,transcrib]'s ,note ,italic text display$ z3 italic ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,*,,teau4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,h\se3 ,,an ,,ar*itectural ,,novelette4 ,,by ,e4 ,,viollet-,,le-,,duc4 ,,translat$ ,,by ,,b5jam9 ,,bucknall1 ,,ar*itect ,illu/ration3 ,two m5 talk+ ,,london3 ,,sampson ,,l[1 ,,m>/on1 ,,l[1 ,,& ,,se>le1 ,,cr[n ,,build+s1 #ahh1 ,,fleet ,,/reet4 #ahgd4 ,all ,rights ,res]v$4 ,,london ,r4 ,,clay1 ,,sons1 ,,& ,,taylor1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,bread ,,/reet ,,hill4 ,,translator',s ,,note4 ,among ! volum9\s & invaluable publi%$ works ( ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc1 none p]haps w h great] int]e/ = ! amateur or = ! practical ar*itect ?an ! 8,hi/oire d'une ,maison40 ,( all ! ar*itectural problems ( ! day !re is n "o ( great] importance or difficulty ?an t ( build+ a h\se :i* %all fulfil ! v>i\s ne$s & conditions ( a mod]n dwell+2 & ! au?or has br\ght ! results ( a long c\rse ( /udy1 obs]vation1 & exp]i5ce1 to be> ^u ?is problem 9 a mo/ practically in/ructive & fasc9at+ %ape4 ,a lively n>rative introduces ! read] to ! m9ute & ?or\gh discussion ( e /age ( ! processes involv$1 s t 8 att5tion is agreeably reliev$2 & ea* /ep is illu/rat$ by plates & diagrams1 :i* r5d] ! details intelligible ev5 to ! lea/ in=m$ /ud5t4 ,z ! sc5e ( ?is ar*itectural novelette is laid 9 ,france1 !re is mu* bo? 9 ! g5]al rem>ks & 9 ! arrangem5ts ( ! build+ describ$ :i* only applies to ! social conditions & requirem5ts ( ! ,fr5*4 ,b ! value ( ! pr9ciples laid d[n & ! practical in/ruction convey$ is n !reby mat]ially less5$1 s9ce e page ( ! book exhibits important tru?s or excell5t me?ods1 :i* are ( g5]al application4 ,by foll[+ out ^? pr9ciples x w\ld be easy to obta9 ! same admirable adaptation ( arrangem5t1 s\ndness ( con/ruction1 & *>m ( design = an ,engli% h\se1 :i* ! au?or has s ably laid d[n & fully illu/rat$ 9 ref]5ce to its ,fr5* c\nt]p>t4 ,x may be int]e/+ to ! read] to "k t ! 8,hi/oire d'une ,maison0 0 writt5 & illu/rat$ by ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc dur+ ! ev5+s ( two mon?s--,july & ,augu/--( la/ ye> 7#ahgc71 :i* 7 sp5t by him 9 ! ,alps = ! purpose ( survey+ & mapp+ = ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t ! :ole ( ! ,fr5* ,alps--a task accompli%$ by him1 alone & unassi/$1 ) m9ute accuracy & beauty ( del9eation1 & 9 a m>vell\sly brief "t4 ,,b5jam9 ,,bucknall1 ,ar*itect4 ,,oy/]m\?1 ,,swansea1 ,april #a/1 #ahgd4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,paul ,,gets ,,an ,,idea #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,) ,a ,,little ,,help1 ,,paul',s ,,idea ,,is ,,develop$ #ac ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,tree ,,( ,,k #bf ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,paul',s ,,ideas ,,respect+ ,,art1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,!y ,,7 ,,modifi$ #ca ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,paul ,,pursues ,a ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy ,,9 ,,practical ,,ar*itecture #dj ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,h[ ,,paul ,,is ,,l$ ,,to ,,recognize ,,c]ta9 ,,di/9ctions ,,betwe5 ,,e?ics ,,& ,,ar*itecture #fj ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,sett+ ,,out ,,! ,,f\ndations ,,( ,,! ,,h\se1 ,,& ,,op]ations ,,on ,,! ,,gr\nd #ga ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,paul ,,reflects #ha ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,paul1 ,,cl]k ,,( ,,! ,,works #hh ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,paul ,,beg9s ,,to ,,und]/& #if ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,build+ ,,9 ,,elevation #ajf ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,obs]vations ,,address$ ,,to ,,eug,,ne ,,by ,,paul1 ,,& ,,! ,,replies ,,made ,,to ,,!m #aae ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,build+ #aba ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,paul ,,feels ,,! ,,necessity ,,( ,,improv+ ,,himself ,,9 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,draw+ #abf ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,consid]ation ,,( ,,! ,,/aircases #acc ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,critic #acg ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,paul ,,inquires ,,:at ,,ar*itecture ,,is #adf ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,!oretical ,,/udies #aef ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,!oretical ,,/udies 7cont9u$7 #agb ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,/udies ,,int]rupt$ #ahc ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,build+ ,,recomm5c$--,,! ,,timb] ,,"w #ahi ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,*imneys #bjd ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,cant9e #baa ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,jo9]',s ,,"w #bad ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,:at ,,paul ,,le>nt ,,at ,,*ateaur\x #bbb ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,! ,,slat+ ,,& ,,plumb+ #bcj ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,ord] ,,9 ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,"w #bda ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,! ,,h\se-,,w>m+ #bdg ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,fig ,,page ,,! ,,old ,,*,,teau ,frontispiece4 ,,! ,,old ,,cell> ,vignette4 #a4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,gr\nd ,,floor #bb #b4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,floor #bd #c4 ,,ro( ,,plan #cc #d4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,floor #cf #e4 ,,! ,,entrance ,,front #cg #f4 ,,example ,,( ,a ,,build+ ,,site #df #g4 ,,ditto #dg #h4 ,,ditto #di #i4 ,,section ,,( ,,cell> ,,vault #ec #aj4 ,,! ,,old ,,cell> #ed #aa4 ,,! ,,old ,,cell> ,,/airs #ef #ab4 ,,! ,,bulg$ ,,walls #eh #ac4 ,,con/ruction ,,( ,a ,,ro( ,,pr9cipal #fb #ad4 ,,camb]$ ,,timb] #fg #ae4 ,,! ,,old ,,ro( #fh #af4 ,,c\pl$ ,,timb]s #fi #ag4 ,,ditto #fi #ah4 ,,timb] ,,clips #gj #ai4 ,,sett+ ,,out ,,! ,,build+ #gc #bj4 ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,!odolite #gi #ba4 ,,! ,,cell> ,,plan #hi #bb4 ,,deposit ,,( ,,excavat$ ,,soil #ib #bc4 ,,f\ndation ,,/ones #id #bd4 ,,section ,,( ,,sew] #ie #be4 ,,c5t]+ ,,( ,,cell> ,,vault #ig #bf4 ,,section ,,( ,,cell> ,,air-,,holes #ii #bg4 ,,respective ,,view ,,( ,,ditto #ajj #bh4 ,,spr+ ,,( ,,! ,,cell> ,,vault+ #aja #bi4 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,front #ajc #cj4 ,,! ,,quo9 ,,/ones #ajg #ca4 ,,! ,,w9d[ ,,cas+ #ajh #cb4 ,,! ,,ceil+s #aaj #cc4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,trimm+ ,,! ,,floors #aab #cd4 ,,p]spective ,,( ,,ditto #aab #ce4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,build+ ,,op]ations #abj #cf4 ,,holl[ ,,b$d$ ,,/ones #abc #cg4 ,,draw+ ,,models #abh #ch4 ,,ditto #abi #ci4 ,,plans ,,& ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,/airs #acb #dj4 ,,! ,,/aircase ,,/r+ #ace #da4 ,,/ep ,,( ,,w9d+ ,,/airs #acf #db4 ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,side ,,walls1 ,,) ,,details #afc #dc4 ,,an ,,oriel ,,w9d[ #aff #dd4 ,,bay ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,billi>d-,,room #agj #de4 ,,detail ,,( ,,cornice1 ,,/r+ ,,c\rse1 ,,etc4 #agf #df4 ,,transv]se ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,h\se #aia #dg4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,ro( ,,supports #aib #dh4 ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,ro( #aid #di4 ,,! ,,/aircase ,,ro( #aif #ej4 ,,flaws ,,9 ,,timb] #aih #ea4 ,,c\pl$ ,,beams #aii #eb4 ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,floor ,,joi/s #bja #ec4 ,,ditto #bja #ed4 ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,floor ,,beams #bja #ee4 ,,! ,,dorm] ,,w9d[s #bjc #ef4 ,,! ,,doors #baf #eg4 ,,details ,,( ,,ditto #bag #eh4 ,,! ,,casem5ts #bah #ei4 ,,details ,,( ,,ditto #bai #fj4 ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,slat+ #bcc #fa4 ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,plumb]',s ,,"w #bce #fb4 ,,! ,,new ,,h\se #beh ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,h\se4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,paul ,,gets ,,an ,,idea4 ,:o is happi] ?an ! "y /ud5t f ! ,lyceum :5 he comes home = ! summ] vacation1 br++ ) him pro(s ( a well-sp5t ye>8 ,ev]y?+ smiles ^u him4 ,! sky is s]5e1 ! c\ntry we>s its lovelie/ dress1 & ! fruit is ripe4 ,ev]yone congratulates him on 8 success1 & pr$icts = him1 aft] 8 six weeks' repose1 an en]getic recomm5cem5t ( cong5ial lab\r1 cr[n$ by a brilliant c>e] 9 ! future4 ,yes1 our /ud5t is a happy fell[2 ! air seems pret]naturally light1 ! sun %9es m brightly1 & ! mead[s we> a ri*] gre54 ,ev5 ! unwelcome ra9 is lad5 ) p]fume4 ,z soon z ! morn+ breaks he ha/5s to revisit 8 fav\rite haunts 9 ! p>k--! /ream1 ! lake1 & ! f>m--to see ! horses1 ! boat1 & ! plantations4 ,he *ats ) ! f>m]'s wife1 :o smil+ly pres5ts him ) a nice galette1 hot f ! ov54 ,he walks ) ! gamekeep]1 :o tells him all ! news ( ! neighb\rhood :ile go+ 8 r\nds4 ,! s\nd ( ! %eep bells is musical--nay1 ev5 ! monoton\s song ( ! %eph]d-boy1 n[ gr[n a tall fell[1 & aspir+ to ! full dignity ( %eph]d4 ,x is inde$ a happy "t4 ,b 9 a few days ! %ade ( ! noble trees1 ! lovely sc5]y1 ! long walks1 ! gamekeep]'s /ories1 & ev5 ! boat+1 become we>isome1 unless "s cong5ial occupation pres5ts itself to occupy ! m9d4 ,x is ! privilege ( old age alone to delight 9 memories1 & always to f9d fre% pleasure 9 ! contemplation ( woods & fields4 ,! /ores ( memory are soon exhau/$ by y\?2 & quiet m$itation is n to its ta/e4 ,monsieur ,paul--a lively y\? ( sixte5--did n1 p]haps1 indulge 9 ^! reflections 9 ! ab/ract2 b z a matt] ( fact1 aft] a week pass$ at ! resid5ce ( 8 fa!r1 :o cultivat$ 8 consid]able e/ate 9 ! prov9ce ( ,b]ry1 he _h almo/ exhau/$ ! /ock ( impressions :i* ! return to ! pat]nal doma9 _h excit$4 ,dur+ ! long s*ola/ic ye> h[ _m projects _h he n =m$ = ! next vacation6 ,six weeks seem$ too %ort a "t = _! accompli%m5t4 ,h[ _m ?+s _h he to see aga92 h[ mu* to say & d4 ,yet 9 eight days all _h be5 se51 said1 & done4 ,besides1 8 elde/ si/]1 :o _h be5 lately m>ri$1 _h set out on a long j\rney ) h] husb&2 & z to ,lucy1 ! y\nge/1 %e seem$ too mu* occupi$ ) h] doll & its w>drobe to take an int]e/ 9 ! ?9k+s & do+s ( h] respect$ bro!r4 ,x _h ra9$ all day2 & ! f>m1 visit$ by ,m4 ,paul = ! fif? "t1 _h pres5t$ a sombre & m\rnful aspect4 ,! f[ls cr\*+ "u ! walls _h a p5sive look2 & ev5 ! ducks 7 dabbl+ 9 ! mud 9 melan*oly sil5ce4 ,! gamekeep] _h inde$ tak5 ,m4 ,paul ) him on a h>e-hunt+ exp$ition1 b !y _h return$ )\t success1 & pretty well soak$4 ,to 8 disappo9tm5t1 ,m4 ,paul _h f\nd ! keep]'s /ories r long & diffuse--n ! less s z !y 7 be+ repeat$ = ! ?ird "t ) few v>iations4 ,moreov]1 ! vet]9>y surgeon _h ann\nc$ t morn+1 to ,m4 ,paul's vexation1 t 8 pony _h caught a cold & mu/ n quit ! /able = a week4 ,! pap] _h be5 read aft] d9n]1 b ,m4 ,paul 0 little attract$ by its politics1 & ! miscellane\s intellig5ce 0 deplorably un9t]e/+4 ,monsieur de ,g&elau 7,paul's fa!r7 0 too mu* tak5 up ) agricultural matt]s1 & p]haps also ) ! treatm5t ( 8 g\t1 to seek to relieve ! ennui ( :i* 8 son 0 ! victim2 & ,madame de ,g&elau1 /ill suff]+ f ! depression caus$ by h] elde/ daught]'s dep>ture1 0 work+ ) a k9d ( desp]ation at a piece ( tape/ry1 ^: de/9ation 0 a my/]y to all ab\t h]1 & p]haps ev5 to ! p]son :o 0 s labori\sly add+ /it* to /it*4 8,y h _h a lett] f ,m>ie80 said ,m4 de ,g&elau1 putt+ d[n ! newspap]4 8,yes1 my de>1 ?is ev5+4 ,!y are enjoy+ !mselves excessively2 ! wea!r has be5 *>m+1 & !y h _h ! mo/ delightful excursions 9 ! ,ob]l&4 ,!y are on ! po9t ( pass+ ! ,simplon = ,italy4 ,m>ie w write to me f ,bav5o1 ,htel de----0 8,capital6 & h[ are !y80 8,q well40 8,& !y /ill mean to g to ,con/ant9ople on t important bus9ess80 8,yes1 ,n---- has _h a lett] urg+ him to g2 !y w take ,italy only en r\te4 ,!y hope to emb>k at ,naples 9 a mon?1 at late/4 ,b ,m>ie tells me !y _c return )9 a ye>4 ,%e does n appe> to ?9k mu* ( s long an abs5ce1 b x gives me a pang :i* no argum5ts = its necessity c alleviate40 8,ah6 well1 b d y expect our *ildr5 to m>ry = our advantage8 ,& 0 x n settl$ t x %\ld be s8 ,!y say affection seldom /&s ! te/ ( liv+ con/antly toge!r on a j\rney4 ,n---- is a good1 noble fell[1 h>d-work+1 & a little ambiti\s1 :i* is no bad ?+4 ,m>ie loves him2 %e has intellig5ce & good heal?4 ,!y w pass ! trial successfully1 ,i h n a d\bt1 & w return to u well-tri$ companions = life1 ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r1 & hav+ le>n$ h[ to fur!r & to suffice = "o ano!r's happ9ess2 & ) t spice ( indep5d5ce :i* is s necess>y = pres]v+ a good und]/&+ ) "o's neighb\rs40 8,i d>esay y are "r1 my de>2 b ?is long abs5ce is n ! less pa9ful to me1 & ?is ye> w seem a long "o4 ,i %all c]ta9ly be glad :5 ,i beg9 to prep>e _! rooms = !m "h1 & h only a few days to reckon till ,i may hope to see !m aga940 8,c]ta9ly1 c]ta9ly2 & ,i too %all be delight$ to see !m at home4 ,paul1 too6 ,b z x is c]ta9 !y w be a ye> away1 x w\ld be a f9e opportunity = resum+ my plan40 8,:at1 my de>8 ,d y mean build+ ! h\se y 7 ?9k+ (1 on t bit ( l& :i* is "p ( ,m>ie's d[ry8 ,i beg ( y to d no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,we h q en\gh room = !m "h1 & = _! *ildr51 if !y h any4 ,&1 aft] ?is long abs5ce1 x w be a new trial to me to h ,m>ie settl$ at a di/ance f u--n to h h] ne> me4 ,besides1 h] husb& _c /ay ?ree-qu>t]s ( a ye> 9 ! c\ntry4 ,8 engagem5ts d n all[ ( x4 ,m>ie w\ld !n be alone4 ,:at c %e d 9 a h\se all to h]self1 ) h] husb& abs5t80 8,%e w d1 my love1 z y did y\rself1 :5 my bus9ess call$ me--z x did too (t5--away f home2 yet we 7 "y !n4 ,%e w h h] h\se to see aft]2 %e w get into ! way ( manag+ h] prop]ty2 %e w h occupation & responsibilities2 & s %e w be satisfi$ ) h]self & ) ! result ( h] ?\ght & "w4 ,believe me1 ,i h se5 ! w>me/ family affections weak5$ & de/roy$ by ! habit ( m>ri$ *ildr5 liv+ ) _! p>5ts4 ,! wife likes to be mi/ress 9 h] own h\se2 & ?is is a s\nd & j feel+2 we %\ld n run c\nt] to x4 ,a woman :o has be5 wisely educat$1 hav+ a h\se to look aft] & ! responsibility & indep5d5ce :i* responsibility 9 e =m br+s ) x1 is m capable ( ma9ta9+ h] own dignity ( "* ?an "o :o has be5 kept all h] life 9 a /ate ( tutelage4 ,m>ie w\ld be v com=table "h1 v happy to be ) u1 & h] husb& w\ld be n less satisfi$ 9 kn[+ t %e 0 ) u2 b %e w\ld n h a home ( h] own4 ,an unm>ri$ daught] is only 9 h] place :5 ) h] "m2 b a wife is only 9 h] place 9 h] own h\se4 ,a m>ri$ woman 9 h] "m's h\se takes h] place only z a gue/4 ,& ev5 if we suppose no mutual irritation to arise f ?is life 9 common--& ?is c h>dly fail to arise--x is c]ta9 t indiff]5ce to practical int]e/s1 non*alance1 & ev5 ennui1 & all ! dang]s !nce ensu+1 are sure to be caus$ by x4 8,y h br\ght up y\r daught] too well = h] n to be ard5tly desir\s ( fulfill+ all h] duties2 y h always %[n h] an example ( activity too conspicu\s = h] n to wi% to foll[ x4 ,let u1 !n1 af=d h] ! means ( do+ s4 ,w y n be bett] pleas$ to see h] manag+ h] own h\se1 & delight$ to ent]ta9 u !re1 ?an to h h] "h incessantly at y\r elb[1 ) no?+ to d2 a judge1 sil5t & respectful1 if y l1 b /ill a judge1 ( all y\r ways & do+s8 ,d y ?9k t h] husb&1 :5 he c snat* a few mom5ts f bus9ess1 w enjoy z mu* pleasure 9 f9d+ h] con/antly "h1 z he w exp]i5ce at see+ h] 9 h] own h\se1 delight$ to %[ him all %e has done dur+ 8 abs5ce2 engag$ 9 r5d]+ _! common abode m & m agreeable & conv5i5t f day to day8 ,if y reflect1 y w obs]ve t ^? :o 9 our day h giv51 ?\gh 9 high social position1 ! mo/ occasion = sc&al1 h be51 = ! mo/ "p1 wom5 ^: e>ly m>ri$ life 0 pass$ ?us1 )\t a home ( _! own1 lead+ t nondescript life :i* is nei!r t ( ! daught] nor ! mi/ress ( ! h\se--! responsible h\sekeep]1 to call ?+s by _! "r names40 ,"s te>s _h moi/5$ ,madame de ,g&elau's embroid]y4 8,y are "r aga91 my de>10 said %e1 press+ h] husb&'s h&2 8y\r plan is j & reasonable40 ,paul1 ?\gh turn+ ov] ! leaves ( an illu/rat$ p]iodical1 _h n lo/ a ^w ( ?is conv]sation4 ,! idea ( see+ a h\se built = 8 elde/ si/] 0 v agreeable to him4 ,already1 to 8 y\?ful imag9ation1 ?is h\se 9 ! future seem$1 z comp>$ ) ! old family mansion1 a fairy palace1 elegant & spl5did1 full ( light & gaiety4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ,m4 de ,g&elau's habitation _h no?+ to *>m ! eyes4 ,enl>g$ by successive additions1 two long w+s ( gloomy aspect 7 clumsily pat*$ on to ! ma9 body1--=m]ly a ca/le1 two t[]s ( :i*1 dismantl$ & cr[n$ by l[ ro(s1 flank$ ! angles4 ,betwe5 ! two w+s & ?is ma9 build+1 !re ext5d$ a c\rty>d1 always damp1 enclos$ by old iron rail+s1 & ! rema9s ( a moat n[ conv]t$ into a kit*5 g>d54 ,a ?ird w+1 ! prolongation ( ! old ca/ellat$ build+1 erect$ by ,m4 de ,g&elau soon aft] 8 m>riage1 conta9$ ! private ap>tm5ts ( ! family--! mo/ attractive "p ( ! *teau4 ,! draw+ & d9+ rooms1 ! billi>d-room1 & ,m4 de ,g&elau's /udy =m$ "p ( ! old ma9 build+4 ,z to ! two p>allel w+s1 !y conta9$ rooms op5+ into irregul> passages1 :i*1 n be+ all on a level1 7 some:at p]il\s to unw>y feet4 ,next morn+1 ,paul1 go+ to inquire h[ 8 pony 01 met old ,ma/] ,bran*u com+ into ! y>d ) a little c>t full ( pieces ( wood1 bags ( pla/]1 & tools4 8,:at are y go+ to d ) t1 ,ma/] ,bran*u80 8,i am go+ to m5d ! pigeon-h\se1 ,monsieur ,paul40 8,h[ ,i %\ld l to help y60 8,no1 ,monsieur ,paul1 y w\ld dirty y\r clo!s2 y might hurt y\rself2 x is n y\r bus9ess4 ,b y may see u "w1 if y l40 8,x mu/ be a capital amusem5t to build60 8,z to amusem5t1 x's no amusem5t2 yet x isn't s disagreeable nei!r1 :5 y h to "w = a good g5tleman l y\r fa!r2 :5 y h y\r pay regul>1 & a bottle ( w9e :5 x's hot2 & :5 ! p y "w = d n grudge y :at's reasonable--t's com=table4 ,y d y\r "w1 & pick up y\r tools at ! end ( ! day ) a m]ry he>t4 ,b :5 y h to d ) close-fi/$ p1 x's a mis]able bus9ess1 = y mu/ pay = :at y h to "w )4 ,?is pla/] 9 ! c>t1 & ! bricks1 & s on1 co/ money ( c\rse4 ,& if y c't get paid y\rself1 y mu/ f9d money some:]e1 & get into no end ( tr\ble4 ,b ,i mu/ be (f2 !re's my lad wait+ = me40 8,c\ld y build a l>ge h\se1 ,ma/] ,bran*u80 8,i %\ld ?9k s1 ,ma/] ,paul4 ,:y1 ,i built ! mayor's1 :i* is big en\gh 9 all consci5ce60 ,meantime1 ,paul no long] f9ds ! h\rs hang heavily1 z !y did ! day be=e2 he has got an idea4 ,?is h\se 9 prospect = 8 si/] has seiz$ on 8 imag9ation2 he figures x to himself sometimes z a palace1 sometimes z a turret$ manor-h\se ( ! old /yle1 sometimes z a ,swiss cottage1 cov]$ ) ivy & clematis1 ) innum]able c>v$ balconies4 ,he has a gr[n-up c\s9 :o is an ar*itect2 he has (t5 se5 him at "w at a draw+-bo>d2 "u 8 h& build+s rose z by en*antm5t4 ,x did n appe> v difficult "w4 ,8 c\s9 ,eugne has ! necess>y in/rum5ts 9 ! room he occupies :5 he comes to ! *teau4 ,paul w try to put on pap] "o ( ^? plans ( :i* 8 imag9ation has giv5 him a glimpse4 ,b !re is a difficulty at ! outset4 ,he mu/ "k :at w\ld suit 8 si/] be/2 a b>onial ca/le1 ) t[]s & battlem5ts1 a ,swiss cottage1 or an ,italian villa4 ,if x is to take h] by surprise1 ! surprise mu/ be at any rate an agreeable "o4 ,aft] a good h\r's m$itation1 ,m4 ,paul ?9ks1 & ) "s reason1 t he ought to g & consult 8 fa!r4 8,oh1 oh6 y are 9 a great hurry10 said 8 fa!r1 aft] ,paul's fir/ words4 8,b we are n q s f> advanc$ z t4 ,y want to draw a plan = ,m>ie's h\se4 ,well1 try !n4 ,b 9 ! fir/ place1 we mu/ "k :at y\r si/] wants--h[ %e w\ld l h] h\se arrang$4 ,aft] all1 ,i am n sorry to ha/5 =w>d ?+s a little4 ,we w s5d h] a telegram40 ,,telegram4 8,bav5o4 ,italy4 ,f ,x---- ,mad4 ,n----1 ,htel de ----4 ,paul wants to build a h\se "h = ,m>ie4 ,s5d programme40 ,tw5ty h\rs aft]w>ds ! foll[+ telegram rea*$ ! *teau3-- 8,x----4 ,f ,bav5o4 ,to ,m4 de ,g&elau4 ,arriv$ ?is morn+--all well4 ,paul has an excell5t idea4 ,gr\nd-floor--entrance-hall1 draw+-room1 d9+-room1 pantry1 kit*5 n und]gr\nd1 billi>d-room1 /udy4 ,fir/-floor--two l>ge b$rooms1 two dress+-rooms2 ba?s2 small b$room1 dress+-room2 l95-room1 closets1 attic-b$rooms2 cupbo>ds pl5ty2 /aircase n break-neck4 ,,m>ie ,n----40 ,)\t d\bt+ = a mom5t t 8 si/] _h tak5 9 e>ne/ ! despat* address$ to h]1 & _h repli$ accord+ly1 ,paul set himself resolutely to "w1 &1 in/all$ 9 ,eugne's room1 & mak+ ! be/ ( 8 skill 9 draw+1 endeav\r$ to realize on pap] ! programme giv5 above4 ,! difficulties ( ?is und]tak+ 7 h[ev] s]i\s en\gh to make x necess>y to tell ,m4 ,paul twice t breakfa/ 0 on ! table4 ,! aft]noon pass$ rapidly away1 & on assembl+ = d9n]1 ,paul pres5t$ a f9e %eet ( pap] fairly cov]$ ) plans & elevations4 8,a cr$itable piece ( "w10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau unroll+ x2 8b y\r c\s9 is com+ to-morr[1 & he w be able to criticize y\r plan bett] ?an ,i c40 ,all ! night ,paul 0 9 a /ate ( excitem5t4 ,he dream$ ( a palace ris+ "u 8 direction4 ,b !re 0 always "s defect 9 8 build+4 ,!re 7 no w9d[s2 ! /aircase 0 only a %aky ladd]1 & 8 si/] ,m>ie w\ld n v5ture to m\nt x4 ,9 "o place ! ceil+s 7 s l[ t y c\ld n /& upright2 else:]e !y 7 ( t]rific height4 ,old ,bran*u 0 laugh+ & %ak+ ! walls ) 8 h& to %[ !y 7 n firm4 ,! *imney smok$ horribly1 & 8 little si/] 0 impetu\sly dem&+ a room = h] doll4 ,paul _h look$ at 8 plan aga9 z soon z he got up1 & x appe>$ to him mu* less satisfactory ?an x _h done ! night be=e2 9 fact1 he blu%$ at ! ?\ght ( %[+ x to 8 c\s91 :o 0 com+ to breakfa/2 he 0 hesitat+1 & ?9k+ ( de/roy+ ! pa9ful lab\r ( a :ole day4 8,fa!r1 ,i ?9k my c\s9 w laugh at me if ,i %[ him my draw+40 8,my de> boy10 repli$ ,m4 de ,g&elau1 8:5 we h done :at we c1 i4e41 ! be/ we c1 we mu/ n %r9k f criticism1 :i* is ! only means ( asc]ta9+ ! insuffici5cy ( our k & supply+ its defects4 ,y w\ld be v silly if y ?\ght y c\ld become an ar*itect 9 a s+le morn+2 b if1 aft] hav+ made an ef=t to express an idea :i* y ?9k good1 ei!r 9 draw+ or o!rwise1 y %\ld hesitate to submit y\r essay to "s "o m skilful ?an y\rself1 = fe> ( elicit+ m criticism ?an applause--x w\ld n be mode/y1 b a v repreh5sible vanity1 = x w\ld deprive y ( advice :i* _c fail to be useful to y1 at y\r age especially40 ,:5 8 c\s9 _h come x 0 nev]!less necess>y = ,m4 de ,g&elau to tell 8 son to br+ 8 attempt1 to induce our ar*itectural tyro to unroll aga9 ! pap] he _h cov]$ ! day be=e ) su* pa9fully elaborate designs4 8,well1 my "y c\s910 said ! visitor1 8s y want to become an ar*itect4 ,take c>e6 all is n c\leur de rose 9 t pr(ession1 z x w\ld appe> on y\r pap]40 ,9 a few words ,eugne 0 in=m$ ( :at 0 int5d$4 8,v good6 ,"h is ! draw+-room & ! entrance-hall4 ,i don't q und]/& ! /aircase1 b t is a matt] ( detail4 ,& ! elevations8 ,b x's a palace6--columns1 balu/rades6 ,well1 we c set to "w at once40 8,c\ld we1 c\s98 ,suppose we tell ,ma/] ,bran*u2 he is at "w close by40 8,a little pati5ce--?is is only a sket*4 ,h[ ab\t ! def9itive plans2 & ! e/imates2 & ! details ( execution8 ,we mu/ g me?odically to "w4 ,y mu/ "k1 c\s91 t ! m rapidly we want a build+ erect$1 ! m desirable x is t ev]y?+ %\ld be p]fectly arrang$ be=eh&4 ,rememb] ! tr\ble y\r neighb\r1 ,c\nt ---- has _h1 :o has be5 beg9n+ 8 *teau aga9 & aga9 e spr+ = six ye>s1 )\t be+ able to get x f9i%$1 because he c\ld n indicate all t he want$ at fir/1 & 8 ar*itect _h n ! c\rage to insi/ ^u adopt+ a well-plann$ design once = all2 & because he has li/5$ to all ! :ims1 or r to all ! (fici\s advice :i* fri5ds ( ! family did n fail to (f]1 "o respect+ ! size ( ! rooms1 ano!r ab\t ! plac+ ( ! /aircases1 a ?ird on ! /yle & decoration4 ,we h only a ye> be=e u1 we mu/ !re=e n beg9 till we are c]ta9 ( n tak+ false /eps2 besides1 y\r si/] mu/ approve ! plan4 ,let u consid] a little2 & fir/ let u come to an und]/&+ ab\t ! means ( con/ruction y decide to adopt4 ,z we are 9 a hurry we h h>dly a *oice2 we _c ?9k ( build+ ! h\se ) work$ /one f top to bottom2 t w\ld take too long1 & co/ too mu*4 ,we mu/ adopt a me?od ( con/ruction t is simple1 & c be rapidly execut$4 ,does t meet y\r ideas8 ,y introduce columns 9 y\r front2 = :at purpose8 ,if !y =m a portico1 !y w make ! rooms d>k & gloomy2 if !y are atta*$ to ! walls1 !y are ( no use "h4 ,& ?is balu/rade on ! upp] cornices--:at does t mean8 ,d y suppose y\r lady si/] w walk among ! gutt]s8 ,t is = ! s]vice ( ! cats1 ,i suppose4 ,& please to expla9 ?is3 on ! plan ,i obs]ve t f ! entrance-hall y h to g ?r\gh ! d9+-room to rea* ! draw+-room4 ,b if visitors come :ile y are at table1 y w h to ask !m to wait at ! door1 or invite !m to see y & y\r fri5ds eat4 8,& s ! kit*5 op5s on ! billi>d-room4 ,come1 we mu/ g a little m deeply into ! matt]2 %all we set to "w to d s8 ,betwe5 u we %all p]haps get ?r\gh ! bus9ess a little fa/]1 & y w give me ideas2 = y "k y\r eld] si/]'s ta/es & habits bett] ?an ,i d4 ,y w ?us be able to supplem5t ! scant9ess ( ! programme giv5 u4 ,?9k ab\t x1 & e>ly to-morr[ morn+ we w proce$ to "w out our plan40 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,) ,a ,,little ,,help1 ,,paul',s ,,idea ,,is ,,develop$4 ,9 fact1 e>ly 9 ! morn+ ,paul might be se5 go+ into 8 c\s9's room4 ,ev]y?+ 0 ready3 draw+-bo>d1 ,t-squ>es1 compasses1 & p5cils4 8,take y\r seat "h1 c\s92 y are go+ to r5d] on pap] ! result ( our m$itations1 s9ce y "k s well h[ to make use ( our in/rum5ts4 ,let u proce$ me?odically4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 y d\btless "k ! gr\nd on :i* y\r fa!r int5ds to h y\r si/]'s c\ntry h\se built40 8,yes1 x is d[n !re bel[ ! wood1 ab\t two miles (f--t little valley at ! bottom ( :i* runs ! brook :i* turns ,mi*aud's mill40 8,j %[ me t on ! plan ( ! e/ate4 ,oh1 ,i see x40 8,y see1 c\s91 x is "h4 ,on ! s\? side ( ! plateau are ! arable l&s1 !n ! gr\nd slopes a little to ! nor? t[>ds ! brook4 ,"h !re is a f9e spr+ ( fre% wat] issu+ f ! wood1 :i* is on ! we/4 ,on ! declivity ( ! plateau1 & at ! bottom ( ! valley1 are mead[s ) a few trees40 8,on :i* side !n is ! pleasante/ view80 8,t[>ds ! bottom ( ! valley1 on ! s\?-ea/40 8,h[ d y get to ! mead[ f y\r fa!r's h\se80 8,by cross+ ! wood2 !n y g d[n to ! bottom ( ! valley by ?is road2 y cross a bridge "h1 !n y asc5d along ! plateau obliquely by ?is pa?40 8,v good2 we mu/ !re=e build ! h\se almo/ on ! summit ( ! incl9e fac+ ! nor?--%elt]+ x f ! nor?-we/ w9ds "u ! neighb\r+ wood4 ,! entrance w h to front ! asc5d+ road2 b we mu/ arrange = ! pr9cipal ap>tm5ts to comm& ! mo/ fav\rable aspect1 :i* is s\?-ea/2 moreov]1 we mu/ take advantage ( ! op5 view on ! same side1 & n disreg>d ! spr+ ( fre% wat] t fl[s on ! "r t[>ds ! bottom ( ! valley2 we %all !re=e approa* x & locate ! h\se 9 t re/+-place :i* nature has arrang$ s fav\rably to our views1 "s y>ds bel[ ! plateau4 ,we %all ?us be tol]ably %elt]$ f ! s\?-we/ w9ds1 & %all n h ! dull-look+ pla91 :i* ext5ds z f> z ! eye c rea*1 9 front ( ! h\se4 ,?is settl$1 let u look at ! programme4 ,no dim5sions ( rooms are m5tion$2 we %all !re=e h to det]m9e ?is4 ,accord+ to :at y\r fa!r has told me1 he int5ds ?is h\se to be = con/ant resid5ce1 habitable 9 summ] z well z 9 w9t]1 & consequ5tly to conta9 all t is suitable = a l>ge l&$ proprietor4 ,he means to sp5d ab\t #hjjj ^u x2 x is !re=e a matt] :i* dem&s s]i\s /udy1 especially z y\r si/] & h] husb& make a great po9t ( #8com=t4' ,i 0 at _! h\se 9 ,p>is1 & f\nd x admirably fitt$ up1 b no?+ sacrific$ to vanity or m]e appe>ances4 ,we may !re=e />t f ^! data4 ,let u beg9 by ! plan ( ! gr\nd-floor4 ,! pr9cipal ap>tm5t is ! draw+-room1 :]e ! family assemble4 ,we _c give x less ?an #af or #ag feet 9 wid?1 by #bd to #bh feet 9 l5g?4 ,fir/ draw a p>allelogram to ^! dim5sions4 ,ah1 /ay6 n m]e guess-"w4 ,take y\r scale40 ,paul look$ at 8 tea*] 9 "s p]plexity4 8,i =got2 p]haps y don't "k :at a scale means4 ,inde$ y\r plan seems to h tak5 no acc\nt ( any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,li/5 to me1 !n3 ,:5 y wi% to build a h\se1 or any edifice1 y give ! ar*itect a programme1 i4e41 a complete li/ ( all ! rooms & accessories t are want$4 ,b ?is is n en\gh2 y say su* or su* a room mu/ h su* or su* a wid? by su* or su* a l5g?1 or h su* or su* an area s z to accommodate s _m p]sons4 ,if x is a d9+-room1 = in/ance1 y w m5tion t x mu/ accommodate #aj1 #ae1 #bj1 or #be p]sons at table4 ,if x is a b$room1 y w specify t besides ! b$ 7:i* is a matt] ( c\rse7 x mu/ accommodate su* or su* pieces ( furniture or occupy an area ( #cjj feet1 #djj feet1 c4 ,n[ y "k t an area ( #djj feet is equival5t to a squ>e ^: side is #bj feet1 or a p>allelogram ( ab\t #bd feet by #af feet #h in*es1 or ( #cj feet by #ac feet #d in*es4 ,b ^! la/ dim5sions w\ld n suit a room2 !y are r ! proportions ( a gall]y4 ,indep5d5tly1 !re=e1 ( ! area ( a room1 its bread? & l5g? mu/ be> c]ta9 relations accord+ to its purpose4 ,a draw+-room or a b$*amb] may be squ>e2 b a d9+-room1 if x is to accommodate m ?an t5 p]sons at table1 mu/ be long] ?an x is broad1 because a table increases 9 l5g? b n 9 wid?1 accord+ to ! numb] ( ! gue/s4 ,y mu/ !re=e add #8leaves' to ! d9+-room z y d to ! table4 ,d y und]/&8 ,good4 ,at ?is po9t !n ! ar*itect1 9 prep>+ ! plan1 ev5 if x is only a sket*1 adopts a scale1 i4e41 he divides a l9e drawn ^u 8 pap] into equal p>ts1 ea* repres5t+ a foot4 ,& to save "t1 or to simplify ! "w1 he takes = ea* ( ^! divisions ! #aib?1 or ! #if?1 or ! #dh? "p ( a foot4 ,9 ! fir/ case we call x a scale ( #a_/af? ( an in* to a foot1 or a scale ( #af feet to an in*2 9 ! second1 a scale ( ? ( an in* to a foot1 or a scale ( #h feet to an in*2 9 ! ?ird1 a scale ( ? ( an in* to a foot1 or a scale ( #d feet to an in*4 ,?us y prep>e a plan "o hundr$ & n9ety-two1 n9ety-six1 or =ty-eight times small] ?an its realization w be4 ,i ne$ n say t we may make scales 9 any proportion ad inf9itum--"o1 two1 or ?ree hundr$?s ( an in* to a foot1 or to #aj1 #ajj1 or #a1jjj feet1 z we d = draw+ maps4 ,9 ! same way we may give details on a scale ( #f in*es to a foot1 or half ! actual size2 #b in*es to a foot1 or a six? ( ! actual size1 c4 ,hav+ *os5 8 scale1 ! ar*itect is enabl$ to give to ea* "p ( ! plan exact relative dim5sions4 ,if he has adopt$ ! scale ( "o-eigh? ( an in* to a foot1 & wi%es to indicate a door #d feet 9 wid?1 he takes #d_/h?s4 ,d y und]/&8 ,i am n q sure t y d2 b a few h\rs' practice w r5d] y au fait at x4 ,to %[ y di/9ctly ! utility ( a scale1 ,i w take y\r plan4 ,y\r draw+-room is an oblong4 ,i w suppose x #bj feet by #bg feet2 t is pretty ne>ly ! relative proportion ( ! sides4 ,a n9? ( ! long] side measur$ by ! compass is #c feet4 ,i measure y\r faade by ?is & f9d t y\r l[] /ory is #cj feet high4 ,n[ fancy to y\rself h[ 7,i w n say y\r draw+-room1 b7 y\r entrance-hall1 ^: sides are only #ac feet1 w\ld look ) a height ( #cj feet betwe5 ! floor & ! ceil+4 ,x w\ld be a well4 ,y\r elevation !re=e is n on ! same scale z y\r plan4 ,take = y\r si/]'s draw+-room #ah_/af?s on ?is graduat$ rule1 :i* w give #ah feet on a scale ( #a_/af? ( an in* to a foot4 ,j s2 t gives u ! %ort] side ( ! draw+-room4 ,n[ take #bg_/af?s on ! same rule1 :i* w give #bg feet2 t w be ! long] side4 ,n[ y\r oblong is drawn ) dim5sions p]fectly exact4 ,y w h to surr\nd ?is room ) walls1 = we c sc>cely give ord9>y floors a great] wid?2 y mu/ !re=e h walls to receive ! joi/s4 ,a rubble wall ?r\gh :i* flues h to pass1 c h>dly be less ?an #a foot #h in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,y\r draw+-room w !re=e support itself4 ,next 9 importance to ! draw+-room is ! d9+-room4 ,:]e are we to place x8 ,we ought1 especially 9 ! c\ntry1 to be able to ent] x directly f ! draw+-room4 ,is x to be on ! "r1 or on ! left8 ,y h n ! lea/ idea2 nor ,i ei!r4 ,b *ance _c settle ! "q4 ,let u ?9k ab\t x a little4 ,x w\ld seem natural to put ! kit*5 ne> to ! d9+-room4 ,b ! position ( ! kit*5 is a matt] pres5t+ "s difficulties4 ,:5 y are n at table y don't l to h ! smell ( ! vi&s1 or he> ! noise ( ^? engag$ 9 kit*5 "w4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! kit*5 ought n to be f> f ! d9+-room2 on ! o!r h&1 x ought to be f> en\gh f ! *ief rooms = its exi/5ce n to be suspect$4 ,besides1 ! back-y>d1 ! outbuild+s1 ! p\ltry-y>d1 a small vegetable g>d51 wa%-h\ses1 c41 ought to be ne> ! kit*54 ,x is a matt] ( importance too t ! kit*5 %\ld n h a s\? aspect4 ,& we mu/ n =get t y\r si/]1 :o kn[s h[ a h\se ought to be manag$1 has tak5 ! precaution to say 9 h] laconic programme3 #8,kit*5 n und]gr\nd4' ,%e is "r3 und]gr\nd kit*5s are unheal?y = ^? :o live 9 !m1 pres5t difficulties 9 ! way ( surveillance1 & diffuse _! od\r ?r\gh ! gr\nd floor4 ,we %all put x !re=e on a level ) ! d9+-room1 b )\t direct communication ) ! latt]1 to avoid od\rs & noises4 ,let u exam9e our gr\nd1 its position & aspects4 ,! mo/ undesirable aspect1 & t :i* 9 ! pres5t case (f]s ! lea/ agreeable prospect1 is ! nor?-we/4 ,we %all !re=e place ! draw+-room ) its ext]ior angle t[>ds ! s\?-ea/2 on ! "r we %all put ! d9+-room2 & next ! kit*51 :i* w ?us face ! nor?4 ,d n be 9 a hurry to draw ! plan ( ^! subord9ate ap>tm5ts1 = we mu/ "k fir/ :at position !y are to occupy 9 relation to ! draw+-room & ! entrance-hall4 ,we are requir$ to provide a billi>d-room4 ,x w be well to place x on ! s\?-ea/1 z a p5dant to ! d9+-room4 ,! hall & y\r bro!r-9-law's /udy mu/ be ne> ! entrance4 ,if we place ! d9+-room & ! billi>d-room1 ^: dim5sions are to be ne>ly equal to ^? ( ! draw+-room1 9 juxtaposition & cont9uation ) ! latt]1 ! draw+-room w be light$ only on "o ( its %ort] sides1 = we mu/ put ! entrance-hall 9 front4 ,! draw+-room w\ld 9 t case be gloomy1 & w\ld comm& a view ( ! c\ntry only 9 "o direction4 ,let u !n put ! d9+-room & ! billi>d-room at "r angles to ! draw+-room1 all[+ ! latt] to jut out on ! sides ( ! fav\rable aspect4 ,let u give ea* ( ^! two ap>tm5ts a l5g? ( #bd feet by a wid? ( #ah feet4 ,^! are conv5i5t dim5sions4 ,!n m>k 9 front ( ! draw+-room an entrance-hall1 ^: area we %all det]m9e pres5tly4 8,we w try next to give to ! walls ( ^? ap>tm5ts ! position requir$ by ! g5]al con/ruction4 ,! entrance to ! d9+-room & ! billi>d-room--:i* is also a place ( assembly--is to be f ! draw+-room4 ,! op5+ f ! draw+-room into ! billi>d-room mu/ !re=e be wide en\gh = ^? :o may be 9 ei!r ( ^? ap>tm5ts to assemble )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,b we ought to be able to rea* ! entrance-hall f ! billi>d-room )\t go+ ?r\gh ! draw+-room2 & s ) ! d9+-room4 ,we obs]ve t lat]al prospects 7 requir$ = ! draw+-room1 ^: l5g? is #bg feet4 ,if we take #h feet = ! side-lights1 & #a foot #f in*es = ! ?ickness ( ! wall ( ! billi>d-room or ! d9+-room1 !re w rema9 #ag feet #f in*es to ! entrance p>tition ( ! draw+-room2 our billi>d-room & d9+-room be+ #ah feet wide1 ^! ap>tm5ts w rea* #h in*es beyond ! entrance-p>tition ( ! draw+-room4 ,t does n matt]4 ,let u m>k out ! second wall1 also #a foot #f in*es ?ick4 ,?us we h ! ?ree *ief ap>tm5ts det]m9$4 ,9 ! c5tral l9e ( ! billi>d-room we w make an op5+ into ! draw+-room ( #h feet #f in*es4 ,on ! side ( ! wall sep>at+ x f ! d9+-room we w op5 a door ( #d feet #f in*es into ! d9+-room1 )9 #h in*es ( ! p>tition sep>at+ ! draw+-room f ! entrance-hall4 ,?us we %all ent] ?is d9+-room1 n 9 ! c5tre1 b on "o side1 :i* is m conv5i5t2 = y "k t 9 go+ to or leav+ x ! g5tlem5 (f] _! arms to ! ladies4 ,x is !re=e desirable t 9 go+ out or com+ 9 !re %\ld be no ob/acle 9 _! way4 ,! door lead+ f ! draw+-room to ! d9+-room w be also out ( ! c5tral l9e ( ! op5+ f ! draw+-room into ! billi>d-room2 b t ,i d n m9d4 ,?is door w balance ) ! w9d[ on ?is side look+ outw>ds1 & we w put ! fireplace betwe5 !m4 ,we w op5 a c5tral door f ! entrance-hall into ! draw+-room4 8,9 front1 aga9/ ! wall ( ! billi>d-room1 let u put y\r bro!r-9-law's /udy1 ) a small ant]oom1 :]e p :o h bus9ess ) him c wait1 s z n to be w&]+ ab\t 9 ! hall4 ,on ! d9+-room side 7( ! hall7 we w put ! pantry4 ,! /udy mu/ be at lea/ #ab feet #f in*es wide4 ,we w make ! entrance-hall jut out a little to =m a projection4 8,! /aircase is a v important po9t 9 e h\se4 ,x %\ld be proportion$ to ! h\se1--nei!r too spaci\s nor too scanty4 ,x mu/ n occupy space uselessly2 x mu/ give easy access to ! upp] /ories1 & be suffici5tly conspicu\s4 ,if we take a "p ( ! /aircase out ( ! entrance-hall1 :i* is v l>ge--#ah feet by #af feet--x w be v conspicu\s1 & we %all ga9 room4 ,! wid? ( a /aircase 9 a h\se ( ?is /yle & size %\ld be at lea/ #d feet4 ,b ! hall ought to communicate directly ) ! d9+-room1 ! pantry1 & all ! (fices to ! "r ( ! plan4 ,let u res]ve a passage ( #d feet & m>k ! fir/ /ep4 ,! height ( ! l[] /ory betwe5 floor & floor %\ld be1 reckon+ ! size ( ! rooms1 #ae feet2 :i* w give !m a cle> height ( #ad feet1 res]v+ #a foot = ! ?ickness ( ! floor ( ! *amb] /ory4 ,! /eps ( an easy /aircase %\ld be ab\t #f in*es high4 ,to asc5d #ae feet we require ?irty /eps4 ,ea* /ep %\ld be #aj to #ab in*es wide4 ,! /aircase %\ld h an ext5sion ( #be feet = /eps ( #aj in*es 9 wid?1 or #cj feet = /eps ( #ab in*es1 reckon+ ?irty /eps4 ,let u take a mean--say #bg feet4 ,we mu/ f9d room = ?is ext5sion ( #bg feet at ! lea/4 ,we w !re=e place a /aircase projection at ! angle ( ! entrance-hall prom95t en\gh to br+ u1 9 w9d+ r\nd a newel 7:i* w be 9 ! prolongation ( ! wall on ! "r ( ! draw+-room71 to ! fir/ floor1 pass+ out into ! ante*amb] ( ?is floor4444 ,i m>k out ?is /aircase = y3 we %all h to return to x4 ,! fir/ fifte5 /eps come into ! l5g? ( ! newel & ! wall1 & all[ u to place bel[ ! la/ half flight ( ! /airs ! wat]-closet = ! family on ! gr\nd floor4 ,op5+ f ! passage we w next put ! pantry4 ,!n ! s]vants' /aircase 9 a t[]2 !n ! s]v+-room2 !n ! kit*5 9 ! w+2 a bakeh\se & scull]y1 a wa%-h\se1 & a way out f ! kit*5 to ! kit*5 g>d54 ,=m+ a return1 we w put a /able = ?ree horses1 a coa*-h\se = two c>riages1 a h>ness-room1 & a small flight ( /airs to rea* ! rooms = ! coa*man & groom1 & ! hay-l(t 9 ! ro(4 ,ne> ! /able we w leave a way into ! y>d & ! l>d] & s]vants' conv5i5ces4 8,we w sep>ate all ^! (fices f ! ma9 build+ by a pl9? wall & trellis-"w at ! "r ( ! r\nd t[] s]vants' /aircase1 :i* w give u a c\rty>d = ! kit*51 /able1 & coa*-h\se4 ,9 front we w res]ve a space = ! p\ltry-y>d1 ! f[l-h\se1 & ! manure pit4444 8,n[ t we h trac$ out ! g5]al plan ( our gr\nd floor1 let u try to improve x 9 detail4 8,x w\ld be v nice to h a bay w9d[ at ! end ( ! draw+-room look+ out on ! g>d54 ,no?+ prev5ts u f plann+ ano!r at ! end ( ! billi>d-room1 ) a divan :]e ! g5tlem5 might smoke1 & a ?ird at ! end ( ! d9+-room1 :i* w\ld all[ ! di%es to be pass$ 9 ?r\gh a turn f ! s]v+-room1 & af=d room = ! sidebo>d & c>v+ tables4 8,we %all f9d ^! projections useful on ! fir/ floor4 8,b we ought to h a way out f ! draw+-room or ! billi>d-room into ! g>d54 ,i mu/ confess t ,i am n v fond ( ^? flights ( /eps1 :i* are scor*+ "u a hot sun & v disagreeable 9 w9d & ra92 if1 !n1 9 ! angle =m$ by ! billi>d-room ) ! draw+-room1 & along x1 we 7 to place a cons]vatory inclos+ a flight ( /eps1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be a conv5i5t arrangem5t4 ,?us we c\ld pass f ! draw+-room or ! billi>d-room into ?is cons]vatory1 & c\ld take c(fee !re 9 wet wea!r1 & h a cov]$ approa* to ! g>d54 ,"s fl[]s & %rubs plac$ along ! glaz$ side w\ld enliv5 ! billi>d-room )\t d>k5+ x4 ,b 9 front ( ! entrance-hall we w h a flight ( /eps 9 ! usual /yle1 :i* we %all take c>e to put "u %elt]1 ! position ( ! /aircase all[+ u to d s )\t difficulty4 8,let u draw out all ?is z ne>ly z we c2 we %all h to revise x :5 we h /udi$ ! fir/ floor1 ^: arrangem5ts may oblige u to modify "s ( ^? on ! gr\nd floor 7,fig4 #a74 8,z ! walls mu/ rise f ! bottom1 y w put a piece ( trac+ pap] ov] ?is gr\nd-plan to avoid loss ( "t4 ,y w ?us h b5ea? y\r eyes & p5cil ! walls to :i* y mu/ accommodate ! sup]/ructure1 & we %all pres5tly see :e!r !re is reason to modify "s p>ts ( ?is gr\nd-plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,a1 entrance-hall2 ,b1 draw+-room2 ,c1 d9+-room2 ,d1 billi>d-room2 ,e1 /udy2 ,f1 cons]vatory inclos+ flight ( /eps2 ,g1 butl]'s pantry2 ,h1 kit*52 ,i1 s]v+-room2 ,k1 ,l1 bakeh\se & wa%-h\se2 ,m1 (fice-y>d2 ,n1 ,s1 p\ltry-y>d2 ,o1 /able2 ,p1 coa*-h\se2 ,r1 h>ness-room2 a1 s]vants' /aircase2 b1 cell> /eps2 c1 groom's /aircase2 ,v1 ,w1 wat]-closets4 8,j s4 ,let u fir/ trace ! t]m9ation ( ! /aircase2 ! la/ ( ! ?irty /eps we %all require is 9 a l9e ) ! wall on ! "r ( ! entrance-hall2 x is ! l&+ :i* w op5 on ! ante*amb] above ! hall4 ,ov] ! draw+-room we %all place ,madame ,n4's room2 b z ?is area w\ld be too l>ge1 we %all take advantage ( ! space to put a second p>tition1 :i* w give d\ble doors & a capital space = closets1 :i* ladies nev] f9d sup]flu\s4 ,to give light 9 ?is space we %all glaze an upp] portion ( ! p>tition next to ! ante*amb]4 ,^! d\ble doors w insure great] privacy 9 ! b$room1 & prev5t ! passage ( s\nds4 ,besides1 ?is second ante*amb] w enable u to provide a direct communication ) ,monsieur ,n4's ap>tm5t1 :i* we %all place 9 ! fav\rable aspect1 t is ov] ! billi>d-room4 8,z ?is area also is too l>ge1 we %all take out ( ! space ?us available a lady's dress+-room1 & a ba?room2 & provide an entrance to ,monsieur ,n4's room direct f ! ante*amb] ?r\gh a private passage1 :i* w also op5 into ! lady's dress+-room1 t = y\r bro!r-9-law ov] ! /udy1 8 b$*amb] & ! closets = ^! ap>tm5ts4 ,?us :5 ! two doors lead+ to ! ante*amb] are %ut1 ^! rooms w be completely cut (f4 ,) a corridor answ]+ to t ( ! gr\nd floor on ! "r we %all e/abli% a communication betwe5 ! ante*amb]1 ! s]vants' /aircase1 ! l95-room 7an important matt]71 :i* we %all place ov] ! kit*51 ) a l>ge w>drobe = y\r si/] on ! "r ( h] b$room1 & a nurs]y 7= we mu/ provide = e cont+5cy71 :i*1 z well z ! w>drobe1 w be ov] ! d9+-room4 ,! recess or bay w9d[ ( ! gr\nd floor w af=d u ! means ( giv+ a nice dress+-room = ! *ildr5's or gue/s' room on ! fir/ floor2 & t ( ! billi>d-room w furni% a v agreeable addition to ,monsieur ,n4's room4 ,z to ! bay w9d[ 9 ! draw+-room1 we w cov] ) a flat1 ) a balu/rade1 :i* w give y\r si/]'s room a h&some balcony1 :]e an awn+ & fl[]s c be plac$ 9 ! summ]4 7,fig4 #b47 8,y see1 ,paul1 our plan beg9s to assume a def9ite %ape4 ,breakfa/ w soon be ready3 g & take a walk1 & 9 ! aft]noon we w resume our "w1 t is to say1 we w proce$ to ! elevations40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,floor4 ,a1 ante*amb]2 ,b1 ,madame ,n4's b$room2 ,c1 dress+-room & ba?room2 ,d1 w>drobe2 ,e1 ,monsieur ,n4's b$room2 ,f1 dress+-room & ba?room2 ,g1 nurs]y2 ,h1 dress+-room2 ,i1 l95-room2 ,p1 lumb]-room2 ,w1 wat]-closets4 ,on go+ d[n to ! g>d51 ,paul began to exam9e ! family mansion ) an att5tion he _h nev] yet be/[$ ^u x4 ,he _h nev] ?\ght be=e ( obs]v+ h[ its ap>tm5ts 7 arrang$4 ,he began to calculate ! space lo/ 9 ^? int]m9able passages2 he p]ceiv$ "h & !re d>k & useless corn]s4 ,! /aircase />t$ badly4 ,on ! gr\nd floor x c\ld n be f\nd )\t kn[+ ! arrangem5t ( ! h\se4 ,! kit*5 0 at a va/ di/ance f ! d9+-room1 & to get f ! "o to ! o!r y mu/ cross a c>riage road1 g d[n two /eps & m\nt six4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 8 life ?is /ruck him z b>b>\s4 ,walk+ ab\t wait+ = ! breakfa/ bell1 ,paul began to ask himself :e!r 8 fa!r w\ld n d well to pull d[n 8 old mansion & build "o on a new plan devis$ by himself ) 8 c\s9's advice4 ,he began to reckon up ! sev]al faults 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! h\se1 n =gett+ its too num]\s break-neck passages4 ,he consid]$ ! sombre draw+-room1 flank$ on two sides by ! two old t[]s t mask$ ! side views1 8 fa!r's little /udy light$ by a n>r[ w9d[ & ent]$ by a pretty l>ge room1 g5]ally unus$1 & :i* s]v$ z a fruit-room 9 ! autumn2 _m o!r defects besides4444 8,well10 said 8 fa!r1 z soon z !y 7 seat$ at table1 8y h be5 already at "w ?is morn+80 ,paul1 full ( ! subject t _h engag$ him1 gave an exact description ( ! plan :i* _h be5 prep>$2 b c\ld n f9i% )\t indulg+ 9 "s critical rem>ks on ! family mansion4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,tree ,,( ,,k4 ,8 "m look$ at him ) a/oni%m5t2 8 fa!r became s]i\s1 & said3 8,paul1 ?is h\se satisfies y\r "m j z x is1 & me too2 y ?ree--y\r two si/]s & y\rself--7 all born "h2 my fa!r left x to me1 & ,i h add$ to x only :at has be5 necess>y4 ,!re is n a corn] 9 ?is h\se b is associat$ ) "s happy or m\rnful rem9isc5ce2 x has be5 consecrat$ by ! lab\rs ( ?ree g5]ations ( hon\rable occupants4 ,all ! p ( ! neighb\rhood1 :o please to give x ! "n ( ! ,*teau1 "k t !y may look = bread "h :5 !y want x1 clo!s = _! little ones1 advice 9 _! diff]5ces1 & relief if !y are ill4 ,!y d n ne$ to be %[n ! /aircase t leads to y\r "m's room or my /udy1 = !y "k x z well z we d2 !y "k z well z we d ^? #8break-neck places' on :i* y are s sev]e1 & d n get lo/ 9 ! long passages4 ,if ! kit*5 is a little too f> f ! d9+-room1 x is l>ge en\gh to hold ! h>ve/-m5 :5 !y come to supp]1 & ! %eph]ds :5 !y come to settle _! acc\nts4 ,i d n ?9k ,i %\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 alt]+ all ?is1 = ?is h\se belongs1 ,i may say1 to ! neighb\rhood2 & y %\ld n =get any m ?an ,i d t1 9 #agic1 my gr&fa!r rema9$ "h alone ) 8 wife & my fa!r )\t mole/ation1 :ile all ! neighb\r+ *teaux 7 ab&on$ & pillag$4 8,:5 we are gone--y\r "m & ,i--y w d :at y ?9k fit ) ?is h\se2 b if !re is "o piece ( advice ,i w\ld impress ^u y1 x is--,keep x z x is1 = x may outla/ y & y\r *ildr54 ,keep x1 = y mu/ h committ$ _m faults be=e x c cease to be a %elt] = our family4 8,i "k z well z y--p]haps bett]--all t x ne$s to adapt x to ! ta/e ( ! day2 & if ,i 7 to sell x to "s weal?y proprietor1 he w\ld probably soon demoli% x & build a h\se or a *teau m com=table1 & bett] suit$ to mod]n habits4 ,:at su* a pur*as] might d ,i _c1 ,i ought n to d4 8,! good p ) wood5 %oes on _! feet & wooll5 cloaks on _! backs :o come "h to talk ) me1 & :o w\ld protect my old h\se1 if ne$ 7 7,i h _h pro( ( x71 w\ld cease to come into a new dwell+ ) :i* !y 7 n famili>1--:]e ev]y?+ w\ld h a t5d5cy to repel !m1 if n to ar\se envi\s reflections 9 !m4 ,i %\ld become unaccu/om$ to see !m2 & :ile x seems to me q natural to see !m at any "t 9 ?is h\se--:i* only recalls ! pa/1 & :]e all is simple & some:at r\gh1 l !mselves--x w\ld probably appe> to me /range to introduce !m into ap>tm5ts arrang$ & decorat$ 9 mod]n ta/e4 8,x is undesirable to di/urb visual associations2 our simple-m9d$ neighb\rs connect 9 ?\ght ! inhabitant ) ! h\se3 *ange ! latt]1 & !y w no long] recognize ! =m]4 8,y\r c\s9 kn[s /ill bett] ?an y or ,i :at are ! defects ( our old mansion1 & h[ x might be r5d]$ mu* m attractive2 yet he has nev] sugge/$ modifications to me1 because he p]ceives1 z ,i d1 t by mak+ any *ange 9 su* build+s acquir$ habits among ^? ar\nd u w\ld be di/urb$ 9 a way t c\ld only be injuri\s4 8,& "h are y--an ar*itect ( two or ?ree h\rs' /&+1 & be=e y "k :e!r y c\ld improve on ! h\se z x is--?9k+ ( pull+ x d[n4 ,be a little m mode/2 :5 y h /udi$ "s "t & se5 m1 y w "k t a dwell+ ought to be1 to a man & 8 family1 a well-suit$ dress1 & t :5 a resid5ce is p]fectly adapt$ to ! mann]s & habits ( ^? x %elt]s1 x is excell5t4 ,h[ _m proprietors h ,i se5 :o1 :ile de/roy+ _! ance/ral mansion1 to replace x by a habitation con=mable z !y ?\ght to ! requirem5ts ( ! mom5t1 h by ! same act ruptur$ ! tie :i* atta*$ _! family to ! humble inhabitants ( ! neighb\rhood60 ,! only reply ,paul (f]$ to ^! argum5ts 0 to g & embrace 8 "m & fa!r2 & no bett] c\ld h be5 ?\ght (4 8,i don't exactly see10 said ,paul to 8 c\s91 :5 !y 7 bo? 9 ! p>k aft] breakfa/1 8:y my fa!r %\ld wi% to h a h\se built = my si/]1 s9ce he ?9ks x s desirable to keep = himself & = u ! old mansion 9 :i* we 7 born40 8,x is n a matt] ( v easy explanation2 b y are old en\gh1 ,paul1 to und]/& x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 y\r si/] ,m>ie n[ be>s ano!r "n ?an y\rs2 & a well-kn[n respect$ "n has a simil> /&+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ) ! old h\se to :i*1 s to speak1 x is atta*$4 ,if y _h n be5 born1 & y\r p>5ts 7 no long] liv+1 ,madame ,n----1 y\r si/]1 on com+ to live on ?is e/ate1 might safely pull d[n ! old h\se & build a new "o1 = x w\ld n be m difficult to introduce ! new h\se ?an ! "n ( a new proprietor4 ,%e w\ld h to create new ties ) all ?is little _w t surr\nds y1 & consequ5tly to e/abli% betwe5 ?is _w & h] new family relations diff]+ probably f ^? :i* n[ exi/ betwe5 y\r fa!r & ! p ( y\r neighb\rhood4 ,y\r fa!r's connection ) ! peasants ( ,b]ri1 among :om he has always liv$1 is int]tw9$ ) traditions h&$ d[n ?r\gh sev]al g5]ations )\t int]ruption4 ,he c !re=e obta9 s]vices f !m1 & inspire !m ) a confid5ce :i* w\ld n be accord$ to new-com]s1 or to any "n b 82 :ile ^! peasants on _! "p unsuspect+ly accept fav\rs :i* !y "k f long exp]i5ce to be dis9t]e/$4 ,! old manor-h\se1 occupi$ by a /rang] be>+ a new "n1 w\ld lose ! pre/ige :i* y\r fa!r s ju/ly appreciat$2 !re w\ld 9 t case be no advantage 9 pres]v+ its "t-hon\r$ aspect4 ,m4 de ,g&elau1 !re=e1 :o does no?+ )\t consid]ation1 p]ceives t "s day or o!r1 by ! pressure ( circum/ances1 8 h\se might be no long] suitable = 8 *ildr51 s t be=e its possible disappe>ance1 he builds a new "o = y\r si/]2 a h\se to :i* ! neighb\rhood w become gradually accu/om$1 & :i* w =m a new family c5tre2 = ,madame ,m>ie is belov$ & e/eem$ ?r\gh\t ! neighb\rhood4 ,p w become accu/om$ to ! m mod]n habits ( ! new manor-h\se1 & no "o w !n ?9k x /range t ! old "o %\ld be demoli%$4 ,y\r fa!r is prep>+ a gradual transition f a social condition1 :i*1 ?\gh on ! decl9e ev5 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts1 /ill exi/s1 to t :i* is de/9$ to replace x4 ,y see1 !n1 t ?\gh he values ! pa/1 & endeav\rs to pres]ve its advantages1 he does n believe 9 its p]petuity1 & =esees ! "t :5 x mu/ vani% be=e ! habits & requirem5ts ( ! pres5t4 ,natural z is y\r fa!r's mode ( liv+1 because x is ! result ( habits t h n be5 int]rupt$ = _m g5]ations1 x w\ld be difficult = a new-com] to con=m to ^! habits4 ,besides1 ?is e/ate :i* ,m4 de ,g&elau has r5d]$ s productive1 & :i* he has increas$ 9 ext5t1 w h to be divid$ at 8 decease among/ 8 ?ree *ildr54 ,already he has deta*$ a portion ( x to =m y\r si/]'s d[ry4 ,he int5ds1 !n1 by ! resid5ce we are go+ to build1 to h ?is "p n[ br\ght into h>mony ) ! habits ( ! new proprietors1 :o are "y1 & ^: mode ( life mu/ be diff]5t f t :i* /ill suits y\r fa!r4 ,:5 y are old] y w appreciate all ^! ?+s bett]4 ,let u g & resume our "w40 ,paul 0 endeav\r+ to ga9 a cle> view ( ! grave subjects 8 c\s9 _h be5 discuss+4 ,he recall$ ! conv]sation ( ! prec$+ days betwe5 8 fa!r & "m1 & 8 m9d 0 evid5tly full ( ideas1 new to him1 :i* _h be5 ?us sugge/$4 ,at any rate1 ! old h\se began to assume 9 8 eyes a v5]able appe>ance1 & he 0 no long] incl9$ to c5sure its inconv5i5t arrangem5ts & some:at inelegant ext]ior4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,paul',s ,,ideas ,,respect+ ,,art1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,!y ,,7 ,,modifi$4 8,be=e resum+ our p5cil10 said ,eugne1 z soon z !y 7 seat$ once m 9 8 /udy1 8y mu/ "k h[ y are go+ to proce$4 ,we h sket*$ ! gr\nd plans4 ,we "k t !y c be realiz$1 t ! con/ruction w pres5t no special difficulties2 t ! p>tition walls ( ! upp] /ories /& v]tically on ^? ( ! l[] ones2 t ! be>+s ( ! floors are reasonable1 & t ! op5+s are conv5i5tly plac$4 ,t is satisfactory s f>4444 ,b n[1 d y realize ^! plans 9 elevation8 ,t is1 c y fancy ! h\se z /&+1 ) its /ories1 its ro(+1 its w9d[s1 c480 8,well1 ,i c't say ,i d40 8,y mu/ !n fir/ picture ! build+ to y\rself z if x actually exi/$4444 ,i "k t ?is is h>dly possible = y1 s9ce !re are _m ar*itects :o are z f> (f z y f be+ able to d s :5 !y h drawn horizontal plans on pap]1 & :o 9 draw+ ^! plans d n see ! build+ = :i* !y are design$4 ,reflect a little2 exam9e _! outl9es well1 & endeav\r to give !m 9 elevation "s def9ite =m 9 y\r m9d's eye be=e mak+ use ( ! p5cil4444 ,take y\r "t4 ,i h a lett] to write1 & "s acc\nts to att5d to2 s :ile ,i am engag$1 try to give me ! elevation ( "o ( ! fronts ( ! h\se1--! entrance-front1 = example1 on ! nor? side1--& we w discuss y\r design4 ,i only give y "o piece ( advice1--t is1 to put no?+ ^u pap] )\t hav+ previ\sly consid]$ :e!r y\r design is appropriate & useful4 8,come1 try y\r be/2 & don't =get ! scale ( proportions40 ,paul 0 mu* emb>rass$1 & f\nd ! "w by no means easy4 ,! ideas :i* _h sugge/$ !mselves 9 abundance at 8 fir/ attempt 7 n =?com+ n[4 ,h[ev]1 at ! end ( a good h\r & a half he pres5t$ a sket* to 8 c\s94 8,x might be worse10 said ,eugne4 8,y h giv5 ! gr\nd floor #ae feet f floor to floor1--t 0 ab\t :at we said2 b :y ! same height = ! fir/ floor8 ,! rooms are small]1 & m airy2 !re is !re=e no ne$ to give an equal height to ?is /ory1 & #ac feet #f in*es w\ld be q en\gh4 ,& :y put r\nd ar*$ w9d[s on ! gr\nd floor8 ,ar*$ w9d[s are difficult to fit ) casem5ts1 & !re is a difficulty ) %utt]s1 jal\sies1 or outside bl9ds4 ,aga91 ! w9d[s ( y\r pr9cipal /aircase d n ramp ) ! /airs1 & w\ld be cut 9 ! middle by x2 :i* w\ld prev5t _! be+ op5$1 & expose !m to dang] f ! feet 9 asc5d+ or desc5d+4 ,9 ! next place1 y\r /air turret does n rise above ! cornice1 & w\ld n enable y to ent] ! attics4 ,& s ) ! s]vants' /aircase4 ,y\r ro(s are d\ble pit*$2 t is1 ) two angles ( incl9ation4 ,t is n q ! ?+ = ?is di/rict4 ,! ro(s %\ld be simply triangul>1 & )\t hips1 :i* are difficult to keep 9 repair4 ,gables are pref]able4 ,y h m>k$ quo9s ( /one at ! angles4 ,i see no h>m 9 t2 b h[ w\ld y =m y\r w9d[ reveals ?us enfram$ by a k9d ( pila/]8 ,none ( y\r *imney-/acks rise above y\r ro(2 yet y are aw>e t !y usually %[4 ,y\r attic w9d[s are too l[1 & y w\ld run y\r head aga9/ ! top 9 look+ out ( !m4 ,! l9tels ( ^! dorm] w9d[s mu/ be at lea/ #f feet #f in*es above ! floor4 ,& :y make y\r dorm] w9d[s oval8 ,x is a v inconv5i5t %ape1 & !y are difficult to op5 & %ut4 ,y h drawn ! entrance flight ( /eps 9 p]spective1 z ! ,*9ese d 444 b t is a trifle4 ,:at w y build y\r walls )8 ,masonry1 rubble-"w1 masonry & rubble m+l$1 or /one & bricks8 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,,ro( ,,plan4 8,let u /udy ?is toge!r4 ,:5 y draw a horizontal or gr\nd plan1 indep5d5tly ( ! arrangem5ts1 y h to consid] h[ y\r build+s %all be cov]$ 94 ,= ! mo/ important "q 9 a build+ is t ( ! mann] ( ro(+ x1 z e build+ int5d$ = int]nal use is a %elt]4 ,t is unque/ionable1 is x n8 ,well1 !n1 9 y\r build+1 ! plans ( :i* y h n[ be=e y1 :at is obs]vable 9 ! g5]al =m ( ! ma9 block8 ,two p>allelograms int]sect+--s 7,fig4 #c74 ,"o p>allelogram1 a b c d1 int]sect$ by ano!r1 e f g h4 ,we d n n[ take into acc\nt ! bay w9d[s & /aircases4 ,if !n we raise gables ^u ! walls1 a c1 b d1 ) a l5g? ( slope equal to ! l9e a c1 we %all h two equilat]al triangles ^: bases w be a c & b d1 & ! angles ( incl9ation #fj1 :i* is ! mo/ suitable pit* = slat+1 inasmu* z x gives no hold to ! sn[ or opportunity = mis*ief to ! w9d4 ,if 9 l mann] we erect ^u ! walls e f g h two gables hav+ a simil> incl9ation1 ^! walls be+ less 9 l5g? ?an ^? m>k$ a b c d1 ! triangles w be small] & _! summits less elevat$ ?an ! fir/4 ,consequ5tly ! ro( rais$ ^u ! small] p>allelogram w p5etrate t rais$ ^u ! l>g]1 & w =m by its p5etration int]nal angles :i* we call valleys2 ,i draw ^! valleys i k1 k l1 m n1 m o4 ,! incl9ation ( ! two ro(s be+ equal1 ^! valleys w1 9 plan1 divide ! "r angle into two equal angles3 y "k en\gh ( geometry to und]/& t4 8,"h1 !n1 we see ! simple/ way ( ro(+ our build+2 & :5 ro(+ is 9 "q1 ! simple/ me?ods are always ! be/4 ,n[1 9 ord] t our two /airs may give access to ! ?ird /ory1 x is necess>y t _! walls %\ld rise above ! cornice ( ! build+ & =m = !m alone an additional /ory4 ,we w !n raise ^! /air-walls & w give !m ro(s ( _! own4 ,"o--t ( ! pr9cipal /airs--%all be pyramidal2 & ! o!r--t ( ! small /airs--conical4 8,!re is no reason :y we %\ld n erect ^u ! two walls g z1 s t1 ( ! bay w9d[s1 small gables1 always ) ! same incl9ation ( #fj1 & cov] ^! projections ) two small ro(s abutt+ aga9/ ! great gables a c1 b d4 ,z to ! build+ appropriat$ on ! gr\nd floor to ! kit*5 & on ! fir/ floor to ! l95-room1 we w foll[ ! same me?od1 &1 erect+ a gable on ! wall u v1 we %all h ^u ?is w+ a triangul> ro(1 :i* w also abut aga9/ ! great gable b d4 ,we %all !n h a meet+ ( two slopes at ! bottom ( ! ro( ( ! bay w9d[ s t1 & ( t ( ! l95-room w+4 ,we %all =m a lean-to 7s z to d )\t inn] gutt]s17 :i* w p5etrate ^! two ro(s & dis*>ge ! wat] at t4 ,! horizontal projection1 !re=e1 ( ?is assemblage ( ro(s1 w be z ! draw+ %[s 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,! *imney-/acks w pass ?r\gh ^! ro(s1 z ,i indicate to y2 & 9 ord] to prev5t ! *imneys f smok+1 ^! /acks %\ld rise at lea/ to ! level ( ! ridge1 t is1 a little above ! topmo/ cre/ ( ! highe/ ro(4 ,) reg>d to ! ro(s ( ! outbuild+s1 z !y are l[]--be+ only "o /ory 9 height--we ne$ n tr\ble ourselves ab\t !m j n[4 8,obs]ve t1 z ^! gables rise p]p5dicul>ly1 we are enabl$ to get 9 ! ro( a ?ird /ory1 af=d+ "s v conv5i5t b$rooms = gue/s1 besides ! s]vants' rooms 79 ! attics71 :i* we mu/ provide1 & light by means ( dorm] w9d[s2 :ile we %all be able to provide = ! b$rooms 9 ! gables h&some w9d[s ) balconies1 if we wi%4 8,t settl$1 9 pr9ciple1 x w be z well to arrange ! divisions ( ?is /ory 9 ! ro(4 ,lay a piece ( trac+-pap] ^u ! plan ( ! fir/ floor4 ,good3 n[ trace all ! ?ick walls :i* mu/ ( necessity be c>ri$ up "u ! ro(1 s9ce !y conta9 fireplaces4 ,draw #c feet #c in*es )9 ! eave walls--i4e4 ^? :i* d n c>ry gables--a l9e t indicates ! space r5d]$ useless by ! slope ( ! ro(2 ?us y w get ! space ( :i* y are able to make use4 ,! pr9cipal /airs rea* to ?is floor1 z well z ! s]vants' /airs4 ,to ! left ( ! ?ick division wall1 :i*1 f ! pr9cipal /aircase1 goes to jo9 ! angle ( ! ma9 build+ t[>ds ! s\?-ea/--! desirable aspect--we are go+ to dispose ! b$rooms = gue/s1 :i* w ?us =m a sep>ate qu>t] communicat+ ) ! *ief ap>tm5ts by ! pr9cipal /airs4 ,we c 9 ?is "p get two good b$rooms1 ,a & ,b1 ) _! dress+-rooms a & b2 & two small] b$rooms ,c & ,d1 all hav+ fireplaces4 ,we mu/ n =get ! wat]-closet = ^! rooms1 at ,w4 ,on ! o!r side1 9 imm$iate communication ) ! s]vants' /airs1 we c easily get f\r s]vants' b$rooms1 ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 a lumb]-room ,i1 & a wat]-closet ,l1 = ! s]vants4 7,fig4 #d47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,floor4 8,9 ! upp] "p ( ! coa*-h\se & /able build+ & ov] ! wa%-h\se1 we %all also be able 9 ! ro(s to arrange ?ree or f\r b$rooms = ! coa*man1 groom1 c4 8,& n[ = ! elevations4 8,we w raise ! gr\nd floor #d feet above ! ext]ior gr\nd level1 9 ord] to give air to our cell>s1 & to pres]ve ! gr\nd floor f ! moi/ure ( ! e>?4 ,we w give ! l[] rooms a height ( #ad feet to ! ceil+4 ,draw at ?is level a horizontal /r+ c\rse #ab in*es deep1 :i* w be ! ?ickness ( ! floor4 ,to ! rooms ( ! fir/ floor1 :i* are small] ?an ^? ( ! gr\nd floor1 we w give a height ( #ab feet 9 ! cle>4 ,n[1 m>k ! ?ickness ( ! cornice1 ) its tabl+1 #a foot #i in*es4 ,!n w beg9 ! ro(s1 ^: height w be fix$ by t ( ! gables4 ,tak+ ! entrance front we project ! angles ( ! build+1 ! doors & ! w9d[s f ! plan4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! outl9e ( ! faade arrang$40 ,eugne !n took ! bo>d & sket*$ ! faade4 7,fig4 #e74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,,! ,,entrance ,,front ,a fair copy on a small scale ( all ?is 0 soon made1 to be s5t to ,madame ,m>ie ,n----1 t !y might "k :at %e ?\ght ( x1 & might proce$ to execute ! plan z soon z h] reply 0 receiv$4 ,paul 0 beg9n+ to p]ceive "s ( ! difficulties accompany+ ev5 ! mo/ mode/ ar*itectural und]tak+1 & to ask himself h[ ,ma/] ,bran*u1 :o c\ld b j manage to write & ciph]1 _h be5 able to build ! ,mayor's h\se1 :i* 0 n su* a bad "o to look at4 ,8 c\s91 to :om he ref]r$ ! "q1 repli$ z foll[s3-- 8,bran*u has a practical k ( 8 bus9ess2 he is a good c\ntry mason1 :o began by c>ry+ ! hod3 he is ! son ( a mason1 & does :at he has se5 8 fa!r d be=e him4 ,besides ?is1 he is intellig5t1 labori\s1 & hone/4 ,by practice alone he has succe$$ 9 build+ z well z is usual 9 ! c\ntry--p]haps a little bett]1 because he sets himself to "w to reason ab\t :at he is do+4 ,he obs]ves2 he is no simpleton1 nor is he va92 he avoids faults1 & copies excell5ces :]ev] he sees !m4 ,y %all see him at "w1 & y w sometimes be surpris$ at ! ju/ness ( 8 obs]vations1 ! p]si/5cy ) :i* he def5ds 8 op9ions1 & ! practical me?ods ( :i* he is ma/]4 ,if y give him in/ructions1 & he does n q und]/& !m1 he says no?+1 b comes aga9 next day to expla9 to y :at he supposes 0 int5d$2 ?us oblig+ y to repeat "o by "o all ! d\btful po9ts1 & to complete :at seem$ to him incomplete or vague 9 y\r /atem5ts4 ,i l ,bran*u because ( 8 p]si/5t det]m9ation to und]/& ! ord]s giv5 him2 & :at makes him seem tr\blesome to "s appe>s to me a virtue2 = if y h to d ) him1 y mu/ h =ese5 ev]y?+1 h an answ] to e objection1 & "k exactly :at y wi% 9 e p>ticul>4 ,he gave up work+ = ,c\nt ----1 y\r neighb\r1 because he _h to undo next day :at he _h be5 ord]$ to d ! day be=e4 ,ask him ab\t x--! /ory is wor? he>+4 ,?is good man1 :o has _h only ! mo/ elem5t>y exp]i5ce 9 8 bus9ess1 b is ?or\ghly ma/] ( x s f>1 :o kn[s ! mat]ials ( ! di/rict well1 & h[ to make use ( !m1 w tell y t ! ar*itect ( t int]m9able *teau is an ignoramus1 & w prove x to y1 aft] 8 fa%ion4 ,yet x is evid5t t ! ar*itect 9 "q is a mu* m le>n$ man ?an ,ma/] ,bran*u4 8,z a g5]al rule1 9 giv+ an ord]1 y %\ld h ?\ght sev5 times ( ! objections to :i* x is liable1 o!rwise "s ,ma/] ,bran*u may />t up :o1 ) a s+le ^w w demon/rate y\r ?\ghtlessness4 ,an ar*itect may1 inde$1 if he *ooses1 /op ! m\? ( objectors :5 plac$ "u 8 au?ority2 b to impose sil5ce on p is n to prove t !y are wrong1 especially if a few days aft]w>ds ! director ( ! works gives contr>y ord]s4 ,e "o has 8 %>e ( am\r-propre1 :i* mu/ n be disreg>d$4 ,z a subord9ate takes k9dly & is flatt]$ by ! att5tion y give to 8 obs]vations :5 !y are well f\nd$1 s1 on ! o!r h&1 he is dispos$ to d\bt y\r capability if y reject !m )\t exam9ation2 especially if1 a %ort "t aft]w>ds1 facts seem to prove t he might h be5 "r4 ,!re is only "o means ( e/abli%+ discipl9e among a body ( workm52 & t is prov+ to all t y "k m ab\t matt]s ?an !y d1 & t y h duly tak5 acc\nt ( difficulties40 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,paul ,,pursues ,a ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy ,,9 ,,practical ,,ar*itecture4 ,meantime1 lett]s & newspap]s 7 daily br++ ! mo/ di/ress+ intellig5ce4 ,! enemy _h cross$ ! ,fr5* b\nd>y a week ago4 ,build+ 0 a matt] sc>cely to be ?\ght (4 ,m4 de ,g&elau 0 visit$ almo/ incessantly by c\ntry p com+ to imp>t to him _! fe>s & to ask 8 advice4 ,! able-bodi$ y\?s ( ! di/rict 7 summon$ to be incorporat$ 9 ! mobile4 ,! manufactories ( ! neighb\rhood 7 be+ clos$ = want ( h&s4 ,gr\ps ( peasants--m5 & wom5--might be met on ! roads1 :o1 contr>y to ! quiet habits ( ?is prov9ce1 7 speak+ 9 excit$ tones2 "s ( ! wom5 7 cry+4 ,! lab\rs ( ! fields 7 susp5d$2 a pa9ful %udd] seem$ to pass ?r\gh ! c\ntry2 lights 7 se5 9 ! cottages at a late h\r ( ! night2 voices 7 he>d call+ to ea* o!r4 ,! cattle 7 br\ght 9 e>li] ?an usual1 & 7 driv5 afield lat] 9 ! morn+4 ,:5 p met ea* o!r on ! roads !y w\ld /ay long talk+4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( return+ to _! own abodes1 !y w\ld walk rapidly on toge!r 9 ! direction ( ! neighb\r+ t[n4 ,x 0 ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 #ahgj1 :51 go+ into 8 fa!r's room e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ,paul f\nd him /ill m depress$ ?an on ! previ\s days & x 0 n m]ely 8 aggravat$ g\t t caus$ ! depression4 ,eugne 0 !re4--8,"s are too old1 o!rs too "y4 ,if ?is boy 0 f\r or five ye>s old]10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau1 embrac+ 8 son1 8,i w\ld s5d him ) all ^! "y fell[s :o are summon$ to ! s]vice2 b he is too "y1 happily = 8 "m4 ,x w be a long /ruggle1 !y say2 ,god only kn[s :at w become ( our poor c\ntry engag$ 9 an ins5sate w>2 b our duty is cle>--to rema9 "h among all ^! families1 di/ress$ z !y are1 & b]eav$ ( _! *ildr52 to wait1 & try to calm d[n ?is di/ract$ multitude4 ,d n let u surr5d] our self-possession1 or give way to useless disquietude2 let u "w--t is ! rem$y = all evils2 & mis=tune w n f9d u m de/itute ( c\rage aft] days ( lab\r ?an aft] a p]iod ( fev]i% inactivity4 ,i see t ,paul w n be able to return s soon to college4 ,z to y\rself1 ,eugne1 no?+ obliges y j n[ to /ay 9 "o place r ?an ano!r4 ,y\r bus9ess w be susp5d$ 9 e qu>t]2 rema9 "h1 :]e y c make y\rself useful z long z ! c\ntry does n require y\r s]vices4 8,:o kn[s :at may happ56 ,b ev5 if ?is /ate ( ?+s cont9ues1 we w try to build ,m>ie's h\se2 x w give employm5t to ^? :o h be5 ?r[n out ( "w4 ,y w be able to give ,paul practical lessons 9 ! elem5ts ( con/ruction4 ,we %all1 p]haps1 run %ort ( ! "o ?+ ne$ful = build+--money4 ,ah1 well6 t w oblige u to discov] ! means ( do+ )\t x4 ,we h ! raw mat]ial2 we h h&s1 & en\gh to keep !m = "s "t to come4 ,let u1 !n1 n give way to despond5cy & useless recrim9ations2 let u "w2 we %all be only ! bett] prep>$ if 9 "o la/ ef=t we h to call ^u all--old m5 & *ildr5 ) ! re/--to def5d our native soil40 ,madame de ,g&elau unit+ h] entreaties ) ^? ( h] husb&1 x 0 n difficult to p]suade ,eugne to take up 8 qu>t]s at ! *teau4 ,9 fact1 ?ree days subsequ5tly1 aft] hav+ gone away to settle "s affairs1 he 0 on 8 way back ) an ample /ore ( pap] & in/rum5ts requir$ = ! details ( a build+ plan4 ,!y c\ld n set to "w till ! sket* s5t to ,paul's si/] %\ld be return$1 approv$ or am5d$4 ,x 0 decid$ t dur+ ! int]val ,eugne %\ld give ,paul ! fir/ notions ( ! build+ ( a h\se1 t ! morn+ %\ld be ! "t = in/ruction1 & t 9 ! aft]noon our ar*itectural tyro %\ld reproduce ! lesson 9 writ+1 & h 8 "w correct$ at ! family ga!r+s 9 ! ev5+4 ,?us ! days w\ld be well occupi$4 ,,lesson ,,! ,,fir/4 8,if y please1 ,paul1 we w take our lessons walk+1 & = a good reason40 ,?is arrangem5t 0 q satisfactory to ,paul1 :o 0 c]ta9ly n accu/om$ to ?is mode ( tea*+ at ! ,lyceum4 ,! prospect ( a c\rse ( lessons deliv]$1 re-produc$ 9 writ+ by ! pupil1 & correct$ indoors1 _h n seem$ to him at ! fir/ blu% q to h>monize ) ! idea :i* a y\? ( sixte5 =ms ( h\rs consecrat$ to recreation2 & al?\gh aft] 8 fir/ attempts ar*itecture seem$ to him a v noble /udy1 & he 0 pr\d en\gh to ?9k t 8 plan 0 p]haps at ?is mom5t be+ inspect$ by 8 si/] ,m>ie & h] husb&1 yet1 at ! mom5t he 0 direct+ 8 /eps t[>ds 8 c\s9's ap>tm5t1 he _h look$ ) a some:at long+ eye at ! f9e old trees 9 ! p>k1 & ! brilliant gre5 ( ! mead[s betwe5 _! d>k trunks4 ,a sigh ( satisfaction escap$ him z he tripp$ d[n ! /eps4 8,let u proce$ leisurely t[>ds t "p ( ! e/ate :]e we are to build ! h\se10 said 8 c\s91 z soon z !y 7 outside2 8a k ( ! gr\nd is indisp5sable to ! ar*itect's fur!r progress4 ,!re are1 z y "k1 sev]al k9ds ( soils2 "s resi/+1 o!rs s(t & compressible 9 v>i\s degrees4 ,rocks =m ! firme/ f\ndation--"o on :i* we may build ) confid5ce--provid$ !y h n be5 excavat$ or di/urb$4 ,! "n ( virg9 soil is giv5 to t :i* pres5ts itself 9 ! condition 9 :i* geological ph5om5a h plac$ x2 t ( #8made gr\nd' to soil :i* has be5 di/urb$ or deposit$ by man1 or produc$ by vegetation1 or br\ght to ! spot by ! sudd5 viol5ce ( torr5ts4 ,z a g5]al rule1 we %\ld give an exclusive pref]5ce to virg9 soils2 yet ev5 "s ( ^! mu/ be mi/ru/$1 z ,i %all expla9 to y directly4 8,we mu/ !n endeav\r to di/+ui% a virg9 soil f #8made' or di/urb$ gr\nd2 & to d s1 "s acqua9tance ) elem5t>y geology is indisp5sable4 ,?us1 ! cry/alli=m rocks1 granites1 gneiss1 & cry/all9e s*i/s rema9 9 ! condition 9 :i* ! cool+ ( ! globe & ! upheavals ( its cru/ h plac$ !m4 ,! s&/ones1 ! calc>e\s rocks1 ! m>ls1 ! gravels1 ev5 ! clays deposit$ by wat] "u an enorm\s pressure1 are /ratifi$--t is to say1 deposit$ 9 lay]s1 l ! c\rses ( a build+1 & pres5t an excell5t f\ndation4 ,! hill !re on ! "r1 9 ^: direction y\r si/]'s wood ext5ds1 pres5ts1 z y see f ?is po9t1 esc>pm5ts laid b>e by ! wat]s ( ! brook we are go+ to cross2 obs]ve t ! /one1 :i* seems d5ud$1 pres5ts itself 9 almo/ horizontal lay]s4 ,x is an oolitic lime/one1 excell5t = build+1 & on :i* y may confid5tly rely z a f\ndation also4 ,9 ^! /rata1 !re=e1 we may excavate cell>s1 & make use ( :at we h tak5 f ! excavations to raise ! walls4 ,"h we are walk+ on s&y clays1 int]m+l$ ) mill/one grit4 ,?is also =ms a good & incompressible f\ndation4 ,x is o!rwise ) pure clays2 n t !y are compressible1 b1 if !y are n secur$--if1 = in/ance1 !y lie on a declivity--!y are liable to slip 9 consequ5ce ( ! infiltration ( wat] betwe5 _! lay]s1 & ! h\se built on !m goes d[n ) !m4 ,& ?us y may sometimes see :ole villages built on clayey declivities1 desc5d+ into ! valley4 ,great att5tion1 !re=e1 mu/ be paid to ! me?od 9 :i* y build 9 clays1 if y w\ld avoid ^! dang]s4 ,sometimes also1 :5 !y are greatly compress$ by a heavy build+1 ! clays s9k d[n "u ! weight1 & rise proportionally at a little di/ance1 9 see-saw fa%ion4 ,m>9e s&s1 pure1 f9e or gravelly1 are well adapt$ to receive f\ndations1 because ! s& settles naturally1 h[ev] slightly moi/5$ x may be4 ,to su* a degree is ?is ! case1 t we c =m an artificial f\ndation if ne$ful by deposit+ good b$s ( sea-s& on a que/ionable soil1 & moi/5+ ^! b$s ?or\ghly4 ,! f9] ! s& is & ! fre] f clay ! bett]1 = its small1 h>d1 equal gra9s leave only v slight int]vals betwe5 !m & t\* on sev]al po9ts4 ,if ! weight compresses ! lay] ( s&1 & =ces x to settle d[n1 ! settl+ d[n is regul>1 & consequ5tly h>mless4 ,! build+ settles ?us to ! ext5t ( "s fractions ( an in*1 accord+ to its weight2 b x does n dislocate1 because x settles uni=mly4 ,! alluvial deposits =m$ by sl[ly-fl[+ wat]s1 su* z riv]s or lakes1 also compose good f\ndations1 because ! lay]s ( gravel or mud h be5 gradually deposit$1 & are closely heap$ toge!r by ! liquid t transport$ !m4 ,x is q o!rwise ) m>%y soils1 = ! wat]1 hav+ no curr5t1 has all[$ vegetables to gr[ 9 its b$4 ,^! vegetables on dy+ are annually replac$ by o!rs4 ,successive lay]s ( detritus are !n =m$ "u v trifl+ pressure1 leav+ betwe5 !m innum]able cavities1 j l a heap ( rott5 hay4 ,^! deposits are call$ peat-bogs4 ,no?+ c be safely plac$ on ^! deposits1 = !y s9k d[n "u ! lighte/ burd54 ,/op6 "h we are ne> ! /ream1 at a po9t :i* exhibits ?is ph5om5on4 ,/amp on ?is closely-turf$ soil4 ,y p]ceive t ! gr\nd s\nds holl[1 & %akes b5ea? ! %ock4 ,sometimes ^! peat-b$s rea* to su* a dep?1 ?r\gh ! accumulation ( vegetable detritus1 t ! bottom c sc>cely be rea*$4 ,if y build ^u ^!1 y\r con/ruction w gradually s9k1 (t5 unequally1 on acc\nt ( ! incl9ation ( ! sub-soil1 s t ! build+ w lean to "o side4 ,x is ?us t at ,pisa & at ,bologna1 9 ,italy1 !re are t[]s :i* incl9$ ?us :ile !y 7 be+ built1 until ! turf 0 completely compress$ "u _! weight4 ,:5 ^! soils occur1 ! turf mu/ be remov$1 ! rock or gravel mu/ be rea*$1 or piles mu/ be driv5 9 v close to ea* o!r1 until !y c be =c$ no deep]4 ,!n1 on ! heads ( ^! piles is plac$ :at is call$ a raft1 a k9d ( wood5 fram+1 betwe5 ! spaces ( :i* concrete is p\r$1 & on :i* ! fir/ c\rses ( masonry are plac$4 ,:ole cities are built ?us4 ,v5ice & ,am/]dam re/ only ^u =e/s ( piles driv5 9 mud1 :i* is spongy1 because x 0 =m$ "u a %all[ %eet ( wat] :i* _h n p[] to compress x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 8,b x is n en\gh to "k ! nature ( ! soil on :i* a build+ is to be erect$2 we mu/ also exam9e ! subjac5t wat]-c\rses1 & h[ ! ra9-wat] fl[s (f on ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 or b5ea? x4 ,! pres5ce ( a b$ ( clay1 h[ev] ?91 betwe5 /rata ( lime/one1 grit or s&1 is a mo/ important fact to ! build]2 = su* b$s be+ imp]vi\s--t is1 n all[+ ! ra9-wat] to p5etrate !m--give rise to curr5ts or %eets ( wat]1 :i* may occasion mo/ disa/r\s consequ5ces to ! f\ndations4 ,exam9e ?is gre5i% lay] j "h1 along ! esc>pm5t2--x is ( clay2 x is v ?91 & _c reta9 wat]2 b suppose x 7 #bj in*es ?ick4 ,! ra9s1 :i* w easily p5etrate ! gravel plac$ above1 w be arre/$ by ?is lay] ( clay1 & pursue _! c\rse along its plane ( incl9ation1 & !y w gradually =m cavities l small grottoes1 & a conceal$ curr5t4 ,if y build a cell> wall or a f\ndation desc5d+ bel[ t accumulation ( wat]1 x w rea* y\r wall & p5etrate x1 9 spite ( y\r ef=ts1 & w fill y\r cell>s4 ,x w consequ5tly be necess>y at ! outset to div]t ?is accumulation ( wat] by collect+ x 9 a dra9 to keep x away f y\r build+s4 ,give me y\r note-book1 t ,i may %[ cle>ly :at ,i mean by a sket*--7,fig4 #f74 ,let ,a ,b be ! /ratum ( clay1 ,c ,d ! p]vi\s /ratum ( gravel or s&4 ,a %eet ( wat] runn+ f ,e to ,f w be =m$ aft] e %[]4 ,?is %eet w be arre/$ by ! f\ndation or cell> wall ,g ,h1 & w soon p]meate x1 s9ce x _c reasc5d nor p5etrate ! clay4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 provide1 at ,i1 a transv]se dra91 ) op5+s on ! upp] side1 ?r\gh :i* wat] w f9d its way into ! *annel %[n 9 sket* ,k4 ,?is dra9 w take ! wat] ?us collect$ :]ev] y l1 & leave ! wall ,g ,h p]fectly dry4 ,y und]/&1 don't y8 8,b if y h to lay y\r f\ndations entirely 9 clay1 y mu/ adopt mu* m s]i\s precautions3 =1 z ,i told y j n[1 ! :ole b$ ( clay may *ance to slip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 8,banks ( clay are apt to slip1 especially :5 !y pres5t su* a section z ,i h drawn--7,fig #g74 ,let ,a be a b$ ( rock1 ,b a b$ ( clay4 ,ra9-wat] fall+ on ! upp] side f ,d to ,c1 w pass at ,c bel[ ! b$ ( clay2 & if ! ra9 is p]si/5t1 x w =m f ,c to ,e a s(t1 slipp]y1 soapy /ratum1 s t ! clay b$ ,c ,b ,e w slide ov] x by its own weight1 b especially if at ,g y h burd5$ x ) a build+4 8,h[1 !n1 c we gu>d aga9/ ! dang]8 ,fir/1 by collect+ ! wat] at ,c into a sew]1 or a dry /one dra91 s t x may n pass "u ! clay b$1--9 case ! latt] is v ?ick4 ,secondly1 if x is only a few y>ds ?ick1 by gett+ d[n to ! rock or gravel = ! f\ndation wall1 & plac+ a collect+ sew] at ,i1 z above4 ,!n ! triangul> b$ ( clay1 ,c ,i ,k1 w n be able to slide1 be+ kept up by ! firmly-plant$ & load$ wall4 ,! "p ( ! clay ly+ bel[1 n be+ moi/5$ f above1 w n slip4 ,b ?is wall1 ,h1 & its dra91 ,i1 mu/ be ?ick en\gh to resi/ ! pressure ( ! triangle ,c ,i ,k4 8,y p]ceive1 !n1 h[ important x is to und]/& ! soils on :i* y h to build2 & h[ ess5tial x is = an ar*itect to h "s acqua9tance ) geology4 ,rememb] ?is well1 = ! ar*itects ( ! prec$+ g5]ation h %[n a contempt = ^! /udies1 & h reli$ on _! contractors 9 _m in/ances :]e t k 0 requir$4 8,we %all also take into consid]ation muddy l[-ly+ soils1 p]meat$ by wat]1 :i* _c be dug into1 because _! consi/5cy is little bett] ?an t ( compact mud1 & 9 :i* ! deep] y dig ! less resi/ance y meet4 ,:5 ^! soils are n ( a turfy description1 conta9 little vegetable detritus1 & always reta9 ! same quantity ( wat]1 y c build ^u !m1 = wat] is n compressible4 ,y\r build+ is !n a k9d ( boat2 ! only "q is1 h[ to prev5t ! wat] f escap+1 f rec$+ "u ! weight ( ! /ructure z x does "u t ( a boat4 ,:5 y plunge into a ba? half full ( wat]1 ! liquid rises along ! brim proportionately to ! volume ( y\r body4 ,b suppose t a bo>d cut out s z exactly to fit ! outl9e ( y\r body1 prev5ts ! wat] f ris+ ar\nd y1 y w n be able to s9k into ! wat]1 & x w be> y on its surface4 ,well1 !n1 ! problem ( build+ 9 a muddy soil consi/s 9 prev5t+ ! mud f ris+ ar\nd ! h\se 9 proportion to ! pressure4 ,i mu/ once m give y a sket*1 %[+ ! me?od ( secur+ a successful result 9 ?is p>ticul> case4 7,fig4 #h47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 8,let u suppose we h be5 digg+ 9 #8made gr\nd' ,a1 i4e41 gr\nd 9 :i* we _c build ) security4 ,at ,b we rea* ! virg9 soil1 b x is v moi/--mud ( old =mation1 p]meat$ by wat]1 & 9 :i* "o s9ks 9 walk+4 ,! deep] we g into x ! s(t] we f9d x4 ,a b> ?ru/ d[n to ! dep? ( two or ?ree y>ds discov]s no bottom1 & ! holes made 9 x are imm$iately fill$ ) wat]4 ,piles driv5 9 s9k up to ! head4 ,n[1 !re c be no d\bt t = an ord9>y build+ x w n d to sp5d 9 f\ndations d\ble :at ! build+ itself w\ld co/4 ,we mu/ consid]1 !re=e4 ,9 ?is case we %all dig a tr5* ( ab\t #a foot #f in*es to #b feet deep1 to receive ! walls =m+ ! p]imet] ( ! h\se1 z drawn at ,e2 !n1 9 ^! tr5*es1 & ov] ! :ole area ( ! build+1 we %all p\r concrete1 hav+ a ?ickness ( #b feet to #b feet #f in*es1 betwe5 ! tr5*es1 z at ,f4 ,we %all ?us h =m$ a cov] ( homog5e\s mat]ial1 :i* w prev5t ! mud1 ,g ,h1 compris$ )9 its edges1 f ris+4 ,! weight ( ! made gr\nd ,a w suffice to keep d[n ! re/4 ,on a plateau ( ?is k9d y w be able to build securely4 8,y w1 p]haps1 ask me :at #8concrete' is1 & h[ x is made4 ,y w le>n ?is lat] on40 ,talk+ & mak+ sket*es1 ,paul & 8 c\s9 _h rea*$ ! slope ( ! hill on :i* ! h\se 0 to be built4 8,! situation is good10 said ,eugne4 8,we h an excell5t calc>e\s soil1 f :i* we %all ev5 be able to get /one or rubble fit = build+4 ,"h1 on ! l[] slopes1 we h fairly clean s&y clay1 ) :i* we %all make brick4 ,& !re is ! spr+ ( fre% wat] com+ f ! wood1 & pass+ out bel[ ! l[e/ ( ! lime/one b$s2 we %all easily secure x1 & lead x along ! h\se1 :]e x w be d\bly useful1 = x w give u wat] = ! requirem5ts ( ! h\sehold1 & c>ry (f 9 a dra9 all ! h\se sewage & impurities1 :i* we w dis*>ge into t old excavation :i* ,i see on our left4 8,h[ev]1 we mu/ exam9e be=e we proce$1 = x seems to me t ^! b$s h already be5 work$ at "s po9ts4 ,we %\ld be v likely to meet ) "s ( ^? c>elessly-conduct$ qu>ry+s :i* are too common 9 ?is neighb\rhood40 8,h[10 ask$ ,paul1 8c good build+-/one be di/+ui%$ f t ( inf]ior quality80 8,x is n always easy to di/+ui% x1 & 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r bran*es ( k1 exp]i5ce mu/ confirm !ory4 ,among calc>e\s /ones1 :i* comprise1 ) c]ta9 s&/ones1 ! mat]ials t c be easily qu>ri$ & work$1 "s are h>d1 o!rs s(t2 b ! h>de/ are n always ^? :i* be/ resi/ ! effects ( "t4 ,_m lime/ones conta9 clay1 & z ?is reta9s wat]1 :5 fro/s sup]v5e1 ^! clayey p>ts swell1 & bur/ blocks ^: sub/ance is compos$ ( c>bonate ( lime1 & also ( silica1 9 l>g] or small] quantity4 ,lime/ones free f clay are ^? :i* be/ resi/ moi/ure1 & are lea/ liable to be damag$ by fro/4 ,:51 z "h1 we h b$s laid b>e by erosion1 x is easy to di/+ui% ! good f ! defective ones4 ,?us1 obs]ve t l>ge d>k-look+ mass1 ^: smoo? b>e edge has be5 cov]$ ) li*5s = c5turies2 x is ( an excell5t quality1 = li*5s spread ov] a rock v sl[ly2 & to enable !m to atta* !mselves to ?is /one & give x t grey speckl$ appe>ance1 ! lime/one mu/ h resi/$ ! decompos+ action ( ! atmosph]e4 ,n[1 look at t b$ ( ne>ly pure :ite1 & :i* seems s s\nd4 ,well2 x has ?is fair appe>ance only because at e fro/ x has lo/ its sk92 its surface has be5 decompos$4 ,t\* ?is rock1 & y w obs]ve a :ite du/ rema9+ on y\r h&s4 ,x is s1 is x n8 ,! quality ( ?is block is consequ5tly bad2 9 fact1 y see t bel[ x ! grass is cov]$ ) small calc>e\s exfoliations1 :]eas ! turf "u ! grey block is q free f du/4 ,x is !n v desirable = an ar*itect1 :5 he int5ds to build1 to g & see ! qu>ries1 & obs]ve h[ ! b$s t compose !m /& :5 expos$ to ! air1 a ?+--,i may tell y--our bre?r5 r>ely d40 ,,lesson ,,! ,,second4 ,paul 0 greatly pleas$ ) ! me?od adopt$ by 8 c\s9 = giv+ him ! fir/ notions ( build+4 ,9 ! ev5+ he pres5t$ z 8 day's "w a fair transcription ( all t 8 tea*] _h expla9$ to him on ! gr\nd4 ,he ev5 illu/rat$ 8 text by "s pretty good diagrams4 ,! corrections 7 quickly made aft] d9n]4 ,b next day ! incessant ra9 prev5t$ !m f go+ out1 & ,eugne decid$ t ! second lecture %\ld be giv5 9 ! h\se4 8,we %all h illu/rations en\gh be=e u2 ! *teau itself w supply !m4 ,we w g ?r\gh x f cell> to attic1 & /udy its mat]ials & me?ods ( con/ruction--to criticize !m if !y are bad1 or to take note ( !m if !y are good40 ,:5 tea*] & pupil _h gone d[n into ! cell>s1 ,eugne began by say+1 8,look h[ damp ?is cell> wall on ! side ( ! c\rty>d is2 & see h[ ! mort> 9 ! jo9ts ( ! /ones has fall51 ow+ to two causes3--fir/1 9 build+ ^! walls1 ! precaution 0 n tak5 ( cem5t+ !m on ! outside1 s z to make ! wat] 9 ! gr\nd run d[n to ! bottom2 second1 ! mort> employ$ 9 ! build+ 0 n made ) hydraulic lime4 ,!re are two pr9cipal k9ds ( lime3 fat or ri* lime & hydraulic lime4 ,! fir/ is obta9$ by burn+ ! compact lime/ones usually f\nd at ! top ( ! b$s2 x is call$ fat because :5 slak$ x is glut9\s & /icks to ! tool ) :i* x is mix$2 ?is lime1 on be+ imm]s$ 9 wat]1 swells & s5ds =? a d5se vap\r1 z y may h obs]v$1 & mix$ ) s& is sl[ 9 sett+4 ,employ$ above gr\nd1 mort>s made ) ?is lime become at l5g? v h>d1 b reta9 m or less = a "t a c]ta9 pla/icity4 ,^! mort>s1 h[ev]1 z !y are sl[ 9 sett+1 are readily s(t5$ by wat]1 & _c !n ev] h>d54 ,hydraulic limes1 on ! o!r h& 7obta9$ by burn+ ! lias lime/ones71 :5 mix$ ) s&1 soon become v h>d1 & set all ! bett] = be+ 9 a damp place4 ,h5ce ?is lime is call$ hydraulic1 because x is employ$ = all masonry-"w "u wat]4 ,9 default ( lias lime/ones1 artificial hydraulic limes are made1 by gr9d+ a c]ta9 proportion ( clay ) a lime/one suitable = mak+ ord9>y lime4 ,hydraulic lime is te/$ by slack+--t is to say1 mix+ x ) wat]2 :5 x slakes ) ! production ( v little vap\r4 8,x is ) hydraulic lime t concretes1 ( :i* ,i spoke to y ye/]day1 are made4 ,! mort> be+ prep>$1 a c]ta9 proportion ( h>d gravel1 ab\t ! size ( eggs1 is m+l$ ) x2 ! :ole is well mix$ & ?r[n into ! excavations1 :]e x is ramm$ ) wood5 ramm]s4 ,if ! lime is good & ! concrete well made1 x =ms a v]itable rock1 simil> to ! conglom]ates or pudd+-/one ( natural =mation4 ,z1 :5 set1 wat] p5etrates ) difficulty ?r\gh ^! concretes1 !y prev5t t p]colation ( subjac5t wat] to :i* cell>s made 9 wet gr\nds are liable4 8,if ! wall y see !re _h be5 built ) mort> made ) hydraulic lime1 x w\ld h be5 s\nd1 & ! mort> jo9ts w\ld h be5 z h>d z ! /one itself4 ,y w easily und]/& t :5 ! wat] has gradually s(t5$ & liquefi$ ! mort> 9 ! b$s & jo9ts at ! base ( a wall1 ! /ones :i* compose x settle1 & all ! re/ ( ! build+ suff]s4 ,t is :y ! front ( ! h\se1 t[>ds ! c\rt1 pres5ts a consid]able numb] ( cracks1 t are fill$ 9 f "t to "t1 b ( c\rse ) no result 9 do+ away ) ! cause ( ! mis*ief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 8,y obs]ve t ! cell> wall :i* receives ! ar* ( ! vault is v ?ick1 mu* ?ick] ?an is ! wall ( ! gr\nd floor4 ,! latt] is sc>cely #b feet ?ick1 :]eas ?is is full #c feet4 ,?is additional ?ickness is giv5 to ! inside pr9cipally to receive ! spr++ ( ! vault4 ,a sket* w enable y to und]/& ! reason ( ?is arrangem5t4 ,let ,a 7,fig4 #i7 be ! ?ickness ( ! wall ( a h\se on ! gr\nd floor--a ?ickness ( #a foot #h in*es if cell>s are want$ b5ea? ! gr\nd floor2 ! floor l9e be+ at ,b & ! outside gr\nd l9e at ,c1 x w be well fir/ to indicate ! floor l9e by a projection1--a great] ?ickness giv5 to ?is wall on ! outside1 say ( #b in*es4 ,at ,a1 !n1 ! wall w h a ?ickness ( #a foot #aj in*es4 ,y\r cell> ar* be+ drawn at ,d1 we mu/ res]ve a re/+-place ( at lea/ #h in*es1 to receive ! fir/ ar*-/ones ( ! spr+ ( ! vault2 !n x is well to give on ! side next ! gr\nd a great] projection1 to make a good foot+ = ! pl9?2 ?is projection be+ #b in*es1 we %all h at ,f a ?ickness ( #b feet & at ,g #b feet #h in*es at lea/1 z x w n d = ! wall :i* rises to be> on ! oblique b$s ( ! vault1 o!rwise x w\ld n h a solid foot+1 & w\ld be weak5$ or r$uc$ 9 ?ickness by ?is ar*1 :i* w\ld p5etrate x1 z we see 9 ! draw+ ,i4 ,b come "h into ?is o!r cell>1 :i* belongs to ! olde/ "p ( ! *teau1 & is built ) good /ones4 ,! build] did n wi% to lose space )91 & z he built ) work$ /one he s\ght to economise mat]ial4 ,:at1 !n1 did he d8 7,fig4 #aj47 ,he gave 8 cell> wall only ! ?ickness ( t ( ! gr\nd floor2 at regul> di/ances he put massive corbels #b feet above ! floor2 ^u ^! corbels he c>ri$ ar*es project+ #aj in*es1 & on ^! ar*es1 :i* replace ! extra ?ickness or c\nt]-wall ( :i* ,i spoke to y j n[1 he c>ri$ 8 vault+ ar*4 ,?is p]spective sket* w enable u readily to und]/& ?is me?od ( con/ruction4 ,! upp] wall ?us leaves ! vault p]fectly free & rises plumb ov] its l[] face4 8,is x all cle> to y8 ,well1 let u g & look at t little flight ( /eps :i* p]haps y h nev] att5tively exam9$4 ,x is #d feet #c in*es wide1 :i* 0 l>ge en\gh to af=d a passage to ! queues ( w9e4 ,obs]ve 7,fig4 #aa73 ! ramp+ vault is compos$ ( z _m ar*es1 "o above ano!r1 z !re are /eps2 t is extremely well manag$1 solid & easily built4 ,9 fact1 :5 ! /one /eps are laid1 ov] above !m is successively fix$ ! same wood c5tre :i*1 ( c\rse1 is rais$ at ea* /ep2 & ^u ?is c5tre an ar* is built1 :i* is quickly done1 z ! /ones are work$ ready4 ,9 ?is way ! ar*es foll[ ! section ( ! /eps1 & ! c5tre be+ %ift$--aft] ea* ar* is key$--to ! next /ep comm5c+ f ! bottom1 two m5 c turn five or six ( ^! ar*es 9 "o day1 s t if !re are twelve /eps1 ?is ramp+ vault may be built 9 two days4 ,look1 ,i w %[ y h[ ?is con/ruction %\ld be d5ot$ 9 p]spective & geometrical section 9 y\r rsum to-day--,a & ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 8,let u g up to ! gr\nd floor4 ,look at ! effloresc5ce resembl+ cotton wool on ! int]ior ( ! walls3 x is ! saltpetre :i* =ms inside ! /one1 &1 ?r\gh ! humidity ( ! gr\nd1 cry/allizes on ! surface4 ,?is saltpetre affects ! /one injuri\sly1 ultimately eats x away1 & ?r[s (f any pa9t+ t we might endeav\r to use z a c\nt]active on ! int]ior surface4 ,ma/ic cem5ts are made to /op ! effects ( ! saltpetre1 b ^! means only delay its appe>ance = a %ort "t )\t cur+ ! evil1 & ?is cem5t soon falls (f 9 a cru/4 ,x is !re=e necess>y 9 build+1 especially 9 ! c\ntry1 to prev5t ! damp ( ! gr\nd f ris+ up 9 ! walls1 & to /op x at ! gr\nd level4 ,! int]position ( a lay] ( pit* b5ea? ! pl9? has sometimes be5 tri$1 9 ord] to prev5t ! absorption ( damp by ! /ones--or :at is call$ capill>y attraction--b ?is me?od is v ineffici5t4 ,! pit* oozes out "u ! pressure1 z x does n h>d5 suffici5tly to be> t pressure1 or x decomposes & comb9es ) ! lime4 ,! be/ plan is to lay a c\rse ( slates 9 ! mort>-b$ betwe5 ! fir/ l[] c\rses ( ! pl9?4 ,! slate effectually h9d]s t effect ( capill>y attraction1 & ! damp is unable to rise 9 ! walls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 8,n[ obs]ve ?is front wall 9 ! c\rt3 x =ms a protub]ance at ! floor level ( ! fir/ /ory4 ,we call t a bulg+ ( ! wall4 ,in/ead ( pres]v+ its v]tical plane1 z x %\ld h done1 x has bulg$ out2 & :y8 ,because x has be5 ?ru/ out by a =ce act+ f )9 outw>ds4 ,:at is t =ce8 ,x might be an ar*2 b !re is no ar*+ on ! gr\nd floor4 ,x c !re=e be only ! floor4 ,x is n cle> at fir/ sight h[ a floor1 :i* is a horizontal plane1 c ?ru/2 = to ?ru/1 we mu/ suppose ! floor to exp& 9 "o direction1 :i* _c be4 ,b see :at happ5s4 ,give me y\r be/ att5tion4444 ,=m]ly1 to compose a floor1 l>ge beams 7 laid f wall to wall1 & ^u ^! beams light] pieces ( timb]1 call$ joi/s2 !n on ^! 0 laid a b$ ( e>?1 gravel1 or s&1 & ^u t a surface ( mort> to receive ! til+4 ,?is made a v heavy mass4 ,n[1 z a piece ( timb]1 ev5 ( consid]able section1 b5ds 9 "t "u its own weight--t is to say1 f be+ /raight becomes curv$--its t5d5cy to b5d w be proportionally great] :5 x is weight$4 ,! m x b5ds1 ! m p[]ful its ?ru/ ^u ! inn] surface ( ! walls 9 :i* x has its be>+4 ,x is ?is pressure ^u ! int]ior surface t t5ds to ?ru/ ! wall outw>ds4 ,b if1 z 9 ?is case1 9 ord] to relieve ! be>+ ( ! beams1 /ruts ( wood h be5 put und]nea? 7,fig4 #ab71 ?is effect ( ?ru/ is all ! m s5sible because ! arm ( ! lev] is long]4 ,y d n q und]/&1 ,i see4 ,a sket* w make x cle> to y4 ,let ,a be ! section ( ! wall1 or1 if y w1 its ?ickness4 ,if ! beam b5ds accord+ to ! l9e ,c ,d1 !re occurs a pressure at ,d1 :i* produces a ?ru/ at ,f & ! r\nd+ ( ! wall1 z indicat$ by ! dott$ curves4 ,suppos+ ev5 t 9 lieu ( ! /rut ,e we h a /one corbel1 ! effect produc$ w be ! same1 ?\gh less =cible1 unless ! tail ( ! corbel rea*es ?r\gh ! wall1 z y see m>k$ at ,i1 & ?is tail ,k is weight$ 9 su* a mann] t ! weight neutralizes ! pressure :i* ! beam ex]ts at ! end ,l4 ,?is has n be5 done "h1 :]e in/ead ( ! wood /rut1 a corbel 0 put4 ,?is corbel has b a middl+ hold 9 ! wall1 & ! latt]1 =m$ ( small /ones n v well built1 has n suffici5t cohesion to resi/ ! ?ru/ ex]t$ by ! deflection ( ! beams4 ,b :y1 y w ask me1 has ?is effect be5 produc$ at ! floor level ( ! fir/ /ory & n above8 ,because1 by ! effect ( ! bulg+ we f9d "h1 ! wall has incl9$ above t[>ds ! inside1 & has !reby squeez$ ! second floor--its surfaces be+ plac$1 by _! v incl9ation1 p]p5dicul>ly to ! curve l9e ( ! upp] beams1 z ,i indicate to y at ,m1 exagg]at+ ! effect = ! purpose ( mak+ x cle>]4 8,y see t ea* detail m]its att5tion1 & t ! build] ought to h a good reason = ev]y?+ he does4 8,9 "w ( e k9d we le>n to avoid faults only by analys+ & se>*+ into _! causes & asc]ta9+ _! effects4 ,to become a good build]1 !re=e1 x is n en\gh to famili>ize "o's self ) rules ( con/ruction1 :i* _c provide = all cont+5cies2 we mu/ see & obs]ve mu*1 & asc]ta9 defective po9ts 9 build+s t h be5 te/$ by "t2 j z physicians become able to det]m9e :at a good con/itution is only by /udy+ diseases & _! causes4 ,= ! mo/ "p we appreciate :at is good only ?r\gh obs]v+ :at is bad2 if1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! bad1 we are able to admit t !re is su* a ?+ z ! good4 ,an old pr(ici5t 9 ar*itecture1 :o1 :5 ,i 0 ab\t y\r age1 0 s k9d z to aid me ) 8 advice1 us$ (t5 to say to me3 #8,i c tell y1 my de> fell[1 :at y mu/ avoid 9 ! art ( build+2--z to expla9+ to y 9 :at ! good & ! beautiful consi/1 y mu/ f9d out t y\rself4 ,if y are a born ar*itect1 y w "k well en\gh h[ to discov] x2 if n1 all t ,i c\ld %[ y1 all ! examples ,i c\ld place be=e y1 w\ld n give y tal5t4' ,& he 0 "r4 ,! sight ( ! f9e/ works 9 ar*itecture may p]v]t ! m9ds ( /ud5ts1 if x's n be5 expla9$ to !m h[ ! au?ors ( ^! works succe$$ 9 mak+ !m beautiful by hav+ avoid$ su* or su* faults4 8,b y h en\gh to write out = to-day4 ,make a fair copy ( ^! sket*es opposite y\r text1 & we w exam9e x ?is ev5+40 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,h[ ,,paul ,,is ,,l$ ,,to ,,recognize ,,c]ta9 ,,di/9ctions ,,betwe5 ,,e?ics ,,& ,,ar*itecture4 ,:51 9 ! ev5+1 ,paul's report ( ! lesson 0 read 9 ! family circle1 ,m4 de ,g&elau int]rupt$ ! read+ at ?is phrase incorrectly giv51 8,good is only ! abs5ce ( evil40 8,oh1 oh60 said 8 fa!r2 8,*>ity is some?+ m ?an ! abs5ce ( evil4 ,if y give no?+ to ! poor man :o asks bread ( y2 if1 be+ able to swim1 y d n try to save a dr[n+ man1 y d n d evil1 b c]ta9ly y d n d good40 8,t is n exactly :at ,i said to ,paul10 repli$ ,eugne1 smil+4 8,respect+ defects discov]$ 9 build+1 ,i said1 #8,i believe t ! good is ! abs5ce ( ! bad2' t is to say1 9 build+ op]ations1 & p]haps 9 _m o!r matt]s belong+ to ! purely mat]ial ord] ( ?+s1 to avoid :at is bad is to d well1 b n to d good4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 admit t ,i did n suffici5tly develop my ?\ght4 8,two ?+s are ne$$ to make a good build]3 cle>-sight$ intellig5ce--:i* dep5ds on our individual psy*ical nature--& ! exp]i5ce we acquire4 8,obs]vation & exp]i5ce !nce result+ enable u to recognize :at is defective & to avoid x2 b if1 not)/&+ ! advantage !nce d]iv$1 we are n end[$ by nature ) cle>-sight$ intellig5ce1 exp]i5ce1 ?\gh enabl+ u to avoid ! bad1 does n ( itself suffice = ! discov]y ( ! good4 8,moreov]1 ?\gh 9 morals ! good is absolute & indep5d5t ( circum/ances1 x is n ! same ) build+4 ,:at is good "h is bad else:]e1 on acc\nt ( climate1 habits1 nature ( mat]ials1 & ! way 9 :i* !y are affect$ by local circum/ances4 ,:ile1 = in/ance1 x is desirable to cov] a ro( ) slates 9 a temp]ate & humid climate1 ?is k9d ( ro(+ is objectionable 9 a w>m1 dry1 & w9dy climate4 ,wood5 build+s w be excell5t 9 "o situation & unsuitable 9 o!rs4 ,:ile x is desirable to admit ! light by wide op5+s & to glaze l>ge surfaces 9 nor!rn climates1 because ! sun's gl>e is subdu$1 ?is w\ld be objectionable 9 s\!rn c\ntries1 :]e ! light is int5se1 & :]e x is necess>y to procure %elt] f ! heat4 ,a code ( morals is possible1 b we _c e/abli% absolute rules 9 build+2 exp]i5ce1 reason+1 & reflection mu/ !re=e always be summon$ to our aid :5 we attempt to build4 ,v (t5 "y ar*itects h ask$ me :at treatise on build+ ,i %\ld recomm5d z ! be/4 ,!re is none1 ,i tell !m2 because a treatise _c anticipate all cont+5cies1--all ! special circum/ances t pres5t !mselves 9 ! exp]i5ce ( an ar*itect4 ,a treatise lays d[n rules2 b n9ety-n9e times out ( a hundr$ y h to enc\nt] ! exception & _c rely ^u ! rule4 ,a treatise on build+ is useful 9 habituat+ ! m9d to devise plans & h !m put into execution accord+ to c]ta9 me?ods2 x gives y ! means ( solv+ ! problems propos$2 b x does n actually solve !m1 or at lea/ only solves "o 9 a ?\s&4 ,x is !n = intellig5ce to supply 9 ! ?\s& cases pres5t$ :at ! rule _c provide =40 ,,lesson ,,! ,,?ird4 8,ye/]day10 said ,eugne to ,paul1 :5 ! latt] came into 8 room1 8we visit$ ! cell>s & ! gr\nd floor2 n[ we %all take a walk among ! g>rets ( ! *teau4 ,b fir/ ,i mu/ %[ y :at is meant by a ro( truss4 ,! simple/ truss 7,fig4 #ac7 is compos$ ( f\r pieces ( wood3 two pr9cipal raft]s1 a tie-beam1 & a k+-po/4 ,! two incl9$ pieces ,a are ! blades2 ! horizontal piece ,b is ! tie-beam1 & ! v]tical piece ,c ! k+-po/4 ,! upp] ends ( ! blades meet 9 ! k+-po/1 z ,i %[ y 9 ! detail ,d1--namely1 by ! means ( two t5ons ,e1 :i* fit into two mortises ,f1 & a %\ld] ,g1 :i* make ! :ole pressure ( ! timb] be> into ! not* ,i4 ,! l[] ends ( ! blades are simil>ly connect$ at ! two extremities ( ! tie-beam1 z ?is o!r detail ,h %[s u4 ,! k+-po/ is also connect$ by a t5on1 9 ! c5tre ( ! tie-beam1 b loosely1 & )\t be>+ ^u ?is tie-beam4 ,:5 ! t5ons are let into ! mortises1 pegs ( wood are driv5 into ! holes m>k$ to fa/5 ! :ole well4 ,! m pressure !re is on ! top1 ,m1 ! m ! two blades t5d to spread at ! foot2 b ^!1 be+ fix$ at ! two ends ( ! tie-beam1 tight5 ! latt] l ! /r+ ( a b[4 ,! m ?is tie-beam is /ra9$1 !re=e1 ! less x is incl9$ to b5d1 & ! object ( ! k+-po/ is only to susp5d x by its c5tre1 & to connect ! heads ( ! blades4 ,b betwe5 ,m & ,n ^! raft]s may b5d "u ! weight ( ! ro( cov]+2 two /ruts1 ,o ,p1 !re=e are add$1 :i* arre/ ?is b5d+ by br++ ! pressure to be> on ! k+-po/1 s t ! latt] is 9 its turn /ra9$ betwe5 ,m & ,p4 ,z wood w n /ret*1 ! po9t ,p is fix$1 & ! two po9ts ,o likewise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 8,n[ t y "k :at is ! simple/ ro(-truss1 let u g up into ! ro(s40 ,^! ro(s 7 old1 & _h be5 repair$ & /r5g!n$ _m times1 & =m$ a complication ( timb]s difficult en\gh to und]/&4 8,=m]ly10 said ,eugne1 8t is1 m ?an a c5tury ago1 !y us$ to make ro(s su* z y see "h3 e raft] 0 fram$1 t is1 ea* ( ! raft]s compos$ a truss1 except ! tie-beam1 :i* 0 introduc$ only at int]vals4 ,!n wood 0 9 pl5ty1 & !y sc>cely ?\ght ( economis+ x4 ,at pres5t x is less abundant1 & !re is a difficulty 9 procur+ a consid]able numb] ( pieces ( l>ge dim5sions4 ,! noble =e/s t cov]$ ! soil ( ,france h be5 fooli%ly wa/$1 & long timb]s ( he>t ( oak are r>e4 ,x has !re=e be5 necess>y to economise !m4 ,! exp$i5t has be5 adopt$ ( plac+ /rong trusses at a di/ance ( ab\t #ab feet f ea* o!r4 ,on ^! trusses h be5 plac$ purl9s1 :i* are ! horizontal pieces y see on ?is side2 & on ^! purl9s long] or %ort] raft]s h be5 plac$ to receive ! la?+ = ! tiles1 or ! batt5s = ! slates4 ,b all timb] ro(+ %\ld be fix$ ^u sleep]s1 :i* are ^? horizontal pieces re/+ on ! top ( ! walls1 :i* b9d & isolate ! tie-beams f ! masonry2 = x is to be obs]v$ t timb] is pres]v$ = an indef9ite "t 9 ! free dry air1 b soon decays 9 contact ) a moi/ body1 su* z /one is4 ,look "h at ?is piece ( wood1 almo/ buri$ 9 ! masonry2 x is ne>ly r$uc$ to t\*wood1 :ile ! blade above1 :i* is 9 ! free dry air1 is z free f rot z if x 7 new4 8,=m]ly upp] floors 7 made by putt+ joi/s re/+ on beams & ! walls4 ,^! joi/s & beams rema9$ visible1 z y may see /ill 9 ! kit*5 & ! l>ge hall on ! gr\nd floor1 :i* s]ves z a /ore-room4 ,! air !re=e c\ld circulate r\nd ^! timb]s1 & !y might la/ = c5turies4 ,b x 0 consid]$ t ?us expos$ !y 7 n pleasant to look at--t !y 7 n clean1 & all[$ spid]s to sp9 _! webs 9 ! int]spaces4 ,la?s 7 !re=e nail$ "u ^! joi/s1 & ?is la?work pla/]$ s z to =m :at we call a ceil+4 ,timb]s ?us inclos$ & depriv$ ( air1 #8heat$' 7z c>p5t]s call x71 t is1 !y f]m5t$ & soon began to decay4 ,9 fact1 floor+s ) expos$ joi/s :i* _h resi/$ ! action ( "t = c5turies decay$ & broke d[n 9 a %ort "t aft] be+ inclos$4 ,i may add t =m]ly1 be=e us+ timb] 9 build+1 !y took ! precaution ( leav+ x expos$ = "s ye>s to ! action ( ! sun & ra94 ,!y ev5 kept x = "s "t 9 wat]1 to free x f ! sap 7= sap is ! f]m5t :i* makes wood rot74 ,:5 ! timb]1 aft] hav+ be5 b>k$ & r\ghly squ>$1 _h rema9$ 9 ! op5 air = five or six ye>s1 x 0 us$4 ,b n[-a-days we are 9 a hurry1 & make use ( timb] t has n be5 cut m ?an a ye>4 ,x is n dry1 x reta9s its sap1 & if x is !n enclos$ x f]m5ts rapidly1 s t 9 a few ye>s ! l>ge/ beams are completely rott54 ,prud5t ar*itects !re=e hesitate to use wood = floors4 ,yet its use--ev5 if only p>tially dri$--w\ld n entail s]i\s inconv5i5ce if x 0 n cov]$ ) pla/]4 ,! wor/ t c\ld happ5 w\ld be ! occurr5ce ( cracks & %r9k+s4 ,x w\ld dry :5 9 use1 z x w\ld h dri$ 9 ! op5 air4 8,!re is no great disadvantage1 !n1 9 employ+ wood newly cut = ro(-timb]s1 :i* are g5]ally left expos$4 ,!y dry :]e !y are4 ,!y w>p1 b d n p]i% ( dry-rot4 8,z we %all n be able to f9d wood absolutely dry = y\r si/]'s h\se1 we %all leave ! floor-joi/s visible1 & endeav\r by simple & economical means to r5d] !m n unsightly4 8,b y ought to be well acqua9t$ ) ! qualities ( timb]4 ,i w n tell y t nature has caus$ ^! l>ge vegetable gr[?s :i* we employ to gr[ = our pleasure or use4 ,nature is1 ,i ?9k1 v little conc]n$ z to :e!r ! oak or ! fir w\ld s]ve any ( our purposes2 & if human intellig5ce has be5 able to take advantage ( ^! mat]ials t spr+ up be=e u1 x is aft] hav+ recogniz$ & v]ifi$ _! prop]ties by exp]i5ce4 ,un=tunately1 x w\ld seem z if ! results ( ?is exp]i5ce did n t5d to increase2 & judg+ f ! way 9 :i* build+-timb] is mo/ frequ5tly employ$1 we might be l$ to suppose t we are less in=m$ ?an 7 our pr$ecessors1 or t we h lo/ t habit ( obs]vation ) :i* !y 7 famili>4 8,wood1 be+ compos$ ( fibres m or less lax or compact1 possesses a consid]able p[] ( resi/ance to a pressure ex]t$ along ^! fibres1 b is easily b5t or cru%$ "u a pressure ex]t$ across ^! same fibres4 ,?us a log ( wood #d in*es 9 diamet] & a y>d or s long1 plac$ on end1 w support1 )\t be+ cru%$ or contort$1 a pressure ( #dj1jjj lbs42 :]eas ?is weight w break or cru% x if plac$ horizontally1 z y w\ld cru% a re$ "u y\r foot4 ,take a ?or\ghly s\nd bit ( /raw1 #d in*es long1 & place y\r f+] on "o end ( x1 hold+ ! /raw v]tically on a table2 y w h to press pretty /rongly on x to b5d x1 :ile ! lea/ pressure on ! same /raw plac$ horizontally w flatt5 x4 ,! /raw is a tube4 ,a tree consi/s ( a s]ies ( tubes1 "s envelop+ o!rs4 ,! m num]\s1 close & f9e ^! tubes are1 ! m does ! trunk resi/ pressure1 ei!r 9 ! direction ( its l5g? or its ?ickness4 ,b ?is %[s u t to enable ! wood to reta9 its p[] ( resi/ance we mu/ employ x z nature gives x to u2 & 9 fact ?is 0 done =m]ly4 ,ea* piece ( timb] 0 cut f a tree ( l>g] or small] size1 z ! case requir$1 b !y did n split ! tree l5g?wise to get sev]al pieces ( timb]2 = ! he>t be+ h>d] & m compact ?an ! sap-wood 7:i* is ! spongy envelope b5ea? ! b>k71 & ! conc5tric lay]s ( wood be+ ! clos] & t\gh] 9 proportion to _! ne>ness to ! b>k1 if y split a tree 9 two l5g?wise "o ( its faces is mu* m resi/+ ?an ! o!r1 ! equilibrium is di/urb$1 & flexure is easily produc$ "u a weight4 ,! out] lay]s1 be+ ! m rec5t1 are m spongy & lax 9 texture ?an ! old] lay]s t are ne> ! he>t2 consequ5tly ! process ( dry+ makes ^! out] lay]s %r9k m ?an ! inn]3 h5ce curvature4 ,let ,a 7,fig4 #ad7 be a split piece ( wood2 ! lay]s ,b are h>d] & m compact ?an ^? m>k$ ,c1 :i* conta9 m moi/ure & ^: fibres are s(t]4 ,9 dry+1 !re=e1 ?is piece ( wood w pres5t a holl[ b5d on ! out] side1 z ,i %[ at ,d4 ,if ! wood is left entire1 z at ,e1 ! effects ( dry+ w neutralize ea* o!r1 & ! piece w rema9 /raight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 8,look at ?is old ro(1 ^: raft]s are fram$ 7,fig4 #ae73 ! wall plates1 ,a1 are cut f small trunks1 ! he>t be+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,x is ! same ) ! raft]s ,b1 ! tie-beams ,c1 ! coll>s ,d1 ! k+-po/s ,e1 ! foot-pieces ,f1 & ! foot-po/s ,g2 all ^! pieces1 !re=e1 h pres]v$ _! rigidity1 & none ( !m has be5 b5t1 because !y 7 us$ dry & 7 unsplit trunks4 ,obs]ve1 on ! contr>y1 ?is purl91 ,h1 plac$ on ?is truss1 ,i1 ( rec5t date2 x is b5t n s mu* on acc\nt ( ! weight ( ! raft]s x supports z because x is split & ! c>p5t] has unadvis$ly turn$ ! he>t on ! inside4 ,if he _h done ! contr>y1--if ! he>t _h be5 plac$ next to ! raft]s1--?is purl9 w\ld probably n h b5t1 p]haps h ev5 become m rigid--t is to say1 x w\ld be convex on ! out] side4 ,c>p5t]s1 h[ev]1 are b m51 & !y d n c>e to give !mselves tr\ble :5 !y ?9k !y c avoid x4 ,! man t put ?is purl9 "h f\nd x m conv5i5t to place x on its sawn side ?an to turn x ! o!r way ) ! flat "u ! raft]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 8,consid]+ ?is quality ( wood1 & ( oak especially 7^: int]nal fibres are h>d] & clos] ?an ! out] lay]s71 :5 we h to place a piece ( wood horizontally on two po9ts ( support or po/s1 & wi% to give x all ! /r5g? possible to be> a weight act+ on its c5tre1 we saw x 9 two l5g?wise1 & turn+ ! flat faces outside1 bolt ^! two pieces toge!r1 z %[n "h 7,fig4 #af74 ,!n z ! he>t-wood is outside1 & ! two pieces t5d to become b5t1 =m+ two convex surfaces1 z y see at ,a 7,fig4 #ag71 if !y are firmly held by bolts furni%$ ) good heads & nuts1 !y mu/ rema9 /raight2 ! t5d5cy to curvature 9 ! "o neutraliz+ t 9 ! o!r1 ^! two oppos+ =ces t5d to make ! piece m rigid1 s t1 if y take a piece ( timb] t is slightly b5t naturally & !n place ^! two pieces ) _! holl[ d[nw>ds1--t is1 aft] hav+ plac$ "o ^u ! o!r1 putt+ ! tail ( "o aga9/ ! head ( ! o!r1--y w h giv5 ?is piece ( wood all ! resi/+ p[] ( :i* x is capable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 8,x is 9 ?is way t clips & all c\pl$ pieces %\ld be plac$4 ,"h1 = example 7,fig4 #ah71 y see a pair ( clips :]e ! sawn faces h be5 turn$ outside to replace a decay$ tie-beam4 ,we call clips ^? pieces ( wood :i*1 9 pairs1 usually cl5* two or m p>ts ( a fram+4 ,^! clips1 ,a1 hold fa/ by means ( not*+s1 ! blades ,b1 ! k+-po/ ,c1 & ! two /ruts ,d4 ,iron bolts ) screw-nuts tightly hold ! not*+s ( ! clips1 l a pair ( jaws1 aga9/ ! timb]s :i* h to be kept 9 _! place4 ,b ?is is en\gh = to-day1 & y w h pl5ty to d to make a fair transcript ( ?is lesson 9 c>p5try betwe5 n[ & ?is ev5+40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,sett+ ,,out ,,! ,,f\ndations ,,( ,,! ,,h\se1 ,,& ,,op]ations ,,on ,,! ,,gr\nd4 ,next day a lett] dat$ ,naples 0 receiv$ f ,madame ,m>ie ,n----1 express+ ! livelie/ & mo/ patriotic appreh5sions ) reg>d to rec5t ev5ts4 ,paul's si/] wi%$ to induce ! family to jo9 h] at ,naples2 h] husb& c\ld n return to ,france j at pres5t2 ! bus9ess :i* call$ him to ,con/ant9ople all[$ ( no delay1 & w\ld oblige him to emb>k v %ortly4 ,! lett] t]m9at$ ?us3 8,we h receiv$ ,paul's designs2 we suppose 8 c\s9 mu/ h giv5 him a little help4 ,i %\ld be delight$1 & my husb& too1 if !re 0 any *ance ( su* a plan be+ realiz$2 b :o c ?9k ( build+ 9 ! /ate 9 :i* our poor c\ntry is n[6 ,r make up y\r m9d to come & jo9 u40 8,well10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau aft] read+ ! lett]1 8y see y\r plans are approv$3 let u set to "w at once4 ,if ! ,prussians %\ld come z f> z ?is & set our old h\se on fire1 z _! cu/om is1 !y w n burn ! walls ( a build+ only j begun1 & :at we h sp5t 9 its erection w n get into _! pockets40 ,eugne1 help$ by ,paul1 :o calculat$ ! items--he _h nev] und]tak5 su* a task be=e--drew up ! e/imate1 :i* am\nt$ 9 all to #g1jjjl4 ,! e>?works & masonry 7 expect$ to co/ #c1djjl4 ,ma/] ,bran*u 0 summon$3 8,a v good g5tleman y\r fa!r is10 said he to ,paul1 :5 x 0 settl$ t !y %\ld beg9 ! foll[+ day2 8he sets p to "w :5 ! be/ h&s are be+ turn$ (f ev]y:]e1 & old fell[s l me1 :o _c g soldi]+1 w\ld h a h>d "t ( x all ! w9t]4 ,i %all g & dr9k 8 heal? ) ,jean ,god>d ! c>p5t]1 :o w be desp]ate glad l myself40 ,! re/ ( ! day 0 employ$ 9 m>k+ ! pr9cipal dim5sions on ! plan1 s z to be able to set out ! excavations4 ,ma/] ,bran*u 0 already on ! gr\nd next day1 equipp$ ) l9es1 /akes1 nails1 & bro*es1 a l>ge c>p5t]'s squ>e1 & a wat]-level1 :5 ,paul & 8 c\s9 arriv$ at an e>ly h\r 9 ! morn+4 8,y see10 said ,eugne to ,paul1 8t ! figures indicate on ?is plan ! di/ances betwe5 ! c5tre-l9es ( ! walls4 ,consult+ ^! dim5sions1 we %all set out ^! c5tre-l9es on ! gr\nd ) ! help ( l9es atta*$ to :at we call bro*es 7,fig4 #ai71 :i* consi/ ( two /akes firmly fix$ 9 ! e>?1 & a crosspiece4 ,! direction ( "o ( ! c5tre-l9es be+ det]m9$ accord+ to ! ori5tation x suits u to *oose1 ! places ( ! o!r axes w foll[ accord+ to ! di/ance figur$ on ! plan & ! squ>e returns40 ,eugne _h soon settl$ ! l9e ( c5tre1 ,a1 = ! d9+ & billi>d-rooms1 accord+ to ! desir$ ori5tation4 ,!n on ?is fir/ c5tre-l9e 0 set out by means ( a small !odolite ano!r at "r angles1 :i* 0 ! c5tre-l9e ( ! entrance-hall4 ,^! two l9es once laid d[n1 ! o!rs 7 det]m9$ by means ( ! dim5sions previ\sly m>k$ on ! plan4 ,! c5tres ( ! pr9cipal walls 7 ?us trac$ on ! gr\nd by l9es atta*$ to ! bro*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,z cell>s 7 to be made "u ! :ole ext5t ( ! ma9 build+1 ,eugne cont5t$ himself ) ord]+ ,bran*u to excavate ! entire gr\nd to a di/ance ( ab\t a y>d beyond ! l9es ( ! p]imet]4 ,two lab\r]s ) _! picks set to "w !re=e at once to m>k out ! excavation4 8,if10 said he to ! workm51 8y f9d /one1 z may c]ta9ly be expect$1 at no great dep?1 & if x %\ld prove to be ( good quality1 y w take c>e n to break x up2 get x out = wall+ /one2 we w make use ( x & pay y = y\r extra tr\ble4 ,if y f9d b\ld]s1 let !m be bla/$1 & lay aside ! be/ pieces = use4 ,to-morr[ or ! next day we %all give y ! plan & section ( ! cell>s4 ,meantime lay 9 a good /ore ( bricks1 lime1 & s&2 y "k t 9 ?is di/rict x is desirable to arrange matt]s be=eh& if we w\ld h ! mat]ials :5 want$4 ,x is ,septemb] already1 & our cell>s mu/ be built at lea/ be=e ! fir/ fro/s40 8,?is be+ settl$ !n10 add$ ,eugne1 address+ ,paul :5 !y 7 return+ to ! h\se1 8,i appo9t y cl]k ( ! works1 & ^! w be y\r duties3 ,y w come to ! gr\nd e morn+1 & take c>e 9 ! fir/ place t ! ord]s giv5 9 y\r pres5ce are /rictly execut$4 ,= in/ance1 y w h to take acc\nt ( ! quantity ( /one extract$ f ! excavation1 & to h x prop]ly /ack$ 9 a heap ab\t "o y>d ?ick1 two y>ds broad1 & ( a l5g? dep5d+ on ! yield ( ! qu>ry4 ,hav+ ?us v]ifi$ ! daily increase ( ! heap1 we %all be secure aga9/ any ab/raction f x4 ,y w keep a note-book 9 y\r pocket1 9 :i* y w m>k its daily augm5tation1 & y w take c>e to h e leaf c\nt]sign$ by ,bran*u4 ,y\r bus9ess j n[ w be only ov]look+2 b x w become m complicat$ z ! works advance4 ,if mat]ials are br\ght y w take acc\nt ( ! quantity1--9 numb]s if x is bricks1 or by solid cont5t if x is s& or lime4 ,= ?is purpose ,i %all h br\ght to ! gr\nd "o ( ^? road-lab\r]'s boxes1 :i* are a y>d squ>e & half a y>d deep4 ,ea* measure :5 fill$ conta9s !re=e half a cubic y>d4 8,y w tell ,bran*u to get a wood5 %$ built to keep 8 tools 91 & to keep ! lime "u cov] till x is slack$4 ,if we _h a contractor1 or "s "o ) :om a b>ga9 _h be5 made1 we %\ld n h to tr\ble ourselves ab\t ! quantity or cont5t ( ! mat]ials br\ght to ! gr\nd2 b z x is1 we mu/ employ elem5t>y means1 = ,bran*u has n capital ) :i* to provide mat]ials4 ,we %all !re=e give him ! mat]ials we buy1 or :i* ! e/ate supplies1 on acc\nt4 ,y p]ceive ! necessity ( prev5t+ ^! mat]ials f be+ ab/ract$ or wa/$4 ,we pay him only = ! lab\r4 ,?is plan obliges u to be m att5tive & vigilant1 b we are at lea/ secur$ f be+ deceiv$ z to ! quality ( ! mat]ials by a contractor1 :o might ?9k x 8 int]e/1 if he b\ght !m1 to supply u ) "s ( a quality inf]ior to t contemplat$ 9 ! e/imate4 8,we %all make ! same t]ms ) ! c>p5t]4 ,y\r fa!r tells me he has "s oak timb]s t h be5 cut m ?an two ye>s1 & put 9 ! wood-y>d ne> ! ,noiret f>m4 ,let u g & h a look at !m1 & m>k ^? t c be employ$4 ,our figur$ plan gives u ! l5g?s ( ! floor+ joi/s40 ,pass+ by ! side ( ! rivulet t fl[s along ! little valley1 ,eugne 0 look+ att5tively at its /eep banks1 & 0 /rik+ ! rock faces ) ! iron-%od end ( 8 /ick4 8,:at d y obs]ve !re80 said ,paul4 8,i ?9k we %all f9d "h good mat]ials = our cell> vault+4444 ,look at ?is yell[i% /one1 por\s l a sponge4 ,x is a pres5t to u f ?is little wat]-c\rse4 ,x br+s d[n 9 its wat]s c>bonate ( lime1 :i* is incessantly be+ deposit$ on ! grasses & vegetable detritus on its banks & 9 its b$4 ,?is rivulet ?us =ms a light & v por\s tufa1 :i* is s(t & friable z long z x is ?or\ghly moi/1 b :i* acquires a c]ta9 degree ( h>dness 9 dry+4 ,=m]ly ?is rivulet 0 l>g] ?an x is n[1 & x appe>s to me to h deposit$ a consid]able ?ickness ( ?is tufa z pres5t$ on its banks 9 _! actual condition4 ,take ?is bit1 & look at x att5tively4 ,y see t x is fill$ ) cavities1--little cyl9drical passages2 !y repres5t ! twigs ar\nd :i* c>bonate ( lime 0 deposit$4 ,! twigs !mselves decay$ & disappe>$ long ago2 ! coat+ has rema9$ & be5 h>d5$ 9 ! air4 ,obs]ve h[ light ?is k9d ( /one is1 be+ compos$ ( cells sc>cely ?ick] ?an egg-%ells4 ,yet1 try to cru% x "u y\r heel4 ,x resi/s1 & ! pressure sc>cely blunts its asp]ities4 ,well1 dry x1 & 9 a week x w be ev5 h>d]4 ,a sm>t bl[ ) a hamm] w be requir$ to break x4 8,?is mat]ial is p]haps ! be/ = vaults1 on acc\nt ( its lightness1 its t\ghness1 its cavities1 & t r\ghness ( surface :i* makes ! mort> adh]e s closely to ! jo9ts t x _c be sep>at$1 & ! :ole1 :5 suffici5tly dry1 seems to =m only a s+le piece4 8,we %all s5d two excavators to get out a few cubic y>ds ( x4 ,x is no difficult op]ation2 & :5 ?is tufa is 9 a damp /ate 9 its natural b$1 x c be v readily cut up into brick-%ap$ pieces40 ,!y soon rea*$ ! ,noiret f>m2 & !re 9 fact1 "u a %$ along ! wall ( ! b>n1 7 pil$ up pieces ( timb] r\ghly squ>$ & black5$ by damp4 ,eugne m>k$ a c]ta9 numb] ( !m ) 8 knife1 leav+ ^? t 7 crook$1 knotty1 or cross-gra9$4 8,:at is a cross-gra9$ piece ( timb]80 ask$ ,paul4 8,cross-gra9$ timb]s are ^? ^: fibres =m a spiral r\nd ! he>t4 ,y c und]/& h[ ! fibres ( ! wood n be+ v]tical1 & =m+ spirals m or less complete1 lose _! resi/+ prop]ty2 ^! fibres1 on acc\nt ( ! circuit !y make1--& :i* is n a regul> "o1--become disjo9$1 & leave deep cracks betwe5 !m4 ,^! timb]s1 !re=e1 are reject$ z defective1 z are also ^? ^: he>t is uns\nd1 or :i* h :at !y call s(t r+s2 t is1 diseas$ p>ts betwe5 _! lay]s--a sort ( int]ior ulc]s :i* n only deprive ! wood ( its homog5eity ( resi/ance b develop decay ar\nd !m4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ^! s(t r+s are n obs]v$1 & t timb]s :i* appe> v s\nd fall rapidly to du/4 ,& z ^! diseases are frequ5t or r>e accord+ to ! soils 9 :i* ! wood grew1 x is ess5tial to "k :5ce ! timb]s employ$ 9 build+s came4 ,"o =e/ w produce oak admirable 9 appe>ance1 b :i* rapidly decays2 ano!r furni%es timb] t is always s\nd4 ,g5]ally1 timb] gr[n on light & dry soils is good2 ! produce ( damp1 clayey gr\nd is bad4 8,y w h ^! cross-gra9$ & crook$ timb]s put on "o side2 !y w d to make ! c5tres = ! cell>s2 !y are fit = no?+ else1 unless x be = firewood4 ,z to ^! fir poles1 !y w s]ve = scaffold+40 ,x 0 late1 s ! c\s9s ask$ = breakfa/ at ! f>m4 ,:ile !y 7 lay+ ! table1 ,paul said1 8,i want to "k h[ y use ! !odolite40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 8,9 ! case ( an op]ation su* z we h j be5 p]=m+1 x is ! simple/ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,i ask$ ,bran*u to s5d my in/rum5t to ! *teau1 t ,i might n be tr\bl$ ) x all ! morn+2 b !re is no ne$ to h x "h to %[ h[ to use x4 ,y "k t ! !odolite consi/s ( a graduat$ circle1 divid$ into #cfj degrees4 ,?is circle1 movable on its c5tre1 is furni%$ ) an air-bubble level1 & a telescope above1 bo? ( :i* turn horizontally on a pivot 9 ! c5tre ( ! circle4 ,! level & ! c5tre ( ! telescope are p]fectly p>allel to ! plane ( ! circle4 ,?is is plac$ ^u a /& ) ?ree legs1 & ! circle is fir/ fix$ horizontally by means ( ?ree regulat+ screws1 & by turn+ ! level4 ,! air-bubble mu/ be always at ! c5tre1 to :atev] degree ( ! circle ! tube is direct$4 ,?is be+ done1 & ! feet be+ plac$ at ! po9t m>k$ on ! gr\nd--v]ify+ ! position by means ( a plumb-l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! plate--! glass is direct$ t[>ds a fix$ po9t :]e a #8sight' is plac$4 ,! glass ( ! telescope is cross$ by two hairs at "r angles1 :i* m>k its c5tre4 ,! int]section ( ! two hairs mu/ fall on ! po9t on :i* ! telescope is direct$4 ,b previ\sly ! indicator or v]ni] bel[ ! telescope is set to ! z]o ( ! circle4 ,x is !re=e ! entire in/rum5t t has be5 turn$4 ,if1 !n1 = example1 we wi% to con/ruct a "r angle on ! l9e jo9+ ! po9t :]e y are /&+ ) ! fir/ sight1 y turn ! glass till its indicator /&s at #ij degrees 7! qu>t] ( ! circle74 ,y s5d a man ) ano!r sight 9 ! direction ( ! glass1 & h ?is sight c>ri$ to "r or left until its c5tre is exactly on ! l9e ( ! v]tical hair ( ! glass4 ,y h ?is sight fix$4 ,x is !n c]ta9 t ! l9e drawn f ! po9t :]e y /& 9 ! direction ( ! second sight =ms a "r angle ) ! fir/ base l9e1 s9ce two diamet]s cutt+ a circle divid$ into #cfj degrees at "r angles give #ij degrees = ea* qu>t] ( ! circle4 ,by ! help ( ?is in/rum5t1 hav+ previ\sly indicat$ on ! plan ( a build+ ^: f\ndations y are lay+ out1 ! angles :i* c]ta9 l9es1 />t+ f any po9t1 =m ) ea* o!r1 y c transf] ^! angles to ! gr\nd4 ,suppose y h to lay ! f\ndations ( a semi-circul> portico4 ,hav+ fix$ ! c5tre1 & trac$ ! semi-circle on ! gr\nd1 plac+ ! !odolite on ?is c5tre1 y w be able to direct l9es t w cut ?is circumf]5ce at regul> int]vals1 & :i* w\ld m>k1 = in/ance1 ! c5tres ( ! columns or pill>s4 ,s9ce f po9t ,a to po9t ,b y h #ahj degrees 7,fig4 #bj71 y w divide ^! #ahj degrees into z _m p>ts z y *oose on ! circle ( ! !odolite1 & ! c5tre ( ! glass w give y1 at a great di/ance1 ! same divisions on ! semi-circul> portico4 ,9 ! same way z ! !odolite s]ves ! purpose ( lay+ ! f\ndations ( a build+1 x enables u to take ! be>+s ( a tract ( c\ntry4 ,= suppose ! base1 ,e ,f1 to be a kn[n l5g? :i* y h measur$3 plac+ y\r in/rum5t at ,e1 y direct ! glass on a po9t ,c1--a tree1 a /eeple1 or a pole2 y h !n ! numb] ( degrees on ! circle compris$ by ! angle ,c ,e ,f4 ,y transf] ?is angle to y\r pap]1 !n mov+ ! in/rum5t to ! po9t ,f1 y direct x !nce on ?is same po9t ,c2 y obta9 simil>ly ! angle ,c ,f ,e1 :i*1 transf]r$ to ! pap]1 gives y exactly ! position ( ! po9t ,c1 & ! unkn[n di/ance f ,e to ,c & f ,f to ,c2 !n ei!r ( ^! l5g?s w s]ve y = a base 9 its turn1 & op]at+ f ! po9t ,c & ! po9t ,f1 & sight+ a f\r? po9t ,d1 y "k ! l5g?s ,c ,d & ,f ,d4 ,?us y c op]ate ov] a :ole c\ntry2 ?is is :at is call$ triangulation1 ! fir/ op]ation requir$ = gett+ a map ( ! c\ntry4 ,b we are gett+ into ano!r region ( k4 ,let u g to breakfa/60 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,paul ,,reflects4 ,! omelette au jambon despat*$1 ,paul rema9$ sil5t4 8,well1 my "y colleague1 y seem to be look+ at some?+ outside ! real _w4 ,is x hung] t gives y t p5sive look8 ,%all we h ano!r omelette80 8,no1 ?ank y4 ,my hung] is q satisfi$4 ,:at bo!rs me is1 t ,i don't half und]/& all y h be5 s k9dly expla9+ to me4 ,!re are po9ts :i* ,i _c cat*2 & ,i am ask+ myself :e!r ,i c be really ( any use to y 9 ov]look+ ! build+4 ,x seems to me t ,i %\ld h mu* to le>n2 ! little y h taught me is all 9 confusion 9 my head1 & we hav5't ev5 begun ! "w yet40 8,disc\rag$ already6 ,come1 come6 ea* day's task c be f9i%$ 9 ! day2 & a h\se is n built s fa/ b t y c add some?+ e day to y\r /ore ( practical k1 )\t confusion4 8,all y le>n w f9d its place 9 y\r bra91 = ! head is a m>vell\s box2 ! m y fill x ! m x enl>ges2 & ev]y?+ classifi$ 9 ! comp>tm5t de/9$ to receive x c always be f\nd aga94 ,! great ?+ is to keep "o's bureau 9 good ord]1 & only to place 9 x objects well /udi$ & sort$4 8,b ea* day y ought to make a complete transcript ( ! "w done1 & leave no?+ = ! morr[4 ,! commission ,i give y--t is ! daily record ( all t is br\ght to ! works1 & ( ! employm5t ( ! mat]ials--:at we call #8keep+ acc\nt' is only a "q ( exactness & c>e4 ,! important po9t is n to let y\r "w get be=eh& ) y4 ,two h\rs daily w suffice to take acc\nt on ! spot4 ,y see t y w /ill h ?ree or f\r h\rs left to att5d to ! details ( ! execution1 & to take y\r pleasure40 8,did y beg9 to le>n ar*itecture 9 ?is way80 8,oh6 by no means4 ,:5 ,i left college ,i 0 articl$ to an ar*itect = two ye>s1 :o set me to copy draw+s ( build+s1 ( :i* ,i 0 n told ei!r ! age1 or ! c\ntry1 or ! use2 !n to lay on t9ts4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 ,i took lessons 9 ma!matics1 geometry1 & draw+s f models4 ,i 0 !n prep>$ to ent] ! cole des ,beaux ,arts1 :]e n mu* is taught1 b :]e !y compete to obta9 m$als & ! ,gr& ,prix1 if y c4 ,i rema9$ !re ?ree ye>s1 mak+ five 9 all4 ,meantime1 ,i 0 oblig$ to get my liv+1 = ,i _h no m ?an en\gh to pay = my lodg+ & to buy clo!s4 ,i 0 oblig$1 !re=e1 to get into an (fice--t is to say1 to "w = s mu* an h\r at an ar*itect's1 :o 0 9 l>ge practice4 ,!re ,i us$ to trace plans & no?+ else1 except n[ & !n to make "s detail draw+s4--,heav5 kn[s h[6--= ,i _h nev] se5 ! smalle/ "p ( a build+ execut$4 ,b my employ] 0 n exact+1 & ! ma/] build]s suppli$ by _! exp]i5ce :at 0 want+ 9 ^! details4 ,see+ t all ?is w\ld n put me 9 a spe$y way to ma/] my pr(ession1 & be+ s =tunate z to h _h a few hundr$ p\nds left me1 ,i resolv$ to travel--to /udy ar*itecture 9 actual build+s1 & no long] 9 ^? %[n me on pap]4 ,i set myself to obs]ve1 to comp>e1 to see practical m5 at "w1 to exam9e build+s t 7 crumbl+ to pieces1 t ,i might discov] 9 anim vili ! causes ( _! ru94 8,at ! end ( five m ye>s ,i 0 suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) my pr(ession to be able to practise x4 ,total--t5 ye>s2 & ,i _h n built ev5 a dog-k5nel4 ,"o ( my patrons introduc$ me to an ag5cy = gov]nm5t works1 :]e ,i saw me?ods employ$ :i* sc>cely agre$ ) ! obs]vations ,i _h be5 able to make dur+ my previ\s ar*itectural /udies4 ,if at any "t ,i all[$ myself to make rem>ks on ?is discrepancy1 ,i f\nd !y 7 n well receiv$4 ,?is circum/ance1 & ! fact t a f9e opportunity (f]$ itself = mak+ use ( :at ,i _h le>n$1 occasion$ my /ay !re to be ( no long duration4 8,a l>ge comm]cial company 0 on ! po9t ( erect+ manufactur+ works on an ext5sive scale4 ,!y _h engag$ an ar*itect :o 0 propos+ to erect build+s 9 ! ,roman /yle1 :i* 0 n exactly :at !y want$4 ,!y did n ?9k x q to ! purpose to build 9 ! pla9s ( ! ,loire edifices recall+ ! spl5d\rs ( ,anci5t ,rome4 ,i 0 introduc$ to ! directors2 !y expla9$ :at !y want$ to me4 ,i li/5$2 ,i work$ indefatigably to acquire :at ,i 0 ignorant (1 9 ord] to satisfy my cli5ts4 ,i visit$ factories1 made ! acqua9tance ( l>ge contractors1 /udi$ build+ mat]ials1 & at l5g? furni%$ ! draft ( a plan :i* pleas$ !m1 b :i* w\ld sc>cely satisfy me n[4 ,! "w 0 begun2 assidu\s /udy1 & con/ant att5dance on ! gr\nd1 enabl$ me to supply my defici5cies 9 po9t ( k1 s t !y 7 satisfi$ ) my comm5cem5t4 ,mo/ ( ^! g5tlem5 _h t[n & c\ntry-h\ses4 ,i became _! ar*itect1 & ?is soon obta9$ me l>ge practice & m "w ?an ,i c\ld execute2 especially z ,i h come to ! conclusion t x is necess>y to be always /udy+1 reason+1 & improv+2 s t 7look+ at ! matt] 9 ?is light7 ! fur!r y advance ! m difficulties y h to enc\nt]40 8,h[1 !n1 %\ld ar*itecture be /udi$80 8,:y1--z ,i h %[n y1--by practis+ x4 ,9 ,france1 at any rate1 no o!r me?od has be5 employ$ hi!rto1 & p]haps ?is is ! be/40 8,b h[ d ^? le>n to build :o d n travel1 z y did1 b simply /udy 9 ! usual way80 8,!y d n le>n to build4 ,!y only le>n to imag9e & design impossible /ructures1 "u ! pretext ( pres]v+ ! traditions ( #8high art2' & :5 !y are tir$ ( putt+ ^! fancies on pap]1 !y h a place z cl]k ( works giv5 !m1 :]e !y d :at y are go+ to d2 ! only diff]5ce be+ t !y feel a disgu/ = ! "w because !y 7 expect+ some?+ v diff]5t40 8,b1 beg9n+ z ,i am go+ to beg91 %all ,i be able aft]w>ds to /udy !--:at %all ,i call x80 8,! !ory1--! art1 9 %ort4 ,c]ta9ly1 y w be able to /udy x mu* m easily2 = ! modicum ( practical k y w h acquir$ 9 build+ a h\se1 or 9 see+ x built f f\ndation to ro(1 w enable y to und]/& _m ?+s :i*1 )\t practice1 are inexplicable 9 ! /udy ( ! art4 ,?is w give y ! habit ( reason+ & ( satisfy+ y\rself z to ! :y & :]e=e ( c]ta9 =ms & c]ta9 arrangem5ts dictat$ by ! necessities ( practical build+1--=ms & arrangem5ts :i* appe> simply fanciful 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o h no idea ( ^? necessities4 8,h[ are *ildr5 taught to speak8 ,is x by expla9+ to !m ! rules ( gramm> :5 !y are only ?ree ye>s old8 ,no2 b by speak+ to !m1 & induc+ !m to speak to express _! wi%es or necessities4 ,:5 !y h le>n$ to speak ne>ly z well z y & ,i d1 ! me*anism & rules ( language are expla9$ to !m1 & !n !y c write correctly4 ,b be=e le>n+ accord+ to :at laws words ought to be plac$1 & h[ !y ought to be writt5 to compose a phrase1 !y _h become acqua9t$ ) ! signification ( ea* ( !m4 8,if we _h n 9 ,france ! mo/ s+ul> ideas respect+ tea*+1 we %\ld beg9 ) ! beg9n+1 n ) ! end1 9 ! /udy ( ar*itecture4 ,we %\ld imp>t to /ud5ts ! practical elem5t>y me?ods ( ! art ( build+1 be=e sett+ !m to "w to copy ! ,p>!non or ! ,!rm ( ,anton9us ,c>acalla1 :i*1 = want ( ^? fir/ practical notions are to !m m]e phantoms2 we %\ld ?us tra9 _! "y m9ds to reason & to become aw>e ( all _! defici5cies1 in/ead ( excit+ _! y\?ful vanity by ex]cises purely !oretical or arti/ic at an age :5 !y _c cle>ly und]/& ! =ms t are giv5 to !m z models40 8,a h\se su* z we are go+ to build seems to me a v small affair4 ,surely su* a con/ruction c h>dly supply ! in=mation necess>y = erect+ a great edifice40 8,d n imag9e t1 ,paul2 con/ruction1 ap>t f c]ta9 bran*es ( sci5tific & practical k1 :i* y w be able to /udy at leisure1 is no?+ b a me?od1--a habit ( reason+1--a compliance ) ! rules ( common s5se4 ,( c\rse y mu/ possess common s5se & consult x4 ,un=tunately1 !re is a s*ool ( ar*itects :i* disda9s ?is natural faculty1 ass]t+ t x fett]s imag9ation2 = we h among u ideali/s1 z !re are 9 lit]ature & among pa9t]s or sculptors2 ?\gh if idealism is p]missible among littrateurs & arti/s1--= !re x is h>mless1--9 ar*itecture x is q ano!r ?+2 x is exp5sive1 & y & ,i h to pay = x4 ,we h consequ5tly ! "r to consid] x at lea/ out ( place4 ,! reason+ faculties & good s5se h to be call$ into ex]cise q z mu* 9 build+ a h\se z 9 con/ruct+ ! ,l\vre1 9 ! same way z y may %[ tact & intellect 9 a lett] z well z 9 a l>ge volume4 8,! ability ( an ar*itect is n det]m9$ by ! quantity ( cubic feet ( /one he uses4 ,! size ( ! build+ makes no diff]5ce40 8,y ma9ta91 !n1 t z mu* ability is requir$ to build a mod]ate-siz$ h\se z to erect a va/ palace80 8,i d n say t2 ,i say t ! faculties ( ! m9d1 reason+1 accuracy1 ! exact appreciation ( ! mat]ials at our disposal1 & _! prop] use1 are manife/$ z well 9 ! con/ruction ( ! simple/ habitation z 9 ! erection ( ! mo/ magnific5t ar*itectural monum5t40 8,i %all !n be able to le>n mu* 9 obs]v+ ! build+ ( my si/]'s h\se80 8,c]ta9ly4 ,fir/1 because "o le>ns mu* :5 "o has ! wi% to le>n2 secondly1 because 9 a h\se1 z 9 ! l>ge/ ( palaces1 ! entire ar*itectural /aff w h to pres5t !mselves be=e y1 f ! excavator to ! decorative pa9t]4 ,:e!r ! c>p5t] makes tw5ty doors or two hundr$1 if y c get a cle> notion ( h[ a door is made1 h+$1 & hung1 "o alone is q en\gh2 y h no ne$ to see a ?\s&40 8,b "h we %all n be mak+ doors 7= example7 su* z ^? ( royal ap>tm5ts80 8,no2 b ! pr9ciples on :i* !y are1 or ought to be made1 are ! same = bo?2 & x is by dep>t+ f ^! pr9ciples t we fall into m]e :ims & follies4 ,:5 y "k h[ a wood5 door is made y w see t ! /ructure is adapt$ to ! nature ( ! mat]ial employ$1 viz41 wood1 & to ! purpose x has to s]ve4 ,?is k acquir$1 y w be able to /udy h[ clev] m5 h made use ( ^! elem5ts1 & h[ 7)\t dep>t+ f fundam5tal pr9ciples7 !y h produc$ simple or spl5did works2 y w be able to d z !y h done1 if y h tal5t1 & to seek new applications ( pr9ciples4 ,b y mu/1 9 ! fir/ place1 "k h[ a door is made1 & n imitate at haz>d1 :ile de/itute ( ?is prelim9>y practical k1 ! v>i\s =ms t h be5 adopt$1 be !y good or bad40 ,paul cont9u$ ?\ghtful all ! re/ ( ! day4 ,x 0 evid5t t he 0 becom+ aw>e ( grave difficulties1 & ! build+ ( 8 si/]'s h\se 0 assum+ 9 8 m9d disquiet+ proportions4 ,return+ to ! *teau1 he began to look at ! doors1 ! w9d[s1 & ! wa9scot+1 z if he _h nev] se5 any?+ l !m 9 8 life2 & ! long] he look$1 ! m confus$1 complicat$1 & difficult to und]/& did x all appe> to him4 ,he _h nev] ask$ himself by :at contrivances ^! pieces ( wood 7 comb9$ & held toge!r1 & f\nd h>dly any satisfactory solutions ( ! que/ions he 0 putt+ to himself4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,paul1 ,,cl]k ,,( ,,! ,,works4 8,g1 my de> ,paul1 & see h[ f> ! excavations are advanc$ ?is morn+10 said ,eugne1 two days aft] ! visit to ! gr\nd1 8& br+ me y\r report4 ,take a rule & a note-book ) y1 & take notes & measurem5ts ( :at has be5 done4 ,y w exam9e ! gr\nd1 & tell me if !y f9d blocks ( /one ne> ! surface ( ! soil1 or if ! loose e>? is deep4 ,9 ! meantime ,i am go+ to draw ! plan ( ! cell>s4 ,b take ! trac+ ( ! plan ( ! gr\nd-floor ( ! h\se1 & on ?is plan1 m>k out :at !y h begun to excavate1 & :at !y f9d4 ,! "w _c be f> advanc$2 b "s excavations w h be5 already made1 s9ce ,i h told ,bran*u to set z _m lab\r]s to "w z he c\ld f9d1 s z to comply ) y\r fa!r's int5tions40 ,a little emb>rass$ by 8 new duties1 ,paul soon rea*$ ! gr\nd4 ,aid$ by ,bran*u1 he took ! measure ( ! digg+s1 indicat$ ! dep?s z well z he c\ld1 & m>k$ ! spots :]e !y f\nd rock or loose e>?4 ,?is took him two good h\rs4 8,well10 said ,eugne1 :5 !y 7 settl$ 9 ! /udy1 aft] breakfa/1 8!re is ! plan ( ! cell>s 7,fig4 #ba74 ,let u see h[ x w suit y\r report ( ! gr\nd1 & :e!r we %all h to make "s modifications 9 ?is plan4 ,ah6 ,i see ! rock is ne>ly on ! surface t[>ds ! s\?1 & ! loose soil rea*es pretty uni=mly a dep? ( ?ree y>ds t[>ds ! nor? ( our build+s4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 make ! cell>s "u ! draw+-room1 ! d9+-room1 & ! billi>d-room1 9 ! lime/one rock1--cutt+ ! latt]2 & we %all make a f\ndation = ! front "p1 especially = ! /abl+ & coa*-h\se1 ) good masonry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 8,"h 7,fig4 #ba7 is ! plan ( ! cell>s4 ,y see ^! axial l9es3 !y indicate ! c5tres ( ! walls ( ! gr\nd-floor1 & mu/ n be dep>t$ f4 ,! figures d5ot+ ! ?ickness ( ! walls are always m>k$ f ^! c5tres4 ,?us y see ^! dim5sions are great] :]e ! cell>-wall w h to c>ry ! spr+ ( ! vault+ ( ! cell>s--z ,i expla9$ to y1 ! o!r day4 8,we h a rivulet t w supply ! s]vices ( ! h\se1 by means ( a res]voir1 :i* we w place z high z possible4 ,we h n yet tak5 ! levels2 b judg+ by a glance1 ,i %\ld say 7reckon+ by ! falls ( ! rivulet & ! rapidity ( its c\rse7 t at #ajj y>ds f ! h\se ! res]voir w /ore ! wat] s z to enable x to rea* ! level ( ! fir/ floor by pipes4 ,t we %all h to asc]ta94 ,o!rwise we %all h rec\rse to a pump work$ by horse-p[] or by a w9dmill4 ,we w aft]w>ds conduct ?is /ream ( wat] into a dra9 along ! walls at ! nor? ( ! h\se1 z y see at ,a1 s t ?is dra9 may collect ! wa/e wat] f ! h\se by a conduit1 ,b1 & receive ! closet dis*>ges at ,c1 ,d1 & ,e4 ,! runn+ wat] w ?us take (f ?is sewage into a tank1 :i* we w make d[n bel[ 9 ! kit*5-g>d54 ,?is wat] :5 x has settl$ is excell5t--let me tell y--= wat]+ ! vegetables4 8,i h indicat$ on ! plan at ,g ! sections ( ! cell> b>rel-vaults4 ,! cell>s w measure #e feet f ! floor to ! spr+ ( ! vaults1 & ! vaults w h a rise ( #e feet4 ,^! cell>s1 !re=e1 w h a height ( #aj feet "u ! cr[n1 :i* w be v satisfactory1 especially z ! gr\nd is dry4 ,we %all !n be able to make use ( ! cell>s1 n only = /or+ w9es b vegetables1 = a l>d]1 c4 ,! level ( our gr\nd-floor be+ #e feet above ! g5]al surface ( ! gr\nd1 we %all easily v5tilate ^! cell>s by air-holes1 z ,i h m>k$ at ,h4 ,! desc5t to !m w be by ! /eps on ! "r1 situat$ ne> ! wa%-h\ses & by ! s]vants' /airs 9 ! turret4 ,! "r-h& /eps w s]ve = tak+ d[n /ores1 & ! w9d+-/airs = c>ry+ up ! w9es & o!r ?+s to ! pantry4 8,h y se5 :e!r ,bran*u has tak5 c>e to h ! mat]ials extract$ f ! excavations regul>ly deposit$80 8,yes3 b hi!rto he has f\nd only ?9 lay]s ( :at he calls rag2 b he has !m /ack$1 & tells me !y w be v good = f\ndation walls40 8,he is "r3 ?is rag is liable to injury f fro/ 9 ! op5 air1 b x is h>d1 & does v well 9 cell>s2 & x makes good /rong wall+1 because x is b$d$1--t is1 occurs 9 ! natural /ate 9 ?9 p>allel lay]s1 #d to #f in*es ?ick40 8,t is j ab\t :at he told me2 b he add$ t x swall[s up a great deal ( mort>1 & ,i did n q und]/& :at he meant by t40 8,! fact is ?is2--! ?9n] ! lay]s ( /one are1 ! m b$s ( mort> !y require betwe5 !m2 b if y h obs]v$ ! ?9 /ones 9 "q y w h rem>k$ t !y are extremely r\gh & riddl$1 ) cavities on _! b$s4 ,!re mu/ be pl5ty ( mort> betwe5 ea* c\rse1 to fill ^! rugosities & cavities well3 & = t v reason masonry ( ?is k9d is excell5t1 if y are n sp>+ ( mort>2 & ^! r\gh surfaces adh]e to ! mort> mu* bett] ?an smoo? surfaces c\ld d3 !y become incorporat$ ) x1 & ! :ole soon =ms "o solid mass4 ,b !n y mu/ n sp>e lime & s&1 & t is :y ,bran*u says ?is k9d ( wall+ swall[s up a great deal ( mort>40 8,bran*u also says t he has be5 f9d+ /one good = mak+ lime1 above blocks ( build+ lime/one1 & asks :e!r he is to put t aside40 8,c]ta9ly if ! lime-burn] at ! ,mill _c furni% u ) lime1 we w make x ourselves2 ?is w n be difficult s9ce we h pl5ty ( firewood f ! rec5t fell+s40 8,bran*u also ask$ me :]e he 0 to put ! excavat$ e>?40 8,y w tell him to-morr[ morn+1 to h x deposit$ en cavali] to ! "r & left ( ! excavations2 we %all want x to level ! approa*es to ! h\se40 8,:at is a cavali]80 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 8,x is an artificial m\nd ( regul> bread? & height1 s t its solid cont5t c easily be calculat$4 ,?us1 :5 e>? is remov$ f digg+s ) :eelb>r[s1--& ?is is1 z y see1 ! means we are employ+1--we m>k out ! area ?is m\nd is to occupy on ! gr\nd1 z at ,a ,b 7,fig4 #bb71 repres5t+ ! l5g?1 & ,c ,d ! bread?4 ,t done1 ! po9t ,b be+ f>!/ f :]e ! excavation is go+ on1 ! :eelb>r[ m5 deposit _! fir/ loads at ,b1 leav+ an incl9$ embankm5t n too /eep = ! b>r[s to be :eel$ up x )\t too mu* lab\r4 ,?us by degrees an embankm5t1 ,a ,e ,b1 is =m$4 ,!n1 f ! middle ,f half way up ! incl9e ,a ,e1 !y leave a road1 a b1 #e feet wide = ! b>r[s to g up & d[n1 & !n fill up ! triangle1 ,a ,g ,f1 by incl9$ lay]s4 ,la/ly1 !y fill ! triangle1 ,g ,f ,e4 ,! road1 g ,d h i1 rema9s to be fill$ up1 & ! %ovell]s d ?is by deposit+ ! soil on ! road itself4 ,! m\nd be+ ?us p]fectly regul>1 its slopes are produc$ by ! runn+ d[n ( ! soil--t is1 !y =m angles ( ab\t #dj ) ! horizon1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! embankm5t4 ,! m\nd be+ f9i%$1 & measur+1 say1 #aj y>ds long at half its l5g? f l to m1 & #d y>ds wide at half its height f n to b1--multiply+ #aj y>ds by #d y>ds we get #dj sup]ficial y>ds at ?is mean level4 ,multiply+ ?is numb] by #b y>ds1 ! height ( ! m\nd1 we get #hj cubic y>ds4 ,y "k !re=e t ?is quantity ( e>? has be5 mov$1 & consequ5tly1 :at y h to pay1 if y\r cutt+s & embank+s are at s mu* p] cubic y>d1 or :at a cubic y>d ( soil remov$ co/s y if y pay by ! day40 8,?is w give u ! solid cont5t ( ! excavation !n80 8,n exactly4 ,e>? compress$1--settl$ d[n 9 ! natural soil1--occupies a small] volume ?an t :i*1 hav+ be5 mov$1 leaves _m int]spaces betwe5 ! mat]ials ( ! embankm5t4 ,soil :5 remov$ is said to increase1 m or less4 ,sea-s& does n increase1 :ile pebbly e>?1 mix$ ) vegetable detritus1 increases greatly4 ,9 y\r memor&a1 !re=e1 y mu/ take acc\nt ( ! loos5ess caus$ by excavat+1 to get ! solid cont5t ( ! soil remov$2 & take ! solid cont5t ( ! m\nds :5 we make use ( !m1 to "k ! mass ( e>? we %all h to transport else:]e40 8,y w n[ draw ?is plan ( ! cell>s to a scale ( a qu>t] ( an in* to a foot1 s t y may figure ! dim5sions v legibly :]e requir$2 !n ,i %all indicate to y on ?is plan ! po9ts :]e b$d$ /one mu/ be plac$40 8,:at are b$d$ /ones80 8,dress$ /one laid z a f\ndation is ?us designat$1 & :i* is only dress$ on its b$s1--t is to say1 :i* pres5ts no visible faces4 ,dress$ /one has always two b$s1 :i* are its horizontal surfaces1 "o or m faces1 :i* are its expos$ surfaces1 & its jo9ts1 :i* are its sep>at+ surfaces4 ,?us1 let u suppose a corn] /one1 be>+ a pila/]1 & hav+ ! =m indicat$ "h 7,fig4 #bc71 ! surface a b c d e f1 g h i j k l are ! upp] & l[] b$s4 ,! surfaces a l b g1 b g c h1 c d h i1 d e i j are ! expos$ faces1 & ! surfaces c f j k1 a f k l are ! jo9ts1 z ! adjac5t /ones t\* ^! surfaces4 ,y w easily see t :5 /ones are plac$ bel[ ! surface1 z a f\ndation1 x is n necess>y to dress ! faces :i* w\ld be visible only to ! moles4 ,?is cutt+ !re=e is sav$2 ! /one is left 9 ! r\gh on its v]tical faces1 & only ^? on :i* x re/s are cut4 ,= ^! b$d$ /ones solid blocks are *os51 :i* su/a9 pressure1 b :i* may be v co>se 9 gra91 & ev5 s5sible to fro/ 7i4e41 liable to be crack$ by fro/71 & :i* c\ld n be employ$ 9 ! op5 air )\t dang]2 "u gr\nd ^! /ones are pres]v$ f ! action ( fro/4 ,b c>e mu/ be tak5 ) reg>d to ^! /ones ev5 m ?an = ^? above gr\nd1 to place !m accord+ to _! qu>ry-b$1 & _! natural /ratifi$ position2 o!rwise !y might be brok5 or cru%$ b5ea? ! weight ( ! masonry above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 8,:5 our plan is drawn1 we %all indicate by a p>ticul> col\r ! p>ts :]e we wi% b$d$ /ones to be plac$4 ,^! w be ! angles & ! junctions ( ! walls :i* su/a9 ! heavie/ pressure relatively to ! re/4 ,betwe5 ^! b$d$ /ones ! masonry w be c>ri$ up simply 9 rubble-"w4 8,! gr\nd be+ good1 we %all cont5t ourselves ) f\ndations only half a y>d bel[ ! area ( ! cell>s4 ,b z soon z we h rea*$ ?is level1 ! dress$ /ones w necess>ily h faces visible 9 ! cell>s2 ^! /ones w !re=e n m]ely be b$d$1 b fac$ & jo9t$4 ,we w n take ! be/ & f9e/ gra9$1 b ^? t resi/ pressure be/1 & :i* 9 ?is di/rict are ! co>se/ 9 appe>ance4 ,we %all put dress$ /ones 9 our cell>s at ! angles1 ! jambs ( ! doors & air-holes1 & 9 ! newels ( ! /airs4 8,b y h en\gh "w = to-day & to-morr[ morn+4444 ,ah6 ,i 0 =gett+6 ,if ,bran*u meets spr+s1 or dripp+s1 t tr\ble him1 in=m me1 because we mu/ imm$iately make dra9s to collect ! wat]4 ,t w det]m9e u z to ! level to be giv5 to ! b$ ( our sew]40 8,:at d y mean by ! b$80 8,x is ! "p ( a *annel sluice or a sew] on :i* ! wat] fl[s2 x is ! bottom1 :i* ought to be =m$ s solidly t ! =ce ( ! curr5t _c di/urb x4 ,! b$s ( sew]s1 !re=e1 %\ld be made ( good flat /ones1 or1 :i* is /ill bett]1 ( hydraulic cem5t1 :5 x c be procur$1 because ! wat] f9ds its way betwe5 ! jo9ts ( ! /ones2 :ile1 if ! cem5t is prop]ly us$1 x =ms along ! :ole *annel "o homog5e\s mass p]fectly wat]-tight4 ,besides we take c>e to give to ! b$ ( a dra9 a section slightly concave1 jo9+ its walls )\t angles2 = wat] takes advantage ( angles to effect its "w ( de/ruction4 ,angles1 moreov]1 are n easily cle>$ out :5 subt]ranean *annels h to be cleans$4 ,! be/ =m to give to a sew] is ! "o giv5 "h 9 section 7,fig4 #bd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,paul ,,beg9s ,,to ,,und]/&4 ,9 spite ( ! news ( ! w>1 :i* 0 daily assum+ a m ?reat5+ "*1 ,m4 de ,g&elau insi/$ on ! works n be+ int]rupt$2 & ! inhabitants ( ! *teau f\nd 9 ! execution ( ! plans prep>$ by ,eugne & ,paul a b5eficial di/raction f ! sad =ebod+s :i* oppress$ !m4 ,9 ! ev5+1 aft] read+ ! pap]1 :i* record$1 alas6 only a succession ( disa/]s1 ev]yone rema9$ sil5t1 ) eyes fix$ on ! he>?2 b soon1 ) a det]m9$ ef=t1 ,m4 de ,g&elau />t$ ! inquiry h[ ! h\se 0 gett+ on4 ,x 0 = ,paul1 z ,cl]k ( ! ,works1 to give an acc\nt ( ! op]ations ( ! day1 & he began to p]=m 8 task ) a fair am\nt ( exactness & cle>ness4 ,he %[$ 8 memor&um books1 :i*1 ?anks to ,eugne's corrections1 7 n v badly drawn up1 & :i*1 by ! help ( a daily summ>y ( acc\nts1 indicat$ ! exp5ses t _h be5 incurr$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,! excavations _h hi!rto furni%$ en\gh mat]ials to obviate ! necessity ( s5d+ = any f ! neighb\r+ qu>ries4 ,ab\t ! #ae? ( ,septemb] ! cell> walls 7 already beg9n+ to make _! plan visible1 & x 0 "t to ?9k ( ! ext]ior pl9?s 9 elevation1 & ( ! cell> vault+s1 = ^: con/ruction wood5 c5tres 7 requir$4 ,! c>p5t] 0 !re=e commission$ to s5d = timb]-sawy]s1 to conv]t "s trunks ( popl>s1 :i* hav+ be5 cut "s "t be=e1 7 put by = ! purpose4 ,! be/ "p ( ! wood 0 sawn into ?9 bo>ds = batt5s1 to be employ$ :5 requir$2 & ! slabs--t is1 ! "p ne> ! b>k--7 cut up = c5tr+ = ! cell>s4 ,z ! plans gave only two b>rel-vaults ^: ar*es 7 diff]5t1 ! curves 7 soon /ruck out1 & ! c>p5t] prep>$ ! c5tres1 :i* 7 fix$ up z soon z ! cell> walls rea*$ ! level ( ! spr+ ( ! vaults ,^! c5tres 7 =m$ 9 ! mann] %[n 9 ,fig4 #be--t is1 consi/$ ea* ( a tie-piece1 ,a1 a k+-po/1 ,b1 two blades1 ,c1 & clips1 ,d1 :i* held fa/ ! curves =m$ ( slabs ( popl> nail$ toge!r1 z %[n at ,e1 & fix$ at ,g & ,h on to ! k+-po/ by means ( a not*1 ,f1 & to ! tie-piece by an iron /aple4 ,on ^! c5tres1 support$ by props ,k1 & set five feet ap>t1 !y laid a cov]+ compos$ ( planks1 ,l1 #c in*es ?ick1 to receive ! vaults1 :i* 7 made ( blocks ( tufa extract$ f ! banks ( ! rivulet1 #h in*es 9 ?ickness1 ) a good lay] ( mort> ov] all4 ,! op5+s = ! air-holes _h to be contriv$ 9 ! haun*es ( ! vault1 a piece ( "w :i* gave ,paul consid]able tr\ble--or r1 he _h "s difficulty 9 und]/&+ x & sket*+ x 9 8 note-book2 =1 z to ,bran*u1 he did n seem to f9d any p>ticul> difficulty 9 x4 ,eugne _h giv5 ! sket* = ! air-holes at ! same "t z ! section ( ! pl9?1 #e feet 9 height above ! gr\nd level4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,?is draw+ pres5t$1 9 section at ,a1 & 9 plan at ,b1 ! figure #bf4 ,eugne _h to expla9 ?is sket* to 8 cl]k-(-works1 :o did n und]/& x at ! fir/ glance4 8,z ! light comes f ! sky1 at ! mean angle ( #de1 ! cell>s mu/ be light$ accord+ly10 said ,eugne4 8,! pl9? consi/s ( a c\rse1 ,d1 half sunk 9 ! gr\nd1 two cle> c\rses1 ,e ,f1 & a c\rse be>+ ! set-(f4 ,we give ! cell> wall be>+ ! spr+ ( ! vaults1 #c feet4 ,! wall above ! floor-level be+ #b feet1 ?is wall gives "o foot on ea* side ( ! fix$ c5tre-l9e1 b z ! pl9? has #d in*es ( projection outside1 !re w be #af in*es f ! c5tre to ! ext]ior face ( ?is pl9?4 ,)91 ! wall desc5ds plumb z f> z ! skew-back :i* c>ries ! vaults4 ,a wid? ( #h in*es is ne$$ to receive ! latt]4 ,?us1 f ! c5tre-l9e bel[ ! spr+ ( ! vaults !re w be #bj in*es 9 ! int]ior1 & #af in*es on ! ext]ior3 total1 #c feet4 ,! l[] c\rse ris+ above ! surface #f in*es1 & ! height ( ! pl9? be+ #e feet1 !re rema9s above ^! #f in*es1 #d feet #f in*es1 :i* divid$ by ?ree gives = ea* c\rse #ah in*es4 ,i take ! op5+ ( ! air-hole 9 ! second c\rse2 out ( ! ?ird1 ,i take a *amf] ( #d in*es1 to admit ! light1 z ! ext]ior1 ,m1 & ! section indicate4 ,i cut ! fir/ c\rse to a slope ( #de1 z %[n at ,i1 leav+ a flat1 a1 ( #ab in*es1 z y see 9 ! plan4 ,!n1 beh9d ?is sill1 ,i place a l9tel1 ) a *amf] 9 ! same way1 z drawn at ,o1 & take c>e to leave at b1 two rebates ( #b in*es1 = casem5ts or grat+s1 at discretion4 ,at ! back ( ^! rebates1 ,i splay ! air-hole1 :i* has only #b feet #h in*es ( ext]ior op5+1 to #c feet #d in*es4 ,i draw 9 section an incl9$ l9e1 m n1 #h in*es above ! l9tel ,o1 :i* #h in*es w be ! rise ( ! ar*$ op5+ t w p5etrate into ! b>rel-vault1 & ^: curve 9 horizontal projection w give ! outl9e ,x4 ,?us ?is ar*1 ,x1 w receive ! ?ru/ ( ! c\rses ( ! b>rel-vault1 & w ?r[ x on ! two *eeks1 ,p4 ,bran*u w only h to m>k ! curve ,x on ! cov]+ ( ! c5tres to =m 8 ar*$ op5+40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,x 0 n q c]ta9 t ,paul p]fectly caught ?is explanation1 ?\gh repeat$ sev]al times2 & he did n und]/& x completely till he saw ,bran*u con/ruct ! air-holes & ! c5tres 7 remov$ 7,fig4 #bg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 8,i sp>e y ! difficulties10 said ,eugne1 see+ t ,paul 0 puzzl$ to compreh5d ! con/ruction ( ! cell>s1 8= ! /ructure ( ! vaults & _! p5etrations is a matt] t requires long /udy4 ,we h made only simple b>rel-vaults1 & y w obs]ve t ! cell> doors are all 9 ! end walls1 or tympanums1 & n 9 ! side walls be>+ ! spr++ ( ! vaults4 ,) ! difficulties1 ,i also avoid useless exp5se4 ,! c\rses :i* =m ! pl9? w be ( h>d /one1 b y w obs]ve t1 except at ! angles & = ! air-holes1 !y are only a fac+1--!y are n p>p+s1 t is1 d n =m ! :ole ?ickness ( ! wall4 ,we h excell5t rubble-/one1 :i*1 ) ! good mort> we employ1 (f]s great] resi/ance to pressure ?an is requir$ to c>ry two /ories & a ro(4 ,lett+ ^! r\gh /ones too? out on ! inside we tie !m bett] into ! haun*es ( ! b>rel-vaults 7,fig4 #bh71 & ?us economise dress$ /one4 ,y w also see 9 elevation1 above ! pl9?1 h[ we c sp>e dress$ /one if we wi%1 :ile pres]v+ a p]fectly s\nd con/ruction4 ,we f9d moreov]1 on ! surr\nd+ upl&s1 lay]s ( ?9 lime/one1 :i* split 9 regul> b$s f #f to #h in*es 9 ?ickness1 & :i* make capital range-"w4 ,we call t range1 or c\rs$ "w1 9 :i* ! /one is laid ) visible faces1 b$s1 & jo9ts some:at r\ghly dress$4 ,?is range-"w fac+1 :i* pres5ts 9 its way an attractive appe>ance1 & ^: ru/icity contra/s ) ! smoo? f9i% ( ! dress$ /one1 is back$ ) ord9>y rubble wall+4 ,?us1 9 di/ricts :]e /one occurs naturally ( ?is %ape 9 ! qu>ries1 we get an economical build+ mat]ial4 ,b x is pu]ile to amuse "o's self ) mak+ ?9 c\rs$-"w :]e s(t free/one ab\nds1 & :]e x mu/ be cut into little bits to obta9 ?is appe>ance4 ,y w see t x is contr>y to common s5se to cut great blocks ( /one into little bits1 & t :5 ! qu>ries supply ^? only1 x is reasonable to employ !m accord+ to _! natural dim5sions1 & to adapt ! con/ruction to ! nature & height ( ! /ones4 ,"h we h l>ge blocks1 :5 we require !m1 b !y are n common4 ,9 %ort1 we ought to proce$1 z f> z possible1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! mat]ials :i* ! soil furni%es u 9 abundance40 ,! dra9 0 made1 ! vaults 7 turn$2 ! /eps d[n to ! cell>s 7 laid2 ! pl9? _h ris5 m ?an a y>d above ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 "t to ?9k ab\t /udy+ ! details ( ! elevations4 ,t ov]look+ ! g>d5 0 only r\ghly sket*$ out4 ,paul 0 hop+ t x w\ld pres5t a m regul> appe>ance ?an t ( ! entrance side4 ,he made a rem>k to t effect1 = ,paul _h se5 9 ! environs ( ,p>is1 _m c\ntry-h\ses t seem$ to him *>m+1 ) _! f\r pepp]-boxes at ! angles1 _! por* 9 ! v c5tre ( ! faade1 & _! z9c cre/+ on ! ro(4 ,he _h too high an op9ion ( 8 c\s9's ability to all[ himself to criticise ! faade ( 8 si/]'s h\se1 z design$ = ! entrance side2 b 9 8 he>t he w\ld h pref]r$ some?+ m con=mable to ! laws ( symmetry4 ,^? w9d[s ( all =ms & dim5sions %ock$ 8 ta/e a little4 ,:5 ! faade on ! g>d5 side 7,fig4 #bi7 0 sket*$--a frontage :i*1 ?is "t1 pres5t$ a symmetrical aspect--,paul decl>$ himself satisfi$ ) x2 & 9 ! ev5+1 ! family be+ assembl$1 he ask$ :y ! entrance front did n pres5t ! symmetrical arrangem5ts :i* delight$ him on ! g>d5 side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 8,because10 said ,eugne1 8on ! g>d5 side our plan gives u rooms :i* are ! c\nt]p>ts ( ea* o!r1 ( equal dim5sions & correspond+ purposes2 :ile on ! entrance side we h v div]se s]vices 9 juxtaposition4 ,! "q y raise1 ,paul1 is a v l>ge "o4 ,two me?ods may be foll[$4 ,on ! "o h&1 y may plan a symmetrical ar*itectural cas+1 9 :i* y try1 z be/ y c1 to accommodate ! s]vices requir$ by a habitation4 ,or1 on ! o!r h&1 y may arrange ^! s]vices1 9 plan1 accord+ to _! importance1 _! respective place1 & ! relations t are to be e/abli%$ betwe5 !m1 & erect ! cas+ s z to suit ^! s]vices1 )\t tr\bl+ y\rself to obta9 a symmetrical appe>ance4 ,:5 x is propos$ to erect an edifice ^: ext]ior aspect is de/9$ to exhibit a gr& unity ( design1 x is desirable to endeav\r to satisfy ! rules ( symmetry1 & to take c>e t ! build+ %all n pres5t ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 built piecemeal4 ,9 a private habitation x is imp]ative fir/ to satisfy ! requirem5ts ( its inhabitants1 & n to incur ne$less exp5se4 ,! habitations ( ! ,anci5ts 7 n symmetrical1 any m ?an ^? ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,symmetry /rictly appli$ to dome/ic ar*itecture is a mod]n conceit--an affectation--a false int]pretation ( ! rules obs]v$ dur+ ! be/ p]iods ( art4 ,! h\ses ( ,pompeii are n symmetrical3 ! c\ntry-h\se--! villa--( :i* ,pl9y has left u a complete description1 did n pres5t a symmetrical ensemble4 ,! ca/les1 manors1 & h\ses built dur+ ! ,middle ,ages are any?+ b symmetrical4 ,la/ly1 9 ,engl&1 9 ,holl&1 9 ,sw$51 9 ,hanov]1 & 9 a l>ge "p ( ,g]many1 y may see numb]s ( dwell+s wond]fully appropriate to ! ne$s ( _! inhabitants1 :i* are con/ruct$ )\t reg>d to symmetry1 b :i* are nev]!less v conv5i5t & elegant 9 appe>ance1 f ! simple fact t !y cle>ly indicate _! purpose4 8,i "k t !re are _m p]sons q dispos$ to put !mselves to inconv5i5ce e day1 9 ord] to h ! va9 pleasure ( exhibit+ regul> & monum5tal faades outside2 b ,i ?9k y\r si/] is n "o ( ^? p]sons1 & !re=e ,i h n hesitat$ to proce$ accord+ to :at ,i conceive to be ! law ( common s5se 9 mak+ ! designs = h] habitation4 ,i c fancy h] ask+ me1 ) h] quiet1 & slightly ironical smile-- 8#8,:y1 my de> c\s91 did y make me s l>ge a w9d[ 9 ?is small room8 ,we %all h to /op up half ( x4'444 ,or1 #8,:y did y n give me a w9d[ on ?is side1 :]e ! view is s pretty8' 8,if ,i repli$ t x 0 to satisfy ! laws ( symmetry1 %e w\ld p]haps h laugh$ outright1 &1 9 petto1 might probably h ?\ght t h] respect$ c\s9 0 aft] all a fool1 ) 8 #8laws ( symmetry4'0 8,alas60 said ,m4 de ,g&elau1 8!re are too _m p 9 our c\ntry ) :om consid]ations ( vanity take prec$5ce ( ev]y?+ else1 & t is "o ( ! causes ( our mis=tunes4 ,appe>ance is ! great object4 ,e retir$ b\rgeois :o has a c\ntry-h\se built1 wi%es to h 8 turrets regul>ly dispos$ at ! corn]s ( a build+1 symmetrical1 inde$1 b 9 :i* he is v indiff]5tly lodg$--satisfi$ if ?is inconv5i5t erection is call$ ! *teau1 int]nal com=t be+ sacrific$ to ! gratification ( exhibit+ outside bad /ucco c>v+s1 z9c ornam5ts on ! ro(1 & a quantity ( nons5sical decorations :i* h to be r5ew$ e spr+4 ,build u !n1 c\s91 a good h\se1 well %elt]$ f ! sun & ra91 ?or\ghly dry )91 & 9 :i* no?+ is sacrific$ to t debas$ luxury :i* is a ?\s& times m (f5sive 9 our c\ntry di/ricts ?an x is 9 ! city40 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,build+ ,,9 ,,elevation4 8,x is decid$ t we are to build our ext]ior walls ) dress$ /one & range-"w10 said ,eugne1 :ile !y 7 levell+-up to ! gr\nd-floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 8,we h a good "p ( ! mat]ials on ! gr\nd4 ,z reg>ds /ones ( l>ge size1 we %all get !m f ! qu>ries ( ,le ,blanc1 :i* are only a mile or two di/ant4 ,our quo9s1 our door & w9d[-op5+s1 our /r+-c\rses1 cornices1 dorm]-w9d[s1 & gable-cop+s1 w be made ( dress$ /one4 ,let u beg9 ) ! quo9s4 ,?is is h[ y w give ! details to ,bran*u2 x is a v simple matt]4 ,9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry !y sell /one by ! scantl+2 t is to say1 ! qu>ries supply x accord+ to a measure /ipulat$ be=eh&1 & ! price p] cubic foot is less 9 proportion to ! uni=mity ( ! ord]1 & ! ease ) :i* x is execut$4 ,n[ our walls on ! gr\nd-floor are #b feet ?ick3 let ,a be "o ( ! corn]s 7,fig4 #cj72 = ^! y w require /ones all ( ! same scantl+--#b ft #aj 94 long by #b feet wide1 & a mean height ( #ah in*es1 :i* is ! av]age ?ickness ( ! b$s 9 ! qu>ries ( ?is di/rict4 ,& ^! quo9 /ones w be plac$ z ,i h m>k$ "h1 "o a b c d1 ! o!r a e f g1 ! result ( :i* w be t ea* /one w =m alt]nately on "o side & ! o!r a bond ( #aj in*es4 ,! range-"w hav+ its c\rses ab\t #f in*es ?ick1 we %all h ?ree c\rses ( ! range-"w 9 ! height ( ea* c\rse ( dress$ /one1 & ! build+ z x rises w pres5t ! appe>ance indicat$ by ! p]spective sket* ,b4 ,betwe5 ! pl9? m\ld & ! /r+-c\rse ( ! fir/ floor we h #ad feet2 n9e c\rses ( /one1 plus ! mort> b$s1 !re=e1 w con/itute its height4 ,let u see h[ we are to arrange our w9d[-cas+s4 ,we mu/ consid] h[ to place ! jal\sies1 :i* _c be disp5s$ ) 9 ! c\ntry1 b :i* :5 fold$ back on ! face ( ! walls produce a disagreeable effect1 v soon beg9 to get out ( repair1 & are tr\blesome to %ut or op51 impos+ on ! inmates ( ! dwell+ a gymna/ic ex]cise f :i* !y w\ld gladly be excus$4 ,int]ior reveals w be requir$ suffici5tly deep = ! casem5ts1 n to be flu% ) ! walls1 & to leave a space betwe5 !m & ! curta9s4 ,our wide/ w9d[s are #d feet wide 9 ! cle>2 our walls1 on ! gr\nd-floor1 are #b feet ?ick2 we c !re=e f9d a place = ! jal\sies 9 ! cas+1 only on condition ( divid+ ea* ( ^! leaves into two or ?ree folds4 ,only ^? made ( %eet iron w all[ u to manage ?is1 because ?ree %eets fold$ back on !mselves are only #b in*es ?ick1 includ+ ! room left = ! play ( ! h+es4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! me?od giv5 79 ,fig4 #ca7 ( arrang+ ! jambs ( ! w9d[s3 ! outside be+ at ,a1 we w leave a ?ickness1 ,b1 to mask ! leaves ( ! jal\sies fold$ up 9 ! jamb ( #d in*es4 ,we w all[ a space ( #aj in*es = ^! leaves at ,c4 ,!n w come ! w9d[-frame1 #b in*es ?ick2 total1 #ag in*es4 ,we %all !n h left #g in*es ( reveal inside at ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 8,y see at ,e h[ we %all build ^! w9d[-op5+s3 a sill1 ,f1 ( a s+le block ( /one2 !n a c\rse1 ,g1 #af to #ah in*es high1 bond+ into ! range-"w2 a /one on end1 ,h1 only ! ?ickness ( ! cas+2 a ?ird c\rse1 ,i1 l t m>k$ ,g2 & la/ly1 ! l9tel4 ,we w make ?is only ! ?ickness ( ! cas+1 t is1 #ad in*es2 we %all h left #i in*es1 exactly space en\gh to turn an ar* ( bricks1 ,k 7^! be+ #i in*es long1 & ) ! jo9t #i in*es74 ,?is ar* w be> our joi/s1 if !re are any t h to re/ 9 ! out] walls1 & x w h9d] a fracture ( ! l9tels4 ,besides ?is we w pass a tie-b>1 ,l1 "u ! latt]4 ,i f9d ! tie-b> m effective at ?is level ?an at ! level ( ! floor+4 ,a tie-b> is an iron s9ew plac$ 9 ! ?ickness ( ! walls to b9d & keep 9 place ! :ole con/ruction4 ,x is n always plac$ 9 h\ses built 9 c\ntry di/ricts1 b x is unwise to omit x--inde$1 a v poor economy to d s2 = a build+ n ti$ is liable to be easily crack$4 ,b we %all speak ( ?is aga9 at ! prop] "t4 ,make a fair copy ( ^! sket*es & %[ !m to me2 & we w give ^! details to ,bran*u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 8,we mu/ also decide h[ we %all con/ruct ! floors4 ,9 ,p>is1 at ! pres5t day1 !y con/ruct all ! floors ) joi/s ( d\ble ,t iron1 & = be>+s ( #af to #bj feet !y take iron #d to #f in*es 9 v]tical section4 ,!y pug ^! iron joi/s--plac$ ab\t #bh in*es ap>t1 & connect$ at int]vals ( ab\t a y>d1 by iron tie-b>s 94 squ>e--) pla/] concrete4 ,?is is no bad me?od1 c]ta9ly2 b "h we h nei!r ! iron joi/s1 :i* are s easily procur$ at ! great c5tres1 nor ! pla/]-(-,p>is1 :i* is p]haps too lavi%ly us$ 9 ! capital1 b :i* is nev]!less an excell5t mat]ial :5 x is prop]ly employ$1 especially = ! int]ior4 ,we mu/ con/ruct ! floors ) wood4 ,b ,i h already told y t timb]s :i* h n be5 soak$ = "s "t1 & :i* h be5 cut sc>cely two ye>s1 decay v rapidly :5 enclos$1 *iefly 9 _! be>+s1 t is _! extremities built 9 ! walls4 ,to prev5t our floors giv+ u anxiety respect+ _! durability1 we mu/ leave ! timb]s visible1 & n build !m 9 ! walls4 ,we w1 !re=e1 adopt ! sy/em ( be>]s atta*$ to ! walls to receive ! be>+s ( ! joi/s2 & z we h small oak trunks1 we w cont5t ourselves ) squ>+ !m on two faces1 & place !m diagonally1 z ,i %[ y "h 7,fig4 #cb74 ,= be>+s ( #af to #bj feet1 :i* are ! l>ge/ we h1 timb]s #g in*es squ>e w be suffici5t4 ,if we ?9k !m insuffici5t we w put an int]m$iate beam2 t rema9s to be se54 ,^! joi/s1 diagonally plac$1 pres5t moreov] _! maximum ( resi/ance to deflection4 ,we w place !m at #bj in*es f c5tre to c5tre4 ,_! be>+s w be 9 ! not*es made 9 ! be>]s1 z m>k$ at ,a1 & ! s(fits--:i* are ! spaces betwe5 ! joi/s--w be made ) bricks plac$ flat-ways1 ov]laid ) mort> & pla/]$ b5ea?4 ,we may decorate ^! ceil+s ) l9e pa9t+1 :i* r5d]s !m light & agreeable to ! sight1 z at ,h4 ,joi/s ?us plac$ d n pres5t int]nal angles difficult to keep clean1 & among :i* spid]s sp9 _! webs4 ,a du/ ) a s(t bru% readily cleans ^! s(fits4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 8,z to ! be>]s ,b1 7plac$ aga9/ ! wall1 z section ,c %[s71 !y w be support$ by corbels1 ,d1 a y>d ap>t at mo/1 & by cramps1 ,i1 to prev5t ^! timb]s f giv+ out4 ,?is arrangem5t w take ! place ( ^? cornices run 9 pla/]1 :i* are ( no use1 & :i* we c\ld n get execut$ prop]ly 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 :]e we h no good workm5 9 pla/]4 ,:5 p>titions above h to be support$1 we w put a special joi/1 ! section ( :i* ,i h sket*$ = y at ,e1 compos$ ( two pieces1 a & b1 ) an iron plate betwe5 !m--! :ole fa/5$ toge!r by iron p9s at int]vals4 ,joi/s l ?is are p]fectly rigid4 8,z ! joi/s re/ on be>]s1 we h no ne$ to tr\ble ourselves ab\t ! w9d[s1 b we %all require trimm]s at ! *imney-brea/s & "u ! he>?s1 &--to receive ^! trimm]s--trimm]-joi/s4 ,y w easily see t x w\ld be dang]\s to lay pieces ( wood "u fireplaces4 ,accord+ly1 we place on ! two sides ( ! jambs ( ^! fireplaces1 at a di/ance ( #ab in*es f ! he>?-/ones1 /rong] joi/s1 :i* receive at #cb or #cf in*es f ! wall--to cle> ! wid? ( ! fireplace--a piece call$ a trimm]1 into :i* ! joi/s are t5on$4 8,= ! trimm]-joi/s we w take ! type previ\sly indicat$ at ,e2 we %all /r5g!n 7,fig4 #cc7 ?is beam 9 its be>+ ) a block1 ,d1 re/+ on a /rong /one corbel4 ,we w b9d ! two pieces1 ,e & ,d1 by an iron /rap1 ,f1 & frame ! trimm] by a t5on1 ,h1 9 ! mortise ,g4 ,?is trimm] w receive1 l ! be>]s1 ! ends ( ! joi/s at ,i4 ,! space1 ,g ,k1 w be ! "u side ( ! he>? ( ! fireplace above2 x w be #cb in*es wide1 & w be b$d$ ) brick1 laid on tie-pieces ( iron1 ,l4 ,^! trimm]-joi/s1 ,e1 w h to be let into ! wall ab\t #d in*es1 to r5d] !m firm & b9d ! /ructure2 b 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! flues we h no reason to fe> ! effect ( damp on ! wood4 ,to sum up1 ?is is ! appe>ance ( ^! joi/s & trimm]s und]nea? ! fireplaces 7,fig4 #cd740 ,all ?is1 x mu/ be confess$1 appe>$ r /range to ,paul1 accu/om$ z he 0 to ! inv>iable smoo? :ite ceil+1 & :o _h nev] suspect$ t su* level surfaces c\ld hide su* a framework4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,obs]vations ,,address$ ,,to ,,eug,,ne ,,by ,,paul1 ,,& ,,! ,,replies ,,made ,,to ,,!m4 ,paul1 ) 8 head b5t ov] ! pap] cov]$ ) sket*es1 & 8 h&s betwe5 8 knees1 c\ld n help ?9k+1 = 8 "p1 t 8 c\s9 0 cov]+ a good deal ( pap] 9 mak+ ceil+s1 :]eas !y _h always seem$ to him ! simple/ ?+ 9 ! _w1 & ! lea/ susceptible ( complication4 ,9 8 own m9d1 9 fact1 ,paul made sc>cely any di/9ction betwe5 a %eet ( pap] /ret*$ on a bo>d1 & a ceil+4 ,s :5 ,eugne _h repeat$ ! phrase1 8,is x q cle> to y80 ,paul hesitat$ a little1 & said1 8,i ?9k s10 add+1 aft] a pause-- 8,b1 c\s91 :y n make floors & ceil+s z !y d ev]y:]e else80 8,x seems to y a complicat$ affair1 my de> fell[10 repli$ ,eugne1 8& y w\ld l to simplify ! matt]40 8,x is n exactly t10 rejo9$ ,paul2 8b h[ d !y manage x g5]ally2 d !y employ all ^! contrivances8 ,i h n se5 :at y call be>]s1 & trimm]-joi/s1 & trimm]s & corbels1 9 any ( ! ceil+s ,i am acqua9t$ )4 ,x is possible1 !n1 to disp5se ) !m1 is x n80 8,none ( ^! appliances are disp5s$ ) 9 ceil+s ( c>p5try "w1 b !y are conceal$ by a coat ( pla/]2 &1 z ,i 0 tell+ y j n[1 ?is cov]+ ( pla/] is "o ( ! causes ( ! decay ( wood5 floor+s4 ,9 all ^! floor+s !re are trimm]-joi/s & trimm]s next ! flues & he>?s2 sometimes !re are also be>]s4 ,all ?is is b\nd toge!r by iron "w1 to =m a rigid fram+ betwe5 two plane surfaces ) z little space z possible betwe5 !m4 ,9 ,p>is1 :]e ! h\ses are v dry1 ?is me?od is /ill all[able2 b 9 ! c\ntry x is difficult to obviate ! damp1 & inclos$ ceil+s ( ?is k9d run ! risk ( soon fall+ into decay4 ,! timb]s mu/ be expos$ to ! air1 7,i say once m7 if we w\ld pres]ve !m4 ,?is framework ( wood5 floor+s exi/s 9 all t are con/ruct$ ) ^! mat]ials1 only y d n see x4 ,n[ x is desirable 9 ar*itecture to make use ( ! necessities ( ! con/ruction z a means ( decoration1 & frankly to ackn[l$ge ^? necessities4 ,!re is no?+ discr$itable 9 all[+ !m to be se52 & x is a m>k ( good ta/e1 good s5se & k1 to exhibit !m by mak+ !m contribute to ! decoration ( ! "w4 ,9 fact1 to p ( good ta/e & good s5se1 ?is is ! only k9d ( decoration t is satisfactory1 because x alone is sugge/$ by ! requirem5ts4 8,we h accu/om$ ourselves 9 ,france to decide ev]y?+1 b especially que/ions ( ,art1 by :at is call$ s5tim5t4 ,?is is a conv5i5t /ate ( ?+s = _m p]sons1 :o presume to talk ab\t ,art )\t hav+ ev] _h a pair ( compasses1 a p5cil1 a modell+ tool1 or a pa9t-bru% 9 _! h&s2 & pr(essional m5 h gradually lo/ ! habit ( reason+1 f9d+ x easi] to take refuge 9 ! conclusions ( ^? amateurs :o fill pages :ile really say+ no?+ to ! purpose1 & 9 s do+ flatt] ! ta/e ( ! public :ile p]v]t+ x4 ,little by little1 ar*itects !mselves1 :o ( all arti/s %\ld make good use ( reason+ 9 _! conceptions1 h acquir$ ! habit ( conc]n+ !mselves only ) appe>ances1 & no long] try+ to make ^! h>monize ) ! necessities ( ! /ructure4 ,at la/ ^! necessities h come to be look$ at by !m z annoyances2 !y h conceal$ !m s completely1 t ! skeleton ( an edifice--if ,i may s call x--is no long] 9 h>mony ) ! dress x puts on4 ,we see on ! "o h& a /ructure1--(t5 left to ! m]cy ( contractors1 :o manage x z be/ !y c1 b naturally 9 subs]vi5ce to _! own int]e/s1--on ! o!r h& a =m :i* indiff]5tly suits t /ructure4 ,) y\r p]mission1 !n1 we w n foll[ ?is example1 b w produce a build+1 unassum+ x may be1 yet "o 9 :i* n a detail %all be f\nd t is n ! result ei!r ( a necessity ( ! /ructure or ( ! requirem5ts ( its occupants4 ,x w n co/ u m on t acc\nt2 & :5 ! "w is complet$1 we %all re/ satisfi$ t !re has be5 no?+ disguis$ nor factiti\s1 nor useless1 9 :at we h produc$1 & t ! ar*itectural organism we h built w always all[ u to see its organs1 & h[ ^! organs p]=m _! functions40 8,h[ is x1 !n10 rejo9$ ,paul1 8t s _m ar*itects d n %[ 7z y propose to d "h7 ^? necessities ( ! con/ruction1 b disguise !m8 ,:y d !y act 9 t way8 ,:o obliges !m to d s80 8,x w\ld take a long "t to expla9 t to y40 ,m4 de ,g&elau ent]$ at ^! la/ words ( ! conv]sation4 8,we h worse & worse news10 said he4 8,! ,g]man armies are spread+ ev]y:]e2 we mu/ expect to see ! enemy "h4 ,poor ,france6444 ,b :at 7 y say+80 8,no?+10 repli$ ,eugne1 8t c h any int]e/ 9 pres5ce ( our disa/]s4444 ,i 0 try+ to make ,paul und]/& t 9 ar*itecture we %\ld n disguise any ( ! means ( con/ruction1 & t x is ev5 9 ! int]e/ ( ?is art to avail itself ( !m z a basis = decoration2 t1 9 a ^w1 we %\ld be s9c]e1 t we %\ld reason & tru/ only to ourselves----0 8,c]ta9ly60 rejo9$ ,m4 de ,g&elau1 8y lay y\r f+] on our plague-spot z a nation---- ,to reason1 to tru/ only to ourselves1 to get a cle> idea ( ev]y?+ & ( e fact by /udy & lab\r1 to leave no?+ to *ance1 to disguise no?+ f "o's self or f o!rs2 n to take phrases = facts----n to fancy ourselves protect$ by tradition or r\t9e---- ,yes1 ?is is :at we %\ld h done---- ,x is too late1 & :o c tell :e!r1 aft] ! mis=tunes :i* ,i anticipate1 our c\ntry w recov] en\gh ela/icity1 pati5ce1 & wisdom to leave s5tim5t & keep to reason & s]i\s "w6 ,try to tea* ,paul to reason1 to habituate himself to me?od1 to acquire a love = m5tal lab\r2 & :e!r he becomes an ar*itect1 an eng9e]1 a soldi]1 a manufactur]1 or an agriculturi/ l myself1 y w h r5d]$ him ! mo/ valuable s]vice4 ,above all1 may he nev] become a m]e half-savant1 half-arti/1 or a half-practition] 9 any dep>tm5t--writ+ or talk+ ab\t ev]y?+1 b incapable ( do+ any?+ himself4 ,"w6 ,! m s9i/] ! "* ( ! news we receive1--! m heavily !y weigh ^u our he>ts1--! m en]getically %\ld we give ourselves to useful & practical lab\r4 ,lam5tations are to no purpose4 ,"w60 8,let u g & look at ! build+10 said ,eugne1 :o saw t ,paul cont9u$ 9 a m$itative mood1 & 0 sc>cely incl9$ to set to "w aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--,,view ,,( ,,! ,,build+ ,,op]ations ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,build+4 ,! build+ 0 beg9n+ to assume a def9ite %ape2 ! plan 0 becom+ visible above ! gr\nd4 ,ab\t tw5ty masons & /onecutt]s1 f\r c>p5t]s & _! help]s1 enliv5$ ?is qu>t] ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,c>ts fill$ ) bricks1 s& & lime1 7 com+ 94 ,two timb]-sawy]s 7 cutt+ up trunks ( trees into planks2 a small movable =ge _h be5 light$ "u ! %elt] ( a clump ( trees1 & 0 us$ = repair+ tools1 ) ! prospect ( be+ call$ into requisition = =g+ iron /raps1 cramps1 b&s1 & l9tel b>s4 ,a beautiful autumnal sun 0 %$d+ a w>m b subdu$ light on ! busy sc5e4 ,?is spectacle succe$$ 9 effac+ f ,paul's m9d ! gloomy impression left by 8 fa!r's words4 ,"u ?is aspect "w did n seem to him inve/$ ) t h>% & rugg$ =m :i* _h at fir/ some:at sc>$ our holiday pupil4 ,paul proce$$ !re=e to foll[ 8 c\s9 ov] ! gr\nd z an att5tive cl]k ( works 7,fig4 #ce71 li/5+ ) great c>e to 8 obs]vations4 8,"h is a /one1 ,ma/] ,bran*u10 said ,eugne1 8:i* mu/ n be put 92 x has a flaw1 & z x w\ld be a l9tel1 x mu/ be reject$40 8,b1 sir1 ! flaw doesn't g f>40 8,f> or n1 ,i disall[ x1--d y und]/&8 ,paul1 y w take c>e t x be n laid4444 ,obs]ve ?is little *9k t is b>ely visible2 /rike ! /one ) ?is hamm] on bo? sides4 ,j s2 ! r+ ( ! /one is dull on ?is side2 well1 t proves to y t x is n s\nd1 & ) ! help ( ! fro/ ?is piece on ! "r side w sep>ate f its neighb\r4444 ,"h are "s bricks t y w n let !m use3 see h[ crack$ !y are2 ^! :ite spots too 444 !y are p>ticles ( lime/one :i* ! fire has conv]t$ into lime4 ,:5 ! damp acts ^u !m ^! p>ticles ( lime swell & bur/ ! brick4 ,y mu/ take c>e be=e all[+ bricks to be us$ to h !m well moi/5$4 ,^? :i* conta9 portions ( lime w fall to pieces & s w n be us$40 8,b1 my good sir10 said ,bran*u1 8x isn't my fault2 ! bricks are n my bus9ess40 8,no2 b x is y\r bus9ess to s5d back ^? t are defective to ! brickmak]1 & n to pay him = !m1 s9ce y h und]tak5 to get !m suppli$2 t w tea* him to cle> 8 gr\nd ?or\ghly ( bits ( lime/one4 ,!re is "s s& ) clay 9 x1 see h[ x /icks to "o's f+]s6 ,ma/] ,bran*u1 ,i mu/ h none b good co>se s&2 y "k well :]e t is to be got4 ,?is has be5 tak5 f ! edge ( ! pit2 x is good = no?+ b to be put 9 ! haun*es ( ! cell> vaults = fill+ up2 d n all[ x to be us$ 9 ! mort>--y und]/&1 ,paul6 ,mort> requires well granulat$ clean s&1 ! gra9s ( :i* d n adh]e to ea* o!r2 & obs]ve1--be=e us+ x h a few bucketfuls ( wat] ?r[n on ! heap4 ,take c>e1 too1 t ! mort> is n mix$ on ! gr\nd1 b on a wood plat=m4 ,y h done s hi!rto1 t is q "r2 b take c>e t x is nev] made 9 any o!r way2 if y are 9 a hurry = x1 & "o plat=m is n en\gh1 h two4 ,be v c>eful too1 ,paul1 to see t ! /ones are all well b$d$ 9 mort>40 8,oh6 y ne$n't tr\ble y\rself1 sir1 ,i nev] d o!rwise40 8,yes1 ,i "k v well1 t = basem5ts & h>d /one ?is is pretty sure to be att5d$ to2 b high] up y\r workm5 are v apt to lay ! /ones on w$ges & run ! b$s ) liquid mort>1 :i* is easi]4 ,be v c>eful ab\t ?is1 ,paul4 ,all ! /ones ought to be laid ov] _! place1 on ?ick w$ges1 leav+ a void ( two & a half to ?ree in*es2 ! mort> ought to be spread bel[ ov] ! :ole surface1 & be ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick2 !n take away ! f\r w$ges1 & ! /one settl+ d[n on ! mort>1 x mu/ be /ruck ) a great wood5 beetle till ! jo9t is only ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ev]y:]e1 & ! surplus mort> is press$ out all r\nd----0 8,"h are "s holl[ b$s1 ,ma/] ,bran*u2 y mu/ h !m re-dress$40 8,:at is a holl[ b$80 said ,paul to 8 c\s91 9 a :isp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 8,x is a concave b$ surface ( a /one10 repli$ ,eugne1 & add$1 tak+ 8 note-book3 8,"h 7,fig4 #cf71 y c und]/& t if ! b$ ( a /one pres5ts ! section ,a ,b1 ! middle ,c be+ m holl[ ?an ! edges1 ! /one 9 "q re/s on ! latt] only2 consequ5tly if ! pressure is consid]able ! corn]s ,d ,e split (f2 we !n say t ! /one is flu%$4 ,x is bett] t ! surfaces %\ld be made z sket*$ at ,g1 & %\ld n re/ ^u _! edges4 8,till n[1 ,ma/] ,bran*u1 y h be5 rais+ y\r build+ by means ( runs or incl9$ planes1 b we are gett+ high2 we %all soon want scaffold+4 8,z we are build+ ) range-"w1 us+ dress$ /one above ! pl9? only at ! angles1 & = ! door & w9d[ cas+s1 y w leave scaffold+ holes betwe5 ^! wall /ones4 ,!n y w only want scaffold+-poles & put-logs4 ,= rais+ ! mat]ial ! c>p5t] is go+ to make y a hoi/1 & y w employ ! crab :i* ,i %all h s5t f ,*ateaur\x1 :]e ,i h no use = x j n[40 8,if x's ! same to y1 sir1 ,i pref] our ma*9e40 8,:at6444 y\r :eel conc]n1 9 :i* y put a c\ple ( m5 l squirrels80 8,yes40 8,well1 z y l2 nev]!less ,i mean to s5d = ! crab2 y %all try x40 8,9 fact10 said ,eugne aside to ,paul1 88 ma*9e1 :i* dates1 ,i believe1 f ! ,t[] ( ,babel1 raises ! loads1 :5 !y are n too heavy1 mu* m easily ?an our w9*es2 & z we h no v heavy /ones to raise1 we w n oppose 8 wi%es on ?is po9t40 ,& turn+ to ! ma/] mason3 8,x is a settl$ matt]1 ,ma/] ,bran*u1 t we d n all[ any aft]-dress+1 except = "s v delicate m\ld+s or *amf]s if occasion requires2 y w set y\r /ones completely dress$ ) only "h & !re a little ?ickness to be work$ (f40 8,c]ta9ly1 ,mr4 ,ar*itect1 c]ta9ly2 ,i w\ld r build l t40 8,s mu* ! bett]1 ,i am glad ( x40 ,& address+ ,paul3 8,i "k no?+ m injuri\s ?an ! cu/om t prevails 9 "s great cities ( aft]-dress+ build+s4 ,r\gh blocks are laid2 !n :5 all is built1 up !y g & cut1 p>e1 s9k1 scrape1 m\ld1 & c>ve ^! %apeless masses1 mo/ frequ5tly reg>dless ( ! jo9t+2 )\t consid]+ t !y ?us take away1 especially f s(t /one1 t h>d cru/ :i* x =ms on its surface :5 newly cut on leav+ ! qu>ry1 & :i* resi/s ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r2 a cru/ :i* is nev] =m$ aga9 :5 ! mat]ials h once produc$ x & h ?r[n (f :at is call$ _! qu>ry-damp4 ,happily1 9 _m ( our prov9ces ! excell5t cu/om has be5 reta9$ ( cutt+ ea* /one on ! gr\nd1 once = all1 9 t =m :i* x is p]man5tly to keep2 & :5 once laid1 ! /one-cutt]'s tool does n t\* x aga94 ,indep5d5tly ( ! advantage ,i h j po9t$ out to y1 ?is me?od requires m c>e & att5tion on ! "p ( ! dress]s1 & x is n possible !n to put ! b$s & jo9ts any:]e at r&om4 ,ea* /one1 on ?is plan1 has its prop] de/9ation1 & consequ5tly ! =m suitable to its place4 ,la/ly1 :5 a build+ is once rais$1 x is f9i%$3 !re is no occasion to d any?+ m to x4 ,i mu/ add1 t ?is me?od requires on ! "p ( ! ar*itect1 a complete & f9i%$ /udy ( ea* "p ( ! "w at e /age 9 8 arrangem5t ( ! p>ts ( ! /ructure40 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,paul ,,feels ,,! ,,necessity ,,( ,,improv+ ,,himself ,,9 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,draw+4 ,"o ?+ a/oni%$ ,paul1--! facility ) :i* 8 c\s9 c\ld express ) a few /rokes ( 8 p5cil :at he wi%$ to expla94 ,8 p]spective sket*es1 above all1 seem$ to him m>vell\s2 & our "y ar*itect began1 on 8 "p1 to try to indicate on pap] ! =ms he wi%$ to ma/]2 b1 to 8 great disappo9tm5t1 he succe$$ only 9 produc+ a m]e m$ley ( l9es :i* 0 incompreh5sible1 ev5 to himself1 a qu>t] ( an h\r aft]w>ds4 ,yet 9 draw+ out 8 memor&a1 to :i* 8 c\s9 atta*$ importance1 he c\ld n b feel t ! means employ$ by 8 *ief w\ld be v useful to him if he c\ld acquire !m4 ,"o day1 !re=e1 aft] hav+ sp5t sev]al h\rs at ! works 9 endeav\r+ to get a cle> idea1 by sket*+ !m1 ( ! =m ( "s work$ /ones1 b )\t succe$+ 9 obta9+ a result ev5 tol]ably satisfactory1 ,paul w5t to 8 c\s9's /udy1 & said to him-- 8,:at ,i h le>n$ ( l9e> draw+ is evid5tly n en\gh to enable me to r5d] on pap] ! =ms :i* y are able to expla9 s readily by a sket*2 ,i beg y !re=e1 c\s91 to tea* me h[ to set ab\t repres5t+ cle>ly :at ,i h be=e me1 or :at ,i wi% to expla940 8,i l to see y s anxi\s to le>n1 ,paul2 inde$1 ?is is half ! battle1 ?\gh only ! half1 & 9 fact ! easi] "o4 ,i %all n be able to tea* y 9 eight days1 nor ev5 9 six mon?s1 ! art ( draw+ ) facility ei!r ! objects y see1 or ^? :i* y conceive 9 y\r bra92 b ,i w give y ! me?od y mu/ foll[2 & ) lab\r1--mu* lab\r & "t1--y w arrive1 if n at p]fection1 at lea/ at cle>ness & precision4 ,draw+ implies n m]e see+1 b consid]+ an object4 ,all :o are n bl9d1 see2 b h[ _m are !re :o "k h[ to see1 or :o 9 see+ reflect8 ,v few1 c]ta9ly2 because we are n habituat$ to ?is ex]cise f *ildhood4 ,all ! high] ord]s ( animals see z we d1 s9ce _! eyes are v simil> to ours2 !y h ev5 ! memory associat$ ) vision1 z !y recognize ! objects or ! be+s :i* !y l or dread or ( :i* !y make _! prey4 ,b ,i d n ?9k t animals acquire a notion ( bodies or surfaces o!rwise ?an by an in/9ctive faculty )\t ! int]v5tion ( :at we call reason+4 ,_m ( our fell[-m5 d n see 9 any o!r way2 b x is _! fault1 s9ce !y c\ld reason4 ,b t is n ! "q n[4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od ,i propose to y3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 8,y "k :at triangles & squ>es are2 y h /udi$ elem5t>y geometry1 & y seem to me to be tol]ably famili> ) x1 s9ce y c\ld evid5tly und]/& ! plans1 ! sections1 & ev5 ! projections ( bodies on a v]tical or horizontal plane2 or else my sket*es w\ld n h be5 intelligible to y4 ,i %\ld wi% y !re=e to take "s c>ds1 & draw+ to a scale on ea* ( !m ! v>i\s faces ( a /one y see work$1 y w cut out ^! surfaces ) scissors1 & ) ! help ( /rips ( pap] & pa/e y w jo9 !m1 s z to repres5t "o or two ( ^! pieces ( /one4 ,! little model w ?us become famili> to y2 y w "k h[ ! surfaces are jo9$1 & :at are ! angles !y =m4 ,9 ! ev5+1 by lamp-light1 y w place ^! little models be=e y 9 e possible position1 & copy !m z !y pres5t !mselves to y\r eyes1 tak+ c>e to indicate by a dott$ l9e ! junction l9es ( ! surfaces :i* y d n see4 ,/ay1--"h on my table is a rhomboh$ron ( wood1 :i*1 z y "k & see1 pres5ts six simil> & equal faces ^: sides are equal1 ea* ( ^! faces consi/+ ( two equilat]al triangles unit$ at _! base4 ,see 7,fig4 #cg71 ,i take ?is body betwe5 my f+]s by its two v]tices2 if ,i %[ x to y 9 su* a position t "o ( its faces is p>allel to ! plane ( vision1 ! two o!rs w pres5t !mselves obliquely 7z at ,a72 y see ?ree faces !re=e1 b !re are ?ree o!rs beh9d t are hidd5 f y4 ,h[ w\ld ^! pres5t !mselves if ?is body 7 transp>5t8 ,j z indicat$ by ! dott$ l9es4 ,if ,i make ! rhomboh$ron revolve betwe5 my f+]s1 s t two faces are p]p5dicul> to ! plane ( vision1 7z at ,b71 two faces only w cont9ue visible1 two o!rs w be hidd5 f me1 & two foll[ ! two l9es a b1 c d4 ,n[1 ,i pres5t ! rhomboh$ron s t none ( its faces are p>allel or p]p5dicul> to ! plane ( vision1--?us 7vide ,c47 ,well1 ,i %all /ill see ?ree faces1 b =e%ort5$--?r[n out ( %ape by p]spective2 & ! ?ree o!rs w be indicat$ by ! dott$ l9es4 ,9 ! ev5+s1 !re=e1 make z _m little models z y c1 repres5t+ ! /ones y h se5 at ! works1 & copy ^! little models 9 e position4 ,?r[ !m at r&om on ! table1 sev]al toge!r1 & copy :at y see2 m>k :at is hidd5 f y by a dott$ or f9] l9e4 ,:5 y h practis$ ?is = a week1 _m difficulties w h be5 already conqu]$4 ,& !n = fur!r advance40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,?is me?od pleas$ ,paul v mu*1 &1 )\t los+ "t1 ) ! help ( "s ( 8 memor&a1 he began to con/ruct a little model ( "o ( ! /ones ^: faces he _h measur$4 ,x 0 ! spr+] ( an ar* ) a return face4 ,he succe$$ 9 mak+ a tol]ably good model 9 c>d-bo>d1 :i* he pr\dly display$ on ! family table aft] d9n]1 & :i* he copi$ fir/ on its "u-b$1 !n z plac$ 9 v>i\s positions4 ,he w\ld h cont9u$ 8 "w all night1 s mu* 0 he fasc9at$ ) x1 & s _m int]e/+ discov]ies did x enable him to make1 if at elev5 o'clock ,madame de ,g&elau _h n w>n$ him t x 0 "t to g to b$4 ,paul _h "s tr\ble 9 gett+ to sleep1 & 8 dreams pres5t$ to him no?+ b c>d-bo>d models ( a v complicat$ description1 :i* he endeav\r$ unsuccessfully to put toge!r4 ,s he got up r late1 & on ent]+ 8 c\s9's room1 did n fail to attribute 8 t>dy appe>ance to ! bad night he _h pass$4 8,well10 said ,eugne1 8y h got ! descriptive geometry fev]2 s mu* ! bett]2 x _c be le>n$ well unless y h a passion = x4 ,we w "w at x toge!r :5 ! fro/ susp5ds our build+ op]ations & ! bad wea!r %uts u up "h4 ,an ar*itect mu/ be able to use descriptive geometry1 z we spell correctly1--)\t hav+ to ?9k ab\t x4 ,p]spective mu/ be absolutely famili> to him4 ,nei!r c be le>n$ too soon2 & x is only 9 e>ly y\? t ^! ?+s c be acquir$ s ?or\ghly z to give u no tr\ble at any "t to recall !m1 ev5 if we %\ld live a hundr$ ye>s4 ,y are a good swimm]2 & if y fall into ! wat] y h no ne$ to rem9d y\rself :at movem5ts y mu/ make to keep at ! surface or direct y\r c\rse3 well1 x is 9 ?is way y ought to "k geometry & p]spective2 only y mu/ give a little m "t to practis+ ?is ess5tial bran* ( our art ?an is requir$ = le>n+ to swim l a frog40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--,,plans ,,& ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,/airs4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,consid]ation ,,( ,,! ,,/aircases4 ,x 0 "t to give ! details requir$ = ! execution ( ! /aircases4 ,eugne _h told ,paul to prep>e ^! details2 b ,paul1 z may be imag9$1 _h n be5 v successful 9 accompli%+ 8 task1 & _h only furni%$ an imbroglio p]fectly un9telligible to o!rs z well z to himself1 not)/&+ ! summ>y h9ts giv5 by ! ar*itect 9 *ief4 8,come10 said ,eugne1 8we mu/ apply ourselves to ?is "w toge!r4 ,bran*u & ! c>p5t] are ask+ = details4 8,let u take fir/ ! pr9cipal /airs1 & m>k _! walls 7,fig4 #ci74 ,= ! height ( ! gr\nd floor we h #ae feet1 includ+ ! ?ickness ( ! floor+2 & ! /eps ought n to be m ?an #f in*es high1 ea* ( !m3 we mu/ !re=e reckon ?irty /eps f ! level ( ! gr\nd floor to ! level ( ! fir/ floor4 ,9 bread? or 9 tread--! t]m us$ by build]s--a /ep ought to be f #aj in*es to a foot1 to give an easy asc5t4 ,?irty /eps !re=e require an ext5sion ( f #be to #cj feet4 ,i ?9k ,i told y ?is be=e1 :5 we drew ! plan ( ! gr\nd floor4 ,if we take ! middle ( ! space res]v$ = ! /eps1 on our plan1 we f9d exactly #cj feet2 m>k+ !re=e ! /eps on ?is middle l9e1 & giv+ !m #aa in*es tread1 we c get two l&+-places 9 ! angles at ,a1 ,a4 ,we w make ^! /eps w9d s z to avoid %>p angles ne> ! newel4 ,! fir/ /ep w be at ,b1 ! la/ at ,c4 ,at ,d1 "u ! /airs1 we w make ! p>tition1 :i* w all[ u to =m ! wat]-closet at ,a4 ,s9ce at ! l&+-place1 ,a1 we h asc5d$ eighte5 /eps 7ea* #f in*es 9 height71 we %all h #h feet #f in*es "u ! ceil+1 :i* is m ?an suffici5t4 ,we w light x by a w9d[1 ,e4 ,! two w9d[s1 ,f1 w light ! /aircase & foll[ ! level ( ! /eps1 z ! elevation %[s4 ,= no?+ is m ridicul\s ?an to cut across w9d[s by ! /eps ( a /aircase2 & al?\gh ?is is done con/antly1 x is "o ( ! absurdities :i* a build] ought to avoid4 ,f ! s]vants' passage1 ,g1 ! wat]-closet w be ent]$ by ! door ,h4 8,let u n[ draw ! elevation1 or r ! v]tical projection ( ^! /airs4 ,?is is h[ we proce$3 we draw ! walls 9 elevation1 !n divide ! height to be asc5d$ into z _m p>ts z !re are to be /eps1 z ,i d at ,i4 ,project+ ^! divisions horizontally on ! elevation1 & ! ends ( ! /airs v]tically ) ! walls & ! newel1 indicat$ on ! plan1 we get1 by ! meet+ ( ^! two projections1 ! section ( ! /airs along ! walls & aga9/ ! newel4 8,!re we h x2 ! la/ /ep is !n at ,k1 on ! level ( ! floor ( ! fir/ /ory4 ,to rea* ! second /ory1 we h #ac feet #c in*es to asc5d f "o floor to ! next4 ,giv+ #f in*es to ea* /ep1 we get tw5ty-six /eps1 m9us a fraction :i* is n wor? c\nt+4 ,we %all !re=e pres]ve 9 plan ! draw+ ( ! fir/ revolution1 />t+ f ! /ep1 ,l1 :i* gives ?irte5 /eps to ! po9t ,m4 ,f ?is po9t we w draw ! ?irte5 rema9+ /eps to complete ! numb] tw5ty-six1 z ,i h m>k$ on ! supplem5t>y plan at ,n4 ,!n = ! elevation we w proce$ z above4 ,we %all ?us get ! g5]al section f ,v to ,x = ! two /ories4 ,! draw+ be+ complet$1 ! next "q is ( :at mat]ial ! /eps are to be made4 ,conta9$ betwe5 walls & a newel1 :i* is a wall itself1 we c1 if we ?9k well1 make !m ea* ( a s+le block ( /one4 ,h[ev]1 t is sc>cely practicable 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 because we %\ld h difficulty 9 procur+ h>d1 compact1 f9e /one1 suitable = ?is object4 ,we w !re=e cont5t ourselves ) mak+ ! fir/ /ep only ( /one1 & ! o!rs ( wood1 cov]+ !m ) good oak bo>d2 & to avoid ins]t+ !m 9 ! walls1 we w provide a project+-/r+ 9 /one1 =m+ a bracket+ along ! walls & ! newel1 to receive _! ends1 z %[n "h 7,fig4 #dj74 ,we w la? ^! /eps on ! und]side :]e !y are to be left 9 ! r\gh1 & plane !m only on ! face1 or ris]1 ,a4 ,t !y may be firm 9 _! place1 we w fa/5 !m ) /ays1 ,b1 :i* w be cov]$ by ! bo>ds =m+ ! tread1 & w be fix$ into ! holes1 ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 8,z reg>ds ! s]vants' w9d+ /aircase1 we w make x ( h>d /one1 ea* /ep c>ry+ a portion ( ! newel1 z sket*$ "h 7,fig4 #da74 8,n[ try to put ^! in/ructions 9 a regul> =m1 t y may be able to give ! details readily to ! mason & c>p5t]40 ,) consid]able lab\r ,paul succe$$ 9 mak+ a tol]ably complete draw+ f ! indications furni%$ by 8 c\s93 b ! latt] 0 oblig$ (t5 to help him2 = 8 cl]k 0 n an exp]t 9 elem5t>y descriptive geometry1 & ^! projections pres5t$ difficulties at e turn4 ,paul got into confusion ) 8 l9es1 took "o po9t = ano!r1 & w\ld _m a "t h ab&on$ compasses1 squ>e1 & draw+-p5 9 despair1 if ,eugne _h n be5 at h& to set him "r aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,critic4 ,x 0 ! end ( ,novemb]1 & ! wea!r _h hi!rto all[$ our build]s to make use ( e day4 ,! autumn sun 0 fav\rable to ! ent]prise1 & at sev]al po9ts ! h\se 0 rea*+ ! height ( ! w9d[-heads ( ! gr\nd floor4 ,nev]!less x requir$ all ,m4 de ,g&elau's det]m9ation to prev5t ! works f be+ susp5d$4 ,by degrees ! gr\nd 0 des]t$ by ! able-bodi$ workm51 :o 7 be+ call$ away to ! army4 ,^? :o rema9$ _h _! att5tion di/ract$1 & 7 n mak+ ! be/ use ( _! "t4 ,x 0 becom+ difficult to get ! haul+ done1 all ! horses & c>ts be+ press$ into ! s]vice ( ! c\ntry4 ,! prov9ce 0 furr[$ 9 e direction by ! tracks ( regim5ts mak+ = ! ,loire4 ,_m h\rs 7 sp5t 9 talk2 & e "o 0 anxi\sly expect+ news ( ! w>1 :i* assum$ an increas+ly gloomy aspect4 ,h[ev]1 ,orleans _h be5 re-occupi$ by ! ,fr5* troops1 & all hope did n seem lo/4 ,p>is 0 resi/+4 ,9 ! meantime an addition 0 made to ! circle at ,m4 de ,g&elau's *teau 9 ! p]son ( a fri5d ( ! family1 :o1 hav+ _h 8 prop]ty occupi$ & injur$ by ! ,g]mans1 _h be5 oblig$ to ab&on x = fe> ( worse1 & came to pay a visit to ,m4 de ,g&elau on 8 way to ! we/ ( ,france1 :]e he _h relations4 ,he 0 a man ( ab\t fifty or sixty ye>s ( age1 tall1 & ( frigid aspect1 ?\gh a p]petual smile seem$ /]eotyp$ on 8 face4 ,he might h be5 tak5 = a diplomati/ ( ! old /amp4 ,! new-com] _h read & travell$ mu*1 knew a little ( ev]y?+1 0 a memb] ( sev]al le>n$ societies1 & 8 op9ion c>ri$ a c]ta9 weight ) x 9 8 dp>tem5t4 ,he _h be5 a c&idate = ! legislature2 _h emb>k$ 9 manufactur+ speculations1 9 :i* he _h lo/ a good deal ( money2 !n 9 agricultural ent]prises1 b z !y ?reat5$ to +ulf ! rema9d] ( 8 =tune1 he ultimately re/$ cont5t ) ! !oretical side ( ?+s1 & ) publi%+ pamphlets on que/ions ( all k9ds1 pr9t$ at 8 own exp5se1 & lavi%ly circulat$4 ,e "o ( ^! bro*ures pr(ess$ to give a simple solution ( all ! difficulties 9 "q1 :e!r 9 ! doma9 ( politics1 sci5ce1 manufactures1 comm]ce1 & ev5 art4 ,build+ _h be5 "o ( 8 hobbies2 b z ar*itects appe>$ to him unpractical1 extravagant1 & imbu$ ) prejudices1 he _h tak5 ! sole direction ( 8 build+ op]ations1 mak+ 8 own b>ga9s1 treat+ directly ) ! contractors1 giv+ ! plans1 & sup]9t5d+ ! "w4 ,?is :im _h be5 a v co/ly "o1 & "o f9e morn+ 8 build+ fell to pieces4 ,z he _h no m fai? 9 eng9e]s ?an 9 ar*itects1 he _h det]m9$ to lay out roads on 8 e/ate1 & h !m made accord+ to a sy/em ( 8 own4 ,8 attempts 9 ?is l9e _h n be5 m successful ?an ^? 9 build+4 ,! roads p]si/$ 9 be+ impracticable4 ,b ,m4 ,durosay 7t 0 ! g5tleman's "n7 0 "o ( ^? p]sons :om exp]i5ce--ev5 ?\gh acquir$ at _! own exp5se--tea*es b little4 ,9 o!r respects he 0 a wor?y man2 he 0 extremely polite & oblig+--g5]\s ev5--especially t[>ds ^? :o _h ! art ( flatt]+ 8 :ims1 & :o1 ?r\gh int]e/ or conviction1 gave him cr$it = be+ an infallible judge 9 matt]s ( all k9ds4 ,if any "o _h come to consult him on any subject at ! mom5t he 0 ab\t to /ep into a railway c>riage1 he w\ld h let ! tra9 g r ?an n give a =mal judgm5t1 ) reasons 9 full4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t he judg$ ev]y?+ by an priori sy/em1 & w\ld li/5 ) only p>tial att5tion to ! p>ticul> reasons t t5d$ to modify its application to ! case 9 "q4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he w\ld all[ 8 positions to be discuss$1 & did n manife/ ! lea/ impati5ce if 8 op9ion 0 n %>$ by o!rs4 ,he 0 fond ( repeat+ ?is aphorism3 8,light emanates f ! %ock ( conflict+ ideas20--b ) ! und]/&+ t he always play$ ! "p ( ! produc]1 nev] t ( ! recipi5t4 ,a %ort "t aft] 8 arrival1 & :5 ! gloomy subjects ( conv]sation :i* 7 ! ord] ( ! day _h be5 exhau/$1 !y began to talk ab\t ,paul's h\se 7z x 0 ! cu/om at ! *teau to call x74 ,m4 ,durosay ask$ to see ! designs4 8,build+ & ,i are old acqua9tances2 ,i "k some?+ ab\t x10 said he4 ,eugne c\ld n repress a smile2 b ! speak] took no notice ( x1 8 mi%aps z a build] hav+ left no pa9ful recollections 9 8 m9d4 8,capital60 said ,m4 ,durosay1 :5 !y _h expla9$ ! plans to him1 & he _h exam9$ !m4 8,i h se5 h\ses 9 ,belgium some?+ l ?is4 ,!re are v good ideas "h2 x w be a v pleasant habitation if our fri5ds ! ,prussians let y f9i% x4444 ,w y all[ me to make "o or two rem>ks ab\t x80 8,c]ta9ly40 8,n t ,i presume = a mom5t to sugge/ any *ange 9 ^! plans1 :i* appe> to me admirable4444 ,b ,i h _h ! opportunity ( a wide field ( obs]vation & comp>ison4444 ,well1 !n1 to tell y frankly my fir/ impression1 ?is seems to me to h r ! "* ( a t[n-h\se1 :at we call a htel1 ?an a c\ntry-h\se4444 ,y w excuse my say+ s1 w y n8444 ,i d n und]/& a c\ntry-h\se ?us %ut 93 ,i %\ld l to see a portico r\nd x1 or at lea/ a wide v]&a2--w9d[s op5+ out--a m decid$ reflex ( ext]ior life40 8,b1 my de> fri5d10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau1 8,i expect t my *ildr5 w come & sp5d a good "p ( ! ye> "h2 x is no object ) !m to h "o ( ^? habitations 9 :i* p reside only = ! two or ?ree summ] mon?s1 & :]e !y ent]ta9 ! idl]s ( ! city2 !y want a good h\se1 :i* w p]fectly exclude w9d & wet1 :]e !y c live com=tably at e season ( ! ye>40 8,c]ta9ly--a v prop] consid]ation2 b :at d y ?9k ( ^? ,nor? ,italian villas1 :]e ! climate is pretty sev]e 9 w9t] & spr+1 b :i* are n ! less *>m+ ) _! porticos1 t]races1 wide op5 entrance-halls1 & _! balconies look+ out ov] ! c\ntry8 ,all ^! habitations h a dignifi$ aspect2 !y ennoble life1 we may say1 & enl>ge ^? n>r[ ideas to :i* our age is only too prone4444 ,& !n1 does x n seem to y t !re is a too manife/ want ( symmetry1 at lea/ 9 "o ( ! faades8 ,doesn't ?is make ! h\se look a little l ^? edifices :i* h be5 built piecemeal1 ) a view to satisfy successive requirem5ts--9 %ort1 is !re n a want ( t unity :i* ought to be f\nd 9 e "w ( art80 8,b x is n a "w ( art t ,i wi% to leave my daught]2 x is a good h\se--conv5i5t & sub/antial40 8,v good4 ,b y w all[ t if we c secure bo? k9ds ( excell5ce1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,= a p]son ( su* extreme ref9em5t & s *>m+ 9 e respect z y\r daught]1 x is b prop] t a habitation %\ld be provid$ reflect+ 9 its ext]ior ! *>ms & graces ( its occupant4 ,x w\ld be a pleasure to y1 9 visit+ ,madame ,m>ie1 to see 9 ! di/ance h] little family gr\p$ ar\nd h] "u a portico ( delicate ar*itecture1 or "u a loggia4444 ,b ?is seems to me m l ! h\se ( "s grave ,flemi% ald]man4 ,9 ^! gables !re is a k9d ( sev]ity :i*----0 8,come1 come1 my de> fri5d1 gables are n sev]e2 !y are gables--t's all40 8,b inde$ ^! gables ) _! high ro(s h a sev]e aspect1 :i* by no means agrees ) ! idea "o =ms ( a h\se built = pleasure40 8,b x is n a h\se built = pleasure2 x is a h\se built = p :o are go+ to live 9 x1 n = summ] l\ng]s--especially z we nev] h su* p 9 our neighb\rhood40 8,/ill1 h[ev]1 ,i %\ld h lik$ to give a w>m? to ^! fronts 7:i* h a some:at frigid aspect7 by light & airy projections1 & a cov]$ gall]y1 ) a t]race ov] x40 8,w>m?8 w>m?8 ,:y in/ead ( t1 y w\ld give u ! rheumatism ) y\r gall]ies4 ,!y may d v well at ,nice or ,m5tone1 b !y are n to be ?\ght ( 9 our "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,we want ! sun ^u ! walls ( our habitations1 :ile y\r porticos are l mu%room-h\ses40 8,i see1 my de> fri5d10 resum$ ,m4 ,durosay1 aft] a pause1 8t y keep to y\r ta/e = :at y call ! practical side ( ?+s4 ,yet see :at a good opportunity y h ( giv+ y\r daught] "o ( ^? dwell+s :i*1 :ile satisfy+ ! mat]ial requirem5ts ( life1 w\ld possess t p]fume ( art :i* is too r>ely f\nd 9 our c\ntry di/ricts4 ,a little ext]ior elegance is a p[]ful *>m :i* leaves an indelible trace 9 ! m9d4 ,x is ?us t ! ,italians pres]ve ! poetry ( ! brilliant eras ( _! civilization4 ,!y are will+1 at ne$1 to sacrifice some?+ ( :at we call #8com=t'--! mat]ial conv5i5ces ( life--to keep up among !m ! noble traditions ( high art40 8,i d n "k :at ! traditions ( high art are1 or :e!r ^? traditions pres]ve u f ra91 w9d1 & sun2 b ,i mu/ confess t y\r ,italian villas 9 ! environs ( ,v]ona & ,v5ice appe> v dull & gloomy ) _! colonnades & clos$ %utt]s4 ,i h nev] _h ! wi% to visit !m1 = ,i imag9e "o w\ld be v uncom=table 9 !m4 ,if !y build !m s ) a view to (f] t\ri/s models ( ar*itecture1 all well & good2 b ,i make no pret5sions to amuse or int]e/ t\ri/s1 & my daught] %>es my ideas 9 ! matt]40 8,p]haps 444 b j n[ y\r daught] is travell+ 9 ,italy2 %e is go+ to soj\rn on ! %ores ( ! ,bosporus2 :o kn[s :e!r on h] return "h %e w\ld n be *>m$ to meet a k9d ( s\v5ir ( ! impressions %e w n fail to h exp]i5c$ !re1 & :e!r ! surprise y h 9 /ore = h] w\ld n be /ill m delightful if y tri$ 9 "s measure to revive ^? impressions8 ,:at d y ?9k ( x1 ,mr4 ,ar*itect80 8,z = myself10 said ,eugne1 8,i am li/5+1 & _c b be delight$ to he> y disc\rse s ably on our art40 8,i may take x = grant$1 !n1 t y %>e my op9ion1 & t y w\ld be incl9$ to give ?is habitation1 :i* y h s skilfully arrang$1 "s ( ^? ext]nal *>ms 9 :i* p]haps x is n[ defici5t40 8,i _c say t ,i %\ld4 ,m4 de ,g&elau1 ) 8 usual c\rtesy1 has left u q at lib]ty1 & has simply /at$ ! limit ( exp5se to :i* he is prep>$ to g4 ,z reg>ds o!r consid]ations1 our programme hav+ be5 agre$ ^u1 we h n be5 re/rict$ to an excessive sev]ity ( /yle1 nor =bidd5 ! adoption ( :at y consid] ! ext]ior *>ms ( a dwell+-h\se40 8,well2 al?\gh my fri5d ) 8 practical m9d does n appe> s5sible to ^! *>ms1 d n y1 z an arti/1 ?9k x desirable to add some?+ to ^! fronts1 :i* are p]haps a little sev]e 9 aspect1 & :i* c]ta9ly ) ! help ( y\r tal5t y c\ld r5d] less cold8 ,y "k ,italy2 y h visit$ ,pompeii3 d y n f9d 9 ! ar*itecture ( ^? c\ntries abundant sugge/ions f :i* inspiration may be drawn--*>m+ models1 9 fact80 8,yes2 ,i h visit$ ,italy & ,france1 b ,i mu/ confess t ,i h nev] be5 /ruck by ! ar*itectural works ( ^? c\ntries1 except s f> z !y pres]v$ ! impr9t ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ^? ^: g5ius produc$ !m4 ,y m5tion ,pompeii4 ,t :i* has vividly affect$ me 9 ! rema9s ( ?is little prov9cial t[n ( ,italy is precisely ?is *>act]i/ic4 ,its small dwell+s exactly suit$ ! habits ( antiquity1 ! "t :5 !y 7 erect$1 & ! climate ( ! di/rict4 ,b f ! /udy ( ^! habitations ,i inf] t s9ce we d n live on ! %ores ( ! ,gulf ( ,naples1 & h cu/oms v diff]5t f ^? :i* suit$ ! ,pompeians1 our dwell+s ought n 9 any way to sugge/ ! peculi>ities ( !irs2 t :ile1 = example1 x may h be5 v agreeable to !m to sup 9 an op5 tricl9ium1 %elt]$ f ! w9d by a velum1 we _c arrange d9+-rooms aft] ?is model 9 ! ,dp>tem5t de l',indre2 & t ?\gh x might h be5 a luxury to !m to sleep 9 a room ^: area 0 only five or six squ>e y>ds & ! door ( :i*1 left op51 introduc$ y to a c\rt surr\nd$ by a portico1 ?is w\ld be v inconv5i5t "h1 z we %\ld run great risk ( cat*+ cold if we left ! door op51 or ( be+ suffocat$ if we %ut x40 8,b z y h m5tion$ anci5t dwell+s1 all[ me to rem>k t ^? ( ,pompeii1 ev5 ! mo/ luxuri\s1 d n exhibit ext]nally any ( ^? magnific5t features :i* y seem to admire4 ,! anci5ts res]v$ = ! int]ior su* luxury z !y affect$1 & x does n appe> t !y tr\bl$ !mselves to display any?+ ( x to ! pass]s-by4 ,i h n a v cle> idea ( :at _! villas1--_! c\ntry-h\ses1--may h be52 b ev]y?+ leads me to believe1 z f> z we c judge f ! rema9s pres]v$ to u1 t 9 !m no?+ 0 sacrific$ to t di/9ctively mod]n vanity :i* aims to make an ext]nal display ( ar*itectural =ms to /rike ! vulg>4 8,i believe t ^? c\ntry palaces ( ,nor!rn ,italy ) :i* y h be5 s deeply smitt51 are r products ( vanity ?an abodes adapt$ to ! habits ( ^? :o h erect$ !m2 9 fact1 !y h sc>cely be5 inhabit$1 & ! dilapidat$ condition 9 :i* y see !m does n date f ye/]day4 ,erect$ to satisfy vanity & ! desire to make a %[1 !y la/$ z habitations only z long z works due to vanity are accu/om$ to la/--t is1 = a few ye>s ( ! life ( an individual2 aft] :i* !y 7 ab&on$40 8,y call vanity10 repli$ ,m4 ,durosay1 8:at ,i ?9k to be love ( art--! desire to exhibit a "w ( art40 8,probably we %all nev] agree ^u t po9t10 answ]$ ,eugne4 8,i ?9k t art--9 ar*itecture at lea/--consi/s 9 be+ tru?ful & simple4 ,y see 9 x only a =m t *>ms or repels y3 ,i look = some?+ else2 or r ,i consid] fir/ :e!r ?is =m is really ! expression ( a requirem5t--:e!r a reason c be giv5 = its exi/5ce2 & x *>ms me only s f> z ?is condition is fulfill$1 accord+ to my judgm5t40 8,y consid] a b>n1 !re=e1 a "w ( art80 8,c]ta9ly2 if x is con/ruct$ s z to af=d a suitable %elt] = :at x is int5d$ to hold1 x is1 9 my view1 m admirable ?an an inconv5i5t palace1 ?\gh decorat$ ) colonnades & p$im5ts40 8,y ought to g to ,am]ica40 8,p]haps x w\ld be wise to d s1 if ,i knew t its p tri$ to build simply 9 accordance ) ! ta/es & requirem5ts ( ! inmates4 ,b 9 ,am]ica1 z ev]y:]e else n[-a-days1 !y make pret5sions to /yle1 & copy :at !y believe to be ! beautiful p> excell5ce2 t is1 !y foll[1 )\t discrim9ation1 traditions ^: orig9 & pr9ciple !y d n c>e to inve/igate40 8,come10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau1 :o f\nd ! discussion r t$i\s1 8we h travell$ a good way f ,paul's h\se2 b to satisfy y1 :5 y come & see my daught] 9 h] new dwell+1 we w h a pa/ebo>d portico put up 9 front ( "o ( ! faades1 & "u ! %ade "s ,b]ri maid5s dress$ up z ,v5etians1 & "s g5tlem5 9 sc>let robes play+ on ! guit> & ! bassoon4 ,x is gett+ late1 & "t to g to b$40 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,paul ,,inquires ,,:at ,,ar*itecture ,,is4 ,eugne expect$ ,paul to return to ! discussion ( ! previ\s ev5+1 & 9 fact1 :5 !y 7 go+ e>ly 9 ! morn+ to visit ! works1 ,paul did n fail to ?r[ out h9ts ab\t x4 ,b he did n "k h[ to give 8 curiosity a def9ite %ape4 ,8 c\s9 w\ld n help him1 b wi%$ to give him full leisure to br+ 8 ideas to a focus4 8,is ,m4 ,durosay a judge ( ar*itecture80 said ,paul1 at la/4 8,well1 he talks ab\t x l a p]son :o has "s acqua9tance ) ! art40 8,b yet y did n seem dispos$ to acc$e to :at he ask$40 8,:at did he ask80 8,:y----y "k v well :at ,i mean----4 ,he w\ld h lik$ ,m>ie's h\se to be----m----40 8,m :at80 8,m----less sev]e2 t x %\ld h a portico & a loggia4 ,:at is a loggia80 8,x is a wide cov]$ balcony1 mo/ frequ5tly clos$ on ! two sides1 b op5+ 9 front--:e!r on ! gr\nd floor or ! upp] /ories--to ! high road or ! c\ntry40 8,& :y %\ld n a loggia be add$ to ,m>ie's h\se80 8,we might make "o1 or sev]al40 8,well1 !n80 8,:y !n x mu/ be plac$ 9 front ( "o ( ! ap>tm5ts--! draw+-room1 = example1 on ! gr\nd floor1 9 ! middle ( ! g>d5 front1 or if on ! fir/ floor1 9 front ( ! be/ b$room40 8,& w\ld n t h a good effect80 8,p]haps x might3 b ! ap>tm5t next to x1 op5+ ^u ?is loggia1 w\ld be d>k & gloomy1 z ! w9d[s w\ld be %ad$ by its ceil+40 8,ah6 yes1 t is true2 b 9 fact we h loggias at ! end ( ! draw+-room1 ! billi>d-room1 & ! d9+-room40 8,yes2 only !y are clos$1 in/ead ( be+ op5 t[>ds ! outside1 & ^! ap>tm5ts ga9 9 area ?r\gh !m4 ,^! loggias are !re=e recesses--:at !y =m]ly call$ #8bays4' ,we h ?us all ! advantages ( a loggia )\t ! inconv5i5ces :i* 9 our climate x w\ld entail40 8,:y did y n say s to ,m4 ,durosay80 8,he c\ld see x well en\gh2 !re 0 no ne$ to m5tion x to him40 8,he w\ld h lik$ a portico1 too40 8,= :at purpose80 8,i d n "k----4 ,he said x w\ld be pretty--t my si/] & h] *ildr5 w\ld =m a gr\p "u x1 & t ?is w\ld h a pretty effect at a di/ance40 8,& w\ld x be v agreeable to y\r si/] to produce #8a v pretty effect' at a di/ance80 8,oh1 ,i don't ?9k %e w\ld c>e ab\t x40 8,b :o are we build+ ! h\se =80 8,:y1 = my si/]40 8,n = /roll+ idl]s1 !re=e4 ,b ! portico 9 "q w\ld h ! same inconv5i5ces z ! loggias2 x w\ld make ! ap>tm5ts op5+ "u ! arcades or colonnades d>k & gloomy4 ,s9ce !n1 9 our c\ntry we sp5d m ( our "t 9 rooms ?an "u porticos1 we %\ld h to pay r de>ly = ! pleasure ( =m+ gr\ps = ! gratification ( pass+ /rang]s40 8,d\btless we %\ld4 ,besides1 9 front ( ! billi>d-room we h a cons]vatory1 ) /eps d[n to ! g>d51 :i* may s]ve = a portico )\t d>k5+ ! room1 z x w be glaz$40 8,c]ta9ly40 8,p]haps ,m4 ,durosay did n obs]ve ?is40 8,oh6 ,i d>esay he did2 b x has no?+ impos+ ab\t x4 ,he w\ld h lik$ a real cov]$ portico1 9 ! /yle ( ! ,italian porticos40 8,he seems to be v fond ( ,italian ar*itecture40 8,:i*80 8,:y1 t he 0 talk+ ab\t40 8,b !re are _m k9ds ( ar*itecture 9 ,italy1 belong+ to diff]5t ages & latitudes1 & v>y+ ) ! habits ( ! peoples :o inhabit ! p59sula40 8,y did n call 8 att5tion to t40 8,he mu/ h kn[n x40 8,i see t y don't ?9k ,m4 ,durosay e>ne/ 9 8 op9ions40 8,m4 ,durosay is an excell5t man2 8 op9ions are s9c]e1 & !re=e ,i reg>d !m z s]i\s2 b he & ,i look at ?+s f a diff]5t po9t ( view4 ,he judges que/ions ( art z a man ( ! _w1 on a gr\nd ( s5tim5t1 :ile ,i ?9k we arti/s ought to decide !m by reason+4 ,s5tim5t does n reason2 x is l fai?2 s x is impossible = u to und]/& "o ano!r1 s9ce we speak a diff]5t language40 ,paul's views on ! subject 7 z yet f> f cle>4 ,hi!rto he _h ?\ght t ar*itecture c\ld be le>n$ z we le>n gramm> & spell+2 & "h 0 8 c\s9 tell+ him t x f\nd expression 9 sev]al languages1 "o ( :i* might be kn[n1 :ile ! o!r rema9$ q un9telligible4 ,he c\ld n und]/& :at reason+ c\ld h to d ) a matt] entirely relat+ to =m & appe>ance2 yet he did n ev5 "k h[ to put que/ions to 8 c\s9 on ! subject ) a view to ga9+ light ^u x4 ,he 0 go+ along1 !re=e1 ) 8 head b5t1 /rik+ d[n ) 8 /ick ! )]$ ?i/les t encumb]$ ! side ( ! pa?--,eugne1 on 8 side1 n seem+ desir\s ( break+ ! sil5ce4 ,!y arriv$ ?us at ! works2 !y 7 almo/ des]t$4 8,x froze la/ night10 said ,bran*u2 8& x's go+ to be a h>d fro/40 8,well1 y mu/ cov] ! /one-"w ) litt] or /raw1 & we %all h to /op4 ,put "s scaffold planks on ! walls1 ! /raw ov] !m1 & slabs ) /ones at int]vals4 ,take c>e t ! planks project beyond ! faces ( ! walls4 ,if y h n /raw en\gh1 put soil on ! slabs1 or turf clods4 ,z to ! cell> vaults1 spread a good lay] ( m\ld ov] !m1 & contrive "s op5+s 9 ! haun*es1 s t ! ra9 or melt$ sn[ may run (f4 ,come1 set to "w6 ,let all ?is be arrang$ = & f9i%$ to-morr[ ev5+2 !n we w /op till ! end ( ! cold wea!r40 8,s mu* ! bett]10 said ,ma/] ,bran*u1 8= all ! "y fell[s are gone1 & none b poor creatures are left at ! works40 8,?is susp5sion ( ! build+10 said ,eugne1 :5 !y 7 return+ to ! *teau1 8w p]mit u to "w out ! details ( con/ruction )\t hav+ to hurry ov] !m40 8,yes10 repli$ ,paul2 8b ,i %\ld mu* l to "k h[ y set ab\t x :5 y h to draw "o ( ! details40 8,y mu/ h le>nt t 9 ! two mon?s we h be5 do+ ?is sort ( "w40 8,n q2 ,i p]ceive t y say :at y int5d1 & t :at y int5d %[s itself drawn on pap]2 n[1 ,i h tri$ to d ! same1 b ?\gh ,i knew well :at ,i int5d$1 ,i c\ld br+ no?+ to pap]2 or if ,i did draw any?+1 x made me =get :at ,i _h 9 my m9d4 ,yet1 surely1 = ev]y?+ "o wants to d 9 ar*itecture1 !re mu/ be a me?od1 a process1 a--:at %\ld ,i call x8--a recipe40 8,ah6 n[ ,i see :at y mean4 ,b y mu/ p]ceive1 my "y c\s91 t p (t5 fancy !y und]/& & int5d1 :ile !y really d n always "k :at !y int5d1 & d n cle>ly und]/& ! "q 9 h&4 ,all ?is morn+1 = in/ance1 y h be5 revolv+ 9 y\r m9d ?is "q :i* y h only j put to me2 & ,i h wi%$ to give y leisure to pres5t x 9 a def9ite =m--to d :i* y\r bra9 has be5 oblig$ to "w4 ,n[1 ?anks to ! ef=t y h made1 y w compreh5d ! answ] ,i am able to give y bett]4 ,y rememb] ^? two l9es ( ,boileau's-- 8,ce que l'on conoit bi5 s'nonce clairem5t1 ,et les mots p\r le dire arriv5t aism5t10 & :i* are applicable to all ! arts4 ,! great ?+ is to habituate "o's self to cle> conceptions4 ,un=tunately we le>n to =m phrases be=e we le>n to reason1 & try to express an idea be=e x is completely elaborat$ 9 ! bra94 ,!n we fancy we c supply :at is incomplete 9 ?is idea by a happy comb9ation ( words4 ,9 ar*itecture we ?9k ( =ms t h seem$ attractive1 be=e kn[+ :e!r !y w be exactly appropriate to :at reason & ! rigor\s obs]vance ( ! necessities ( con/ruction1 or ! requirem5ts ( ! case1 dem&4 ,9 a spee*1 ! vulg> are readily s$uc$ by a brilliant phrase1 & p]ceive only too late ! intellectual void :i* ?is s$uctive =m conceals4 ,simil>ly1 9 ar*itecture1 ! vulg> are s$uc$ by a picturesque aspect & an attractive =m1 & h to pay ! p5alty ( _! error 9 ! defects ( ! build+4 ,m4 ,durosay1 9 8 admiration = c]ta9 =ms t _h *>m$ him z a t\ri/1 has n ?\ght ( ask+ himself :e!r ^! ext]nals 7 9 h>mony ) ! requirem5ts to be satisfi$1 & :at ! /ructure itself dem&$2 ! turn ( ! phrase has arre/$ 8 att5tion1 & he has n inquir$ :e!r !re 0 a cle>ly develop$ idea beh9d x4 ,we might1 !re=e1 h argu$ toge!r 9 ?is way = days1 )\t hope ( conv9c+ "o ano!r--he be+ entirely occupi$ ) ! =m or fa%ion ( ! phrase1 & n tr\bl+ himself z to :e!r ?is =m has a signification--:e!r ?is phrase expresses a cle> idea4 ,all dep5ds on ?is1 my de> ,paul1 &1 9 my judgm5t1 our c\ntry1 :i* is s ne> ! v]ge ( absolute ru91 w n recov] itself until x le>ns to reflect be=e x speaks4 ,we build imm5se edifices1 co/+ fabul\s sums1 yet we h no cle> idea z to :at !y %all conta94 ,or r1 we ?9k only ( mak+ ! cas+1 & leave x an op5 "q :e!r we %all use x = su* or su* a purpose4 ,& ,i w\ld h y obs]ve t ?is un=tunate habit prevails n ) reg>d to public build+s only4 ,h[ _m respectable m5 !re are :o1 l ,m4 ,durosay1 9 propos+ to build a h\se = !mselves1 fir/ det]m9e to erect a *alet1 or an ,italian villa1 or an ,engli% cottage1 accord+ to ! fancy ( ! mom5t1 & make x q a second>y "q :e!r life w be com=table 9 ! case !y are go+ to put up6 ,consequ5tly y w see ,italian villas 9 ! nor? ( ,france & ,swiss *alets at ,nice4 ,le>n to reason1 to obs]ve be=e y proce$ to act1 & y w be a good b>ri/]1 a good physician1 a good soldi]1 a good ar*itect4 ,if nature has end[$ y ) g5ius1 s mu* ! bett]2 x w supply a noble complem5t to y\r faculties2 b if y h n ga9$ ! habit ( reason+1 g5ius w be ( no use to y1 or r1 x _c develop itself4 ,n[1 to le>n to reason1 y mu/ lab\r mu* & lab\r long1 & n all[ y\rself to be l$ a/ray by appe>ances1 h[ev] attractive4 ,un=tunately1 our education & in/ruction 9 ,france lead u to cont5t ourselves ) m]e appe>ances1 & to rely on traditions :i* are reg>d$ z articles ( fai?1 & :i* consequ5tly may n be discuss$4 ,y w f9d ,m4 ,durosay's portico confront+ y ev]y:]e4 ,! army1 ! gov]nm5t1 lit]ature1 politics1 & ! arts h _! portico1 :i* y mu/ adopt1 :atev] has to be done or :]ev] an entrance has to be provid$2 unless y h suffici5t en]gy1 p[] = "w1 indep5d5ce ( "*1 practical k1 p]si/5t det]m9ation1 & ! au?ority :i* t alone c secure1 to say3--,i w adopt y\r portico only z f> z ,i ?9k x advantage\s to make use ( x4 ,b to return to y\r "q z to :e!r any def9ite prescriptions or rules ( proc$ure c be giv5 9 ar*itecture1 ,i reply t !re are practical rules ( proc$ure suitable to con/ruction2 b z ! mat]ials & ! means ( execution v>y cont9ually1 any su* rules ought to be modifi$ by ^! v>iations4 ,9 ar*itecture !re is a me?od to be foll[$ 9 all cases t pres5t !mselves1 b !re are no def9ite prescriptions or rules ( proc$ure4 ,?is me?od is none o!r ?an ! application ( y\r reason+ faculty to all p>ticul> cases2 = :at is desirable 9 "o set ( circum/ances is n s 9 ano!r4 ,x is !re=e on ! obs]vation ( ^! circum/ances--( facts1 cu/oms1 climate1 & hygi5ic conditions--t y\r reason mu/ rely be=e =m+ ! conception ( y\r "w4 ,& :5 ?is op]ation is complete1 & all is prop]ly arrang$ 9 y\r m9d1 !n y w be able to put on pap] )\t hesitation ! result ( ?is intellectual lab\r40 8,i ?9k ,i appreh5d y\r mean+2 b h[ mu/ ,i beg980 8,by acquir+ ! habit ( obs]v+ ev]y?+1 & reflect+ on ev]y?+ y see1 he>1 or read4 ,:5 y h a dit* be=e y t y want to cross1 d y n ask y\rself :e!r y\r legs w c>ry y to ! o!r side8 d y n "k1 z ! result ( previ\s obs]vation1 :e!r y c jump ! dit* or n1 & d y n decide accord+ly8 ,y d n ask y\rself be=e jump+ :e!r ,a*illes or ,rol& 0 alleg$ by ! poets to h leap$ mu* wid] spaces4 ,x is y\rself1 y\r own /r5g?1 t y consult--n t ( h]oes--on pa9 ( tumbl+ into ! wat]4 ,exactly 9 ! same way1 if y h to build a h\se = a p]son y "k1 y fir/ rem9d y\rself t a h\se is made = p to live 92 !n y repres5t to y\rself ! habits ( ! own]1 y calculate ! numb] ( ap>tm5ts he requires1 & :at relations !y w h to ea* o!r4 ,y "k :e!r he lives alone1 or ent]ta9s mu* company2 :e!r he w live 9 ! h\se at su* or su* a season2 :e!r he affects luxury or lives quietly2 :e!r he has _m s]vants1 or employs only "o1 c43 & :5 y h ?or\ghly consid]$ all ^! ess5tial conditions1 y w try to put on pap] ! result ( ^! obs]vations4 ,b if ! fir/ ?+ y ?9k ( is putt+ ?is p]son & 8 family 9 a h\se l ^? ( ,pompeii1 or 9 a feudal *teau1 x is a ?\s& to "o t y w build him an uncom=table habitation--t y w be oblig$ to sacrifice ! conv5i5ce ( its arrangem5ts 9 ord] to assign !m a place 9 a build+ t belongs to a p]iod & a civilization diff]+ f our own civilization & times40 8,i c q und]/& t1 b /ill we c le>n h[ to make a door1 a w9d[1 or a /aircase40 8,t is to say1 x is possible to expla9 h[ p 9 =m] times set to "w to make a door1 a /aircase1 or a floor2 b x is n propos$1 nor ought x to be propos$1 9 tea*+ y ! me?ods employ$ by our pr$ecessors1 to oblige y to d exactly :at !y did1 s9ce y p]haps possess mat]ials :i* !y did n1 & y\r cu/oms diff] f !irs4 ,! in/ructions giv5 y run ?us1--at lea/ !y ought to run ?us3 #8,^! are ! results ( ! exp]i5ce acquir$ dur+ pa/ ages2 make ^! y\r />t+-po9t2 d z y\r pr$ecessors h done2 use y\r reason+ faculty 9 apply+ ! k t has be5 acquir$1 b 9 ob$i5ce to ! requirem5ts ( ! pres5t4 ,y ought n to be ignorant ( :at has be5 done be=e y1--x is an accumulation = ! common good1 a possession secur$ to mank9d4 ,y ought to be acqua9t$ ) its exi/5ce & value2 b1 z a p>tn] 9 its advantages1 add y\r /ore ( intellig5ce2 make a /ep 9 advance1 d n retrograde4' ,b obs]ve3 !re is only "o means ( prev5t+ retrogression 9 ar*itecture1 & t is mak+ art ! fai?ful expression ( ! requirem5ts ( ! "t 9 :i* we live1--mak+ ! build+ a cas+ suit$ to t :i* x is de/9$ to conta940 8,& is n ?is always done80 8,n exactly4 ,we are some?+ l p]sons :o h inh]it$ f _! ance/ors a co/ly /ock ( furniture1--a v5]able & v5]at$ heirloom--:o keep & make use ( ?is furniture1 ?\gh x is inconv5i5t to !m1 & no long] suits ! habits ( ! times2 :o h ev5 gone s f> z to appo9t a gu>dian = ?is old lumb]1 :o is enjo9$ n to all[ x to be modifi$4 ,if !re=e y1 ! ma/] ( ! h\se1 want to *ange ! cov]+ ( ?is furniture1 or s5d "s ( ! articles !mselves1 :i* are m inconv5i5t ?an useful1 to ! lumb]-room1 ! gu>dian y pay & lodge assumes a dignifi$ air1 & decl>es t ! function ) :i* y h inve/$ him1 & :i* he makes a po9t ( /rictly dis*>g+1 =bids him to all[ ^! modifications or suppressions2 t 8 hon\r is conc]n$ 9 n all[+ ^! relics to suff] injury or *ange1 s9ce he is commission$ to pres]ve !m4 ,= ! sake ( peace1 y cont9ue to make use ( ?is intol]able furniture1 & y reta9 its gu>dian40 8,i d n q und]/& y40 8,by & by y w4 ,b obs]ve1 ,i h giv5 y fair w>n+4 ,if y g into "s old mansion cramm$ ) antiquat$ furniture1 take c>e n to criticise x2 = ?\gh ! ho/ & ho/ess may cont5t !mselves ) smil+1 ! gu>dian ( ^? curiosities w take good c>e t y nev] set foot 9 t h\se aga940 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,!oretical ,,/udies4 ,! cold & ! /ate ( ! times prev5t$ ! works f be+ cont9u$4 ,! w9t] might be a long "o4 ,eugne & ,paul prep>$ !mselves1 !re=e1 to employ ?is compulsory leisure to advantage4 ,x 0 decid$ betwe5 !m t !y %\ld n m]ely draw out ! details necess>y = f9i%+ ! works1 b t ,eugne %\ld take advantage ( ^! w9t] days to enlight5 ,paul on _m po9ts respect+ :i*1 z cl]k-(-works1 he 0 defici5t4 ,paul took an increas+ int]e/ 9 ?is employm5t4 ,hi!rto ! execution _h imm$iately foll[$ ! lab\rs ( ! /udy1 & example & practice came to ratify !ory2 b he 0 q aw>e t all 8 att5tion & desire to foll[ ! lead ( 8 *ief 7 n suffici5t1 & t at ea* /ep he f\nd himself confront$ by a difficulty4 ,! fur!r ! "w advanc$1 ! m utt]ly incapable did he feel himself4 ,he set to "w1 !re=e1 ) a he>ty desire to le>n2 inde$1 s mu* ! m eag]ly z all t surr\nd$ him assum$ a m & m gloomy & desolate aspect4 ,paul _h nev] sp5t a w9t] 9 ! c\ntry1 al?\gh he us$ to come home to ! ,*ri/mas fe/ivities2 ! few days sp5t at 8 fa!r's *teau _h pass$ away s quickly1 t he _h n "t to consid] h[ ?+s look$ out ( doors4 ,besides1 ! h\se 0 full ( gue/s at t "t2 ! pres5ce ( 8 eld] si/] gave x animation2 ev]y?+ _h a holiday aspect4 ,b ! sc5e 0 q *ang$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb]1 #ahgj2 ! neighb\r+ villages 7 des]t$1 or occupi$ only = a few h\rs by troops ill-clad1 dy+ ( hung]1 g5]ally go+ to fight )\t en?usiasm1 & leav+ ! exhau/$ & ! sick 9 ! cottages4 ,!n w\ld come long l9es ( c>riages t look$ l s _m fun]al processions4 ,! sn[ 0 beg9n+ to cov] ! fields & to muffle di/ant s\nds4 ,seldom did any ( ! peasants come to ! *teau4 ,! po/man /ill paid 8 regul> visits1 b ! lett]s & newspap]s he br\ght t5d$ only to depress ! spirits ( ! inmates4 ,sometimes !y gave %elt] to memb]s ( ! ,g>de ,mobile1 or to soldi]s ( ! l9e2 b all 7 dumb3 ! (fic]s !mselves w\ld ask to be all[$ to re/ 9 _! rooms "u pretext ( fatigue1 r ?an g d[n to ! draw+-room4 ,m4 de ,g&elau1 up e>ly 9 ! morn+1 9 spite ( 8 g\t1 seem$ to be omnipres5t2 he 0 to be f\nd ev]y:]e1 among ! f>ms & at ! neighb\r+ t[n1 facilitat+ ! transport ( munitions ( w>1 organiz+ hospitals1 supply+ provisions & light5+ ! difficulties impos$ by r\t9e4 8,set ,paul to "w1 my fri5d10 he said to ,eugne e ev5+2 8t is all ! dem& ,i make on y\r fri5d%ip4 ,i feel x is a consid]able "o1 b grant x1 ,i entreat y40 ,9 fact1 ! great] "p ( ! day 0 pass$ 9 /udy+ "s "q relat+ to build+2 !n ! ar*itect & 8 cl]k-(-works w\ld g & take a walk be=e ! ev5+1 dur+ :i* ,eugne did n fail to />t "s int]e/+ topic4 ,! c\ntry & natural ph5om5a 7 ! habitual subjects ( ^! conv]sations2 & ?us ,paul 0 le>n+ to obs]ve & reflect1 & x became e day cle>] to him h[ mu* k mu/ be acquir$ to accompli% a task ( ev5 limit$ scope4 ,8 c\s9 did n fail to reit]ate ! s5tim5t3 8,! m y "k ! m y w feel y\r want ( k2 & ! highe/ acquisition 9 sci5ce is ! conviction t we "k no?+40 8,:at good is x to le>n1 !n80 rejo9$ ,paul1 "o day4 8,t we may become mode/2 t we may occupy life ) some?+ bett] ?an ^? ?+s to :i* vanity prompts u2 t we may make ourselves ( "s little use to our fell[s1 )\t exact+ gratitude f !m40 ,eugne made ,paul draw a good deal1 & always f nature1 or f draw+s execut$ :ile he 0 pres5t1 = he _h n br\ght ) him any specim5s ( ar*itectural design4 ,besides ?is1 ,paul made a fair copy ( memor&a relat+ to ! p>ts ( ! h\se already erect$4 ,?us he ga9$ a complete acqua9tance ) ! /ructure ( e "p ( ! /one-"w4 ,paul 0 !re=e acquir+ ! p[] ( draw+ ar*itectural details neatly1 & 8 c\s9 nev] fail$ to answ] 8 que/ions4 ,paul _h soon laid aside all timidity--or1 if we *oose to deem x s1 am\r propre--& no long] fe>+ to reveal 8 ignorance1 ask$ a good _m que/ions4 ,eugne g5]ally wait$ = su* inquiries be=e he gave a lesson on any subject4 ,he wi%$ ! m9d ( 8 pupil to be already prep>$ by ! crav+ = k1 be=e tea*+ him4 ,x may be obs]v$ t ^! lessons treat$ ( a great v>iety ( subjects2 b ,eugne took c>e to connect !m toge!r by an exposition ( ^? sev]al pr9ciples :i* 7 cont9ually sugge/$ by !m4 ,"o day ,paul wi%$ to "k :at an 8ord]0 is1 & :at is und]/ood by ?is ^w 9 ar*itecture4 8,t is a compreh5sive "q1 ,paul2 & ,i sc>cely "k :e!r ,i %all be able to answ] x s z to enlight5 y on ! subject4 ,! ^w has two significations 9 ar*itecture3 #8ord]' may be und]/ood to mean subord9ation1 or correlation betwe5 ! p>ts4 ,b ,i ?9k t is n :at y are ?9k+ (2 y probably int5d to ask me ! mean+ ( :at are commonly call$ #8ord]s ( ar*itecture4' ,! idea ( an #8ord]' 9 y\r m9d implies a r[ ( columns or v]tical supports be>+ an entablature4 ,t is x1 is x n80 8,yes1 t is :at ,i mean40 8,well1 !n1 9 remote ages1 ar*itects conceiv$ ! idea--:i* 0 a v natural "o--( erect+ v]tical supports1 & plac+ cross-pieces ( wood or /one connect+ _! summits2 & on ?is op5 colonnade !y rais$ a ro(4 ,?is =m$ a %elt] op5 bel[1 b cov]$ 9--:at we call a halle4 ,b1 z 9 _m cases x 0 also necess>y to close 9 ^! cov]$ spaces1 !y built walls beh9d ^! v]tical props1 leav+ betwe5 !m & ! isolat$ supports a space call$ a #8portico4' ,x 0 ?us1 = in/ance1 t c]ta9 ,greek temples 7 design$4 ,by degrees ! g5ius ( ar*itects1 /udy1 & ! obs]vation ( ! ext]ior effect1 l$ !m to give to ^! v]tical props1 & to t :i* !y support--t is1 ! entablature--relative proportions1 ( delicate & h>moni\s type1 :5ce laws 7 d$uc$2 = ,i w\ld h y rem>k t ! example always prec$es ! rule1 & t rules are only ! results ( exp]i5ce4 ,9 ?is way ! ,greeks inv5t$ ?ree ord]s3 ! ,ionic1 ! ,doric1 & ! ,cor9?ian--ea* ( :i* possesses its sy/em ( h>moni\s proportions & its special type ( ornam5tation4 ,among ! ,greeks ^! sy/ems 7 n s rigor\sly di/9ct z to prev5t _! frequ5tly tr5*+ on ea* o!r's prec9cts4 8,b ! ,romans1 :o 7 devotees ( ord]1 & :o und]took to impose x 9 ev]y?+ & ev]y:]e1 9 adopt+ ^! arrangem5ts f ! ,greeks1 insi/$ on r$uc+ ^! ?ree sy/ems to an almo/ absolute =mula4 ,t simplifi$ matt]s1 & ! ,romans 7 fond ( inclos+ :atev] app]ta9$ to art 9 an adm9i/rative frame4 ,a /ep fur!r 9 ! wrong direction 0 tak5 z ! result ( ! /udy ( classical antiquity 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 au?orities on ! subject presum$ f9ally to settle ! relations betwe5 ! diff]5t memb]s ( ea* ( ^! ord]s2 & ) a view to leave "s degree ( latitude to ar*itects1 !y ev5 add$ two ord]s to ! ?ree orig9al ones1 viz41 ! ,tuscan & ! ,composite4 ,^! /]eotyp$ ord]s h be5 appli$ on e occasion1 & 9 e fa%ion1 j z hang+s are atta*$ to a wall to decorate x4 ,ar*itects h frequ5tly be/[$ m ?\ght on plac+ an ord] on a faade1 ?an on ! disposition ( ! build+ erect$ beh9d ?is front4 ,c]ta9ly no?+ ( ! k9d m contr>y to reason has be5 produc$ ?an ! ,colonnade ( ! ,l\vre1 = its ordonnance has no relation to :at x conta9s2 & ?is imm5se portico1 situat$ on ! fir/ /ory1 absolutely s]ves no o!r purpose ?an to obscure ! op5+s = light plac$ along x1 :ile y nev] see any "o walk+ 9 x4 ,b 9 ^? days x 0 obligatory to be magnific5t1 at :atev] co/4 ,we h n entirely r5\nc$ ?is solemn fool+2 & ev5 n[ y may see #8ord]s' plac$1 )\t its be+ possible to say :y1 9 front ( build+s t c\ld v well disp5se ) ?is adv5titi\s decoration1 :i* is m]ely design$ to prove to ! public t !re are su* ?+s z #8ord]s1' & ar*itects capable ( pres5t+ !m 9 ^? proportions :i* _! =mula requires4 8,b y w /udy ^! bran*es ( ar*itecture a little lat] on4 ,i ?9k x a bad me?od ( tea*+ art to all[ fl[]s to be introduc$ into disc\rse be=e ! p[] ( express+ ?\ght cle>ly has be5 acquir$2 & x is ?us t writ]s & speak]s are =m$ :o take bald]da% = eloqu5ce2 & ar*itects1 :o be=e !y ?9k ( do+ ju/ice to ! exig5cies ( con/ruction1 & /udy+ ! requirem5ts ( ! case1 amuse !mselves ) reproduc+ =ms into ^: orig91 ju/ification1 & real mean+ !y h nev] inquir$4 ,b j n[1 let u keep to our prop] bus9ess4 ,x is a h\se1 n a temple or a basilica1 t we are build+4 ,we h to consid] all its p>ts2 & ?is is "w en\gh = u4 8,we h leisure to consid] ! details ( our build+ ?or\ghly1 s9ce ! fro/ obliges u to susp5d ! works4 ,con/ruction1 my de> fell[1 is an art requir+ =esight4 ,! good build] is he :o leaves no?+ to *ance1 :o does n put (f ! solution ( any problem1 & :o kn[s h[ to give ea* function its place & value ) respect to ! :ole1 & t at ! "r mom5t4 ,we h drawn plans = ! sev]al /ories2 we h giv5 ! details necess>y = con/ruct+ ! l[] p>ts ( ! h\se2 n[ we mu/ draw ! work+ elevations4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to make an exact section ( ! front walls giv+ ! height ( ! floors1 ! levels ( ! tie-b>s1 & ! base ( ! ro(40 ,eugne1 :o1 z we may suppose1 _h previ\sly realiz$ to himself1 if n drawn1 all ! p>ts ( ! build+1 _h soon sket*$ out ?is section = ,paul1 :o did n cease to wond] at ! promptitude ) :i* 8 ma/] succe$$ 9 draw+ on pap] any detail requir$4 ,he c\ld n help rem>k+ x aga94 8,h[ d y manage to indicate ! arrangem5t ( all ^! p>ts ( ! build+ )\t hesitat+ a mom5t80 said he4 8,because ,i h ?\ght ab\t !m1 & h repres5t$ to myself all ^! p>ts :ile draw+ or sett+ y to draw _! comb9ations4 ,if !y are n on ! pap] !y are 9 my head2 & :5 ,i h to r5d] !m intelligible to ^? :o are commission$ to execute !m1 ,i h only to write1 s to speak1 :at ,i "k by he>t already4 ,& ?us x is always desirable to proce$4 ,look at ?is section1 & ^! few details 7,fig4 #db72 let u exam9e ! draw+ toge!r2 y w soon obs]ve t y h already se5 all t ! %eet ( pap] conta9s1 & t ) a little att5tion y w\ld be able to arrange ^! diff]5t p>ts 9 _! due ord]4 ,y see ! ?ickness ( ! wall on ! gr\nd floor figur$1 & ) its c5tral l9e dott$2 ! height ( ! w9d[ sill1 ,a1 & its support2 ! arrangem5t ( ! w9d[ cas+ & its l9tel2 ! height ( ! floor & its ?ickness4 ,! /r+-c\rse1 ,b1 _h to be det]m9$2 x %\ld h ! ?ickness ( ?is floor2 x indicates x ext]nally4 ,!n1 r$uc+ ! outside walls to #a foot #h in*es on ! fir/ floor1 we put a set-(f c\rse at ,c2 w9d[ sills l ^? ( ! gr\nd floor4 ,! height ( ! fir/ /ory f floor to floor has already be5 settl$4 ,! "u memb]1 ,d1 ( ! cornice indicates ! ?ickness ( ! second floor2 la/ly comes ! cornice table ( h>d /one :i* receives ! eaves-gutt]4 ,z reg>ds ! fir/ floor w9d[s1 !y are =m$ l ^? ( ! gr\nd floor1 except+ t ! inside reveal is less deep by #d in*es1 s9ce ! wall is #d in*es less 9 ?ickness4 ,_! l9tels are simil>1 z well z ! cas+ :i* has to take ! %eet-iron jal\sies1 & ! tie-b>s come und]nea? ^! l9tels4 ,z we h gables1 ! cornices _c return1 & mu/ /op aga9/ a projection1 ,e1 :i*1 ris+ above ! ro(1 receives ! cop+1 ,f1 :i* w h a project+ fillet to cov] ! junction ( ! slat+ ) ! gable4 ,at ,g1 !n1 ,i draw ! angle ( ! build+ ) ?is projection1 ,e1 & ! cop+ we h spok5 (4 ,z ,i =esee t ! joi/s w h too long a be>+ 9 "s places1 ,i suppose ! int]m$iate beams1 ,h1 to c>ry !m & ! corbels1 ,i1 = ! support ( ^! joi/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--,,section ,,( ,,! ,,side ,,walls1 ,,) ,,details4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--;,,an ,,oriel ,,w9d[4 8,at ,k ,i h drawn ! /r+-c\rse ( ! fir/ floor1 ) ! projections figur$ f ! c5tre ( ! wall1 & ! set-(f c\rse above2 also at ,l1 ! cornice & its table-c\rse4 ,y w obs]ve t ?is table-c\rse slopes t[>ds ! out] edge1 b5ea? ! gutt]1 s t1 9 ! ev5t ( an ov]fl[1 ! wat] may run (f outside1 & n f9d its way into ! wall4 ,?is table-c\rse has a ?roat1 a1 z well z ! /r+-c\rse1 to prev5t ! wat] f runn+ d[n ! wall4 ,^! m\ld+s w h to be drawn to _! full size = ! /one-mason4 ,on ! c\rse1 ,m1 beh9d ! gutt]1 w /& ! dorm] gables1 :i* w admit light to ! second floor 9 ! ro(4 ,z to ! ro(+1 ( :i* ,i m]ely indicate "h ! base1 ,i w %[ y :at x is to be4 ,take ^! sket*es1 !n1 & make f !m figur$ draw+s to a scale ( half an in* to a foot1 s t !y may be work$ f4 8,9 ! meantime1 ,i am go+ to make a p]spective sket* ( ! project+ bays or loges ( ! billi>d-room & d9+-room1 ) ! aid ( :i* y may draw out ^! details4 ,we %all see h[ y acquit y\rself4 8,! ,engli% 9 _! c\ntry-h\ses are fond ( employ+ ?is k9d ( project+ w9d[4 ,!y call !m bay or oriel w9d[s1 & (t5 con/ruct !m on corbell+4 ,/ay--"h ,i h a sket* 9 my note-book ( su* a w9d[ 9 a h\se at ,l9coln1 dat+ f ! sixte5? c5tury 7,fig4 #dc74 ,?is project+ oriel1 support$ by a bracket1 is t]m9at$ by a small t]race =m+ a balcony on ! fir/ /ory4 ,obs]ve1 by ! by1 h[ well-devis$ ?is con/ruction is4 ,?is "p ( ,engl& possesses /one1 b t mat]ial is less common ?an brick4 ,! build] has us$ ! de>] mat]ial only = ! oriel w9d[1 :i* he c\ld sc>cely erect 9 brick1 & = ! jambs & l9tels ( ! w9d[s4 ,! re/ ( ! /ructure is built ( brick4 8,b10 cont9u$ ,eugne1 8y\r bay w9d[s project too f> to all[ ( _! re/+ on corbell+40 8,:at d y mean by corbell+80 8,x is a project+ piece ( con/ruction1 n ris+ f ! bottom1 b support$ by corbels2 :5ce ! "n corbell+4 ,! weight ( ! masonry re/+ on ! tail1 i4e4 ! "p ( ! corbels fix$ 9 ! walls1 all[s u to place on _! project+ "p a con/ruction1 :i*1 be+ less heavy ?an t re/+ on _! tail1 is ?us su/a9$ )\t fe> ( ov]balanc+4 ,we mu/ also calculate ! l5g? ( ! arm ( ! lev]--t is to say1 ! relation ( ! projection ( ! corbels to ! weight t secures _! tail & t :i* re/s on _! head4 ,( c\rse1 ! fur!r ! corbels project ! m does ! weight plac$ on _! outw>d extremity tell on t :i* keeps ! balance4 ,s t a v trifl+ weight plac$ at ! extremity ( a greatly project+ corbel might ov]balance a heavy mass plac$ at ! tail4 ,corbels h1 !re=e1 be5 frequ5tly replac$ by squ9*es--t is to say1 a sy/em ( masonry :i* br+s ! weight at ! extremity to be> on ! walls4 ,! ar*itect :o design$ ! oriel w9d[ ,i h j %[n y did n tr\ble himself to make su* an arrangem5t4 ,he con/ruct$ :at is call$ a bracket--t is1 an inv]t$ pyramid1 by means ( ?ree c\rses ( corbell+2 or1 if y *oose1 project+ "o beyond ! o!r1 s z to obta9 a portion ( a polygon4 ,on ?is support+ surface he has erect$ 8 w9d[ fram+1 :i* is sc>cely #i in*es ?ick4 ,! bracket be+ built into ! wall1 supports ! w9d[ fram+1 )\t be+ ov]-balanc$1 on acc\nt ( ! weight ( ! wall4 ,clos$ balconies ( ?is k9d 7 frequ5tly employ$ dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 because !y gave space 9 ! upp] /ories )\t encroa*+ on ! /reet1 & af=d$ side views4 ,& ?\gh civic regulations no long] all[ u to build ^! projections 9 our cities1 no?+ w\ld h9d] u f erect+ !m :5 we build 9 ! c\ntry4 ,/ill1 !re ought to be a good reason = adopt+ !m4 ,& 9 our case ^! corbel con/ructions s]ve no purpose1 & x w co/ u less to raise our bay w9d[ direct f ! gr\nd40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--;,,bay ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,billi>d-,,room4 ,9 ab\t an h\r ,eugne h&$ to ,paul ! accompany+ sket* 7,fig4 #dd71 giv+ ! arrangem5t ( ! bay w9d[ ( ! billi>d-room1 t he might /udy its con/ruction4 ,x requir$ a good deal ( att5tion f our cl]k-(-works1 & he c\ld n ma/] x ?or\ghly )\t frequ5tly apply+ to 8 c\s9 = in=mation & explanation4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,!oretical ,,/udies--,cont9u$4 ,! wea!r becom+ m & m sev]e prev5t$ ! works f be+ resum$4 ,! p>ts t _h be5 begun 7 hidd5 by a ?ick lay] ( m\ld & /ubble1 :i* 9 its turn 0 cov]$ by a mantle ( sn[4 ,! days 7 sp5t 9 work+ out details :i* 7 to be giv5 to ,bran*u & ! c>p5t] :5 ! wea!r all[$ !m to resume _! lab\rs4 ,dur+ ! long ev5+s1 !oretical que/ions relat+ to build+ 7 discuss$1 :5 ! family 7 assembl$ & ! news ( ! day _h be5 read4 ,to ,paul ?is 0 a means ( ga9+ in/ruction1 & to ! family g5]ally a di/raction f ! gloomy ?\ghts t weigh$ d[n ! spirits ( all amid ! depress+ circum/ances ( ! times4 ,paul _h se5 8 c\s9 draw+ sev]al m\ld+s dur+ ! day1 to _! full size2 b z he _h draw+s ( 8 own to att5d to1 he _h n int]rupt$ 8 "w to put que/ions to 8 ma/]4 ,b 9 ! ev5+ ,paul ask$ :at 7 ! me?ods to be employ$ 9 draw+ ^! m\ld+s4 8,y /ill p]si/ 9 ask+ = recipes1 ,paul10 repli$ ,eugne4 8,b !re are no m any recipes = draw+ m\ld+s ?an = any o!r p>ts ( ! build+4 ,!re are conditions impos$ by ! purpose1 ! nature ( ! mat]ials1 ! me?od ( employ+ !m1 local cu/om1 & ! effect to be obta9$4 ,to ! consid]ation ( ^! conditions jo9 common s5se1 obs]vation1 & /udy1 & y w be able to draw m\ld+s4 8,we w1 if y please1 exam9e ^! conditions sep>ately4 8,! purpose3--,a m\ld+ is execut$1 y mu/ suppose1 = "s object2 if y draw a cornice1 x is to cr[n a wall1 to c>ry a gutt] or ! eaves ( a ro(1 to div]t ! ra9-wat] f ! wall2 t cornice !re=e mu/ project suffici5tly to fulfil t object4--,! nature ( ! mat]ials3--,x is evid5t t if y h1 on ! "o h&1 h>d & t5aci\s /ones1 suppli$ 9 l>ge masses1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 small & friable ones1 y w n be able to give ! same pr(ile to ^! diff]5t k9ds ( mat]ials4--,! me?od ( employ+ ^! /ones mu/ likewise influ5ce ! =m to be giv5 to ?is pr(ile4 ,if we h to hoi/ /ones by ! aid ( v simple & primitive means1 :i* d n all[ u to raise consid]able weights to great elevations1 we mu/ avoid pr(iles requir+ l>ge blocks2 b if we h ! means ( do+ s1 we c adopt !m4--,local cu/om3--,x w be necess>y = y to take acc\nt ( ! cu/oms ( ! di/rict 9 :i* y are build+1 because ^! cu/oms are mo/ frequ5tly ! result ( a judici\s obs]vation ( ! conditions impos$ by ! climate1 ! requirem5ts ( ! neighb\rhood1 ! me?od ( work+1 & ! nature ( ! mat]ial itself4 ,i mean by cu/om1 n c]ta9 import$ me?ods :i* are a m]e affair ( fa%ion1 b ^? :i* h be5 sugge/$1 z ,i h j said1 by long & judici\s obs]vation4--,a skilful ar*itect c give a robu/ or a delicate aspect to a build+ by ! draw+ ( a m\ld+4 ,he %\ld always subord9ate ! draw+ to ! scale ( ! con/ruction & to t ( ! mat]ials4 ,x is ridicul\s to aim at l>ge m\ld+s if we h only ?9ly b$d$ /ones1 or ^? ( yield+ quality1 9 ! same way z x is absurd to give delicate pr(iles to co>se /ones & ^? difficult to cut4 8,y see1 !n1 t 9 ?is1 z 9 all t conc]ns ! art ( build+1 reason+ con/itutes ! fir/ "p ( ! recipe4 8,! ,a!nians1 :o erect$ _! public build+s ( :ite m>ble1 c\ld all[ !mselves ref9em5ts 9 ! draw+ ( _! pr(iles :i* _c be appli$ to ! co>se lime/one ( our c\ntry4 ,& :5 ! ,greeks built edifices ) /one ( a por\s or co>se-gra9$ texture1 !y took c>e to cov] its dress$ surfaces ) a v f9e /ucco1 :i* enabl$ !m to conceal ! co>s5ess ( ! mat]ial4 ,b ?\gh !y 7 able to adopt ?is plan 9 a mild climate :]e x nev] freezes1 x w\ld be impracticable 9 a region l ours1 :]e = two mon?s 9 ! w9t] ! !rmomet] %[s a mean ( #g 7,fahr47 bel[ freez+ po9t1 & occasionally1 z j n[1 falls z l[ z #bg bel[ freez+4 ,?is /ucco w\ld h to be r5ew$ e spr+4 8,our m$ival ar*itects1 :o did n foll[ :at is call$ ! classical tradition pr(ess$ n[ at our cole des ,beaux ,arts1 & :o did n g to ,rome or ,a!ns to /udy ! art ( build+ suitable to ,france1 _h tri$ to discov] t /yle ( pr(ile :i* suits our mat]ials & climate--:i* seems reasonable en\gh2 & !y n only discov]$1 b skilfully appli$ t /yle4 ,i am go+ to give y pro( ( ?is4 8,fir/1 !n1 z !y did n lay /ones 9 ! r\gh1 z ,i h told y1 b ready work$--s t !y did n ne$ ret\*+ :5 once 9 place--!y 7 oblig$ to draw ea* pr(ile )9 ! height ( a s+le c\rse4 ,if ^! c\rses 7 deep1 _! pr(iles might be l>ge2 if !y 7 %all[1 !y mu/ be small4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 8,let u take a /r+-c\rse = example4 ,a /r+-c\rse is a c\rse ( /one :i* indicates a floor--an int]m$iate re/+-place 9 ! height ( a wall4 ,& x is n )\t reason t a project+ c\rse is plac$ at ! level ( a floor3 fir/1 because x is well to give m /r5g? to ! wall at ?is level :]e timb]s are lodg$2 secondly1 because x is necess>y to level up ! build+ at ! same height1 to make x ev5 9 ord] to raise a fre% /ory4 ,b ?is c\rse %\ld n arre/ ! ra9-wat]1 & ?us occasion ! wet to p5etrate into ! walls2 on ! contr>y1 ! pr(ile %\ld be s drawn z to ?r[ (f ! wet1 s t ! timb]s may n decay4 ,obs]ve1 !n 7,a1 ,fig4 #de71 h[ ar*itects :o ?\ght m ( satisfy+ ! requirem5ts ( con/ruction ?an ( borr[+ =ms f edifices t 7 n affect$ by ! conditions impos$ by our climate & /yle ( build+1 usually design$ ! pr(ile ( a /r+-c\rse4 ,!y drew ! l9e a b at an angle ( #fj4 ,f ! po9t c !y let fall a p]p5dicul>1 c b1 on ?is l9e a b4 ,! angle a b c 0 !re=e a "r angle4 ,tak+ f b to d a great] or less l5g? accord+ to ! h>dness ( ! /one1 !y holl[$ out ! m\ld+ e1 :i* we call a wat]-drip1 or ?roat2 s t ! ra9-wat] fall+ on ! incl9$ surface a b did n /ay !re1 b foll[+ ! direction b d necess>ily fell to ! gr\nd at d1 s9ce x w\ld n asc5d into ! holl[4 ,! surface ( ! wall1 c f1 0 !re=e protect$4 ,if a cornice 0 to be made 7z at ,b71 !y laid a fir/ c\rse g to support ! projection ( ! table h2 !n !y laid1 z a second c\rse1 ?is table h1 tak+ c>e to provide a drip at i4 ,if ?is table _h to receive a metal or /one gutt]1 !y took c>e to cut a slope f j to k1 leav+ ! b$ horizontal :]e ! jo9ts occur1 z %[n 9 p]spective at ,c4 ,! gutt] re/$ !n on ! blocks left at l1 & if x all[$ ! ra9-wat] to escape by ! jo9ts1 ^! dripp+s f9d+ ! slope k j1 foll[$ x1 rea*$ ! ?roat i1 & fell to ! gr\nd )\t p5etrat+ into ! int]ior ( ! wall4 ,accord+ z ! /one employ$ 0 h>d or s(t1 ! m\ld+s 7 m or less deep or %all[4 ,i suppose "h ! pr(ile to be cut 9 a /one ( mod]ate h>dness1 :]eas1 if ! /one is v h>d1 y c give ! pr(ile a %>p] outl9e z at ,d4 ,y w !n obta9 a m /rik+ effect1 d>k] %ades & m brilliant lights4 ,b 9 draw+ ext]ior pr(iles1 y mu/ always consid] ! direction ( ! sol> rays4 8,if1 = example1 y trace a pr(ile su* z ?is at ,e1 x is evid5t t z ! sun's rays foll[ ! direction ,o ,p1 all y\r m\ld+s w rema9 9 ! %ade1 & w produce no effect4 ,b z soon z ! sun gets l[] & its rays h a m incl9$ direction1 ,r ,s1 all ! m\ld+s w receive l9es ( light ( ne>ly equal /r5g?1 & ! pr(ile w give a s]ies ( uni=m lights & %ad[s :i* w n indicate ! projection4 ,b if y draw ?is pr(ile accord+ to figure ,f1 ! sol> rays foll[+ ! same direction o' p'1 w meet ! projections n m1 :i* w be lum9\s1 & :5 ! direction is l[]$ y w always get diff]5ces ( relation betwe5 ! lights & %ad[s4 ,i give y only g5]al views "h2 x is = y to obs]ve & pr(it by y\r own obs]vations :5 y h ! opportunity ( /udy+ actual build+s4 8,x is also v important to make ! draw+ ( y\r pr(iles con=m to ! nature ( ! mat]ials employ$4 ,y _c give to a mat]ial t is m\ld$1 ca/ or run1--l pla/] or cem5ts & mort>s--! pr(iles t are suitable to /one4 ,mat]ials ?us laid on are adapt$ only to a f9e & slightly project+ m\ld+4 ,9 ! same way1 if y design pr(iles = works 9 wood1 y mu/ consid] ! ligne\s & t5aci\s quality ( ?is mat]ial1 & avoid surfaces ( too great ext5t3 y mu/ n leave out ( sight ! fact t wood all[s ( delicate workman%ip2 t x is employ$ only 9 pieces t are relatively ?92 & t to be prop]ly work$1 x requires ! use ( edg$ tools1 su* z *isels & planes1 :i* foll[ ! gra9 & are ) difficulty work$ across ! gra94 ,9 all ?is1 economy is 9 unison ) common s5se & ! good effect produc$2 = if y *oose to introduce a pr(ile t does n suit ! mat]ial us$1 y w give occasion to ! employm5t ( unusually difficult & consequ5tly exp5sive processes1 & y\r "w appe>s pa9ful1 affect$1 & labori\s4 ,"s ar*itects ?9k to create a/oni%m5t by ?us adopt+ processes :i* d n h>monize ) ! mat]ials !y use2 :o1 if !y are con/ruct+ ) brick1 /rive to give to _! build+ ! appe>ance ( a con/ruction 9 /one2 :o affect to imitate m>ble 9 wood1 or wood 9 pla/]2 :o seem 9 fact to make x _! object to give to ea* ( ! mat]ials employ$ =ms t are n appropriate to _! nature4 ,obs]ve ^! undesirable me?ods1 ) a view ( always avoid+ !m1 if y w\ld be an ar*itect4 ,! p]v]t$ ta/e ( mo/ ( ^? p]sons :o employ build]s is (t5 an ob/acle to ! use ( s5sible me?ods2 b un=tunately1 among u1 classical /udies h l$ arti/s into ?is false c\rse1 & 9 ! end ! public h become enam\r$ ( ! undesirable results to :i* x conducts2 s t x is (t5 difficult to induce employ]s to li/5 to reason1 & to proce$ accord+ to ! dictates ( a j appreciation ( ! prop] use ( mat]ials4 ,b be ?is z x may1 ?is is "o ( ! que/ions 9 reg>d to :i* an ar*itect :o respects 8 art ought nev] to yield40 8,x is1 9 fact10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau1 8a /range mania possess+ "s p :o h build+ done = !m1 to presume to impose ! mo/ ridicul\s fancies on _! ar*itects2 b x is n ( mod]n date1 s9ce ,philib]t de l',orme us$ to compla9 ( x ev5 9 8 "t40 8,philib]t de l',orme10 rem>k$ ,paul1 801 ,i believe1 ! ar*itect ( ! ,tuil]ies40 8,yes1 9 "p at lea/10 repli$ ,eugne2 8b y h 8 book1 if ,i mi/ake n1 9 y\r libr>y40 8,c]ta9ly2 & ,i w g & f9d x = y40 ,m4 de ,g&elau soon return$ to ! draw+-room c>ry+ ! v5]able folio4 8,"h10 said he to 8 son1 8,i give x to y1 & y w d well to /udy ^! pages4 ,look at ! title ( ! ,preface4 #8,notewor?y consid]ations = ^? :o lightly und]take to build )\t ! advice & c\nsel ( le>n$ ar*itects2 & conc]n+ ! faults !y commit & ! inconv5i5ces t arise f !m6' ,?is w make a comm5cem5t ( y\r libr>y z an ar*itect if y are go+ to *oose t vocation2 & y c\ld n h be=e y a book bett] adapt$ to inspire correct s5tim5ts & respect = t pr(ession4 ,i _c give any op9ion ( its te*nical m]its1 :i* ,i _c appreciate2 b ?r\gh read+ a few ( ^! pages ,i h at lea/ sp>$ myself ! exp5sive ambition1 by :i* "s own]s ( prop]ty are possess$1 ( be+ my own ar*itect40 8,! s9c]ity ( ,philib]t de l',orme 0 n pr(itable to him10 rejo9$ ,eugne4 8,p]haps n2 b he has left u a book :i* makes u e/eem him z a man1 indep5d5tly ( 8 m]its z an ar*itect1 ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] its publication1 s9ce x dates f #aegf2 ?is di/9ction 0 acquir$ at ! co/ ( "s annoyance dur+ 8 life1 = we d n feel gratitude to p = tell+ u ! tru? :5 !y are no long] "h to reap ! rew>d ( _! s9c]ity f public op9ion40 8,hem6 444 !n we mu/ n be surpris$ if few p d>e to proclaim ^! tru?s1 & if ar*itects--s9ce !y are on ! tapis--pref] to ?is po/hum\s glory t quiet & com=t :i* complaisance t[>ds _! cli5ts dur+ _! life procures = !m1 ?\gh ?is may occasion regret to ! latt] :5 ! evil _c be rem$i$1 or may involve !m 9 useless exp5se40 8,come1 come10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau1 8y are n "o ( ! comply+ ar*itects to :om y ref]1 & yet y h /ill a v fair practice4 ,i d n "k :e!r y w be talk$ ( ?ree c5turies h5ce1 b ,i "k t y are e/eem$ n[40 8,! s5tim5t y h j utt]$ is !re=e n absolutely true40 8,no1 c]ta9ly2 discretion tells = mu* 9 ?is matt]1 & !re is a way ( utt]+ tru?s4 ,y mu/1 h[ev]1 all[ t y h lo/ m ?an "o engagem5t ?r\gh hav+ be5 too outspok5 at ! comm5cem5t40 8,d\btless2 ,i h ev5 good reason to suppose t if ,i _h n be5 aid$ by c]ta9 fav\rable circum/ances :i* br\ght me into connection ) cli5ts accu/om$ to deal ) affairs ( a high & lib]al ord]--) m5 ( m9ds too elevat$ & s]i\s to occupy !mselves ) ! details ( our pr(ession--,i %\ld n h f\nd mu* to d4 ,f a g5]al po9t ( view y are "r2 mo/ p]sons ab\t to build fe> to apply to ar*itects :o are skilful 9 _! pr(ession1 b :o are ( an indep5d5t "*4 ,:at !y look = 7& 9 ?is1 wom5 (t5 ex]cise an injuri\s influ5ce7 are complaisant m$iocrities1 :o w l5d !mselves to all _! fancies1 ( :i* !y w h ! satisfaction ( rep5t+ soon aft]w>ds40 8,y attack u unju/ly10 repli$ ,madame de ,g&elau2 8wom5 d n presume to be connoisseurs 9 ar*itecture1 & !y ask = no?+ b a good arrangem5t ( ! int]ior ( a h\se2 :i* is natural en\gh1 s9ce !y h ! direction ( dome/ic affairs1 & !y1 m ?an any o!rs1 suff] f ! inconv5i5t or faulty arrangem5ts ( _! dwell+s40 8,i grant x2 b :ile1 on ! "o h&1 ! mi/ress asks = arrangem5ts (t5 ( a complicat$ k9d1 & requir+ a peculi> disposition ( ap>tm5ts to suit h] conv5i5ce1 & ! ma/] on ! o!r h& wi%es = an ext]ior pres5t+ a peculi> /yle or aspect ) :i* he is smitt51 x is difficult1 if n impossible1 to reconcile ^! two requirem5ts1 :i* are (t5 contradictory2 s t ! un=tunate ar*itect1 desir+ to please ev]ybody1 & to grant mutually exclusive wi%es1 c a*ieve no good result1 & :5 ! "w is f9i%$ ea* p>ty blames him4 ,h[ _m times h ,i be5 call$ 9 to rem$y blund]s1--bad "w result+ f ! ar*itect's hav+ be5 ?us worri$1 & f 8 fatal complaisance4 ,& ^! p w\ld tell me t !y 7 desols n to h select$ me to direct ! und]tak+4 ,x 0 a little too late1 yet ! example did n b5efit o!rs40 8,:at c be done80 rejo9$ ,madame de ,g&elau4 8,if ?+s are z y say1 y are (f]+ ,paul a pr(ession ^: duties involve impossibilities2 & unless he obta9s employm5t f ! gov]nm5t44440 8,oh6 t is too unc]ta9 a *ance1 & a c>e] t dep5ds on ! gov]nm5t sc>cely des]ves ! "n4 ,a man ought to be able to get on )\t reckon+ on ?is v prec>i\s support4 ,besides1 ! elect are v few40 8,well !n80 8,:y !n we mu/ tea*2 we mu/ endeav\r to make k1 reason1 & ! habit ( reflection1 p5etrate ev]y:]e1 & especially into ! m9ds ( ! ris+ g5]ation4 ,:5 ! influ5tial classes1--^? :o employ build]s1 & :o1 x may be inf]r$1 are fav\r$ by =tune1--"k a little m ?an !y d n[1 !y w p]ceive t !y h ev]y?+ to le>n 9 all bran*es ( practical k1 & t ! be/ !y c d is to h rec\rse to pr(essional m5 9 ! treatm5t ( /rictly pr(essional matt]s1 & to leave !m free scope4 ,9 ! case ( an op]ation1 nobody has ! presumption to advise ! surgeon h[ x %\ld be p]=m$4 ,:y !n %\ld ev]ybody make bold to give 8 op9ion to an ar*itect respect+ ! me?od 9 :i* 8 "w is to be accompli%$80 8,! cases are n exactly alike40 8,ne>ly2 b z ! =m] is a matt] ( life & dea?1 n a ^w is brea!d 9 ! pres5ce ( ! surgeon2 :ile1 s9ce ! latt] involves only ! pocket1--sometimes ! heal? inde$1 b only ev5tually1--ea* has a sugge/ion to make to ! ar*itect40 8,we h w&]$ r f> f m\ld+s10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau1 ris+4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,/udies ,,int]rupt$4 ,a few days aft] ?is conv]sation a consid]able numb] ( troops trav]s$ ! c\ntry4 ,! ,g]mans 7 manuvr+ on bo? sides ( ! ,loire1 & 7 ?reat5+ ,t\rs4 ,a g5]al (fic] 0 qu>t]$ at ,m4 de ,g&elau's :o 0 acqua9t$ ) ,eugne4 ,! latt] 0 impati5t at ! inactivity to :i* he _h be5 condemn$ s9ce ! w> _h begun to take s fatal a turn4 ,9 ! ev5+ he _h a long conv]sation ) ?is (fic]1 & next morn+ ann\nc$ to ,m4 de ,g&elau t he 0 int5d+ to set out ) ! corps :i* 0 trav]s+ ! c\ntry2 obs]v+ t (fic]s ( ! ,eng9e]s 7 want+1 & t he c\ld at ne$ fulfil _! functions2 t 8 fri5d1 ! g5]al1 v mu* approv$ 8 det]m9ation2 & t 9 circum/ances ( su* gravity he ?\ght x 8 duty n to hesitate to g1 z he might possibly be ( "s s]vice4 ,m4 de ,g&elau did n attempt to keep him2 he und]/ood too well ! s5tim5ts by :i* 8 gue/ 0 influ5c$4 8,:at %all we d ) ,paul80 said he to ,eugne4 8,i believe y h ,vitruvius 9 ! orig9al 9 y\r libr>y80 8,yes40 8,well1 if y w let me h x = an h\r be=e ,i g1 ,i %all be able to expla9 to ,paul h[ he %\ld set to "w ) ?is treatise3 t w prev5t him f =gett+ 8 ,lat91 & fur!r him 9 ! /udies we h comm5c$40 8,an excell5t idea40 8,y w require ,paul to give y1 twice a week1 ! translation ( a *apt]1 ) explanatory draw+s3 t w keep 8 h& 9 & occupy 8 m9d4 ,i d n suppose 8 translation w sup]s$e ev5 ,p]rault's2 b t does n matt]1 he w n be los+ 8 "t absolutely4 ,z soon z ,i c return y %all see me aga940 ,paul 0 disconsolate at 8 c\s9's dep>ture1 & at n be+ able to accompany him2 he w\ld h greatly lik$ to foll[ up 8 /udies 9 ! art ( build+ by a c\rse ( milit>y eng9e]+ 9 ! field1 b ?is w\ld h emb>rass$ 8 c\s91 & ,madame de ,g&elau w\ld sc>cely h surviv$ h] anxiety4 ,paul 0 furni%$ ) ! edition ( ,vitruvius1 & ! "w to :i* he 0 to devote himself 0 expla9$ to him4 ,two h\rs aft]1 ,eugne1 provid$ ) a small portmanteau1 0 on 8 way ) 8 fri5d1 ! g5]al2 ^: corps 0 en r\te = ,*ateaur\x4 ,promises to write z (t5 z possible _h be5 giv5 on bo? sides4 ,we c easily imag9e ! gloomy aspect :i* ,m4 de ,g&elau's h\se assum$ aft] ?is ha/y dep>ture4 ,at ! v beg9n+ ( ! w> he _h equipp$ & despat*$ all 8 able-bodi$ dep5dants4 ,!re rema9$ only two or ?ree old m5-s]vants1 & "s female dome/ics ^: husb&s or *ildr5 7 = ! mo/ "p 9 ! army4 ,monsieur & ,madame de ,g&elau ceas$ to use ! draw+-room1 9 :i* b$s _h be5 plac$ = ! w\nd$ 9 case any %\ld come4 ,! family us$ to assemble 9 ,madame de ,g&elau's room1 & took _! meals 9 a small ap>tm5t t usually s]v$ = a pantry4 ,paul1 :5 8 c\s9 0 gone1 w5t to pay a visit to ! works4 ,!y 7 des]t$2 sn[ cov]$ ! heap ( wall+ /ones1 ! cut /ones1 & ! scatt]$ timb]s4 ,! walls1 :i* _h rea*$ a c]ta9 height1 protect$ by /raw & surm\nt$ by a cre/ ( sn[--_! surfaces %[+ br[n 9 contra/ ) ! :ite veil t mantl$ !m--& "s pieces ( wood black ) damp1 gave to ^! incipi5t con/ructions ! aspect ( ! dbris ( a conflagration4 ,al?\gh at ,paul's age "y p are n v accessible to sombre ?\ghts1 ! poor boy c\ld n re/ra9 8 te>s 9 pres5ce ( ?is sc5e ( desolation4 ,he recall$ 9 ?\ght ?is spot s animat$ a mon? be=e ) its b&s ( active workm54 ,all 7 gone1 & ! s\l ( ?is habitation1 :i* he _h begun to associate ) all ! joys ( family life1 _h j quitt$ him4 ,9 spite ( ! cold he seat$ himself on a /one1 8 head 9 8 h&s1 ov]:elm$ ) gloomy ?\ghts4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ deep grief1 ! fir/ sev]e disappo9tm5t1 he _h exp]i5c$3 x seem$ to him t all 0 ov]1 & t !re 0 no m hope nor happ9ess possible = him 9 ?is _w4 ,a h& laid ^u 8 %\ld] made him />t2 he rais$ 8 head--8 fa!r 0 beh9d him4 ,paul ?rew himself into 8 arms at once1 sobb+4 8,come1 ,paul1 my boy1 calm y\rself10 said ,m4 de ,g&elau to him4 8,we are liv+ 9 a "t ( trials2 :o kn[s :at are res]v$ = u8 ,= u1 inde$1 !y h sc>cely begun4 ,?9k h[ mu* suff]+ !re is 9 ,france n[6 ,:at are our anxieties & griefs comp>$ ) ! angui% suff]$ by o!rs6 ,res]ve y\r te>s2 p]haps y w h only too frequ5t occasion = !m4 ,we ne$ n be 9 a hurry to despond4 ,i obs]v$ y go+ 9 ?is direction1 & foll[$ y1 anticipat+ y\r melan*oly feel+s4 ,b1 aft] all1 :at is !re to grieve ov]8 ,no?+1 or only a trifle4 ,set to "w aga9 c\rage\sly1 alone1 s9ce our fri5d has be5 oblig$ to quit u to fulfil a sacr$ duty4 ,he w return2 y h le>n$ to love & e/eem him m3 prove to him t y are wor?y ( ! affection he has exhibit$ to y by %[+ him "s ?or\ghly good "w :5 he comes back4 8,c]ta9ly he w\ld be t\*$ by y\r grief1 ( :i* 8 abs5ce is to a great ext5t ! cause2 be assur$ t he w\ld be /ill m t\*$ to see t y _h scrupul\sly foll[$ 8 la/ in/ructions1 & t 8 pres5ce is n ! only inducem5t to make y l "w40 ,fa!r & son rega9$ ! h\se4 ,! c\nsels ( ,m4 de ,g&elau1 & ! pa9s he took to give ,paul a glimpse ( bright] days1 _h by degrees re/or$ to him1 if n gaiety1 at lea/ tranquillity ( m9d & ! desire to d 8 be/4 ,m4 de ,g&elau mo/ dread$ = 8 son a feel+ ( despond5cy--t vague & /]ile sadness on :i* y\? sometimes loves to fe$1 & :i* en]vates ! mo/ gift$ m9ds4 ,he !re=e ent]$ ,paul's room1 & tak+ up ,vitruvius1 :i* _h be5 left on ! table1 began to look ?r\gh x4 ,m4 de ,g&elau 0 a good s*ol>1 ?\gh he nev] made a p>ade ( 8 acquirem5ts4 ,!y 7 a possession he res]v$ = himself4 ,famili> ) ! classics1 he c\ld read ! text ( ,vitruvius1 if n expla9 x ar*itecturally 9 all its p>ts4 8,/ay10 said he to ,paul1 8"h is a *apt] :i* mu/ be int]e/+1 & :i* may tea* y _m ?+s2 x is ,*apt] ,,viii43 ,de g5]ibus /ructur et e>um qualitatibus1 modis ac locis4 ,h[ w\ld y translate ?is title80 8,( ! k9ds ( con/ructions1 & _! qualities1 accord+ to cu/oms & localities10 repli$ ,paul4 8,yes1 t is ! translation4 ,b on look+ ?r\gh ?is *apt]1 ,i see t masonry only is consid]$2 ! au?or1 9 mak+ use ( ! ^w /ructura1 seems to me to h wi%$ only to treat ( con/ructions ( brick or /one4 ,x w\ld be bett]1 d\btless1 to r5d] ! passage ?us3 ,( ! diff]5t k9ds ( masonry1 & ! prop]ties ( ?is /ructure accord+ to local usages & circum/ances4 8,well1 set to "w to translate ?is eigh? *apt]4 ,i see t ! au?or has describ$ ! k9ds ( masonry ^: use he recomm5ds on su* or su* occasions4 ,y w !re=e h to illu/rate y\r translation by sket*es4 ,come6 take c\rage1 & imag9e y\r c\s9 at h& ready to rectify y\r mi/akes40 ,paul !re=e set himself to "w1 endeav\r+ to embody 9 sket*es ea* ( ,vitruvius's descriptions4 ,?is gave him no little tr\ble1 ( c\rse2 _m words 7 new to him1 & ! diction>y help$ him only v imp]fectly :5 x 0 necess>y to "k _! exact s5se4 ,nev]!less1 by degrees ! "w acquir$ a *>m = him4 ,to fur!r 8 compreh5sion ( ! au?or he tri$ to recall to m9d build+s he _h se52 he rememb]$ "s in/ructions giv5 by ,eugne2 & put on pap]1 to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 opposite ! translation1 sket*es tol]ably drawn1 if !y 7 n ! true expression ( ! descriptions 9 ! orig9al4 ,?us1 dur+ ! end ( ! mon? ( ,decemb] & ! comm5cem5t ( ,janu>y1 he succe$$ 9 translat+ a doz5 *apt]s :i* 8 fa!r select$ = him1 giv+ illu/rations ( ! text4 ,?is gave him a great desire to become acqua9t$ ) ! build+s exi/+ 9 8 au?or's times1 & he exam9$ att5tively a set ( engrav+s by ,piranesi descriptive ( anci5t ,rome1 & :i* 8 fa!r possess$4 ,m4 de ,g&elau _h advis$ ,paul to write d[n ! que/ions :i* 8 read+ sugge/$ to him1 s z to submit !m to ,eugne on 8 return4 ,?us ! days pass$ rapidly away3 & al?\gh sadness & anxiety d>k5$ e h\r1 yet1 z ,m4 de ,g&elau 0 incessantly occupi$ 9 reliev+ ! mis]y ar\nd him & organiz+ ! /ruggle aga9/ ! invad]s1 :ile ,paul 0 work+ ) en]gy & see+ 8 results accumulat+1 & ,madame de ,g&elau _h organiz$ a workroom 9 :i* ! wom5 ( ! village 7 engag$ 9 provid+ l95 = our un=tunate & de/itute soldi]s1 :5 ! ev5+ arriv$1 ! memb]s ( ! family c\ld /ill assemble ) t feel+ ( secret joy :i* duty accompli%$ procures4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ,janu>y ! inmates ( ! *teau le>n$ f ! newspap]s t an armi/ice _h be5 sign$4 ,?\gh ?is news ann\nc$ ! end ( ! /ruggle1 x presag$ ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev]e/ humiliations4 ,x produc$1 !re=e1 a sad1 r ?an consolatory impression4 ,a few days aft]w>ds ,eugne return$ to ! *teau4 ,x ne$ n be said t he 0 welcom$ ) op5 arms1 & t ,paul especially manife/$ 8 joy4 ,!y talk$ ( resum+ ! works4 ,! la/ lett]s ( ,madame ,m>ie ann\nc$ t %e w\ld be home aga9 t[>ds ! end ( ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,^! lett]s1 fill$ z !y 7 ) expressions ( ! anxiety--! angui%--felt by ! writ] 9 h] abs5ce f ,france1 said no?+ ( ! future h\se4 ,if !n x c\ld be f9i%$1 ! surprise w\ld be complete4 ,:ile ,eugne 0 enjoy+ ! re/ he s mu* ne$$1 he look$ ?r\gh & revis$ ,paul's translation1 & correct$ 8 sket*es4 ,a fair copy 0 made ( ! :ole2 & ! fir/ days ( ,m>* drew on1 :5 x 0 decid$ to recomm5ce ! works4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,build+ ,,recomm5c$--,,! ,,timb] ,,"w4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ,m>*1 ! wea!r be+ f9e1 ! works 7 resum$1 & in/ructions = execut+ ! floors & ro(s _h to be giv5 to ! c>p5t]1 t no "t might be lo/4 ,paul 0 beg9n+ to und]/& 8 c\s9's sket*es m readily1 & to be able to make himself useful4 ,besides1 he _h acquir$ ! excell5t habit ( ask+ = explanations :5 he _h reason to suppose on a fir/ view t he c\ld n fai?fully int]pret a r\gh sket*2 & ,eugne 0 n sp>+ ( explanation & comm5t>ies4 ,8 pati5ce 0 inexhau/ible4 ,nev]!less1 e "t ,paul 0 emb>rass$ & 0 unable to solve a difficult "q1 be=e putt+ him 9 ! way to d s1 ,eugne us$ to let him try = a reasonable "t4 8,reflect10 he w\ld say to him1 8& y w be sure to f9d "s solution4 ,if x is n ! "r "o1 ,i w help y2 b y mu/ get "s result = y\rself4 ,x is impossible to h a cle> und]/&+ ( a solution giv5 by a p]son :o und]/&s ! matt]1 until we h ?or\ghly consid]$ x1 & made "s ef=ts to solve ! giv5 problem ourselves4 ,?is is a necess>y prelim9>y ex]cise1 & "o :i* puts ! m9d 9 a "r /ate = compreh5d+4 ,draw a g5]al section ( ! ma9 build+ ?r\gh ! billi>d-room & y\r bro!r-9-law's /udy3 ,i mean a transv]se section :i* w indicate ! walls1 ! floors1 ! fireplaces1 & ro(s4 ,y h ne>ly all ! necess>y elem5ts4 ,endeav\r to arrange ! :ole 9 prop] ord]1 t y may make all ! p>ts ( ! build+ cle> to y\rself4 ,i d n wi% to see ?is section till y h f9i%$ x4 ,n till !n %all ,i correct x2 & t correction w be ( advantage to y40 ,mak+ use1 !re=e1 ( ! details already drawn1 ,paul drew ! transv]se section1 n )\t difficulty2 b ! ro(-timb]s 7 s+ul>ly conceiv$1--_! composition appe>$ to him difficult & complicat$4 ,he did n "k h[ to close ! wide op5+ betwe5 ! billi>d-room & ! draw+-room4 ,! dorm]-w9d[s ( ! ro( emb>rass$ him consid]ably4 ,besides1 he _h mu* difficulty 9 realiz+ ! junction ( all ^! p>ts4 ,9 spite ( all 8 ef=ts he c\ld n succe$ 9 repres5t+ cle>ly _! relative positions4 ,he 0 n satisfi$1 & frankly told 8 c\s9 s4 8,i am v glad10 repli$ ! latt]1 8t y are n satisfi$4 ,x w\ld be a bad sign if y 71 = x w\ld prove t y _h n made any great ef=t4 ,y\r walls are fairly 9 _! "r place accord+ to ! section we h tak54 ,b ! timb]s1 ! dorm]-w9d[s6--?is c\ld n hold toge!r1 & is want+ 9 simplicity4 ,:y s _m pieces ( wood8444 ,h y assur$ y\rself ( _! utility8 ,we h walls2 let u make use ( !m4 ,:y n make use ( ! wall :i* sep>ates ! billi>d-room f ! /udy to be> ! ro(+ timb]s 9 "p8--especially z ?is wall receives *imney flues1 :i* mu/ surely be c>ri$ up ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,y did n rememb] ! *imneys2 t is ?\ghtlessness1 = y see !m m>k$ 9 ! plans ( ! gr\nd floor & ( ! fir/ & second floors40 8,i c]ta9ly ?\ght ( !m10 repli$ ,paul2 8b ,i did n "k h[ to c>ry !m up ?r\gh ! ro(40 8,& s y did n draw !m2 t is c]ta9ly a way ( avoid+ ! difficulty2 b yet y "k !y mu/ g up ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,t ,i _c approve (2 putt+ aside a "q is n solv+ x4 ,come1 let u revise all ?is toge!r40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--,,transv]se ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,h\se4 ,! section 0 soon correct$ 7,fig4 #df71 & ,eugne did n fail to furni% x 9 detail1 accord+ to ! uses ( ! ap>tm5ts ?r\gh :i* ! section 0 drawn2 :i* pleas$ ,paul greatly1 z he c\ld ?us realize ! billi>d-room complet$1 ) its op5+ into ! draw+-room1 8 bro!r-9-law's /udy1 ) its doors2 !n above1 8 b$room1 dress+-room1 & ! two attic rooms4 ,?is draw+ appe>$ to him *>m+2 he c\ld fancy himself already ent]+ ! ap>tm5ts & enjoy+ 8 si/]'s surprise on exam9+ ^! int]iors4 ,he 0 want+ to %[ all ^! pretty ?+s to ,madame de ,g&elau directly1 b ,eugne p]suad$ him to h a little pati5ce4 8,all ?is10 he said1 8is a m]e trifle inde$--no?+ b fancy2 we %all h to furni% ! details ( ! woodwork & int]nal arrangem5ts1 & :5 we come to /udy !m we %all f9d mu* to revise4 ,leave (f look+ at ^! int]iors = a few m9utes1 & let u exam9e ! timb]-"w ( ! ro(4 ,let u draw x 9 plan40 7,fig4 #dg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 8,! walls ,a ,b are ! gables :i* are to support ! purl9s4 ,we h at ,c ,d two cross-walls1 :i* also =m gables1 & w also receive ! purl9s4 ,b ! spaces ,e ,c are too wide = purl9s f ,e to ,c4 ,!y measure #bb feet betwe52 n[ ! purl9s mu/ n h a be>+ ( m ?an #ac feet if we w\ld avoid _! b5d+4 ,int]m$iate pr9cipals are !re=e necess>y at ,g ,h1 aga9/ ! sides ( ! middle dorm]s ,i4 ,! purl9s f ,a to ,g w n !n exce$ #ac feet 9 l5g?1 & we %all be able to /r5g!n !m by means ( /ruts f ! end gables4 ,f ,k to ,l !re w be valley-raft]s at ! p5etration ( ! ro(s4 ,let u fir/ consid] ! pr9cipals ,g ,h 7,fig4 #dh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 8,! height betwe5 ! floors ( ! /ory 9 ! ro( %\ld be #aj feet4 ,we w put two ma9 supports ,a1 fix$ into foot-pieces connect$ by a tie-rod1 :i* w pass "u ! floor2 ^u ^! supports a tie-beam ,b2 !n to secure ! tie-beam to ^! supports1 clip-braces ,c4 ,on ! ends ( ?is tie-beam w re/ ! purl9s ,d4 ,! blades ,e w fa/5 into ?is tie-beam & into ! k+-po/ ,f4 ,b5ea? ! second purl9s ,h1 x w be necess>y to put clips ,g1 =m+ a coll>-beam4 ,! ridge-pole ,i w be c>ri$ by ! k+-po/1 ) diagonal /ruts4 ,! o!r ends ( ! purl9s w re/ 9 ! gables4 ,?us we %all be enabl$ to fix ! raft]s :i* w receive ! batt5s & ! slates4 ,^! timb]s 7tie-beams1 coll>-beams1 & blades7 may pass ?r\gh ! longitud9al wall ,k1 conta9+ ! *imney flues1 & 9 turn ! ro(-timb]s w /ay ! wall1 :ile ! wall supports & /iff5s ! ro(4 ,z to ! middle ( ! build+1 hav+ ! two walls ,c ,d1 x w suffice to re/ ! ridge-pole ,l across1 & relieve its be>+ ) two /ruts ,m1 t5on$ into ! ends ( a beam ,n1 :i* w prev5t _! spread+4 ,at ! level ( ! latt] we w place ! beams a b 7see ,fig4 #dg71 :i* w receive ! ridge-poles ,o ( ! cross-ro(s4 ,^! beams w also be reliev$ by /ruts ,r4 ,on ! ridge-poles ,o w come ! meet+ ( ! valley-raft]s ,s 7%[n 9 elevation at ,s74 ,?us ! raft]+ w be ev]y:]e well support$2 &1 relatively to ! surface ( ! build+1 we %all use b a small quantity ( timb]1 s9ce we take e possible advantage ( ! support af=d$ u by ! int]ior walls4 ,! gables w enable u to avoid ! necessity ( hip-ro(s1 :i* are difficult to contrive & require a good deal ( timb]4 ,!re rema9s ! ro( ( ! /aircase4 ,9 ord] t y may und]/& h[ to con/ruct x1 ,i am go+ to draw x = y 9 p]spective4 ,?is ro( is support$ by walls :i* rise above ! cornice ( ! build+1 b x p5etrates ! ma9 ro( at ,x 7see ,fig4 #dg74 ,if y exam9e ! draw+ 7,fig4 #ci71 y w obs]ve t ! walls ( ! /aircase leave an angle )\t any v]tical support ov] ! entrance-hall4 ,x w be necess>y !n to provide a be>+ = ! hip ( ! ro( :i* comes ov] t space4 ,to effect ?is1 we w place on ! two wall ends a small pr9cipal :i* %all receive ! foot ( ! hip-raft] ,v1 d5ot$ 9 ,fig4 #dg4 ,?is arrangem5t is app>5t 9 ! p]spective draw+ 7,fig4 #di71 :i* gives ! squ>e t[] ( ! pr9cipal /airs ) its ro(-fram+4 ,we w raise ! oblong newel ,a ( ?is /airs up to ! level ( ! cornice4 ,^u ! walls we w lay ! wall-plates ,b2 !n f ! ?ree angles to ! newel1 ! foot-pieces ,c4 ,on ! ends1 halv$ toge!r1 ( ^! foot-pieces we w erect ! two k+-po/s ,p1 & ! ?ree hip-raft]s ,e4 ,! feet ( ! two k+-po/s w be connect$ by ! clips ,f4 ,z to ! back hip-raft] ,g1 x w fix into ! front ( ! k+-po/ ( ! little pr9cipal1 z ,i %[ y at ,g2 & 9 ord] to h9d] ! pr9cipal f be+ ?ru/ out by ?is hip-raft]1 clips ,h w connect ! head ( ! k+-po/ ( ! little pr9cipal ) ! k+-po/ ,d ( ! ro(4 ,on ! angles ( ! hip-raft]s at ,i1 x w be necess>y to fix "s blocks to c>ry ! ends ,k ( ! purl9s1 :i* w support ! be>+ ( ! raft]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 8,at ,l y see ! gable :i* has to jo9 ! ro( ( ! /aircase2 & d n =get t /one fillet+s ,m mu/ be built into ! walls aga9/ :i* ro(s abut1 =m+ a wea!r-m\ld+ above ^! ro(s1 to h9d] ! ra9-wat] f gett+ 9 betwe5 ! slat+ & ! wall4 ,fillet+s are mo/ commonly made ) mort> or cem5t1 on ! ro(+ itself2 b z t is subject to movem5t1 ^! fillet+s break away & h to be con/antly r5ew$4 ,built into ! masonry above ! slope ( ! ro(+1 !y cov] ! junction ( ! slate or tile ) ! walls1 &1 be+ indep5d5t ( ! ro(1 !y _c suff] f any giv+ 9 ! timb]s4 8,y w draw ! ro(s to a scale ( a qu>t] ( an in* to a foot2 ,i w correct y\r draw+s1 & we w give !m to ! c>p5t]1 9 ord] t he may prep>e 8 timb]s z soon z possible4 ,we w figure ! scantl+s ( ^! timb]s4 ,?us1 ! blades on ! pr9cipal raft]s %\ld be #h in*es #g in*es1 ! coll>-clips #c in*es #g in*es1 ! k+-po/s #g in*es #g in*es1 ! tie-beam ! same1 ! ma9 supports #h in*es #h in*es1 ! raft]s #c in*es #d in*es1 ! purl9s #h in*es #h in*es1 )\t sap or flaws40 8,:at d y mean by flaws80 8,depressions2 defici5cies ( mat]ial app>5t at ! corn]s :5 timb]s are squ>$ :i* are r crook$1 & :i* !reby leave sap visible on ^! corn]s & ev5 a holl[ place1 su* z ,i m>k "h at ,a 7,fig4 #ej74 ,y w be c>eful n to all[ flaws 9 timb]s :i* ! c>p5t] may employ = ! ro(s & joi/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 8,9 consid]+ our floors1 ,i see t = ! billi>d-room1 ! d9+-room1 & ! draw+-room1 we %all d well to h 9 ea* ( ^! ap>tm5ts two beams to take ! joi/s1 on acc\nt ( ! wid? ( be>+1 & ! p>titions :i* come ov] ^! floors4 ,y rememb] t we def]r$ ?is "q1 & t 9 ! detail 7,fig4 #db71 & 9 ! section 7,fig4 #df71 we h suppos$ ! exi/5ce ( ^! beams4 ,! joi/s 9 ^! ?ree rooms1 in/ead ( be>+ f "o side wall to ! o!r1 w be> f ! gable walls on to ! beams4 ,b ^! beams1 ?\gh cut f ! be/ oak1 inv>iably deflect soon] or lat]2 :i*1 to say ! lea/1 looks v bad4 ,we w !re=e make !m ea* 9 two pieces1 sawn ?r\gh 9 ! mann] ,i %[$ y = l9tels1 & betwe5 ! two pieces we w int]pose a ?9 plate ( iron4 ,t w enable u to treat ! beams l ! wall be>]s1 & fit ! joi/s into _! sides1 in/ead ( lay+ !m on ! top1 & consequ5tly avoid a too great projection bel[ ! ceil+4 ,?us 7,fig4 #ea71 hav+ two pieces ( timb] ,a1 #ab in*es #f in*es1 we w put betwe5 !m a plate ( iron ? ( an in* ?ick4 ,we w bolt ! :ole toge!r at regul> int]vals z m>k$ at ,d1 &1 9 ! not*es ,c1 we w fix ! ends ( ! joi/s ,e4 ,a few iron /raps w be nail$ across to connect ^! ends "o to ano!r1 & we %all obta9 9 ?is mann] p]fectly rigid floors4 ,! beams w be support$ 9 _! be>+s by corbels1 & w n g m ?an six in*es into ! wall4 ,?is !n is ano!r detail to be got ready = ! c>p5t]4 ,m9d & see t ! ends ( ! beams )9 ! wall h a coat ( r$ lead1 & are enclos$ 9 a box ( %eet z9c1 ,no4 #ad1 to prev5t ! moi/ure ( ! wall f p5etrat+ ! gra9 ( ! wood4 ,well6 t is some?+ done3 draw x all out neatly4 ,to-morr[1 :5 ,i h look$ ov] y\r draw+s1 we w s5d = ,jean ,god>d1 & we w g & select ! wood 9 y\r fa!r's timb]-y>d40 ,next day ,paul pres5t$ 8 draw+s4 ,_m corrections 71 inde$1 necess>y1 /ill on ! :ole 8 c\s9 congratulat$ him on ! result4 ,paul 0 tak+ pa9s1 & 0 endeav\r+ to und]/& ev]y?+ ?or\ghly2 & ?\gh he c\ld n always f9d ! simple/ & mo/ natural solutions1 he %[$ at lea/ t he _h reflect$ be=e putt+ any?+ on pap]4 ,jean ,god>d hav+ be5 summon$1 ! draw+s 7 pres5t$ to him4 ,"s explanations 7 giv5 him1 aft] :i* ,eugne ask$ him if he _h any obs]vations to make4 ,jean ,god>d 0 scrat*+ 8 head1 b said no?+4 8,is !re any?+ 9 all ?is t y d n cle>ly und]/&1 or t seems faulty80 said ,eugne to him4 8,no1 sir2 b yet ^! are floors t are out ( ! common way2 x w be difficult--we are n accu/om$--& y see--x isn't :at we g5]ally d 9 c>p5try40 8,:i* means t y mu/ be paid m ?an = floors made 9 y\r way40 8,yes1 to be sure--y und]/&--!re is lab\r to be consid]$--all ^! timb]s "h mu/ be sawn--plan$1 p]haps40 8,consid] well1 ,jean4 ,! joi/s mu/ be sawn on two faces only--! two faces t are se52 b all joi/s are sawn out4 ,if we ask$ y to supply ! wood1 y might say t y w\ld n f9d joi/s ( ?is k9d2 b 9 ?is case y h to select f our wood4 ,if y use small timb] x w be en\gh to saw two faces ?us 7,fig4 #eb73 y may1 if y l1 leave ! faces ,a r\ghly squ>$ & only cle>$ ( sap4 ,if y cut y\r joi/s out ( l>ge timb] 7,fig4 #ec7 y w only h to run ! saw-cuts z ,i h sket*$ "h at ,b4 ,b ,i pref] to use small timb]1 because x does n crook 9 dry+1 z timb] :i* is qu>t]$ is sure to d2 & ,i ?9k we %all h en\gh ( ! =m] to prev5t u f be+ oblig$ to employ ?is la/ me?od4 ,we %all h1 !n1 to pay y only = ! saw+ ( ! two faces1 z = ! joi/s y usually employ4 ,z = ! beams1 !y w be also sawn on two faces only1 = if we cut !m f a s+le trunk we %all put ! two sawn faces outside 7,fig4 #ed71 & ! plate ( iron be+ int]pos$ at ,d we %all put bel[ a m\ld$ bo>d ,c1 to cov] ! jo9+1 & ! flaws1 %\ld !re be any4 ,) reg>d to ! triangul> not*+s to be made at ,e1 !y are less difficult to fa%ion ?an mortises1 & z ! joi/s be> 9 full !y h no t5ons4 ,x is ! same ) ! be>]s :i*1 along ! walls1 receive ! ends ( ! joi/s1 & take ! place ( cornices4--,well1 :at d y say ab\t x80 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 8,:y--/ill x isn't floor+ su* z we see ev]y:]e40 8,:at does t matt]1 if x gives y no m tr\ble to make8 ,we %all take acc\nt ( ! "t y sp5d1 z we furni% ! wood2 consequ5tly y are secur$ aga9/ loss4 ,make a c>eful e/imate1 & if y l we w make a b>ga94 ,we w pay y by ! cubic foot z = ord9>y floor+1 or take acc\nt ( ! "t employ$ 9 work+ & pay y = t "t4 ,make y\r *oice60 ,jean ,god>d twirl$ 8 cap ab\t "s "t1 look$ at ! draw+s 9 e possible way1 scrat*$ 8 "r e> aga91 !n 8 left1 & aft] a good half-h\r decl>$ t he cons5t$ to be paid = floors ( ?is k9d at ! same rate z = ord9>y floors accord+ to measurem5t4 8,& y are "r10 said ,eugne2 8= if y manage y\r "w well1 if !re is no bungl+1 y w ga9 m by ?is b>ga9 ?an if we paid y accord+ to "t1 because !re is less "w 9 floor+ ( ?is k9d = ! same quantity ( mat]ial ?an 9 ^? y are accu/om$ to make1 especially 9 ?is neighb\rhood40 ,jean ,god>d1 h[ev]1 ask$ = an additional consid]ation = ! be>]s t 7 to be sub/itut$ = ! r\gh fix+ 9 ! walls4 8,grant$10 said ,eugne2 8we save pla/] cornices1 & x is "r t we %\ld make y an all[ance on t acc\nt40 ,x 0 !re=e resolv$ t !y %\ld make a sep>ate paym5t = ! lab\r on ! be>]s1 t is1 = _! not*es & *amf]s4 ,next day f\r pit-saws 7 at "w1 cutt+ up ! timb] t _h be5 /or$4 ,! sc5e ( lab\r _h resum$ all its activity4 ,9 ! masonry dep>tm5t a design = a dorm]-w9d[ rema9$ to be furni%$1 b :i* 0 soon suppli$ 7,fig4 #ee71 & besides ?is ! direction ( ! *imney flues4 ,eugne on giv+ ,paul ! p>ticul>s ( ! dorm]-w9d[s1 section ,a & ext]ior elevation ,b1 drew 8 att5tion to _! con/ruction4 ,rais$ on a gutt]-wall #bj in*es ?ick1 !y 7 to consi/ ( two jambs ( ?ree c\rses ea*4 ,on ! fir/ two c\rses w\ld be left a /r+-c\rse ,c1 design$ to cov] ! slate ( ! ro(+ & to =m a fillet+4 ,^! two jambs w\ld c>ry ! l9tel & two /ones =m+ corbels4 ,two pieces on ?is l9tel w\ld receive ! gable knees1 & w\ld =m ! jambs ( ! high] op5+ design$ to v5tilate ! attics4 ,! gable w\ld consi/ ( two c\rses surm\nt$ by a f9ial4 ,! section indicat$ h[ ! slopes ( ! cop+ w\ld =m a fillet+ on ! small ro(s ( ^! dorm]-w9d[s beh9d1 & a drip 9 front1 to h9d] ! ra9-wat] f runn+ d[n ! faces ( ! /one-"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,*imneys4 8,:y d *imneys smoke80 ask$ ,paul ( 8 c\s94 8,y mean r to ask me10 repli$ ! latt]1 8:y "s *imneys smoke4 ,_m causes contribute to make *imneys smoke1 :ile !re is only "o condition :i* mu/ be obs]v$ if !y are n to smoke4 ,we mu/ !re=e d our utmo/ to fulfil t condition1 viz4 a flue proportion$ to ! fireplace1 & ! supply ( a quantity ( air to ! latt] proportion$ to ! combu/ion4 ,if ! flue is too n>r[ = ! am\nt ( smoke giv5 (f by ! combu/ion1 ?is smoke does n rise easily en\gh1 its advance 9 asc5d+ is *eck$ by friction1 & ! dis*>ge be+ insuffici5t = ! production1 ! smoke comes out into ! room4 ,we c /imulate ! combu/ion1 & consequ5tly ! asc5t ( ! smoke by a curr5t ( ext]nal air direct$ t[>ds ! wood or coal4 ,:5 ! fire is well light$ x w>ms ! column ( air t fills ! *imney1 & ! w>m] ?is column is ! light] ! air is1 & ! m x t5ds to rise4 8,t is :y 9 "s ill-built *imneys a c]ta9 "t is requir$ be=e ! smoke w take its prop] c\rse--t is to say1 ! column ( air mu/ be w>m$4 ,& until x is s1 ! smoke passes n into ! flue1 b into ! room2 !n we op5 a w9d[ to supply ! fire ) air1 :i* bright5s x up s z to w>m ! flue & all[ ! smoke to take its prop] c\rse4 ,= ! same reason all new *imneys smoke4 ,flues c>ri$ up 9 masonry are damp & cold1 & ! air !y conta9 is heavy2 x takes "s "t to w>m & light5 x4 8,in/ead ( op5+ a w9d[ to /imulate ! fire 7:i* is a r primitive me?od71 we supply ea* grate ) an air draught--t is1 we give x a *annel :i* conducts ! ext]nal air to ! combu/ible z soon z ! lea/ heat is develop$1 t1 e4g4 ( a piece ( pap] light$4 ,imm$iately ?is ext]ior air is call$ 9 to fill ! vacuum produc$ by ! comm5cem5t ( combu/ion1 & x /imulates ! fire by br++ x oxyg54 ,! liveli] ! fire ! m rapid is ! draught2 & ! m rapidly ! air comes 91 ! m brightly does ! wood or coal burn4 ,! air-*annel is to a grate :at a pair ( bell[s are to a =ge fire4 ,b ! air-*annel1 z well z ! flue1 mu/ be> a due proportion to ! fireplace4 ,if ! flue is too n>r[1 ! smoke is ob/ruct$1 & comes out into ! room2 if x is too wide1 x is n uni=mly heat$1 & ! ext]nal curr5ts ( air--! w9ds--ex]t a pressure at its upp] extremity :i* neutralizes ! effect ( ! draught1 & ! smoke is beat5 d[n4 ,if ! air-*annel is too small = ! ext5t ( ! grate1 x does n br+ ! quantity ( air necess>y = combu/ion2 ! fire langui%es1 x heats ! flue imp]fectly1 & ! lukew>m smoke does n asc5d rapidly en\gh4 ,if ! air-*annel is too l>ge1 or br+s 9 too consid]able a volume ( air1 ! oxyg5 ( :i* is n completely tak5 up1 !n a "p ( ! cold air ent]s ! flue & does n /imulate ! draught2 or1 if !re are *anges 9 ! temp]ature1 ! air-*annel attracts ! air f ! *imney in/ead ( br++ 9 air f ! outside4 ,! process is rev]s$1 & ! *imney smokes dreadfully40 ,x 0 9 ! ev5+1 aft] d9n]1 & :5 ! family 7 seat$ ar\nd ! he>?1 t ,eugne 0 prop\nd+ ?is !ory4 8,t appe>s to me simple en\gh10 said ,madame de ,g&elau2 8b !n :y does ! *imney 9 my room1 :i* ,i h _h alt]$ sev]al times1 smoke on c]ta9 days80 8,because y\r room1 ,madame1 is situat$ 9 ! new w+ ( ! h\se1 ! ro( ( :i* is l[] ?an t ( ! old] "p4 ,!y c\ld n c>ry ! flue high en\gh to rise above ! ridges ( ! ro( ( ! old build+1 = t isolat$ *imney w\ld n h resi/$ ! squalls4 ,:5 ! w9d comes on y\r side x f9ds ! ob/acle pres5t$ by ! l(ti] build+1 & reb\nds3 an eddy is =m$1 & :irl+ ab\t on itself x becomes engulf$ 9 y\r *imney-flue1 or at lea/ ob/ructs = a "t ! passage ( ! smoke4 ,9 su* a case ! flues %\ld bifurcate2 z ! pressure ( ! w9d is nev] ex]t$ equally 9 bo? orifices1 ! air ru%+ into "o makes ! smoke issue viol5tly ?r\gh ! o!r4 ,i "k ( no o!r plan3 ,i h already propos$ x to y2 b y h ?\ght1 n )\t reason1 t ^! flues1 :i* seem to raise two despair+ arms t[>ds heav51 w\ld be v ugly2 s y h resign$ y\rself to be smok$ out ( y\r room :5 a /rong gu/ f ! we/ is bl[+40 8,yet ! *imney-doctor put a %eet-iron pipe ) a revolv+ c[l--:at he calls1 ,i ?9k1 a gueule de l\p3 he told me x w\ld "w admirably1 b x 0 worse ?an be=e40 8,c]ta9ly2 :5 !re are eddies & :irlw9ds 9 consequ5ce ( "s ob/acle1 z "h4 ,?is c[l turns 9 all directions1 & among its rapid gyrations sometimes pres5ts its m\? to ! gu/1 if only = an in/ant4 ,?is m\? !n p]=ms ! (fice ( a funnel1 & ! air1 ru%+ into ! pipe1 s5ds ! smoke 9 puffs into ! v middle ( ! room40 8,exactly s2 y ?9k1 !re=e1 t ^? two ugly flues mu/ be adopt$80 8,c]ta9ly4 ,!re are cities ne> to m\nta9s1 all ( ^: h\ses1 h[ev] l(ty1 are 9 ! same condition4 ,g5eva1 = example1 built betwe5 ! ,salve & ! ,jura1 is comm&$1 ?\gh at a great di/ance1 by ^! m\nta9s4 ,! viol5t w9ds :i* sometimes prevail on ! lake are imprison$ betwe5 ^! two *a9s1 =m eddies1 ru% backw>ds & =w>ds1 & s5d viol5t gu/s 9 e direction2 s t ! ,g5evese are oblig$ to put ^! d\ble flues on _! *imneys1 :i* at a di/ance pres5t ! aspect ( a =e/ ( old-fa%ion$ telegraphs40 8,i hope1 !n1 t y w build ! *imneys 9 ! new h\se 9 su* a way t !y w n smoke4 ,y "k t ,m>ie w\ld be mu* vex$ if !y %\ld40 8,we w d our be/2 & ! local conditions are fav\rable to beg9 )2 we are n comm&$ by o!r elevations1 we h n any eddies ( w9d to fe>2 along ! plateau on :i* we are build+ ! breezes are regul>4 ,moreov]1 we h only /raight high ro(s1 & all ! flues rise above ! ridges4 ,we %all build ^! flues ) brick1 & make !m ( ample size4 ,no?+ obliges u to give !m v oblique directions2 !y rise v]tically1 or ne>ly s4 ,la/ly1 we %all h a sy/em ( air-flues1 arrang$ f ! v f\ndations1 9 a cool aspect2 = t mu/ be att5d$ to1 s9ce if ! air-flues are op5 to ! s\?--= example--! air !y receive f )\t1 ev5 dur+ ! w9t]1 is w>m] ?an t ( ! room :]e ! fire is light$2 & !n ! air-flue draws ! smoke :i* comes d[n into ! room4 ,at lea/ ! fire _c be light$2 ! wood is only *>r$1 & does n burn4 8,at ,p>is !y (t5 h a s+le flue = sev]al fireplaces 7arrang$ "o ov] ! o!r71 & p>allel ) x a v5tilation-flue s5d+ a bran* to ea* ( ^! fireplaces4 ,t is a good plan1 especially 9 h\ses :]e !re are z _m z five fireplaces1 "o ov] ! o!r2 because ! weak5+ ( ! walls by ! juxtaposition ( a numb] ( flues is ?us avoid$4 ,! fires ex]cise a reciprocal attraction1 & ?is sy/em prev5ts smoke 9 ! rooms4 ,^! flues mu/ h a section suffici5t = all ! fireplaces--t is1 = five ord9>y *imneys1 "o above ano!r1 a section ( #a foot #i in*es sup]ficial1 or #af in*es squ>e4 ,b "h1 :]e we h only ?ree /ories & suffici5t room1 ,i pref] hav+ sep>ate flues = ea* *imney2 especially z ) ! sy/em ( s+le flues all ! fires mu/ be light$3 :i* is always ! case 9 a l>ge t[n4 ,if !y are n1 x w happ5 9 rapid *anges ( temp]ature t ! smoke w pass into "o ( ! high] or l[] fireplaces in/ead ( foll[+ ! v]tical column4 ,?is inconv5i5ce1 :i* by ! by is only accid5tal1 is rem$i$ by well-arrang$ damp]s40 8,b10 said ,paul1 8does n ?is cold air ( ! air-*annel *ill ! ap>tm5ts80 8,?is cold air comes into ! fireplace itself1 n into ! ap>tm5t2 x is evid5t t if a fire is n made1 ! air-flue introduces cold air1 :i* contributes to l[]+ ! temp]ature ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,x may be %ut (f by a damp]4 ,b keep ?is 9 m9d3 to make a fire burn wood1 or coal1 or any?+ else1 oxyg5 is ne$$4 ,y h le>n$ t 9 y\r /udies 9 *emi/ry & physics4 ,air1 !re=e1 is requir$2 )\t air no fire4 ,=m]ly !y did n take ! tr\ble to provide air-flues = fireplaces1 because ! air came into ! rooms "u ! doors & ?r\gh ! ill-clos$ w9d[s1 & also because ! ap>tm5ts be+ v l>ge conta9$ air en\gh to keep up a fire = "s "t4 ,& our gr&fa!rs' *imneys1 be x obs]v$1 smok$ pretty consid]ably4 ,we ( ! pres5t day are less h>dy1 & l to h small] rooms1 well %ut 91 & we are afraid ( draughts2 t is all v well1 b ! *imney mu/ h a draught1 s9ce )\t x ! fuel w n burn & !re=e n w>m y4 ,x is evid5t t ?is column ( cold air1 :i* y call 9 to /imulate ! combu/ion1 takes ) x1 9 asc5d+ ! flue1 a consid]able am\nt ( heat4 ,_m plans h !re=e be5 devis$ = prev5t+ ! heat$ air f pass+ rapidly away4 ,x is caus$ to turn 9 ! flues1 & oblig$ to rema9 z long z possible1 or at lea/ to leave 9 ! walls ( ! num]\s passages :i* x trav]ses a "p ( ! heat x has absorb$4 ,^! passages 9 _! turn w>m a surr\nd+ cavity or room1 :i* is also suppli$ ) air4 ,?is air1 dilat$ by heat1 t5ds to escape4 ,issues are made = x1 :i* are call$ hot-air escapes4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( ! hot-air app>atus40 8,a propos ( heat+ app>atuses10 said ,madame de ,g&elau1 8are y int5d+ to con/ruct "o 9 ! new h\se80 8,c]ta9ly2 its place is m>k$ on ! plan ( ! cell>s bel[ ! entrance hall1 & its flue goes up 9 ! int]ior angle ( ! great /aircase4 ,a heat+ app>atus is indisp5sable 9 a c\ntry h\se1 especially if x is n liv$ 9 ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,x is ! means ( prev5t+ a good deal ( injury to ! h\se4 ,heat+ once or twice a week dur+ ! cold & damp season is suffici5t to keep ! ap>tm5ts fairly dry40 8,d y n ?9k ! heat ( ! hot-air app>atus injuri\s to heal?80 8,! w>m air issu+ f ! heat+ app>atus is un:olesome1 because 9 becom+ w>m x has lo/ a "p ( its oxyg51 & because oxyg5 is z necess>y to u 9 support+ life z x is to fuel 9 support+ combu/ion4 ,we c avoid "s ( ! injuri\s results to ! animal economy aris+ f ! deoxidiz$ air by mak+ x pass ov] bas9s fill$ ) wat] on leav+ ! heat receiv]2 b ?is means is only palliative1 & we ?us lose "p ( ! w>m?4 8,i consid] hot-air app>atuses desirable only = w>m+ ap>tm5ts t are n liv$ 91 su* z entrance-halls1 /aircases1 & passages2 b if hot-air escapes are provid$ 9 draw+-rooms1 d9+-rooms1 & b$rooms1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to all[ !m to be op5 :ile ! ap>tm5ts are occupi$4 ,op5 !m only to dry ! rooms :5 y are abs5t2 & :5 ?is is done1 op5 ! w9d[s1 & close ! hot-air escapes :5 y %ut ! w9d[s40 8,& ! ba?s--h[ w y heat !m80 8,by means ( a boil] arrang$ ne> ! heat+ app>atus1 ) circulat+ pipes rea*+ to ! ba?-rooms on ! fir/ floor1 :i* are ov] ! heat+ *amb]1 or ne>ly s40 8,h y arrang$ = ba?s = ! s]vants also80 8,yes1 "u ! bakeh\se & wa%-h\se1 bel[ ! gr\nd floor40 8,y h provid$ = ev]y?+1 ,i see4 ,?is conv]sation ab\t ! *imneys has be5 "o ( :i* y w d well to give a summ>y 9 y\r notes1 ,paul60 8,i w d s1 "m40 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,cant9e4 ,9 spite ( ! rec5t disa/]s1 life seem$ to return z by en*antm5t1 bo? 9 ! t[ns & ! rural di/ricts4 ,9 all directions e "o 0 sett+ himself to "w aga9 to make up = lo/ "t4 ,al?\gh ! mis=tunes :i* _h ne>ly cut (f all ! s\rces ( weal? 9 ,france 7 indelibly impr9t$ on _! memories1 a patriotic in/9ct made its inhabitants r$\ble _! ef=ts to repair ! mighty ru91 )\t indulg+ 9 va9 recrim9ations4 ,^? :o travell$ ?r\gh ,france dur+ ! mon?s ( ,febru>y & ,m>*1 #ahgj1 might h comp>$ ! c\ntry to an ant's ne/ di/urb$ by ! foot ( "s incauti\s /roll]4 ,^! wond]ful insects d n 9 su* a case wa/e _! "t 9 lam5tations1 & mak+ processions to supplicate ! ,provid5ce ( ! ants3 !y set to "w imm$iately2 & if y pass by next day1 ! traces ( ! convulsion t _h almo/ de/roy$ ! colony h disappe>$4 ,b at ! end ( ,m>* ! j\rnals br\ght to ! *teau ! disa/r\s news f ,p>is4 ,m4 de ,g&elau _h be5 ?9k+ ( s5d+ back 8 son to ! ,lyceum4 ,al?\gh satisfi$ t ,paul w\ld n be los+ 8 "t1 he ?\ght x a pity t 8 classical /udies %\ld be any long] int]rupt$4 ,b ! la/ news *ang$ 8 int5tion4 ,he decid$ t 8 son %\ld cont9ue to "w ) 8 c\s91 :o _h resolv$ to /ay at ! *teau & wait ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,m4 de ,g&elau1 lov$ & respect$ by ! :ole neighb\rhood1 _h no anxiety s f> z he himself 0 conc]n$4 ,"s s9i/] faces _h pres5t$ !mselves 9 ! neighb\r+ villages1 b !re 0 no op5+ = su* emiss>ies !re1 s !y soon disappe>$4 ,ma/] ,bran*u & ,jean ,god>d _h come to ! *teau to tell ,m4 de ,g&elau t ! workm5 entreat$ him n to susp5d ! works1 & t if money 0 want+1 !y w\ld cons5t to wait = bett] days4 ,= ! pres5t !y w\ld ask only = s\p & bread4 ,9 fact1 ,m4 de ,g&elau hav+ made great sacrifices dur+ ! w>1 _h n j n[ at 8 disposal means suffici5t = giv+ regul> wages su* z ! en]getic c>ry+ out ( ! works w\ld dem&4 ,! mo/ he c\ld d 0 to supply provisions4 ,x 01 !re=e1 decid$ t !y %\ld set up a provision /ore ne> ! works2 t ,m4 de ,g&elau %\ld furni% meal1 fuel1 fre% meat twice a week1 vegetables & bacon2 & t ea* workman %\ld receive z _m rations z 8 family & he requir$ = _! subsi/5ce4 ,ea* ration 0 e/imat$ at prime co/2 & ! balance 0 to be paid 9 money at a future day1 accord+ to a well-recogniz$ & c>efully-adju/$ scale ( wages4 ,half a doz5 workm5 :o did n belong to ! di/rict w\ld n accept ?is arrangem5t1 & quitt$ ! works4 ,! o!rs1 hav+ full confid5ce 9 ,m4 de ,g&elau's good fai?1 agre$ to ^! t]ms1 ) s mu* ! m read9ess z !y _h ?us ! pleas+ prospect ( ! result ( ?is fix$ economy 9 ! %ape ( a sav+4 ,paul 0 commission$ ) ?is new bran* ( adm9i/ration1 & comb9$ ! functions ( a purveyor ) ^? ( an inspector4 ,8 c\s9 initiat$ him 9 ! sy/em ( acc\nts he mu/ keep1 s t all int]e/s might be protect$4 ,pr\d ( ?is new employm5t1 he acquitt$ himself well4 ,ris+ at five o'clock 9 ! morn+1 he might be se5 rid+ on 8 pony f ! *teau to ! mill1 f ! mill to ! neighb\r+ village1 & f ! village to ! build+2 he gave an acc\nt to 8 fa!r e ev5+ ( :at _h be5 giv5 out dur+ ! day1 & to 8 c\s9 memor&a ( ! "w done at ! h\se4 ,?is mode ( life 0 giv+ vig\r to 8 body2 ! responsibility ) :i* he saw himself inve/$ 0 matur+ 8 m9d4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,may x w\ld h be5 difficult to recognise 9 ?is robu/1 s5sible1 & me?odical "y man1 ! c>eless s*oolboy ( ! mon? ( ,augu/ prec$+4 ,"o morn+ ,eugne said to him1 8,y w h to g to ,*ateaur\x1 = we h n jo9]s "h capable ( execut+ our "w4 ,i w put y 9 communication ) a good ma/]-jo9] resid+ !re1 & y w make arrangem5ts ) him2 b fir/ we mu/ be prep>$ ) ! necess>y details40 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,jo9]',s ,,"w4 8,all ! p>ticul>s ( ! woodwork10 cont9u$ ,eugne1 8ought to be furni%$ be=e a h\se is begun to be built1 = ! fir/ consid]ation 9 "w ( ?is k9d is select+ ! mat]ials1 & only employ+ wood t is ?or\ghly dry1 & has be5 sawn out "s ye>s4 ,we h _h b a %ort notice1 & h n be5 able to pay att5tion to ?is important "p ( our und]tak+4 ,=tunately ,i am acqua9t$ ) a jo9] at ,*ateaur\x1 :o has a /ock ( well-season$ wood ( good quality1 :i* he is n v will+ to "p )1 z he keeps x = special "w2 b he w let u h "s1 z y\r fa!r has r5d]$ him "s s]vices4 8,b :ile only s\nd & dry wood mu/ be employ$ 9 our jo9]'s "w1 x is n less necess>y to comb9e ! p>ts accord+ to ! nature ( ! mat]ials1 & n infr+e ! conditions impos$ by !m4 ,wood is sawn accord+ to c]ta9 dim5sions dictat$ by cu/om & ! size ( ! trees4 ,?us1 = example1 a plank is only #h or #aj in*es broad1 because trees fit = jo9]'s "w are sc>cely ( l>g] diamet]1 :5 ! sap-wood is remov$2 9 mak+ panels1 !re=e1 x is advisable n to h !m m ?an #h or #aj in*es wide1 t !y may n exce$ ! wid? ( a plank4 ,if two or m bo>ds are jo9$ to make a panel1 !y w sep>ate 9 dry+1 & leave a space betwe5 !m2 :]eas1 if we give ea* panel only ! wid? ( a plank1 ev5 if x %\ld %r9k1 ! %r9k+ occurs 9 ! tongue1 & !re is no disjo9t+4 ,^! tongues mu/1 h[ev]1 be wide en\gh to be> ! %r9k+ )\t leav+ ! rebate4 ,y w und]/& t bett] by & by4 8,9 ! la/ c5tury _m doors 7 made wide-fram$1 t is1 doors ! panels ( :i*1 fram$ 9 m\ld+1 are f #af to #bj in*es wide2 ?is 0 ! fa%ion4 ,b at t "t !y employ$ none b v dry wood1 t _h be5 fell$ & cut up = sev]al ye>s2 & ^! panels1 made ( two bo>ds1 not*$ or simply jo9t$1 did n %r9k4 ,y see doors ?us made 9 y\r fa!r's draw+-room1 & !re is only "o 9 :i* ! panel has op5$4 ,9 ! pres5t day su* wood _c be got = love or money2 we mu/ !re=e be cont5t to give up ^? wide panels4 ,or1 if we insi/ ^u hav+ !m1 !y mu/ be made ( :ite wood--( sycamore1 because ?is wood dries quickly1 does n split nor w>p1 t is1 x does n curve across ! gra94 ,b sycamore is a s(t wood1 liable to be attack$ by worms1 especially 9 ! c\ntry4 ,let u !re=e keep to oak1 & con/ruct our doors s t ! panels may be only ab\t #h in*es wide4 ,we h fold+ & s+le doors4 ,! fold+ doors are #d feet wide2 ! doors ( a s+le leaf #cb to #dj in*es4 ,_! height v>ies f #g ft4 to #g ft4 #d 942 = x is q useless to make !m high]1 z we d n walk into our rooms ) crosses & bann]s1 & ! human /ature r>ely exce$s six feet4 ,!re are _m inconv5i5ces 9 hav+ doors too high2 !y are liable to twi/1 are n easily %ut1 &1 if x is cold1 e "t !y are op5$ !y let a consid]able volume ( damp1 freez+ air p5etrate into ! rooms1 *ill+ !m proportionately4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 8,let u beg91 !n1 by draw+ a fold+-door4 ,we %all make ! fram+ ( ?is door ( wood #a in* ?ick4 ,we call ! out] upright pieces 7,fig4 #ef7 ! hang+-/iles2 ! pieces1 ,a1 ! meet+-/iles2 ! horizontal pieces betwe5 !m1 ! rails4 ,! /iles & ! top & bottom rails %all be ea* #d in*es wide1 ! int]m$iate uprights1 or munton1 #b in*es4 ,n[ ea* leaf--d$uct+ an in* = ! rebate1 or ov]lap1 9 ! middle--w be #b feet wide1 s9ce ! doorway mu/ h an op5+ ( #d feet3 d$uct+ #d 94 #b 94 #c 94 = ! two /iles & ! munton--total1 #aj in*es--!re rema9 #ad in*es = ! two panels1 i4e41 #g in*es = ea* panel4 ,! middle rail mu/ be plac$ s t its c5tre %all be #c ft4 #d 94 f ! gr\nd2 = x is on ?is rail ! lock is fix$1 & ?is rail %\ld n be less ?an #f in*es wide1 s t d$uct+ = ! m\ld+s1 say #b 941 !re /ill rema9s #d 94 = ! room ( ! lock1 ^: box is usually f #c to #d 94 wide4 ,?is k9d ( door is call$ squ>e-fram$3 all ! jo9ts be+ squ>e1 )\t mitres1 & ! panels be+ n>r[1 ^! doors d n give1 & are p]fectly ridg$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 8,"h is a detail ( ?is fram+ 7,fig4 #eg73 ,let ,a be ! wall-jamb ( ! doorway2 a door-frame1 ,b1 is fix$ by means ( iron /ays to ?is jamb4 ,to x are fa/5$ ) screws ! h+es1 ,c1 on :i* ! door-leaves sw+4 ,d is ! hang+-/ile2 ,e ,e1 ! meet+-/iles2 ,f1 ! int]m$iate munton2 ,g1 ! panels1 ) _! tongues 9 ! grooves4 ,! ar*itraves1 ,h1 =m a rebate ar\nd ! hang+-/iles & ! top rail4 ,m\ld$ /rips1 ,i1 are affix$ along ! rebate ( ! meet+-/iles1 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! rebate1 & to pres5t to ! h& a r\nd$ edge t does n hurt ! h& or fray ! dress4 ,at ,k is d5ot$ ! top rail1 ) its t5on1 ,l1 fitt+ into a mortice1 ,m1 :i* %\ld be cut "r ?r\gh ! /ile4 ,at ! juncture ( ! int]m$iate munton1 ,n1 ! m\ld+1 ,o1 is cut squ>e (f to make way = ! head ( ! munton1 ^: t5on1 ,p1 goes into a mortice1 ,r4 ,at ,s y see ! groove into :i* fits ! tongues1 ,t1 ( ! panels2 :i* are increas$ 9 ?ickness at a c]ta9 di/ance f ! tongue1 z y see at ,v1 to ab\t ?s ( an in*4 ,y w obs]ve t ! *amf]s1 ,x1 ( ! /iles /op b5ea? ! jo9ts1 9 ord] to leave ^! all ! /r5g? ( ! wood4 ,doors ( ^! dim5sions w require ?ree h+es to ea* leaf4 8,?is explanation gives y ! key to all good ord9>y h\se jo9]y4 ,! rule is a simple "o3 nev] to weak5 ! wood at ! jo9ts1 always to make ^! squ>e1 & n to exce$ ! sizes ( ord9>y scantl+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4 8,our s+le-leav$ doors w be made accord+ to ?is sy/em4 ,we h la/ly to consid] ! w9d[-casem5ts4 ,9 ^! we %all foll[ ! same pr9ciple1 t is1 we %all avoid ! defective mitre jo9ts1 & h none b squ>e jo9ts4 ,"h 7,fig4 #eh7 is "o ( ^! casem5ts1 :i* consi/s ( a fix$ frame1 ,a1 fa/5$ into ! rebate ( ! /one-"w1 ,b1 & ( two fold+ casem5ts4 ,! wood ( ! casem5ts %all be #a 94 ?ick1 & ! meet+-/iles %all lock "o into ! o!r4 ,to less5 ! difficulty ( glaz+1 or to avoid ! necessity ( us+ plate-glass1 we w divide ! l5g? by a small b>1 ,c4 ,y w require ! details ( ^! w9d[-casem5ts4 ,i give !m to y drawn 9 ,fig4 #ei4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4 8,at ,a ,i h m>k$ ! rebate ( ! w9d[-jamb2 at ,b ! fix$ frame2 at ,c "o ( ! /iles :i* works into ! frame1 ) ! tongue to /op ! passage ( ! air2 at ,d & ,e1 ! "r & left h& meet+-/iles1 ) _! me?od ( lock+4 ,on ! projection1 ,f1 is affix$ ! crmone1 or fa/5]4 ,! detail1 ,g1 gives y ! section ( ! sill-rail ( ! frame1 ) its wat]-/op1 int5d$ to h9d] ! ra9 or sn[ f p5etrat+ to ! inside4 ,b z x happ5s t 9 spite ( ?is precaution ! driv+ ra9 sometimes f9ds its way into ! rebate1 a small *annel1 a1 mu/ be sunk 9 ?is rebate1 ) two escapes1 t ! wat] may n fl[ ?r\gh1 & d[n ! inn] surface ( ! sill1 ,i4 ,9 ord] to cov] ! junction ( ! wood sill-rail & ! /one sill1 we %all affix ! m\ld+1 ,k4 ,at ,l ,i d5ote = y ! fram+ ( ! bottom rail ( ! casem5t & ! /ile2 & at ,m t ( ! glaz+-b> & ! same /ile4 ,at ,o y w obs]ve ! outside rebates to receive ! glass1 & ! *amf]s1 ,p1 ) /ops on ! inside to leave at ! jo9ts all ! /r5g? ( ! wood4 ,besides ! ?ree h+es necess>y = ea* leaf1 we mu/ take into acc\nt ! angle-plates at top & bottom to secure ! casem5t f /ra9+ ! jo9ts & giv+ d[n 9 ! middle1 = ! glass _c s]ve l door panels1 :i* /iff5 ! fram+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! glass1 by its weight1 t5ds to put ^! casem5ts out ( %ape4 8,y are go+ to set to "w at ^! details1 ,paul1 & ,i w correct y\r draw+s4 ,furni%$ ) ^! designs1 y w !n g to ,*ateaur\x & %[ !m to ! p]son :o und]takes ! "w1 & he w fix 8 prices4 ,y w supplem5t ! draw+s by explanations1 keep+ cle>ly 9 m9d :at ,i h told y1 & br+ back 8 e/imate4 ,i w also give y an introduction to an eng9e]+ fri5d ( m9e at ,*ateaur\x :o w receive y z a relation1 & :o w be able to give y any fur!r in=mation y require40 ,madame de ,g&elau at fir/ object$ to ,paul's j\rney2 b be+ assur$ t ,eugne's fri5d w\ld be at ! /ation to receive ! "y ar*itect1 & t he w\ld be ent]ta9$ by a family :o w\ld be glad to receive him1 8 "m 0 satisfi$4 ,besides1 8 abs5ce w\ld be = ?ree or f\r days only1 & ,*ateaur\x is b fifty miles f ,m4 de ,g&elau's resid5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,:at ,,paul ,,le>nt ,,at ,,*ateaur\x4 ,paul n[ knew en\gh to feel t ! commission ) :i* he 0 *>g$ 0 "o ( consid]able importance4 ,! sole responsibility ( x made him a little anxi\s4 ,x w\ld h be5 easy en\gh to write to ! jo9] to come to ! *teau2 b ,eugne _h ask$ ,m4 de ,g&elau to s5d ,paul to see him1 9 ord] to put 8 cl]k ( ! works to ! te/1 & to "k h[ he w\ld manage ! bus9ess4 ,eugne _h giv5 him ample in/ructions1 & tak5 c>e to h !m repeat$ sev]al times2 & ,paul _h not$ d[n ! important po9ts4 ,he 0 furni%$ ) plans to %[ ! numb] ( op5+s1 ! hang+ ( ! doors1 ! areas ( ! floors1 ! ext5t ( ! wa9scot+1 ! dado-m\ld+1 ! skirt+1 c4 ,on arriv+ at ,*ateaur\x ab\t t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 ,paul f\nd ! eng9e]1 ,m4 ,victori51 8 c\s9's fri5d1 wait+ = him at ! /ation z _h be5 arrang$4 ,m4 ,victori5 0 /ill "y1 ?\gh 8 close-cut hair 0 gr[+ grey4 ,a sun-burnt complexion1 a pi]c+ eye1 & aquil9e nose1 gave to 8 physiognomy a c]ta9 m>tial air :i* attract$ our "y ar*itect at a glance4 ,a lett] f ,eugne _h in=m$ him ( ! circum/ances t _h occasion$ ,paul's giv+ 8 att5tion to build+ dur+ ! la/ six mon?s4 ,m4 ,victori5 _h "s acqua9tance ) ,m4 de ,g&elau1 & felt a p>ticul> e/eem = 8 "*4 ,su* an introduction 0 m ?an en\gh to induce him to receive ! travell] z a "y bro!r4 ,madame ,victori51 a %ort1 buxom brunette1 ! v anti!sis ( h] husb&1 :o 0 tall & ?91--c\ld f9d no?+ good en\gh = h] gue/4 ,at breakfa/1 ,paul _h to reply to all ! que/ions t 7 address$ to him3--,h[ _h ! rec5t tr\bles be5 borne by ! family at ! *teau8 ,:at 0 ! new h\se l8 ,h[ f> _h x advanc$8 ,h[ _m workm5 did !y employ8 ,h[ 0 ! "w done8 ,paul gave ! be/ answ]s he c\ld ?9k (1 & ev5 v5tur$ to draw "s sket*es to expla9 to 8 ho/s ! situation ( ! new h\se & its pres5t /age ( advancem5t4 8,well10 said ,m4 ,victori51 8,i see t y h pr(it$ by ! lessons y h _h f y\r c\s91 :o is m ready at mak+ an explanatory sket* ?an any man ,i "k40 ,?is complim5t enc\rag$ ,paul1 :o relat$ ! /eps ( 8 ar*itectural education up to ?is "t4 8,we %all h ! :ole ( to-morr[ to visit y\r jo9]1 s if y l y %all accompany me to see "s locks :i* ,i am mak+ ab\t six miles (f4 ,t w p]haps int]e/ y40 ,paul eag]ly accept$ ! invitation1 al?\gh ,madame ,victori5 prote/$ aga9/ x1 ass]t+ t h] "y gue/ mu/ be fatigu$1 & ought to be all[$ to re/2 t he _h ris5 v e>ly t morn+1 & s on4 8,:at10 said ,m4 ,victori51 8at 8 age & 9 excell5t heal?1 fatigu$ by sitt+ two h\rs 9 a railway c>riage6 ,get u a good d9n] by ! "t we return--ab\t sev5 o'clock--& y %all see if our fri5d doesn't d ju/ice to x4 ,besides1 has he n told u t he is up at five o'clock e morn+ & is runn+ ab\t all day8 ,come1 let u set out40 ,!y drove (f 9 a small *>--banc1 & soon left ! t[n beh9d !m4 ,:5 !y 7 m\nt+ ! fir/ hill ,m4 ,victori5 said3 8,y\r c\s9 has n !n be5 mu* fatigu$ by 8 %ort campaign4 ,i saw him only = a mom5t :5 he pass$ ?r\gh ) 8 corps4 ,he is an en]getic man1 b he does n always take en\gh c>e ( himself4 ,h[ cle>ly he expla9s a ?+1 does he n8 ,x is a pleasure to take lessons ( him4 ,we 7 fell[-/ud5ts =m]ly1 & he hesitat$ :e!r he %\ld become an ar*itect or a civil eng9e]4 ,he _h qualifications = bo?40 8,:at is ! diff]5ce1 !n1 betwe5 an ar*itect & an eng9e]80 ,paul v5tur$ to ask4 8,^u my ^w1 t is a "q n easy to answ]--,i w give y an apologue3-- 8,!re 7 once two little tw9s :o resembl$ ea* o!r s mu* t ev5 _! "m c\ld n di/+ui% !m4 ,n only 7 _! features1 height1 & gait ! same1 b !y _h also ! same ta/es & abilities4 ,!y _h to "w ) _! h&s1 = _! p>5ts 7 poor4 ,bo? became masons4 ,!y acquir$ skill 9 _! call+1 & !y work$ equally well4 ,_! fa!r1 a n>r[-m9d$ man1 ?\ght t ^! f\r h&s :i* wr\ght at ! same "w ) equal p]fection1 w\ld produce m & d /ill bett] by allott+ sep>ate lab\rs to ea* pair4 ,to "o ( ! pairs1 !re=e1 he said3 #8,y %all only d und]gr\nd "w2' & to ! o!r1 #8,y %all only "w abovegr\nd4' ,! bro!rs ?\ght ?is sc>cely reasonable1 z !y _h be5 accu/om$ to help ea* o!r 9 bo? sorts ( "w2 h[ev]1 z !y 7 ob$i5t *ildr5 !y compli$4 ,b :]eas hi!rto ^! workm5 _h agre$ & _h co-op]at$ to ! advantage ( ! "w1 f t "t =w>d !y did n cease to dispute ) ea* o!r4 ,! "o :o work$ above ! cell>s ma9ta9$ t 8 f\ndations 7 n suitably prep>$1 & ! "o :o laid ! latt] ass]t$ t ! conditions ( _! /ructure 7 n respect$4 ,! result 0 t !y sep>at$1 & z ea* _h n[ become habituat$ to 8 p>ticul> "w1 he rema9$ unfit = any?+ else40 8,i ?9k ,i see ! gi/ ( y\r apologue1 b----0 8,b x does n expla9 to y :y a diff]5ce has be5 made betwe5 eng9e]s & ar*itects4 ,9 fact1 a skilful eng9e] may be a good ar*itect1 z an accompli%$ ar*itect ought to be a good eng9e]4 ,eng9e]s make bridges1 canals1 docks1 & embankm5ts2 b ?is does n prev5t !m f rais+ ligh?\ses1 erect+ factories1 w>eh\ses1 & _m o!r build+s4 ,ar*itects ought to "k h[ to d all ^! ?+s2 !y actually did !m =m]ly1 because !n ! tw9 bro!rs 7 n sep>at$1 or r1 !y 7 "o & ! same p]son4 ,b s9ce ?is individuality has be5 sep>at$ into two1 ea* half foll[s its own direction4 ,if ! eng9e]s build a bridge1 ! ar*itects say x is ugly--& are n always wrong 9 say+ s4 ,if ! ar*itects build a palace1 ! eng9e]s ?9k1 n )\t reason1 t 9 its con/ruction ! mat]ials h be5 employ$ unskilfully1 & )\t due economy or an exact acqua9tance ) _! prop]ties 9 po9t ( durability & /r5g?40 8,b :y d eng9e]s build bridges :i* ar*itects d n consid] beautiful80 8,because ! "q ( art has be5 sep>at$ f t ( sci5ce & calculation by t n>r[-m9d$ fa!r :o ?\ght "o bra9 c\ld n ent]ta9 bo?4 ,! ar*itects h be5 told3 #8,y are to be arti/s2 y are to look at no?+ b =m--tr\ble y\rselves ab\t no?+ b =m2' :ile to ! eng9e]s x has be5 said3 #8,y are to occupy y\rselves only ) sci5ce & its applications2 =m does n conc]n y2 leave t to arti/s :o dream ) _! eyes op51 & are incapable ( reason+6' 8,ah6 t seems /range to y\r "y m9d1 ,i c see4 ,x is simply absurd1 because ! art ( ar*itecture is only a result ( ! art ( con/ruct+--t is1 ( employ+ mat]ials accord+ to _! qualities or prop]ties2 & because ar*itectural =ms are notori\sly d]iv$ f ?is judici\s employm5t ( !m4 ,b1 my "y fri5d1 z y gr[ old]1 y w see 9 our poor c\ntry n a few ev5 m important int]e/s /ick+ 9 ! rut ( r\t9e4--,/6 ,bob1 trot on6 x's all level n[60 ,!y soon arriv$ at ! locks4 ,two c(f]-dams1 "o bel[1 "o above1 b>r$ ! c\rse ( ! wat]2 a l>ge ca/-iron siphon caus$ ! curr5t to pass ov] ! workm5 engag$ 9 lay+ ! f\ndations ( ! walls 7! lat]al walls7 =m+ ! *amb] ( ! lock4 ,paul inquir$ ab\t ! work+ ( ! siphon1 :i* he soon und]/ood1 z he _h made "o ) quills & wax1 & _h empti$ glasses ( wat] ) x4 ,he _h nev] imag9$ t ?is little hydraulic app>atus c\ld be appli$ on s gr& a scale4 ,he saw h[ !y made ! concrete :i* 0 run "u ! lat]al walls ( ! *amb]1 t is1 ! space compris$ betwe5 ! two gates ( ! lock4 ,a horse 0 atta*$ to a great wood5 lev]1 :i* caus$ an iron %aft to revolve 9 a v]tical cyl9d]1 & :i*1 furni%$ ) beat]s1 mix$ ! slak$ lime ) ! s& t 0 introduc$ at ! top ( ?is cyl9d]4 ,an op5+ at ! bottom let ! mort>1 well mix$1 run into :eelb>r[s :i* ! workm5 7 tak+ to a wood5 floor1 :]e !y mix$ x ) d\ble its quantity ( pebbles1 by means ( rakes4 ,!n o!r workm5 transport$ ! concrete1 well m+l$1 to a %oot :i* conduct$ x to ! bottom ( ! excavation1 :]e o!rs aga9 spread x 9 lay]s1 & ramm$ x d[n ) wood5 damsels4 ,paul inquir$1 also1 respect+ ! arrangem5t ( ! gates1 ! k]b1 ! /ay1 or sill1 ov] :i* ! fold$ gates ( ! lock 7 to abut1 t is1 pres5t+ an obtuse angle t[>ds ! upp] "p ( ! /ream1 to resi/ ! action ( ! curr5t4 ,he saw ! c>p5t]s' work%op1 :]e !y put ! lock-gates on templets4 ,:ile sup]9t5d+ 8 works & giv+ 8 ord]s1 ,m4 ,victori5 expla9$ to ,paul h[ ea* dep>tm5t ( lab\r contribut$ to ! :ole2 & ! latt] took notes & made sket*es 9 8 memor&um-book ) a view to keep 9 m9d :at he he>d & saw4 ,?is att5tion on ,paul's "p appe>$ to please ,m4 ,victori54 ,s :5 !y 7 aga9 seat$ 9 ! *>--banc to return to ! t[n1 ! eng9e] did n fail to complete 8 explanations4 ,he describ$ to him ! lock-gates ( seaports1 & h[ "s 7 made 9 ! pres5t day ?irty y>ds wide & m1 "p iron1 "p wood1 or entirely iron2 & promis$ to %[ him :5 !y rea*$ home ! draw+s ( "s ( ^! locks4 ,! conv]sation !n turn$ on bridges1 & by :at means _! pi]s c\ld be built 9 ! middle ( a /ream4 ,m4 ,victori5 expla9$ to him h[1 by ! use ( means suppli$ by mod]n eng9e]+1 pi]s 7 built 9 ! middle ( wide1 deep1 & rapid /reams1 :]e =m]ly ! op]ation 0 n reg>d$ z practicable2 h[ !y sunk d\ble-plat$ iron cyl9d]s v]tically1 s t _! l[] extremity t\*$ ! bottom2 h[1 ) ! help ( p[]ful ma*9]y1 !y compress$ ! air 9 ^! enorm\s holl[ columns1 & h[ !y !n fill$ ^! cyl9d]s ) masonry1 s t !y ?us obta9$ pi]s p]fectly solid1 /able1 & capable ( su/a9+ heavy pressures2 & :ile ! metal-"w mu/ decay ) "t ! columns ( masonry rema9$ intact1 hav+ _h "t to ga9 a solid consi/5ce4 ,m4 ,victori5's explanations ?us op5$ to ,paul a new horizon ( /udy1 & he began to ask himself :e!r he %\ld ev] h "t to le>n all ^! ?+s2 = ,m4 ,victori5 did n fail to repeat to him cont9ually t an ar*itect ought n to be ignorant ( ^! me?ods ( con/ruction1 because x 0 possible t he w\ld h to make use ( !m4 ,8 att5tion1 !re=e1 seem$ di/ract$4 ,m4 ,victori5 p]ceiv$ x1 & said to him1 8,let u talk ( some?+ else1 = y seem to me r tir$40 8,no10 repli$ ,paul2 8b ,i _h a good deal ( difficulty 9 gett+ into my head all t my c\s9 told me ab\t build+ a h\se only2 & ,i ?\ght t :5 ,i _h ?or\ghly und]/ood ! diff]5t ?+s he expla9$ to me1 ,i %\ld h got ! sub/ance ( all ,i _h to le>n3 & n[ ,i see t !re are _m o!r ?+s relat+ to con/ruction :i* ,i ought to "k1 &--y "k----0 8,& t disquiets & fright5s y4 ,take "t2 d n try to und]/& all at once2 li/5 att5tively1 t is all4 ,by degrees x w be dis5tangl$ 9 y\r m9d1 & be prop]ly classifi$4 ,d n be anxi\s ab\t x--"y bra9s consi/ ( a numb] ( empty draw]s4 ,y\? ne$ only be ask$ to op5 !m2 ea* new acquisition comes ( itself to take its place 9 t :i* suits x4 ,aft]w>ds1 all we h to d is to op5 ! draw] conta9+ su* or su* a ?+1 /or$ up almo/ )\t our be+ consci\s ( x3 we f9d x unt\*$1 fit to be us$ = its prop] purpose4 ,only we mu/ always keep all our draw]s op5 9 ! ga!r+ season1 a season :i* is b %ort4 ,if we leave ! draw]s %ut dur+ our e>ly y\?--t is1 f twelve to tw5ty-five--x is h>d "w to fill !m aft]w>ds1 = ! locks are ru/$1 or !y h be5 fill$1 we d n "k h[1 ) useless rubbi%40 ,*att+ ?us1 ! travell]s return$ home1 :]e ,madame ,victori5 _h prep>$ !m a good supp]1 enliv5$ by ! pres5ce ( two little fell[s return$ f s*ool1 & :o 7 soon v good fri5ds ) ,paul4 ,! foll[+ day 0 devot$ to see+ ! contractor = ! woodwork1 & expla9+ to him ! p>ticul>s ,paul _h br\ght ) him1 & prep>+ ! e/imates 9 :i* ,m4 ,victori5 gave "s assi/ance4 ,paul1 h[ev]1 well tra9$ by 8 c\s91 execut$ 8 commission cr$itably1 & felt mu* flatt]$ :51 at ! close ( ! int]view1 ! contractor address$ him z #8,monsieur l',inspecteur1' giv+ him all sorts ( te*nical explanations1 :i* ,paul did n always compreh5d1 ?\gh he took good c>e n to %[ 8 ignorance1 wait+ = ! opportunity ( ask+ 8 c\s9 to enlight5 him :]e necess>y4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! ?ird day !y w5t to see "s int]e/+ build+s 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & 9 ! ev5+1 at n9e o'clock1 ,paul return$ to ! *teau1 8 travell+-bag full ( in=mation :i* ,m4 ,victori5 _h giv5 him respect+ bridges1 locks1 & ! build+ mat]ials ( ! di/rict1 & ! way 9 :i* !y 7 employ$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,! ,,slat+ ,,& ,,plumb+4 ,al?\gh ,paul c\ld h return$ to ! ,lyceum at ,p>is 9 ,june1 ,madame de ,g&elau insi/$ ^u h] son rema9+ at home dur+ ! summ]4 ,%e 0 afraid ( typhus4 ,anxiety1 moreov]1 0 felt respect+ ! tranquillity ( ! great city :i* _h be5 s cruelly tri$ & injur$4 ,a tutor 9 ! neighb\rhood--a man ( m le>n+ ?an is usually possess$ by ^? mode/ sub/itutes = ! highe/ class ( educators--came !re=e e day to read ) ,paul = an h\r or two1 t he might n =get 8 ,lat92 & ! re/ ( 8 "t 0 devot$ to sup]9t5d+ ! works1 :i* 7 visibly advanc+4 ,! walls 7 built1 ! floor-joi/s fix$1 & !y 7 beg9n+ to raise ! timb]-"w ( ! ro(s2 & ?\gh !re 7 no long] s _m details to be giv5 to ! workm51 ! surveillance _h to be m m9ute1 especially z ,eugne w\ld n all[ any?+ to escape obs]vation1 & insi/$ ^u hav+ an acc\nt ( ev]y?+4 ,sometimes1 :5 ,paul return$ f ! works1 ,eugne w\ld ask him if he _h se5 su* or su* a "p4 ,if ,paul hesitat$1 he w\ld say to him1 8,well1 my de> fell[1 y mu/ g back & see t1 & br+ me an acc\nt ( x--n to-morr[1 m9d1 b directly40 ,& ,paul w\ld h to m\nt 8 pony aga94 ,s 9 ord] to avoid ^! go+s & com+s1 :i* seem$ to him at lea/ monoton\s1 he _h acquir$ ! habit ( n return+ till he _h exam9$ 9 detail all ! po9ts respect+ :i* 8 c\s9 c\ld possibly "q him4 ,x 0 especially to ! *a9-rods t he _h direct$ ,paul's att5tion4 ,he w\ld ask him repeat$ly h[ ! claw ends 7 b$d$2 & if ! explanations did n agree1 ,paul _h to return to ! works1 & n leave !m till he _h se5 ) 8 own eyes t ?+s _h be5 done accord+ to ord]4 ,besides ?is1 ,eugne visit$ ! works ?ree times a week ) ,paul1 & in/ructions 7 giv5 to ! build]s 9 8 pres5ce4 ,! =m] always took c>e to make 8 cl]k ( works repeat ^! in/ructions to him1 to be c]ta9 t !y 7 und]/ood4 ,! gutt]s1 ! dis*>ge ( ! ra9-wat]1 & ! ro(+ n[ requir$ att5tion4 8,c\ntry build]s g5]ally manage ro(+ b indiff]5tly10 said ,eugne1 8& especially ! plumb]'s "w4 ,we %all !re=e h to be specially c>eful ab\t ?is important "p ( our und]tak+2 = a h\se badly ro($ is 9 ! same condition z a man incompletely or badly clo!d4 ,bo? contract incurable maladies4 ,we h no good ro(-plumb]s "h1 & mu/ make up our m9ds to s5d = "s f ,p>is4 ,t w co/ u a little m2 b x w be a sav+ 9 ! end1 = we %all avoid incessant repairs & irrep>able bungl+4 ,z = ! slat+1 we w fa/5 x ) hooks4 8,slates are commonly fa/5$ on deal batt5s1 by means ( nails2 b to drive ^! nails into ! la?s ! slate mu/ h two holes made 9 x1 s9ce ea* is secur$ by two nails4 ,) ! =ce ( ! w9d ! slates %ake ab\t1 make ! holes l>g]1 & ultimately slip (f ! head ( ! nails2 !n !y fall4 ,to replace a s+le slate sev]al mu/ be remov$1 & ! la/ mu/ necess>ily be pi]c$ bel[ ! ov]lap1 t is1 9 ! uncov]$ "p ( ! slate4 ,) hooks we avoid ^! disadvantages1 & anyone c repair ! ro(4 ,^! hooks are made ( copp]1 :i* all[s !m to be op5$ & clos$ _m times )\t break+ !m4 ,moreov]1 ! slate1 be+ held d[n at its bottom end1 _c rattle ) ! w9d1 & no?+ c displace x4 ,9 ! ord9>y mode ( 7,fr5*7 slat+ !re are--"o ov] ! o!r--?ree ?icknesses ( slate4 ,! expos$ "p be+ #d in*es--! slate is !n #ac in*es long4 ,! la?s are nail$ on ! raft]s #d in*es ap>t f c5tre to c5tre 7,fig4 #fj74 ,?us at ,a y see ! position ( ! la?s & t ( ea* slate4 ,! hooks lie ^u ! "u slate1 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! int]m$iate slates1 & clip ! l[] end ( ! out] slate4 ,at ,b ,i %[ y1 9 section half full size1 ! la?1 ,c1 nail$ ^u ! raft]s1 & ! hook1 ^: po9t is driv5 into ! la?1 ) its return1 ,e1 clipp+ ! expos$ end ( ! slate4 ,s mu* = ! pla9 p>ts ( ! ro(2 & n[ = ! returns--! hips & valleys4 ,:]e ^! occur1 z ! slates are n flexible1 we mu/ make use ( lead or z9c2 ! fir/ ( ^! metals is mu* ! be/1 & is less liable to crack & to oxidize4 ,we %all cov] ! hips ) %ort l5g?s ( lead b5t to ! =m1 nail$1 & work$ 9 ) ! c\rses ( slate4 ,9 ! valleys we %all lay a %eet ( lead1 on :i* at ei!r side ! slates w lie4 8,b y w /udy ! manifold details ( ro(+ :5 ! m5 are at "w1 = lab\r ( ?is k9d requires m9ute c>e4 ,we h to /ruggle ) a subtle foe--wat]4 ,x discov]s e int]/ice1 & takes advantage ( ! lea/ neglig5ce to make its inroads2 & s mu* ! m s9ce1 driv5 by ! w9d1 x acquires a p[] & an activity :i* x w\ld n possess if x fell v]tically1 l prop]ly-behav$ ra94 ,s 9 climates :]e %[]s are g5tle & fall only 9 calm wea!r1 ! ro(s are simple1 & d n require ! innum]able precautions dem&$ among ourselves2 & t is :y ,i adopt ! plan ( secur+ ! slates ) hooks4 ,"h ! we/]ly & nor?-we/]ly w9ds are viol5t1 & drive ! ra9 & sn[ "u an angle ( #cj4 ,slates held only at ! top d n lie close1 & tilt up at _! out] extremities1 & ! ra9 & sn[ soon get 94 ,t is also ! reason :y we h giv5 our ro(s an angle ( #fj2 = ! ra91 :5 viol5tly driv51 g5]ally desc5ds p]p5dicul>ly to ?is incl9ation1 & !re is !n no dang] ( its gett+ "u ! out] extremity ( ! slates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4 8,! arrangem5t ( ! gutt]s also requires great att5tion4 ,_! *annel %\ld h a suffici5t incl9ation--say an in* 9 a y>d--to ensure ?or\gh cle>ance2 b ea* l5g? ( lead or z9c =m+ ! *annel %\ld h a drip--a slight /ep ( #a to #b in*es--t ! wat] may n f9d its way "u ! jo9ts4 ,^! requirem5ts necessitate our giv+ to ! gutt]s a suffici5t dep? to get ^! falls f ! culm9at+ po9ts to ! dis*>ges1 or d[n-pipes1 & t ^! pipes may n be too f> f ea* o!r1 s t ! wat] may n h too long a c\rse to make4 ,besides ?is1 we %\ld contrive on ! front ( ! gutt]s1 issues1 or small sp\ts = ov]fl[s1 s t if ! sn[ or ice %\ld encumb] ! orifices ( ! d[n-pipes ! wat] may run (f4 ,x is1 moreov]1 desirable to give ! back ( ! gutt] a great] height ?an ! front1 t ! wat] may 9 no case get inside4 ,?is1 !n 7,fig4 #fa71 is ! section we %all give to our gutt]s4 ,! /one c\rse1 ,a1 beh9d ! gutt] be+ #af in*es high1 ! bo>d :i* =ms ! front ( ! gutt] %all be #ac in*es4 ,y rememb] t ^u ! cornice-table we left a slope =m+ a holl[ betwe5 ea* jo9t1 to v5tilate ! bottom ( ! gutt] & to ensure ! escape ( ! wat] 9 ! ev5t ( an ov]fl[4 ,our gutt]1 !n1 w consi/ ( an oak bo>d1 ,b1 =m+ ! bottom1 ( a side1 ,c1 =m+ ! front1 & ( a roll or bead fa/5$ on ! top edge ( ! front4 ,?is front bo>d is to be slightly incl9$1 t ! lead l9+ may h less t5d5cy to give d[n4 8,! eaves ( ! ro( be+ at ,d1 our lead l9+ %all be fa/5$ at ,e by nail+1 foll[ ! section ( ! gutt]1 & be d\bl$ ov] at its edge1 ,g4 ,we %all cov] ! front ) ano!r %eet ( lead1 also d\bl$ ov] at its top & bottom edges1 ,h ,i1 ) clips ( z9c screw$ to ! bo>d4 ,?is lead cov]+ ( ! front w be held by screws1 ^: heads mu/ be cov]$ ) little caps1 a1 sold]$ ov]2 !n a roll1 ,k1 w cov] ! bead & fold "u ! d\bl$ edges1 ,g & ,h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--;,,details ,,( ,,! ,,plumb]',s ,,"w4 8,b previ\sly1 ! bottom & fronts ( ! gutt]s w be atta*$ by means ( angle-irons1 ,l1 sunk-9 flu%1 & :i* are let into ! wall at ! bottom ( ! c\rse1 ,a4 ,^! angle-irons w come on ! outside1 & n on ! inside ( ! gutt]4 ,at regul> di/ances1 9 ! gutt]-front1 we %all bore ! holes = ! little sp\ts1 ,m1 :i* s]ve z ov]fl[s4 8,! d[n-sp\ts1 plac$ 9 ! angles ( ! build+1 w pass1 at _! upp] orifice1 ?r\gh an op5+ contriv$ 9 ! cornice1 z %[n by ! detail1 ,n4 ,a funnel ( lead w connect ! bottom ( ! gutt] ) ! orifice ( ! ca/-iron d[n-pipe1 & w be sold]$1 ( c\rse1 only to ! bottom ( ! gutt]1 re/+ loose 9 ! "p :i* ent]s ! d[n-pipe4 8,9 ord] to obta9 ! necess>y falls 9 ! bottom ( ! gutt]1 we %all run 9 a ?ickness ( pla/]1 ) /ops ( wood = ! drips at ! end ( ea* l5g? ( ! lead l9+1 z y see at ,o4 ,^! %eets ( lead %\ld n exce$ #aj feet ea* 9 l5g?4 8,! ridges ( ! ro(s & dorm]s %all also be ( lead d\bl$ & fold$1 z %[n by ! sket*1 ,p4 ,two /rips ( lead1 b1 are fir/ nail$ on to cov] ! slate1 d2 !n ! upp] half ( ^! /rips are roll$ & fold$ into ! %eet1 i1 :i* cov]s ! ridge roll4 ,?is la/ piece ( lead is1 besides1 held by screws1 ^: heads are cov]$ by a bit ( lead2 ?us !re is no dang] ( its be+ displac$ by ! w9d4 8,i describe to y "h only ! pr9cipal po9ts 9 ! ro(-plumb]'s "w1 :i* requires v great judgm5t & extreme c>e4 ,y w be able to /udy x practically 9 detail :5 we h good plumb]s at "w4 ,"s ( ! ,p>isian plumb]s possess rem>kable skill4 ,!y w also att5d to ! arrangem5ts = ! supply ( wat] 9 ! h\se--! wat]-closets1 ba?s1 c4 ,b ,i h an important piece ( advice to give y3 ,lead laid on oak t has n be5 /eep$ 9 wat] oxidizes v rapidly4 ,! acetic acid :i* ?is k9d ( wood conta9s *anges ! %eets ( lead plac$ on x into c]use 9 a few mon?s1 especially if ! wood is n suffici5tly v5tilat$ on ! opposite side4 ,i w !re=e po9t out to y ! only k9ds ( wood t %\ld be employ$ = ! gutt]s & ridge rolls4 ,we w take old wood f ! rema9s ( ! old mill1 :i* :5 cut up w be 9 ! condition requir$1 = ?is wood has long ago dis*>g$ its sap4 8,y\r bus9ess1 z cl]k-(-works1 :5 ! plumb]s beg9 _! op]ations1 w especially consi/ 9 hav+ ! metal t is br\ght 9 c>efully weigh$1 & hav+ ! clipp+s safely put by 9 y\r pres5ce4 ,^! m51 accu/om$ to occupy !mselves ) _! craft1 "w some:at aft] ! fa%ion ( arti/s1 & are incl9$ to disreg>d mat]ial int]e/s2 !y leave _! lead & t9 ab\t 9 e corn]4 ,y mu/ be aw>e t we ought n to expose our c\ntry fell[s to su* /rong temptations4 8,y mu/ !re=e weigh all ! mat]ials z !y come 91 & !n ! clipp+s4 ,^! w h to be put by 9 y\r pres5ce 9 a place securely lock$4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! weight ( metal t comes 9 & t ( ?is residue is ! am\nt ) :i* we are *>geable1 z lead "w is paid by weight4 8,! jo9]'s contract y h br\ght me promises1 ,i believe1 t ! floor+1 doors1 & w9d[-frames %all be s5t at ! end ( ,augu/80 8,yes2 & z reg>ds ! floor+s1 ! contractor tells me t1 hav+ a good /ore ( wood1 he c\ld beg9 lay+ !m on ! #a/ ( ,augu/40 8,t w\ld be too soon2 we mu/ let ! :ole build+ dry a little fir/4 ,he is an en]getic man2 if he beg9s on ! #a/ ( ,septemb] he w h f9i%$ by ! #a/ ( ,octob]4 ,we w h ! pa9t]s 9 !n1 & by ! #a/ ( ,decemb] our h\se may be consid]$ f9i%$4 8,we mu/ rememb] ! m>ble-mason also1 & s5d him an ord] = ! mantelpieces4 ,x is n too soon to ?9k ab\t x4 ,h y giv5 ! jo9] ! dim5sions ( ! fireplaces80 8,yes2 !y 7 m>k$ on ! plans40 8,well1 make a copy ( ^! plans1 & we w s5d x to ! m>ble-mason4 ,= ?is article also we %all h to deal ) a ,p>is h\se2 x w be *eap] to d s1 & we %all h a great] *oice4 ,x is a v tr\blesome ?+ to be oblig$1 z we are n[-a-days1 to h rec\rse to ,p>is = a hundr$ matt]s ( detail ) :i* build+ is conc]n$4 8,b except 9 c]ta9 great cities1 su* z ,lyons1 ,t\rs1 ,bordeaux1 ,r\51 ,nantes1 & ,m>seilles1 :]e y may f9d w>eh\ses tol]ably well furni%$1 ! prov9ces supply no?+4 ,x 0 n s =m]ly2 ?is is "o ( ! results ( our excessive c5tralization4 8,i d my be/ to oppose ?is fatal t5d5cy2 b :5 "t presses we mu/ h rec\rse to ^? great c5tres ( manufactures connect$ ) build+4 ,if we ord]$ our *imney-pieces at ,*ateaur\x1 or ev5 at ,t\rs1 we %\ld h to wait half-a-ye> & pay m = !m4 ,! deal] ( :om we ord]$ !m w\ld be sure to s5d to ,p>is = !m1 & we may q z well g to ! f\nta9-head ourselves4 ,z reg>d ! cons]vatory ve/ibule op5+ on ! g>d51 & ! %elt] ov] ! entrance1 our blacksmi? aid$ by a full detail ( p>ticul>s w be able to execute !m2 he is an intellig5t workman4 ,c\ntry c>p5t]s & blacksmi?s are g5]ally compet5t m540 8,:y are !y s80 8,because ! c>p5t]s h kept up _! organization or corporations1 or at lea/ some?+ equival5t1 & workm5 h to give pro( ( _! effici5cy be=e !y c ent] ! guild4 8,! blacksmi?s1 on ! o!r h&1 h kept up _! habit ( work+ at ! =ge2 & ! =ge is ! s\l ( blacksmi?s' "w4 ,9 ! l>ge t[ns1 on ! contr>y1 ca/+ is all ! fa%ion2 & artisans connect$ ) ! build+ trades h lo/ _! skill 9 ! f9] lab\r ( ! =ge4 ,!y h become m]e fitt]s4 ,h[ev] !re has be5 a reaction dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s1 & at ! ,exhibition ( #ahfg y might h se5 excell5t specim5s ( wr\ght-iron4 ,ar*itects also h become unaccu/om$ to "w ( ?is k9d1 & v few "k h[ iron is wr\ght by ! hamm]1 or h[ weld+ is done2 s !y give in/ructions to contractors :i* are incapable ( be+ execut$1 or :i* occasion !m mu* useless lab\r4 ,ar*itects ought !re=e to be acqua9t$ ) ! me?ods ( workman%ip 9 e dep>tm5t ( lab\r !y call into requisition1 & x is n at ! cole des ,beaux-,arts !y w le>n t4 ,x is n[ m conv5i5t to p]suade !m t matt] 0 made to obey all ! fancies ( ! arti/2 t s]ves z an excuse = explanations1 & makes tea*+ less complicat$4 ,! tax-pay] & ! own] ( prop]ty :o has occasion to employ an ar*itect pay = ?is admirable doctr9e r de>ly2 :ile1 )\t sup]ior guidance1 ! manufactures connect$ ) build+ suff] p]v]sion 9 endeav\r+ to realize ! fancies ( ^! g5tlem540 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,ord] ,,9 ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,"w4 ,! ne>] ! build+ 0 to completion1 ! m complicat$ did ! (fice "w become4 ,:5 ,paul saw t ne>ly all ! p>ticul>s _h be5 furni%$ to ! contractors1 he ?\ght t he w\ld only h to see t e "p 0 duly con/ruct$ & put 9 place1 accord+ to 8 c\s9's in/ructions2 b ! (fice "w1 :i* dur+ ! fir/ few mon?s _h tak5 only two or ?ree h\rs a day1 0 becom+ on]\s4 ,he _h to arrange ! memor&a1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! quantities2 & t "t might n be lo/1 he 0 oblig$ to write or give ord]s to ! workm51 t !y might come at ! v mom5t !y 7 want$1 &1 9 c]ta9 cases1 "w toge!r4 ,! jo9] _h s5t "p ( ! doors & w9d[-frames1 & ne>ly all ! floor+1 at ! end ( ,augu/4 ,!y _h !n to ord] f ! blacksmi? ! angle-plates1 door-b&s & cramps2 & s5d to ,t\rs = ironmong]y1 door-h&les1 crmones1 locks1 bolts1 h+es1 c42 & to secure ! due execution ( ^! ord]s1 !y _h to specify ! size ( ea* article z requir$ by ! /r5g? ( ! wood & ! nature ( ! articles !mselves4 ,eugne _h gone to ,t\rs to look out samples ( ! ironmong]y 9 "q4 ,! jo9] & ! blacksmi? _h to "w simultane\sly1 & z !y 7 n accu/om$ to be hurri$1 x 0 (t5 necess>y to regulate ! lab\r ( ea*1 s t "t %\ld n be lo/4 ,! slat]s _h come1 & 7 p]petually call+ = ! mason's or ! c>p5t]'s assi/ance4 ,& z _! daily pay 0 consid]able1 x 0 important n to all[ !m any pretext = idl+4 ,eugne _h !re=e taught ,paul h[ he %\ld contrive e ev5+ to get a cle> idea ( ! lab\r ( v>i\s k9ds t 0 to be execut$ next day1 & h[ he %\ld allot ev]yone 8 "p be=e quitt+ ! works4 ,?is necessity ( =esee+ ev]y?+ _h appe>$ to ,paul a difficult task2 b 8 m9d _h become gradually accu/om$ to ! bus9ess1 & he 0 acquir+ ! p[] ( calculat+ ) "s ease :at _h to be accompli%$4 ,eugne w>n$ him t he mu/ n expect help f ! workm5 9 ?us arrang+ ?+s me?odically2 & he _h 9 fact obs]v$ t mo/ ( !m1 :5 any piece ( "w 0 to be begun1 c\ld n set ab\t x1 because ^? ^: duty x 0 to put ?+s 9 read9ess = !m _h n receiv$ notice to d s1 & _h n made ! necess>y arrangem5ts4 ,!n ! "t w\ld be wa/$ 9 runn+ aft] "o ano!r4 8,! workman10 ,eugne w\ld say to ,paul1 8is naturally improvid5t1 z are all ^? :o h acquir$ ! habit ( be+ comm&$ by o!rs1 & h no responsibility ( _! own4 ,he is n unaw>e ( :at w be necess>y = accompli%+ su* or su* a piece ( "w2 yet he waits till ! mom5t x w h to be done )\t tr\bl+ himself :e!r ! conditions requir$ = its accompli%m5t w be pres5t or n4 ,:51 !re=e1 lab\r]s 9 sev]al dep>tm5ts are work+ toge!r1 me?od1 ord]1 & =esight are dem&$ on ! "p ( ! ar*itect2 o!rwise mu* "t is lo/2 ! workm5 h9d] in/ead ( help+ "o ano!r2 ea* does 8 own "w )\t conc]n+ himself z to :e!r x is at ! fitt+ "t or n4 ,! same piece ( "w may h to be recomm5c$ twice or ?rice40 ,! workm5 :o 7 to set ! grates & fix ! w>m+ app>atus _h come2 & ?\gh e provision _h be5 made dur+ ! build+ = ! passage ( ! flues1 = ! v5tilation & ! hot pipes ( ! w>m+ app>atus1 ^! workm5 7 cont9ually call+ = ! mason4 ,b z ,eugne _h pre-arrang$ ev]y?+ = ! purpose1 he _h enjo9$ 8 cl]k ( ! works n to all[ ^! workm5 to make holes 9 e direction = ! passage ( _! pipes or o!r arrangem5ts1 z !y _h be5 accu/om$ to d1 )\t respect = ! build+ & ! be>+s ( ! floors4 ,b ! passages 7 n obvi\s1 especially z !y took v little tr\ble to look = !m1 s t ,bran*u 0 oblig$ to g & %[ !m h[ !y lay1 & op5 ! orifices1 enl>g+ "s & contract+ o!rs4 ,!n ! plumb]s set ab\t lay+ ! wat]-pipes1 & ! walls _h to be pi]c$ = !m1 & cramp-holes made4 ,! jo9]s1 too1 w\ld be requir+ ! mason to cramp 9 ! w9d[ & door-frames4 ,x 0 necess>y to m$iate betwe5 ^! conflict+ int]e/s1 = ,bran*u 0 gett+ confus$1 & 0 go+ f "o set ( workm5 to ano!r )\t gett+ any?+ f9i%$4 ,?is p]iod ( 8 "w !re=e made ,paul acqua9t$ ) _m details 9 build+ to :i* he _h sc>cely paid att5tion a few mon?s be=e4 ,at ! end ( ,septemb] ! jo9]s' "w 0 consid]ably advanc$1 & ! ro(+ q f9i%$1 s t soon ! pa9t+ alone w\ld rema9 to occupy att5tion4 ,! memor&a 7 9 due ord]1 s t ! acc\nts c\ld be readily made out4 ,meantime1 ,m4 de ,g&elau 0 ?9k+ ( s5d+ 8 son back to ! ,lyceum at ! end ( ! vacation2 x 0 necess>y = him to complete 8 /udies2 & ?\gh ?is ye> _h n be5 lo/ to ,paul1 he 0 /ill too "y to beg9 to /udy ar*itecture1 suppos+ he int5d$ to adopt t pr(ession4 ,! "q 0 !re=e br\ght =w>d "o ev5+ t[>ds ! end ( ,septemb]1 en famille4 ,eugne rem>k$1 & ) reason1 t ,paul _h le>n$ all he c\ld 9 works on ?is small scale2 t if he 7 to rema9 long] 9 ! c\ntry he w\ld see ! pa9t]s prep>e ! gr\nds & put on ! successive coats ( pa9t1 b ?is c\ld n be ( mu* use to him4 ,besides1 z ,madame ,m>ie 0 n to return till ! spr+1 x 0 desirable to all[ ! build+ to dry be=e proce$+ ) ! int]ior decorations & uphol/]y4 ,! idea ( return+ to college 0 n v agreeable to ,paul aft] a ye> ( ?is active life1 pass$ z x 0 almo/ entirely 9 ! op5 air2 b reflection taught him t x w\ld n be "r to d o!rwise4 ,moreov]1 ,monsieur & ,madame de ,g&elau _h bus9ess to att5d to 9 ,p>is1 & w\ld pass a "p ( ! w9t] !re4 ,x 0 !re=e decid$ t ,eugne %\ld rema9 dur+ ! "t requir$ = gett+ ! "w f9i%$1 s t no risks %\ld be incurr$ 9 ! w9t]1 & t ,paul %\ld set out ) 8 p>5ts at ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]4 ,! pa9t+ w\ld n be begun till aft] ! sev]e fro/s4 ,eugne und]took to h ?is op]ation sup]9t5d$1 & to visit ! works himself dur+ 8 /ay at ,*ateaur\x1 :]e bus9ess ( "s importance requir$ 8 pres5ce t[>ds ! end ( ! w9t]4 ,all be+ ?us arrang$1 ,paul1 ) a some:at heavy he>t1 quitt$ 8 belov$ h\se on ! #bnd ( ,octob]1 & return$ to ! ,lyceum4 ,mo/ ( 8 comrades1 l himself1 _h pass$ ne>ly ! :ole ye> away f ,p>is1 & _! /udies _h be5 susp5d$2 b v few _h employ$ _! "t usefully4 ,s :5 ,paul relat$ :at he _h done dur+ ^! twelve mon?s1 _m laugh$ at him1 & "s did n believe him2 b f t "t =w>d he 0 call$ by no o!r "n ?an ,monsieur l',ar*itecte4 ,dur+ ?is ye> he _h made "s advance 9 le>n+ to reason1 9 reflect+ be=e he spoke1 & 9 li/5+ pati5tly to ^? :o knew m ?an himself1 s he f\nd 8 old companions r %all[ & trifl+4 ,on ! occasion ( a holiday he made a rem>k to ?is effect to 8 fa!r1 ) a c]ta9 mixture ( vanity & regret4 ,m4 de ,g&elau guess$ 8 mood ( m9d1 & did n let slip ?is occasion ( correct+ ! repreh5sible side ( 8 ?\ghts4 8,x is possible10 said he1 8t y\r companions h n _h ! good =tune y h enjoy$ ( f9d+ "s "o to take ! tr\ble to set !m to active "w1 & tea* !m some?+ ( ! practical side ( life4 ,b x w\ld be fooli% 9 y1 & decid$ly hurtful to y\r m9d & "*1 to despise ^? :o are less in=m$ ?an y\rself 9 reg>d to a s+le bran* ( k4 ,:o kn[s :e!r 9 o!r matt]s !y h n acquir$ a sup]iority y d n appreciate8 ,x %\ld n be our object 9 ! _w 7& ! ,lyceum is a little _w n unlike ! great "o71 to %ut ourselves up 9 our own k & ?us flatt] our vanity1 b to discov] t ( o!rs & endeav\r to pr(it by x4 ,x %\ld n be our object to %9e by our k1 or fanci$ k1 & s occasion envy on ! "p ( ! fooli%1 & a smile on t ( p ( s5se1 b to elicit ! k possess$ by o!rs4 ,?is c\rse ( conduct secures u a d\ble advantage3 we avoid mak+ enemies1 & we increase our /ore ( k4 8,x is n at all surpris+ t y\r companions "k less ?an y ab\t ! build+ ( a h\se2 b y mu/ all[ t y\r k ( ! matt] is b small2 & p]haps on o!r subjects !y h m correct & complete ideas ?an y h4 ,x w\ld h be5 ridicul\s to conceal f y\r companions ! nature ( y\r occupations dur+ y\r /ay 9 ! c\ntry2 b :y %\ld y make mu* ( x8 ,if any ( !m :o has a p>ticul> desire = in=mation %\ld put que/ions to y ab\t x1 & if y see t he is really int]e/$ 9 y\r answ]s1 satisfy 8 desire2 b 9 ! pres5ce ( p :o c>e no?+ ab\t ! matt]1 be res]v$1 or else y w get laugh$ at4 ,!re is a vulg> phrase :i* exactly expresses ?is fact4 ,we say3 p are fond ( 8trott+ out0 ^? :o are va9 ( _! k1 t is1 !y get !m to talk1 n to satisfy a legitimate curiosity1 b to make fun ( !m4 ,be> ?is 9 m9d1 = x is true 9 ! ,lyceum z well z ev]y:]e else4 8,if y\r m9d is really m develop$ ?an t ( y\r comrades1 !re is an easy way ( mak+ ! fact app>5t to all1 t is1 by acquir+ m rapidly ?an !y d ! in/ruction equally (f]$ to all4 ,get to ! top ( all y\r classes1 & nobody w laugh at y2 b all w obs]ve t ?is ye>1 :i* has be5 a /]ile "o to s _m o!rs1 has be5 really a fruitful "o to y40 ,paul took ! h9t1 & :5 he return$ to ! ,lyceum he left (f talk+ ab\t ar*itecture1 & gave 8 m9d to ! "w be=e him4 ,consequ5tly1 he prov$ t 8 m9d _h be5 develop$1 & on ,new ,ye>'s ,day br\ght home mo/ satisfactory te/imonials ( progress4 ,! nickname 8 s*oolfell[s _h be/[$ on him1 h[ev]1 /ill /uck to him4 8,ah1 well60 he w\ld say to himself1 :5 !y call$ him ,m4 l',ar*itecte2 8,i %all make good _! words1 = ,i am resolv$ to become an ar*itect 9 e>ne/40 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,! ,,h\se-,,w>m+4 ,matt]s _h be5 proce$+ accord+ to arrangem5t2 ! pa9t]s' "w1 begun at ! comm5cem5t ( ,febru>y1 9 f9e wea!r1 0 f9i%$ 9 ,april1 & likewise all ! accessories4 ,m4 de ,g&elau1 :o _h return$ to 8 e/ate at ! end ( ,janu>y1 _h caus$ ! small p>k r\nd ! h\se to be plant$1 & _h ord]$ ! mo/ indisp5sable furniture1 wi%+ to leave 8 daught] to make *oice h]self ( ^? articles :i* w\ld express h] own p>ticul> ta/e4 ,madame ,m>ie _h ann\nc$ ,april z ! "t ( h] return1 & subsequ5tly ,may4 ,9 ! correspond5ce betwe5 h] "m & h]self no?+ _h be5 said ab\t ! h\se s9ce ! w>4 ,madame ,m>ie _h probably n reg>d$ z s]i\s :at _h be5 writt5 to h] respect+ x2 & ! disa/r\s ev5ts ( ! ye>s #ahgj & #ahga seem$ to h made all p>ties =get ! project4 ,paul _h set 8 he>t on a surprise1 & _h entreat$ ,madame de ,g&elau to say no?+ ab\t ! h\se to h] daught]4 ,& we may be sure t ,madame de ,g&elau _h readily acquiesc$ 9 8 wi%4 ,!y !re=e wrote to ,madame ,m>ie t ! family w\ld n assemble at ! *teau till ,:itsuntide1 & t z h] fa!r _h "s j\rneys 9 prospect 9 ! int]ior1 %e ne$ n hurry h]self ab\t return+ to ,france be=e t date4 ,madame de ,g&elau receiv$1 on ! #h? ( ,may1 a lett] in=m+ h] t h] daught] & h] husb& w\ld rea* ! /ation ne>e/ to ! *teau on ! morn+ ( ! #ai?1 ,:it ,sunday4 ,great 0 ,paul's joy :5 he receiv$ ! news4 ,he w\ld be able to be at home & enjoy 8 si/]'s surprise1 = he _h be5 sadly afraid %e might come :ile he 0 at ! ,lyceum4 ,t w\ld h be5 a dreadful disappo9tm5t to him4 ,s he work$ h>d] ?an ev] dur+ ! days betwe5 t & ,:itsuntide6 ,he _h set 8 he>t on giv+ pleasure to all at home by c>ry+ (f "o ( ! highe/ prizes4 ,! holidays impati5tly wait$ =1 at l5g? arriv$4 ,m4 de ,g&elau1 on acc\nt ( ! di/ance1 & ,paul's satisfactory progress1 _h obta9$ p]mission = 8 son to return on ,saturday morn+4 ,paul !re=e rea*$ ! *teau at noon1 aft] m ?an sev5 mon?s' abs5ce4 ,we ne$ n /ate t ,eugne _h be5 invit$ to ?is family fte4 ,paul w\ld h>dly take "t to eat 8 breakfa/1 he 0 s impati5t to see ! h\se4 8,don't be 9 su* a hurry10 8 "m said m ?an once4 8,! h\se won't run away40 ,dur+ breakfa/1 8 fa!r put "o or two que/ions to him respect+ 8 /udies2 b ,paul gave only %ort answ]s1 & !n return$ to ! subject ( ! h\se1 ov]:elm+ 8 c\s9 ) inquiries4 8,& ! woodwork1 is t a success8 ,& ! pa9t+8 ,:at col\r is ! draw+-room8 ,& ! plumb]--has he put ! cre/+ on ! ro( t he promis$80 8,y are go+ to see all t directly1 & be=e night y w h pl5ty ( "t to exam9e ev]y?+ 9 detail4 ,a little pati5ce6 ,pati5ce is ! v fir/ virtue ( an ar*itect40 ,! aspect ( ! new h\se 0 mu* *ang$ s9ce ,paul's dep>ture4 ,! gr\nd _h be5 cle>$ & neatly gravell$4 ,! bord]s exhibit$ _! spr+ attire2 & z "s old trees _h be5 left /&+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! h\se1 x _h q ! look ( a place already occupi$4 ,paul c\ld n help jump+ = joy on see+ h[ *>m+ & picturesque ! build+ 04 ,on turn+ d[n into ! valley1 he began to run1 eag] = a ne>] view1 & ,eugne rea*$ ! /eps only a few m9utes aft] him4 ,paul _h se5 nei!r ! %elt] at ! entrance1 nor ! cons]vatory op5+ into ! billi>d-room4 ,! lead-"w 0 n q f9i%$ :5 he left1 & ! vanes & cre/+ 7 n put up4 ,! dorm] w9d[s 7 n surm\nt$ by _! f9ials4 ,! casem5ts 7 j put 91 b n glaz$4 ,^! la/ additions are l ! bord]+ r\nd a draw+1 or ! frame inclos+ a picture2 to unpractis$ eyes ! la/ accessory seems to put e "p 9 its prop] place1 cle>s ! :ole1 & gives x ! unity t seem$ to be want+4 ,paul 0 satisfi$ ) ! ext]ior aspect4 ,! int]ior1 ?\gh simple1 accord+ to ,m4 de ,g&elau's express in/ructions1 0 9 good ta/e2 !re 0 no?+ to be se5 9 ! way ( pla/] ornam5t or gild+4 ,! entrance-hall 0 surr\nd$ by a l[ oak wa9scot1 =m+ "p ) ! door-cases4 ,! wood ( ! latt] & ( ! wa9scot _h pres]v$ its natural col\r1 & 0 simply dress$ ) l9se$-oil & wax4 ,above ! wa9scot1 ! walls1 pa9t$ /one-col\r1 set (f by a few r$ l9es1 gave a neat & invit+ aspect to ! entrance4 ,! draw+-room 0 surr\nd$ by a wa9scot five feet high1 pa9t$ :ite2 ! fireplace1 wide & l(ty1 c\ld w>m a num]\s circle4 ,! jambs ( ! fireplace 7 cas$ ) wood1 & on ! l(ty mantelpiece1 9 an oak5 frame1 0 prettily pa9t$ a bird's-eye view ( ,m4 de ,g&elau's e/ate4 ,! ceil+1 ) its two beams & joi/s1 pa9t$ 9 light tones1 set (f by black & :ite l9es1 seem$ to enl>ge ! ap>tm5t1 & gave x a w>m & habitable appe>ance1 pres5t+ on hot days lights & %ades ( an amb] t9t4 ,! wall betwe5 ! ceil+ & ! wa9scot 0 hung ) pa9t$ canvas4 ,! *imney-piece /ood out 9 bold relief on ?is back-gr\nd4 ,! entrance end ( ! draw+-room w\ld h be5 r sombre if ! wide op5+ into ! billi>d-room _h n flood$ x ) light1 s(t5$ by ! v]dure ( ! plants )9 ! little cons]vatory4 ,b :at gave ! draw+-room a "* :i* fasc9at$ ,paul at once1 0 ! bay-w9d[1 all brilliant ) light1 & furni%$ ) a *9tz-cov]$ divan4 ,! billi>d-room1 also1 0 surr\nd$ by a wa9scot+ ( unpa9t$ oak1 & ! same pa9t$ hang+s4 ,a portire clos+ ov] ! bay-w9d[ made x s]ve ! purpose ( a little b\doir1 :5ce !re 0 a *>m+ view on ?ree sides4 ,! plants plac$ 9 ! cons]vatory1 transmitt$ on ! s\? side only a s(t5$ & tranquil light into ! billi>d-room4 ,! d9+-room _h be5 decorat$ almo/ 9 ! same /yle z ! billi>d-room1 & two l>ge oak5 sidebo>ds =m$ "p ) ! wa9scot+ 9 ! two recesses res]v$ = !m4 ,paul 0 eag] to run up /airs to see 8 si/]'s rooms4 ,hung entirely ) ,indian *9tz1 ) a pla9 br[n dado1 ?is ap>tm5t exhibit$ great simplicity4 ,! ceil+1 h[ev]1 treat$ l ^? ( ! gr\nd-floor1 gave x an orig9al & pleas+ aspect4 ,paul want$ to see ev]y?+1 & at ! end ( an h\r1 8 c\s9 hav+ made an appo9tm5t ) "s workm5 to give !m ord]s ab\t details1 left him to w&] at w 9 ! h\se4 ,! sun 0 already l[ :5 !y ?\ght ( return+ to ! *teau4 8,well1 my "y c\s91 are y satisfi$ ) y\r "w8 ,h ?+s be5 done dur+ y\r abs5ce z y int5d$ !y %\ld be80 8,i wi% x 0 really my "w10 repli$ ,paul2 8& ,i regret t ,i c\ld n foll[ x to ! end1 = n[ ,i see all f9i%$1 x seems to me z if !re 0 sc>cely any?+ done :5 ,i w5t away40 8,x is ) build+s1 my de> fell[1 z ) all o!r human productions4 ,y "k ! say+3 #8,f9is coronat opus4' ,f9i%+ is ev]y?+4 ,f9i%+ may n require ! greate/ lab\r & k1 b x does1 p]haps1 require ! highe/ degree ( p]si/5cy1 me?od1 & c>e1 z ,i ?9k ,i h already told y4 ,y h be5 really useful to me dur+ ! build+--,i may say s )\t flatt]y1 because y h ?r[n y\r en]gy & y\r :ole m9d into ! endeav\r to und]/& ! in/ructions ,i h giv51 & to see t !y 7 duly execut$4 ,b y w\ld h _h no?+ to occupy y s]i\sly :ile ! "w 0 be+ f9i%$1 s9ce mo/ ( ! rec5t additions came f ! "w-%ops ready made2 y h no?+ to regret1 !re=e2 y w\ld h lo/ y\r "t "h1 :]eas y h1 x seems1 employ$ x well at ! ,lyceum40 8,i nev] saw any hang+s l ?is pa9t$ canvas be=e2 !y look v well2 "o might fancy !y 7 tape/ry40 8,yes1 ,i _c imag9e :y ^! k9d ( hang+s1 :i* 7 =m]ly mu* us$1 %\ld h be5 ab&on$2 = x is cle> t ev]ybody c\ld n h ,flemi% or ,gobel9 tape/ry1 any m ?an ,cordova lea!r4 ,^? ?+s 7 v co/ly2 :]eas1 pa9t$ canvas hang+s d n co/ mu* m ?an wall pap]s & less ?an uphol/]y hang+s1 *9tz except$4 ,b x w\ld sc>cely d to hang a draw+-room or a d9+-room ) *9tz2 x does n look sub/antial en\gh1 ?\gh x may be well en\gh = a b$room4 ,9 ! pr9cipal ap>tm5ts hang+s %\ld h a velvety1 w>m1 sub/antial effect40 8,& are ^! ( pa9t$ canvas sub/antial80 8,9 appe>ance1 c]ta9ly1 & 9 reality also2 9 pro( ( :i* y may see at ,rheims "s dat+ f ! fifte5? c5tury1 & :i* are p]fectly well pres]v$40 8,& h[ are ^! hang+s made80 8,canvas clo?s are tak51 ei!r cross-wov5 or twill$1 ( co>se texture1 manufactur$ = ! purpose1 r l ! clo?s ( :i* sacks are made4 ,^! clo?s are /ret*$ on a floor ) tacks2 !n !y size !m1 t is to say1 give !m a coat+ ( lea!r size1 to :i* is add$ a little ,spani% :ite4 ,!n :5 ?is coat is dry !y proce$ to pa9t !m 9 di/emp]1 z = !atre decorations4 ,on ?is gr\nd any?+ we *oose c be pa9t$--diap]s1 su* z we h adopt$ "h1 & :i* d n co/ mu*1 z we /5cil !m2 or ornam5ts1 l&scapes1 fl[]s1 & ev5 figures4 ,! co/ ( ! mat]ial is trifl+1 & ! value ( ! hang+s dep5ds on ! arti/'s "w4 ,:5 dry1 ! clo?s are roll$ up1 & c be s5t any:]e at small exp5se2 !n on ! spot !y are /ret*$ aga9 on v ?9 frames1 call$ tape/ry /ret*]s4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 a space betwe5 ! wall & ! hang+1 :i* is necess>y 9 ! c\ntry :]e siz$ pap]s always spoil2 & ?is is s mu* ! m conv5i5t1 z if ! rooms are n w>m$ 9 w9t]1 & if damp is fe>$1 ! clo?s c be tak5 d[n1 roll$ up1 & put 9 a dry place1 to be replac$ 9 ! spr+1 z we d ) tape/ry40 8,i ?\ght :5 ,i op5$ ! draw+-room door t x 0 tape/ry40 8,! co>se texture ( ! clo? does 9 fact resemble ! tape/ry /it*1 & ! pa9t+ 9 di/emp] has ! flat tone ( wool4 ,on ! :ole1 ! hang+s ( our h\se sc>cely co/ m ?an ! high-pric$ pap]s t are made n[-a-days1 & !y la/ long]1 to say no?+ ( our be+ sure n to see our own patt]ns on ev]ybody's walls40 8,v true2 (t5 on go+ into a draw+-room ,i h recogniz$ a pap] :i* ,i _h se5 else:]e4 ,b tell me1 c\s91 y h _h lightn+-conductors put up1 h y n80 8,c]ta9ly2 x 0 prud5t to d s4 ,i h _h two con/ruct$3 "o at ! top ( ! /aircase1 & ! o!r on ! c5tre-po9t ( ! ma9-ridge40 8,w\ld n "o h be5 en\gh80 8,i ?9k n2 because lightn+-conductors only protect ! po9ts inclos$ 9 a cone ( :i* !y are ! summit3 at lea/1 ?is is ! recogniz$ !ory4 ,= betwe5 ourselves1 physici/s are n q agre$ respect+ ! effects ( ! electric fluid1 ! relative effici5cy ( conductors1 & ! precautions to be us$ 9 putt+ !m up4 ,i rely on my own exp]i5ce1 :i* has prov$ to me t no build+1 h[ev] expos$1 has be5 /ruck by lightn+ :5 ! lightn+-rods 7 num]\s1 made ( good conductors1 put 9 communication ) ea* o!r1 & ) _! l[] extremity dipp+ 9 wat]1 or v damp e>?4 ,y "k t wat] is a conductor ( electricity2 if ! lightn+-rod t]m9ates 9 dry e>? ! electricity accumulates1 & produces return %ocks1 :i* are v dang]\s4 ,! same effect results if ! conduct+-wire is int]rupt$2 ! lightn+-rod !n produces ! effect ( a ,leyd5 j>--x becomes *>g$1 & is m dang]\s ?an useful4 ,sockets ) glass insulators h also be5 recomm5d$2 b ,i h nev] obs]v$ t lightn+-conductors o!rwise well arrang$ caus$ accid5ts = want ( insulators4 ,i consid] ?is precaution sup]flu\s1 because ! fluid seeks ! mo/ direct pa?4 ,! rod prop]ly arrang$ is t pa?2 s x %\ld n make rapid angul> turns1 b z f> z possible be conduct$ by ! %orte/ way1 & t :i* is ne>e/ ! v]tical1 into ! damp soil40 ,at d9n] no?+ 0 talk$ ab\t b ! new h\se & ,madame ,m>ie's arrival4 ,!re 0 a lively discussion ab\t ! way ( mak+ ! surprise complete4 ,! c]emonial1 to :i* ,m4 de ,g&elau _h giv5 "s ?\ght1 0 soon arrang$4 ,! contractors & craftsm5 ( ! neighb\rhood :o _h work$ at ! h\se 7 invit$1 & a d9n] 0 to be provid$ = !m 9 ! g>d54 ,! g5tleman :o _h giv5 ,paul lessons1 ! mayor1 ! cur ( ! p>i%1 & "s neighb\rs & fri5ds1 among o!rs ,m4 ,durosay1 :o _h aga9 made 8 appe>ance 9 ! neighb\rhood1 7 ask$ to be pres5t at ! h\se-w>m+4 ,! workm5 _h n be5 =gott5--!y 7 all to receive "s gratuity4 ,!re 0 to be a ball 9 ! new p>k = all ! c\ntry p1 ) ! cu/om>y refre%m5ts2 & 9 ! morn+ ! poor ( ! p>i% 7 to receive gratuities 9 k9d4 ,paul 0 v mu* afraid t 8 si/] _h "s inkl+ ( ! int5d$ surprise4 ,he said t if no m5tion 0 made ( ! h\se1 :i* _h be5 talk$ s mu* ( be=e ! w>1 9 ! lett]s writt5 to ,madame ,m>ie1 ! v sil5ce might appe> to h] suspici\s4 8,he is "r10 said ,madame de ,g&elau4 8,if ,m>ie asks u :at has become ( ! project & ( ! programme %e s5t1 if %e asks u h[ we h be5 occupi$ dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 we %all be oblig$ to prev>icate consid]ably4 ,we %all contradict ea* o!r1 & ,i really am r av]se to any?+ ( ! sort4 ,we %all n be able to keep up a my/ification = two or ?ree h\rs toge!r4 ,besides1 ,lucie is sure to let out ! secret40 8,oh1 no60 said ,lucie2 8,i %all say no?+1 y may be q sure40 8,y\r eyes w speak = y1 my de> *ild4 ,b ,i w manage ! matt]4 ,leave me alone = a few mom5ts ) ,m>ie4 ,i w tell h] t ,paul1 = ! sake ( "s occupation dur+ 8 ov] long holiday1 has be5 build+ a small h\se1 ) 8 c\s9's assi/ance4 ,i %all all[ h] to suppose x to be a m]e s*oolboy's fancy4 ,%e w ?9k x is only done = amusem5t--a little build+ model1 clev]ly con/ruct$4 ,we c !n talk to h] ab\t x )\t emb>rassm5t1 9 a jocul> way4 ,!n aft] d9n] we w propose to h] to g & see ,paul's h\se40 ,& s matt]s 7 arrang$4 ,paul slept b little dur+ ?is night1 ?\gh he _h />t$ v e>ly f ,p>is1 & _h be5 us+--9 fact1 ov]-us+--8 legs all day4 ,! #ai? ( ,may1 #ahgb1 at #i4dj1 ,monsieur & ,madame ,n---- 7 gett+ out ( ! tra9 at ,x---- ,/ation1 :]e ,monsieur de ,g&elau 0 await+ !m ) a new *aise4 ,tw5ty m9utes aft] !y 7 ent]+ ! c\rt ( ! *teau4 ,we ne$ n dwell ^u ! embraces1 ! transport m+l$ ) te>s1 t occupi$ ! fir/ m9utes ( _! return4 ,madame de ,g&elau _h arrang$ _! rooms ) all possible c>e1 z if !y 7 go+ to make a long /ay at ! *teau4 ,( c\rse ! "m ?\ght h] daught] improv$2 ,madame ,m>ie consid]$ ,paul gr[n--almo/ a man1 9 fact1 & ,mademoiselle ,lucie almo/ a "y woman4 ,?anks to ,madame de ,g&elau1 ,paul's h\se 0 ref]r$ to dur+ breakfa/ only z a matt] ( no importance4 ,! adv5tures ( travel & ! w> 7 talk$ (4 ,aft] ne>ly two ye>s' abs5ce subjects ( conv]sation c\ld n be want+4 ,b ,paul 0 agitat$ & abs5t4 ,8 si/] rem>k$ x4 ,paul blu%$ up to 8 v eyes4 8,i ?9k ,paul has "s s*eme 9 8 head10 said ,m4 ,n----4 ,monsieur & ,madame de ,g&elau look$ at ea* o!r1 smil+4 8,:at is 9 ! w9d1 !n10 said ,madame ,m>ie2 8a conspiracy80 8,p]haps10 repli$ ,madame de ,g&elau2 8b let u all[ him ! pleasure ( c>ry+ x out40 8,conspire1 de>e/ "m6 ,i w help y ) all my he>t10 said ,madame de ,n----1 ) a smile t express$ ar*ness z well z affection4 ,!y c\ld say no?+ = ! mom5t ( ! project$ excursion1 = !y 7 on ! po9t ( betray+ !mselves4 ,madame de ,g&elau wi%$ h] daught] to take "s re/ aft] h] j\rney4 ,m4 ,n---- ask$ leave to despat* "s lett]s t requir$ imm$iate att5tion1 & sil5ce reign$ aga9 9 ! *teau4 ,! day 0 hot1 & no?+ 0 he>d b ! buzz+ ( insects on ! lawns4 ,paul1 h[ev]1 c\ld n keep quiet4 8,y are n a diplomati/ yet10 8 c\s9 said to him4 8,d1 my de> fell[1 rema9 /ill4 ,!re's nobody b y /irr+ 9 ! h\se4 ,y w let out ! secret if y g on 9 ?is way4 ,g to y\r room1 take a book--a dull "o2 y w get to sleep1 & ! "t w pass away40 8,b :at ab\t all ! p :o h be5 invit$ & are wait+ d[n at ! h\se80 8,ah6--yes--true4 ,well1 m\nt y\r pony1 g to ! h\se & tell all ! gue/s to admire ! wond]s ( ! new doma9 & to h pati5ce4 ,say t ,madame ,m>ie is a little fatigu$1 & t %e w n be able to h ! pleasure ( meet+ !m till ! aft]noon4 ,!n return40 ,paul did n all[ ?is to be repeat$1 s impossible did re/ seem to him4 ,he w\ld h giv5 at ?is mom5t t5 ye>s ( 8 life to make 8 si/] resolve to get into ! c>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,x is impossible to say :at ! pony ?\ght ( ! pace ,paul made him g1 at a temp]ature ( #gg ,fahr4 9 ! %ade4 ,he arriv$ 9 a foam at ! new h\se1 s t mo/ ( ! p]sons already assembl$ suspect$ t "s accid5t _h happ5$4 ,:5 ,paul1 q out ( brea?1 told !m t ,madame ,m>ie _h put (f h] visit = an h\r or two because %e want$ re/1 !y exclaim$1 8,if x is only t1 !re's no ne$ ( any great hurry2 x is q natural %e %\ld ne$ re/ aft] s long a j\rney40 ,!n ev]yone want$ to he> news ( ! travell]s1 & !n !y ask$ ,paul to see ?is & t4 ,paul 0 9 a fev]4 8,y are n go+ to ride back aga9 9 ?is /ate10 said ! mayor2 8y are 9 a ba? ( p]spiration1 & y\r pony is :ite ) foam4 ,re/ a little1 & dr9k a glass ( w9e40 ,x w\ld h be5 disc\rte\s n to comply1 = ! mayor _h br\ght a basket ( petit v9 de ,saumur4 ,!y drank ! heal? ( ! future occupants1 & ! prosp]ity ( ! h\se1 s t ,paul lo/ a good h\r4 ,at la/ he 0 able to retrace 8 road to ! *teau1 at ! same rate z be=e4 ,b on rea*+ ! edge ( ! plateau he saw ! *aise at a di/ance1 go+ t[>ds ! h\se4 ,he made a det\r1 s z to jo9 ! p>ty f ! re>1 & rea*$ !m j z ! new doma9 0 com+ 9 sight4 8,look60 said 8 si/]2 8!re's a horseman 9 a great heat4 ,:]e does he come f8 ,is x he :o is direct+ ! :ole plot80 8,c]ta9ly10 repli$ h] "m4 8,look60 ,!y 7 9 fact j beg9n+ to see ! outl9es ( ,paul's h\se1 ) its slat$ ro( gli/5+ 9 ! rays ( ! sun4 ,!re 0 sil5ce1 &1 x mu/ be confess$1 a little emotion4 8,i _h my suspicions ab\t x10 said ,madame ,m>ie1 kiss+ h] "m & fa!r4 8,& s dur+ y\r pa9ful exp]i5ces ( la/ ye> y 7 ?9k+ ( u s mu* z to h realiz$ t project ( a h\se :i* ,i ?\ght 0 only a fancy8 ,& ,paul60 8,paul10 repli$ ,m4 de ,g&elau1 8has _h 8 %>e 9 ! "w1 & has contribut$ sub/antially to ! success ( ! project4 ,if he ev] becomes an ar*itect y w h be5 ! fir/ cause ( x40 8,& y1 de> fri5d10 said ,madame de ,g&elau to h] son-9-law1 :o 0 kiss+ h] h& t5d]ly1 8y say no?+60 8,m4 de ,g&elau _h writt5 to me ab\t x1 & ,i 0 9 ! secret4 ,m>ie c tell y :e!r ,i h kept x or n40 8,s we 7 betray$1 my poor ,paul10 exclaim$ 8 "m4 8,m4 de ,g&elau wi%$ to "k :e!r settl+ 9 ?is neighb\rhood w\ld n disconc]t our plans = ! future4 ,i repli$ to him t1 on ! contr>y1 x w\ld fur!r !m2 & t ! only cause :i* _h h9d]$ my build+ a h\se "h aft] our m>riage 0 ! fe> ( di/ress+ y1 & mak+ y suppose t we did n atta* to y\r mat]nal hospitality ! value x mo/ ju/ly claims4 ,m>ie wi%es to reside "h a great "p ( ! ye>2 %e is kn[n & belov$ 9 ?is h] native place2 no?+ c\ld be m agreeable to h] ?an to foll[ y\r example--ne> to y1 almo/ "u y\r eyes--)\t giv+ y ! tr\ble :i* a p]man5t resid5ce 9 y\r h\se w\ld h occasion$4 ,i _h no ne$ to consult h]1 = ,i knew t y 7 realiz+ a dream :i* %e 0 secretly *]i%+1 )\t hop+ = its spe$y realization40 8,all is !n = ! be/10 resum$ ,madame de ,g&elau1 look+ at h] husb&1 = %e 0 ?9k+ ( :at %e _h said to him "o ev5+1 two ye>s be=e4 ,! family 7 receiv$ ) vivats 9 front ( ! entrance /eps4 ,previ\s to ent]+ ! build+1 !y w5t r\nd x2 & :5 !y came to ! gr\p ( ma/]-workm5 & =em51 ,paul introduc$ !m to 8 si/]1 say+ t x 0 ow+ to _! zeal1 & _! desire to see h] soon settl$ 9 ! neighb\rhood1 t ! completion ( ! "w 9 less ?an two ye>s1 0 ow+4 ,paul's complim5t 7:i* 0 neatly turn$71 b m p>ticul>ly ! c\rte\s be>+ ( 8 si/]1 :o ask$ ea* :at he _h done1 inquir$ ab\t _! families1 & express$ to !m h] wi% to employ !m (t51 ga9$ h] ! he>t ( ^! good p1 :o = ! mo/ "p _h kn[n h] z a *ild4 ,madame ,m>ie want$ to see ev]y?+4 ,at ea* /ep exclamations ( joy 7 utt]$1 & ,paul 0 embrac$ tw5ty times by 8 8cli5t40 ,monsieur ,n---- _h tak5 possession ( ,eugne1 :o1 we ne$ sc>cely say1 0 w>mly congratulat$4 ,m4 ,durosay did n fail to express 8 admiration e mom5t1 & 0 incessantly repeat+1 8,x is a *>m+ feudal manor-h\se60 8,b1 :y1 my de> sir10 said ,madame ,m>ie1 at la/ q we>y ( ! phrase1 8,:y d y call x a #8manor-h\se1' & #8feudal'8 ,i h nei!r manor nor vassals1 & ,i h no wi% to possess any4 ,call x a h\se1 built = me by ^? :o love me1 & :i* w always be op5 to our fri5ds1 & always accessible to ^? :o may ne$ our help40 ,we may be sure t ,paul's resolution to become an ar*itect 0 /r5g!n$ by :at he felt on ?is occasion4 ,let u hope t 8 c>e] may be z successful z t ( ! h\se ^: hi/ory is "h record$4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,te*nical ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,book4 ,,b>rel-,,vault 7b]ceau de vote71 means a vault =m+ simply a portion ( a cyl9d]4 ,,basem5t 7s\bassem5t71 "p ( a build+ :i* receives ! gr\nd floor2 t is to say1 :at is compris$ betwe5 ! floor )9 & ! gr\nd )\t ! build+4 ,,bay-,,w9d[ 7bret*e71 a clos$ & cov]$ balcony or loge1 hav+ front & lat]al views1 =m+ a projection )\t & a recess )94 ,:5 support$ on corbels x is t]m$ an oriel4 ,,be>] 7lamb\rde71 piece ( wood fix$ horizontally aga9/ a wall1 & int5d$ to receive ! ends ( ! joi/s ( a floor4 ,! t]m is also giv5 to ! /rips ( oak fa/5$ on ! pla/] b$ ( a floor1 & on :i* are screw$ ! slabs ( p>quetry4 ,,b$ 7banc71 ! ^w b$1 z a geological t]m1 signifies a homog5e\s lay] compris$ betwe5 two natural horizontal b$s or fissures1 suppos+ t ! mass has n be5 de=m$ by an upheav+4 ,lime/ones & "s s&/ones are extract$ 9 b$s4 ,_! ?ickness is v v>iable4 ,,b$-,,/ones 7libage71 /one suitable = f\ndations4 ,,b$ ,,( ,,! ,,/one 7lit de la pi]re71 is ! upp]1 or "u surface ( ! lay]4 ,bottom-b$ is ! t]m us$ to designate ! "u-surface ( a /one4 ,calc>e\s /ones %\ld be laid on _! b$ j z !y 7 9 ! qu>ry4 ,,blade1 ,,or ,,pr9cipal-,,raft] 7arbaltri]71 piece ( timb] incl9$1 accord+ to ! slope ( a ro(1 :i* is jo9$ at ! upp] end into ! k+-po/1 at its l[] end into ! tie-beam1 & :i* supports ! purl9s 7see next page74 ,,bond 7h>pe71 projection =m$ by a dress$-/one = ! purpose ( a tie into brick or /one-wall+4 ,,brok5-,,back$ ,,ro( 7bresis71 a ro( s call$ is "o compos$ ( two planes ( incl9ation1 "o ( :i* is little & ! o!r consid]ably incl9$4 ,! dorm] w9d[s are g5]ally op5$ 9 ! l[] & m incl9$ plane4 ,,*imney-,,/ack 7s\*e de *em9e71 is ! "p ( ! smoke-%aft :i* surm\nts ! ro(s1 & is sometimes t]m9at$ ) pots ( e>!nw>e or ( %eet metal4 ,,clip 7moise71 comp>atively ?9 piece ( timb]1 s]v+ to connect ! p>ts ( a fram+ by means ( not*es :i* hold !m1 & ( bolts4 ,clips are usually plac$ 9 c\ples4 ,,concrete 7bton71 a comp\nd ( lime1 s&1 & gravel ramm$ 9 horizontal lay]s1 & ?us =m+ a compact & homog5e\s mass1 :i* h>d5s m or less rapidly1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! lime2 & on :i* ! heavie/ sup]/ructure may be rais$ )\t fe> ( cracks or settlem5ts4 ,9 ! mak+ ( concrete great c>e & att5tion is always necess>y1 & a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! nature ( ! lime made use (4 ,,corbel 7corbeau71 support ( /one or wood project+ f ! face ( a wall1 hav+ its front m\ld$ or c>v$1 its sides v]tical & c>ry+ a beam1 cornice1 %aft1 vault-spr+]1 c4 ,,elevation 7lvation74 ,by ?is ^w is designat$ 9 ar*itecture ! geometrical view ( a faade2 prop]ly speak+ ! v]tical projection4 ,,embankm5t 7cavali]71 heap ( excavat$ e>?1 regul>ly plac$ & rais$ above ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,,fillet+ 7sol971 wea!r+ =m$ above a ro(-cov]+ & foll[+ its slope aga9/ ! walls :i* surm\nt x1 to h9d] ! ra9 f p5etrat+ betwe5 ! cov]+ & ! wall4 ,,foot-,,piece 7blo*et71 piece ( wood not*$ at "r-angles on to ! wall-plates ( a ro( to receive ! foot ( ! raft]s1 & ! foot-po/1 :i* h9d]s ! raft] f slid+4 ,,frame 7dormant71 fix$ frame ( wood1 :i* receives ! leaves ( a door or ! op5+ casem5ts ( a w9d[4 ,,gable 7pignon71 t]m9al "p ( a wall1 :i* masks ! timb]+ ( a ro( & foll[s its slopes4 ,,hip 7arti]71 ext]ior angle =m$ by ! meet+ ( two ro(-surfaces on diff]5t planes4 ,,jamb 7jambage71 v]tical side ( a w9d[ or doorway4 ,! t]m is only appli$ to sides ( masonry4 ,,jo9t 7jo9t71 v]tical space left betwe5 two /ones4 ,x is call$ dry-jo9t1 :5 ! /ones are laid close-fitt+1 )\t mort> or cem5t betwe5 !m2 & mort>-jo9t1 :5 ?is int]val is fill$ ) mort>4 ,,jo9t+ 7app>eil71 comb9ation ( work$ /ones4 ,,joi/ 7solive71 piece ( wood laid horizontally to =m floor+ & receive ! pla/] b$ on :i* are laid ! floor qu>ries or ! slabs ( p>quetry4 ,wood joi/s _c1 )\t b5d+1 h a be>+ great] ?an #af or #ag feet4 ,_! /r5g? & di/ance ap>t are det]m9$ by _! be>+ & ! weight !y %\ld su/a94 ,joi/-spaces 7entrev\s71 int]vals left betwe5 ! joi/s ( a floor4 ,keep+ acc\nt 7atta*em5t74 ,by ?is is meant memor&a ( ! "w done or mat]ials us$ on a build+ by means ( writt5 notes or figures4 ,,k+-,,po/ 7po9on71 v]tical piece ( wood1 :i* 9 a pr9cipal receives ! two blades1 & susp5ds ! middle ( ! tie-beam4 ,,l9tel 7l9teau71 piece ( timb] or block ( /one :i*1 laid across horizontally on ! jambs ( a door or w9d[-op5+1 completes ! enclosure4 ,,made-,,gr\nd 7remblai74 ,?is t]m signifies e>? & dbris t h be5 %ift$ by man to raise a piece ( gr\nd or fill up its holl[s4 ,,meet+-,,/ile 7battem5t71 v]tical /ile ( a door or ( a casem5t on ! fa/5+ side4 ,,mortise 7mortaise71 oblong hole made 9 a piece ( fram+ to receive a t5on4 ,! l5g?ways ( a mortise %\ld always foll[ ! gra9 ( ! wood4 ,,newel 7noyau71 pill> or column ar\nd :i* w9d ! /eps ( ! /airs4 ,,not*+ 7embrvem5t71 s9k+ made 9 a piece ( wood to receive a mortise & t5on fram+4 ,,pole 7*asse71 trunk ( a tree1 long & small1 :i*1 fix$ up p]p5dicul>ly1 is employ$ = scaffold+ build+s z !y rise4 ,,po/ 7poteau7 v]tical piece ( wood1 :i* on its head receives "o or m cross pieces4 ,! t]m frame-po/ is appli$ to ! uprights ( a fram$ p>tition1 & especially ^? :i* s]ve z door-frames4 ,,pr9cipal 7f]me71 fram+ ( c>p5try int5d$ to c>ry ! cov]+ ( a ro(4 ,,pr(ile 7pr(il71 section ( ! memb] ( a m\ld+ ( an ar*itectural detail4 ,,pugg+ 7pltras71 fill+-9 ( pla/] "w betwe5 ! joi/s ( a floor or ! uprights ( a la?-&-pla/] p>tition4 ,,purl9 7panne71 ro(+-timb] plac$ horizontally on ! blade ( a pr9cipal & :i* c>ries ! raft]s4 ,,put-,,log 7b\l971 piece ( wood :i*1 re/+ 9 ! wall at "o end1 & ^u ! scaffold runn]s at ! o!r1 s]ves to c>ry ! plat=m ^u :i* ! m5 "w 9 rais+ a build+4 ,,raft] 7*evron71 piece ( timb] ( small scantl+1 on :i* is nail$ ! bo>d+ or la?s :i* receives ! slates or tiles4 ,9 good ro(+ raft]s are plac$ #bj in*es ap>t1 c5tre & c5tre1 at mo/4 ,!y re/ at bottom ^u wall-plates1 or ^u foot-pieces1 9 _! l5g? on ! side-pieces or purl9s1 at _! upp] extremity aga9/ ! ridge-piece4 ,,rebate 7feuillure71 longitud9al s9k+ made 9 frames1 po/s1 & l9tels1 to receive doors & w9d[-casem5ts1 c4 ,,ridge-,,pole 7fatage71 horizontal piece ( wood :i*1 re/+ on ! top ( ! k+-po/s ( ! pr9cipals1 =ms ! apex ( ! ro( & receives ! raft]s4 ,! ridge-poles are support$ 9 _! be>+1 f "o k+-po/ to ano!r1 by /ruts4 ,,ris] 7contre-m>*e71 ! upright face ( a /ep4 ,,scale ,,( ,,proportion 7*elle de proportion74 ,! text suffici5tly expla9s ! use ( ! scale 9 ar*itectural draw+1 r5d]+ x ne$less to enl>ge on ! usefulness ( ?is practical me?od4 ,by scale is also und]/ood ! relative proportions ( an edifice4 ,c]ta9 ar*itectural memb]s give ! scale ( ! :ole4 ,?us1 a balu/rade ought n to exce$ elb[ height1 nor fall %ort ( x2 x !n gives ! scale ( ! build+1 t is to say1 x indicates ! actual size ( ! :ole1 by tak+ = po9t ( comp>ison ! human height4 ,,screw-,,bolts 7b\lon71 r\nd iron p91 ) a squ>e head at "o end1 & a screw ?read at ! o!r1 on :i* turns an iron nut1 s]v+ to hold pieces ( timb] toge!r4 ,,section 7c\pe71 view ( a build+1 or an ar*itectural detail cut ?r\gh4 ,,sill 7tableau71 "p ( ! cas+ ( a door or w9d[ :i* comes outside ! enclosure4 ,,/aircase 7cage d'escali]71 is ! cas+ ( masonry or timb]-"w 9 :i* are enclos$ ! /eps ( ! /airs4 ,,/ile 7montant71 t]m 9 jo9]y appli$ to all upright pieces4 ,,/rap 7tri]71 b& ( iron =m+ a /irrup1 & pass+ b5ea? ! tie-beam ( a pr9cipal1 susp5ds x to ! k+-po/s by means ( bolts4 ,,/raight-,,tread 7giron-droit71 signifies a /ep ( equal wid? all its l5g?2 w9d+-tread1 a /ep n>r[ t[>ds ! out] /r+1 & enl>g+ t[>ds ! wall ( ! /aircase4 ,x is said1 ! /eps ( ! /airs h a n>r[ tread :5 ! wid? is small1 & h a wide tread :5 _! wid? is l>ge4 ,,/r+-,,bo>d 7crmaillre71 piece ( wood on :i* re/s ! ends ( ! /eps ( ! /airs1 & :i* is groov$ to ramp ) & receive ! ends ( ! /eps4 ,,/rut 7li571 slant+ piece ( wood connect+ ! blade to ! k+-po/ ( a pr9cipal1 or a horizontal be>] to a po/4 ,,t5on 7t5on71 tongue left at ! end ( a piece ( fram+1 & :i* fits into ! end ( ! mortise4 ,,tie-,,beam 7entrait71 horizontal piece ( timb]1 :i* receives at its extremities ! foot ( ! blades ( a pr9cipal or truss1 & :i* is susp5d$ 9 ! middle by ! k+-po/4 ,,tread 7giron71 is ! wid? ( a /air-/ep4 ,,tread 7pas71 is ! level surface ( a /ep on :i* ! foot is plac$4 ,,trimm] 7*evtre71 piece ( wood :i*1 fram$ into two trimm]-joi/s1 receives ! ends ( ! joi/s1 ! space ( ! he>?-/one f ! fireplace1 or across ! op5+s ( doors or w9d[s4 ,,trimm]-,,joi/ 7solive d'en*evtrure71 /rong] joi/ to receive ! trimm]s 9 front ( a he>?-/one or across a *imney-brea/4 ,,valley 7n\e71 int]ior angle1 =m$ by ! meet+ ( two planes ( ro(4 ,,wall 7mur74 ,a gutt]-wall is t :i* c>ries a gutt] & receives ! eaves ( a ro(2 a gable-wall t :i* closes 9 ! timb]-"w ( a ro(2 a p>tition-wall t :i* )9 a build+ divides ! rooms--takes ! be>+ ( ! floors & ! *imney-flues4 ,,wall-,,face 7p>em5t71 out] or inn] surfaces ( a wall4 ,,wall-,,plate 7sablire71 horizontal piece ( wood laid on ! top ( a wall l5g?wise1 & on :i* re/ ! tie-beams ( ! pr9cipals & ! feet ( ! raft]s4 ,,wat]-,,b> 7jet d'eau71 project+ m\ld+ affix$ to ! bottom rail ( w9d[-casem5ts & to ! wood-sills1 & contriv$ to ?r[ (f ! ra9 f ! rebate1 & f ! junction ( ! wood-sill ) ! /one-sill4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,london3 ,r4 ,,clay1 ,,sons1 ,,& ,,taylor1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,bread ,,/reet ,,hill4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes pg #aj ,*ang$3 ,:5 8 c\s9 0 come to3 ,:5 8 c\s9 _h come pg #aj ,*ang$3 ar*itectural tyro to unrol aga9 ! pap] to3 ar*itectural tyro to unroll aga9 ! pap] pg #ci ,*ang$3 facts seem to rove t he to3 facts seem to prove t he pg #di ,*ang$3 successful result 9 ?is pacrticul> case to3 successful result 9 ?is p>ticul> case pg #ej ,*ang$3 x is easy to di/+u% ! good to3 x is easy to di/+ui% ! good pg #gh ,*ang$3 by means ( a plumb-lime to3 by means ( a plumb-l9e pg #ahc ,*ang$3 ,well1 if y well let me h x = an h\r to3 ,well1 if y w let me h x = an h\r