,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,equal signs 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate bold 9 ! orig9al text4 ,illu/rations & tables h be5 mov$ s !y d n break up p>agraphs4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,typographical & punctuation errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,,photographic ,,inve/igations ,,( ,,fa9t ,,nebulae ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,*icago ,,press ,,*icago1 ,,ill9ois ,,! ,,bak] ,,taylor ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,cambridge ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,london ,,! ,,m>uz5-,,kabu%iki-,,kai%a ,,tokyo1 ,,osaka1 ,,kyoto1 ,,fukuoka1 ,,bombay ,,! ,,mission ,,book ,,company ,,%anghai ,! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,,y]kes ,,obs]vatory ,,volume ,,iv ,,"p ,,ii ,,photographic ,,inve/igations ,,( ,,fa9t ,,nebulae ,,by ,,edw9 ,p4 ,,hubble ,illu/ration ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,*icago ,,press ,,*icago1 ,,ill9ois ,,copyright #aibj ,,by ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,*icago ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,publi%$ ,janu>y #aibj ,compos$ & ,pr9t$ ,by ,! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,photographic ,,inve/igations ,,( ,,fa9t ,,nebulae#a ,,by ,,edw9 ,p4 ,,hubble ,! /udy ( nebulae is ess5tially a photographic problem = cam]as ( wide angle & reflectors ( l>ge focal ratio4 ,! photographic plate pres5ts a def9ite & p]man5t record beside :i* visual obs]vations lose mo/ ( _! significance4 ,p]haps ! "o field left = ! old] me?od is ! measurem5t ( %>p nuclei deeply en%r\d$ 9 nebulosity4 ,new nebulae are n[ b r>ely se5 9 ! sky1 al?\gh an h\r's exposure made at r&om ) a l>ge reflector has m ?an an ev5 *ance ( add+ sev]al small fa9t objects to ! rapidly gr[+ li/ ( ^? already kn[n4 ,ab\t #ag1jjj h already be5 catalogu$1 & ! e/imates ( ^? )9 rea* ( exi/+ in/rum5ts1 bas$ on ! ratio ( ^? previ\sly kn[n to ^? new 9 v>i\s fields1 lie ar\nd #aej1jjj4 #a ,a diss]tation submitt$ to ! ,faculty ( ! ,ogd5 ,graduate ,s*ool ( ,sci5ce ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago 9 c&idacy = ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,philosophy4 ,extremely little is kn[n ( ! nature ( nebulae1 & no significant classification has yet be5 sugge/$2 n ev5 a precise def9ition has be5 =mulat$4 ,! ess5tial features are t !y are situat$ outside our sol> sy/em1 t !y pres5t s5sible surfaces1 & t !y %\ld be unresolv$ into sep>ate />s4 ,ev5 !n an exception mu/ be grant$ = possible gase\s nebulae :i* appe> /ell> 9 ! telescope1 b ^: true nature is reveal$ by ! spectroscope4 ,x may well be t !y diff] 9 k9d & d n =m a unidirectional sequ5ce ( evolution4 ,"s at lea/ ( ! great diffuse nebulosities1 connect$ z !y are ) ev5 nak$-eye />s1 lie )9 our /ell> sy/em2 :ile o!rs1 ! great spirals1 ) _! enorm\s radial velocities & ins5sible prop] motions1 app>5tly lie outside our sy/em4 ,! planet>ies1 gase\s b well def9$1 are probably )9 our sid]eal sy/em1 b at va/ di/ances f ! e>?4 ,9 addition to ^! classes are ! numb]less small1 fa9t nebulae1 vague m>k+s on ! photographic plate1 ^: v =ms are indi/9ct4 ,!y may give gase\s spectra1 or cont9u\s2 !y may be planet>ies or spirals1 or !y may belong to a diff]5t class entirely4 ,!y may ev5 be clu/]s & n nebulae at all4 ,^! que/ions await _! answ]s = in/rum5ts m p[]ful ?an ^? we n[ possess4 ,our pres5t hope is to /udy !m /ati/ically1 b until motions1 ei!r radial or transv]se1 h be5 detect$ we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) ! problem ( _! di/ribution4 ,! fir/ /ep is to make a sy/ematic survey ) p[]ful telescopes4 ,fa? made a beg9n+ by photograph+ ea* ( ! ,kapteyn fields )9 rea* ( ! ,m\nt ,wilson #fj-;in* reflector ) uni=m exposures ( "o h\r4 ,he discov]$ m ?an eight hundr$ new nebulae1 & confirm$ ! fact t ! small nebulae avoid ! ,milky ,way4 ,?is la/ is vital 9 its be>+ on ! "q ( :e!r or n ^! objects belong to our sy/em4 ,a survey ) long exposures sugge/s itself1 analog\s to t ( ,kapteyn1 b bas$ on ! ,milky ,way r ?an on ! equator4 ,! writ] attempt$ su* a program ) ! ,y]kes #bd-;in* reflector1 giv+ two-h\r exposures4 ,little progress 0 made1 b "o fact /ood out1 namely1 t 9 ! fields ( galactic latitude -#fj nebulae 7 v sc>ce :5 comp>$ to ! numb]s met ) 9 galactic latitude #fj4 ,! t5d5cy ( small nebulae to ga!r 9 clu/]s has be5 kn[n = "s "t4 ,/raton(f's map ( ! di/ribution ( fa9t nebulae 9 ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e %[s x v pla9ly4 ,max ,wolf's m detail$ /udy ( ! ecliptic regions ) ! #af-;in* ,bruce cam]a & ! #cj-;in* reflector demon/rates t )9 ^! l>g] regions ( ! sky :]e nebulae t5d to congregate !re are po9ts ( accumulation ab\t :i* ! clu/]+ is m m>k$4 ,he measur$ ! positions ( m ?an f\r ?\s& new nebulae1 & devis$ a classification :i*1 :ile admitt$ly =mal1 (f]s an excell5t s*eme = tempor>y fil+ until a significant sy/em %all be con/ruct$4 ,! pres5t pap] has to d ) c]ta9 clu/]s ( small1 fa9t nebulae :i* ! writ] f\nd dur+ ! ye>s #aiad to #aiaf :ile photograph+ ) ! #bd-;in* reflector ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory4 ,f ab\t #ajjj uncatalogu$ objects1 #eab 9 #g well-def9$ clu/]s 7 *os5 = measurem5t4 ,kn[n nebulae 9 ! clu/]s numb]$ #gf2 h5ce !re 71 9 all1 "s #ehh objects1 or an av]age ( #hd p] clu/]4 ,! fields are z giv5 9 ,table ,i4 ,! problem ( measur+ & r$uc+ accurate positions ( objects at a consid]able di/ance f ! c5t] ( plates tak5 ) a reflector ( s l>ge a focal ratio1 #a3d1 pres5t$ s]i\s difficulties4 ,! area cov]$ by ea* plate is a squ>e ( "s #aaj to ! side4 ,) ! full ap]ture ! /ell> images are s5sibly r\nd only )9 #e ( ! optical c5t] ( ! plate4 ,f !re outw>d ! coma becomes m & m prom95t1 di/ort+ ! images fir/ into an oval1 & f9ally1 ne> ! edge ( ! plate1 into ! %ape ( an arr[1 :ile ! po9t ab\t :i* ! images build up becomes m & m ecc5tric4 ,= images ( v>i\s sizes ?is po9t w be at v>i\s di/ances f ! c5t]s ( figure1 & at #dj f ! c5t] w fall v ne>ly at ! po9t ( ! arr[4 ,?is introduces at once an ov]:elm+ magnitude-error1 mask+ :atev] di/ortion ( ! field may exi/4 ,,table ,i ,,c5t] 7#ahge4j7 ,,numb] ,,field ---------------------------------------- -------- ,kn[n ,new ,total ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,i #a #j #cj #cadd #ba #eg #gh ,,ii #a #db #bj #cb #j #c #ha #hd ,,iii #aa #c #ed #bi #bg #h #agh #ahf ,,iv #ac #cg #aj #ef #ba #ba #eb #gc ,v #ad #eg #aj #bc #dg #c #di #eb ,,vi #ag #aa #bb #dc #ej #e #dc #dh ,,vii #bc #ad #af #g #bg #ae #eb #fg ---------------------------------------- -------- ,total #gf #eab #ehh ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,if v fa9t /ell> images c\ld be us$ = ref]5ce1 ?is error c\ld be l>gely r$uc$4 ,x 0 necess>y1 h[ev]1 to use />s f ! catalogues ( ! ,a/ronomis*e ,gesells*aft = ref]5ce1 & ) ! long exposures requir$ = ! fa9t nebulae ! images ( ^! />s 7 v l>ge4 ,at ! edge ( ! plate1 = in/ance1 ! arr[-%ap$ image ( a /> ( ! n9? magnitude w\ld (t5 be fully a m9ute ( arc 9 l5g?4 ,x seem$ inadvisable to make an exhau/ive /udy ( ?is magnitude-error1 :5ce ! alt]natives 7 to use a re/rict$ portion ( ! field or to sacrifice accuracy 9 ! r$uc$ positions4 ,! second ( ^! evils 0 *os54 ,! positions ( ! optical c5t]s ( images at v>i\s di/ances f ! c5t] ( ! field 7 det]m9$ empirically4 ,pairs ( plates ( a region 7 tak5 ) ap]tures ( #i in*es & ) ! full #bd in*es & 7 comp>$ 9 ! ,zeiss 8bl9k0 comp>ator4 ,) ! small] ap]ture1 & h5ce ! small] focal ratio1 ! images ne> ! edge ( ! plates 7 s5sibly r\nd & small4 ,sup]impos$ on ! #bd-;in* images1 !y indicat$ :]e ! wires %\ld be set 9 measur+ ! l>g] di/ort$ images4 ,trials 7 !n made1 measur+ positions ( ,a4,g4 />s all ov] ! #bd-;in* plates1 until a k9d ( te*nique 0 acquir$4 ,judg$ by ! aims 9 view & ! results obta9$1 ?is empirical s*eme fully ju/ifi$ itself4 ,at lea/ two plates ( ea* field 7 tak54 ,9 any case ! two be/ plates 7 put on ! 8bl9k0 comp>ator1 & only ^? objects cle>ly nebul\s on bo? plates 7 m>k$4 ,! bett] plate 0 !n plac$ on a ,ga]tn] measur+ ma*9e4 ,! nebulae & all ! ,a4,g4 />s fa9t] ?an ! sev5? magnitude 7 measur$ 9 ,x & ,y ) ! same screw4 ,aft] an int]val ( a day or two ! plate 0 remeasur$4 ,sett+s 7 read to #j4ja mm1 correspond+ to ab\t #j4hg on ! scale ( ! plate4 ,! two measures ( a nebula diff]$ b seldom 9 ?is unit1 & if fa9t ref]5ce />s c\ld h be5 us$1 a high] degree ( accuracy c\ld h be5 ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,9 ord] to ori5t ! plate1 two />s 7 select$ ) z l>ge a diff]5ce 9 "r asc5sion & z small a diff]5ce 9 decl9ation z possible4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ,x 0 !n comput$ 9 millimet]s1 assum+ a scale-value ( #hg4d p] mm4 ,! plate 0 plac$ 9 ! measur+ ma*9e ) ! m]idian r\ghly p]p5dicul> to ! screw1 & adju/$ ) ! tang5t sl[-motion until ! sett+ on ! two />s gave ! comput$ diff]5ce to ! limit ( accuracy ( ! sett+s4 ,?is me?od r$uc$ ! con/ant ( ori5tation ( ! plate to an almo/ negligible quantity4 ,turn]'s me?od 7,! ,obs]vatory1 #af1 #cgc1 #ahic7 0 us$ z ! basis = r$uc+ ! measures4 ,! six plate-con/ants = ea* field 7 det]m9$ f ! five or six ,a4,g4 />s mo/ symmetrically di/ribut$ ab\t ! optical c5t]1 & graphs 7 con/ruct$ f :i* ! values ( ,y-,y & ,x-,x 7 correct$4 ,! & 7 !n add$ directly to ! & ( ! assum$ c5t]1 & f9al corrections to ! positions 7 read f graphs con/ruct$ f ,turn]'s =mulae4 ,any ,a4,g4 />s n includ$ 9 ! det]m9ation ( plate-con/ants furni%$ *ecks4 ,s9ce ! di/ribution ( ! />s 0 ab\t ! same z t ( ! nebulae1 x 0 hop$ t ! r$uc$ positions ( ! latt] w\ld be ( ! same ord] ( accuracy z ^? ( ! />s4 ,= ! #fb ,a4,g4 />s on ! sev5 plates measur$1 ! av]age diff]5ce f ! ,a4,g4 positions 0 #a4j 9 ei!r co-ord9ate4 ,! sett+s on ! nebulae c\ld be made ) great] precision ?an on ! />s1 h5ce ^! results ju/ify plac+ ! accuracy ( ! nebul> positions at ab\t #b4j 9 ei!r co-ord9ate1 except = su* z 7 ne> ! edge ( ! plates4 ,! positions are giv5 = ! epo* ( ! ,a4,g4 catalogues1 #ahge4j4 ,two ( ! ,n4,g4,c4 nebulae _h be5 measur$ by ,lor5z f photographs made at ,heidelb]g4 ,a comp>ison ( 8 measures ) ! pres5t measures %[s ! same second ( arc 9 decl9ation & ! same t5? ( a second ( "t 9 "r asc5sion4 ,! agreem5t is p]fect to ! la/ units us$ 9 ! pres5t pap]1 b z ! nebulae1 ,n4,g4,c4 #gfai & #gfbf1 are situat$ ne> ! c5t] ( ! plate1 !y _c s]ve z a te/ ( ! accuracy ( ^? ne> ! edge4 ,9 sev]al cases comp>isons c\ld be made ) positions f visual measures1 z giv5 9 ! ,/rassburg ,annals1 ,vols4 ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,"h ! agreem5t is n s good4 ,9 "o case1 on ! same night1 positions ( f\r objects 7 measur$ ) ref]5ce to a c]ta9 />1 :i* 01 9 turn1 ti$ up to an ,a4,g4 /> "s di/ance away4 ,! objects are giv5 z ,n4,g4,c4 #ceej1 #ceeb1 #ceed1 & a nova :i* is designat$ z ,k4 ,! photograph %[s ,n4,g4,c4 #ceej & #ceed prop]ly plac$ ) ref]5ce to ! />1 bo? 9 di/ance & 9 position-angle2 !re is no?+ at all 9 ! place giv5 = ,n4,g4,c4 #ceeb2 ,k is prop]ly plac$ f ! />1 b is 9 ! ,n4,g4,c4 position = ,no4 #ceeb4 ,! position ( ! ref]5ce /> is giv5 z ab\t #ag too small 9 decl9ation4 ,k is cle>ly ,n4,g4,c4 #ceeb1 & evid5tly ! f\r? object does n exi/ 9 ! publi%$ position4 ,z ^! objects 7 all 9 ! same field ( view 9 ! telescope1 "o is at a loss to acc\nt = ! discrepancy4 ,a li/ ( ! comp>isons is giv5 9 ,table ,,ii4 ,! descriptions indicate =m1 brightness1 & size1 & occasionally ! location ( a neighbor+ />4 ,wolf's classification 0 us$4 ,x is1 z he rem>ks1 :olly empirical & probably )\t physical significance1 yet x (f]s ! be/ available sy/em ( fil+ away data1 & w lat] be ( great s]vice :5 a significant ord] is e/abli%$4 ,"o class 0 int]polat$ betwe5 g & h1 & 0 designat$ g4 ,brightness 0 e/imat$ 9 ! ord] ,b1 p,b1 p,f1 ,f1 v,f1 e,f1 ee,f1 & eee,f4 ,! range is f ,h]s*el's ,class ,,ii d[n to ! limit ( ! plates4 ,= sev]al ( ! fields diamet]s 7 e/imat$ to ! ne>e/ #e4 ,o!rwise ! size 0 giv5 9 ! ord] ,l1 p,l1 p,s1 c,s1 ,s1 v,s1 e,s4 ,! classification giv5 9 ,table ,,iii is illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,iii1 copi$ f ,wolf's engrav+ 9 ,b& ,,iii1 ,no4 #e1 ( ! ,publication5 des ,a/rophysikalis*5 ,in/ituts ,knig/uhl-,heidelb]g4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature is ! great pr$om9ance ( ! classes e & f4 ,^! two classes =m a cont9u\s sequ5ce f ! brighte/ 9 ! li/ to ! v limits ( ! plates1 :]e !y are b m]e fa9t m>k+s on ! films4 ,elev5 are cle>ly spirals1 & ! sp9dles are unexpect$ly common4 ,^! results are typical4 ,! frequ5cy ( ! classes e & f may m]ely be a way ( /at+ t ! scale ( ! telescope is too small to %[ ! ord9>y /ructure1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t _m memb]s ( ^! classes are pretty l>ge & bright & t ! gradation 9 ! s]ies is app>5tly cont9u\s4 ,z f> z telescopes ( mod]ate focal l5g? are conc]n$1 ! pr$om9ant =m ( nebulae z we "k !m at pres5t is n ! spiral1 b is ?is same 8e1 f0 class1 describ$ z r\nd or ne>ly s1 bright5+ m or less gradually t[>d ! c5t]1 & devoid ( detail4 ,! brighte/ ( ! class are probably ,messi] #fj & ,n4,g4,c4 #ccgi4 ,_! spectrum1 z d]iv$ f objective-prism plates1 is cont9u\s1 & is probably ( ! same type z ^? ( ! spirals & ! globul> clu/]s4 ,a detail$ /udy on an adequate scale ( ! bright] memb]s ( ! class w ?r[ consid]able light on ! problem ( ! small nebulae4 ,,table ,,ii ---------------------------------------- - ,,hubble m9us ,,/rassburg --------------------------------------- ,n4,g4,c4 --------------------------------------- #cgi #j4j #c #chj #j4a #c #chb #j4b #a #chc #j4a #j #chd #j4a #a #che #j4a #b #chf -#j4b - #b #chg #j4b #c #ceejb #j4e #bd #ceeb #j4a #ai #ceed -#j4b #ae #ceeh -#j4c - #a #fcbi -#j4c #c #fccb -#j4c #f #fccf #j4a #h #gehf #j4b #a #gfjh -#j4c #f #gfaa -#j4b - #a #gfabc #j4j #b #gfag #j4a #a #gfaid #j4a - #a #gfbce #j4j #a #gfbff -#j4b - #b --------------------------------------- #b ,nucleus is ecc5tric & undef9$ on ! photograph1 h5ce ! photographic position is probably 9 error by sev]al seconds ( arc4 #c ,mean ( ! positions giv5 9 ,vols4 ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,n4,g4,c4 #gfba is #e4d prec$+1 & #a #di s\? ( #gfbc4 ,!re is a d\ble /> 9 ! position publi%$ 9 ! ,/rassburg ,annals4 #d ,mean ( ! positions giv5 9 ,vols4 ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,n4,g4,c4 #gfba is #e4d prec$+1 & #a #di s\? ( #gfbc4 ,!re is a d\ble /> 9 ! position publi%$ 9 ! ,/rassburg ,annals4 #e ,mean ( ! positions giv5 9 ,vols4 ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,n4,g4,c4 #gfba is #e4d prec$+1 & #a #di s\? ( #gfbc4 ,!re is a d\ble /> 9 ! position publi%$ 9 ! ,/rassburg ,annals4 #f ,mean ( ! positions giv5 9 ,vols4 ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,n4,g4,c4 #gfba is #e4d prec$+1 & #a #di s\? ( #gfbc4 ,!re is a d\ble /> 9 ! position publi%$ 9 ! ,/rassburg ,annals4 ,,table ,,iii ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,v>ieties ,,or ,,classes ,,( ,,nebulae ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,clu/]s ,,or ,,fields ,,field ,,class ------------------------------------ ,i ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,v ,,vi ,,vii ,total ---------------------------------------- -- a #a #a c #a #a #a #c d #a #cc #a #f #da e #bg #ci #aji #da #bg #ba #bj #bhd f #cc #ce #ag #ai #h #ab #ba #ade g #g #c #d #ab #e #g #ch g #e #h #c #a #ag h #b #b #b #aj #a #a #d #bb h #c #b #d #a #b #b #ad i #a #b #c k #a #b #c n #a #a q #a #b #c r #b #b v #a #a w #a #d #b #g irreg #a #b #c ---------------------------------------- -- ,messi] #fj has a spiral z a v ne> neighbor--,h ,,iii #dd4 ,! contra/ 9 ! two classes is well %[n2 s also 9 ! case ( ,n4,g4,c4 #ccgi m5tion$ above4 ,"h !re is a gr\p ( ?ree fairly bright nebulae3 ,n4,g4,c4 #ccgi1 a globul> nebula ( class e2 #cchi1 an op5 spiral2 & #cchd1 :i* might be call$ a sp9dle1 except t ! w+s fl>e out f ! nucleus4 ,! ?ree irregul> =ms are ,n4,g4,c4 nebulae & are comm5t$ ^u 9 ! descriptions accompany+ ! positions4 ,v little c be said conc]n+ ! surface-brightness ( ^! objects4 ,x is indep5d5t ( ! di/ance s long z ! angul> diamet] is s5sibly great] ?an t ( a fa9t />4 ,! photographic plate !re=e records ! absolute surface-brightness ( ! nebulae4 ,high lum9osity is a comp>atively r>e attribute & !re is "s relation betwe5 lum9osity & absolute size2 t is to say1 ! bright] usually h ! great] angul> diamet]4 ,s9ce x is h>d to conceive ( a relation betwe5 di/ance & absolute brightness1 ! fact t ! fa9t nebulae are usually ! small] c be int]pret$ only 9 ! light ( a relation betwe5 lum9osity & absolute size4 ,! clu/]+ ( ! nebulae "h record$ is v pron\nc$4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ,field ,,iii !re are "s #ge nebulae scatt]$ ov] an area equal to t subt5d$ by ! full moon4#g ,9 ord] to exam9e ! di/ribution ( ! diff]5t sizes1 diamet]s 7 plott$ aga9/ frequ5cies4 ,! small scale ( ! plates r5d]s ! numb] ( smalle/ diamet]s v unc]ta94 ,nebulae less ?an #aj 9 diamet] might easily be mi/ak5 = />s & ov]look$1 especially if !y are at "s di/ance f ! c5t] ( ! field4 ,! curves resemble probability-curves1 z "o w\ld expect = r&om di/ribution 9 a clu/] at a def9ite di/ance4 #g ,see ,plate ,,iv1 enl>g$ f negative ,r #cceb1 tak5 ) #abj exposure on ,febru>y #bf1 #aiaf4 ,! numb]s 7 m>k$ on only ^? nebulae :i* promis$ to be readily visible on ! engrav+1 & :i* 7 sep>at$ en\gh to give room = inscrib+ ! numb]4 ,! ,b4,d4 />s are designat$ by lett]s1 = :i* ! key is z foll[s4 ,,field ,,iii ,,/> ,b4,d4 ,a #cjbajg ,b #cjbajh ,c #cjbaji ,d #cjbaaj ,e #cjbaae ,f #cjbaba ,g #cjbabc ,h #bibabc ,j #bibabe ,k #bibabf ,l #bibabh ,m #bibabi ,n #bibacj ,p #bibacc ,r #biaigj ,s #bhaiga ,,table ,,iv ,,di/ribution ,,accord+ ,,to ,,size ,,( ,,! ,,nebulae ,,9 ,,?ree ,,fields ,,field ,,diamet] ------------------- ,,wolf',s ,,field ,i ,,iii ,,vii ,,9 ,,p]seus ---------------------------------------- #e #c #aj #g #ch #e #cd #ae #bg #fg #ab #eb #bj #be #db #ah #bf #be #f #ai #aj #f #cj #e #i #d #b #ce #c #b #d #a #dj #d #e #d #b #de #a #c #c #ej #a #c #fj #c #ij #a ---------------------------------------- ,exposures ( two h\rs gave all ( ! nebulae record$4 ,five-h\r exposures bright5$ ! images some:at1 b reveal$ no new ones4 ,! conclusion w\ld seem to be t ! limits ( ! clu/]s _h be5 rea*$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is unc]ta91 = ! long] exposures gave relatively few />s :i* 7 n on ! plates ( %ort] exposures4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! #bd-;in* reflector at ?is altitude seems to h a maximum work+ effici5cy at slightly ov] two h\rs4 ,save = v exceptionally cle> & /eady skies1 ! long] exposures add mu* labor = negligibly great] results4 ,! diamet]s ( ! fa9te/ />s ne> ! c5t] ( ! field1 ) ! full ap]ture1 f9e sky1 & an h\r's exposure1 :i* are ( ab\t magnitude #ag4e1 are ab\t #b4j4 ,long] exposures are app>5tly subject to *ange ( focus1 diff]5tial refraction1 & o!r di/urbances :i* t5d to increase ! size ( ! images unduly1 & h5ce to spread ! total light ov] a l>g] area4 ,! result is t ! value ( p 9 ! reciprocity equation ,x i,t does n rema9 con/ant ?r\gh\t ! exposure1 b v>ies1 beyond a c]ta9 value ( ,t1 dep5d+ on ! adju/m5ts ( ! telescope1 ! position ( ! field1 & ! condition ( ! sky4 ,h[ev]1 ! effect %\ld be m noticeable on ! />s ?an on nebulae :i* pres5t surfaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,di/ribution ( size 9 ,wolf's ,nebel ,li/5 ,nos4 #c to #ad ,i h plott$ ,wolf's li/s ( nebulae1 ,nos4 #c-ad1 9 ! same mann]1 conv]t+ e/imates ( size into seconds ( arc accord+ to 8 table4 ,^! li/s 7 made f plates tak5 ) ! #af-;in* 7#da cm7 ,bruce cam]a1 ( focal l5g? #bjc cm1 ( ! ,heidelb]g ,obs]vatory4 ,! curves 7,fig4 #a7 take ! same =m1 save t = mo/ ! maximum frequ5cy is = diamet]s betwe5 #bj & #be4 ,"o ( 8 li/s 0 made f plates tak5 ) ! #cj-;in* reflector at ,knig/uhl4 ,x is ( a field 9 ,p]seus1 #cab1 #da #f4 ,diamet]s ( ! #abd ,wolf nebulae & five o!rs 7 measur$ f plates tak5 ) ! ,y]kes #bd-;in* reflector4 ,?is plot 7,fig4 #b7 gives a maximum = diamet]s ar\nd #ae1 & ! long] focus ( ,wolf's #cj-;in* app>5tly does n add to ! numb] ( small nebulae di/+ui%able on ! plates made ) ! %ort] telescope4 ,,table ,v ,,wolf',s ,,nebel ,,li/5 ,,nos4 #c-ad ,diamet] ,li/ ---------------------------------------- --- #d #f #ae #be #fj #bjj #bjj ---------------------------------------- -------- #c #bje #cbb #bia #bhj #aie #cf #f #d #a #fi #aec #ai #f #a #e #f #ii #ajf #bc #a #c #f #ad #aad #gb #b #b #a #g #i #ajc #aef #ce #d #ab #h #hj #cgb #bdc #cd #c #i #dh #agd #afj #ai #aj #c #ca #bf #b #aa #ac #fj #ai #a #ab #ad #fa #afb #bg #aj #ac #bj #fa #bf #c #ad #c #afj #bif #dc #a #a ---------------------------------------- -------- ,! evid5ce1 :ile f> f conclusive1 appe>s to indicate ! exi/5ce ( actual clu/]s ( ^! small nebulae 9 ! sky4 ,if ?is is true1 x is natural to suppose !m physically connect$1 z is ! case 9 />-clu/]s4 ,x is n possible to =m a conception ( ?is /ate ( affairs until "s idea ( _! di/ance is acquir$4 ,suppose !m to be extra-sid]eal & p]haps we see clu/]s ( galaxies2 suppose !m )9 our sy/em1 _! nature becomes a my/]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,di/ribution ( size ( nebulae 9 ,wolf's ,p]seus & ?ree ,y]kes fields ,! "q ( nebul> di/ances is ( fir/ importance1 = x is 9 t]ms ( ?is quantity t ! v>i\s dim5sions may be express$4 ,! d>k nebulosities1 by _! v nature1 & ! great diffuse cl\ds1 "s obvi\sly connect$ ) ev5 nak$-eye />s1 may safely be consid]$ z galactic1 & ?is view is 9 accord ) _! l[ radial velocities ) ref]5ce to our sy/em4 ,! planet>ies h repeat$ly be5 measur$ = prop] motion1 ) negligible results4 ,tak+ a value ( #dj km_/sec4 = ! av]age radial velocity1 & an assum$ l[] limit ( #j4jb = ! av]age annual prop] motion1 a t5tative l[] limit = ! av]age di/ance ( ! l>ge/1 & h5ce probably ! ne>e/1 is f\nd to be ab\t #bjjj light-ye>s4 ,!re is ?us no reason on ?is gr\nd = plac+ !m outside our sy/em1 especially 9 view ( _! decid$ly sy/ematic galactic di/ribution4 ,rotation ( ^! nebulae1 z detect$ by ! spectroscope1 furni%es a means ( relat+ mass & av]age d5sity ) di/ance4 ,assume an axis p]p5dicul> to ! l9e ( sight1 ! mass z conc5trat$ 9 ! nucleus & ! individual di/ant p>ticles z rotat+ 9 equilibrium2 let be ! radius1 ,p ! p]iod ( rotation1 ,m ! mass1 & suppose ! rotation to be circul>4 ,!n _/,p,m ,c1 a con/ant4 ,let ! unit ( di/ance be ! light-ye> 7,,ly72 ( "t1 ! ye>2 ( mass1 t ( ! sun 7,s71 !n ,c1 z comput$ f ! e>?-sun sy/em1 is ab\t #d #aj4 ,let ! angul> radius 9 seconds ( arc d ! di/ance 9 light-ye>s ! d5sity 9 t]ms ( e>?'s atmosph]e at sea-level v ! l9e> velocity ( rotation 9 km_/sec4 ,!n ! foll[+ relations hold3 7#a7 ,m #c4d #aj dv 7#b7 #a4d #aj 7v_/d7 7#c7 ,p #i4ae d_/v ,! velocity ( escape = ! nebula is proportional to _/ & h5ce to v4 ,?is foll[s f ! assumption t ! p>ticles are rotat+ 9 equilibrium1 & !re=e ! factor ( proportionality is ! ratio betwe5 p>abolic & circul> velocity1 t is1 #a4d1 & is indep5d5t ( ! di/ance4 ,! value ( v = ^? nebulae s f> obs]v$ is small1 rang+ f #e to #aj km4 ,h5ce1 if ! assumptions held only approximately1 ! velocity ( escape w\ld be small & ( ! same ord] z t = ! e>?4 ,s9ce ^! nebulae are compos$ ( ! lighte/ gases1 x foll[s t at any save v l[ temp]atures ! molecules w\ld escape at a v rapid rate4 ,c]ta9ly ! nebulae w\ld dissipate if ! temp]atures 7 ( ! ord] ( t ( our own atmosph]e4 ,,table ,,vi d ,diamet] ,mass ,p]iod ,d5sity ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #aj ,,ly #j4jja ,,ly #a4b,s #a4eaj ye> #a4haj #aj #j4ja #ab4 #a4eaj #a4haj #aj #j4a #abj4 #a4eaj #a4haj #aj #a4j #abjj4 #a4eaj #a4haj ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,= an assum$ typical planet>y nebula1 #bj 9 diamet]1 rotat+ ) a velocity ( #f km at #aj f ! p]p5dicul> axis1 ,table ,,vi has be5 con/ruct$ f =mulae 7#a7-7c71 express+ ! ord] ( magnitude ( dim5sions 9 t]ms ( di/ance4 ,! velocity ( escape w\ld be ab\t #h4d km p] second1 :atev] ! di/ance4 ,spectroscopic rotation ( spirals furni%es an analog\s set ( =mulae1 & "h ! incl9ation ( ! axis may be r\ghly det]m9$ f ! ratio ( ! two diamet]s ( ! nebulae4 ,let be ! semi-m9or axis1 !n ! =mulae w be3 7#d7 ,m #c4d #aj dv 7 v 7 7#e7 #a4d --- #aj7------7 9 suns p] cu4 ,,ly1 or 7 d 7 7 v 7 #b4h --- #aj7------7 9 atmosph]es 7 d 7 7#f7 ,p #i4ae d --- v ,! spirals =m a cont9u\s s]ies f ! great nebula ( ,&rom$a to ! limit ( resolution1 ! small] ones be+ mu* ! m num]\s4 ,consid]+ !m to be scatt]$ at r&om z reg>ds di/ance & size1 "s conception may be =m$ ( _! dim5sions f ! data at h&4 ,! av]age radial velocity ( ^? s f> obs]v$ is ab\t #djj km1 :ile ! prop] motion is negligible4 ,putt+ ! annual prop] motion at #j4je1 ! l[] limit ( ! av]age di/ance is f\nd to be ab\t #gejj light-ye>s4 ,if !y are )9 our sid]eal sy/em1 !n1 z !y are mo/ num]\s 9 ! direction ( its m9or axis1 ! dim5sions ( our sy/em mu/ be mu* great] ?an is commonly suppos$4 ,! obs]vations po9t to v l>ge values = ! rotational compon5ts ( velocity1 al?\gh ! necess>ily small scale ( ! in/rum5ts employ$ 9 _! /udy r5d]s ! measur+ difficult4 ,pease has det]m9$ ! velocity ( rotation = ,n4,g4,c4 #deid ) "s degree ( accuracy4 ,at #abj f ! nucleus x am\nts to #cjj km & v>ies l9e>ly ) ! di/ance outw>d4 ,v4 ,m4 ,sliph] reports t = ! ,&rom$a nebula ! angul> rotation is fa/e/ ne> ! nucleus1 & t ?is type ( rotation promises to be ! m common4 ,assume a typical spiral #djj 9 diamet]1 ) ! ratio ( ! axes ( figure z _/ #j4a1 & ) rotation p]p5dicul> to ! l9e ( sight at a velocity (1 say1 #bjj km at ! p]iph]y4 ,^! figures are app>5tly n v diff]5t f ! av]age ( ! two doz5 bright] spirals4 ,table ,,vii gives ! dim5sions 9 t]ms ( di/ance4 ,! velocity ( escape is #bhj km_/sec4 ,at ! l[] limit ( av]age di/ance ( spirals ! typical nebulae w\ld be fifte5 light-ye>s 9 diamet]1 =ty-five million times z massive z our sun1 & #c #aj z d5se z our atmosph]e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! typical spiral nebula is plac$ at a suitable di/ance1 its dim5sions assume ! same ord] ( magnitude z ^? ( our own /ell> sy/em4 ,! conception ( our galaxy set =? by ,edd+ton 9 8 book ,/ell> ,movem5ts & ! ,/ructure ( ! ,univ]se is t ! ,milky ,way =ms a r+ ar\nd a c5tral1 slightly flatt5$ clu/]4 ,?is r+ is suppos$ to rotate 9 equilibrium s t ! />s may rema9 conc5trat$ 9 ! configurations !y n[ =m4 ,assum+ ! ratio ( ! two radii z "o to five1 & us+ ,edd+ton's figures ( #bjjj p>secs = ! di/ance ( ! ,milky ,way1 & #aj suns z ! mass ( ! inn] clu/]1 ! p]iod & d5sity may be comput$ & comp>$ ) ^? ( ! typical nebula plac$ at a di/ance su* z w make ! diamet] ! same z t ( our sy/em4 ,! results are giv5 9 ,table ,,viii4 ,,table ,,vii d ,mass ,p]iod ,d5sity ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #aj #aj #b4g #aj #i #aj #a4d #aj suns p] cu4 ,,ly #aj #aj #b4g #aj #i #aj #a4d #aj #aj #aj #b4g #aj #i #aj #a4d #aj #aj #aj #b4g #aj #i #aj #a4d #aj #aj #aj #b4g #aj #i #aj #a4d #aj ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,table ,,viii ,di/ance ,radius ,mass ,p]iod ,d5sity ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,nebula #f #aj ,,ly#f #aj,,ly#a4f #aj ,s#e4d #aj ye> #e4f #aj ,galaxy #f #aj #aj #b4e #aj #a4b #aj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,! velocities ( escape w\ld be ab\t #bhj km = ! nebula & #agj km = ! galaxy4 ,consid]+ ! problematic nature ( ! data1 ! agreem5t is su* z to l5d "s color to ! hypo!sis t ! spirals are /ell> sy/ems at di/ances to be measur$ (t5 9 millions ( light-ye>s4 ,! computations by ,o4 ,h4 ,truman#h & by ,r4 ,k4 ,"y & ,w4 ,e4 ,h>p]#i ( ! motion ( our sy/em ) respect to ! spirals1 bas$ on ! radial velocities ( ! spirals1 are ano!r & /rong] argum5t = ! hypo!sis4 #h ,popul> ,a/ronomy1 #bd1 #aaa1 #aiaf4 #i ,j\rnal ( ! ,r4,a4,s41 ,canada1 #aj1 #acd1 #aiaf4 ,! pr9cipal objection lies 9 _! app>5tly sy/ematic di/ribution ) respect to ! ,milky ,way4 ,! matt] is usually /at$ 9 ! =m t 8spirals avoid ! ,milky ,way40 ,!re are less ?an #cjj nebulae kn[n to be spiral 9 =m4 ,! greate/ ( !m all is j on ! bord]4 ,x is sugge/$ t ! spirals seem to foll[ ! di/ribution ( ! small fa9t nebulae4 ,if ?is is true1 ! mo/ t c be def9itely /at$ is t !y t5d to clu/] 9 c]ta9 regions ( ! sky1 9 "o ( :i* ! nor? pole ( ! galaxy is locat$4 ,z ! small nebulae & ! spirals inhabit ! same regions ( ! sky1 x is probable t ! ord] ( di/ance ( ! two classes is ! same4 ,classes e1 f1 may ev5 turn out to be spirals !mselves4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a "q = l>ge in/rum5ts1 & is outside ! scope ( ! pres5t pap]4 ,,table ,,ix ,,field ,i ,,( ,,nebulae ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- 7#ahge4j7 ,no4------------------------------,,clas s ,,description ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #a #j #ef #ce4a #cacfci f p,f1 ,r1 #bj;d1 99#adm #bjp4 #b #ci4c #ca #ch #bd e ,f1 ,r1 #bj;d1 99#abm #bjn4 #c #di4j #ca #bb #ad h ,f1 m,e#aaj1 #fjl4 #d #j #eg #e4g #cb #d #ab e e,f1 /4 99#acm #cjnp4 #e #ed4e #cb #ag #da e v,f1 ,r1 #be;d1 99#adm #cjsf4 #f #j #eh #h4i #cb #h #cc e v,f1 ,r1 #be;d1 99#i #anf4 #g #bb4c #ca #cc #ab e e,f /4 #h #da4h #ca #de #cc f p,f1 ,r1 ,s1 #b fa9t991 b,m4 #i #db4g #ca #ag #eh f p,f1 /4 #b99ac1 #ad #a4ep4 #aj #ed4g #ca #af #cj g ,f1 c,e#j1 #cjl4 #aa #eh4j #ca #dc #e g ,f1 c,e#acj1 #cjl1 b,m4 #ab #ei4g #cb #e #cc e v,f1 ,r1 #cj;d4 #ac #j #ei #ac4i #ca #ef #ba f v,f1 /4 99#afm#djsf4 #ad #bh4b #ca #ca #dc f v,f1 /4 99#aem #a4e;f4 #ae #ea4f #cb #cc #dh g v,f1 ,e#adj1 #del4 #af #eh4b #cb #a #eh f v,f1 ,e#fj1 #bjl #c;f994 #ag #eh4h #ca #da #bg f e,f1 e,s4 #ah #a #j #j4g #ca #ed #ce e ,f1 /4 #ai #c4f #ca #ah #ci e v,f1 /4 d4 nuc4 #bj #f4d #ca #bi #ai e v,f1 #a;,e1 #bjl4 #ba #h4b #ca #db #af e v,f1 /4 #bb #aj4i #ca #dc #ab h v,f1 ,e#ij1 #al4 #bc #ae4j #cb #bd #a e e,f1 e,s #b99aj1 #aam#anf4 #bd #ah4i #ca #cj #bb g v,f1 c,e1 ,s1 99#aem#djs4 #be #bb4j #ca #a #db e v,f1 /4 #bf #bb4a #cb #bb #ea e e,f1 ,r1 #cj;d1 99#abm#a4enf4 #bg #bb4i #ca #ca #bi f ,fc,e#fjal1 99#afm#djnp4 #bh #be4j #ca #de #ag f e,f1 ,e1 e,s4 #bi #bi4j #ca #ed #dh h ,fv1 m,e#afj1 #djl99#acm#as4 #cj #cc4c #ca #ed #da e e,f1 ,e1 e,s4 #ca #ci4c #ca #be #bc h ,f1 m,e#acj1 #al4 #cb #dc4b #cb #ag #ah e v,f1 ,r1 #dj;d1 99#adm#cjs4 #cc #ei4a #ca #ce #ad g e,f1 e,s1 /4 #cd #a #a #c4e #cb #ch #i e v,f1 c,e#dj99aam#anf4 #ce #aa4c #ca #ac #af h v,f1 #caj1 #al4 #cf #ai4f #ca #dg #i f ,f1 ,s1 ,e#fj1 99#adm#as4 #cg #bd4e #ca #be #ag f ,f1 /4 99#adm#anp4 #ch #bg4h #ca #eb #ef f e,f1 v,s1 99#aem#bjp4 #ci #cb4g #ca #de #dh e e,f1 /4 9 l9e ) #b;f994 #dj #ej4c #ca #de #eg e e,f1 i,r1 99#adm#as4 #da #eh4h #ca #be #ed e p,f1 ,r1 #be;d4 no nuc4 #db #a #b #e4e #ca #cd #ba e v,f1 /4 99#ajm#bjs4 #dc #bj4d #ca #bi #d e v,f1 ,r1 #de;d4 no nuc4 #dd #bb4c #ca #ah #db f ,f1 /4 & sev f994 #de #bf4d #cb #c #bb e v,f1 /4 99#aam#bjs4 #df #cb4j #cb #f #ai e e,f1 i,r99#adm#cjsf4 #dg #ci4g #ca #cj #ba g v,f1 c,e#hj1 ,s4 #dh #dh4e #ca #dg #e f ,f1 /4 99#aem#anf4 #di #di4j #ca #da #ci f e,f1 v,s1 99#aem#cj;f4 #ej #di4h #ca #eg #c f e,f1 /4 99#adm#anp4 #ea #a #c #e4c #ca #db #g f v,f1 /4 #b99adm#a;f4 #eb #h4j #cb #ad #ea e e,f1 /4 #ec #bf4d #ca #dc #ah f v,f1 /4 #bv,f994 #ed #cg4f #ca #cj #ea f e,f1 /4 bet4 #b994 #ee #eg4f #ca #ee #da f e,f1 /4 99#abm#aep4 #ef #a #d #af4d #cb #b #i f v,f1 /4 bet4 #b994 #eg #a #e #a4f #ca #dh #bb e e,f1 /4 99#abm#as4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,nebulae ,,previ\sly ,,kn[n ,,9 ,,field ,i ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,n4,g4,c4 #cgj #j #ei #ea4f #caddee g v,f1 ,s1 c,e#bj99 #adm#cjs4 #cgd #a #j #ab4e #cb #g #ce g p,b1 m,e#aj;bet4 #b99acm4 #cgf #ad4c #ca #dj #dc f v,f4 #cgi #bb4e #ca #ea #h g p,b1 c,e #j1 #fjcj4 #chj #bd4e #ca #dh #ec e p,b1 ,r1 #dj;d4 #chb #cj4i #ca #dd #h f p,b1 ,r1 #bj;d4 #chc #cb4j #ca #dd #ch e p,b1 ,r1 #a';d b,m4 #chd #cb4b #ca #cg #bf g p,b1 c,e#ace1 #cjl4 #che #cd4c #ca #ci #d f p,b1 ,r1 #dj;d4 #chf #ch4c #ca #da #ce f p,f1 /4 #chh #ed4b #ca #ch #bh f ,f1 /4 #cib #a #a #bi4a #cb #bg #ei f p,f1 ,r1 #cj;d b,m1 99#aam#a sp4 #cid #ca4f #cb #bh #ej f ,f1 /4 #cig #cf4d #cb #bf #cb f v,f1 /4 #cih #a #b #j4j #ca #ej #ej f ,f1 /4 #cii #e4b #ca #eh #a g ,f ,e#ej #djl4 #djc #bj4j #cb #e #i k p,b1 m,e#ij1 #fjbj4 #chg #a #j #dj4a #ca #dc #bc f v,f1 e,s1 /4 ,i4,c4 #afah #j #ei #c4d #ca #dd #ca g p,f1 c,e1 #aej #bel1 b,m4 #afai #a #j #bh4f #cb #bc #eg f p,f1 /4 bet4 #b99aa1 #abm4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,n4,g4,c4 #cgi & #cgb are probably ! same object1 ) ( #cgj1 & ! mean ( ! two ,n4,g4,c4 positions4 ,!re is no o!r object 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity4 #djj #dja ,fa9t />s 9 ^! positions2 no nebulae ne>4 #djb #cij1 ,fa9t />1 #afm4 9 ?is position4 ,no trace ( a nebula4 ,,table ,x ,,field ,,ii ,,( ,,nebulae 7#ahge4j7 ,no4------------------------------,,clas s,,description ---------------------------------------- --------- #a #a #ci #cb4a #caebeh f ,f1 ,s4 #b #da4g #cb #df #c e e,f1 p,s4 #c #dc4d #cb #d #be d ee,f1 ,s4 #d #df4g #ca #bi #b f v,f1 ,s4 #e #ej4d #cb #g #ce e e,f1 p,s4 #f #ee4f #ca #bd #bi e e,f1 e,s4 #g #ei4j #cb #aj #ba f v,f1 v,s4 #h #a #dj #bg4e #ca #bd #ag h ee,f1 ,s4 #i #dh4c #ca #cj #bi e ee,f1 v,s4 #aj #ej4d #ca #cg #df e ee,f1 v,s4 #aa #a #da #e4f #ca #dd #i e e,f1 ,s4 #ab #h4i #ca #ee #dh e v,f1 v,s4 #ac #i4d #ca #ei #cd f v,f1 p,s4 #ad #bj4b #ca #ec #bc e e,f1 v,s4 #ae #cb4f #cb #bj #b f v,f1 ,s4 #af #cg4a #ca #ee #dj e e,f1 v,s4 #ag #dg4f #cb #af #ch f e,f1 v,s4 #ah #ea4e #ca #ee #ej e ee,f1 ,s4 #ai #a #db #j4e #ca #ef #ch e eee,f ,s4 #bj #j4h #cb #bh #be f v,f1 ,s4 #ba #ae4h #cb #aa #bh g e,f1 #cjl4 #bb #af4d #ca #eb #dc e ee,f1 e,s4 #bc #ba4a #ca #ee #da e ee,f1 e,s4 #bd #bc4e #ca #eg #bd f ,f1 ,s4 #be #ca4e #cb #j #i g v,f1 ,s4 #bf #cg4h #cb #db #ai e ee,f1 ,s4 #bg #da4d #cb #cd #bd e ee,f1 ,s4 #bh #dc4e #ca #bi #bj f ee,f1 e,s4 #bi #dd4d #cb #aj #bj g p,f1 #cjl4 #cj #ej4d #cb #ai #ee f v,f1 ,s4 #ca #ej4i #cb #dg #af e e,f1 ,s4 #cb #ea4b #ca #bd #ej e ee,f1 e,s4 #cc #eh4j #cb #j #d e ee,f1 e,s4 #cd #a #dc #b4g #cb #eb #cc f e,f1 ,s4 #ce #e4c #ca #ea #eb e eee,f1 e,s4 #cf #g4j #ca #dh #ag f p,f1 ,s4 #cg #g4e #cb #cb #d w e,f1#dj;d4 #ch #g4g #ca #ef #cf f v,f1 v,s4 #ci #h4f #ca #ed #ae e ee,f1 e,s4 #dj #i4a #ca #ec #a f e,f1 e,s4 #da #i4c #cb #f #aa e ee,f1 v,s4 #db #ab4j #ca #eb #ce f ee,f1 e,s4 #dc #ab4b #cb #bb #eh f e,f1 ,s4 #dd #ac4a #ca #ea #ci h ee,f1 ,s4 #de #ac4b #ca #ei #cd e ee,f1 v,s4 #df #ac4d #cb #b #cb e ee,f1 e,s4 #dg #ag4i #ca #eg #ad f v,f1 v,s4 #dh #ai4f #cb #be #ci f v,f1 v,s4 #di #bj4g #ca #ej #c h eee,f1 ,s4 #ej #bb4f #cb #cf #i e ee,f1 v,s4 #ea #bb4f #ca #di #ag e ee,f1 ,s4 #eb #bc4h #ca #dg #eg e ee,f1 e,s4 #ec #bi4e #ca #eb #bi f v,f1 ,s4 #ed #cj4e #cb #bg #dc f p,f1 p,s4 #ee #cg4f #ca #ec #bj e e,f1 e,s4 #ef #ci4j #ca #ef #dc f e,f1 e,s4 #eg #ci4b #cb #bh #ba f v,f1 ,s4 #eh #ci4c #cb #ac #df e ee,f1 v,s4 #ei #ci4i #ca #ec #e e ee,f1 e,s4 #fj #dc4d #ca #ec #bb e ee,f1 e,s4 #fa #df4h #ca #eb #ah f ee,f1 e,s4 #fb #dh4i #cb #af #dd f e,f1 v,s4 #fc #ef4d #cb #ah #ea f e,f1 v,s4 #fd #eh4h #cb #j #aj e eee,f1 v,s4 #fe #a #dd #j4g #cb #bg #bi e ee,f1 v,s4 #ff #j4h #cb #i #eh e ee,f1 e,s4 #fg #a4i #cb #j #ag f v,f1 v,s4 #fh #d4j #cb #bi #d e eee,f1 ,s4 #fi #h4d #cb #bd #f e e,f1 v,s4 #gj #aa4c #cb #bd #dg f ,f1 p,s4 #ga #ad4i #cb #ab #dh e ee,f1 v,s4 #gb #bj4g #cb #be #ed f v,f1 ,s4 #gc #bd4f #cb #d #cg f ee,f1 e,s4 #gd #bd4f #cb #i #ch f e,f1 e,s4 #ge #cd4i #cb #e #cd f ee,f1 e,s4 #gf #dc4e #cb #bg #cd e ee,f1 p,s4 #gg #dg4e #ca #cc #ac f e,f1 e,s4 #gh #eb4g #cb #bd #bd e e,f1 v,s4 #gi #ef4j #cb #ad #bd e eee,f1 v,s4 #hj #eg4d #cb #d #b e ee,f1 ,s4 #ha #a #df #bh4f #ca #bb #b f ee,f1 e,s4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,nebulae ,,previ\sly ,,kn[n ,,9 ,,field ,,ii ,i4,c4 #agcc #a #dc #be4f #ca #ef #dj f v,f1 e,s4 #agce #ce4e #ca #ee #cb c v,f nuc41 i,r ee,f neb41 #fj;d4 #a #db #bj4d #ca #eg #ee q #bgjcj4 ,f\nd visually by ,b>n>d4 ,n catalogu$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,table ,,xi ,,field ,,iii ,,( ,,nebulae ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- 7#ahge4j7 ,no4 --------------------------,,class ,,description ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #a #aj #ei #ei4d #bibbdj e ee,f1 #be;d4 #b #aa #j #b4a #bi #bc #cg e #ce;d4 #c #ad4g #bi #df #ef e e,f1 #cj;d4 #d #bb4j #bi #ae #ei e v,f1 #bj;d4 #e #bc4e #bi #e #ei f e,f1 #cj;d4 #f #be4h #bi #bg #ba f v,f1 #cj;d4 #g #db4e #bh #ci #aa e ef1 #ae;d4 #h #ef4a #bi #bj #aj d ee,f1 #cj;d4 #i #aa #a #a4j #bh #ea #c e e,f1 #bj;d4 #aj #e4b #bi #aj #ca e e,f1 #be;d4 #aa #ai4e #bi #bb #df e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #ab #bb4d #bh #ci #ab w e,f1 #cj;d1 op5 spiral4 #ac #bc4i #bi #ab #ba e v,f1 #be;d4 #ad #bd4h #bi #ai #d h ee,f1 ,e#afe1 #ceaj #ae #bg4c #bi #cb #ah d ee,f1 #ae;d4 #af #bh4d #bi #e #cb e v,f1 #cj;d4 #ag #bh4d #bi #ab #eh d e,f1 #bj;d4 #ah #bi4b #bi #ca #aa e e,f1 #ae;d4 #ai #cb4c #bi #f #cj h ee,f1 #cafj4 #bj #cf4f #bi #ag #eb d ee,f1 #bj d1 "s /ructure4 #ba #ch4f #bi #ag #ac f e,f1 #bj;d4 #bb #ec4d #bi #ai #cc e e,f1 ,e#fj1 #cjae4 #bc #ef4f #bi #ed #c d e,f1 #cj;d4 #bd #aa #b #b4b #bi #cf #df d ee,f1 #ae;d4 #be #e4g #bi #ej #c w ee,f1 #de;d1 op5 spiral4 #bf #ag4b #bh #eg #bg e e,f1 #bj;d4 #bg #bd4j #bh #de #i g e,f1 ,e#afj1 #djbj4 #bh #cj4c #bi #cc #f e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #bi #cf4j #ca #ad #ea e v,f1 #be;d4 #cj #cf4d #bi #dc #ei e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #ca #cg4i #bi #bd #f d ee,f1 #bj;d4 #cb #ch4g #bi #bf #dd e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #cc #ch4h #bi #dd #ab e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #cd #ci4h #bi #bj #ag e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #ce #dj4c #bi #ed #ee e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #cf #da4b #bi #bg #bj w ee,f1 nuc4 #aj;d1 r+1 #cj;d4 #cg #da4d #bh #ee #eg e e,f1 #ae;d4 #ch #db4h #bi #bc #de d v,f1 #ae;d4 #ci #dd4i #bi #bc #ea e e,f1 #aj;d4 #dj #dg4c #bi #ah #ag k v,f1 ,e#aej1 #deae4 #da #dh4j #bi #dc #bc g ee,f1 ,e#dj1 #bjaj4 #db #dh4c #bi #ba #ba e e,f1 #ae;d4 #dc #ed4j #bi #ba #ai g e,f1 #cjaj4 #dd #ee4g #bi #ce #cc e ,f1 #bj;d4 #de #ef4f #bh #ee #da e e,f1 #ce;d4 #df #eh4b #bi #ac #ej g ee,f1 ,e#ej1 #cjaj4 #dg #aa #c #d4a #bi #aj #ci a ee,f1 #ae;d1 /ructure4 #dh #d4c #bi #ch #ef g ee,f1 ,e#hj1 #bjaj4 #di #ba4f #bi #a #ad d e,f1 #ae;d4 #ej #bb4f #bi #ah #ae d ee,f1 #bj;d4 #ea #bc4d #bi #ag #ba e v,f1 #bj;d4 #eb #bc4f #bi #ci #ce e e,f1 #bj;d4 #ec #bd4c #bi #dj #aa e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #ed #bg4i #bi #i #c f e,f1 #ae;d4 #ee #bh4f #cj #g #i f ee,f1 #cj;d4 #ef #bh4g #bi #j #dg d ee,f1 #ae;d4 #eg #cj4a #bh #di #i e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #eh #ca4d #bi #dc #bb e ,f1 #ae;d4 #ei #ca4e #bi #bh #f e e,f1 #ae;d4 #fj #cb4e #bi #ad #ee e e,f1 #ae;d4 #fa #cc4d #bh #eg #di e e,f1 #ae;d4 #fb #ce4h #bi #ah #i f v,f1 #bj;d4 #fc #ch4e #bi #bc #ee e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #fd #ci4f #bi #bc #i a8 e,f1 #cebe4 ,e#ce1 a m9iature ,dumb-bell4 #fe #ci4g #bi #be #ci e eee,f1 #aj;d4 #ff #dj4a #bi #be #dh e eee,f1 #aj;d4 #fg #dj4c #bi #bc #eg e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #fh #da4c #bi #ba #ee g e,f1 ,e#aaj1 #cj99aj4 #fi #da4i #bi #bb #ba e e,f1 #bj;d4 #gj #dc4g #cj #g #ad e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #ga #dd4g #bi #bb #ch e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #gb #df4b #bi #bh #g f e,f1 #bj;d4 #gc #df4d #bi #cj #be d e,f1 #ae;d4 #gd #di4h #bi #bb #df d ee,f1 #bj;d4 #ge #ea4f #bi #bb #ec e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #gf #eb4d #bi #bb #cd e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #gg #eb4i #bi #dc #ei e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #gh #ec4f #bh #ei #ci e ,f1 #ce;d4 #gi #ed4e #bi #bf #a d ee,f1 #bj;d4 #hj #ed4g #bi #bc #e e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #ha #ee4a #bi #ba #ej e e,f1 #ae;d4 #hb #ef4g #bi #bf #bb e ee,f1 #ae;d1 ,e#ej4 #hc #ef4i #bi #cd #dj e e,f1 #ae;d4 #hd #eg4e #bi #af #ei e e,f1 d\ble nebula1 nuc4 #d ap>t4 #he #eg4f #bi #h #g e e,f1 #cj;d4 #hf #eg4g #bi #bg #ai h ee,f1 ,e#adj1 #aee4 #hg #aa #d #j4h #bi #ag #ea e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #hh #a4j #bh #ef #bh e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #hi #a4d #bi #bb #ae e e,f1 #ae;d4 #ij #a4d #bi #ci #e e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #ia #a4h #bh #eg #ba e v,f1 #cj;d4 #ib #c4d #bi #bg #bf e e,f1 #aj;d4 #ic #c4g #bi #bi #aj e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #id #b4g #bi #bj #ag e v,f1 #bj;d4 #ie #c4h #bi #b #i e ee,f1 i,r4 #if #d4d #bi #bg #cc e e,f1 #aj;d4 #ig #e4g #bi #bh #bc e ee,f1 #ae;d1 fa9t ext5sions4 #ih #e4h #cj #ad #ea e e,f1 /4 #ii #f4i #bi #bb #ej e e,f1 #ae;d4 #ajj #g4f #bh #ef #ea h ee,f1 ,e#be1 #cjaj4 #aja #i4d #bi #ad #bc e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #ajb #i4i #bi #bi #bi d ee,f1 #aj;d4 #ajc #aj4j #bh #ec #ee e8 ee,f1 fa9t ext5sions #fjdj8 #ajd #aj4a #cj #j #bg d e,f1 #cj;d4 #aje #aj4f #bi #h #dh g e,f1 ,e#ade1 spiral1 #djbj4 #ajf #ab4h #bi #bh #eh h eee,f1 #bjaj4 #ajg #ac4d #bi #bc #ae e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #ajh #ac4e #bi #ba #ai g ee,f1 ,e#abe1 #beae4 #aji #ac4h #bi #dg #ad d ee,f1 #bj;d4 #aaj #ad4b #cj #j #eg k e,f1 ,e#dj1 #cdbj4 #aaa #ad4d #bi #be #bd e e,f1 #ae;d4 #aab #ae4f #bi #bi #cf d eee,f1 #aj;d4 #aac #ah4f #bh #ee #ef e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #aad #bj4b #bh #ec #f f ee,f1 #bj;d4 #aae #bb4h #bh #ed #f e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #aaf #bg4i #bi #bc #be f e,f1 #ce;d4 #aag #bg4i #bi #bf #dj e8 ee,f1 #fjdj1 spiral8 #aah #bh4d #bi #bb #ca e e,f1 #de;d4 #aai #bh4f #bi #ba #eh d ee,f1 #ae;d4 #abj #bh4f #bi #be #ah e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #aba #cj4b #bi #cg #db e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #abb #cb4j #bi #be #cg d ee,f1 #ae;d4 #abc #cd4d #bi #ba #cc e e,f1 #bj;d4 #abd #cd4i #bi #db #a e e,f1 #bj;d4 #abe #ce4e #bi #ab #aj e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #abf #cf4j #bi #ba #j e e,f1 ,e#fj1 #bjae4 #abg #cg4j #bi #bg #g d eee,f1 #ae;d4 #abh #ch4e #bh #ef #bb e e,f1 /4 #abi #ci4d #bi #bd #cc f v,f1 #be;d4 #acj #dj4b #bi #ab #eg e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #aca #da4h #bi #bg #dj g ee,f1 ,e#ie1 #bj #aj4 #acb #df4h #bi #ai #ah g ee,f1 #cj #ae4 #acc #dg4i #bi #ca #i d ee,f1 #aj;d4 #acd #di4c #bi #bf #a f e,f1 #ae;d4 #ace #di4i #bi #bi #ai e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #acf #di4i #bi #ad #de e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #acg #ej4e #bi #be #bg e e,f1 #cj;d4 #ach #ea4e #bi #bb #ee e e,f1 #aj;d4 #aci #eb4g #bi #bc #ba e e,f1 #aj;d4 #adj #ed4a #bi #bi #eg e ee,f1 #ae;d4 #ada #aa #e #c4j #bh #ef #dc e v,f1 #cj;d4 #adb #d4g #bi #af #cf e e,f1 #ae;d4 #adc #f4h #bi #ae #ec e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #add #g4f #bh #ec #d d ee,f1 #ae;d4 #ade #aa4f #bi #ch #e e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #adf #ab4c #bi #aj #a d e,f1 #bj;d4 #adg #ac4e #cj #i #cj d e,f1 #bj;d4 #adh #ad4d #cj #f #bh e e,f1 #bj;d4 #adi #ad4g #bi #bj #ch w e,f1 #be;d1 spiral4 #aej #ae4f #bi #h #ai d eee,f1 #ae;d4 #aea #ag4a #bi #bi #af e e,f1 #bj;d4 #aeb #ai4d #bi #aj #eb g v,f1 ,e#dj1 #ej #bj4 #aec #cd4c #bi #be #aj d ee,f1 #cj;d4 #aed #ce4e #bi #ae #j e ee,f1 #cj;d4 #aee #dc4f #bh #eg #bd e e,f1 #dj;d4 #aef #di4b #bh #db #cd f e,f1 /4 #aeg #ea4c #bh #dc #ab e ee,f1 #cj;d4 #aeh #ei4f #bh #eg #ch e ee,f1 #cj;d4 #aei #aa #f #f4i #bh #dd #ee d ee,f1 #cj;d4 #afj #i4g #bi #bi #cj d eee,f1 #bj;d4 #afa #aj4f #bh #dj #df e e,f1 #cj;d4 #afb #aa4h #bi #d #h f v,f1 /4 #afc #ab4h #cj #aa #af e ee,f1 #aj;d4 #afd #ag4e #bi #be #dg e e,f1 #ae;d4 #afe #bc4b #bh #dc #ee f ee,f1 #bj;d4 #aff #bd4i #bh #ci #dj e ee,f1 #cj;d4 #afg #bg4h #bh #da #bf e ee,f1 #cj;d4 #afh #bi4j #bh #ef #bb e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #afi #dj4i #bi #bj #bg d eee,f1 #bj;d4 #agj #cg4g #bh #cc #bc d eee,f1 #ae;d4 #aga #db4g #bi #cg #ei e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #agb #dd4b #bi #e #ac d eee,f1 #ae;d4 #agc #ej4f #bi #ah #ca e ee,f1 #bj;d4 #agd #aa #g #aa4a #bh #cb #ed d ee,f1 #bj;d4 #age #ad4i #cj #ad #de e e,f1 #bj;d4 #agf #ai4b #bi #ah #be h eee,f1 #cjaj4 #agg #bg4a #bi #f #bf f e,f1 #bj;d4 #agh #cb4i #bh #ea #cj e e,f1 #cj;d4 ,,nebulae ,,previ\sly ,,kn[n ,,9 ,,field ,,iii ,n4,g4,c4 #cebg #aa #j #ca4d #bi #ab #f f v,f1 #ce;d4 #cecf #aa #b #e4c #bi #i #e e ,f1 #dj;d4 #ceci #bb4i #bi #bj #ef g ,f1 ,e#e1 #fjbj4 #ceej #aa #c #ec4e #bi #bf #dg p,b1 ecc5tric nuc41 #ce #be4 #ceeb #aa #c #eb4b #bi #bd #ch e ,f1 #bj;d4 #ceed #aa #c #eg4g #bi #bb #ae e v,f1 #be;d4 #ceeh #aa #d #aj4i #bi #ac #ag f v,f1 #ae;d1 ) :at appe>s to be a fa9t r+ #ej 9 d4 #cefa #aa #d #bh4d #bi #bb #ca e e,f1 #de;d4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,table ,,xii ,,field ,,iv ,,( ,,nebulae#aj 7#ahge4j7 ,no4------------------------------,,clas s ,,description ---------------------------------------- -------------- #a #ac #cb #cc4j #efahbh e ,f1 e,s1 99#aem#ajn4 #b #ac #cc #j4d #ef #di #df e ee,f1 p,s4 #c #af4j #ee #di #bc e e,f1 ,s4 #d #da4g #eg #i #a e e,f1 ,s4 #e #ee4f #ef #e #d e v,f1 e,s4 #f #ef4i #ef #f #ae e e,f1 ,s4 #g #ac #cd #i4a #ee #ej #df e ee,f1 e,s4 #h #aa4c #ef #cb #h f e,f1 e,s4 #i #be4i #ef #bi #ad f e,f1 e,s4 #aj #ef4f #ef #db #cf e e,f1 v,s4 #aa #eg4g #eg #j #df f e,f1 v,s4 #ab #ac #ce #d4i #ef #de #ba h ee,f1 ,s4 #ac #di4h #ef #ac #ch h v,f1 ,s4 #ad #eb4j #ef #eb #eh e e,f1 c,s4 #ae #ec4a #ef #c #be e ee,f1 e,s4 #af #ac #cf #bj4a #ee #ej #be e ee,f1 e,s4 #ag #bi4a #ef #ea #be e e,f1 ,s4 #ah #cc4a #ee #di #ei e ee,f1 e,s4 #ai #cc4b #ef #dc #ed f e,f1 e,s4 #bj #ch4f #ee #df #ah e ee,f1 e,s4 #ba #ci4j #ef #ah #cc h ,f1 #cjl4 #bb #da4j #ef #ab #b d ee,f1 ,s4 #bc #dc4g #ef #db #aa e ee,f1 ,s1 99#aem#ajs4 #bd #df4b #ef #dh #ab e e,f1 c,l4 #be #di4g #ef #da #bf f e,f1 ,s4 #bf #ec4f #ef #dh #eg e ee,f1 e,s4 #bg #ee4g #ef #bg #ai h ee,f1 ,s4 #bh #ef4a #ef #dj #ag e ee,f1 ,s4 #bi #ac #cg #g4b #ef #d #bi f v,f1 ,s4 #cj #aa4f #ee #df #cf e ee,f1 e,s4 #ca #ai4j #ef #bd #ed e e,f1 ,s4 #cb #bj4b #ef #bf #ea f ee,f1 v,s4 #cc #ce4e #eg #g #f e e,f1 c,s4 #cd #df4j #ef #e #f f ee,f1 ,s4 #ce #ed4j #ef #aj #ab h ee,f1 ,s4 #cf #eh4b #ef #i #ca h ee,f1 ,s4 #cg #ac #ch #d4c #ef #g #cb f ee,f1 ,s4 #ch #i4h #ef #g #aa f ee,f1 e,s4 #ci #ae4h #ef #ac #i e ee,f1 e,s4 #dj #ag4a #ef #ac #eg f e,f1 v,s4 #da #bi4a #ef #af #di e e,f1 ,s4 #db #ce4b #ef #ae #e h e,f1 v,s4 #dc #ce4d #ef #ac #ee h ee,f1 e,s4 #dd #cg4c #ef #ad #da f e,f1 v,s4 #de #dg4c #ef #da #ai e ee,f1 c,s4 #df #eb4h #ee #ce #bc e ee,f1 e,s4 #dg #ef4d #ef #ab #eh f e,f1 v,s4 #dh #ac #ci #f4i #ef #ae #de e ee,f1 e,s4 #di #g4i #ef #af #ca h e,f1 v,s4 #ej #h4a #ef #e #de f v,f1 ,s4 #ea #i4b #ef #aa #de e ee,f1 e,s4 #eb #i4d #ee #ef #ad e ee,f1 e,s4 #ec #ac4c #ef #af #cb f ee,f1 v,s4 #ed #ag4f #ef #aj #cc e ee,f1 e,s4 #ee #ai4h #ef #aj #ej e ee,f1 e,s4 #ef #bc4j #ef #aa #dj e e,f1 e,s4 #eg #be4a #ef #af #dc e ee,f1 e,s4 #eh #cj4c #ef #bf #di f e,f1 e,s4 #ei #ca4f #ef #bj #c e ee,f1 ,s4 #fj #de4a #ef #bi #e f e,f1 v,s4 #fa #de4g #ef #cd #df e ee,f1 ,s4 #fb #ed4b #ef #ae #ah e ee,f1 e,s4 #fc #ac #dj #c4b #ef #cg #bb e ee,f1 e,s4 #fd #e4i #ef #cj #ef e ee,f1 e,s4 #fe #e4i #ef #cj #bi h ee,f1 #cjl4 #ff #bg4b #ef #f #bg e ee,f1 v,s4 #fg #ac #da #bg4b #ef #bj #ch e e,f1 #fj;d4 #fh #ch4h #ee #dg #ae e e,f1 e,s4 #fi #dg4d #ee #dd #ed f e,f1 v,s4 #gj #ac #db #dj4b #ef #ae #ed e ee,f1 ,s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #aj ,field ,,iv cov]s ! position ( a gr\p ( #ah small nebulae ann\nc$ by ,e4 ,e4 ,b>n>d 9 ,a/ronomis*e ,na*ri*t51 #abe1 #cfi1 #ahij4 ,! positions !re giv5 7 r\gh e/imations f ! />s ,b4,d4 #ef4afgi & ,b4,d4 #ef4afhb4 ,on ! photographs1 ! nebulae 9 ?is region are s small & s cr[d$ t ,i h be5 able to id5tify only ?ree individuals ( ! gr\p4 ,b>n>d's ,nos4 #d1 #g1 & #ah are v probably my ,nos4 #da1 #dc1 & #fb4 ,,nebulae ,,previ\sly ,,kn[n ,,9 ,,field ,,iv ,n4,g4,c4 #ebgh #ac #cf #ei4de #efah #c4h #ebgi #cg #c4gb #ef #ah #ad4e #ebid #dj #ci4g #ee #ee #b f e,f1 ,s1 99#aem#anp4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,n4,g4,c4 #ebgh & #ebgi =m a d\ble nebula1 some:at simil> to ,messi] #ea4 #ebgh is ! nucleus & #ebgi is at ! tail ( ! arm4 ,! spiral app>5tly has b "o bran*4 ,,table ,,xiii ,,field ,v ,,( ,,nebulae 7#ahge4j7 ,no4 ---------------------------,,class ,,description ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #a #ad #ec #eb4e #bcajaf e e,f1 ,s1 ,r4 #b #ed4e #bc #eg #ci e v,f1 ,r1 #bj;d1 99#ahm#djnf4 #c #ad #ed #ef4b #bc #ec #cg g e,f1 ,s1 m#c4 99#afm#a4np4 #d #eh4a #bc #af #ef e v,f1 p,s1 i,r4 #e #ad #ee #f4g #bc #bd #cb f e,f1 ,s4 #f #af4b #bd #e #cj f ,f1 ,s1 99#agm#cjn4 #g #ca4d #bd #f #i w ,f1 #cj;d4 ,spiral4 #h #ce4i #bc #eh #bg g v,f1 m,e1 #djl1 bet4 #b994 #i #cg4c #bd #ab #ec e e,f1 e,s4 #aj #ad #ef #ac4g #bc #eb #ba g ,f1 ,e1 spiral8 #aa #ag4g #bd #b #cj g ,f1 ,e#ahj4 #ab #bf4c #bd #j #ea h v,f1 ,s1 i,r4 #ac #bg4j #bd #i #bh g ,f1 v,s1 ,e4 #ad #bh4f #bc #bc #h e v,f1 ,s1 ,r1 #ae;d1 no nuc4 #ae #cj4j #bc #ed #ec e v,f1 v,s1 ,r4 #af #cb4f #bd #b #dg f e,f1 v,s4 #ag #df4d #bd #c #ed e e,f1 ,s1 i,r4 #ah #dg4h #bd #cf #d e v,f1 ,s1 i,r4 #ai #ea4b #bc #dj #d e v,f1 v,s4 #bj #ef4j #bc #ea #aj e e,f1 v,s1 ,r4 #ba #eh4g #bc #di #ab f e,f1 v,s1 ,r4 #bb #eh4g #bc #ej #ad e e,f1 e,s1 ,r4 #bc #ei4j #bc #ea #da g e,f1 ,s1 ,,ie4 #bd #ad #eg #d4c #bc #ea #ea e e,f1 ,s4 #be #d4c #bc #eb #h f e,f1 ,e4 #bf #f4a #bd #e #ef f ,f1 bet4 #b99ad1 #aem4 #bg #h4d #bc #dg #bb g e,f1 c,s1 i,r4 #bh #h4i #bd #af #ei e e,f1 ,s4 #bi #aj4c #bc #ej #ca e e,f1 ,s4 #cj #aa4c #bc #df #dd e e,f1 ,s4 #ca #aa4h #bc #di #eg e e,f1 ,s4 #cb #ac4f #bc #ec #b h e,f1 ,s4 #cc #ah4h #bc #dd #bb g e,f1 ,s4 #cd #bd4a #bc #db #db e e,f1 c,s1 i,r4 #ce #bd4c #bd #d #dj e e,f1 ,s1 i,r4 #cf #bf4h #bc #de #b e e,f1 v,s1 i,r4 #cg #ce4i #bd #f #cg e e,f1 ,s4 #ch #da4g #bd #ce #g f e,f1 ,s4 #ci #dc4j #bc #bd #ch e v,f1 ,r1 #cj;d1 no nuc4 #dj #ea4g #bd #j #dh g e,f1 v,s1 ) #b99ad & #afm4 #da #ad #eh #j4f #bc #ah #d c v,f1 #be;d1 spiral8 #db #f4h #bc #aa #ba g ,f1 c,l1 m,e#ahj1 #hjae4 #dc #ah4e #bc #bf #cj g e,f1 ,s1 #bj;d4 #dd #ai4h #bc #ba #ee f v,f1 ,r8 #fj;d4 #de #be4i #bc #be #ce e e,f1 ,s1 ,r1 #bj;d4 #df #dh4d #bc #dj #eg g e,f1 c,s1 m,e4 #dg #ed4g #bc #ed #ab e ,f1 m,e #ahj4 #dh #ad #ei #ef4h #bd #aj #cb e v,f1 ,s1 i,r1 b,m4 #di #ae #j #g4b #bc #eb #aa e e,f1 ,s1 i,r4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,nebulae ,,previ\sly ,,kn[n ,,9 ,,field ,v ,n4,g4,c4 #ehbi #ad #eg #i4f #bcdibi w op5 #b;br1 spiral4 ,i4,c4 #debf #ad #eg #e4i #bc #ej #ca e p,b1 ,r1 #ah;d4 #decb #ei #ba4g #bc #dd #dc e p,b1 ,s1 ,e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,i4,c4 #debf is connect$ ) ,n4,g4,c4 #ehbi4 ,! two =m a d\ble nebula fa%ion$ z a m9iature ( ,messi] #ea4 ,,table ,,xiv ,,field ,,vi ,,( ,,nebulae 7#ahge4j7 ,no4 ------------------------,,class ,,description ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #a #ag #h #af4gdd #ece f v,f1 v,s1 99#acm1 #a;f4 #b #bi4i #dc #bf #f f v,f1 v,s1 /4 #c #ce4b #dc #bc #h g e,f1 ,e #fj1 99#acm#djsp4 #d #eb4f #db #eg #dd f ,f1 ,s1 /4 #e #ag #i #b4f #dd #ah #bh e v,f1 v,s1 99#afm1 #djs4 #f #ad4b #dd #af #aa e e,f1 ,s1 99#afm1 #dj;f4 #g #ag4e #dc #ej #ea f v,f1 %>p nuc4 #cj;d4 #h #cc4b #dc #b #ch e ,f1 p,s1 99#agm1 #an4 #i #ce4a #dd #b #ed e ,f1 v,s1 99#aem1 #cj;f4 #aj #da4a #dc #ch #ci g p,f1 ,s1 m,e1 #fj99adm1 #cjp4 #aa #ec4h #dc #eb #b e v,f1 v,s1 99#agm1 #djn4 #ab #ag #aj #c4d #dd #ab #ce f e,f1 e,s1 99#afm1 #cjn4 #ac #bc4c #dc #di #cb e v,f1 v,s1 bet4 #b vf994 #ad #be4e #dc #dc #g f v,f1 v,s4 #ae #bi4a #dc #dd #dh e v,f1 v,s4 #af #cc4j #dd #d #dc g v,f1 ,s4 #ag #cg4g #dd #e #cb e e,f1 v,s4 #ah #ci4j #dc #db #ch g v,f1 e,s1 99#afm1 #djsf4 #ai #dj4b #dd #e #bj h e,f1 v,s4 #bj #df4g #dc #ea #ad f v,f1 v,s1 99#afm1 #djsf4 #ba #eb4h #dc #cc #i f v,f1 ,s1 99#afm1 #djsf4 #bb #ee4g #dd #d #h g ,f1 c,e #gj1 99#adm1 #djn4 #bc #ag #aa #af4c #dc #aj #eg f v,f1 ,s4 #bd #be4i #dc #be #dh f p,f1 ,s1 99#afm1 #dj;f4 #be #cc4i #dc #dg #ba g v,f1 vs1 c,e #afj1 99#aem1 #djnp4 #bf #cf4g #dc #db #ea h v,f1 ,s1 c,e #abj1 fa9t nuc4 #bg #dc4j #dc #ec #ce g p,f1 ,s1 c,e #bj1 99#adm1 #a4enp4 #bh #de4g #dc #ee #db f ,f1 v,s1 99#aem1 #djnf4 #bi #dh4f #dc #eh #ej e v,f1 ,s 99#acm1 #a4en4 #cj #eg4a #dd #h #ej e e,f1 es4 #ca #eg4h #dd #h #f e e,f1 ,s4 #cb #eg4i #dc #dd #eg e v,f1 v,s1 99#aem1 #cj;f4 #cc #ag #ab #ac4c #dd #b #af e ,f1 e,s1 99#abm1 #an4 #cd #bf4b #dd #ab #ba e ,f1 e,s4 #ce #cg4b #dd #ab #ab e ,f1 e,s1 ) #b99abm4 #cf #ch4d #dc #bh #eb f p,f1 v,s1 99#a4es4 #cg #dj4i #dc #ed #dj h e,f1 c,e #aej1 no nuc4 #ch #dd4i #dc #de #bb e v,f1 v,s1 ) #b99afm4 #ci #ej4f #dc #ci #dh f v,f1 e,s1 ) #b f994 #dj #ea4j #dc #dh #af e v,f1 v,s1 99#afm1 #djnf4 #da #ag #ac #d4i #dc #cf #cg e e,f1 v,s1 99#aem1 #bjs4 #db #bg4b #dc #dj #ci e v,f1 v,s4 #dc #ci4b #dc #dd #ai e v,f1 ,s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,nebulae ,,previ\sly ,,kn[n ,,9 ,,field ,,vi ,n4,g4,c4 #fcbc #ag #i #cj4f #dceedb i p,f1 m,e1 ns1 #djl4 #fcbi #ag #aj #bg4c #dc #di #dj f p,f1 p,l1 sl,e4 #fccb #ag #aa #ae4b #dc #dh #e g p,f1 p,l1 ,e #de4 #fccf #ag #ab #cj4j #dc #ee #ce v p,f1 op5 spiral1 #de;d4 ,i4,c4 #dfde #ag #aj #ec4j #dcaddj e v,f1 p,s1 ) #b fa9t994 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,n4,g4,c4 #fcbg is on ! plate b 0 n measur$4 ,,table ,,xv ,,field ,,vii ,,( ,,nebulae 7#ahge4j7 ,no4 -----------------------,,class ,,description ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #a #bc #aj #be4ghacbh f /4 #adm4 #b #bc #aa #ai4d #g #cd #ac e ,f1 ,s1 99#agm#cjs4 #c #ci4c #g #de #bf d v,f1 ,r1 no nuc41 #afm#de np4 #d #dg4c #g #c #ee f e,f1 ,s1 ,r1 no nuc4 #e #bc #ab #bc4a #g #ah #bj c v,f1 /4 nuc4 ) r+ #de;d4 #f #db4b #f #de #g d e,f1 ,s1 ,r1 no nuc4 #g #ea4a #g #b #aj q ,f1 #a;b,m1 m,e#ajj1 #ajj1 #bj4 #h #bc #ac #ag4b #g #bd #ab h v,f1 ,s1 #a;,e#ej99adm#cjp4 #i #ai4d #g #cd #ea q ,f1 %>p nuc41 m,e#gj1 #hjbj4 #aj #bi4i #g #ca #ae f ,f1 ,s1 ,e#aej4 #aa #cc4f #h #f #ea d e,f1 p,s1 ,r4 #ab #ce4d #g #eb #ci g p,f1 b,m1 m,e#aej #djl4 #ac #da4f #g #cb #b g e,f1 v,s4 #ad #da4f #g #ah #ac e v,f1 v,s1 #b fa9t 994 #ae #di4a #g #b #af e v,f1 ,s1 #b fa9t 994 #af #eb4g #g #ad #eb h ,f1 %>p nuc4 vm,e#bjijae4 #ag #ef4f #g #ai #af e e,f1 p,l1 no nuc4 #ah #bc #ad #b4d #f #ea #h f ,f1 ,s1 ,r1 99#adm#ijn4 #ai #b4i #g #ch #ee f ,f1 ,s1 ,r1 b,m4 #bj #ah4d #g #db #dj f ,f1 ,s1 b,m4 #ba #bd4d #g #de #ce e e,f1 v,s1 99#afm#cjs4 #bb #ca4c #g #bg #aj e e,f1 v,s1 bet4 #b994 #bc #cd4i #g #ca #dg e v,f1 ,s4 #bd #cf4j #g #cj #c f v,f1 v,s4 #be #cf4b #g #db #d f v,f1 v,s4 #bf #cg4e #g #da #d f v,f1 v,s4 #bg #da4h #g #bi #dj h ,,fn1 m,e#afj1 #hjbj4 #bh #da4h #g #ac #df f p,f1 v,s1 b,m1 ) #b fa9t 994 #bi #db4d #g #dd #cb e e,f1 e,s199#adm#asp4 #cj #df4a #g #cb #ca n p,f,n1 ecc5tric1 m,e#ij4 #ca #df4b #g #bi #ba i p,f1 v,s1 ,r4 #cb #eb4h #f #dj #di f /4 #adm4 #cc #ed4i #g #cb #ci e ,f1 ,s1 #a;,e4 #cd #ef4b #g #aj #g i v,f1 ,s1 ,e1 99#adm#cjsf4 #ce #ef4i #f #dg #da e v,f1 #a;,e1 99#aem#cjs4 #cf #eh4e #g #cc #bd e v,f1 v,s1 99#agm#cj;f4 #cg #bc #ae #e4i #g #ea #bc e v,f1 ,r1 lv,m1#dj;d1 99#ab4an4 #ch #aa4a #g #bj #ae f v,f1 ,s1 ,e1 99#adm#cjsp4 #ci #af4i #g #cd #bc e v,f1 v,s1 99#aem#anp4 #dj #bj4d #g #ch #ae d v,f1 v,s4 #da #ba4h #h #ah #bd h v,f1 ,e1 99#im1 sup]impos$4 #db #bf4j #h #bc #cg d p,f1 p,l1 ,r1 lb,m4 #dc #bh4g #g #bi #dc f ,f1 ,s4 #dd #ec4j #h #ae #ad e e,f1 p,l1 i,r1 no nuc4 #de #ef4c #g #df #cb e e,f1 ,s1 99#afm#djp4 #df #bc #af #bd4b #g #dj #cb e v,f1 ,e1 99#agm#dj;f4 #dg #ch4h #h #ah #ci h e,f1 no nuc41 vm,e#age1 #aejcj4 #dh #db4e #g #cc #ci g v,f1 ,s1 ,e4 #di #dc4d #g #cf #ci e e,f1 p,s1 no nuc4 ,trapz4 ( #d994 #ej #ee4c #g #ea #h e v,f1 ,s1 99#abm#as4 #ea #bc #ag #ad4b #g #cg #cg e e,f1 v,s1 99#abm#bnf4 #eb #cd4i #f #ee #dj d e,f1 p,s1 no nuc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,nebulae ,,previ\sly ,,kn[n ,,9 ,,field ,,vii ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,n4,g4,c4 #gfjd #bc #aa #ca4g #fdddh f ,f1 ,r1 b,m4 #gfje #cb4f #f #da #df f ,f1 ,r1 b,m1 99#aem#gjp4 #gehf #cf4a #g #ed #g f p,f1 /4 #gfjh #bc #ab #ee4e #g #dj #f h p,f1 %>p nuc41 m,e#bj1 #ajjbe4 #gfaa #bc #ac #af4f #g #bb #de g p,b1 gb,m1 m,e#adj1 #hjcj4 #gfab #bd4g #g #ec #ch g p,b1 mb,m1 c,e#agj1 #hjdj4 #gfae #ce4j #g #db #eh f ,f1 ,e#acj1 99 #adm involv$4 #gfag #di4b #g #bh #ed e p,f1 p,s1 mb,m1 vl,e#bj4 #gfai #ed4h #g #ca #ai f ,b1 ,r1 #ij;d4 #gfba #bc #ad #e4j #g #dj #ef g p,f1 p,s1 mb,m1 ,e#j4 #gfbc #aj4d #g #db #de f p,b1 ,r1 mb,m1 #fj;d4 #gfbf #bb4h #g #ca #ef f ,b1 ,r1 b,m1 #ij;d1 99#adm#fjp4 #gfca #bc #ae #g4a #g #ca #ei g p,b1 mb,m1 m,e#hj1 #aajdj4 #gfcd #bb4c #h #ab #ad f ,f1 ,r1 99#ajm#bjp4 #b;d ,i4,c4 #ecji #bc #ab #ea4h #g #be #cb g p,f1 mb,m1 ,e#j1 #ejcj1 99#adm on s\? edge4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,y]kes ,,obs]vatory ,may1 #aiag ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii ,,wolf',s ,,classes ,,( ,,nebulae 7,copi$ f ! ,knig/uhl ,heidelb]g ,publications7 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv ,,enl>g$ ,,negative ,,( ,,field ,,iii#bc #aa #ca ,c5t] at #aa #d1 #bicj ,= id5tification ( lett]$ />s see footnote #g page #e4