,orig9ally scann$ at sacr$-texts4com by 
,john ,b4 ,h>e4  ,?is e,book 0 produc$  
by ,*etan ,k4 ,ja9        ,,!           
,,tattva-,,muktav,l      by ,pr4nn&a    
,*akrav>t9          ,,j\rnal    ,,(     
,,! ,,royal ,,asiatic ,,society4        
,new ,s]ies1 ,volume ,,xv      ,london1 
,trbn] & ,company    #ahhc      ,scann$ 
& edit$ by ,*ri/oph] ,m4 ,weim]1 ,april 
#bjjb        ,,art4 ,,iv4--,!           
,tattva-muktavl ( ,gau4da-pr4nn&a-*akra-
  v>t94  ,edit$ & ,translat$ by ,pr(4   
,e4 ,b4 ,,c[ell4      ,! foll[+ poem 0  
writt5 by a native ( ,b5gal1 nam$       
,pr4nn&a ,*akrav>t94  ,no?+ is kn[n z to
 8 date2 if  ! "w 7 id5tical ) ! poem ( 
! same "n m5tion$  9 ! acc\nt ( !       
,rmnuja sy/em 9 ,mdhava's               
,s>vad>anasa4mgraha1 x w\ld be1 ( c\rse1
 old] ?an !  f\rte5? c5tury1 b ?is is v 
unc]ta92 ,i %\ld be  incl9$ to assign x 
to a lat] date4  ,! *ief int]e/ ( !     
poem consi/s 9 its be+ a vigor\s attack 
on ! ,v$nta  sy/em by a foll[] ( !      
,pr4napraja s*ool1 :i* 0  f\nd$ by      

,madhva 7or n&atr?a7 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury 
9  ! ,s\? ( ,india4  ,"s acc\nt ( 8     
sy/em 7:i* 9 _m  respects agrees ) t (  
,rmnuja7 is giv5 9 ,wilson's  ,h9du     
,sects2 ,footnote3 ,works1 vol4 i4 pp4  
#aci-aej4  ,see also  ,pr(4 ,moni]      
,williams1 ,j4,r4,a4,s4 ,vol4 ,,xiv4    
,n4,s4 p4 #cjd4 b !  fulle/ acc\nt is to
 be f\nd 9 ! fif? *apt] ( !             
,s>vad>anasa4mgraha4  ,bo? ! ,rmnujas & 
! ,pr4naprajz  hold 9 opposition to !   
,v$nta ,footnote3 ,z ! diff]5t  sy/ems  
are arrang$ 9 ! ,s>va ,d4 ,s4 accord+ to
 !  irrespective relation to ! ,v$nta1  
we c easily und]/& :y  ,mdhava !re      
places ^! two sy/ems s l[ d[n 9 ! scale1
  & only j above ! a!i/ic s*ools ( !    
,*rvkas1  ,buddhi/s1 & ,ja9as4 t        
individual s\ls are di/9ct f  ,brahman2 
b !y diff] z to ! s5se 9 :i* !y are ?us 
di/9ct4  ,! =m] ma9ta9 t unity &        
plurality are  equally true f diff]5t   
po9ts ( view2 ! latt] hold t  ! relation
 betwe5 ! individual s\l & ,brahman is t
 ( a  ma/] & a s]vant1 & consequ5tly t  

!y are absolutely  sep>ate4  ,x ne$ n   
surprise u1 !re=e1 to see t1  al?\gh    
,rmnuja is prais$ 9 ! fifty-?ird sloka (
 ?is  poem z ! =emo/ ( ! le>n$1 "s ( 8  
t5ets are  attack$ 9 ! eightie?4    ,!  
,sanskrit text ( ?is poem 0 publi%$ 9 ! 
,b5>es  ,pa4n4dit = ,sept4 #ahga1 by    
,pa4n4dit ,ve*rma arman4  ,an edition1  
) a ,b5gali translation1 0 also publi%$ 
"s ye>s ago 9  ,calcutta1 by ,jagadn&a  
,goswm92 ,footnote3 ,no date is giv54  b
 ! text is s full ( false read+s ( e    
k9d1 & !  translation 9 consequ5ce goes 
s (t5 a/ray1 t ,i h n  f\nd mu* help f  
x4  ,i h collat$ ! text 9 ! ,b5>es      
,pa4n4dit 7,a47 ) a ,,ms4 7,b47 s5t to  
me by my fri5d1 ,pa4n4dit  ,mahea*&ra   
,nyy>atna1 ! ,pr9cipal ( ! ,calcutta    
,sanskrit  ,college4  ,he has also s5t  
me ! read+s 9 c]ta9 passages f  two     
,,mss4 9 ! ,calcutta ,sanskrit ,college 
,libr>y 7,c4,d472 & ,i  h to ?ank him = 
8 help 9 expla9+ "s obscure allusions4  
,! poem itself seems to me an int]e/+   
contribution to !  hi/ory ( ,h9du       

philosophical controv]sy1 ,footnote3    
,dr4 ,ban]jea  has quot$ & translat$    
sev]al /anzas 9 8 ',dialogues on ,h9du  
,philosophy4' & s ,i h subjo9$ a lit]al 
,engli% translation4  ,i w\ld v5ture to 
rem9d my read]s ( ! words ( ! manag] 9  
! prologue ( ! ,mlavikgnimitra1 ,e old  
poem is n good  because x is old1 nor is
 e mod]n poem to be blam$ simply        
because x is mod]n4                     
,,translation4      #a4 ,victori\s is ! 
g>l&-we>+ fo/]-son ( ,n&a1--!  protector
 ( 8 devotees1--! de/roy] ( ! cruel     
k+1--  d>k-blue l ! delicate tamla      
blossoms1--=midable ) 8  _m outspread   
rays1--mighty ) all 8 att5dant p[]s1    
,footnote3 ,! ,b5gali translation       
expla9s ^! z ! int]nal  p[]s 7ant>ang7  
,hld91 etc41 & ! ext]nal  7bahirang7    
,prahv1 etc4--& hav+ 8 =ehead radiant  l
 ! moon4    #b4 ,?is foll[] ( !         
,pur4nas1 :o holds by 8 own belief1     
reads to 8 he>t's cont5t ! ,pur4na 9 !  
morn+1 & he  li/5s devot$ly ) pr(\nd    
m$itation1 8 :ole m9d int5t  on ! mean+ 

( ! book4    #c4 ,hav+ ab&on$ ! doctr9e 
( ! on5ess ( ! individual  & ! ,supreme 
,s\l1 he e/abli%es by argum5t _! mutual 
diff]5ce2 hav+ us$ ruti & m4riti z a    
manifold pro(1 he  employs ,inf]5ce 9 _m
 ways 9 ! controv]sy4    #d4 ,?is       
individual s\l mu/ be diff]5t f ,brahman
 because x  is always circumscrib$1--_m 
are ! simil> argum5ts :i* are  to be    
ackn[l$g$ 9 ! c\rse ( our reason+s4     
#e4 ,might we n say t a j> & a web c\ld 
be call$ id5tical  because bo? are      
cognizable8 ,footnote3 ,!re is a        
fav\rite  ,naiyyik example ( a          
kevalnvayi middle t]m1 a j> is  nameable
 because x is cognizable z a web is4  ,b
 we _c say  s 9 reg>d to ^! two ?+s 9   
"q1 = ,brahman alone is  t :i* _c be    
cogniz$4    #f4 ,! s5t5ce ,?\ art ,t    
7tat tvam asi7 :i* is  und]/ood 9 its   
prim>y mean+ z ref]r+ to ! object ( !   
,v$a1 ,footnote3 ,or v$avi%aye may      
p]haps simply mean v$e1  cf4 l4 #aab4--!
 au?or ?us expla9s its mean+1 z he kn[s 
8  own doctr9e1 & has fix$ 8 m9d on !   

sy/em ( ,duality2 s9ce  ! ^w 't' 7tat7  
is "h indecl9able & implies a  diff]5ce1
 & ! ^w '?\' 7tvam7 means t :i* is to be
  diff]5tiat$1 ! sign ( ! g5itive case  
has be5 elid$2  ,footnote3 ,! au?or "h  
expla9s ! s5t5ce tat tvam asi1 z  really
 mean+ tasya tvam asi ?\ art ,its4 ?\   
only1 su*  is n ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce      
,footnote3 ,9 ,?\ art t1   '?\' & 't'   
w\ld ref] to ! same subject             
7smndhik>a4nya74    #g4 ,he is all-kn[+1
 all-see+1 ,himself ! ?ree worlds1 9 ^: 
belly ?\ art ?yself conta9$1--,he causes
 at once by a movem5t (  ! br[ !        
creation1 pres]vation1 & absorption (   
all be+s6  ,?\ art ignorant1 & only see/
 relatively1 ,he is ! adorable1 !  "o   
,witness ( all worlds2 ?\ art *ang+1 ,he
 is ,"o2 ?\ art all  dull & /a9$1 n su* 
is ,he4    #h4 ,z = ! text ,i am        
,brahman1 y mu/ take ! nom9ative case  z
 only us$ !re = ! g5itive by ! lic5ce ( 
an inspir$  speak]4  ,h[1 if x 7        
o!rwise1 w\ld !re be a g5itive 9 !      
illu/ration1 ,footnote3 ,?is is (t5 us$ 

z an illu/ration 9  ,v$nta works1 z e4g4
 ,b4rihad ra4ny4 ,up4 ii4 #a4 #bj1 z !  
spid] proce$s ) 8 web1 z ! little sp>ks 
proce$ f fire1  s f ?is ,s\l proce$ all 
vital airs1 all worlds1 all gods1 all   
be+s4 z 9 ! s5t5ce z ! sp>ks ( ! fire8  
#i4 ,! poets call a lad fire 7f 8 hot   
temp]71 ! face ! orb  ( a full moon1 !  
eye a blue lotus1 ! bosom m\nt ,m]u1 & !
  h& a "y %oot2 by a confusion ( !      
sup]impos$ appe>ance we  may ?us h !    
idea ( id5tity :]e !re is /ill a real   
diff]5ce2 & s too mu/ we deal ) ^? words
 ( ruti ,i am  ,brahman4 ,footnote3 ,?is
 is ano!r sugge/$ me?od ( int]pret+  !  
words ,i am ,brahman4  ,x may be only a 
common case ( qualifi$  sup]impon5t     
indication1  z ! man ( ! ,panjb is an ox
 7cf4  ,kvya ,praka1 ii4 #aj-ab74  ,cf4 
! def9ition ( upa*ra 9 !  ,shitya       
,d>pa4na3 upa*ro hi nmtyanta4m          
viakalitayoh  d4riytiayamahimn          
bh$apratti/haganamtram4    #aj4 ,z !re  
are _m waves 9 ! sea1 s are we _m       
individual  s\ls 9 ,brahman2 ! wave c   

nev] become ! sea2 h[ !n wilt  ?\1 !    
individual s\l1 become ,brahman8    #aa4
 ,9 ! dep?s ( all /ras ! two ?+s are bo?
 recogniz$1  k & ignorance2 s too virtue
 & vice2 & ?us also  sci5ce1 & next to x
 closely cl++ beh9d1 b o!r ?an x1       
appe>s false sci5ce2 ?us ev]y:]e !re are
 opposite pairs1 &  simil> is ! notori\s
 pair1 ,brahman & ! s\l4  ,h[ c ^!  two 
h on5ess8  ,let ! good answ] ) an       
upright m9d4    #ab4 ,?\1 ,o ,s\l1 art !
 reflection ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 :o       
possesses ! p[] ( illusion & is !       
sub/ratum ( all1 :ile  ,he1 ! adorable1 
%9es =? z ,himself ! orig9al2 ! "o moon 
9 ! sky is se5 manifold 9 wat] & ! l2   
!re=e !re  is a diff]5ce betwe5 !e &    
,brahman z betwe5 ! reflection  & its   
orig9al4    #ac4 ,yond] ,brahman is     
describ$ by ! words ( ! sacr$ texts z  n
 to be kn[n1 nor to be reason$ ab\t1 & z
 devoid ( all  desire2 b ?\ art )9 !    
range ( spee* & ( ?\ght2 h[  %all !re be
 on5ess ( !e & ,brahman8    #ad4 ,?\ art
 v]ily b]eft ( ?y und]/&+1 ,o individual

 ,s\l1  by ! d>kness ( ?is doctr9e (    
,my1 :ile ?\ con/antly  proclaime/ l a  
madman ,i am ,brahman2 :]e is ?y        
sov]eignty1  :]e ?y empire1 :]e ?y      
omnisci5ce8  ,!re is z va/ a  diff]5ce  
betwe5 ,brahman & !e z betwe5 m\nt ,m]u 
& a  mu/>d-se$6    #ae4 ,?\ art a f9ite 
s\l1 ,he is inde$ all-p]vad+2 ?\  /&e/  
only on "o spot1 :ile ,he is ev]y:]e    
always2 ?\1  be+ ( a mom5t1 art happy & 
unhappy2 ,he is happy at all times2  h[ 
can/ ?\ say ,i am ,he8  ,fie6 art ?\ n  
a%am$8    #af4 ,glass is glass1 & a gem 
is a gem2 a %ell is b a %ell1  & silv]  
is silv]2 !re is nev] se5 a             
transposition  ,footnote3 ,dr4 ,ban]jea 
7,dialogues1 p4 #cgi7 reads kadpy       
atyayajnam1 i4e4 vyabhi*ra2 b all !     
,,mss4 :i* ,i h  comp>$ read na kad     
vyatyaya 7or vyatyaya4m7 jnam2  kad     
seems irregul>ly us$ = kadpi1 z x is    
also 9  l4 #aac1 c4 among !m4  ,b :]ev] 
o!r ?+s are  imag9$1 to be f\nd 9 some?+
 else1 x is ?r\gh an error2  & s x is :5
 ! s\l utt]s su* words z t art ?\6      

#ag4 ,! mean+ ( ! ^w t 7tat7 is an ocean
 (  immortality1 fill$ ) manife/ &      
supreme felicity2 !  mean+ ( ! ^w ?\ is 
a mo/ mis]able be+1  bewild]$ 9 m9d     
?r\gh ! burd5 ( ! fe> ( exi/5ce2  ^! two
 c nev] be "o1 !y are divid$ by ! nature
 (  ?+s2 ! doctr9e ( ,non-unity is !    
tru? = all worlds1  ?\ art b ,8 slave4  
#ah4 ,if ,brahman 7 meant by ^! words1 !
 p[] employ$  w\ld n be ,d5otation1 = _!
 lit]al mean+ does n apply2  ,footnote3 
,9 su* s5t5ces z ,t art ?\1 ,i am       
,brahman1  etc41 ! prim>y p[] ( ! words1
 i4e4  ,d5otation  7abhidh71 c\ld n     
express ! uncondition$ ,brahman         
de/itute ( all attributes2 = ,d5otation 
re/s ^u  ! ord9>y  conv5tional mean+1 & 
h[ c\ld ?is take 9 an idea s f>  remov$ 
f ord9>y exp]i5ce8  ,nor c\ld x be !    
second>y  p[] ,indication 7lak%a4n71 z 9
 ! well- kn[n in/ance  ( ! h]d-/ation on
 ! ,ganges1 :]e ! ,ganges1 by           
indication1 means ! %ore & n ! /ream4   
,= indication  mu/ be bas$ on "s        
connexion betwe5 ! prim>y & !  indicat$ 

second>y mean+2 b h[ c t :i* is )\t a   
second be connect$ ) any?+8 consequ5tly 
x mu/ be !  second p[] ( a ^w1          
,indication4    #ai4 ,yet if s1 :y %\ld 
x be ,indication8 = ?is arises f  "s    
association ) ! prim>y mean+2 b ) :at c 
t  sub/ance be associat$ :i* is         
disconnect$ ) ev]y?+ &  )\t a second8   
#bj4 ,t p[] ( a ^w is ,indication1 by   
:i*1 :5 ! prim>y  mean+ is preclud$1 "s 
o!r mean+ is indicat$ 9 connexion  !re)1
 ?r\gh "s motive or ?r\gh common        
curr5cy2 & its  causes are ?us ?ree     
,footnote3 ,i suppose t ^! are 7#a7 !   
incompatibility ( ! prim>y s5se2 7#b7 ! 
common curr5cy ( !  second>y mean+1 e4g4
 :5 ,europe is us$ to imply its         
inhabitants 9 ! phrase ,europe makes w>3
 7#c7 a motive1 z 9  a h]d-/ation on !  
,ganges1 :]e ,ganges is us$ in/ead (  ! 
bank ( ! ,ganges1  9 ord] to imply !    
coolness & purity  ( ! spot4    #ba4 ,n[
 if !re is no ,d5otation 9 a phrase1 h[ 
c !re arise  any ,indication8  ,fir/ !re
 %\ld be "s prim>y mean+  preclud$1 & !n

 !re may be ! ,indication ( some?+ else4
    #bb4 ,:]e !re is no accept$         
,d5otation1 h[ c y !re h  ,indication8  
,if !re is no village1 h[ c !re be a    
b\nd>y8--  !re is no *ild )\t a fa!r    
,footnote3 ,cf4 ! ,b5gali prov]b  m? ni 
tr m?bya?1 he has no head & yet he has a
  heada*e4    #bc4 ,! lances ent]1 !    
swords1 ! b[s & arr[s1--"h we  h        
,indication2 = ! s5t5ce mu/ sugge/      
some?+ else to  complete itself1 z !re  
_c be entrance 9 ! case ( an  inanimate 
subject4    #bd4 ,a h]d-/ation on !     
,ganges1--"h we h ! self-sacrifice  ( ! 
prim>y to ano!r mean+1 s9ce ! ,ganges1 z
 be+ 9 !  =m ( wat]1 _c be ! site ( a   
h]d-/ation4    #be4 ,9 ! example gh is  
life !re is produc$ ! idea (  sam5ess ( 
=m2 9 ! example ?is is life !re arises !
  idea ( id5tity ,footnote3 ,9 ! fir/   
ex4 !re is uddha-  sropa-lak%a4n or pure
 sup]impon5t indication1 9 ! second  !re
 is uddha-sdhyavasna-l4 or pure         
introspeceptive  indication1 :]e ! gh is
 swall[$ up 9 ! life4  ,mo/  writ]s1    

h[ev]1 disall[ upa*ra 9 uddha-lak%a4n2  
b ! k ( ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ces w be produc$
  by a metaphor1--!re is n br\ght ab\t a
 real on5ess4    #bf4 ,! doctr9e (      
,id5tity is e/abli%$ ) a desp]ate ef=t1 
& m5 h rec\rse to ! p[] ,indication2 b  
!re are ?ree  ?+s :i* %\ld rise to our  
view1--! prim>y mean+1 !  indicat$      
mean+1 & _! connexion ,footnote3 ,he    
seems to imply  t ea* ( ^! ?ree         
requisites fails 9 ! pres5t case1--  !re
 is no prim>y mean+1 & /ill less a      
second>y1 & !re is  no connexion ) any  
o!r object44    #bg4 ,!re is "h no      
,d5otation f ! abs5ce ( conv5tional     
agreem5t2 !re is no ,indication f !     
abs5ce ( any reason to  e/abli% x2 by   
:at reason1 on ! !ory ( ,my1 c ,brahman 
be  ev] made kn[n8    #bh4 ,he is       
describ$ ,footnote3 ,he n[ proce$s to   
decl>e 8 own  op9ions 9 ! ,v$a by !     
prim>y p[] ( words ,d5otation z  ! ,mak]
 ( ! ,univ]se2 & by ,inf]5ce we e/abli% 
!  conclusion t all ^! ?+s h a ,mak]4   
#bi4 ,! ,v$as are a pro(1 ! m4ritis are 

a pro(2 !re is a be+  to be prov$ & kn[n
 !re 9 _m passages2 x is ! great        
,p]sonality :i* is to be made kn[n by   
all ! ,v$as1--!re=e x  is ?is :i* ! ,v$a
 takes z its subject4    #cj4 ,true     
v]bal te/imony produces k ev5 9 reg>d to
 t  :i* is absolutely non-exi/5t1--!n h[
 mu* m 9 reg>d to  ,brahman ! ,"l1 !    
mak] ( all t moves or is motionless6    
#ca4 ,x is said1 ,footnote3 ,taitt4     
,upani%4 ii4 #d4 ,spee* retires  !refrom
 toge!r ) ! ,m9d1--b ?is is its         
explanation1--  give e>3 ,toge!r ) !    
,m9d ,spee* makes ,him its object1 &  !n
 retires1 because ,8 nature is n to be  
fa?om$4    #cb4 ,brahman is n to be made
 ! object ( m9d or ( words1  ,footnote3 
,cf4 ! ,ka4?a ,up4 vi4 #ab1 ,! s\l is n 
to be rea*$  by spee* nor by ! m9d nor  
by ! eye4--f ?is say+ x is  und]/ood t  
he is only to be decl>$ by ,revelation1 
,revelation  has no falt]+ action       
,footnote3 ,= skhaladgati1 cf4          
,kvyapraka1 ii4 #af44    #cc4 ,he :o is 
v]s$ 9 ! ,^w-,brahman atta9s to ! highe/

  ,brahman1 ,footnote3 ,?is l9e is quot$
 f ruti 9 ! ,maitri  ,upani%ad1 vi4     
#bb4--surely su* words ( inspir$ sages  
are n  mi/ak5 babble4    #cd4 ,assur$ly 
! conv5tional mean+ ( ! words exi/5t1   
?\ght1 & joy applies to ,brahman1 j z ! 
words pot1  clo?1 etc41 ref] to ^?      
p>ticul> objects4    #ce4 ,! p]ception (
 ! conv5tional mean+ ( words is ar\s$   
by ! dialogue ( ! ord]] & ! ord]$2 &    
aft]w>ds by  ins]tion & omission ! *ild 
becomes ?or\ghly skill$ 9 !  use ( !    
words4 ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,shityad>pa4na1  
ii4 ,on ! old  man's say+1 :5 giv+      
directions to ! middle-ag$ man1 etc4  ,!
 ,shitya ,d4 uses ! t]ms vpoddhrau1 !   
,siddhntamuktval 7p4 #hj7 uses vpodvpan4
    #cf4 ,s ?r\gh he>+ ! words ( ! tea*]
 & repeat$ /udy  ( ! /ras ! conv5tional 
mean+ ( su* words z ,brahman1  etc41 is 
assur$ly produc$ 9 ! pupil4    #cg4 ,?is
 e>? mu/ surely h _h a mak]2 = its hav+ 
!  nature ( an effect is a sign1 j z we 
see to be ! case 9  pots1 etc4    #ch4  
,if x is e/abli%$ t ! supreme ,"l is !  

mak]1 !n  8 hav+ a body foll[s z a matt]
 ( c\rse ,footnote3 ,?is is  "o ( !     
t5ets ( ,rmnujas z well z ,pr4naprajz42 
= 9  all effects1 z pots & ! l1 ! mak]  
is se5 to h a body  & n to be bodiless4 
#ci4 ,! objector urges ,if ! supreme ,"l
 has a body1 !n he  w be l to be+s su* z
 we are2 !re _c be a mak]  )\t an       
int]m$iate ag5cy ,footnote3 ,! vypra or 
int]m$iate ag5cy is def9$ z taj-janyatve
 sati taj-janya-  janako hi vypra4h1--,i
 see no diff]5ce :atev]4    #dj4 ,b     
great is ! diff]5ce :i* is decl>$ to    
exi/ betwe5  ! ,adorable ,"l & m5 work+ 
) spades1 sickles1 pl\gh%>es1  & h&s2 ^!
 are helpless 9 ! six waves ,footnote3  
,comp>e  ! memorial l9e1 okamohau       
j>m4rity k%utpipse  %a4drmaya4h4 7(     
human infirmity17 & we>i$ ) ! burd5  (  
lab\r1--,he effects ev]y?+ by a m]e     
motion ( 8 br[4    #da4 ,! ,ma/] c make1
 n make ,footnote3 ,) ?is curi\s use  ( 
ak>tum 7ext5d+ ! analogy ( su* =ms z    
akurvan1  ak4ritv1 etc47 cf4 ,!ognis1   
#fba3 ,greek3 pas tis plosion  ndpa tei 

atei d p5ixrn4 ,cf4 ,%illeto1 ,cambridge
 ,j\rn4 (  ,philology1 #ahgf1 p4 #afa41 
& alt]2 h5ce "o may le>n t va/  is !    
int]val betwe5 ! two4    #db4 ,if ! body
 is call$ ! site ( enjoym5t1 x is well  
kn[n  t ?is def9ition w hold good 7ev5 9
 ?is highe/ case  ,footnote3 ,c\ld loke 
mean t x w hold good ( ! _w  z 8        
body871--!re is no?+ defici5t b ev]y?+  
is pres5t  9 ! ,"l's body ,footnote3    
,cf4 ,^: body nature is & ,god !  s\l41 
s9ce ,he is ! husb& ( ,lak%m4    #dc4 ,e
 body is influ5c$ by des]ts1--if ?is    
univ]sal law is  accept$1 !n ,he :o is !
 ,mak] ( all mu/ be impell$ to create  !
 _w by ! des]ts :i* dom9ate ov] be+s l u
  ,footnote3 ,i4e4 he creates ! _w to   
give _! des]ts to !  diff]5t s\ls4      
#dd4 ,e body mu/ be non-et]nal1--?is is 
a g5]al law1 yet  /ill v>a's body may be
 et]nal2 = e>? is ev]y:]e se5 to  be    
non-et]nal1 :ile 9 ! =m ( its atoms x is
 et]nal4    #de4 ,"o mu/ n say1 :y %\ld 
! des]t ( "o atta* itself to  ano!r8  ,=
 x 0 9 consequ5ce ( ! respective m]its &

  dem]its ( ! elephant & ! crocodile t !
 hold] ( !  discus made all ha/e to     
int]f]e 9 ! battle ,footnote3 ,!        
objector urges :y %\ld our good or evil 
des]ts oblige ,god to  act 9 a c]ta9    
way8  ,he answ]s by ref]r+ to !         
well-kn[n  leg5d giv5 9 ! ,bhgavata     
,pur4na1 viii4 *4 #b-d4  ,a c]ta9  k+1  
nam$ ,indradyumna1 became an elephant   
?r\gh ,aga/ya's curse4  ,"o day1 :ile   
dr9k+ 9 a lake1 he 0 seiz$ by a         
crocodile1 &  ! /ruggle la/$ = a ?\s&   
ye>s4  ,at la/1 9 despair1 he  pray$ to 
,vi%4nu1 :o came d[n m\nt$ on ,g>u4da & 
kill$ !  crocodile4  ,?us we see t1     
al?\gh 9 "o s5se ! des]ts ( "o  be+ _c  
atta* !mselves to ano!r1 /ill !y mu/    
cause  c]ta9 actions 9 ano!r be+1 or x  
w\ld be impossible t ea*  %\ld receive  
its due rew>d or puni%m5t4     #df4 ,x  
has be5 he>d ( old t all ?is univ]se    
proce$$ f  ! lotus ( ! navel ( ! ,"l2   
h5ce is x e/abli%$ t be  has a body1 =  
h[ c !re be a navel )\t a body8    #dg4 
,! body ( ,god is v pure1--to be enjoy$ 

by all ! s5ses1  z be+ ri*ly end[$ ) !  
six qualities ,footnote3 ,^! six        
qualities1 accord+ to ! ,comm5tator on !
 ,bhgavata ,p4 i4 #c4 #cf1  are         
sov]eignty1 k1 glory1 prosp]ity1        
dispassion1 &  virtue2 a diff]5t li/ is 
giv5 9 ! ,s>va ,d>4 ,s4 p4 #ed1 l4 #bb  
7b cf4 p4 #fi1 l4 #ah74  ,see also infra
 9 l4 #ie41--;& to be  discov]$ by means
 ( all ! ,v$as1--,gang v]ily is ! wat]  
:]e) he wa%es 8 feet4    #dh4 ,:5ev] by 
! influ5ce ( "t !re comes ! increase (  
evil  & ! dim9ution ( "r1 !n ! adorable 
,"l accompli%es !  pres]vation ( ! good 
& ! de/ruction ( ! wick$4    #di4 ,! ,"l
 is said to be tw(old1 z ! ,inc>nation &
 ,he :o  becomes inc>nate2 s too ! s\ls 
are tw(old1 z divid$ into  fai?ful &    
fai?less4    #ej4 ,n[ "s say t ! p]sonal
 s\l is only ! reflection ( !  ,supreme2
 b _! op9ion does n at all hold1 s9ce x 
_c be  e/abli%$4    #ea4 ,= h[ c\ld !re 
arise a reflection ( t ,inf9ite &       
/a9less "o8 & h[ c\ld an ins5ti5t       
reflection enjoy ! pa9  & pleasure aris+

 f ! m]it & dem]it decl>$ 9 ! ,v$a8     
#eb4 ,!re may inde$ be a reflection ( t 
:i* is limit$2 b h[  %all !re be "o (   
,him ^: attribute is inf9ity8    #ec4   
,rmnuja1 ! =emo/ ( ! le>n$1 condemn$ ?is
 !ory ( an  orig9al & its reflection2 ! 
fact t ?is doctr9e is n  accept$ by !   
le>n$1 w n make x seem m plausible4     
#ed4 ,!re is an et]nal division betwe5 !
 two1 f ! words (  ! ,v$a1 two birds2   
,footnote3 ,rig ,v4 i4 #afd1 #bj1 ,two  
birds  associat$ toge!r1 two fri5ds1    
take refuge 9 ! same tree2 "o  ( !m eats
 ! sweet fig2 ! o!r1 ab/a9+ f food1     
m]ely  looks on4 f ! m5tion !re ( two   
fri5ds1 h[ c !re  be id5tity betwe5 !m8 
#ee4 ,i become ,brahman1 t is1 ,i cease 
to h mundane exi/5ce  ?r\gh behold+ !   
s\l 9 ,brahman2 ! result ( ?is w\ld be  
! abolition ( sorr[1 etc41 b 9 no way   
absolute ,on5ess4    #ef4 ,i become     
,brahman also ?r\gh behold+ ,brahman 9 !
 s\l  ,footnote3 ,ano!r read+ is        
brahma4ny tmanirk%a4nt2 !  result w\ld  
be ! abolition ( ,8 be+ out ( sight     

,footnote3  ,i4e4 x w\ld be always vid]e
 vid5tem1 b 9 no way  ,on5ess4    #eg4  
,x mu/ n be said t by cont9u$ m$itation 
) int5t  ?\ght a man becomes ,brahman2  
!re w only ent] into him a  little m]it2
 z we see inde$ 9 ! case ( worms1 bees1 
& !  l ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,hitopadea1      
,introd4 l4 #de42    #eh4 ,by devot$ly  
wor%ipp+ ,brhmans )\t ceas+1 a dra w    
nev] become a ,brhman2 !re may ent] into
 him a little m]it1 b  "o ( ! dra ca/e w
 nev] become a ,brhman4    #ei4 ,!      
v5]able au?or ( ! ,aphorisms himself    
e/abli%$ a  duality :5 he spoke ( !     
application ( ! t]ms object &  ag5t     
,footnote3 ,9 ,v$nta ,s4 i4 #b4 #d1 x is
 %[n t c]ta9  passages 9 ! ,upani%ads   
ref] to ,brahman & n ! embodi$  s\l1    
because ( ! application !re9 ( ! t]ms   
object  & ag5t2 z e4g4 9 ! passage ( !  
,*hndogya ,upan4 iii4  #ad1 ,i %all     
atta9 x :5 ,i h dep>t$ f h5ce4  ,^!     
words imply an ag5t :o atta9s & also an 
object :i* is  atta9$1 i4e4 ,brahman4   
ank>a 9 8 comm5t on i4 #b4 #aa          

illu/rates ?is by ! passage 9 ! ,ka?a   
,upani%ad iii4 #a1 ,!  two1 dr9k+ ! due 
rew>d f _! works1 9 ?is _w  ent]$ !     
cave1 9 ! highe/ place ( ! supreme s\l  
7sc4  ! he>t72 & ?us has x be5 expla9$  
by ! au?or ( !  comm5t>y by quot+       
passages ( ! ,v$a :i* imply duality1 z  
t :i* says ! two ent]$ ! cave4    #fj4  
,! s\l is also %[n to be diff]5t f      
,brahman by !  evid5ce ( m4riti         
,footnote3 ,cf4 ,v$nta ,stras i4 #b4 #f1
 :]e  ank>a quotes ! passage f !        
,bhagavad ,gt 7xviii4 #fa71  ,! ,"l (   
all be+s abides 9 ! region ( !          
he>t1--caus+  all be+s to revolve by 8  
illusion z ?\gh m\nt$ on a  ma*9e42 ?us 
_! diff]5ce is prov$ to be ess5tial4    
,if x  7 n s1 h[ c\ld ! ,comm5tator h   
us$ su* an expression  z ! wor%ipp] & ! 
wor%ipp$ ,footnote3 ,he uses ?is  v     
expression upsyopsakabhva 9 8 ,comm5t4  
on i4 #b4 #d48    #fa4 ,i am sometimes  
happy1 sometimes mis]able2 ,he1 !       
supreme ,s\l1  is always ess5tially     
happy4  ,su* is ! diff]5ce1--!n h[ c    

!re be id5tity betwe5 ^! two diff]5t    
sub/ances8    #fb4 ,he is et]nally      
self-lum9\s & unobscur$1-- int5sely     
pure1  ! "o witness ( ! _w2 n s is !    
individual s\l1--?us  a ?und]bolt falls 
on ! tree ( ! !ory ( ,id5tity4    #fc4  
,= ^? :o ma9ta9 ! id5tity ( ! individual
 & supreme  s\l1 ! hypo!sis ( a dv&va   
comp\nd ,footnote3 ,i4e4 9  ! ^w jvtmnau
 is preclud$2 or !y br+ =w>d su*  words 
z d4ri%adupala z p>allel cases          
,footnote3 ,i suppose t  ?is means t !  
dv&va  comp\nd d4ri%adupala has "s      
analogy to "o l jvtmnau1 :i* involves   
id5tity1 z !  upp] & l[] mill/one =m "o 
in/rum5t2 b !re 79  accordance ) ,p4n4  
#b4 #b4 #cd1 vrtt47 ! less important ^w 
mean+ ! upp] & small] /one 7upal7 is    
plac$ la/  7cf4 #b4 #b4 #ca72 ! dv&va is
 only consi/5t ) diff]5ce1  b 9 no way )
 id5tity4    #fd4 ,:]e id5tity is !     
mean+1 !re arises ! k>madhraya          
comp\nd1--= su* a k>madhraya z nlotpala 
!  blue-lotus is us$ z imply+ t ! two   
memb]s ( ! comp\nd  ref] to ! same      

subject ,footnote3 ,b jvtmnau is a      
dv&va1 n a k>madhraya comp\nd4    #fe4  
,z !re are _m passages 9 ruti su* z t   
:i* says  food is ,brahman1 ,footnote3  
,brihad ra4nyaka ,upan4 v4 #ab4 #a4 s   
too ?is passage ,i am ,brahman is to be 
und]/ood z mean+  wor%ip ,footnote3     
,i4e4 ?is is "o ( ! modes ( wor%ipp+    
,brahman by m$itat+ on him 9 "s l[]     
visible =m1 n z  really express+ 8 real 
nature4    #ff4 ,! doctr9e ( ,id5tity is
 n true2 :]ev] x appe>s to be  decl>$ 9 
ruti1 all ^? passages are to be tak5 z  
only  mean+ wor%ip4    #fg4 ,!re are _m 
s5t5ces 9 ! anci5t ,v$a :i* speak =     
non-id5tity z also = id5tity2 hav+      
expell$ envy & discuss$  ! tru?1 let !  
wise decl>e t :i* ea* ?9ks :olesome4    
#fh4 ,o s\l1 bewild]$ by a deceiv$      
op9ion1 drive f> f ?y  m\? ^! words ,i  
am ,brahman2 h[ can/ ?\ be ,t1 ,o ?\ :o 
art utt]ly at ! m]cy ( fate1 plung$ z ?\
 art 9 ! great  ocean ( mundane exi/5ce 
h>d to be cross$6    #fi4 ,he :o is !   
belov$ ( ,lak%mi1 ! ambrosia-ocean1 full

 (  manife/ supreme joy2 ! wat] ( ^:    
feet is ,gang1 wor?y to be  wor%ipp$ by 
,rudra & ! o!r gods2 :o be=e creation   
creat$  all in/antane\sly by a movem5t (
 8 br[1--h[ can/ ?\ say1  ,o s\l1 ,i am 
,he1--?\ :o art a poor begg>1 n a k+4   
#gj4 ,o sl[ ( m9d1 h[ can/ ?\ say1 ,i am
 ,he ) :om are fill$  all ! va/ /ores ( 
?is univ]se 9 its entirety8  ,collect ?y
  faculties calmly 9 ?y he>t & consid]  
?9e own p[]2 c a  ho/ ( fi]ce           
_w-support+ elephants ent] into ! belly 
( a  gnat8    #ga4 ,^: art ?\8 :5ce art 
?\ come8 h[ is ! c\rse ( ?is  mundane   
bondage8  ,pond] ?is matt] 9 ?y he>t &  
=sake !  pa? ( ! err+4  ,say n ,i am    
,he2 b wor%ip ,h>i cont9ually  9 !      
relation ( ador] & ador$2 by ?is ?\ may/
 atta9 !  happy j\rney1 b o!rwise ?\    
wilt assur$ly fall4    #gb4 ,great is ! 
mis]y :i* ?\ ha/ exp]i5c$1 ,o ,s\l1 :ile
  dwell+ 9 ! womb 9 v>i\s bir?s1 & ?\   
ha/ w&]$ aga9  & aga9 9 heav5 or 9 hell2
 ?is !ory ,i am ,he is an error (       
?9e1--wor%ip ?\ ,h>i's lotus feet2 ?\   

art ,8 wor%ipp]1 ,he  is ! adorable1 =  
,he is ! "l ( ! ?ree worlds4    #gc4    
,r5\nc+ ! s-call$ !ory ( id5tity1 =?)   
devote  ?yself to duality1 if !re n[    
dwells 9 ?y he>t a supreme  feel+ ( fai?
 9 ,h>i2 &1 hav+ le>n$ ! doctr9e 9      
,nrada's ,pa*>tra & ev]y:]e else1 let   
all ! hymns ( !  ,vai%4nava sacr$ books 
be ?or\ghly exam9$1 z is truly = ?y     
good4    #gd4 ,by :at fooli% tea*] ha/  
?\ be5 in/ruct$1 t ?\  utt]e/ ^! words  
,i am ,brahman8  ,h[ art ?\ t be+ :o is 
cont9ually wor%ipp$ by ,rudra & all !   
gods8  ,o fool1 consid]  x & see aright4
    #ge4 ,! wick$ _c und]/& ! diff]5ce  
betwe5 ! embodi$  & ! ,supreme ,s\ls2 ! 
great reason = ?is is a m9d possess$  by
 an evil ob/9acy 9 fav\r ( ! doctr9e (  
,illusion2 j z  ! tongue ( ^? :o suff] f
 excess ( bile _c ta/e !  sweetness (   
molasses1 nor ! eyes ( ^? afflict$ )    
gutta  s]5a or jaundice see ! :it5ess ( 
a %ell4    #gf4 ,he by a p>ticle ( ^:   
intellect ?\1 ,o ,s\l1 ha/ be5  produc$ 
! =emo/ ( intellig5t be+s--say n1 ,o    

knave1 t  ?\ art ,he2 = :o b ! +rate    
desires to seize ! seat  ( 8 ,ma/]8     
#gg4 ,a p>ticle ( intellig5ce has be5   
deposit$ 9 !e by !  supreme ,"l 9 ,8    
m]cy1--x becomes !e n1 ,o knave1 to say 
t !re=e ?\ art ,god2 j z if "s evil-m9d$
 man _h  receiv$ elephants1 horses1 &   
infantry f ! k+ & !n set  8 he>t on     
seiz+ 8 k+dom4    #gh4 ,he "u ^: control
 is t mighty illusion :i* deceives  !   
?ree worlds1 ,he is to be recogniz$ z ! 
,supreme ,"l1 !  adorable1 ess5tially   
?\ght1 exi/5ce & joy2 b he :o is        
himself always "u h] control l a camel  
drawn by a /r+  ?r\gh 8 no/rils1 is to  
be recogniz$ z ! individual s\l1--  va/ 
inde$ is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two6       
#gi4 ,hav+ /udi$ ! doctr9es ( ! ,snkhya1
 ,ka4nda1 &  ,gautama1 & ! doctr9e (    
,patajali1 ! doctr9es ( !  ,mm4ms &     
,bha4t4tabhsk>a ,footnote3 ,colebrooke's
 ,essays1  vol i4 p4 #cei41 --amid/ all 
! six curr5t sy/ems1--let ! wise  tell !
 f9al conclusion if !y c z to ! real    
nature ( !  supreme & ! individual      

s\l1--is x duality1 or is x on5ess1  or 
is x aga9 a on5ess 9 duality8    #hj4 ,9
 five ( ! sy/ems ,i h only he>d         
p]emptorily ass]t$  9 _m places !       
diff]5ce betwe5 ! supreme & ! individual
  s\ls2 :at is ?is t ,i he> ass]t$ 9 !  
,v$nta sy/em8  ,plurality1 unity1       
bo?1--?is is a ?reefold m>vel6          
,footnote3  ,?is is an attack on        
,rmnuja's sy/em1 z oppos$ to t (        
,pr4napraja or ,madhva1 cf4 ,s>va-d>ana 
,s4 p4 #eb1 l4 #bj1 ,:at is  ! real     
tru?8  ,! real tru? is plurality1 unity1
 & bo?4 ,?us  unity is admitt$ 9 say+ t 
,brahman alone subsi/s 9 all =ms  z all 
is its body2 bo? unity & plurality are  
admitt$ 9 say+  t "o only ,brahman      
subsi/s "u a plurality ( =ms1 div]se  z 
s\l & non-s\l2 & plurality is admitt$ 9 
say+ t !  ess5tial natures ( s\l1       
non-s\l1 & ! ,"l are diff]5t &  n to be 
conf\nd$4  ,?is doctr9e is oppos$ by !  
foll[]s (  ,madhva1 see ibid41          
,pr4napraja-d>4 p4 #fa1 l4 #aa4    #ha4 
,he :o is ! mak] ( all & ! ,"l ( ! _w is

  indep5d5t by reason ( 8 ess5tial      
indep5d5ce2 ! individual  s\l is        
notori\sly dep5d5t2 h[ c !y say !n t ^! 
two  are id5tical8    #hb4 ,!re are     
v>i\s flav\rs 9 honey exi/+ di/9ct ?r\gh
  ! diff]5ce ( ! trees f ^: fl[]s x is  
produc$2  h[ else c\ld x remove !       
?ree-fold disord]s8 ,footnote3  ,i4e4 ^?
 affect+ ! ?ree hum\rs ( ! body1 i4e4   
vyu 'w9d1' pitta 'bile1' & kapha        
'phlegm4'  ,c]ta9  flav\rs ( ! honey    
c\nt]act "o disord] & o!rs ano!r4  ,!   
,suruta ?us describes honey 7vol4 i4 p4 
#ahe73 ,:5 cook$ x  removes ! ?ree-fold 
disord]s1 b :5 raw or s\r x causes  !m2 
:5 us$ 9 v>i\s applications x cures _m  
disord]s2  & s9ce x is compos$ ( _m     
diff]5t ?+s x is an  excell5t m$ium =   
mix+4  ,b z x consi/s ( ! juices (      
fl[]s :i* are mutually contr>y 9 !      
action1 pot5cy1 &  qualities ( _! v>i\s 
+r$i5ts1 & x may happ5 t  poison\s      
insects may be includ$1 x is only good z
 a rem$y =  cold diseases4  ,s !        
individual s\ls at ! _w's  dissolution  

are absorb$ 9 ! ,"l2 b !y d n become    
id5tifi$ ) ,him1 = !y are aga9 sep>at$  
at ! next  creation4    #hc4 ,!re is a  
diff]5ce betwe5 riv]s & ! sea1 ) _!     
respective sweet & salt wat]2 s too ,god
 & ! s\l are  diff]5t & possess$ (      
di/9ct attributes ,footnote3 ,9         
allusion to ,mu4n4d4 ,upan4 iii4 #b4    
#h44    #hd4 ,riv]s1 :5 jo9$ to ! sea f 
all sides1 are n  id5tifi$ ) x nor yet d
 !y appe> to be sep>ate2 b f  ! diff]5ce
 betwe5 salt wat] & sweet wat]          
,footnote3 ,mo/  ( ! ,,mss4 & ! ,b5>es  
,pa4n4dit read k% roda2 b !  ,calcutta  
ed4 & "o ( ! two ,,mss4 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! 
,calcutta  ,sanskrit ,college read      
k%roda1 :i* seems pref]able4  ,if we    
read k%roda1 ! l9e w\ld require to be   
r5d]$1 b f  ! diff]5ce betwe5 milk mix$ 
) wat] & pure wat]1 or  p]haps f !      
diff]5ce betwe5 ! milk-ocean & ! wat]-  
ocean4 !re mu/ be a real diff]5ce betwe5
 !m4    #he4 ,o!rs see n ! diff]5ce :5  
wat] is mix$ ) milk1 b  ! swan at once  
sep>ates ! milk & ! wat] ,footnote3 ,cf4

  akunt4 l4 #aee42 s too :5 ! s\ls are  
absorb$ 9 ! supreme  ,brahman1 ! ,"l1--!
 fai?ful1 :o h receiv$ ! ,guru's words1 
c at once draw a diff]5ce betwe5 !m4    
#hf4 ,ev5 :5 milk is mix$ ) milk & wat] 
) wat]1 !y d  n become absolutely       
id5tifi$1 = !y /ill reta9 _! fix$       
measure z be=e2 s1 :5 ! s\ls ?r\gh      
int5se contemplation  are absorb$ 9 !   
,supreme ,_s1 !y d n become id5tifi$  ) 
,him2 ?us say ! pure-m9d$ sa9ts4    #hg4
 ,!re are c]ta9 disputants1 sunk 9 a sea
 ( false logic1  addict$ to an evil way1
 fill$ ) a hundr$ imag9ations ( idle    
babble1 deceiv$ !mselves & deceiv+ !    
_w1--all t !y  say1 ,i am ,brahman & all
 ?is visible univ]se also is ,brahman1--
  is n[ %[n cle>ly to be an empty       
desire4    #hh4 ,if ,i & all ?is univ]se
 7 ,brahman1 !n !re w\ld be an  id5tity 
betwe5 !e & me2 !n ?y weal?1 sons1 &    
wife w\ld  be m9e1 & m9e w\ld be ?9e1 = 
!re w\ld be no di/9ction  betwe5 u4     
#hi4 ,& h[ !n c\ld !re be injunction or 
prohibition1 s9ce all  are "o1 & !re is 

no di/9ction ( ca/e8  ,if ! doctr9e (   
non-duality be ?us held to be e/abli%$1 
!n :at (f5ce has  ! ,buddhi/ committ$8  
#ij4 ,! ,s\l is diff]5t f ! elem5ts1 !  
s5ses1 !  int]nal organ1 & prim>y matt]1
 & also f t :i* is  call$ !             
individual1--?us has x be5 decl>$ ( old 
by ,kapila  to 8 "m 9 ! ?ird book ( !   
,bhgavata ,footnote3 ,bhg4  ,pr4 iii4   
#bh4 #da4 7,pur4na74    #ia4 ,^? :o /udy
 ! pa? po9t$ out by ! tea*]1 re/+  ^u a 
f\ndation ( naught1 & ma9ta9 ) an empty 
und]/&+ t all is void & t all !         
recogniz$ deities  are naught1--h[ c _m 
words be utt]$ ab\t !m1 = language      
fails 9 a topic ( naught2 naught inde$  
is _! wisdom1 &  _! fruit %all be also  
mo/ly naught4    #ib4 ,!re are words    
utt]$ by ,vysa 9 ! ,bhrata condemn+ ?is 
doctr9e ( ! no?+ness ( all ?+s          
,footnote3 ,! "n  nyavda is g5]ally     
appli$ to ,buddhism2 "h x is appli$ by  
way ( reproa* to ! ,v$nta1 :i* is call$ 
9 ! ,padma-pur4na  secret ,buddhism     
7pra**hanna4m  ,bauddham72 _! bodies are

  compos$ ( ! quality ( d>kness1 & v]ily
 d>kness %all be  _! end2 ,footnote3    
,mahbh4 xii4 #ifij4    #ic4 ,^! words   
:i* 7 utt]$ ( old by ,kapila 9 ! pres5ce
  ( ! sage ,sym>ami ,footnote3 ,?is     
dialogue occurs 9 ,mahbh4 xii4  #ifjd1  
ff41 7 aft]w>ds rec\nt$ by ,vysa 9 !    
,bh4rata4    #id4 ,?is !ory ( !irs      
conc]n+ a void ( qualities 9 ,him :o  is
 ! ocean ( qualities ,footnote3 ,!      
,rmnujas & ! ,mdhvas  d5y t ! ,supreme  
,be+ is nirgu4na1--?us !re is a         
quotation 9 ! ,s>va ,d>ana ,s4 p4 #fd4  
,vsudeva is ! supreme  ,brahman1 end[$ )
 auspici\s attributes 7cf4 p4 #fi1 l4   
#ah2  p4 #gc1 l4 #b71 --x is b l ! bl9d 
hurry+ ( %eep aft]  ! ewe t leads !m6   
,hav+ made a sep>ate comm5t>y ( _!  own 
on ! ,stras !y deceive ^? :o foll[ _!   
doctr9e4    #ie4 ,all ^! qualities1     
sov]eignty1 creation1 & ! l1  et]nally  
belong to ! ,supreme ,"l2 h[ !n c ,he be
 )\t  qualities :o is ?us possess$ (    
qualities8 he !ory ( a void  ( qualities
 is m]e disputation4    #if4 ,! adorable

 "o possesses k1 volition1 & creative   
p[]2 h[ !n c he be de/itute ( qualities8
 or1 if he is  de/itute ( qualities1 h[ 
c he be set =? by ! ,v$as8 ,h[  c !     
abs5ce ( qualities be pr$icat$ ( ! sea (
 qualities1  & yet all remon/rance be   
sil5t8  ,pond] x well 9 ?9e own  m9d1 & 
!n det]m9e :at is "r4    #ig4 ,a        
sub/ance )\t attributes1 l ! sky-fl[]1  
is n  admitt$ ei!r 9 ! ,v$a or 9 ! _w2  
if ! k ( su*  a ?+ 7 d]iv$ f ! ,v$a1 !  
,v$a itself w\ld !n cease  to be an     
au?ority4    #ih4 ,! ,v$nt9 may reply   
,! bun* ( ,d>bha grass ,footnote3  ,?is 
is ! pra/>a or bundle ( sacr$ grass1 :i*
 plays an  important "p 9 ! sacrificial 
ritual1 cf4 ,taittirya ,s4 i4 #g4 #d1   
yajamna4h pra/>a4h1 :]e ,sya4na rem>ks1 
yajamnavad  ygasdhanatvt pra/>e         
yajamnatvopa*ra4h4  ,?is description  ( 
! grass z ! sacrific] is really only    
meant z metaphorical  praise1 s9ce !    
actual attributes ( ! sacrific] are     
evid5tly  abs5t f ! grass4 7,cf4 ,mm4ms 
,stras1 i4 #d4 #bc47 is said to  be !   

sacrific]1 z x is ! means ( p]=m+ !     
sacrifice2  z ! ,d>bha grass is und]/ood
 by ?is description1 ev5 ?\gh  !        
attributes ?us ascrib$ are n f\nd 9 x1 s
 is ,brahman  und]/ood :5 we ascribe    
c]ta9 qualities z 'tru?1' etc41 ev5     
?\gh ^! qualities are preclud$ 9 a be+  
)\t qualities4    #ii4 ,i answ] ,a      
?or\gh ,v$nt9 l !e does n accept any    
:]e ! exi/5ce ( qualities or t :i*      
possesses qualities2  b if imag9$       
qualities are done away ) by deep]      
insight1  real qualities are n[h]e done 
away ) ,footnote3 ,cle>] insight        
aboli%es imag9$ attributes1 z e4 g4 !   
suppos$ snake 9  ! rope2 b real         
attributes rema9 unt\*$1 & we hold      
,brahman's attributes to be real4--,i   
read abdha4h 9 ,i4 #b44    #ajj4 ,if    
,brahman is und]/ood to be de/itute (   
qualities1 !n  tru?1 etc41 w n be       
applicable to ,him2 b1 if s1 !re  arises
 a contradiction 9 su* passages ( ruti z
 he is !  tru?ful1 etc4 ,footnote3 ,i d 
n "k :]e ?is passage occurs1  b ! k9dr$ 

^w satyadh>man is appli$ to sev]al      
deities  9 ! ,rigv$a4    #aja4 ,:5 !    
exi/5ce ( su* a ?+ z a quality is       
admitt$1  we c imag9e x 9 some?+ else   
,footnote3 ,! ,v$nt9s hold  t no?+ exi/s
 besides ,brahman2 & yet1 al?\gh !y ?us 
d5y ! exi/5ce ( any o!r ?+ or quality1  
!y hold t  c]ta9 qualities are imag9$ to
 exi/ 9 him1 =gett+ t  only "o :o has   
se5 silv] c imag9e rajatatva 9 nacre42  
b to imag9e t nacre is silv]1 we mu/    
fir/ "k cle>ly  :at silv] is4    #ajb4  
,?is univ]se is bas$ on ! s\l z its     
site1 be+ imag9$  9 x by ignorance2 "s  
tea*]s w\ld describe x z an illusory    
emanation ,footnote3 ,x is a fav\rite   
doctr9e ( ! ,v$nta t  ignorance1 z be+  
imag9$ by ignorance1 is itself false42 b
  ?is is n a pleas+ doctr9e to me4      
#ajc4 ,x _c be said t all ?is univ]se is
 false2 s9ce x is  really ! play?+ (    
,h>i1 :o is et]nally engag$ 9 sport     
,footnote3 ,manu1 i4 #hj1 ,!re are      
numb]less ,manvant>as1  creations &     
de/ructions numb]less2 ! be+ supremely  

exalt$  p]=ms all ?is1 z 9 sport1 aga9 &
 aga94    #ajd4 ,! ext]nal _w is n l a  
dream2 = 9 dreams !re is  sleep & a ho/ 
( imp]fections2 :at we eat or dr9k 9    
dreams  gives u no enjoym5t1 b ^! ?+s   
are enjoyable 9 our wak+  /ate4    #aje4
 ,if all t is se5 7 false1 !n h[ c\ld x 
produce  effects8  ,! c>ry+ ( wat] 9 a  
j> is n false2 all we c  say is t x is  
transi5t4    #ajf4 ,! idea t all ?is _w 
is false1 is oppos$ to  exp]i5ce2 = (   
:at use w\ld be all ! expiations = s91  
prescrib$ 9 ! law-books8  ,:y are ^!    
?ieves to be puni%$  ev5 by ! k+8  ,!   
uphold] ( ! doctr9e ( ,my c ass]t  any?+
 on 8 oa?1 b all is false4    #ajg4 ,?\ 
can/ n say t ! visible _w is only l !   
transitory enjoym5t ( "o :o smells a    
wrea? ( fl[]s2 h[ev]  closely x is      
scann$1 !re is no ov]p[]+ evid5ce ( its 
unreality to preclude ! presumption     
f\nd$ on exp]i5ce2 x  cont9ually        
manife/s itself to u z et]nal 9 its     
/ream (  successive ev5ts4    #ajh4 ,?is
 _w is n false b x is r5d]$ true by     

,vi%4nu's  protection ,footnote3 ,or ?is
 may mean s9ce ,vi%4nu has accept$  x z 
! in/rum5t ( 8 sport42 ?\ art made pure 
by !  k ( ,him1 z all m9]als %9e z gold 
:5 br\ght 9  contact ) ! philosoph]'s   
/one4    #aji4 ,dispassion & enjoym5t /&
 equally alo( z dis9t]e/$  spectators & 
are lo/ 9 fai?2 ! p>tak+ ( ! consecrat$ 
food is 9 no s5se to be call$ an        
enjoym5t1--x is itself an  act ( fai?   
,footnote3 ,! prasda is any article (   
food  t has be5 consecrat$ by previ\s   
pres5tation to an idol1  aft] :i* x is  
di/ribut$ among ! wor%ipp]s on ! spot1  
or  s5t to p]sons ( consequ5ce at _! own
 h\ses 7,wilson's ,works1  vol4 #a4 p4  
#aaf74 ,cf4 also ! leg5d 9 p4 #acd1 :]e 
,rm ,ds at  noon halt$ & ba!d ! god1 &  
prep>$ 8 food1 & pres5t$  x1 & !n took !
 prasd1 & put x 9 a vessel1 & f$  ^u :at
 rema9$4  7,! food consecrat$ at !      
temple ( ,puri is  especially call$ !   
,mahprasda47 ,!re is a di/i* curr5t     
among ! ,bhktas34    #aaj4 ,by int5se   
devotion to 8 object ! man ( ! _w w     

become ! devotee ( enjoym5t1 & by !     
abs5ce ( all enjoym5t  a man becomes    
absolutely dispassionate2 ?is is ! real 
tru?  ,footnote3 ,b ! true devotee is   
nei!r devot$ to enjoym5t nor  to        
dispassion1 is equally ap>t f & sup]ior 
to bo?4    _/99    jna4m nirk4ritir1    
,brahma tyaktv bhakty bhaj*yutam        
yatra prasdasevpi bhaktir anyasya k ka? 
99_/    ,k is rejection2 ab&on ,brahman 
& wor%ip ,vi%4nu4  ,"h  :]e ev5 ! homage
 paid to ! prasda c\nts z fai?1 :at  ne$
 to m5tion any?+ besides8  ,?us !       
devotee does ev]y?+  by fai?1 &         
dispassion & enjoym5t are to him alike  
swall[$ up  9 fai?4    #aaa4 ,by        
association ) ! good & by repeat$ly     
li/5+ to !  /ory ( ,k4ri%4na's sports   
!re has aris5 9 ! lake ( ! m9d  ! great 
wave ( pure fai? & pure affection2      
ab&on+ !  doctr9e ( unity & )\t         
hesitation embrac+ t ( duality1  we     
wor%ip ) our :ole he>t ! lotus-feet ( ! 
belov$ (  ,lak%m4    #aab4 ,!re is a    
rule 9 ! ?+s ( ! _w1 t he :o is ne>  !  

k+ may be call$ ! k+2 s too 9 ! ?+s (   
,brahman &  ! s\l mu/ we und]/& ! v>i\s 
sacr$ texts :i* at fir/  sight appe> to 
id5tify !m4    #aac4 ,he 9 :om !        
univ]se1--sun1 moon1 & ! re/1 ) ! ?ree  
worlds1--rose into be+1--9 :om x all    
abides until x p]i%es1--  & 9 :om1 ea* 9
 its own "t1 x is all f9ally            
dissolv$1--,he1  ! ,"l1 :om1 be+ beyond 
all qualities ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,s>va ,d4 
,s4  p4 #eb1 l4 #h infr4  ,! /atem5ts t 
! ,supreme ,_s is devoid  ( qualities1  
are int5d$ to d5y 8 possession (        
ph5om5al  qualities 7su* z lik+1        
dislik+1 etc4741 ev5 ,brahman himself   
_c decl>e 9 ! ,v$as1--:y1 ,o tea*]1 do/ 
?\ tea* ?is  mis]able me ! words ,i am  
,he8    #aad4 ,he 9 :om ! /oreh\se ( !  
univ]se ) all its creatures  great &    
small1 0 all conta9$ l a l9e ( insects  
dr[n$ 9  a ripe fruit ( ! glom]\s       
fig-tree1--9 :om x abides until !  f9al 
de/ruction1--& 9 :om x is ev5tually     
dissolv$1--,ah6 h[  c !re come f my m\?1
 ,o tea*]1 ^! words ,i am ,he8    #aae4 

,him1 ! ,supreme ,"l1 by ^: compassion  
ev5 ! dumb becomes  eloqu5t1 ! lame 9 a 
mom5t obta9s /r5g? to leap m\nta9s1  &  
ev5 ! man bl9d f 8 bir? receives eyes   
beautiful l  two lotuses1--or :at /ill  
great] m>vel %all ,i add8--,him ,i      
wor%ip1 ! moon-fac$ son ( ,n&a1 !       
philosoph]'s /one ( !  fai?ful4    #aaf4
 ,b\ndless is "t1 b\nte\s ! e>?1 & great
 is ! family  ( ! dev\t wor%ipp]s (     
,vi%4nu2 somebody w be f\nd at "s  "t or
 o!r on ! e>? :o w appreciate my m]its  
,footnote3  ,cf4 ! loka 9 ! prologue ( !
 ,mlatmdhava4    #aag4 ,hav+ /udi$ "u my
 preceptor ,nrya4na1 ! be/ (  tea*]s1 8 
book1 :i* be>s ! title ( ,! ,ornam5t (  
,fai?1--hav+ read x ) all its supplem5ts
 & app5dices1 &  by 8 k9dness to 8      
fai?ful disciples hav+ ma/]$ all its    
my/]ies1--& hav+ become a receptacle (  
fai? myself1 ,i h  n[ compos$ accord+ to
 my ability ?is c5tury ( /anzas1 a      
necklace ( pe>ls ( good doctr9e1 :i* h =
 _! subject  ! di/9ction ( ! individual 
,s\l & ,brahman4    #aah4 ,if we h utt]$

 ?r\gh inadv]t5ce :at is wrong1 may !   
intellig5t1 obs]v+ x1 correct all !     
errors2 ! feet ( !  travell] d sometimes
 /umble1 & sometimes ! speak] speaks    
?r\gh bewild]m5t :at is incompatible4   
#aai4 ,9 a poem /rung ( all excell5ces !
 mean man hunts =  faults & nev] an     
excell5ce2 9 a palace all compact (     
jewels  x is ! ant t w see a flaw4      
#abj4 ,let ^? :o are envi\s & b]eft (   
s5se1 detect a fault  if !y w2 b let !  
connoisseurs c\nt ! m]its2 !y :o  behold
 ! m]its & n ! faults1--^! are ! good1  
^!  give ! highe/ satisfaction4    #aba4
 ,let ?is "w ( ! poet ,pr4nn&a be read &
 be he>d1  :i* is devot$ to prov+ !     
diff]5ce ( ! individual s\l  f !        
,supreme1--:i* is excell5t ) its s5t5ces
 t  di/+ui% tru? f falsehood1 & is      
approv$ by ! devotees  ( ,vi%4nu1--bas$ 
on ! doctr9e ( ,madhva1 & pleas+ ) a    
composition full ( sweet words1--,o ye  
be/ ( ! wor%ipp]s (  ,bhagavat1 if fai? 
be desir$ 9 y\r m9ds4    #abb4 ,on !    
neck ( ! fai?ful may ?is ,tattvamuktval 

,footnote3 ,or ! necklace ( ! pe>ls (   
tru?4 abide =  ev]1--^: beauty is       
increas$ by ! apt arrangem5t ( sweet  & 
s(t words b :i* is free f rhetorical    
ornam5ts1--  beautiful ) a pr(usion (   
s5t5ces sweet l milk1 & )  its p>ts all 
bright & elegant1--a special s\rce (    
delight to  ! intellig5t1--*>m+ ) a ho/ 
( excell5ces & devoid  ( ev5 ! trace ( a
 fault4          ,tattva-muktavl by     
,pr4nn&a ,*akrav>t9