,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,bold text is d5ot$ by equal signs4 ,footnote an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes h be5 plac$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,! tables 9 ?is book are be/ view$ us+ a monospace font4 ,page #ae has "s unusual *>act]s to describe ! phonetic pronunciation ( "s words4 ,^! w display on ?is device z a ) dia]esis e ) macron & acute acc5t i ) breve o ) macron & acute ,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,! ,,engli% ( ,,milit>y ,,communications ,by ,,william ,a4 ,,ganoe ,major ( ,infantry1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,engli% ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy ,illu/ration3 7colophon7 ,! ,collegiate ,press ,,george ,,banta ,,publi%+ ,,company ,,m5a%a1 ,,wiscons9 ,copyright1 #aiah by ,george ,banta ,publi%+ ,company ,,pr9t$ ,,& ,,b\nd ,,by ,,george ,,banta ,,publi%+ ,,co4 ,,manufactur+ ,,publi%]s ,,m5a%a1 ,,wiscons9 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,=eword ,v ,,preface ,,vii ,,*apt] ,i--,our ,approa* to a ,critical ,matt] #a ,,*apt] ,,ii--,milit>y ,communications #bj ,,*apt] ,,iii--,problems 9 ! ,composition ( ! ,field ,message #cc ,,*apt] ,,iv--,m ,problems on ! ,composition ( ! ,field ,message #da ,,*apt] ,v--,v]bal ,field ,message #di ,,*apt] ,,vi--,! ,field ,ord]1 ,! ,e/imate1 ,! ,decision1 ,! ,expression #eh ,,*apt] ,,vii--,problems 9 ! ,field ,ord] #gc ,,*apt] ,,viii--,m ,problems ( ! ,composition ( ! ,field ,ord] #ic ,,*apt] ,,ix--,! ,v]bal ,field ,ord] #aaj ,,*apt] ,x--,! ,op]ation ,ord]1 ,ord]s1 ,lett]s ( ,in/ruction #abd ,,*apt] ,,xi--,! ,w> ,di>y--,! ,report--,r\t9e ,ord]s #adg ,,*apt] ,,xii--,(ficial ,correspond5ce--,explanations--,lectures #afe ,,app5dices #ahg ,,=eword ,x is important 9 milit>y matt]s t a writ] %all express def9itely ! ideas he int5ds to convey & 9 su* phraseology t !re c be no misund]/&+ ( ! language us$4 ,c>elessly or improp]ly phras$ in/ructions h caus$ _m misc>riages ( milit>y plans4 ,! atta9m5t ( p]fection 9 ! use ( language is a matt] ( pa9/ak+ /udy & ! gradual ref9em5t ( practice4 ,m]ely dream+ ( :at "o w d :5 responsibility is ?ru/ ^u him is n ! way to prep>e = successful a*ievem5t4 ,x is ! duty ( e self respect+ (fic] to be ready to d n only 8 be/ b to d :at is "r4 ,:5 "o has qualifi$ himself to write or dictate ord]s & in/ructions prop]ly he has already le>n$ to int]pret ^? he may receive f o!rs4 ,accuracy ( language dem&s discipl9e ( m9d4 ,"u our sy/em ( rais+ w> armies mu* has _h to be entru/$ to m5 )\t ei!r discipl9e ( m9d or ( "*4 ,?is makes x necess>y = (fic]s n only to be qualifi$ !mselves to prep>e & to int]pret ord]s1 b to tea* ! art to o!rs4 ,c>elessly writt5 in/ructions are l cont\r$ maps ) ! base data omitt$1 leav+ "o 9 d\bt z to :e!r he is obs]v+ a hill or a depression4 ,a rec5t in/ance ( su* c>elessness1 com+ "u my obs]vation1 may s]ve to illu/rate ?is3 ord]s 7 receiv$ at my headqu>t]s to call out c]ta9 res]vi/s = actual s]vice & direct !m to report at ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,9 ! execution ( ! ord] individual telegrams 7 dispat*$ dur+ ! night4 ,z ord]s _h be5 receiv$ previ\sly to turn ov] = ! tra9+ ( su* res]vi/s sev]al p]man5t po/s1 includ+ ,=t ,wayne1 ne> ,detroit1 ,mi*igan1 telegraphic inquiry 0 made to f9d out if a mi/ake _h be5 made4 ,! reply e/abli%$ t ! ,po/ ( ,=t ,wayne1 ,mi*igan1 & n ! ,city ( ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana1 0 int5d$4 ,mod]n w>f>e ( nations-9-arms is va/ly diff]5t f ! campaigns & op5 field fight+ ( ! small] armies ( pa/ w>s4 ,nations no long] entru/ ! prep>ation & solution ( _! milit>y problems to old type ( practical soldi]s4 ,milit>y ,academies1 ,w> ,colleges1 & ,g5]al ,/aff ,colleges h become necess>y to insure t only tra9$ m5 %all be entru/$ ) ! prep>ation ( in/ructions = ! employm5t ( ! =ces4 ,to comb9e ! /udy ( tactical problems1 ! prep>ation ( ord]s & ! correct use ( language1 z contemplat$ by ,major ,ganoe1 w af=d a great advantage to ! /ud5t ( today1 & %\ld make ! di>ies1 j\rnals1 & w> hi/ories ( ! future f9i%$ writ+s )\t necessity = edit+4 ,^! are ! true s\rces ( milit>y hi/ory1 a k ( :i* is ess5tial to ! ambiti\s (fic] desir\s ( p]fect+ himself 9 8 pr(ession4 7sign$7 ,,william ,,h>d+ ,,c>t]1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,,preface ,?is c\rse ( lessons has = its sole object a demon/ration to ! milit>y man t rhetoric is a big "p ( 8 pr(ession4 ,if he sees ?is advantage e>ly x is hop$ t he w n slight 8 ri* language z s _m ( u h done to our lat] regret4 ,vocational tra9+ 9 ,engli%6 ,t is practically :at ?is book is4 ,x is recogniz+ rhetoric = ! fir/ "t z a sep>ate /udy 9 ! field s]vice regulations4 ,j z we take up topography1 eng9e]+1 sanitation1 & supply z sci5ces by !mselves 9 ord] to fit our effici5cy into ! team "w ( battle lat]1 s "h we apply ourselves to t "p ( field "w :i* helps u /ate our ideas 9 a prop] milit>y mann]4 ,! c\rse is 9 no way tactics1 b x =ms an excell5t prim] to tactics4 ,x leads up to & aids 9 ! solution ( tactical problems by pass+ ov] milit>y gr\nd4 ,because x is a comb9ation ( analysis & syn!sis1 rhetoric1 z we "k1 is1 unlike ! exact sci5ces1 purely a second>y subject4 ,its mat]ial1 :e!r ( poetry1 essay1 or fiction1 is indiscrim9ate 9 its selection ( matt] s long z ! matt] is good4 ,! idea 9 ?is book is to make bo? ! mat]ial & ! treatm5t c\nt--to place ! emphasis ^u ! mann] ( express+ oneself & to let ! /ud5t see incid5tally ! int]e/+ milit>y features z he is pass+ along4 ,he w be le>n+ :at he has nev] be=e _h ! opportunity ( tak+ up sep>ately1 & :at w lead him m easily into intricate tactical pa?s aft]w>ds4 ,"s w criticise ! book 9 t ! au?or is n con=m+ to ! pr9ciples :i* he is enunciat+4 ,!y w say1 8,he tells u to boil our communications to ! cle>e/ m9imum :ile he himself deals 9 reit]ation & illum9ation40 ,al?\gh ?is objection appe>s j1 x is nev]!less cursory4 ,a clos] view w reveal ! fact t ! purpose & read]s ( communications are q diff]5t f ! purpose & read]s ( a text book4 ,"o ( ! fir/ pr9ciples we le>n 9 rhetoric is to suit our treatm5t & diction to our purpose & read]s4 ,comm&]s await ) int]e/ & expectancy ! words ( a field message or ord]4 ,/ud5ts await ) skepticism or in]tia ! *apt]s ( _! lessons4 ,al?\gh we rightly c prescribe ! sev]e/ cle>ness = some?+ :i* is b\nd to be absorb$1 we _c be satisfi$ ) "o precise1 colorless /atem5t ( t :i* is likely to be ignor$4 ,! /ud5t mu/ be cudgel$ & entic$4 ,z a pro( ( ! correctness ( ?is position1 ?is c\rse has be5 tri$ ) unexpect$ success ^u ! ,cadets ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy4 ,! v items :i* h be5 repeat$ & highly color$ h prov5 !mselves to ! in/ructors to be ! v ones :i* h m easily driv5 ! po9ts home4 ,grateful ackn[l$gm5t is made by ! au?or to ,lieut4 ,colonel ,l4 ,h4 ,holt1 ,pr(essor ( ,engli% & ,hi/ory1 :o made ! book possible2 to ,capta9 ,g4 ,hois+ton1 ,infantry1 = draw+ a plate2 to ,capta9s ,j4 ,r4 ,n4 ,weav]1 ,infantry1 ,r4 ,h4 ,lee1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps1 ,l4 ,e4 ,moreton1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps1 ,c4 ,c4 ,b5son1 ,cavalry1 & ,j4 ,h4 ,grant1 #bd? ,infantry1 = _! valuable criticism2 & to ,major ,a4 ,w4 ,*ilton1 ,infantry1 = ! revision ( ! book 9 ord] to make x con=m to ! practical "w pass$ ov]--by 8 dis9t]e/$ correction ! :ole becomes m valuable z a text4 ,w4 ,a4 ,g4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,our ,,approa* ,,to ,a ,,critical ,,matt] ,all milit>y language %\ld be ( ! utmo/ brevity & cl>ity4 ,dea? & disa/] are ! direct results ( ambiguity4 ,?r\gh\t all hi/ory mi/ak5 directions & in=mation h be5 ! ru9 ( :ole campaigns4 ,c>eless word+1 l c>eless %oot+1 is n only ineffective b (t5 suicidal4 ,! object ( ^! few lessons is to give practice 9 putt+ ! language ( milit>y communication into =m4 ,x is hop$ t by means ( c]ta9 te*nical & rhetorical pr9ciples ! /ud5t may ga9 pr(ici5cy 9 express+ 8 ?\ghts z he int5ds !m & z milit>y effici5cy dem&s !m4 ,our ,field ,s]vice ,regulations /ate t 8cle> & decisive ord]s are ! logical result ( def9ite & sure decisions40 ,b ?is /atem5t does n imply t if a p]son arrives at a def9ite & sure decision1 he ga9s cle> & decisive phraseology )\t ef=t on 8 "p4 ,g5]al ,wagn]1 a pione] among ,am]ican milit>y au?orities1 divides into completely sep>ate op]ations ! act ( decid+ ^u a def9ite plan ( action & t ( draft+ or fram+ ord]s :i* w c>ry t decision into effect4 ,"o is purely milit>y & has to d ) dispositions ( =ces2 ! o!r is ma9ly rhetorical & has to d ) manipulations ( language4 ,_m a milit>y man has decid$ c]ta9ly 9 8 own m9d :at he is go+ to d 9 ord] to c>ry out 8 mission1 only to be fac$ imm$iately ) a h>d] task4 ,he mu/ set t def9ite idea 9 ! m9d ( "s "o else4 8,h[10 he sighs1 8%all ,i put ?is s z to let my ,capta9s1 ,smi? & ,jones1 "k exactly :at ,i want80 ,he seats himself on a w>m rock "u ! blaz+ sun & *ews 8 p5cil4 ,:at he at fir/ writes d[n1 he f9ds1 is full ( loop-holes & is n expressive ( :at he means4 ,he tries aga91 crosses out words "h & !re1 adds o!rs1 & *anges 8 s5t5ces until ! :ole is undeciph]able4 ,9 disgu/ he te>s up ! pap] & tries aga94 ,aft] fifte5 m9utes ( su* ef=t he holds 9 8 h& a few p>agraphs ( :i* he is n pr\d1 b :i* w h to d4 ,!re has be5 no want1 p]haps1 ( cle> tactical reason+ on 8 "p1 b r a di/9ct lack ( ability to drive common ,engli% home4 ,8 case1 we f9d1 is n exceptional4 ,"o has only to li/5 to ! discussions ( milit>y beg9n]s 7or ( "s1 alas1 :o are n milit>y beg9n]s7 to he> ?is /atem5t confirm$4 ,h[ (t5 aft] hav+ giv5 c>eful or ev5 brilliant e/imates ( a situation w a man bur/ out )1 8,i "k :at ,i mean "r "h1 b don't q "k h[ to say x60 ,all ! way along !re has be5 a decid$ blank space betwe5 decision 9 ! m9d & embodim5t 9 language4 ,:e!r slang1 pr(anity1 or colloquialisms h cut into our ord9>y spee* to su* an ext5t z to keep u at a loss = ! apt ^w1 or :e!r we h gr[n c>eless or slov5ly 9 our habits ( expression1 is a matt] ) :i* we are n conc]n$ "h4 ,we d "k t we are cont9ually hamp]$ by our inability to /ate absolutely our mean+4 ,?is lack ( skill 9 composition :i* besets u1 we mu/ ov]come 9 our pr(ession1 = ! sake ( ! lives dep5d5t ^u our words4 ,napoleon sitt+ at 8 desk scribbl+ (f ord]s & messages z fa/ z 8 nimble f+]s c travel1 8 secret>ies /&+ ab\t him grasp+ ea* f9i%$ piece f "u 8 p5 & s5d+ x (f imm$iately by c\ri] )\t revision or correction1 is a dazzl+ picture = ! milit>y lead] to contemplate4 ,9 8 writ+1 a comm&] capable ( c>ry+ out s+le-h&$ all ! phases & m9or items ( ! mightie/ ( campaigns c\ld1 no d\bt1 be precise & accurate habitually4 ,he 0 a g5ius4 ,yet ,napoleon _h _h long ye>s ( practice 9 putt+ 8 w into words2 =1 we are told1 he began to compose ord]s & to ?9k tactically & /rategically at a "t ( life :5 mo/ ( u h n ev5 *os5 our c>e]s4 ,if1 !n1 we c try our h& at transcrib+ our ideas 9 z =mative a p]iod z possible 9 our milit>y c>e]s1 we1 too1 may atta9 a pr(ici5cy t w become a second nature ) u4 ,at lea/1 we may put beh9d u a great "p ( ?is un9t]e/+ b indisp5sable "w ( le>n+ to control our language1 be=e we confront ! m s]i\s task ( /raight5+ out tactical & /rategical difficulties 9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy4 ,incid5tally1 :ile we are on our way 9 our progress 9 expression1 we may pick up mu* valuable milit>y in=mation4 ,9 our practice ) tactical language we mu/ make use ( c]ta9 facts :i* h be5 f\nd by exp]i5ce appropriate to c]ta9 happ5+s connect$ ) (fic]s' & soldi]s' duties4 ,we %all be 9 con/ant t\* ) ! work+s ( patrols1 advance gu>ds1 outpo/s1 & =ces 9 battle4 ,l s _m report]s we %all be pres5t at maneuv]s putt+ our notes into graphic & specific =m4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 we are go+ to rivet our att5tion to ! ma9 issue--! ma/]y ( cle> & brief milit>y communication4 ,x has be5 m5tion$ t su* ready skill (t5 prev5ts loss ( battles & human life4 ,x prev5ts ano!r loss :i* we h n tak5 up sep>ately--! loss ( "t4 ,! (fic] :o sat *ew+ 8 p5cil on ! w>m rock ?rew away f t5 to twelve m9utes :i* might h be5 us$ pr(itably ^u ! accompli%m5t ( 8 mission--an am\nt ( "t :i* might h giv5 ! v advantage ne$$ to ga9 a complete victory ov] ! enemy4 ,if he _h _h a skilful work+ k ( 8 own ,"m ,tongue1 ! delay w\ld n h occurr$4 ,8 effectiv5ess 0 lo/ = want ( p[] ( expression4 ,to illu/rate fur!r1 consid] = a mom5t an army po/ go+ ab\t its r\t9e duties ( drill1 gu>d1 & police4 ,into ! ,adjutant's (fice walks an individual :o ann\nces himself to be ,major ,sm>t ( ! ,inspector ,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t4 ,on be+ introduc$ to ! ,colonel1 he id5tifies himself1 & gives imm$iate ord]s t ! ,colonel %all h 8 regim5t on ! p>ade gr\nd ready = field s]vice 9 fifte5 m9utes4 ,:5 ! troops are =m$1 ! ,inspector rides up to ! ,colonel1 h&s him a typewritt5 tactical problem1 & asks = a solution ( x z soon z possible4 ,! ,inspector !n takes out 8 wat* & obs]ves4 ,if ! ,colonel consumes m ?an a reasonable numb] ( m9utes 9 writ+ 8 ord]s1 or if he %[s a hesitancy 9 s do+1 or if he mu/ seek aid f 8 ,adjutant1 x is surpris+ to note h[ soon aft] ,major ,sm>t's dep>ture f ! po/1 ! ,colonel receives a lett] f ,wa%+ton appris+ him ( 8 %ortcom+s1 & recomm5d+1 = 8 own good1 a spe$y rem$y4 ,because ( ! inroads ^u effici5cy1 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 l any good bus9ess firm1 _c brook vacillation or unw>rant$ loss ( "t4 ,we mu/1 !n1 adopt "s me?od or proc$ure by :i* we w effectually beat d[n ! causes ( ?is loss ( "t1 battles1 & life4 ,aft] analys+ pa/ pr(ici5cies & defici5cies 9 milit>y communication1 we spy out f all ! roads to ! goal op5 to u1 two :i* appe> to be %ort] ?an ! re/4 ,if we guide ourselves along ^! we %all come ^u our object 9 ! quicke/ way4 ,s9ce ! fir/ leads into ! second1 !y are giv5 "h 9 ord]4 ,we %\ld /rive3 7#a7 ,to le>n to f9d quickly expressions :i* w cov] in=mation & decisions t are try+ to /ruggle into language2 & 7#b7 ,to plant t in=mation & decision into ! recipi5t's und]/&+ exactly z x 0 root$ 9 our m9ds4 ,! fir/ process is t ( def9+ ?\ghts exactly & briefly4 ,! second process is t ( mak+ ^? ?\ghts s unmi/akable t ! mo/ /upid _c misund]/& & ! mo/ capti\s _c mis9t]pret4 ,aft] we h done ! fir/1 we %\ld look ov] our "w & be c]ta9 t we h done ! second4 ,! fir/ has to d ) ! k9d ( situation t fac$ ! man :o knew :at he 8want$ to say b c\ldn't express himself40 ,"s au?orities argue t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 cle> ?9k+ & cle> expression4 ,!y give no place to ! 8mute +lori\s ,milton40 ,!y w\ld n conc$e t ! man grop+ = language _h =m$ a def9ite plan 9 8 m9d1 because t plan 0 n def9ite en\gh to be express$4 8,if he has n ?\ght 9 language10 !y say1 8he has n really ?\ght40 ,_! oppon5ts claim t a man ?9ks 9 pictures1 & t he conceives 8 ideas z a pa9t] imag9es objects4 ,9 8 m9d are ! outl9es & colors ( :at he consid]s4 ,!re is tru? 9 bo? views ( ! matt]4 ,b x is likely f :at we "k ( ! tra9+ ( ! milit>y man t 8 m9d works m by visualiz+ ! troops & by conjur+ up ! sc5e ?an by ga9+ 8 conceptions ?r\gh words4 ,8 =ces are mov+ along roads1 occupy+ tr5*es1 or surg+ into conflict4 ,8 map is n a plane surface ) names ^u x1 b a vision ( highways1 wav+ corps1 & roll+ hills4 ,he is look+ at ^! ?+s )\t m5tally describ+ !m4 ,= ! purpose ( ?is c\rse1 we %all take ! view t !re are occasions :]e we d$uce c]ta9 results1 b are unable1 because ( unfamili>ity ) fram+ good s5t5ces or because ( a small vocabul>y1 to communicate ^? results or d$uctions 9 accordance ) common usage4 ,! second road c be illu/rat$ by comp>ison ) ! fir/4 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce1 al?\gh at fir/ !re does n appe> to be1 betwe5 m]ely /at+ a ?+ cle>ly & mak+ x unmi/akable4 ,! fir/ is b a negative approa* to complete c]ta9ty ( expression1 b ! second mu/ be a positive "o4 ,! di/9ction is "o m or less ( attitude ( m9d1 & al?\gh h]et(ore x has be5 ov]look$ z an entity 9 ,engli% text books & milit>y regulations1 x assur$ly illu/rates itself 9 two types ( m5 :o actually exi/4 ,! man :o is cont5t ) m]ely mak+ himself cle> takes ! attitude (1 8,o1 well1 !y w get :at ,i meant because any o!r int]pretation is absurd or incorrect40 ,! man :o is n cont5t unless he makes himself unmi/akable says1 8,i won't let any ( !m h ! slighte/ excuse = any o!r int]pretation2 :5 ,i get ?r\gh !re w be b "o int]pretation & t w be m9e40 ,! fir/ "o 9 s5d+ a message to 8 comm&+ (fic] locates himself by putt+ 9 8 head+1 8,irrigation dit* #ejj y>ds ea/ ( s\!a/ corn] ( ,ca?olic ,*ur*40 ,he notices ano!r irrigation dit* fifty y>ds fur!r to ! ea/1 b says to himself1 8,if my comm&+ (fic] measures ! di/ance on ! map he w "k :i* "o ,i mean40 ,! second man1 ^u look+ ab\t him & discov]+ ! o!r dit*1 does n accept ! *ance ( lett+ 8 comm&+ (fic] confuse ! two dit*es by a possible diff]5ce ( maps or measur+ in/rum5ts4 ,he inve/igates fur!r4 ,by mov+ a few y>ds to ! top ( a hillock he notices t ! f>!r dit* is entirely a dirt con/ruction :]eas ! "o he occupies is a concrete "o4 ,he confirms ?is intellig5ce by look+ at 8 map :i* %[s ! dit*es to be z he has made !m out4 ,he1 !re=e1 heads 8 message1 8,concrete irrigation dit* #ejj y>ds ea/ ( s\!a/ corn] ( ,ca?olic ,*ur*40 ,?is is a case :]e an add$ ^w has made ! mean+ m pro( aga9/ error4 ,!re are simil> cases :]e a ^w tak5 away1 or ! *ange ( a phrase1 clause1 or s5t5ce1 w make ! recipi5t ( ! communication m sure ( ! true /ate ( affairs4 ,to sum up z f> z we h gone1 we see t our object is to put milit>y communication into prop] =m2 t ! failure to make our expression ( ! utmo/ brevity & cl>ity causes loss ( effici5cy1 battles1 & life2 t a condition ( inability to express ourselves exi/s widely2 t by />t+ z e>ly z we c to practice cle> & brief =m )9 ! b\nds ( rhetorical & milit>y rules 7:i*1 aft] all1 are no?+ m ?an ^? ( common s5se71 we %all ov]come ?is defici5cy2 & t = ourselves we are go+ to direct our c\rse along two highways1 viz43 7#a7 ,to le>n to f9d quickly expressions :i* w cov] in=mation & decisions t are try+ to /ruggle into language2 & 7#b7 ,to plant t in=mation or decision 9 ! recipi5t's und]/&+ exactly z x 0 root$ 9 our m9ds4 ,we h1 s f>1 rehe>s$ ! g5]al attitude we mu/ adopt t[>d conqu]+ indef9ite & l5g?y expression4 ,because ?is weakness is s natural to u1 we _c af=d to trifle ) x if we wi% to become a factor 9 battle4 ,positive decisions & in=mation mu/ be giv5 9 a positive way4 ,s9ce no o!r k9d ( decision or in=mation is c\nt5anc$ 9 ! milit>y s]vice1 we mu/ se>* = specific means ( hav+ our language /& /urdily by itself4 ,x mu/ n *oke our idea or our w1 h[ev] little4 ,our decisiv5ess mu/ rea* our f>!/ sup]ior or subord9ate2 & words1 phrases1 clauses1 s5t5ces1 & p>agraphs are go+ to be our only repres5tatives4 ,!y alone w /& = u4 ,e p5cil m>k on t pap] w be a "p ( ! photograph ( our intellig5ce4 ,our phraseology w be ourselves4 ,we %all be judg$ by x1 & rightly s1 at a "t :5 we %all h no *ance to (f] an am5dm5t1 an excuse1 or an ,i-didn't-mean-q-t4 ,guide-po/s mu/ m>k our highways1 if we are 9 e>ne/ ab\t our de/9ation ( brevity & cl>ity4 ,9 ! specific h9ts :i* foll[ z to :at to d & :at n to d1 !re w be no attempt to po9t ! way to lit]>y effects :i* h ent]ta9m5t = _! sole object4 ,our ef=t mu/ be to f9d a practical & spe$y outlet = milit>y in=mation & decision ?r\gh ! mo/ unmi/akable *annels4 ,b s9ce we mu/ be t]se & cle> ev5 to ent]ta91 mo/ ( ! rules ( ,engli% w apply "h4 ,s we mu/ n betray surprise or angui% :5 we are beset on our way by "s old enemies ) :om we h wre/l$ 9 rhetorics4 ,9 meet+ !m aga9 we %all become ! /rong] because ( ! ex]cise on new & pr(essional gr\nd4 ,! ef=t to put facts into =ceful & compact =m n[1 w create = u su* a habit ( brevity & cl>ity t lat] on we %all h room 9 our natural language = only su* ideas & decisions z are brief & cle>4 ,,:at ,,we ,,mu/ ,,n ,,d ,,z ,,to ,,words4 #a4 ,nev] use a t]m :i* dep5ds ^u ! po9t ( view ( ! obs]v]1 su* z "r1 left1 9 front (1 beh9d1 on ?is side1 beyond1 & ! l4 ,any ( ^! directions may be turn$ askew 9 n9e cases out ( t5 = ! he>] or read]4 ,use in/ead nor?1 ea/1 etc4--! po9ts ( ! compass--designations :i* d n *ange4 ,to give an exact position ( a place1 /ate ! numb] ( y>ds x lies s\?1 we/1 etc41 ( a c]ta9 po9t on ! map or ( a well-kn[n object call$ a ref]5ce po9t4 ,exceptions4--,"r & left may be us$ 9 reg>d to individuals1 banks ( a /ream1 & flanks ( troops1 because _! rights & lefts d n *ange4 ,! "r ( a man is ! side on :i* 8 "r arm is no matt] :i* way he faces2 ! "r bank ( a /ream is ! "r z ! obs]v] faces d[n /ream2 ! "r flank ( a body ( troops is ! "r z ! troops face ! enemy4 7,troops 9 retreat are suppos$ to be fac+ ! enemy4 ,! re> gu>d 9 reality is do+ s47 #b4 ,d n use qualify+ words su* z1 sort (1 k9d (1 v1 almo/1 q1 exce$+ly1 trem5d\sly1 some:at1 r1 ne>ly1 & ! l2 ,=1 7a74 ,!y less5 =ce1 because !y r5d] unc]ta9 ideas :i* %\ld be def9ite2 & 7b74 ,!y mean diff]5t ?+s to diff]5t p4 ,smi?'s almo/ may a*ieve2 ,jones' almo/ may sc>cely />t4 #c4 ,d n use slang4 ,!re is usually a ^w :i* w express ! mean+ m tru?fully4 8,putt+ x ov]0 may mean complete victory or a snip]'s accurate %ot4 ,! phrase is n tru?ful4 #d4 ,use no abbreviations except ,a4 ,m41 & ,p4 ,m41 & ^? giv5 9 ,app5dix #i ( our ,field ,s]vice ,regulations4#a ,noon & midnight %\ld be writt5 out fully4 #e4 ,nev] use he1 x1 ?is1 him1 h]1 _!1 !m1 t1 ^?1 :i*1 ^:1 or ! l1 )\t look+ at !m f e angle to make sure t !y ref] to a s+le ^w4 ,if !y ref] to a :ole /atem5t or to two or m possible words1 !y are us$ wrongly4 ,! addition ( a n\n w usually fix ! mean+4 ,suppose y 7 to receive a message ) ?is s5t5ce 9 x3 ,! platoon lead] assign$ to "o squad ! wrong objective1 & x delay$ ! fir+4 ,grammatically1 ! objective delay$ ! fir+4 ,logically1 ei!r ! act ( ! platoon lead] or ! squad delay$ ! fir+4 ,y make out by re-read+ ! :ole message t x mu/ h be5 ! mi/ake ( ! platoon lead] :i* delay$ ! fir+4 ,b 9 ! meantime y h lo/ ?ree m9utes1 & ! gov]nm5t has lo/ t mu* effici5cy4 ,& ?is or :i* 9 place ( 8& x0 9 ! message w\ld h made ! s5se no cle>]4 ,b & ?is error1 or :i* error1 makes ! mean+ unmi/akable4 #f4 ,nev] use a p>ticiple )\t inspect+ x to see t x does n dangle--t x ref]s to ! subject ( ! s5t5ce rightly4 ,example3 8,look+ ov] ! crat]1 ! p]iscope ( ! enemy 0 se5 to turn40 ,:at ?is s5t5ce really says is t ! p]iscope 0 look+ ov] ! crat]--a v possible happ5+4 ,b all circum/ances connect$ ) ! idea1 aft] a s]ies ( m5tal d$uctions on ! "p ( ! read]1 reveal t ! writ] _h be5 look+ ov] ! crat] at ! p]iscope4 ,! comm&] :o receiv$ ?is in=mation might h be5 l$ to believe t ! p]iscope 0 situat$ 9 ! crat]4 ,at lea/ he 0 delay$1 if n misl$4 #g4 ,d n use & except :]e necess>y4 ,usually1 :5 we connect clauses ) x1 we d n mean &1 b "s m expressive ^w su* z because1 :]eas1 :51 etc4 #h4 ,d n use any ^w :i* might n mean ! same ?+ to any probable recipi5ts1 or might n commonly be und]/ood4 ,= in/ance1 to a s\!rn] ev5+ means some?+ diff]5t f its significance to a nor!rn]1 & to an ,engli%man clev] has n ! ,am]ican mean+4 ,wat* ! words :i* h local /&>ds4 ,,z ,,to ,,phrases ,,& ,,clauses4 #a4 ,d n all[ a phrase or a clause to /r+ out y\r expression :5 "o ^w might answ]4 ,boil y\r communication to ! cle>e/ m9imum4 7a74 ,we w5t back to headqu>t]s ) all possible spe$4 ,we hurri$ to headqu>t]s4 ,"h ! specific v]b hurri$ does away ) y\r phrase ) all possible spe$4 7b74 ,:5 we 7 pres5t 9 ! cantonm5t1 ! soldi]s look$ z ?\gh !y 7 q hungry4 ,our inspection ( ! cantonm5t reveal$ ! soldi]s to be hungry4 ,"h our inspection does away ) ! clause :5 we 7 pres5t2 & to be hungry does away ) z ?\gh !y 7 q hungry4 ,?is error ( spread+ words is common to ord9>y writ]s & is mo/ tir+ & "t-wa/+ to read]s4 #b4 ,d n omit words f y\r phrases & clauses :]e !re is a *ance = misund]/&+4 ,examples3 ,! deta*m5t comm&] w be ) ! ma9 body until #g a4 m4 & !reaft] ! advance gu>d4 ,:at is really /at$ is t ! advance gu>d w be ) ! ma9 body aft] #g a4 m4--an un9t5d$ /atem5t4 ,make y\r gramm> accord absolutely ) y\r mean+4 ,add ! ) :i* belongs be=e ! advance1 & notice h[ ! s5se is br\ght out4 ,aga91 ,!y ord] u to g to ,br[nsville & d impossible ?+s4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce d !y ord] u to d impossible ?+s1 or d !y !mselves d impossible ?+s8 ,add ! sign ( ! inf9itive :]e x belongs be=e d4 ,& to d impossible ?+s reads unmi/akably4 #c4 ,d n use a p>ticipial phrase )\t fir/ inspect+ x to see t x holds b "o idea4 ,hav+ *ang$ our position1 ! enemy 0 confus$4 ,:at ?is s5t5ce really says is t ! enemy1 :5 he _h *ang$ our position1 0 confus$4 ,?is mean+ is evid5tly n int5d$ f ! v nature ( ! /atem5t4 ,x is cle>] & m accurate to use a f9ite =m ( ! v]b in/ead ( ! p>ticiple2 z1-- ,because we *ang$ our position we confus$ ! enemy4 ,or if y c cond5se ) accuracy1 ,! *ange 9 our position confus$ ! enemy4 ,,z ,,to ,,s5t5ces4 #a4 ,avoid long involv$ s5t5ces4 ,ev5 if !y are grammatically well con/ruct$1 !y are liable to rhetorical error4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce because ( its l5g? violates unity3 8,! organization ( ! ,g]man army is today well kn[n to ,am]ican ,army (fic]s1 & exp]i5ce has %[n t ,g]man problems & solutions ( a complex "* *ang$ 9 translation to con=m to ,am]ican units are (t5 m tr\blesome = ! /ud5t to und]/& ?an ! orig9al w\ld be1 z1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! size ( ! units1 x is (t5 necess>y 9 read+ su* a translation to g back to ! ,g]man organization 9 ord] to expla9 a di/ribution ( troops1 :i*1 ?\gh simple = a ,g]man division1 w\ld be an awkw>d "o = a division organiz$ aft] our own ,field ,s]vice ,regulations40 ,! fir/ ?\ght giv5 to ! read] is t 8! organization ( ! ,g]man army is today well kn[n to ,am]ican ,army (fic]s40 ,! la/ ?\ght ( ! s5t5ce is t ! 8explanation ( a di/ribution ( troops w\ld be an awkw>d "o = a division organiz$ aft] our own ,field ,s]vice ,regulations40 ,! pa? f ! fir/ ?\ght to ! second is long & w9d+4 ,9 fact ! two d n belong 9 ! same s5t5ce z ! s5se /&s4 ,) a simple *ange we c make ! :ole easi] to read3 ,! organization ( ! ,g]man army is today well kn[n to ,am]ican ,army (fic]s4 ,_! exp]i5ce has %[n t ,g]man problems & solutions ( a complex "* *ang$ 9 translation to con=m to ,am]ican units are (t5 m tr\blesome = ! /ud5t to und]/& ?an ! orig9al w\ld be4 ,on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! size ( ! units1 x is (t5 necess>y 9 read+ su* a translation to g back to ! ,g]man organization 9 ord] to expla9 a di/ribution ( troops1 :i*1 ?\gh simple = a ,g]man division1 w\ld be an awkw>d "o = a division organiz$ aft] our own ,field ,s]vice ,regulations4 ,! read] has be5 all[$ to take 9 a ?\ght at a "t in/ead ( ?ree ?\ghts at once4 ,9 spite ( ! injunction 9 our ,field ,s]vice ,regulations t 8%ort s5t5ces are easily und]/ood10 su* long & involv$ expressions z ! above h ab\nd$ among milit>y writ]s4 ,9 w>1 ?is cont9u\s motion 9 a s+le s5t5ce has m>r$ und]tak+s2 9 peace1 x has robb$ effici5cy4 ,x has be5 an incubus ^u g5]al ord]s1 & ev5 communications 9 ! field4 ,,caution4--,by %ort s5t5ces we d n mean *oppy s5t5ces--s5t5ces unnecess>ily %ort z1-- ,! battalion halt$ = ! night4 ,x ate supp]4 ,!n ! battalion reliev$ ! outpo/4 ,"h ! read] has be5 /opp$ :5 he %\ld h be5 kept go+1 = !re is 9 reality b "o ?\ght 9 ! ?ree sep>ate s5t5ces4 ,!y %\ld be comb9$ into "s su* =m z ?is1-- ,aft] ! battalion _h halt$ = ! night & _h eat5 supp]1 x reliev$ ! outpo/4 ,! prop] relation ( ideas is "h express$ = ! read]4 ,he kn[s t ! relief ( ! outpo/ is ! ma9 consid]ation1 dep5d+ 9 po9t ( "t ^u ! halt & supp]4 ,& ! :ole ?\ght is n too big = him to take 9 z he reads4 ,! fir/ error1 illu/rat$ by ! s5t5ce conc]n+ ,g]man organization1 is a fault common to old] writ]s4 ,!y h all[$ !mselves to gr[ into ! habit ( add+ qualify+ phrases & clauses to s5t5ces already complet$ until _! additions come to swamp ! orig9als4 ,! second error1 illu/rat$ by ! s5t5ce conc]n+ ! battalion reliev+ ! outpo/1 is a fault common to "y writ]s4 ,!y h n yet =m$ ! habit ( relat+ 9 _! own m9ds ! sep>ate ideas ( a complete ?\ght4 ,! happy mean betwe5 ^! two indef9ite extremes is ! "o we wi% to f9d--! s5t5ce t gives spe$y & accurate intellig5ce4 #b4 ,d n use comp\nd s5t5ces conta9+ &1 save :]e !y _c be avoid$4 ,"h is a common piece ( slov5l9ess f\nd 9 su* a con/ruction4-- ,! wagon tra9s pull$ out & ! troops ate breakfa/4 ,any "o ( ! foll[+ is m def9ite4 ,aft] ! wagon tra9s pull$ out ! troops ate breakfa/4 ,! wagon tra9s pull$ out be=e ! troops ate breakfa/4 ,z ! wagon tra9s pull$ out ! troops ate breakfa/4 ,! writ] 9 ! fir/ in/ance 0 too lazy or /upid to ?9k out ! specific mean+ ( & = ! read]4 ,rememb]1 also1 t ! use ( & to connect clauses leads u into ! trea*]\s 8run-on s5t5ces0--! s5t5ce t flits f subject to subject l an old gossip4 8,!y fell into ! trap & s ! comm&+ (fic]'s ord]s 7 lo/ & !y rema9$ !re tw5ty days & 7 f9ally remov$ to a prison camp & !re w9t] soon came on & f9ally !y 7 releas$ & w5t home 9 ! spr+40 ,! s5t5ce1 9 addition to hav+ too _m ideas 9 x1 has !m unrelat$4 ,,:at ,,we ,,mu/ ,,d ,,z ,,to ,,words4 #a4 ,e geographical "n mu/ be pr9t$ 9 capitals1 ?us1-- ,,we/ ,,po9t1 ,,m>ne ,,riv]1 ,,p>is4 ,?is rule does n mean t ! names mu/ be pr9t$1 m]ely1 b t e lett] mu/ be capitaliz$ legibly4 ,if ! place be n pron\nc$ z x is spell$1 x %\ld appe> ?us1--,,x5ia 7,z-n-71 ,,p\ghkeepsie 7,p-kp-s71 ,,*ihuahua 7,*-w-w74 ,a road mu/ be designat$ by en\gh po9ts to make x unmi/akable along ! entire c\rse consid]$2 ?us3-- ,,bigl]ville--#ehb--;,,c5t] ,,mills4 7,see map1 ,a-#h & #g47 ,! #ehb ins]t$ 9 ?is case keeps ! c\rse f be+ confus$ ) ! turn-(f t[>d ,,gu]nsey4 ,if ! c\rse 7 int5d$ to lie ?r\gh ,,gu]nsey1 ! road w\ld appe> ?us1-- ,,bigl]ville--,,gu]nsey--,,c5t] ,,mills4 #b4 ,use ! words ( "o syllable pref]ably4 ,y w f9d t ! long] words come to y m readily b are usually m hazy 9 mean+4 ,y w ga9 vigor & cle>ness by ! cultivation ( ,anglo-,saxon4 #c4 ,d n connect two s5t5ces by a comma2 = example3-- ,! phrase does n imply motion1 ?us x w\ld mean no?+ to say t ! batt]y is advanc+ on ! l9e ,tw9s-,concrete ,=d4 ,! error "h is n s mu* "o ( punctuation z ( s5t5ce idea4 ,someh[1 ! ?\ght does n run smoo?ly4 ,we f9d t two sep>ate ?\ghts )\t mu* relation%ip h be5 compress$ into a s+le s5t5ce--into some?+ :i* %\ld be a complete :ole1 & g f capital to p]iod )\t break4 ,(t5times1 by %[+ ?is relation%ip1 we may br+ ! idea )9 b\nds ( a s+le s5t5ce2 = example3-- ,s9ce ! phrase does n imply motion1 x w\ld mean no?+ to say t ! batt]y is advanc+ on ! l9e1 etc4 #d4 ,wat* ! position ( y\r adv]bs4 ,:5 y mean1-- ,we captur$ almo/ all ! ammunition1 ,d n say1-- ,we almo/ captur$ all ! ammunition4 ,! fir/ means t we captur$ at lea/ a "p ( ! ammunition2 ! second means t we 7 close to success1 b fail$ to capture ammunition4 #e4 ,use ! words head & tail :5 speak+ ( a column ( troops4 ,! head is ! lead+ elem5t & ! tail is ! o!r end1 no matt] 9 :i* direction ! column happ5s to be fac+4 #f4 ,9 ! newspap] or book t y are read+1 e "t y meet a new ^w make x y\rs4 ,look up ! mean+ 9 ! diction>y until y are sure t y "k h[ to use ! ^w4 ,at ! fir/ opportunity1 employ x 9 y\r conv]sation or writ+4 ,soon] or lat] 8dope0 & ! et]nal 8damn0 w h ceas$ to fill 9 endless crevices 9 y\r talk & _! places w h be5 tak5 by incisive words4 ,y w awake to f9d t y are express+ y\rself m easily & pla9ly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 e ^w y pass ov] or = :i* y m]ely consult ! diction>y1 is a tool ca/ aside 9 y\r build+ ( an (fic]4 ,e bit ( slang or pr(anity :i* n[ cr[ds out ! appropriate ^w w lat] rise up & clog y\r ?\ght at a "t :5 y are mak+ y\r utmo/ endeavor to put into cle>1 =ceful ,engli% y\r plan ( action or y\r ord]4 ,,z ,,to ,,phrases ,,& ,,clauses4 ,rememb] to place phrases & clauses ne>e/ ! words !y modify4 ,capta9 ,george w divide ! tools equally among ! battalions :i* are fit = fell+ timb]4 ,! *ange ( ! italiciz$ clause to its prop] position next ! ^w tools1 gives ! int5d$ mean+4 ,,z ,,to ,,s5t5ces4 #a4 ,use ! %ort complex s5t5ce2 su* z3-- ,an attack is expect$ tomorr[ f /rong ho/ile =ces ^: advanc$ troops are ne> ,,=t ,,montgom]y4 ,! enemy's infantry disappe>$ to ! s\? z soon z our advance cavalry came ov] ! hill4 ,! use ( :51 s9ce1 because1 :]e1 :5ev]1 al?\gh1 aft]1 till1 until1 z1 s long z1 n[ t1 :5ce1 :i!r1 inasmu* z1 t1 9 ord] t1 s t1 & le/1 ) ! f9ite =m ( ! v]b is a good con/ruction to practice4 ,notice h[ compact & explicit is ! foll[+3-- ,le/ ! enemy %\ld turn y\r flank1 keep ve]+ to ! ea/4 ,try to put ?is same ?\ght into twelve words by means ( a diff]5t con/ruction4 #b4 ,:5 y />t ) "o k9d ( con/ruction1 keep x up unless !re be "s good reason to *ange x4 ,if y beg9 ) ! pa/ t5se & ?ird p]son1 h ! pa/ t5se & ?ird p]son cont9ue ?r\gh\t ! s5t5ce or s5t5ces4 ,x is report$ t ext5sive prep>ations are be+ made 9 ! vic9ity ( ,,cambrai & ! enemy has /or$ railroad mat]ial !re4 ,x is report$ t ! enemy has made ext5sive prep>ations at ,,cambrai & has /or$ railroad mat]ial !re4 ,:i* s5t5ce reads along ) less break8 ,aga91 ,x is advisable to advance "p ( ! ammunition columns & t ! division %\ld foll[ at #bjj y>ds4 ,bett]1 ,x is advisable to advance "p ( ! ammunition columns & to h ! division foll[ at #bjj y>ds4 ,n[ t specific guides h be5 po/$ ne> ! grammatical turns ( ! road1 let u look at two g5]al rules cov]+ ev]y?+ we d4 #a4 ,write legibly4--,ra91 we> 9 ! pocket1 dim & fad+ lights1 & crumpl$ pap] are go+ to make havoc ( y\r ord]s & messages 9 w> "t4 ,y\r comm&+ (fic] mu/ be able to make out y\r script z well z y\r mean+4 ,n[ is ! mom5t to make y\r h&writ+ a size or two l>g] & noticeably pla9]4 #b4 ,inspect ! =m4 ,aft] y h writt5 y\r ideas legibly1 look at !m se>*+ly to see t !y mean only :at y int5d4 ,y _c be too cold-blood$ ab\t ?is act = two reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is a habit :i* is /rong ^u u4 ,we h all be5 too prone to /ate a ?+ haphaz>dly1 & !n to exclaim1 8,y "k :at ,i mean60 ,! p]son address$1 ( c\rse1 is n go+ to ackn[l$ge t he has n ! bra9s to und]/&2 s ! jumble is nev] smoo!d out4 ,?us 9 n9e-t5?s ( our (f-h& mom5ts we h be5 accu/om$ to say :at we d n mean4 ,! habit is s /rong t :5 we f9d ourselves deal+ ) matt]s ( life & dea?1 we are /ill liable to :isp] to ourselves1 8,o1 well1 he'll get x40 ,! result is t ! "p ( ! ord]1 message1 or report1 :i* /ruck u z hav+ our usual cle>ness1 is a puzzle to ! recipi5t4 ,9 ! second place1 ! impression has gr[n up 9 ! m9ds ( _m t sub/ance1 no matt] h[ x is mix$1 is all t is necess>y4 ,!re has come ab\t a c]ta9 pr\d disreg>d ( ! mann] 9 :i* a ?+ is express$4 ,too _m te*nical books h fail$ ( _! purpose because ! writ]1 al?\gh he 0 an exp]t 9 8 l9e1 did n "k h[ to pres5t 8 subject 9 an attractive =m4 ,9 ! same way explanations h fail$ ^u ! drill gr\nd1 & lectures h made excell5t tacticians appe> l s*ool-boys4 ,! v mann] ( communication has n only spoil$ ! ta/e = ! subject matt] b has h9d]$ its absorption4 ,8 audi5ce has n und]/ood 8 explanation4 ,9 inspect+ y\r "w1 take ! attitude t ! recipi5t is skeptical ( ev]y?+ y h said4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is assum$ t y wi% to fa/5 9 y\r m9d ev]y?+ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! foll[+ me?od is sugge/$ z ! be/ %ort-cut3 #a4 ,make an outl9e ( ! :ole *apt]1 express+ ! ma9 idea ( ea* p>agraph & sub-p>agraph 9 two or ?ree words4 #b4 ,close y\r books4 #c4 ,) ! aid ( y\r outl9e see :e!r y c call to y\r m9d ev]y?+ ! p>agraph or sub-p>agraph means4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,milit>y ,,communications ,! foll[+ are ! v>i\s types ( milit>y communication3 ,,field ,,messages convey v]bal or writt5 in=mation by mess5g] or wire4 ,,reports are writt5 acc\nts ( "s ent]prise1 und]tak+1 or ev5t1 su* z a reconnaissance1 m>*1 or battle4 ,,w> ,,di>ies are daily records ( ev5ts kept dur+ campaign by ea* battalion & high] organization4 ,f ! entries 9 ^! di>ies ! facts ( our milit>y hi/ory are obta9$4 ,,lett]s ,,( ,,in/ruction1 issu$ by high] comm&]s1 regulate 9 a g5]al way movem5ts cov]+ mu* "t & space4 ,army & ,corps comm&]s may1 by visits & conf]5ces1 (t5 communicate v]bally ! sub/ance ( lett]s ( in/ruction4 ,,field ,,ord]s1 issu$ v]bally or 9 writ+ by comm&]s ( tactical units1 regulate ! tactical actions ( troops1 & su* /rategical actions z are n cov]$ by lett]s ( in/ruction4 ,,g5]al ,,ord]s are writt5 directions hav+ to d ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( a comm&4 ,!y conta9 ! necess>y details = c>ry+ out injunctions f high] au?ority1 = keep+ up /&+ in/ructions1 & = publi%+ results ( special & g5]al c\rts-m>tial4 ,,ord]s 7:5 n us$ z a g5]al t]m7 ref] to ! in/ructions communicat$ to troops by comm&]s ( divisions & ( sep>ate brigades 9 reg>d to combat1 field1 ammunition1 supply1 sanit>y1 & eng9e] tra9s4 ,,special ,,ord]s cov] su* matt]s 9 reg>d to individuals z are n necess>y to be communicat$ to ! entire comm&4 ,,op]ation ,,ord]s1 z we n[ use ! t]m 9 ref]5ce to tr5* w>f>e1 are ! ord]s gov]n+ a c]ta9 ent]prise along a giv5 sector ( ! front4 ,al?\gh !y are ev5 m precise ?an field ord]s1 !y conta9 m details on acc\nt ( ! wide diff]5ce betwe5 tr5* & op5 w>f>e4 ,,circul>s are pr9t$ f "t to "t by v>i\s bureaus & dep>tm5ts ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 & by pur*as+ (fic]s1 = ! publication ( data p]ta9+ to ! bus9ess ( a bureau or dep>tm5t4 ,,bullet9s publi%1 usually 9 pamphlet =m1 in=mation = ! milit>y s]vice4 ,bo? circul>s & bullet9s h ! =ce ( ord]s4 ,,memor&a are publi%$ f "t to "t by comm&+ (fic]s to embody directions n vital or sweep+ en\gh = g5]al or special ord]s4 ,memor&a h ! =ce ( ord]s4 ,,(ficial ,,correspond5ce consi/s ( (ficial lett]s1 returns1 rolls1 e/imates1 requisitions1 & c]ta9 r\t9e reports4 ,^! types ( communication h be5 def9$ 9 ord] to give a g5]al survey ( ! _m k9ds ( writt5 & oral expression ( :i* milit>y m5 %\ld become ma/]s4 ,al?\gh ! task appe>s huge1 pr(ici5cy c be ga9$ by att5tion to ! h9ts sugge/$ 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,9 ord] to apply ^? sugge/ions 9 a practical way1 we mu/ n[ sort out f all ( ! above types ^? :i* %\ld press !mselves mo/ ^u our att5tion4 ,c]ta9ly all ^! types _c be equally necess>y = our imm$iate /udy4 ,possibly if we classify !m f ! po9t ( view ( ! occasion = _! use1 we may see m cle>ly h[ to treat !m4 ,,classification ,,accord+ ,,to ,,/ress ,,message ,communicat$ usually 9 ! pres5ce ,,field ,,ord]s ( ! enemy "u /ress4 ,,op]ation ,,ord]s ,,ord]s--,writt5 (t5 9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy "u /ress4 ,,lett]s ,,( ,,in/ruction--,writt5 "u /ress1 b ) m or less leisure4 ,,w> ,,di>ies--,writt5 "u /ress1 b at any "t1 dur+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,,reports--,writt5 dur+ campaign or peace at comp>ative leisure4 ,,g5]al ,,ord]s ,,special ,,ord]s ,,circul>s ,writt5 dur+ campaign or peace ,,bullet9s conc]n+ subjects ( a r\t9e ,,memor&a nature4 ,,correspond5ce ,,explanations ,,lectures ,x is evid5t t we are go+ to h to write messages1 field ord]s1 & op]ation ord]s :5 ! enemy is ^u u1 & :5 e second is vital4 ,if we mu/ /op 9 t crisis & putt] ov] ! =ms & me?ods ( draft+ our ?\ghts1 h[ useless we %all be6 ,:5 t "t comes1 "o ?+ alone %\ld occupy our consci\s ?\ght--our milit>y idea4 ,t w be suffici5t to keep busy ! mo/ brilliant intellect4 ,9 ord] t we %all h1 !n1 p]fect fre$om to grapple ) tactical1 /rategical1 or logi/ical difficulties on ! field ( battle1 let u le>n ! =ms & me?ods ( messages1 field ord]s1 & op]ation ord]s z soon z possible4 ,9 s do+ we %all discov] two ?+s1-- 7#a7 ,t messages1 field ord]s1 & op]ation ord]s h a be>+ ^u ea* o!r 9 ! sequ5ce giv51 & 7#b7 ,t ! "w ( fram+ !m w give u ! greate/ possible practice 9 writ+ all o!r types ( communication4 ,,! ,,message4--,! g5]al t]m message may ref] to 7#a7 any in=mal or %ort communication1 7#b7 any directions or ord]s too abbreviat$ to be kn[n z field ord]s1 or 7#c7 any piece ( in=mation transmitt$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy4 ,numb] #a is too broad = treatm5t "h4 ,moreov]1 ! ready skill 9 compos+ any?+ ( its nature %\ld foll[ easily f :at we are ab\t to practice4 ,numb] #b is to be consid]$ 9 connection ) field ord]s4 ,numb] #c1 !n1 is ! important "o = u to take up n[4 ,f its def9ition x is already famili> to u z ,,! ,,field ,,message ,s9ce x deals entirely ) ! communication ( in=mation1 x might be well to inquire f :at s\rces ?is in=mation is to be d]iv$1 9 ord] t we may "k some?+ ab\t ! k9d ( mat]ial ) :i* we are go+ to deal4 ,j z a /5ograph] acqua9ts h]self ) "s ( ! work+s ( h] employ]'s bus9ess 9 ord] to atta9 ! greate/ am\nt ( usefulness1 s we %\ld n[ look ov] ! va/ am\nt ( t]ritory :i* ! cont5ts ( field messages cov] 9 ord] to ga9 ! maximum effici5cy 9 compos+ ^! communications4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d t high] comm&]s1 adjo9+ troops1 inhabitants ( ! c\ntry1 newspap]s1 lett]s1 telegraph files1 prison]s1 des]t]s1 spies1 maps1 & reconnaissances1 are all s\rces ( valuable milit>y in=mation4 ,x is f ^! t we %all obta9 our data4 ,mo/ ( all1 h[ev]1 w ! fight+ man obta9 8 f reconnaissance--! "w ( ga!r+ in=mation 9 ! field4 ,f ! mom5t ( ent]+ ! !atre ( op]ations to t ( ab&on+ x1 !re is necess>y a con/ant que/ ( k ( ! enemy's composition1 morale1 mat]ial1 disposition1 & activities4 ,no lead] c act intellig5tly )\t ?is in=mation1 &1 s9ce he _c hope to get x 9 p]son1 he mu/ dep5d = its acquisition ^u c]ta9 reconnaissance units1 *ief ( :i* is ! patrol4 ,our conc]n ) ^! reconnaissance units lies 9 ! fact t ! in=mation :i* !y ga!r mu/ be s5t to ! comm&] by messages4 ,if no "o 9 ! patrol is capable ( s5d+ back accurate & timely writt5 in=mation1 ! reconnaissance has fail$1 & ! patrol might z well h rema9$ 9 camp4 ,! good field message is ! /rong l9k betwe5 ! reconnoit]+ p>ty & ! ma9 body4 ,! poor field message is a gap :i* no am\nt ( c\rage\s ef=t 9 f]ret+ out facts f a w>y enemy w bridge4 ,! ideal reconnaissance1 !n1 is "o :i* keeps a con/ant /ream ( accurate & reliable messages fl[+ back to ! prop] recipi5t4 ,! ma9 factors :i* g to make up accuracy & reliability ( field messages are ke5 obs]vation & fai?ful expression4 ,bo? ( ^! faculties c be cultivat$1 & inde$ are s closely alli$ t !y ought to be consid]$ toge!r4 ,x is q difficult at times to tell :]e "o leaves (f & ! o!r beg9s4 ,if a man puts 9 8 message1 8,! enemy 0 se5 ov] ! hill10 & ano!r1 witness+ ! same occurr5ce1 /ates t 8sev5 ho/ile infantrym5 lay d[n on ! milit>y cre/ ( hill #cjg at #d-ag p4 m410 :i* "o has ke5ly obs]v$8 ,:i* "o has fai?fully express$ himself8 ,is x possible t ! fir/ man did n see any ( ! details ( ! second message8 ,or did he fail to put !m d[n fai?fully8 ,9 :atev] way we answ] ^! que/ions1 we are br\ght to ! realization t ! second man appli$ bo? faculties to an equal ext5t4 ,&1 !re=e1 we are l$ to ! conclusion t f ! /&po9t ( complete expression we mu/ take ?+s quickly1 precisely1 & accurately1 & put !m out c]ta9ly1 specifically1 concretely1 unmi/akably1 & fai?fully4 ,! field message is n us$ by ! reconnaissance unit exclusively4 ,an ex*ange ( communications might be necess>y betwe5 comm&]s to tell ( *ang+ conditions4 ,! enemy has develop$ an unexpect$ attack1 re9=cem5ts are urg5tly ne$$1 etc4 ,?is message w diff] slightly 9 =m f ! ord9>y field message :i* w be analys$ bel[1 b x w be ( ! same ess5tial type1 & w make ! same dem&s ^u brevity & cle>ness4 ,,=ms ,,= ,,field ,,messages ,! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations /ate t 8! au?oriz$ message book %\ld be us$ & ! =m !re9 adh]$ to40 ,?is book1 issu$ by ! ,signal ,corps1 conta9s fifty message blanks ) fifty duplicat+ %eets1 s t fifty messages may be s5t & a copy ( ea* reta9$4 ,! front ( ! blank appe>s z on next page4 ,! back ( ! blank is divid$ into squ>es4 ,by means ( a ratio betwe5 ! size ( ^! squ>es & c]ta9 scales = maps1 a fairly accurate sket* is possible4 ,caution4 ,rememb] t a message may n always g direct f s5d] to receiv]1 b may be relay$ by sev]al me?ods ( communications--buzz]1 helio1 or flag4 ,?9k h[ errors may creep 9 at ea* *ange ( me?od1 & gu>d aga9/ !m by mak+ y\r message "o ( telegraphic brevity & unmi/akable cle>ness4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,no4 ,s5t by ,"t ,rec'd by ,"t ,*eck ,u4 ,s4 ,,army ,,field ,,message4 7,^! spaces = ,signal ,op]ators only47 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,communicat$ by 7,"n ( s5d+ deta*m5t47 ,buzz]1 ,phone1 ,telegraph1 ,wireless1 ,lant]n1 ,helio1 ,flag1 ,f44444444444444444444444444444444444 ,cycli/1 ,foot 7,location ( s5d+ deta*m5t7 ,mess5g]1 ,m\nt$ ,mess5g]1 ,motor ,c>1 ,at4444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,fly+ ,ma*9e4 ,und]score means us$4 ,date44444444444 ,h\r44444444 ,no4444 ------------------------ ,to4444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444 ,receiv$44444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,by means ( ?is sket*1 ! message may (t5 be %ort5$1 = ! s5d] c ref] by lett] or numb] to v>i\s po9ts on ! sket*1 :]eas he w\ld o!rwise be compell$ to describe positions or to g into detail at l5g?4 ,:5 he does draw a sket*1 he %\ld ref] to x some:]e on ! bottom ( ! face ( ! message ?us3 7,see sket* ov]7 or 7,see sket* rev]se side74 ,! sket* is n usually duplicat$4 ,! rev]se side ( ! message blank appe>s ?us3 ,illu/ration3 7grid ( #bex#ce squ>es7 ,scale ( ,sket* 444 ins4 #a mile4 ,:5 scale is #f ins4 #a mile1 ea* small squ>e is #ej y>ds4 ,:5 #c ins4 #a mile1 ea* "o is #ajj y>ds4 ,:5 #f ins4 #a mile1 ,v4,i4 #aj ft4 ,:5 #c ins4 #a mile1 ,v4,i4 #bj ft4 ,! =m ( address ( ! regulation envelope = ?is message appe>s bel[4 ,x is probably be/ expla9$ by an extract f p>agraph #cf1 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 :i* reads z foll[s3 8,messages c>ri$ by a mess5g] are usually enclos$ 9 envelopes prop]ly address$4 ,! envelope :5 n m>k$ #8confid5tial' is left unseal$1 s t comm&]s along ! l9e ( m>* may read ! cont5ts4 ,^u ! envelope is writt5 ! "n ( ! mess5g]1 8 "t ( dep>ture1 & rate ( spe$4 ,! la/ is indicat$ z foll[s3 ,ord9>y1 rapid1 or urg5t4 ,ord9>y means five miles an h\r = a m\nt$ man2 rapid1 ab\t #g or #h miles an h\r2 & urg5t1 ! highe/ spe$ consi/5t ) c]ta9ty ( arrival at de/9ation4 ,! recipi5t notes ! "t ( receipt ^u ! envelope & returns ! latt] to be>]40 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army ,,field ,,message ,to4444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,no44444444444 7,= signal op]ator only47 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,:5 s5t444444444444444444444444444444 ,no44444444444 ,rate ( spe$444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 ,"n ( ,mess5g]44444444444444444444444444444444 444444 ,:5 & by :om rec'd444444444444444444444444444444444 ,?is ,envelope ,w ,be ,return$ to ,be>] ,we %\ld c]ta9ly be arm$ ) a ,field ,message ,book :5 ! crucial mom5t = writ+ a message arrives4 ,b x s happ5s1 especially 9 op5 w>f>e1 t t article ( equipm5t may h be5 left 9 ! saddlebags1 or h be5 borr[$ by a fri5d4 ,at any rate x is n pres5t = duty :5 we want x4 ,h[ev]1 we are always able to produce a piece ( pap] or clo?+--some?+ ^u :i* to write--f someone ( ! p>ty pres5t4 ,x behooves u1 !n1 to le>n to compose a message )\t ! aid ( a blank4 ,inde$1 ?is idea is conta9$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! quotation f ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations--8& ! =m !re9 adh]$ to40 ,we are n compell$ to memorize ! =m ( ! ,field ,message ,blank4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 analyse x s t x w fix itself 9 our memory & w be a "p ( :at we mu/ "k 9 reg>d to ! field ord]4 ,& we c ga9 a k ( ?is =m r by adh]+ to ! field message blank ?an by dep>t+ f x4 ,yet we ne$ n "k its entire =m b simply :at cont5ts are necess>y & :at ord] !y mu/ h4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! field message may be divid$ into ?ree p>ts3 ,,! ,,head+1 ,,! ,,body1 ,,! ,,end+4 ,,! ,,head+ %\ld conta93 ,,! ,,"n ,,( ,,s5d+ ,,deta*m5t1 ,,! ,,location ,,( ,,s5d+ ,,deta*m5t 7,,place71 ,,! ,,date1 ,,! ,,h\r ,,( ,,issue1 ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,message4 ,= example1 ! :ole head+ w\ld appe> some?+ l ?is3 ,combat ,patrol1 #cah? ,infantry1 ,cross ,roads #ejj yds4 s\? ( ,,cl9ton ,,s*ool ,,h\se4 ,no4 #c4 #i ,jan4 #ah4 #i-de p4 m4 ,location ( s5d+ deta*m5t means ! exact spot ^u :i* s5d] is locat$ at "t ( writ+4 ,! date %\ld be giv5 always z above 9 ! sequ5ce1 day1 mon?1 ye>4 ,?is comb9ation prev5ts ! num]als f be+ confus$4 ,9 nam+ a night bo? days %\ld be m5tion$ ?us3 ,night #d_/e ,feb4 #ah4 ,! "t %\ld always h ! da% betwe5 ! h\r & m9utes4 ,messages s5t on ! same day f ! same s5d+ deta*m5t are numb]$ consecutively4 ,ea* day or ea* mission />ts a new s]ies4 ,if a map ref]r$ to is n ! "o on ! rev]se side ( ! message1 ! s5d] %\ld designate ! "n or numb] ( ! map us$1 imm$iately bel[ ! numb] ( ! message4 ,,! ,,body ( ! message conta9s ! foll[+3 ,,to ,,:om ,,s5t1 ,,! ,,body ,,prop]4 ,,! ,,body ,,prop] has ! foll[+ sequ5ce = its in=mation3 #a4 ,,enemy4 #b4 ,,y\r ,,own ,,troops4 #c4 ,,t]ra94 #d4 ,,y\r ,,plan4 ,! body !n w\ld appe> some?+ l ?is3 8,to ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,advance ,gu>d1 #ga/ ,brigade3 ,squadron ( enemy's cavalry encamp$ 9 mead[ #fjj y>ds s\!a/ ( "h4 ,our (fic]'s patrol1 :i* we met at ,,zion ,,*ur* at #h-aj a4 m41 report$ two regim5ts enemy's infantry intr5*$ at railroad "o mile s\? ( "h4 ,tail ( our second battalion at ,,p>ksburg /eel bridge #g-bj a4 m4 ,battalion 0 m>*+ s\?4 ,,m>t9',s ,,creek un=dable at any po9t betwe5 ,,smi?',s ,,corn]s & ,,gre5sburg4 ,w move s\!a/ f "h along creek b$ 9 ord] to complete mission40 ,on acc\nt ( lack ( space1 p>agraph+ is impossible3 b if ?is sequ5ce is foll[$ ! ?\ght is easily ga9$4 ,if "s "o ( our own troops tells u conc]n+ ! enemy1 ?is in=mation %\ld come betwe5 #a & #b1 & %\ld be def9itely %[n to be he>say & n our own obs]vation4 ,( c\rse1 all ( ! p>ts1 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d1 d n always occur4 ,! ord] is nev]!less foll[$4 ,,! ,,end+ consi/s ( ,,! ,,signature :i*1 9 turn1 consi/s ( ! s5d]'s surname & 8 rank1 ?us1 ,,flet*]1 ,,sgt4 ,! outl9e ( ! :ole message con/ruction1 !n1 w\ld be z foll[s3-- #a4 ,"n ( s5d+ deta*m5t4 #b4 ,location ( s5d+ deta*m5t 7place74 ,,! ,,head+ #c4 ,! ,date4 #d4 ,! ,h\r ( ,issue4 #e4 ,! ,numb] ( ! ,message4 #a4 ,enemy4 #a4 ,to :om s5t4 #b4 ,y\r own troops4 ,,! ,,body #b4 ,! body prop]4 #c4 ,t]ra94 #d4 ,y\r plan4 ,,! ,,end+--,,! ,,signature #a4 ,surname4 #b4 ,rank4 ,! message we h compos$1 :5 assembl$1 w\ld appe> z foll[s3 ,combat ,patrol1 #cah? ,infantry1 ,cross ,roads #ejj yds4 s\? ( ,,cl9ton ,,s*ool ,,h\se4 ,no4 #c4 #i ,jan4 #ah4 #i-de a4 m4 ,to ,comm&+ ,(fic] ,advance ,gu>d1 #ga/ ,brigade3 ,squadron ( enemy's ,cavalry encamp$ 9 mead[ #fjj y>ds s\!a/ ( "h4 ,our (fic]'s patrol1 :i* we met at ,,zion ,,*ur* at #h-aj a4 m41 report$ two regim5ts enemy's infantry intr5*$ at railroad "o mile s\? ( "h4 ,tail ( our second battalion at ,,p>ksburg /eel bridge #g-bj a4 m4 ,battalion 0 m>*+ s\?4 ,,m>t9',s ,,creek un=dable at any po9t betwe5 ,,smi?',s ,,corn]s & ,,gre5sburg4 ,w move s\!a/ f "h along creek b$ 9 ord] to complete mission4 ,,flet*]1 ,,sgt4 7,see sket* rev]se side47 ,caution4--,rememb] t 8y\r own troops0 means fri5dly support+ troops & n ! troops ( :i* y are 9 imm$iate comm&4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,problems ,,9 ,,! ,,composition ,,( ,,! ,,field ,,message 8,an intr9sically good tactical ex]cise10 says ,griep5k]l1#b 8loses by faulty composition & c>eless or illegible h&writ+4444 ,a rambl+ mode ( expression1 a long-w9d$1 elaborate /yle1 is unmilit>y4 ,!re=e1 te/ y\r ord] to see :e!r y _c cross out "s sup]flu\s ^w1 or :e!r y _c ?9k ( "s %ort] & m suitable mode ( expression2 grudge e ^w40 ,b he goes on to say 9 ano!r place t cle>ness takes prec$5ce ov] brevity2 8!re=e1 r use a long expression :]e a %ort] "o might be misund]/ood4 ,brevity mu/ nev] lead to sup]ficiality40 ,griep5k]l 0 speak+ ( ord]s4 ,yet our ,field ,s]vice ,regulations /ate t 8mo/ ( ! rules adopt$ to secure cle>ness 9 ord]s apply equally to messages40 ,9 ! foll[+ problems :i* are design$ = practice 9 fram+ field messages1 we %\ld adh]e n only to ,griep5k]l's advice1 b also to ! h9ts1 =ms1 & cautions ( ,*apt]s ,i & ,,ii4 ,rememb] t ea* "t a faulty =m or expression is us$1 "s comm&+ (fic] is halt$ or h9d]$1 ret>d$ or confus$4 ,! highe/ premium %\ld be plac$ ^u correct =m & expression4 ,) ! selection ( mat]ial f ! purposely mislead+ & sometimes ill-/at$ problems bel[1 y may1 h[ev]1 h difficulty4 ,c]ta9ly all ( ! long n>rative1 (t5 9 soldi] j>gon1 _c be plac$ 9 ! message4 ,"s facts mu/ be elim9at$ z uness5tial4 ,:at y %\ld let y\r comm&+ (fic] "k c be det]m9$ sometimes only by te*nical exp]i5ce4 ,h[ev]1 ,major ,g5]al ,morrison's#c caution along ?is l9e %\ld be repeat$ "h = y\r help3 8,we all recognize ! fact t1 z a rule1 ! soon] in=mation rea*es headqu>t]s1 ! m valuable x is4 ,b ?is applies only to in=mation :i* really has value4 ,if y are 9 d\bt z to :e!r or n in=mation w\ld be valuable1 give headqu>t]s ! b5efit ( ! d\bt & s5d x 940 ,s y see t if y are n q decid$ ab\t /at+ a detail1 x is bett] to give ! in=mation ?an to )hold x4 ,!re=e1 exclude only ^? items :i* w\ld on ! gr\nd ( common s5se be po9tless4 ,9 extract+ & writ+ y\r messages f ! problems giv51 x w be assum$ t y d n "k :e!r or n ! recipi5t is provid$ ) a map simil> to y\r own4 ,x may be tak5 = grant$1 h[ev]1 t he is acqua9t$ ) ! names :i* appe> on y\r map4 ,x may also be assum$ t y h drawn a sket* on ! rev]se side ( y\r message %eet4 ,9 read+ y\r map ! signs & abbreviations1 expla9$ 9 ,app5dix #d1 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 w aid y4 ,a scale ( y>ds is at ! bottom 7! s\?7 ( y\r map4 ,by ! use ( a slip ( pap]1 di/ances 9 y>ds may be measur$ (f f place to place4 ,:]ev] x is /at$ 9 ^! problems t a p]son writes a message1 ! /ud5t %\ld con/ruct t same message4 ,9 s do+3 7#a7 ,assemble y\r in=mation 9 prop] sequ5ce1 7#b7 ,give x prop] & unmi/akable expression1 & 7#c7 ,inspect x ?or\ghly 9 ord] to be positive t y h giv5 x prop] sequ5ce1 & prop] & unmi/akable expression4 ,hold y\rself /rictly acc\ntable = e expression :i* c\ld be put into bett] =m4 ,caution4--,! h\r 9 ! head+ ( message is ! "t ( signature4 ,,problems #a4 ,on ,janu>y #bg1 #aibf1 y are ,corporal ,peck 9 *>ge ( a reconnoit]+ patrol f ! advance gu>d ( ! ?ird battalion ( ! #agg? regim5t ( ,infantry4 ,y are proce$+ along ! road ea/ to ,hunt]/[n f #edi 7,d1 #e & #f74 ,y arrive at ! ea/ edge ( ,j4 ,bell's or*>d :5 y see sev]al m5 at ! z]o 9 #fjb4 ,) ! aid ( y\r field glasses y make out f\r field pieces & limb]s to be turn+ to ! nor? (f ! road j opposite to1 & s\? (1 ! m54 ,! vehicles soon disappe> beh9d ! knoll ( #fjb4 ,y c see t ! m5 are we>+ ! enemy's uni=m4 ,aft] five m9utes ( obs]vation1 ! m5 g out ( sight on ! f> side ( ! hill1 & no?+ fur!r happ5s4 ,aft] y h writt5 y\r message at half pa/ f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 y travel "u cov] ( ! creek & fields 9 ! g5]al direction ( ,h5d]son ,meet+ ,h\se1 9 ! hope ( f9d+ out m ab\t ! =ce 9 ! vic9ity ( #fjb4 #b4 ,on ,augu/ #bg1 #aibj1 y are ,s]geant ,f5ton ( a left flank patrol s5t out f ! second battalion 7#bg? ,infantry7 :i* is m>*+ nor?1 z an advance gu>d to its regim5t1 t[>d #edf f ,hunt]/[n4 ,z y come out into ! op5 to ! we/ ( ! ,j4 ,bell f>m h\se1 y receive a volley f ab\t tw5ty rifles f ! woods at ! nor?4 ,two ( y\r m5 are kill$4 ,) ! rema9d] ( y\r m5 y retire ha/ily "u cov] ( ! ,bell or*>d to ! /ream b$ :i* y foll[ to ! nor? until half way betwe5 ! ,bell h\se & ! 8,r0 9 ,beav]dam4 ,!re y g ?r\gh ! fields to ! we/ until y get a glimpse ( ! high gr\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( #egd4 ,y c make out ?r\gh ! corn-r[s infantrym5 deploy$ & ly+ d[n fac+ y4 ,!y ext5d along ! f5ce = fifty y>ds on ea* side ( ! dirt road4 ,y c see a field piece half way betwe5 ! ends ( ! f5ce & at ! edge ( ! woods4 ,y g back to :]e y left ! /ream & write y\r message4 ,y h& x to "o ( y\r m5 at #bj m9utes pa/ two 9 ! aft]noon = deliv]y4 ,y !n crawl =w>d leav+ y\r m5 "u cov] 9 ! /ream1 & rema9 9 obs]vation 9 ! corn-field4 #c4 ,y are #a/ ,s]geant ,james 9 *>ge ( a combat patrol f ! #ch? ,infantry :i* is on outpo/ duty = ! #h? ,division at ,granite ,hill 7#e1 bottom74 ,9 pass+ ! h\se at #e-;,e ! f>m] tells y t ye/]day at noon he saw ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty saddle-horses 9 a lot ne> ! cross-roads 9 ,hunt]/[n4 ,on que/ion+ him fur!r he tells y t !re 7 q a lot ( soldi]s ab\t1 hav+ a good "t1 & we>+ ! enemy's uni=m4 ,y keep on y\r c\rse4 ,:5 y arrive at ! or*>d ne> #fjc x is aft] nightfall4 ,y he> voices & laugh+ at ! nor!rn edge ( ! or*>d j s\? ( ! 8#f0 9 #fjc4 ,y sneak up until y c make out f\r ( ! enemy's infantrym5 sitt+ ab\t a little fire4 ,y *>ge ) bayonets fix$1 kill ?ree & capture "o4 ,he is half drunk on apple-jack & talks freely4 ,he says 8 brigade is 9 bad %ape1 has m>*$ f\r days & nights )\t /opp+1 has a big outpo/ at ,woodside ,s*ool ,h\se1 & t he himself is ) a bun* ( ! advance cavalry 9 ! t[n4 ,at a qu>t] ( t5 at night y h& y\r message to a memb] ( y\r patrol = deliv]y4 ,y !n proce$ along ! road t[>d #edi1 look+ = m in=mation4 ,y arrive !re1 hav+ se5 no?+ ( value1 ! next day at #g a4 m41 ,july #ah1 #aidj4 #d4 ,on ,june #ba1 #aibj1 y are a fir/ lieut5ant 9 *>ge ( an (fic]'s patrol f ! #hj? ,cavalry :i* is op]at+ z ,indep5d5t ,cavalry = ! #aij? ,division4 ,x is six o'clock 9 ! ev5+ :5 z y are rid+ along ! road f ,texas to ,bigl]ville1 ?ree ( ! enemy jump out ^u y4 ,9 ! /ruggle :i* ensues ! ?ree are ov]p[]$ & sabr$ by y\r sup]ior =ce4 ,y se>* ! dead m51 b f9d no?+ ^u !m b ornam5ts indicat+ !y belong to ! #bg? ,cavalry4 ,y dism\nt1 tie y\r horses 9 ! or*>d ne> ! ^w ,/9]1 & proce$ ) two ( y\r m5 along ! railroad track t[>d ,bigl]ville4 ,ne> #fbf y look t[>d ! t[n to f9d ! space betwe5 y & x well dott$ ) t5ts4 ,plac+ y\r m5 well "u cov] 9 ! woods1 y lie d[n 9 ! culv]t at #fbf4 ,be=e taps is bl[n 9 ! enemy's camp1 f conv]sations :i* h gone on 9 y\r vic9ity1 y h le>n$ t a regim5t ( cavalry has be5 encamp$ !re = two days1 t no o!r =ce is ab\t1 & t ! regim5t w move out at five ! next morn+1 m>*+ t[>d ,gold5ville4 ,y write y\r message at #i3ae p4 m4 ,aft] x is s5t1 y take up y\r position aga9 9 ! culv]t4 #e4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,febru>y1 #aidj1 a visit+ patrol 9 *>ge ( ,corporal ,eaton s5t out f #b;d ,battalion1 :i* is act+ z outpo/ = ! #ha/ ,infantry1 is on its way to a picket ( fri5dly troops4 ,its r\te lies f ,boyd ,s*ool ,h\se1 ,e-#h t[>d ,mc,elheny4 ,z x approa*es ! bridge ne> ! #d 9 ! #dhj cont\r1 x he>s foot/eps ( m5 hurry+ into ! timb] to ! ea/4 ,! suspicions ( ! patrol be+ ar\s$1 x looks ab\t & discov]s loose e>? scatt]$ ov] ! sn[ at ! abutm5ts ( ! bridge2 ^u fur!r inve/igation x f9ds fuses lead+ f ! c5t] ( ! pile ( fre% e>?4 ,! message is f9i%$ on ! spot at exactly midnight4 ,aft] ! mess5g] has dep>t$ ! corporal & "o man rema9 on gu>d ov] ! m9es ^: fuses 7 cut be=e ! mess5g] left4 #f4 ,y are ,corporal ,pet]s s5t out ) a visit+ patrol f ,company ,a1 #b;d ,battalion ( y\r regim5t4 ,y\r company is ,support numb] #b ( ! outpo/ at ! 8,k0 9 ,oak ,ridge1 ,e-#h4 ,z y approa* ,boyd ,s*ool ,h\se1 y are n *all5g$ z y expect4 ,y hurry on to :]e ! s5try ( ! picket %\ld be po/$ at ! cross-roads1 only to f9d him dead ( a bayonet ?ru/4 ,y g to ! s\? side ( ! s*ool h\se & !re f9d ! rema9d] ( ! picket 9 _! blankets 9 ! same condition4 ,y put y\r h& on "o ( ! m5 & f9d t 8 body is /ill w>m4 ,at fifte5 m9utes to ?ree1 ,septemb] #cj1 #aicb1 y complete y\r message at ! spot :]e y f\nd mo/ ( ! picket dead4 ,y !n take y\r rema9+ man ) y & toge!r p]=m d\ble s5try duty at ! cross-roads4 #g4 ,on ,july #d1 #aibe1 y are ,s]geant ,black 9 *>ge ( an h>ass+ patrol s5t out f ! #fh? regim5t ( ,infantry :i* is act+ z outpo/ = ! #ab? ,division4 ,at a qu>t] to twelve at night1 y h j fir$ two volleys f ,boyd ,s*ool ,h\se 9 ! direction ( ,oak ,ridge1 & are proce$+ t[>d ,c4 ,topp]'s to d ! same !re1 :51 z y cross ! railroad "o hundr$ y>ds s\? ( ! 8r0 9 ,topp]1 y /umble ^u a wagon :eel imb$d$ 9 ! e>?4 ,cauti\s inspection reveals f\r h[itz]s cam\flag$4 ,) ! aid ( kn[n measurem5ts ^u y\r h& y f9d t ! calibre ( ea* is #f in*es4 ,y f9i% a message at a qu>t] to "o & !n proce$ z y int5d$4 #h4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,augu/1 #aiai1 y are ,s]geant ,/u>t s5t out 9 *>ge ( a contact patrol f ! #ii? ,infantry act+ z outpo/ ( ! #cb;d ,brigade4 ,aft] h>d "w dur+ :i* y are ne>ly captur$ at ! cemet]y ne> ,h5d]son ,meet+ ,h\se1 y arrive ) y\r patrol1 at t5 m9utes to n9e 9 ! ev5+1 at #fja j we/ ( ,hunt]/[n4 ,a regim5t ( ! enemy's infantry has be5 defeat$ by y\r troops dur+ ! day & x is y\r duty to f9d out :at y c ab\t ! enemy's :]eab\ts & int5tions4 ,z y look across to ! we/ y see lights 9 ! fields betwe5 ,r4 ,smi?'s f>m h\se & ,j4 ,bell's4 ,y make y\r way c>efully d[n ! hill to ! f>m h\se at ,d-#f4 ,z y lie 9 ! edge ( ! woods ne>e/ ! h\se y c\nt fifte5 r[s ( t5ts by ! gl[ f ! fires4 ,y see no animals or picket l9es4 ,! fires die d[n %ortly & ! talk+ ceases4 ,y take turns on wat* ) ! s5ior man ( y\r patrol4 ,at a qu>t] to "o :ile y are on wat*1 fires beg9 to spr+ up at ! ends ( ! company /reets4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds a "y soldi] comes to ! ne>by f>m h\se to get wat]4 ,he grumbles l\dly t he mu/ get up 9 ! middle ( ! night & compla9s t ! fir/ s]geant has ord]$ ! company to be 9 ranks at "o fifty4 ,y get y\r message (f at five m9utes aft] "o & rema9 9 obs]vation ( ! camp4 #i4 7,two messages47 ,on ,may #ca1 #aidj1 y are ,corporal ,deck] 9 *>ge ( a reconnoit]+ patrol f ! #ga/ ,regim5t ( ,cavalry act+ z ,advance ,cavalry to ! #ah? ,division4 ,y are proce$+ t[>d ,heidl]sburg f ,fri5ds' ,grove ,s*ool ,h\se1 & y arrive at #e-;,a4 ,:51 proce$+ to ! ea/1 y are half way ?r\gh ! woods1 y he> ho(-beats on ! road to ! nor?4 ,hav+ proce$$ due ea/1 y n[ arrive at ! edge ( ! woods4 ,!re y see sev]al m\nt$ m5 ( ! enemy halt$ ne> ! road =k #ede1 b ! trees 9 ! rav9e make x difficult = y to see !m cle>ly4 ,ne> ! ma9 cross-roads ( ! t[n y see a hundr$ or m dism\nt$ m5 hold+ _! horses4 ,aft] wat*+ !m = a few mom5ts y realize t ! horses are be+ wat]$4 ,at five m9utes to five y />t to write y\r message :]e y are4 ,aft] s5d+ x (f y rema9 to see :at is go+ to happ5 fur!r4 ,at t5 m9utes pa/ five1 ! m\nt$ m5 ride we/ ) an advance gu>d ( ab\t a troop4 ,y\r patrol 0 well conceal$ s t x 0 able to "t ! ma9 body z x trott$ pa/ ! road =k #egh 9 column ( twos4 ,x took two m9utes & a half to pass4 ,! gr\p ne> #ede t appe>$ to be a patrol has disappe>$4 ,:ile ! l>g] body 0 pass+ road =k #egh y he>d fir+ ab\t a mile to ! s\? by less ?an a doz5 rifles4 ,y beg9 to s5d a message at a qu>t] aft] five & />t to return to y\r comm&4 7#ajj cavalrym5 9 column ( twos w trot pa/ a giv5 po9t 9 "o m9ute47 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,m ,,problems ,,on ,,! ,,composition ,,( ,,! ,,field ,,message #a4 7,?ree messages47 ,on ,july #ah1 #aicj1 y are ,corporal ,fl9t 9 *>ge ( a reconnoit]+ patrol s5t out f ! #fa/ ,infantry :i* is act+ z ,re> ,gu>d to ! #ai? ,brigade1 & :i* is )draw+ f ,gold5ville ?r\gh ,table ,rock4 ,z y proce$ s\? along ! /ream :i* fl[s pa/ ,h]man1 #ejj yds4 s\? ( ,c-#g1 y /umble ^u "o ( y\r own regim5t s]i\sly w\nd$ & ly+ at ! 8,v0 9 ,v>ney1 9 ! op5 field4 ,he tells y t a regim5t ( ,cavalry ( ! enemy pass$ by ! ne>e/ f>m h\se go+ nor!a/ on ! dirt road :5 ! sun 0 ov]head4 ,y ask ! p ( ! f>m h\se1 :o are manife/ly 9 sympa?y ) ! enemy1 :at !y "k ab\t ! occurr5ce1 b !y refuse to answ]4 ,on ! road are _m fre% ho(-m>ks4 ,y beg9 to write y\r message at ! ,v>ney f>m h\se at half pa/ ?ree 9 ! aft]noon4 ,:5 y h f9i%$ y proce$ s\?we/ along ! same road & along ! creek b$ t[>d ! race-track4 ,at ! bottom "p ( ! 8,s0 9 ,/ock ,f>m1 y leave y\r m5 9 ! field "u cov] & g s\? along ! edge ( ! ma9 road t[>d ,boyd ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,y see sev]al patrols ( ! enemy b y press on4 ,y h n gone f>1 h[ev]1 be=e y spy a l[ heavy cl\d ( du/ ahead :i* seems to be mov+ t[>d y4 ,at ! ,boyd ,s*ool ,h\se ,cross ,roads x turns we/ at tw5ty-five m9utes to six4 ,x takes ! column1 :i* y n[ make out to be infantry 9 column ( squads1 ?ree m9utes & =ty seconds to pass ! cross-roads 7#age ,infantry 9 column ( squads c pass a giv5 po9t 9 "o m9ute74 ,s9ce ! patrols ( ! enemy are becom+ r ?ick1 y decide to make y\r way back to ! 8,k0 9 ,/ock ,f>m4 ,!re y f9i% writ+ ano!r message at a qu>t] aft] sev54 ,y h sc>cely s5t x (f :5 !re is a noise among ! corn-/alks ne> y4 ,y lie l[ & h y\r m51 :om y h n[ collect$ ab\t y1 d ! same4 ,a fri5dly uni=m appe>s ?r\gh "o ( ! corn-r[s2 x is j light en\gh = y to make x out4 ,y give a l[ :i/le & signal at :i* ! we>] ( ! uni=m approa*es4 ,he turns out to be ,s]geant ,black ( y\r regim5t :o is lead+ a combat patrol4 ,he tells y t he c\nt$ tw5ty pass5g] coa*es hit*$ toge!r on ! railroad to ! s\?we/4 ,! eng9e 0 po9t$ t[>d ! nor? & opposite ! 8r0 9 ,c4 ,topp] at f\r o'clock4 ,! enemy's soldi]s 7 cr[d+ ar\nd try+ to hurry into ! coa*es4 ,aft] ! ,s]geant leaves y1 y try to make y\r way back to y\r company4 ,at a qu>t] to twelve y h arriv$ "u cov] ( ! fields & woods ne> ! road-=k #fdf j s\? ( ,hamilton :5 y he> ! rumble ( :eels close beh9d y to ! s\?4 ,"o ( y\r m5 c\nt$ twelve pieces ( light artill]y :i* turn$ (f ! road & unlimb]$ j s\? ( #ffd4 ,y beg9 to write ano!r message at ! 8n0 9 ,hamilton at #e m9utes aft] twelve4 #b4 ,on ,septemb] #a1 #aibg1 y are a fir/ lieut5ant ( ,infantry 9 *>ge ( an exp$ition>y patrol f ! #bf? ,infantry1 :i* is act+ z outpo/ to ! #ah? ,division4 ,! outpo/ is cov]+ ! g5]al sector f ,/9]1 #a1jjj y>ds nor? ( ,texas1 to ,b5d]'s ,*ur*1 ,b-#g4 ,! ,division is encamp$ betwe5 ,bigl]ville & ,gu]nsey4 ,y\r patrol leaves ! out]mo/ picket ne> ,table ,rock at ?ree o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,its mission is to capture a /rong (fic]'s patrol ( ! enemy :i* is suppos$ to be proce$+ nor? along ! railroad f ,hamilton4 ,y conceal y\rself & y\r patrol 9 ! %rubb]y ne> ! railroad bridge s\? ( ,table ,rock ,/ation4 ,at five m9utes aft] f\r y he> foot/eps & subdu$ talk+ to ! s\?4 ,y all[ ! fir/ two m5 to pass y1 & :5 ! ma9 body ( ! patrol is ne> ! bridge y spr+ out ^u !m ) bayonets4 ,! mle la/s = ab\t ?ree m9utes4 ,f\r m5 f9ally survive--! lead] ( _! patrol1 two ( y\r m51 & y\rself4 ,because ( ! w\nd ( ! =eign (fic]1 :om y make out by 8 insignia to be a /aff (fic] ( _! #acb;d ,regim5t ( ,eng9e]s & a ,capta91 y decide t y w be unable to risk br++ 9 y\r prison] at once4 ,y "q him z to :at he has be5 do+ & he tells y t he has be5 all day on ! road & t 8 regim5t has m>*$ = ?ree days f ! s\? )\t /opp+ to pit* camp4 ,he w answ] no o!r que/ions4 ,y b9d & gag him1 aft] y h tak5 him into ! field to ! bottom ( ! 8,s0 9 ,table ,rock ,/ation4 ,!re y />t to write y\r message twelve m9utes aft] ! end ( ! fight4 ,aft] y h s5t (f ! communication y & ! "o rema9+ man keep gu>d ov] y\r prison]4 #c4 7,six messages47 ,on ,octob] #bi1 #aide1 y are ,s]geant ,murray s5t out 9 *>ge ( a /rong reconnoit]+ patrol f ! #hb;d ,infantry :i* is act+ z ,advance ,gu>d to ! #cd? ,brigade4 ,y s5d a message f ,mt4 ,olivet ,s*ool ,h\se 7#g-top7 t ! c\ntry is cle> ( ! enemy f !re back to ,c5t] ,mills f :i* y h come4 ,y f9i% y\r message at half pa/ "o 9 ! aft]noon4 ,at t5 m9utes aft] two1 f ! ma9 cross-roads ( ,gu]nsey1 y />t ano!r message 9 :i* y let y\r ,comm&+ ,(fic] "k t y h se5 no?+ ( ! enemy1 & t ! roads h be5 patroll$ to a di/ance ( eight hundr$ y>ds on ea* side4 ,y keep on go+ s\? along ! railroad4 ,z ! fir/ two m5 ( y\r patrol ent] ! railroad cut five hundr$ y>ds s\? ( ! ma9 cross-roads ( ,gu]nsey1 !y receive a volley f ! top & we/ side ( ! embankm5t4 ,!y back out :ile y ) ! rema9d] ( y\r patrol skirt ! top ( ! cut to ! we/4 ,?ree m5 run to ! we/ into ! fields & woods4 ,y\r fire does n rea* !m4 ,y cont9ue to sc\r ! c\ntry z f> z ! /ream4 ,at five m9utes to ?ree y beg9 to write a message f ! f>m h\se ne> ! s\!rn exit ( ! cut4 ,y !n proce$ s\? along ! railroad z be=e4 ,z y approa* ,bigl]ville y try to see ?r\gh y\r field glasses any signs ( ! enemy's m5 or wagons :i* might be 9 ! t[n4 ,see+ none1 y g c>efully & completely ar\nd ! village back to y\r />t+ po9t4 ,two ( y\r m5 !n ent] ! ma9 /reet f ! ea/4 ,aft] inve/igat+ ! fir/ eight or t5 h\ses1 !y signal y to approa*4 ,y !n ) y\r patrol g along e /reet ( ! t[n1 g into ! ma9 /ores & h\ses1 b y c f9d no trace ( ! enemy4 ,at #bj m9utes to five y f9i% y\r message at ! cross-roads five hundr$ y>ds s\?we/ ( ! 8,b0 9 ,bigl]ville4 ,y !n take ! ma9 ,c>lisle road & proce$ s\? on x4 ,z y g y inspect all bridges1 railroad tracks1 /reams1 & gr\nd 9 g5]al = eight hundr$ y>ds on ei!r side ( ! road1 b f9d no enemy4 ,at tw5ty-five m9utes to six y beg9 y\r message at ! ,/9] ,h\se4 ,be=e y n[ g s\?1 y inve/igate = eight hundr$ y>ds ! roads lead+ to ! ea/ & we/ f ! ma9 cross-roads s\? ( ,/9]4 ,aft] y\r m5 return y proce$ along ! side ( ! road s\? t[>d ! /ream4 ,z y come up to ! bridge1 al?\gh x is gett+ dusk y see a s5t9el on ! bridge1 & y collect y\r m5 9 "s bu%es ne> ! nor? abutm5t4 ,y tell !m t :5 y give ! ^w !y are to *>ge ) y across ! bridge at a run ) bayonets fix$4 ,!re is no s5try at ! nor? end ( ! bridge1 & ! "o at ! s\? end seems to be lazily look+ into ! field4 ,y give ! signal & y\r patrol leaps out1 b 9 ! middle ( ! bridge y\r :ole p>ty is caught by fire f ma*9e guns locat$ ne> ! wood5 f5ce half way betwe5 ! ^w ,texas & ! bridge4 ,all b two ( y\r m5 fall4 ,y are hit 9 ! leg1 b are dragg$ back (f ! bridge to a copse at ! edge ( ! /ream4 ,wait+ = fur!r developm5ts1 b he>+ no?+ m ( ! enemy except laught] at ! o!r end ( ! bridge1 y h y\r m5 c>ry y fur!r ea/w>d along ! /ream to a place ( comp>ative safety 9 ! woods4 ,y />t writ+ y\r message tw5ty y>ds s\? ( ! railroad cross+ ea/ ( ,/9] at sev5 o'clock4 ,y f9d t y w be unable to travel = "s "t4 ,aft] s5d+ ! message1 y rema9 ) "o man :]e y are1 bo? ( y conceal+ y\rselves z well z possible4 ,,messages ,,f ,,comm&]s #d4 ,on ,july #bb1 #aicb1 y are ,colonel ,alg]non ,m4 ,potts1 comm&+ ! #dh? ,infantry :i* is act+ z ,advance ,gu>d = ! #bj? ,division4 ,y h at a qu>t] to "o j pu%$ two battalions ( ! enemy's infantry t[>d ,woodside ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,y\r adjutant c\nts on ! gr\nd ov] :i* !y h fl$ =ty-eight ( _! dead & w\nd$4 ,:5 y h tak5 up & reorganiz$ y\r l9e f ,pla9view ?r\gh ! cross-roads at #fff to1 & includ+1 ! f>m h\se "o mile & a qu>t] directly ea/ ( ,a4 ,logan1 ,lieut5ant ,%elley1 adjutant ( ! fir/ battalion1 reports to y t ,major ,jones' comm& has captur$ tw5ty-two prison]s4 ,:ile y are talk+1 sudd5ly a heavy fire ( artill]y comes f some:]e 9 ! vic9ity ( #fjc we/ ( ,hunt]/[n4 ,at ! same "t a message rea*es y f ,s]geant ,/e>ns1 :o has be5 out ) a combat patrol to ! s\?1 t a regim5t ( ! enemy's cavalry 0 betwe5 ,table ,rock & ,h]man at half pa/ two1 & t a civilian _h telephon$ t an infantry regim5t ( ! enemy 0 se5 m>*+ we/ ?r\gh ,hunt]/[n at tw5ty m9utes to twelve t morn+4 ,y h no re5=cem5ts at h&1 b s5d y\r res]ve ( "o battalion to prolong ! "r ( y\r l9e to ! bridge at ,fidl]1 ,b-#g4 ,y\r artill]y seems to be sup]ior to ! enemy's & is hold+ d[n 8 fire :i* is gr[+ heavi]4 ,! adjutants ( ! #b;d & #c;d battalions report t _! comm&s h lo/ #ab dead1 #ag w\nd$1 & #bd miss+ dur+ ! previ\s engagem5t4 ,y feel t y w sc>cely be able to hold out m ?an an h\r "u ! pres5t circum/ances1 b decide to make /r5u\s ef=ts to d m4 ,y />t to write y\r message to ! ,division ,comm&] at f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 #e4 ,y are ,major ,m>k ,montclair 9 comm& ( ! battalion :i* con/itut$ ! res]ves 9 ! prec$+ problem4 ,:5 y arrive 9 y\r designat$ position at a qu>t] to five y are imm$iately *>g$ by two troops ( cavalry :i* y drive (f to ! s\? by sup]ior fire4 ,y s5d 9 pursuit "o company & a ma*9e gun4 ,by ! numb] ( loose horses y see gallop+ ab\t & by ! ha/e ) :i* ! troop]s took to _! heels1 y inf] t ! casualties mu/ h be5 l>ge4 ,y\r adjutant arrives at ?is "t report+ t sixte5 prison]s 9 s\nd condition h be5 tak51 t twelve dead & tw5ty-two w\nd$ ( ! enemy h be5 c\nt$1 & t y\r own losses are #c miss+1 #d dead1 & #h w\nd$4 ,j be=e y />t to write y\r message at a qu>t] to six1 ^w rea*es y f ,a ,company :i* is /ill pursu+ ! enemy1 t !y h captur$ #ah prison]s & h kill$ & w\nd$ twelve4 ,y f9i% y\r message at five m9utes to six1 & !n g ov] y\r l9es 9 ord] to make !m /rong] = def5se4 #f4 ,on ,june #ab1 #aibe1 y are ,capta9 ,james ,a4 ,m>ion 9 comm& ( ,company ,i1 #bjc;d ,infantry4 ,y\r company1 :i* con/itutes a deta*$ po/ f y\r regim5t act+ z outpo/ at ,granite ,hill1 is at #fja1 five hundr$ y>ds we/ ( ,hunt]/[n ,cross-roads4 ,at tw5ty-five m9utes to five 9 ! morn+ y are *>g$ by a squadron ( cavalry f ! ,j4 ,bell f>m4 ,!y /rike y f ! front1 & y are hold+ !m by y\r fire :5 a troop hits y\r "r flank rid+ at a full gallop out ( ! woods f ! direction ( ! ,h5d]son ,meet+ ,h\se4 ,y are 9 a v awkw>d position & are prep>$ to d or die1 :51 )\t w>n+ ( any k9d1 a squadron ( y\r own #bi? ,cavalry :i* has be5 on a raid+ exp$ition 9 ! direction ( ,new ,ox=d1 deploys at a gallop f ,hunt]/[n4 ,! enemy1 :o is n[ 9 turn /ruck 9 flank1 is 9 s]i\s /raits4 ,he breaks & runs 9 ! direction ( ,table ,rock1 ! fri5dly squadron pursu+4 ,y c\nt #de dead & #fb w\nd$ ( ! enemy4 ,( y\r own troops #ab infantrym5 are miss+1 #c cavalrym5 & #i infantrym5 dead1 & #e cavalrym5 & #ah infantrym5 w\nd$4 ,y />t to write y\r message at tw5ty m9utes to six4 ,y /raight5 out y\r =m] position & s5d /rong connect+ & reconnoit]+ patrols to nor? & we/4 #g4 ,on ,may #ac1 #aibb1 y are ,major ,g]ald ,p5delton ( ! #a/ ,battalion1 #dc;d ,infantry4 ,y h be5 ord]$ by y\r regim5tal comm&] to e/abli% by a l9e ( y\r own troops a def5sive position fac+ ea/ f ! #d 7exclusive7 9 #ffd ea/ ( ,hamilton1 ,d-#h1 to ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! or*>d 7inclusive71 five hundr$ y>ds nor?we/ ( ,/ock ,f>m4 ,at five m9utes to t5 at night y h =m$ y\r l9e z ord]$ & are beg9n+ to entr5*4 ,y are proce$+ ) y\r "w :5 a mess5g] f ,b ,company on ! left flank tells y t ,g ,company ( ! #b;d ,battalion has arriv$ at ! #d 9 #ffd1 & t at t5 m9utes to t5 ! "r flank ( t company 0 beg9n+ to dig4 ,sev5 m9utes lat] ano!r mess5g] f ,a ,company arrives ) simil> in=mation conc]n+ ,company ,e1 #b;d ,battalion1 #dg? ,infantry2 he /ates t ! left flank ( t company at ?irte5 m9utes to t5 />t$ to dig tw5ty y>ds s\? ( ! corn] ( ! or*>d4 ,y g ov] y\r l9es correct+ positions "h & !re & />t to s5d a message at tw5ty-five m9utes to elev54 ,! ord] ( y\r int]ior companies is1 left to "r1 ,c1 ,d4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,v]bal ,,field ,,message ,,obs]vation--,,att5tion--,,exposition ,!re are occasions :5 x becomes prop] n to write ! field message1 b to speak x4 ,if ! enemy is /rong & active1 s t a be>] ( in=mation runs grave risk ( capture1 ! message is saf] z a v]bal "o4 ,9 ! case ( ! writt5 "o1 bo? message & mess5g] are lo/2 9 ! case ( ! v]bal "o1 only ! mess5g]4 ,!re=e1 x is be/ to entru/ ! in=mation to ! c>e ( ! mess5g]'s m9d4 ,! facts deposit$ !re %\ld rema9 9 read9ess = ! fir/ opportunity ( deliv]y4 ,!re are times1 too1 :5 no *ance is (f]$ to write a message on acc\nt ( ! pressure ( ! enemy4 ,! att5tion ( a lead] may be s occupi$ ) w>d+ (f1 or mov+ away f1 /rong ho/ile bodies1 t "w ) p5cil & pap] becomes an impossibility4 ,! =m ( ! writt5 field message mu/ be abbreviat$4 ,! gi/ ( ! ,head+ & ,end+ mu/ be /at$ by ! mess5g] ^u 8 arrival at 8 de/9ation2 & ! ,body mu/ be contract$ into "o or two s5t5ces dep5d+ ^u ! accuracy & intellig5ce ( ! mess5g]4 ,:]e (fic]s are mess5g]s ! message may be l5g!n$4 ,= our purpose & practice we mu/ attempt ! %ort] =m4 ,! usual proc$ure 9 s5d+ (f a v]bal message may be repres5t$ by ! foll[+ dialogue3 ,patrol ,lead] 7or ,comm&]73 8,sw9ton1 g back at once to ! ,comm&+ ,(fic] ( our ,outpo/ & say1-- ,twelve enemy's cavalry m>*+ nor? on ,c>lisle ,road at ,hamilton #aa3de a4 m4 ,repeat40 ,sw9ton3 8,i am go+ back to ! ,comm&+ ,(fic] ( our ,outpo/ & say1-- ,twelve ( enemy m>*+ nor? on ,c>lisle ,road at #aa3de a4 m40 ,p4 ,l43 8,no1 ,sw9ton1 twelve enemy's cavalry m>*+ nor? on ,c>lisle ,road at ,hamilton #aa3de a4 m4 ,repeat aga940 ,sw9ton3 8,i am to g back "r away & say to ,comm&+ ,(fic]1-- ,twelve enemy's cavalry m>*+ nor? on ,c>lisle ,road at ,hamilton #aa3de a4 m4 ,repeat40 ,p4 ,l43 8,n q2 y are to g back to ,comm&+ ,(fic] ( ,outpo/4 ,repeat aga940 ,sw9ton3 8,i am to g back & say to ,comm&+ ,(fic] ( ! ,outpo/1-- ,twelve enemy's cavalry m>*+ nor? on ,c>lisle ,road at ,hamilton at #aa3de a4 m40 ,p4 ,l43 8,t's "r4 ,x is n[ #ab o'clock4 ,notice :]e we are locat$4 ,i am go+ to cont9ue on my mission t[>d ! s\?we/4 ,d y und]/&80 ,sw9ton3 8,yes1 sir40 ,:5 ,sw9ton arrives at headqu>t]s he ought ?us to be able to give to 8 comm&+ (fic] n only ! accurate ,body ( ! v]bal message1 b ! cont5ts ( ! ,head+ & ,end+ ( a simil> writt5 "o4 ,! above conv]sation is n exagg]at$4 ,x is n only :at does happ51 b :at %\ld happ54 ,x does happ5 because ! av]age ,am]ican has r>ely develop$ 8 p[]s ( att5tion to ?+s outside ( 8 int]e/4 ,x %\ld happ5 because e ^w 9 e good message is a vital ^w4 ,any omission or sub/itution is a loss4 ,,problems ,9 ea* ( ! foll[+ problems try to cond5se ! ess5tial facts1 )\t loss ( sub/ance or tru?1 if possible1 into "o s5t5ce4 ,! ,body only w be attempt$4 ,9 o!r words1 t "p ( ! dialogue :i* prec$$ ! la/ spee* ( ! ,patrol ,lead] w be imitat$4 ,x is presum$ t we are n[ conv]sant ) ! mat]ial ( ! ,head+ & ,end+4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 disp5se ) ^! p>ts ( ! message 9 ! v]bal ex]cise4 ,,caution4--,"u no circum/ances %\ld !re be any writ+ done 9 connection ) ! solution ( ! problems4 ,a violation ( ?is prohibition w de/roy ! value ( ! ex]cise4 #a4 ,y are alone 9 y\r a]oplane sc\t+ nor? f y\r ,division :i* is at ,granite ,hill4 ,:ile y are fly+ l[ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,b-,a1 y notice a mov+ cl\d ( du/ :i* produces a d>k spot on ! road lead+ s\? f ,gu]nsey4 ,! haze ext5ds f ! l[] edge ( ! 8,g0 9 ,gu]nsey indi/9ctly ?r\gh ! t[n4 ,y turn (f & fly ov] ,c5t] ,mills4 ,:5 y return ! head ( ! du/ cl\d has rea*$ ! fir/ road-=k s\? ( ,gu]nsey & ! tail ( x is at ! l[] edge ( ! 8,g40 ,y l& 9 twelve m9utes at ,granite ,hill4 ,x is "o o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,y are s cold t y walk ) difficulty4 ,y call a ,corporal ( ! ,signal ,corps to y & give him a v]bal message4 #b4 ,y are sitt+ on ! knoll at #fbd imm$iately s\? ( ! 8,/a40 9 ,granite ,hill ,/ation1 #e-;,e4 ,y see ab\t fifte5 horsem5 cross ! railroad tracks & ride up to ! cross-roads to ! ea/ ( y4 ,x is half pa/ t5 9 ! morn+ :5 y see !m split up into ?ree p>ties1 "o rid+ s\?we/1 "o nor!a/1 & "o s\!a/ on ! ?ree diff]5t roads 9 y\r vic9ity4 ,z ! p>ty on ! road runn+ s\!a/ comes opposite y1 !y dism\nt4 ,y c make !m out to be cavalrym5 ( ! enemy4 ,z !y />t 9 y\r re> to cross ! /ream & to come t[>d y1 y decide to s5d a v]bal message4 #c4 ,y are proce$+ f ! cross-roads s\?we/ ( ,pla9view 7,b-#e7 t[>d ,h]%ey ,mill 7,b-#f74 ,:5 y approa* ! mill race y notice a quantity ( smoke ris+2 :5 y come ne>] y see ! sm\ld]+ ru9s ( ! mill4 ,y g on to ! ,mill]'s h\se & !re p]ceive t ! bridge has buckl$ 9 ! middle & is ly+ on its side 9 ! wat]4 ,! ,mill] tells y t an a]oplane ( ! enemy w5t up & d[n ! ,conewago at six o'clock ! ev5+ be=e1 until x f9ally l&$ a bomb ^u ! bridge4 ,z x 0 circl+ to leave1 x let ano!r bomb drop ^u ! mill4 ,y g to ! ,mill]'s telephone & s5d a message4 #d4 ,y are ly+ on ! long knoll #eff1 five hundr$ y>ds s\? ( ,c-#f4 ,y are wat*+ at half pa/ two 9 ! aft]noon two infantrym5 ( ! enemy :o are walk+ along ! edge ( ! /ream to ! we/4 ,y h be5 int]e/$ 9 _! movem5ts ev] s9ce !y cross$ ! fir/ road to ! s\?we/ sev]al mom5ts ago4 ,:ile y are wat*+ !m1 y are fir$ ^u by :at y e/imate to be sixte5 rifles f ! woods to ! s\?4 ,y ha/5 nor? & give to "o ( y\r m5 a v]bal message on ! way4 #e4 ,y are proce$+ s\? along ! /ream at #g-;,e4 ,at tw5ty m9utes aft] eight 9 ! morn+ y approa* ! m d5sely wood$ section ( c\ntry ne> ! bridge4 ,y look t[>d ! cross-roads to ! we/ & spy 9 ! field "s ( ! enemy loaf+ & talk+ at ! lett] 8#h0 9 #dhh4 ,y see f\r /acks ( arms & are mak+ fur!r obs]vations1 :5 y he> a ru/le ( und]gr[? 9 ! woods4 ,eight m5 ru% out ^u y4 ,?ree ( y\r m5 are kill$4 ,y escape ) "o man4 ,z soon z y are able1 y give him a v]bal message1 & bo? ( y take diff]5t r\tes back to headqu>t]s4 #f4 ,y are reconnoit]+ s\? along ! railroad track f ,bigl]ville4 ,:5 y rea* ! sid+ at #fbf1 y notice t "p ( ! track exactly opposite 8,b10 bo? on ! sid+ & ma9 l9e1 is completely bl[n away4 ,y c\nt t5 ties burn+ at ! side ( ! road4 ,:ile y are mak+ an inv5tory ( ! situation1 y are fir$ ^u by a ma*9e gun m\nt$ on a flat c> ne> ! next bridge to ! s\?4 ,! c> app>5tly fill$ ) m5 seems to be approa*+4 ,y\r patrol scatt]s to ! fields4 ,y give "o man a v]bal message4 #g4 ,y h be5 s5t ) two m5 to f9d out :e!r ! ,conewago is =dable at any po9t betwe5 ,table ,rock & ,fidl]1 ,b-#g4 ,aft] "s se>* y f9d a cross+ directly s\? ( ! z]o 9 ! numb] #edj :i* m>ks ! cont\r ( t height4 ,"s "t ago y s5t a writt5 message to ! effect t !re 0 a picket locat$ at ! ,logan f>m h\se4 ,y h f9i%$ se>*+ ?or\ghly t "p ( ! /ream assign$ to y1 :5 a /rong p>ty ( ! enemy is se5 approa*+ y\r position f ,a4 ,logan4 ,y give y\r rema9+ man a v]bal message4 ,ea* takes a sep>ate r\te4 #h4 ,y are 9 *>ge ( a small reconnoit]+ patrol go+ s\? f ,boyd ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,z y approa* ! m>% 7#g-de1 bottom7 at ! we/ ( ! road1 y see ?ree pieces ( artill]y /uck 9 ! mud up to _! hubs4 ,y f9d t ! guns are #c 94 field pieces4 ,:ile y are inve/igat+ _! me*anism 9 ord] to confirm y\r op9ion t !y belong to ho/ile troops1 ab\t =ty m5 ( ! enemy ) ropes & tackle appe> ab\t #djj y>ds to ! s\?4 ,y hurry away "u cov]1 & f9d a telephone4 ,y s5d a v]bal message ov] ! wire at tw5ty m9utes to five 9 ! ev5+4 #i4 ,y are deliv]+ a message by motor cycle f ,c5t] ,mills to ,granite ,hill ,/ation4 ,y are rid+ at ab\t ?irty miles an h\r on a road suppos$ly cle> ( ! enemy1 :5 y are met by a fusillade f ! woods 9 ! vic9ity ( ,h5d]son ,meet+ ,h\se4 ,z y pass ! road-=k1 %ots foll[ y & y feel a %>p pa9 9 ! calf ( y\r leg4 ,y spe$ up to pass ! cross-roads at ,hunt]/[n1 & 9 two m9utes rea* ,granite ,hill ,/ation4 ,at tw5ty m9utes aft] n9e 9 ! morn+ y dism\nt f y\r motor cycle & direct an infantryman /&+ ne> y to take a v]bal message to headqu>t]s 9 addition to ! writt5 "o y h& him4 #aj4 ,y are ,capta9 ,williams 9 comm& ( ,company ,b1 #a/ ,battalion1 #bd? ,infantry4 ,y are act+ z a support dur+ ! ,outpo/ duty ( y\r battalion4 ,y are at #eib1 nor?we/ ( ! ,good ,int5t ,s*ool ,h\se1 ,d-#g1 & are engag$ 9 driv+ back a company ( infantrym5 :i* is attack+ y f ! /ream to ! we/4 ,at tw5ty-five m9utes to t5 9 ! morn+ y are sudd5ly attack$ also by a platoon ( infantry f ! direction ( ,h]man4 ,! ne>e/ fri5dly troops are ^? at battalion headqu>t]s4 ,y are 9 a s]i\s pr$icam5t4 ,y at once s5d a v]bal message by an intellig5t s]geant4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h d\btless demon/rat$ to our own satisfaction by means ( ! problems above h[ difficult x is to frame a message briefly & unmi/akably4 ,x might be well to inquire :y we h _h ?is tr\ble4 ,an analysis may n only reveal1 b also rem$y1 ! cause ( our inability to a*ieve ! desir$ result4 ,we f9d ^u inve/igation t we h p]mitt$ c]ta9 practical tal5ts to lie unus$ 9 our m9ds4 ,we h n acquir$ ! habit ( obs]v+ any?+ outside ( our desire1 ( li/5+ to any?+ outside ( our int]e/1 & ( expla9+ any?+ outside ( simplicity4 ,/rict obs]vation1 att5tion1 & exposition are ! ord9>y tools ( a milit>y man4 ,let him develop !m to ! highe/ degree & he has done no m ?an is expect$ ( him4 ,"h1 betwe5 ! /udy ( ! field message1 :i* in=ms comm&]s1 & ! field ord]1 :i* directs troops1 x is especially fitt+ = u to reckon ) m5tal improvem5t4 ,= x is 9 ?is int]val betwe5 ! in=mation's com+ to1 & ! decision's go+ f1 a lead] t ! fateful "q arises1 8,:at is my plan80 ,8 ?\ghts1 be=e !y arrive at a decision1 mu/ take 9 & classify 9 a c]ta9 def9ite ord] all obta9able & p]t95t facts4 ,he mu/ assemble all 8 data be=e he c take ! slighte/ risk z to h[ 8 troops are to act4 ,lives are at /ake 9 ! pass+ m9utes2 victory is await+ ! decision4 ,9 all ?is /ress & excitem5t ! comm&] mu/ obs]ve & li/5 z if he 7 /alk+ a de] 9 a ?icket4 ,& :5 8 m9d is made up he mu/ =mulate 8 decision z if he 7 sitt+ be=e 8 own peaceful he>? writ+ a lett]4 ,b he mu/ d bo? 9 "o p] c5t ( ! "t all[$ = /alk+ de] or writ+ lett]s4 ,to acquire ?is ability1 he mu/ h reg>d$ be=eh& ! developm5t ( ^! ?ree tal5ts z a necessity4 ,if he has caus$ himself to be a fai?ful obs]v]1 s t he is capable ( tak+ 9 _m details at once1 if he has compell$ himself to be a ke5 li/5] s t he c absorb e ^w in/antly1 if he has made himself into a skilful in/ructor s t he c express rapidly 8 exact wi%es & k1 he w be able1 :5 ! crisis comes1 to give 8 entire att5tion to 8 plan4 ,o!rwise he w be hamp]$4 ,if he has n obs]v$1 if he has n li/5$1 he w be able nei!r to decide nor to /ate 8 w =cibly4 ,! foll[+ h9ts may %[ u our defici5cies3 #a4 ,9 reg>d to ! scope & habit ( obs]vation1-- 7a7 ,look out ( ! w9d[1 c\nt (f to y\rself five seconds1 turn ab\t & see h[ mu* ( ! view or ( its sali5t features y c describe4 7b7 ,aft] y h tak5 y\r next long walk ?r\gh ! woods or op5 c\ntry1 g ov] 9 y\r m9d y\r j\rney4 ,pick out po9ts along ! c\rse & see :e!r y "k 9 reg>d to ea*3 7#a7 ! appe>ance & numb] ( trees )9 y\r view1 7#b7 ! rise & fall ( ! gr\nd )9 y\r view1 7#c7 or ! direction y next took4 7c7 ,:at is ! exact color ( ! hair or eyes1 or ! %ape ( ! h&s ( y\r close/ associates8 7d7 ,h someone place five articles on a plane surface :ile y\r back is turn$4 ,look at ! objects = t5 seconds2 !n look away & describe fully _! appe>ance & position4 #b4 ,9 reg>d to ! p[] & habit ( li/5+1-- 7a7 ,h someone read al\d to y ?ree s5t5ces capable ( be+ und]/ood by a p]son ( ord9>y intellect4 ,try to repeat 9 y\r own words e idea giv5 9 ! read+4 ,?is is n a memory ex]cise4 7b7 ,! next "t y f9d y\rself int]rupt+ someone1 *eck y\rself at once1 & try to repeat 9 y\r own m9d ! sub/ance ( :at ! speak] has la/ utt]$4 7c7 ,! next "t y f9d y\rself a "p ( an audi5ce to :i* a s]mon or lecture is be+ deliv]$1 say to y\rself1 8,i am go+ to get at lea/ = practice's sake e idea ?is speak] has to (f]40 ,!n note h[ %ort a "t x is be=e y miss a phrase4 #c4 ,9 reg>d to ! p[] ( exposition1-- 7a7 ,) y\r h&s beh9d y\r back1 try to describe 9 a s5t5ce ea* "o ( ! foll[+ articles3 ,a b>rel1 a scabb>d1 a tea kettle1 a potato1 a billi>d cue1 a *rysan!mum1 a dumb-bell1 y\r %oes1 a fox t]ri]1 a gr& piano4 7b7 ,give ! %orte/ complete description y c ( ! p>ts & work+ ( a rifle4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,field ,,ord]1 ,,! ,,e/imate1 ,,! ,,decision1 ,,! ,,expression 8,^u ! in=mation ( ! enemy & ( ! t]ra9 obta9$ by reconnaissance1 &1 z f> z "t w p]mit1 ^u ! /udy ( ! t]ra9 made by ! lead] 9 ! field ( probable op]ations1 ! plan ( action is bas$40 ,s /ate our ,field ,s]vice ,regulations4#d ,decision1 !n1 is built ^u ! am\nt ( mat]ial t ! obs]vation & att5tion ( a comm&] c collect4 ,& x is only 8 obs]vation & att5tion :i* c\nt4 ,x is only :at he himself has fix$ 9 8 own m9d :i* is go+ to d ! troops h>m or good4 ,he may receive doz5s ( excell5t messages1 or may view ! battle-field = tw5ty miles2 yet x is only :at he himself appropriates to 8 own /raight ?9k+1 :i* c influ5ce ! outcome4 ,! reports or ! visions ( o!rs _c ent] into ! decision1 unless he has transf]r$ ^? reports or visions to 8 own calculations4 ,h[ c he weigh :at he has n h&l$--consid] :at he has n absorb$8 ,! decision ( a lead] issues f ! door ( 8 own obs]vation & att5tion4 ,! mo/ p]t95t facts may be laid at t ?re%old only to be %ut out because he has n increas$ 8 capacity to take !m 94 ,& no "o else c ent] !re 9 ord] to d ! "w = him unless ! intrud] becomes virtually1 if n actually1 ! lead]4 ,,! ,,e/imate ,let u suppose t ! obs]vation & att5tion h tak5 9 all t !y %\ld4 ,^! v>i\s items ly+ 9 a m or less jumbl$ mass mu/ n[ be sort$4 ,in=mation ( "o class mu/ n be f\nd mix$ ) t ( ano!r class4 ,ea* organiz$ body ( in=mation mu/ approa* ! lead]'s judgm5t by itself s t3 7#a7 no?+ w be ov]look$2 s t 7#b7 ea* item w be ) its prop] set4 ,aft] !y h all pass$ ?r\gh 8 ?\ght1 c]ta9 ones1 ( c\rse1 may be disc>d$2 b !y all mu/ none ! less be fir/ review$ consci\sly by ! lead]4 ,?is process is call$ ! e/imate ( ! situation4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to comply ) ! full conditions ( su* an e/imate1 a fix$ classification ( all ! ess5tials :i* %\ld g ?r\gh ! hopp] ( a lead]'s judgm5t has be5 made4 ,aft] 8 in=mation has be5 obta9$ & be=e 8 decision has be5 =m$1 ! lead] mu/ say to himself3-- #a4 ,:at is my mission8 #b4 ,:at are ! =ces--! enemy's & my own8 #c4 ,:at conditions are favorable & :at unfavorable8 #d4 ,:at is ! enemy do+ & :at w he probably d8 #e4 ,:at effect has ! t]ra9 ^u my mission8 #f4 ,:at diff]5t c\rses are op5 to me 9 ord] to c>ry out my mission1 & :at are ! advantages & disadvantages ( ea*8 ,! me?od j describ$ is no m ?an t ( collect+1 classify+1 & weigh+ data4 ,x is ! v process we mu/ foll[ be=e we c write a dec5t !me1 article1 report1 or any?+ fit to read4 ,an e/imate ( a situation is no?+ m ?an an outl9e ( obs]vations made 9 ord] to arrive at a prop] conclusion4 ,! lead] has no "t to write d[n ! po9ts4 ,b he nev]!less assembles 9 8 own m9d ev]y?+ :i* be>s on 8 subject--unity2 he classifies all ?is into gr\ps ) a c]ta9 ord]ly arrangem5t--coh]5ce2 & he consid]s ! effect ( ea* item ^u 8 mission & situation--cle> ?9k+4 ,,! ,,decision ,z soon z he has f9i%$ ) ?is e/imate ( ! situation1 !re %\ld /& =? z a result ( ?is cle> ?9k+ 8 decision4 ,if he has be5 9 ! habit ( mak+ 8 ideas unmi/akable 9 conv]sation or writ+--if he has be5 accu/om$ to deal+ 9 good exposition1 8 plan ought to be cle> & simple4 ,= no man c make cle> /atem5ts )\t fir/ ?9k+ cle> ?\ghts4 ,if !n he has habitually insi/$ ^u 8 own use ( only ! cle>e/ phraseology1 he ought c]ta9ly to arrive at a cle> plan :atev] may be its tactical value4 ,,! ,,expression ,to give ?is plan expression is ! purpose ( ! field ord]4 ,c]ta9ly if ! decision is cle> & simple1 ! translation into language ought to be easy4 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations /ate3 8,ambiguity or vagu5ess indicates ei!r vacillation or inability to =mulate ord]s40 ,s9ce vacillation is a matt] ( "*1 ! discussion ( su* a trait is outside ( ?is c\rse2 b ! inability to =mulate ord]s is n4 ,9 fact x belongs only 9 ! c\rse ( ,rhetoric or ,engli%4 ,! foll[+ t]ms are f\nd 9 our ,regulations & ,text ,books3 8,cle> & concise in/ructions are giv5 z to ! action to be tak5 9 combat02#e 8an ord] mu/ be def9ite & ! expression ( a fix$ decision02#e 8field ord]s are brief02#f 8field ord]s mu/ be brief & def9ite02#f 8cle> & decisive ord]s are ! logical result ( def9ite & sure decisions & are ! means ( trans=m+ ! decision into action02#f 8,make y\r ord] %ort & make x def9ite02#g 8above all d n give vague ord]s02#g 8be positive & def9ite02#g 8a plan1 promis+ success1 may fail if x does n f9d correct expression 9 an ord]40#h ,& s our manuals keep on tell+ u to use correct ,engli%1 b fail+ to tell u h[4 ,putt+ ! cl>ifi$ decision into ! =m ( an ord] is ! bus9ess ( ,rhetoric4 ,& ! process requires ! application ( e rule = correct ,engli% we h le>n$ or are go+ to le>n4 8,(t5 a faulty expression1 a ^w too mu* or too little1 or an omission1 may become ! s\rce ( s]i\s consequ5ces10 decl>es ,buddecke4 ,ev5 9 ! ord]s ( ! greate/ comm&]s1 a twi/ ( phrase or a wrong ^w has giv5 an un9t5tional mean+1 s t troops h f ! v con/ruction ( ! ord] act$ contr>y to ! w ( ! *ief4 ,napoleon1 9 a despat* to ,dav\t be=e ! battles ( ,au]/adt & ,j5a1 /at$3 8,if ! ,pr9ce ( ,portecorvo 7,b]nadotte7 is ) y1 y may m>* toge!r2 b ! ,emp]or hopes t he w be already 9 ! position assign$ him at ,dornb]g40 ,b]nadotte1 z x happ5$1 _h n gone to ,dornb]g4 ,he 0 ) ,dav\t4 ,he det]m9$1 f ! la/ clause ( ! ord] & f ! ^w 8may10 t ,napoleon desir$ him to be at ,dornb]g4 ,to ,dornb]g he m>*$1 & !re he calmly wait$ )9 s\nd ( ! guns1 :ile ! battles ( ,au]/adt & ,j5a 7 f\ght4 ,he 0 useless bo? to ,napoleon & to ,dav\t4 ,inde$1 he 0 s]i\sly ne$$ by ,dav\t :o1 ) #bg1jjj 0 oppos$ to #ea1jjj ,prussians4 ,yet ! error is attributable n to ,b]nadotte b to ,napoleon1 :o meant to say1 8,y %\ld m>* toge!r2 b ! ,emp]or hopes t he has arriv$10 etc4 ,napoleon = once did n say :at he meant4 ,x is likely we may be f\nd m want+ 9 ?is reg>d4 ,!re is no error 9 ! expressiv5ess ( a field ord] :i* ! analytical & syn!tical /udy ( ,engli% w n ov]come4 ,we mu/ fir/ le>n by analysis to recognize mi/akes :5 we see !m4 ,we mu/ !n try to manipulate our language s t ^? mi/akes w n occur4 ,inde$1 we mu/ g fur!r ?an ! m]e negative avoidance ( mi/akes4 ,we mu/ n be satisfi$ until we h made our expressions ex]t a positive =ce4 ,! ways & means ( s do+ are f\nd 9 ! simple rules ( rhetoric4 ,x is1 p]haps1 n too mu* to say t ! ,am]ican works aga9/ heavi] odds ?an ! ,european4 ,! syntax ( ! inflect$ languages ( ,europe dem&s t ! speak] pay a prop] att5tion to ! *anges ( numb]1 g5d]1 & case1 if he w\ld n appe> ridicul\s1 :]eas ! ,engli% language1 be+ almo/ )\t inflections1 p]mits its speak] to toss 8 words ab\t ) an ease unkn[n to ,cont95tal spee*1 & /ill be intelligible4 ,! result is t ! ,european is tra9$ to m c>e1 &1 !re=e1 great] exactness1 ?an is dem&$ ( ! ,am]ican4 ,moreov]1 ! av]age ,am]ican's comm]cial education does n include a c>eful1 analytical /udy ( an inflect$ language4 ,8 geographical alo(ness f ! re/ ( ! _w insures him also a l+ui/ic isolation4 ,! ,european1 on ! o!r h&1 has an add$ advantage 9 t by trav]s+ a t]ritory no l>g] ?an ?ree or f\r ( our big /ates1 he w enc\nt] a half-doz5 languages1 ( all ( :i* he mu/ h "s k if he is to be a f9ancial success4 ,! ,am]ican1 !n1 9 writ+ ord]s is compet+ aga9/ a h&icap4 ,von ,kiess+1 a =eign]1 /ates t 8! be/ ( plans1 ! mo/ skilful comb9ations1 may fail1 if ! comm&] or 8 /aff (fic]s _c express !m prop]ly02 & ,buddecke1 also a =eign]1 insi/s t 8a plan1 promis+ success1 may fail if x does n f9d correct expression 9 an ord]40 ,if ^! m51 s*ool$ 9 language z well z 9 tactics1 f9d admonition s emphatically necess>y1 h[ mu/ we look ^u ! matt]8 ,! =m & composition ( ! ord]1 if practic$ n[1 ought to give u a c]ta9 am\nt ( indep5d5ce :5 we come to practical & /rategical consid]ations lat]4 ,= c]ta9ly1 we %all be f> ahead ( our fell[s :o mu/ try at once1 & = ! fir/ "t1 bo? tactics & composition4 ,,! ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,field ,,ord] 8,to enable ! w ( ! comm&] to be quickly und]/ood1 to secure prompt coop]ation among 8 subord9ates1 & = ready ref]5ce1 field ord]s are requir$ to foll[ a g5]al =m4 ,?is =m divides an ord] into sections or p>ts & assigns to ea* a p>ticul> class ( in=mation4 ,! p>ts ( ! field ord] are3 ,,! ,,head+4 ,,! ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,troops 79 c]ta9 ord]s74 ,,! ,,body4 ,,! ,,end+40#i ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! divisions ( ! field message & ! field ord]1 !n1 is t ! latt] conta9s 9 c]ta9 ord]s ,! ,di/ribution ( ,troops4 ,,! ,,head+4--,! head+ conta9s3 ,,! ,,title ,,or ,,"n ,,( ,,issu+ ,,(fic]',s ,,comm&4 ,,! ,,place4 ,,! ,,date4 ,,! ,,h\r ,,( ,,issue4 ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,ord]4 ,,! ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,map ,,us$4 ,! ,title or ,"n corresponds to ! ,"n ( ,s5d+ ,deta*m5t 9 ! field message4 ,b a title is ! "n appli$ to ! tempor>y duty ( a comm&1 su* z1 8,advance ,gu>d1 ,det4 #ba/ ,div410 :]eas ! "n itself might be 8#afb;d ,inf41 ,det4 #ba/ ,div40 ,! ,place does n ne$ to be giv5 s specifically z 9 ! field message1 because ! comm& issu+ a field ord] takes up mu* m space ?an a reconnaissance p>ty4 ,! ,date & ,h\r ( ,issue are writt5 z 9 ! field message4 ,field ,ord]s are numb]$ 9 sequ5ce usually annually4 ,! ,ref]5ce to ,map ,us$ is plac$ imm$iately bel[ ! numb]4 ,! ,head+ ( a field ord] w\ld appe> ?us3 ,field ,ord]s3 ,det4 #ba/ ,div41 #ab? ,corps1 ,no4 #bb ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 7,geological ,survey ,%eet7 #i ,dec4 #bh1 #h-ae p4 m4 ,,! ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,troops4--8,! di/ribution ( troops %[s ! tactical compon5ts into :i* a comm& is divid$ 7advance gu>d1 ma9 body1 etc47 & ! troops assign$ to ea*4 ,x is g5]ally us$ 9 m>* ord]s & 9 ! fir/ field ord] apply+ to a comm& newly creat$ or organiz$4 ,9 o!r cases x is usually m conv5i5t to "n ! troops 9 ! body ( ! ord]1 :]e _! duties are prescrib$4 ,:5 a #8di/ribution' is us$1 x is head$ #8,troops1' & 9 writt5 or pr9t$ ord]s is plac$ on ! left ( ,! ,body1 occupy+ ab\t "o-?ird ( ! page4 ,! tactical compon5ts are m>k$ ) lett]$ subheads 7a71 7b71 etc41 ! troops li/$ "u ea* p]=m+ ! task prescrib$ 9 ! simil>ly m>k$ p>agraph ( ! body ( ! ord]4 ,:5 ord]s are dictat$ or s5t by wire or signals1 ! di/ribution ( troops 7if us$7 is giv5 imm$iately aft] p>agraph #b1 )\t numb]40#aj ,9 ord]s = a regim5t & small] bodies ! ,di/ribution ( ,troops is usually omitt$4 ,! ,di/ribution ( ,troops 9 a field ord] w\ld appe> ?us3 ,troops4 7a7 ,indep5d5t ,cavalry3 ,col4 ,adams4 #a/ #b;d ,sqs4 #a/ ,cav4 7less "o troop7 7b7 ,advance ,gu>d3 ,col4 ,byron4 #a/ ,inf41 #a/ ,cav41 ,btry4 ,b1 #e? ,f4 ,a4 ,det4 ,co4 ,a1 ,engrs4 ,det4 ,amb4 ,co4 ,no4 #a4 7c7 ,ma9 ,body1 9 ord] ( m>*3 #a/ ,bn1 #b;d ,inf4 #a/ ,bn1 #e? ,f4 ,a4 7less #a btry74 #a/ ,brig4 7less #a/ ,inf4 & #a/ ,bn4 #b;d ,inf474 #d? ,inf4 ,co4 ,a1 ,engrs4 7less det474 ,amb4 ,co4 ,no4 #a 7less det474 #a/ ,f4 ,hosp4 7d7 ,signal ,troops3 ,lieut4 ,da%4 #a plat41 ,co4 ,a4 ,,! ,,body4--,! ,body1 ( c\rse1 is ! ma9 "p ( ! ord]4 ,x conta9s ! in=mation & in/ructions = ! comm&4 ,x is to ?is "p t ,buddecke ref]s :5 he says3 8,! ord]1 :i* is to trans=m decision into action1 is ( ! utmo/ importance40 ,! ,s5t5ce & ! ,p>agraph1 !n1 %\ld be p]fectly con/ruct$4 ,ea* "o ( ^? elem5ts %\ld be te/$ to see t x is unifi$1 coh]5t1 & emphatic4 ,! examples h]e9 giv51 or any set phras+1 %\ld nev] be imitat$4 ,e lead] mu/ compose 8 own words1 8 own decision4 ,he mu/ give to 8 subord9ates ! language t be/ suits ! p>ticul> occasion4 ,o!rwise !re w be no unity ( /ructure & little likelihood ( unity ( action4 ,e milit>y situation is a a law unto itself1 & ! language ( ! field ord] %\ld fit t law4 ,nev]!less !re are c]ta9 aids1 z we %all see1 9 compos+ ! ,body4 ,! topic ( ea* p>agraph is to be f\nd 9 our ,regulations4 ,we mu/ see t no?+ ent]s ! p>agraph or sub-p>agraph b t :i* belongs 9 ! topic assign$4 ,we mu/ see1 also1 t all ( ! matt] belong+ 9 a p>agraph is plac$ !re1 & t e s5t5ce 9 ! p>agraph is free f violations ( ,unity1 ,coh]5ce1 & ,emphasis4 8,p>agraph #a conta9s su* in=mation ( ! enemy & ( our support+ troops z x is desirable t subord9ates %\ld "k40 8,p>agraph #b conta9s ! g5]al plan ( ! comm&]1 or s mu* !re( z w insure coop]ation ( all p>ts ( ! comm&40 8,p>agraph #c conta9s ! detail$ tactical dispositions adopt$ by ! comm&] to c>ry out ! plan outl9$ 9 p>agraph #b1 includ+ ! tasks assign$ to ea* ( ! sev]al combatant fractions ( ! comm&4 ,^! tasks are giv5 "u lett]$ subheads 7a71 7b71 etc41 ! lead+ fraction1 or ! "o hav+ ! mo/ important duty to p]=m1 be+ g5]ally consid]$ fir/4 ,= in/ance3 ,9 an attack ord] x is cu/om>y to consid] ! artill]y fir/2 9 a m>* ord] troops are consid]$ accord+ to _! position 9 column40 8,in/ructions applicable to all ( ^! fractions may be embodi$ 9 a sub-p>agraph1 lett] 7,x71 at ! end ( p>agraph #c40 8,p>agraph #d conta9s in/ructions = ! tra9s1 & may designate ! position ( ammunition di/ribut+ /ations1 dress+ /ations1 & /ations = slightly w\nd$40 8,! la/ p>agraph1 usually p>agraph #e1 %[s :]e ! comm&] c be f\nd or messages may be s5t4 ,9 ord]s ( subord9ate comm&]s1 ?is p>agraph also gives ! location ( l9es ( in=mation1 if any h be5 e/abli%$40 8,if additional p>agraphs are necess>y1 !y are incorporat$1 prop]ly numb]$1 aft] p>agraph #d4 ,sometimes x is unnecess>y to include in/ructions = ! tra9s2 b :atev] ! numb] ( p>agraphs ! la/ always %[s :]e ! comm&] c be f\nd1 etc40#aa ,briefly1 !n1 ! p>agraphs may be epitomiz$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,enemy 7sub-p>agraph nei!r numb]$ nor lett]$74 ,y\r own troops 7sub-p>agraph nei!r numb]$ nor lett]$74 #b4 ,plan 7s+le p>agraph74 #c4 7a7 ,task ( ! lead+1 or ! mo/ important1 fraction ( comm&4 7b7 ,task ( next1 or next important1 fraction ( comm&4 7,x7 ,any?+ :i* applies to all fractions ( comm&4 #d4 ,tra9s4 #e4 ,location ( comm&] or place to :i* messages are to be s5t 7sub-p>agraph nei!r numb]$ nor lett]$74 ,location ( l9es ( in=mation 7sub-p>agraph nei!r numb]$ nor lett]$74 ,! ,body ( a field ord] w\ld appe> ?us3 #a4 ,! enemy's cavalry patrols h be5 se5 nor? ( ,,kickapoo4 ,8 infantry & artill]y are report$ at ,,at*ison4 ,our division is #h miles s\? ( ,,leav5wor?4 #b4 ,?is deta*m5t w m>* tomorr[ to ,,kickapoo4 #c4 7a7 ,! indep5d5t cavalry w />t at #e-cj a4 m41 cov]+ ! movem5t4 7b7 ,! advance gu>d w cle> ! nor!rn exit ( ,,leav5wor? at #f a4 m41 m>*+ by ! ,,at*ison ,,cross-,,fr5*man road4 7c7 ,! ma9 body w foll[ ! advance gu>d at #a1bjj y>ds4 7d7 ,! signal troops w e/abli% a l9e ( in=mation along ! l9e ( m>* betwe5 ! indep5d5t cavalry & ,,leav5wor?1 "o ( ! /ations be+ at ,,fr5*man4 #d4 ,! field tra91 escort$ by "o company #d? ,inf41 w foll[ ! ma9 body z f> z ,,fr5*man4 #e4 ,! deta*m5t comm&] w be ) ! ma9 body until #g a4 m41 & !reaft] ) ! advance gu>d4 ,,! ,,end+4--8,! end+ conta9s ! au!ntication ( ! ord] & a /atem5t ( h[ x is communicat$ to ! comm&4 ,?is /atem5t is an important feature ( a field ord] & is made by ! (fic] sign+ ! ord]1 he be+ responsible t x is prop]ly di/ribut$40#ab ,! end+ !n w\ld appe> ?us3 ,by ord] ( ,brig4-,g54 ,=se3 ,j4 ,g4 ,,hamilton1 ,lt4 ,col4 #a/ ,inf41 ,act4 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,copies to ,colonels ,adams & ,byron1 comm&]s ( artill]y & eng9e]s1 & to /aff2 to division comm&] by wire4 ,! v>i\s p>ts ( ! field ord]1 :5 assembl$1 appe> z foll[s3 ,det4 #ba/ ,div4 #ab? ,corps1 ,field ,ord]s3 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ,no4 #bb4 #i ,dec4 #bh1 #h-ae p4 m4 7,geological ,survey ,%eet47 ,troops4 7a7 ,indep5d5t #a4 ,! enemy's cavalry patrols ,cavalry3 h be5 se5 nor? ( ,col4 ,adams4 ,,kickapoo4 ,8 infantry #a/ #b;d ,sqs4 #a/ & artill]y are report$ ,cav4 at ,,at*ison4 7less #a troop74 ,our division is #h miles s\? ( ,,leav5wor?4 #b4 ,?is deta*m5t w m>* tomorr[ to ,,kickapoo4 7b7 ,advance ,gu>d3 ,col4 ,byron4 #c4 7a7 ,! ,indep5d5t ,cavalry #a/ ,inf4 w />t at #e-cj a4 m41 #a ,troop1 #a/ ,cav4 cov]+ ! movem5t4 ,btry4 ,b1 #e? ,f4 ,a4 ,det4 ,amb4 ,co4 7b7 ,! advance gu>d w ,no4 #a4 cle> ! nor!rn exit ( ,,leav5wor? at #f a4 m41 m>*+ by ! ,,at*ison ,,cross-,,fr5*man road4 7c7 ,ma9 ,body1 9 7c7 ,! ma9 body w foll[ ord] ( m>*3 ! advance gu>d at #a/ ,bn4 #b;d ,inf4 #a1bjj y>ds4 #a/ ,bn4 #e? ,f4 ,a4 7less #a btry74 7d7 ,! ,signal troops w #a/ ,brig4 7less #a/ e/abli% a l9e ( in=mation ,inf4 & #a/ ,bn4 along ! l9e ( #b;d ,inf474 m>* betwe5 ! indep5d5t #d? ,inf4 cavalry & ,co4 ,a1 ,engrs4 ,,leav5wor?1 "o 7less det474 ( ! /ations be+ at ,amb4 ,co4 ,no4 #a ,,fr5*man4 7less det474 #a/ ,f4 ,hosp4 #d4 ,! field tra91 escort$ by "o company #d? ,infantry1 w foll[ ! ma9 body z f> z ,,fr5*man4 #e4 ,! deta*m5t comm&] w be ) ! ma9 body until #g a4 m41 7d7 ,signal ,troops3 & !reaft] ) ! advance ,lieut4 ,da%4 gu>d4 #a plat4 ,co4 ,a4 ,by ord] ( ,brig4-,g54 ,=se3 ,j4 ,g4 ,,hamilton1 ,lt4 ,col41 #a/ ,inf41 ,act+ ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,copies to ,colonels ,adams & ,byron1 comm&]s ( artill]y & eng9e]s1 & to /aff2 to division comm&] by wire4 ,!re are c]ta9 ,,special ,,cautions 9 reg>d to ! writ+ ( ! field ord]4 #a4--,:at is requir$ 9 p>agraph #c ( ! ,body is t ! ord] be logical--coh]5t4#ac #b4--;,an ord] tells a subord9ate :at to d b n h[ to d x4 #c4--;,conjectures1 expectations1 reasons = measures adopt$1 & detail$ in/ructions = a v>iety ( possible ev5ts1 d n inspire confid5ce1 & %\ld be avoid$4 #d4--;,z a rule1 an affirmative =m ( expression is us$4 ,su* an ord] z3 8,! supply tra9 w n accompany ! division10 is defective1 because ! gi/ ( ! ord] dep5ds ^u ! s+le ^w 8n40 ,x is f> bett] to say1 8,! supply tra9 w rema9 at s-&-s until fur!r ord]s40 #e4--;,d n use su* expressions z 8attempt to capture10 8try to hold10 8z f> z possible10 8z well z y c40 ,besides be+ indef9ite1 !y divide responsibility4 ,y1 = example1 receive an ord] 8to try to capture0 a c]ta9 position4 ,imm$iately !re pops into y\r m9d ! suspicion t ! comm&+ (fic] did n believe t ! place c\ld be tak51 or 0 n anxi\s ab\t hav+ x captur$4 ,! comm&+ (fic] by ! v word+ ( 8 ord] has tak5 on himself a "p ( ! responsibility 9 ! ev5t ( a repulse4 ,at lea/ he has n plac$ all ! burd5 ( ! und]tak+ ^u y4 ,9 ! latt] case he has be5 guilty ( improp] subord9ation4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,problems ,,9 ,,! ,,field ,,ord] ,aft] ! plan ( ,tr5* ( ! ,engli% ,s]vice1 we are go+ to take up ! problems 9 ! con/ruction ( ! field ord] along ! l9es on :i* tactical situations naturally develop !mselves dur+ ho/ilities4 ,we %all discov] t ! sequ5ce w n only con=m to actual conditions1 b w lead f ! m simple to ! m complex4 ,we %all1 !n1 proce$ )1-- 7#a7 ,! ,m>* ,ord]4 7#b7 ,! ,attack ,ord]4 7#c7 ,! ,ord] = ,position 9 ,read9ess4 7#d7 ,! ,def5se ,ord]4 7#e7 ,! ,retreat ,ord]4 7#f7 ,! ,pursuit ,ord]4 7#g7 ,! ,halt ,ord]4 7#h7 ,! ,outpo/ ,ord]4 ,emphasis w be laid ^u ! m>* & attack ord]s1 because !y are ! mo/ usual & ! mo/ critical4 ,9 ^! problems all necess>y data w be giv54 ,no attempt w be made to mislead 9 reg>d to fact4 ,b e attempt w be made to mislead 9 reg>d to ! expression ( ! fact4 ,crude violations & mixtures ( rhetoric w !re=e be f\nd ?r\gh\t4 ,9 arrang+ 8 mat]ial ! /ud5t %\ld use 8 own /yle & %\ld n attempt to copy phraseology f any milit>y =ms4 ,t :i* is mo/ brief & mo/ unmi/akable is be/1 no matt] :o writes ! ord]4 ,note4--,! topographical data w n be f\nd ^u ! map4 ,! units = :i* a field ord] mu/ be writt5 require an area l>g] ?an t :i* our limit$ %eet provides4 ,! /ud5t1 by read+ ov] ! problem two or ?ree times ought1 ) ! aid ( 8 imag9ation1 to p]ceive ! w ( ! comm&]4 7#a7 ,,m>* ,,ord]s #a4--,on ,june #ab1 #aibe1 y are ,major ,g5]al ,ab]crombie 9 comm& ( ! #af? ,division ( ! #ab? ,army ,corps4 ,y wi% y\r division1 :i* is 9 ! vic9ity ( ,bruceville1 to m>* ov] to ,little/[n ! next day4 ,y want x to cov] ! base & l9e ( supply = y\r troops4 ,y want x to d all ?is because "o ( y\r fly+ corps lieut5ants saw f a captive balloon ab\t a division ( ! enemy pass ?r\gh ,*amb]sburg e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,! enemy 0 m>*+ ea/ & accord+ to ! lieut5ant 0 compos$ ( infantry1 cavalry1 field artill]y--9 fact1 all bran*es ( ! s]vice4 ,y f9i% ) ?is y\r tw5ty-second ord] s9ce ,janu>y #a/ at a qu>t] aft] t5 at night4 ,b j be=e y f9i% ) y\r ord] a ,colonel ( ,cavalry on y\r /aff tells y t he p]sonally saw cavalry 9 ,gettysburg dur+ ! ev5+4 ,y want y\r advance gu>d1 :i* consi/s ( ! #a/ ,brigade1 #a/ ,battalion ( ! #a/ ,field ,artill]y1 ,company ,a1 ,fir/ ,battalion ( ,eng9e]s1 "o section ( a ,signal ,company1 & ! fir/ ambulance company1 to get pa/ ! bridge ov] ,pipe ,creek at precisely six o'clock & to g along ! ma9 road to ,little/[n 9 its r\te4 ,! advance gu>d is to be comm&$ by ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,black4 ,n[ ! ma9 body1 y figure1 w g along 9 column f front to re>1--"o section ( ! ,signal ,company1 ! f\r? regim5t ( ,infantry1 ! ,field ,artill]y ,brigade )\t its combat tra91 ! #b;d ,brigade )\t ! #d? ,infantry1 ! ?ird ,brigade1 ! ,signal ,company 7,company ,a7 )\t its deta*m5ts1 ! fir/ ,battalion ( ,eng9e]s )\t ,company ,a1 ! ,field ,artill]y ,combat ,tra91 & !n ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? ,ambulance companies4 ,y want ?is ma9 body to />t across ! ,pipe ,creek bridge at half pa/ six & y want x to g along keep+ a di/ance ( a mile beh9d ! tail ( ! advance gu>d4 ,y want to tell y\r troops1 too1 t y w be ) ! tail ( ! res]ve ( ! advance gu>d4 ,y int5d to sign y\r ord] y\rself & y want copies s5t to ,lieut5ants ,k+sley & ,lawr5ce1 & to ,brigade ,g5]als ,black1 ,d>e1 ,evans1 ,colonel ,file1 ,major ,glad1 ,capta9 ,hume & y\r /aff4 ,y want y\r tra9s to foll[ y\r ma9 body 9 ord] f front to re>3 field tra9s1 ammunition columns1 supply columns1 field hospitals1 m$ical res]ve1 & pack tra94 ,y feel t ! man 9 comm& ( y\r signal corps %\ld arrange to h radio connection betwe5 y\r indep5d5t cavalry & ! advance gu>d4 ,t idea br+s up ano!r matt]4 ,y\r indep5d5t cavalry1 :i* w be comm&$ by ,colonel ,file & :i* w consi/ ( ! #a/ ,cavalry & "o section ( ! ,signal ,company1 w h to reconnoit] all ! roads :i* lead out ( ,gettysburg & :i* are betwe5 ! ,york ,pike & ! ,emmitsburg road4 ,y want ! cavalry to reconnoit] ! ,york ,pike & ! ,emmitsburg road1 too4 ,y want ?is cavalry to maneuv] s t !y w come 9 contact ) ! enemy z soon z practicable4 ,n[ y want ! indep5d5t cavalry to d all ?is because y want x to cov] ! :ole movem5t ( y\r troops & y ?9k x ought to />t out promptly at five o'clock 9 ! morn+ 9 ord] to accompli% its purpose be/4 #b4--,on ! t5? ( ,augu/1 #aibh1 y are ,colonel ,bruce comm&+ ! #abi? regim5t ( ,infantry :i* is act+ z advance gu>d to ! #e? ,division4 ,on ! t5? ( ,augu/ at half pa/ five 9 ! morn+ at ! ,p5it5ti>y ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 y sign y\r #bg? field ord]4 ,y h 9 reality dictat$ x to y\r (fic]s1 b y sign x z soon z y h f9i%$4 ,y h told !m 9 sub/ance t all b "o squad ( ,troop ,a1 "u comm& ( ,capta9 ,briggs1 #ba/ ,cavalry1 w\ld comprise ! ,advance ,cavalry2 t ! fir/ battalion ( ! #a/ ,infantry1 "o squad ( ,troop ,a1 #ba/ ,cavalry1 & a deta*m5t ( ,company ,a ( ! ,eng9e]s "u ,major ,*ittombly1 w\ld con/itute ! support2 & t ! ,res]ve w\ld be ,headqu>t]s & #b;d ,battalion ( ! #abi? ,infantry1 ,batt]y ,b ( ! #e? ,field ,artill]y1 ! ?ird ,battalion ( ! #abi? ,infantry1 & a ,deta*m5t ( ,ambulance ,company1 ,numb] #a4 ,y assembl$ all ! (fic]s ( y\r comm& :5 y dictat$ y\r ord] & y told !m t ! troops ( ! comm& w\ld m>* 9 ord] z /at$ above4 ,y told !m t y w\ld /ay ) ! res]ve & w\ld m>* ne> its head4 ,y /at$ t ! field tra9 w\ld assemble at ! fir/ cross-roads to ! s\? & !re wait "u comm& ( ,capta9 ,phillips1 ! ,qu>t]ma/] ( ! #a/ ,infantry1 = ! field tra9 ( ! ma9 body & w\ld jo9 t field tra9 z x pass$4 ,! ma9 body 0 to come along s t ! head ( x w\ld be j a half mile beh9d ! tail ( ! ,res]ve ( ! ,advance ,gu>d4 ,! :ole ( ! ,advance ,gu>d y want to m>* on ,kickapoo1 because ! enemy :i* someone _h report$ to h camp$ ne> ,at*ison ! night be=e1 & is compos$ ( all bran*es ( ! s]vice1 has cavalry patrols out :i* 7 se5 9 ! vic9ity ( ,kickapoo ye/]day4 ,y wi% ! po9t ( ! support to beg9 ! m>* at a qu>t] to six 9 ! morn+4 ,x is to g by ! g5]al r\te :i* m>ks ! turn+ po9ts ,at*ison ,cross1 ,fr5*man1 ,kickapoo1 along a cont9u\s /ret* ( road4 ,s t ! ,advance ,cavalry w h "t to get ahead1 y want x to leave camp at once & m>* by way ( ,at*ison ,cross to ,kickapoo4 ,?is proce$+ is necess>y because y want all ! c\ntry we/ ( ! l9e ( m>* to ! ext5t ( ?ree miles v c>efully obs]v$4 ,y want ,%]idan's ,drive to be obs]v$ c>efully also4 ,y want ! res]ve to foll[ ! support s t !re w be #hjj y>ds di/ance betwe5 x & ! tail ( ! support4 ,y s5d a copy ( ! ord] to y\r ,division ,comm&]4 #c4--,on ! ?irty-fir/ ( ,may1 #aica1 y are ,major ,g5]al ,p]k9s 9 comm& ( ! #af? ,division1 #bb;d ,corps4 ,w> has j brok5 out & n any ( y\r army has cross$ ! fronti] z yet4 ,h[ev]1 x is go+ to d s on ! next day1 & ! #bb;d ,corps is go+ to m>* on ,?urmont & ,fr$]ick4 ,y\r division has be5 ord]$ to cov] ! left ( ! :ole army4 ,y\r indep5d5t cavalry 9 comm& ( ,colonel ,frank & compos$ ( ! #aa? ,cavalry & ! fir/ radio section ( ! ,signal ,corps1 is to be foll[$ by ! ,advance ,gu>d "u comm& ( ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,blood4 ,! advance gu>d is compos$ ( ! fir/ ,brigade1 ! fir/ battalion ( ! fir/ field artill]y1 a company ( ! fir/ ,battalion ( ,eng9e]s1 ! fir/ ,ambulance ,company1 & "o radio section ( ! ,signal ,company4 ,y sign y\r ord] at eight 9 ! ev5+ & s5d copies to ,brigadi] ,g5]als ,blood1 ,cook1 ,dean1 ,enfield1 ,colonel ,frank1 ,major ,good1 ,capta9 ,h>ry1 by (fic]s4 ,y also furni% copies to y\r /aff4 ,y decide to h y\r division m>* on ,gettysburg 9 ord] to c>ry out y\r mission4 ,y\r ma9 body is go+ to />t at sev5 9 ! morn+ & w m>* 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 "o section ( ! ,signal ,company1 ! fir/ battalion ( ! #d? ,infantry1 all b "o battalion ( ! fir/ brigade ( ,field ,artill]y1 all ( ! second ,brigade b ! fir/ battalion ( ! #d? ,infantry1 ! entire ?ird ,brigade1 all b "o company ( ! fir/ battalion ( eng9e]s1 ,signal ,company ,a )\t c]ta9 deta*m5ts m5tion$ be=e1 ! field artill]y combat tra9s1 & ?ree ambulance companies4 ,y want ! advance gu>d to be up & out ( camp at half pa/ six 9 ! morn+4 ,x is to m>* by ! ,*amb]sburg ,pike on ,gettysburg & to be foll[$ by ! ma9 body ) a mile betwe5 ! two units4 ,! indep5d5t cavalry is to be up & out ( camp by six o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,y want y\r tra9s to foll[ y\r ma9 body five miles beh9d x & y want !m to foll[ 9 ?is ord]3 field tra9s1 fir/ section ( ! supply tra9s1 ammunition column1 ! rema9d] ( ! supply tra9s1 field hospitals1 m$ical res]ve1 pack tra94 ,y want y\r indep5d5t cavalry to advance on ,gettysburg4 ,y want y\r indep5d5t cavalry to reconnoit] all ! roads :i* run out ( ,gettysburg to ! s\? & ea/ & y want !m to get 9 t\* ) ! cavalry ( ! corps z soon z possible4 ,y are go+ to m>* at ! =w>d end ( ! res]ve ( ! advance gu>d4 ,:5 y h sign$ y\r ord] at ,*amb]sburg :]e y\r troops are locat$1 y h x telegraph$ to ,corps headqu>t]s4 #d4--,on ,may ! elev5?1 #aidj1 y are 9 comm& ( ! #h? ,division ( ! #ai? ,corps4 ,y are at ,fr$]ick1 ,m>yl&1 & y want y\r division to advance t[>d ,gettysburg & to be a protection to y\r ma9 army :i* is go+ to come ?r\gh ! passes ( ! m\nta9s 9 t vic9ity4 ,y are go+ to rema9 9 ,fr$]ick until half pa/ eight ! next morn+1 & !n y are go+ to g & be ) ! advance gu>d at its head4 ,y want y\r ma9 body to beg9 to move out :5 ! head is at ! fir/ railroad cross+ nor? ( ! t[n1 & at t5 m9utes to sev5 to foll[ a mile beh9d ! advance gu>d :i* y are go+ to h m>* along ! ,emmitsburg ,turnpike4 ,! end ( ! column ought to be across ! fir/ railroad cross+ nor? ( ! t[n at half pa/ six 9 ! morn+4 ,! enemy's ma9 army is ne> ,baltimore & ,wa%+ton4 ,y h he>d f pretty good s\rces t a "p ( 8 army is 9 su* a condition t any imm$iate movem5t is r5d]$ out ( ! "q1 ?\gh y h reliable ^w t "o ( 8 divisions & possibly m are 9 fit condition to move t[>d ! fronti]4 ,inde$ !y may h done s1 = already y\r fronti] is be+ obs]v$ by all sorts & k9ds ( small deta*m5ts ( ! enemy4 ,y want y\r field tra9s to come along & get toge!r nor? ( ! t[n z soon z all ( ! troops h got out4 ,y want !m to be divid$ into two sections & y want ! fir/ section to be ab\t two miles 9 re> ( ! troops & ! second section to come along aft] ! fir/ section ) a two mile di/ance4 ,y\r ma9 body 9 ord] ( m>* w be1 "o section ( ! signal company1 ! fir/ battalion ( ! f\r? regim5t ( infantry1 ! fir/ brigade ( ,field ,artill]y )\t its fir/ battalion1 all b ! fir/ battalion ( ! second brigade1 all b "o company ( ! fir/ battalion ( ,eng9e]s1 ,signal ,company ,a )\t its deta*m5t1 ! field artill]y combat tra91 & ?ree ambulance companies4 ,y want ! riv] cross+s ( ! ,monocacy & ! roads1 railroads1 & 9 fact all approa*es to !m f ! ea/ to be especially obs]v$ by ! ,advance ,gu>d4 ,t body w consi/ ( ! fir/ brigade1 ! fir/ battalion ( ! fir/ field artill]y1 ,company ,a ( ! ,eng9e]s1 ! fir/ ,ambulance ,company & ! fir/ section ( ! ,signal ,company1 all "u comm& ( ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,bates4 ,! fir/ section ( ! field tra9 w h ! foll[+ ord]3 field tra9s2 "o section ( ! supply column2 "o wagon company ( artill]y ammunition2 & "o wagon company ( small arms ammunition4 ,! second section3 field hospitals1 all b two wagon companies ( ! ammunition column2 all b "o section ( ! supply column2 m$ical res]ve2 & pack tra9s4 ,y are go+ to beg9 ?is :ole m>* on ! next day4 ,y\r indep5d5t cavalry1 comm&$ by ,colonel ,f9e1 & consi/+ ( ! fir/ regim5t ( ,cavalry & "o section ( ! ,signal ,company is to />t out at half pa/ five 9 ! morn+ & cov] y\r :ole movem5t4 ,y want ?is cavalry to sc\t ar\nd ,taneyt[n & see :at x c f9d on ! roads :i* g (f f ! s\!a/ f !re4 ,! :ole army ( :i* y are a "p aims to take up an advance movem5t & x plans to get to ,gettysburg on ! eighte5? ( ,may4 ,?is is ! second field ord] y h issu$ 9 ?is campaign4 ,y s5d copies ( x by y\r aide ,lieut4 ,kill to ,g5]als ,bates1 ,cutts1 ,d5t1 & ,eaton2 by ,lieut4 ,l9k to ,colonel ,f9e1 ,major ,good1 ,capta9 ,hall1 & to ! comm&] ( ! tra9s4 ,y read ! ord] to y\r /aff1 s5d a copy by mail to ,corps ,headqu>t]s & telegraph a synopsis to ! same place4 ,y sign y\r ord] at a qu>t] aft] n9e4 #e4--,on ,june #aj1 #aibe1 y are ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,/ew>t 9 comm& ( a ,deta*m5t f ! n9? division4 ,y are lo/4 ,y c f9d out no?+ ab\t ! enemy4 ,inde$ y c get no w9d ( :]e y\r own troops are4 ,y assemble all y\r (fic]s & read at t5 m9utes aft] five 9 ! morn+ an ord] :i* y h writt5 at ,bonnyville :]e y are locat$4 ,y want y\r :ole comm& to g by way ( ,:itehall & move t[>d ,lev]e4 ,y want y\r field tra9 & ammunition wagon companies1 on acc\nt ( y\r ignorance ( ! enemy to p>k ne> ! we/]n end ( ! t[n :]e ! road runs out4 ,!y are to make ?is maneuv] aft] half pa/ six & are to be 9 read9ess to move to ! we/ or to ! ea/4 ,! advance gu>d "u comm& ( ,colonel ,d5t1 & compos$ ( all ( ! second infantry b ! ?ird battalion1 is to m>* on ! road pa/ ,/4 ,luke's ,*ur* & !n on ! same road t[>d ,:itehall4 ,x is to get pa/ ! road =k :]e ! ma9 road goes out ( ! t[n at ! s\!a/]n edge at tw5ty m9utes to six4 ,y are go+ to be ) ! advance gu>d4 ,y w be up front ) ! res]ve4 ,y\r indep5d5t cavalry is to m>* at half pa/ f\r4 ,x consi/s ( ! fir/ squadron ( ! fif? cavalry "u comm& ( ,major ,curt4 ,x is go+ to try to get 9 t\* ) ! enemy4 ,! ma9 body is to come along aft] ! advance gu>d s t x w be eight hundr$ y>ds f ! tail ( x4 ,y\r ma9 body w m>* 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ?ird battalion ( ! second infantry1 fir/ battalion )\t ! res]ve1 ! ?ird regim5t ( infantry1 ! fir/ regim5t ( infantry1 ! artill]y res]ve1 ! fir/ ambulance company & ,signal ,company ,a4 ,"p ( y\r ma9 body is do+ outpo/ duty1 & y h told y\r (fic] :5 y issu$ y\r ord] t :5 ! support ( ! advance gu>d rea*$ ,/4 ,luke's ,*ur* ! next morn+ ! outpo/ w\ld /& reliev$1 & t x w\ld take its place 9 column aft] x _h clos$ 9 to ! road1 :5 ! troops came along4 7#b7 ,,attack ,,ord]s #f4--,y are ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,gre5e comm&+ a ,deta*m5t ( ! #ah? ,division1 & on ,june #aa1 #aife1 y are at ! headqu>t]s ( y\r division at ,/4 ,luke's ,*ur*4 ,y receive reliable messages to ! effect t ! enemy is 9 y\r front ab\t two & a half miles away4 ,y det]m9e to attack ! left ( ! enemy & to envelop t flank4 ,y want ! cavalry to cov] y\r own left flank1 & y want ! cavalry also to s5d out patrols to keep a look\t on ! "r4 ,fir/ ( all1 ?\gh1 y want ! battalion ( artill]y to g s\? via ! ,newman f>m & take a position nor? ( ! f>m4 ,y want ! artill]y to beg9 fir+ z soon z x arrives 9 ! position designat$4 ,y h he>d f o!r patrols com+ 9 t ! enemy is tak+ up a position on a hill 9 y\r front ab\t ! di/ance away y _h previ\sly e/imat$4 ,y want ! fir/ infantry to =m ! res]ve & y want x to foll[ 9 re> ( ! left flank ( ! ?ird infantry4 ,! ?ird infantry w take up & foll[ ov] ! same r\te z ! artill]y4 ,aft] cross+ ,plum ,creek ! :ole regim5t w move to attack ! enemy4 ,! regim5t w keep its left ne> ! road :i* runs pa/ ,pip] & ,:itehall4 ,! battalion ( artill]y :5 x is mov+ to its new position %\ld move (f ! road :5ev] x is necess>y to scre5 itself f ho/ile view4 ,! second infantry w attack along ! road x is n[ on4 ,x %\ld n1 h[ev]1 advance beyond ! ,:itehall ,s*ool ,h\se until ! artill]y op5s fire4 ,x ought !n to help along ! attack 9 support ( ! ?ird infantry4 ,y sign y\r message at half pa/ six 9 ! morn+4 ,y want y\r fir/ ambulance company to foll[ ! res]ve4 ,:5 ! company gets to ,plum ,creek1 h[ev]1 x %\ld /op !re & wait until fur!r ord]s4 ,y he> t y\r cavalry out 9 front has defeat$ ! enemy's cavalry & t ! enemy's cavalry is flee+ ea/w>d4 ,y wi% to incorporate ?is fact 9 y\r ord]4 ,y w h "s "o always ready to receive messages at ! cross-roads at ! ,newman f>m if y are n !re y\rself4 ,y s5d a copy ( ?is y\r six? field ord] ( ! campaign by ,lieut5ant ,co/ to ,major ,call4 ,y read ! ord] at half pa/ six to y\r comm&]s ( infantry regim5ts1 artill]y battalion1 signal company1 & /aff (fic]s4 ,y desire ! ,signal ,company to e/abli% a l9e :i* w connect y ) ,bonnyville1 & y %\ld h a l9e to y\r support comm&]1 :o is ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! second infantry4 #g4--,y1 on ,septemb] #a1 #aibb1 are at ,kolpatrick ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,y are 9 comm& ( ! #bh? ,brigade #c;d ,division1 & y issue to y\r assembl$ (fic]s by ^w ( m\? ! tw5ty-n9? field ord] ( ?is campaign at t5 m9utes aft] n9e 9 ! morn+4 ,y s5d a copy to ! ,*ief ( ,/aff ( y\r ,division by an aide4 ,y h j decid$ to attack a ho/ile deta*m5t :i* has j be5 report$ by an (fic] to be ne> y & to be ab\t half y\r /r5g?4 ,9 fact ?is deta*m5t has tak5 a position on a ridge ( long m\nta9s ab\t two & "o-half miles /raight to ! s\? ( y4 ,y wi% to communicate to y\r troops1 also1 t ! entire army ( :i* y\r brigade is a "p is engag$ 9 a fight ) ! enemy2 & t ! "r ( ! l9e ( ! army is ne> ,two ,tav]ns4 ,y d n want ! field tra9 to move out & to accompany y 9 y\r movem5t4 ,! ?ird infantry y h decid$ to make y\r res]ve4 ,x ought to take up "s k9d ( position to ! "r ( ! second infantry & 9 re> ( x4 ,! fir/ infantry %\ld move out & %\ld foll[ ! road lead+ s\?1 & be=e any ( ! o!rs ( ! troops x ought to attack ! enemy 9 front4 ,y want ! fir/ infantry to beg9 _! movem5t "r (f & !n lat] on to support ! envelop+ attack4 ,! envelop+ attack y h tru/$ to ! second & ?ird infantry regim5ts4 ,! second foll[$ by ! ?ird is to move out ) ! artill]y on _! left4 ,! :ole body is to m>* along ,bru% ,run "u cov] ( a ridge ( m\nta9s on :i* y are locat$ until x comes opposite to ! ,bru% ,run ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,! artill]y1 z y plan x1 is !n to g into position we/ ( ,bru% ,run ,s*ool ,h\se1 & to op5 fire on ! enemy4 ,! second infantry is !n to deploy1 & x is to deploy s t its "r w be ab\t five hundr$ y>ds to ! left ( ! artill]y's position4 ,! second infantry is !n to g "r (f into an attack on ! enemy's "r flank4 ,:ile ?is body ( troops is on ! m>* 7! second1 & ?ird infantries & ! artill]y71 ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! second infantry %\ld see t ! necess>y precautions are tak5 aga9/ surprise or attack by ! enemy4 ,y h decid$ to be dur+ ! attack at ! head ( ! column on ! extreme left until x deploys4 ,aft] t y are go+ to be ) ! res]ve4 ,! fir/ squadron ( ! f\r? cavalry "u y\r comm& is go+ to cov] y\r left 9 ?is movem5t4 ,x %\ld s5d out /rong patrols to ! "r besides s5d+ !m to ! left & get 9 t\* ) ! "r ( ! ma9 army4 ,! ambulance w g along ) ! ?ird infantry4 ,b :5 ! ?ird ,infantry gets to ,c$> ,ridge1 ! ambulance company w n proce$ any fur!r4 #h4--,on ! #f? ( ,janu>y1 #aicj1 y are ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,hitt 9 comm& ( ! fir/ ,brigade1 fir/ ,division4 ,y are at ,ode1 ,miss\ri4 ,y defeat$ ! enemy ! day be=e4 ,y h s9ce he>d t he is occupy+ ! l9e :i* ext5ds f ,baldw9 to ! hill s\? ( ,eppley's ,f>m4 ,y h an advance gu>d = y\r ,brigade & y decide to take up an attack =mation :i* w n necessitate ! use ( an advance gu>d any long]4 ,! tra9s y feel %\ld n be mov$ f :]e !y are locat$1 b ! ambulance company ought to move t[>d1 & take a suitable position ne>1 ,ode4 ,y decide to attack imm$iately1 & y are go+ to d s 9 a way :i* w cause ! enemy's left to be envelop$4 ,y issue ! #fa/ field ord] ( ! campaign at half pa/ n9e 9 ! morn+4 ,y und]/& f reliable s\rces1 9 fact f (fic]s' patrols1 t !re is a l>ge convoy ( ! enemy p>k$ some:]e 9 ,f>ley4 ,y decide t ! fir/ infantry ought to take up ! ma9 advance aga9/ ! enemy1 & y ?9k x ought to g 9 a g5]al direction along ! road :i* runs pa/ ,squ>e ,corn]s & ,eppley4 ,aft] ! #a/ ,infantry has laun*$ its attack x ought to support ! attack ( ! #b;d ,infantry4 ,! #c;d ,infantry is go+ to s5d ! #b;d ,infantry a ma*9e gun company1 :i* y ?9k y w h atta*$ to ! #b;d ,infantry4 ,! #b;d ,infantry1 y h figur$ out1 ought to advance1 keep+ ! rav9e ne> ,meas betwe5 itself & ! enemy4 ,aft] x /rikes ! rav9e1 x ought to g along x until ! fir/ "p ( ! column approa*es & comes up to a po9t :]e ! rav9e />ts to b5d s\?4 ,:5 x has exactly rea*$ t po9t :]e ! rav9e does b5d s\?1 x ought to />t out on ! enemy's left 9 an attack4 ,! #b;d ,infantry ought to pu% ?is attack ) all its might4 ,! #c;d ,infantry w be kn[n z a res]ve1 & x w be "u y\r ord]s2 until fur!r ord]s x ought to take up a position 9 "s %elt]$ place to ! we/ ( ,squ>e ,corn]s4 ,be=e x />ts out1 h[ev]1 x ought to s5d its ma*9e gun company1 )\t fur!r delay1 s t ! company may report to ! comm&] ( ! #a/ ,infantry z soon z practicable4 ,y give all ?is ord] to y\r regim5tal comm&]s aft] !y h be5 assembl$--9 fact1 y read x (f to !m4 ,) ! regim5tal comm&]s h be5 assembl$ also ,major ,black ( ! #g? ,field ,artill]y1 & ! (fic]s 9 *>ge ( ! ambulance company1 & ! (fic]s ( y\r /aff4 ,y are go+ to s5d a copy ( ?is ord] by ! aide to y\r ,division ,comm&]4 ,y are go+ to h a /ation at ! res]ve :]e y w be 9 t\* ) any messages t might come 9--9 fact1 all ! messages ought to be s5t !re4 ,y want ! cavalry to cov] y\r left flank1 & y want a /rong patrol s5t 9 ! g5]al direction ( ! we/ & also ( ! s\?4 ,be=e y f9i%$ writ+ ?is ord] y f\nd out t ! bridges ov] ! ,platte ,riv] 7 all de/roy$4 ,! ,platte ,riv] runs along ! re> ( ! enemy4 ,all ^? bridges :i* are betwe5 ,platte ,city & ,f>ley y "k are de/roy$2 y he> also t ! enemy is at "w repair+ !m4 ,f all ! messages & all s\rces ( in=mation :i* y c assemble1 y e/imate t x w require two or ?ree h\rs to make ^! bridges safe = troops4 ,y want ! #a/ ,battalion ( ! #g? ,field ,artill]y to move out /raight to ! s\? & to take up a position #ejj y>ds s\? ( :]e y are writ+ y\r message4 ,:5 ! artill]y gets !re1 y want x to op5 fire j z soon z x c on ! enemy's position :]ev] t might be4 ,y want y\r artill]y to make ! enemy's artill]y a t>get1 & to develop t t>get z soon z possible4 #i4--,on ! #ag? ( ,may1 #aiai1 y are 9 comm& ( ! #a/ ,division ( ! #ah? ,corps4 ,y\r division is encamp$ ne> ,mt4 ,/4 ,m>y's4 ,y want y\r division to attack ! enemy "r away & y want him to g ar\nd s he w develop ! left ( ! enemy4 ,y\r fir/ ambulance company ought to foll[ ! ,field ,artill]y to :]e ,hampton ,valley />ts1 & x ought to /ay !re until fur!r ord]s4 ,y\r second ambulance company y want to g along ) & foll[ ! #c;d ,brigade4 ,?is ambulance company ought to g z f> z ! cross+ ( ,beav] ,bran*1 & !n x %\ld /ay !re & n g away until fur!r ord]s4 ,! ?ird & f\r? ambulance companies %\ld n move out at all1 b ought to p>k some:]e ne> ! road ne> ! place call$ ,rodey4 ,! field hospitals w n move out at all1 b ought to /ay until y s5d !m ord]s to ! contr>y4 ,9 ! place call$ ,?urmont1 !re ought to be a collect+ /ation = ! slightly w\nd$4 ,y\r fir/ artill]y ought to move out at once d[n ,hampton ,valley & take a position some:]e ne> ! road :i* runs ?r\gh ,emmitsburg & along pa/ ,/4 ,joseph's ,academy4 ,! #b;d ,field ,artill]y %\ld f9d a position & take x up some:]e ne> ,mott]s4 ,! #c;d ,brigade1 :i* we f\nd ! second ambulance company 0 to foll[1 %\ld move out & !n g along by ,mott]s & laun* an attack on ! enemy2 ! #c;d ,brigade ought to envelop ! enemy's left4 ,! left ( ! #c;d ,brigade ought to re/ on ! l9e :i* runs ?r\gh ! place call$ ,mott]s1 & also runs ?r\gh ,tom's ,creek ,*ur*4 ,! ,brigade ,comm&] ( ! #c;d ,brigade w h ! g5]al l9e ( ! ,monocacy ,creek "u obs]vation ( m\nt$ m54 ,?is l9e ought to be kept 9 "u obs]vation pretty well s\?--9 fact1 to ! m\? ( ,hunt+ ,creek4 ,! ma9 attack w be laun*$1 z y figur$1 all along ! front1 :i* is det]m9$ by a l9e runn+ ?r\gh ,/4 ,joseph's ,academy & also runn+ ?r\gh ,long's4 ,! brigade comm&] ( ?is brigade ought to detail a battalion ( infantry2 ! special duty ( ?is battalion w be to =m an escort = ! #a/ ,field ,artill]y :i* x w accompany4 ,"o wagon company ( artill]y ammunition w g d[n to ! m\? ( ,hampton ,valley4 ,y h he>d t !re is a great p>ty ( ! enemy1 :i* has be5 e/imat$ at say two-?irds ( a division1 & t ?is big =ce is assembl+ & conc5trat+ 9 re> ( ! outly+ timb]4 ,?is fr+e ( timb] ext5ds f ,tom's ,creek ,*ur* all ! way nor? to ne> ,p>k]sburg4 ,?is ho/ile =ce av]ages ab\t #ej y>ds s\? ( ?is timb]4 ,! fir/ cavalry y feel ought to cov] y\r left4 ,y feel t ! reconnaissance t x ought to take up mu/ be /rong1 da%+1 & vigor\s1 & t x %\ld reconnoit] ea/ ( ! ,monocacy4 ,y write y\r ord]1 :i* is ! ?ird "o dur+ ! ye>1 at #i o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,y\r ,signal ,company w lay a l9e f ! #a/ ,field ,artill]y to ! road-=k1 #ejj y>ds we/ ( ,r\nd ,corn]s4 ,a second l9e w be laid f ! #b;d ,brigade to ! same road-=k4 ,y\r lead+ wagon company ( small arms ammunition %\ld be plac$ j nor? ( ,riley4 ,y want to /ate to ! rema9d] ( y\r tra9s t !y are n to move out f !re until !y get ord]s f y4 ,y s5d copies ( ?is ord] to ,majors ,black1 ,cord1 ,d>w91 ,enfield1 ,colonel ,=se1 ,major ,good1 & ,capta9 ,h>r[4 ,y report by telegraph to y\r ,division ,headqu>t]s :at y h said 9 y\r ord]4 ,! #b;d ,brigade is go+ to be y\r g5]al res]ve2 x %\ld take up a position outside ne> ! cross-roads4 ,?is cross-roads t y mean is #a1ejj y>ds we/ ( ,mott]s4 ,any messages & reports :i* are go+ to come to y1 y want to h rea* y at ! road-=k1 :i* is ab\t #b1jjj y>ds we/ ( ! place call$ ,mott]s4 #aj4--,y are ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,a>on 9 *>ge ( a deta*m5t ( ! #a/ ,division4 ,y are ab\t to get out y\r f\r? field ord] ( ! campaign1 :i* y issu$ & sign$ at t5 m9utes to sev5 on ! morn+ ( ,octob] #f1 #aiah4 ,y\r ,*ief ( ,/aff is ,lieut5ant ,bean4 ,! ma9 body1 ( :i* y are a "p1 is engag$ ) ! enemy at ! pres5t "t4 ,! two bodies oppos$ to ea* o!r1 fight+ /r5u\sly1 ext5d f ne> ! ,belmont ,s*ool ,h\se t[>d ! nor?4 ,y want ! #a/ ,infantry to advance via ! #ecj-fah road1 & y want x to deploy :5ev] x is necess>y = x to d s4 ,y want x to deploy ) its left flank t\*+ ! #edh-fah road4 ,aft] x has done ?is y want x to attack at ! same "t t ! #b;d ,infantry does4 ,y\r artill]y y want to move out by way ( ! road :i* runs ?r\gh #edb & #eej1 & y want x to g s x w get a position some:]e ne> ! ,hill #fjh2 x w be escort$ by ! #a/ ,battalion ( ! #b;d ,infantry4 ,y want ?is artill]y to support ! attack 9 ! be/ way x c4 ,! #a/ ,battalion ( ! #b;d ,infantry %\ld take up su* =mation & movem5t z w be/ provide protection = ! left ( y\r :ole l9e4 ,! :ole ( ! #b;d ,infantry1 ( c\rse1 except+ ! fir/ battalion1 w advance by #deb4 ,x w !n take a cut across c\ntry & !n by ! road :i* goes by #edf & #edh4 ,! #b;d ,infantry w attack ! enemy's "r flank4 ,! cavalry %\ld cov] ! left ( y\r own troops & make /rong reconnaissance ( ! c\ntry to ! nor? & also to ! we/4 ,a troop ( ?is ,cavalry %\ld be s5t ov] to ! "r flank ( our troops4 ,! "w ( ?is troop %\ld be to get into communication & keep communication ) y\r ma9 army by telegraph4 ,y want ! ,signal ,deta*m5t to give y wire communications1 or 9 fact1 any k9d ( communications :i* w be/ keep y 9 t\* ) ! #a/ ,infantry4 ,y are at ! cross-roads ne> ,mt4 ,v]non ,s*ool ,h\se :5 y write y\r ord]4 ,y h le>n$ t !re is a body ( ! enemy1 a r l>ge body 9 fact1 :i* is go+ into "s position select$ ne> ,granite ,hill4 ,y ga9 f reliable patrols all ! above in=mation1 & also ! fact t ?is deta*m5t ( ! enemy is ab\t "o-half y\r own /r5g?4 ,y decide t y are go+ to attack at once ?is deta*m5t :i* is j spok5 (1 :i* is go+ into a position ne> ,granite ,hill4 ,if x is go+ into position1 & if x is n[ only "o-half y\r /r5g?1 y c see t !re are two reasons :y y mu/ laun* y\r attack ) ! utmo/ vigor & cel]ity1 because ! enemy might ga9 re9=cem5ts1 or a good position 9 ! meantime4 ,y /ate 9 y\r ord] t y are go+ to be ) ! res]ve all ! "t1 & y s5d copies to all y\r (fic]s1 especially to ,major ,good :o is comm&+ ! cavalry1 & y report :at y h done by telegraph to ! ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,y decide to h ! #c;d ,infantry be ! res]ve4 ,if ! #c;d ,infantry is ! res]ve & y are ) x1 x ought to be "u y\r ord]s4 ,! #c;d ,infantry w foll[ along beh9d ! #b;d ,infantry until ! latt] regim5t deploys4 #aa4--,y are ,major ,g5]al ,plunkitt4 ,on ! #c;d ( ,septemb]1 #aibc1 y are ne> ! t[n ( ,guld5s4 ,y are 9 comm& ( ! #d? ,division ( ! #ab? ,corps4 ,y issue a writt5 ord] by y\r ,*ief ( ,/aff1 :o is ,lt4 ,col4 ,miley1 at a qu>t] ( eight 9 ! morn+ ( ?is day4 ,y propose t y\r division %all make a vigor\s attack ^u ! enemy1 & t y w break ?r\gh 8 outpo/ l9e4 ,y\r int5tion is to g on ?r\gh ) all spe$ to ,gettysburg4 ,y are go+ to be ne> ! ,plank ,f>m :5 ?is is happ5+4 ,! two troops ( cavalry :o are n[ ) y\r advance gu>d1 or really h j be5 ) y\r advance gu>d1 are go+ to cont9ue cov]+ y\r left flank z !y h be5 do+4 ,! #c;d ,brigade w m>* f ne> ! ,i4 ,p4 ,plank ,f>m1 & x w proce$ nor? on ! road :i* runs nor? f t f>m4 ,n[1 x w keep go+ on t road until x gets to ! woods & !n x w advance to ! nor?we/ ( ! railroad1 & g aga9/ ! enemy4 ,! #b;d ,brigade & ,eng9e] ,battalion are go+ to make up ! res]ve4 ,!y are go+ to be "u y\r ord]s directly1 & !y1 9 ord] to make ?is attack successful w take a position some:]e "u cov] nor?we/ ( ,granite ,hill4 ,colonel ,field ( y\r cavalry w cov] y\r "r flank ) ^? ( 8 regim5t :o are n cov]+ ! left4 ,he ought to assemble 8 ma9 body "r n[ some:]e on ! ,h>risburg road4 ,y are writ+ ?is #g? field ord] s9ce ! fir/ ( ! ye> at a qu>t] to eight 9 ! morn+ :5 in=mation f (fic]s' patrols comes 9 t !re is only "o division ( ! enemy 9 ,gettysburg1 & t he has lo/ heavily by casualties 9 ! fight y h _h ) x ! day be=e4 ,y le>n also at ! same "t t !re is an outpo/ l9e ( ! enemy1 :i* is ext5d+ f ,body ,s*ool ,h\se to ,mc,allister ,hill4 ,?is outpo/ l9e crosses ! road y are on & y\r troops are on1 at ,hill #fah2 y f9d out also t ,wolff ,hill is full ( ! enemy4 ,! artill]y ( y\r comm& y figure ought to take up "s position to ! we/ ( ,granite ,hill1 & t x %\ld op5 fire on ! enemy z soon z ! enemy has be5 discov]$4 ,! ,signal ,company %\ld connect y & y\r headqu>t]s ) all ( ! comm&]s ( ! fir/1 ?ird1 & artill]y ,brigades4 ,y s5d copies ( all ^! ord]s by ,lieut4 ,knight to y\r f\r brigade comm&]s1 & also to ! (fic]s 9 *>ge ( ! fir/ section ( y\r tra92 y read x (f to y\r /aff1 & y s5d a copy by an ord]ly to ! second section ( y\r tra94 ,y\r ambulance companies are go+ to p>k ne> ! "r =k ( #fag1 & y are go+ to camp ea/ ( ?is =k1 :i* is nor!a/ ( ,granite ,hill4 ,y want ! fir/ sections ( y\r tra9s to g & p>k at ,guld5s1 & y want ! second section n to budge f :]e x is n[ /ation$4 ,y\r fir/ brigade %\ld cont9ue its advance along ! road y are on1 & :5 x becomes necess>y f9ally to deploy1 !y %\ld deploy across ?is road4 ,aft] !y h deploy$ !y ought to take up ! attack at once & g =w>d ) ,hill #fah z _! objective4 ,!re are ab\t a ?\s& ( y\r troops1 y le>n1 :o are w\nd$ 9 ,gettysburg2 !n1 too1 !re are _m w\nd$ :o are n[ held z prison]s ( w> 9 ,gettysburg :]e a division ( ! enemy is /ation$1 & :]e x has lo/ heavily4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,m ,,problems ,,( ,,! ,,composition ,,( ,,! ,,field ,,ord] 7#c7 ,,ord] ,,= ,,position ,,9 ,,read9ess #a4--,y are ,major ,g5]al ,tuttill 9 comm& ( ! #aj? ,division ( ! #c;d ,corps1 :i* is at ,taneyt[n4 ,on ,june #c1 #aieb1 y\r division has be5 designat$ to keep a c]ta9 =ce ( ! enemy out ( a battle :i* is go+ to take place ) y\r :ole army4 ,?is ho/ile =ce is directly 9 y\r front4 ,y det]m9e !re=e to take up a position 9 read9ess on ! s\? side ( ,pipe ,creek4 ,y h be5 encamp$ ) ! outpo/4 ,y want ?is outpo/ & ! cavalry :i* is atta*$ to y\r comm&1 to wat* out = ! retirem5t ( y\r :ole division to ?is position 9 read9ess4 ,aft] t1 ?is :ole outpo/ is to )draw to ,keym>4 ,!y are to get to ,keym> by go+ ov] ! road ?r\gh ,bruceville4 ,! comm&] ( ! outpo/ w be notifi$ :5 he w beg9 ?is )drawal4 ,! enemy1 y h le>n$1 is directly 9 y\r front & has gone into camp along ,p9ey ,creek ne> ! village ( ,p9ey ,creek t[>d ! nor?4 ,! ?ird brigade is to />t at #d o'clock 9 ! morn+ & is to m>* directly to ,keym>1 & ! artill]y brigade1 all b "o battalion1 w />t out at ! same h\r & w g ar\nd by ,ott]dale mill & w g to ,montunion ,*ur*4 ,! fir/ brigade %\ld m>* ! v same h\r ) its de/9ation to be ne> ! vic9ity ( a small am\nt ( woods1 :i* are ab\t #a1jjj y>ds 9 a s\!rly direction f ,trevanion4 ,y\r army on ?is v day cross$ ! ,monocacy4 ,dur+ ! exp$ition1 !y don't meet ) v mu* opposition1 s t !y int5d on ! next day to attack ! ma9 body ( ! enemy :i* is some:]e 9 ! vic9ity ( ,mt4 ,ary4 ,y\r signal company %\ld leave ! ?ird brigade4 ,:5 ! signal company gets to ,keym>1 x %\ld connect up t place ) ! /ation ( ! fir/ brigade2 x %\ld put 9 on ?is l9e a /ation = ! artill]y brigade4 ,9 addition1 ! signal company ought to keep up a l9e ( communication ) ! outpo/ until ! outpo/ is )drawn4 ,y1 z ! comm&+ g5]al ( ?is division want to notify all y\r troops ab\t a c]ta9 fact :i* applies to e "o--namely1 t ! /aff (fic]s %\ld g along ) ! infantry brigade be=e m5tion$1 & %\ld pick out & m>k po9ts :i* are to be entr5*$4 ,y\r eng9e] battalion w />t to m>* at ! same h\r z ! o!r troops m5tion$ above4 ,!y are to /rike !n across to ,middleburg & !n !y are to g to places :i* are to be pick$ out by ! *ief ( /aff1 & :5 !y get to ^? places !y are to assi/ 9 ! entr5*+4 ,y decide t y are go+ to g to ,taneyt[n & /ay !re until ! outpo/ is )drawn4 ,y want ! field tra9s to />t out at ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & ^! %\ld g along & foll[ 9 ! c\rse :i* has be5 already designat$ = ! respective units to :i* ! field tra9s belong4 ,^! field tra9s are to cross ! ,pipe ,creek & are to assemble at ,woodsburg4 ,all ! o!r columns ( ! tra9s w />t out at ! same h\r z ! troops4 ,! ammunition columns & ! two field hospitals are to halt at ,ladysburg2 all ! o!rs halt at ,woodsburg4 ,y issue ?is ord] at #aj o'clock 9 ! ev5+ & y sign x y\rself1 & y s5d copies ( ?is1 y\r #aj? field ord] ( ! campaign1 to all (fic]s :o come to y\r headqu>t]s to receive ord]s4 7#d7 ,,! ,,def5se ,,ord] #b4--,y are ,major ,g5]al ,/&i%4 ,y h j receiv$ ^w t ! enemy to :i* y are oppos$ has be5 v heavily re5=c$ & has n[ ab\t two divisions 9 ! t[n ( ,taneyt[n4 ,y\r ma9 army is n go+ to leave until ! #ai?1 & !n x w get z f> z ,m>%all probably4 ,y are 9 comm& ( ! #ba/ division ( ! #h? corps1 & y are s\? ( ,emmitsburg on ! #ag? day ( ,may1 #aide4 ,y decide t y c't d any?+ else b take up a def5sive position4 ,y accord+ly want to make y\r division occupy a position ext5d+ f ,mc,kee ,knob to ! nor!a/4 ,y want ! second brigade1 :i* is go+ to be re5=c$ by ! fir/ cavalry & also by ! #b;d battalion1 #a/ field artill]y to cov] ?is movem5t1 to take up a def5sive position4 ,g5]al ,calh\n ( ! second brigade has to put 9 place ( ! infantry ( 8 brigade on ! s\!rn l9e ( outpo/1 c]ta9 cavalry patrols4 ,^! cavalry patrols w come f two corps :i* h be5 s5t to ,g5]al ,calh\n1 or at lea/ h be5 ord]$ to report to him at ,mott]s at "o o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,g5]al ,calh\n %\ld relieve ! outpo/ ( ! ?ird brigade at two o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & ( ! fir/ at ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,! fir/ brigade1 aft] its outpo/ is reliev$1 %\ld imm$iately take up ! m>*1 go+ up ! road :i* runs ?r\gh ,emmitsburg & ,lib]ty ,hall ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,x %\ld halt :5 x gets nor!a/ ( #fef4 ,g5]al ,calh\n has to be plac$ 9 comm& 9 ord] to c>ry out 8 "p ( ! situation z to c]ta9 o!r troops--9 fact1 ! #b;d battalion ( ! #a/ field artill]y1 & ! #a/ cavalry1 %\ld n[ become a "p ( 8 comm&4 ,! #b;d battalion ( ! #a/ field artill]y is at ! nor!a/]n outskirts ( ! t[n ( ,emmitsburg1 & ! #a/ cavalry has its headqu>t]s at ,fairplay2 he w beg9 to comm& ^! troops at two o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,y write1 at #aa o'clock at night1 y\r six? field ord] & s5d copies by ,lieut4 ,fright to ,g5]als ,byrd1 ,c>r1 ,dale1 & to ,colonel ,f9k & ,capta9 ,h]vey4 ,y read ! message (f to y\r /aff & report by telegraph to army headqu>t]s :at y h done4 ,y decide to h y\r ?ird brigade1 aft] ?is outpo/ is reliev$1 m>* by way ( ,emmitsburg f ,f\r ,po9ts4 ,!n ! brigade is to m>* by ! road j ea/ ( ,mc,kee ,knob to a position half a mile nor? ( #ehg2 !re ! brigade w halt4 ,g5]al ,calh\n %\ld delay ! cross+ ( ! riv] by ! enemy4 ,he %\ld d ?is z mu* z he is able1 b he %\ld n become too closely engag$ ) ! enemy4 ,y decide t y w be at ,emmitsburg until aft] #e o'clock 9 ! morn+2 !n y are go+ to be at ,lib]ty ,hall ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,! signal company w take up :at l9es x has laid d[n aft] two o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,!n "o-half ( ! company w report to ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,calh\n1 & ! rema9d] ( ! signal company w proce$ to jo9 ! #c;d brigade4 ,y want y\r entire comm& to "k t !re is to be on no occasion any unnecess>y noise & t ?is noise is to be avoid$ at all haz>ds4 ,y d n wi% a bugle call to be s\nd$ be=e ! sun rises4 #c4--,on ! #d? ( ,june1 #aifd1 y are ,major ,g5]al ,boswell 9 comm& ( ! fir/ division ( ! f\r? army corps4 ,y\r division is we/ ( ,gettysburg4 ,y he> t ! enemy 9 y\r front is at ,ca%t[n & has be5 heavily re5=c$4 ,! troops = ^! re5=cem5ts h come f 8 ma9 army4 ,?is gives y ! idea t y _h bett] take up a def5sive position2 y _h bett] take up ?is position a/ride ! road :i* y n[ are on & y mu/ hold ?is position ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,y\r ?ird brigade %\ld />t "r away to make prep>ations = ! def5se4 ,!y %\ld take up a l9e 9 _! def5se prep>ations ext5d+ f some:]e ea/ ( ,sev5 ,/>s1 & %\ld cont9ue ?is l9e to ! s\?we/ = ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,! fir/ cavalry %\ld s5d two platoons to report to ! ,major :o comm&s ! eng9e] battalion ne> ,moonsburg4 ,^! %\ld be s5t if ! enemy advance 9 =ce1 & !y %\ld be s5t ) ! patrol on y\r "r flank4 ,! ma9 body ( ?is cavalry %\ld patrol ! left ( y\r l9e to cov] x4 ,! #b;d brigade w prep>e = def5se a l9e ext5d+ f ne> ,sev5 ,/>s nor?we/4 ,x %\ld ext5d ?is l9e until x rea*es ! f>m road :i* crosses ! ridge4 ,! #a/ brigade w be ! res]ve4 ,!y are go+ to be "u y\r direct ord]s2 !y %\ld !re=e rema9 midway betwe5 ,knoxburg & #eig4 ,!re is a road =k !re :]e !y %\ld /ay4 ,! eng9e] battalion w g at once & prep>e ! high gr\nd s\?we/ ( ,moonsburg = def5se1 & 9 ?is def5se :i* !y w make at ?is po9t1 !y are to act z a "r flank gu>d4 ,! ambulance companies w be held ne> ! nor? end ( ,h]r ,ridge4 ,y h a second field hospital :i* y h e/abli%$ at ,gettysburg & y want x to /ay !re4 ,y want y\r fir/1 ?ird1 & f\r? field hospitals at ! we/]n outskirts ( ,gettysburg4 ,y want ^! fir/1 ?ird1 & f\r? field hospitals to assemble by ! road some:]e !re4 ,company ,a ( y\r signal corps y decide to h lay c]ta9 l9es4 ,all ^! l9es %\ld g f ! position ( ! res]ve to ! second field artill]y1 & on ?is l9e !re %\ld be a /ation s t ! comm&] ( ! second brigade c\ld cut 91 & !n ,company ,a also %\ld lay a l9e f ! fir/ field artill]y to ! res]ve4 ,on ?is l9e also1 ! comm&] ( ! ?ird brigade %\ld h a /ation :]e he c g4 ,! signal company also ought to arrange to h receiv+ /ations = flag signals = ! eng9e] battalion1 & ought to d ! same ?+ = ! cavalry on ! left flank4 ,two wagon companies ( small arms ammunition %\ld be held ne> #ehe1 & ano!r wagon company ( artill]y ammunition ne> #ehg4 ,y are go+ to be at ,division ,headqu>t]s at #eig4 ,y\r second field artill]y %\ld set out at once to ! road lead+ s\?we/ ab\t half a mile f ,moonsburg2 x %\ld move ar\nd ! ,moonsburg road to d ?is4 ,x %\ld !n g by ?is road1 :i* leads s\?we/1 to an int]section ( t road to ! next f>m road4 ,! ,colonel ( ! second field artill]y %\ld prep>e a position 9 ?is vic9ity :i* w\ld be capable ( support+ ! entire l9e ( def5se :5 ?is l9e 0 attack$4 ,! fir/ field artill]y %\ld g ab\t half a mile s\? ( ?is camp2 x %\ld proce$ ar\nd by ! road p>allel to ! ,*amb]sburg road1 & %\ld g z f> z a po9t "o mile s\? ( ,sev5 ,/>s4 ,:5 x gets !re x %\ld select & prep>e a position to support ! def5se4 ,y want all ! o!r tra9s :i* y h n m5tion$ n to move out f :]e !y are1 b want !m to be ready to move 9 any direction at y\r comm&4 ,y "k t y\r ma9 army is go+ to attack ! weak] ho/ile =ce1 :i* is 9 its front1 on ! v morn+ y\r ord] is issu$4 ,y also "k t if y\r own army is successful 9 ?is attack1 x w s5d y lat] "s re5=cem5ts if y really ne$ !m4 ,y write ?is ord] at tw5ty m9utes ( five 9 ! morn+4 ,y s5d copies ( ?is1 y\r six? field ord]1 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! campaign1 to all (fic]s :o h be5 s5t "u y\r ord] to receive !m4 7#e7 ,,retreat ,,ord] #d4--,on ,may ! #b;d1 #aiai1 at #d a4 m41 y wi% copies ( ?is y\r #ab? field ord] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> s5t to ! comm&]s ( ! fir/ brigade1 ! artill]y brigade1 & ! #aj? cavalry by ,lieut4 ,alb]2 to ! comm&]s ( ! second brigade1 ! eng9e] battalion1 ! signal company1 & ! *ief surgeon by ,capta9 ,cutts2 to ! comm&] ( ! ?ird brigade1 & to ,major ,qu9cy by ,sgt4 ,donohue4 ,y\r "n is ,major ,g5]al ,slump4 ,y are 9 comm& ( ! second division ( ! ?ird army corps4 ,y\r division is at ,platte ,city1 ,miss\ri4 ,!re are two divisions ( ! enemy :o are com+ d[n aga9/ ,platte ,city f ! nor?4 ,y "k ?is to be reliable in=mation1 & y "k1 also1 t "o division ( ! enemy w5t into camp la/ night be=e y f\nd out t ! outpo/s ( t division 7 six miles nor? ( ,tracy on ! road t runs ?r\gh ,tracy & ,sev]n4 ,! o!r division1 y "k1 camp$ six miles fur!r to ! nor?4 ,y give1 9 y\r ord]1 ! direction t ! fir/ brigade is to take up a position on ! we/ end ( ! f>m road :i* runs we/ f ,nile4 ,y want ?is brigade to be prep>$ to make all sorts ( resi/ance--9 fact1 y want x to delay ! enemy's advance1 & to hold ?is position until y ord] x to retire fur!r4 ,y decide really t y\r :ole division %\ld g into a position we/ ( ! ,platte riv]4 ,y\r idea is t x %\ld hold back ! enemy !re1 & %\ld hold x back suffici5tly until ! tra9s c be )drawn4 ,:5 ! tra9s are all )drawn1 !n y ought to be able to make an ord]ly retreat 9 ! g5]al direction ( ! ,nile4 ,at ! crack ( dawn ! next day1 y figure t ! cavalry ought to beg9 go+ out & look+ = ! enemy ) all possible spe$ & vigilance4 ,& !n1 too1 y ?9k t ! cavalry ought to look out especially = y\r left flank4 ,y\r second brigade %\ld />t out at t5 m9utes to five ! next morn+4 ,x %\ld g to 8,e0 & %\ld close up (f ! road ne> 8,e10 & %\ld m>* by ! ,b-,d road4 ,?is brigade is to be ! second l9e & x %\ld take up su* a position & be 9 su* a /ate z to hold back any movem5t ( ! enemy :i* %\ld come 9 ?is direction4 ,if x is go+ to be necess>y1 ?is second brigade ought to cov] ! troops ( ! fir/ l9e :o are )draw+4 ,! eng9e] battalion %\ld be ready to m>* out at half pa/ f\r2 x ought to foll[ imm$iately beh9d ! artill]y brigade until ! eng9e] battalion gets some:]e beyond ,tracy4 ,! signal company w be ready to m>* at tw5ty-five m9utes ( five & to foll[ ! battalion ( eng9e]s until ! signal company gets to ! s\!a/ corn] ( ,tracy4 ,! advance %\ld move out 9 ?is way3 ! supply tra9s1 ! ammunition columns1 ! bridge tra91 & ! field hospital w m>* at a qu>t] ( f\r & !y %\ld m>* t[>d ,leav5wor?4 ,!y %\ld g by ! road t runs two miles ea/ ( ,platte ,city ?r\gh #ef & #ed4 ,! field tra9 ( ! fir/ brigade w cle> 8#ae0 at #d o'clock4 ,! field tra9 ( ! second brigade1 ! eng9e] battalion1 ! signal company1 ambulance companies1 & division headqu>t]s1 9 ! ord] nam$1 w move out t[>d #ef at half pa/ five 9 ! morn+4 ,^! tra9s j enum]at$ w foll[ ! division tra9s4 ,! baggage ( ! ?ird brigade1 & ! artill]y brigade w proce$ to ,leav5wor? & w g by ! road :i* runs ?r\gh #ef & #ed4 ,! baggage w g any prescrib$ di/ance z f> z #ej2 dur+ ?is move x w foll[ ! ?ird brigade4 ,y want ,major ,qu9cy to be put 9 *>ge ( all ! division tra9s--9 fact1 y want him to be put 9 *>ge ( all ! tra9s t jo9 8 column1 & y want him to regulate ! m>*4 ,y want messages s5t to y betwe5 five o'clock 9 ! morn+ & ! "t ( ! )drawal ( ! fir/ l9e to ! small or*>d :i* is betwe5 #ac & #ae4 ,aft] t "t y want messages s5t to y at 8#ab40 ,"o section ( y\r artill]y ammunition1 & "o section ( y\r small arms ammunition are to be at a po9t betwe5 #ej & #eb at six o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,all ! o!r sections ( ! ammunition column w be on ! road betwe5 ,alex&] & 8#ej0 aft] "o o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,! ambulance companies w m>* at #e3cj a4 m41 & p>k by ! road ne> 8,b40 ,! road =k at 8#ad0 w be ! collect+ /ation = ! slightly w\nd$4 ,! artill]y brigade w get into position z foll[s3 "o regim5t ab\t "o mile nor? ( 8#ae10 ! o!r some:]e ne> a mile nor? on ! road #a1ajj y>ds nor?we/ ( #ac4 ,! artill]y comm& %\ld op5 fire z soon z ! enemy is se5 any:]e1 or1 9 any /r5g?1 at any "t4 7#f7 ,,pursuit ,,ord] #e4--,y are ,major ,g5]al ,j]vey 9 comm& ( ! #ab? division #f? corps4 ,y h j defeat$ ! enemy1 & y h defeat$ him s badly t he is retreat+ 9 great disord] 9 ! direction ( ,gettysburg4 ,y are ne> ,ca%t[n :5 y issue y\r #ab? field ord] ( ! campaign4 ,x is tw5ty m9utes to f\r 9 ! aft]noon1 ,june #ab1 #aibe1 :5 y issue to y\r brigade comm&]s1 & to ,lt4 ,col4 ,miles1 ,colonel ,=se1 ,major ,good1 & ,capta9 ,h>r[ copies ( y\r ord]4 ,y decide to pursue ! enemy )\t any delay4 ,y want y\r second brigade1 :i* is n[ )\t ! #f? infantry :i* ord9>ily belongs to t brigade1 to re=m itself1 & y want ! second brigade at half pa/ f\r to foll[ ! ?ird brigade 9 ! g5]al direction ( ,gettysburg4 ,! ?ird brigade1 :i* is "u ! comm& ( ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,dunn1 y ?9k ought to advance at once4 ,y are go+ to re5=ce x1 h[ev]1 ) ! second infantry1 ! second field artill]y1 & ! fir/ cavalry4 ,! ?ird brigade ought1 by all reasonable surmise1 to drive ! enemy inside ( ,gettysburg or ev5 beyond ,gettysburg4 ,aft] ! ?ird brigade ) ?is re5=cem5t has done s1 x ought to seize ! :ole ( ! ,mc,pherson ,ridge & hold x4 ,two companies f ! second brigade ought to be detail$ to report to ! division surgeon !re4 ,!y %\ld assi/ him 9 polic+ all ! field4 ,y are go+ to be at ,sev5 ,/>s z soon z y c get !re & y are go+ to />t at five o'clock4 ,all b "o squadron ( ! fir/ cavalry w move out by ! nor? ( ,gettysburg4 ,y plan t x %all be ! fir/ cavalry's object to int]rupt communication & delay traffic on ! railroad !re1 & !n x ought to reconnoit] 9 ! g5]al direction ( ! ea/4 ,! fir/ brigade y ?9k ought to foll[ ! fir/ field artill]y4 ,! fir/ brigade y figure %\ld select two companies f its organization & detail !m to report to ! division surgeon4 ,^? two companies %\ld assi/ 9 polic+ all ! battle-field4 ,! fir/ field artill]y w foll[ ! second brigade3 ?is regim5t %\ld detail an (fic] & ?irty m51 & ?is (fic] & ?irty m5 ought to d ! same ?+ z ! two companies f ! fir/ brigade 7 detail$ to d4 ,! division w h entire *>ge ( ! polic+ ( ! field4 ,a field hospital ought to be e/abli%$ at ,ca%t[n4 ,c>s w be available = ! division surgeon by five o'clock at ,ortanna4 ,! evacuation ( ! w\nd$1 !re=e1 %\ld be ?r\gh ,ortanna4 ,! :ole ( ! fir/ battalion ( eng9e]s w report to ! division surgeon & g "u 8 ord]s4 7#g7 ,,halt ,,ord] #f4--,y are ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,%ort2 y are 9 comm& ( a deta*m5t f ! fir/ division4 ,y h j decid$ t y\r :ole comm& %\ld g into camp = ! :ole night4 ,y\r comm& is at ,bonnyville4 ,y want to let y\r troops "k t y\r cavalry has come 9 contact ) ho/ile cavalry1 & t ?is attack 0 made ne> ,:itehall4 ,ab\t an h\r aft] ! issue ( y\r message y\r cavalry drove back ! ho/ile cavalry t[>d ,little/[n4 ,y want ! second infantry to camp 9 a field s\?we/ ( ! t[n 9 :i* y\r division is n[ locat$4 ,y want y\r fir/ battalion ( y\r f\r? artill]y to camp 9 a field nor?we/ ( ! same t[n4 ,y und]/& f a patrol :i* has j report$ to y1 t at noon a column ( ! enemy 0 on ! m>* go+ we/1 & t at t "t ! advance gu>d ( ?is column ( ! enemy 0 at ,c5t] ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,y decide to place ! fir/ infantry 9 a camp nor?we/ ( ,sweet ,home ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,!re ?is fir/ infantry is to e/abli% an outpo/4 ,! outpo/ is to ext5d f ,hill #fbg on ! nor?1 along ?r\gh ,/4 ,luke's ,*ur* up into a place call$ ,co%un4 ,y want to notify ! fir/ infantry ( y\r comm&1 t 9 case x is attack$1 ! l9e :i* has j be5 designat$ w be ! "o to be held4 ,y\r ?ird infantry y want to h camp 9 a field nor? ( ! t[n 9 :i* y are4 ,y want y\r field tra9s to jo9 _! organizations2 t is1 ! organization to :i* !y ord9>ily belong1 & y want ?is done "r away4 ,y y\rself at y\r own headqu>t]s are go+ to camp :]e ! ma9 /reet comes out ( ! we/]n end ( ?is t[n at :i* y are locat$4 ,at "o o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ( ,june #b1 #aicj1 y deliv] ?is ord] v]bally to y\r advance gu>d comm&]1 to all y\r columns ( infantry1 to y\r artill]y comm&]1 & all y\r /aff2 y s5d "o ( y\r aides ) a copy ( ! ord] to ,major ,kl9e ( ! fif? cavalry1 ,capta9 ,quigley :o is 9 *>ge ( ! tra91 & to ,capta9 ,supple ( ! signal corps4 ,?is is ! #g? field ord] y h writt5 9 ?is campaign4 ,signal ,company ,a is to be camp$ we/ ( ! second infantry1 & ! fir/ ambulance company is to be ne> ! signal company4 ,all ! ammunition companies are to be camp$ ne> ! f>m h\se call$ ,lawr5ce4 ,! fir/ squadron ( ! #e? cavalry ought1 y figure1 to camp some:]e ne> & we/ ( ! artill]y4 #g4--,! enemy has be5 retreat+2 he is cont9u+ 8 retreat4 ,y\r troops "k t he has be5 retreat+1 b !y d n "k t he is cont9u+ 8 retreat4 ,9 fact1 he is retreat+ 9 great disord]4 ,he is retreat+ 9 su* great disord] t he is (f]+ no %[ ( resi/ance to any ( y\r troops :o are pursu+ him4 ,y are ,major ,g5]al ,plight 9 comm& ( ! fir/ division ( ! fir/ army corps4 ,y are on ! ,baltimore ,turnpike ne> ,:ite ,run4 ,y decide to h y\r advance gu>d camp nor? ( ,two ,tav]ns & to e/abli% an outpo/ l9e4 ,!y are to h a l9e ( obs]vation & keep on ! al]t on t l9e ( obs]vation :i* w ext5d f ,bonnyville ?r\gh ,g]mant[n to ! cross-roads at #efh4 ,! fir/ brigade w come betwe5 ! two bran*es ( ,:ite ,run1 :i* are nor? ( ! road j m5tion$4 ,! artill]y brigade1 ) "o battalion gone1 w camp along ! road :i* runs ?r\gh ! we/]n bran* ( ,:ite ,run4 ,! ambulance companies1 y figure1 %\ld camp s\? on ! road j m5tion$ & we/ ( ,:ite ,run4 ,y\r division headqu>t]s y decide to h plac$ we/ ( ! f>m h\se4 ,?is f>m h\se is locat$ we/ ( :]e ! road y are on crosses ov] ,rock ,creek4 ,y wi% to tell y\r comm& t ord]s w be issu$ f ^! headqu>t]s at n9e o'clock4 ,y\r :ole comm&1 y decide1 %\ld halt = ! :ole night4 ,y\r second brigade %\ld camp j nor? ( ! road :]e y are locat$1 & j we/ ( a road kn[n by ! "n ( ,l[ ,dut*4 ,?is #b;d brigade %\ld h a deta*$ po/ :i* x w detail = outpo/ duty4 ,su* a po/ %\ld be 9 obs]vation ( ! cross-roads at #ecj4 ,?is cross-roads is j we/ ( ! ,mt4 ,v]non ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,! eng9e] battalion %\ld camp s\? ( ! road y are on & ea/ ( ,:ite ,run4 ,! signal company %\ld camp at a spot :]e ! road y are on goes across ,rock ,creek4 ,y want ! signal company to lay a wire f !re to ! outpo/1 & y want ! signal company to h a /ation on ?is wire or l9e at a place indicat$ by #dhi4 ,y want y\r outpo/ to "k t if !y are attack$ !y w be support$ by y4 ,y give copies ( ?is ord] to ! (fic]s :o are s5t f ! v>i\s comm&s to get ! ord]s4 ,y issue ! ord] at a qu>t] aft] two 9 ! aft]noon ( ,june #b1 #aice4 ,!y are ! #gg? field ord]s y h issu$ 9 ?is campaign4 ,y\r field tra9s ought to jo9 _! comm&s "r (f4 ,y want ! rema9+ tra9s to g into p>k on ! ma9 battle-field ( ,gettysburg4 ,y decide t issues ( supplies w be be/ made f ! supply column & t ^! issues %\ld be made at half pa/ five 9 ! morn+4 ,! place y decide f :i* su* issues %\ld be made is #ebc4 ,y\r supply wagons1 :i* h be5 empti$1 ought to proce$ to ,ortanna = ! night4 ,!re !y %\ld fill up ) supplies & come back & jo9 e>ly ! next day4 7#h7 ,,! ,,outpo/ ,,ord] #h4--,y are ,colonel ,fluke ( ! #ii? infantry1 & y are locat$ ne> ,bonnyville4 ,y decide to e/abli% an outpo/1 & y decide t y\r regim5t %\ld g into camp 9 ! vic9ity ( ,sweet ,home ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,! outpo/ %\ld ext5d f ,hill #fbg at ! nor!rn extremity1 & !n g on ?r\gh ,/4 ,luke's ,*ur*1 & %\ld ext5d to ! "r =k at #ehg at its s\!rn extremity4 ,?is road =k at #ehg is s\? ( ! ,co%un place4 ,y want ! l9e ( support to be held if y are attack$4 ,y\r l9e ( support w be at "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 & five1 9 ord]4 ,y\r support ,no4 #a w take a position ne> ! road =k at #ehg1 ab\t a mile s\?we/ ( ,bonnyville4 ,?is support w cov] ! sector f ! /ream on ! we/ to ! fir/ /ream on its ea/ bo? inclusive4 ,frequ5t patrols w be made to ! ,baltimore ,turnpike4 ,y issue ?is1 y\r fir/ field ord]1 at half pa/ "o on ! aft]noon ( ,june #b1 #aiej4 ,y deliv] ?is ord] 9 p]son by read+ x aft] y h assembl$ all y\r field (fic]s1 y\r /aff (fic]s1 & y\r company comm&]s4 ,y decide t y w be at ! ,sweet ,home ,s*ool ,h\se dur+ ! cont9uation ( ! outpo/4 ,y\r cavalry on ?is v day came 9 contact ) "s cavalry ( ! enemy4 ,ab\t noon at ,:itehall ?is occurr5ce took place4 ,!re y\r cavalry drove back ! enemy's cavalry t[>d ,little/[n4 ,f reliable patrols y get a report t at noon1 ! v same "t t ?is occurr5ce took place1 a l>ge column ( ! enemy 0 se5 to be com+ we/4 ,! head ( ! advance gu>d ( ?is platoon ( ! enemy 0 !n at ,c5t] ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,y\r ,support ,no4 #a1 9 comm& ( ,capta9 ,l9k1 w consi/ ( ,company ,g & f\r m\nt$ sc\ts4 ,support ,no4 #c1 y decide to g into a position ne> ,/4 ,luke's ,*ur*4 ,x ought to be responsible = ! sector ( gr\nd :i* y designate to ext5d f ! /ream ab\t #ejj y>ds s\? ( ,/4 ,luke's ,*ur*1 on to a f>m h\se #a1jjj y>ds nor!a/ f a po9t #ejj y>ds s\? ( ,/4 ,luke's ,*ur*4 ,y wi% to include bo? ^! extremities 9 ! sector ( ,support ,no4 #c4 ,support ,no4 #c ought to patrol ! road :i* runs pa/ ,:itehall ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,! res]ve ought to camp ne> ! ,sweet ,home ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,support ,no4 #e %\ld take a position on ! nor? slope ,hill #fbg2 ! duty ( ,support ,no4 #e ought to consi/ ( connect+ ) ,support ,no4 #c1 & ( cov]+ by _! obs]vations ! road =ks ( #fja & #eih4 ,support ,no4 #e w consi/ ( #b;d ,lieut4 ,pr9ce & ! fir/ section ( ,company ,i4 ,support ,no4 #d %\ld g & take a position at a po9t on ! ,hanov] road4 ,?is po9t is ! place :]e ! ,hanov] road jo9s ) ! ,bihl f>m road4 ,support ,no4 #d w cov] ! gr\nd ar\nd ,support ,no4 #c1 & ! road =k at #eig4 ,?is road =k is nor? ( ,squ>e ,corn]s4 ,support ,no4 #d w include 9 its obs]vations ! po9ts m5tion$ z ! extremities ( ?is section4 ,support ,no4 #b %\ld take a position some:]e ne> ! road =k ( #fag2 ?is road =k is j ab\t a mile & a qu>t] s\? ( ! camp :]e y are4 ,support ,no4 #b %\ld cov] ! t]ritory :i* is includ$ 9 ! gr\nd ar\nd ! /ream1 :i* is we/ on ! road = #fag1 to a po9t #ejj y>ds ea/ ( ?is road =k4 ,! res]ve %\ld consi/ ( ! fir/ infantry1 ( :i* five companies w already h be5 tak5 out1 & also f\rte5 sc\ts4 ,y want ! wagons ( ! field tra9s to g ahead "r away & jo9 ! organizations to :i* !y ord9>ily belong4 ,support ,no4 #c is to be "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,nutt1 & is to consi/ ( ,company ,h & six m\nt$ sc\ts4 ,^? wagons ( ! field tra9s1 :i* belong to ! companies 9 support1 w jo9 ! wagons ( ! regim5tal headqu>t]s2 !y w d ?is by eight o'clock 9 ! ev5+4 ,support ,no4 #c1 "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,nelson1 w consi/ ( ,company ,i1 except+ ! fir/ section1 & two m\nt$ ord]lies4 ,support ,no4 #b1 "u ! comm& ( ,major ,k+1 w consi/ ( ! second battalion1 all except ,companies ,g & ,h & w also consi/ ( f\r m\nt$ sc\ts4 ,y want to tell y\r troops t y\r brigade to :i* y\r regim5t belongs is ab\t to g into camp 9 ! vic9ity ( ,bonnyville4 ,,m>* ,,ord]s ,,) ,,advance ,,& ,,re> ,,gu>d #i4--,on ! #d? ( ,septemb]1 #aief1 y are ,major ,britton4 ,y are 9 comm& ( ! f\r? division ( ! #ai? army corps & y are ab\t to issue an ord] :i* w keep y\r division on ! m>* on ! next morn+2 y h be5 m>*+4 ,at #aj o'clock at night y issue y\r ord] ne> ,abbott/[n1 /at+ t y y\rself are go+ to be at ! head ( y\r ma9 body4 ,y feel t y %\ld m>* 9 ! g5]al direction ( ,york on ! next day4 ,y\r ma9 body 9 ?is ord] ( m>* w consi/ ( ! fir/ infantry1 ( ! second battalion ( ! #h? field artill]y1 ( ! ?ird brigade1 ( signal company 8,d10 & ( ! f\r ambulance companies4 ,y\r ma9 body %\ld move out s z to come along beh9d ! advance gu>d1 s t ! tail ( ! advance gu>d w be #a1jjj y>ds ahead ( ! head ( ! ma9 body itself4 ,wagon tra9s %\ld move out s t !y 9 turn w come along beh9d ! ma9 body1 s t ! head ( ! lead horses w be #a1jjj y>ds beh9d ! tail ( ! ma9 body4 ,y are 9 su* a position betwe5 two l>ge =ces ( ! enemy t y mu/ h a re> gu>d4 ,?is re> gu>d w be 9 comm& ( ,major ,g5]al ,huff4 ,x w consi/ ( ! fir/ cavalry division1 ( ! second brigade1 ( ! #g? field artill]y1 ( ! #d? battalion ( eng9e]s1 & ( ! #a/1 #b;d1 & #c;d ambulance companies4 ,y he> t ! enemy has probably be5 re5=c$ & t ?is re5=cem5t probably consi/s ( a brigade ( cavalry4 ,y also he>1 j :5 y issue ?is1 y\r #g? field ord] ( ! campaign1 t !re are "s ho/ile infantrym5 ne> ,york1 say1 ab\t a brigade4 ,! re> gu>d1 y figure1 ought inde$ to keep ! enemy 9 *eck4 ,a re> gu>d ( ?is nature ought to resi/ any advancem5t on ! "p ( ! enemy until y\r advance gu>d c op5 a road ?r\gh ,york4 ,! fir/ cavalry division1 y h k1 is biv\ack+ ne> :]e y are4 ,x has1 inde$1 report$ = duty 9 connection ) ! "w ( ! division4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! idea ( ! la/ two *apt]s has be5 to put a jumbl$ milit>y decision into good work+ =m4 ,! object has n be5 to solve tactical problems1 b r to put ! ideas correctly express$ into _! logical places4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,v]bal ,,field ,,ord] 8,! initial combat ord]s ( a division are almo/ inv>iably writt52 ^? ( ! brigade are g5]ally s4 ,! writt5 ord] is pref]able & is us$ :]ev] "t p]mits4 ,subsequ5t ord]s are likewise writt5 ei!r z field ord]s or messages40#ad ,9 *apt]s ,,vii & ,,viii we actually practic$ ! expression ( ! field ord]s = ! high] units4 ,we illu/rat$ to ourselves h[ difficult x 0 to express disord]$ & /raggl+ ?\ghts 9 ! mo/ direct way4 ,we did ?is "w = two purposes3 fir/1 to ga9 facility 9 deal+ ) language1 & second1 to g ?r\gh ) a "p ( ! m5tal process dem&$ ( comm&]s 9 ! field4 ,we %\ld h f\nd out h[ p]plex+ x is to put ! new-born decision into =m4 ,we n[ progress 9 our developm5t to a m difficult p]=mance4 ,we are go+ to disc>d our p5cil4 ,j z we took up ! practice ( speak+ a field message aft] we _h be5 drill$ 9 writ+ x1 s "h we are go+ to le>n to dictate ! field ord] aft] we h be5 s*ool$ 9 compos+ x4 8,! initial combat ord]s ( regim5ts & small] units are giv5 v]bally4 ,= ?is purpose ! subord9ates = :om ! ord]s are int5d$ are assembl$1 if practicable1 at a place f :i* ! situation & plan c be expla9$4 ,subsequ5t ord]s are v]bal or are 9 ! =m ( v]bal or writt5 messages40#ae ,! v]bal field ord]1 !n1 may be divid$ into two classes3 7#a7 ,! initial combat ord]4 7#b7 ,! subsequ5t ord]1 9 ! =m ( a field message4 ,numb] #a foll[s implicitly ! sequ5ce ( ! body ( ! writt5 field ord]4 ,numb] #b foll[s ! =m ( ! writt5 or v]bal message4 ,:at really happ5s 9 action is ?is4 ,a regim5t or battalion comm&]1 aft] he has arriv$ at a decision by way ( 8 e/imate ( a situation1 assembles 8 subord9ate (fic]s4 ,he recites to !m 8 ord]4 ,he po9ts out on ! map & on ! gr\nd ! v>i\s places to :i* he ref]s 9 8 ord]4 ,he gives an opportunity1 :5 he has f9i%$1 = 8 (fic]s to ask que/ions4 ,he !n dismisses !m4 ,! ask+ ( que/ions is delay+4 ,x m>s effici5cy2 & x po9ts ei!r to faulty expression on ! "p ( ! comm&] or to inatt5tion on ! "p ( 8 audi5ce4 ,aft] ! subord9ates h return$ to _! comm&s & h set out ^u ! accompli%m5t ( ! mission1 x is ( c\rse impossible to reassemble !m dur+ ! progress ( ! engagem5t4 ,(t51 too1 ! colonel or major desires to issue in/ructions to b "o or two (fic]s ( ! comm& at a "t4 ,numb] #b1 !re=e1 becomes ! natural means ( communication until ! conflict is ov] or ! situation is pass$4 ,:5 a new situation arises ! comm&] assembles 8 (fic]s z be=e1 & ! proc$ure ?r\gh\t is repeat$4 ,let u suppose1 n[1 t a colonel1 fac$ ) a new or *ang$ situation1 wi%es to make 8 w kn[n to 8 subord9ates4 ,:5 8 (fic]s are assembl$ he speaks z foll[s3 8,x is reliably report$ t two battalions ( ! enemy are entr5*+ on t hill 7he po9ts out ! hill7 "o mile to ! s\!a/ ( "h4 ,_! position ext5ds f ! ,jordan ,riv] to ! ,well+ton ,road1 bo? inclusive4 ,our ma9 body is at ,t>ryt[n4 7,he po9ts t[>d ,t>ryt[n bo? on ! gr\nd & map47 ,we w attack at once envelop+ ! enemy's left4 ,! ,fir/ ,battalion w attack ! ho/ile tr5*es f ! ,jordan ,riv]1 exclusive1 to ! ,d>l+ton ,h\se1 exclusive4 ,! ,second ,battalion w attack ! ho/ile tr5*es f ! ,d>l+ton ,h\se1 inclusive1 to ! we/1 & w envelop ! enemy's "r4 ,! ,?ird ,battalion & ma*9e gun companies1 9 res]ve1 w foll[ ! ,second ,battalion4 ,ambulances & combat wagons w assemble at ,ma9 ,/ation4 ,battalions w ma9ta9 semaphore communications ) ! res]ve :]e ,i %all be40 ,! ,regim5tal ,adjutant writes d[n ?is ord] imm$iately aft] its issue1 gives x its prop] head+ & end+1 & files x away4 ,x ?us becomes a writt5 field ord] & a "p ( ! records ( ! regim5t4 ,copies ( x are s5t to high] comm&]s4 ,let u imag9e t ! attack is well "u way1 & t ! regim5t is hold+ its own1 b is n progress+ z x %\ld4 ,! colonel decides to increase ! size ( ! envelop+ body4 ,he !re=e calls a /aff (fic] to him & says3 8,g ov] to ,major ,swift1 9 comm& ( ! ?ird battalion1 & tell him to s5d ,k & ,l ,companies to ext5d our "r4 ,repeat40 ,! /aff (fic] replies1--8,i am to g to ,major ,swift1 9 comm& ( ! ?ird battalion & am to say to him t ! ,regim5tal ,comm&] directs him to h ,k & ,l ,companies ext5d ! "r ( our l9e40 ,we mu/ notice t ! initial field ord]1 :5 spok51 has exactly ! same arrangem5t & brevity ( expression z :5 writt54 ,( c\rse1 ! head+ & end+ are omitt$4 ,b ! di/ribution ( troops1 if necess>y = small units1 w\ld foll[ :at w\ld be p>agraph #b 9 a writt5 ord]4 ,! relation :i* exi/s betwe5 ! v]bal & writt5 message holds true 9 pr9ciple = ! field ord]4 ,9 ! foll[+ problems read ov] ! matt] sev]al times4 ,put x 9 ord]ly arrangem5t 9 y\r m9d be=e y speak4 ,!n utt] x 9 ! mo/ brief & unmi/akable =m4 ,cautions4--7#a7 ,only oral solutions w prove valuable 9 work+ ^! problems4 ,! /ud5t %\ld make only su* notes z w enable him to c>ry ! problem 9 8 m9d4 ,prop] notes w\ld include ! organizations1 _! pres5t situations1 etc4--?+s :i* an actual comm&] w\ld "k z a matt] ( c\rse4 7#b7 ,once begun on ! ord]1 ! /ud5t %\ld pay no he$ to a false />t1 b %\ld cont9ue to ! end4 ,x is bett] to remake ! entire ord]1 ?an to pat* ! faults4 ,he %\ld n p]mit himself to *ange a previ\s /atem5t1 beg9 a new s5t5ce 9 ! mid/ ( an unf9i%$ "o1 or hesitate unreasonably4 ,he mu/ take c>e n only to express ! matt] 9 prop] =m1 b also to enunciate s di/9ctly t any "o )9 he>+ may und]/& him4 ,int5tional rhetorical errors w be f\nd 9 ! problems :i* foll[4 ,wat* = !m4 ,,problems ,,9 ,,! ,,v]bal ,,field ,,ord] #a4--,y are ,colonel ,foote1 halt$ ) y\r regim5t 9 ,gold5ville4 ,y h previ\sly s5t out ,lieut5ant ,lask] t[>d ,gettysburg = in=mation4 ,he has j s5t y a message4 ,y h made up y\r m9d f ! facts 9 8 message t y w m>* s\? at once & t y w m>* 9 ! direction ( ,gettysburg4 ,y desire ! fir/ battalion & ! ,ma*9e ,gun ,company to be ! ,advance ,gu>d = y\r regim5t4 ,! rema9d] ( ! regim5t w foll[ ! fir/ battalion 9 ord] z foll[s3 second battalion1 ?ird battalion1 b&1 & ambulances4 ,! field tra9s are n to move out b are to /ay beh9d until !y get ord]s f y4 ,!y are to rema9 at ,texas4 ,! message f ,lieut5ant ,lask] /at$ t ab\t a regim5t ( ! enemy 0 ?r[+ up intr5*m5ts nor? ( ,p5n ,college4 ,! message also /at$ t ab\t half ( ! regim5t ( ! enemy consi/$ ( recruits4 ,y want ! ma9 body ( y\r regim5t to foll[ ! tail ( ! ,advance ,gu>d s t !re w be a di/ance ( a half mile betwe5 ! tail ( ! ,advance ,gu>d & ! head ( ! ma9 body4 ,y want to notify y\r troops :]e ! ,regim5tal ,headqu>t]s w m>* s t ! troops w "k :]e to s5d messages4 ,y decide to h ! ,headqu>t]s m>* betwe5 ! ,advance ,gu>d & ! ma9 body4 ,! ,advance ,gu>d is to m>* at once & x is to proce$ s\? by way ( ! ,hamilton ,f>m & ! ,boyd ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,y assemble y\r majors1 _! /affs & y\r /aff1 & y issue v]bally ! decision :i* y h j made4 ,y issue x 9 ! %ape ( a v]bal ord]4 #b4--,y are ,major ,black 9 comm& ( ! ,advance ,gu>d m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ problem4 ,x is n[ y\r mission1 ( c\rse1 to =m ! advance gu>d & to tell y\r capta9s t y are go+ to d s1 & t y are go+ to be re9=c$ by ! ma*9e gun company4 ,y ought also to tell !m j :]e y\r regim5t is go+ to m>*4 ,y want ,companies ,c & ,d & ! ma*9e gun company to m>* 9 ! ord] m5tion$1 & !y are to foll[ ,company ,b z soon z t company has got its di/ance4 ,company ,c w be ! company :i* is to regulate ! pace4 ,company ,a is to g out & act z a left flank gu>d4 ,x is to move by way ( ! ea/]n bran* ( ! ,c>lisle ,road :ile x is on ?is duty4 ,y ought also to let y\r capta9s "k all ! in=mation ab\t ! enemy :i* has be5 giv5 to y by y\r colonel4 ,y want ,company ,b to be ! advance p>ty2 y want x to g ahead ( ! rema9d] ( ! battalion s t !re w be f\r hundr$ y>ds di/ance betwe5 x & ! ma9 body4 ,y want to atta* ,lieut5ant ,kay1 ! ,battalion ,adjutant1 & 8 ord]ly1 to ,company ,b4 ,y want to direct ! m>* ( ! advance p>ty s t x w "k :]e x is to g4 ,y decide t x %all g by ! railroad to ! ,c>lisle ,road1 & !n by ! ,/ock ,f>m1 & on d[n to ! ,boyd ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,y are go+ to be "r beh9d ! advance on ! m>*4 ,y want ! combat wagons to move out "r away1 & y want !m to g by ! cross-roads :i* is "o-qu>t] ( a mile we/ ( ,gold5ville1 & !n s\? on ! ,c>lisle ,road1 & f9ally1 to jo9 ! tail ( ,company ,d :]e ! railroad crosses ! road4 #c4--,y are ! ,company ,comm&] ( ,company ,a ( ! prec$+ problem4 ,y call y\r (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s toge!r & y give !m a v]bal ord]4 ,y tell !m t y\r company is to m>* z ! flank gu>d ( ! battalion to :i* y belong1 & y tell !m t ! enemy possibly has ab\t a regim5t 9 ,gettysburg2 at lea/1 t is ! belief ( ! ,regim5tal ,comm&]4 ,y\r regim5t is on its way to ,gettysburg4 ,! ,fir/ ,battalion & ! ma*9e gun company is go+ z ! advance gu>d4 ,y want to let y\r comm& "k t all ( ! battalion1 except y\rselves is leav+ on ! road to ! we/4 ,y want ,lieut5ant ,johnson1 ! ,second ,lieut5ant ( y\r company1 & ! ,f\r? ,platoon1 to act z ! advance gu>d to ! flank gu>d1 :i* is ! duty on :i* ! company is act+4 ,y want ?is platoon to m>* by ! c\ntry road ea/ ( ! knoll m>k$ #fea1 & !n y want x to m>* along ! ea/ bran* ( ! ,c>lisle ,road4 ,! di/ance y decide ^u = ! advance gu>d to be 9 front ( ! ma9 body is #ejj y>ds4 #d4--,y are ,major ,simpson1 & y are halt$ ) y\r battalion at ! cross-roads #fba1 ne> ,gold5ville4 ,y\r mission is1 ) y\r battalion1 to act z outpo/ dur+ ! com+ night = y\r regim5t2 y h ! ma*9e gun company atta*$ to y4 ,y are op]at+ t[>d ! s\?4 ,y want company ,c & "o ( ! platoons ( ! ma*9e gun company to take /ation on ! ridge nor? ( ! po9t :]e y are4 ,?is ridge has ! figure #gjg on x4 ,x %all be ! duty ( ?is deta*m5t to secure t sector betwe5 ,gold5ville & ,five ,=ks1 j a little (f ! map1 ab\t #a1ejj y>ds we/ ( ! ,c>lisle ,road4 ,y want ,company ,c to e/abli% communication ) ,texas by signals on ?is hill1 :]e !y are to be locat$4 ,if y are go+ to be attack$ on t hill1 in/ead ( fall+ back1 y want !m to hold ! ridge4 ,y want a platoon ( ,company ,c to be s5t ov] to ,hamilton ,f>m to act z a picket !re4 ,y h receiv$ reports f ,lieut5ant ,f9ley ( y\r comm& t !re are no deta*m5ts ( ! enemy or patrols :i* h come nor? ( ! ,/ock ,f>m at any "t4 ,y want to tell y\r capta9s t ! rema9d] ( ! outpo/ is go+ into camp at ,texas1 & t ! regim5t itself is mov+ into camp j nor? ( ! ,conewago4 ,y want ! rations & baggage ( ,company ,c to be s5t up to ! company1 b y want ! wagons to be return$ imm$iately aft] !y h be5 !re1 to ,texas = ! night4 #e4--,y are 9 comm& ( ,company ,c :i* 0 to g to ,hill #gjg 9 ! prec$+ problem4 ,y want to notify y\r company :at y are go+ to d2 9 o!r words1 y want to deliv] to !m v]bally y\r field ord]4 ,= ?is purpose y assemble y\r (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s & ! lieut5ant :o is 9 *>ge ( ! ma*9e gun4 ,y /ate t ! outgu>ds w be po/$ z foll[s3 ,corporal ,br[n+1 ) 8 squad z ,no4 #a1 is to be po/$ at ! ,five ,=ks #fgi1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile we/ ( :]e y are2 ,corporal ,m>t91 ) 8 squad z ,no4 #c1 is to be po/$ at ! road-=k numb]$ #fba1 :i* is on ! ,c>lisle ,road2 ,corporal ,d5ton1 ) ,privates ,noonan1 ,ogd51 & ,pr9ce w g z ,no4 #d4 ,8 po/ w be po/$ at ! railroad cross+ 9 ,gold5ville4 ,y1 z ,company ,comm&]1 deliv] ! in=mation ab\t ! enemy :i* has be5 receiv$ ?r\gh y\r major4 ,corporal ,calh\n1 ) ,johnson1 ,kelly1 & ,la?am are to g z ,no4 #b1 & !y are to be po/$ at ! cross-roads #fdh1 :i* is #ejj y>ds we/ ( ! po9t :]e y are locat$--,gold5ville4 ,y /ate t ?is company & t a platoon ( ma*9e guns is to take /ation on ! ridge to ! nor? ( ! road on :i* y are locat$1 & is to g z support to ! outpo/4 ,lieut5ant ,hask9s w take ! #d? platoon & w proce$ z a picket d[n to ! ,hamilton ,f>m4 ,?is f>m is a mile & a qu>t] s\? ( "h on ! ,c>lisle ,road4 ,lieut5ant ,hask9s is to get "s sort ( flag communication ) ,hill #gjg4 ,he is also to s5d small patrols d[n z f> s\? z ,boyd's ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,corporal ,rob]ts w g to ! top ( ,hill #gjg2 he w take f\r signal]s ) him4 ,he w get 9 communication ) ,texas & keep 9 communication4 ,he w d ! same = ea* "o ( ! outgu>ds & he w also d ! same = ,lieut5ant ,hask9s' picket4 #f4--,y are ,major ,p]k9s & y are 9 comm& ( a squadron ( cavalry4 ,y are betwe5 ,gold5ville & ! bottom ( ! map4 ,y receive ^w t ! enemy is some:]e to ! nor?1 & y get messages f y\r comm&+ (fic] /at+ t y are to g z indep5d5t cavalry = y\r brigade4 ,reports also come 9 to y t ! enemy1 :i* consi/s ( ab\t #a1jjj m51 is occupy+ ,c>lisle4 ,y h assembl$ y\r capta9s1 & y /ate to !m t ,troop ,a w make up ! ,advance ,gu>d4 ,y /ate also1 t x w keep a small patrol ab\t two or ?ree miles to ! front 9 ! direction 9 :i* x is go+4 ,y tell ,troop ,a1 also1 t its av]age rate ( spe$ %\ld be ab\t f\r miles p] h\r1 & t ?is rate includes halts4 ,y "k t y\r ma9 body is go+ to m>* at #f o'clock ! next morn+ 9 ! direction ( ,c>lisle & y "k t x is only go+ to advance #ae miles on t day4 ,y "k1 also1 t x is go+ by ! ,gettysburg--,table ,rock--,c5t] ,mills--,c>lisle ,road4 ,y want y\r ma9 body to foll[ ! advance gu>d1 :i* y h already m5tion$1 s t !re w be a di/ance betwe5 ! advance gu>d & ! ma9 body ( ab\t a mile4 ,! ma9 body is to m>* f front to re>--,troops ,b1 ,c1 & ,d4 ,y wi% to in=m ev]ybody pres5t t ,lieut5ant ,butl] & ,sgt4 ,clif=d are out ) patrols & t ^! patrols are v f> out to ! flank ( ! l9e ( m>*4 ,y decide to ride 9 ?is m>* ( ! indep5d5t cavalry ne> ! head ( ! ma9 body4 ,y want y\r (fic]s to "k t bo? ( ! patrols :i* y h j m5tion$ are go+ to s5d reports to y1 & t ^! reports %\ld arrive at ! squadron :5 ! ma9 body is ab\t two miles nor? ( ! ,conewago4 ,y desire :eel transportation ( all k9ds to jo9 ! advance ( ! ma9 body ( infantry back ne> ,gettysburg4 #g4--,y are ,capta9 ,small 9 comm& ( ,troop ,a ( ! prec$+ problem4 ,y are to con/itute1 z y rememb]1 ! advance gu>d ( ! squadron ( indep5d5t cavalry4 ,y wi% to tell y\r (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s1 :om y h assembl$1 t ,lieut5ant ,butl] & ,sgt4 ,clif=d are out ) patrols1 & y want to give !m ! in=mation y h got f y\r major 9 reg>d to y\r own troops & ! enemy4 ,y want ,corporal ,dill+ham to take f\r m5 & to g ahead ( ! troop4 ,he is to g at a rate ( ab\t six miles p] h\r until ,conewago ,creek is cross$2 aft] t1 he is to g ab\t f\r miles an h\r4 ,:5 he gets ab\t a mile nor? ( ,gettysburg he is to take ! "r-h& road :i* goes ?r\gh ,table ,rock & ,c5t] ,mills4 ,he is to give quick & prompt w>n+ ( ! appe>ance ( any ( ! enemy or ho/ile troops :i* he enc\nt]s4 ,he is also to report promptly any places 9 ! road :i* _c be cross$ by troops or vehicles4 ,9 fact1 he is to report any in=mation :i* w int]f]e ) ! m>* ( ! squadron4 ,y1 z ! capta9 ( ! troop1 are go+ to m>* betwe5 ! advance p>ty & ! support4 #h4--,y are ,major ,adams & y are 9 comm& ( a squadron ( cavalry :i* is m\nt$ & ready = action at ,d-#f4 ,y see a squadron ( ! enemy 9 an op5 field to ! we/1 ab\t #fjj y>ds we/ ( ! woods :]e y are locat$4 ,y see ! guidons m\nt$1 & y see t ! rema9d] ( ! m5 are lead+ _! horses into l9e or are saddl+ up4 ,y note1 also1 ?r\gh y\r glasses1 t ! guidons are fac+ 9 y\r direction4 ,y note1 also1 t ! wagons h left ! camp & h gone ar\nd ! woods j nor?4 ,y call y\r capta9s toge!r & y issue a v]bal ord]--y h decid$ to attack ! ho/ile squadron at once1 & to attack t squadron :ile y are m\nt$4 ,y want ,troops ,d & ,c1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,d5ton1 :o is s5ior to ,capta9 ,clif=d1 to =m ! ma9 attack+ l9e4 ,y want ,capta9 ,d5ton to take advantage ( an op5+ 9 ! woods :i* is ab\t #aej y>ds to y\r front4 ,he is to attack ! enemy 9 close ord]1 m\nt$1 z soon z he has cle>$ ! woods 9 :i* y are all locat$4 ,y give to ! capta9s ! in=mation :i* y h got ?r\gh y\r field glasses4 ,y also /ate t ,capta9 ,bill+s ) 8 troop1 ,troop ,b1 is to g 9 re> ( ,troops ,d & ,c & =m ! support+ l9e1 keep+ a di/ance ( ab\t #aej y>ds1 & at ! same "t he is to look out = ! "r flank4 ,y want ,lieut5ant ,f9k1 :o is ! squadron adjutant1 & :o has se5 ! same ?+s ?r\gh 8 glasses z y h se51 to accompany ,capta9 ,d5ton ) 8 two troops to ! edge ( ! woods1 :]e he is to po9t out to ,capta9 ,d5ton ! enemy's position4 ,y y\rself are go+ to be ) ! res]ve4 ,capta9 ,&rews ) 8 troop1 ,troop ,a1 is to con/itute ! res]ve4 ,capta9 ,&rews ) 8 comm& is to foll[ ! attack+ l9e at a di/ance ( #djj y>ds4 ,he is to e*elon 8 comm& ) ! left flank4 ,y want ! :ole comm& to move out at once4 #i4--,y are ,g5]al ,temple & y are #gjj y>ds nor?we/ ( ,h]mans ) y\r brigade :5 y receive a message f ,lieut5ant ,kl9e1 ,a]oplane ,no4 #g4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is message /ates t ! left ( ! enemy has ext5d$ itself by a battalion f a regim5t :i* is nor?we/ ( #eja cross-roads4 ,he also /ates t !re is ano!r battalion f a regim5t ne> #ejd1 & t ?is battalion is mov+ t[>d ,v>ney4 ,he /ates t !re is a regim5t ( artill]y po/$ on ,oak ,ridge1 & t !re is ano!r regim5t ( artill]y :i* has its "r flank at ! ,/ock ,f>m & its left flank ne> #eca road =k4 ,y assemble y\r regim5tal comm&]s & y\r cavalry comm&]2 also1 y\r artill]y comm&]4 ,y /ate t ! artill]y battalion :i* is ) y is to g into a position ne> :]e y are & t x is to op]ate aga9/ ! artill]y ( ! enemy & ! attack+ infantry ( ! enemy4 ,?is y\r artill]y battalion is to d at fir/1 b lat] x w support y\r attack4 ,! fir/ battalion ( ! fir/ infantry y want to h assign$ z a support to ! artill]y4 ,y want ! fir/ infantry1 m9us its fir/ battalion :i* is go+ to g z support to ! artill]y1 to advance 9 ! direction ( ,h]man's ,f>m ,h\se2 !n x is to deploy & attack4 ,x is to attack s t ! "r ( ! regim5t w pass ?r\gh ! ,j4 ,weav] ,f>m ,h\se4 ,! ?ird infantry is to be ! res]ve2 x w be "u y\r comm& & x w move out & g =w>d to ! ,good ,int5t ,s*ool ,h\se4 ,! fir/ platoon ( ,troop ,a & ! fir/ cavalry w take a position on ! hill :i* is designat$ by ! figures #fea4 ,?is platoon w cov] y\r "r flank & report imm$iately any *anges :i* take place 9 ! disposition ( ! enemy4 ,y\r /ation = ! slightly w\nd$ w be at ,table ,rock4 ,y are go+ to be at ! ,good ,int5t ,s*ool ,h\se1 :]e messages are go+ to rea* y4 ,( c\rse1 y give y\r (fic]s :om y h assembl$1 ! cont5ts ( ! a]oplane message :i* y receiv$4 ,y want ! infantry combat wagons to assemble at ,table ,rock1 & y want !m to g !re aft] all ! troops h cle>$ ! road4 ,y want ! second infantry to get "u cov] f ! enemy & to g t[>d ,hill #ehf2 ?is hill is nor!a/ ( ,v>ney4 ,:5 !y are deploy$ !y w attack s t _! left w pass ?r\gh ,hill #ehf4 #aj4--,major ,qu9cy1 9 *>ge ( ! artill]y battalion ( ! prec$+ problem1 assembles ! capta9s ( 8 batt]ies & issues 8 in/ructions cov]$ by ! foll[+ data3 he wi%es ,batt]ies ,a & ,b to attack ! ho/ile artill]y1 & he wi%es !m to take up a position on ! nor? end ( ! field ne> :]e ! brigade is halt$4 ,he wants ,batt]y ,c to g to ,hill #eib4 ,f t po9t he wants t ,batt]y to attack ! ho/ile infantry4 ,he gives to 8 comm&]s ! in=mation :i* 0 conta9$ 9 ! a]oplane message ( ! prec$+ problem4 ,he also /ates t ! enemy 9 sup]ior =ce is attack+ f ! we/4 ,he po9ts out also t betwe5 #c1jjj & #d1jjj y>ds to ! s\?we/ c be se5 a long l9e ( artill]y ( ! enemy & t ?is artill]y is 9 action4 ,he also /ates t ! fir/ battalion ( ! fir/ infantry1 :i* is n[ m>*+ d[n ! road1 :i* is ! support ( ! artill]y1 w occupy ,hill #eib4 ,batt]y ,a's t>get is to be ! fur!r half ( ! l9e ( ! enemy's guns1 & ,batt]y ,b's t>get is to be ! ne>] half4 ,he /ates to 8 ,batt]y ,comm&]s t he has already m>k$ ! position t !y are to occupy ) _! comm&s1 & he tells !m t !y are to occupy ?is position at once & prep>e = imm$iate action4 ,he tells ,batt]y ,a t ! adjutant w give !m ! fir+ data & !y are to range by volleys4 ,!y are to report to him :5 ready1 & !y are to be on ! al]t & await 8 ord] to comm5ce fir+4 ,he also /ates t ! advance cavalry is on ! ,hill #fea s\? ( ,gold5ville1 & t !y are cov]+ ! "r ( ! l9e4 ,he wi%es to tell 8 batt]y comm&]s t ! infantry is m>*+ 9 a g5]al direction s\?1 & t x is go+ f "h to beg9 an attack aga9/ ! left ( ! enemy4 ,he wi%es to tell !m also t he is to be1 dur+ ! action1 on ! left ( ,batt]y ,a4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,op]ation ,,ord]1 ,,ord]s1 ,,lett]s ,,( ,,in/ruction ,be=e ,augu/1 #aiad1 ! ,op]ation ord] 0 ! ,engli% t]m = our ,field ord]4 ,bo? ord]s _h ! same functions & ab\t ! same =m4 ,at times1 ! t]m op]ation ord] 0 us$ by u to include only battle ord]s1 b on ! :ole1 ! t]ms ,op]ation ord]s & ,field ord]s practically am\nt$ to ,am]ican & ,engli% designations ( ! same ?+4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t w>1 aft] a few weeks ( op5 conflict1 ?is k9d ( fight+ 9 ,france gave way to a va/ siege4 ,! ,engli% f\nd !mselves1 aft] "s cross-c\ntry fight+1 9 ! tr5*es4 ,!re ! op]ation ord] :i* _h provid$ = situations ( m>*1 halt1 biv\ac1 & battle1 0 gradually made ov] to suit ! peculi> ne$s ( def5ses1 raids1 & frontal attacks4 ,! b>rage fire1 bombs1 mort>s1 ma*9e guns1 & intricate l9es ( communication add$ to ! numb] ( details to be consid]$4 ,little by little ! w ( ! comm&] express$ itself 9 su* complet5ess t ! =m] size ( 8 op]ation ord] pass$ all b\nds4 ,x 0 natural1 !n1 t al?\gh ! scope & "* ( ! ,engli% ord] /eadily *ang$1 its "n rema9$ ! same4 ,:5 ! ,am]icans came to take "p 9 ! w>1 ! op]ation ord] _h dur+ ! previ\s ye>s ( /ruggle develop$ out ( all resemblance to its =m] self4 ,x 0 no long] a field ord] z we "k ! t]m4 ,x 0 fully gr[n to meet ! trem5d\s progress ( ,engli% exp]i5ce 9 ! tr5*es4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ! ,am]ican1 f9d+ bo? ! /ate ( siege & ! ord] to cov] x beyond 8 exp]i5ce1 associat$ ! ,engli% "n ) ! novel w>f>e4 ,?us1 today1 ! op]ation ord] is a t]m us$ 9 connection ) ! disposition ( troops on ! battle fronts ( ,europe4 ,we %\ld be> 9 m9d1 !n1 t ! op]ation ord] is no?+ m ?an a field ord] fitt$ to tr5* conditions4 ,we mu/ n ga9 ! idea t x has supplant$ ! ord] :i* goes ) mobile ex]cises on op5 gr\nd4 ,op5 w>f>e began ?is conflict1 & w1 provid$ x be end$ by m>tial victory1 br+ x to a close4 ,op5 w>f>e has be5 ! rule on ! long ,russian1 ,italian1 ,s]bian1 ,turki%1 & ,r\manian fronts4 ,we mu/ n be l$ a/ray 9 our e/imate ( ! proportions because ! front 9 ,france & ,belgium is ! mo/ vital "o to u f a /rategic /&po9t4 ,field ord]s1 :i* are ! accompanim5ts ( op5 w>f>e1 %\ld /ill =m ! l>g] "p ( our /udy4 ,nev]!less1 ! op]ation ord] is ! ord] next 9 importance to ! field ord]4 ,x mu/ be fram$ ) ma!matical precision "u fire4 ,x has ! greate/ concis5ess1 b is n brief4 ,x goes into ! m9ute/ details1 b its details are t]sely put4 ,9 c]ta9 p>ts x is telegraphic l ! field message2 9 o!rs x has complet$ s5t5ces l ^? ( ! field ord]4 ,x has an ord]ly arrangem5t ( p>agraphs & brief & unmi/akable language4 ,if we are able to compose a good field message & ord]1 we %\ld f9d1 aft] we h famili>iz$ ourselves ) ! te*nique ( ! tr5*es1 t ! con/ruction ( ! op]ation ord] w fall naturally into place 9 our m9ds4 ,un=tunately1 we are =bidd5 to place an example ( "o ( our own op]ation ord]s ^u ^! pages4 ,b we may h ! opportunity ( view+ a ,g]man "o1 :i* conta9s ! pr9ciples ( our own4 ,! example giv5 0 issu$ by a regim5tal comm&] = a raid4 ,! action actually took place ne> ,la ,boisselle1 ,april #aa1 #aiaf4 #aaj? ,res]ve ,infantry ,regim5t4 ,9 ! field1 #f? ,april1 #aiaf4 ,,regim5tal ,,ord]s ,,= ,a ,,raid ,,on ,,! ,,spion #a4 ,! raid w probably take place at dusk ! #aa? ( ,april4 #b4 ,organization ( ! raid+ p>ty-- ,9 comm&4--,capta9 ,wag5]1 assi/$ by ,lieut5ant ,bo5+1 ,assi/ant-,surgeon ,wiss]1 "o bugl] & six /ret*] be>]s4 ,patrol comm&]s4--,lieut5ants ,/radtmann1 ,freund1 ,dumas1 & ,bhlefeld4 ,raid+ p>ty4--#ej m5 ( ! #aaj? ,res]ve ,infantry ,regim5t & f\r ,pione]s ( ! #a/ ,res]ve ,company1 #ac? ,pione] ,battalion4 #c4 ,^u ! day fix$1 ! raid+ p>ty w be assembl$ 9 ,dug-outs ,nos4 #a-aj1 on ! "r w+ ( ! left-h& battalion4 ,dug-out ,no4 #i w be us$ z advanc$ regim5tal comm& po/4 ,! assault+ p>ty mu/ n exce$ ?ree (fic]s & #cj m54 ,! rema9+ (fic]s & m5 w be at ,capta9 ,wag5]'s disposal = use z supports4 ,capta9 ,%ortly aft] dusk ! assault+ p>ty w leave ! ,wag5]'s ,blaue ,/ellung by ,sap ,no4 #c ) ! object ( break+ ,ord]s-- into ! enemy's position 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,app5dix ,sd ,spion1 f :i* po9t ! enemy's tr5*es w #a4 be cle>$ nor?w>ds1 if possible1 z f> z ! ,spion4 ,unless prev5t$ by ! enemy's fire1 ! raid+ p>ty w return to our ,blaue ,/ellung by ! same way4 ,table ( #d4 ,= #be m9utes be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! di/rib- raid1 ! artill]y w prep>e = ! assault by ution ( %ell+ ! enemy's tr5*es betwe5 ,bes5hecke & artill]y ! ,w9dmhle1 & also ! ,weisse ,/e9mau]4 ,dur+ fire-- ! raid ! artill]y w control by its fire all ! ,app5dix enemy's tr5*es likely to prove a s\rce ( dang] to #b4 ! ent]prise4 ,special #e4 ,9 ord] to draw ! fire ( ! enemy's artill]y ,ord]s = away f ! spot to be raid$1 a fe9t attack aga9/ fe9t ! enemy's position j nor? ( ,la ,boiselle ,cemet]y attack-- w />t #ae m9utes aft] ! artill]y op5s fire4 ,app5dix #c4 #f4 ,9 ord] t ! regi/ration ( ! objective by ! heavy artill]y & ,m95w]f] %all n be app>5t1 on ,special ! morn+ ( ! day be=e ! raid--probably ! #aj? ,ord]s = ,april--a fe9t bomb>dm5t ( ,t>get-sectors #gf-gi w ?is bom- be c>ri$ out1 comb9$ ) a m9e explosion1 ) b>dm5t-- ! object ( mislead+ ! enemy4 ,! exact "t w ,app5dix be fix$ be=eh& by ! artill]y comm&]1 ,(fic] #d4 ,comm&+ ,ersatz ,abteilung1 #gf? ,artill]y ,regim5t4 #g4 ,! ma*9e gun (fic] w arrange t1 dur+ ! :ole "t ( ! raid1 ! enemy's re> tr5*es 9 ,t>get-sectors #gf-ha are kept "u a con/ant fire1 ) a view to caus+ him all possible loss1 &1 at ! same "t1 to safegu>d+ our patrol aga9/ c\nt]-attacks4 #h4 ,! ,(fic] ,comm&+ #a/ ,res]ve ,company1 #ac? ,pione] ,battalion1 w arrange = a gall]y ( ! left-h& m9efield to be ready *>g$ by ! morn+ ( ! day be=e ! raid1 & = a gall]y ( ! "r-h& m9efield to be ready *>g$ by ! ev5+ ( ! raid4 ,! =m] w be sprung at ! conclusion ( ! fe9t bomb>dm5t1 ! latt] z an introduction to ! fe9t attack4 ,f today1 ! 8e>? mort>s0 7,erdmrs]7 w sy/ematically cut ! enemy's wire opposite ! ,bl9dd>m4 ,on ! day be=e ! raid1 !y w cop]ate ) all o!r close-range weapons to assi/ 9 ! fe9t bomb>dm5t ( ,t>get-sectors #gf-gh4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! raid1 !y w assi/ 9 ! fe9t attack by bomb>d+ ,t>get-sectors #gf & #gg 7see ,app5dices #c & #d74 ,?r\gh\t ! raid1 ! 8,albre*t-,mrs]10 9 position on ! ,lehmgrub5hhe1 w heavily bomb>d ! enemy's tr5*es 9 ! ,nordrondell4 ,p>ticul> c>e w be tak5 t ! enemy's ma*9e guns d n int]f]e ) ! raid f t qu>t] 7see ,app5dix #a74 #i4 ,! ,(fic] ,comm&+ #bbh? ,m95w]f] ,company w regi/] ! enemy's wire at ! po9t ( entry ) "o heavy & two m$ium ,m95w]f] 9 ! c\rse ( ! fe9t bomb>dm5t on ! day be=e ! raid4 ,he w also take "p 9 ?is bomb>dm5t & fire #cj m$ium ,m95w]f] %ells at ! ,weisse ,/e9mau] 7see ,app5dix #d74 ,on ! aft]noon ( ! same day1 ) bo? m$ium ,m95w]f] m\nt$ 9 ! ,m95w]f] ,weg1 he w cut ! enemy's wire at #gfy1 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole night & ! foll[+ day w keep up a desultory fire4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! raid1 ! wire 9 front ( ! po9t ( entry ( ! raid+ p>ty w be cut on a wid? ( #ej met]s by ! heavy & two m$ium ,m95w]f] 7see ,app5dix #a74 ,mean:ile1 ! two o!r m$ium ,m95w]f] w take "p 9 ! fe9t attack aga9/ #gfy 7see ,app5dix #c74 ,! light ,m95w]f] at ! disposal ( ! #bbh? ,m95w]f] ,company w take "p 9 ! fe9t bomb>dm5t & 9 ! fe9t attack1 9 accordance ) ! ord]s 7p>a4 #h7 issu$ = ! close-range weapons ( ! #a/ ,res]ve ,company1 #ac? ,pione] ,battalion 7see ,app5dices #c & #d74 ,! ,(fic] ,comm&+ #bbh? ,m95w]f] ,company w receive fur!r detail$ in/ructions f ,capta9 ,wag5]4 #aj4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! raid1 battalions w hold !mselves 9 a /ate ( read9ess = an al>m4 ,arrangem5ts w be made t1 9 ! ev5t ( ! enemy op5+ a b>rage on our tr5*es1 z may well happ51 ! numb] ( s5tries w be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,gas masks & o!r gas equipm5t mu/ be held ready = use4 #aa4 ,i %all be at ! regim5tal comm& po/ f ! morn+ ( ! day be=e ! raid4 ,f #f p4 m4 ( ! ev5+ ( ! raid1 ,i %all be 9 ! advanc$ regim5tal comm& po/ 9 ,dug-out ,no4 #i on ! "r w+ ( ! left-h& battalion4 ,capta9 ,wag5] w ma9ta9 con/ant communication ) me4 ,! artill]y liaison (fic] w also be ) me4 7,sign$7 ,,frhr4 ,v4 ,,viet+h(f4 ,di/ribution ,headqu>t]s #b #c ,battalions #c #aaj? #ab ,companies #ab ,res]ve ,labor ,company #a ,infantry #a/ ,ma*9e ,gun ,company #a ,regim5t #bnd ,ma*9e ,gun ,company #b #ee? ,ma*9e ,gun ,section #a ,capta9 ,wag5] #b #bi? ,res]ve ,field ,artill]y ,regim5t #a ,ersatz ,abteilung1 #agf? ,field ,artill]y ,regim5t #a #a/ ,abteilung1 #bi? ,regim5t ,field ,artill]y #a #a/ ,res]ve ,company1 #ac? ,pione] ,battalion #a #bbh? ,m95w]f] ,company #a ,division #a ,brigade #a #aji? ,res]ve ,infantry ,regim5t #a #aaa? ,res]ve ,infantry ,regim5t #a ,sp>e copies #e ---- #cg ,,app5dix ,i ,,special ,,ord]s ,,= ,,! ,,raid ,,on ,,! ,,spion #a4 ,organization ( ! raid+ p>ty-- ,comm&]4--,capta9 ,wag5]2 ) him1 ,bugl] ,held4 ,/radtmann's patrol4--,lieut5ant ,/radtmann & #aj m54 ,dumas' patrol4--,lieut5ant ,bhlefeld & #aj m54 ,supports1 at my disposal4--,lieut5ant ,freund & #bd m54 ,9 addition to ! latt] p>ty1 at my disposal--,bo5+1 & ,assi/ant-,surgeon ,wis] & six /ret*] be>]s4 #b4 ,dress & equipm5t4--,attack ord] )\t greatcoat or cap1 belts to be worn )\t p\*es1 gas masks to be slung & tuck$ into tunic4 ,! ,/radtmann1 ,dumas1 & ,bhlefeld patrols w ea* be equipp$1 half ) rifles & half ) pi/ols & wire-cutt]s4 ,! supports w c>ry rifles1 five m5 w c>ry pi/ols1 ea* man w c>ry two gr5ades4 ,z a di/+ui%+ m>k ea* man w we> a triangle ( :ite l95 sewn on ! brea/ & back4 ,m9utes4 #c4 ,"t table4--,! artill]y w op5 fire ) gas ,o ,! "t %ells on ! enemy's tr5*es on bo? sides ( ! po9t ( />t+ ( entry & on ! objectives opposite ! s\?we/ w be corn] ( ,la ,boisselle1 :]e ! fe9t attack is to communi- take place4 cat$1 9 good "t1 ,= a qu>t] ( an h\r1 all ! enemy's tr5*es likely on ! day to prove ( importance to ! raid+ p>ty w be ( ! br\ght "u fire4 ,at ! same "t1 ! close-range raid4 weapons ( ! #a/ ,res]ve ,company1 #ac? ,pione] ,battalion1 ) ! two m$ium & ! light ,m95w]f] ( ! #bbh? ,m95w]f] ,company1 w fire ) maximum rapidity on ! enemy's tr5*es opposite ! s\?we/ corn] ( ,la ,boisselle4 #g ,! "o heavy & two m$ium ,m95w]f] ( ! #bbh? ,m95w]f] ,company w op5 fire ) ! object ( cutt+ ! wire 9 front ( ! po9t ( entry4 #adde ,on ! "r flank ( ! m9efield a %all[ gall]y w be fir$4 #ae ,! artill]y1 :i* 0 fir+ on ! s\?we/ corn] ( ,la ,boiselle1 w increase its range & %ell ! tr5*es 9 re>4 ,! close-range weapons w cease fire4 ,! ma*9e guns w sweep communication tr5*es 9 ?is sector & 9 ! ,galg54 #aecj ,9 ! ,bl9dd>m & j s\? ( ! same1 isolat$ gr\ps ( dummies w be expos$ 9 ord] to make ! enemy ?9k an attack is p5d+4 ,f n[ on1 artill]y & ,m95w]f] fire w increase to its maximum int5sity on ! real objective4 ,! 8,albre*t-,mrs]0 ( ! #a/ ,res]ve ,company1 #ac? ,pione] ,battalion1 9 position on ! ,lehmgrub5hhe1 w bomb>d ! ,nordrondell ) ! utmo/ int5sity4 #bj ,! patrols w leave _! dug-outs & take up _! positions 9 read9ess1 9 accordance ) direct ord]s receiv$ f me1 9 ! ,hohlweg by ,sap ,no4 #c4 #bc ,/radtmann's patrol w leave ! ,hohlweg at 8a0 & crawl =w>d z f> z 8b40 ,lieut5ant ,bo5+ w po/ ! /ret*] be>]s z connect+ files betwe5 ,/radtmann's patrol & myself4 #be ,! artill]y w lift its fire f ! objective betwe5 ,bes5hecke & ! ,w9dmhle to ! t>gets 9 re>1 & w op5 a b>rage on ^? ( ! enemy's tr5*es :i* may prove a s\rce ( dang] to ! raid4 ,! ,m95w]f] w cease fire4 ,! ma*9e guns w op5 fire on positions 9 re> & on ! communication tr5*es :i* lead to ! objective f bo? sides4 ,! 8,albre*t-,mrs]0 ( ! #a/ ,res]ve ,company1 #ac? ,pione] ,battalion1 on ! ,lehmgrub5hhe1 w cont9ue to bomb>d ! ,nordrondell4 ,all close-range weapons & ! artill]y1 :i* f #j to #ae _h be5 bomb>d+ ! enemy's position opposite ! s\?we/ corn] ( ,la ,boisselle1 w reop5 fire on ^! t>gets ) r5ew$ vigor4 #beae ,/radtmann's patrol w break into ! enemy's tr5*es at ! ,sd ,spion &1 at po9t #a 7see ,sket* ,no4 #a71 w def5d ! po9t ( entry f ! direction ( ! enemy4 ,on ord]s receiv$ f me p]sonally1 ,dumas' patrol w foll[ ,/radtmann's patrol & advance s\?w>ds along ! enemy's tr5* z f> z po9t #b4 ,on ord]s receiv$ f me p]sonally also1 ,bhlefeld's patrol w foll[ ,dumas' patrol &1 once 9 ! enemy's tr5*1 w pu% on t[>ds ! ,spion4 ,! /ret*] be>]s w act z connect+ files betwe5 ,/radtmann's patrol & myself4 ,! supports w hold !mselves 9 read9ess at #d1 s z to be able to pu% on aft] ! o!r patrols imm$iately on receipt ( an ord] f me4 ,if ! enemy op5s a b>rage on our position & on ! ,hohlweg be=e ! patrols come out ( _! dug-outs1 ,i %all ei!r lead ! patrol to ! enemy's position by ano!r r\te1 or cancel ! raid4 #d4 ,duty ( ! patrols4--,z _m ( ! enemy z possible mu/ be made prison]s2 9 addition1 rifles1 ma*9e guns1 rifle gr5ade /&s1 tr5* mort>s1 etc41 z well z fill$ packs are to be br\ght back4 ,%\ld x be f\nd impossible to c>ry back all ! booty ow+ to ! small numb]s ( ! raid+ p>ty1 b if1 z f> z reg>ds ! enemy's fire x c\ld be done1 report w be pass$ on to me by ,/radtmann's patrol4 #e4 ,return4--,on a signal giv5 by ,lieut5ant ,/radtmann1 or on ! 8,*>ge0 be+ bl[n by my bugl]1 ! raid+ p>ty w make its way back f ! ,sd ,spion to ! ,hohlweg by ! %orte/ way1 & imm$iately make = ! same dug-outs :5ce x />t$4 ,9 ! dug-outs1 ,i %all asc]ta9 :e!r ev]yone has return$4 ,prison]s & booty w be tak5 into ! dug-outs4 ,dur+ ! raid1 if ! enemy %\ld op5 a heavy b>rage on ! tr5*es on ! ,s*wab5hohe & on ! ,hohlweg1 ! raid+ p>ty w rema9 9 ! enemy's tr5* & acqua9t me ( ! fact by fir+ a r$ fl>e4 ,i %all !n endeavor to rea* ! p>ty & lead !m back by "s o!r way4 ,%\ld ,i n arrive1 ! s5ior (fic] pres5t w lead ! entire p>ty4 #f4 ,assi/ant-,surgeon ,wiss] w organize ,no4 #a ,dug-out z a fir/ aid po/ & w rema9 !re until ! conclusion ( ! raid4 #g4 ,until ! #ae? m9ute ,i %all be 9 ! advanc$ regim5tal comm& po/2 aft] t "t 9 ! ,hohlweg1 :i* w be connect$ by telephone ) ! advanc$ regim5tal comm& po/4 7,sign$7 ,,wag5]1 ,capta9 & ,company ,comm&]4 ,v]bally & 9 writ+ to p>ticipants 9 ! raid4 ,copy to ! regim5t4 ,w4 ,to quote ,app5dices #b1 #c1 & #d w\ld take up too mu* space & w\ld add v little to ! purpose ( ! example4 ,numb] #b consi/s ( a five-page table ( ! k9ds & "t ( fire1 ! batt]ies ( fire1 & ! t>gets2 numb] #c1 ( detail$ ord]s = a fe9t attack2 & numb] #d1 = a fe9t bomb>dm5t4 ,! object ( ! quotation is to %[ ! accuracy & detail ( an op]ation ord]4 ,s9ce ! ,g]man subject matt] & treatm5t are ab\t ! same z our own1 we ought to ga9 f x a conception ( ! requirem5ts ( fram+ an op]ation ord]4 ,note4--,! meag] space devot$ to ! ,op]ation ,ord] 9 ?is c\rse ( lessons %\ld 9 no way reflect on its relative importance among milit>y communications4 ,only because ! treatm5t ( our own examples is =bidd5 & because our exp]i5ce is slight1 d we leave x )\t fur!r practice4 ,^? :o are arm$ ) ! confid5tial docum5ts ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t may look into our own op]ation ord] m closely2 & ^? :o h consci5ti\sly appli$ !mselves to ! "w ( ! prec$+ lessons ought to h no tr\ble ) its composition4 ,,! ,,ord] ,our ,field ,s]vice ,regulations /ate#af t 8ord]s 9 contra-di/9ction to field1 g5]al1 & special ord]s1 are us$ by comm&]s ( divisions & sep>ate brigades = regulat+ ! movem5ts & resupply ( ! field tra9s1 fix+ ! position ( di/ribut+ po9ts 7rations & =age71 au?oriz+ ! use ( res]ve rations1 provid+ = ! refill+ ( combat tra9s aft] combat or a m>*1 provid+ = ambulance or hospital s]vice 9 camps1 & = furni%+ su* o!r simil> in=mation or in/ructions z x is desir$ to communicate to troops4 ,!y also include su* in/ructions z may be s5t to ! comm&] ( tra9s1 relative to ! movem5ts & disposition ( ! tra9s & in=mation ) reg>d to ! arrangem5ts made ) ! l9e ( communication relative to ! positions ( refill+1 r5dezv\s1 & evacuation po9ts40 ,?us1 :5 sep>ate ord]s are necess>y = su* conditions z cit$1 !y are call$ simply ord]s4 ,!y may be transmitt$ z field messages betwe5 comm&]s or z m =mal docum5ts4 ,9 ei!r case !y are usually address$ to ! p]son conc]n$4 ,examples ( ord]s foll[3 #ea/ ,division1 #i? ,corps1 ,gettysburg1 #c ,june '#ai1 #f-cj p4 m4 ,to ,comm&] ( ,tra9s3 ,h "o wagon company small arms ammunition at cross-roads ne> ,,eppley at #h p4 m4 ,h "o wagon company artill]y ammunition at nor? edge ( ,mc,p,h,e,r,s,o,n ,,ridge at #h p4 m4 ,h #a/ ,section1 supply1 ready to issue at ,c5tral ,squ>e 9 ,,gettysburg at #h p4 m4 ,h empty wagons return to ,,little/[n tonight to refill2 h !m report en r\te to ,field ,hospital ,no4 #a at ! cross+ ( ,,rock ,,creek to c>ry back w\nd$4 ,h !m well fill$ ) /raw or hay4 ,,mabie1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,telegraph$ to ,comm&] ( ,tra9s4 ,copies to ,regim5tal ,comm&]s4 #ai? ,division1 ,m>ysville1 #e ,oct4 '#bb1 #f-de p4 m4 ,to ,(fic] 9 ,*>ge ( ,tra9s3 ,y w move ) y\r tra9s at #c-de a4 m41 by corduroy road ,,jepsom-,,smalley-,,sa9t ,,m>ys4 ,arrange y\r columns z foll[s3 "o section artill]y ammunition1 "o section small arms ammunition1 bridge tra91 supply column1 field hospitals1 rema9d] ( ammunition column4 ,on rea*+ ,,sa9t ,,m>ys h ! two sections ammunition turn nor? &1 :5 !y h cle>$ ! road1 halt & await ord]s4 ,h ! rema9d] ( ! ammunition columns halt beside ! road betwe5 ,,sa9t ,,m>ys & ,,alex&] & await ord]s4 ,h ! field hospitals p>k (f ! road ne> ,,hillis4 ,on ! m>*1 z y ov]take1 or are jo9$ by1 ! field tra9s ( ! troops1 y w assume comm&4 ,ha/5 y\r m>* until y are cle> ( ,,jepsom4 ,,smi?1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,copies to all ,comm&]s4 ,by ,lieut4 ,jones to (fic] 9 *>ge ( tra9s4 ,birm+ham1 #h ,sept4 '#be1 #i-ej a4 m4 ,to ,capta9 ,mott1 comm&+ tra9s3 ,our advance gu>d met at #i-cj a4 m4 two battalions ho/ile infantry at ,,g>l+ton4 ,h tra9s keep well clos$ & foll[ ma9 body )\t di/ance4 ,,norton1 ,colonel1 comm&+4 ,! fir/ two examples are ( ! =mal type4 ,! ?ird "o is less s4 ,v]bal ord]s are usually transmitt$ by (fic]s4 ,h[ev]1 if ! ord] consi/s ( a s+le s5t5ce su* z1 8,! tra9s w halt two h\rs at ,b+ham10 x may be transmitt$ by an enli/$ man4 ,al?\gh !re is m latitude 9 ! =m ( writt5 ord] ?an 9 t ( ! field ord]1 ! "o %\ld be z brief & unmi/akable 9 its con/ruction z ! o!r4 ,! p>agraph /ructure & sequ5ce %\ld be z logical & unifi$ z ,engli% composition c make !m4 ,) y\r book op5 at ! extract f ,field ,s]vice ,regulations 9 reg>d to ! ord]1 compose en\gh imag9>y ord]s to cov] all ! in/ances !re9 giv54 ,,lett]s ,,( ,,in/ruction ,lett]s ( ,in/ruction *iefly diff] f ord]s1 op]ation ord]s1 & field ord]s 9 _! lack ( def9ition ( specific tactical duties4 ,!y are truly in/ructions4 ,!y deal ma9ly ) /rategic consid]ations & g5]al plans1 because ! writ] is usually f> away f1 or n 9 direct comm& (1 ! units :i* are go+ to c>ry out ! g5]al plans4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( campaigns lett]s ( in/ruction enum]ate ! troops ( ! v>i\s comm&s & ! correspond+ lead]s4 8,9 armies1 combat ord]s w (t5 be 9 ! =m (1 or a "p (1 lett]s ( in/ruction to ! comm&+ g5]als 9 ! field armies compos+ ! army4 ,b :]e ! field armies are )9 support+ di/ance ( ea* o!r & c mutually cop]ate 9 ! task assign$ !m1 =mal combat ord]s may be issu$4 ,su* ord]s are necess>ily g5]al 9 "* & consi/ ( a /atem5t ( ! objective s\ght by ! army comm&]1 & ( ! "p he expects ea* field army to play 9 atta9+ ?is objective4 ,! army comm&]1 ei!r by means ( lett]s ( in/ruction or by p]sonal conf]5ces ) 8 field army comm&]s1 fully acqua9ts !m n only ) ! imm$iate end 9 view1 b also ) s mu* ( 8 future plans z may be necess>y to insure ?or\gh coop]ation on _! "p40#ag ,9 ! illu/ration :i* foll[s1 ,presid5t ,l9coln outl9es a g5]al (f5sive to ! v>i\s armies4 ,z comm&]-9-*ief he issues ! sub/ance ( a lett] ( in/ructions 9 ! =m ( an executive ord]4 ,9 x we %all notice t he does n prescribe any specific movem5t ( troops4 ,executive ,mansion1 ,wa%+ton1 ,jan4 #bg1 #ahfb4 ,presid5t's ,g5]al ,w> ,ord]1 ,no4 #a4 ,ord]$3 ,t ! #bb;d day ( ,febru>y1 #ahfb1 be ! day = a g5]al movem5t ( ! l& & naval =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ ! insurg5t =ces4 ,t1 especially1 ,! army at & ab\t ,=tress ,monroe1 ,! army ( ! ,potomac1 ,! army ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,! army ne> ,mum=dsville1 ,k5tucky1 ,! army & flotilla at ,cairo1 ,& a naval =ce 9 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 be ready to move on t day4 ,t all o!r =ces1 bo? l& & naval1 ) _! respective comm&]s1 obey exi/+ ord]s = ! "t1 & be ready to obey additional ord]s :5 duly giv54 ,t ! heads ( dep>tm5ts1 & especially ! ,secret>ies ( ,w> & ( ! ,navy1 ) all _! subord9ates1 & ! ,g5]al-9-,*ief1 ) all o!r comm&]s & subord9ates ( l& & naval =ces1 w sev]ally be held to _! /rict & full responsibilities = prompt execution ( ?is ord]4 ,,abraham ,,l9coln4 ,! foll[+ is a m usual =m ( lett] ( in/ructions4 ,?is "t x goes directly f ! comm&]-9-*ief to ! g5]al-9-*ief3 ,may #bd1 #ahfb4 ,f ,wa%+ton1 #bd?4 ,maj4-,g54 ,g4 ,b4 ,mc,clellan1-- ,i left ,g5]al ,mc,dowell's camp at d>k la/ ev5+4 ,%ield's comm& is !re1 b x is s worn t he _c move be=e ,monday morn+1 ! tw5ty-six? 7#bf?74 ,we h s ?9n$ our l9e to get troops = o!r places1 t x 0 brok5 ye/]day at ,front ,royal1 ) a probable loss to u ( "o 7#a7 regim5t infantry1 two 7#b7 companies cavalry1 putt+ ,g5]al ,banks 9 "s p]il4 ,! enemy's =ces "u ,g5]al ,&]son1 n[ oppos+ ,g5]al ,mc,dowell's advance1 h z _! l9e ( supply & retreat ! road to ,ri*mond4 ,if1 9 conjunction ) ,mc,dowell's movem5t aga9/ ,&]son1 y c\ld s5d a =ce f y\r "r to cut (f ! enemy's supplies f ,ri*mond1 pres]ve ! railroad bridges across ! two 7#b7 =ks ( ! ,pamunkey1 & int]cept ! enemy's retreat1 y w prev5t ! army n[ oppos$ to y f receiv+ an accession ( numb]s ( ne>ly fifte5 ?\s& 7#ae1jjj7 m51 & if y succe$ 9 sav+ ! bridges1 y w secure a l9e ( railroad = supplies 9 addition to ! "o y n[ h4 ,c y n d ?is almo/ z well z n1 :ile y are build+ ! ,*ickahom9y bridges8 ,mc,dowell & ,%ields bo? say y c1 & positively w1 move ,monday morn+4 ,i wi% y to m>* cauti\sly & safely4 ,y w h comm& ( ,mc,dowell aft] he jo9s y1 precisely z y indicat$ 9 y\r long dispat* to u ( ! tw5ty-fir/ 7#ba/74 ,a4 ,,l9coln1 ,presid5t4 ,z y see1 ! above example does no m ?an sugge/ to ,g5]al ,mc,clellan f a /rategic /&po9t c]ta9 c\rses op5 to him4 ,! g5]al-9-*ief on ! spot is ! "o to make ! decision4 ,to progress 9 our examples1 let u take "o issu$ by ! g5]al-9-*ief to "o ( 8 subord9ate g5]als4 ,headqu>t]s ( ! ,army1 ,wa%+ton1 ,feb4 #bc1 #ahfb4 ,maj4-,g54 ,b4 ,f4 ,butl]1 ,u4 ,s4 ,volunte]s1-- ,g5]al3--,y are assign$ to ! comm& ( ! l& =ces de/9$ to cop]ate ) ! navy1 9 ! attack ^u ,new ,orleans4 ,y w use e means to keep y\r de/9ation a pr(\nd secret1 ev5 f y\r /aff (fic]s1 ) ! exception ( y\r *ief-(-/aff1 & ,lieut4 ,weitzel1 ( ! eng9e]s4 ,! =ce at y\r disposal w consi/ ( ! fir/ #ac regim5ts nam$ 9 y\r memor&um h&$ to me 9 p]son1 ! #ba/ ,indiana1 #d? ,wiscons91 & #f? ,mi*igan 7old & good regim5ts f ,baltimore74 ,! #ba/ ,indiana1 #d? ,wiscons91 & ! #f? ,mi*igan1 w await y\r ord]s at ,=t ,monroe4 ,two companies ( ! #ba/ ,indiana1 are well-drill$ z heavy artill]y4 ,! cavalry =ce already en r\te = ,%ip ,isl&1 w be suffici5t = y\r purposes4 ,aft] full consultation ) (fic]s well acqua9t$ ) ! c\ntry 9 :i* x is propos$ to op]ate1 ,i h arriv$ at ! conclusion t 7#b7 two light batt]ies fully equipp$ & 7#a7 "o )\t horses1 w be all t are necess>y4 ,?is w make y\r =ce ab\t #ad1djj infantry1 #bge cavalry1 #fhj artill]y2 total #ae1bee m54 ,! comm&+ g5]al ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,key ,we/1 is au?oriz$ to loan y1 tempor>ily1 #b regim5ts2 ,=t ,pick5s c probably give y ano!r1 :i* w br+ y\r =ce to ne>ly #ah1jjj4 ,! object ( y\r exp$ition is "o ( vital importance1 ! capture ( ,new ,orleans4 ,! r\te select$ is up ! ,mississippi ,riv]1 & ! fir/ ob/acle to be enc\nt]$ 7p]haps ! only "o7 is 9 ! resi/ance ( ,=ts ,/4 ,philip & ,jackson4 ,x is expect$ t ! navy c r$uce ^! works2 9 t case1 y w1 aft] _! capture1 leave a suffici5t g>rison 9 !m to r5d] !m p]fectly secure2 & x is recomm5d$1 t on ! upw>d passage1 a few heavy guns1 & "s troops1 be left at ,pilot ,/ation 7at ! =ks ( ! riv]71 to cov] a retreat 9 ! ev5t ( disa/]4 ,^! troops & guns1 w1 ( c\rse1 be remov$ z soon z ! =ts are captur$4 ,%\ld ! navy fail to r$uce ! works1 y w l& y\r =ces & siege tra91 & endeavor to brea* ! works1 sil5ce _! fire1 & c>ry !m by assault4 ,! next resi/ance w be ne> ! ,engli% ,b5d1 :]e !re are "s e>!n batt]ies2 "h x may be necess>y = y to l& y\r troops & cop]ate ) ! naval attack1 al?\gh x is m ?an probable1 t ! navy1 unassi/$1 c accompli% ! result4 ,if ^! works are tak51 ! city ( ,new ,orleans necess>ily falls4 ,9 t ev5t1 x w probably be be/ to occupy ,algi]s ) ! mass ( y\r troops1 also1 ! ea/]n bank ( ! riv] above ! city2 x may be necess>y to place "s troops 9 ! city to pres]ve ord]1 b if !re appe>s suffici5t ,union s5tim5t to control ! city1 x may be be/ = purposes ( discipl9e to keep y\r m5 out ( ! city4 ,aft] obta9+ possession ( ,new ,orleans1 x w be necess>y to r$uce all ! works gu>d+ its approa*es f ! ea/1 & p>ticul>ly to ga9 ! ,man*ac ,pass4 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,b]wick ,bay1 & ,=t ,liv+/on w next claim y\r att5tion4 ,a fe9t at ,galve/on may facilitate ! objects we h 9 view4 ,i ne$ n call y\r att5tion to ! necessity ( ga9+ possession ( all ! roll+ /ock y c on ! diff]5t railways1 & ( obta9+ control ( ! roads !mselves4 ,! occupation ( ,baton ,r\ge by a comb9$ naval & l& =ce1 %\ld be accompli%$ z soon z possible aft] y h ga9$ ,new ,orleans4 ,!n endeavor to op5 y\r communication ) ! nor!rn column by ! ,mississippi1 always be>+ 9 m9d ! necessity ( occupy+ ,jackson1 ,mississippi1 z soon z y c safely d s1 ei!r aft]1 or be=e y h effect$ ! junction4 ,all[ no?+ to div]t y f obta9+ possession ( all ! approa*es to ,new ,orleans4 ,:5 t object is accompli%$ to its fulle/ ext5t1 x w be necess>y to make a comb9$ attack on ,mobile1 9 ord] to ga9 possession ( ! h>bor & works1 z well z to control ! railway t]m9us at ! city4 ,9 reg>d to ?is1 ,i w s5d m detail$ in/ructions z ! op]ations ( ! nor!rn column develop !mselves4 ,i may briefly /ate t ! g5]al objects ( ! exp$ition are3 ,fir/1 ,! r$uction ( ,new ,orleans & all its approa*es3 !n ,mobile & its def5ses3 !n ,p5sacola1 ,galve/on1 etc4 ,x is probable t by ! "t ,new ,orleans has be5 r$uc$ x w be 9 ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t to re9=ce ! l& =ces suffici5tly to accompli% all ^! objects2 9 ! meantime y w please give all ! assi/ance 9 y\r p[] to ! army & navy comm&]s 9 y\r vic9ity1 nev] los+ sight ( ! fact1 t ! great object to be a*iev$ is ! capture & firm ret5tion ( ,new ,orleans4 ,i am1 etc41 ,,geo4 ,b4 ,mc,c,l,e,l,l,a,n1 ,maj4-,g54 ,com'g ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,g5]al ,mc,clellan goes m into detail ?an does ! ,presid5t4 ,he is consid]+ ! situation on m te*nical l9es4 ,yet he does n g beyond ! limits ( /rategy 9 outl9+ ! g5]al plan4 ,he /ill con=ms to ! pr9ciples ( lett]s ( in/ruction4 ,if we 7 to foll[ ,g5]al ,butl] 9 8 j\rney to ! ,gulf1 we %\ld p]ceive 9 8 ord]s ! disappe>ance ( ! /rategic & ! appe>ance ( ! tactical idea4 ,lat] we %\ld discov] "o ( 8 brigade comm&]s actually issu+ a field ord]4 ,notice 9 ! la/ example h[1 on acc\nt ( its l5g?1 ,g5]al ,mc,clellan has made a neat summ>y ( ! :ole4 ,notice t 9 all ( ^! lett]s ! writ]s h adh]$ to ! pr9ciples ( rhetoric2 & t !y h giv5 to ! recipi5t a unifi$ & coh]5t production4 ,:y8 ,because ! w ( ! comm&] is transmitt$ m quickly 9 t way4 ,we h n[ complet$ ! consid]ation ( ! expression :i* directly affects troops 9 ! field4 ,we h writt5 ! field message :i* br+s in=mation to comm&]s & :i* helps !m to make an e/imate ( a situation4 ,we h fram$ ! field ord] :i* gr[s out ( t e/imate & :i* trans=ms ! decision into action4 ,we h view$ ! op]ation ord] :i* is no m ?an a field ord] made to fit tr5* w>f>e4 ,we h se5 ord]s :i* are issu$ 9 connection ) combat s z to gov]n ! movem5t ( tra9s4 ,we h read lett]s ( in/ruction :i* are writt5 by high] comm&]s 9 ord] to regulate 9 a g5]al way ext5sive movem5ts4 ,all ( ^! communications be> specifically ^u ! ef=t ( troops t[>d success 9 battle--! ultimate object ( all milit>y tra9+4 ,9 leav+ ?is mo/ important "p ( our pr(essional "w1 we might take ) u ?is "o idea4 ,we c be/ express ourselves 9 any ( ! communications we h /udi$ by hav+ all ! ?\ghts ( "o k9d toge!r & ! diff]5t k9ds 9 an ord]ly arrangem5t4 ,:5ev] x is possible we %\ld keep ! p>agraph sequ5ce1 7a7 ,enemy4 7b7 ,own troops4 7c7 ,plan4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,w> ,,di>y--,,! ,,report--,,r\t9e ,,ord]s ,we h h]et(ore consid]$ ^? communications :i* aid combat4 ,we n[ take up ^? :i* h no direct be>+ ^u ! outcome ( an engagem5t4 ,we h se5 h[ ! field message makes possible by its fre% in=mation ! plan = battle1 h[ ! field & op]ation ord]s frame t plan = battle1 h[ ! ord] maneuv]s ! tra9s 9 connection ) battle1 & h[ lett]s ( in/ruction issue g5]al directions = a campaign ( _m battles4 ,we n[ come to ! place :]e ! maneuv]1 ent]prise1 or und]tak+ is ov]4 ,= a v>iety ( future b5efits we mu/ h a record ( ^? occurr5ces4 ,! ,w> ,di>y & ,! ,report are ! communications :i* p]=m t (fice4 ,,! ,,w> ,,di>y ,j z c]ta9 individuals keep j\rnals ( _! lives1 s ! high] milit>y units keep di>ies ( _! exi/5ces4 8,! ,w> ,di>y is a record ( ev5ts kept 9 campaign by ea* battalion & high] organization & by ea* ammunition1 supply1 eng9e]1 & sanit>y tra94 ,entries are made daily & %\ld =m a concise hi/ory ( ! milit>y op]ations4 ,a day comprises #bd h\rs cov]$ ,ea* day's record w comm5ce ) a m>* table1 or /atem5t ( ! op]ations or location ( ! organization1 includ+ an acc\nt ( wea!r1 roads1 camp1 heal? ( troops1 etc41 & a /atem5t ( ! supply ( ammunition1 rations1 & =age4 ,?is w be foll[$ by a *ronological record ( ev5ts1 includ+ "t & place ( issue & receipt ( ord]s & messages1 ) a copy or a synopsis ( cont5ts4 ,x is ( especial importance t ! exact h\r & place at :i* movem5ts are begun & end$1 & ord]s or important messages s5t or receiv$ be not$4 ,aft] an engagem5t1 ! w> di>y w conta9 a report ( losses & captures & w be accompani$ by a sket* %[+ ! positions ( ! comm& at ! mo/ important phases4 ,ea* day's record w be atte/$ by ! comm&] or by ! adjutant2 &1 ) atta*$ copies ( ord]s & messages s5t & receiv$1 w be =w>d$ daily to ! next high] comm&]1 :o z soon z practicable1 aft] ! receipt !re(1 w =w>d ! w> di>y direct to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,comm&]s ( armies1 or ( units n compon5ts ( a high] comm&1 w =w>d _! w> di>ies direct to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t40#ah ,?us ^! docum5ts become ! au!ntic mat]ial = our milit>y hi/ory4 ,to g into ! ,w> ,di>y m specifically1 let u tabulate :at we might actually /ate !re94 ,we %\ld />t ) ! head+3 ,w> ,di>y1 #c;d ,battalion1 #gb;d ,infantry1 #c ,may1 #aibj4 ,! date 9 ?is case w\ld cov] ! :ole p]iod f midnight ,may #b_/c to midnight ,may #c_/d4 ,s9ce a m>* w\ld mo/ likely be ! fir/ happ5+ ( any note aft] midnight ,may #b_/c1 ! di>y w\ld />t ) a m>* table4 ,reveille1 #c-cj a4 m4 ,breakfa/1 #c-de a4 m4 ,fir/ call1 #d-aj a4 m4 ,assembly1 #d-ae a4 m4 ,head ( column mov$ out1 #d-ag a4 m4 ,fir/ ,halt at ,,squ>e ,,corn]s1 #e-jb a4 m4 ,second ,halt at ,,lib]ty1 #e-ea a4 m4 ,?ird ,halt at ,,miles ,,riv]1 #f-da a4 m4 ,f\r? ,halt at ,,smi?',s ,,f>m1 #g-dg a4 m4 ,message f ,c4 ,o41 #gb;d ,infantry2 receiv$ #djj y>ds we/ ,,hope ,,f>m1 #h-dj a4 m4 ,fif? ,halt at ,or*>d ne> ,,hope ,,f>m1 #h-dg a4 m4 ,ext5t ( m>*3 #ac-b miles4 ,w5t into def5sive position on ,,sil]s ,,ridge at #i-ae a4 m4 ,"r ( ,i ,company at ,,sil]s ,,f>m--,left ( ,m ,company at rail f5ce corn]4 ,began build+ /&+ tr5* at #i-be a4 m4 ,d9n]1 cook$ ration1 #aa a4 m4 ,f9i%$ tr5*es1 saps1 & entanglem5ts #d p4 m4 ,supp]1 #d-cj p4 m4 ,biv\ack$ #hjj yds4 9 re> ( tr5*es at #h p4 m4 ,enemy's h>ass+ patrol wak5$ comm& at #aa p4 m42 o!rwise no activity4 ,wea!r3 cle> & cool4 ,slight ra9 betwe5 second & ?ird halts4 ,roads3 good metal roads entire m>*4 ,camp3 ,biv\ac grassy g5tle slope--dry gr\nd4 ,wat]3 ,spr+ #bjj yds4 re> ( c5t] ( position--capacity = regim5t4 ,heal?3 ,comm& g5]ally exhau/$ aft] m>* ) full packs & ) #fj r\nds p] man1 & especially aft] digg+4 ,on sick report--#af2 abs5t sick--#h4 ,ammunition3 ,on h&1 includ+ am\nt on p]sons ( m5--#aah1bjj r\nds4 #a ammunition wagon return$ to ,,lib]ty at #ab1 noon1 = refill+4 ,rations3 #d days' supply on h&4 ,=age3 #a day's =age on h&4 #a wagon return$ to ,,lib]ty at #b p4 m4 to refill4 ,losses3 #a private1 ,k ,company1 kill$ by enemy's h>ass+ patrol4 ,captures3 none4 ,road & ,position sket*es cov]+ day's op]ations enclos$4 ,copies ( battalion comm&]'s m>* & def5se ord]s1 also copies ( "o message f regim5tal comm&]1 enclos$4 ,by ord] ( ,major ,j5k9s3 ,h4 ,e4 ,,bottomly1 #a/ ,lieut41 ,bn1 ,adj4 #c;d ,bn4 ,! orig9al ( ! above is s5t to ! regim5tal comm&] & a copy is reta9$ by ! battalion4 ,! above data1 supplem5t$ ) ! sket*es1 messages1 & ord]s enclos$1 furni% a complete hi/ory ( ! battalion's do+s = ! day4 ,blanks are furni%$ f ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t f "t to "t to enable ,adjutants 7^: duty x is to keep ! ,w> ,di>y7 to fill 9 ! data m quickly4 ,,reports ,reports cov] a wide range ( subjects4 ,:5 a lead] is 9 d\bt z to :e!r an ev5t is important en\gh to report1 he _h bett] take ! wise c\rse & s5d 9 8 description ( :at has happ5$4 ,v few occurr5ces 9 ! milit>y s]vice are s uness5tial z to be rightfully ignor$4 ,!y may take ei!r "o ( two =ms3 ei!r !y may be dat$1 head$ 8,report on s-&-s0 7see example on foll[+71 & inclos$ ) a lett] ( transmittal2 or !y may !mselves be 9 ! =m ( lett]s address$ directly to ! p]son or (fice = :om !y are de/9$4 ,reports may consi/ ( expository description on ! "o h& or ( a n>ration on ! o!r1 b !y usually consi/ ( a comb9ation ( ! two4 ,"h is an example ( highly expository description4 ,x is ! report ^u ! ,g]man raid :i* 0 giv5 u "u ,op]ation ,ord]s4 ,9 ! field1 #ab? ,april1 #aiaf4 ,,capta9 ,,wag5]',s ,,report ,,on ,,! ,,raid ,,on ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,( #aa,,? ,,april1 #aiaf ,at #d p4 m4 ! raid+ p>ty m>*$ f ,m>t9pui* ?r\gh ,pozires1 !n by ! ,lattorf ,grab5--,regim5t/ri*t]--,krebs ,grab5 to ! ,appo9t$ dug-outs on ! left ( ,sap ,no4 #c1 :]e ! ev5+ meal 0 f\nd ready prep>$4 ,at #h p4 m4 ! artill]y prep>ation comm5c$ z pre>rang$4 ,%ortly aft] fire 0 op5$1 ! :ole ( ! enemy's position f ,w9dmhle to ,bes5hecke 0 wrapp$ 9 greyi%-:ite smoke1 :i* ! w9d drove back ov] ,sap ,no4 #c into our l9es4 ,by #h4aj p4 m4 x 0 impossible to rema9 9 our tr5* ea/ ( ,sap ,no4 #c )\t we>+ a gas mask4 ,?is 0 /ill ! case at #h4bj p4 m41 :5 ! patrols mov$ =w>d f _! dug-outs to ! ,hohlweg1 9 ! ord] ,/radtmann1 ,dumas1 ,bhlefeld1 & ,freund4 ,lieut5ant ,bo5ig foll[$ close beh9d ,lieut5ant ,/radtmann4 ,by #h4be p4 m4 ! p>ty 0 po/$ ready 9 ! ,hohlweg4 ,! cl\ds ( gas & smoke1 h[ev]1 /ill hung s ?ick ov] ! enemy's tr5*es t x 0 impossible to di/+ui% :e!r our own %ells 7 /ill fall+ on ! po9t ( entry or :e!r our artill]y _h already l5g!n$ _! range4 ,at #h4bg p4 m4 ,lieut5ant ,/radtmann receiv$ ! ord] to advance to ! attack ) 8 patrol4 ,lieut5ant ,bo5ig1 ) ! six /ret*] be>]s1 left ! ,hohlweg simultane\sly & 9 re> ( ,/radtmann's patrol1 & po/$ connect+ files1 ^: positions 7 m>k$ by r$ signal lamps %ad$ to ! front & to ! sides4 ,at #h4bh p4 m4 ,dumas' & ,bhlefeld's patrols advanc$4 ,foll[+ ! l9e ( connect+ files1 !y rea*$ ! po9t ( entry1 to f9d t ,/radtmann's patrol 0 already 9 possession ( #af y>ds ( tr5*1 & _h captur$ ?ree prison]s4 ,! latt] _h come out ( _! dug-outs j z ,lieut5ant ,/radtmann appe>$ 9 front ( ! enemy's tr5*4 ,!y c>ri$ h& gr5ades & rifles ) bayonets fix$1 b 7 imm$iately dis>m$ by ,lieut5ants ,bo5ig & ,/radtmann4 ,dumas' patrol imm$iately turn$ to ! left d[n ! tr5*1 &1 9 a few /eps1 came ^u a half-de/roy$ ma*9e gun emplacem5t4 ,res]vi/ ,nadolny1 ( ,/radtmann's patrol1 0 already occupi$ 9 digg+ out ! buri$ ma*9e gun4 ,lieut5ant ,dumas p5etrat$ fur!r along ! enemy's tr5*1 & soon rea*$ ! communication tr5* :i* runs1 r\ghly along ! divid+ l9e betwe5 ,t>get ,sectors #gi & #hj1 t[>ds ! ,weisse ,/e9mau]4 ,at ?is po9t a l>ge dug-out _h be5 wreck$1 app>5tly by a direct hit4 ,lieut5ant ,dumas _h previ\sly s5t ?ree m5 ( 8 patrol along beh9d ! enemy's tr5*2 !y rea*$ ! communication tr5* ab\t #aa y>ds beh9d ! front l9e tr5*4 ,a few ,engli%m51 :o came out ( ?is communication tr5*1 endeavor$ to rea* ! p>ados ( ! front l9e tr5*1 :5ce !y evid5tly int5d$ to def5d x4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 surpris$ by our ?ree m5 & bayonet$4 ,mean:ile1 ,lieut5ant ,dumas1 ) ! re/ ( 8 m51 =c$ 8 way fur!r along ! tr5*1 & j nor? ( ,bes5hecke rea*$ ! communication tr5* :i* leads to ! br[n prolongation ( ! ,weisse ,/e9mau] 7:ite /one wall74 ,!y pass$ ano!r wreck$ dug-out1 9 :i* dead bodies 7 se54 ,adjo9+ ! above-m5tion$ communication tr5*1 ano!r l>ge dug-out 0 f\nd1 :i* ! patrol int5d$ to cle>4 ,z1 h[ev]1 a numb] ( ,engli%m5 advanc$ ^u ,dumas' patrol f ! communication tr5* & alongside x1 a mle ensu$ ) gr5ades1 rifles & pi/ols1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! enemy1 aft] suff]+ evid5t loss1 ei!r retreat$ or surr5d]$1 :ile none ( ,dumas' patrol receiv$ w\nds ( any acc\nt4 ,mean:ile1 ,lieut5ant ,bhlefeld advanc$ along ! enemy's tr5* to ! "r ( ! po9t ( entry1 &1 9 a few y>ds1 came to ?ree l>ge dug-outs1 ( :i* "o 0 wreck$ & full ( dead & w\nd$4 ,at 8 summons1 ! enemy came out ( ! o!rs & surr5d]$ )\t m ado4 ,lieut5ant ,bhlefeld s5t back ! prison]s & ask$ = re9=cem5ts 9 ord] to cle> ! dug-outs1 und]tak+1 mean:ile1 to hold ! enemy's tr5* ) two m54 ,at #h4cj p4 m41 z no noise came f ! po9t ( entry1 or f ! "r ( ! same1 :ile f a po9t "s #fe y>ds to ! left %ots & reports ( gr5ades c\ld be he>d1 ,i ord]$ ,vice-,s]geant ,major ,elb to advance ) five m5 & re9=ce ,dumas' patrol4 ,lieut5ant ,erb1 ! regim5tal adjutant1 atta*$ himself to ?is p>ty4 ,he 0 we>+ an oxyg5-brea?+ app>atus & _h be5 wait+ 9 ! ,hohlweg4 ,%ortly aft]1 ! s\nds ( fight+ ceas$ on ! left1 & ! fir/ bat* ( prison]s 0 br\ght back f ! enemy's tr5*4 ,i _h come to ! conclusion t we _h ! upp] h& ev]y:]e1 especially on ! "r1 & ) a view to exploit+ fully our success1 ,i ord]$ ,lieut5ant ,freund to cross ! enemy's tr5* at ! po9t ( entry ) #ae m5 ( ! supports1 & to attack ! ,spion f ! re>4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i s5t =w>d ,vice-,s]geant ,major ,wlfle ) #d m5 to re9=ce ,lieut5ant ,bhlefeld4 ,9 ord] to h a res]ve 9 h& = meet+ all ev5tualities1 ,i ord]$ up ! comm&]s ( ! two gr\ps on ! flank ( ! #ab? ,company1 :i* 0 /ation$ imm$iately to ! "r ( ,sap ,no4 #c4 ,! gr\ps _h be5 w>n$ 9 ! aft]noon & giv5 ! necess>y in/ructions4 ,:il/ ,vice-,s]geant ,majors ,elb & ,wlfle1 ) _! m51 w5t 9 se>* ( ,dumas' & ,bhlefeld's patrols1 ,lieut5ant ,freund da%$ across ! enemy's tr5* at ! po9t ( entry & foll[$ x along to ! "r z f> z ! communication tr5* :i* leads into ! front l9e tr5* ne> ! ,spion4 ,freund's patrol leapt into ! enemy's front l9e tr5* on bo? sides ( ! communication tr5*1 captur$ #aj m5 almo/ )\t a /ruggle1 & secur$ sev]al rifles & articles ( equipm5t4 ,a few ,engli%m5 :o (f]$ resi/ance 7 bayonet$2 ,volunte] ,h]rmann1 ( ! #g? ,company1 & ,lance ,corporal ,haufl]1 ( ! #d? ,company1 p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ !mselves4 ,a few ,engli%m5 attempt$ to get away1 b 7 %ot dead4 ,volunte] ,h]rmann fur!r discov]$ an extemporiz$ tr5* mort>4 ,! latt] c\ld n be c>ri$ (f1 h[ev]1 z x 0 securely built 94 ,vice-,s]geant ,major ,wlfle1 :o arriv$ on ! sc5e %ortly aft]1 de/roy$ ! tr5* mort> z well z he c\ld ) h& gr5ades & pi/ol %ots4 ,bhlefeld's re9=c$ patrol _h accompani$ ! advance ( ,freund's patrol along ! tr5*1 & came across ?ree or f\r m wreck$ dug-outs1 :i* 7 fill$ ) dead4 ,individuals /&+ ab\t 9 ! tr5* 7 kill$ by ! patrol or made prison]4 ,dur+ ?is affair1 ,"u ,(fic] ,nssl]1 ( ! #aa? ,company1 repeat$ly di/+ui%$ himself4 ,:il/ our p>ty 0 break+ into ! enemy's tr5*es or p]haps ev5 be=e1 a p>ty ( ! enemy1 approximately #be to #cj /rong1 succe$$ 9 gett+ away f ! front l9e tr5* & mak+ _! way back to ! ,weisse ,/e9mau]1 b 7 aga9 driv5 back by our artill]y fire1 & n[ came runn+ t[>ds ,/radtmann's patrol4 ,! latt]1 appreh5d+ a c\nt]-attack1 op5$ fire4 ,ersatz ,res]vi/ ,walz]1 ( ! #aa? ,company1 foll[$ by ,"u ,(fic] ,/aig]1 ( ! #aj? ,company & o!rs1 rais$ a *e] & *>g$ ! ,engli%m51 bayonet+ two ( !m4 ,^? :o did n put up _! h&s & surr5d]1 7 kill$4 ,lieut5ant ,erb _h soon caught up ,dumas' patrol & took "p 9 ! subsequ5t fight+1 :i* 0 practically cont9u\s1 = almo/ e "o ( ! enemy (f]$ resi/ance4 ,) h& gr5ade & pi/ol1 ,dumas' patrol kill$ m ?an #bj ( ! enemy1 besides w\nd+ a l>ge numb]4 ,9 ?is fight+ ,volunte] ,hees1 ( ! #f? ,company1 p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ himself4 ,always to ! =e1 he alone acc\nt$ = sev]al ,engli%m54 ,on our side only "o man 0 slightly w\nd$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! ev5ts describ$ above1 ,dumas' patrol rema9$ 9 ! enemy's tr5* consid]ably long] ?an int5d$4 ,:5 all ! o!r patrols _h return$ to ! ,hohlweg1 ! ,dumas-,erb patrol 0 /ill miss+4 ,h]eupon1 ,lieut5ants ,bo5ig & ,/radtmann1 ) sev]al non-commission$ (fic]s & m51 w5t back to ! enemy's l9es & se>*$ ! tr5* to ! left until !y met ! ,dumas-,erb patrol on its way back4 ,"h aga9 ,"u ,(fic] ,nssl]1 ( ! #aa? ,company1 #aaj? ,res]ve ,infantry ,regim5t1 di/+ui%$ himself4 ,at #h4ej p4 m41 ! la/ m5 ( ! entire p>ty _h return$ to ! ,hohlweg & w5t back to _! dug-outs4 ,at #h4ea p4 m41 ! fir/ %ell fell on ! front l9e tr5*es ea/ ( ,sap ,no4 #c4 ,at #h4eg p4 m41 ! artill]y comm&] 0 in=m$ t ! artill]y fire c\ld be gradually brok5 (f4 ,at #i p4 m41 a heavy batt]y ne> ,alb]t dropp$ a few %ells ne> ,sap ,no4 #c4 ,at #i4je p4 m41 ! conclusion ( ! op]ation 0 report$4 ,! foll[+ 7 captur$3 #bd unw\nd$ & #e w\nd$ prison]s1 #a ,lewis gun1 #a rifle ) telescopic sights1 #bj ord9>y rifles1 & a l>ge numb] ( /eel helmets1 belts ) ammunition p\*es1 packs1 hav]sacks1 & gas helmets4 ,our casualties consi/$ ( "o man slightly w\nd$ 9 ! =ehead by a spl9t] f a h& gr5ade4 ,he 0 b&ag$ 9 ! advanc$ dress+-/ation & imm$iately return$ to ! patrol4 7,sign$7 ,,wag5]1 ,capta9 & ,company ,comm&]4 #dj copies1 z app5dices to ! ,report ( ! #aaj? ,res]ve ,infantry ,regim5t on ! raid ( ! #aa? ,april1 #aiaf4 ,a m n>rative =m ( report is repres5t$ by ! foll[+ extract f ,g54 ,bragg's report dur+ ! ,civil ,w>3 8,to meet our successful advance & retrieve 8 losses 9 ! front ( 8 left1 ! enemy e>ly transf]r$ a portion ( 8 res]ve f 8 left to t flank1 & by #b o'clock _h succe$$ 9 conc5trat+ su* a =ce on ,lieut5ant ,g5]al ,h>dee's front z to *eck 8 fur!r progress4 ,our two l9es _h1 by ?is "t1 become almo/ bl5d$1 s weak 7 !y by losses1 exhau/ion1 & ext5sion to cov] ! enemy's :ole front4 ,z e>ly z #aj a4 m4 ,major ,g5]al ,breck9ridge 0 call$ on = "o brigade1 & soon aft] = a second1 to re9=ce or act z a res]ve to ,g5]al ,h>dee4 ,8 reply to ! fir/ call repres5t$ ! enemy z cross+ ,/one's ,riv] 9 heavy =ce 9 8 imm$iate front2 & on receiv+ ! second ord] he in=m$ me !y _h already cross$ 9 heavy =ce & 7 advanc+ on him 9 two l9es4 ,he 0 imm$iately ord]$ n to wait attack b to advance & meet !m4 ,ab\t ?is same "t a report rea*$ me t a heavy =ce ( ! enemy's infantry 0 advanc+ on ! ,lebanon ,road ab\t five miles 9 ,breck9ridge's front4 ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,pegram1 :o _h be5 s5t to t road to cov] ! flank ( ! infantry ) ! cavalry brigade 7save two regim5ts1 deta*$ ) ,:eel] & ,:>ton71 0 ord]$ =w>d imm$iately to develop su* movem5t4 ,! ord]s = ! two brigades f ,breck9ridge 7 c\nt]m&$1 :il/ dispositions 7 made at 8 reque/ to re9=ce him4 ,be=e !y c\ld be c>ri$ out1 ! movem5ts ord]$ disclos$ ! facts t no =ce _h cross$ ,/one's ,riv]2 t ! only enemy 9 our imm$iate front !re 0 a small body ( %>p%oot]s1 & t !re 0 no advance on ! ,lebanon ,road4 8,^! un=tunate misappreh5sions on t "p ( ! field 7:i*1 ) prop] precaution1 c\ld n h exi/$7 )held f active op]ation ?ree f9e brigades until ! enemy _h succe$$ 9 *eck+ our progress1 _h re/abli%$ 8 l9es1 & _h collect$ _m ( 8 brok5 battalions40 ,! above example1 9 addition to its value z a n>rative report1 illu/rates ! dep5d5ce ( a comm&] ^u prop] in=mation4 ,,r\t9e ,,ord]s ,r\t9e ,ord]s pres]ve _! normal t5or 9 peace or w>4 ,!y h to d ) ! adm9i/ration ( ! milit>y s]vice1 s t a /ate ( campaign has v little influ5ce ^u _! "*4 ,g5]al ,ord]s4 ,special ,ord]s4 ,!y consi/ ( ,circul>s4 ,bullet9s4 ,memor&a4 ,g5]al ,ord]s 8include g5]ally1 7#a7 all detail$ in/ructions necess>y 9 c>ry+ out c]ta9 g5]al regulations or ord]s issu$ f sup]ior headqu>t]s2 7#b7 all /&+ in/ructions1 to ! end t frequ5t repetitions may be avoid$2 & 7#c7 proce$+s ( g5]al & special c\rts-m>tial40 ,g5]al ,ord]s are issu$ by comm&]s ( armies1 field armies1 corps1 divisions1 brigades1 regim5ts1 sep>ate battalions1 po/s1 dep>tm5ts1 & di/ricts4 8,:5 necess>y1 ord]s are us$ by comm&]s ( battalions =m+ p>ts ( regim5ts1 & = small] units & deta*m5ts1 = ! same class ( in/ructions z are promulgat$ by high] comm&]s 9 g5]al ord]s40 ,9 o!r words ord]s is a t]m us$ to designate ^? in/ructions issu$ by comm&]s ( divisions & ( sep>ate brigades 9 reg>d to tra9s1 & also a t]m us$ by battalions & small] units to designate ^? in/ructions correspond+ to g5]al ord]s = high] units4 ,"h is an example ( a ,g5]al ,ord] f ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,,g5]al ,,ord]s1 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,no4 #b ,wa%+ton1 ,janu>y #d1 #aiag4 #a4 ,an exam9ation ( majors1 capta9s1 & fir/ lieut5ants ( ! ,regul> ,army1 ) a view to _! selection = appo9tm5t to fill vacancies 9 ! grade ( major 9 ! ,judge ,advocate ,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t1 w be held at ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,ea/]n1 ,c5tral1 ,we/]n1 ,s\!rn1 ,hawaiian ,dep>tm5ts1 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates troops 9 ! ,panama ,canal ,zone1 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t1 & ! headqu>t]s ( ! #ae? infantry1 ,ti5ts91 ,*9a1 beg9n+ at #h a4 m41 on ,may #aj1 #aiag1 or z soon !reaft] z practicable4 ,no (fic] :o has n s]v$ z a commission$ (fic] ( ! ,regul> ,army = at lea/ eight ye>s w be reg>d$ z eligible to take ! exam9ation4 #b4 ,eligible (fic]s :o desire to take ! exam9ation w make application to ! comm&+ (fic] ( t "o ( ! comm&s m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph 9 :i* !y are /ation$1 & ea* ( su* comm&+ (fic]s is au?oriz$ to issue ! necess>y ord]s to assemble applicants at 8 headqu>t]s on ! date set = ! exam9ation4 99 99 99 99 #c4 ,! exam9ation w be sup]vis$ at ea* headqu>t]s by ! judge advocate or ! (fic] act+ z su*4 ,if ! act+ judge advocate %all apply to take ! exam9ation & is ! only judge advocate pres5t at su* headqu>t]s1 ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! comm& w detail "s o!r suitable (fic] to sup]vise ! exam9ation4 #d4 ,on ! day & h\r set = ! beg9n+ ( ! exam9ation1 ea* c&idate w deliv] to ! (fic] sup]vis+ ! exam9ation a sign$ /atem5t includ+3 7a7 ,a brief /atem5t conc]n+ ! c&idate's education & exp]i5ce bo? legal & g5]al2 7b7 ,a li/ ( p]sons :o are famili> ) ! c&idate's qualifications along legal l9es1 ) ! address ( ea* p]son2 7c7 ,"o or m briefs or o!r law memor&a1 n exce$+ t51 prep>$ by ! c&idate & made use ( by him 9 ! solution ( legal que/ions1 :e!r moot or practical2 7d7 ,a specific li/1 z complete z practicable1 ( g5]al c\rt-m>tial or civil c\rt trials 9 :i* ! c&idate has p>ticipat$ ei!r z prosecutor or c\nsel2 7e7 ,copies ( or specific ref]5ces to ! applicant's publi%$ writ+s1 :e!r ( legal or o!r "*1 :i* he may desire to h consid]$2 7f7 ,outl9e ( s]vice ( c&idate s9ce 8 entry into ! milit>y e/abli%m5t2 7g7 ,any o!r matt] ! c&idate may desire to pres5t = consid]ation4 7#bejgabe1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o47 ,by ord] ( ,! ,secret>y ( ,w>3 ,h4 ,l4 ,,scott1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,i,n1 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,"h is an example ( a ,g5]al ,ord] publi%+ ! result ( a ,g5]al ,c\rt-,m>tial4 ,,g5]al ,,ord]s1 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,no4 #c ,wa%+ton1 ,janu>y #e1 #aiag4 ,be=e a g5]al c\rt-m>tial :i* conv5$ at ,nogales1 ,ariz41 ,octob] #be1 #aiaf1 pursuant to ,special ,ord]s1 ,no4 #bfh1 ,octob] #ad1 #aiaf1 z am5d$ 9 ,special ,ord]s1 ,no4 #bgc1 ,octob] #ai1 #aiaf1 ,s\!rn ,dep>tm5t1 & ( :i* ,lieut4 ,col4 ,george ,a4 ,sk9n]1 ,m$ical ,corps1 0 presid5t1 & ,capt4 ,%]man ,a4 ,:ite1 #ab? ,infantry1 judge advocate1 0 arraign$ & tri$-- ,capt4 ,john ,smi?1 ,u4 ,s4 ,infantry4 ,*>ge ,i4--8,conduct to ! prejudice ( good ord] & milit>y discipl9e 9 violation ( ! #fb;d ,article ( ,w>40 ,"o specification4 ,*>ge ,,ii4--8,conduct unbecom+ an (fic] & a g5tleman 9 violation ( ! #fa/ ,article ( ,w>40 ,two specifications4 ,to :i* *>ges & specifications ! accus$ plead$ 8,n ,guilty40 ,,f9d+s ,( ! ,specification1 #a/ ,*>ge1 & ( ! #a/ ,*>ge1 8,n ,guilty40 ,( ! ,specifications1 #b;d ,*>ge1 & ( ! #b;d ,*>ge1 8,guilty40 ,,s5t5ce 8,to be dismiss$ ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,! s5t5ce hav+ be5 approv$ by ! conv5+ au?ority & ! record ( trial =w>d$ = ! action ( ! ,presid5t "u ! #ajf? ,article ( ,w>1 ! foll[+ are 8 ord]s !reon3 ,! s5t5ce ( dismissal impos$ by ! g5]al c\rt-m>tial 9 ! =ego+ case ( ,capta9 ,john ,smi?1 ,u4 ,s4 ,infantry1 is h]eby confirm$ & w be c>ri$ into execution4 ,woodr[ ,wilson4 ,! ,:ite ,h\se1 #c ,janu>y1 #aiag4 ,capt4 ,john ,smi?1 ,u4 ,s4 ,infantry1 ceases to be an (fic] ( ! ,army f ,janu>y #f1 #aiag4 7#bdieeib1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o47 ,by ,ord] ( ,! ,secret>y ( ,w>3 ,h4 ,l4 ,,scott4 ,major ,g5]al1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,i,n1 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,"h is an example ( a ,g5]al ,ord] ( a ,t]ritorial ,dep>tm5t4 ,,g5]al ,,ord]s1 ,,headqu>t]s ,,ea/]n ,no4 #a4 ,,dep>tm5t1 ,gov]nors ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y41 ,janu>y #a1 #aiaf4 ,?is ord] sup]s$es ,g5]al ,ord]s1 ,no4 #a1 ,headqu>t]s ,ea/]n ,dep>tm5t1 dat$ ,janu>y #a1 #aiae1 & all am5datory ord]s !reto1 toge!r ) all bullet9s publi%$ h]et(ore4 ,,by ,,comm& ,,( ,,major ,,g5]al ,,wood3 ,,edw9 ,f4 ,,gl5n1 ,colonel1 ,g5]al ,/aff1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,(ficial3 ,w4 ,a4 ,,simpson1 ,adjutant ,g5]al1 ,adjutant4 ,! above ord] is ! fir/ page ( an alphabetical li/ ( g5]al ord]s 9 =ce 9 ! ,dep>tm5t4 ,"s ( !m h be5 orig9at$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ,comm&] & "s h be5 made to comply ) ,w> ,dep>tm5t in/ructions4 ,! g5]al ord] ( a ,dep>tm5t cov]+ c\rt-m>tial cases is ! same z t ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ) ! exception ( ! caption :i* is giv5 bel[4 ,g5]al ,c\rt-,m>tial ,,headqu>t]s ,,ea/]n ,ord]s1 ,no4 #f4 ,,dep>tm5t4 ,gov]nors ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y41 ,jan4 #bb1 #aiaf4 ,"h is an example ( a ,po/ ,g5]al ,ord]4 ,headqu>t]s ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy1 ,we/ ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 ,febru>y #bg1 #aiag4 ,g5]al ,ord]s1 ,no4 #g4 #a4 ,a v]tical fil+ sy/em 7! ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,correspond5ce ,file1 a subjective decimal classification = arrang+ & fil+ ,w> ,dep>tm5t correspond5ce7 w be us$ exclusively 9 record+ & fil+ correspond5ce at ^! headqu>t]s & also 9 ! (fices ( ! ,qu>t]ma/] & ( ! ,treasur] on & aft] ,m>* #a1 #aiag4 #b4 ,! op]ation ( ,g5]al ,ord]s1 ,no4 #ib1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 #aiji1 z modifi$ by subsequ5t ord]s1 prescrib+ ! c>d record sy/em n[ 9 use g5]ally at adm9i/rative headqu>t]s1 has be5 susp5d$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t z f> z ^! headqu>t]s is conc]n$4 #c4 ,! "n ( ! writ] sign+ an orig9al pap] w be ins]t$ on c>bon copies t are =w>d$4 ,"o c>bon copy ( all typewritt5 reports1 lett]s1 & indorsem5ts 7except %ort1 r\t9e indorsem5ts71 w be made on /&>d lett] size pap] 7n p]=at$7 = use 9 ! records at ^! headqu>t]s4 ,su* copy w be di/9ctly m>k$ 8,= ,headqu>t]s ,records10 & w n be )drawn at subord9ate (fices4 #d4 ,copies ( ! publication entitl$ 8,w> ,dep>tm5t ,correspond5ce ,file0 & ,circul> ,no4 #a1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,m>* #bd1 #aiad1 expla9+ & giv+ in/ructions z to ! op]ation ( ?is sy/em1 w be suppli$ by ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army ^u application direct4 ,by ord] ( ,colonel ,biddle3 ,c4 ,c4 ,,c>t]1 ,major1 ,c4 ,a4 ,c41 ,adjutant4 ,if a ,po/ ,g5]al ,ord] cov]s a c\rt-m>tial case tri$ by a g5]al c\rt1 ! ord] numb] w appe> ?us3 ,g5]al ,c\rt-,m>tial ,ord]s1 ,no4 #d4 ,if x cov]s "o tri$ by a special c\rt1 x w appe> ?us3 ,special ,c\rt-,m>tial ,ord]s1 ,no4 #d4 ,! sep>ate battalion or company w\ld issue ord]s on ! same g5]al plan z po/ g5]al ord]s4 ,! ord] numb] w\ld appe> ?us3 ,ord]s3 ,no4 #f4 ,,special ,,ord]s diff] f ,g5]al ,ord]s 9 t ! =m] ref] to individuals4 ,"h is an example ( a ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,special ,ord]4 ,,special ,,ord]s ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,no4 #bhi4 ,wa%+ton1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aiaf4 #a4 ,! leave ( abs5ce on acc\nt ( sickness grant$ ,john ,j4 ,nobbo1 ,fir/ ,lieut5ant1 #ac? ,cavalry1 9 ,special ,ord]s1 ,no4 #aif1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,augu/ #bb1 #aiaf1 is ext5d$ ?ree mon?s on surgeon's c]tificate ( disability1 & ^u ! expiration ( ?is leave ,lieut4 ,nobbo w report to ! comm&+ (fic]1 ,=t ,riley1 ,kan41 = exam9ation z to 8 physical condition by ! surgeon at ! po/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! ,special ,ord]s !n take up tw5ty diff]5t individuals 9 tw5ty p>agraphs & end )1-- #bb4 ,capt4 ,alfr$ ,w4 ,p]k9s1 ,infantry1 ,deta*$ ,(fic]s' ,li/1 w repair to ?is city & report 9 p]son to ! ,*ief ( ,/aff = duty 9 connection ) ! ,res]ve ,(fic]s' ,tra9+ ,corps1 & ^u completion ( ?is duty w return to 8 prop] /ation4 ,! travel direct$ is necess>y 9 ! milit>y s]vice4 7#bejcbhb1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o47 ,by ,ord] ( ,! ,secret>y ( ,w>3 ,h4 ,l4 ,,scott1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,i,n1 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,! sep>ate p>agraphs are also made up into extract copies z foll[s3 ,,special ,,ord]s1 ,no4 #bhi4 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,wa%+ton1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aiaf4 ,extract 99 99 99 99 99 #c4 ,private ,clif=d ,h4 ,wor?+ton1 ,milit>y ,academy ,deta*m5t ( ,field ,artill]y1 ,we/ ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 is transf]r$ z private second class to ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t & is assign$ to duty at t po/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>3 ,h4 ,l4 ,,scott1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,act+ ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,i,n1 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,dep>tm5ts1 ,po/s1 ,regim5ts1 ,brigades1 ,divisions1 ,corps1 ,field ,armies1 & ,armies foll[ ! same s*eme z above = _! ,special ,ord]s4 ,,circul>s are issu$ seldom b h great =ce4 ,!y are sign$ directly by ! heads ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps1 ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t or ( :atev] bureau pr9ts ! circul>4 ,"h is an example ( a ,circul> issu$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,wa%+ton1 ,janu>y #bd1 #aiag4 ,,circul>3 ,! foll[+ resolution 0 adopt$ by ! ,s5ate on ,janu>y #af1 #aijh1 & is n[ "o ( its /&+ rules3 ,resolv$1 ,t no communications f heads ( dep>tm5ts1 commission]s1 *iefs ( bureaus1 or o!r executive (fic]s1 except :5 au?oriz$ or requir$ by law1 or :5 made 9 response to a resolution ( ! ,s5ate1 w be receiv$ by ! ,s5ate unless su* communications %all be transmitt$ to ! ,s5ate by ! ,presid5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,*iefs ( bureaus & o!rs1 9 prep>+ communications = ! signature ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 w please con=m to ! =ego+ rules & in/ructions4 ,,newton ,d4 ,,bak]1 ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,"h is a ,circul> issu$ by ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps4 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,(fice ( ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,g5]al1 ,u4 ,s4 ,army1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,augu/ #bg1 #aiag4 ,circul>1 ,no4 #i4 ,pur*ases ( ,supplies #a4 ,dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! pres5t em]g5cy ! foll[+ regulations are prescrib$ "u ! au?ority conta9$ 9 ! act ( ,m>* #d1 #aiae3 7a7 ,:]e ! "t = deliv]y is n to exce$ #cj days f date ( acceptance ( ! aw>d1 irrespective ( ! am\nt involv$1 supplies may be procur$ by contract ( brief =m aft] ! mann] ( proposal & acceptance agreem5t1 9 accordance ) =m to be au?oriz$ !re=4 7b7 ,! regulations prescrib$ by ,circul> ,no4 #g1 ,(fice ( ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,g5]al1 ,m>* #bc1 #aiae1 s f> z 9 conflict ) ! =ego+1 are h]eby susp5d$ dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! pres5t em]g5cy4 ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,%>pe1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,g5]al1 ,u4 ,s4 ,army4 #ajiaf--ag ,,bullet9s are issu$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t & t]ritorial ,dep>tm5ts4 ,_! purpose is ! publication ( in=mation4 ,!y are m num]\s ?an ,circul>s4 ,"h is ! fir/ page ( a ,bullet9 ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,,bullet9 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,no4 #ah4 ,wa%+ton1 ,april #f1 #aiag4 ,! foll[+ dige/ ( op9ions ( ! ,judge ,advocate ,g5]al ( ! ,army1 = ! mon? ( ,m>*1 #aiag1 & ( c]ta9 decisions ( ! ,comptroll] ( ! ,treasury & ( c\rts1 toge!r ) notes on milit>y ju/ice prep>$ "u ! direction ( ! ,judge ,advocate ,g5]al1 & a compilation ( ,f$]al & ,/ate laws prohibit+ discrim9ation aga9/ ! uni=m1 is publi%$ = ! in=mation ( ! s]vice 9 g5]al4 7#bebfdac ,b-,a4 ,g4 ,o47 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>3 ,h4 ,l4 ,,scott1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,i,n1 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 #higic-ag--a ,!n foll[ tw5ty-?ree pages ( ! op9ions ( ! ,judge ,advocate ,g5]al4 ,"h is ano!r fir/ page ( a ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,bullet94 ,,bullet9 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,no4 #ad4 ,wa%+ton1 ,m>* #ab1 #aiag4 ,! accompany+ tabulat$ /atem5t %[s ! /&+ ( organizations ( ! ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps bas$ on figures ( m]it atta9$ at t>get practice dur+ ! ye> #aiaf1 & ! hits by calib]s at v>i\s ranges 9 #aiaf4 ,slight errors 9 ! figures ( m]it h be5 correct$ )\t return+ ! reports to ! organizations conc]n$4 7#becgaja1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o47 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>3 ,h4 ,l4 ,,scott1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,i,n1 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 #hcfja-ag--a ,:at foll[s = n9e pages is a table ( /ati/ics on ,coa/ ,artill]y fir+ records4 ,t]ritorial ,dep>tm5ts issue ,bullet9s seldom4 ,! pamphlets :5 !y d appe>1 foll[ ! same plan z ^? ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,,memor&a1 are issu$ by po/s1 regim5ts1 & sep>ate battalions--by ! small] units4 ,memor&a deal ) subjects :i* are n s important 9 a milit>y way z ! =ego+ ord]s4 ,!y may be numb]$1 z 9 ! foll[+ case1 :5 !y are ( a p]man5t nature4 ,,headqu>t]s ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,milit>y ,,academy1 ,we/ ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 ,octob] #h1 #aiag4 ,memor&um1 ,no4 #cd4 ,to prev5t damage & dang] f fires1 p>5ts & o!rs w ex]cise great c>e 9 all[+ *ildr5 "u age ( discretion to h access to1 or to h&le mat*es1 or 9 all[+ !m to burn leaves or o!r combu/ibles 9 any "p ( ! ,po/4 7#fhj4bc7 ,by ord] ( ,colonel ,tillman3 ,d4 ,h4 ,,torrey1 ,capta9 ( ,infantry1 ,adjutant4 ,!y may be unnumb]$1 z 9 ! foll[+ case1 :5 !y are ( a tempor>y nature4 ,we/ ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 ,febru>y #bg1 #aiag4 ,,memor&um3 ,resid5ts ( ! ,po/ are in=m$ t a case ( *ick5 pox exi/s at ! ,hotel4 ,! usual precautions aga9/ spread+ ! disease are enjo9$4 7,tel4 memo4 ,surgeon47 ,by ord] ( ,colonel ,biddle3 ,c4 ,c4 ,,c>t]1 ,major1 ,c4 ,a4 ,c41 ,adjutant4 ,,note4--,! ,w> ,dep>tm5t issues also c]ta9 ,special ,regulations = p>ticul> ,g5]al ,ord]s to :i* x wi%es to call att5tion1 & puts out 9 pamphlet =m ,*anges to ,regulations4 ,bo? ,special ,regulations & ,*anges belong to ! class ( ! ,g5]al ,ord]1 &1 !re=e1 are n tak5 up sep>ately "h4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,(ficial ,,correspond5ce--,,explanations--,,lectu res ,(ficial ,correspond5ce includes (ficial lett]s1 rolls1 returns1 e/imates1 requisitions1 & r\t9e reports4 ,! ,(ficial ,lett] includes 7#a7 lett]s to p]sons 9 ! milit>y s]vice1 7#b7 lett]s to p]sons outside ! milit>y s]vice1 & 7#c7 (ficial telegrams4 ,numb] #a has its p>ticul> milit>y =m :i* mu/ be precisely foll[$4 ,x consi/s ( ,! ,brief ,! ,body ,! ,end+ ,indorsem5ts ,enclosures ,! ,brief consi/s ( ! foll[+ 9 ! ord] ,! ,head+ ,f ,:om ,s5t giv5 ,to ,:om ,s5t ,! ,subject ,an example ( a ,brief w\ld be3 ,hq4 ,ea/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ,gov]nors ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y41 ,may #ba1 #aidj4 ,f3 ,! ,adjutant4 ,to3 ,capta9 ,james ,l4 ,d\glas1 #ii? ,inf4 7,?r\gh ,c4 ,o4 ,madison ,b>racks1 ,n4 ,y47 ,subject3 ,delay 9 submitt+ report4 ,ano!r example w\ld be3 ,company ,a1 #ii? ,infantry1 ,madison ,b>racks1 ,n4 ,y41 ,jan4 #i1 #aidj4 ,f3 ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,co4 ,a1 #ii? ,inf4 ,to3 ,! ,comm&+ ,(fic]4 ,subject3 ,insuffici5cy ( %oes4 ,ano!r example ( a ,brief w\ld be3 ,madison ,b>racks1 ,n4 ,y41 ,jan4 #aj1 #aidj4 ,f3 ,capta9 ,james ,l4 ,d\glas1 #ii? ,inf4 ,to3 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army 7,?r\gh ,c4 ,o4 ,madison ,b>racks1 ,n4 ,y47 ,subject3 ,reque/ = leave ( abs5ce4 ,! head+ consi/s ( ! "n ( ! (fice1 place1 & date4 ,9 ! fir/ example ! "n ( ! (fice 0 8,headqu>t]s1 ,ea/]n ,dep>tm5t40 ,9 ! second1 8,company ,a1 #ii? ,infantry40 ,9 ! ?ird1 !re 0 no (fice nam$ because ! lett] 0 writt5 by an (fic] z an individual & n z an executive ( an organization4 ,! place is ! po/-(fice address ( an (fic]'s /ation 9 any case4 8,indef9ite expressions ( locality1 :i* d n indicate :]e ! lett] 0 writt510#ai %\ld nev] be us$4 ,! date is writt5 on ! same l9e z ! place1 except :]e no (fice is designat$2 & x is writt5 n z 9 communications deal+ ) combat1 b 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! 8,f0 9 ! ,f ,:om ,s5t beg9s "o l9e 7if typ$1 two l9es7 bel[ ! head+ & at ! left-h& m>g94 ,x is foll[$ by ! (ficial designation ( ! writ]1 or 9 ! abs5ce ( any (ficial designation1 ! "n ( writ] ) 8 rank & regim5t1 corps1 or dep>tm5t4 ,! rank is writt5 be=e ! "n2 & ! regim5t1 corps1 or dep>tm5t aft] ! "n4 ,directly bel[ ! 8,f0 is plac$ ! 8,to0 9 ,to ,:om ,s5t1 foll[$ by ! (ficial designation or "n ( ! p]son address$4 ,:at foll[s 8,to0 is writt5 9 ! same mann] z :at foll[s 8,f40 ,directly bel[ ! 8,to0 comes ! ^w 8,subject0 :i* is foll[$ by an expression :i* w give ! gi/ ( ! ,body ( ! lett]4 ,?is expression w be boil$ to a m9imum & w n exce$ t5 words4 ,! words 8,f10 8,to10 & 8,subject0 w be imm$iately foll[$ by colons1 & ! 8,f10 8,t10 & 8,s0 w be on ! same v]tical l9e4 ,! ,body ( ! lett] w comprise "o subject only4 ,a leave ( abs5ce & a decision1 = in/ance1 w n be reque/$ 9 ! same lett]4 ,two sep>ate communications w be writt54 ,?is proc$ure is m]ely t ( c>ry+ out ! pr9ciple ( unity 9 ! :ole composition4 ,a violation 9 ?is reg>d causes endless worry to ! receiv+ (fice & a des]v$ rebuke = ! writ]4 ,:5 typewritt51 ! body ( ! lett] w be s+le-spac$4 ,d\ble spaces w be us$ betwe5 p>agraphs4 ,! body %\ld beg9 on ! second fold ( ! pap]4 ,! p>agraphs w be numb]$1 w ea* conta9 "o topic1 & w be arrang$ 9 a logical sequ5ce ( topics4 ,?us if we 7 to write out ! ,body ( ! lett] = ! la/ illu/ration ( ! ,brief1 we %\ld h x appe> ab\t z foll[s3 #a4--;,i reque/ a leave ( abs5ce = five mon?s to take effect on or ab\t ,febru>y #a1 #aidj4 #b4--,my reasons = ?is reque/ are v urg5t at ?is "t4 ,i h _h t5 ye>s ( cont9u\s s]vice )\t a leave ( any k9d1 & ,i feel ! ne$ ( m ?an an ord9>y re/4 ,besides1 my private affairs are 9 su* %ape t ! matt] ( /raight5+ !m out w require at lea/ all ( ! p]iod reque/$4 #c4--,my address :ile on leave w be c>e ( ,a/or ,hotel1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,! ,end+ ,! ,signature4 consi/s ( ,! ,rank4 ,! ,regim5t1 ,corps1 or ,dep>tm5t4 8,(ficial communications w be sign$ or au!nticat$ ) ! p5 & n by facsimiles1 & if writt5 by ord]1 x w be /at$ by ^: ord]4 ,signatures w be pla9ly & legibly writt54 ,by virtue ( ! commission & assignm5t to duty1 ! adjutant ( any comm& transacts ! bus9ess or correspond5ce ( t comm& ov] 8 signature2 b :5 ord]s or in/ructions ( any k9d are giv51 ! au?ority by :i* he gives ! ord] mu/ be /at$40#bj 8,! ,body ( ! lett] w be foll[$ by ! ,signature4 ,if ! ,rank & ! ,regim5t1 ,corps or ,dep>tm5t ( ! writ] appe> at ! beg9n+ ( ! lett]1 !y w n appe> aft] 8 "n2 b if !y d n appe> at ! beg9n+ ( ! lett]1 !y w foll[ "u 8 "n40#ba ,to illu/rate fully :at we h said1 let u write ! ,body & ,end+ ( ! fir/ illu/ration ( ! ,brief3 ,! ,dep>tm5t ,comm&] directs t y submit )\t delay ! report ( y\r rec5t inspection ( ! ,organiz$ ,militia ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 & t y also submit an explanation ( y\r failure to comply ) p>4 #f1 ,s4 ,o4 #be1 c4 s41 ^! headqu>t]s4 ,j4 ,l4 ,?ur/1 ,lieut4 ,col41 #bd? ,cav4 ,"o-half in* bel[ ! ,end+ ( ! lett] comes ! fir/ ( ! ,indorsem5ts1 & ! succe$+ ,indorsem5ts foll[ "o ano!r s]ially1 ) a space ( ab\t "o-half in* betwe5 ,indorsem5ts4 ,lett]s 9 ! milit>y s]vice are n answ]$ 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we use ! t]m 9 civilian life4 ,9 o!r words1 ! p]son :o receives a lett] does n reta9 x & reply !reto by ano!r4 ,in/ead he /ates :at he has to say 9 an ,indorsem5t1 :i* is put d[n 9 cont9uation ( ! orig9al lett]4 ,?us ev]y?+ :i* has be5 writt5 9 reg>d to ! cont5ts ( a lett] appe>s z a "p ( ! lett] :5 x is f9ally fil$4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,d\glas' reque/ = leave ( abs5ce1 = example1 rea*es ! headqu>t]s ( 8 regim5t1 x has add$ to x ! ,colonel's indorsem5t :i* appe>s z foll[s1 provid$ ! ,colonel wi%es ! ,capta9 to obta9 ! leave3 #a/ ,ind4 ,hq4 #ii? ,inf41 ,madison ,b>racks1 ,n4 ,y41 ,jan4 #aa1 #aidj-- ,to ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,dept4 ( ! ,ea/4 ,approv$ recomm5d$4 ,e4 ,f4 ,hu%1 ,colonel1 #ii? ,inf41 ,comdg4 ,! s]ial numb] ( indorsem5ts1 ! place1 ! date1 & to :om writt51 w be writt5 z %[n above4 ,:5 typewritt51 !y w be writt5 s+le-spac$1 ) a d\ble space betwe5 p>agraphs4 ,%\ld "o or m additional %eets be necess>y = ! ,body or ,indorsem5ts1 %eets ( ! same size z ! fir/ w be add$4 ,only "o side ( ! pap] w be us$ = writ+4 ,indorsem5ts ( a r\t9e nature su* z ref]r+1 transmitt+1 =w>d+1 & return+ pap]s1 w n be sign$ ) ! full "n1 b ) initials4 ,:5 ! lett] ( ! ,dep>tm5t ,comm&] to ,capta9 ,d\glas rea*es ! ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,madison ,b>racks1 ,n4 ,y41 :o is also ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 #ii? ,infantry1 ! latt] may d ei!r ( two ?+s4 ,he may simply =w>d ! lett] to ,capta9 ,d\glas )\t comm5t1 because he deems ! lett] suffici5t = ! purpose2 or he may add a discipl9>y ^w also4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! indorsem5t w\ld appe> z foll[s3 #a/ ,ind4 ,hq4 #ii? ,inf41 ,madison ,b>racks1 ,n4 ,y41 ,may #bc1 #aidj--,to ,capta9 ,james ,l4 ,d\glas1 #ii? ,inf41 ,=w>d$1 ,a4 ,d4 ,t4 ,9 ! second case ! indorsem5t w\ld appe> z foll[s3 #a/ ,ind4 ,hq4 #ii? ,inf41 ,madison ,bks41 ,n4 ,y41 ,may #bc1 #aidj--,to ,capta9 ,james ,l4 ,d\glas1 #ii? ,inf4 ,= compliance4 ,by ord] ( ,colonel ,mai%1 ,a4 ,d4 ,?omas1 ,capt4 #ii? ,inf41 ,adjutant4 ,! ,body & ,indorsem5ts ( lett]s are sign$ by ! ,adjutant :5 ! lett]s are address$ to ^? l[] 9 rank ?an ! ,comm&+ ,(fic]4 ,!y are sign$ by ! ,comm&+ ,(fic] himself :5 address$ to ^? high] 9 rank ?an ! ,comm&+ ,(fic]4 ,lett]s are nev] address$ to adjutants4 ,9 connection ) indorsem5ts x might be well to quote :at ,army ,regulations say 9 _! reg>d4 8,communications1 :e!r f a subord9ate to a sup]ior1 or vice v]sa1 w pass ?r\gh int]m$iate comm&]s4 ,?is rule w n be int]pret$ z includ+ matt]s 9 relation to :i* int]m$iate comm&]s c h no k1 & ov] :i* !y are n expect$ to ex]cise control4 ,*iefs ( ,w> ,dep>tm5t bureaus are int]m$iate comm&]s betwe5 high] au?ority & ! (fic]s & enli/$ m5 ( _! respective corps or dep>tm5ts1 :o are s]v+ "u ! exclusive control ( !mselves & _! subord9ates4 ,v]bal communications w be gov]n$ by ! same rules z to *annels z writt5 communications4 ,:5 necessity requires communications to be s5t ?r\gh o!r ?an ! prescrib$ *annel1 ! necessity !re= w be /at$4 ,communications f sup]iors to subord9ates w be answ]$ ?r\gh ! same *annels z receiv$4 ,except z provid$ above1 all communications1 reports1 & e/imates f (fic]s s]v+ at a milit>y po/1 & communications ( e nature address$ to !m relat+ to affairs ( ! po/1 w pass ?r\gh ! po/ comm&]4 ,(fic]s :o =w>d communications w indorse !reon _! approval or disapproval1 ) rem>ks4 ,no communication w be =w>d$ to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t by a dep>tm5t comm&] or o!r sup]ior (fic] = ! action ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w> )\t "s recomm5dations or expression ( op9ion40 ,x may (t5 be necess>y to enclose o!r lett]s1 c]ta9 docum5ts1 or ev5 bulki] mat]ial ) a lett]4 ,su* addition to a lett] is call$ an ,inclosure & is submitt$ z "p ( ! lett]4 ,inclosures to ! orig9al communication w be not$ on ! face ( ! lett] at ! left-h& m>g9 opposite ! signature1 ?us3 #b ,incls4 ,j4 ,l4 ,d\glas1 ,capt4 #ii? ,inf4 ,! inclosures !mselves w be numb]$ on ! outside4 ,! two inclosures ( ! above example w\ld be m>k$ #a & #b4 ,if o!rs are add$ :5 an indorsem5t is made1 _! numb] w be not$ at ! foot ( ! indorsem5t & ^u !mselves1 z j describ$ = ! orig9al communication4 ,if few 9 numb] or n bulky1 inclosures may be kept inside ! orig9al pap]2 o!rwise !y %\ld be fold$ toge!r 9 a wrapp] m>k$ 8,inclosures40 ,if kept )9 ! pap] !y lie betwe5 folds a & b bel[4 ,n[ t we h discuss$ 9 ord] ! diff]5t p>ts ( an (ficial lett] to a p]son 9 ! milit>y s]vice1 let u see h[ ! v>i\s p>ts appe> :5 assembl$4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #bjci ,company ,b1 #dj? ,infantry1 ,=t ,william ,h4 ,sew>d1 ,alaska1 ,july #ai1 #aiab4 a ,f3 ,! ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,co4 ,b1 #dj? ,inf4 ,to3 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army4 7,?r\gh milit>y *annels47 ,subject3 ,philipp9e campaign badges4 ,inclos$ are li/s 9 duplicate ( enli/$ m5 ( ,company ,b1 #dj? ,infantry1 entitl$ to ! ,philipp9e campaign badge4 ,john ,a4 ,br[n1 #b ,incls4 ,capt41 #dj? ,inf4 b #hbd #a/ ,ind4 ,hq4 ,ft4 ,william ,h4 ,sew>d1 ,alaska1 ,july #ai1 #aiab-- ,to ! ,comdg4 ,g54 ,dept41 ( ! ,columbia4 ,s4 ,f4 ,?omas1 #b ,incls4 ,col41 #dj? ,inf41 ,comdg4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd ,we/]n ,dept41 ,july #cj1 #aiab4 #hjdc #b;d ,ind4 ,hq4 ,we/]n ,dept41 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 ,july #ca1 #aiab-- ,to ,! ,adjt4 ,g54 ( ! ,army1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 c ,ar?ur ,e4 ,gre51 #b ,incls4 ,col41 ,g54 ,/aff1 9 abs5ce ( ! ,dep>tm5t ,comm&]4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd ,a4 ,g4 ,o41 ,aug4 #e1 #aiab4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #aidbbhf #c;d ,ind4 ,w> ,dept41 ,a4 ,g4 ,o41 ,aug4 #h1 #aiab-- ,to ! ,c4 ,o41 ,co4 ,i1 #ej? ,inf41 ?r\gh ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t4 #a4 ,in=mation is reque/$ z to :e!r ! records ( ! company %[ t ,corporal ,doe1 ,co4 ,i1 #ej? ,inf41 s]v$ 9 ! field aga9/ ho/ile natives on ! ,isl& ( ,panay dur+ ,july1 #aijg4 #b4 ,! e>ly return ( ^! pap]s is desir$4 ,by ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>3 ,?omas ,h4 ,smi?1 #b ,incls4 ,adjt4 ,g54 7,/amp7 ,rec'd ,phil4 ,dept41 ,sept4 #ad1 #aiab4 #giice #d? ,ind4 ,hq4 ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t1 ,manila1 ,p4 ,i41 ,sept4 #ae1 #aiab--,to ! ,c4 ,o41 ,co4 ,i1 #ej? ,inf41 ?r\gh ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,di/4 ( ,m9danao4 #b ,incls4 ,a4 ,m4 ,b4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd ,di/4 ,m9d41 ,sept4 #bd1 #aiab4 #cdfg #e? ,ind4 ,hq4 ,di/4 ( ,m9danao1 ,zamboanga1 ,p4 ,i41 ,sept4 #be1 #aiab--,to ! ,c4 ,o41 ,co4 ,i1 #ej? ,inf41 ,camp ,kei?ley1 ,m9d41 ,p4 ,i41 ?r\gh ! ,po/ ,comm&]4 #b ,incls4 ,s4 ,v4 ,b4 #aacb #f? ,ind4 ,hq4 ,camp ,kei?ley1 ,m9d41 ,p4 ,i41 ,sept4 #bh1 #aiab--,to ! ,c4 ,o41 ,co4 ,i1 #ej? ,inf4 #b ,incls4 ,e4 ,f4 ,h4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd ,co4 ,i1 #ej? ,inf41 ,sept4 #bi1 #aiab4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #eab #g? ,ind4 ,co4 ,i1 #ej? ,inf41 ,camp ,kei?ley1 ,m9d41 ,p4 ,i41 ,oct4 #d1 #aiab-- ,to ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,di/4 ( ,m9danao1 ?r\gh ! ,c4 ,o41 ,camp ,kei?ley1 ,p4 ,i4 #a4 ,inclos$ are extracts f ! po/ ord]s & morn+ report ( ?is company1 :i* conta9 all t !re is ( record reg>d+ ! s]vice ( ,corporal ,doe ref]r$ to h]e94 ,inclos$ also is affidavit ( ,corporal ,jones z to ,corporal ,doe's s]vice4 #b4 ,x is believ$ t ! records ( ! headqu>t]s1 ,di/rict ( ,m9danao1 may conta9 ! in=mation desir$4 7#c incls4 add$47 ,edw>d ,fr5*1 #e ,incls4 ,capt41 #ej? ,inf41 ,comdg4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd back1 ,camp ,kei?ley1 ,oct4 #e1 #aiab4 #h? ,ind4 ,hq4 ,camp ,kei?ley1 ,m9d41 ,p4 ,i41 ,oct4 #e1 #aiab-- ,to ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,di/rict ( ,m9d4 #e ,incls4 ,a4 ,c4 ,d\glas1 ,maj41 #ej? ,inf41 ,comdg4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd back1 ,di/4 ,m9d41 ,oct4 #f1 #aiab4 #cdfg #i? ,ind4 ,hq4 ,dept4 ( ,m9danao1 ,zamboanga1 ,p4 ,i41 ,oct4 #ab1 #aiab--,to ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t4 ,!re is no?+ on file at ^! headqu>t]s be>+ on ! s]vice ( ,corporal ,doe ref]r$ to h]e94 ,william ,jones1 #e ,incls4 ,brig4 ,g541 ,comdg4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd back1 ,phil4 ,dept41 ,oct4 #bc1 #aiab4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #giice #aj? ,ind4 ,hq4 ,philipp9es ,dep>tm5t1 ,manila1 ,p4 ,i41 ,oct4 #bd1 #aiab-- ,to ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,di/4 ( ,m9danao1 ) directions to )draw affidavit ( ,corporal ,jones1 x be+ propos$ to inclose an affidavit f ,s]geant ,blank1 :o is on duty at ^! headqu>t]s & :o is prep>$ to furni% a m complete affidavit ?an t furni%$ by ,corporal ,jones4 ,by comm& ( ,major ,g5]al ,:ite3 ,&rew ,br[n1 #e ,incls4 ,adjt4 ,g54 7,/amp7 ,rec'd back1 ,di/4 ,m9d41 ,nov4 #c1 #aiab4 #cdfg #aa? ,ind4 ,hq4 ,di/4 ( ,m9danao1 ,zamboanga1 ,p4 ,i41 ,nov4 #d1 #aiab-- ,to ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t1 ! =ego+ directions h be5 compli$ )4 7,incl4 #e )drawn47 ,william ,jones1 #d ,incls4 ,brig4 ,g541 ,comdg4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd back1 ,phil4 ,dept41 ,nov4 #ae1 #aiab4 #giice #ab? ,ind4 ,hq4 ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t1 ,manila1 ,p4 ,i41 ,nov4 #af1 #aiab-- ,to ! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army1 invit+ att5tion to ! prec$+ indorsem5ts & to ! accompany+ inclosures4 7#a ,incl4 add$47 #e ,incls4 ,maj4 ,g541 ,comdg4 7,/amp7 ,rec'd back1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o41 ,dec4 #bc1 #aiab4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,! dott$ l9es on page #a ( ! model repres5t ! creases betwe5 ! folds a1 b1 & c4 a conta9s ! ,brief 9 ! relative position %[n & is fold$ away f b1 ! crease betwe5 ! two be+ t[>d ! read]4 b beg9s ! ,body & may conta9 x or only a "p ( x accord+ to its l5g?4 c conta9s ! cont9uation ( ! ,body or ! :ole or p>ts ( indorsem5ts1 z ! case may be4 b & c are fold$ t[>d ea* o!r1 ! crease betwe5 ! two be+ away f ! read]4 ,page #b conta9s ! body or indorsem5ts ( ! lett]4 ,all pages are fold$ z page #a 9 ?ree equal folds4 ,:5 foolscap is us$ in/ead ( ! ord9>y siz$ lett] pap] z above1 ! only diff]5ce is t !re is an extra fold4 ,imag9e ?is fold to be tack$ on to ! bottom ( page #a 9 ! example & to be m>k$ d4 d & c w\ld be fold$ j z b & c4 ,! page w\ld conta9 a ?ird crease & be a fold long]4 ,o!rwise ! lett] w\ld be ! same z ! fir/ "o describ$4 ,! numb] at ! upp] left-h& corn] is ! fil+ numb] ( ! (fice4 ,x w be notic$ 9 ! sev5? indorsem5t t ?ree inclosures h be5 add$4 ,! :ole transaction is not$ 9 ! prop] place4 ,! elev5? & twelf? indorsem5ts %\ld be notic$ 9 ! same reg>d4 ,:]e 8/amp0 appe>s 9 p>5!sis1 ! ^w does n actually occur 9 lett]s4 ,x indicates t ! (fice :i* receiv$ ! lett] not$ by means ( a rubb] /amp at t p>ticul> place on ! lett] ! date on :i* ! communication 0 receiv$ or receiv$ back4 ,9 o!r words1 :at foll[s 87,/amp70 0 plac$ !re by "s "o ( ! (fice =ce z soon z ! lett] 0 receiv$ 9 t (fice4 ,! writ+ on all pages %\ld beg9 "o in* f ! top4 ,! pages1 beg9n+ ) ! fir/ w be numb]$ s]ially4 ,! numb] w be plac$ half way betwe5 ! edges & "o in* above ! bottom ( ! page4 ,9 ref]r+ to an indorsem5t by numb]1 ! numb] ( ! page w also be giv51 ?us3 8#e? ,ind41 page #c40 ,all c]emonial =ms at ! beg9n+ & end ( lett]s su* z 8,sir10 8,i h ! honor10 8,i w\ld respectfully10 8,v respectfully0 & ! l w be omitt$4 ,9 ref]r+1 transmitt+1 =w>d+1 & return+ pap]s1 ! expressions 8,respectfully ref]r$10 8,respectfully transmitt$10 8,respectfully =w>d$10 & 8,respectfully return$10 w also be omitt$4 8,an (fic] w n be designat$ 9 ord]s nor address$ 9 (ficial communications by any o!r title ?an t ( 8 actual rank40#bb ,:]ev] appropriate ! "n %\ld be supplant$ by ! title1 su* z 8,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,co4 ,a1 #ii? ,infantry0 9 place ( 8,capta9 ,james ,l4 ,d\glas40 8,all lett]s & indorsem5ts :i* are typewritt51 except+ lett]s ( transmittal1 reports ( tak+ leave ( abs5ce1 p]iodical reports1 & communications ( a simil> nature1 w be made ) two c>bon copies4 ,"o copy w be reta9$ = ! records ( ! (fice 9 :i* ! lett] 0 writt51 & ! o!r w be =w>d$ ) ! communication = ! files ( ! fir/ (fice 9 :i* a complete copy is requir$ = ! records1 b su* copy w n be reg>d$ z an enclosure4 ,x w be initial$ by ! p]son responsible = ! communication40 8,9 (ficial correspond5ce betwe5 (fic]s or betwe5 (fic]s & (ficials ( o!r bran*es ( ! public s]vice1 & especially 9 matt]s involv+ que/ions ( jurisdiction1 conflict ( au?ority1 or dispute1 (fic]s ( ! ,army are rem9d$ t _! correspond5ce %\ld be c\rte\s 9 tone & free f any expression p>tak+ ( a p]sonal nature or calculat$ to give (f5se4 ,:5ev] que/ions ( su* "* %all arise betwe5 (fic]s & (ficials ( o!r bran*es ( ! public s]vice1 & x is f\nd t !y _c be reconcil$ by an int]*ange ( c\rte\s correspond5ce1 ! (fic] ( ! ,army1 z ! repres5tative ( ! int]e/s ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t 9 ! matt] involv$1 w make a full pres5tation ( ! case to ! ,secret>y ( ,w> ?r\gh ! prop] milit>y *annels1 9 ord] t ! same may be prop]ly consid]$4 ,9 ord] to r$uce ! possibility ( confid5tial communications fall+ into ! h&s ( p]sons o!r ?an ^? = :om !y are int5d$1 ! s5d] w enclose !m 9 an inn] & out] cov]2 ! inn] cov] to be a seal$ envelope or wrapp] address$ 9 ! usual way1 b m>k$ pla9ly 8,confid5tial0 9 su* a mann] t ! notation may be mo/ readily se5 :5 ! out] cov] is remov$4 ,! package ?us prep>$ w !n be enclos$ 9 ano!r seal$ envelope or wrapp] address$ 9 ! ord9>y mann] ) no notation to indicate ! confid5tial nature ( ! cont5ts4 ,! =ego+ applies n only to confid5tial communications entru/$ to ! mails or to telegraph companies1 b also to su* communications entru/$ to mess5g]s pass+ betwe5 diff]5t (fices ( ! same headqu>t]s1 includ+ ! bureaus & (fices ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t40 ,we h s f> discuss$ 9 ?is *apt] (ficial lett]s to p]sons 9 ! milit>y s]vice4 ,we n[ come to consid] ! second =m ( (ficial lett]--! "o to p]sons outside ! milit>y s]vice4 ,(t5 an adjutant or qu>t]ma/] is call$ ^u to write to individuals or firms n conv]sant ) ! milit>y =ms4 ,= a v>iety ( reasons1 ! bus9ess =m 9 t case is be/4 ,9 g5]al ! two =ms pres5t ! foll[+ diff]5ces & lik5esses4 ,! head+s are ! same4 ,! bus9ess =m sub/itutes ! ,address ( ! ,recipi5t & ! ,salutation = ! ,f ,:om ,s5t1 ,to ,:om ,s5t1 & ,subject ( ! milit>y =m4 ,! ,body 9 ea* case foll[s ! pr9ciples ( p>agraph+1 & unity & coh]5ce ( ! :ole1 z set d[n = ! milit>y =m4 ,9 ! bus9ess =m ! p>agraphs ne$ n be numb]$4 ,! bus9ess =m has a complim5t>y close be=e ! signature1 rank1 & organization ( ! writ]4 ,lett]s are reta9$ by ! recipi5t & answ]$ by him ) a new lett]1 ! s5d] reta9+ a c>bon copy4 ,indorsem5ts are n us$ 9 ! bus9ess =m4 ,an example ( a good bus9ess =m appe>s bel[4 ,(fice ( ! ,qu>t]ma/]1 ,we/ ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 ,augu/ #g1 #aicj4 ,messrs4 ,d4 ,c4 ,johnson & ,company1 #cab ,high ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts4 ,g5tlem53 ,9 ref]5ce to y\r lett] ( ! #e? in/41 ,i desire to in=m y t !re is no ne$ "h at pres5t = ! ro(+ m5tion$4 ,i regret t we _c at ?is "t become cu/om]s ( y\r firm1 b we %all hold y 9 m9d :5 ! necessity = ro(+ arises4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,j4 ,h4 ,smi?1 ,major1 ,q4 ,m4 ,corps1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,qu>t]ma/]4 ,! entire address ( ! recipi5t _h be/ be writt5 be=e ! salutation4 ,o!r prop] salutations are3 ,my de> ,sir3 ,my de> ,madam3 ,ladies3 ,o!r prop] ,complim5t>y ,clos+s are3 ,y\rs truly1 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,/ick close to ! =ms ( ! model above4 ,a v slight dep>ture w make y appe> crude4 ,= in/ance1 to say ,d4 ,c4 ,johnson1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,messrs4-- w\ld be entirely wrong4 ,z to ! ,body ( ! lett]1 h[ev]1 write x y\r own way s long z y use words1 phrases1 clauses1 s5t5ces1 & p>agraphs1 ( a k9d we h /riv5 to atta9 ?r\gh\t ?is "w4 ,d n make y\r lett] telegraphic2 complete y\r s5t5ces4 ,! in/ructions giv5 = ! atta9m5t ( ! prop] =ms 9 ord9>y bus9ess communications are 9 no s5se z rigid z ^? giv5 = ! milit>y communication4 ,_m (fic]s n[ use ! milit>y =ms = _! correspond5ce ) bus9ess firms1 &1 inde$1 _m ( ^! firms h !mselves adopt$ ! milit>y =m4 ,! ?ird type ( (ficial lett] is t ( ! (ficial telegram4 ,x does n diff] 9 pr9ciple f ! ord9>y telegram1 & !re=e does n require sep>ate practice4 ,^? :o h conqu]$ ! field message %\ld h no tr\ble 9 its composition4 ,x is writt5 on an (ficial telegraph blank :i* may be obta9$ f ! ,qu>t]ma/]4 ,! blank is = ! purpose ( hav+ ! message g at ,gov]nm5t exp5se4 ,army ,regulations /ate t 8telegrams w be foll[$ by (ficial copies s5t by ! fir/ mail 9 cases ( f9ancial transactions ( m ?an trifl+ importance1 & 9 cases 9 :i* *iefs ( bureaus ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t may deem x necess>y !mselves to s5d1 or to require (fic]s s]v+ "u _! imm$iate control to s5d !m1 su* copies40 ,x is a good ?+ 9 any case to mail a copy ( a telegram4 ,! o!r k9ds ( (ficial correspond5ce :i* ne$ no lett]s to accompany !m are ,rolls1 ,returns1 ,e/imates1 ,requisitions1 & ,r\t9e ,reports4 ,a /udy ( ^! =ms ( communication belongs prop]ly to ! subject ( adm9i/ration4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 simply m5tion$ "h4 ,! pr9cipal ,rolls ) :i* ! novice 9 ! milit>y s]vice is confront$ are ! ,mu/] & ,pay ,rolls4 ,! =m] is r5d]$ e two mon?s & ! latt] e mon?4#bc ,full in/ructions z to :at is requir$ 9 ea* set ( rolls are f\nd on ! la/ page ( ea* =m4 ,on application to ! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army1 a li/ ( model rem>ks = ! rolls w be furni%$4 ,! pr9cipal ,returns ) :i* ! novice %\ld become famili> are ! ,ration1 ,clo?+1 ,ordnance1 ,company 7mon?ly71 & ,field ,returns4 ,e/imates & ,requisitions are us$ mo/ frequ5tly by ! ,supply ,dep>tm5ts4 ,b organizations mu/ prep>e ,e/imates ( :at !y w ne$1 & mu/ prep>e ,requisitions = ! desir$ articles :5 ne$$4 ,! ,clo?+ ,e/imate & ,clo?+ ,requisition are two common & important =ms4 ,among ! ,r\t9e ,reports 9 ! milit>y s]vice %\ld be m5tion$ ! ,morn+1 ,inv5tory & ,inspection1 ,sick1 & c]ta9 ,reports 9 (ficial lett] =m4 ,! =m ( ,r\t9e ,report :i* is mo/ common is ! ,morn+ ,report4 ,,explanations ,z we took up 9 ea* case aft] writt5 "w p]ta9+ to combat ! simil> v]bal task1 s n[ aft] we h discuss$ writt5 correspond5ce we are go+ to dwell ^u ! ord9>y v]bal labor incumb5t ^u (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s 9 ! milit>y s]vice4 ,9 w> or peace a milit>y lead] is useless )\t an effective tongue4 ,we h demon/rat$ 8 uselessness 9 combat2 we %all see t he is j z unsatisfactory 9 tra9+ m5 = combat4 ,! "w ( any milit>y individual 9 comm& ( m5 is n only t ( do+ b also t ( tell+ o!rs h[ to d4 ,! ,explanation ( ! effici5t lead] is a cont9u\s process f morn+ until night4 ,he is con/antly call$ ^u to make 8 words c\nt4 ,if he halts1 he loses "t4 ,if he hesitates1 he makes 8 m5 re/less4 ,he mu/ speak /raight ?r\gh to ! end 9 a cle>-cut way1 nev] h$g+ or repeat+2 & :5 he has f9i%$1 ! li/5]s %\ld feel t ! subject has be5 completely cov]$4 ,if he does n =m ! habit ( s talk+1 he =feits 8 p[] ( lead]%ip4 ,= :at good is an intellig5t or inv5tive (fic]1 if he _c put 8 intellig5ce or inv5tion out ?r\gh 8 lips8 ,! milit>y pr(ession is "o :i* dep5ds ^u quick in/ruction by ^w ( m\?4 ,! (fic] :o does 8 own "w & ! "w ( 8 s]geants too1 is pla9ly ineffici5t4 ,he has avoid$ ! h>d] task--t ( tea*+ o!rs h[ to c>ry on ! "w4 ,he has done worse4 ,he has less5$ ! value ( 8 organization z an automatic ma*9e4 ,:5 he leaves x1 x w ei!r fall to pieces or place a weighty burd5 on ! (fic] reliev+ him4#bd ,!re is "o caution :i* a milit>y man %\ld obs]ve 9 8 spee* on ! drill gr\nd1 9 b>racks1 or 9 ! field4 ,he %\ld n repeat unnecess>ily4 ,he %\ld n all[ 8 m5 to ga9 ! idea t if !y d n li/5 at once he w tell !m lat]4 ,x %\ld be an und]/ood fact t 8 ,explanation1 once /at$1 /&s4 ,( c\rse he may reit]ate dur+ 8 talk = ! sake ( emphasis4 ,b he %\ld by practice be s capable ( tell+ ev]y?+ s unmi/akably ! fir/ "t ov] t no reasonable "q c be ask$4 ,good explanations make = att5tion on ! "p ( 8 m51 & att5tion makes = an increase ( good "w4 ,soon] or lat] ! a*ievem5ts ( 8 organization contra/ x favorably ) o!r organizations & 8 bro!r (fic]s say1 8,he has made a success40 ,mu* ( t success has come to him because he has set = himself1 & foll[$ ^! simple rules3 7#a7 8,i w try today n to say any?+ :i* is n exactly expressive ( :at ,i mean40 7#b7 8,i w try :5ev] ,i write to make myself unmi/akable40 7#c7 8,i w try :5ev] ,i speak to make e ^w di/9ct f e o!r ^w40 7#d7 8,i w try :5ev] ,i read to see h[ o!rs express !mselves s t ,i may at ! next opportunity imitate t "p ( _! /yle :i* says mo/ 9 ! simple/ way40 7#e7 8,i w make e good new ^w my own1 because ! vocabul>y ( my pres5t life is limit$40 7#f7 8,i w d all ?is because by s do+ ,i %all develop myself 9 my pr(ession1 & because ,i may "s day fail t pr(ession if ,i neglect t developm5t n[40 ,,lectures ,lectures are b ext5d$ ,explanations4 ,(fic]s are m & m be+ call$ ^u to appe> be=e l>ge audi5ces ( educat$ p 9 ord] to give to ! c\ntry milit>y k4 ,tra9+ ,camps & w> are increas+ ! necessity = ! deliv]y ( lectures4 ,because ! ,lecture takes m "t1 x %\ld be m c>efully develop$ ?an ! ,explanation4 ,! subject %\ld be divid$ into its v>i\s p>ts 9 a logical way4 ,x %\ld be b\nd toge!r coh]5tly4 ,& ea* "p %\ld h 9 x only :at belongs !re4 ,?is process is simply t ( foll[+ ! rules ( ,engli% ) :i* we are already acqua9t$4 ,! purpose is spe$ & cle>ness4 ,!re are o!r elem5ts :i* ent] into ! bett]m5t ( a long talk4 ,s9ce an audi5ce is human1 !re is reason 9 help+ x ?r\gh a dry subject4 ,! treatm5t ( ! ,lecture may 9 ?is way1 besides aid+ ! int]e/1 make ! po9ts /ick long]4 ,two qualities :i* help to atta9 ?is treatm5t are ,humor & ,pres5ce4 ,ord9>ily ! ,am]ican does n ne$ to be told to cultivate humor4 ,he reeks ) x4 ,b !re are "s in/ructors ^: m9ds "w along s impassively t x is difficult = !m to be wak5$ f _! gravity4 ,to !m ! consci\s developm5t ( ! %ort anecdote1 homely illu/ration1 & incongru\s phrase is a spl5did aid4 ,! great majority1 h[ev]1 mu/ be gu>d$ 9 ! use ( humor4 ,! quality itself may be ov]work$ s t ! proportion ( matt] 9 ! ,lecture is small 9 comp>ison to ! witticisms4 ,humor is b a means to an end4 ,its sole object %\ld be to light5 ! talk 9 ord] to help ! subject into ! auditor's m9d m easily4 ,fun %\ld be incid5tal & made )\t ef=t4 ,z to ,pres5ce m c be said 9 its favor4 ,x is an indisp5sable quality 9 a speak]4 ,if 8 diaphragm is 9 8 m\? dur+ 8 deliv]y1 or if 8 he>t action is viol5t1 ! audi5ce _c be fool$4 ,x w be made uncom=table4 ,a speak] %\ld h su* ord9>y flu5cy ( accurate expression ?r\gh practice t he ent]ta9s no fe>s ( obscure or halt+ language4 ,he %\ld be s famili> ) ! s5sations ( look+ into a numb] ( faces t he w feel at ease4 ,he %\ld impress 8 audi5ce t he enjoys /&+ be=e !m = ! purpose ( imp>t+ int]e/+ k4 ,su* ,pres5ce c be atta9$ only by tak+ advantage ( e opportunity = correct public & private spee*4 ,! milit>y novice %\ld ent] e imp]sonal discussion he c f9d1 & %\ld urge himself to speak :5ev] possible to m ?an a doz5 p at a "t4 ,he mu/ be m ?an an ord9>y talk]1 = he mu/ h spe$ & int]e/ z ready ag5ts ( 8 ideas4 ,to ga9 ^? qualities is a matt] ( con/ant att5tion to speak+ & to writ+ exactly :at he wi%es to say4 ,we h n[ cov]$ ! t]ritory ( milit>y communications4 ,we h se5 ! necessity = correct expression1 & ! difficulty ( its atta9m5t4 ,:at we h done %\ld be b a beg9n+4 ,x may be a long /ruggle to ga9 brevity & cl>ity--! t]se & ! unmi/akable4 ,b a*ievem5t w come ) practice & w repay u fully 9 future satisfaction1 & increas$ wor? 9 our pr(ession4 ,,app5dices#be ,,app5dix ,,=ms ,,( ,,complete ,,field ,,ord]s ,:ile ! foll[+ =ms are giv5 = ! conv5i5ce ( (fic]s 9 ! field1 & ) a view ( secur+ uni=mity 9 ! s]vice1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t no two milit>y situations are ! same4 ,! sequ5ce 9 p>agraph #c is n obligatory1 ! comm&] arrang+ ! details accord+ to 8 be/ judgm5t4 ,= an advance4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r ,troops #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our support+ troops 7a7 ,indep5d5t ,cavalry3 #b4 ,plan ( comm&] ,comm&] #c4 7a7 ,in/ructions = indep5d5t ,troops cavalry--place & "t ( dep>ture1 roads or c\ntry to be cov]$1 special mission 7b7 ,advance ,gu>d3 7b7 ,in/ructions = advance gu>d--place ,comm&] & "t ( dep>ture1 or di/ance at ,troops :i* x is to prec$e ! ma9 body1 r\te1 special mission 7c7 ,ma9 ,body--9 7c7 ,in/ructions = ma9 body--di/ance ord] ( m>*3 at :i* x is to foll[ ! advance gu>d1 ,comm&]#bf or place & "t ( dep>ture 7d7 ,"r left ,flank 7d7 ,in/ructions = flank gu>d--place ,gu>d3 & "t ( dep>ture1 r\te1 special mission ,comm&] 7e7 ,in/ructions = signal troops--l9es ,troops ( in=mation to be e/abli%$1 special 7e7 ,signal ,troops3 mission ,comm&] 7x7 ,in/ructions = outpo/--:5 reliev$1 ,troops subsequ5t duties #d4 ,in/ructions = field tra9--escort1 di/ance 9 re> ( column1 or de/9ation :5 diff]5t f t ( ma9 body1 if disposition n previ\sly cov]$ 9 8,ord]s0 ,in/ructions = sanit>y1 ammunition1 supply & eng9e] tra9s1 :5 necess>y #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$ ,= advance gu>ds4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r ,troops #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our support+ troops 7a7 ,advance ,cavalry3 #b4 ,plan ( comm&] ,comm&] #c4 7a7 ,in/ructions = advance ,troops cavalry--place & "t ( dep>ture1 roads 7b7 ,support3 or c\ntry to be cov]$1 special mission ,comm&] 7b7 ,in/ructions = support--place & ,troops "t ( dep>ture1 r\te1 special mission 7c7 ,res]ve--9 ord] 7c7 ,in/ructions = res]ve--di/ance at ( m>*3 :i* x is to foll[ support ,troops 7d7 ,in/ructions = flank gu>d--place 7d7 ,"r left ,flank & "t ( dep>ture1 r\te1 special mission ,gu>d3 #d4 ,in/ructions = field tra9--g5]ally ,comm&] to jo9 tra9 ( column if n previ\sly ,troops cov]$ 9 ord]s #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t1 location ( l9es ( in=mation ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$ ,a halt = ! night--,camp ) outpo/4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our support+ troops1 includ+ indep5d5t cavalry #b4 ,plan ( comm&]--to encamp or biv\ac #c4 7a7 ,designation ( comm&] & troops ( outpo/1#bg g5]al l9e to be held1 special reconnaissance1 connection ) o!r outpo/s1 if any 7b7 ,in/ructions = troops n detail$ = outpo/ duty--location ( camp1 designation ( camp comm&]1#bh obs]vation ( flanks & re> :5 necess>y1 l9es ( in=mation1 conduct 9 case ( attack #d4 ,in/ructions = field tra9--g5]ally to jo9 troops1 ?\gh if ne> enemy1 field tra9 ( outpo/ troops may be held 9 re>#bi ,in/ructions = sanit>y1 ammunition1 supply1 & eng9e] tra9s1 :5 necess>y #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$ ,= outpo/s4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r ,troops #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our support+ troops 7a7 ,advance ,cavalry3 #b4 ,plan ( comm&]--to e/abli% outpo/ ,comm&] approximate l9e ( resi/ance ,troops #c4 7a7 ,in/ructions = advanc$ cavalry 7b7 ,supports3#cj contact ) enemy1 roads or c\ntry to be ,no4#a;,comm&] specially wat*$1 special mission ,troops 7b7 ,in/ructions = supports--positions ,no4#b;,comm&] !y are to occupy1 & sections ( l9e ( ,troops resi/ance :i* !y are to hold1 intr5*+1 ,no4#c;,comm&] etc4 ,troops 7c7 ,in/ructions = deta*$ po/--position 7c7 ,deta*$ ,po/3 to be occupi$1 duties1 am\nt ( ,comm&] resi/ance ,troops 7d7 ,in/ructions = res]ves--location1 7d7 ,res]ve3 obs]vation ( flanks1 conduct 9 case ( ,comm&] attack1 duties ( special troops ,troops #d4 ,in/ruction = field tra9 if necess>y #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t1 location ( l9es ( in=mation ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$#ca ,x is sometimes necess>y to issue two outpo/ ord]s2 ! fir/ z above1 conta9+ g5]al in/ruction2 ! second1 issu$ aft] an inspection ( ! l9e1 & conta9+ m def9ite in/ructions or involv+ *anges4 ,= positions 9 read9ess4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our support+ troops #b4 ,plan ( comm&]--to take up a position 9 read9ess at or ne> ---- #c4 7a7 ,in/ructions = cavalry--to reconnoit] 9 direction ( enemy1 special mission 7b7 ,in/ructions = artill]y--position or place ( assembly 7c7 ,in/ructions = infantry--position or place ( assembly1 po9ts to be especially held1 reconnaissance 7d7 ,in/ructions = eng9e]s--position or place ( assembly 7e7 ,in/ructions = signal troops--l9es ( in=mation #d4 ,in/ructions = field tra9s1 sanit>y1 ammunition1 supply & eng9e] tra9s if n previ\sly cov]$ 9 ord]s--g5]ally to halt at designat$ localities 9 re>1 ready to move 9 any direction #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$ ,= def5se positions4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our support+ troops #b4 ,plan ( comm&]--to take up a def5sive position at or along ----1 = ! purpose ( ---- #c4 7a7 ,in/ructions = artill]y--position1 t>get1 intr5*+1 etc4 7b7 ,in/ructions = fight+ l9e--division ( front into sections & assignm5t ( troops !reto1 intr5*+1 etc4 7c7 ,in/ructions = res]ve--troops & position 7d7 ,in/ructions = cavalry--usually to cov] ) its ma9 =ce ! m expos$ flank1 a deta*m5t be+ s5t to patrol ! o!r2 reconnaissance 7e7 ,in/ructions = eng9e]--def5sive "w1 cle>+ field ( fire1 prep>ation ( ob/acles1 op5+ roads1 etc4 7f7 ,in/ructions = signal troops--to e/abli% l9es ( in=mation #d4 ,in/ructions = sanit>y tra9--location ( dress+ /ations & /ation = slightly w\nd$ ,in/ructions = ammunition tra9--location ( ammunition di/ribut+ /ations ,in/ructions = field & supply tra9s1 if n previ\sly cov]$ 9 ord]s #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$ ,= an attack4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our support+ troops #b4 ,plan ( comm&]--indicat+ ! g5]al plan ( attack1 usually to envelop a flank #c4 7a7 ,in=mation = artill]y--position1 fir/ t>get1 g5]ally ho/ile artill]y 7b7 ,in/ructions = hold+ attack#cb--;comm&]1 troops1 direction & objective 7c7 ,in/ructions = ma9 attack--comm&]1 troops1 direction & objective 7d7 ,in/ructions = res]ve--comm&]1 troops1 position 7e7 ,in/ructions = cavalry--g5]ally to op]ate on "o or bo? flanks1 or to execute "s special mission 7f7 ,in/ructions = eng9e]s--any special mission 7g7 ,in/ructions = signal troops--to e/abli% l9es ( in=mation betwe5 ! comm&] & ! ma9 & second>y attacks1 artill]y1 res]ves1 etc4 #d4 ,in/ructions = sanit>y tra9--location ( dress+ /ations & /ations = slightly w\nd$ :5 practicable ,in/ructions = ammunition tra9--location ( ammunition di/ribut+ /ations ,in/ructions = field & supply tra9s1 if n previ\sly cov]$ 9 ord]s #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$ ,note4--,9 w> x is n always possible to issue a complete attack ord] l ! above1 dispos+ ( an entire comm&4 ,9 unexpect$ enc\nt]s1 = in/ance1 ord]s mu/ be giv5 z ! situation develops4 ,= a retreat4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r ,troops #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our 7a7 ,lead+ ,troops3 support+ troops ,comm&] #b4 ,plan ( comm&]--to retire 9 ,troops direction ( ---- 7b7 ,ma9 ,body--9 #c4 7a7 ,in/ructions = lead+ ord] ( m>*3 troops--place & "t ( dep>ture1 r\te1 ,troops special mission 7c7 ,re> ,gu>d3 7b7 ,in/ructions = ma9 body--place ,comm&] & "t ( dep>ture1 r\te ,troops 7c7 ,in/ructions = re> gu>d--di/ance 7d7 ,"r left ,flank f ! ma9 body or place & "t ( ,gu>d3 dep>ture1 special mission ,comm&] 7d7 ,in/ructions = flank gu>d--place ,troops & "t ( dep>ture1 special mission 7e7 ,signal ,troops3 7e7 ,in/ructions = signal troops--l9es ,comm&] ( in=mation ,troops 7x7 ,in/ructions = outpo/s--:5 reliev$1 subsequ5t duties--usually =m+ ! re> gu>d #d4 ,in/ructions = field & divisional tra9s--place & "t ( dep>ture1 r\te1 escort2 ^! tra9s are g5]ally "s di/ance ahead ( ! column #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$ ,= re> gu>ds4 ,field ,ord]s ,title ,no4 -- ,place ,ref]5ce to map us$ ,date & h\r ,troops #a4 ,in=mation ( enemy & ( our support+ troops 7a7 ,res]ve--9 ord] #b4 ,plan ( comm&]--mission ( re> ( m>*3 gu>d ,troops #c4 7a7 ,in/ructions = res]ve--place & 7b7 ,support3 "t ( dep>ture1 or approximate di/ance ,comm&] f ma9 body1 reconnaissance ,troops 7b7 ,in/ructions = support--place & 7c7 ,re> ,cavalry3 "t ( dep>ture or di/ance f res]ve1 ,comm&] any special reconnaissance ,troops 7c7 ,in/ructions = re> cavalry--place 7d7 ,"r left ,flank & "t ( dep>ture1 road or c\ntry to be ,gu>d3 cov]$1 special mission ,comm&] 7d7 ,in/ructions = flank gu>d--place ,troops & "t ( dep>ture1 r\te1 special mission #d4 ,in/ructions = field tra9 :5 necess>y--usually to jo9 ! tra9 ( ma9 body #e4 ,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t--location ( l9es ( in=mation ,au!ntication ,h[ & to :om issu$ ,,m>* ,,table ,9 movem5ts ( l>ge =ces on sev]al roads1 x is sometimes desirable to prescribe ! daily m>*es ( ! v>i\s columns = two or m days4 ,9 su* cases ! ord] may (t5 be simplifi$ by app5d+ or incorporat+ a m>* table usually 9 ! foll[+ =m1 ea* column provid+ its own security4 ,m>* ,table4 ---- ,army1 f ---- date1 to ---- date4 ,ref]5ce to map us$4 ,date ---- ,division ---- ,division ,army ,hq4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,location ( ma9 ,location ( ma9 ,location at end body or ( advance body or ( advance ( ea* day's gu>d at end ( gu>d at end ( m>*4 ea* day's m>*1 ea* day's m>*1 & l9e ( m>*1 & l9e ( m>*1 if necess>y4 if necess>y4 ,,app5dix #b ,abbreviations ,,field ,,maps ,,& ,,sket*es ,! foll[+ abbreviations & signs are au?oriz$ = use on field maps & sket*es4 ,= m elaborate map "w ! au?oriz$ conv5tional signs z giv5 9 ! manual ( 8,conv5tional ,signs1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ,maps10 are us$4 ,abbreviations o!r ?an ^? giv5 %\ld n be us$4 ,abbreviations4 ,a4 ,arroyo4 abut4 ,abutm5t4 ,ar4 ,ar*4 b4 ,brick4 ,b4 ,s4 ,blacksmi? ,%op4 bot4 ,bottom4 ,br4 ,bran*4 br4 ,bridge4 ,c4 ,cape4 cem4 ,cemet]y4 con4 ,concrete4 cov4 ,cov]$4 ,cr4 ,creek4 cul4 ,culv]t4 d4 ,deep4 ,d4 ,s4 ,drug ,/ore4 ,e4 ,ea/4 ,e/4 ,e/u>y4 f4 ,=dable4 ,ft4 ,=t4 ,g4 ,s4 ,g5]al ,/ore4 gir4 ,gird]4 ,g4 ,m4 ,gri/mill4 i4 ,iron4 ,i4 ,isl&4 ,jc4 ,junction4 k4p4 ,k+-po/4 ,l4 ,lake4 ,lat4 ,latitude4 ,ldg4 ,l&+4 ,l4 ,s4 ,s4 ,life-,sav+ ,/ation4 ,l4 ,h4 ,ligh?\se4 ,long4 ,longitude4 ,mt4 ,m\nta94 ,mts4 ,m\nta9s4 ,n4 ,nor?4 n4 f4 ,n =dable4 ,p4 ,pi]4 pk4 ,plank4 ,p4 ,o4 ,po/ ,(fice4 ,pt4 ,po9t4 q4p4 ,que5-po/4 ,r4 ,riv]4 ,r4 ,h4 ,r\ndh\se4 ,r4 ,r4 ,railroad4 ,s4 ,s\?4 s4 ,/eel4 ,s4 ,h4 ,s*oolh\se4 ,s4 ,m4 ,sawmill4 ,/a4 ,/ation4 /4 ,/one4 /r4 ,/ream4 ,t4 ,g4 ,tollgate4 ,tres4 ,tre/le tr4 ,truss4 ,w4 ,t4 ,wat] ,tank4 ,w4 ,w4 ,wat] ,works4 ,w4 ,we/4 w4 ,wood4 wd4 ,wide4 ,tactical organizations3 #c;d ,div4 ,?ird ,infantry ,division4 #a/ ,cav4 ,div4 ,fir/ ,cavalry ,division4 #a/ ,sep4 ,brig4 ,fir/ ,sep>ate ,brigade4 #h? ,brig4 #c;d ,div4 ,eigh? ,infantry ,brigade ( ,?ird ,infantry ,division4 #b;d ,brig4 #a/ ,cav4 ,div4 ,second ,cavalry ,brigade ( ,fir/ ,cavalry ,division4 #d? ,brig4 ,f4 ,a4 ,f\r? ,brigade ( ,field ,artill]y4 #e? ,hv4 ,a4 ,fif? ,regim5t ( ,heavy ,artill]y4 #d? ,m4 ,a4 ,f\r? ,regim5t ( ,m\nta9 ,artill]y4 #a/ ,pon4 ,bn4 ,fir/ ,ponton ,battalion4 #a/ ,a]o ,sq4 ,fir/ ,a]o ,squadron4 #c;d ,inf4 ,?ird ,regim5t ( ,infantry4 #b;d ,cav4 ,second ,regim5t ( ,cavalry4 #c;d ,l4 ,a4 ,?ird ,regim5t ( ,light ,artill]y4 #f? ,h4 ,a4 ,six? ,regim5t ( ,horse ,artill]y4 #a/ ,bn4 ,engrs4 ,fir/ ,pione] ,battalion ( ,eng9e]s4 #a/ ,bn4 mtd4 ,engrs4 ,fir/ ,pione] ,battalion ( ,eng9e]s1 ,m\nt$4 #a/ ,bn4 ,sig4 ,fir/ ,field ,battalion ,signal ,troops4 #a/ ,bn4 ,sig4 cav4 ,fir/ ,field ,battalion ,signal ,troops1 ,cavalry4 #a/ ,tel4 ,bn4 ,fir/ ,telegraph ,battalion4 ,tra9s3 ,c4 ,tn4 ,combat tra94 ,f4 ,tn4 ,field tra94 ,b4 ,sec4 ,f4 ,tn4 ,baggage section field tra94 ,r4 ,sec4 ,f4 ,tn4 ,ration section field tra94 ,am4 ,tn4 ,ammunition tra94 ,sp4 ,tn4 ,supply tra94 ,sn4 ,tn4 ,sanit>y tra94 #a/ ,amb4 ,co4 ,fir/ ,ambulance ,company4 #b;d ,f4 ,hosp4 ,co4 ,second ,field ,hospital ,company4 #a/ ,m$4 ,res4 ,co4 ,fir/ ,m$ical ,res]ve ,company4 ,engr4 ,tn4 ,eng9e] tra94 ,columns 7#a ( c73 ,am4 ,col4 ,ammunition column4 ,sp4 ,col4 ,supply column4 ,sn4 ,col4 ,sanit>y column4 ,engr4 ,col4 ,eng9e] column4 ,fractional ,organization4 ,infantry3 #c;d ,div4 7less cav4 & #a bn4 ,f4 ,a47 #b;d ,brig4 7less #a regt47 #a/ ,inf4 7less #f cos4 & ,m4 ,g4 ,co47 #a bn4 #f? ,inf4 #a/ ,bn4 #f? ,inf4 7less #a co47 ,co4 ,a #a/ ,inf4 7less #a plat47 ,cavalry3 #a/ ,cav4 ,div4 7less #a brig47 #b;d ,brig4 7less #a regt47 #c;d ,cav4 7less #a sq4 & ,m4 ,g4 det*47 #a ,sq4 #d? ,cav4 #a/ ,sq4 #d? ,cav4 7less #a tr47 ,tr4 ,c #d? ,cav4 7less #b plats47 ,artill]y3 #d? ,brig4 ,f4 ,a4 7less #a bn47 #c;d ,l4 7less #a bn47 #a bn4 #a/ ,l4 ,a4 7less #a btry47 #a/ ,l4 ,a4 7less #b btries47 ,btry ,a #f? ,h4 ,a4 #e? ,hv4 ,a4 7less #a bn4 #f ,h[47 #a ,bn4 #d4g ,h[41 #e? ,hv4 ,a4 #a ,btry4 #d4g gun1 #e? ,hv4 ,a4 ,eng9e]s3 #a/ ,bn4 ,engrs4 7less #a co47 ,co4 ,a ,engrs4 7less #a sec47 #b ,secs4 ,engrs4 #a/ ,pon4 ,bn4 7less #a co4 heavy equip47 #a pon4 co4 light equip4 7less #b bridge div47 ,signal3 #a/ ,bn4 ,sig4 7less #a wire plat47 #a rad4 ,co4 ,sig4 #a wire ,co4 ,sig4 #a rad4 sec4 pack1 ,sig4 #a rad4 plat4 wagon1 ,sig4 #a wire ,sec4 ,sig4 #a wire plat4 ,sig4 ,miscellane\s3 ,adj4 adjutant4 ,adm4 ,sec4 ,g4 ,s4 adm9i/rative section1 g5]al /aff4 ,a4 ,d4 ( ,ry4 assi/ant director ( railways4 ,am4 ammunition4 ,adv4 ,gd4 advance gu>d4 ,adv4 ,sec4 ,l4 ( ,c4 advance section1 l9e ( communications4 ,as/4 ,c4 ( ,s4 assi/ant *ief ( /aff4 ,base ,sec4 ,l4 ( ,c4 base section1 l9e ( communications4 ,brig4 ,g54 brigadi] g5]al4 ,capt4 capta94 ,c4 ,g4 comm&+ g5]al4 ,c4 ,g4 ,l4 ( ,c4 comm&+ g5]al1 l9e ( communications4 ,c4 ,o4 comm&+ (fic]4 ,col4 colonel4 ,c4 ( ,s4 *ief ( /aff4 ,comdg4 comm&+4 ,comb4 ,sec4 ,g4 ,s4 combat section1 g5]al /aff4 ,det*4 deta*m5t4 ,d4 ( ,ry4 director ( railways4 ,e4 ,o4 eng9e] (fic]4 ,f4 ,o4 field ord]4 ,f4 ,s4 ,r4 field s]vice regulations4 ,gd4 gu>d4 ,g54 g5]al4 ,g4 ,o4 g5]al ord]4 ,insp4 inspector4 ,int4 ,sec4 ,g4 ,s4 intellig5ce section1 g5]al /aff4 ,int]4 ,sec4 ,l4 ( ,c4 int]m$iate section1 l9e ( communications4 ,j4 ,a4 judge advocate4 ,l4 ( ,c4 l9e ( communications4 ,lt4 lieut5ant4 ,lt4 ,col4 lieut5ant colonel4 ,lt4 ,g54 lieut5ant g5]al4 ,maj4 major4 ,maj4 ,g54 major g5]al4 ,m4 ,p4 milit>y police4 ,n4 ,c4 ,o4 non-commission$ (fic]4 ,o4 ,o4 ordnance (fic]4 ,q4 ,m4 qu>t]ma/]4 ,s4 ,a4 ,am4 small arms ammunition4 ,sig4 ,o4 signal (fic]4 ,s4 ,o4 special ord]4 ,surg4 surgeon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,army ,*anges ,,edit$ ,,by ,,colonel ,,james ,a4 ,,moss ,publi%$ ,qu>t]ly & dat$ ,jan4 #a1 ,april #a1 ,july #a1 & ,oct4 #a4 ,e numb] gives ,,all *anges 9 ! ,army ,regulations1 ,manual ( ,int]ior ,gu>d ,duty1 ,drill ,regulations ( all arms1 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 ,small-arms ,fir+ ,manual1 & v>i\s o!r ,w> ,dep>tm5t publications1 f ! dates ( _! issue to ! date ( ! la/ numb] ( ,army ,*anges4 ,9 o!r words1 ea* numb] ( ,army ,*anges is complete 9 itself1 & ^u receipt ( ! la/ numb] ! previ\s "o may be disc>d$4 ,& x is issu$ promptly1 :ile ! *anges are /ill new4 ,! *anges are pr9t$ on "o side ( ! page only1 s t 8po/+0 c be done ! same z ) ,*anges z issu$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,complet5ess & ,accuracy ,gu>ante$ ,,subscription3 #a4ej ,a ,,ye> ,,s+le ,,copies1 #ej ,,c5ts ,publi%$ by ,george ,banta ,publi%+ ,co4 ,m5a%a1 ,wiscons9 ,,new ,,books ,,notes ,,f ,,! ,,front 7,major ,c4 ,r4 ,yates1 ,briti% ,army7 4#ge ,,/udies ,,9 ,,troop ,,lead+ 7,g5]al ,morrison & ,lt4-,col4 ,e4 ,l4 ,munson7 #a4dj ,,troops ,,on ,,riot ,,duty 7,/ockton & ,dick9son7 4#ge ,,squad ,,lead]s' ,,notebook 4#ge ,extra 7pads1 #aj;c7 ,,fr5*-,,engli% ,,diction>y ,,( ,,ma*9e ,,gun ,,t]ms 7,major ,maloney7 4#ej ,complete ,catalog on reque/4 ,george ,banta ,publi%+ ,co4 ,m5a%a1 ,wiscons9 ,gov]nm5t ,publications ,banta's ,special ,editions ( ,,field ,,s]vice ,,regulations 7) que/ions7 4#ge ,,infantry ,,drill ,,regulations 7) que/ions7 4#ej ,,manual ,,( ,,milit>y ,,c\rt-,,m>tial 7improv$ index7 #a4aj ,,army ,,regulations 7,li/ ( p>agraphs applicable to l9e (fic]s 9 p>ticul>1 especially ^? j ent]+ s]vice7 #a4jj ,,manual ,,( ,,int]ior ,,gu>d ,,duty 7) que/ions7 4#ej 7pap] b\nd ) que/ions7 4#be ,,manual ,,= ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,privates 4#ej ,,manual ,,= ,,army ,,cooks 4#ge ,,drill ,,regulations ,,= ,,ma*9e ,,gun ,,companies 4#cj ,,small ,,arms ,,fir+ ,,manual 7) que/ions7 4#ge ,all o!r ,gov]nm5t publications4 ,write = our complete catalog ( milit>y books4 ,george ,banta ,publi%+ ,co4 ,m5a%a1 ,wiscons9 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see ,app5dix4 #b ,lett]s on ,appli$ ,tactics4 #c ,sev5ty ,problems--,infantry ,tactics4 #d ,p>4 #ada4 #e ,infantry ,drill ,regs4 #f ,field ,s]vice ,regs4 #g ,morrison's ,infantry ,tactics4 #h ,buddecke's ,tactical ,decisions & ,ord]s4 #i ,f4 ,s4 ,r41 p>4 #ij4 #aj ,f4 ,s4 ,r41 p>4 #ib4 #aa ,f4 ,s4 ,r41 p>4 #ic4 #ab ,f4 ,s4 ,r41 p>4 #id4 #ac ,see #a/ p>41 ,app5dix4 #ad ,infantry ,drill ,reg4 p>4 #cgh4 #ae ,infantry ,drill ,reg4 p>4 #cgi4 #af ,p>4 #hg4 #ag ,p>4 #adc1 ,f4 ,s4 ,r4 #ah ,p>4 #ce1 ,f4 ,s4 ,r4 #ai ,p>4 #ggg1 ,a4 ,r4 #bj #ggi1 ,a4 ,r4 #ba ,g4 ,o41 #bc1 ,w4 ,d41 #aiab4 #bb ,p> #ghj1 ,a4 ,r4 #bc ,see ,a4 ,r41 ,p>4 #hjg4 #bd ,comp>e 8,w9n+ & ,we>+ ( ,%\ld] ,/raps0--a conv9c+ treatm5t ( ?is subject by ,lt4-,col4 ,*as4 ,f4 ,m>t91 ,cavalry4 #be ,f4 ,s4 ,regs4 #bf ,if a comm&] is designat$ = ! ma9 body1 8 "n is ins]t$ "h4 #bg ,:]e ! advance gu>d is l>ge ! ord] may direct ! advance gu>d comm&] to e/abli% ! outpo/4 #bh ,omitt$ :5 ! *ief ex]cises imm$iate comm& ( ! camp4 #bi ,may be provid$ = 9 8ord]0 issu$ subsequ5tly4 #cj ,numb]$ f ! "r4 #ca ,= small outpo/s x may be m conv5i5t to write ?is ord] )\t a m>g9al di/ribution ( troops4 #cb ,! t]m 8hold+ attack0 z us$ 9 ?is =m is = conv5i5ce only2 x is nev] us$ 9 actual ord]s1 z ! vigor ( an attack might be less5$ if ! troops knew x 0 8hold+0 only4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,footnote #e has two an*ors on page #fj & #fa4 ,footnotes #f & #g ea* h ?ree an*ors on page #fa4 ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,"s hyph5s 9 words h be5 sil5tly remov$1 "s add$1 :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book4 ,except = ^? *anges not$ bel[1 all misspell+s 9 ! text1 & inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5 reta9$4 ,to,c 7,table ( ,cont5ts73 page numb] #8#afd' replac$ by #8#afe'4 ,to,c3 page numb] #8#ahf' replac$ by #8#ahg'4 ,pg #ah3 #8,cambrai & has' replac$ by #8,,cambrai & has'4 ,pg #fh3 #8/>t at #e3cj' replac$ by #8/>t at #e-cj'4 ,pg #gj3 #8! no!rn exit' replac$ by #8! nor!rn exit'4 ,pg #gi3 #8,y haev he>d' replac$ by #8,y h he>d'4 ,pg #aji3 #8to salve tactical' replac$ by #8to solve tactical'4 ,pg #abg3 #8,ersatz ,abeiltung' replac$ by #8,ersatz ,abteilung'4 ,pg #abh3 #8,albre*tmrs]' replac$ by #8,albre*t-,mrs]'4 ,pg #acj3 #8,ersatz ,abeiltung' replac$ by #8,ersatz ,abteilung'4 ,pg #acj3 #8#a/ ,abeiltung' replac$ by #8#a/ ,abteilung'4 ,pg #afc3 #8,dep>tm5ts issues' replac$ by #8,dep>tm5ts issue'4 ,pg #aha3 #8,y\r respectfully1' replac$ by #8,y\rs respectfully1'4 ,pg #aij3 #8( :]e messages' replac$ by #8or :]e messages'4 ,pg #aif3 #87les #a bn47' replac$ by #87less #a bn47'4