atem5t ( fact to say

 t e ,indian1 :e!r he owns up to x or n1
 has national aspirations4 ,b !re are z 
_m op9ions z !re are ,indian nationali/s
 z to ! exact mean+ ( t aspiration1 & m 
especially z to ! me?ods to be us$ to   
atta9 ! end4  ,"o ( ! accept$ &         
'"t-hon\r$' me?ods to atta9 ! end is t (
 viol5ce4 ,! assass9ation ( ,sir ,curzon
 ,wylie 0 an illu/ration ( t me?od 9 its
 wor/ & mo/ dete/able =m4 ,tol/oy's life
 has be5 devot$ to replac+ ! me?od (    
viol5ce = remov+ tyranny or secur+ re=m 
by ! me?od ( non-resi/ance to evil4 ,he 
w\ld meet hatr$ express$ 9 viol5ce by   
love express$ 9 self-suff]+4 ,he admits 
( no exception to :ittle d[n ?is great &
 div9e law ( love4 ,he applies x to all 
! problems t tr\ble mank9d4  ,:5 a man l
 ,tol/oy1 "o ( ! cle>e/ ?9k]s 9 ! we/]n 
_w1 "o ( ! greate/ writ]s1 "o :o z a    
soldi] has kn[n :at viol5ce is & :at x c
 d1 condemns ,japan = hav+ bl9dly foll[$
 ! law ( mod]n sci5ce1 falsely s-call$1 
& fe>s = t c\ntry '! greate/            
calamities'1 x is = u to pause & consid]

 :e!r1 9 our impati5ce ( ,engli% rule1  
we d n want to replace "o evil by ano!r 
& a worse4 ,india1 :i* is ! nurs]y ( !  
great fai?s ( ! _w1 w cease to be       
nationali/ ,india1 :atev] else %e may   
become1 :5 %e goes ?r\gh ! process (    
civilization 9 ! %ape ( reproduction on 
t sacr$ soil ( gun factories & ! hateful
 indu/rialism :i* has r$uc$ ! p (       
,europe to a /ate ( slav]y1 & all b     
/ifl$ among !m ! be/ in/9cts :i* are !  
h]itage ( ! human family4  ,if we d n   
want ! ,engli% 9 ,india we mu/ pay !    
price4 ,tol/oy indicates x4 ',d n resi/ 
evil1 b also d n y\rselves p>ticipate 9 
evil--9 ! viol5t de$s ( ! adm9i/ration (
 ! law c\rts1 ! collection ( taxes &1   
:at is m important1 ( ! soldi]s1 & no "o
 9 ! _w w enslave y'1 passionately      
decl>es ! sage ( ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,:o 
c "q ! tru? ( :at he says 9 ! foll[+3   
',a comm]cial company enslav$ a nation  
compris+ two hundr$ millions4 ,tell ?is 
to a man free f sup]/ition & he w fail  
to grasp :at ^! words mean4 ,:at does x 

mean t ?irty ?\s& p1 n a?letes1 b r weak
 & ord9>y p1 h enslav$ two hundr$       
millions ( vigor\s1 clev]1 capable1     
fre$om-lov+ p8 ,d n ! figures make x    
cle> t n ! ,engli%1 b ! ,indians1 h     
enslav$ !mselves8'  ,"o ne$ n accept all
 t ,tol/oy says--"s ( 8 facts are n     
accurately /at$--to realize ! c5tral    
tru? ( 8 indictm5t ( ! pres5t sy/em1 :i*
 is to und]/& & act ^u ! irresi/ible p[]
 ( ! s\l ov] ! body1 ( love1 :i* is an  
attribute ( ! s\l1 ov] ! brute or body  
=ce g5]at$ by ! /irr+ 9 u ( evil        
passions4  ,!re is no d\bt t !re is no?+
 new 9 :at ,tol/oy prea*es4 ,b 8        
pres5tation ( ! old tru? is refre%+ly   
=ceful4 ,8 logic is unassailable4 ,&    
above all he endeav\rs to practise :at  
he prea*es4 ,he prea*es to conv9ce4 ,he 
is s9c]e & 9 e>ne/4 ,he comm&s att5tion4
  #ai? ,novemb]1 #aiji ,m4 ,k4 ,,g&hi   
,a ,,lett] ,,to ,a ,,h9du   ,by ,leo    
,tol/oy    ,all t exi/s is ,"o4 ,p only 
call ?is ,"o by diff]5t names4 ,,!      
,,v$as4  ,god is love1 & he t abide? 9  

love abide? 9 ,god1 & ,god abide? 9 him4
 ,i ,,john iv4 #af4  ,god is "o :ole2 we
 are ! p>ts4 ,,exposition ,,( ,,!       
,,tea*+ ,,( ,,! ,,v$as ,,by ,,vivekan&a4
     ,i   ,d n seek quiet & re/ 9 ^?    
e>?ly realms :]e delusions & desires are
 eng5d]$1 = if ?\ do/1 ?\ wilt be dragg$
 ?r\gh ! r\gh wild]ness ( life1 :i* is  
f> f ,me4  ,:5ev] ?\ feele/ t ?y feet   
are becom+ entangl$ 9 ! int]lac$ roots (
 life1 "k t ?\ has /ray$ f ! pa? to :i* 
,i beckon !e3 = ,i h plac$ !e 9 broad1  
smoo? pa?s1 :i* are /rewn ) fl[]s4 ,i h 
put a light be=e !e1 :i* ?\ can/ foll[ &
 ?us run )\t /umbl+4 ,,kri%na4  ,i h    
receiv$ y\r lett] & two numb]s ( y\r    
p]iodical1 bo? ( :i* int]e/ me          
extremely4 ,! oppression ( a majority by
 a m9ority1 & ! demoralization          
inevitably result+ f x1 is a ph5om5on t 
has always occupi$ me & has done s mo/  
p>ticul>ly ( late4 ,i w try to expla9 to
 y :at ,i ?9k ab\t t subject 9 g5]al1 & 
p>ticul>ly ab\t ! cause f :i* ! dreadful
 evils ( :i* y write 9 y\r lett]1 & 9 ! 

,h9du p]iodical y h s5t me1 h aris5 &   
cont9ue to arise4  ,! reason = ! a/oni%+
 fact t a majority ( work+ p submit to a
 h&ful ( idl]s :o control _! lab\r & _! 
v lives is always & ev]y:]e ! same--:e!r
 ! oppressors & oppress$ are ( "o race  
or :e!r1 z 9 ,india & else:]e1 !        
oppressors are ( a diff]5t nation4  ,?is
 ph5om5on seems p>ticul>ly /range 9     
,india1 = !re m ?an two hundr$ million  
p1 highly gift$ bo? physically &        
m5tally1 f9d !mselves 9 ! p[] ( a small 
gr\p ( p q ali5 to !m 9 ?\ght1 &        
immeasurably inf]ior to !m 9 religi\s   
morality4  ,f y\r lett] & ! articles 9  
,free ,h9du/an z well z f ! v int]e/+   
writ+s ( ! ,h9du ,swami ,vivekan&a &    
o!rs1 x appe>s t1 z is ! case 9 our "t )
 ! ills ( all nations1 ! reason lies 9 !
 lack ( a reasonable religi\s tea*+ :i* 
by expla9+ ! mean+ ( life w\ld supply a 
supreme law = ! guidance ( conduct &    
w\ld replace ! m ?an dubi\s precepts (  
pseudo-religion & pseudo-sci5ce ) !     
immoral conclusions d$uc$ f !m &        

commonly call$ 'civilization'4  ,y\r    
lett]1 z well z ! articles 9 ,free      
,h9du/an & ,indian political lit]ature  
g5]ally1 %[s t mo/ ( ! lead]s ( public  
op9ion among y\r p no long] atta* any   
significance to ! religi\s tea*+s t 7 & 
are pr(ess$ by ! peoples ( ,india1 &    
recognize no possibility ( free+ ! p f !
 oppression !y endure except by adopt+ !
 irreligi\s & pr(\ndly immoral social   
arrangem5ts "u :i* ! ,engli% & o!r      
pseudo-,*ri/ian nations live to-day4  ,&
 yet ! *ief if n ! sole cause ( !       
enslavem5t ( ! ,indian peoples by !     
,engli% lies 9 ?is v abs5ce ( a religi\s
 consci\sness & ( ! guidance = conduct  
:i* %\ld fl[ f x--a lack common 9 our   
day to all nations ,ea/ & ,we/1 f ,japan
 to ,engl& & ,am]ica alike4     ,,ii    
,o ye1 :o see p]plexities ov] y\r heads1
 b5ea? y\r feet1 & to ! "r & left ( y2 y
 w be an et]nal enigma unto y\rselves   
until ye become humble & joyful z       
*ildr54 ,!n w ye f9d ,me1 & hav+ f\nd   
,me 9 y\rselves1 y w rule ov] worlds1 & 

look+ out f ! great _w )9 to ! little _w
 )\t1 y w bless ev]y?+ t is1 & f9d all  
is well ) "t & ) y4 ,,kri%na4   ,to make
 my ?\ghts cle> to y ,i mu/ g f>!r back4
 ,we d n1 _c1 & ,i v5ture to say ne$ n1 
"k h[ m5 liv$ millions ( ye>s ago or ev5
 t5 ?\s& ye>s ago1 b we d "k positively 
t1 z f> back z we h any k ( mank9d1 x   
has always liv$ 9 special gr\ps (       
families1 tribes1 & nations 9 :i* !     
majority1 9 ! conviction t x mu/ be s1  
submissively & will+ly b[$ to ! rule (  
"o or m p]sons--t is to a v small       
m9ority4 ,despite all v>ieties (        
circum/ances & p]sonalities ^! relations
 manife/$ !mselves among ! v>i\s peoples
 ( ^: orig9 we h any k2 & ! f>!r back we
 g ! m absolutely necess>y did ?is      
arrangem5t appe>1 bo? to ! rul]s & !    
rul$1 to make x possible = p to live    
peacefully toge!r4  ,s x 0 ev]y:]e4 ,b  
?\gh ?is ext]nal =m ( life exi/$ =      
c5turies & /ill exi/s1 v e>ly--?\s&s (  
ye>s be=e our "t--amid ?is life bas$ on 
co]cion1 "o & ! same ?\ght con/antly    

em]g$ among diff]5t nations1 namely1 t 9
 e individual a spiritual elem5t is     
manife/$ t gives life to all t exi/s1 & 
t ?is spiritual elem5t /rives to unite )
 ev]y?+ ( a l nature to itself1 & atta9s
 ?is aim ?r\gh love4 ,?is ?\ght appe>$ 9
 mo/ v>i\s =ms at diff]5t times &       
places1 ) v>y+ complet5ess & cl>ity4 ,x 
f\nd expression 9 ,brahmanism1 ,judaism1
 ,mazdaism 7! tea*+s ( ,zoroa/]71 9     
,buddhism1 ,taoism1 ,confucianism1 & 9 !
 writ+s ( ! ,greek & ,roman sages1 z    
well z 9 ,*ri/ianity & ,mohamm$anism4 ,!
 m]e fact t ?is ?\ght has sprung up     
among diff]5t nations & at diff]5t times
 indicates t x is inh]5t 9 human nature 
& conta9s ! tru?4 ,b ?is tru? 0 made    
kn[n to p :o consid]$ t a community c\ld
 only be kept toge!r if "s ( !m re/ra9$ 
o!rs1 & s x appe>$ q irreconcilable ) ! 
exi/+ ord] ( society4 ,moreov] x 0 at   
fir/ express$ only fragm5t>ily1 & s     
obscurely t ?\gh p admitt$ its !oretic  
tru? !y c\ld n entirely accept x z      
guidance = _! conduct4 ,!n1 too1 !      

dissem9ation ( ! tru? 9 a society bas$  
on co]cion 0 always h9d]$ 9 "o & ! same 
mann]1 namely1 ^? 9 p[]1 feel+ t !      
recognition ( ?is tru? w\ld und]m9e _!  
position1 consci\sly or sometimes       
unconsci\sly p]v]t$ x by explanations & 
additions q =eign to x1 & also oppos$ x 
by op5 viol5ce4 ,?us ! tru?--t 8 life   
%\ld be direct$ by ! spiritual elem5t   
:i* is its basis1 :i* manife/s itself z 
love1 & :i* is s natural to man--?is    
tru?1 9 ord] to =ce a way to man's      
consci\sness1 _h to /ruggle n m]ely     
aga9/ ! obscurity ) :i* x 0 express$ & !
 int5tional & un9t5tional di/ortions    
surr\nd+ x1 b also aga9/ delib]ate      
viol5ce1 :i* by means ( p]secutions &   
puni%m5ts s\ght to compel m5 to accept  
religi\s laws au?oriz$ by ! rul]s &     
conflict+ ) ! tru?4 ,su* a h9drance &   
misrepres5tation ( ! tru?--:i* _h n yet 
a*iev$ complete cl>ity--occurr$ ev]y:]e3
 9 ,confucianism & ,taoism1 9 ,buddhism 
& 9 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ,mohamm$anism & 9 y\r
 ,brahmanism4     ,,iii   ,my h& has s[$

 love ev]y:]e1 giv+ unto all t w        
receive4 ,bless+s are (f]$ unto all ,my 
*ildr51 b _m times 9 _! bl9dness !y fail
 to see !m4 ,h[ few !re are :o ga!r !   
gifts :i* lie 9 pr(usion at _! feet3 h[ 
_m !re are1 :o1 9 wilful wayw>dness1    
turn _! eyes away f !m & compla9 ) a    
wail t !y h n t :i* ,i h giv5 !m2 _m (  
!m defiantly repudiate n only ,my gifts1
 b ,me also1 ,me1 ! ,s\rce ( all bless+s
 & ! ,au?or ( _! be+4 ,,kri%na4  ,i t>ry
 a:ile f ! turmoil & /rife ( ! _w4 ,i w 
beautify & quick5 ?y life ) love & )    
joy1 = ! light ( ! s\l is ,love4 ,:]e   
,love is1 !re is cont5tm5t & peace1 &   
:]e !re is cont5tm5t & peace1 !re am ,i1
 also1 9 _! mid/4 ,,kri%na4  ,! aim ( ! 
s9less ,"o consi/s 9 act+ )\t caus+     
sorr[ to o!rs1 al?\gh he c\ld atta9 to  
great p[] by ignor+ _! feel+s4  ,! aim (
 ! s9less ,"o lies 9 n do+ evil unto ^? 
:o h done evil unto him4  ,if a man     
causes suff]+ ev5 to ^? :o hate him )\t 
any reason1 he w ultimately h grief n to
 be ov]come4  ,! puni%m5t ( evil do]s   

consi/s 9 mak+ !m feel a%am$ ( !mselves 
by do+ !m a great k9dness4  ,( :at use  
is sup]ior k 9 ! "o1 if he does n       
endeav\r to relieve 8 neighb\r's want z 
mu* z 8 own8  ,if1 9 ! morn+1 a man     
wi%es to d evil unto ano!r1 9 ! ev5+ !  
evil w return to him4   ,,! ,,h9du      
,,kural4   ,?us x w5t on ev]y:]e4 ,!    
recognition t love repres5ts ! highe/   
morality 0 n[h]e d5i$ or contradict$1 b 
?is tru? 0 s int]wov5 ev]y:]e ) all k9ds
 ( falsehoods :i* di/ort$ x1 t f9ally   
no?+ ( x rema9$ b words4 ,x 0 taught t  
?is highe/ morality 0 only applicable to
 private life--= home use1 z x 7--b t 9 
public life all =ms ( viol5ce--su* z    
imprisonm5t1 executions1 & w>s--might be
 us$ = ! protection ( ! majority aga9/ a
 m9ority ( evildo]s1 ?\gh su* means 7   
diametrically oppos$ to any ve/ige (    
love4 ,& ?\gh common s5se indicat$ t if 
"s m5 claim to decide :o is to be       
subject$ to viol5ce ( all k9ds = !      
b5efit ( o!rs1 ^! m5 to :om viol5ce is  
appli$ may1 9 turn1 arrive at a simil>  

conclusion ) reg>d to ^? :o h employ$   
viol5ce to !m1 & ?\gh ! great religi\s  
tea*]s ( ,brahmanism1 ,buddhism1 & above
 all ( ,*ri/ianity1 =esee+ su* a        
p]v]sion ( ! law ( love1 h con/antly    
drawn att5tion to ! "o inv>iable        
condition ( love 7namely1 ! endur+ (    
injuries1 insults1 & viol5ce ( all k9ds 
)\t resi/+ evil by evil7 p              
cont9u$--reg>dless ( all t leads man    
=w>d--to try to unite ! incompatibles3 !
 virtue ( love1 & :at is oppos$ to love1
 namely1 ! re/ra9+ ( evil by viol5ce4 ,&
 su* a tea*+1 despite its inn]          
contradiction1 0 s firmly e/abli%$ t ! v
 p :o recognize love z a virtue accept z
 lawful at ! same "t an ord] ( life bas$
 on viol5ce & all[+ m5 n m]ely to       
torture b ev5 to kill "o ano!r4  ,= a   
long "t p liv$ 9 ?is obvi\s             
contradiction )\t notic+ x4 ,b a "t     
arriv$ :5 ?is contradiction became m & m
 evid5t to ?9k]s ( v>i\s nations4 ,& !  
old & simple tru? t x is natural = m5 to
 help & to love "o ano!r1 b n to torture

 & to kill "o ano!r1 became ev] cle>]1 s
 t few] & few] p 7 able to believe !    
sophi/ries by :i* ! di/ortion ( ! tru?  
_h be5 made s plausible4  ,9 =m] times !
 *ief me?od ( ju/ify+ ! use ( viol5ce & 
!reby infr++ ! law ( love 0 by claim+ a 
div9e "r = ! rul]s3 ! ,ts>s1 ,sultans1  
,rajahs1 ,%ahs1 & o!r heads ( /ates4 ,b 
! long] humanity liv$ ! weak] grew !    
belief 9 ?is peculi>1 ,god--giv5 "r ( ! 
rul]4 ,t belief )]$ 9 ! same way & almo/
 simultane\sly 9 ! ,*ri/ian & ! ,brahman
 _w1 z well z 9 ,buddhi/ & ,confucian   
sph]es1 & 9 rec5t times x has s fad$    
away z to prevail no long] aga9/ man's  
reasonable und]/&+ & ! true religi\s    
feel+4 ,p saw m & m cle>ly1 & n[ !      
majority see q cle>ly1 ! s5selessness & 
immorality ( subord9at+ _! wills to ^? (
 o!r p j l !mselves1 :5 !y are bidd5 to 
d :at is contr>y n only to _! int]e/s b 
also to _! moral s5se4 ,& s "o might    
suppose t hav+ lo/ confid5ce 9 any      
religi\s au?ority = a belief 9 ! div9ity
 ( pot5tates ( v>i\s k9ds1 p w\ld try to

 free !mselves f subjection to x4 ,b    
un=tunately n only 7 ! rul]s1 :o 7      
consid]$ sup]natural be+s1 b5efit$ by   
hav+ ! peoples 9 subjection1 b z a      
result ( ! belief 91 & dur+ ! rule (1 ^!
 pseudodiv9e be+s1 ev] l>g] & l>g]      
circles ( p gr\p$ & e/abli%$ !mselves   
ar\nd !m1 & "u an appe>ance ( gov]n+    
took advantage ( ! p4 ,& :5 ! old       
deception ( a sup]natural & ,god-appo9t$
 au?ority _h dw9dl$ away ^! m5 7 only   
conc]n$ to devise a new "o :i* l its    
pr$ecessor %\ld make x possible to hold 
! p 9 bondage to a limit$ numb] ( rul]s4
     ,,iv   ,*ildr51 d y want to "k by  
:at y\r he>ts %\ld be guid$8 ,?r[ aside 
y\r long+s & /riv+s aft] t :i* is null &
 void2 get rid ( y\r errone\s ?\ghts    
ab\t happ9ess & wisdom1 & y\r empty &   
ins9c]e desires4 ,disp5se ) ^! & y w "k 
,love4 ,,kri%na4  ,be n ! de/roy]s (    
y\rselves4 ,arise to y\r true ,be+1 & !n
 y w h no?+ to fe>4 ,,kri%na4   ,new    
ju/ifications h n[ appe>$ 9 place ( !   
antiquat$1 obsolete1 religi\s ones4 ,^! 

new ju/ifications are j z inadequate z !
 old ones1 b z !y are new _! futility _c
 imm$iately be recogniz$ by ! majority (
 m54 ,besides ?is1 ^? :o enjoy p[]      
propagate ^! new sophi/ries & support !m
 s skilfully t !y seem irrefutable ev5  
to _m ( ^? :o suff] f ! oppression ^!   
!ories seek to ju/ify4 ,^! new          
ju/ifications are t]m$ 'sci5tific'4 ,b  
by ! t]m 'sci5tific' is und]/ood j :at 0
 =m]ly und]/ood by ! t]m 'religi\s'3 j z
 =m]ly ev]y?+ call$ 'religi\s' 0 held to
 be unque/ionable simply because x 0    
call$ religi\s1 s n[ all t is call$     
'sci5tific' is held to be unque/ionable4
 ,9 ! pres5t case ! obsolete religi\s   
ju/ification ( viol5ce :i* consi/$ 9 !  
recognition ( ! sup]natural p]sonality (
 ! ,god-orda9$ rul] 7'!re is no p[] b ( 
,god'7 has be5 sup]s$$ by ! 'sci5tific' 
ju/ification :i* puts =w>d1 fir/1 !     
ass]tion t because ! co]cion ( man by   
man has exi/$ 9 all ages1 x foll[s t su*
 co]cion mu/ cont9ue to exi/4 ,?is      
ass]tion t p %\ld cont9ue to live z !y h

 done ?r\gh\t pa/ ages r ?an z _! reason
 & consci5ce indicate1 is :at 'sci5ce'  
calls '! hi/oric law'4 ,a fur!r         
'sci5tific' ju/ification lies 9 !       
/atem5t t z among plants & wild bea/s   
!re is a con/ant /ruggle = exi/5ce :i*  
always results 9 ! survival ( ! fitte/1 
a simil> /ruggle %\ld be c>ri$ on among 
human be+s--be+s1 t is1 :o are gift$ )  
intellig5ce & love2 faculties lack+ 9 ! 
creatures subject to ! /ruggle = exi/5ce
 & survival ( ! fitte/4 ,su* is ! second
 'sci5tific' ju/ification4  ,! ?ird1 mo/
 important1 & un=tunately mo/ widespread
 ju/ification is1 at bottom1 ! age-old  
religi\s "o j a little alt]$3 t 9 public
 life ! suppression ( "s = ! protection 
( ! majority _c be avoid$--s t co]cion  
is unavoidable h[ev] desirable reliance 
on love alone might be 9 human          
int]c\rse4 ,! only diff]5ce 9 ?is       
ju/ification by pseudo-sci5ce consi/s 9 
! fact t1 to ! "q :y su* & su* p & n    
o!rs h ! "r to decide aga9/ :om viol5ce 
may & mu/ be us$1 pseudo-sci5ce n[ gives

 a diff]5t reply to t giv5 by           
religion--:i* decl>$ t ! "r to decide 0 
valid because x 0 pron\nc$ by p]sons    
possess$ ( div9e p[]4 ',sci5ce' says t  
^! decisions repres5t ! w ( ! p1 :i* "u 
a con/itutional =m ( gov]nm5t is suppos$
 to f9d expression 9 all ! decisions &  
actions ( ^? :o are at ! helm at !      
mom5t4  ,su* are ! sci5tific            
ju/ifications ( ! pr9ciple ( co]cion4   
,!y are n m]ely weak b absolutely       
invalid1 yet !y are s mu* ne$$ by ^? :o 
occupy privileg$ positions t !y believe 
9 !m z bl9dly z !y =m]ly believ$ 9 !    
immaculate conception1 & propagate !m j 
z confid5tly4 ,& ! un=tunate majority ( 
m5 b\nd to toil is s dazzl$ by ! pomp ) 
:i* ^! 'sci5tific tru?s' are pres5t$1 t 
"u ?is new influ5ce x accepts ^!        
sci5tific /upidities = holy tru?1 j z x 
=m]ly accept$ ! pseudo-religi\s         
ju/ifications2 & x cont9ues to submit to
 ! pres5t hold]s ( p[] :o are j z       
h>d-he>t$ b r m num]\s ?an be=e4     ,v 
,:o am ,i8 ,i am t :i* ?\ ha/ se>*$ =   

s9ce ?y baby eyes gaz$ wond]+ly ^u ! _w1
 ^: horizon hides ?is real life f !e4 ,i
 am t :i* 9 ?y he>t ?\ ha/ pray$ =1     
dem&$ z ?y bir?right1 al?\gh ?\ ha/ n   
kn[n :at x 04 ,i am t :i* has la9 9 ?y  
s\l = hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,sometimes
 ,i lay 9 !e griev+ because ?\ did/ n   
recognize me2 sometimes ,i rais$ my     
head1 op5$ my eyes1 & ext5d$ my arms    
call+ !e ei!r t5d]ly & quietly1 or      
/r5u\sly1 dem&+ t ?\ %\ld/ rebel aga9/ !
 iron *a9s :i* b\nd !e to ! e>?4        
,,kri%na4   ,s matt]s w5t on1 & /ill g  
on1 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,b we might h hope 
t 9 ! imm5se ,brahman1 ,buddhi/1 &      
,confucian worlds ?is new sci5tific     
sup]/ition w\ld n e/abli% itself1 & t ! 
,*9ese1 ,japanese1 & ,h9dus1 once _!    
eyes 7 op5$ to ! religi\s fraud ju/ify+ 
viol5ce1 w\ld advance directly to a     
recognition ( ! law ( love inh]5t 9     
humanity1 & :i* _h be5 s =cibly         
enunciat$ by ! great ,ea/]n tea*]s4 ,b  
:at has happ5$ is t ! sci5tific         
sup]/ition replac+ ! religi\s "o has be5

 accept$ & secur$ a /rong] & /rong] hold
 9 ! ,ea/4  ,9 y\r p]iodical y set out z
 ! basic pr9ciple :i* %\ld guide !      
actions ( y\r p ! maxim t3 ',resi/ance  
to aggression is n simply ju/ifiable b  
imp]ative1 nonresi/ance hurts bo?       
,altruism & ,egotism4'  ,love is ! only 
way to rescue humanity f all ills1 & 9 x
 y too h ! only me?od ( sav+ y\r p f    
enslavem5t4 ,9 v anci5t times love 0    
proclaim$ ) special /r5g? & cle>ness    
among y\r p to be ! religi\s basis (    
human life4 ,love1 & =cible resi/ance to
 evil-do]s1 involve su* a mutual        
contradiction z to de/roy utt]ly ! :ole 
s5se & mean+ ( ! conception ( love4 ,&  
:at foll[s8 ,) a light he>t & 9 !       
tw5tie? c5tury y1 an adh]5t ( a religi\s
 p1 d5y _! law1 feel+ conv9c$ ( y\r     
sci5tific enlight5m5t & y\r "r to d s1 &
 y repeat 7d n take ?is amiss7 ! amaz+  
/upidity indoctr9at$ 9 y by ! advocates 
( ! use ( viol5ce--! enemies ( tru?1 !  
s]vants fir/ ( !ology & !n ( sci5ce--y\r
 ,european tea*]s4  ,y say t ! ,engli% h

 enslav$ y\r p & hold !m 9 subjection   
because ! latt] h n resi/$ resolutely   
en\gh & h n met =ce by =ce4  ,b ! case  
is j ! opposite4 ,if ! ,engli% h enslav$
 ! p ( ,india x is j because ! latt]    
recogniz$1 & /ill recognize1 =ce z !    
fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! social ord]4 ,9 
accord ) t pr9ciple !y submitt$ to _!   
little rajahs1 & on _! behalf /ruggl$   
aga9/ "o ano!r1 f\ght ! ,europeans1 !   
,engli%1 & are n[ try+ to fight ) !m    
aga94  ,a comm]cial company enslav$ a   
nation compris+ two hundr$ millions4    
,tell ?is to a man free f sup]/ition &  
he w fail to grasp :at ^! words mean4   
,:at does x mean t ?irty ?\s& m51 n     
a?letes b r weak & ord9>y p1 h subdu$   
two hundr$ million vigor\s1 clev]1      
capable1 & fre$om-lov+ p8 ,d n ! figures
 make x cle> t x is n ! ,engli% :o h    
enslav$ ! ,indians1 b ! ,indians :o h   
enslav$ !mselves8  ,:5 ! ,indians       
compla9 t ! ,engli% h enslav$ !m x is z 
if drunk>ds compla9$ t ! _s-deal]s :o h 
settl$ among !m h enslav$ !m4 ,y tell !m

 t !y might give up dr9k+1 b !y reply t 
!y are s accu/om$ to x t !y _c ab/a91 & 
t !y mu/ h alcohol to keep up _! en]gy4 
,is x n ! same ?+ ) ! millions ( p :o   
submit to ?\s&s' or ev5 to hundr$s1 (   
o!rs--( _! own or o!r nations8  ,if ! p 
( ,india are enslav$ by viol5ce x is    
only because !y !mselves live & h liv$  
by viol5ce1 & d n recognize ! et]nal law
 ( love inh]5t 9 humanity4  ,pitiful &  
fooli% is ! man :o seeks :at he already 
has1 & does n "k t he has x4 ,yes1      
,pitiful & fooli% is he :o does n "k !  
bliss ( love :i* surr\nds him & :i* ,i h
 giv5 him4 ,,kri%na4   ,z soon z m5 live
 entirely 9 accord ) ! law ( love       
natural to _! he>ts & n[ reveal$ to !m1 
:i* excludes all resi/ance by viol5ce1 &
 !re=e hold alo( f all p>ticipation 9   
viol5ce--z soon z ?is happ5s1 n only w  
hundr$s be unable to enslave millions1 b
 n ev5 millions w be able to enslave a  
s+le individual4 ,d n resi/ ! evil-do] &
 take no "p 9 do+ s1 ei!r 9 ! viol5t    
de$s ( ! adm9i/ration1 9 ! law c\rts1 ! 

collection ( taxes1 or above all 9      
soldi]+1 & no "o 9 ! _w w be able to    
enslave y4     ,,vi   ,o ye :o sit 9    
bondage & cont9ually seek & pant =      
fre$om1 seek only = love4 ,love is peace
 9 itself & peace :i* gives complete    
satisfaction4 ,i am ! key t op5s !      
portal to ! r>ely discov]$ l& :]e       
cont5tm5t alone is f\nd4 ,,kri%na4  ,:at
 is n[ happ5+ to ! p ( ! ,ea/ z ( ! ,we/
 is l :at happ5s to e individual :5 he  
passes f *ildhood to adolesc5ce & f y\? 
to manhood4 ,he loses :at _h hi!rto     
guid$ 8 life & lives )\t direction1 n   
hav+ f\nd a new /&>d suitable to 8 age1 
& s he inv5ts all sorts ( occupations1  
c>es1 di/ractions1 & /upefactions to    
div]t 8 att5tion f ! mis]y &            
s5selessness ( 8 life4 ,su* a condition 
may la/ a long "t4  ,:5 an individual   
passes f "o p]iod ( life to ano!r a "t  
comes :5 he _c g on 9 s5seless activity 
& excitem5t z be=e1 b has to und]/& t   
al?\gh he has outgr[n :at be=e us$ to   
direct him1 ?is does n mean t he mu/    

live )\t any reasonable guidance1 b r t 
he mu/ =mulate = himself an und]/&+ (   
life correspond+ to 8 age1 & hav+       
elucidat$ x mu/ be guid$ by x4 ,& 9 !   
same way a simil> "t mu/ come 9 ! gr[? &
 developm5t ( humanity4 ,i believe t su*
 a "t has n[ arriv$--n 9 ! s5se t x has 
come 9 ! ye> #aijh1 b t ! inh]5t        
contradiction ( human life has n[ rea*$ 
an extreme degree ( t5sion3 on ! "o side
 !re is ! consci\sness ( ! b5efic5ce ( !
 law ( love1 & on ! o!r ! exi/+ ord] (  
life :i* has = c5turies occasion$ an    
empty1 anxi\s1 re/less1 & tr\bl$ mode ( 
life1 conflict+ z x does ) ! law ( love 
& built on ! use ( viol5ce4 ,?is        
contradiction mu/ be fac$1 & ! solution 
w evid5tly n be fav\rable to ! outliv$  
law ( viol5ce1 b to ! tru? :i* has dwelt
 9 ! he>ts ( m5 f remote antiquity3 !   
tru? t ! law ( love is 9 accord ) !     
nature ( man4  ,b m5 c only recognize   
?is tru? to its full ext5t :5 !y h      
completely fre$ !mselves f all religi\s 
& sci5tific sup]/itions & f all !       

consequ5t misrepres5tations & sophi/ical
 di/ortions by :i* its recognition has  
be5 h9d]$ = c5turies4  ,to save a s9k+  
%ip x is necess>y to ?r[ ov]bo>d !      
balla/1 :i* ?\gh x may once h be5 ne$$  
w\ld n[ cause ! %ip to s9k4 ,& s x is ) 
! sci5tific sup]/ition :i* hides ! tru? 
( _! welf>e f mank9d4 ,9 ord] t m5 %\ld 
embrace ! tru?--n 9 ! vague way !y did 9
 *ildhood1 nor 9 ! "o-sid$ & p]v]t$ way 
pres5t$ to !m by _! religi\s & sci5tific
 tea*]s1 b embrace x z _! highe/ law--! 
complete lib]ation ( ?is tru? f all & e 
sup]/ition 7bo? pseudo-religi\s &       
pseudo-sci5tific7 by :i* x is /ill      
obscur$ is ess5tial3 n a p>tial1 timid  
attempt1 reckon+ ) traditions sanctifi$ 
by age & ) ! habits ( ! p--n su* z 0    
effect$ 9 ! religi\s sph]e by           
,guru-,nanak1 ! f\nd] ( ! sect ( !      
,sikhs1 & 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w by ,lu!r1 & by
 simil> re=m]s 9 o!r religions--b a     
fundam5tal cleans+ ( religi\s           
consci\sness f all anci5t religi\s &    
mod]n sci5tific sup]/itions4  ,if only p

 fre$ !mselves f _! beliefs 9 all k9ds (
 ,ormuzds1 ,brahmas1 ,sabbao?s1 & _!    
inc>nation z ,kri%nas & ,*ri/s1 f       
beliefs 9 ,p>adises & ,hells1 9         
re9c>nations & resurrections1 f belief 9
 ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,gods 9 ! ext]nal      
affairs ( ! univ]se1 & above all1 if !y 
fre$ !mselves f belief 9 ! infallibility
 ( all ! v>i\s ,v$as1 ,bibles1 ,gospels1
 ,tripitakas1 ,korans1 & ! l1 & also    
fre$ !mselves f bl9d belief 9 a v>iety (
 sci5tific tea*+s ab\t inf9itely small  
atoms & molecules & 9 all ! inf9itely   
great & inf9itely remote worlds1 _!     
movem5ts & orig91 z well z f fai? 9 !   
infallibility ( ! sci5tific law to :i*  
humanity is at pres5t subject$3 !       
hi/oric law1 ! economic laws1 ! law (   
/ruggle & survival1 & s on--if p only   
fre$ !mselves f ?is t]rible accumulation
 ( futile ex]cises ( our l[] capacities 
( m9d & memory call$ ! ',sci5ces'1 & f !
 innum]able divisions ( all sorts (     
hi/ories1 an?ropologies1 homiletics1    
bact]iologics1 jurisprud5ces1           

cosmographies1 /rategies--_! "n is      
legion--& fre$ !mselves f all ?is       
h>mful1 /upify+ balla/--! simple law (  
love1 natural to man1 accessible to all 
& solv+ all que/ions & p]plexities1 w\ld
 ( itself become cle> & obligatory4     
,,vii   ,*ildr51 look at ! fl[]s at y\r 
feet2 d n trample ^u !m4 ,look at ! love
 9 y\r mid/ & d n repudiate x4 ,,kri%na4
  ,!re is a high] reason :i* transc5ds  
all human m9ds4 ,x is f> & ne>4 ,x      
p]meates all ! worlds & at ! same "t is 
inf9itely high] ?an !y4  ,a man :o sees 
t all ?+s are conta9$ 9 ! high] _s _c   
treat any be+ ) contempt4  ,= him to :om
 all spiritual be+s are equal to !      
highe/ !re c be no room = deception or  
grief4  ,^? :o are ignorant & are devot$
 to ! religi\s rites only1 are 9 a deep 
gloom1 b ^? :o are giv5 up to fruitless 
m$itations are 9 a /ill great] d>kness4 
,,upani%ads1 ,,f ,,v$as4   ,yes1 9 our  
"t all ^! ?+s mu/ be cle>$ away 9 ord] t
 mank9d may escape f self-inflict$      
calamities t h rea*$ an extreme         

int5sity4 ,:e!r an ,indian seeks        
lib]ation f subjection to ! ,engli%1 or 
anyone else /ruggles ) an oppressor ei!r
 ( 8 own nationality or ( ano!r--:e!r x 
be a ,negro def5d+ himself aga9/ ! ,nor?
 ,am]icans2 or ,p]sians1 ,russians1 or  
,turks aga9/ ! ,p]sian1 ,russian1 or    
,turki% gov]nm5ts1 or any man seek+ !   
greate/ welf>e = himself & = ev]ybody   
else--!y d n ne$ explanations &         
ju/ifications ( old religi\s sup]/itions
 su* z h be5 =mulat$ by y\r ,vivekan&as1
 ,baba ,bh>atis1 & o!rs1 or 9 ! ,*ri/ian
 _w by a numb] ( simil> int]pret]s &    
expon5ts ( ?+s t nobody ne$s2 nor !     
innum]able sci5tific !ories ab\t matt]s 
n only unnecess>y b = ! mo/ "p h>mful4  
7,9 ! spiritual realm no?+ is indiff]5t3
 :at is n useful is h>mful47 ,:at are   
want$ = ! ,indian z = ! ,engli%man1 !   
,fr5*man1 ! ,g]man1 & ! ,russian1 are n 
,con/itutions & ,revolutions1 nor all   
sorts ( ,conf]5ces & ,congresses1 nor ! 
_m +5i\s devices = subm>9e navigation & 
a]ial navigation1 nor p[]ful explosives1

 nor all sorts ( conv5i5ces to add to ! 
enjoym5t ( ! ri*1 rul+ classes2 nor new 
s*ools & univ]sities ) innum]able       
faculties ( sci5ce1 nor an augm5tation (
 pap]s & books1 nor gramophones &       
c9ematographs1 nor ^? *ildi% & = ! mo/  
"p corrupt /upidities t]m$ art--b "o ?+ 
only is ne$ful3 ! k ( ! simple & cle>   
tru? :i* f9ds place 9 e s\l t is n      
/upefi$ by religi\s & sci5tific         
sup]/itions--! tru? t = our life "o law 
is valid--! law ( love1 :i* br+s !      
highe/ happ9ess to e individual z well z
 to all mank9d4 ,free y\r m9ds f ^?     
ov]gr[n1 m\nta9\s imbecilities :i* h9d] 
y\r recognition ( x1 & at once ! tru? w 
em]ge f amid ! pseudo-religi\s nons5se t
 has be5 smo!r+ x3 ! indubitable1 et]nal
 tru? inh]5t 9 man1 :i* is "o & ! same 9
 all ! great religions ( ! _w4 ,x w 9   
due "t em]ge & make its way to g5]al    
recognition1 & ! nons5se t has obscur$ x
 w disappe> ( itself1 & ) x w g ! evil f
 :i* humanity n[ suff]s4  ,*ildr51 look 
upw>ds ) y\r becl\d$ eyes1 & a _w full (

 joy & love w disclose itself to y1 a   
rational _w made by ,my wisdom1 ! only  
real _w4 ,!n y w "k :at love has done ) 
y1 :at love has be/[$ ^u y1 :at love    
dem&s f y4 ,,kri%na4   ,,yasnaya        
,,polyana4  ,decemb] #ad?1 #aijh4