,,9 ,,que/ ,,( ,,! ,,p]fect ,,book ,a book is a portion ( ! et]nal m9d caught 9 its progress ?r\gh ! _w /amp$ 9 an in/ant1 & pres]v$ = et]nity4--,"l ,h\ghton 7#ahji-ahhe7 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,,m>y',s ,,psalt]1 ,engli%1 #ad? ,c5tury ,! ,la/ ,judgem5t 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,royal ,,ms4 #b;,b vii1 #aa #g in*es7 ,,9 ,,que/ ,,( ,,! ,,p]fect ,,book ,,rem9isc5ces ,,reflections ,,( ,a ,,bookman ,,william ,,dana ,,orcutt ,illu/ration3 ,william ,dana ,orcutt's pr9t]'s m>k ,,publi%$ ,,mcmxxvi ,,bo/on ,,little1 ,,br[n ,,company ,copyright1 #aibf1 by ,little1 ,br[n & ,company ,all rights res]v$ 4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,publi%$ ,septemb]1 #aibf 4 ,repr9t$ ,octob]1 #aibf ,repr9t$ ,novemb]1 #aibf ,,! ,,au?or is indebt$ to ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly = p]mission to repr9t z ! fir/ *apt] ( ?is volume an essay :i* orig9ally appe>$ 9 t magaz9e2 to ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor = p]mission to use1 9 q diff]5t =m1 c]ta9 mat]ial :i* has be5 drawn ^u 9 lit]>y editorials writt5 by him = its columns2 to ,alban ,dobson1 ,esq41 ,g4 ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ,esq41 ,h5ry ,james1 ,esq41 ,mrs4 ,anne ,cobd5-,s&]son1 & o!rs1 = p]mission to pr9t p]sonal lett]s & photographs4 ,to ,,italy ,t great ,c\ntry ^: ,ma/]-,spirits 9 ,art1 ,typography1 & ,lit]ature h contribut$ mo/ t[>d ,,! ,,p]fect ,,book ?is ,volume is ,d$icat$ ,,=eword ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition ,ye>s ago1 ,i prep>$ :at seem$ to me a spl5did ,=eword to my fir/ novel1 & 0 mu* *agr9$ :5 ,i 0 urg$ to leave x out4 ,at ! "t1 ! comm5t t came ) ! advice seem$ a bit brutal3 8,a ,=eword is an admission on ! "p ( an au?or t he has fail$ to tell 8 /ory1 or is an insult to ! intellig5ce ( 8 read]s40 ,s9ce !n my own feel+s h come 9 su* complete accord t ! reque/ ( my publi%]s = a ,=eword to ?is ,?ird ,edition comes z a surprise4 ,b1 aft] all1 ?is is n my /ory1 b ! /ory ( ! ,book1 s1 z record]1 ,i mu/ recognize my responsibility4 ,i h claim$ t ?is /ory 0 ,romance1 b s9ce writ+ x1 ,romance has alli$ itself to ,drama1 = ! ,gut5b]g ,bible1 a copy ( :i* sold 9 ,febru>y = a record price ( #abj1jjj1 9 ,septemb] a*iev$ ! /up5d\s value ( #cje1jjj6 ,surely ! ,book has come into its own6 ,aft] devot+ a lifetime to pr9t+ z an art1 ,i h naturally be5 gratifi$ to discov] t s l>ge & fri5dly an army ( read]s exi/s to :om books mean some?+ m ?an pap] & type & b9d]s' bo>ds4 ,to _m ( my read]s1 ! ideas advanc$ 9 ?is volume app>5tly h be5 novel1 b appeal+3 8,i h be5 ov] ! books 9 my libr>y10 writes "o1 8& f9d _m t n[ take on new significance40 ,ano!r says1 8,i feel t ,i h miss$ mu*1 all ^! ye>s1 9 n kn[+ h[ fasc9at+ ! /ory ( ! ,book itself really is40 ,!n !re are ^? :o are good en\gh to say t ! /ory ( my adv5tures has help$ to place ! art ( pr9t+ :]e x rightfully belongs4 ,"s ( my review]s & "s correspond5ts seem s]i\sly to ?9k t ,i believe ! ,que/ to be end$4 ,?9k ( ! trag$y ( hav+ s allur+ an adv5ture become an accompli%$ fact1--ev5 grant+ t x 7 possible6 ,:]e is ! ,p]fect ,book to be f\nd8 ,9 ! words ( ! au?or or 9 ! he>t ( ! read]8 ,9 ! design ( a type or 9 ! skill ( ! typograph] or ! b9d]8 ,9 ! *>m ( ! pap] or 9 ! beauty ( ! illum9ation or illu/ration8 ,x mu/1 ( c\rse1 be 9 ! h>moni\s comb9ation ( all ( ^!1 b ! words ( an au?or :i* f9d a place 9 "o read]'s he>t fail to int]e/ ano!r2 ! design ( a type t is appropriate to "o book is n equally expressive 9 all4 ,! ^w p]fection has no place 9 our language except z an inc5tive4 ,to se>* = x is an absorb+ adv5ture1 = x quick5s our s5ses to p]ceive mu* t w\ld o!rwise be lo/4 ,if p]fection c\ld become commonplace1 ! ,que/ w\ld end1--& ,god pity ! _w6 ,until !n ea* ( u w def9e ! ,p]fect ,book 9 8 own words1 ea* ( u w seek x 9 8 own way4 ,a writ] may be born :o comb9es ! wisdom ( ,solomon1 ! p[] ( analysis ( ,h5ry ,james1 ! und]/&+ ( ,plato1 ! philosophy ( ,em]son1 & ! /yle ( ,montaigne4 ,?is manuscript may be trans=m$ into a book by a pr9t] :o c look beyond 8 cases ( type1 & int]pret :at ,aldus1 & ,j5son1 & ,eti5ne1 & ,plant9 saw1 ) ! arti/ic temp]am5t ( ,william ,morris & ! re/ra9t ( ,cobd5-,s&]son4 ,!re may be a b9d+ t repres5ts ! apo!osis ( ,italian1 ,fr5*1 & ,engli% elegance4 ,a read] may be develop$ ?r\gh ! evolution ( ! ages compet5t to appreciate ! cont5ts & ! physical =mat ( su* a volume1 8= :at we really seek is a comp>ison ( exp]i5ces40 ,until !n ! ,que/ w cont9ue1 go+ con/antly onw>d & upw>d4 ,its lure w keep u f slipp+ back ^u false satisfaction & a placid b--%all ,i say8--a dang]\s contemplation ( ! humani/ic idyll4 ,william ,dana ,orcutt ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,9 ,,que/ ,,( ,,! ,,p]fect ,,book #a ,gut5b]g ,aldus ,manutius ,guido ,biagi ,c]iani ,pope ,pius ,,xi ,sir ,sidney ,colv9 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,books #ce ,eug5e ,field ,john ,wilson ,m>y ,bak] ,eddy ,b]n>d ,%aw ,,iii4 ,,fri5ds ,,?r\gh ,,type #gc ,horace ,flet*] ,h5ry ,james ,william ,james ,!odore ,roosevelt ,t4 ,j4 ,cobd5-,s&]son ,,iv4 ,,! ,,lure ,,( ,,illum9ation #aji ,byzant9e ,psalt] ,l9disf>ne ,gospels ,alcu9 ,bible ,gold5 ,gospels ( ,/4 ,md>d ,psalt] ( ,/4 ,l\is ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt] ,b$=d ,book ( ,h\rs ,grimani ,brevi>y ,antiquities ( ! ,jews ,h\rs ( ,francesco d',antonio ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany ,v4 ,,fri5ds ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,p5 #aea ,maurice ,hewlett ,au/9 ,dobson ,ri*>d ,g>nett ,m>k ,twa9 ,*>les ,eliot ,norton ,william ,dean ,h[ells ,,vi4 ,,triumphs ,,( ,,typography #aia ,! ,beg9n+s4 ,g]many--,! ,gut5b]g ,bible ,supremacy ( ,italy ,nicolas ,j5son3 ,augu/9us3 ,de ,civitate ,dei ,aldus ,manutius3 ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili ,supremacy ( ,france ,rob]t ti5ne3 ,! ,royal ,greeks ,supremacy ( ! ,ne!rl&s ,*ri/ophe ,plant93 ,! ,biblia ,polyglotta ,! ,elzevirs3 ,t]5ce ,supremacy ( ,engl& ,john ,bask]ville3 ,virgil ,supremacy ( ,france 7second7 ,! ,didots3 ,rac9e ,supremacy ( ,engl& 7second7 ,william ,morris3 ,! ,kelmscott ,*auc] ,cobd5-,s&]son3 ,! ,doves ,bible ,,vii4 ,,! ,,spell ( ! ,,laur5ziana #bga ,,index #cja ,,illu/rations ,engli% ,illum9ation1 #ad? ,c5tury4 ,f ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt]1 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,royal ,,ms4 #b;,b vii 79 colors & gold7 ,frontis4 ,john ,gut5b]g4 ,f ,engrav+ by ,alphonse ,descaves4 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is page #f ,aldus ,manutius4 ,f ,engrav+ at ! ,briti% ,museum #aj ,dott4 ,comm4 ,guido ,biagi4 ,seat$ at "o ( ! plutei 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce 7#aijf7 #ad ,h&-writt5 ,humani/ic ,*>act]s4 ,f ,s9ibaldi's ,virgil1 #adhe4 ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce #af ,specim5 ,page ( propos$ ,edition ( ,dante4 ,to be pr9t$ by ,b]ti]i1 ( ,milan1 9 ,humani/ic ,type #ai ,j5son's ,roman ,type4 ,f ,cic]o3 ,rhetorica1 ,v5ice1 #adgj #bb ,em]y ,walk]'s ,doves ,type4 ,f ,p>adise ,rega9$1 ,london1 #aije #bc ,autograph ,lett] f ,*>les ,eliot ,norton #ca ,illum9at$ ,page ( ,petr>*'s ,triumphs4 ,set 9 ,humani/ic ,type design$ by ! ,au?or #cb ,autograph ,page ( ,eug5e ,field ,manuscript4 ,f ,second ,book ( ,v]se1 ,new ,york1 #ahib #ci ,autograph ,v]se 9 ,field's own ,copy ( ,trumpet & ,drum #da ,john ,wilson 9 #ahia4 ,ma/]-,pr9t] #db ,page ( ,horace ,flet*] ,manuscript #gg ,giambatti/a ,bodoni4 ,f ,engrav+ at ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is #gh ,! ,bodoni ,lett] comp>$ ) ! ,didot ,lett] #ha ,horace ,flet*] 9 #aiae #hb ,autograph ,lett] f ,h5ry ,james to ,horace ,flet*] #hg ,mirror ,title4 ,f ,augu/9us3 ,op]a4 #adhe4 ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce #id ,t4 ,j4 ,cobd5-,s&]son4 ,f ,et*+ by ,alphonse ,legros1 #ahic #if ,c>v$ ,ivory ,b9d+1 ,jewel$ ) ,rubies & ,turquoises4 ,f ,psalt] 7#ab? ,c5tury74 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,eg]4 ,,ms4 #aaci #aab ,byzant9e ,illum9ation 7#aa? ,c5tury74 ,psalt] 9 ,greek4 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ,,ms4 #aiceb #aah ,celtic ,illum9ation 7#h? ,c5tury74 ,l9disf>ne ,gospels4 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,cotton ,,ms4 ,n]o ,d4 iv #abd ,c>ol+ian ,h&writ+ 7#i? ,c5tury74 ,alcu9 ,bible4 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ,,ms4 #ajedf #abf ,c>ol+ian ,illum9ation 7#i? ,c5tury74 ,gold5 ,gospels ( ,/4 ,md>d4 ,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #hhej #abh ,go?ic ,illum9ation 7#ac? ,c5tury74 ,m9iature ,page f ! ,psalt] ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #ajebe #acj ,go?ic ,illum9ation 7#ac? ,c5tury74 ,text ,page f ! ,psalt] ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #ajebe #acb ,engli% ,illum9ation 7#ad? ,c5tury74 ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt]4 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,royal ,,ms4 #b;,b4 vii #acd ,fr5* ,illum9ation 7#ae? ,c5tury74 ,b$=d ,book ( ,h\rs4 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ,,ms4 #ahhej #acf ,fr5* ,r5aissance ,illum9ation 7#ae? ,c5tury74 ,antiquities ( ! ,jews4 ,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,franais #bdg #ach ,flemi% ,illum9ation 7#ae? ,c5tury74 ,m9iature ,page f ! ,grimani ,brevi>y4 ,bibl4 ,s4 ,m>co1 ,v5ice #adb ,flemi% ,illum9ation 7#ae? ,c5tury74 ,text ,page f ! ,grimani ,brevi>y4 ,bibl4 ,s4 ,m>co1 ,v5ice #add ,italian ,illum9ation 7#ae? ,c5tury74 ,book ( ,h\rs1 by ,francesco d',antonio4 ,r4 ,lau4 ,bibl4 ,a%b4 #ahgd #adf ,fr5* ,illum9ation 7#af? ,c5tury74 ,m9iature f ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany4 ,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #idgd #adh ,fr5* ,illum9ation 7#af? ,c5tury74 ,text ,page f ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany4 ,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #idgd #aej ,ord] = ,paym5t ( #ajej livres t\rnois to ,jean ,b\rdi*on = ! ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany1 #aejh #aeb ,autograph ,lett] f ,maurice ,hewlett #afa ,autograph ,poem by ,au/9 ,dobson #afg ,m>k ,twa94 ,at ! ,villa di ,qu>to1 ,flor5ce1 #aijd4 ,f a ,snap-%ot #agj ,autograph ,lett] f ,m>k ,twa94 ,) ,snap-%ot ( ,villa di ,qu>to #agb ,autograph ,lett] f ,william ,dean ,h[ells #ahe ,"p ( a ,page f ! ,vellum ,copy ( ! ,gut5b]g ,bible4 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is #aie ,rubricator's ,m>k at end ( ,fir/ ,volume ( a ,defective ,copy ( ! ,gut5b]g ,bible1 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is #aif ,rubricator's ,m>k at end ( ,second ,volume ( a ,defective ,copy ( ! ,gut5b]g ,bible1 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is #aig ,gut5b]g1 ,fu/1 ,co/]1 ,aldus ,manutius1 ,frob54 ,f ,engrav+ by ,jacob ,h\brak5 7#afih-aghj7 #aih ,john ,fu/4 ,f an ,old ,engrav+ #aii ,device & ,explicit ( ,nicolas ,j5son #bjc ,j5son's ,go?ic ,type4 ,f ,augu/9us3 ,de ,civitate ,dei1 ,v5ice1 #adge #bje ,device ( ,aldus ,manutius #bjh ,groli] 9 ! ,pr9t+ ,(fice ( ,aldus4 ,aft] ,pa9t+ by ,franois ,flam5g4 ,?r\gh ,c\rtesy ! ,groli] ,club1 ,new ,york ,city #bjh ,text ,page f ,aldus' ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 ,v5ice1 #adii #baa ,illu/rat$ ,page f ,aldus' ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 ,v5ice1 #adii #bab ,groli] ,b9d+4 ,ca/iglione3 ,cortegiano4 ,ald9e ,press1 #aeah4 ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce #bab ,groli] ,b9d+4 ,capella3 ,l',an?ropologia4 ,ald9e ,press1 #aecc4 ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce #bad ,rob]t ti5ne4 ,f ,engrav+ by ti5ne ,joh&i] ,desro*]s 7c4 #affa-agda7 #bag ,title ,page %[+ ti5ne's ,royal ,greeks1 ,p>is1 #aeej #bbj ,text ,page ,%[+ ti5ne's ,roman ,face #bbb ,text ,page %[+ ti5ne's ,royal ,greeks1 f ,novum ,jesu ,*ri/i ,d4 ,n4 ,te/am5tum1 ,p>is1 #aeej #bbb ,*ri/ophe ,plant94 ,f ,engrav+ by ,edme de ,b\lonois 7c4 #aeej7 #bbe ,title ,page ( ,plant9's ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh #bbh ,page ( ,preface ( ,plant9's ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh #bbi ,text ,pages ( ,plant9's ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh #bcj ,second ,page ( ,plant9's ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh #bcb ,device ( ,*ri/ophe ,plant9 #bcf ,title ,page ( ,elzevir's ,t]5ce1 ,leyd51 #afce #bda ,text ,pages ( ,elzevir's ,t]5ce1 ,leyd51 #afce #bdb ,john ,bask]ville #bdd ,title ,page ( ,bask]ville's ,virgil1 ,birm+ham1 #ageg #bdg ,text ,page ( ,bask]ville's ,virgil1 ,birm+ham1 #ageg #bdi ,engrav+ f ,didot's ,rac9e1 ,p>is1 #ahja4 ,by ,prud'hon #bec ,title ,page ( ,didot's ,rac9e1 ,p>is1 #ahja #bec ,op5+ ,page ( ,didot's ,rac9e1 ,p>is1 #ahja #bee ,text ,page ( ,didot's ,rac9e1 ,p>is1 #ahja #bef ,firm9 ,didot4 ,f ,engrav+ by ,pi]re ,gu/ave ,eugne ,/aal 7#ahag-ahhb7 #bef ,william ,morris4 ,f ,portrait by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,r4 ,a41 9 ! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,pa9t$ 9 #ahhj #beh ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 ,b>t4 ,f a ,photograph at ! ,briti% ,museum #bfj ,text ,page ( ,kelmscott ,*auc]1 #ahif #bfb ,title ,page ( ,doves ,bible1 ,london1 #aije #bfe ,text ,page ( ,doves ,bible1 ,london1 #aije #bfg ,! ,sala ,mi*elangiolo1 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce #bgf ,dott4 ,comm4 ,guido ,biagi1 9 #aibd #bgh ,ve/ibule ( ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce #bhj ,m9iature ,page f ! ,biblia ,amiat9a1 ,r4 ,lau4 ,bibl4 ,cod4 ,amiat9us ,i #bhh ,antonio ,magliabec*i #bic ,libr>y ,slips us$ by ,george ,eliot :ile work+ on ,romola 9 ,magliabec*ian ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce #bif ,i ,,9 ,,que/ ,,( ,,! ,,p]fect ,,book 8,"h is a f9e volume10 a fri5d rem>k$1 h&+ me a copy ( ,! ,ideal ,book1 writt5 & pr9t$ by ,cobd5-,s&]son at ! ,doves ,press4 8,x is10 ,i ass5t$ readily1 turn+ ! leaves1 & enjoy+ ! composite beauty ( ! c>eful typography1 & ! p]fect impression ^u ! s(t1 h&made pap] ) ! satisfaction "o always feels :5 face to face ) a "w ( art4 8,h y read x80 8,:y--no10 he answ]$4 8,i pick$ x up 9 ,london1 & !y told me x 0 a r>e volume4 ,y don't necess>ily read r>e books1 d y80 ,my fri5d is a cultivat$ man1 & 8 attitude t[>d 8 late/ acquisition irritat$ me2 yet aft] ?irty ye>s ( simil> disappo9tm5ts ,i %\ld n h be5 surpris$4 ,h[ few1 ev5 among ^? int]e/$ 9 books1 recognize ! f9e1 arti/ic t\*es t con/itute ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! commonplace & ! di/+ui%$6 ,! volume "u discussion 0 writt5 by an au?ority =emo/ 9 ! art ( bookmak+2 its produc] 0 "o ( ! few great ma/]-pr9t]s & b9d]s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w2 yet ! only significance x possess$ to its own] 0 ! fact t "s "o 9 :om he _h confid5ce _h told him x 0 r>e6 ,be+ r>e1 he covet$ ! treasure1 & acquir$ x ) no great] und]/&+ ?an if x _h be5 a piece ( ,*9ese jade4 8,:at makes y ?9k ?is is a f9e book80 ,i inquir$1 delib]ately *ang+ ! approa*4 ,he laugh$ consci\sly4 8,x co/ me n9e gu9eas--& ,i l ! looks ( x40 ,re/ra9t 0 requir$ n to say some?+ t might h affect$ our fri5d%ip unpleasantly1 & fri5d%ip is a preci\s ?+4 8,d some?+ = me10 ,i ask$ quietly4 8,t is a %ort book4 ,read x ?r\gh1 ev5 ?\gh x is r>e1 & !n let u cont9ue ?is conv]sation we h j begun40 ,a few days lat] he invit$ me to d9e ) him at 8 club4 8,i ask$ y "h10 he said1 8because ,i don't want any "o1 ev5 my family1 to he> :at ,i am go+ to admit to y4 ,i h read t book1 & ,i'd r n "k :at y ?\ght ( my consummate ignorance ( :at really ent]s into ! build+ ( a well-made volume--! *oice ( type1 ! use ( decoration1 ! arrangem5t ( m>g9s4 ,:y1 bookmak+ is an art6 ,p]haps ,i %\ld h kn[n t1 b ,i nev] /opp$ to ?9k ab\t x40 ,"o does h to /op & ?9k ab\t a well-made book 9 ord] to compreh5d ! diff]5ce betwe5 pr9t+ t is m]ely pr9t+ & t :i* is bas$ ^u art 9 its broade/ s5se & ^u c5turies ( prec$5t4 ,x does require m ?an a gleam ( intellig5ce to grasp ! idea t ! basis ( e volume ought to be ! ?\ght express$ by ! writ]2 t ! type1 ! illu/rations1 ! decorations1 ! pap]1 ! b9d+1 simply comb9e to =m ! vehicle to convey t expression to ! read]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ?is fact is once absorb$1 "o _c fail to und]/& t if ^! v>i\s p>ts1 :i* compositely comprise ! :ole1 fail to h>monize ) ! subject & ) ea* o!r1 !n ! vehicle does n p]=m its full & prop] function4 ,i wond]$ aft]w>d if ,i _h n be5 a bit too sup]ior 9 my attitude t[>d my fri5d4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 pr9t+ z an art has return$ to its own only )9 ! la/ qu>t]-c5tury4 ,look+ back to #ahia1 :5 ,i began to s]ve my appr5tice%ip "u ,john ,wilson at ! old ,univ]sity ,press 9 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 ! broadness ( ! pr(ession t ,i 0 adopt+ z my life's "w _h n z yet unfold$ its unlimit$ possibilities4 ,at t "t ! ?ree great ,am]ican pr9t]s 7 ,john ,wilson1 ,!odore ,l4 ,de ,v9ne1 & ,h5ry ,o4 ,h\ghton4 ,! volumes produc$ "u _! sup]vision 7 p]fect examples ( ! be/ bookmak+ ( ! p]iod1 yet no "o ( ^! ?ree m5 look$ ^u pr9t+ z an art4 ,x 0 ,william ,morris :o 9 mod]n times fir/ jo9$ ^! two words toge!r by ! publication ( 8 magnific5t ,kelmscott volumes4 ,su* type1 su* decorations1 su* presswork1 su* %e]1 composite beauty6 ,?is 0 9 #ahie4 ,morris1 9 "o leap1 became ! mo/ fam\s pr9t] 9 ! _w4 ,e "o tri$ to produce simil> volumes1 & ! result+ productions1 made )\t appreciat+ ! significance ( decoration comb9$ ) type1 7 ab\t z bad z !y c\ld be4 ,i d\bt if1 at ! pres5t mom5t1 !re exi/s a s+le "o ( ^! %am ,kelmscotts made 9 ,am]ica t ! pr9t] or ! publi%] c>es to h recall$ to him4 ,:5 ! fir/ flair ( ,morris' popul>ity pass$ away1 & 8 volumes 7 judg$ on ! basis ( real bookmak+1 !y 7 classifi$ z m>vel\sly beautiful objets d'art r ?an books--composites ( ,burne-,jones1 ! design]1 & ,william ,morris1 ! decorator-pr9t]1 co-work]s 9 si/] arts2 b f ! v beg9n+ ,morris' innovations %[$ ! _w t pr9t+ /ill belong$ among ! f9e arts4 ,! ,kelmscott books awoke 9 me an ov]:elm+ desire to put myself into ! volumes ,i produc$4 ,i realiz$ t no man c give ( himself beyond :at he possesses1 & t to make my ambition wor? accompli%+ ,i mu/ absorb & make a "p ( myself ! beauty ( ! anci5t manuscripts & ! e>ly pr9t$ books4 ,?is l$ me to take up an exhau/ive /udy ( ! hi/ory ( pr9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,gut5b]g1 c4 #adjj-adfh ,f ,engrav+ by ,alphonse ,descaves ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is ,until !n ,gut5b]g's "n1 9 my m9d1 _h be5 prem95t4 ,z ,i proce$$1 h[ev]1 ,i came to "k t he 0 n really ! 8inv5tor0 ( pr9t+1 z ,i _h always ?\ght him to be2 t he 0 ! "o :o fir/ =esaw ! wond]ful p[] ( movable types z a mat]ial expression ( ! ?\ght ( man1 r ?an ! creator ( any?+ previ\sly unkn[n4 ,i discov]$ t ! ,greeks & ! ,romans _h pr9t$ f /amps c5turies e>li]1 & t ! ,*9ese & ! ,koreans _h cut individual *>act]s 9 metal4 ,i well rememb] ! ?rill ,i exp]i5c$ :5 ,i fir/ realiz$--& at ! "t ?\ght my discov]y 0 orig9al6--t1 _h ! ,*9ese or ! ,s>ac5s possess$ ,gut5b]g's wit to jo9 ^! lett]s toge!r into words1 ! art ( pr9t+ mu/ h f\nd its way to ,con/ant9ople1 :i* w\ld h ?us become ! c5t] ( culture & le>n+ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ?is po9t on1 my que/ seem$ a "p ( an ,arabian ,nights' tale4 ,cauti\sly op5+ a door1 ,i w\ld f9d myself 9 a room conta9+ treasures ( absorb+ int]e/4 ,f ?is room !re 7 doors lead+ 9 diff]5t directions into o!r rooms ev5 m ri*ly fill$2 & ?us onw>d1 ) seem+ly no end1 to ! fasc9at+ rew>ds t came ?r\gh ef=t & p]sev]ance4 ,g]many1 al?\gh x _h produc$ ,gut5b]g1 0 n suffici5tly develop$ z a nation to make 8 "w complete4 ,! op5 door l$ me away f ,g]many into ,italy1 :]e lit]>y zeal 0 at its height4 ,! life & cu/oms ( ! ,italian p ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 spread out be=e me4 ,9 my imag9ation ,i c\ld see ! velvet-g[n$ ag5ts ( ! weal?y patrons ( ! arts se>*+ out old manuscripts & giv+ commissions to ! scribes to prep>e h&-lett]$ copies = _! ma/]s' libr>ies4 ,i c\ld m+le ) ! masses & discov] h[ eag] !y 7 to le>n ! tru? 9 ! matt] ( religion1 & ! cause & ! rem$ies ( moral & mat]ial evils by :i* !y felt !mselves oppress$4 ,i c\ld %>e ) !m _! expectant en?usiasm & confid5ce t ! adv5t ( ! pr9t+ press w\ld af=d opportunity to /udy description & argum5t :]e previ\sly !y _h m]ely gaz$ at pictorial design4 ,i c\ld s5se ! desire ( ! p = books1 n to place 9 cab9ets1 b to read 9 ord] to "k2 & ,i c\ld und]/& :y workm5 :o _h s]v$ appr5tice%ips 9 ,g]many s quickly s\ght out ,italy1 ! c\ntry :]e pr9ces w\ld naturally become patrons ( ! new art1 :]e manuscripts 7 ready = copy1 & :]e a public exi/$ eag] to pur*ase _! products4 ,:ile /riv+ to s5se ! significance ( ! conflict+ elem5ts ,i felt ar\nd me1 ,i f\nd mu* ( int]e/ 9 wat*+ ! scribes fulfill+ _! commissions to prep>e copies ( orig9al manuscripts1 becom+ famili> = ! fir/ "t ) ! primitive me?ods ( book manufacture & di/ribution4 ,a mona/]y possess$ an orig9al manuscript ( value4 ,9 its scriptorium 7! writ+ (fice7 "o might f9d p]haps tw5ty or ?irty monks seat$ at desks1 ea* ) a %eet ( p>*m5t spread out be=e him1 ^u :i* he inscrib$ ! words t came to him 9 ! dron+1 s+song voice ( ! read] select$ = ! duty because ( 8 famili>ity ) ! subject matt] ( ! volume4 ,! numb] ( desks ! scriptorium c\ld accommodate det]m9$ ! size ( ?is e>ly 8edition40 ,:5 ^! copies 7 complet$1 ex*anges 7 made ) o!r mona/]ies t possess$ o!r orig9al manuscripts1 ( :i* copies _h be5 made 9 a simil> mann]4 ,i 0 ev5 m int]e/$ 9 ! "w ( ! secul> scribes1 usually execut$ at _! homes1 = x 0 to ^! m5 t ! commissions 7 giv5 = ! beautiful humani/ic volumes4 ,z !y _h tak5 up ! art ( h& lett]+ f *oice or natural aptitude in/ead ( z a "p ( mona/ic r\t9e1 !y 7 great] arti/s & produc$ volumes ( surpass+ beauty4 ,a /ill great] int]e/ 9 /udy+ ?is art ( h& lett]+ lay 9 ! k t x soon mu/ become a lo/ art1 = no "o c\ld d\bt t ! pr9t+ press _h come to /ay4 ,!n1 turn+ to ! (fice ( ,aldus1 ,i pause = a mom5t to read ! leg5d plac$ conspicu\sly ov] ! door3 ,:oev] ?\ art1 ?\ art e>ne/ly reque/$ by ,aldus to /ate ?y bus9ess briefly & to take ?y dep>ture promptly4 ,9 ?is way ?\ maye/ be ( s]vice ev5 z 0 ,h]cules to ! we>y ,atlas1 = ?is is a place ( "w = all :o may ent] ,illu/ration3 ,,aldus ,,manutius1 #adej-aeae ,f ,engrav+ at ! ,briti% ,museum ,b inside ! pr9t+ (fice ,i f9d ,aldus & 8 associates talk+ ( o!r ?+s ?an ! books 9 process ( manufacture4 ,!y are discuss+ ! sudd5 *ange ( attitude on ! "p ( ! weal?y patrons ( ! arts :o1 aft] welcom+ ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 soon became al>m$ by ! en?usiasm ( ! p1 & promptly rev]s$ _! position4 ,no wond] t ,aldus %\ld be conc]n$ z to ! outcome6 ,! patrons ( ! arts repres5t$ ! culture & weal? & political p[] ( ,italy1 & !y n[ discov]$ 9 ! new inv5tion an actual m5ace4 ,to !m ! magnific5t illum9at$ volumes ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 n m]ely examples ( decoration1 b !y repres5t$ ! tribute t ?is cultur$ class paid to ! ?\ght convey$1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! writt5 page1 f ! au?or to ! _w4 ,?is jewel ( ?\ght !y consid]$ m valuable ?an any co/ly gem4 ,!y p]petuat$ x by hav+ x writt5 out on p>*m5t by ! mo/ accompli%$ scribes2 !y enri*$ x by illum9at$ embelli%m5ts execut$ by ! mo/ fam\s arti/s2 !y protect$ x ) b9d+s 9 :i* !y actually inlaid gold & silv] & jewels4 ,to h ?is ?\ght *eap5$ by reproduction ?r\gh ! commonplace m$ium ( me*anical pr9t+ w\nd$ _! /hetic s5se4 ,x 0 an expression ( real love ( ! book t prompt$ ,bi/icci1 ! ag5t ( s p[]ful a patron z ! ,duke ( ,urb9o1 to write ( ! ,duke's spl5did collection 9 ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury3 ,9 t libr>y ! books are all beautiful 9 a sup]lative degree1 & all writt5 by ! p54 ,!re is n a s+le "o ( !m pr9t$1 = x w\ld h be5 a %ame to h "o ( t sort4 ,aldus is n al>m$ by ! solicitude ( ! patrons = ! beauty ( ! book4 ,he has always kn[n t 9 ord] to exi/ at all ! pr9t$ book mu/ compete ) ! writt5 volume2 & he has demon/rat$ t1 by supply+ to ! accompli%$ illum9ators %eets c>efully pr9t$ on p>*m5t1 he c produce volumes ( exquisite beauty1 ( :i* no collector ne$ be a%am$4 ,aldus kn[s t !re are o!r reasons beh9d ! *ange ( front on ! "p ( ! patrons4 ,libr>ies made up ( priceless manuscript volumes are symbols ( weal?1 & ?r\gh weal? comes p[]4 ,) ! multiplication ( pr9t$ books ?is pre/ige w be less5$1 z ! masses w be enabl$ to possess ! same gems ( ?\ght 9 less extravagant & exp5sive =m4 ,if1 moreov]1 ! p are enabl$ to read1 criticism1 ! sole prop]ty ( ! s*ol>s1 w come into _! h&s1 & :5 !y once le>n self-reliance f _! new intellectual developm5t !y are c]ta9 to attack dogma & political oppression1 ev5 at ! risk ( m>tyrdom4 ,! pr9ces & patrons ( ,italy are intellig5t en\gh to "k t _! self-c5t]$ political p[] is doom$ if ! new art ( pr9t+ secures a firm foo?old4 ,:at a relief to su* a man z ,aldus :5 x became fully demon/rat$ t ! desire on ! "p ( ! p to secure books 9 ord] to le>n 0 too great to be ov]come by (ficial m&ate or insidi\s propag&a6 ,) :at sil5t satisfaction did he settle back to cont9ue 8 spl5did "w6 ,! patrons1 9 ord] to %[ :at a poor ?+ ! pr9t$ book really 01 gave ord]s to ! scribes & ! illum9ators to prep>e volumes = !m 9 su* quantities t ! art ( h& lett]+ receiv$ a p[]ful impetus1 z a result ( :i* ! h& lett]s !mselves atta9$ _! highe/ po9t ( p]fection4 ,?is f9al /ruggle on ! "p ( ! weal?y ov]lords result$ only 9 r$\bl+ ! ef=ts ( ! arti/ ma/]-pr9t]s to mat* ! beauty ( ! writt5 volumes ) ! products f _! presses4 ,^! ,arabian ,nights' exp]i5ces occupi$ me f #ahie1 :5 ,morris demon/rat$ ! unlimit$ possibilities ( pr9t+ z an art1 until #aija1 :5 ,i fir/ visit$ ,italy & gave myself an opportunity to become p]sonally acqua9t$ ) ! hi/orical l&m>ks ( pr9t+1 :i* previ\sly ,i _h kn[n only f /udy4 ,9 ,flor5ce x 0 my great good =tune to become intimately acqua9t$ ) ! late ,doctor ,guido ,biagi1 at t "t libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana & ! ,ricc>di libr>ies1 & ! cu/odian ( ! ,m$ici1 ! ,mi*elangelo1 & ! da ,v9ci ar*ives4 ,i l to ?9k ( him z ,i fir/ saw him !n1 sitt+ on a b5* 9 front ( "o ( ! c>v$ plutei design$ by ,mi*elangelo1 9 ! wond]ful ,sala di ,mi*elangiolo 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 /udy+ a beautifully illum9at$ volume re/+ be=e him1 :i* 0 fa/5$ to ! desk by "o ( ! fam\s old *a9s4 ,he greet$ me ) an old-s*ool c\rtesy4 ,:5 he discov]$ my g5u9e int]e/ 9 ! books he lov$1 & realiz$ t ,i came z a /ud5t eag] to li/5 to ! ma/]'s ^w1 8 face light$ up & we 7 at once fri5ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,dott4 ,comm4 ,,guido ,,biagi ,seat$ at "o ( ! plutei 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce 7#aijf7 ,9 ! qu>t] ( a c5tury :i* pass$ f ?is meet+ until 8 dea? we 7 fell[-/ud5ts1 & dur+ t p]iod ,i nev] succe$$ 9 exhau/+ ! va/ /ore ( k he possess$1 ev5 ?\gh he gave ( x ) ! free/ g5]osity4 ,f him ,i le>n$ = ! fir/ "t ( ! f>-rea*+ influ5ce ( ! humani/ic movem5t ^u ev]y?+ t _h to d ) ! litt] humaniores1 & ?is new k enabl$ me to cry/allize mu* t previ\sly _h be5 fugitive4 8,! humani/10 ,doctor ,biagi expla9$ to me1 8:e!r anci5t or mod]n1 is "o :o holds himself op5 to receive ,tru?1 unprejudic$ z to its s\rce1 &--:at is m important--aft] hav+ receiv$ ,tru? realizes 8 obligation to ! _w to give x out aga91 made ri*] by 8 p]sonal int]pretation40 ,?is humani/ic movem5t 0 ! =]unn] & ! ess5ce ( ! ,r5aissance1 be+ 9 reality a revolt aga9/ ! b>r5ness ( m$ivalism4 ,until !n ignorance1 sup]/ition1 & tradition _h conf9$ intellectual life on all sides1 b ! little b& ( humani/s1 head$ by ,petr>*1 put =? a claim = ! m5tal fre$om ( man & = ! full developm5t ( 8 be+4 ,z a "p ( ?is claim !y dem&$ ! recognition ( ! ri* humanities ( ,greece & ,rome1 :i* 7 proscrib$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,if ?is claim _h be5 po/pon$ ano!r fifty ye>s1 ! actual manuscripts ( _m ( ! pres5t /&>d classics w\ld h be5 lo/ to ! _w4 ,! significance ( ! humani/ic movem5t 9 its be>+ ^u ! ,que/ ( ! ,p]fect ,book is t ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ fitt$ exactly into ! ,petr>*ian s*eme by mak+ x possible = ! p to secure volumes t previ\sly1 9 _! manuscript =m1 c\ld be own$ only by ! weal?y patrons4 ,?is 0 ! po9t at :i* ,doctor ,biagi's revelation & my previ\s /udy met4 ,! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y conta9s m copies ( ! s-call$ humani/ic manuscripts1 produc$ 9 response to ! f9al ef=ts on ! "p ( patrons to ?w>t ! increas+ popul>ity ( ! new art ( pr9t+1 ?an any o!r s+le libr>y4 ,doctor ,biagi pr\dly %[$ me "s ( ^! treasures1 notably ,antonio ,s9ibaldi's ,virgil4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! h& lett]+ 9 ^! volumes & ! be/ ,i _h ev] se5 be=e 0 />tl+4 ,"h 0 a h& lett]1 develop$ "u ! mo/ romantic & dramatic conditions1 :i* repres5t$ ! apo!osis ( ! art4 ,! ?\ght fla%$ ?r\gh my m9d t all ! types 9 exi/5ce up to ?is po9t _h be5 bas$ ^u previ\s h& lett]+ less beautiful & n s p]fect 9 execution4 8,:y is x10 ,i dem&$ excit$ly1 8t no type has ev] be5 design$ bas$ ^u ?is h& lett]+ at its highe/ po9t ( p]fection80 ,illu/ration3 ,,h&-,,writt5 ,,humani/ic ,,*>act]s ,f ,s9ibaldi's ,virgil1 #adhe ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce 7#ab #h in*es7 ,doctor ,biagi look$ at me & %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s4 8,?is1 my fri5d10 he answ]$1 smil+1 8is y\r opportunity40 ,at ?is po9t began "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ & absorb+ adv5tures 9 :i* any "o int]e/$ 9 books c\ld possibly engage4 ,at "s "t1 ,i suppose1 9 ! life ( e typograph] comes ! ambition to design a special type1 s x 0 natural t ! idea conta9$ 9 ,doctor ,biagi's rem>k %\ld sugge/ possibilities :i* fill$ me ) en?usiasm4 ,i 0 famili> ) ! hi/ory ( ! be/ special faces1 & _h le>n$ h[ difficult ea* ambiti\s design] _h f\nd ! task ( translat+ draw+s into s rigid a m$ium z metal2 s ,i rev]t$ sob]ly & ) deep respect to ! subject ( type design f ! beg9n+4 ,9 /udy+ ! e>ly fonts ( type1 ,i f\nd !m exact c\nt]feits ( ! be/ exi/+ =ms ( h& lett]+ at t "t employ$ by ! scribes4 ,! fir/ ,italic font cut by ,aldus1 = in/ance1 is said to be bas$ ^u ! ?91 incl9$ h&writ+ ( ,petr>*4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ^! slavi% copies ( h&-lett]$ models & ! me*anical precision ( *>act]s turn$ out by mod]n type f\nd]s made a deep impression4 ,( ! two ,i pref]r$ ! fre$om ( ! e>lie/ types1 b appreciat$ h[ ill adapt$ ^! models 7 to ! requirem5ts ( typography4 ,a h&-lett]$ page1 ev5 ) ! inevitable irregul>ities1 is pleas+ because ! scribe makes a slight v>iation 9 =m+ ! v>i\s *>act]s4 ,:51 h[ev]1 an imp]fect lett] is cut 9 metal1 & repeat$ _m times ^u ! same page1 ! irregul>ity =ces itself unpleasantly ^u ! eye4 ,nicolas ,j5son 0 ! fir/ to realize ?is1 & 9 8 fam\s ,roman type he made an exact int]pretation ( :at ! scribe int5d$ to accompli% 9 ea* ( ! lett]s1 in/ead ( copy+ any s+le h& lett]1 or mak+ a composite ( _m h& designs ( ! same "*4 ,= ?is reason ! ,j5son type has n only s]v$ z ! basis ( ! be/ /&>d ,roman fonts d[n to ! pres5t "t1 b has also prov$ ! inspiration = lat] designs ( di/9ctive type faces1 su* z ,william ,morris' ,gold5 type1 & ,em]y ,walk]'s ,doves type4 ,illu/ration3 ,specim5 ,page ( propos$ ,edition ( ,dante4 ,to be pr9t$ by ,b]ti]i1 ( ,milan1 9 ,humani/ic ,type 7#h #f7 ,william ,morris' exp]i5ce is an excell5t illu/ration ( ! difficulties a design] exp]i5ces4 ,he has left a record ( h[ he /udi$ ! ,j5son type ) great c>e1 enl>g+ x by photography1 & r$raw+ x ov] & ov] aga9 be=e he began design+ 8 own lett]4 ,:5 he actually produc$ 8 ,gold5 type ! design 0 f> too mu* incl9$ to ! ,go?ic to resemble ! model he select$4 ,8 ,troy & ,*auc] types t foll[$ %[$ ! /rong effect ( ! ,g]man influ5ce t ! types ( ,s*oeff]1 ,m5tel91 & ,gun!r ,za9] made ^u him4 ,! ,doves type is bas$ flatly ^u ! ,j5son model2 yet x is an absolutely orig9al face1 reta9+ all ! *>m ( ! model1 to :i* is add$ ! arti/ic g5ius ( ! design]4 ,ea* receives its p]sonality f ! und]/&+ & int]pretation ( ! creator 7pages #bb1 #bc74 ,illu/ration3 ,j5son's ,roman ,type4 ,f ,cic]o3 ,rhetorica1 ,v5ice1 #adgj 7,exact size7 ,illu/ration3 ,em]y ,walk]'s ,doves ,type4 ,f ,p>adise ,rega9$1 ,london1 #aije 7,exact size7 ,f ?is ,i came to realize t x is no m necess>y = a type design] to express 8 individuality by add+ or subtract+ f 8 model ?an = a portrait pa9t] to *ange ! features ( 8 subject because "s o!r arti/ has previ\sly pa9t$ x4 ,wordswor? once said t ! true portrait ( a man %[s him1 n z he looks at any "o mom5t ( 8 life1 b z he really looks all ! "t4 ,?is is equally true ( a h& lett]1 & expla9s ! va/ diff]5ces 9 ! cut ( ! same type face by v>i\s f\ndries & = ! typesett+ ma*9es4 ,all ?is conv9c$ me t1 if ,i 7 to make ! humani/ic lett]s ! model = my new type1 ,i mu/ foll[ ! example ( ,em]y ,walk] r ?an t ( ,william ,morris4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dur+ ! days sp5t 9 ! small1 cell-l alcove :i* _h be5 turn$ ov] = my use 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,i came s :olly "u ! influ5ce ( ! peculi> atmosph]e ( antiquity t ,i felt myself "u an obsession ( :i* ,i h n be5 consci\s be=e or s9ce4 ,my en?usiasm 0 abnormal1 my ef=ts tireless4 ,! _w outside seem$ v f> away1 ! pa/ seem$ v ne>1 & ,i 0 indiff]5t to ev]y?+ except ! task be=e me4 ,?is curi\s exp]i5ce 0 p]haps an explanation ( h[ ! monks _h be5 able to apply !mselves s unceas+ly to _! prodigi\s labors1 :i* seem beyond ! b\nds ( human endurance4 ,my "w at fir/ 0 conf9$ to a /udy ( ! humani/ic volumes 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 & ! selection ( ! be/ examples to be tak5 z f9al models = ! v>i\s lett]s4 ,f photograph$ reproductions ( select$ manuscript pages1 ,i took out fifty examples ( ea* lett]4 ,( ^! fifty1 p]haps a half-doz5 w\ld be almo/ id5tical1 & f ^! ,i le>n$ ! exact design ! scribe endeavor$ to repeat4 ,i also decid$ to introduce ! innovation ( hav+ sev]al *>act]s = c]ta9 lett]s t repeat$ mo/ frequ5tly1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! individuality ( ! h& lett]+1 & /ill keep my design )9 ! rigid limitations ( type4 ,( ! lett] e1 = in/ance1 eight diff]5t designs 7 f9ally select$2 !re 7 five a's1 two m's1 & s on 7see illu/ration at page #cb74 ,aft] becom+ famili> ) ! individual lett]s z %[n 9 ! ,laur5ziana humani/ic volumes1 ,i w5t on to ,milan & ! ,ambrosiana ,libr>y1 ) a lett] f ,doctor ,biagi address$ to ! libr>ian1 ,monsignor ,c]iani1 expla9+ ! "w ^u :i* ,i 0 engag$1 & seek+ 8 co-op]ation4 ,x w\ld be impossible to e/imate ,c]iani's age at t "t1 b he 0 v old4 ,he 0 above middle height1 8 frame 0 slight1 8 eyes p5etrat+ & burn+ ) a fire t %[$ at a glance h[ affect$ he 0 by ! influ5ce to :i* ,i h already ref]r$4 ,8 sk9 resembl$ 9 color & texture ! v p>*m5t ( ! volumes he h&l$ ) su* affection1 & 9 8 religi\s habit he seem$ ! embodim5t ( anci5t le>n+4 ,aft] express+ 8 deep int]e/ 9 my und]tak+1 he turn$ to a publication ^u :i* he himself 0 engag$1 ! reproduction 9 facsimile ( ! e>lie/ kn[n manuscript ( ,hom]'s ,iliad4 ,! actual "w on ?is1 he expla9$1 0 be+ c>ri$ on by 8 assi/ant1 a y\ng] prie/ :om he desir$ to h me meet4 ,8 own contribution to ! "w 0 an introduction1 ^u :i* he 0 !n engag$1 & :i*1 he said1 0 to be 8 swan song1 ! f9al message f 8 s\l to ! _w4 8,?is1 ,i suppose1 is to be 9 ,italian80 ,i inquir$4 ,he look$ at me reproa*fully4 8,no1 my son10 he answ]$1 ) deep impressiv5ess2 8,i am writ+ my introduction 9 ,lat91 :i*1 ?\gh call$ a dead language1 w be liv+ long aft] ! pres5t liv+ languages are dead40 ,c]iani plac$ at my disposal ! humani/ic volumes 9 ! ,ambrosiana1 & introduc$ me to 8 assi/ant1 ^: co-op]ation 0 ( ! utmo/ value 9 my "w4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck by ! p]sonality ( ?is y\ng] prie/4 ,he 0 9 close t\* ) affairs outside ! ,*ur*1 & ask$ se>*+ que/ions reg>d+ conditions 9 ,am]ica4 ,he spoke sev]al languages ) ! same facility ) :i* he spoke 8 own ,italian4 ,8 k ( books & ( bookmak+1 pa/ & pres5t1 surpris$ me4 ,all 9 all1 ,i f\nd him "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ m5 ,i h ev] met4 ,8 "n 0 ,a*ille ,ratti1 & :5 he became ,bi%op ( ,milan 9 #aiba1 & 0 elevat$ to ! ,college ( ,c>d9als two mon?s lat]1 ,i realiz$ h[ f> t wond]ful p]sonality 0 tak+ him4 ,"o c\ld sc>cely h =ese51 h[ev]1 t 9 less ?an a ye> f ?is "t he w\ld become ,pope ,pius ,,xi4 ,:51 aft] my draw+s 7 complet$1 ,i return$ to ,am]ica1 ,i took up ! matt] ( ! type design ) ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 my old art pr(essor at ,h>v>d1 !n em]itus4 ,pr(essor ,norton 0 g5u9ely int]e/$ 9 ! :ole und]tak+1 & z ! pro(s ( ! v>i\s pun*es lat] came into my h&s he became m & m en?usia/ic4 ,i _h arrang$ to use ?is type 9 a s]ies ( volumes to be publi%$ 9 ,london by ,john ,murray1 & 9 ,am]ica by ,little1 ,br[n & ,company4 ,an important "q arose z to :at %\ld be ! fir/ title1 & aft] c>eful consid]ation ,i decid$ t z ,petr>* 0 ! fa!r ( humanism 8 ,trionfi w\ld obvi\sly be an ideal selection4 ,! volume 0 to be pr9t$ 9 ,engli% r ?an 9 ! orig9al ,italian1 & ,i settl$ ^u ,h5ry ,boyd's translation z ! mo/ di/+ui%$4 ,^u inve/igation x develop$ t ! orig9al edition ( ?is book 0 long out ( pr9t & copies 7 exce$+ly r>e4 ,! only "o ,i c\ld locate 0 9 ! ,petr>* collection ( ! late ,will>d ,fiske4 ,i ent]$ into correspond5ce ) him1 & he invit$ me to be 8 gue/ at 8 villa 9 ,flor5ce4 ,) ! type complet$1 & ) pro(s 9 my possession1 ,i und]took my second humani/ic ,odyssey1 mak+ ,flor5ce my fir/ objective4 ,pr(essor ,fiske welcom$ me cordially1 & 9 him ,i f\nd a mo/ sympa!tic p]sonality1 eag] to contribute 9 e way to ! success ( ! und]tak+4 ,he plac$ ! volume ( ,boyd's translation 9 my h&s1 & ask$ t ,i take x ) me = use until my edition 0 complet$4 8,?is book is unique1 & s preci\s t y c]ta9ly c\ld n p]mit x to g out ( y\r possession10 ,i prote/$4 ,8 answ] 0 *>act]i/ic4 8,y\r love ( books10 he said1 8is su* t ?is volume is z safe 9 y\r h&s z x is 9 m9e4 ,take x f me1 & return x :5 x has s]v$ its purpose40 ,!n came ! matt] ( illu/rations4 ,9 ,london ,i _h a conf]5ce ) ,sir ,sidney ,colv91 !n ,keep] ( ,pr9ts & ,draw+s at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,colv9 _h be5 made famili> ) ! und]tak+ by ,john ,murray1 :o _h %[n him & ,alfr$ ,w4 ,poll>d "s ( ! e>lie/ pro(s ( ! pun*es t ,i _h s5t to ,engl&4 ,aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( ^!1 bo? m5 sugge/$ to ,mr4 ,murray t 8 ,am]ican fri5d 0 play+ a joke ^u him1 decl>+ t ! pro(s 7 h&-lett]$ & n tak5 f metal orig9als6 8,!re is a fate ab\t ?is10 ,colv9 said1 aft] ,i _h expla9$ my mission4 8,we h "h 9 ! ,museum six orig9al draw+s ( ,petr>*'s ,triumphs1 attribut$ by "s to ,fra ,filippo ,lippi & c]ta9ly belong+ to 8 s*ool1 :i* h nev] be5 reproduc$4 ,!y are exactly ! "r size = ! =mat :i* y h det]m9$ ^u1 & if y c h ! reproductions made "h at ! ,museum ! draw+s are at y\r disposal40 ,i made arrangem5ts ) ,em]y ,walk]1 ! design] ( ! ,doves type & ju/ly fam\s z an engrav]1 to et* ^! plates on /eel1 & ! reproductions ( ! orig9als 7 extraord9>ily exact4 ,^? ,walk] made = ! p>*m5t edition look$ z if drawn on ivory4 ,p>*m5t 0 requir$ = ! specially illum9at$ copies :i* 7 to =m a feature ( ! edition1 & be=e leav+ ,am]ica ,i _h be5 told t ! ,roman grade 0 ! be/4 ,i naturally assum$ t ,i %\ld f9d ?is 9 ,rome1 b my rese>* develop$ ! fact t ,roman p>*m5t is prep>$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,foll[+ ?is lead1 ,i exam9$ ! sk9s sold by ,flor5t9e deal]s1 b ,doctor ,biagi assur$ me t ! be/ grade 0 n ,roman b ,flor5t9e1 & t ,flor5t9e p>*m5t is produc$ 9 ,iss\dun1 ,france4 ,x seem$ a f> cry to seek out ,italian sk9s 9 ,france1 b to ,iss\dun ,i w5t4 ,9 ! meantime ,i le>n$ t !re 0 a /ill bett] grade prep>$ 9 ,br5t=d1 ,engl&--?is1 9 fact1 be+ :]e ,william ,morris procur$ ! p>*m5t = 8 ,kelmscott publications4 ,at ,br5t=d ,i secur$ my sk9s2 & "h ,i le>n$ some?+ t int]e/$ me exce$+ly4 ,ow+ to ! oil :i* rema9s 9 ! p>*m5t aft] x has be5 prep>$ = use1 ! difficulty 9 pr9t+ is almo/ z great z if on glass4 ,to obviate ?is1 ! conc]n at ,br5t=d1 9 prep>+ p>*m5t = ! ,kelmscott volumes1 fill$ 9 ! pores ( ! sk9s ) *alk1 produc+ an artificial surface4 ,! process ( "t mu/ op]ate adv]sely ^u ?is extrane\s sub/ance1 & ! "q naturally arises z to :e!r ev5tually1 9 ! ,kelmscott p>*m5t volumes1 ! *alk surface w flake (f 9 spots1 produc+ blemi%es :i* c nev] be repair$4 ,= my own purposes ,i pur*as$ ! sk9s )\t ! artificial surface1 & ov]came ! difficulty 9 pr9t+ by a treatm5t ( ! ink :i*1 aft] mu* exp]im5t1 enabl$ me to secure z f9e results ^u ! p>*m5t z if pr9t+ ^u h&made pap]4 ,! volumes 7 to be pr9t$ 9 ! two humani/ic colors1 black & blue4 ,9 ! orig9al manuscript volumes ?is blue is a mo/ unusual %ade1 ! h& lett]] hav+ prep>$ 8 own ink by gr9d+ lapis lazuli1 9 :i* !re is no r$4 ,by artificial light ! l9es writt5 9 blue c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! black4 ,to reproduce ! same effect 9 ! pr9t$ volume ,i secur$ 9 ,flor5ce a limit$ quantity ( lapis lazuli1 & by special arrangem5t ) ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t _h x cru%$ into p[d] at ! ,royal m9t4 ,?is p[d] ,i took home to ,am]ica1 & arrang$ ) a lead+ manufactur] to produce :at ,i believe to be ! fir/ pr9t+ ink mix$ exactly z ! scribes ( ! fifte5? c5tury us$ to prep>e _! pigm5ts4 ,! mon?s requir$ to produce ! ,triumphs repres5t$ a p]iod alt]nat+ 9 anxiety & satisfaction4 ,! greate/ difficulty came 9 press+ ^u ! typesett] ! fact t ! v>i\s *>act]s ( ^! lett]s c\ld n be us$ ) ma!matical precision1 b t ! *ange %\ld come only :5 he felt 8 h& w\ld naturally alt] ! design if he 7 writ+ ! l9e in/ead ( sett+ ! type4 ,! exp]im5ts requir$ to p]fect an ink t %\ld successfully pr9t on ! oily p>*m5t 7 n complet$ )\t disappo9tm5ts & misgiv+s2 ! scrupul\s c>e requir$ 9 read+ pro(s & p]fect+ ! spac+1 0 labori\s & monoton\s2 ! scrut9iz+ ( ! %eets z !y came f ! press 0 made happi] :5 ! success ( ! lapis lazuli ink 0 assur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,page f an ,autograph ,lett] f ,*>les ,eliot ,norton ,! rew>ds came :5 ,pr(essor ,norton gave ! volume 8 unqualifi$ approval--8s int]e/+ & orig9al 9 its typography & 9 its illu/rations1 s admirable 9 its presswork1 its pap]1 its b9d+1 & its m9or accessories1 444 a noble & exempl>y "w ( ! pr9t]s' art02 :5 ,george ,w4 ,jones1 ,engl&'s arti/-pr9t]1 pron\nc$ ! ,humani/ic type 8! mo/ beautiful face 9 ! _w10 & promis$ to use x 9 :at he hopes to be 8 ma/]piece1 an edition ( ,%akespe>e's ,sonnets2 :5 ! jury appo9t$ by ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t to select 8! mo/ beautiful & mo/ appropriate type face to p]petuate ! div9e ,dante0 *ose ! ,humani/ic type1 & plac$ ! important commission ( produc+ ! def9itive edition ( ! great poet1 to commemorate 8 sexc5t5>y1 9 ! h&s ( t spl5did pr9t]1 ,b]ti]i1 at ,milan4 ,su* rew>ds are n complim5ts1 b ju/ification4 ,su* beauty z ! ,humani/ic type possesses lies 9 ! arti/ic ability & ! m>vel\s skill 9 execution ( ! scribes4 ,my "p 0 simply seiz+ ! developm5t ( a p]iod app>5tly ov]look$1 & und]tak+ ! labori\s task ( translat+ a beautiful ?+ f "o m$ium to ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,petr>*',s ,,triumphs ,illum9at$ ,page 7#aj #f in*es7 ,set 9 ,humani/ic ,type design$ by ! ,au?or ,! ,que/ ( ! ,p]fect ,book mu/ necess>ily lead ! seek] into f> v>y+ roads1 ! greate/ rew>ds be+ f\nd 9 /ray+ f ! ma9 /reet into ! fasc9at+ bypa?s4 ,my que/ has result$ 9 giv+ me great] appreciation ( ! accompli%m5ts ( ^? :o successfully )/ood opposition & p]secution 9 ord] to make ! pr9t$ book a liv+ vehicle to convey ! gems ( ?\ght f great m9ds to ! masses1 nev] =getful ( ! value ( beauty 9 its outw>d aspect4 ,i believe x possible today to p]petuate ! basic pr9ciples ( ! e>ly arti/ ma/]-pr9t]s by apply+ beauty to l[-co/ books z well z to limit$ editions de luxe4 ,! /ory ( ! pr9t$ book itself is great] ?an t conta9$ betwe5 ! cov]s ( any s+le volume1 = )\t x ! hi/ory ( ! _w w\ld %[ ! masses /ill plodd+ on1 swa!d 9 !ological & encyclopdic bonds1 :ile ! few w\ld /ill be jeal\sly ho>d+ _! limit$ k ,,ii ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,books ,a p>aphrase (1 8,w\ld t m9e adv]s>y _h writt5 a book10 might well be1 8,w\ld t m9e enemy _h pr9t$ a book02 = ! build+ ( books has always yield$ small] f9ancial returns = ! giv5 am\nt ( labor & ability ?an is (f]$ 9 any o!r l9e ( intellig5t human ef=t4 8,are all ! workm5 9 y\r e/abli%m5t blank fools80 an irate publi%] dem&$ ( a pr9t] aft] a p>ticul>ly aggravat+ error4 8,if !y 7 n10 0 ! pati5t rejo9d]1 8!y w\ld n be engag$ 9 mak+ books60 ,!re is an intangible lure t keeps all ^? associat$ ) ! book "u subjection4 ,!re is a my/]i\s fasc9ation 9 be+ a p>ty to ! p]petuation ( a human ?\ght t yields some?+ 9 addition to pecuni>y returns4 ,to ! au?or1 ! ine/imable gratification ( convey+ a message to ! _w makes him =get ! t$i\s h\rs ( application requir$ be=e t message c be adequately express$4 ,to ! publi%]1 ! satisfaction ( (f]+ ! opportunity = occasional g5ius to come into its own m ?an balances ! frequ5t disappo9tm5ts4 ,to ! book ar*itect1 ! privilege ( supply+ ! vehicle = ?\ght1 & ( creat+ ! physical =m ( its expression1 yields returns n altoge!r measurable 9 co9 ( ! realm4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #ahia1 dur+ my appr5tice%ip at ! old ,univ]sity ,press1 9 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 ,john ,wilson1 its fam\s head1 p]mitt$ me to sit 9 at a conf]5ce ) ,eug5e ,field & 8 fri5d & admir]1 ,francis ,wilson1 ! actor1 booklov]1 & collector4 ,! subject "u discussion 0 ! manufacture ( a volume ( ,field's poems1 !n call$ ,a ,new ,book ( ,v]ses1 :i* lat] became fam\s "u ! title ( ,second ,book ( ,v]se4 ,field's p]sonal appe>ance made a deep impression t fir/ "t ,i saw him4 ,i 0 !n an und]graduate at ,h>v>d1 & ?is 0 a live au?or at close range6 ,he ent]$ ! (fice ) a peculi>1 ambl+ walk2 8 clo!s 7 ill-fitt+1 acc5tuat+ 8 long legs & arms2 8 h&s 7 delicate1 ) tap]+ f+]s1 l a woman's2 8 face 0 pallid2 8 eyes blue1 ) a curi\sly *ild-l expression4 ,i rememb] my feel+ ( respect1 t+$ some:at ) awe1 z ,i saw ! pages ( manuscript spread out ^u ! table1 & li/5$ eag]ly to ! ?ree-corn]$ conv]sation4 ,illu/ration3 ,autograph ,page ( ,eug5e ,field ,manuscript ,f ,second ,book ( ,v]se1 ,new ,york1 #ahib ,9 consid]+ ! manufacture ( 8 book1 ,eug5e ,field _h cle>ly def9$ ideas ( ! typographical effect he wi%$ to ga92 ,john ,wilson possess$ ! te*nical k t enabl$ him to translate ^? ideas into t]ms ( type4 ,! exam9ation ( ! v>i\s faces ( type1 ! consid]ation ( ! proportions ( ! page1 ! selection ( ! pap]1 ! plan = ! design ( ! cov] & ! b9d+1--all came into ! discussion4 ,z ,i li/5$1 ,i 0 consci\s ( receiv+ new impressions :i* gave me a full] b /ill incomplete und]/&+4 ,until t mom5t ,i _h f\nd little ( int]e/ 9 ! adv5ture ( mak+ books4 ,n[ came a realization t ! build+ ( a book1 l ! design+ ( a h\se1 (f]$ opportunity = creative "w4 ,?is possibility remov$ ! di/urb+ d\bts1 & ,i und]took to discov] = myself h[ t creative elem5t c\ld be cry/alliz$4 ,ye>s lat] came an unexpect$ e*o to ! ,field episode4 ,aft] ! publication ( ! ,second ,book ( ,v]se1 ! manuscript 0 return$ to ,field1 :o _h x b\nd 9 half lea!r & plac$ x 9 8 libr>y4 ,^u 8 dea? _m ( 8 books w5t by beque/ to 8 life-long fri5d1 ,horace ,flet*]1 ! g5ial philosoph] & fam\s apo/le ( dietetics4 ,:5 ,flet*] di$1 he bequea!d ,field's p]sonal volumes to me4 ,by ?is curi\s *a9 ( circum/ances1 ?irty-?ree ye>s aft] ,i _h se5 ! manuscript spread out ^u ! table at ! ,univ]sity ,press1 x came into my possession1 be>+ ! id5tical memor&a ( in/ruction made ^u x by ,john ,wilson1 ^: l>ge1 fl[+ h& contra/$ %>ply ) ! small1 copp]-plate *>act]s ( ! au?or's h&writ+4 ,illu/ration3 ,autograph ,v]se 9 ,eug5e ,field's ,own ,copy ( ,trumpet & ,drum ,! pres5t g5]ation ( booklov]s w\ld ?9k !mselves transport$ back ages r ?an decades 7 !y to glance into a great book-pr9t+ (fice ( ?irty-five ye>s ago4 ,! old ,univ]sity ,press at t "t ackn[l$g$ competition only f ! ,riv]side & ! ,de ,v9ne ,presses1 & conditions t obta9$ !re 7 typical ( ! times4 ,! bus9ess (fice 0 call$ ! 8c\nt+-room02 ! bookkeep] & ! head-cl]k 7 p]*$ up on /ools at high1 slop+ desks1 & wore long1 l95 du/]s & black skull caps4 ,john ,wilson sat at a l[ table desk1 & 8 p>tn]1 :o 0 ! f9ancial executive1 0 ! pr\d possessor ( ! only roll-top desk 9 ! e/abli%m5t4 ,ne> him1 p]haps because ( its value z a novelty & ?us entitl$ to ! same sup]-c>e z ! ca%1 0 in/all$ ! telephone4 ,mo/ ( ! lett]s 7 writt5 by ,mr4 ,wilson 9 8 own h&4 ,"o ( my fir/ responsibilities 0 to copy ^! lett]s on ! wett$ tissue pages ( ! copy-book ) ! turn-screw press4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,wilson ,,9 #ahia ,ma/]-,pr9t] ,!re 0 no p>ticul> sy/em 9 effect1 & sci5tific managem5t 0 unkn[n4 ,mr4 ,wilson us$ to make out 8 ord]s on fragm5ts ( pap]1--:atev] came to h&4 ,:5 ! telephone 0 fir/ in/all$ he refus$ to use x1 z he consid]$ ?is me?od ( conduct+ bus9ess z 8sloppy0 & ev5 disc\rte\s4 ,to employ a /5ograph] w\ld h be5 an evid5ce ( a lazy disposition1 & a dictat$ lett] 0 an (f5ce aga9/ dignity & decorum4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a week's "w at t "t consi/$ ( fifty-n9e h\rs in/ead ( ! pres5t =ty-eight4 ,h& composition & electrotyp+ 7 figur$ toge!r z "o process & *>g$ at f #hj c5ts to #a p] ?\s& ems4 ,*anges requir$ 9 ! type by au?ors co/ #ej c5ts an h\r4 ,an au?or c\ld af=d 9 ^? days to rewrite 8 book aft] x 0 9 type1 b today1 ) alt]ations co/+ five times z mu*1 x is a diff]5t proposition6 ,! wages 7 z ridicul\sly l[ z ! prices *>g$ to cu/om]s4 ,! girls 9 ! compos+ room made f #i to #ab a week1 & ^? receiv+ ! maximum consid]$ !mselves pot5tial ,hetty ,gre5s4 ,today1 receiv+ #dj to #de a week1 !y f9d difficulty 9 mak+ bo? ends meet4 ,! make-up man1 ) ! 8fat0 he receiv$ 9 addition to 8 wage ( #af1 actually e>n$ ab\t #bj a week1 z aga9/ #ej to #fj a week n[4 ,! =eman ( ! compos+ room1 ) m ?an two hundr$ employees "u him1 receiv$ a weekly return ( #bc1 z aga9/ #ge to #ajj n[4 ,typesett+1 ?irty-five ye>s ago1 0 almo/ entirely by h&1 z ?is 0 be=e ! day ( ! l9otype & ! monotype4 ,?orne typesett+ ma*9es1 :i* !n seem$ m>vels ( me*anical +5uity1 fail$ to prove economical because !y requir$ two op]atives & s easily got out ( ord]4 ,! compos+ room itself 0 laid out ) its ma9 av5ues & side /reets l a well-ord]$ t[n1 divisions be+ m>k$ by ! frames be>+ ! cases ( type 9 v>i\s faces & sizes4 ,! correct+ /ones ran d[n ! c5t]4 ,! =eman ( ! compos+ room 0 ! k+ ( 8 doma9 & a p[] unto himself4 ,ea* side /reet 0 an 8alley10 9 :i* f f\r to eight typesett]s work$1 back to back4 ,^! 7 sometimes boys or m51 b usually girls or wom54 ,! 8crew0 9 ea* alley 0 9 *>ge ( an exp]i5c$ typesett]4 ,x 0 he :o receiv$ f ! =eman ! manuscript to be put into type2 :o di/ribut$ ! copy1 a few pages at a "t to ea* ( 8 subord9ates2 :o sup]vis$ ! "w1 & arrang$ = ! galleys to be collat$ 9 _! prop] ord] = pro(+2 & :o 0 g5]ally responsible = ! product ( 8 alley4 ,z 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! times 9 well-conduct$ indu/rial plants1 ! work]s 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 z 9 ! o!rs1 7 simply a l>ge family presid$ ov] by ! =eman1 :o int]pret$ ! in/ructions f ! managem5t2 & by ! heads ( ! crews1 :o c>ri$ out ! detail$ in/ructions ( ! =eman4 ,!re 0 a pride 9 workman%ip t is mo/ly lack+ 9 manufactur+ plants today1 due l>gely to ! introduction ( labor-sav+ ma*9]y1 & aga9 to ! introduction ( effici5cy me?ods4 ,bo? 7 inevitable1 b ! price paid = ! ga9 9 production 0 high4 ,i am old-fa%ion$ en\gh to hope t mod]n ideas ( effici5cy w nev] be appli$ 9 ! pr9t+ indu/ry to ! ext5t ( robb+ ! workman ( 8 individuality4 ,books are su* p]sonal ?+s6 ,i am 9 full sympa?y ) t effici5cy :i* cuts out duplication ( ef=t4 ,i believe 9 /udy+ me?ods ( p]=m+ ea* op]ation to discov] :i* "o is ! mo/ economical 9 "t & ef=t4 ,i realize t 9 great manufactur+ plants1 :]e ma*9es h replac$ s l>gely ! "w ( ! human h&1 x is obvi\sly necess>y = workm5 to sp5d _! days manufactur+ only a "p ( ! complete article2 b :5 ! organization ( any bus9ess goes s f> z to sub/itute numb]s = names ,i feel t some?+ has be5 de/roy$1 & t 9 tak+ away 8 individuality f ! workman ! "w suff]s ! same loss4 ,i h ev5 ask$ myself :e!r ! greate/ und]ly+ cause ( /rikes & labor di/urbances dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s has n be5 ! unre/ t has come to ! workman because he c no long] take actual pride 9 ! product ( 8 h&4 ,ye>s ago1 aft] ! dea? ( "o ( my olde/ employees1 ,i call$ ^u 8 wid[1 & 9 ! simple 8p>lor0 ( ! h\se :]e he _h liv$1 prom95tly plac$ on a m>ble-top table z ! *ief ornam5t 9 ! room1 lay a copy ( ,w5twor?'s 8,geometry40 ,:5 ,i pick$ x up ! wid[ said pr\dly1 8,jim set e page ( t book ) 8 own h&s40 ,x 0 a priceless heirloom 9 :i* ! workman's family took cont9u$ & ju/ifiable pride4 ,! old ,univ]sity ,press family 0 n only happy b loyal4 ,:5 ! bus9ess f\nd itself 9 f9ancial difficulties1 ow+ to outside speculations by ,mr4 ,wilson's p>tn]1 ! workm5 br\ght _! bankbooks1 ) deposits am\nt+ to ov] tw5ty ?\s& doll>s1 & laid !m on ,mr4 ,wilson's desk1 ask+ him to use ^! funds 9 :atev] way he *ose4 ,! sum involv$ 0 inf9itesimal comp>$ to ! necessities1 b ! pr(f] 0 a human ge/ure n calculable 9 f9ancial digits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pro(read+ 0 an art 9 ! eighte5-n9eties in/ead ( an annoy+ necessity1 z x n[ seems to be consid]$4 ,! *ief read]s 7 highly educat$ m5 & wom51 "s hav+ be5 cl]gym5 or s*ooltea*]s4 ,"o pro(read] at ! ,univ]sity ,press at t "t c\ld read f\rte5 languages1 & all ! read]s 7 compet5t to discuss ) ! au?ors po9ts t came up 9 ! pro(4 ,! pro( 0 read1 n only to discov] typographical errors1 b also to qu]y dates1 quotations1 & ev5 /atem5ts ( fact4 ,well-kn[n au?ors 7 con/antly runn+ 9 & out ( ! ,press1 frequ5tly go+ directly to ! pro(read]s1 & sometimes ev5 to ! compositors !mselves1 )\t com+ 9 t\* ) ! c\nt+-room4 ,mr4 ,wilson look$ ^u ! au?ors & publi%]s z memb]s ( 8 big family1 & 8,no ,admittance0 signs 7 conspicu\s by _! abs5ce4 ,! mod]n practice ( pro(read+ _c produce z p]fect volumes z result$ f ! delib]ate1 pa9/ak+1 & "t-consum+ consid]ation :i* ! old-"t pro(read]s gave to e book pass+ ?r\gh _! h&s4 ,today ! pro( is read once1 & !n revis$ & s5t out to ! au?or4 ,:5 made up into page =m & s5t to f\ndry x is aga9 revis$1 b n re-read4 ,no pro( us$ to g out f a fir/-class pr9t+ (fice )\t a fir/ & a second read+ by copy4 ,x 0 !n read a ?ird "t by a c>eful f\ndry read] be=e be+ made into plates4 ,un=tunately1 ) labor at its pres5t co/1 no publi%] c\ld produce a volume at a price t ! public w\ld pay1 if ! old-"t c>e 7 devot$ to its manufacture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"t 0 :5 a reputation = c>eful pro(read+ 0 an asset to a ,press4 ,"o day ! (fice boy came to my private (fice & said t !re 0 a man d[n/airs :o insi/$ ^u see+ me p]sonally1 b :o decl9$ to give 8 "n4 ,f ! expression on ! boy's face ,i conclud$ t ! visitor mu/ be a some:at unique "*1 & ,i 0 n disappo9t$4 ,z he came into my (fice he _h e aspect ( hav+ /epp$ (f ! vaudeville /age4 ,he _h on ! loose g>m5ts ( a f>m]1 ) ! broad hat t is donn$ only on /ate occasions4 ,he wore lea!r boots ov] :i* 7 rubb]s1 & c>ri$ a huge1 gre5 umbrella4 ,he nodd$ pleasantly z he came 91 & sat d[n ) great delib]ation4 ,be=e mak+ any rem>ks he laid 8 umbrella on ! floor & plac$ 8 hat c>efully ov] x1 !n he some:at pa9fully remov$ 8 rubb]s4 ,?is done1 he turn$ to me ) a broad smile ( greet+1 & said1 8,i don't "k z y "k :o ,i am40 ,:5 ,i confirm$ him 9 8 suspicions1 he rem>k$1 8,well1 ,i am ,jasp] ,p4 ,smi?1 & ,i come f ,r&olph1 ,new ,hamp%ire40 7,! names & places m5tion$ are1 = obvi\s reasons1 n correct47 ,i return$ 8 smile ( greet+ & ask$ :at ,i c\ld d = him4 8,well10 he said1 8my home t[n ( ,r&olph1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 has decid$ to get out a t[n hi/ory1 & ,i want to h y d ! pr9t9' ( x4 ,! selectm5 ?\ght x c\ld be pr9t$ at ----1 b ,i says to !m1 #8,if x's wor? do9' at all x's wor? do9' "r1 & ,i want ! book to be made at ! ,univ]sity ,press 9 ,cambridge4'0 ,i ?ank$ ,mr4 ,smi? = 8 confid5ce1 & express$ my satisfaction t our reputation _h rea*$ ,r&olph1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 8,well10 he said1 *uckl+ to himself1 8y see1 x 0 ?is way4 ,y made ! hi/ory ( ,rum=d1 & ,i 0 ! fell] :o wrote ! g5ealogies4 ,t's :at ,i am1 a g5ealogy fell]4 ,nobody 9 ,new ,hamp%ire c write a t[n hi/ory )\t com9' to me = g5ealogies40 ,aft] paus+ = a mom5t he cont9u$1 8,x 0 y\r pro(read9' t caught me4 ,on t ,rum=d book y\r pro(read] 0 a sm>t "o1 %e 01 b ,i got back at h] 9 good /yle40 ,8 memory seem$ to cause him consid]able amusem5t1 & ,i wait$ expectantly4 8,x 0 9 "o ( ! g5ealogies10 he w5t on f9ally4 8,i gave ! date ( ! m>riage z s & s1 & ! date ( ! bir? ( ! fir/ *ild z two mon?s lat]4 ,did %e let t g by8 ,i %\ld say n4 ,%e drew a l9e "r out into ! m>g9 & made a d>n$ big "q m>k4 ,b ,i got back at h]6 ,i j left t "q m>k :]e x 01 & wrote und]nea?1 #8,morally incorrect1 hi/orically correct6'0 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ! fir/ ,adams flat-b$ press 0 in/all$ at ! ,univ]sity ,press1 ,presid5t ,felton ( ,h>v>d ,college insi/$ t no book ( 8 %\ld ev] be pr9t$ ^u ?is mod]n mon/rosity4 ,"h 0 hi/ory repeat+ itself1 = booklov]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury 9 ,italy = a long "t refus$ to admit t a pr9t$ volume _h its place 9 a g5tleman's libr>y4 ,9 ! eighte5-n9eties "o :ole dep>tm5t at ! ,univ]sity ,press consi/$ ( ^! flat-b$ presses1 :i* today c sc>cely be f\nd outside ( museums4 ,if a mod]n publi%] 7 to /ray into ! old l(t :]e ! wett$ %eets f ^! presses 7 hung ov] wood5 raft]s to dry1 he w\ld rub 8 eyes & wond] 9 :at age he 0 liv+4 ,! pap] _h be5 pass$ ?r\gh tubs ( wat]1 p]haps half a quire at a "t1 & p>tially dri$ be=e be+ run ?r\gh ! press4 ,! old ,adams presses made an impression t c\ld h be5 read by ! bl9d1 & all ?is emboss+1 toge!r ) ! wr9kl+ ( ! %eet f ! moi/ure1 _h to be tak5 out "u hydraulic pressure4 ,today wett$ %eets & ! use ( hydraulic presses = bookwork are practically obsolete4 ,! cyl9d] presses1 t run twice z fa/1 produce "w ( equal quality at l[] co/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ^? days ! relations betwe5 publi%]s & _! pr9t]s 7 mu* m intimate4 ,scales ( prices 7 e/abli%$ f "t to "t1 b a publi%] usually s5t all 8 "w to ! same pr9t]4 ,x 0 also f> m cu/om>y = a publi%] to s5d an au?or to ! pr9t] to discuss que/ions ( typography ) ! actual mak] ( ! book1 or to argue "s te*nical or /ructural po9t 9 8 manuscript ) ! head pro(read]4 ,! headread] 9 a l>ge pr9t+ e/abli%m5t at t "t 0 a di/9ct p]sonality1 q compet5t to meet au?ors ^u _! own gr\nd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o ( my e>lie/ & pleasante/ responsibilities 0 to act z ,mr4 ,wilson's repres5tative 9 8 bus9ess relations ) ,mrs4 ,m>y ,bak] ,eddy1 :i* requir$ frequ5t trips to 8,pleasant ,view0 at ,concord1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,mrs4 ,eddy always felt "u deep obligation to ,mr4 ,wilson = 8 int]e/ 9 ! manuscript ( ,sci5ce & ,heal? :5 %e fir/ took x to him ) a view to publication1 & any message f him always receiv$ imm$iate & fri5dly consid]ation4 ,9 ! pa/ !re h be5 sugge/ions made t ! ,rev4 ,james ,h5ry ,wigg91 a retir$ ,unit>ian cl]gyman & long a pro(read] at ! ,univ]sity ,press1 rewrote ,sci5ce & ,heal?4 ,mr4 ,wigg9 0 /ill pro(read] :5 ,i ent]$ ! ,press1 & he always manife/$ great pride 9 hav+ be5 associat$ ) ,mrs4 ,eddy 9 ! revision ( ?is fam\s book4 ,i (t5 he>d ! matt] ref]r$ to1 bo? by him & by ,john ,wilson1 b !re nev] 0 ! slighte/ intimation t ,mr4 ,wigg9's s]vices pass$ beyond ^? ( an exp]i5c$ editor4 ,i h no d\bt t _m ( 8 sugge/ions1 9 8 editorial capacity1 7 ( value & possibly accept$ by ! au?or1--9 fact1 unless !y _h be51 he w\ld n h ex]cis$ 8 prop] function2 b _h he contribut$ to ! new edition :at "s h claim$1 he w\ld c]ta9ly h giv5 intimation ( x 9 8 conv]sations ) me4 ,! *>act]i/ic ab\t ,mrs4 ,eddy t impress$ me ! fir/ "t ,i met h] 0 h] mo!rl9ess4 ,%e gave e "o ! impression ( deepe/ int]e/ & conc]n 9 :at he said1 & 0 sympa!tic 9 ev]y?+ t t\*$ on 8 p]sonal affairs4 ,:5 ,i told h] ( ,john ,wilson's f9ancial calamity1 %e seem$ to reg>d x z a mis=tune ( h] own4 ,be=e ,i left h] t day %e drew a *eck = a sub/antial sum & (f]$ x to me4 8,please h& t to my old fri5d10 %e said1 8& tell him to be ( good *e]4 ,:at he has giv5 ( himself to o!rs all ^! ye>s w n[ return to him a ?\s&-fold40 ,at fir/ "o might h be5 deceiv$ by h] quiet mann] into ?9k+ t %e 0 easily influ5c$4 ,!re 0 no sugge/ion to :i* %e did n hold h]self op54 ,if %e approv$1 %e accept$ x promptly2 if x did n appeal1 %e dismiss$ x ) a graci\sness t left no m>k2 b x 0 always settl$ once & = all4 ,!re 0 no wav]+ & no unc]ta9ty4 ,aft] ,mrs4 ,eddy mov$ f ,concord to ,bo/on1 h] affairs 7 adm9i/]$ by h] ,tru/ees1 s ,i saw h] less frequ5tly4 ,to _m h] "n sugge/s a great religi\s movem5t1 b :5 ,i ?9k ( h] ,i seem to see acres ( gre5 grass1 a placid little lake1 a silv] /rip ( riv]1 & a b\nd>y l9e ( hills2 & )9 ! unpret5ti\s h\se a slight1 unassum+ woman1--v real1 v human1 v appeal+1 supremely cont5t 9 ! self-k t1 no matt] :at o!rs might ?9k1 %e 0 deliv]+ h] message to ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ?is "t1 ,i _h discov]$ :at 0 ! matt] ) ,am]ican bookmak+4 ,x 0 a contract+ bus9ess1 & books 7 conceiv$ & made by ! comb9$ ef=ts ( ! publi%]1 ! manufactur+ man1 ! arti/1 ! decorator1 ! pap] mills' ag5t1 &1 la/ ( all1 ! pr9t] & ! b9d]4 ,?is 0 n ! way ! old-"t pr9t]s _h plann$ _! books4 ,) all _! me*anical limitations1 !y _h foll[$ ar*itectural l9es kept consi/5t & h>moni\s because controll$ by a s+le m9d1 :ile ! f9i%$ volume ( ! eighte5-n9eties 0 a composite production ( _m m9ds1 ) no ar*itectural plan4 ,no wond] t ! volumes manufactur$1 ev5 9 ! mo/ fam\s ,presses1 fail$ to comp>e ) ^? produc$ 9 ,v5ice by ,j5son & ,aldus f\r c5turies e>li]6 ,:5 ,i succe$$ ,john ,wilson z head ( ! ,univ]sity ,press 9 #ahie1 ,i det]m9$ to c>ry out ! resolution ,i _h =m$ f\r ye>s e>li]1 :ile sitt+ 9 on ! ,eug5e ,field conf]5ce1 ( foll[+ ! example ( ! e>ly ma/]-pr9t]s s f> z ?is c\ld be done amid/ mod]n conditions4 ,"s ( my publi%] fri5ds 7 p>tially conv9c$ by my cont5tion t if ! pr9t] prop]ly fulfill$ 8 function he mu/ "k h[ to express 8 cli5ts' m5tal conception ( ! physical attributes ( prospective volumes 9 t]ms ( type1 pap]1 presswork1 & b9d+ bett] ?an !y c\ld d x !mselves4 ,! ,kelmscott publications1 :i* appe>$ at ?is "t1 7 ( great value 9 emphasiz+ my cont5tion1 = ,william ,morris plac$ pr9t+ back among ! f9e arts aft] x _h laps$ into a trade4 ,i _h no idea1 :5 ,i pres5t$ my plan1 ( p]suad+ my fri5ds to produce typographical monum5ts4 ,no dem& has ev] exi/$ = volumes ( ?is type adequate to ! excessive co/ involv$ by ! p]fection ( mat]ials1 ! accuracy ( editorial detail1 ! supreme excell5ce ( typography & presswork1 & ! glory ( ! b9d+4 ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz1 ,gut5b]g's successors1 7 ru9$ by _! exp]im5ts 9 ,greek2 ! ,ald9e ,press 9 ,v5ice 0 sav$ only by ! int]v5tion ( ,jean ,groli]2 ,h5ri ti5ne 0 ru9$ by 8 fam\s ,!saurus1 & ,*ri/ophe ,plant9 w\ld h be5 bankrupt$ by 8 ,polyglot ,bible _h he n retriev$ 8 =tunes by lat] & mean] publications4 ,nor 0 ,i unm9dful ( simil> examples t might h be5 cit$ f m mod]n ef=ts1 made by ambiti\s publi%]s & pr9t]s4 ,:at ,i want$ to d 0 to build l[-co/ volumes ^u ! same pr9ciples z de luxe editions1 elim9at+ ! exp5sive mat]ials b reta9+ ! h>mony & consi/5cy t come f design+ ! book f an ar*itectural /&po9t4 ,x adds little to ! exp5se to select a type t prop]ly expresses ! ?\ght :i* ! au?or wi%es to convey2 or to h ! presses t\* ! lett]s into ! pap] 9 su* a way z to become a "p ( x1 )\t t heavy impression :i* makes ! rev]se side appe> l an example ( ,braille2 or to f9d a pap] 7ev5 made by ma*9e67 s(t to ! feel & grateful to ! eye1 on :i* ! page is plac$ ) well-consid]$ m>g9s2 or to use illu/rations or decorations1 if w>rant$ at all1 9 su* a way z to assi/ ! imag9ation ( ! read] r ?an to div]t him f ! text2 to plan a title page :i*1 l ! door to a h\se1 invites ! read] to op5 x & proce$1 its type l9es c>efully balanc$ ) ! blank2 or to b9d 7ev5 9 clo?67 ) trig squ>es & ) design or lett]+ 9 keep+ ) ! pr9t+ inside4 ,by degrees ! publi%]s began to realize t ?is c\ld be done1 & :5 once e/abli%$1 ! idea ( treat+ ! mak+ ( books z a manufactur+ problem in/ead ( z a s]ies ( contracts ) diff]5t conc]ns1 no "o ( :i* knew :at ! o!rs 7 do+1 f\nd favor4 ,! au?ors also pref]r$ x1 = _! lit]>y *ildr5 n[ w5t =? to ! _w 9 m becom+ dress4 ,?us s]v+ 9 ! capacity ( book ar*itect & typographical advisor1 in/ead ( m]ely z a contra/+ pr9t]1 ^! ye>s h be5 liv$ 9 a v]itable ,k+dom ( ,books1 9 company ) int]e/+ p1--au?ors & arti/s z well z publi%]s1--9 a delightfully intimate way because ,i h be5 p]mitt$ to be a "p ( ! great adv5ture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dur+ ^! ye>s ,i h se5 dramatic *anges4 ,wages 7 some:at advanc$ betwe5 #ahia & ! outbreak ( ! ,_w ,w>1 b ev5 at ?is latt] date ! co/ ( manufactur+ books 0 less ?an half ( :at x is n[4 ,?is is ! great problem :i* publi%]s h to face today4 ,:5 ! co/ ( ev]y?+ d\bl$ aft] ! ,_w ,w>1 ! public accept$ ! necessity ( pay+ twice ! price = a !at] ticket z a matt] ( c\rse2 b :5 ! retail price ( books 0 advanc$ 9 proportion to ! co/ ( manufacture1 !re 0 a great outcry among buy]s t au?ors1 publi%]s1 & booksell]s 7 opportuni/s1 dem&+ an unw>rant$ pr(it4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! novel :i* us$ to sell at #a4ce p] copy %\ld n[ sell at #b4ej if ! increas$ co/s 7 prop]ly apportion$4 ,! publi%] today is =c$ to decl9e _m promis+ fir/ novels because ! small m>g9 ( pr(it dem&s a comp>atively l>ge fir/ edition4 ,unless a publi%] c sell #e1jjj copies z a m9imum x is impossible = him to make any pr(it ^u a novel4 ,tak+ ?is z a basis1 & a novel z conta9+ #cbj pages1 suppose we see h[ ! #b4jj retail price di/ributes itself4 ,! co/ ( manufacture1 includ+ ! typesett+1 electrotype plates1 cov] design1 jacket1 brass dies1 presswork1 pap]1 & b9d+1 am\nts to #db c5ts p] copy 79 ,engl&1 ab\t #cg c5ts74 ,! publi%]'s co/ ( runn+ 8 (fice1 :i* he calls 8ov]head10 is #cf c5ts p] copy4 ,! m9imum royalty receiv$ by an au?or is #aj p] c5t4 ( ! retail price1 :i* w\ld give him #bj c5ts4 ,?is makes a total co/ ( #ih c5ts a copy1 )\t adv]tis+4 ,b a book mu/ be adv]tis$4 ,e fifty doll>s sp5t 9 adv]tis+ on a five ?\s& edition adds a c5t to ! publi%]'s co/4 ,! free copies di/ribut$ = press reviews repres5t no trifl+ item4 ,a ?\s& doll>s is n a l>ge am\nt to be sp5t = adv]tis+1 & ?is means #bj c5ts a copy on a #ejjj edition1 mak+ a total co/ ( #a4ah p] copy & r$uc+ ! publi%]'s pr(it to #b c5ts1 s9ce he sells a two-doll> book to ! retail booksell] = #a4bj4 ,! booksell] figures t 8 co/ ( do+ bus9ess is "o-?ird ! am\nt ( 8 sales1 or1 on a two-doll> book1 #fg c5ts4 ,?is !n %[s a net pr(it to ! retail booksell] ( #ac c5ts1 to ! publi%] ( #b c5ts1 & to ! au?or ( #bj c5ts a copy4 ,beyond ?is1 !re is an additional exp5se to bo? booksell] & publi%] :i* ! buy] ( books is likely to ov]look4 ,x is impossible to "k j :5 ! dem& = a book w cease1 & ?is means t ! publi%] & ! booksell] are frequ5tly left ) copies on h& :i* h to be dispos$ ( at a price bel[ co/4 ,?is is an exp5se t has to be includ$ 9 ! book bus9ess j z mu* z 9 h&l+ fruit1 fl[]s1 or o!r p]i%able goods4 ,:5 a publi%] is able to figure on a l>ge dem& = ! fir/ edition1 he c cut d[n ! co/ ( manufacture mat]ially2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ?is is at lea/ p>tially (fset by ! fact t au?ors ^: books w>rant l>ge fir/ editions dem& consid]ably m ?an #aj p] c5t4 royalty1 & ! adv]tis+ item on a big sell] runs into l>ge figures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i wi% ,i might say t ,i _h se5 a dramatic *ange 9 ! me?ods employ$ 9 ! retail book/ores6 ,!re /ill exi/s1 ) a few notable exceptions1 ! same lack ( realization t famili>ity ) ! goods "o has to sell is z necess>y 9 m]*&iz+ books z ) any o!r commodity4 ,salesm5 9 _m o!rwise well-organiz$ retail book/ores are /ill pa9fully ignorant ( _! prop] functions & indiff]5t to ! legitimate requirem5ts ( _! prospective cu/om]s4 ,"s ye>s ago1 :5 "o ( my novels 0 hav+ its run1 ,i happ5$ to be 9 ,new ,york at a "t :5 a fri5d 0 sail+ = ,europe4 ,he _h ann\nc$ 8 int5tion ( pur*as+ a copy ( my book to read on ! /eam]1 & ,i ask$ him to p]mit me to s5d x to him ) ! au?or's complim5ts4 ,le/ any read] be a/oni%$ to le>n t an au?or ev] buys a copy ( 8 own book1 let me record ! fact t except = ! twelve :i* =m a "p ( 8 contract ) ! publi%]1 he pays ca% = e copy he gives away4 ,m>k ,twa9 d$icat$ ! fir/ edition ( ,! ,jump+ ,frog to 8,john ,smi?40 ,9 ! second edition he omitt$ ! d$ication1 expla9+ t 9 d$icat+ ! volume z he did1 he _h felt sure t at lea/ all ! ,john ,smi?s w\ld buy books4 ,to 8 con/]nation he f\nd t !y all expect$ complim5t>y copies1 & he 0 hoi/ by 8 own pet>d6 ,) ! idea ( c>ry+ out my promise to my fri5d1 ,i /epp$ into "o ( ! l>ge/ book/ores 9 ,new ,york1 & approa*$ a cl]k1 ask+ him = ! book by title4 ,my pride 0 some:at hurt to f9d t ev5 ! "n 0 entirely unfamili> to him4 ,he ran ov] v>i\s volumes ^u ! c\nt]1 & !n turn$ to me1 say+1 8,we don't c>ry t book1 b we h sev]al o!rs "h :i* ,i am sure y w\ld l bett]40 8,und\bt$ly y h10 ,i agre$ ) him2 8b t is beside ! po9t4 ,i am ! au?or ( ! book ,i ask$ =1 & ,i wi% to secure a copy to give to a fri5d4 ,i am surpris$ t a /ore l ?is does n c>ry x40 ,lean+ non*alantly on a l>ge1 circul> pile ( books ne> him1 ! cl]k took ^u himself ! education ( ! au?or4 8,x w\ld require a /ore mu* l>g] ?an ?is to c>ry e book t is publi%$1 w\ldn't x80 he ask$ *e]fully4 8,( c\rse ea* au?or naturally ?9ks 8 book %\ld h ! place ( honor on ! book/alls1 b we h to be gov]n$ by ! dem&40 ,x 0 humiliat+ to le>n ! real reason :y ?is h\se fail$ to c>ry my book4 ,i _h to say some?+ to expla9 my presumption ev5 9 assum+ t ,i might f9d x !re1 s 9 my confusion ,i /amm]$1 8,b ,i und]/ood f ! publi%]s t ! book 0 sell+ v well40 8,oh1 yes10 ! cl]k repli$ indulg5tly2 8!y h to say t to _! au?ors to keep !m satisfi$60 ,) ! matt] ?us def9itely settl$1 no?+ rema9$ b to make my escape z gracefully z circum/ances w\ld p]mit4 ,z ,i />t$ to leave1 ! cl]k resum$ 8 /&+ position1 & my eye happ5$ to re/ on ! pile ( p]haps two hundr$ books ^u :i* he _h be5 half-recl9+4 ,! jacket 0 /rik+ly famili>4 ,turn+ to ! cl]k ,i said sev]ely1 8,w\ld y m9d glanc+ at t pile ( books f :i* y h j ris580 8,oh60 he exclaim$1 smil+ & h&+ me a copy1 8t is ! v book we 7 look+ =1 isn't x80 ,x seem$ my opportunity to become ! educator1 & ,i seiz$ x4 8,"y man10 ,i said1 8if y w\ld discont9ue ! practice ( lett+ my books support y1 & sell a few copies s t !y might support me1 x w\ld be a :ole lot bett] = bo? ( u40 8,ha1 ha60 he laugh$1 graci\sly pleas$ ) my sally2 8t's a good l9e1 isn't x8 ,i really mu/ read y\r book60 99 99 99 99 99 ,! old-"t publi%] is pass+1 & ! au?or is l>gely to blame4 ,i h se5 ! close association--9 _m cases ! pr(\nd fri5d%ip--betwe5 au?or & publi%] brok5 by ! comm]cialism fo/]$ by "s lit]>y ag5ts & complet$ by competitive bids made by "o publi%+ h\se to beguile a popul> au?or away f ano!r4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 a writ] 0 pr\d to be classifi$ z a 8,macmillan10 or a 8,h>p]0 au?or4 ,he felt himself a "p ( ! publi%]'s organization1 & _h no hesitation 9 tak+ 8 lit]>y problems to ! editorial advisor ( ! h\se ^: impr9t appe>$ ^u ! title pages ( 8 volumes4 ,a celebrat$ ,bo/on au?oress once f\nd h]self absolutely at a /&/ill on a p>tially complet$ novel4 ,%e confid$ h] dilemma to h] publi%]1 :o imm$iately s5t "o ( 8 editorial /aff to ! rescue4 ,!y sp5t two weeks work+ toge!r ov] ! manuscript1 solv$ ! problems1 & ! novel1 :5 publi%$1 0 ! mo/ successful ( ! season4 ,sev]al publi%]s h ackn[l$g$ to me t 9 (f]+ unusually high royalties to au?ors !y h no expectation ( break+ ev51 b t to h a popul> title ^u _! li/ increases ! sales ( _! entire l9e4 ,! publi%] f :om ! popul> writ] is fil*$ has usually done 8 %>e 9 help+ him atta9 8 popul>ity4 ,! royalty he pays is a fair division ( ! pr(its4 ,he _c1 9 ju/ice to 8 o!r au?ors1 pay him a fur!r premium4 ,e?ics1 p]haps1 has no place 9 bus9ess1 b ! relation betwe5 au?or & publi%] seems to me to be beyond a bus9ess cov5ant4 ,a publi%] may delib]ately add an au?or to 8 li/ at a loss 9 ord] to accompli% a specific purpose1 b ?is practice _c be cont9u$ indef9itely4 ,a f>-sight$ au?or w consid] ! matt] s]i\sly be=e he becomes an opportuni/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,engl& ?is que/ionable practice has be5 ( mu* sl[] gr[?4 ,! ,h\se ( ,murray1 9 ,london1 is "o ( ^? /ill conduct$ on ! old-"t basis4 ,john ,murray ,,iv1 ! pres5t head ( ! bus9ess1 has no int]e/ 9 any au?or :o comes to him = any reason o!r ?an a desire to h ! ,murray impr9t ^u 8 book4 ,x is m ?an a bus9ess4 ,! publi%+ (fices at #ej;a1 ,albem>le ,/reet adjo9 & op5 out ( ! ,murray home4 ,9 ! libr>y is /ill %[n ! fireplace :]e ,john ,murray ,,iii burn$ ,byron's ,memoirs1 aft] pur*as+ !m at an enorm\s price1 because he deem$ t _! publication w\ld d injury to ! reputation ( ! writ] & ( ! ,h\se itself4 ,john ,murray ,,ii 0 "o ( ! publi%]s ( ,scott's ,m>mion4 ,9 ^? days x 0 cu/om>y = publi%]s to %>e _! contracts4 ,con/able _h pur*as$ f ,scott = #a1jjj ! copyright ( ,m>mion )\t hav+ se5 a s+le l9e1 & ! honor>ium 0 paid ! au?or be=e ! poem 0 complet$ or ! manuscript deliv]$4 ,con/able1 h[ev]1 promptly dispos$ ( a "o-f\r? int]e/ to ,mr4 ,mill] ( ,albem>le ,/reet1 & ano!r "o f\r? to ,john ,murray1 !n ( ,fleet ,/reet4 ,by #ahbi ,scott _h succe$$ 9 gett+ into 8 own h&s ne>ly all 8 copyrights1 "o ( ! out/&+ items be+ ?is "o-qu>t] int]e/ 9 ,m>mion held by ,mr4 ,murray4 ,longmans & ,con/able _h tri$ 9 va9 to pur*ase x4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,scott himself approa*$ ,murray ?r\gh ,lockh>t1 ! foll[+ lett] f ,mr4 ,murray 0 ! result3 ,s highly d ,i e/imate ! hon\r ( be+ ev5 9 s small a degree ! publi%] ( ! au?or ( ! poem t no pecuni>y consid]ation :atev] c induce me to "p ) x4 ,b !re is a consid]ation ( ano!r k9d t w\ld make x pa9ful to me if ,i 7 to reta9 x a mom5t long]4 ,i mean ! k ( its be+ requir$ by ! au?or1 into ^: h&s x 0 spontane\sly resign$ at ! same in/ant t ,i read ! reque/4 ,!re has always be5 a va/ diff]5ce 9 au?ors 9 ! attitude !y assume t[>d ! trans=mation ( _! manuscripts into pr9t$ books4 ,mo/ ( !m leave e detail to _! publi%]s1 b a few take a deep & intellig5t p]sonal int]e/4 ,b]n>d ,%aw is to be includ$ 9 ! latt] gr\p4 ,a lead+ ,bo/on publi%] once telephon$ me t an unkn[n ,engli% au?or _h submitt$ a manuscript = publication1 b t x 0 too sociali/ic 9 its nature to be acceptable4 ,!n ! publi%] add$ t ! au?or _h ask$1 9 case ?is h\se did n c>e to publi% ! volume1 t arrangem5ts be made to h ! book pr9t$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ord] to secure ,am]ican copyright4 8,we don't c>e to h any?+ to d ) x10 0 ! /atem5t2 8b ,i ?\ght p]haps y might l to manufacture ! book40 8,:o is ! au?or80 ,i inquir$4 8,x's a man nam$ ,%aw40 8,:at is ! re/ ( 8 "n80 8,wait a m9ute & ,i'll f9d out40 ,leav+ ! telephone = a mom5t1 ! publi%] return$ & said1 8,8 "n is ,g4 ,b]n>d ,%aw4 ,did y ev] he> ( him80 8,yes10 ,i repli$2 8,i met him la/ summ] 9 ,london ?r\gh ,cobd5-,s&]son1 & ,i %\ld be glad to und]take ! manufacture ( ! book = ,mr4 ,%aw40 8,all "r10 came ! answ]4 8,h y\r boy call = ! manuscript40 ,?is manuscript 0 ,man & ,sup]man4 ,f t day & = _m ye>s1 ,%aw & ,i c>ri$ on a desultory correspond5ce1 8 lett]s prov+ mo/ orig9al & div]t+4 ,on "o occasion he took me sev]ely to task = hav+ us$ two sizes ( type ^u a title page4 ,he wrote f\r pages to prove :at poor ta/e & workman%ip ?is repres5t$1 & !n end$ ! lett] ) ^! words1 8,b1 aft] all1 any o!r pr9t] w\ld h us$ sixte5 in/ead ( two1 s ,i bless y = y\r re/ra9t60 ,we _h ano!r l5g?y discussion on ! use ( apo/rophes 9 pr9t+4 8,i h made no attempt to deal ) ! apo/rophes y introduce10 he wrote2 8b my own usage is c>efully consid]$ & ! inconsi/5cies are only app>5t4 ,= in/ance1 ,ive1 y\ve1 lets1 ?ats1 are q unmi/akable1 b ,ill1 hell1 %ell1 = ,i'll1 he'll1 %e'll1 are impossible )\t a phonetic alphabet to di/+ui% betwe5 long & %ort e4 ,9 su* cases ,i reta9 ! apo/rophe1 9 all o!rs ,i disc>d x4 ,n[ y may ask me :y ,i disc>d x4 ,solely because x spoils ! pr9t+4 ,if y pr9t a ,bible y c make a h&some job ( x because !re are no apo/rophes or inv]t$ commas to break up ! lett]press ) holes & dots4 ,until p are =c$ to h "s consid]ation = a book z some?+ to look at z well z some?+ to read1 we %all nev] get rid ( ^! s5seless disfigurem5ts t h de/roy$ all ! old s5se ( beauty 9 pr9t+40 8,n9ety-n9e p] c5t4 ( ! secret ( good pr9t+10 ,%aw cont9u$1 8is n to h pat*es ( :ite or trickl+ riv]s ( x trail+ d[n a page1 l ra9-drops on a w9d[4 ,horrible6 ,:ite is ! enemy ( ! pr9t]4 ,black1 ri*1 fat1 ev5 black1 )\t gray pat*es1 is1 or %\ld be1 8 pride4 ,leads & quads & displays ( diff]5t k9ds ( type %\ld be res]v$ = insurance prospectuses & adv]tisem5ts ( lo/ dogs44440 ,8 en?usiasm = ,william ,morris' leaf ornam5ts is n %>$ by all booklov]s4 ,glance at any ( ! ,kelmscott volumes1 & y w f9d ^! glorifi$ oak leaves scatt]$ ov] ! type page 9 absolutely unrelat$ fa%ion1--a great] blemi%1 to "s eyes1 ?an occasional v>iation 9 spac+4 ,%aw writes3 ,if y look at "o ( ! books pr9t$ by ,william ,morris1 ! greate/ pr9t] ( ! ,,xix c5tury1 & "o ( ! greate/ pr9t]s ( all ! c5turies1 y w see t he occasionally puts 9 a little leaf ornam5t1 or some?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! idiots 9 ,am]ica :o tri$ to imitate ,morris1 n und]/&+ ?is1 pepp]$ su* ?+s all ov] _! 8art0 books1 & g5]ally manag$ to /ick 9 an extra l>ge quad be=e ea* to %[ h[ little !y und]/ood ab\t ! bus9ess4 ,morris doesn't d ?is 9 8 own books4 ,he rewrites ! s5t5ce s z to make x ju/ify1 )\t br++ "o gap und]nea? ano!r 9 ! l9e above4 ,b 9 pr9t+ o!r p's books1 :i* he _h no "r to alt]1 he sometimes f\nd x impossible to avoid ?is4 ,!n1 soon] ?an spoil ! ri*1 ev5 color ( 8 block ( lett]press by a big :ite hole1 he fill$ x up ) a leaf4 ,d n dismiss ?is z n be+ 8bus9ess40 ,i assure y1 ,i h a book :i* ,morris gave me1 a s+le copy1 by sell+ :i* ,i c\ld cov] ! entire co/ ( pr9t+ my books1 & its value is due solely to its hav+ be5 manufactur$ 9 ! way ,i advocate2 !re's absolutely no o!r secret ab\t x2 & !re is no reason :y y %\ld n make y\rself fam\s ?r\gh all ! ages by turn+ out editions ( /&>d works on ^! l9es :il/ o!r pr9t]s are exhau/+ !mselves 9 dirty felt end pap]s1 %am ,kelmscott capitals1 leaf ornam5ts 9 quad sauce1 & !n wond]+ :y nobody 9 ,europe w pay twop5ce = !m1 :il/ ,kelmscott books & ,doves ,press books ( ,morris' fri5ds1 ,em]y ,walk] & ,cobd5-,s&]son1 fet* fancy prices be=e ! ink is ?or\ghly dry4444 ,aft] ?is ,i %all h to get y to pr9t all my future books1 s please h ?is treatise pr9t$ 9 lett]s ( gold & pres]v$ = future ref]5ce ,,iii ,,fri5ds ,,?r\gh ,,type ,9 #aijc ,i aga9 visit$ ,italy to cont9ue my /udy ( ! art ( pr9t+ 9 ! old mona/]ies & libr>ies1 sail+ on ! ,s4 ,s4 ,canopic f ,bo/on to ,naples4 ,among ! pass5g]s on bo>d ,i met ,horace ,flet*]1 return+ to 8 home 9 ,v5ice4 ,at t "t 8 volume ,m5ticulture 0 hav+ a trem5d\s run4 ,i _h enjoy$ read+ ! book1 & 9 its au?or ,i discov]$ a unique & *>m+ p]sonality2 9 fact1 ,i h nev] met s p]fect an expression ( practical optimism4 ,8 humor 0 infecti\s1 8 philosophy appeal+1 8 quiet p]si/5cy irresi/ible4 ,to _m p ! "n ( ,horace ,flet*] has become associat$ ) ! ,glad/onian doctr9e ( excessive *ew+1 b ?is falls f> %ort ( ! :ole tru?4 ,8 s*eme 0 ! broade/ imag9able1 & ?or\gh ma/ication 0 only ! hub into :i* ! o!r spokes ( ! :eel ( 8 philosophy ( life 7 to be fitt$4 ,! s*eme 0 no?+ less ?an a cultivation ( progressive human effici5cy4 ,believ+ t absolute heal? is ! real basis ( human happ9ess & advancem5t1 & t heal? dep5ds ^u an intellig5t treatm5t ( food 9 ! m\? toge!r ) k ( h[ be/ to furni% ! fuel t is actually requir$ to run ! human eng9e1 ,horace ,flet*] s\ght = & f\nd p]fect guides among ! natural human in/9cts & physiologic facilities1 & demon/rat$ t 8 !ories 7 facts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dur+ ! ye>s t foll[$ ,i s]v$ z 8 typographic m5tor4 ,he 0 eag] to try weird & +5i\s exp]im5ts to br+ out ! v>i\s po9ts ( 8 !ories ?r\gh unique typographical arrangem5t 7see opp4 page74 ,x requir$ all my skill & diplomacy to conv9ce him t type possess$ rigid limitations1 & t to ga9 8 emphasis he mu/ adopt less complicat$ me?ods4 ,f ?is association we became ! close/ ( fri5ds1 & presum+ ^u ?is relation ,i us$ to bant] him ^u be+ s casual4 ,8 copy 0 nev] ready :5 ! compositors ne$$ x2 he 0 always late 9 return+ 8 pro(s4 ,! manufacture ( a ,flet*] book 0 a hectic exp]i5ce1 yet no "o ev] seem$ to take exceptions4 ,?is 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,he mov$ & act$ ^u sudd5ly =m$ impulses1 nev] plann+ ahead yet always secur+ exactly :at he want$1 & ^? inconv5i5c$ ! mo/ always seem$ to enjoy x4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,page ( ,horace ,flet*] ,manuscript 8,i believe10 he us$ to say1 89 hit*+ "o's wagon to a />1 b ,i always keep my bag pack$ & close at h& ready to *ange />s at a mom5t's notice4 ,x is only by do+ ?is t y c give ?+s a *ance to happ5 to y40 ,among ! volumes ,flet*] _h ) him on bo>d %ip 0 "o he _h pur*as$ 9 ,italy1 pr9t$ 9 a type ,i did n recognize b :i* greatly attract$ me by its beauty4 ,! book bore ! impr9t3 ,p>ma3 ,co'tipi ,bodoniani4 ,"s weeks lat]1 9 a small1 second-h& book/ore 9 ,flor5ce1 ,i happ5$ ^u a volume pr9t$ 9 ! same type1 :i* ,i pur*as$ & took at once to my fri5d1 ,doctor ,guido ,biagi1 at ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y4 8,! "w ( ,giambatti/a ,bodoni is n famili> to y80 he inquir$ 9 surprise4 8,x is he :o reviv$ 9 ,italy ! glory ( ! ,aldi4 ,he & ,firm9 ,didot 9 ,p>is 7 ! fa!rs ( mod]n type design at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury40 8,is ?is type /ill 9 use80 ,i inquir$4 8,no10 ,biagi answ]$4 8,:5 ,bodoni di$ !re 0 no "o wor?y to cont9ue its use1 s 8 matrices & pun*es are kept intact1 exactly z he left !m4 ,!y are on exhibition 9 ! libr>y at ,p>ma1 j z ! old ,plant9 relics are pres]v$ 9 ! museum at ,antw]p40 ,illu/ration3 ,,giambatti/a ,,bodoni1 #agdj-ahac ,f ,engrav+ at ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is ,i imm$iately took /eps ?r\gh our ,ambassador at ,rome to ga9 p]mission f ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t to recut ?is face = use 9 ,am]ica4 ,aft] consid]able difficulty & delay ?is p]mission 0 grant$1 ) a proviso t ,i %\ld n all[ any ( ! type made f my propos$ matrices to get into ! h&s ( ,italian pr9t]s1 z ?is w\ld detract f ! pre/ige ( ! city ( ,p>ma4 ,x 0 a condition to :i* ,i 0 q will+ to subscribe6 ,)9 a ye> ,i h receiv$ a prospectus f a reviv$ ,bodoni ,press at ,montagnola di ,lugano1 ,switz]l&1 ann\nc+ t ! exclusive use ( ! orig9al types ( ,giambatti/a ,bodoni has be5 giv5 !m by ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is w\ld seem to indicate t ! e>ly gov]nm5tal objections h disappe>$4 ,:ile se>*+ ar\nd to secure ! fulle/ set ( patt]ns1 ,i /umbl$ ^u ! fact t ,bodoni & ,didot _h bas$ _! types ^u ! same model1 & t ,didot _h made use ( 8 font p>ticul>ly 9 ! wond]ful editions publi%$ 9 ,p>is at ! v beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,i !n hurri$ to ,p>is to see :e!r ^! matrices 7 9 exi/5ce4 ,!re1 aft] a se>* ?r\gh ! f\ndries1 ,i discov]$ ! orig9al pun*es1 long disc>d$1 9 ! f\ndry ( ,peignot1 to :om ,i gave an ord] to ca/ ! diff]5t sizes ( type1 :i* ,i _h %ipp$ to ,am]ica4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ type bas$ on ?is model ev] to come into ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,bodoni face has s9ce be5 recut by typef\nd]s z well z = ! typesett+ ma*9es1 & is today "o ( ! mo/ popul> faces 9 common use4 ,p]sonally ,i pref] ! ,bodoni lett] to t ( ,didot 7see opp4 page74 ,! ,fr5*man succumb$ to ! elegance ( 8 p]iod1 & by light5+ ! ?9 l9es robb$ ! design ( ! virility t ,bodoni reta9$4 ,i am n 9 sympa?y ) ! excessive height ( ! asc5d+ lett]s1 :i* frequ5tly ext5d beyond ! capitals2 b :5 "o consid]s h[ radical a dep>ture f prec$5t ?is type 01 he mu/ admire ! skill & c\rage ( ! design]s4 ,william ,morris c>$ little = x1--8,! swelt]+ hide\sness ( ! ,bodoni lett]10 he exclaim$2 8! mo/ illegible type t 0 ev] cut1 ) its prepo/]\s ?icks & ?9s02 :ile ,!odore ,l4 ,de ,v9ne1 9 8 ,practice ( ,typography1 writes3 ,! beauty ( ! ,bodoni lett]s consi/s 9 _! regul>ity1 9 _! cle>ness1 & 9 _! con=mity to ! ta/e ( ! race1 nation1 & age 9 :i* ! "w 0 fir/ writt51 & f9ally 9 ! grace ( ! *>act]s1 indep5d5t ( "t or place4 ,:5 au?orities diff] to su* a wide ext5t1 ! /ud5t ( type design mu/ draw 8 own conclusions6 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,bodoni ,lett] 7bottom7 comp>$ ) ! ,didot ,lett] 7top7 99 99 99 99 99 ,flet*]'s idea ( an appo9tm5t 0 some?+ to be kept if or :5 conv5i5t1 yet he nev] seem$ to (f5d any "o4 ,he did no?+ he did n wi% to d1 & 8 me?ods ( extricat+ himself f unwelcome responsibilities always amus$ r ?an annoy$4 8,if y don't want to d a ?+ v badly10 he confid$ to me on "o su* occasion1 8d x v badly40 ,illu/ration3 ,,horace ,,flet*] ,,9 #aiae ,on bo>d ! ,canopic ,flet*] 0 surr\nd$ by an admir+ & int]e/$ gr\p4 ,g5]al ,leon>d ,wood 0 on 8 way to /udy colonial gov]nm5t abroad be=e tak+ up 8 fir/ adm9i/ration z ,gov]nor ( ! ,philipp9es4 ,on 8 /aff 0 ,g5]al ,hugh ,l5nox ,scott1 :o lat] succe$$ ,g5]al ,wood z ,*ief ( ,/aff ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,! conv]sations & discussions 9 ! smok]oom ea* ev5+ aft] d9n] 7 illum9at+ & fasc9at+4 ,g5]al ,wood _h b rec5tly complet$ 8 "w z ,gov]nor ( ,cuba1 & he talk$ freely ( 8 exp]i5ces !re1 :ile ,g5]al ,scott 0 full ( rem9isc5ces ( 8 extraord9>y adv5tures ) ! ,indians4 ,he lat] play$ an important "p 9 br++ peace to ! ,philipp9es4 ,x 0 at "o ( ^! f\r-corn]$ sessions 9 ! smok]oom t we fir/ le>n$ ( ,flet*]'s ambition to revolutionize ! _w 9 its me?ods ( eat+4 ,t he w\ld actually accompli% ?is no "o ( u believ$1 b ! fact rema9s4 ,! smok]oom /ew>d 0 s]v+ ! c(fee1 inquir+ ( ea* "o h[ _m lumps ( sug> he requir$4 ,flet*]1 to our amazem5t1 call$ = five6 ,x 0 a gr&-/& play 9 a way1 b he secur$ 8 audi5ce z completely z d ! tamb\r9es & ! s++ ( ! ,salvation ,army4 8,:y are y surpris$80 he dem&$ ) seem+ innoc5ce4 8,i am simply tak+ a c(fee liqueur1 9 :i* !re is less sug> n[ ?an !re is 9 y\r *>treuse or b5$ict9e4 ,b ,i am mix+ x ) ! saliva1 :i* is m ?an y are do+4 ,! sug>1 z y take x1 becomes acid 9 ! /oma* & ret>ds dige/ion2 by my me?od1 x is *ang$ into grape sug>1 :i* is easily assimilat$40 8,to insalivate "o's liquor10 he expla9$ to u1 8gives "o ! mo/ exquisite pleasure imag9able1 b x is a t]rific te/ ( quality4 ,x br+s out ! ri*ness ( flavor1 :i* is lo/ :5 "o gulps ! w9e d[n4 ,did y ev] notice ! way a tea-ta/] sips 8 tea80 ,z he talk$ he expos$ ! ignorance ( ! entire gr\p on physiological matt]s to an emb>rass+ ext5t1 cl9*+ 8 rem>ks by ask+ ,g5]al ,wood ! "q1 8,w\ld y engage z *auffeur = y\r automobile a man :o knew z little ab\t 8 motor z y "k ab\t y\r own human eng9e80 ,no "o ev] lov$ a practical joke bett] ?an ,horace ,flet*]4 ,i 0 a gue/ at a d9n] he once gave at ! ,graduates' ,club 9 ,new ,hav54 ,among ! o!rs pres5t 7 ,presid5t ,hadley ( ,yale1 ,john ,hays ,hammond1 ,walt] ,camp1 & ,pr(essor ,l\nsbury4 ,!re 0 consid]able curiosity & "s speculation conc]n+ :at w\ld con/itute a ,flet*] d9n]4 ,at ! prop] "t we 7 %[n into a private room1 :]e ! table 0 set ) ! sev]e/ simplicity4 ,in/ead ( *9a1 :ite crock]y 0 us$1 & ! *ief table decorations 7 ?ree l>ge crock]y pit*]s fill$ ) ice wat]4 ,at ea* plate 0 a crock]y sauc]1 conta9+ a %r$d$-:eat biscuit4 ,x 0 amus+ to glance ar\nd & note ! expressions ( dismay ^u ! faces ( ! gue/s4 ,_! wor/ appreh5sions 7 be+ confirm$6 ,j z we 7 well seat$1 ! headwait] came to ! door & ann\nc$ t by mi/ake we _h be5 %[n into ! wrong room1 :]eupon ,flet*]1 ) an inimitable tw9kle 9 8 eye1 l$ ! way into ano!r private d9+ room1 :]e we sat d[n to "o ( ! mo/ sumptu\s repa/s ,i h ev] enjoy$4 ,today1 tw5ty ye>s aft] 8 campaign1 x is almo/ =gott5 t ! ,am]ican breakfa/ 0 at t "t a heavy meal4 ,horace ,flet*] revolutioniz$ ! practice ( eat+1 & int]ject$ ! ^w flet*]ize into ! ,engli% language4 ,z a disciple ( ,flet*] ,sir ,?omas ,b>l[1 physician-9-*ief to ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii1 p]suad$ royalty to set ! /yle by cutt+ d[n ! =mal d9n] f ?ree h\rs to an h\r & a half1 ) a correspond+ relief to ! dige/ive app>atus ( ! gue/s4 ,9 ,belgium1 dur+ ! ,_w ,w>1 work+ ) ,h]b]t ,hoov]1 ,flet*] taught ! impov]i%$ p h[ to su/a9 !mselves ^u meag] rations4 ,among 8 admir]s & devot$ fri5ds 7 su* pr(\nd ?9k]s z ,william ,james :o1 9 response to a lett] f him1 wrote1 8,y\r excessive reaction to ! /imulus ( my grateful approval makes y rem9d me ( ^? ri* soils :i*1 :5 y tickle !m ) a /raw1 smile ) a h>ve/02 & ,h5ry ,james1 :o closes a lett]3 8,come & br+ ) y pl5>y absolution to ! ?ankless subject :o yet d>es light ! lamp ( gratitude to y at ea* day's end ( 8 life40 99 99 99 99 99 ,my acqua9tance ) ,h5ry ,james came ?r\gh my close association ) ! late ,sir ,sidney ,lee1 ! ,%akesp]ian au?ority1 & ,horace ,flet*]4 8,don't be surpris$ if he is brusque or uncivil10 ,sir ,sidney :isp]$ to me j be=e ,i met him at d9n]2 8"o c nev] tell h[ he is go+ to act40 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,i f\nd ,h5ry ,james a mo/ g5ial & enjoyable d9n] companion1 & nev]1 dur+ ! few lat] occasions :5 ,i _h ! pleasure ( be+ ) him1 did he display ^? *>act]i/ics ( ill humor & brusqu5ess :i* h be5 attribut$ to him4 ,x may n be g5]ally kn[n t all 8 life--until he met ,horace ,flet*]--he suff]$ torm5ts f *ronic indige/ion1 or t x 0 9 ,flet*]ism t he f\nd 8 fir/ relief4 ,9 a typically involv$ ,jamesian lett] to 8 bro!r ,william he writes 7,febru>y1 #aiji73 ,x is impossible save 9 a long talk to make y und]/& h[ ! bless$ ,flet*]ism--s extra bless$--lull$ me1 *>m$ me1 beguil$ me1 f ! fir/ into ! conv5i5ce ( n hav+ to drag myself out into et]nal walk+4 ,"o mu/ h be5 ?r\gh :at x reliev$ me f to "k h[ n suff]+ f "o's food all ! :ile1 aft] hav+ suff]$ all "o's life1 & at la/ hav+ x cease & vani%1 c\ld make "o joy\sly & extravagantly relegate all out-(-door motion to a m & m casual & negligible importance4 ,to live )\t ! hell goad ( ne$+ to walk1 ) "t = read+ & indoor pursuits1--a delici\s1 insidi\s bribe6 ,s1 m & m1 ,i gave up locomotion1 & at la/ almo/ completely4 ,a ye> & a half ago ! ?oracic worry began4 ,walk+ seem$ to make x worse1 te/$ by %ort spurts4 ,s ,i ?\ght non-walk+ m & m ! rem$y1 & appli$ x m & m1 & ate less & less1 naturally4 ,my he>t 0 really disgu/$ all ! :ile at my hav+ ceas$ to call ^u x4 ,i h begun to d s aga91 & ) ! mo/ lum9\s response4 ,i am bett] ! second half h\r ( my walk ?an ! fir/1 & bett] ! ?ird ?an ! second4444 ,i am1 9 %ort1 return+1 aft] an int]val deplorably long & fallaci\s1 to a due am\nt ( reasonable ex]cise & a due am\nt ( food = ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,page f an ,autograph ,lett] f ,h5ry ,james to ,horace ,flet*] ,my "o visit to ,lamb ,h\se 0 9 company ) ,horace ,flet*]4 ,! meet+ ) ,h5ry ,james at d9n] _h correct$ sev]al preconceiv$ ideas & confirm$ o!rs4 ,"s writ]s are reveal$ by _! books1 o!rs conceal !mselves 9 _! fictional prototypes4 ,x _h always be5 a "q 9 my m9d :e!r ,h5ry ,james gave to 8 /ories 8 own p]sonality or receiv$ 8 p]sonality f 8 /ories4 ,?is visit settl$ my d\bts4 ,! home 0 a p]fect expression ( ! ho/1 & possess$ an individuality no less unique4 ,i ?9k x 0 ,cov5try ,patmore :o *ri/5$ x 8a jewel set 9 ! pla910--locat$ z x 0 at ! ris+ end ( "o ( ^? me&]+ /reets ( ,rye1 9 ,sussex1 ,engl&1 ,georgian 9 l9e & p]fect 9 appo9tm5t4 ,9 receiv+ u1 ,h5ry ,james gave "o ! impression ( p]=m+ a long-e/abli%$ ritual4 ,he _h be5 read+ 9 ! g>d51 & :5 we arriv$ he came out into ! hall ) h& ext5d$1 express+ a massive cordiality4 8,welcome to my belov$ ,flet*]10 he cri$2 & z he grasp$ my h& he said1 z if by way ( explanation1 8,he sav$ my life1 y "k1 & :at is m1 he improv$ my disposition4 ,by rights he %\ld receive all my future royalties1--b ,i d\bt if he does60 ,8 conv]sation 0 mu* m intelligible ?an 8 books4 ,x 0 pond]\s1 b e n[ & !n a subtle humor reliev$ ! impression t he felt himself on exhibition4 ,"o c\ld see t he 0 accu/om$ to play ! lion2 b ) ,flet*] pres5t1 t[>d :om he evid5tly felt a deep obligation1 he talk$ intimately ( himself & ( ! h&icap 8 /oma* infelicities _h prov$ 9 8 "w4 ,! joy ) :i* he proclaim$ 8 emancipation %[$ ! real man1--a ,h5ry ,james unkn[n to 8 *>act]s or to 8 public4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ,william ,james _h n tak5 up sci5ce z a pr(ession & ?us become a philosoph]1 he w\ld h be5 a pr9t]4 ,no o!r comm]cial pursuit s invit$ him z 8! honorable1 honor$1 & productive bus9ess ( pr9t+10 z he express$ x 9 a lett] to 8 "m 9 #ahfc4 ,naturally1 ) su* a conception ( ! practice ( book manufacture1 he 0 always p>ticul>ly conc]n$ ) ! physical =mat ( 8 volumes4 ,he once told me t my ability to translate 8 8fool ideas0 into type %[$ ! b5efit ( a ,h>v>d education6 ,he _h no pati5ce ) any lapse on ! "p ( ! pro(read]1 & :5 ! galleys ( 8 books rea*$ ?is po9t 9 ! manufacture ev5 my mo/ exp]i5c$ read]s 7 on ! anxi\s seat4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he 0 g5]\s 9 8 appreciation :5 a pro(read] call$ 8 att5tion to "s slip 9 8 copy t he _h ov]look$4 ,aft] 8 volume ,pragmatism appe>$ & creat$ su* univ]sal att5tion1 a s]ies ( 8popul>0 lectures on ! subject 0 ann\nc$ at ,cambridge4 ,! ,h>p]s _h j publi%$ a novel ( m9e entitl$ ,! ,spell1 9 connection ) :i* ,i _h devot$ mu* "t to ! /udy ( humanism & ! humani/s ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,because ( my famili>ity ) a k9dr$ subject1 ,i mu/ confess to a s5se ( mortification t 9 read+ ,pragmatism ,i f\nd myself beyond my dep?4 ,a 8popul>0 pres5tation appeal$ to me z an opportunity = intellectual developm5t1 s ,i att5d$ ! fir/ lecture1 arm$ ) p5cil & notebook4 ,aft]w>ds x s happ5$ t ,pr(essor ,james 0 on ! trolley c> :5 ,i bo>d$ x at ,h>v>d ,squ>e1 & ,i sat d[n beside him4 8,i 0 surpris$ to see y at my lecture10 he rem>k$4 8,don't y get en\gh ( me at y\r (fice80 ,i told him ( my excursions into o!r philosophic pa/ures1 & ( my *agr9 to f9d s little 9 pragmatic fields ^u :i* my hungry m9d c\ld fe$4 ,he smil$ at my language1 & ent]$ he>tily into ! _s4 8,& today80 he inquir$ mis*iev\sly4--8,i hope t today ,i guid$ y successfully40 8,y did10 ,i decl>$1 op5+ my notebook1 & %[+ him ! entry3 8,no?+ is ! only resultant ( ! "o ?+ :i* is n40 8,t l$ me home10 ,i said sob]ly1 ) an int5tional d\ble mean+4 ,pr(essor ,james laugh$ he>tily4 8,did ,i really say t8 ,i h no d\bt ,i did4 ,x simply proves my cont5tion t philosoph]s too frequ5tly ex]cise _! pr]ogative ( conceal+ !mselves beh9d mean+less expressions40 ,two ( ,pr(essor ,james' typographic hobbies 7 pap] labels & z few words z possible on ! title page4 ,9 ! matt] ( supply+ scant copy = ! title1 he won my et]nal gratitude1 = _m a book1 o!rwise typographically attractive1 is ru9$ by ov]load+ ! title ) too mu* matt]4 ,?is is ! fir/ page t cat*es ! eye1 & its relation to ! book is ! same z ! door ( a h\se4 ,only rec5tly ,i op5$ a volume to a beautiful title page4 ,! type 0 p]fectly arrang$ 9 proportion & m>g91 ! decoration 0 *>m+ & 9 complete h>mony ) ! type4 ,x 0 set by an arti/-pr9t] & did him cr$it2 b turn+ a few m pages ,i f\nd myself face to face ) a r$-blood$ /ory ( we/]n life1 :5 ! title _h prep>$ me = some?+ z delicate z ,milton's ,l',allegro4 ,a r5aissance door on a ,new ,engl& f>mh\se w\ld h be5 equally appropriate6 ,i comm5d to ^? :o love books ! fasc9at+ /udy ( title pages4 ,i ent]$ ^u x f curiosity1 & quickly f\nd 9 x an abid+ hobby4 ,! e>ly manuscripts & fir/ pr9t$ volumes possess$ no title pages1 due probably to ! fact t ! h&made pap] & p>*m5t 7 s co/ly t ! sav+ ( a seem+ly unnecess>y page 0 a consid]ation4 ,! incipit at ! top ( ! fir/ page1 read+ 8,"h beg9ne?0 & !n add+ ! "n ( ! au?or & ! subject1 answ]$ e purpose2 & on ! la/ page ! explicit m>k$ ! conclusion ( ! "w1 & (f]$ ! pr9t] an excell5t opportunity to record 8 "n & ! date ( ! pr9t+4 ,mo/ ( ! e>ly pr9t]s 7 mode/ 9 record+ _! a*ievem5ts1 b 9 ! fam\s volume ,de ,v]itate ,ca?olic ,fidei ! pr9t] says ( himself3 ,?is new edition 0 furni%$ u to pr9t 9 ,v5ice by ,nicolas ,j5son ( ,france4444 ,k9d t[>d all1 b5efic5t1 g5]\s1 tru?ful & /eadfa/ 9 ! beauty1 dignity1 & accuracy ( 8 pr9t+1 let me 7) ! indulg5ce ( all7 "n him ! fir/ 9 ! :ole _w2 fir/ likewise 9 8 m>vel\s spe$4 ,he exi/s 9 ?is1 our "t1 z a special gift f ,heav5 to m54 ,june ?irte51 9 ! ye> ( ,r$emption #adhi4 ,f>ewell 99 99 99 99 99 ,bibliograph]s cont5d t ! fir/ title page 0 us$ 9 a book pr9t$ by ,arnold ,!r ,ho]n5 ( ,cologne 9 #adgj4 ,9 ?is volume an extra leaf is employ$ conta9+ simply an introduction at ! top4 ,x has always seem$ to me t ?is leaf is m likely to h be5 add$ by ! pr9t] to correct a c>eless omission ( ! introduction on 8 fir/ page ( text4 ,occasionally1 9 ! humani/ic manuscript volumes 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 at ,flor5ce1 !re occurs a 8mirror0 title 7see opp4 page71 :i* consi/s ( an illum9at$ page made up ( a l>ge circle 9 ! c5t] conta9+ ! "n ( ! book1 sometimes surr\nd$ by small] circles1 9 :i* are record$ ! titles ( ! v>i\s sections4 ,?is seems f> m likely to h be5 sugge/ive ( :at came to be ! =mal title page4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mirror ,,title ,f ,augu/9us3 ,op]a1 #adhe4 ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce ,by ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! title page 0 9 univ]sal use1 & pr9t]s %[$ great +5uity 9 arrang+ ! type 9 ! =m ( w9e cups1 dr9k+ glasses1 funnels1 inv]t$ cones1 & half-diamonds4 ,dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury great arti/s l ,dr]1 ,holbe91 ,rub5s1 & ,mantegna execut$ sup]bly engrav$ titles entirely out ( keep+ ) ! poor typography ( ! books !mselves4 ,9 _m ( ! volumes ! title page s]v$ ! d\ble purpose ( title & full-page illu/ration 7see pages #bbh & #bda74 ,:at spl5did examples w\ld h result$ if ! age ( engrav$ titles _h co9cid$ ) ! high-wat] m>k 9 ! art ( pr9t+6 ,z ! art ( pr9t+ decl9$1 ! engrav$ title 0 disc>d$1 & ! pr9t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury seem$ to feel x incumb5t ^u him to cov] ! entire page ) type4 ,if y recall ! e>ly examples ( ,am]ican ,colonial pr9t+1 :i* 7 bas$ ^u ! ,engli% models ( ! "t1 y w ga9 an excell5t idea ( ! grotesque t5d5cy ( t p]iod4 ,! ,elzevirs 7 ! only ones :o reta9$ ! engrav$ title 7page #bda74 ,! ,bask]ville volumes 7page #bdg71 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 %[$ a return to good ta/e & h>moni\s co-ord9ation ) ! text2 b !re 0 no beauty 9 ! title until ,didot 9 ,p>is & ,bodoni 9 ,p>ma1 ,italy1 introduc$ ! s-call$ 8mod]n0 face1 :i* is peculi>ly well adapt$ to display 7page #bec74 ,william ,morris1 9 ! late n9ete5? c5tury1 successfully comb9$ decoration ) type1--ov]-decorat$1 9 ! m9ds ( _m1 b 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! type pages ( ! volumes !mselves4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 at ! ,doves ,press1 return$ to ! extreme 9 simplicity & good ta/e 7page #bfe71 excell+ all o!r pr9t]s 9 secur+ f ! blank space on ! leaf ! fulle/ possible value4 ,"o ( ,cobd5-,s&]son's classic rem>ks is1 8,i always give great] att5tion1 9 ! typography ( a book1 to :at ,i leave out ?an to :at ,i put 940 99 99 99 99 99 ,! "n ( ,william ,morris today may be m famili> to booklov]s ?an t ( ,cobd5-,s&]son1 b ,i v5ture to pr$ict t )9 a s+le decade ! latt]'s "w z pr9t] & b9d] at ! ,doves ,press at ,hamm]smi?1 ,london1 w prove to h be5 a m det]m9+ factor 9 pr9t+ z an art ?an t ( ,william ,morris at ! ,kelmscott ,press1 & t ! g5]al v]dict w be t ,cobd5-,s&]son c>ri$ out ! spl5did pr9ciples laid d[n by ,morris m consi/5tly ?an did t great arti/-craftsman himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,j4 ,,cobd5-,,s&]son1 #ahda-aibb ,f ,et*+ by ,alphonse ,legros1 #ahic ,! /ory ( ,cobd5-,s&]son's life is an int]e/+ human docum5t4 ,he told x to me "o ev5+1 its significance be+ height5$ by ! simplicity ( ! recital4 ,at sev5te5 he 0 appr5tic$ to an eng9e]1 b he work$ less ?an a ye> 9 ! draft room4 ,he dislik$ bus9ess z bus9ess1 & began to read = ,cambridge1 ) ! idea ( ent]+ ! ,*ur*4 ,:ile at ,tr9ity ,college he read = ma!matical honors1 b ?ree ye>s lat]1 hav+ giv5 up all idea ( go+ into ! ,*ur*1 he left ,cambridge1 refus+ honors & a degree1 :i* he might h _h1 z a prote/ aga9/ ! competitive sy/em & ! 8w>p0 x gave to all univ]sity tea*+4 ,!n1 = sev5 or eight ye>s1 he devot$ himself to ,c>lyle & ! /udy ( lit]ature1 8,*iefly ,g]man philosophy10 he said1 8:i* is p]haps n lit]ature10 support+ himself by desultory writ+ & practic+ m$ic9e4 ,:5 he 0 ?irty ye>s old he 0 admitt$ to ! ,b>1 :i* pr(ession he ab&on$ ?irte5 ye>s lat] to become a manual labor]4 ,! foll[+ is quot$ f notes :i* ,i made aft] ?is conv]sation3 ,i despair$ ( k 9 a philosophical s5se1 yet ,i ye>n$ to d or to make some?+4 ,?is 0 ! basic idea ( my life4 ,at ?is "t x 0 gradually reveal$ to me t ! arts & crafts ( life might be employ$ to make society itself a "w ( art1 s\nd & beautiful z a :ole1 & 9 all its p>ts4 ,x is difficult to associate ,cobd5-,s&]son's really trem5d\s contributions to bookmak+ z an art ) 8 self-effac+ p]sonality4 ,if ,i _h met ! man be=e ,i _h become intimately acqua9t$ ) 8 "w1 ,i %\ld h be5 disappo9t$2 hav+ _h him int]pret$ to me by 8 books be=e ,i met him1 8 unique p]sonality prov$ a def9ite inspiration & gave me an entirely new viewpo9t on _m phases ( ! art ( typography 9 its application to human life4 ,9 p]son1 ,cobd5-,s&]son 0 ( slight build1 ) slop+ %\ld]s1 8 mo/ noticeable feature be+ 8 r$di% be>d t+$ ) gray4 ,he 0 n]v\s & %y1 & :ile talk+ seldom look$ "o squ>ely 9 ! eye1 yet at no "t c\ld "o d\bt ! absolute s9c]ity ( 8 e ^w & act4 ,he 0 hopelessly abs5t-m9d$4 ,invit$ to d9e ) me 9 ,london1 he appe>$ ! ev5+ be=e ! date set1 retir+ ov]:elm$ ) emb>rassm5t :5 he discov]$ 8 mi/ake4 ,on ! foll[+ ev5+ he =got ! appo9tm5t altoge!r6 ,lat]1 :5 9 ,bo/on1 he accept$ an invitation to d9e ) a lit]>y society1 b fail$ to appe> because he c\ld n rememb] :]e ! d9n] 0 to be held4 ,he _h mislaid 8 note ( invitation & c\ld n recall ! "n ( ! man :o s5t x4 ,on t ev5+ he da%$ madly ar\nd ! city 9 a taxicab = ov] an h\r1 f9ally end+ up at 8 hotel 9 absolute exhau/ion :ile ! memb]s ( ! lit]>y society d9$ )\t _! lion6 ,:ile presid5t ( ! ,society ( ,pr9t]s 9 ,bo/on1 ,i arrang$ = ,cobd5-,s&]son to come to ,am]ica to deliv] "s lectures on ,! ,ideal ,book4 ,among ^! 7 f\r giv5 at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! la/ lecture he came to my libr>y1 ?or\ghly tir$ out & completely disc\rag$4 ,seat$ 9 a great easy *air he rema9$ = sev]al mom5ts 9 absolute sil5ce1 re/+ 8 face ^u 8 h&s4 ,sudd5ly1 )\t a mom5t's w>n+1 he /raight5$ up & said ) all ! vehem5ce at 8 comm&1 8,i am ! v]ie/ impo/or :o ev] came to y\r %ores60 ,see+ my surprise & incr$ulity1 he add$1 8,i h come to ,am]ica to tell y p h[ to make books4 ,9 ,new ,york !y took me to see ! great ,morgan ,libr>y & o!r collections4 ,!y %[$ me r>e incunabula4 ,!y expect$ me to "k all ab\t !m1 & to be en?usia/ic ov] !m4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,i "k no?+ ab\t ! "w ( ! great ma/]-pr9t]s1 & c>e less60 ,my face mu/ h disclos$ my ?\ghts1 = he held up a re/ra9+ h&4 8,don't ?9k me su* an egoti/ z my words imply4 ,x isn't t at all4 ,x is true t ,i am int]e/$ only 9 my own "w1 b t is because my "w means some?+ m to me ?an ! books ,i produce4 ,:5 ,i pr9t a book or b9d "o x is because ,i h a message 9 my s\l :i* ,i am impell$ to give mank9d1 & x comes out ?r\gh my f+]s4 ,o!r m5 express _! messages 9 diff]5t m$ia1--9 /one or on canvas4 ,i h discov]$ t ! book is my m$ium4 ,:5 ,i b9d & decorate a volume ,i seem to be sett+ myself1 l a magnetiz$ ne$le1 or l an anci5t temple1 9 l9e & all squ>e1 n alone ) my own ideal ( society1 b ) t ord]ly & rhy?mical :ole :i* is ! revelation ( sci5ce & ! normal ( develop$ humanity4 ,y ask$ me a :ile ago to expla9 c]ta9 inconsi/5cies 9 my "w1 & ,i told y t !re 0 no explanation4 ,t is because ea* piece ( "w repres5ts me at ! "t ,i d x4 ,sometimes x is good & sometimes poor1 b1 9 any case1 x /&s z ! expression ( myself at ! "t ,i did x40 ,z he spoke ,i wond]$ if ,cobd5-,s&]son _h n expla9$ :y1 9 ! v>i\s arts1 ! "w ( ^? ma/]-spirits ( ! pa/ _h n be5 surpass$ or ev5 equal$ dur+ ! int]v5+ c5turies4 ,x is a matt] = consid]ation1 :5 ! _w has %[n su* spectacul> advance along mat]ial l9es1 t 9 pa9t+1 9 sculpture1 9 ar*itecture1 9 pr9t+1 ! "w ( ! old ma/]s /ill /&s supreme4 ,9 _! "t1 :5 m5 _h messages 9 _! s\ls to give ! _w1 ! int]pretation came out ?r\gh _! f+]s1 express$ 9 ! m$ium ) :i* ea* 0 famili>4 ,be=e ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ! masses receiv$ ^? messages directly f ! m>ble or ! canvas1 or f ! design ( "s great build+4 ,! pr9t$ book op5$ to ! _w a /oreh\se ( wisdom hi!rto unavailable1 & made individual ef=t less conspicu\s & !re=e less dem&$4 ,! few out/&+ figures 9 e art h be5 ^? :o1 l ,cobd5-,s&]son1 h set !mselves 89 l9e & all squ>e1 n alone ) _! own ideals ( society1 b ) t ord]ly & rhy?mical :ole :i* is ! revelation ( sci5ce & ! normal ( develop$ humanity40 ,x is :at ,cobd5-,s&]son has done r ?an 8 writt5 words1 t conveys ! greate/ message4 ,:ile ,!odore ,roosevelt 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & on ! occasion ( "o ( 8 sev]al visits to ,bo/on1 8 secret>y wrote t ! ,presid5t w\ld l to exam9e ) me "s ( ! special volumes ,i _h built4 ,i knew him to be an omnivor\s read]1 b until !n did n realize 8 deep int]e/ 9 ! physical side ( books4 ,he came to ! ,univ]sity ,press "o bitt]ly cold day 9 ,janu>y1 & ent]$ my (fice wrapp$ 9 a huge fur coat4 ,aft] greet+ him ,i ask$ if he w\ldn't lay ! coat aside4 8,( c\rse ,i w10 he repli$ briskly2 8x is j z easy to cat* hot z x is to cat* cold40 ,we devot$ ourselves = an h\r to an exam9ation & discussion ( c]ta9 volumes ,i _h produc$4 ,"o ( ^! 0 a small twelve-mo entitl$ ,trophies ( ,h]$ia conta9+ poems by ,jos-,m>ia de ,h]$ia1 br\ght out 9 arti/ic =mat = a ,bo/on publi%+ h\se1 :i* _h prov$ a complete failure f a comm]cial /&po9t4 ,probably n ov] two hundr$ copies ( ! book 7 ev] sold4 ,evid5tly "o ( ^! _h fall5 into ! ,presid5t's h&s1 = he seiz$ my copy eag]ly1 say+1 8,hello6 ,i didn't rememb] t y made ?is4 ,extraord9>y volume1 isn't x8 ,i want to %[ y some?+40 ,quickly turn+ to "o ( ! pages he po9t$ to ! l9e1 ,! hidd5 w>m? ( ! ,pol> ,sea4 8,:at d y ?9k ( t80 he dem&$4 8,did y ev] ?9k ( ! ,pol> ,sea z be+ w>m8 ,& by ,jove he's "r1--x is w>m60 ,lat]1 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,i accept$ 8 invitation = lun*eon at ! ,:ite ,h\se & = an aft]noon 9 8 libr>y1 :]e we cont9u$ our discussion ( books4 ,be=e we turn$ to ! volumes1 he %[$ me "s ( ! unusual pres5ts :i* v>i\s pot5tates _h giv5 him1 su* z a jade be> f ! ,tz> ( ,russia1 a revolv] f ,admiral ,togo1 & l9e draw+s made p]sonally by ! ,kais]1 %[+ 9 detail e %ip 9 our ,navy4 ,:5 ,i express$ surprise t su* exact k %\ld be 9 ! possession ( ano!r c\ntry1 my ho/ became s]i\s4 8,! ,kais] is a mo/ extraord9>y fell[10 he said delib]ately1--8n e "o realizes h[ extraord9>y4 ,he & ,i h correspond$ ev] s9ce ,i became ,presid5t1 & ,i tell y t if 8 lett]s 7 ev] publi%$ !y w\ld br+ on a _w w>4 ,?ank ,god ,i don't h to leave !m beh9d :5 ,i retire4 ,t's "o pr]ogative ! ,presid5t has1 at any rate40 ,i (t5 ?\ght ( ^! comm5ts aft] ! ,_w ,w> broke out4 ,an e*o ( !m came :ile ! desp]ate /ruggle 0 9 full =ce4 ,erne/ ,h>old ,baynes1 nature-lov] & exp]t on birds1 0 visit+ at my h\se1 hav+ d9$ ) ! ex-,presid5t at ,oy/] ,bay ! week be=e4 ,9 speak+ ( ! d9n]1 ,baynes said t ,roosevelt decl>$ t _h he be5 ,presid5t1 ,g]many w\ld nev] h =c$ ! w> at ! "t %e did4 ,:5 press$ to expla91 ,roosevelt said3 8,! ,kais] w\ld h rememb]$ :at he outl9$ to me 9 "s lett]s he wrote :ile ,i 0 ,presid5t4 ,bill kn[s me1 & ,i "k ,bill60 ,f ! libr>y we ext5d$ our exam9ation to ! family liv+-room1 :]e !re 7 o!r volumes ( int]e/ on ! tables or 9 ! bookcases4 ,f ^!1 ! ,presid5t pick$ up a h&-lett]$1 illum9at$ manuscript :i* he _h j receiv$ z a pres5t f ,k+ ,m5elik ( ,abyss9ia4 ,"s "o _h told him t x 0 a manuscript ( ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury1 b to a /ud5t ( ! art ( illum9ation x 0 cle>ly a mod]n copy ( an old manuscript4 ,! h& lett]+ 0 excell5t1 b ! decoration includ$ colors impossible to secure ) ! anci5t pigm5ts1 & ! p>*m5t 0 di/9ctly ( mod]n orig94 8,y are j ! "o to tell me ab\t ?is10 ,mr4 ,roosevelt exclaim$4 8,is x an orig9al manuscript80 ,he s obvi\sly wi%$ to receive an affirmative reply t ,i temporiz$ by ask+ if "s lett] ( description _h n come ) x4 8,oh1 yes10 he repli$1 imm$iately div9+ ! occasion ( my "q & %[+ 8 disappo9tm5t2 8!re 0 a missive1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ar*ives ( ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t4 ,i saw a translation ( x1 b x is only "o ( ^? banal expressions simil> to any "o ( my own utt]ances1 :5 ,i cable1 = in/ance1 to my imp]ial bro!r1 ! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria1 h[ t\*$ & mov$ ,i am to le>n t 8 c\s91 ! lady ) ! t5 names1 has be5 safely deliv]$ ( a *ild60 ,! ,presid5t 0 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( illu/ration1 & he %[$ me sev]al examples1 ask+ = a description ( ! v>i\s processes4 ,f t we pass$ on to a discussion ( ! v>y+ dem& f ! "t :5 ,i fir/ began to make books4 ,i expla9$ t ! developm5t ( ! halftone plate & ( ! f\r-color process plates _h be5 practically )9 ?is p]iod1--t prior to #ahij ! excessive co/ ( woodcuts1 /eel engrav+s1 or li?ography conf9$ illu/ration to exp5sive volumes4 ,! halftone op5$ ! way = pr(use illu/ration at m9imum exp5se4 ,! ,presid5t %[$ me an impression f "o ( ,timo?y ,cole's m>vel\s woodcuts1 & we agre$ t ! halftone _h nev] tak5 ! place ( any process t dep5ds ^u ! h& = execution4 ,! v p]fection to :i* ! art ( halftone reproduction has be5 c>ri$ is a dang] po9t 9 consid]+ ! p]man5ce ( its popul>ity4 ,?is does n apply to its use 9 newspap]s1 b 9 reproduc+ ) su* slavi% fidelity photographs ( objects p]petuat$ 9 books ( p]man5t value4 ,x seem$ p>adoxical to say t ! ne>] p]fection an art atta9s ! less int]e/+ x becomes1 because ! v v>iation incid5tal to h& "w 9 any art is :at relieves ! monotony ( t p]fection atta9$ ?r\gh me*anical means4 ,s9ce !n1 a few lead+ engrav]s h demon/rat$ h[ ! halftone may be improv$ by h& "w4 ,?is comb9ation has op5$ up new possibilities t gu>antee its cont9u$ popul>ity4 ,) ! trem5d\s increase 9 ! co/ ( manufactur+ books dur+ & s9ce ! ,_w ,w>1 publi%]s f\nd t by omitt+ illu/rations f _! volumes !y c\ld come ne>] to keep+ ! co/ )9 ! requir$ limits1 s = a p]iod illu/rat$ volumes became limit$ 9 numb] ,!re is no "q t ! public loves pictures1 & ! developm5t dur+ rec5t ye>s ( s-call$ newspap]s f :i* ! public gleans ! daily news by means ( halftone illu/rations1 is1 9 a way1 a rev]sion to ! "t be=e ! pr9t+ press1 :5 ! masses receiv$ _! education :olly ?r\gh pictorial design4 ,! popul>ity ( mov+ pictures is ano!r evid5ce4 ,i h always wi%$ t ?is phase _h develop$ at ! "t ( our discussion1 = ,i am sure ,mr4 ,roosevelt w\ld h _h "s int]e/+ comm5ts to make on its significance4 ,i l to believe t ?is t5d5cy w correct itself1 =1 aft] all1 ! pictures :i* are mo/ wor? :ile are ^? :i* we ourselves draw subconsci\sly f impressions made ?r\gh intellectual exploits ,,iv ,,! ,,lure ,,( ,,illum9ation ,sitt+ "o day 9 ! libr>ian's (fice 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 9 ,flor5ce1 ! conv]sation turn$ ^u ! subject ( illum9ation4 ,tak+ a key f 8 pocket1 my fri5d ,guido ,biagi unlock$ "o ( ! draw]s 9 ! anci5t wood5 desk 9 front ( him1 & lift$ f x a small1 purple vellum case1 inlaid ) jewels4 ,op5+ x c>efully1 he expos$ a volume simil>ly b\nd & simil>ly adorn$4 ,!n1 z he turn$ ! leaves1 & ! full spl5dor ( ! ma/]piece 0 spread out be=e me1--! m>vel\s delicacy ( design1 ! gorge\sness ( color1 ! magnific5ce ( decoration & m9iature1--,i drew 9 my brea? excit$ly1 & b5t ne>] to ! magnify+ glass :i* 0 requir$ 9 trac+ ! intricacy ( ! "w4 ,?is 0 a ,book ( ,h\rs illum9at$ by ,francesco d',antonio del ,*]ico1 :i* _h once belong$ to ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 & 0 repres5tative ( ! be/ ( ! fifte5?-c5tury ,italian "w 7page #adf74 ,! h& lett]s 7 writt5 by ,antonio ,s9ibaldi 9 humani/ic *>act]s ^u ! f9e/ & r>e/ p>*m5t2 ! illum9ation1 ) its beat5 gold & gorge\s colors1 0 s close a repres5tation ( ! jewels !mselves z to make "o almo/ believe t ! gems 7 inlaid ^u ! page6 ,& x 0 ! v volume t _h _m times re/$ 9 ! h&s ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 z x 0 at t mom5t re/+ 9 m9e6 ,= ! fir/ "t ! art ( illum9ation became real to me1--n some?+ m]ely to be gaz$ at ) respect & admiration1 b an expression ( arti/ic accompli%m5t to be /udi$ & und]/ood1 & made a "p ( "o's life4 ,! und]ly+ ?\ght t has inspir$ illum9ation 9 books f its v beg9n+ is m int]e/+ ev5 ?an ! spl5did pages :i* *all5ge "o's compreh5sion & almo/ pass beyond 8 p[] ( und]/&+4 ,to ! anci5ts1 z we h se51 ! r>e/ gems 9 all ! _w 7 gems ( ?\ght4 ,! book 0 ! tangible & visible expression ( man's intellect1 wor?y ( ! noble/ pres5tation4 ,^! true lov]s ( books engag$ scribes to write ! text 9 m9ium ( r>e brilliancy br\ght f ,india or ,spa91 or 9 ,byzant9e ink ( pure ,ori5tal gold2 !y select$1 to write ^u1 ! f9e/ mat]ial possible1--sometimes no?+ less ?an virg9 p>*m5t1 s(t z velvet1 made f ! sk9s ( /ill-born kids2 !y employ$ ! greate/ arti/s ( ! day to draw decorations or to pa9t m9iatures2 & !y enclos$ ?is glorifi$ ?\ght ( man1 n[ p]petuat$ = all "t1 9 a cov] devis$ sometimes ( tablets ( beat5 gold1 or ( ivory inlaid ) preci\s jewels 7page #aab74 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,ivory ,,b9d+ ,jewel$ ) ,rubies & ,turquoises ,f ,psalt] 7#ab? ,c5tury74 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,eg]4 ,,ms4 #aaci 7,r$uc$ 9 size7 ,= c5turies1 ?is glorification 0 prim>ily be/[$ ^u religi\s manuscripts1 & illum9ation came to be associat$ ) ! ,*ur*1 b by ! f\rte5? c5tury ! art ceas$ to be conf9$ to ! cloi/]4 ,weal?y patrons recogniz$ t x (f]$ too spl5did a m$ium ( expression to p]mit limitation2 & lay arti/s 7 employ$ to add _! tal5ts 9 increas+ ! illum9at$ treasures ( ! _w4 ,!re w\ld seem to be no reason :y s satisfy+ an art z t ( illum9ation %\ld n cont9ue to be employ$ to make beautifully pr9t$ books /ill m beautiful1 yet ev5 among ^? :o really love & "k books !re is a surpris+ lack ( k conc]n+ ?is fasc9at+ "w4 ,! art ( ,raphael & ,rub5s has be5 a "p ( our e-day life & is famili> to u2 b ! names ( ,francesco d',antonio1 ,jean ,f\cquet1 & ,jean ,b\rdi*on h nev] become h\sehold words1 & ! ma/]pieces ( ! illum9ator's art :i* /& to _! cr$it seem almo/ %r\d$ 9 a hazy & my/]i\s indef9it5ess4 ,i h le>n$ f my own exp]i5ce t ev5 fragm5t>y /udy br+s ri* rew>ds3--! int]e/ 9 discov]+ t in/ead ( be+ m]ely decorative1 ! art ( illum9ation is z def9itive 9 record+ ! tempor>y or fa%ionable cu/oms ( v>i\s p]iods z hi/ory itself4 ,!re is a satisfaction 9 le>n+ to di/+ui% ! *>act]i/ics ( ea* well-def9$ s*ool3--( recogniz+ ! frett$ arcades & mosaics ( *ur* decoration 9 ! ,romanesque /yle2 ! /a9$ glass ( ! ,go?ic ca!drals 9 ! s*ools ( ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 or ,italy2 ! love ( fl[] cultivation 9 ! "w ( ! ,ne!rl&i% arti/s2 ! e*o ( ! skill ( ! goldsmi? & enamell] 9 ! ,fr5* manuscripts2 & ! glory ( ! gem cutt] 9 ^? ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,!re is ! romance connect$ ) ea* great ma/]piece z x passes f arti/ to patron1 & !n on d[n ! c5turies1 commemorat+ loyal devotion to sa9tly attributes2 express+ fealty at coronations or congratulations at ,royal m>riages2 convey+ expressions ( devotion & affection f noble lords & ladies1 "o to ! o!r4 ,illum9at$ volumes 7 n ! play?+s ( ! common p1 & 9 _! p]egr9ations to _! f9al re/+ places 9 libr>ies & museums1 !y pass$ along a ,royal road & became clo!d ) fasc9at+ associations4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ,i ?\ght ,i knew en\gh ab\t ! v>i\s s*ools to recognize ! locality ( orig9 or ! approximate date ( a manuscript1 b ,i soon le>n$ my presumption4 ,illum9ators ( "o c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly ( ,france1 scatt]$ !mselves all ov] ,europe1 reta9+ ! basic pr9ciples ( _! own national /yle1 yet add+ to x some?+ significant ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y work$4 ,( c\rse1 !re are c]ta9 ext]nal evid5ces :i* help4 ,! vellum itself tells a /ory3 if x is peculi>ly :ite & f9e1 & highly poli%$1 ! presumption is t x is ,italian or dates e>li] ?an ! t5? c5tury2 if v ?9 & s(t1 x 0 made f ! sk9s ( /ill-born calves or kids1 & is probably ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5turies4 ,! colors1 too1 contribute _! %>e4 ,ea* old-"t arti/ gr\nd or mix$ 8 own pigm5ts1--r$ & blue1 & less commonly yell[1 gre51 purple1 black1 & :ite4 ,c]ta9 %ades are *>act]i/ic ( c]ta9 p]iods4 ,! application ( gold diff]s f "t to "t3 9 ,engl&1 = in/ance1 gold p[d] 0 us$ until ! twelf? c5tury1 aft] :i* date gold leaf is beautifully laid on ! %eet4 ,! rais$-gold lett]s & decorations 7 made by build+ up ) a peculi> clay1 aft] ! design _h be5 drawn 9 outl9e1 ov] :i* ! gold leaf 0 skilfully laid & burni%$ ) an agate4 ,z ! /ud5t applies himself to ! subject1 "o clue leads him to ano!r1 & he pursues 8 se>* ) a fasc9ation t soon becomes an obsession4 ,t *ance acqua9tance ) ,francesco d',antonio inspir$ me to become bett] acqua9t$ ) ?is art4 ,x took me into diff]5t mona/]ies & libr>ies1 always foll[+ 8! que/10 & lur$ me on to fur!r seek+ by le>n+ ( new beauties = :i* to se>*1 & ( new examples to be /udi$4 ,ev5 z ,i write ?is1 ,i am told t at ,*antilly1 9 ! ,muse ,cond1 ! ,trs ,ri*es ,heures ( ! ,duc de ,b]ry is ! mo/ beautiful example ( ! ,fr5* s*ool4 ,i h nev] se5 x1 & ,i n[ h a new objective on my next visit to ,france6 ,9 ?is que/1 cov]+ _m ye>s1 ,i h come to s+le out c]ta9 manuscripts z signify+ to me c]ta9 int]e/+ developm5ts 9 ! art dur+ its evolution1 & ,i /udy !m :5ev] ! opportunity (f]s4 ,x is ( ^! t ,i make a record "h4 ,"s might select o!r examples z bett] illu/rative f _! own viewpo9ts2 "s might draw conclusions diff]5t f m9e f ! same examples1--& we might all be "r6 ,!re is little = u to exam9e 9 our pilgrimage until ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 aft] ! conflagration 9 ! ye> #ecb1 :i* completely wip$ out ,con/ant9ople ) its magnific5t monum5ts1 recon/ruct$ & rebuilt ! city4 ,!re are two copies ( ,virgil at ! ,vatican ,libr>y 9 ,rome1 to be sure1 :i* are e>li] ?an t1 & =m l9ks 9 ! *a9 betwe5 illum9ation z illu/ration & z book decoration2 !re is ! ,roman ,cal5d> 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na1 9 :i* = ! fir/ "t is comb9$ decoration ) illu/ration2 !re is ! ,ambrosiana ,hom] at ,milan1 ( :i* an excell5t reproduction may be f\nd 9 any l>ge libr>y1--made "u ! sup]vision ( ,a*ille ,ratti1 be=e he became ,pope ,pius ,,xi2 !re are ! burnt fragm5ts ( ! ,cottonian ,g5esis at ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ,london1--none m ?an f\r in*es squ>e1 & runn+ d[n to "o in*1 "s p]=at$ ) holes1 & almo/ oblit]at$1 o!rs /ill pres]v+ ! anci5t colors ( ! design1 ) ! ,greek lett]s cle>ly legible aft] sixte5 c5turies4 ,^! are hi/orical & int]e/+1 b we are seek+ beauty4 ,9 ! spl5dor ( ! rebir? ( ,con/ant9ople1 to :i* all ! kn[n _w contribut$ gold1 & silv]1 & jewels1 m$ieval illum9ation f\nd its beg9n+4 ,arti/s c\ld n[ af=d to s5d to ! ,f> ,ea/ & to ! s\!rn %ores ( ,europe = _! co/ly mat]ials4 ,brilliant m9ium came f ,india & f ,spa91 lapis lazuli f ,p]sia & ,bokh>a1 & ! fam\s ,byzant9e gold ink 0 manufactur$ by ! illum9ators !mselves out ( pure ,ori5tal gold4 ,! vellum 0 /a9$ ) rose & sc>let t9ts & purple dyes1 ^u :i* ! gold & silv] inks contra/$ ) m>vel\s brilliancy4 ,gorge\sness 0 ! fa%ion ( ! times 9 ev]y?+ f ar*itecture to dress1 & 9 ! weal? & sumptu\s mat]ials at _! comm& ! arti/s mi/ook spl5dor = beauty4 ,! ,byzant9e figure "w is bas$ ^u models z rigid z ^? ( ! ,egyptians1 & %[s little life or v>iety 7opp4 page74 ,l&scapes & trees are symbolic & fanciful4 ,build+s h no reg>d = relative proportions1 & are t9t$ m]ely z p>ts ( ! g5]al color s*eme4 ,! illum9ators adh]$ s closely to me*anical rules t ! volumes lack ev5 individuality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,psalt] ,,9 ,,greek4 ,byzant9e1 #aa? ,c5tury ,solomon1 ,david1 ,gideon1 & ! ,annunciation 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ,,ms4 #aiceb4 #i #h in*es7 ,!re are comp>atively few ( ^! extravagant relics n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,_! intr9sic value made !m favorite objects ( pillage1 & hundr$s 7 de/roy$ = _! jewels & preci\s metals4 ,9 _m ( ^? t h endur$1 l ! ,codex ,arg5teus1 at ,upsala1 9 ,sw$51 ! silv] lett]s h turn$ black1 ! gold ink has become a ru/y r$1 & ! /a9$ vellum n[ supplies a tawdry backgr\nd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] pass+ ! e>ly /ages ( ! art1 !re are t5 examples ,i p>ticul>ly l to keep fre% 9 my m9d z %[+ ! evolution ( t insatiable desire on ! "p ( booklov]s ( all ages to enri* ! book4 ,f\r ( ^! are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ,london1 f\r 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ,p>is1 "o 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,san ,m>co 9 ,v5ice1 & "o 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y 9 ,flor5ce4 ,9 ea* ( ^! /oreh\ses ( treasure !re are _m o!r manuscripts wor?y ( all ! "t a pilgrim c sp>e2 b ^! t5 repres5t diff]5t s*ools & diff]5t epo*s1 & 9 my own /udy h comb9$ to make illum9ation a liv+ art & a romantic hi/ory4 ,! ,l9disf>ne ,gospels is :]e ,i />t my illum9at$ pilgrimage4 ,x takes me back to ! sev5? c5tury1 :5 ! _w 0 %r\d$ 9 d>ke/ ignorance1 & is a rem9d] t except = ! developm5t 9 ! ,iri% mona/]ies1 z typifi$ by e>ly illum9at$ volumes su* z ?is1 k ( books might h almo/ :olly disappe>$4 ,x recalls ! asceticism ( ^? e>ly ,iri% monks c>ri$ ev5 to a po9t ( fanaticism2 _! toilsome pilgrimages to ,rome1 visit+ ! diff]5t mona/]ies & collect+1 "o by "o1 ! manuscripts to br+ back to =m ^? e>ly libr>ies t kept alive ! light ( le>n+4 ,! ,iri% s*ool ( writ+ & pa9t+ pass$ ov] to ,engl& ?r\gh ! mona/]ies e/abli%$ by ! ,iri% monks 9 ,scotl&1 & ! e>lie/ ( ! ,engli% settlem5ts 0 ,l9disf>ne4 ,x 0 "h t ! ,gospels1 "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic examples ( ! ,celtic ,s*ool1 z translat$ to nor!rn ,engl&1 0 produc$4 ,su* k ( its date & orig9 z exi/s re/s ^u a colophon add$ at ! end ( ! manuscript1 probably 9 ! t5? c5tury1 :i* w\ld seem to place ! date ( ! execution ( ! "w at ab\t ! ye> #gjj4 ,= ne>ly two c5turies x rema9$ z ! *ief treasure ( ,l9disf>ne4 ,9 #hge1 s ! tradition runs1 9 ord] to escape f ! invasion ( ! ,danes1 x 0 decid$ to remove ! body ( ,sa9t ,cu?b]t & ! mo/ valu$ relics to ! ma9l&1 & ! ,gospels 0 includ$4 ,:5 ! attempt 0 made to cross ov] to ,irel&1 accord+ to ! leg5d1 ! %ip 0 driv5 back by /orm1 & ! *e/ conta9+ ! preci\s volume 0 lo/ ov]bo>d4 ,"h is ! qua9t *ronicle3 ,9 ?is /orm1 :ile ! %ip 0 ly+ ov] on h] side1 a copy ( ! ,gospels1 adorn$ ) gold & preci\s /ones1 fell ov]bo>d & sank into ! dep?s ( ! sea4 ,accord+ly1 aft] a little :ile1 !y b5d _! knees & pro/rate !mselves at full l5g? be=e ! feet ( ! sacr$ body1 ask+ p>don = _! fooli% v5ture4 ,!n !y seize ! helm & turn ! %ip back to ! %ore & to _! fell[s1 & imm$iately !y arrive !re )\t any difficulty1 ! w9d bl[+ a/]n4444 ,amid/ _! lam5tations 9 ?is di/ress1 at l5g? ! accu/om$ help ( _! pi\s patron came to _! aid1 :]eby _! m9ds 7 reliev$ f grief & _! bodies f labor1 see+ t ! ,"l is a refuge ( ! poor1 a help] 9 "t ( tr\ble4 ,=1 appe>+ 9 a vision to "o ( !m1 ,hunr$ by "n1 he bade !m seek1 :5 ! tide 0 l[1 = ! manuscript4442 =1 p]*ance1 beyond ! utmo/ !y c\ld hope1 !y w\ld1 by ! m]cy ( ,god1 f9d x4444 ,accord+ly !y g to ! sea & f9d t x _h retir$ mu* f>!r ?an x 0 accu/om$2 & aft] walk+ ?ree miles or m !y f9d ! sacr$ manuscript ( ! ,gospels itself1 exhibit+ all its out] spl5dor ( jewels & gold & all ! beauty ( its pages & writ+ )91 z ?\gh x _h nev] be5 t\*$ by wat]4444 ,& ?is is believ$ to be due to ! m]its ( ,sa9t ,cu?b]t himself & ( ^? :o made ! book1 namely ,bi%op ,eadfri? ( holy memory1 :o wrote x ) 8 own h& 9 honor ( ! bless$ ,cu?b]t2 & ! v5]able !lwald1 8 successor1 :o caus$ x to be adorn$ ) gold & preci\s /ones2 & ,sa9t ,billfri? ! an*orite1 :o1 obey+ ) skill$ h&s ! wi%es ( 8 sup]ior1 a*iev$ an excell5t "w4 ,= he excell$ 9 ! goldsmi?'s art4 ,?is quotation f ,mr4 ,eric ,george ,mill>'s ,introduction to ! facsimile reproduction ( ?is fam\s manuscript1 publi%$ by ! ,briti% ,museum1 is giv5 at su* l5g? to emphasize at ! v beg9n+ ( ?is pilgrimage ! important place giv5 to ^! manuscripts 9 ! communities = :i* !y 7 prep>$4 ,! fact t su* a leg5d exi/s at all atte/s ! p]sonality ! manuscript _h assum$4 ,x 0 my v great pleasure1 ! la/ "t ,i /udi$ ! ,gospels1 to h ,mr4 ,mill>1 :o is an ,assi/ant 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,manuscripts at ! ,briti% ,museum1 expla9 _m ?+s 9 connection ) x :i* c\ld n be glean$ )\t ! exhau/ive /udy :i* he has giv5 to x4 ,! ,gospels includes #beh leaves ( heavy vellum1 measur+ ab\t #ac by #aj in*es4 ,! ,lat9 text is writt5 9 beautifully design$1 semi-uncial *>act]s4 ,^! diff] f ! capital lett]s only by _! relatively great] r\ndness1 incl9ation1 & inequality 9 height4 ,?is /yle ( lett]+ obta9$ until ! eigh? or n9? c5tury1 :5 ! semi-uncial "* became ! transition to ! m9uscule4 ,!re are five full pages ( decoration1 9 cruci=m design ( mo/ extraord9>y elaboration2 six pages ( ornam5t$ text2 f\r full-page m9iatures ( ! ,evangeli/s1 9 :i* ! scribes are drawn 9 pr(ile1 seat$1 ) cu%ion1 desk1 & foot/ool2 sixte5 pages ( ,canon tables1 decorat$ 9 pure ,celtic /yle2 & num]\s initials ( v>i\s sizes4 ,! great int]e/ 9 ?is manuscript lies 9 ! cruci=m pages4 ,:5 ,i fir/ saw !m ,i ?\ght ! "w a m>vel\s example ( ! am\nt ( intricate design an arti/ c\ld devise )9 a giv5 area ( space4 ,!n1 z ,i /udi$ !m1 came ! realization t1 complicat$ z !y 71 !re 0 a def9ite plan ! arti/ _h e/abli%$ & foll[$ :i* pres]v$ ! balance ( color+ & design4 ,9 ! illu/ration "h giv5 7page #abd71 ,mr4 ,mill> %[$ me h[ he has +5i\sly unravel$ ! knots4 ,x is peculi>ly int]e/+ z x demon/rates ! me?ods by :i* ! exp]t is able to und]/& mu* t ! casual obs]v] fails to see4 ,he po9t$ out t ! backgr\nd ( ! page is occupi$ by a design ( no less ?an #hh birds1 arrang$ 9 a p]fect patt]n1 ) #g at ! top1 #g at ! bottom1 #i on ea* side1 #ab 9 ! gaps betwe5 ! out] panels1 f\r gr\ps ( #aj surr\nd+ ! rectangul> panels1 & #d s+le birds 9 ! gaps betwe5 ! po9ts ( ! cross & ! ,t panels4 ,! necks & ! bodies are s clev]ly balanc$ t ev5 :5 at fir/ ! s*eme seems inconsi/5t1 fur!r exam9ation %[s t ! arti/ adh]$ religi\sly to 8 plan4 ,! color arrangem5t is c>ri$ out ) equal ?\ght & c>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l9disf>ne ,,gospels4 ,celtic1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #gjj 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,cotton ,,ms4 ,n]o4 ,d4 iv4 #ab #aj in*es7 ,! f\r m9iatures ( ! ,evangeli/s %[ ,byzant9e influ5ce1 b 9 ! features1 & ! hair1 & 9 ! frames1 ! ,celtic /yle prevails4 ,gold is us$ only on two pages4 ,! ,l9disf>ne ,gospels _c be call$ beautiful :5 comp>$ ) ! "w ( lat] c5turies1 b c we fully appreciate ! beauty we are approa*+ )\t becom+ famili>1 /ep by /ep1 ) :at l$ up to x8 ,9 ?is manuscript ! preci\s ,gospels 7 enri*$ by ! labor ( devot$ en?usia/s 9 ! mann] !y knew be/1 & ) an +5uity & indu/ry t /agg]s u today4 ,tak+ :at ! pa/ _h taught !m1 !y gave to x _! own int]pretation1 & ?us advanc$ ! art t[>d its f9al consummation & glory4 99 99 99 99 99 ,tak5 m]ely z an example ( illum9ation1 few w\ld %>e my int]e/ 9 ! ,alcu9 ,bible1 a ,c>ol+ian manuscript ( ! n9? c5tury2 b to any "o int]e/$ 9 pr9t+1 ?is huge volume at ! ,briti% ,museum _c be ov]look$4 ,9 ! eigh? c5tury ! ,iri% & ,anglo-,saxon mission>y arti/s transplant$ _! "w to _! settlem5ts on ! ,cont95t1 out ( :i* sprang ! ,c>ol+ian ,s*ool 9 ,france1--s nam$ 9 honor ( ,*>lemagne4 ,sacr$ compositions1 d]iv$ l>gely f ,lat9 & ,byzant9e s\rces1 7 n[ add$ to ! highly ornam5tal lett]s4 ,solid backgr\nds 7 ab&on$1 & h&some ar*itectural designs 7 us$ to frame ! m9iatures4 ,if y w exam9e ! ,alcu9 ,bible ) me1 y w note :at a trem5d\s advance has be5 made4 ,! manuscript is a copy ( ! ,vulgate said to be revis$ & am5d$ by ,alcu9 ( ,york to pres5t to ,*>lemagne on ! occasion ( t mon>*'s coronation4 ,"s dispute ?is tradition altoge!r2 "s claim t a simil> ,bible1 n[ 9 ,rome1 is entitl$ to ! honor2 b ! controv]sy does n detract f ! int]e/ 9 ! book itself4 ,?is ,alcu9 ( ,york 0 ! in/rum5t ( ,*>lemagne 9 e/abli%+ ! re=m 9 h& lett]+1 :i* has be5 ( ! utmo/ importance 9 ! hi/ory ( pr9t+4 ,/>t+ ) ! f\ndation ( ! ,s*ool ( ,t\rs 9 #gif1 ! m9uscule1 or l[]-case lett]1 :i* is ! basis ( our mod]n /yles1 sup]s$$ all o!r =ms ( h& lett]+4 ,by ! twelf? c5tury ! cle>1 free-fl[+ =m t develop$ f ! ,c>ol9e m9uscule 0 ! mo/ beautiful h& ev] develop$1 & 0 nev] surpass$ until ! humani/ic scribes ( ! fifte5? c5tury took x 9 its ,italian =m z _! model & p]fect$ x4 ,! volume is a l>ge qu>to1 #bj by #ad in*es 9 size1 spl5didly writt5 9 d\ble column 9 m9uscule *>act]s ) uncial initials 7opp4 page74 ,!re are f\r full-page illum9ations1 & _m small] m9iatures1 ) *>act]i/ic ar*itectural detail t %[ ,roman influ5ce1 :ile ! decorations !mselves are rem9isc5t ( ! ,byzant9e & ! ,celtic ,s*ools4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alcu9 ,,bible4 ,c>ol+ian1 #i? ,c5tury ,%[+ ! ,c>ol9e ,m9uscule 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ,,ms4 #ajedf4 #bj #ad in*es7 ,x is ! h& lett]+ r ?an ! illum9ation or ! decoration t p>ticul>ly int]e/s me4 ,:5 ,i fir/ began my "w 9 design+ my ,humani/ic type1 ,i 0 amaz$ t ! humani/ic scribes ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ^u ^: lett]s ,i bas$ my own1 c\ld h s sudd5ly tak5 su* a /ride =w>d4 ,! m]e fact t !re 0 a great] dem& = _! "w did n seem to expla9 ! ph5om5on4 ,!n ,i discov]$ t ^! fifte5?-c5tury arti/s1 in/ead ( adapt+ or copy+ ! ,c>ol9e m9uscule1 set ab\t to p]fect x4 ,!y ma/]$ ! pr9ciples ^u :i* x 0 bas$1 & ) ! te*nical advantages t _h come to !m ?r\gh ! int]v5+ c5turies1 br\ght ! design to its fulle/ beauty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to supplem5t my /udy ( ! ,alcu9 ,bible1 ,i turn to ! ma/]piece ( ! ,c>ol+ian ,s*ool 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ,p>is4 ,! ,gold5 ,gospels ( ,sa9t ,md>d belongs to ! same p]iod z ! ,alcu9 ,bible1 & its h& lett]s are ( ! same beautiful design1 b m brilliant 9 t !y are writt5 ?r\gh\t 9 gold4 ,9 spite ( ! crude & unnatural figures1 ,i am always impress$ ) a feel+ t ! arti/ is1 = ! fir/ "t1 mak+ a def9ite ef=t to break away f pa/ tradition t[>d m natural design4 ,! ,byzant9e atmosph]e /ill cl+s to ! "w z a :ole 7opp4 page71 b 9 ! frames & ! backgr\nds !re is an e*o ( ! ivory c>v+ & ! ar*itecture ( ! new ,*ur* ( ,san ,vitale at ,rav5na1 & ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian symbolism ass]ts itself 9 ! m9iatures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold5 ,,gospels ,,( ,,/4 ,m,,d>d4 ,c>ol+ian1 #i? ,c5tury 7,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #hhej4 #ab #g in*es7 ,! h&-lett]$ pages are enclos$ 9 pla9 bord]s ( gre5 or r$ t9t1 ) outside rules ( gold4 ,ea* picture page cov]s ! entire leaf4 ,e n[ & !n1 sup]impos$ ^u ! solid backgr\nd ( ! m>g9s1 are t9y figures s f> sup]ior 9 fre$om ( design to ! major subjects z to make "o wond] :y ! m pret5ti\s ef=ts are n f>!r advanc$ ?an !y are4 ,yet :y %\ld we be surpris$ t an arti/1 "u ! influ5ce ( c5turies ( prec$5t & ! ev]-pres5t av]sion to *ange1 %\ld move sl[ly 9 express+ orig9ality8 ,z x is1 ! pages ( ,sa9t ,md>d give u = ! fir/ "t motivation = ! glori\s developm5t ( ! art to come 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! rise ( ,go?ic influ5ce =ms ! great divid+ l9e betwe5 ! old1 or ecclesia/ic1 & ! new1 or naturali/ic1 _s 9 mona/ic art4 ,! ,psalt] ( ,sa9t ,l\is1 a ,go?ic manuscript ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ,p>is1 is an example ( ?is transition t ,i l to /udy4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! initial--:i* 9 ! ,celtic /yle _h dom9at$ ! entire page--0 los+ its supremacy1 becom+ simply "o factor 9 ! g5]al s*eme4 ,a delicate fr+e "w or filigree ( p5 fl\ri%es1 :i* _h sprung up ar\nd ! initial z x became r$uc$ 9 size1 0 lat] to be conv]t$ into a t5dril or cyl9drical /em1 be>+ a succession ( five leaves & leaflets ( ivy1 usually entirely fill$ ) burni%$ gold4 ,small figures1 &1 lat]1 gr\ps ( figures1 take ! place ( ! l9e> ornam5t 9 ! int]ior ( ! lett]1 & calligraphy & m9iature pa9t+ become successfully fus$4 ,an exact date _c be assign$1 z x 0 ! result ( a sl[ & gradual gr[?4 ,f c]ta9 ref]5ces made 9 ! ,cal5d> pages ( ! ,psalt]1 x is evid5t t ! manuscript 0 copi$ & illum9at$ betwe5 ! ye> #abeb1 :5 ,que5 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ile di$1 & ! dea? ( ,sa9t ,l\is 9 #abgj4 ,:at a /ory ?is book c\ld tell6 ,writt5 9 ,fr5* 9 r$ ink on "o ( ! front end leaves is ?is inscription3 ,?is ,psalt] ( ,sa9t ,l\is 0 giv5 by ,que5 ,jeanne d',evreux to ,k+ ,*>les1 son ( ,k+ ,john1 9 ! ye> ( our ,ma/]1 #acfi2 & ! pres5t ,k+ ,*>les1 son ( ! said ,k+ ,*>les1 gave x to ,madame ,m>ie ( ,france1 8 daught]1 a nun at ,poissy1 on ,sa9t ,mi*el's ,day1 9 ! ye> #adjj ,! ,psalt] conta9s #bfj leaves ( p>*m5t1 #h by #f in*es4 ,( ^!1 sev5ty-eight are small1 beautiful m9iatures1 depict+ ! pr9cipal sc5es 9 ! e>ly books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & eight are illu/rations to ! ,psalms 7page #acb71 ! rema9+ leaves be+ occupi$ by ! text4 ,9 ^! m9iatures is %[n a ref9em5t & delicacy ( treatm5t comb9$ ) unusual fre$om 9 execution4 ,"h is "o ( ! be/ examples ( ! reflection ( ! /a9$-glass w9d[s ( ! ,go?ic ca!drals 7opp4 page71 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,!re is no %ad+ :atev]4 ,! body color is laid on ! design 9 flat t9ts1 f9i%$ by /rokes ( ! p54 ,illu/ration3 ,,psalt] ,,( ,,sa9t ,,l\is4 ,go?ic1 #ac? ,c5tury ,abraham & ,isaac 7,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #ajebe4 #h #f in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,,psalt] ,,( ,,sa9t ,,l\is4 ,go?ic1 #ac? ,c5tury ,psalms lxviii4 #a-c 7,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #ajebe4 #h #f in*es7 ,all ?is is int]e/+ because ?is p]iod m>ks ! end ( ! ne$less limitations illum9ators plac$ ^u !mselves4 ,work+ on vellum z a m$ium in/ead ( 9 glass ) lead outl9es1 %\ld be a mu* simpl] op]ation6 ,/ill1 "o c't help revel+ 9 ! bright sc>let & ! ri* blue ( ! /a9$ glass1 & w\ld be loa? to give x up4 ,! volume is b\nd 9 old bo>ds1 cov]$ ) blue & rose mat]ial emboss$ ) silv] & re9=c$ ) velvet4 ,! clasps are gone4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! /yle ( illum9ation 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury %[s no di/9ct national *>act]i/ics1 =1 ev5 9 ,engl&1 "s ( ! "w 0 execut$ by ,fr5* arti/s4 ,! initial is usually set )9 a frame %ap$ to its outl9e1 ! gr\nd be+ ei!r ( gold1 slightly rais$ or burni%$1 or ( color1 especially d>k blue & pale t9ts ( salmon1 gray1 or violet1 sometimes edg$ ) gold4 ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt]1 a sup]b example ( ! ,engli% ,s*ool 9 ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury1 is a l&m>k 9 our pilgrimage because1 9 addition to its surpass+ beauty1 x is an example ( illum9ation s\ght = its own arti/ic value in/ead ( be+ associat$ :olly ) devotional manuscripts4 ,no "o c exam9e ! *>m+ s]ies ( little t9t$ draw+s 9 ! m>g9s ( ! ,litany )\t be+ conv9c$ t ! arti/1 :oev] he may h be51 0 q famili> ) ! _w outside ! ,*ur* 7see frontispiece74 ,! e>lie/ note ( own]%ip 9 ?is manuscript is ( ! sixte5? c5tury3 ,?is boke 0 sume tyme ! ,erle ( ,rutel&s1 & x 0 8 wil t x %ulde by successi\n all way g to ! l&e ( ,rutel& or to him t l9yally suce$es by reson ( inh]itaunce 9 ! saide l&e4 ,h[ fasc9at+ ^! records are1 made by diff]5t h&s z ! preci\s manuscripts are pass$ on d[n ! ages6 ,ev5 ?\gh we h no absolute k ( :i* ,rutl& is meant1 an add$ p]sonality is giv5 to ! pages we are n[ p]mitt$ to turn & to admire4 ,9 ?is manuscript !re is also a second note1 writt5 9 ,lat9 on ! fly leaf at ! end1 pay+ a tribute to a c]ta9 ,baldw9 ,smi?1 8an hone/ cu/oms (fic]10 :o fru/rat$ an attempt to %ip ! volume out ( ,engl&1 & pres5t$ x to ,que5 ,m>y4 ,x is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,:e!r or n ?is 0 ,que5 ,m>y's fir/ acqua9tance ) ! manuscript is n kn[n1 b f ! b9d+ %e put on x %e surely consid]$ x a highly priz$ p]sonal possession4 ,x w\ld naturally be ( special int]e/ to h] because ( its connection ) ! old liturgy %e 0 s anxi\s to re/ore4 ,! silv]-gilt clasp fitt+s are miss+ n[4 ,! crimson velvet ) ! pomegranate1 ! ,que5's badge1 work$ 9 color$ silks & gold ?read on ea* cov]1 are worn & %abby2 b on ! corn] plates ! engrav$ lion1 dragon1 portcullis1 & fleur-de-lys ( ! ,tudors are /ill triumphant4 ,! manuscript1 execut$ ^u ?9 vellum1 & consi/+ ( #cbj leaves ab\t #aa by #g in*es1 op5s ) a s]ies ( #bbh p5 & ink draw+s4 ,9 mo/ cases !re are two designs on ea* page1 illu/rat+ ,bible hi/ory f ! ,creation d[n to ! dea? ( ,solomon 7page #acd74 ,) ! draw+s is a runn+ description 9 ,fr5*1 sometimes 9 prose1 sometimes 9 rhyme1 :i* 9 itself is int]e/+1 z ! /ory does n always conf9e itself /rictly to ! ,biblical records b occasionally embodies apocryphal details4 ,! draw+s !mselves are exquisite1 & 9 ! skill ( execution m>k ano!r trem5d\s advance 9 ! art ( illum9ation4 ,!y are delicately t9t$ ) violet1 gre51 r$1 & br[n4 ,! frame is a pla9 b& ( v]milion1 f ea* corn] ( :i* is ext5d$ a /em ) ?ree leaves t9t$ ) gre5 or violet4 ,foll[+ ! s]ies ( draw+s comes a full page %[+ ! ,tree ( ,jesse1 & ?ree o!r full pages depict+ ! ,sa9ts1--"o page ( f\r comp>tm5ts & two ( six4 ,! text1 f ?is po9t1 repres5ts ! usual =m ( ! liturgical ,psalt]1 ! ,psalms be+ prec$$ by a ,cal5d>1 two pages to a mon?1 & foll[$ by ! ,canticles1 includ+ ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 & !n by ! ,litany4 ,9 ! ,psalt]1 ! m9iatures %[ incid5ts f ! life ( ,*ri/2 ! ,canticles depict sc5es f ! ,passion2 :ile 9 ! ,litany are m9iatures ( ! ,sa9ts & ,m>tyrs4 ,! initials !mselves are elaborate1 _m conta9+ small m9iatures1 & all light$ up ) brilliant colors & burni%$ gold4 ,9 ! ,litany1 9 addition to ! religi\s subjects1 !re are spl5did little sc5es ( e-day life pa9t$ 9 ! l[] m>g9s :i* make ! manuscript unique1--illu/rations ( ! ,be/i>y1 tilt+ & hunt+ sc5es1 sports & pa/imes1 grotesque figures & combats1 danc]s & musicians4 ,! manuscript ends ) ! ,miracles ( ! ,virg9 & ! ,lives & ,passions ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,9 ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt]1 & 9 manuscripts f ?is p]iod to ^? ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 we f9d ourselves revel+ 9 %e] beauty4 8,:y n h />t$ "h80 asks my read]4 ,p]haps we %\ld h done s2 b ?is is a record n ( :at ,i ought to d1 b ( :at ,i've done6 ,to see "o beautiful manuscript aft] ano!r1 )\t be+ able to recognize :at makes ea* "o diff]5t & significant1 w\ld take away my pleasure1 = ! riot\s colors & gold w\ld m]ge "o into ano!r4 ,is x n true t !re comes great] enjoym5t 9 bett] und]/&+8 ,we admire :at we may n und]/&1 b )\t und]/&+ !re c be no complete appreciation4 ,9 ?is case1 famili>ity bre$s cont5t6 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,,m>y',s ,,psalt]4 ,engli%1 #ad? ,c5tury ,f ! ,life ( ,joseph 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,royal ,,ms4 #b;,b vii4 #aa #g in*es7 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] /udy+ ! be/ ( f\rte5?-c5tury ,engli% illum9ation 9 ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt]1 ,i l to turn to ! ,b$=d ,book ( ,h\rs1 to make comp>ison ) "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ,fr5* manuscripts ( a c5tury lat]4 ,?is is also at ! ,briti% ,museum1 s 9 ! brief space ( "t requir$ by ! att5dant to *ange ! volumes on ! rack 9 front ( me1 ,i am face to face ) ! romance & ! beauty ( ano!r fam\s volume1 :i* /&s z a memorial ( ,engli% dom9ation 9 ,france4 ,fa%ions *ange 9 illum9at$ manuscripts1 z 9 all else1 & books ( h\rs 7 n[ beg9n+ to be ! vogue 9 place ( psalt]s4 ,?is "o 0 writt5 & decorat$ = ,john1 ,duke ( ,b$=d1 son ( ,h5ry ,,iv1 & 0 probably a w$d+ gift to ,anne1 8 wife4 ,?is m>riage1 x w be rememb]$1 0 int5d$ to /r5g!n ! ,engli% alliance ) ,anne's bro!r1 ,philip ( ,burgundy4 ,on ! blank page on ! back ( ! ,duke's portrait is a record 9 ,lat91 made by ,john ,som]set1 ! ,k+'s physician1 to ! effect t on ,*ri/mas ,eve1 #adcj1 ! ,du*ess1 ) h] husb&'s cons5t1 pres5t$ ! manuscript to ! "y ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi1 :o 0 !n at ,r\51 on 8 way to be cr[n$ at ,p>is4 ,su* notes1 made 9 ^! lat] illum9at$ volumes1 are int]e/+ z f> z !y g1 b !re is s mu* left unsaid6 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance1 h[ came ! manuscript1 a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 9 ! possession ( ,h5ri ,,ii & ,ca!r9e de' ,m$ici1 ( ,france8 ,aft] be+ ?us locat$1 :]e 0 x = ! next hundr$ ye>s1 be=e x 0 pur*as$ by ,edw>d ,h>ley1 #b;d ,e>l ( ,ox=d1 f ,sir ,rob]t ,worsley's wid[1 to be pres5t$ to 8 daught]1 ! ,du*ess ( ,portl&8 ,^! are que/ions t naturally arise 9 "o's m9d z he turns ! gorge\s pages1 = x seems incr$ible t su* beauty c\ld rema9 hidd5 = su* long p]iods4 ,n[1 happily1 ?r\gh pur*ase 9 #aheb1 ! manuscript has rea*$ its f9al re/+ place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b$=d ,,book ,,( ,,h\rs4 ,fr5*1 #ae? ,c5tury ,%[+ "o ( ! sup]b ,m9iature ,pages 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ,,ms4 #ahhej4 #aj #g in*es7 ,l o!r books ( h\rs1 ! ,b$=d op5s ) ! ,cal5d> pages1 comb9+ ! signs ( ! ,zodiac ) beautifully execut$ sc5es typical ( ea* mon?4 ,!n foll[ f\r full-page designs %[+ ! ,creation & ,fall1 ! ,build+ ( ! ,ark1 ! ,exit f ! ,ark1 & ! ,t[] ( ,babel4 ,! ,sequ5ces ( ! ,gospels come next2 !n ! ,h\rs ( ! ,virg91 ) ,p5it5tial ,psalms & ,litany2 ! ,%ort] ,h\rs2 ! ,vigils ( ! ,dead2 ! ,fifte5 ,joys2 ! ,h\rs ( ! ,passion2 ! ,memorials ( ! ,sa9ts2 & v>i\s ,pray]s4 ,?r\gh\t ! #bhi leaves1 a little l>g] ?an #aj by #g in*es1 are ?irty-eight full-page m9iatures t are ma/]pieces1--p>ticul>ly ! ,annunciation1 ) :i* ! ,h\rs ( ! ,virg9 beg94 ,e page ( text is surr\nd$ by a magnific5t bord]1 ri* 9 colors & gold1 ) foliage & birds1 & ) ! da9tie/ little m9iatures imag9able4 ,:ile ^! bord]s are bas$ ^u ! ivy-leaf patt]n1 x resembles ! /yle t c>ries ! illum9ation ?r\gh ! leaf1 bud1 & fl[] up to ! fruit itself1 :i* "o associates m ) ! ,flemi% ?an ! ,fr5* ,s*ool4 ,! "w is really a comb9ation ( ! ,fr5* & ,flemi% ,s*ools1 b is ess5tially ,fr5* 9 its conception & execution4 ,x 0 ! cu/om1 9 ^! specially creat$ manuscripts1 to immortalize ! heads ( ! family by includ+ !m ) o!r1 &1 p]haps 9 "s cases1 m religi\s subjects4 ,9 ?is ,book ( ,h\rs1 ! ,duke ( ,b$=d is depict$1 clad 9 a long1 fur-l9$ g[n ( clo?-(-gold1 kneel+ be=e ,sa9t ,george1 & ! portrait is s f9e t x has be5 frequ5tly copi$4 ,! page :i* p]petuates ! ,du*ess is reproduc$ "h 7at page #acf74 ,clad 9 a sumptu\s g[n ( clo?-(-gold1 l9$ ) erm9e1 %e kneels be=e ,sa9t ,anne2 h] elaborate head-dress supports an artificial coiffure1 ri* 9 jewels2 on h] long tra91 h] two favorite dogs are play+4 ,! ,sa9t is clad 9 a grey g[n1 ) blue mantle & :ite veil1 ) an op5 book 9 front ( h]4 ,at h] left /&s ! ,virg9 9 :ite1 ) jewel$ cr[n1 & ! infant ,*ri/1 9 grey robe4 ,8 "m has ?r[n h] arm affectionately ab\t ,him1 :ile ,he1 9 turn1 beams on ! kneel+ ,du*ess4 ,9 ,8 h& ,he c>ries an orb surm\nt$ by a cross4 ,sa9t ,joseph /&s at ! "r ( ! backgr\nd1 & f\r angels may be se5 ) musical in/rum5ts1 appe>+ above ! arras1 on :i* is /amp$ ! device & motto ( ! ,du*ess4 ,surr\nd+ ! m9iature1 work$ into ! bord]1 9 addition to ! ,duke's %ield & arms1 are exquisite small] pictures1 9 ar*itectural backgr\nds1 %[+ ,sa9t ,anne's ?ree husb&s & h] sons-9-law4 ,! pages mu/ be se5 9 _! full color1 & 9 _! orig9al sett+1 to be appreciat$4 ,! manuscript is b\nd 9 r$ velvet1 ) silv]-gilt clasps1 be>+ ! ,h>ley & ! ,cav5di% arms1 & dates back to ! "t ( ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antiquities ,,( ,,! ,,jews4 ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 #ae? ,c5tury ,cyrus p]mits ! ,jews to return to _! own ,c\ntry1 & to rebuild ! ,temple ( ,j]usalem 7,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,franais #bdg4 #af #aa in*es7 ,9 ! ,antiquities ( ! ,jews1 ,jean ,f\cquet's ma/]piece at ! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ,p>is1 we f9d ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance ,s*ool4 ,?is manuscript int]e/s me = sev]al & diff]5t reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,f\cquet 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,fr5* ,s*ool ( pa9t+1 & _h 8 ma/]pieces be5 pa9t$ on canvas in/ead ( on vellum1 8 "n w\ld h be5 mu* m famili> to art lov]s ?an x is today4 ,! high degree atta9$ by ! art at ,t\rs1 :i* _h become ! c5t] ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ,france1 dem&$ a sett+ = ! m9iatures diff]5t f ! ,flemi% type ( decoration t _h s dom9at$ illum9ation 9 g5]al4 ,?is x f\nd 9 ! ,italian /yle1 :i* at t "t 0 fir/ atta9+ its glory4 ,! book itself 0 orig9ally b\nd 9 two volumes1 be+ a ,fr5* translation by an unkn[n writ] ( ,flavius ,josephus' ,antiquities & ,w> ( ! ,jews1 ! subject be+ ! clem5cy ( ,cyrus t[>d ! captive ,jews 9 ,babylon4 ,x is 9 folio 7a little l>g] ?an #af by #aa in*es71 writt5 9 d\ble column1 & conta9s sup]b initials1 vignettes1 & m9iatures 7page #ach74 ,! "w 0 begun = ! ,duc de ,b]ry1 b 0 left unf9i%$ at 8 dea? 9 #adaf4 ,lat] x came into ! possession ( ! ,duc de ,nem\rs4 ,c "o imag9e a m ari/ocratic treasure = a cultur$ g5tleman to own6 ,x 0 probably begun v e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & complet$ betwe5 ! ye>s #adee & #adgg4 ,a note at ! end ( ! fir/ volume 7:i* conta9s #caa leaves7 by ,franois ,rob]tet1 secret>y ( ,pi]re ,,ii1 ,duc de ,b\rbon1 /ates t n9e ( ! m9iatures are 8by ! h& ( t good pa9t] ( ,k+ ,l\is ,,xi1 ,jean ,f\cquet1 native ( ,t\rs40 ,= ov] two hundr$ ye>s ?is fir/ volume1 conta9+ ,books ,i to ,,xiv ( ! ,antiquities ( ! ,jews1 has be5 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,x is b\nd 9 yell[ morocco1 & be>s ! arms ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,! second volume 0 consid]$ lo/4 ,9 #aijc ! ,engli% collector1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,yates ,?ompson1 pur*as$ ! miss+ copy 9 ,london1 at a sale at ,so!by's4 ,?is conta9$ ,books ,,xv to ,,xx ( ! ,antiquities ( ! ,jews & ,books ,i to ,,vii ( ! ,w> ( ! ,jews2 b x 0 imp]fect 9 t a doz5 pages ( m9iatures _h be5 cut out4 ,two ye>s lat]1 ,sir ,george ,w>n] discov]$ t5 ( ^! fil*$ leaves 9 an album ( m9iatures t at "s "t _h be5 pres5t$ to ,que5 ,victoria1 & 7 9 h] collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,z soon z ,mr4 ,?ompson he>d ( ?is discov]y1 he begg$ ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii to accept 8 volume1 9 ord] t ! leaves might be comb9$4 ,! ,engli% mon>* receiv$ ! gift ) ! und]/&+ t he1 9 turn1 might pres5t ! re/or$ manuscript to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic4 ,?is graci\s act 0 accompli%$ on ,m>* #d1 #aijf1 & n[ ! two volumes re/ side by side 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 reunit$ = all "t aft] _! long sep>ation4 ,if books possess p]sonalities1 surely no int]national romance ev] (f]$ great] mat]ial = ! noveli/'s imag9ation6 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[ our pilgrimage takes u f ,p>is to ,v5ice1 to /udy t priceless treasure ( ! ,libr>y ( ,san ,m>co1 ! ,grimani ,brevi>y1 ! gem ( ! ,flemi% ,s*ool 7:i* %\ld prop]ly be call$ 8,ne!rl&i%074 ,?is /yle ov]lapp$1 di/9ctly1 into ,g]many & ,france1 & fur!r complicat$ any c]ta9ty ( id5tification by ! fact t ! numb] ( ,ne!rl&i% illum9ators 0 l>ge1 & !y scatt]$ !mselves ov] ,europe1 practis+ _! art & /yle 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,italy4 ,!y all work$ ) ! same m9ute c>e1 & x is practically impossible to id5tify absolutely ! "w ev5 ( ! mo/ fam\s arti/s4 ,!re has always be5 a "q :e!r ! *ief glory ( ! ,grimani ,brevi>y belong$ to ,hans ,meml+ or to ,g]>d ,van-d]-,meire1 b f a /udy ( ! comp>ative claims ! ,meml+ en?usia/s w\ld seem to h ! bett] ( ! argum5t4 ,int]nal & ext]nal evid5ce place ! date ( ! execution ( ! ,grimani ,brevi>y at #adgh to #adhi1--t5 ye>s be+ requir$ = its completion4 ,x is believ$ t ! commission 0 giv5 by ,pope ,sixtus ,,iv4 ,! ,pontiff1 h[ev]1 di$ be=e ! volume 0 f9i%$1 & x 0 left 9 ! h&s ( "o ( ! arti/s engag$ ^u x4 ,antonello di ,mess9a pur*as$ x f ?is arti/1 :o is suppos$ to h be5 ,hans ,meml+1 & br\ght x to ,v5ice1 :]e he sold x = ! sum ( #ejj ducats to ,c>d9al ,dom5ico ,grimani1 ^: "n x be>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grimani ,,brevi>y4 ,flemi%1 #ae? ,c5tury ,la ,vie au ,mois de ,janvi] 7,biblioteca ,san ,m>co1 ,v5ice4 #aj #i in*es7 ,?is ,c>d9al ,grimani 0 a man not$ n only = 8 exempl>y piety b also z a lit]>y man ( high repute1 & a collector ( r>e judgm5t4 ,:5 he di$1 ! ,brevi>y 0 bequea!d to 8 nephew1 ,m>9o ,grimani1 ,patri>* ( ,aquileia1 on ! condition t at 8 dea? ! preci\s manuscript %\ld become ! prop]ty ( ! ,v5etian ,republic4 ,m>9o c>ri$ ! ,brevi>y ) him to ,rome1 :]e x rema9$ until 8 dea? 9 #aedf4 ,9 spite ( 8 precautions1 h[ev]1 ?is & sev]al o!r valuable objects w\ld h be5 irretrievably lo/ _h n ,giovanni ,grimani1 ,m>9o's successor z ,patri>* at ,aquileia1 se>*$ = x1 & f9ally recov]$ x at great co/ to himself4 ,9 recognition ( 8 s]vices1 ,v5ice grant$ ,giovanni ! privilege ( reta9+ ! manuscript 9 8 possession dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,fai?ful to 8 tru/1 ,giovanni1 fe>+ le/ ! volume be aga9 lo/1 on ,octob] #c1 #aeic1 s5t = 8 great fri5d1 ,m>co ,antonio ,b>b>o1 ,procurator ( ,sa9t ,m>k's1 plac$ ! treasure 9 8 h&s1 & *>g$ him to deliv] x to ! ,doge ,pasquale ,cicogna 9 full ,s5ate4 ,?is 0 done1 & ! volume 0 /or$ 9 ! ,treasury ( ! ,basilica = safe keep+4 ,"h x rema9$ ?r\gh ! _m vicissitudes ( ,v5ice1 & ev5 aft] ! fall ( ! ,republic1 until ! libr>ian ,morelli p]suad$ ! au?orities to all[ its removal to ! ,libr>y ( ,san ,m>co1 :i!r x 0 transf]r$ ,octob] #d1 #agig4 ,:5 ! ,brevi>y 0 deliv]$ to ! ,doge ,pasquale1 ! ,republic vot$ to entru/ ! b9d+ to "o ,aless&ro ,vittoria4 ,! cov] is ( crimson velvet1 l>gely hidd5 by ornam5ts ( silv] gilt4 ,on "o side are ! arms & ! m$allion ( ,c>d9al ,dom5ico ,grimani1 & on ! o!r ^? ( 8 fa!r1 ! ,doge ,antonio4 ,bo? cov]s conta9 fur!r decorations & ,lat9 inscriptions1 relat+ 9 ! fir/ case to ! gift1 & 9 ! o!r to its confirmation4 ,9 ! small m$allions 9 ! bord] "o sees a bran* ( laurel1 ! emblem ( vigilance & protection1 cross$ by a bran* ( palm1--! symbol ( ! religi\s life4 ,! dove typifies purity1 & ! dragon /&s = def5se4 ,! volume itself conta9s #hca pages ab\t #aj by #i in*es 9 size4 ,!re are ! usual ,cal5d> pages1 conta9+ ! signs ( ! ,zodiac1 & fur!r decorat$ ) small m9iatures 7opp4 page71 alt]nat+ ) twelve sup]b full-page illum9ations 7page #adb71 %[+ ! occupations ( ! mon?s4 ,foll[+ ^!1 come ! ,pray]s1 ) sixty additional full-page m9iatures bas$ on ,bible hi/ory or ! lives ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,at ! end are eighte5 pages ) small] m9iatures assign$ to ! sa9ts ( special devotion1 plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! (fice d$icat$ to ea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grimani ,,brevi>y4 ,flemi%1 #ae? ,c5tury ,text ,page %[+ ,m9iature & ,decoration 7,biblioteca ,san ,m>co1 ,v5ice4 #aj #i in*es7 ,! m>g9al decorations ?r\gh\t ! book are wond]fully wr\ght4 ,"s pages are adorn$ ) p]p5dicul> b&s1 ) con/antly v>y+ color comb9ations4 ,arabesques ( all k9ds are us$1 & int]sp]s$ among ! ornam5tation are fl[]s & fruits1 animals1 birds1 fi%es1 & all k9ds ( natural objects4 ,9 addition to ^!1 "o f9ds little build+s1 l&scapes1 ar*itectural ornam5ts1 /atues1 *ur* ornam5ts1 frames1 vases1 cameos1 m$als1 & sc5es f ,bible hi/ory & f e-day life z well1--all %[+ ! g5ius ( ! arti/s :o put !mselves into ! _s ( _! "w4 ,:5 ! old ,campanile fell 9 #aijb1 "o corn] ( ! ,libr>y ( ,san ,m>co 0 damag$4 ,imm$iately telegrams p\r$ 9 f all ov] ! _w1 anxi\sly inquir+ = ! safety ( ! ,grimani ,brevi>y4 ,=tunately x 0 unt\*$4 ,! la/ "t ,i saw ?is preci\s manuscript 0 9 #aibd4 ,doctor ,luigi ,f]r>i1 ! libr>ian1 c\rte\sly took ! volume f its case & laid x t5d]ly on a l[ table1 ext5d+ to me ! unusual privilege ( p]sonal exam9ation4 ,?us ,i c\ld turn ! pages sl[ly en\gh to enjoy aga9 ! exquisite *>m ( its m9iatures1 ! beauty ( its color+1 & to assimilate ! dep? ( feel+ :i* p]vades x ?r\gh\t4 ,my fri5ds at ! ,briti% ,museum ?9k t 9 ! ,flemi% pages ( ! ,s=za ,book ( ,h\rs !y h ! f9e/ example ( ! ,flemi% ,s*ool4 ,!y may be "r2 b no m9iatures ,i h ev] se5 h seem$ to me m m>vel\sly beautiful ?an ^? 9 ! ,grimani ,brevi>y4 ,:5ev] ,i exam9e a beautiful manuscript1 & take delight 9 x1 ,i f9d myself comp>+ x ) ! ,italian ma/]piece ( ,francesco d',antonio del ,*]ico4 ,x may be t ?is is due to my dramatic introduction to t volume1 z record$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]4 ,its date is p]haps half a c5tury e>li] ?an ! ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany2 x is ( ! same p]iod z ! ,grimani ,brevi>y & ! ,antiquities ( ! ,jews2 x is fifty ye>s lat] ?an ! ,b$=d ,book ( ,h\rs1 & a c5tury & a half lat] ?an ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt]4 ,:i* ( all ^! magnific5t manuscripts is ! mo/ beautiful8 ,:o w\ld d>e to say6 ,9 all !re is f\nd ! expression ( art 9 its highe/ =m2 9 ea* ! individual admir] f9ds "s special feature--! beauty ( ! designs1 ! ri*ness ( ! composition1 ! w>m? ( ! color+1 or ! p]fection ( ! execution--t p>ticul>ly appeals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,book ,,( ,,h\rs4 ,italian1 #ae? ,c5tury ,by ,francesco d',antonio del ,*]ico 7,r4 ,lau4 ,bibl4 ,a%b4 #ahgd4 #g #e in*es7 ,:5 "o consid]s ! e>ly civilization ( ,italy1 & ! heights f9ally atta9$ by ,italian illum9ators1 x is difficult to und]/& :y ! int]v5+ c5turies %[ su* t>dy recognition ( ! art4 ,ev5 z late z ! twelf? c5tury1 ) o!r c\ntries turn+ out really spl5did examples1 ! ,italian "w is ( a di/9ctly inf]ior ord]2 b by ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! great revival 9 art br\ght ab\t by ,cimabue & ,giotto /imulat$ ! developm5t 9 illum9ation4 ,dur+ ! next hundr$ ye>s ! art became nationaliz$4 ,! ornam5t div]g$ f ! ,fr5* type1 & assum$ ! peculi> /raight b> or rod1 ) pr(ile foliages1 & ! sudd5 rev]sions ( ! curves ) *ange ( color1 :i* are *>act]i/ic ( f\rte5?-c5tury ,italian "w4 ,! m9iatures1 introduc+ ! new ,tuscan mann] ( pa9t+1 entirely re-fa%ion$ m9iature art4 ,! figure becomes natural1 well-proportion$1 & graceful1 ! heads delicate 9 feature & correct 9 expression4 ,! co/umes are c>efully wr\ght1 ! drap]y folds s(t1 yet elaborately f9i%$4 ,! colors are vivid b w>m1 ! blue be+ p>ticul>ly effective4 ,! v9e-/em /yle imm$iately prec$$ ! ,classic revival :i* came :5 ! ,m$ici & o!r weal?y patrons recogniz$ ! arti/ic importance ( illum9ation4 ,9 ?is /yle ! /ems are coil$ mo/ gracefully1 slightly t9t$1 ) decorative fl[]ets4 ,! gr\nds are m>k$ by v>y+ colors1 9 :i* ! arti/s delicately trac$ t5drils 9 gold or :ite4 ,! great glory ( ,italy 9 illum9ation came aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,aside f ! appreh5sions ( ! weal?y own]s ( manuscript libr>ies t !y w\ld lose pre/ige if books became common1 beyond ! dang] to ! high-born rul]s ( los+ _! political p[] if ! masses le>n$ argum5t f ! pr9t$ book1--^! true lov]s ( lit]ature oppos$ ! pr9t+ press because !y believ$ x to *eap5 some?+ t 0 s preci\s z to dem& protection4 ,s !y vi$ ) "o ano!r 9 enc\rag+ ! scribes & ! illum9ators to produce h&-writt5 volumes su* z _h nev] be=e be5 se54 ,c]ta9ly ! ,book ( ,h\rs ( d',antonio is "o ( ! m>vels ( ,flor5t9e art4 ,! n9e full-page m9iatures h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,no wond] t ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 lov] ( ! beautiful1 %\ld h kept x ev] beside him6 ,! delicate "w 9 ! small sc5es 9 ! ,cal5d> is z precise z t 9 ! l>g] m9iatures2 ! decoration1 ri* 9 ! v>iety ( its design1 really surpass$ ! spl5dor & glory ( ! goldsmi?'s art 7page #adf74 ,"s deplore ! fact t ,engl& lo/ ?is treasure :5 ! ,italian gov]nm5t pur*as$ ! ,a%burnham ,collection 9 #ahhd2 b if !re ev] 0 a manuscript t belongs 9 ,flor5ce1 x is ?is4 ,y may /ill see d',antonio's ma/]piece at ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 b x is no long] kept 9 ! anci5t wood5 desk4 ,! treasures ( illum9ation are n[ spl5didly array$ 9 cases1 :]e all may /udy & admire4 ,!re are heavy *oir-books1 classic manuscripts1 books ( h\rs1 & brevi>ies1 embelli%$ by ,lor5zo ,monaco1 ma/] ( ,fra ,angelico2 by ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1 ^: frescoes /ill make ! ,ricc>di fam\s2 by ,gh]ado1 & ,clovio1 & by o!r arti/s ^: names h long s9ce be5 =gott51 b ^: "w rema9s z an ev]la/+ monum5t to a dep>t$ art t %\ld be reviv$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,exp]ts1 ,i believe1 place ! "w ( ,jean ,f\cquet1 9 ! ,antiquities ( ! ,jews1 ahead ( t ( ,jean ,b\rdi*on 7probably ,f\cquet's pupil7 9 ! ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany2 b frankly ?is sixte5? c5tury manuscript at ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 9 ,p>is1 always yields me great] pleasure4 ,p]haps ?is is 9 comp5sation = n kn[+ too mu*6 ,i w agree ) !m t ! decorative bord]s ( ,f\cquet are mu* m int]e/+ ?an ,b\rdi*on's1 = ! return ( ! ,flemi% influ5ce to ,fr5* art at ?is "t 0 n p>ticul>ly =tunate4 ,9 ! bord]s ( ! ,grimani ,brevi>y realism 9 reproduc+ fl[]s1 vegetables1 bugs1 & small animal life1 w\ld seem to h be5 c>ri$ to ! limit1 b ,b\rdi*on w5t ! ,grimani "o bett]1 & on a l>g] scale4 ,! reproductions are m>vel\sly exact1 b ev5 a beautifully pa9t$ dome/icat$ onion1 on :i* a dragon-fly crawls1 ) w+ s delicately transp>5t t "o may read ! lett] x seems to cov]1 is a curi\s accompanim5t = ! magnific5tly execut$ portraits ( ,anne & h] patron sa9ts 9 ! m9iature pages6 ,"h ! arti/ has succe$$ 9 imp>t+ a quality to 8 "w t makes x appe> z if done on ivory in/ead ( vellum 7see page #adh74 ,! co/umes & ev5 ! jewels are brilliant 9 ! extreme4 ,! floral decorations %[n 9 ! reproduction opposite are f> m decorative ?an ! vegetables1 b ,i /ill object to ! cat]pill> & ! bugs6 ,illu/ration3 ,,h\rs ( ,,anne ( ,,brittany4 ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 #af? ,c5tury ,! ,education ( ! ,*ild ,jesus by ! ,virg9 & ,sa9t ,joseph 7,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #idgd4 #ab #g in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,,h\rs ( ,,anne ( ,,brittany4 ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 #af? ,c5tury ,page %[+ ,text & ,m>g9al ,decoration 7,bibl4 ,nat4 ,,ms4 ,lat4 #idgd4 #ab #g in*es7 ,9 #aejh !re is a record t ,anne ( ,brittany1 ,que5 ( ,l\is ,,xii1 made an ord] ( paym5t to ,b\rdi*on ( #ajej livres t\rnois = 8 s]vices 9 8ri*ly & sumptu\sly hi/oriat+ & illum9at+ a great ,book ( ,h\rs = our use40 ,?is consi/s ( #bch leaves ( vellum1 #ab by #g in*es 9 size4 ,!re are sixty-?ree full pages1 includ+ =ty-n9e m9iatures1 twelve reproductions = ! v>i\s mon?s1 & a leaf conta9+ ornam5ts & figures at ! beg9n+ & end ( ! volume4 ,( ! text1 !re are "s #cej pages surr\nd$ by bord]s4 ,! ,italian influ5ce %[s 9 ! ar*itectural & sculptural decorations1 j z ! ,flemi% obta9s 9 ! bord]s4 ,! manuscript is b\nd 9 black %agre51 ) *as$ silv] clasps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! "q naturally arises z to ! reason = ! decl9e & practically ! f9al ext9ction ( ! art4 ,i believe x to be t :i* ! pr9cely ,italian patrons =esaw4 ,_! appreh5sions1 ?\gh selfi% 9 motive1 h be5 confirm$ by hi/ory4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+ did make ! book common1 & z su*1 its true significance came to be =gott5 because ( great] famili>ity4 ,! book z ! develop] ( ! p 9 sci5ce & 9 lit]ature cr[d$ out ! book z an expression ( art4 ,i wond] if x is too late to revive illum9ation4 ,nev] has !re exi/$ 9 ,am]ica or ,engl& a ke5] appreciation ( beautiful books2 nev] h !re be5 s _m lov]s ( ! book bless$ ) ! f9ancial ability to gratify _! ta/es4 ,!re are /ill arti/s famili> ) ! art1 :o1 if enc\rag$1 c\ld produce "w wor?y ( ! beautifully pr9t$ volumes ! be/ ,presses are capable ( turn+ out4 ,:at is lack+ is simply a realization t illum9ation /&s side by side ) art at its be/4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ! opportunities = /udy+ illum9ation are re/rict$1 b a /ud5t w\ld h no difficulty 9 f9d+ 9 c]ta9 private collections & 9 a few public libr>ies m ?an en\gh to e/abli% 8 basic und]/&+ ( ! art4 ,! great ma/]pieces are p]man5tly plac$ n[1 & /rictly en=c$ laws prev5t national monum5ts f be+ fur!r transf]r$ f "o c\ntry to ano!r2 b ev5 ( ^!1 excell5t facsimile reproductions h be5 made & di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! _w ,no true lov] ( art visits ,europe )\t fir/ prep>+ himself by read+ & /udy = a full] und]/&+ & m p]fect enjoym5t ( :at he is to f9d 9 ! v>i\s gall]ies4 ,assum+ t no "o c be an art lov] )\t also be+ a lov] ( books1 x is p]haps a fair "q to ask :y he %\ld n make an equal ef=t to prep>e himself to und]/& & enjoy ^? ri* treasures 9 ! art ( illum9ation :i* are n[ s easily accessible ,illu/ration3 ,,h\rs ,,( ,,anne ,,( ,,brittany ,ord] ( paym5t ( #ajej livres t\rnois to ,jean ,b\rdi*on1 #aejh ,v ,,fri5ds ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,p5 ,maurice ,hewlett comb9$ to an unusual degree ^? sali5t *>act]i/ics t g to make ! great writ]3 he 0 a disc]n+ obs]v]1 & _h =m$ ! habit ( analyz+ :at he obs]v$2 8 p]sonal exp]i5ces _h taught him ! significance ( :at he _h se5 & enabl$ him to assess its valuation4 ,beyond all1--hav+ obs]v$1 analyz$1 & und]/ood1--he possess$ ! p[] to int]pret to o!rs4 ,at ! "t ,i fir/ met him1 ,! ,que5's ,quair 0 hav+ a trem5d\s run1 & ! volume naturally came into ! conv]sation4 8,9 spite ( its success10 he said ) mu* feel+1 8,i am disappo9t$ ov] its reception4 ,i h always want$ to write hi/ory1 b n ! way hi/ory has always be5 writt54 ,!re are c]ta9 acts attribut$ to ! *ief *>act]s :i*1 if ^! *>act]s are /udi$ analytically1 are obvi\sly impossible2 yet because a c]ta9 ev5t has once be5 record$ x keeps on be+ repeat$ & magnifi$ until hi/ory itself becomes a s]ies ( di/ortions4 ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 has always be5 my favorite hi/orical figure1 & ,i "k t 9 ,! ,que5s ,quair ,i h giv5 a tru] picture ( h] "* ?an any t at pres5t exi/s4 ,b alas10 he add$ ) a sigh1 8no "o accepts x z o!r ?an fiction40 ,aft] ?is /atem5t f him ,i turn$ aga9 to my copy ( ,! ,que5's ,quair & re-read ! au?or's prologue1 9 :i* ,i f\nd3 ,a hundr$ books h be5 writt5 & a hundr$ songs sung2 m5 en\gh ( ^! latt] days h brok5 _! he>ts ov] ,que5 ,m>y's2 :at is m to ! po9t is t no he>t b h]s 0 brok5 at ! "t4 ,all ! _w c love h] n[1 b :o lov$ h] !n8 ,n a man among !m4 ,a few girls w5t weep+2 a few boys laid d[n _! necks t %e might fall free ( ! mire4 ,alas1 ! mire swall[$ !m up & %e ne$s mu/ conceal h] pretty feet4 ,?is is ! note ( ! trag$y2 pity is involv$1 r ?an t]ror4 ,b no song ev] pi]c$ ! fold ( h] secret1 no book ev] f\nd out ! tru? because none ev] s\ght h] he>t4 ,"h1 !n1 is a book :i* has s\ght no?+ else1 & a song :i* spr+s f t only4 ,i wond] if e writ] 9 8 he>t does n feel ! same ambition4 ,! noveli/ is a /ory-tell] :o recites b$-"t /ories to 8 audi5ce ( gr[n-up *ildr51 :ile ! humori/ plays ! cl[n2 b 9 writ+ hi/ory "o is deal+ ) some?+ basic4 ,)9 a ye> a volume has be5 publi%$ conta9+ alleg$ docum5t>y evid5ce to prove t ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 0 innoc5t ( ! *>ge ( treason4 ,:at a triumph if an au?or ?r\gh "* analysis c\ld correct tradition6 ,x 0 a loss to ! _w t ,hewlett p]mitt$ himself to be disc\rag$ by unsympa!tic critics f c>ry+ out a really big idea4 ,to meet ,maurice ,hewlett at 8 home at ,broad ,*alke1 a little ,engli% village ne>ly t5 miles f a railroad /ation1 & to walk ) him 9 8 g>d51 "o might recognize ! au?or ( ,! ,=e/ ,lov]s2 b an aft]noon ) him at a ,london club w\ld develop ano!r side :i* 0 less himself4 ,in/ead ( discuss+ fl[]s & ,fr5* memoirs & biography 9 a delightfully :imsical mood1 ,hewlett's slight1 wiry figure became t5se1 8 mann] al]t1 8 eyes ke5 & wat*ful4 ,9 ! c\ntry he 0 ! dream]1 ! bohemian1 :olly deta*$ f ! _w outside2 9 ! city he 0 confid5t & det]m9$ 9 approa*+ any subject1 8 voice became crisp & decisive1 8 be>+ 0 t ( ! man ( ! _w4 ,8 e>ly life 0 m or less unhappy1 due p>tly to 8 precoci\sness :i* prev5t$ him f fitt+ 9 ) y\? ( 8 own age4 ,?is enc\rag$ him to rea* beyond 8 /r5g? & ?us f9d disappo9tm5t4 8,i 0 nev] a boy10 he said once1 8except possibly aft] ! "t :5 ,i %\ld h be5 a man4 ,z ,i look back on my y\?1 x 0 fill$ ) disc\ragem5ts40 ,! classics fasc9at$ him1 & he absorb$ ,dante4 ,!n ,%elley & ,keats %>$ ! place ( ! ,italian poet 9 8 he>t4 ,ev5 aft] he m>ri$1 he cont9u$ to gratify 8 love ( ,bohemia1 & 8 wife w&]$ ) him ?r\gh ,italy1 ) equal joy2 :ile 9 ,engl& !y camp$ out toge!r 9 ! ,new ,=e/1--! sc5e ( ,! ,=e/ ,lov]s4 ,! peculi> /yle :i* ,hewlett affect$ 9 _m ( 8 volumes result$1 he told me1 f 8 daily "w 9 ! ,record ,(fice 9 ,london1 z ,keep] ( ,l& ,rev5ue ,records & ,enrolm5ts1 dur+ :i* p]iod he /udi$ ! old p>*m5ts1 dat+ back to ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,9 ?is respect 8 e>ly exp]i5ce 0 n unlike t ( ,au/9 ,dobson's1 & j z ! "w 9 ! ,h>b\rs ,dep>tm5t fail$ to kill ,dobson's poetic f9esse1 s did ,hewlett rise above ! deadly gr9d ( anci5t records & ar*ives4 ,9 fact x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod t ,hewlett produc$ ,pan & ! ,"y ,%eph]d1 :i* conta9s no traces ( its au?or's ar*aic environm5t4 ,"o po9t ( sympa?y t drew u closely toge!r 0 our mutual love = ,italy4 ,my fir/ desire to "k ,maurice ,hewlett bett] 0 aft] read+ 8 ,e>?work ,out ( ,tuscany1 ,little ,novels ( ,italy1 & ,! ,road 9 ,tuscany4 ,i h always pref]r$ ^! volumes to any ( 8 lat] ones1 z to me !y h seem$ m spontane\s & m g5u9e expressions ( himself4 ,we 7 talk+ ab\t ,italy1 "o day1 :5 he made a rem>k :i* caus$ me to sugge/ t :at he said 0 ! expression ( a mod]n humani/4 ,hewlett 0 obvi\sly surpris$ yet pleas$ by my use ( ?is expression4 8,i don't (t5 meet any "o int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( humanism10 he said4 8,x is "o ( my hobbies40 ,i expla9$ my association ) ,doctor ,guido ,biagi1 libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y at ,flor5ce1 & ! "w ,i _h done !re 9 connection ) my designs = a special face ( type1 bas$ ^u ! beautiful h& lett]s ( ! humani/ic scribes 7see page #af74 ,) t introduction we discuss$ ! great importance ( ! humani/ic movem5t z ! =]unn] & ess5ce ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,we talk$ ( ,petr>*1 ! fa!r ( humanism1 & ( ! c\rage\s fight he & 8 /urdy b& ( foll[]s made to rescue ! classics4 ,we bo? _h rec5tly read ,philippe ,monni]'s ,le ,quattroc5to1 :i* gave additional int]e/ to our discussion4 8,monni] is ! only writ] ,i h ev] read :o has tri$ to def9e humanism10 ,hewlett cont9u$4 8,he says x is n only ! love ( antiquity1 b ! wor%ip ( x1--a wor%ip c>ri$ s f> t x is n limit$ to adoration alone1 b :i* =ces "o to reproduce40 8,& ! humani/10 ,i add$1 pick+ up ! quotation f ,monni]1 :i* ,i knew by he>t1 8is n only ! man :o kn[s intimately ! anci5ts & is inspir$ by !m2 x is he :o is s fasc9at$ by _! magic spell t he copies !m1 imitates !m1 rehe>ses _! lessons1 adopts _! models & _! me?ods1 _! examples & _! gods1 _! _s & _! tongue40 8,well1 well60 he laugh$2 8we h /ruck ! same /reet1 hav5't we6 ,b does t exactly express ! idea to y8 ,x isn't antiquity we wor%ip1 b r ! basic wor? = :i* ! anci5ts /&40 ,illu/ration3 ,autograph ,lett] f ,maurice ,hewlett 8,monni] ref]s to ! obsession t comes f con/ant contact ) ! le>n+ ( ! pa/1 & ! atmosph]e ?us creat$10 ,i repli$4 8,only la/ ye> ,biagi & ,i discuss$ t v po9t1 sitt+ toge!r 9 8 luxuriant g>d5 at ,ca/iglioncello1 ov]look+ ! ,gulf ( ,leghorn4 ,! #8basic wor?' y m5tion is really ,tru?1 & tak+ ?is z a />t+ po9t1 we work$ out a mod]n application ( ,monni]'s def9ition3 8,! humani/ is "o :o holds himself op5 to receive ,tru?1 unprejudic$ z to its s\rce1 &1 aft] hav+ receiv$ ,tru?1 realizes 8 obligation to give x out aga91 made ri*] by 8 p]sonal int]pretation40 8,!re is a def9ition ) a pres5t application10 ,hewlett exclaim$ he>tily4 8,i l x4--,did y h t 9 m9d :5 y call$ me a mod]n humani/1 j n[80 8,no "o c\ld read ,e>?work ,out ( ,tuscany & ?9k o!rwise10 ,i insi/$4 ,hewlett held out 8 h& impulsively4 8,i wi% ,i might accept t complim5t ) a cle> consci5ce10 he demurr$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,meet+ ,au/9 ,dobson aft] he became int]pret]-9-*ief ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 x 0 difficult to associate him ) 8 e>li] exp]i5ces z a cl]k 9 ! ,bo>d ( ,trade (fice1 :i* he ent]$ :5 he 0 sixte5 ye>s old1 & to :i* s]vice he devot$ =ty-five useful b unev5tful ye>s1 ris+ ev5tually to be a pr9cipal 9 ! ,h>b\rs ,dep>tm5t4 ,) s quiet & unassum+ a p]sonality1 x seems incr$ible t he c\ld h lift$ himself bodily f su* unimag9ative environm5t1 &1 ?r\gh 8 classic monographs1 br+ ,/eele1 ,goldsmi?1 ,ri*>dson1 ,field+1 ,horace ,walpole1 ,fanny ,burney1 ,bewick1 & ,hog>?1 out ( _! hazy indef9it5ess1 & give to !m su* liv+ reality4 ,p]haps ,dobson's v nature prev5t$ him f see+ ! co>s5ess & indec5cy ( ! p]iod1 & enabl$ him to introduce1 or p]haps re9troduce1 to ,engl& f ,france ! ballade & ! *ante royal1 ! rondeau & ! rondel1 ! triolet1 ! villanelle1 & o!r fasc9at+ b obsolete poetical =ms 9 :i* he fir/ became int]e/$ ?r\gh 8 ,fr5* gr&mo!r4 ,dobson 0 ! mo/ mode/ lit]>y man ,i ev] met4 ,i happ5$ to be 9 ,london at ! "t :5 ! ,engli% gov]nm5t be/[$ ^u him an annuity ( #a1jjj1 8= di/+ui%$ s]vice to ! cr[n40 ,:5 ,i congratulat$ him ^u ?is honor 8 response 0 *>act]i/ic3 8,i don't "k :y 9 ! _w !y h giv5 me ?is1 unless x is because ,i am ! fa!r ( t5 *ildr54 ,i h no d\bt t w\ld be classifi$ "u #8di/+ui%$ s]vice to ! cr[n4'0 ,"o aft]noon ,au/9 ,dobson & ,ri*>d ,g>nett1 !n ,keep] ( ! ,pr9t$ ,books at ! ,briti% ,museum1 happ5$ to come to my hotel 9 ,london = tea at ! same "t4 ,on a table 9 ! ap>tm5t 0 a two-volume qu>to edition 9 ,fr5* ( ,don ,quixote1 a prize ,i _h une>!d at a book/all on ! ,quai ,voltaire 9 ,p>is4 ,x 0 beautifully pr9t$1 ! lett]press j bit+ into ! pap]1 & mak+ itself a "p ( ! leaf1 :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( ! be/ ,fr5* presswork4 ,! edition also conta9$ ! fam\s ,dor illu/rations4 ,dobson pick$ up "o ( ! volumes & exclaim$ ov] its beauty4 8,?is edition10 he said1 8is absolutely p]fect40 8,n q10 ,i qualifi$ 8 /atem5t4 8,x is lack+ 9 "o p>ticul>4 ,x requires y\r ,ode to ,c]vantes to make x complete40 ,dobson laugh$4 8,s5d ! book to me10 he said1 8& ,i w transcribe ! l9es on ! fly leaf40 ,:5 ! volume 0 return$ a few days lat]1 a lett] ( apology came ) x4 8,:5 ,i copi$ out ! ,ode on ! fly leaf10 ,dobson wrote1 8x look$ s lo/ on ! great page t ,i v5tur$ to add ! poem :i* ,i compos$ = ! t]c5t5>y4 ,i hope y won't m9d40 ,my elev5-ye>-old son came into ! reception room :ile our gue/s 7 dr9k+ _! tea4 ,dobson took him on 8 lap1 & aft] q w9n+ 8 affection by 8 g5tl5ess1 he quietly call$ 8 att5tion to ,g>nett1 :o 0 conv]s+ ) my wife 9 ano!r "p ( ! room4 8,nev] =get t man1 my boy10 ,dobson said 9 a l[ voice4 8,we h nev] _h 9 ,engl&1 nor %all we ev] h aga91 "o :o kn[s s mu* ( ,engli% lit]ature4 ,if ! record ( e date & e fact 7 to be lo/ by fire1 ,g>nett c\ld reproduce !m ) absolute accuracy if 8 life 7 sp>$ long en\gh40 ,)9 fifte5 m9utes ! y\ng/] f\nd himself on ,g>nett's knee4 ,)\t kn[+ :at ,dobson _h said1 ! old man :isp]$ 9 ! *ild's e>1 8,x is a privilege y w be glad to rememb] t y h met su* a man z ,au/9 ,dobson4 ,except = ,salisbury's desire to demean ! po/ ( poet laureate1 ,dobson w\ld hold t position today4 ,nev] =get t y h met ,au/9 ,dobson40 ,a few mon?s aft] our return to ,am]ica1 ,g>nett di$1 & ,dobson s5t me ! foll[+ l9es4 ,i h nev] kn[n ( _! publication3 ,,ri*>d ,,g>nett ,sit tibi t]ra levis ,( him we may say ju/ly3 ,"h 0 "o ,:o knew ( mo/ ?+s m ?an any o!r1-- ,:o lov$ all ,le>n+ und]nea? ! sun1 ,& look$ on e ,le>n] z a bro!r4 ,nor 0 ?is all4 ,= ^? :o knew him1 knew1 ,h[ev] f> 8 love's doma9 ext5d$1 ,x held its quiet 8poet's corn]10 too1 ,:]e ,mir?1 & ,song1 & ,irony1 7 bl5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,autograph ,poem by ,au/9 ,dobson ,g>nett 0 a r>e _s1 & ! ,briti% ,museum has nev] seem$ ! same s9ce he retir$ 9 #ahii4 ,entrance to 8 private (fice 0 clev]ly conceal$ by a door made up ( %elf-backs ( books1 b once )9 ! sanctum ! g5ial ho/ plac$ at ! disposal ( 8 gue/1 9 a matt]-(-fact way1 su* consummate k z to /agg] compreh5sion4 ,b1 f> beyond ?is1 ! *>m ( 8 p]sonality w always l+] 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o knew him1 & g5u9e affection = ! man w rival ! admiration = 8 s*ol>%ip4 ,"o aft]noon at ,eal+1 aft] t5nis on ! lawn beh9d ! ,dobson h\se1 we ga!r$ = tea4 ,our little p>ty includ$ ,hugh ,?omson1 ! arti/ :o s *>m+ly illu/rat$ mu* ( ,dobson's "w1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,dobson1 & "o ( 8 sons4 ,! poet 0 9 8 mo/ g5ial mood1 & ! conv]sation l$ u into mutually confid5tial *annels4 8,i envy y y\r novel writ+10 he said4 8,fiction gives "o s mu* wid] scope1 & prose is s mu* m satisfactory z a m$ium ?an poetry4 ,i h always want$ to write a novel4 ,mrs4 ,dobson w\ld nev] h x4 ,b %e is always "r10 he add$2 8_h ,i p]si/$ ,i %\ld und\bt$ly h lo/ :at little reputation ,i h40 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly impress$ by ! fact t ,i wrote novels z an avocation4 ,x seem$ to him su* a f> cry f ! executive responsibility ( a l>ge bus9ess1 & he p]si/$ 9 que/ion+ me z to my me?ods4 ,i expla9$ t ,i devot$ a great deal ( "t to creat+ m5tally ! *>act]s :o w\ld lat] dem& my p52 t ) ! g5]al outl9e ( ! plot ,i int5d$ to develop1 ,i approa*$ x exactly z a !atrical manag] approa*es a play he is ab\t to produce1 sp5d+ mu* "t 9 select+ my ca/1 add+1 disc>d+1 *ang+1 j s f> z seem$ to me necess>y to secure ! actors be/ suit$ to ! p>ts ,i plann$ to h !m play4 ,he express$ surprise :5 ,i told him t ,i _h long s9ce disc>d$ ! idea ( work+ out a def9ite sc5>io1 dep5d+ r ^u creat+ int]e/+ *>act]s1 & hav+ !m suffici5tly alive s t :5 plac$ toge!r "u int]e/+ circum/ances !y are b\nd to produce int]e/+ dialogue & action4 8,( c\rse my problem1 writ+ essays & poetry1 is q diff]5t f y\rs z a noveli/10 he said2 8b ,i d try to assume a relation t[>d my "w t is objective & imp]sonal4 ,9 a way1 ,i g f>!r ?an y d40 ,!n he w5t on to say t n only did he plan ! outl9e ( :at he _h to write1 :e!r triolet or poem1 :olly 9 8 head1 b 79 ! case ( ! poetry7 ev5 compos$ ! l9es & made ! necess>y *anges be=e hav+ rec\rse to p5 & pap]4 8,:5 ,i actually beg9 to write10 he said1 8,i c see ! l9es cle>ly be=e me1 ev5 to ! int]l9e> corrections1 & x is a simple matt] = me to copy !m out 9 lett]-p]fect =m40 ,dobson's h&writ+ & 8 signature 7 absolutely dissimil>4 ,unless "o _h actually se5 him transcribe ! text ( a lett] or ! l9es ( a poem 9 t beautiful design$ script1 he w\ld ?9k x ! "w ( "s "o o!r ?an ! writ] ( ! fl[+ autograph b5ea?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,po/]ity is n[ decid+ :e!r ,m>k ,twa9's fame w re/ ^u 8 humor or 8 philosophy1 yet 8 cont9u+ popul>ity w\ld seem to h settl$ ?is mu*-moot$ "q4 ,humor is fleet+ unless bas$ ^u real sub/ance4 ,9 life ! pass+ quip t produces a smile s]ves its purpose1 b to br+ to ! surface su* human notes z dom9ate ,m>k ,twa9's /ories1 a writ] mu/ possess extraord9>y p[]s ( obs]vation & a complete und]/&+ ( 8 fell[-man4 ,nei!r ,tom ,sawy] nor ,huckleb]ry ,f9n is a fictional "*1 b is r ! p]sonification ( t leav5 :i* makes life wor? liv+4 ,:5 an au?or has a*iev$ ! dignity ( hav+ writt5 8works0 r ?an books1 he has plac$ himself 9 ! h&s ( 8 fri5ds 9 all 8 v>y+ moods4 ,a s+le volume is b ! fragm5t ( any writ]'s p]sonality4 ,i h laugh$ ov] ,innoc5ts ,abroad1 & o!r volumes :i* help$ to make ,m>k ,twa9's reputation1 b :5 ,i seek a volume to recall ! au?or z ,i knew him be/ x is ,joan ( ,arc t ,i always take d[n f ! %elf4 ,?is book really %[s ! side ( ,m>k ,twa91 ! man1 z 8 fri5ds knew him1 yet x 0 necess>y to publi% ! volume anonym\sly 9 ord] to secure = x consid]ation f ! read+ public z a s]i\s /ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>k ,,twa91 #ahce-aiaj ,at ! ,villa di ,qu>to1 ,flor5ce ,f a ,snap-%ot 8,no "o w ev] accept x s]i\sly1 ov] my signature10 ,m>k ,twa9 said4 8,p always want to laugh ov] :at ,i write4 ,?is is a s]i\s book4 ,x means m to me ?an any?+ ,i h ev] und]tak540 ,m>k ,twa9 0 f> m ! humori/ :5 (f gu>d ?an :5 on p>ade4 ,! orig9ality ( :at he did1 comb9$ ) :at he said1 produc$ ! maximum expression ( himself4 ,at "o "t he & 8 family occupi$ ! ,villa di ,qu>to 9 ,flor5ce 7page #agb71 & :ile 9 ,italy ,mrs4 ,orcutt & ,i 7 invit$ to h tea ) !m4 ,! villa is locat$1 z its "n sugge/s1 9 ! f\r-mile radius f ! c5t] ( ! t[n4 ,x 0 a l>ge1 unattractive build+1 p]haps fifty feet wide & f\r times z long4 ,! location 0 sup]b1 look+ out ov] ,flor5ce t[>d ,vallombrosa & ! ,*ianti hills4 ,illu/ration3 ,,autograph ,,lett] ,,f ,,m>k ,,twa9 ,) ,snap-%ot ( ,villa di ,qu>to ,9 greet+ u1 ,m>k ,twa9 gave ! impression ( hav+ plann$ out exactly :at he 0 go+ to say4 ,i _h notic$ ! same ?+ on o!r occasions4 ,he knew t p expect$ him to say some?+ humor\s or unusual1 & he tri$ n to disappo9t !m4 8,welcome to ! b>racks10 he exclaim$4 8,looks l a hotel1 doesn't x8 ,y'd ?9k ) tw5ty b$rooms on ! top floor & only f\r 9 my family !re w\ld be a *ance to put up a fri5d or two1 w\ldn't y8 ,b !re isn't any "o ,i ?9k s little ( z to be will+ to /uff him into "o ( ^? cells40 ,we _h tea out ( doors4 ,miss ,cl>a ,clem5s1 :o lat] became ,mrs4 ,gabril[it*1 s]v$ z ho/ess1 z ,mrs4 ,clem5s 0 conf9$ to h] b$ by ! he>t tr\ble t _h br\ght ! family to ,italy4 ,z we sipp$ our tea & nibbl$ at ! delici\s ,italian cakes1 ,m>k ,twa9 cont9u$ 8 comm5ts on ! villa1 expla9+ t x 0 alleg$ to h be5 built by ! fir/ ,cosimo de' ,m$ici 78,if x 01 he _h a bum ar*itect10 ,m>k ,twa9 int]ject$72 lat] x 0 occupi$ by ! ,k+ ( ,wrttemb]g 78,he 0 ! g5ius :o put 9 ! ,pullman /aircase072 & /ill lat] by a ,russian ,pr9cess 78,%e is responsible = t gre5 majolica /ove 9 ! hall4 ,:5 ,i fir/ saw x ,i ?\ght x 0 a *ur* = *ildr5072 & !n x fell into ! h&s ( 8 l&lady 78,less said ab\t h] ! bett]4 ,y nev] he>d su* pr(anity z is express$ by ! furniture & ! c>pets %e put 9 to complete ! mis]y4 ,i'm always ?ankful :5 d>kness comes on to /op ! swe>+074 ,! g>d5 0 beautiful1 b oppressive1--due probably to ! tall cypresses 7always fun]eal 9 _! aspect71 :i* kept out ! sun1 & produc$ a m\ldy luxuriance4 ,! m>ble seats & /atues 7 cov]$ ) gre5 moss1 & ! ivy ran riot ov] ev]y?+4 ,"o felt ! antiquity unpleasantly1 &1 9 a way1 x seem$ an un=tunate atmosph]e = an invalid4 ,b s f> z ! g>d5 0 conc]n$1 x made little diff]5ce to ,mrs4 ,clem5s1--! pati5t1 long-suff]+ 8,livy0 ( ,m>k ,twa9's life1--= %e nev] left h] sick *amb]1 & di$ ?ree days lat]4 ,aft] tea1 ,mr4 ,clem5s (f]$ me a cig> & wat*$ me :ile ,i light$ x4 8,h>d to get good cig>s ov] "h10 he rem>k$4 8,i'm curi\s to "k :at y ?9k ( t "o40 ,i %\ld h be5 sorry to tell him :at my op9ion really 01 b ,i cont9u$ to smoke x ) z *e]ful an expression z possible4 8,:at k9d ( cig>s d y smoke :ile 9 ,europe80 he inquir$4 ,i told him t ,i 0 /ill smok+ a br& ,i _h br\ght ov] f ,am]ica1 & at ! same "t ,i (f]$ him "o1 :i* he promptly accept$1 ?r[+ away ! "o he _h j light$4 ,he puff$ ) consid]able satisfaction1 & !n ask$1 8,h[ d y l t cig> ,i gave y80 ,x seem$ a matt] ( c\rtesy to express m en?usiasm ?an ,i really felt4 8,cl>a10 he call$ across to :]e ! ladies 7 talk+1 8,mr4 ,orcutt likes ^! cig>s ( m9e1 & he's a judge ( good cig>s40 ,!n turn+ to me he cont9u$1 8,cl>a says !y're rott560 ,he relaps$ into sil5ce = a mom5t4 8,h[ _m ( ^? cig>s ( y\rs h y on y\r p]son at ! pres5t "t80 ,i op5$ my cig> case1 & disclos$ f\r4 8,i'll tell y :at ,i'll d10 he said sudd5ly4 8,y l my cig>s & ,i l y\rs4 ,i'll swap y ev560 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! aft]noon ,m>k ,twa9 told ( a d9n] t ,&rew ,c>negie _h giv5 9 8 ,new ,york home1 at :i* ,mr4 ,clem5s _h be5 a gue/4 ,he relat$ ) mu* detail h[ ! v>i\s speak]s _h /amm]$ & halt$1 & seem$ to f9d !mselves almo/ tongue-ti$4 ,8 explanation ( ?is 0 _! feel+ ( emb>rassm5t because ( ! pres5ce ( only "o woman1 ,mrs4 ,c>negie4 ,sir ,sidney ,lee1 :o 0 lectur+ on ,%akesp]ian subjects 9 ,am]ica at ! "t1 0 ! gue/ ( honor4 ,:5 d9n] 0 ann\nc$1 ,c>negie s5t = ,ar*ie1 ! pip]1 an important feature 9 ! ,c>negie mnage1 :o appe>$ 9 full kilts1 & l$ ! procession into ! d9+-room1 play+ on ! pipes4 ,c>negie1 hold+ ,sir ,sidney's h&1 foll[$ directly aft]1 giv+ an imitation ( a ,scot* dance1 :ile ! o!r gue/s fell 9 beh9d1 mat*+ ! /eps ( _! lead] z closely z possible4 ,m>k ,twa9 gave ,john ,burr\ghs cr$it = be+ ! mo/ successful 9 ?is attempt4 ,"s weeks lat]1 at a d9n] :i* ,sir ,sidney ,lee gave 9 our honor 9 ,london1 we he>d an e*o ( ?is incid5t4 ,sir ,sidney includ$ ! /ory ( ,m>k ,twa9's spee* on t occasion1 :i* _h be5 omitt$ 9 ! e>li] n>rative4 ,:5 call$ ^u1 ,mr4 ,clem5s _h said1 8,i'm n go+ to make a spee*1--,i'm j go+ to rem9isce4 ,i'm go+ to tell y some?+ ab\t our ho/ "h :5 he didn't h z mu* money z he has n[4 ,at t "t ,i 0 ! editor ( a pap] 9 a small t[n 9 ,connecticut1 & "o day1 :5 ,i 0 sitt+ 9 ! editorial sanctum1 ! door op5$ & :o %\ld come 9 b ,&rew ,c>negie4 ,d y rememb] t day1 ,&y80 he inquir$1 turn+ to 8 ho/2 8wasn't x a scor*]80 ,c>negie nodd$1 & said he rememb]$ x p]fectly4 8,well10 ,m>k ,twa9 cont9u$1 8,&rew took (f 8 hat1 mopp$ 8 br[1 & sat d[n 9 a *air1 look+ mo/ disconsolate4 8#8,:at's ! matt]8' ,i inquir$4 #8,:at makes y s melan*oly8'--,d y rememb] t1 ,&y80 he aga9 appeal$ to 8 ho/4 8,oh1 yes10 ,c>negie repli$1 smil+ broadly2 8,i rememb] x z if x 7 ye/]day40 8#8,i am s sad1' ,&y answ]$1 #8because ,i want to f\nd "s libr>ies1 & ,i hav5't any money4 ,i came 9 to see if y c\ld l5d me a million or two4' ,i look$ 9 ! draw] & f\nd t ,i c\ld let him h ! ca% j z well z n1 s ,i gave him a c\ple ( million4--,d y rememb] t1 ,&y80 8,no60 ,c>negie answ]$ vehem5tly2 8,i don't rememb] t at all60 8,t's j ! po9t10 ,m>k ,twa9 cont9u$1 %ak+ 8 f+] emphatically4 8,i h nev] receiv$ "o c5t on t loan1 int]e/ or pr9cipal60 ,i wond] if s extraord9>y an assemblage ( lit]>y p]sonages 0 ev] be=e ga!r$ toge!r z at ! sev5tie? anniv]s>y bir?day d9n] giv5 to ,m>k ,twa9 by ,colonel ,george ,h>vey at ,delmonico's 9 ,new ,york6 ,seat$ at ! v>i\s tables 7 su* celebrities z ,william ,dean ,h[ells1 ,george ,w4 ,cable1 ,br&] ,mat!ws1 ,ri*>d ,watson ,gild]1 ,kate ,d\glas ,wigg91 ,f4 ,hopk9son ,smi?1 ,agnes ,reppli]1 ,&rew ,c>negie1 & ,hamilton ,w4 ,mabie4 ,x 0 a long d9n]4 ,e "o pres5t w\ld h be5 glad to express 8 affection & admiration = ,am]ica's greate/ man-(-lett]s1 & ^? :o mu/ be he>d 7 s num]\s t x 0 ne>ly two o'clock 9 ! morn+ be=e ,m>k ,twa9's turn arriv$ to respond4 ,z he rose1 ! entire company rose ) him1 ea* /&+ on 8 *air & wav+ 8 napk9 en?usia/ically4 ,m>k ,twa9 0 visibly affect$ by ! outbur/ ( en?usiasm4 ,:5 ! excitem5t subsid$1 ,i c\ld see ! te>s /ream+ d[n 8 *eeks1 & all ?\ght ( ! set spee* he _h prep>$ & s5t to ! press = publication 0 entirely =gott54 ,realiz+ t ! foll[+ quotation diff]s f ! (ficial report ( ! ev5t1 ,i v5ture to rely ^u ! notes ,i p]sonally made dur+ ! d9n]4 ,rega9+ control ( himself1 ,m>k ,twa9 began 8 rem>ks ) words to ?is effect3 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( my fir/ bir?day & comp>e x ) ?is celebration1--j a b>e room2 no "o pres5t b my "m & "o o!r woman2 no fl[]s1 no w9e1 no cig>s1 no en?usiasm1--,i am fill$ ) indignation6 99 99 99 99 99 ,*>les ,eliot ,norton is a case 9 po9t 9 my cont5tion t to secure ! maximum f a college c\rse a man %\ld take two ye>s at eighte5 & ! rema9+ two aft] he has rea*$ =ty4 ,i 0 n unique among ! ,h>v>d und]graduates flock+ to att5d 8 c\rses 9 ,art :o fail$ utt]ly to und]/& or appreciate him4 ,! ideals express$ 9 8 lectures 7 f> ov] our heads4 ,! e/imate ( ,c>lyle1 ,rusk91 & ,mat!w ,arnold1 t ,mr4 ,norton 0 =emo/ among ,am]ican ?9k]s1 s*ol>s1 & m5 ( culture1 put u on ! def5sive1 = to h writ]s su* z ^! include ,norton z "o ( !mselves plac$ him entirely outside ! pale ( our und]graduate und]/&+4 ,he seem$ to u a l9k connect+ our g5]ation ) ! di/ant pa/4 ,z ,i look back ^u x1 ?is 0 n s mu* because he appe>$ old z x 0 t :at he said seem$ to our untra9$ m9ds ! vag>ies ( age4 ,p]haps we 7 some:at 9 awe ( him1 z we knew him to be ! intimate ( ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes & ,james ,russell ,l[ell1 z he _h be5 ( ,longfell[ & ,george ,william ,curtis1 & ?us ! la/ ( ! ,cambridge ,immortals4 ,i h always wi%$ t o!rs might h correct$ _! false impressions by le>n+ to "k ,norton1 ! man1 z ,i came to "k him1 & h enjoy$ ! inspir+ fri5d%ip t ,i 0 s =tunate 9 hav+ him1 9 lat] ye>s1 ext5d to me4 ,9 ! classroom1 sitt+ on a small1 rais$ plat=m1 ) z _m /ud5ts ga!r$ be=e him z ! l>ge/ room 9 ,massa*usetts ,hall c\ld accommodate1 he took ,art z a text & discuss$ e subject b5ea? ! sun4 ,8 voice1 ?\gh l[1 _h a musical quality :i* c>ri$ to ! mo/ di/ant corn]4 ,z he spoke he lean$ =w>d on 8 elb[s ) sl\*+ %\ld]s1 ) 8 ke5 eyes pass+ con/antly f "o "p ( ! room to ano!r1 seek+1 no d\bt1 "s gleam ( und]/&+ f 8 he>]s4 ,he told me aft]w>ds t x 0 n art he s\ght to tea*1 nor e?ics1 nor philosophy1 b t he w\ld c\nt x success if he in/ill$ 9 ! he>ts ( ev5 a limit$ numb] ( 8 pupils a desire to seek ! tru?4 ,z ,i ?9k ( ! ,norton ,i came to "k 9 ! ye>s t foll[$1 he seems to be a di/9ctly diff]5t p]sonality1 yet ( c\rse ! diff]5ce 0 9 me4 ,ev5 at ! "t :5 ,s5ator ,ho> made 8 t]rific attack ^u him = 8 public utt]ances aga9/ ! ,spani% ,w>1 ,i knew t he 0 act+ true to 8 high convictions1 ev5 ?\gh at v>iance ) public op9ion4 ,i diff]$ f him1 b by t "t ,i und]/ood him4 8,%ady ,hill10 8 home 9 ,norton's ,woods on ! outskirts ( ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 exud$ ! p]sonality ( its own] m ?an any h\se ,i 0 ev] 94 ,!re 0 a re/ful dignity & /ately culture1 a c\rtly hospitality t reflect$ ! individuality ( ! ho/4 ,! libr>y 0 ! inn] %r9e4 ,ea* volume 0 select$ = its own special purpose1 ea* picture 0 illu/rative ( "s special epo*1 ea* piece ( furniture p]=m$ its exact function4 ,"h1 unconsci\sly1 :ile discuss+ subjects f> afield1 ,i acquir$ f ,mr4 ,norton a love ( ,italy :i* lat] 0 fann$ into flame by my ,tuscan fri5d1 ,doctor ,guido ,biagi1 ! accompli%$ libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 9 ,flor5ce1 to :om ,i h already frequ5tly ref]r$4 ,our real fri5d%ip began :5 ,i return$ f ,italy 9 #aijb1 & told him ( my plans to design a type bas$ ^u ! wond]ful humani/ic volumes4 ,z we w5t ov] ! photographs & sket*es ,i br\ght home ) me1 & he realiz$ t a fragm5t ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 dur+ :i* p]iod h& lett]+ _h rea*$ its highe/ po9t ( p]fection1 _h actually be5 ov]look$ by o!r type design]s 7see page #af71 he display$ an excitem5t ,i _h nev] associat$ ) 8 p]sonality4 ,i 0 some:at excit$1 too1 9 be+ able to tell him some?+ :i* _h n previ\sly come to 8 att5tion1--( ! /ruggle ( ! ,royal patrons1 :o tri$ to ?w>t ! newborn art ( pr9t+ by %[+ :at a mis]able ?+ a pr9t$ book 0 :5 comp>$ ) ! beauty ( ! h& lett]s2 & t ^! humani/ic volumes1 ^: pages ,i _h photograph$1 7 ! actual books :i* ^! patrons _h ord]$ ! scribes to produce1 reg>dless ( exp5se1 to accompli% _! purpose4 ,! romance t surr\nd$ ! :ole und]tak+ br\ght out f him comm5ts & discussion 9 :i* he demon/rat$ 8 _m-sid$ p]sonality4 ,! libr>y at 8,%ady ,hill0 became a v]itable ,flor5t9e ro/rum4 ,mr4 ,norton's sage comm5ts 7 express$ ) ! vigor & orig9ality ( ,politian2 :5 he spoke ( ! tyranny ( ! old ,flor5t9e despots & comp>$ !m ) c]ta9 political *>act]s 9 our own ,am]ica1 he might h be5 ,ma*iavelli utt]+ 8 fam\s diatribes aga9/ ! ,/ate4 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici himself c\ld n h ?rill$ me m ) 8 fasc9at+ expression ( ! beautiful or ! exhibition ( 8 exquisite ta/e4 ,ea* /ep 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,humani/ic type 0 foll[$ by ,mr4 ,norton ) ! deepe/ int]e/4 ,:5 ! fir/ copy ( ,petr>*'s ,triumphs came ?r\gh ! b9d]y ,i took x to 8,%ady ,hill10 & we w5t ov] x page by page1 f cov] to cov]4 ,z we clos$ ! volume he look$ up ) t smile 8 fri5ds s lov$1--t smile ,rusk9 call$ 8! sweete/ ,i ev] saw on any face 7unless p]haps a nun's :5 %e has "s grave k9dness to d710--& !n ,i knew t my goal _h be5 atta9$ 7page #cb74 ,:ile ! ,humani/ic type 0 be+ cut1 ,doctor ,biagi came to ,am]ica z ! (ficial repres5tative f ,italy to ! ,/4 ,l\is ,exposition4 ,lat]1 :5 he visit$ me 9 ,bo/on1 ,i took him to 8,%ady ,hill0 to see ,mr4 ,norton4 ,x 0 an hi/oric meet+4 ,! ,italian _h br\ght to ,am]ica orig9al1 unpubli%$ lett]s ( ,mi*elangelo1 & at my sugge/ion he took !m ) him to ,cambridge4 ,mr4 ,norton read sev]al ( ^! lett]s ) ! ke5e/ int]e/ & urg$ _! publication1 b ,biagi 0 too heavily engag$ ) 8 manifold duties z libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana & ,ricc>di libr>ies1 z cu/odian ( ! ,buon>roti & ! da ,v9ci ar*ives1 & ) 8 ext5sive lit]>y "w1 to keep ! promise he made u t day4 ,! conv]sation naturally turn$ ^u ,dante1 ,biagi's rank 9 8 own c\ntry z int]pret] ( ! great poet be+ ev5 great] ?an 0 ,norton's 9 ,am]ica4 ,beyond ?is !y spoke ( books1 ( art1 ( music1 ( hi/ory1 ( sci5ce4 ,norton's k ( ,italy 0 pr(\nd & exact2 ,biagi _h liv$ :at ,norton _h acquir$4 ,no matt] :at ! subject1 _! comm5ts1 al?\gh simply made1 7 expressions ( prodigi\s /udy & absolute k2 ( complete famili>ity1 su* z "o ord9>ily has 9 e-day affairs1 ) subjects ^u :i* ev5 ! well-educat$ man looks z res]v$ = pr(\nd discussion4 ,norton & ,biagi 7 ! two mo/ cultur$ m5 ,i ev] met4 ,9 li/5+ to _! conv]sation ,i discov]$ t a p]fectly tra9$ m9d "u absolute control is ! mo/ beautiful ?+ 9 ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,climb+ ! circul> /airway 9 ! old1 ram%ackle ,h>p] plant at ,frankl9 ,squ>e1 ,new ,york1 ,i us$ to f9d ,william ,dean ,h[ells 9 8 sanctum4 8,take ?is *air10 he said "o day aft] a cordial greet+2 8! only ,easy ,*air we h is 9 ! ,magaz9e40 ,h[ells lov$ ! smell ( pr9t]'s ink4 8,!y are =ev] talk+ ab\t gett+ away f "h10 he w\ld say1 ref]r+ to ! long desire at ,h>p]s'--at la/ gratifi$--to divorce ! pr9t+ f ! publi%+ & to move upt[n4 8,"h ?+s are s mix$ up t y c't tell :e!r y're a pr9t] or a writ]1 & ,i l x40 ,our acqua9tance began aft] ! publication by ! ,h>p]s 9 #aijf ( a novel ( m9e entitl$ ,! ,spell1 ! sc5e ( :i* is laid 9 ,flor5ce4 ,aft] read+ x1 ,h[ells wrote ask+ me to look him up ! next "t ,i 0 9 ! ,h>p] (fices4 8,we h ?ree reasons to become fri5ds10 he said smil+1 aft] /udy+ me = a mom5t ) eyes t seem$ probably m pi]c+ & int5t ?an !y really 73 8y live 9 ,bo/on1 y love ,italy1 & y are a pr9t]4 ,n[ we mu/ make up = lo/ "t40 ,aft] ?is introduction ,i made x a habit to 8drop up0 to 8 sanctum :5ev] ,i _h occasion to g to ,frankl9 ,squ>e to discuss pr9t+ or publi%+ problems ) ,major ,leigh or ,mr4 ,duneka4 ,h[ells always seem$ to h "t to discuss "o ( ! ?ree topics nam$ 9 8 orig9al analysis1 yet curi\sly en\gh x 0 r>ely t any m5tion ( books came into our conv]sation4 ,illu/ration3 ,autograph ,lett] f ,william ,dean ,h[ells ,( ,bo/on & ,cambridge he 0 always happily rem9isc5t3 ( ent]ta9+ ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,john ,hay :ile on _! w$d+ j\rney1 & lat] ,bret ,h>te1 9 ! small reception room 9 ! ,b]keley ,/reet h\se1 :]e ! t9y 8libr>y0 on ! nor? side 0 )\t heat or sunlight :5 ,h[ells wrote 8 ,v5etian ,days !re 9 #ahgj2 ( e>ly visits ) ,m>k ,twa9 be=e ! great fireplace 9 8! ,cab90 at 8 ,belmont home1 ov] ! door ( :i* 0 inscrib$ ! quotation f ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 8,f ,v5ice z f> z ,belmont40--8,9 ^! words10 ,h[ells said1 8lies ! hi/ory ( my m>ri$ life02--( ! move f ,belmont to ,bo/on z 8 mat]ial res\rces increas$4 8,!re 0 a "t :5 p us$ to ?9k ,i didn't l ,bo/on10 he w\ld *uckle1 evid5tly enjoy+ ! recollections t came to him2 8b ,i always lov$ x4 ,! t[n did take itself s]i\sly10 he add$ a mom5t lat]2 8b x _h a "r to4 ,t 0 :at made x ,bo/on4 ,sometimes1 :5 we "k a place or a p]son ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 ! f9e *>act]i/ics may be assum$1 & we may *aff a little ov] ! h>mless foibles4 ,t is :at ,i did to ,bo/on40 ,he *id$ me good-natur$ly because ,i pref]r$ ,flor5ce to ,v5ice4 8,italy10 he quot$1 8is ! face ( ,europe1 & ,v5ice is ! eye ( ,italy4 ,b1 aft] all1 :at diff]5ce does x make80 he ask$4 8,we are bo? talk+ ( ! same wond]ful c\ntry1 & p]haps ! intellectual atmosph]e ( antiquity makes up = ! glory ( ! ,adriatic40 ,!n he told me a /ory :i* ,i aft]w>ds he>d ,hamilton ,mabie repeat at ! sev5ty-fif? bir?day anniv]s>y banquet giv5 ,h[ells at ,%]ry's by ,colonel ,george ,h>vey 9 #aiab4 ,two ,am]ican wom5 met 9 ,flor5ce on ! ,ponte ,vec*io4 ,"o ( !m said to ! o!r1 8,please tell me :e!r ?is is ,flor5ce or ,v5ice40 8,:at day ( ! week is x80 ! o!r inquir$4 8,w$nesday40 8,!n10 said ! second1 look+ at h] it9]>y1 8?is is ,v5ice40 8,i 0 born a pr9t]1 y "k10 ,h[ells rem>k$ dur+ "o ( my visits4 8,i c rememb] ! "t :5 ,i c\ldn't write1 b n ! "t :5 ,i c\ldn't set type40 ,he ref]r$ to 8 boyhood exp]i5ces 9 ! pr9t+ (fice at ,hamilton1 ,ohio4 ,8 fa!r publi%$ !re a ,:ig newspap]1 :i* f9ally lo/ ne>ly all its subscrib]s because its publi%] _h ! unhappy g5ius ( always tak+ ! unpopul> side ( e public "q4 ,h[ells immortaliz$ ?is pr9t+ (fice 9 8 essay ,! ,c\ntry ,pr9t]1--:]e he recalls 8! compositors rhy?mically sway+ be=e _! cases ( type2 ! pressman fl++ himself back on ! b> t made ! impression1 ) a swirl ( 8 long hair2 ! appr5tice roll+ ! =ms2 & ! =eman b5d+ ov] !m40 ,! ,lucullan banquet ref]r$ to outrival$ t giv5 by ,colonel ,h>vey to ,m>k ,twa94 ,h[ ,m>k ,twa9 w\ld h lov$ to be !re1 & h[ mu* ! pres5ce ( ?is life-long fri5d w\ld h meant to ,h[ells6 ,m ?an f\r hundr$ m5 & wom5 prom95t 9 lett]s ga!r$ to d honor to ! belov$ au?or1 & ,presid5t ,taft convey$ to him ! gratitude ( ! nation = ! h\rs ( pleasure af=d$ by 8 writ+s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 rem>ks1 ,h[ells said3 ,i knew ,haw?orne & ,em]son & ,walt ,:itman2 ,i knew ,longfell[ & ,holmes & ,:itti] & ,l[ell2 ,i knew ,bryant & ,bancr(t & ,motley2 ,i knew ,h>riet ,bee*] ,/[e & ,julia ,w>d ,h[e2 ,i knew ,artemus ,w>d & ,/ockton & ,m>k ,twa92 ,i knew ,p>kman & ,fiske4 ,z ,i li/5$ to ?is recapitulation ( contact ) mod]n humani/s1 ,i wond]$ :at ,h[ells _h left to look =w>d to4 ,no "o c\ld fail to envy him 8 memories1 nor c\ld he fail to ask himself :at tw5tie?-c5tury names w\ld be writt5 9 place ( ^? ! n9ete5? c5tury _h record$ 9 ! ,hall ( ,fame 99 99 99 99 99 ,my libr>y has tak5 on a diff]5t aspect dur+ all ^! ye>s4 ,:5 ,i fir/ in/all$ my books ,i look$ ^u x z a sanctu>y1 into :i* ,i c\ld escape f ! _w outside4 ,ea* book 0 a magic c>pet :i*1 at my bidd+1 transport$ me f "o c\ntry to ano!r1 f ! pres5t back to c5turies gone by1 gratify+ my slighte/ :im 9 response to ! m]e ef=t ( *ang+ volumes4 ,my libr>y has lo/ none ( t blissful peace z a retreat1 b 9 addition x has become a v]itable meet+ gr\nd4 ,! au?ors ,i h kn[n are always wait+ = me !re1--to disclose to me ?r\gh _! works f> m ?an !y1 9 all mode/y1 w\ld h admitt$ 9 our p]sonal conf]5ces ,,vi ,,triumphs ,,( ,,typography ,9 ga!r+ toge!r 8 book treasures1 a collector naturally approa*es ! adv5ture f a p]sonal /&po9t4 ,fir/ editions may p>ticul>ly appeal to him1 or ,am]icana1 or 8 bibliomania may take ! =m ( subject collect+4 ,i once _h a fri5d :o conc5trat$ on :ales & bees6 ,my hobby has be5 to acquire1 s f> z possible1 volumes t repres5t ! be/ workman%ip ( ea* epo*1 & f !m ,i h le>n$ mu* ( fasc9at+ int]e/ beyond ! hi/ory ( typography4 ,a book 9 itself is always some?+ m ?an pap] & type & b9d]'s bo>ds4 ,x possesses a subtle fri5dl9ess t sets x ap>t f o!r inanimate objects ab\t u1 & /amps x ) an individuality :i* responds to our approa* 9 proportion to our int]e/4 ,b aside f its cont5ts1 a typographical monum5t is a b>omet] ( civilization4 ,if we discov] :at economic or political conditions comb9$ to make x /& out f o!r products ( its p]iod1 we le>n contemporane\s hi/ory & become acqua9t$ ) ! p]sonalities ( ! p & ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! times4 ,no two c\ntries1 s9ce ,gut5b]g fir/ discov]$ ! p[] ( individual types :5 jo9$ toge!r to =m words d[n to ! pres5t day1 h /ood pre-em95t 9 ! same epo* 9 ! art ( pr9t+4 ,! curve ( supremacy1 plott$ f ! brief triumph ( ,g]many successively ?r\gh ,italy1 ,france1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,engl&1 ,france1 & back aga9 to ,engl&1 %[s t ! typographical monum5ts ( ! _w are n accid5tal1 b r ! natural results ( cause & effect4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! production ( f9e books made ! city ( _! orig9 ! c5t] ( culture & br\ght lu/] to ! c\ntry2 9 o!rs1 ! great ma/]-pr9t]s 7 attract$ f "o locality to ano!r because ( ! lit]>y atmosph]e 9 a c]ta9 city1 & by _! labors add$ to ! reputation x _h already atta9$4 ,! volumes !mselves sometimes produc$ vitally significant effects2 sometimes _! production 0 ! result ( conditions equally important4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! fir/ example ,i %\ld l to own = my collection ( typographical triumphs is1 ( c\rse1 ! ,gut5b]g ,bible 7opp4 page72 b ) only =ty-five copies kn[n to be 9 exi/5ce 7( :i* twelve are on vellum71 ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) photographic facsimile pages4 ,! copy mo/ rec5tly (f]$ = sale br\ght #ajf1jjj 9 ,new ,york 9 ,febru>y1 #aibf1 & 0 lat] pur*as$ by ,mrs4 ,edw>d ,s4 ,h>kness = #abj1jjj1 :o pres5t$ x to ! ,yale ,univ]sity ,libr>y4 ,?is makes ! ,gut5b]g ,bible ! mo/ valuable pr9t$ book 9 ! _w1--six times z preci\s z a ,%akespe>e fir/ folio4 ,=tunately1 ! copies are well di/ribut$1 s t "o ne$ n d5y himself ! pleasure ( /udy+ x4 ,9 ,am]ica1 !re are two examples 7"o on vellum7 9 ! ,pi]pont ,morgan ,libr>y1 9 ,new ,york2 ano!r 9 ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 & /ill ano!r 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,g5]al ,!ological ,s*ool2 :ile ! private collections ( ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton & ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5] are also =tunate possessors4 ,9 ,engl&1 "o may f9d a copy at ! ,briti% ,museum or ! ,bodleian ,libr>y2 on ! ,cont95t1 at ! ,biblio?que ,nationale at ,p>is1 at ! ,vatican ,libr>y 9 ,rome1 or 9 ! libr>ies ( ,b]l91 ,leipzig1 ,muni*1 or ,vi5na4 ,ov] tw5ty ( ! =ty-five copies are imp]fect1 & only f\r are /ill 9 private h&s4 ,( ^! f\r1 "o is imp]fect1 & two are already promis$ to libr>ies2 s ! copy sold 9 ,new ,york may be ! la/ ev] (f]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,"p ( a ,page f ! ,vellum ,copy ( ! ,gut5b]g ,bible1 ,may5ce1 #adee ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is 7,exact size7 ,illu/ration3 ,rubricator's ,m>k at ,end ( ,fir/ ,volume ( a ,defective ,copy 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,rubricator's ,m>k at ,end ( ,second ,volume ( a ,defective ,copy 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is ,! copy ,i love be/ to pore ov] is t b\nd 9 f\r volumes ( r$ morocco1 /amp$ ) ! arms ( ,l\is ,,xvi1 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,?is p]haps is n s hi/orical z ! "o ,de ,bure discov]$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,c>d9al ,maz>9 9 ,p>is 9 #agfc1--?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] x 0 pr9t$1 & until !n unkn[n2 b ! dignity ( ^? beautifully pr9t$ types on ! smoo?1 ivory surface ( ! vellum possesses a magnific5ce beyond t ( any o!r copy ,i h se54 ,also at ! ,biblio?que ,nationale is a defective pap] copy 9 two volumes 9 :i* appe> rubricator's notes m>k+ ! completion ( ! "w z ,augu/ #ae1 #adef4 ,?9k h[ important ?is is 9 plac+ ?is m>vel ( typography2 = ! project ( pr9t+ ! ,bible c\ld n h be5 und]tak5 e>li] ?an ,augu/1 #adea1 :5 ,gut5b]g =m$ 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,fu/ & ,s*oeff] 9 ,may5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gut5b]g1 ,,fu/1 ,,co/]1 ,,aldus1 ,,frob5 ,f ,engrav+ by ,jacob ,h\brak5 7#afih-aghj7 ,to a mod]n ar*itect ( books ! ob/acles :i* ! pr9t] at t "t enc\nt]$1 ) ! art itself b a few ye>s old1 seem insurm\ntable4 ,!re 0 ! necessity ( design+ & cutt+ ! fir/ fonts ( type1 bas$ ^u ! h& lett]+ ( ! p]iod4 ,z is always inevitable 9 ! infancy ( any art1 ?is translation f "o m$ium to ano!r repeat$ r ?an correct$ ! errors ( ! human h&4 ,! typesett]1 in/ead ( be+ secur$ f an employm5t (fice1 _h to be made4 ,gut5b]g himself p]haps1 _h to tea* ! appr5tice ! me?od ( jo9+ toge!r ! v>i\s lett]s1 9 a r\ghly made compos+ /ick ( 8 own inv5tion1 9 su* a way z to ma9ta9 regul>ity 9 ! di/ances betwe5 ! /ems ( ! v>i\s lett]s1 & ?us produce a uni=m & pleas+ appe>ance4 ,!re exi/$ no prop] iron *ases 9 :i* to lock up ! pages ( ! type1 s t :ile ! metal c\ld be made secure at ! top & bottom1 !re are frequ5t in/ances :]e x bulges out on ! sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,fu/1 f an ,old ,engrav+ ,f ! v beg9n+ ! pr9t$ book _h to be a "w ( art4 ,! patronage ( k+s & pr9ces _h develop$ ! h&-lett]$ volumes to ! highe/ po9t ( p]fection1 &1 on acc\nt ( ?is ke5 competition ) ! scribes & _! patrons1 no pr9t] c\ld af=d to devote to any volume less ?an 8 utmo/ arti/ic ta/e & me*anical +5uity4 ,?us today1 if a read] exam9es ! ,gut5b]g ,bible ) a critical eye1 he w be amaz$ by ! extraord9>y ev5ness 9 ! pr9t+1 & ! surpris+ly accurate alignm5t ( ! lett]s4 ,! glossy blackness ( ! ink /ill rema9s1 & ! %>pness ( ! impression is equal to t secur$ ^u a mod]n cyl9d] press4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t no less ?an six h& presses 7 employ$ 9 pr9t+ ! #fda leaves1 compos$ 9 d\ble column )\t num]als1 cat* words1 or signatures4 ,:at b9d] today w\ld und]take to collate su* a volume 9 prop] sequ5ce6 ,aft] ! fir/ two divisions _h come (f ! press x 0 decid$ to *ange ! orig9al s*eme ( ! pages f #dj to #db l9es4 ,9 ord] to get ^! two extra l9es on ! page x 0 necess>y to set all ! l9es clos] toge!r4 ,to accompli% ?is1 "s ( ! type 0 reca/1 ) m9imum %\ld]1 & ! re/ ( x 0 actually cut d[n 9 height to su* an ext5t t a portion ( ! curv$ dots ( ! i's 0 clipp$ (f4 ,monographs h be5 writt5 to expla9 ! v>iation 9 ! size ( ! type us$ 9 diff]5t sections ( ?is book1 b :at m natural explanation c\ld !re be ?an t ! *ange 0 involunt>y & due to natural causes8 ,9 ^? days ! molds :i* ! pr9t] us$ = ca/+ 8 types 7 made sometimes ( lead1 b m (t5 ( wood4 ,z he kept p\r+ ! molt5 metal into ^! matrices1 ! v heat w\ld by degrees enl>ge ! mold itself1 & ?us produce lead type ( slightly l>g] size4 ,f "t to "t1 also1 ! wood5 matrices wore out1 & ! duplicates w\ld n exactly correspond ) ^? !y replac$4 ,9 pr9t+ ^! volumes1 ! prec$5t 0 e/abli%$ ( leav+ blank spaces = ! initial lett]s1 :i* 7 lat] fill$ 9 by h&4 ,"s ( ^! are pla9 & "s elaborate1 s]v+ to make ! resemblance to ! h&-lett]$ book ev5 m exact2 b ! glory ( ! ,gut5b]g ,bible lies 9 its typography & presswork r ?an 9 its illum9at$ lett]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g]many1 9 ! ,gut5b]g ,bible1 prov$ its ability to produce volumes wor?y ( ! inv5tion itself1 b z a c\ntry x possess$ nei!r ! s*ol>s1 ! manuscripts1 nor ! patrons to insure ! developm5t ( ! new art4 ,italy1 at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 _h become ! home ( le>n+1 & almo/ imm$iately ,v5ice became ! ,mecca ( pr9t]s4 ,workm5 :o _h s]v$ _! appr5tice%ips 9 ,g]many s\ght out ! c\ntry :]e pr9ces might be expect$ to become patrons ( ! new art1 :]e manuscripts 7 available = copy1 & :]e a public exi/$ bo? able & will+ to pur*ase ! products ( ! press4 ,! ,v5etian ,republic1 quick to appreciate ?is opportunity1 (f]$ its protection & enc\ragem5t4 ,v5ice itself 0 ! natural m>ket ( ! _w = di/ribution ( goods because ( ! l[ co/ ( sea transportation4 ,i h a f9e copy ( ,augu/9us3 ,de ,civitate ,dei 7page #bje7 t ,i discov]$ 9 ,rome 9 its orig9al b9d+ ye>s ago1 pr9t$ 9 ,j5son's ,go?ic type 9 #adge4 ,on ! fir/ page ( text1 9 bold lett]s across ! top1 ! pr9t] has plac$ ! words1 ,nicolaus ,j5son1 ,gallicus4 ,9 addition to ?is signature1 ! explicit reads3 ,?is "w ,de ,civitate ,dei is happily complet$1 be+ done 9 ,v5ice by t excell5t & dilig5t ma/]1 ,nicolas ,j5son1 :ile ,pietro ,moc5igo 0 ,doge1 9 ! ye> aft] ! bir? ( ! ,"l1 "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-five1 on ! six? day be=e ! nones ( ,octob] 7#b ,octob]7 ,illu/ration3 ,nicolas ,j5son's ,explicit & ,m>k ,illu/ration3 ,j5son's ,go?ic ,type4 ,f ,augu/9us3 ,de ,civitate ,dei1 ,v5ice1 #adge 7,exact size7 ,j5son 0 a pr9t] :o n only took pride 9 8 art b also 9 ! c\ntry ( 8 bir?6 ,he 0 a ,fr5*man1 :o 0 s5t to ,may5ce by ,k+ ,*>les ,,vii ( ,france to f9d out :at sort ( ?+ ?is new art ( pr9t+ 01 & if ( value to ,france to le>n x & to br+ x home4 ,j5son _h be5 an exp]t engrav]1 s 0 well adapt$ to ?is assignm5t4 ,at ,may5ce he quickly ma/]$ ! art1 & 0 prep>$ to transport x to ,p>is2 b by ?is "t ,*>les ,,vii _h di$1 & ,j5son knew t ,l\is ,,xi1 ! new mon>*1 w\ld h little int]e/ 9 recogniz+ 8 fa!r's m&ate4 ,! ,fr5*man !n set himself up 9 ,v5ice1 :]e he contribut$ l>gely to ! pre/ige ga9$ by ?is city z a c5t] = pr9t+ z an art1 & = s*ol>ly publications4 ,j5son _h no monopoly on extoll+ himself 9 ! explicits ( 8 books4 ,! co/ ( pap] 9 ^? days 0 s high t a title page 0 consid]$ an unnecess>y extravagance1 s ?is 0 ! pr9t]'s only opportunity to record 8 impr9t4 ,9 mod]n times we pr9t]s are m mode/1 & leave x to ! publi%]s to s\nd our praises1 b we d l to place our signatures on well-made books6 ,! explicit 9 ! h&-writt5 book also (f]$ a favorite opportunity = ga9+ immortality = ! scribe4 ,i once saw 9 an ,italian mona/]y a manuscript volume conta9+ "s #fjj pages1 9 :i* 0 record$ ! fact t on su* & su* a day ,bro!r ,s-&-,s _h complet$ ! transcrib+ ( ! text2 & inasmu* z he _h be5 promis$ absolution1 "o s9 = ea* lett]1 he ?ank$ ,god t ! sum total ( ! lett]s exce$$ ! sum total ( 8 s9s1 ev5 ?\gh by b a s+le unit6 ,among ,j5son's mo/ important contributions 7 8 type designs1 bas$ ^u ! be/ h& lett]+ ( ! day4 ,o!r design]s _h slavi%ly copi$ ! h&-writt5 lett]1 b ,j5son1 wise 9 8 acquir$ k1 elim9at$ ! v>iations & produc$ lett]s n z !y appe>$ ^u ! h&-writt5 page1 b /&>diz$ to ! design :i* ! arti/-scribe _h 9 m9d & :i* 8 h& fail$ accurately to reproduce4 ,! ,j5son ,roman 7page #bb7 & 8 ,go?ic 7page #bje7 types h1 ?r\gh all ^! c5turies1 /ood z ! basic patt]ns ( subsequ5t type design]s4 ,j5son di$ 9 #adhj1 & ! =emo/ rival to 8 fame is ,aldus ,manutius1 :o came to ,v5ice f ,c>pi & e/abli%$ himself !re 9 #adid4 ,i h (t5 conjectur$ :at w\ld h happ5$ _h ?is ,fr5*man pr9t$ 8 volumes 9 ,france & ?us br\ght !m into competition ) ! lat] product ( ! ,ald9e ,press4 ,! supremacy ( ,italy might h suff]$1--b c\ld ,j5son h cut 8 types or pr9t$ 8 books 9 ! ,france ( ! fifte5? c5tury8 ,z x 01 ! glories ( ! ,aldi s closely foll[$ ,j5son's sup]b "w t ,italy's supreme position 9 ! hi/ory ( typography c nev] be *all5g$4 ,= 8 pr9t]'s m>k ,aldus adopt$ ! fam\s comb9ation ( ! ,dolph9 & ,an*or1 ! dolph9 signify+ spe$ 9 execution & ! an*or firmness 9 delib]ation4 ,z a slogan he us$ ! words ,fe/9a l5te1 ( :i* p]haps ! mo/ fam\s translation is t by ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 8,cel]ity contemp]$ ) ,cunctation40 ,j5son's pr9t]'s m>k 7page #bjc71 by ! way1 has suff]$ ! indignity ( be+ adopt$ z ! tradem>k ( a popul> br& ( biscuits6 ,illu/ration3 ,device ( ,aldus ,manutius ,! pr9t+ (fice ( ,aldus /ood ne> ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,augu/us1 9 ,v5ice4 ,"h he in/itut$ a complete revolution 9 ! exi/+ me?ods ( publi%+4 ,! clumsy & co/ly folios & qu>tos1 :i* _h con/itut$ ! /&>d =ms1 7 n[ replac$ by cr[n octavo volumes1 conv5i5t bo? to ! h& & to ! purse4 8,i h resolv$10 ,aldus wrote 9 #adij1 8to devote my life to ! cause ( s*ol>%ip4 ,i h *os51 9 place ( a life ( ease & fre$om1 an anxi\s & toilsome c>e]4 ,a man has high] responsibilities ?an ! seek+ ( 8 own enjoym5t2 he %\ld devote himself to honorable labor4 ,liv+ t is a m]e exi/5ce c be left to m5 :o are cont5t to be animals4 ,cato comp>$ human exi/5ce to iron4 ,:5 no?+ is done ) x1 x ru/s2 x is only ?r\gh con/ant activity t poli% or brilliancy is secur$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,groli] ,,9 ,,! ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,,( ,,aldus ,aft] ,pa9t+ by ,franois ,flam5g ,c\rtesy ,! ,groli] ,club1 ,new ,york ,city ,! weight ( responsibility felt by ,aldus 9 becom+ a pr9t] may be bett] appreciat$ :5 "o realizes t ?is pr(ession !n includ$ ! duties ( editor & publi%]4 ,! publi%] ( today accepts or decl9es manuscripts submitt$ by _! au?ors1 & ! edit+ ( su* manuscripts1 if consid]$ at all1 is plac$ 9 ! h&s ( 8 editorial dep>tm5t4 ,!n ! 8copy0 is turn$ ov] to ! pr9t] = manufacture4 ,9 ! old5 days ! pr9t] 0 oblig$ to se>* out 8 manuscripts1 to sup]vise _! edit+--n f previ\sly pr9t$ editions1 b f copies transcrib$ by h&1 frequ5tly by c>eless scribes4 ,?us 8 reputation dep5d$ n only on 8 skill z a pr9t]1 b also ^u 8 sagacity z a publi%]1 & 8 s*ol>%ip z %[n 9 8 text4 ,9 addition to all ?is1 ! pr9t] _h to create ! dem& = 8 product & arrange = its di/ribution because !re 7 no e/abli%$ book/ores4 ,! great s*eme t ,aldus conceiv$ 0 ! publication ( ! ,greek classics4 ,until !n only f\r ( ! ,greek au?ors1 sop1 ,!ocritus1 ,hom]1 & ,isocrates1 _h be5 publi%$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,aldus gave to ! _w1 = ! fir/ "t 9 pr9t$ =m1 ,ari/otle1 ,plato1 ,?ucydides1 ,x5ophon1 ,h]odotus1 ,ari/ophanes1 ,euripides1 ,sophocles1 ,demo/h5es1 ,lysias1 s*9es1 ,plut>*1 & ,p9d>4 ,except = :at ,aldus did at ?is "t1 mo/ ( ^! texts w\ld h be5 irrevocably lo/ to po/]ity4 ,:5 y next see ,italic type y w be int]e/$ to "k t x 0 fir/ cut by ,aldus1 said to be inspir$ by ! ?91 incl9$1 cursive h&writ+ ( ,petr>*2 :5 y admire ! beauty add$ to ! page by ! use ( small capitals1 y %\ld give ,aldus cr$it = hav+ be5 ! fir/ to use ?is attractive =m ( typography4 ,ev5 9 t e>ly day ,aldus object$ to ! in>ti/ic1 squ>e end+ ( a *apt] occupy+ b a portion ( ! page1 & devis$ all k9ds ( type arrangem5ts1 half-diamond1 goblet1 & b[l1 to satisfy ! eye4 ,to me1 ! mo/ int]e/+ book t ,aldus produc$ 0 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1--8,poliphilo's ,/rife ( ,love 9 a ,dream40 ,x /&s z "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ 9 ! annals ( ,v5etian pr9t+1 be+ ! only illu/rat$ volume issu$ by ! ,ald9e ,press4 ,?is "w 0 und]tak5 at ! v close ( ! fifte5? c5tury at ! exp5se ( "o ,leon>do ,crasso ( ,v]ona1 :o d$icat$ ! book to ,guidobaldo1 ,duke ( ,urb9o4 ,x 0 writt5 by a ,dom9ican fri>1 ,francesco ,colonna1 :o adopt$ an +5i\s me?od ( arrang+ 8 *apt]s s t ! successive initial lett]s compose a complete s5t5ce :i*1 :5 translat$1 read1 8,bro!r ,francesco ,colonna greatly lov$ ,polia40 ,polia has be5 id5tifi$ z "o ,lucrezia ,lelio1 daught] ( a jurisconsult ( ,treviso1 :o lat] ent]$ a conv5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,text ,page f ,aldus' ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 ,v5ice1 #adii 7#aa #g in*es74 ,x is on ?is model t ! type us$ 9 ?is volume is bas$ ,illu/ration3 ,illu/rat$ ,page ( ,aldus' ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 ,v5ice1 #adii 7#aa #g in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,,groli] ,,b9d+ ,ca/iglione3 ,cortegiano4 ,ald9e ,press1 #aeah ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce ,! volume displays a pret5ti\s ef=t to get away f ! commonplace4 ,on e page ,aldus exp5d$ 8 utmo/ +5uity 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! type1--! use ( capitals & small capitals1 & unusual type =mations4 ,9 _m cases ! type balances ! illu/rations 9 su* a way z to become a "p ( !m4 ,bas$ on ! typographical /&>ds ( today1 "s ( ^! exp]im5ts are indef5sible1 b 9 a volume issu$ 9 #adii !y /& z an extraord9>y exhibit ( :at an arti/ic1 +5i\s pr9t] c accompli% )9 ! rigid limitations ( metal type4 ,! illu/rations !mselves1 "o hundr$ & fifty-eight 9 numb]1 run f rigid ar*itectural l9es to fanciful portrayals ( incid5ts 9 ! /ory4 ,giovanni ,bell9i is suppos$ to h be5 ! arti/1 b !re is no absolute evid5ce to confirm ?is supposition4 ,"s ye>s ago ! ,groli] ,club ( ,new ,york issu$ an et*+ entitl$1 ,groli] 9 ! ,pr9t+ ,(fice ( ,aldus 7page #bjh74 ,i wi% ,i might believe t ?is great pr9t] 0 =tunate en\gh to h possess$ su* an (fice6 ,9 spite ( valuable concessions he receiv$ f ! ,republic1 & ! success accord$ to him z a pr9t]1 he 0 able to eke out b a b>e exi/5ce1 & di$ a poor man4 ,! et*+1 h[ev]1 is important z emphasiz+ ! close relation :i* exit$ betwe5 ! fam\s ambassador ( ,franois ,i at ! ,c\rt ( ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii1 at ,rome1 & ! family ( ,aldus1 to :i* association booklov]s owe an et]nal debt ( gratitude4 ,at "o "t ! ,ald9e ,press 0 9 dang] ( bankruptcy1 & ,groli] n only came to its rescue ) 8 purse b also ) 8 p]sonal s]vices4 ,)\t ^! tangible expressions ( 8 innate love = ! book1 collectors today w\ld be depriv$ ( "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ examples ( pr9t+ & b9d+ t !y c\nt among _! ri*e/ treasures4 ,! g5]al conception t ,jean ,groli] 0 a b9d] is q errone\s2 he 0 z zeal\s a patron ( ! pr9t$ book z ( ! b9d]'s art4 ,8 great intimacy 9 ,v5ice 0 ) ,&rea ,torresani 7?r\gh ^: ef=ts ! ,j5son & ! ,aldus (fices 7 f9ally comb9$71 & 8 two sons1 ,francesco & ,f$]ico1 ! fa!r-9-law & bro!rs-9-law ( ! fam\s ,aldus4 ,no cle>] idea c be ga9$ ( ,groli]'s relations at ,casa ,aldo ?an ! spl5did lett] :i* he s5t to ,francesco 9 #aeai1 intru/+ to 8 h&s ! mak+ ( ,bud's book1 ,de ,asse3 ,illu/ration3 ,,groli] ,,b9d+ ,capella3 ,l',an?ropologia ,digaleazzo4 ,ald9e ,press1 #aecc ,f :i* ! ,cov] ,design ( ?is ,volume 0 adapt$ 7,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce4 #g #d in*es7 ,y w c>e ) all dilig5ce1 he writes1 ,o mo/ belov$ ,francesco1 t ?is "w1 :5 x leaves y\r pr9t+ %op to pass into ! h&s ( le>n$ m51 may be z correct z x is possible to r5d] x4 ,i he>tily beg & besee* ?is ( y4 ,! book1 too1 %\ld be dec5t & elegant2 & to ?is w contribute ! *oice ( ! pap]1 ! excell5ce ( ! type1 :i* %\ld h be5 b little us$1 & ! wid? ( ! m>g9s4 ,to speak m exactly1 ,i %\ld wi% x 7 set up ) ! same type ) :i* y pr9t$ y\r ,poliziano4 ,& if ?is dec5cy & elegance %all increase y\r exp5ses1 ,i w refund y entirely4 ,la/ly1 ,i %\ld wi% t no?+ be add$ to ! orig9al or tak5 f x4 ,:at bett] conception ( a book1 or ( ! responsibility to be assum$ t[>d t book1 bo? by ! pr9t] & by ! publi%]1 c\ld be express$ today6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! e>ly sixte5? c5tury m>k$ a crisis 9 ! _w 9 :i* ! book play$ a vital "p4 ,:5 ,lu!r1 at ,witt5b]g1 burn$ ! papal bull & />t$ ! ,re=mation1 an ov]:elm+ dem& on ! "p ( ! p 0 creat$ = in=mation & in/ruction4 ,= ! fir/ "t ! _w realiz$ t ! pr9t+ press 0 a weapon plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! masses = def5ce aga9/ oppression by ,*ur* or ,/ate4 ,franois ,i 0 ,k+ ( ,france2 ,*>les ,v1 ,emp]or ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire2 & ,h5ry ,,viii1 ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ,italy _h some?+ to ?9k ab\t beyond magnific5tly decorat$ volumes1 & pr9t+ z an art 0 = ! "t =gott5 9 supply+ ! p ) books at l[ co/4 ,franois ,i1 undismay$ by ! d[nfall ( ! ,italian patrons1 believ$ t he c\ld ga9 = himself & = ,france ! pre/ige :i* _h be5 ,italy's ?r\gh ! patronage ( le>n+ & culture4 ,:at a pity t he _h n be5 ,k+ ( ,france :5 ,j5son return$ f ,may5ce6 ,he 0 confid5t t he c\ld become ! ,mc5as ( ! arts & ! fa!r ( lett]s1 & /ill control ! insi/5ce ( ! p1 :i* increas$ /eadily ) _! gr[+ famili>ity ) _! new-f\nd weapon4 ,he det]m9$ to h 8 own pr9t]1 & 0 eag] to eclipse ev5 ! high ,/&>d ! ,italian ma/]-pr9t]s _h e/abli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,ti5ne1 #aejc-aeei ,royal ,pr9t] to ,franois ,i ,f ,engrav+ by ti5ne ,joh&i] ,desro*]s 7c4 #affa-agda7 ,rob]t ti5ne 7or ,/eph5s71 :o 9 #aedj succe$$ ,nob> z 8,pr9t] 9 ,greek to ! ,k+10 :ile n :olly accompli%+ 8 mon>*'s ambitions1 0 ! great ma/]-pr9t] ( 8 age4 ,he came f a family ( pr9t]s1 & receiv$ 8 education & inspiration l>gely f ! le>n$ m5 :o s]v$ z correctors 9 8 fa!r's (fice4 ,franois prov$ himself g5u9ely int]e/$ 9 ! productions ( 8 ,imprim]ie ,royale1 frequ5tly visit+ ti5ne at ! ,press1 & enc\rag+ him by exp5d+ va/ sums = specially design$ types1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,greek4 ,! /ory goes t on "o occasion ! ,k+ f\nd ti5ne engag$ 9 correct+ a pro( %eet1 & refus$ to p]mit ! pr9t] to be di/urb$1 insi/+ on wait+ until ! "w 0 complet$4 ,= my own collection ( great typographical monum5ts ,i w\ld select = ?is p]iod ! ,royal ,greeks ( ,rob]t ti5ne4 ,a comp>ison betwe5 ! text page1 s exquisitely balanc$ 7page #bbb71 & ! title page 7page #bbj71 :]e ! arrangem5t ( type & pr9t]'s m>k c\ld sc>cely be worse1 gives evid5ce en\gh t ev5 ! arti/-pr9t] ( t "t _h n yet grasp$ ! wond]ful opportunity a title page (f]s = self-expression4 ,probably ti5ne reg>d$ x m z a *ance to pay 8 sov]eign ! complim5t ( call+ him 8,a wise k+ & a valiant w>rior40 ,b are n ! ,greek *>act]s m>vel\sly beautiful6 ,!y 7 rightly call$ ! ,royal ,greeks6 ,! draw+s 7 made by ! celebrat$ calligraph] ,angelos ,v]getios1 ( ,c&ia1 :o 0 employ$ by ,franois to make transcripts ( ,greek texts = ! ,royal ,collection1 & ^: manuscript volumes may /ill be se5 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ,p>is4 ,e>li] fonts _h be5 bas$ ^u ?is same pr9ciple ( mak+ ! ,greek lett]s reproductions z closely z possible ( ! elaborate1 involv$1 curr5t writ+ h& ( ! day2 b ^! new designs c>ri$ out ! pr9ciple to a degree until !n unatta9$4 ,! real success ( ! und]tak+ 0 due to ! skill ( ,claude ,g>amond1 ! fam\s ,fr5* pun*cutt] & typef\nd]4 ,pi]re ,victoire qua9tly comm5ts3 ,besides ga!r+ f all qu>t]s ! rema9s ( ,hell5ic lit]ature1 ,franois ,i add$ ano!r b5efit1 itself mo/ valuable1 to ! adornm5t ( ?is same honorable craft ( pr9t+2 = he provid$ by ! (f] ( l>ge moneys = ! mak+ ( extremely graceful lett]s1 bo? ( ,greek & ,lat94 ,9 ?is also he 0 =tunate1 = !y 7 s nimbly & s delicately devis$ t x c sc>ce be conceiv$ t human wit may compass any?+ m da9ty & exquisite2 s t books pr9t$ f ^! types d n m]ely invite ! read]1--!y draw him1 s to say1 by an irresi/ible attraction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ti5ne',s ,,royal ,,greeks1 ,p>is1 #aeej ,title ,page 7#aj #f in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,page %[+ ti5ne's ,roman ,face 7,exact size7 ,illu/ration3 ,,ti5ne',s ,,royal ,,greeks ,text ,page 7#aj #f in*es7 ,f ,novum ,jesu ,*ri/i ,d4 ,n4 ,te/am5tum1 ,p>is1 #aeej ,( c\rse1 !y 7 too beautiful to be practical4 ,9 ! ,roman lett]s typecutt]s _h already f\nd t h& lett]+ c\ld no m be translat$ directly into ! =m ( type ?an a pa9t+ c be translat$ directly into a tape/ry1 )\t sacrific+ "s ( ! *>act]i/ic features ( ea*4 ,) ! ,greek lett]s1 ! problem 0 ev5 m difficult1 & ! ,royal ,greeks (f]$ no end ( complications to ! compositors1 & add$ disa/r\sly to ! exp5se ( ! production4 ,:5 ,plant9 came along1 he bas$ 8 ,greek type ^u ti5ne's1 b 8 modifications make x m practical4 ,comp>e ! ,royal ,greeks ) ,plant9's ,greek on page #bca & see h[ mu* beauty & v>iety 0 lo/ 9 ! revision4 ,franois ,i f\nd himself 9 an impossible position betwe5 8 desire to enc\rage ti5ne 9 8 publications & ! t]rific pressure br\ght to be> by ! ecclesia/ical c5sors4 ,j z ! p _h awak5$ to ! value ( books1 n to put on %elves1 b to read 9 ord] to "k1 s _h ! ,*ur* recogniz$ ! importance ( controll+ & influ5c+ :at ^? books conta9$4 ,?r\gh\t ,rob]t ti5ne's entire t5ure ( (fice !re rag$ a conflict :i* n only s]i\sly int]f]$ ) 8 "w1 b di/9ctly hamp]$ ! developm5t ( lit]ature4 ,_h ,franois liv$ long]1 ti5ne's volumes might h rea*$ a level equal to t atta9$ by 8 ,italian pr$ecessors1 b ,h5ri ,,ii 0 no mat* = ! c5sors4 ,9 #aeeb ,rob]t ti5ne1 worn out by ! con/ant /ruggles1 transf]r$ 8 (fice to ,g5eva1 :]e he di$ sev5 ye>s lat]4 ,8 son ,h5ri cont9u$ 8 "w1 b except = 8 ,!saurus produc$ little ( typographical int]e/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,_h x n be5 = ?is bitt] c5sor%ip1 ,france might h held h] supremacy = at lea/ ano!r half-c5tury2 b ) ! exp]i5ces ( ,rob]t ti5ne /ill 9 m9d1 x is easily und]/ood :y ! ,fr5*man1 ,*ri/ophe ,plant91 9 :om surg$ ! det]m9ation to become a ma/]-pr9t]1 s\ght to e/abli% himself else:]e4 ,by ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury ,antw]p _h assum$ ! pr\d position ( lead+ city ( ,europe4 ,! success t came to ! ,ne!rl&]s 9 comm]ce z a result ( _! g5ius & ent]prise lat] /imulat$ _! int]e/ 9 matt]s ( religion1 politics1 & lit]ature4 ,j z ! t5d5cies ( ! times caus$ ! p5dulum to sw+ away f ,italy to ,france1 s n[ x swung f ,france t[>d ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,i _h nev] be=e realiz$ t1 ) ! possible exception ( c]ta9 communities 9 ,italy1 :]e ! old intellectual atmosph]e /ill obta9$1 !re 0 no c\ntry 9 ! _w 9 :i* culture & intellig5ce 7 s g5]ally diffus$ dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,h[ mu* m ?an typography ^! volumes h taught me6 ,x 0 inevitable t ! art ( pr9t+ %\ld f9d 9 ,belgium its natural opportunity = supreme expression4 ,at ! "t ,plant9 turn$ 8 eyes 9 ! direction ( ,antw]p1 "o entire qu>t] ( t city 0 devot$ to ! manufacture ( books4 ,?is app>5tly disc\rag$ him1 = at fir/ he e/abli%$ himself z a bookb9d] a little way out ( ! city4 ,lat] he add$ a %op = ! sale ( books2 b 9 #aeee he mov$ boldly into ,antw]p1 becom+ a full-fl$g$ pr9t] & publi%]1 soon demon/rat+ 8 "r to recognition z ! ma/]-pr9t] ( 8 "t4 ,by ?is "t ! words ( ,lu!r _h attract$ ! att5tion ( ! ,*ri/ian _w m p>ticul>ly ?an ev] to ! ,bible4 ,! p consid]$ x ! s+le basis ( _! fai?1 & ^u _! famili>ity ) x dep5d$ _! pres5t & future welf>e4 ,x 0 natural t !y %\ld atta* ! greate/ importance to ! possession ( ! mo/ au!ntic edition ( ! orig9al text4 ,:at m glori\s task1 !n1 c\ld a pr9t] take ^u himself ?an to provide correct texts1 to translate !m ) scrupul\s exactitude1 & to produce ) ! greate/ p]fection ! s+le book ^u :i* 0 bas$ ! welf>e ( m5 & ( empires6 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ri/ophe ,,plant91 #aead-aehi ,f ,engrav+ by ,edme de ,b\lonois 7c4 #aeej7 ,?is 0 ! inspiration t came to ,*ri/ophe ,plant91 & :i* gradually took =m 9 ! ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ! great typographic a*ievem5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,on ! left-h& page %\ld appe> ! orig9al ,hebrew text1 & 9 a p>allel column %\ld be a r5d]+ into ! ,vulgate 7page #bcj74 ,on ! "r-h& page ! ,greek v]sion w\ld be pr9t$1 & beside x a ,lat9 translation 7page #bca74 ,at ! foot ( ea* page %\ld be a ,*aldean p>aphrase4 ,antw]p 0 !n "u ,spani% dom9ation4 ,plant9 at once op5$ negotiations ) ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa91 & 0 f9ally successful 9 secur+ f t mon>* an agreem5t to subsidize ! und]tak+1--a promise :i* un=tunately 0 nev] kept4 ,x is probable t ! ,k+ 0 influ5c$ t[>d a favorable decision by ! /ruggle t occurr$ betwe5 ,frank=t1 ,heidelb]g1 & ev5 ,p>is1 = ! honor ( be+ associat$ ) ! great "w4 ,philip subscrib$ = ?irte5 copies ^u p>*m5t1 & agre$ to pay ,plant9 #ba1bjj flor9s4 ,he /ipulat$1 h[ev]1 t ! "w %\ld be execut$ "u ! p]sonal sup]vision ( "o ,arias ,montanus1 :om he w\ld s5d ov] f ,spa94 ,plant9 accept$ ?is condition ) "s misgiv+s1 b ^u 8 arrival ,montanus captivat$ all by 8 p]sonal *>m & pr(\nd le>n+4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #aefe1 ,plant9 employ$ ,rob]t ,gr&jon1 an engrav] ( ,lyons1 to cut ! ,greek *>act]s = ! "w1 bas+ 8 font ^u ! ,royal ,greeks4 ,!y are /ill beautiful because !y are /ill unpractical1 b !y _c comp>e ) _! models any m ?an lat] fonts ( ,greek1 cut ) ! rigid requirem5ts ( typography 9 m9d1 c comp>e ) ^!4 ,gr&jon also suppli$ ,plant9 ) all 8 ,roman1 & "p ( 8 ,hebrew types1 ! balance be+ cut by ,guillaume ,le ,b1 ( ,p>is1 ,haut9 ( ,ro*elle1 ,van d] ,ke]e ( ,t\rs1 & ,corneille ,bomb]ghe ( ,cologne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plant9',s ,,biblia ,,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh ,title ,page 7#ac #h in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,page ( ,preface f ,plant9's ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh 7#ac #h in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,text ,page ( ,plant9's ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh 7#ac #h in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,text ,page ( ,plant9's ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh 7#ac #h in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,,plant9',s ,,biblia ,,polyglotta1 ,antw]p1 #aefh ,second ,page 7#ac #h in*es7 ,! eight massive p>ts ( ! ,biblia ,polyglotta appe>$ dur+ ! ye>s #aefh to #aegc4 ,! fir/ volume op5s ) a spl5did engrav$ title1 repres5t+ ! union ( ! p 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & ! f\r languages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7opp4 page74 ,9 ! l[]1 "r-h& corn] appe>s ! fam\s ,plant9 m>k4 ,imm$iately foll[+ are two o!r engrav$ plates 7page #bcb71 illu/rative z well z decorative 9 _! nature4 ,"o ( ^! pages gives to ! fai?less ,philip an undes]v$ immortality4 ,!re are also s+le full-page engrav+s at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? & fif? volumes4 ,twelve copies 7 pr9t$ on vellum = ,k+ ,philip4 ,a ?irte5? copy on vellum 0 nev] complet$4 ,9 addition to ^!1 t5 o!r copies 7 pr9t$ on l>ge ,italian imp]ial pap]1 & 7 sold at #bjj flor9s p] copy4 ,!re 7 #cjj copies on imp]ial pap] at #ajj flor9s1 & #ifj pr9t$ on f9e royal ,troyes pap]1 :i* 7 (f]$ to ! public at #gj flor9s ea*1 ) t5 flor9s disc\nt to libr>ies4 ,"o ( ! vellum copies 0 pres5t$ by ! ,k+ to ! ,pope1 ano!r to ! ,duke ( ,alba1 & /ill a ?ird to ! ,duke ( ,savoy1 ! rema9+ copies be+ left 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,escurial4 ,k+ ,philip 0 s pleas$ ) ! volumes t he creat$ ,plant9 ,prototypographe1 rul] ov] all ! pr9t]s 9 ! city1--a polite & inexp5sive way ( escap+ 8 obligations4 ,! _w acclaim$ a new ma/]-pr9t]2 b ^! honors meant little to press+ cr$itors4 ,:at a s]ies ( mis=tunes ,plant9 endur$6 ,/abb$ by a miscreant :o mi/ook him = "s "o else2 hamp]$ by c5sor%ip 9 spite ( previ\s assurances ( lib]ty 9 publications2 8 prop]ty wip$ out aga9 & aga9 by ! cla%es ( arms :i* f9ally co/ ,antw]p h] pre-em95ce2 =ev] 9 debt1 & hav+ to sell 8 books bel[ co/1 & to sacrifice 8 libr>y to meet press+ f9ancial obligations2--yet always ris+ above 8 calamities1 he c>ri$ on 8 pr9t+ (fice until 8 dea? 9 #aehi1 :5 he left a com=table =tune ( above #bjj1jjj4 ,hi/orically1 ,plant9's contribution to ! art ( pr9t+ c sc>cely be ov]e/imat$1 yet te*nically he %\ld be includ$ 9 ! second r ?an ! fir/ gr\p ( e>ly ma/]-pr9t]s4 ,! c5tury t _h elaps$ s9ce ,gut5b]g _h remov$ _m ( ! me*anical difficulties :i* _h be5 ob/acles to 8 pr$ecessors4 ,! pr9t] c\ld n[ secure pr9t$ copy to be edit$ & improv$4 ,s*ol>s 7 easily obta9able f ! univ]sities = edit+ & pro(read+4 ,pr9t+ ma*9]y c\ld be pur*as$ in/ead ( be+ manufactur$ f orig9al models4 ,! sale ( books _h be5 greatly sy/ematiz$4 ,a pr9t] c\ld n[ devote himself to 8 art )\t divid+ himself into v>i\s semi-relat$ p>ts4 ,plant9 prov$ himself a bus9ess man4 ,:o else ev] e/abli%$ a pr9t+ or publi%+ bus9ess on su* an endur+ basis t x cont9u$ = ?ree hundr$ ye>s6 ,9 bequea?+ x to 8 daught] & 8 son-9-law1 ,moretus1 ,plant9 made ! int]e/+ injunction t ! pr9t+ (fice 0 always to be ma9ta9$ by ! son or successor :o 0 mo/ compet5t to manage x4 ,if no son qualifi$1 !n ! successor mu/ be select$ outside ! family4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 !re 7 sons :o1 ea* 9 8 g5]ation b ) dim9i%+ ability1 prov$ 8 "r to assume ! responsibility1 & ! bus9ess 0 actually cont9u$ 9 ! family d[n to #ahfg4 ,a few ye>s lat] ! prop]ty 0 pur*as$ by ! city ( ,antw]p = #a1bjj1jjj francs1 & turn$ into a public museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,device ( ,*ri/ophe ,plant9 ,i nev] visit ! ,plant9 ,museum at ,antw]p )\t feel+ t ,i h come clos] to ! old ma/]-pr9t]s & _! ideals4 ,"h is ! only great pr9t+ e/abli%m5t ( ! pa/ t "t & ! inroads ( man h left intact4 ,! beauty ( ! build+1 ! h>mony ( ! surr\nd+s1 ! old portraits1 ! com=t yet ! ta/e %[n 9 ! liv+-rooms1--all %[ t ! arti/-pr9t] s\ght ! same elem5ts 9 8 life t he express$ 9 8 "w4 ,ent]+ f ! ,m>* du ,v5dr$i1 ,i f9d myself face to face ) a small tablet ov] ! door on :i* is ! device ( ,*ri/ophe ,plant91 8fir/ pr9t] to ! ,k+1 & ! k+ ( pr9t]s40 ,"h ! famili> h&1 grasp+ a pair ( compasses1 rea*es d[n f ! cl\ds1 hold+ ! compasses s t "o leg /&s at re/ :ile ! o!r describes a circle1 enclos+ ! leg5d ,labore et ,con/antia4 ,)9 ! h\se "o f9ds ! actual types1 & presses1 & designs by ,rub5s & o!r fam\s arti/s1 t 7 employ$ 9 mak+ ! ,plant9 books4 ,! rooms 9 :i* ! ma/] pr9t] liv$ make 8 p]sonality v real4 ,9 ^? days a man's bus9ess 0 8 life1 & ! home & ! work%op 7 n f> sep>at$4 ,"h ! family life & ! mak+ ( books 7 s closely int]wov5 t ! visitor c sc>cely tell :]e "o leaves (f & ! o!r beg9s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! vocabul>y ( booklov]s1 ! "n ,elzevir sugge/s some?+ p>ticul>ly *oice & unique 9 ! mak+ ( books4 ,^! volumes _c comp>e favorably ) _m products ( ! press :i* prec$$ & foll[$ !m1 yet ! pre/ige :i* att5d$ _! publication has endur$ d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,! orig9al popul>ity ( ! ,elzevirs 0 due to ! fact t aft] a c5tury ( degradation1 "s "o at la/ und]took to reclaim pr9t+ f ! dep?s4 ,pr9t+1 aft] rea*+ su* heights s soon aft] its beg9n+s1 _h /eadily decl9$4 ,! art may really be said to h _h its orig9 9 ,italy1 z ! "w f ,gut5b]g's (fice1 :ile extraord9>y & epo*-mak+1 c\ld n rank ) ! be/ ( ! fifte5?-c5tury ,italian productions4 ,! ,fr5* volumes ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury 7 spl5did examples ( typography & presswork1 b !y did n equal ^? ( _! ,italian pr$ecessors4 ,*ri/ophe ,plant9's "w 9 ,antw]p 0 typographically unimportant except = 8 ,biblia ,polyglotta2 & aft] ,plant91 :i* takes u to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 pr9t+ pass$ f an art into a trade4 ,! ,elzevirs 7 craftsm5 r ?an arti/s1 b ! be/ craftsm5 ( _! p]iod4 ,all ?is 0 a natural reaction4 ,! book-buy+ public _h come to dem& ! cont5ts ( ! book at a *eap] price r ?an volumes ( great] te*nical excell5ce at a correspond+ly high] co/4 ,z we h se51 ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz _h ru9$ !mselves by _! exp]im5ts 9 ,greek2 ! ,ald9e ,press 0 sav$ f bankruptcy only by ! int]v5tion ( ,groli]4 ,h5ri ti5ne1 son ( ! great ,rob]t ti5ne1 :o endeavor$ to emulate 8 fa!r's spl5did "w1 came to f9ancial grief 9 produc+ 8 ,!saurus2 & ,plant9 c\ld n h )/ood ! dra9 ( 8 ,biblia ,polyglotta _h x n be5 t he 0 comm]cially f>-sight$ en\gh to turn 8 plant ov] to ! manufacture ( inexp5sive & less c>efully made books4 ,by ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury *eap] pap]1 made 9 ,switz]l&1 came into ! m>ket1 & ?is inf]ior1 unblea*$ product l>gely replac$ ! s(t1 f9e pap] ( ,italian & ,fr5* manufacture :i* _h contribut$ 9 no small "p to ! beauty ( ! pr9t$ pages4 ,ink manufactur]s _h le>n$ h[ to produce *eap] & poor] ink1 & ! types !mselves1 ?r\gh con/ant use1 _h become worn d[n to su* an ext5t t real excell5ce 0 impossible4 ,holl& 0 ! natural successor to ,belgium 9 ! supremacy ( pr9t+4 ,! deva/ations ( w> _h br\ght trade to a /&/ill 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 :ile ! city ( ,leyd5 _h won ! att5tion & admiration ( ! _w = its h]oic resi/ance dur+ ! long ,spani% siege4 ,to commemorate ?is ev5t1 ,william ( ,orange1 9 #aege1 f\nd$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,leyd51 :i* quickly took high rank among s*ol>s1 & became ! intellectual & lit]>y c5t] ( ,europe4 ,?i!r ! battle-sc>r$ ,plant9 betook himself at ! sugge/ion ( ,lipsius1 ! hi/orian1 :o 0 n[ a pr(essor 9 ! new ,univ]sity4 ,9 ,leyd51 ,plant9 e/abli%$ a bran* pr9t+ (fice4 ,he 0 made ,pr9t] to ! ,univ]sity1 & = a "t expect$ to rema9 "h1 b ! old man c\ld n br+ himself to volunt>y exile f 8 belov$ ,antw]p4 ,plant9's ,leyd5 pr9t+ (fice _h be5 plac$ 9 *>ge ( ,l\is ,elzevir1 & :5 ! vet]an pr9t] det]m9$ to return to ,antw]p x w\ld h seem$ natural = him to leave x 9 ,l\is ,elzevir's h&s in/ead ( turn+ x ov] to 8 son-9-law1 ,raphel5gius4 ,?is ,elzevir1 h[ev]1 al?\gh ! f\nd] ( ! great ,elzevir h\se1 0 n a practical pr9t]1 be+ m int]e/$ 9 booksell+ & publi%+2 s di/9ction 9 pr9t+ did n come to ! family until ,isaac1 ,l\is ,elzevir's gr&son1 became ,pr9t] to ! ,univ]sity 9 #afbj4 ,fifte5 ye>s lat]1 ,bonav5tura & ,abraham ,elzevir made ! "n fam\s ?r\gh _! editions ( ,t]5ce1 ,cs>1 & ,pl9y4 ,up to ?is "t ! favorite =mat _h be5 ! qu>to volume1 runn+ ab\t #ab by #ah in*es 9 size4 ,! ,elzevirs boldly dep>t$ f ! beat5 pa?1 & produc$ volumes runn+ z small z #b by #d in*es4 ,!y cut types ( small size1 %[+ no special orig9ality b bas$ on good ,italian models1 & issu$ editions :i* at fir/ met ) small favor4 8,! ,elzevirs are c]ta9ly great typograph]s10 ! s*ol> ,deput wrote to ,he9sius 9 #afbi4 8,i c b ?9k1 h[ev]1 t _! reputation w suff] 9 connection ) ^! trifl+ little volumes ) su* sl5d] type40 ,contr>y to ?is pr$iction1 ! new =mat gradually ga9$ favor1 & f9ally became firmly e/abli%$4 ,! be/ publi%]-pr9t]s 9 ,france & ,italy copi$ ! ,elzevir model1 & ! folios & ! qu>tos ( ! prec$+ ages w5t entirely out ( /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elzevir',s ,,t]5ce1 #afce ,engrav$ ,title ,page 7,exact size7 ,illu/ration3 ,,elzevir',s ,,t]5ce1 ,leyd51 #afce ,text ,pages 7#d #b in*es7 ,! ,t]5ce ( #afce is ! volume ,i select$ = my collection 7page #bdb74 ,:ile n really beautiful1 x is a *>m+ little book4 ,! copp]-plate title 7page #bda7 s]ves n only its orig9al purpose b is also an illu/ration4 ,! ,elzevirs 7 wise en\gh to g back a hundr$ ye>s & revive ! practice ( ! copp]-plate title1 :i* _h be5 disc>d$ by int]m$iate pr9t]s because ( its exp5se4 ,! types !mselves1 f> sup]ior to o!r fonts 9 use at t "t by o!r pr9t]s1 7 especially design$ = ! ,elzevirs by ,*ri/(fel van ,dyck4 ,! int]spac+ ( ! capitals & ! small capitals1 ! arrangem5t ( ! m>g9s1 & ! g5]al lay\t all %[ ta/e & k ( typographical prec$5t4 ,! presswork w\ld appe> to bett] advantage except = ! impossibility ( secur+ ink ( consi/5t quality4 ,! ,elzevirs %[$ a great advance 9 bus9ess organization ov] any ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,fre$ f oppressive c5sor%ip1 !y 7 able to issue a long li/ ( volumes :i* 7 dispos$ ( ?r\gh connections e/abli%$ 9 ! pr9cipal book c5t]s ( ,italy1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,sc&9avia1 z well z ?r\gh\t ! ,ne!rl&s !mselves4 ,!re is no record ( any ,elzevir publication prov+ a failure2 b1 by ! same tok51 "o _c say t ! ,elzevirs accompli%$ z mu* = ! art to :i* !y devot$ !mselves z did ! ma/]-pr9t]s 9 ^: /eps !y foll[$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,curi\sly en\gh1 x 0 n until ! eighte5? c5tury t ,engl& produc$ volumes :i* 7 pre-em95t 9 any p]iod4 ,caxton's "w1 extraord9>y z x 01 compet$ aga9/ books made at ! same "t 9 ,v5ice by ,j5son1 & 7 n equal to ^! ,italian ma/]pieces4 ,i h a leaf f a ,caxton volume :i* ,i (t5 place beside my ,j5son volume1 & ! comp>ison always increases my wond] & admiration = ! great ,italian pr9t]4 ,caxton's "w 0 epo*-mak+1 b until ,john ,bask]ville issu$ 8 ,virgil 9 ,birm+ham1 9 #ageg1 ,engl& _h n produc$ a volume t /ood out1 at ! mom5t ( its publication1 z ! be/ ( its "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,bask]ville 7#agjf-agge7 ,john ,bask]ville is "o ( ! mo/ unique *>act]s to be f\nd 9 ! annals ( pr9t+4 ,he _h be5 9 turn a footman1 a writ+ tea*]1 an engrav] ( slate grave/ones1 & ! proprietor ( a successful japann+ e/abli%m5t4 ,he %[$ no special int]e/ 9 types or books until middle age1 & aft] he _h amass$ a =tune4 ,!n1 sudd5ly1 he design$ & cut types :i* compet$ successfully ) ! fam\s ,caslon fonts1 & produc$ 8 ,virgil1 :i*1 z ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 wrote 9 pres5t+ a copy to ! ,h>v>d ,college ,libr>y1 0 8?\ght to be ! mo/ curi\sly pr9t$ ( any book hi!rto done 9 ! _w40 ,macaulay call$ x1 8,! fir/ ( ^? magnific5t editions :i* w5t =? to a/oni% all ! libr>ians ( ,europe40 ,! ,bask]ville types 7 at fir/ receiv$ ) scant praise1 al?\gh ev5 ! sev]e/ critics admitt$ t ! ,italic *>act]s1 f :i* 0 elim9at$ t cramp$ design se5 9 ! ,italics ( o!r f\ndries ( ! p]iod1 7 ess5tially beautiful4 ,a lett] writt5 by ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 to ,bask]ville 9 #agfj is ( amus+ int]e/3 ,let me give y a pleasant in/ance ( ! prejudice "s h ent]ta9$ aga9/ y\r "w4 ,soon aft] ,i return$1 disc\rs+ ) a g5tleman conc]n+ ! arti/s ( ,birm+ham1 he said y w\ld be ! means ( bl9d+ all ! read]s ( ! nation1 = ! /rokes ( y\r lett]s be+ too ?9 & n>r[1 hurt ! eye1 & he c\ld nev] read a l9e ( !m )\t pa94 8,i ?\ght10 said ,i1 8y 7 go+ to compla9 ( ! gloss on ! pap] "s object to40 8,no1 no10 said he1 8,i h he>d t m5tion$1 b x is n t2 x is 9 ! =m & cut ( ! lett]s !mselves1 !y h n t height & ?ickness ( ! /roke :i* makes ! common pr9t+ s mu* m com=table to ! eye40 ,y see ?is g5tleman 0 a connoisseur4 ,9 va9 ,i endeavor$ to support y\r "* aga9/ ! *>ge2 he knew :at he felt1 & c\ld see ! reason ( x1 & sev]al o!r g5tlem5 among 8 fri5ds _h made ! same obs]vation1 etc4 ,ye/]day he call$ to visit me1 :51 mis*iev\sly b5t to try 8 judgm5t1 ,i /epp$ into my closet1 tore (f ! top ( ,mr4 ,caslon's ,specim51 & produc$ x to him z y\rs1 br\ght ) me f ,birm+ham1 say+1 ,i _h be5 exam9+ x1 s9ce he spoke to me1 & c\ld n = my life p]ceive ! disproportion he m5tion$1 desir+ him to po9t x out to me4 ,he readily und]took x1 & w5t ov] ! sev]al f\nts1 %[+ me ev]y:]e :at he ?\ght in/ances ( t disproportion2 & decl>$1 t he c\ld n !n read ! specim5 )\t feel+ v /rongly ! pa9 he _h m5tion$ to me4 ,i sp>$ him t "t ! confusion ( be+ told1 t ^! 7 ! types he _h be5 read+ all 8 life1 ) s mu* ease to 8 eyes2 ! types 8 ador$ ,newton is pr9t$ )1 on :i* he has por$ n a little2 nay1 ! v types 8 own book is pr9t$ ) 7= he is himself an au?or71 & yet nev] discov]$ ! pa9ful disproportion 9 !m1 till he ?\ght !y 7 y\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,title ,page ( ,bask]ville's ,virgil1 ,birm+ham1 #ageg 7#h #e in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,text ,page ( ,bask]ville's ,virgil1 ,birm+ham1 #ageg 7#h #e in*es7 ,! ,virgil itself1 beyond ! int]e/ t exi/s 9 its type1 %[s grace & dignity 9 its composition & m>g9s4 ,= ! fir/ "t we h a type title 7page #bdg7 t %[s a pr9t]'s appreciation ( its possibilities4 ,bask]ville affect$ extreme simplicity1 employ+ no head or tail pieces & no ornam5tal initials to accompli% 8 effects 7page #bdi74 ,! copy ( ,bask]ville's ,virgil 9 my libr>y conta9s a copp]-plate frontispiece4 ,! adv]tisem5t :i* p>ticul>ly emphasiz$ ?is feature excit$ my curiosity1 z no book ( ,bask]ville's is kn[n to h conta9$ illu/rations4 ,:5 ,i secur$ ! copy ,i f\nd t ! frontispiece 0 a /eel engrav+ /amp$ on wat]-m>k$ pap] :i* indicat$ its age to be at lea/ two hundr$ ye>s e>li] ?an ! publication ( ! book4 ,! own] ( ?is p>ticul> copy _h ins]t$ ! illu/ration 9 re-b9d+1 & x 0 no "p ( ! orig9al edition6 ,! glossy pap] ref]r$ to 9 ,frankl9's lett] 0 an outcome ( ,bask]ville's e>li] bus9ess exp]i5ce4 ,x occurr$ to him t type w\ld pr9t bett] ^u highly f9i%$ pap]1 & t ?is f9i% c\ld be secur$ by press+ ! regul> book pap] ( ! "t betwe5 heat$ japan plates made at 8 own e/abli%m5t4 ,bask]ville is entitl$ to ! cr$it ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ pr9t] to use highly f9i%$ pap]1 &1 beyond ?is1 z ,dibd9 says ( him1 8,he unit$1 9 a s+ul>ly happy mann]1 ! elegance ( ,plant9 ) ! cle>ness ( ! ,elzevirs40 99 99 99 99 99 ,int]e/ 9 ! ,bask]ville books1 & 9 fact 9 all books pr9t$ 9 :at is kn[n z 8old-/yle0 type1 ceas$ sudd5ly ) ! inexplicable popul>ity atta9$ ab\t #ahjj by ! s-call$ 8mod]n0 face4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ! old-/yle lett] are heavy asc5d+ & desc5d+ /rokes ) small s]ifs1 :]eas ! mod]n face acc5tuates ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! light & ! heavy l9es1 & has m angul> s]ifs4 ,! engrav$ "w ( ,?omas ,bewick1 9 ,engl&1 ! publication ( ! ,rac9e by ! ,didots1 & ! ,bodoni volumes 9 ,italy1 (f]$ ! public an absolute innovation f ! types ) :i* !y _h be5 famili> s9ce ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 & ! new designs leap$ into su* popul> favor t _m ( ! f\ndries de/roy$ ! matrices ( _! old-/yle faces1 believ+ t ! call = !m _h =ev] disappe>$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 n until ! ,london publi%] ,pick]+ reviv$ ! old-/yle lett] 9 #ahdd1 t ! mod]n face _h any competition4 ,s9ce !n ! two /yles h be5 ma9ta9$ side by side4 ,?us ! second supremacy ( ,france came f a *ange 9 public ta/e r ?an f economic causes4 ,= a "t !re 0 a "q :e!r ,bodoni w\ld w9 ! di/9ction = ,italy or ! ,didots = ,france1 b ! ,fr5* pr9t]s possess$ a typographical backgr\nd t ,bodoni lack$1 & 9 _! ,rac9e produc$ a ma/]piece :i* surpasses any production f ! ,bodoni ,press4 ,! ,didots 7 n only pr9t]s & publi%]s1 b manufactur$ pap] & inv5t$ ! process ( /]eotyp+4 ,:ile ,m9i/] to ,france1 9 #aghj1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 visit$ ! ,didot e/abli%m5t1 &1 seiz+ ! h&le ( a press1 /ruck (f sev]al copies ( a =m ) su* pr(essional famili>ity z to cause a/oni%m5t4 8,don't be surpris$10 ,frankl9 exclaim$ smil+4 8,?is1 y "k1 is my real bus9ess40 ,9 #agig1 ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior plac$ at ! disposal ( ,pi]re ,didot l'an t portion ( ! ,l\vre :i* _h =m]ly be5 occupi$ by ! ,imprim]ie ,royale4 ,"h 0 begun1 & complet$ 9 #ahja1 an edition ( ,rac9e 9 ?ree volumes t ar\s$ ! en?usiasm ( booklov]s all ov] ! _w1 & br\ght to ,pi]re ,didot ! glory ( be+ recogniz$ z a ma/]-pr9t] wor?y to assume ! mantle ( ,rob]t ti5ne4 ,?is is ! typographic a*ievem5t ,i w\ld select z ! ma/]piece ( its p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,didot',s ,,rac9e1 ,p>is1 #ahja ,a ,frontispiece ,design$ by ,prud'hon4 ,engrav$ by ,m>ius 7#ab #h in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,title ,page ( ,didot's ,rac9e1 ,p>is1 #ahja 7#ab #h in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,op5+ ,page ( ,didot's ,rac9e1 ,p>is1 #ahja ,illu/ration3 ,text ,page ( ,didot's ,rac9e1 ,p>is1 #ahja ,illu/ration3 ,,firm9 ,,didot1 #agcj-ahjd ,f ,engrav+ by ,pi]re ,gu/ave ,eug5e ,/aal 7#ahag-ahhb7 ,! l>ge qu>to volumes conta9 ne>ly five hundr$ pages ea*4 ,! type 0 design$ & cut by ,firm9 ,didot 9 conjunction )1 or possibly 9 collaboration ) ,giambatti/a ,bodoni1 ( ,p>ma1 ,italy4 ,s closely d ! two faces mat* t ! simil>ity ( _! design c\ld sc>cely h be5 a co9cid5ce 7see page #ha74 ,!re is a peculi> *>m 9 ! unusual l5g? ( ! asc5d+ & desc5d+ *>act]s2 !re is a grace 9 ! sl5d] capitals 9 spite ( ! ultra-ref9em5t2 !re is satisfaction 9 hav+ ! weight ( ! ,italic lett] approa* t ( ! ,roman1 ?us prev5t+ ! usual blemi% :i* ! light] fac$ ,italic gives to an o!rwise p]fectly balanc$ page4 ,! figures1 really a cross betwe5 ! old /yle & ! mod]n1 h a di/9ct individuality entirely lo/ 9 ! s-call$ 8l9+0 figures :i* ^? :o h copi$ ?is face 9 ,am]ica h introduc$ z an 8improvem5t40 ,! ,rac9e conta9s magnific5t /eel engrav+s1 ( :i* "o is reproduc$ at page #bec4 ,! h&made pap] is a return to ! beautiful %eets ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ! presswork--! type j bit+ into ! pap] )\t leav+ an impression on ! rev]se side--is sup]bly *>act]i/ic ( ! be/ ,fr5* workman%ip4 ,! vellum copies %[ ! "w at its be/4 ,! engrav+s /& out almo/ z orig9al et*+s4 ,! ink is ! d5se/ black ,i ev] saw4 ,didot succe$$ 9 ov]com+ ! oil 9 ! vellum )\t ! *alk surface t is giv5 to ! ,morris vellum1 ! ink be+ s heavy t x is slightly rais$4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ?is aft] my own exp]im5ts 9 pr9t+ my humani/ic ,petr>* on vellum4 ,at ! ,exposition ( #ahja1 9 ,p>is1 ! ,rac9e 0 proclaim$ by a ,fr5* jury ! 8mo/ p]fect typographic product ( any c\ntry & ( any age40 ,is ?is n too high praise8 ,to h equal$ ! ,italian ma/]pieces ( ! fifte5? c5tury w\ld h be5 en\gh glory = any pr9t] to claim6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,rac9e 0 a /ep 9 ! direction ( reclaim+ typography f ! trade :i* x _h become1 b x 0 left = ,william ,morris to place pr9t+ squ>ely back among ! arts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,morris1 #ahcd-ahif ,f ,portrait by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,r4 ,a4 ,pa9t$ 9 #ahhj ,national ,portrait ,gall]y1 ,london ,morris 0 ne>ly sixty ye>s ( age :5 he f9ally settl$ ^u ! book z ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* to express 8 message to ! _w4 ,! ,morris wall pap]s1 ! ,morris *air1 ! ,morris end pap]s1 are among 8 e>li] exp]im5ts1 all suffici5tly unique to p]petuate 8 "n2 yet 8 "w z a pr9t] is :at gave him undy+ glory4 ,! ,kelmscott ,*auc] is 8 ma/]piece1 & mu/ be includ$ :5ev] great typographic monum5ts are nam$4 ,= ?is ! decorator-pr9t] cut a small] size ( 8 ,go?ic font1 secur$ ! co-op]ation ( ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones z illu/rator1 & set himself ! task ( design+ ! initial lett]s1 bord]s1 & decorations4 ,?is 0 9 #ahib1 & = f\r ye>s !y work$ ^u x1 "o delay foll[+ ano!r to make ,morris fe>ful t ! "w might nev] be complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,burne-,,jones1 ,b>t41 #ahcc-ahih ,f ,photograph at ! ,briti% ,museum ,! decoration = ! fir/ page 0 f9i%$ 9 ,m>*1 #ahic4 ,morris 0 entirely satisfi$ ) x1 exclaim+1 8,my eyes6 h[ good x is60 ,!n he laid ! :ole project aside = ov] a ye>1 :ile he devot$ himself to 8 metrical v]sion ( ,be[ulf4 ,9 ! meantime ,burne-,jones 0 exp]i5c+ great difficulty 9 hav+ 8 designs satisfactorily translat$ onto wood1 & ,morris dolefully rem>k$1 aft] comp>+ notes ) 8 fri5d & collaborator1 8,we %all be tw5ty ye>s at ?is rate 9 gett+ x out60 ,x 0 ,june1 #ahid1 be=e ! great "w 0 fairly "u way4 8,*auc] gett+ on well10 ,morris notes 9 8 di>y1--8su* lovely designs40 ,at ! end ( ,june he records 8 expectation ( beg9n+ ! actual pr9t+ )9 a mon?1 & t 9 ab\t ?ree mon?s m all ! pictures & ne>ly all ! bord]s w\ld be ready = ! :ole ( ! ,cant]bury ,tales4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,morris 0 ask$ if he w\ld accept ! poet-laureate%ip ( ,engl&1 made vacant by ,t5nyson's dea?1 if (f]$ to him1 & he unhesitat+ly decl9$4 ,8 heal? & /r5g? 7 noticeably fail+1 yet at ! beg9n+ ( #ahie1 less ?an two ye>s be=e 8 dea?1 he 0 completely subm]g$ by multif>i\s occupations4 ,two presses 7 runn+ ^u ! ,*auc] & /ill a ?ird ^u small] books4 ,he 0 design+ new pap] hang+s & writ+ new romances2 he 0 collaborat+ 9 ! translation ( ,heimskr+la & 0 sup]vis+ its production = ! ,saga ,libr>y2 he 0 engag$ 9 gett+ toge!r 8 spl5did collection ( ?irte5?- & f\rte5?-c5tury illum9at$ manuscripts4 ,x 0 n all smoo? sail+ ) ! ,*auc]4 ,9 #ahie ,morris discov]$ t _m ( ! %eets _h become discolor$ by "s un=tunate +r$i5t ( ! ink1 b to 8 imm5se relief he succe$$ 9 remov+ ! yell[ /a9s by blea*+4 8,! *eck ( ! ,*auc]10 he writes1 8flatt5s life = me some:at1 b ,i am go+ h>d into ! matt]1 & 9 ab\t a =tnight hope to "k ! wor/ ( x40 ,9 ,decemb] ! ,*auc] 0 suffici5tly ne> completion to enc\rage him to design a b9d+ = x4 ,ev5 "h he f\nd ano!r difficulty4 8,lea!r is n good n[10 he compla9$2 8:at us$ to take n9e mon?s to cure is n[ done 9 ?ree4 ,!y us$ to say #8,:at's longe/ 9 ! tany>d /ays lea/ "t 9 ! m>ket1' b t no long] holds good4 ,p don't "k h[ to buy n[2 !y'll take any?+40 ,morris' anxiety ov] ! ,*auc] increas$ z x came ne>] to completion4 8,i'd l x f9i%$ tomorr[60 he exclaim$4 8,e day beyond tomorr[ t x isn't done is "o too _m40 ,to a visitor1 look+ ?r\gh ! pr9t$ %eets 9 8 libr>y1 :o rem>k$ ^u ! add$ beauty ( ^? %eets t foll[ ! ,cant]bury ,tales1 :]e ! picture pages face "o ano!r 9 pairs1 ,morris exclaim$ 9 al>m1 8,n[ don't y g say+ t to ,burne-,jones or he'll be want+ to d ! fir/ "p ov] aga92 & ! wor/ ( t w\ld be t he'd want to d all ! re/ ov] aga9 because ! o!r w\ld be s mu* bett]1 & !n we %\ld nev] get done1 b be always go+ r\nd & r\nd 9 a circle40 ,! daily progress ( ! "w ^u ! ,*auc] 0 ! "o int]e/ t su/a9$ 8 wan+ en]gies4 ,! la/ ?ree blocks 7 br\ght to him on ,m>* #ba1 #ahif4 ,! ,ea/] holidays almo/ kill$ him4 8,f\r m\ldy ,sundays 9 a m\ldy r[10 he writes 9 8 di>y4 8,! press %ut & ,*auc] at a /&/ill40 ,on ,may #f all ! picture %eets 7 pr9t$ & ! block = ! title page 0 submitt$ = ,morris' approval1 ! f9al pr9t+ be+ complet$ two days lat]4 ,on ,june #b ! fir/ two b\nd copies 7 deliv]$ to him1 "o ( :i* he imm$iately s5t to ,burne-,jones1 ! o!r he plac$ 9 8 own libr>y4 ,?us ! ,kelmscott ,*auc] came to completion4 ,f\r mon?s lat] ,william ,morris 0 dead4 ,! ,*auc] _h be5 ne>ly five ye>s 9 prep>ation & ?ree & a half ye>s 9 execution4 ,! pr9t+ alone _h consum$ a ye> & n9e mon?s4 ,! volumes conta91 besides eighty-sev5 illu/rations by ,burne-,jones1 a full-page woodcut title1 f\rte5 l>ge bord]s1 eighte5 frames = pictures1 & tw5ty-six l>ge initial words1 all design$ by ,morris1 toge!r ) ! small] initials & ! design = b9d+1 :i* 0 9 :ite pigsk9 ) silv] clasps1 execut$ by ,d\glas ,cock]ell4 ,illu/ration3 ,text ,page ( ,kelmscott ,*auc]1 ,london1 #ahif 7#ae #aj in*es7 ,i h nev] felt t ! ,kelmscott volumes 7 books at all1 b 71 r1 supreme examples ( a ma/]-decorator's ta/e & skill4 ,aft] all1 a book is made to read1 & ! ,kelmscott ,*auc] is made to be look$ at4 ,! pr9ciples :i* %\ld control ! design ( ! ideal book z laid d[n by ,william ,morris _c be improv$ ^u1 b :5 he und]took to put !m into execution he f\nd himself s :olly "u ! control ( 8 decorat+ t5d5cies t he dep>t$ f> f 8 text4 ,william ,morris' "w is f> great] ?an is %[n 9 ! volumes he pr9t$4 ,he awoke ?r\gh\t ! _w an int]e/ 9 pr9t+ z an art beyond :at any o!r man has ev] accompli%$1 ! results ( :i* h be5 a vital factor 9 br++ mod]n bookmak+ to its pres5t high e/ate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x rema9$ = ,t4 ,j4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 ,morris' fri5d1 admir]1 & disciple1 to put ,morris' pr9ciples into op]ation at ! ,doves ,press1 ,london1 supplem5t$ by ,em]y ,walk]1 :o design$ ! ,doves type1--to me ! mo/ beautiful type face 9 exi/5ce4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 undi/urb$ by c\nt] int]e/s1 plodd$ along1 produc+ volumes into :i* he translat$ ,morris' ideals f> m consi/5tly ?an did ,morris himself4 8,! ,book ,beautiful10 ,cobd5-,s&]son wrote 9 8 little ma/]piece1 ,! ,ideal ,book1 8is a composite ?+ made up ( _m p>ts & may be made beautiful by ! beauty ( ea* ( its p>ts--its lit]>y cont5t1 its mat]ial or mat]ials1 its writ+ or pr9t+1 its illum9ation or illu/ration1 its b9d+ & decoration--( ea* ( its p>ts 9 subord9ation to ! :ole :i* collectively !y con/itute2 or x may be made beautiful by ! supreme beauty ( "o or m ( its p>ts1 all ! o!r p>ts subord9at+ or ev5 effac+ !mselves = ! sake ( ?is "o or m1 & ea* 9 turn be+ capable ( play+ ?is supreme "p & ea* 9 its own peculi> & *>act]i/ic way4 ,on ! o!r h& ea* contributory craft may usurp ! functions ( ! re/ & ( ! :ole1 & gr[+ beautiful beyond all b\nds ru9 = its own ! common cause40 ,! ,doves ,bible is ,cobd5-,s&]son's ma/]piece1 & "o turns to x ) relief aft] ! riot\s beauty ( ! ,morris pages4 ,x is pr9t$ ?r\gh\t 9 "o size ( type ) no leads betwe5 ! l9es & ) no p>agraphs1 ! divisions be+ indicat$ by heavy p>agraph m>ks4 ,! only decorative feature ( any description consi/s ( exce$+ly graceful initial lett]s at ! beg9n+ ( ea* new book4 ,! type is bas$ flatly ^u ,j5son's ,roman face1 & exactly answ]s ,morris' def9ition ( ! type ideal1 8,pure 9 =m1 sev]e1 )\t ne$less excresc5ces1 solid )\t ! ?ick5+ & ?9n+ ( ! l9es1 & n compress$ lat]ally40 ,! presswork is sup]b4 ,illu/ration3 ,title ,page ( ,doves ,bible1 ,london1 #aije 7#h #f in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,text ,page ( ,doves ,bible1 ,london1 #aije 7#h #f in*es7 99 99 99 99 99 ,surely no =m ( bibliomania c yield great] rew>ds 9 return = /udy & p]sev]ance4 ,! great typographical monum5ts1 dat+ f #adef to #aije1 h giv5 me a composite picture ( man's successful /ruggle to free himself f ! bonds ( ignorance4 ,i h m+l$ ) ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t & ) ! oppress$ p ( ,flor5ce2 ,i h be5 a "p ( ,franois ,i's sumptu\s ,c\rt1 & h se5 ! anxi\s faces ( ! cl]ical faction z !y read ! writ+ on ! wall2 ,i h li/5$ to ! prea*+ ( ,lu!r1 & h he>d ! ,spani% guns bomb>d+ ,antw]p2 ,i h /ood ) ! brave def5d]s ( ,leyd51 & h wat*$ ! c5t] ( le>n+ f9d its place 9 ,holl&2 ,i h enjoy$ ,b5 ,frankl9's p>ticipation 9 ! typographical ef=ts ( ,bask]ville & ,didot2 ,i h receiv$ ! inspiration ( see+ ,william ,morris & ,cobd5-,s&]son put a great art back into its rightful place4 ,^! triumphs ( ! pr9t+ press are f> m ?an books4 ,!y /& z l&m>ks *>t+ ! pa? ( culture & le>n+ ?r\gh f\r m>vel\s c5turies ,:at volume ( ! tw5tie? c5tury & :at ma/]-pr9t] %all be includ$8 ,t is yet to be det]m9$ by ! te/ ( retrospect2 b ! *oice w be m difficult to make4 ,9 ,am]ica & ,engl& hi/ory is be+ made 9 pr9t+ z an art1 & ! results are full ( hopefulness & promise ,,vii ,,! ,,spell ,,( ,,! ,,laur5ziana ,! mo/ fasc9at+ city 9 all ,europe is ,flor5ce1 & ! mo/ allur+ spot 9 all ,flor5ce is ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y4 ,!y say t !re is some?+ 9 ! peculi> atmosph]e ( antiquity t reacts curi\sly ^u ! ,anglo-,saxon temp]am5t1 produc+ an obsession s def9ite z to cause indiff]5ce to all except ! magic lure ( culture & le>n+4 ,?is is n difficult to believe aft] work+1 z ,i h1 = weeks at a "t1 9 a cell-l alcove ( ! ,laur5ziana2 = su* "w1 amid su* surr\nd+s1 possesses an indescribable lure4 ,yet my fir/ approa* to ! ,laur5ziana 0 a bitt] disappo9tm5t2 = ! bleak1 unf9i%$ faade is almo/ repell+4 ,p]haps x 0 m ( a %ock because ,i came ^u x directly f ! %e] beauty ( ! ,bapti/]y & ,giotto's ,campanile4 ,mi*elangelo plann$ to make ?is faade ! lovelie/ ( all 9 ,flor5ce1 built ( m>ble & brok5 by _m ni*es1 9 ea* ( :i* 0 to /& ! figure ( a sa9t4 ,! plans1 drawn be=e ,am]ica 0 discov]$1 /ill exi/1 yet "w has nev] ev5 be5 begun4 ,! faade rema9s unf9i%$1 )\t a w9d[ & unbrok5 save by ?ree un9vit+ doors4 ,conqu]+ my dread ( disillusionm5t1 ,i approa*$ ! ne>e/ entrance1 :i* happ5$ to be t at ! extreme "r ( ! build+ & l$ me directly into ! old ,*ur* ( ,san ,lor5zo4 ,draw+ aside ! heavy crimson curta9s1 ,i pass$ at once into a calm1 maje/ic quiet & peace :i* made ! pa/ seem v ne>4 ,i drew back into ! %ad[ ( a great pill> 9 ord] to ga9 my poise4 ,h[ completely ! tw5tie? c5tury turn$ back to ! fifte5?6 ,on ei!r side1 7 ! bronze pulpits f :i* ,savon>ola ?und]$ aga9/ ! tyranny & intrigue ( ! ,m$ici4 ,i seem$ to see ! militant figure /&+ !re1 8 eyes fla%+1 8 voice vibrat+ z he proclaim$ 8 indiff]5ce to ! p5alty he well knew he drew ^u himself by exhort+ 8 he>]s to oppose ! ma*9ations ( ! p[]ful family )9 ^: prec9cts he /ood4 ,!n1 :at a contra/6 ,! masses vani%$1 & ,i seem$ to be witness+ ! gorge\s beauty ( a ,m$ici m>riage procession4 ,aless&ro de' ,m$ici 0 /&+ b5ea? a baldac*9o1 surr\nd$ by ! pomp & glory ( all ,flor5ce1 to esp\se ! daught] ( ,*>les ,v4 ,aga9 ! sc5e *anges & ! colors fade4 ,i leave my place ( vantage & jo9 ! rev]5t ?rong surr\nd+ ! casket :i* conta9s ! mortal rema9s ( ,mi*elangelo1 & li/5 ) b[$ head to ,v>*i's eloqu5t tribute to ! great humani/4 ,! spell 0 on me6 ,walk+ d[n ! nave1 ,i turn$ to ! left & f\nd myself 9 ! ,old ,sacri/y4 ,v]roc*io's beautiful s>cophagus 9 bronze & porphyry recall$ = a mom5t ! p]sonalities & de$s ( ,pi]o & ,giovanni de' ,m$ici4 ,!n on1 into ! 8,new0 ,sacri/y1--new1 yet built f\r c5turies ago6 ,aga9 ,i paus$1 ?is "t be=e ,mi*elangelo's tomb = ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 f :i* arise ^? m>vel\s monum5ts1 8,day & ,night0 & 8,dawn & ,twilight10--! ma/]pieces ( a sup]-sculptor to p]petuate ! memory ( a sup]man6 ,a few /eps m took me to ! ,m>telli ,*apel1 &1 op5+ an inconspicu\s door1 ,i pass$ out into ! cloi/]4 ,x 0 a relief = ! mom5t to brea! ! s(t air & to f9d myself 9 ! pres5ce ( nature aft] ! t5s5ess t came f /&+ be=e su* ma/]pieces ( man4 ,maurice ,hewlett _h prep>$ me = ! 8great1 mildew$ cloi/] ) a cov]$-9 walk all ar\nd x1 built on ar*es4 ,9 ! middle a gre5 g>? ) cypresses & yews dott$ ab\t2 :5 y look up1 ! blue sky cut squ>e & ! hot tiles ( a huge dome />+ up into x40 ,f ! cloi/] ,i climb$ an anci5t /one /aircase & f\nd myself at ! foot ( "o ( ! mo/ fam\s /airways 9 ! _w4 ,at t mom5t ,i did n /op to realize h[ fam\s x 01 = my m9d _h turn$ aga9 on books1 & ,i 0 int5t on rea*+ ! ,libr>y itself4 ,at ! top ( ! /airway ,i paus$ = a mom5t at ! entrance to ! great hall1 ! ,sala di ,mi*elangiolo4 ,at la/ ,i 0 face to face ) ! ,laur5ziana6 ,illu/ration3 ,,sala ,,di ,,mi*elangiolo ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce ,be=e ,i _h complet$ my g5]al survey ( ! room1 an att5dant greet$ me c\rte\sly1 & :5 ,i pres5t$ my lett] ( introduction to ! libr>ian he b[$ l[ & l$ me ! l5g? ( ! hall4 ,! light came into ! room ?r\gh beautiful /a9$-glass w9d[s1 be>+ ! ,m$ici arms & ! ciph] ( ,giulio de' ,m$ici1 lat] ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii1 surr\nd$ by arabesque ,r5aissance designs4 ,we pass$ betwe5 ! plutei1 ^? fam\s c>v$ read+-desks design$ by ,mi*elangelo4 ,z we walk$ d[n ! aisle1 ! patt]n ( ! nutwood ceil+ seem$ reflect$ on ! brick floor1 s clev]ly 0 ! design reproduc$ 9 pa9t$ bricks4 ,gradually ,i became impress$ by ! imm5se size ( ! room1 :i* be=e ,i _h n felt because ! proportions are s p]fect4 ,doctor ,guido ,biagi1 :o 0 at t "t libr>ian1 0 seat$ at "o ( ! plutei1 /udy+ a ,m$icean illum9at$ manuscript fa/5$ to ! desk by "o ( ! fam\s old *a9s 7see page #ad74 ,he 0 a ,tuscan ( m$ium height1 r heavily built1 ) full be>d1 high =ehead1 & k9dly1 al]t eyes4 ,! comb9ation ( 8 musical ,italian voice1 8 eyes1 & 8 appeal+ smile1 made me feel at home at once4 ,lett]s ( introduction su* z m9e 7 e-day affairs ) him1 & no d\bt he expect$1 z did ,i1 to h our meet+ result 9 a few additional c\rtesies beyond :at ! t\ri/ usually receives1 & !n t ea* w\ld g 8 way4 ,i little realiz$1 z ,i pres5t$ my lett]1 t ?is meet+ 0 to be s significant1--t ! man ^: h& ,i clasp$ 0 to become my close/ fri5d1 & t ?r\gh him ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y 0 to be = me a sanctu>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,dott4 ,comm4 ,,guido ,,biagi 9 #aibd ,libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce ,aft] ! fir/ words ( greet+1 ,i said1 8,i am wond]+ h[ mu* m ,i c absorb today4 ,by mi/ake ,i came 9 ?r\gh ! *ur*1 & f\nd myself confront$ by a s]ies ( ma/]pieces s ov]p[]+ t ,i am almo/ exhau/$ by ! monum5ts ( great p]sonages & ! important ev5ts !y recall40 8,a =tunate mi/ake10 he repli$ smil+4 8,! entrance to ! ,libr>y %\ld be =ev] clos$1 & e "o =c$ to come 9 ?r\gh ! *ur* z y did1 9 ord] to absorb ! old-_w atmosph]e1 & be ready to receive :at ,i c give4--,s ?is is y\r fir/ visit8 ,y "k no?+ ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,libr>y80 8,simply t ev]y?+ 0 design$ by ,mi*elangelo1--& ! names ( "s ( ! priceless manuscripts 9 y\r collection40 8,x is n q exact to say t ev]y?+ 0 design$ by ! great ,buon>roti10 he correct$4 8,x 0 ,mi*elangelo :o conceiv$1 b ,vas>i :o design$ & execut$4 ,let me %[ y ! lett] ! great arti/ wrote to ,vas>i ab\t ! /airway y j asc5d$0 7page #bhj74 ,leav+ me = a mom5t he return$ ) a manuscript 9 8 h& :i* he read al\d3 ,!re is a c]ta9 /air t comes into my ?\ghts l a dream1 ! lett] ran2 b ,i don't ?9k x is exactly ! "o :i* ,i _h plann$ at ! "t1 see+ t x appe>s to be b a clumsy affair4 ,i w describe x = y "h1 nev]!less4 ,i took a numb] ( oval boxes1 ea* ab\t "o palm deep1 b n ( equal l5g? & bread?4 ,! fir/ & l>ge/ ,i plac$ on a pavem5t at su* di/ance f ! wall ( ! door z seem$ to be requir$ by ! great] or less] degree ( /eepness y may wi% to give ! /air4 ,ov] ?is 0 plac$ ano!r1 small] 9 all directions1 & leav+ suffici5t room on t b5ea? = ! foot to re/ on 9 asc5d+1 ?us dim9i%+ ea* /ep z x gradually retires t[>ds ! door2 ! upp]mo/ /ep be+ ( ! exact wid? requir$ = ! door itself4 ,?is "p ( ! oval /eps mu/ h two w+s1 "o "r & "o left1 ! /eps ( ! w+s to rise by simil> degree1 b n be oval 9 =m4 8,:o b a great arti/ c\ld visualize t m>vel\s /aircase ?r\gh a collection ( wood5 boxes60 ,biagi exclaim$4 8,vas>i built ?is great room1 b ! designs 7 truly ,mi*elangelo's1--ev5 to ! c>v+ ( ^! plutei10 he add$1 lay+ 8 h& on ! read+-desk f :i* he _h j ris54 8,see ^! *a9s1 :i* h held ^! volumes 9 captivity = ov] f\r hundr$ ye>s40 ,he ask$ me h[ long ,i 0 to be 9 ,flor5ce4 8,= a week10 ,i answ]$1 believ+ ! /atem5t to be tru?ful2 b ! sev5 days /ret*$ out into _m weeks be=e ,i 0 able to break ! *a9s :i* held me to ! ,libr>y z firmly z if !y 7 ! l9ks :i* = s _m ye>s _h kept ! ,m$icean treasures 9 _! hall[$ places4 8,return tomorr[10 he said4 8,ent] by ! private door1 :]e ,m>9elli w admit y4 ,i want to keep y\r m9d :olly on ! ,libr>y40 ,illu/ration3 ,,ve/ibule ( ! ,,laur5ziana ,,libr>y1 ,,flor5ce ,design$ by ,mi*elangelo ,! private door 0 ! entrance 9 ! portico ov]look+ ! cloi/]1 held sacr$ to ! libr>ian & 8 fri5ds4 ,at ! appo9t$ h\r ,i 0 admitt$1 & ,m>9elli conduct$ me imm$iately to ! little (fice set ap>t = ! use ( ! libr>ian4 8,be=e ,i exhibit my *ildr510 he said1 8,i mu/ tell y ! romantic /ory ( ?is collection4 ,y w enjoy & und]/& ! books !mselves bett] if ,i give y ! prop] backgr\nd40 ,"h is ! /ory he told me4 ,i wi% y might h he>d ! words spok5 9 ! musical ,tuscan voice3 ,f\r memb]s ( ! immortal ,m$ici family contribut$ to ! greatness ( ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 _! int]e/ 9 :i* w\ld seem to be a curi\s p>adox4 ,cosimo il ,vec*io1 fa!r ( 8 c\ntry1 0 ! f\nd]4 8,old0 ,cosimo 0 unique 9 comb9+ zeal = le>n+ & an int]e/ 9 arts & lett]s ) political corruption4 ,z 8 private =tune increas$ ?r\gh success 9 trade he discov]$ ! p[] money possess$ :5 employ$ to secure political pre/ige4 ,by exp5d+ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( flor9s ^u public works1 he gave employm5t to artisans1 & ga9$ a popul>ity = 8 family ) ! l[] classes :i* 0 ( ! utmo/ importance at critical times4 ,b5ea? ?is guise ( b5efactor exi/$ all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! tyrant & despot1 b ?r\gh 8 money he 0 able to ma9ta9 8 position z a ,mc5as :ile 8 ag5ts act$ z catspaws 9 accompli%+ 8 political ambitions4 ,old ,cosimo ackn[l$g$ to ,pope ,eug5ius t mu* ( 8 weal? _h be5 ill-gott51 & begg$ him to indicate a prop] me?od ( re/itution4 ,! ,pope advis$ him to sp5d #aj1jjj flor9s on ! ,conv5t ( ,san ,m>co4 ,to be sure t he foll[$ ?is advice ?or\ghly1 ,cosimo contribut$ m ?an #dj1jjj flor9s1 & e/abli%$ ! basis ( ! pres5t ,laur5ziana ,libr>y4 8,"s ( y\r ,am]ican philan?ropi/s mu/ h read ! private hi/ory ( ,old ,cosimo10 ,biagi rem>k$ slyly at ?is po9t4 ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t 0 ,old ,cosimo's gr&son1 & 8 contribution to ! ,libr>y 0 f> beyond :at 8 fa!r1 ,pi]o1 _h giv54 ,lor5zo 0 b tw5ty-two ye>s ( age :5 ,pi]o di$1 9 #adfi4 ,he inh]it$ no bus9ess ability f 8 gr&fa!r1 b f> surpass$ him 9 ! use he made ( lit]>y patronage4 ,lor5zo _h no idea ( rel9qui%+ control ( ! ,m$ici tyranny1 b he 0 clev] en\gh to avoid ! outw>d appe>ance ( ! despot4 ,?r\gh\t 8 life he comb9$ a real love ( arts & lett]s ) a clev]ness 9 political manipulation1 & x is sometimes difficult correctly to attribute ! purpose beh9d 8 seem+ b5evol5ces4 ,he employ$ ag5ts to travel ov] all p>ts ( ! _w to secure = him r>e & important codices to be plac$ 9 ! ,m$icean ,libr>y4 ,he ann\nc$ t x 0 8 ambition to =m ! greate/ collection ( books 9 ! _w1 & to ?r[ x op5 to public use4 ,su* a sugge/ion 0 almo/ h]esy 9 ^? days6 ,s great 0 8 influ5ce t ! ,libr>y receiv$ its "n f 84 ,! ?ird ,m$ici to play an important "p 9 ?is lit]>y hi/ory 0 ,lor5zo's son1 ,c>d9al ,giovanni1 aft]w>ds ,pope ,leo ,x4 ,! libr>y itself _h be5 confiscat$ by ! ,republic dur+ ! tr\bl\s times 9 :i* ,*>les ,,viii ( ,france play$ 8 "p1 & sold to ! monks ( ,san ,m>co2 b :5 bett] times return$ ,c>d9al ,giovanni b\ght x back into ! family1 & e/abli%$ x 9 ! ,villa ,m$ici 9 ,rome4 ,dur+ ! f\rte5 ye>s ! collection rema9$ 9 8 possession1 ,giovanni1 z ,pope ,leo ,x1 enri*$ x by valuable additions4 ,on 8 dea?1 9 #aeba1 8 executor1 a c\s91 ,giulio de' ,m$ici1 aft]w>ds ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii1 commission$ ,mi*elangelo to erect a build+ wor?y ( h\s+ s preci\s a collection2 & 9 #aebb ! volumes 7 return$ to ,flor5ce4 ,lor5zo's promise to ?r[ ! doors op5 to ! public 0 accompli%$ on ,june #aa1 #aega4 ,at t "t !re 7 #c1jjj preci\s manuscripts1 mo/ ( :i* are /ill available to ^? :o visit ,flor5ce4 ,a few are miss+4 ,! pr9ces :o foll[$ ,cosimo ,,ii 7 n s consci\s ( _! responsibilities1 & left ! c>e ( ! ,libr>y to ! ,*apt] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,lor5zo4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! fam\s manuscript copy ( ,cic]o's "w1 ! olde/ 9 exi/5ce1 disappe>$4 ,priceless m9iatures 7 cut f "s ( ! volumes1 & s+le leaves f o!rs4 ,:]e did !y g8 ,! ,cic]o has nev] s9ce be5 he>d (1 b ! purlo9+ ( fragm5ts ( ,laur5ziana books und\bt$ly complet$ imp]fections 9 simil> volumes 9 o!r collections4 ,! ,h\se ( ,lorra9e1 :i* succe$$ ! ,h\se ( ,m$ici1 gu>d$ ! ,laur5ziana c>efully1 plac+ at its head ! le>n$ ,biscioni4 ,aft] him came ,b&9i1 ano!r capable libr>ian1 "u ^: adm9i/ration v>i\s small] yet valuable collections 7 add$ 9 _! entirety4 ,del ,furia cont9u$ ! good "w1 & left beh9d a spl5did catalogue ( ! treasures entru/$ to him4 ,^! f\r volumes are /ill to be f\nd 9 ! ,libr>y4 ,9 #ahjh1 & aga9 9 #ahfg1 ! libr>ies ( ! suppress$ mona/ic ord]s 7 divid$ betwe5 ! ,laur5tian & ! ,magliabec*ian in/itutions2 & 9 #ahhe1 ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,pasquale ,vill>i1 ! biograph] ( ,ma*iavelli1 ! ,a%burnham collection1 numb]+ #ahhg volumes1 0 add$ ?r\gh pur*ase by ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t4 8,n[10 said ,biagi1 z he f9i%$ ! /ory1 8,i am ready to %[ y "s ( ! ,m$ici treasures4 ,i call !m my *ildr54 ,!y h always seem$ t to me4 ,my e>lie/ memory is ( peep+ out f ! back w9d[s ( ! ,palazzo dei della ,vacca1 :]e ,i 0 born1 beh9d ! bells ( ,san ,lor5zo1 at ! campanile ( ! anci5t *ur*1 & at ! ,*apel or ! ,m$ici4 ,! ,m$ici coat ( arms 0 z famili> to me z my fa!r's face1 & ! #8pills' t p]petuat$ ,old ,cosimo's fame z a *emi/ possess$ s great a fasc9ation t ,i nev] re/$ until ,i became ! ,m$icean libr>ian40 ,biagi l$ ! way f 8 private (fice ?r\gh ! ,hall ( ,tape/ries4 ,z we pass$ by ! cases conta9+ su* weal? ( illum9ation1 only p>tially conceal$ by ! gre5 curta9s drawn across ! glass1 ,i in/9ctively paus$1 b my guide insi/$4 8,we w return "h1 b fir/ y mu/ see ! ,tribuna40 ,we pass$ ?r\gh ! great hall into a high-vault$1 circul> read+-room4 8,?is 0 an addition to ! ,libr>y 9 #ahda10 ,biagi expla9$1 8to h\se ! #abjj copies ( orig9al editions f ! fifte5?-c5tury ,presses1 pres5t$ by ! ,c\nt ,angiolo ,m>ia d',el*i4 ,yes--0 he add$1 read+ my ?\ghts z ,i glanc$ ar\nd2 8?is room is a di/9ct blemi%4 ,! great ,buon>roti mu/ h turn$ 9 8 grave :5 x 0 f9i%$4 ,b ! volumes !mselves w make y =get ! ar*itectural blund]40 ,he %[$ me volumes pr9t$ f engrav$ blocks by ! ,g]mans1 ,sweynheym & ,pann>tz1 at ,subiaco1 9 ! fir/ ,press e/abli%$ 9 ,italy4 ,i held 9 my h& ,cic]o's ,epi/ol ad ,famili>es1 a volume pr9t$ 9 #adfi4 ,9 ! explicit ! pr9t]1 n at all a%am$ ( 8 accompli%m5t1 adds 9 ,lat93 ,john1 f )9 ! t[n ( ,spires1 0 ! fir/ to pr9t books 9 ,v5ice f bronze types4 ,see1 ,o ,read]1 h[ mu* hope !re is ( future works :5 ?is1 ! fir/1 has surpass$ ! art ( p5man%ip ,!re 0 ,tortelli's ,or?ographia dictionum e ,grcia tract>um1 pr9t$ 9 ,v5ice by ,nicolas ,j5son1 %[+ ! fir/ use ( ,greek *>act]s 9 a pr9t$ book4 ,! ,ald9e volumes introduc$ me to ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,italic type4 ,no wond] t ,italy laid s firm a h& ^u ! scept] ( ! new art1 :5 ,naples1 ,milan1 ,f]r>a1 ,flor5ce1 ,pi$mont1 ,cremona1 & ,tur9 vi$ ) ,v5ice 9 produc+ su* examples6 8,y mu/ come back & /udy !m at y\r leisure10 ! libr>ian sugge/$1 not+ my reluctance to rel9qui% ! volume ,i 0 inspect+ to receive f him "s o!r example equally int]e/+4 8,n[ ,i w introduce y to ! prison]s1 :o h nev] once compla9$ ( _! bondage dur+ all ^! c5turies40 ,9 ! great hall we mov$ 9 & out among ! plutei1 :]e ,biagi indicat$ fir/ "o manuscript & !n ano!r1 ) a few words ( explanation z to ! significance ( ea*4 8,no matt] :at ! p]sonal b5t ( any man10 my guide cont9u$1 8we h "h 9 ! ,libr>y t :i* w satisfy 8 intellectual desires4 ,if he is a /ud5t ( ! ,scriptures1 he w f9d inspiration f our six?-c5tury ,syriac ,gospels1 or ! ,biblia ,amiat9a4 ,= ! lawy]1 we h ! ,p&ects ( ,ju/9ian1 also ( ! six? c5tury1 :i* ev5 today =m ! absolute basis ( ,roman law4 ,:at classical s*ol> c\ld fail to be ?rill$ by ! f\r?-c5tury ,m$icean ,virgil1 ) its romantic hi/ory1 :i* ,i w tell y "s day2 :at lov] ( lit]ature w\ld n consid] himself privileg$ to exam9e ,boccaccio's manuscript copy ( ! ,decam]on1 or ! ,petr>* manuscript on vellum1 9 :i* appe> ! fam\s portraits ( ,laura & ,petr>*2 or ,b5v5uto ,cell9i's own h&writ+ 9 8 autobiography8 ,we mu/ talk ab\t all ^!1 b x w\ld be too mu* = "o day40 ,lead+ ! way back to 8 sanctum1 ,biagi left me = a mom5t4 ,he return$ ) "s manuscript poems1 :i* he turn$ ov] to me4 8,?is %all be ! climax ( y\r fir/ day 9 ! ,laur5ziana10 he exclaim$4 8,y are n[ hold+ ,mi*elangelo 9 y\r lap60 ,c y wond] t ! week ,i _h allott$ to ,flor5ce began to seem too brief a space ( "t8 ,9 response to ! libr>ian's sugge/ion ,i return$ to ! ,libr>y day aft] day4 ,he 0 pr(ligate 9 ! "t he gave me4 ,toge!r we /udi$ ! ,biblia ,amiat9a1 ! v copy br\ght f ,engl& to ,rome 9 #gaf by ,ceolfrid1 ,abbot ( ,we>m\?1 int5d$ z a votive (f]+ at ! ,holy ,sepul*re ( ,sa9t ,pet]4 ,by ?is id5tification at ! ,laur5ziana 9 #ahhg ! volume became "o ( ! mo/ fam\s 9 ! _w4 ,9 ! plate opposite1 ! ,prophet ,ezra is %[n by ! arti/ sitt+ be=e a book press fill$ ) volumes b\nd 9 crimson cov]s ( pres5t-day fa%ion1 & ev5 ! book 9 :i* ,ezra is writ+ has a b9d+4 ,x 0 a new ?\ght to me t ! b9d+ ( books1 su* z we "k x1 0 9 practice z e>ly z ! eigh? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prophet ,,ezra4 ,f ,codex ,amiat9us1 7#h? ,c5tury7 ,%[+ e>lie/ ,volumes 9 ,b9d+s ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce 7#ab #h7 ,at ano!r "t we exam9$ ! ,m$icean ,virgil writt5 on vellum1 dat+ back to ! f\r? c5tury1 & ! olde/ ,codex ( ! ,lat9 poet4 8,?is is a v]itable treasure = ! classical s*ol>1 is x n80 ,biagi inquir$4 8,:ile ! ,m$icean collection rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,*apt] ( ,san ,lor5zo "s v&al cut out ! fir/ leaves4 ,see1--! text n[ beg9s at ! #dh? l9e ( ! #f? ,eclogue40 ,i felt almo/ z if ,i 7 look+ at a mutilat$ body1 s preci\s did ! manuscript seem4 8,9 #agii10 ! libr>ian cont9u$1 8^! %eets 7 c>ri$ to ,france z "p ( ! ,napoleonic booty4 ,lat]1 ?r\gh ! good (fices ( ,pr9ce ,mett]ni*1 "u a special article 9 ! ,treaty ( ,vi5na1 ! volume 0 return$ to ,italy4 ,9 #ahaf a solemn fe/ival 0 held "h 9 ,flor5ce to celebrate its re/oration to ! ,libr>y4 ,su* ev5ts z ^!10 ,biagi add$1 8%[ y ! place ! book holds 9 ! he>ts ( ! ,italian p4 ,look60 he exclaim$1 po9t+ disgu/$ly at ! /iff1 ugly b9d+ plac$ ^u ! ,virgil 9 ,p>is dur+ its captivity4 8,see h[ little ! ,fr5* appreciat$ :at ?is volume really is60 ,! ,petr>* manuscript yield$ me ! orig9als ( ! fam\s portraits ( ,madonna ,laura de ,noves de ,sale & ( ,mess] ,francesco ,petr>ca :i* _h hung 9 my libr>y = ye>s2 my fri5d's comm5ts made !m assume a new mean+4 ,! poet's lik5ess s closely resembles o!r m au!ntic portraits t we may accept t ( ,madonna ,laura z equally correct1 ev5 ?\gh ! same opportunity = comp>ison is lack+4 ,:at c\ld be m graceful or orig9al ?an ! dress+ ( ! hair1 recall+ ! elegance ( ! coiffures worn by ! ladies ( ,prov5ce & ,france r ?an ( ,italy1 ev5 z ! little pe>l-sewn cap is absolutely unkn[n 9 ! fa%ions ( ,petr>*'s native c\ntry4 ,aft] look+ at ! pa9t+1 we c und]/& ! inspiration = ,petr>*'s l9es3 ,say f :at ve9 did ,love procure ! gold ,to make ^? sunny tresses8 ,f :at ?orn ,/ole he ! rose1 & :5ce ! dew ( morn1 ,bidd+ !m brea! & live 9 ,beauty's m\ld8 ,s we discuss$ ! treasures :i* 7 laid out be=e me z ,i return$ aga9 & aga9 to ! ,libr>y4 ,! illum9at$ volumes %[$ me t m>vel\s ,book ( ,h\rs ,francesco d',antonio made = ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 :i* is describ$ 9 an e>li] *apt] 7page #adf72 ,i became famili> ) ! gorge\s pages ( ,lor5zo ,monaco1 ma/] ( ,fra ,angelico2 ( ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1 ^: frescoes give ! ,ricc>di its greate/ fame2 ( ,gh]ado & ,clovio1 & o!r great arti/s ^: names are unkn[n or =gott54 ,besides be+ libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana1 ,biagi 0 also cu/odian ( ! ,buon>roti & ! da ,v9ci ar*ives4 ,?us x 0 t dur+ "s ( my visits ,i _h ! opportunity to /udy ! e>ly sket*es ( ! great ,leon>do1 & ! manuscript lett]s ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,su* intimacies gave me an und]/&+ ( ! p & ! times 9 :i* !y work$ t has clo!d t p]iod ) an ev]la/+ halo4 ,z our fri5d%ip exp&$ ?r\gh our "w toge!r1 ,biagi introduc$ me to o!r fasc9ations1 outside ! ,libr>y4 ,i came to "k ,pasquale ,vill>i & o!r great ,italian intellects4 ,my fri5d & ,i plann$ ,odysseys toge!r1--to ,vallombrosa1 to ,pisa1 to ,p]ugia1 to ,si5a4 ,we visit$ ! haunts ( ,dante4 ,nor 0 our conv]sation devot$ :olly to ! lit]>y spirits ( antiquity4 ,"o day some?+ 0 said ab\t ,george ,eliot4 ,i _h always %>$ ! common fallacy t %e 0 entitl$ to be classifi$ z ! greate/ reali/ ( ! analytical or psy*ological s*ool2 yet ,i _h always m>vel$ at ! consummate skill :i* made x possible = h]1 9 ,romola1 to draw h] *>act]s & to secure ! atmosph]e ( v]itable ,italians & ! true/ ,italy )\t h]self hav+ liv$ among/ ! ,flor5t9es & assimilat+ ^? unique peculi>ities :i* %e s wond]fully portray$4 ,= ,i _h accept$ ! my? t %e _h only pass$ ?r\gh ,italy on h] memorable trip ) ! ,brays 9 #ahdi1 & secur$ h] local color by /udy4 ,i made "s allusion to ?is1 & ,biagi smil$4 8,:]e did y get t idea80 he ask$4 8,h] di>y tells y to ! contr>y40 ,i c\ld only confess t ,i _h nev] read h] di>y4 8,george ,eliot & ,lewes 7 9 ,flor5ce toge!r 9 #ahfa10 he cont9u$2 8& x 0 because !y 7 "h t ,romola became a fact40 ,enjoy+ my surprise1 ! libr>ian became m communicative3 8,!y /udi$ "h toge!r f ,may #d until ,june #g1 #ahfa1 at ! ,magliabec*ian ,libr>y10 said he1 8& ,i c tell y ev5 ! titles ( ! books !y consult$40 ,p]haps ,i %[$ my incr$ulity4 8,i h discov]$ ! v slips :i* ,lewes sign$ :5 he took out ! volumes10 he cont9u$4 8,w\ld y l to see !m80 ,by ?is "t ,biagi knew me too well to await my response4 ,s we walk$ toge!r ov] to ! ,biblioteca ,nazionale ,c5trale1 ! libr>y :i* became fam\s two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago ?r\gh ! reputation ( a jewel]'s %op boy1 ,antonio ,magliabec*i1 & 0 kn[n z ! ,biblioteca ,magliabec*iana = m ?an a c5tury be=e ! ,biblioteca ,palat9a 0 jo9$ ) x 9 #ahfj "u its pres5t mod]n & unromantic "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antonio ,,magliabec*i ,f\nd] ( ! ,magliabec*ia ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce ,z we walk$ along ,biagi told me ( ! unique p]sonality ( ?is ,magliabec*i1 :i* attract$ ! att5tion ( ! lit]>y _w :ile he 0 collect+ ! nucleus ( ! libr>y4 ,dibd9 sc\t$ him1 decl>+ t 8 exi/5ce 0 conf9$ to ! 8p>ade & pac+ ( a libr>y10 yet s great 0 8 k & s prodigi\s 8 memory t :5 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,flor5ce ask$ him "o day = a p>ticul> volume1 he 0 able to reply3 8,! only copy ( ?is "w is at ,con/ant9ople1 9 ! ,sultan's libr>y1 ! sev5te5? volume 9 ! second bookcase on ! "r z y g 940 ,we ent]$ ! old read+ hall1 :i* is almo/ ! only portion ( ! build+ /ill rema9+ z x 0 :5 ,george ,eliot & ,george ,h5ry ,lewes pursu$ _! /udies at "o ( ! massive walnut tables4 ,! je]+ bu/ ( ,magliabec*i is /ill !re2 ! same volumes1 re/+ ^u _! ornam5tal %elves1 /ill await ! arrival ( ano!r g5ius to produce ano!r ma/]piece--b except = ^! ! ,libr>y has become z mod]niz$ z its "n4 8,i 0 go+ ov] "s du/y receipts "h "o day10 my fri5d expla9$1 8:i* ,i f\nd on ! top ( a cupbo>d 9 ! (fice ( ! ar*ives4 ,x 0 pure curiosity4 ,i 0 int]e/$ 9 ! names ( _m ,italian writ]s :o h s9ce become fam\s1 b :5 ,i /umbl$ ^u a numb] ( receipts sign$ #8,g4 ,h4 ,lewes1' ,i realiz$ t ,i 0 on ! track ( "s valuable mat]ial4 ,^! ,i arrang$ *ronologically1 & ?is is :at ,i f\nd40 ,n[ let me g back a little1 be=e1 ) ,biagi's help1 ,i fit ^! int]e/+ receipts into ! /ory ( ! writ+ ( ! book z told by ,george ,eliot's di>y1 :i* ,i imm$iately absorb$4 ,silas ,m>n] 0 f9i%$ on ,m>* #aj1 #ahfa1 & on ,april #ai ! au?or & ,lewes 8set (f on our second j\rney to ,flor5ce40 ,aft] arriv+ !re1 ! di>y tells u t !y 8h be5 indu/ri\sly =ag+ 9 old /reets & old books40 ,( ,lewes %e writes3 8,he 0 9 cont9ual di/raction by hav+ to att5d to my wants1 go+ ) me to ! ,magliabec*ian ,libr>y1 & pok+ ab\t ev]y:]e on my behalf40 ,illu/ration3 ,libr>y ,slips us$ by ,george ,eliot 9 ! ,magliabec*ia ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce1 :ile writ+ ,romola ,! fir/ slip sign$ by ,lewes is dat$ ,may #ae1 #ahfa1 & call$ = ,f]r>io's ,co/ume ,antico e ,mod]no4 ,?is book is some:at dramatic & sup]ficial1 yet x c\ld give ! au?or k ( ! hi/orical surr\nd+s ( ! *>act]s :i* 7 gr[+ 9 h] m9d4 ,! foll[+ day !y took out ,lippi's ,malmantile1 a comic poem fill$ ) qua9t phrases & say+s :i* fitt$ well 9 ! m\?s ( ^? *>act]s %e _h j le>n$ h[ to dress4 ,migliore's ,fir5ze ,illu/rata & ,ra/relli's ,fir5ze ,antica e ,mod]na gave ! topography & ! aspect ( ,flor5ce at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,f ,*i>i's ,priori/a ,george ,eliot secur$ ! idea ( ! magnific5t celebration ( ! ,fea/ ( ,sa9t ,john1 ! effective descriptions ( ! c>s1 ! races1 & ! extraord9>y tap]s4 8,x is ! habit ( my imag9ation10 %e writes 9 h] di>y1 8to /rive aft] z full a vision ( ! m$ium 9 :i* a "* moves z ( ! "* itself40 ,k ( ! ,b>di family1 to :i* ! au?or add$ ,romola1 0 secur$ f notes on ! old families ( ,flor5ce writt5 by ,luigi ,pass]9i4 8,see h[ !y came back on ,may #bd10 ,biagi exclaim$1 po9t+ to a slip call+ = ,le ,famiglie del ,litta1 8to look 9 va9 = ! p$igree ( ! ,b>di4 ,b :y bo!r10 he cont9u$ ) a smile2 8= ,romola1 ! ,antigone ( ,b>do ,b>di1 0 by ?is "t already born 9 ,george ,eliot's m9d1 & ne$$ no fur!r p$igree40 ,romance may h be5 born1 b ! plot ( ! /ory 0 f> f be+ cle> 9 ! au?or's m9d4 ,back aga9 9 ,engl&1 two mon?s lat]1 %e writes1 8,?is morn+ ,i conceiv$ ! plot ( my novel ) new di/9ction40 ,on ,octob] #d1 8,i am worri$ ab\t my plot10 & on ,octob] #g1 8,began ! fir/ *apt] ( my novel40 ,mean:ile ,george ,eliot cont9u$ h] read+1 n[ at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,la ,vita di ,g4 ,savon>ola1 by ,pasquale ,vill>i1 gave h] mu* inspiration4 ,! book _h j be5 publi%$1 & x may well h sugge/$ ! sc5e :]e ,baldass>re ,calvo meets ,tito ,melema on ! /eps ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,no o!r available writ] _h previ\sly describ$ ! /ruggle :i* took place = ! lib]ation ( ! ,lunigiana prison]s1 :i* plays s important a "p 9 ! plot ( ,romola4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahfb1 ,george ,eliot writes 9 h] di>y1 8,i began aga9 my novel ( ,romola40 ,by ,febru>y ! extraord9>y proem & ! fir/ two *apt]s 7 complet$4 8,w x ev] be f9i%$80 %e asks h]self4 ,b d\bt vani%$ z %e proce$$4 ,9 ,may1 #ahfc1 %e 8kill$ ,tito ) great excitem5t10 & ,june #i1 8put ! la/ /roke to ,romola--,eb5ez]60 ,s9ce !n ,i h re-read ,romola ) ! increas$ int]e/ :i* came f ! new k1 & ! /ory add$ to my love ( ,flor5ce4 ,_m times h ,i w&]$1 z ,george ,eliot & ,lewes did1 to ! heights ( ,fiesole1 & look$ d[n1 ev5 z !y1 9 sunlight1 & ) ! moon ca/+ %ad[s ^u ! wond]ful & obsess+ city1 wi%+ t my vision 7 /rong en\gh to extract f x ano!r /ory su* z ,romola4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* 7 ! exp]i5ces t ext5d$ my /ay 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! memory ( !m has be5 s /rong & s obsess+ t no ye> has be5 complete )\t a return to ,biagi & ! ,laur5ziana4 ,once1 dur+ ^! ye>s1 he came to ,am]ica1 z ! ,royal repres5tative ( ,italy at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,exposition 7see also page #ahb74 ,9 #aiaf 8 t]m z libr>ian expir$ ?r\gh ! limitation ( age1 b be=e he retir$ he completely re>rang$ t portion ( ! ,libr>y :i* is n[ op5 to visitors 7see page #adi74 ,! treasures ( no collection are made s easily accessible except at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,i la/ visit$ ,biagi 9 ,may1 #aibd4 ,8 "t 0 well occupi$ by lit]>y "w1 p>ticul>ly on ,dante1 :i* _h already giv5 him high rank z a s*ol> & writ]2 b a di/9ct *ange _h come ov] him4 ,i c\ld n fa?om x until he told me t he 0 plann+ to leave ,flor5ce to take up 8 resid5ce 9 ,rome4 ,i receiv$ ! news 9 amazem5t4 ,!n ! mask fell1 & he answ]$ my unask$ "q4 8,i c't /& x60 he exclaim$4 8,i c't /ay 9 ,flor5ce & n be a "p ( ! ,laur5ziana4 ,i h tri$ 9 va9 to reconcile myself1 b ! ,libr>y has be5 s mu* a fib] ( my be+ all my life1 t some?+ has be5 tak5 away f me :i* is ess5tial to my exi/5ce40 ,! spell ( ! ,laur5ziana _h possess$ him ) a vital grip6 ,! foll[+ ,janu>y 7#aibe7 he di$1 & no physician's diagnosis w ev] conta9 ! correct analysis ( 8 decease ,i %all always f9d x difficult to visualize ,flor5ce or ! ,laur5ziana )\t ,guido ,biagi4 ,:5 next ,i hold 9 my h&s ^? preci\s manuscripts1 /ill *a9$ to _! anci5t plutei1 x w be ) ev5 great] rev]5ce4 ,!y /& z symbols ( ! immutability ( le>n+ & culture comp>$ ) ! brief span ( life allott$ to ,pr9ce or ,libr>ian ,,index ,adams ,presses1 #ej !lwald1 #abb ,alba1 ! ,duke (1 #bcc ,alcu9 ,bible1 !1 describ$1 #abe-abg ,alcu91 ,bi%op1 ( ,york1 #abe1 #abf ,ald9e ,press1 !1 at ,v5ice1 sav$ by int]v5tion ( ,jean ,groli]1 #ef1 #bch2 pr9t+ at1 #bjf-bae2 ! ,j5son (fice comb9$ )1 #bad ,aldus ,manutius1 leg5d ov] (fice (1 #aj2 8 confid5ce 9 p]man5ce ( ! pr9t$ book1 #aa-ab2 8 type designs1 #ag2 e/abli%es 8 (fice 9 ,v5ice1 #bjf2 8 pr9t]'s m>k & slogan1 #bjg1 #bjh2 *anges =mat ( ! book1 #bjg2 8 aims1 #bjh2 ! ,greek classics (1 #bji2 8 contributions to typography1 #baj2 8 ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 #baj-bac2 ,jean ,groli]'s fri5d%ip ) family (1 #bad-bae ,allegro1 l'1 ,milton's1 #ic ,ambrosiana ,iliad1 !1 #bd1 #be ,ambrosiana ,libr>y1 !1 humani/ic manuscripts 91 #bd1 #be ,angelico1 ,fra1 #adi1 #bij ,anglo-,saxon mission>y arti/s1 !1 #abe ,anne1 ( ,brittany1 ,h\rs (1 describ$1 #adi-aea ,anne1 ,sa9t1 #ach ,antiquities ( ! ,jews1 !1 describ$1 #ach-ada1 #adf ,antonio del ,*]ico1 ,francesco d'1 ,book ( ,h\rs illum9at$ by1 #aaa1 #aac1 #aaf1 #adf-adi1 #bij ,antw]p1 ! lead+ city 9 ,europe1 #bbc2 book manufacture 91 #bbd2 "u ,spani% dom9ation1 #bbg2 loses h] pre-em95ce1 #bcc2 pur*ases ! ,plant9 (fice1 #bce2 ref]r$ to1 #bci ,apo/rophes1 ,b]n>d ,%aw's ideas conc]n+1 #fh ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 #agh ,a%burnham ,collection1 !1 #adh1 #bhd ,augu/9us1 #bjb ,au/ria1 ! ,emp]or (1 #aje ,au?ors1 relations betwe5 publi%]s &1 #ea1 #fc2 _! attitude t[>d ! physical =mat ( _! books1 #fg ,b&9i1 libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhd ,bapti/]y1 !1 at ,flor5ce1 #bgc ,b>b>o1 ,m>co ,antonio1 ,procurator ( ,sa9t ,m>k's1 #adc ,b>di1 !1 #big ,b>di1 ,b>do1 #big ,b>l[1 ,sir ,?omas1 #he ,bask]ville1 ,john1 8 editions1 #bde2 lett] f ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 to1 #bde2 8 types1 #bde-bdf2 8 ,virgil1 #bdf-bej2 fir/ to introduce glossy pap]1 #bej2 ,dibd9's e/imate (1 #bea2 ref]r$ to1 #ie1 #bdd ,baynes1 ,erne/ ,h>old1 #ajd ,b$=d1 ,anne1 ,du*ess (1 #ace1 #acg ,b$=d ,book ( ,h\rs1 !1 describ$1 #ace-ach1 #adf ,b$=d1 ,john1 ,duke (1 #ace1 #acg ,belgium1 see ,ne!rl&s1 ! ,bell9i1 ,giovanni1 #bac ,be[ulf1 ,william ,morris'1 #bei ,b]l91 libr>y (1 #aif ,b]ry1 ! ,duc de1 ! ,trs ,ri*es ,heures (1 #aaf2 ! ,antiquities ( ! ,jews begun =1 #aci ,b]ti]i1 ,raffaello1 #cb ,bewick1 ,?omas1 #afc1 #bea ,biagi1 ,dr4 ,guido1 cu/odian ( ! ,buon>roti & ! da ,v9ci ar*ives1 #ad1 #ahb1 #bij2 def9es ! humani/1 #ae1 #afb2 8 association ) ! design+ ( ! ,humani/ic type1 #ag-cc2 8 comm5ts on ,bodoni1 #gh2 8 meet+ ) ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 #ahj-ahc2 describ$1 #bgg2 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bgg-cjj2 8 e>ly ambition to become libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana1 #bhd2 9 ,am]ica1 #bii2 8 la/ days1 #bii-cjj2 8 dea?1 #cjj2 ref]r$ to1 #ad1 #af1 #ag1 #aaa ,bible1 !1 welf>e ( m5 & ( empires bas$ ^u1 #bbd ,biblia ,amiat9a1 !1 #bhg1 #bhh ,biblia ,polyglotta1 ,plant9's1 #bbg2 ! /ory (1 #bbg-bcc2 pages f1 #bbi-bca ,biblio?que ,nationale1 !1 ,p>is1 #aai1 #abg1 #abh1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada1 #adi1 #aif1 #aih1 #bbj ,billfri?1 ,sa9t1 #abb ,b9d+s1 #aac1 #bhh ,birm+ham1 ,engl&1 #bdd ,biscioni1 libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhc ,bi/icci1 quot$1 #ab ,blan*e1 ,que51 ( ,ca/ile1 #abi ,boccaccio1 #bhg ,bodleian ,libr>y1 !1 #aif ,bodoni1 ,giambatti/a1 ! fa!r ( mod]n type design1 #gh-hb1 #bea2 comp>$ ) ,didot1 #beb1 #beg2 ref]r$ to1 #ie ,bodoni ,press1 ! reviv$1 9 ,montagnola di ,lugano1 #gi ,bodoni type1 !1 #gh2 comp>$ ) ! ,didot type1 #gi-hb2 ,william ,morris' dislike (1 #hj2 ,de ,v9ne's admiration =1 #hj1 #hb2 e/imate (1 #beg ,bokh>a1 #aah ,bomb]ghe1 ,corneille1 type design]1 #bbh ,book1 !1 conception ( e>ly patrons (1 #aa2 lure (1 #cg2 ! tangible expression ( man's intellect1 #aab4 ,see also1 ,illum9at$ book1 ,pr9t$ book1 ,writt5 book ,bookmak+1 9 #ahia1 #db-ed2 ! weakness ( me?od 91 #ed ,book ( ,h\rs1 by ,francesco d',antonio del ,*]ico1 #aaa2 describ$1 #adf-adi2 ref]r$ to1 #bij ,books1 co/ ( mak+1 #eh ,booksell+1 inadequate me?ods 91 #fj ,bo/on1 ,h[ell's comm5ts on1 #ahf ,bo/on ,society ( ,pr9t]s1 !1 #ii ,b\rbon1 ,pi]re ,,ii1 ,duc de1 #adj ,b\rdi*on1 ,jean1 #aac1 #adi1 #aej ,boyd1 ,h5ry1 #bf1 #bg ,brays1 !1 #bib ,briti% ,museum1 !1 #bg1 #bh1 #aag1 #aai1 #abb1 #abe1 #acb1 #ace1 #aff1 #aif1 #bih1 #bii ,broad ,*alke1 ,engl&1 ,maurice ,hewlett's home at1 #aeg ,br[ne1 ,sir ,?omas1 #bjg ,bud1 ,guillaume1 #bad ,buon>roti1 see ,mi*elangelo ,buon>roti ar*ives1 !1 #ad1 #ahb1 #bij ,burne-,jones1 ,sir ,edw>d1 & ! ,kelmscott ,*auc]1 #bei1 #bfa1 #bfb2 ref]r$ to1 #f ,burney1 ,fanny1 #afc ,byron1 ,"l1 manuscript ( 8 lett]s burn$ by ,john ,murray ,,iii1 #fe ,byzant9e illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,byzant9e ,byzant9e ink1 #aab 8,cab910 !1 ,h[ell's1 #ahf ,cable1 ,george ,w41 #agg ,cs>1 ,elzevir's1 #bdj ,cambridge ,immortals1 !1 #agh ,camp1 ,walt]1 #hd ,campanile1 ,giotto's1 at ,flor5ce1 #bgc ,campanile1 !1 at ,v5ice1 #ade ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #agh ,c>negie1 ,&rew1 #agd-agg ,c>negie1 ,mrs4 ,&rew1 #agd ,c>ol9e m9uscule1 !1 #abf ,c>ol+ian illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,c>ol+ian ,c>ol+ian ,s*ool1 !1 9 ,france1 #abe ,caslon f\ndry1 !1 #bde1 #bdf ,ca/iglioncello1 ,italy1 #afb ,cato1 quot$1 #bjh ,caxton1 ,william1 "w (1 comp>$ ) ,j5son's1 #bdd ,cell9i1 ,b5v5uto1 autobiography (1 #bhg ,celtic illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,celtic ,c5sors1 !1 #bba ,ceolfrid1 ,abbot ( ,we>m\?1 #bhh ,c]iani1 ,monsignor1 libr>ian ( ! ,ambrosiana ,libr>y at ,milan1 describ$1 #bd2 8 "w on ! ,ambrosiana ,iliad1 #bd1 #be2 quot$1 #be ,*antilly1 ! ,muse ,cond at1 #aaf ,*>lemagne1 ,emp]or1 #abe ,*>les1 ,k+1 ( ,france1 son ( ,k+ ,john1 #abi ,*>les1 ,k+1 ( ,france1 son ( ,k+ ,*>les1 #abi ,*>les ,v1 emp]or ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire1 #baf1 #bgf ,*>les ,,viii1 ( ,france1 #bhb ,*auc]1 ! ,kelmscott1 ! /ory (1 #bei-bfh ,*auc] type1 !1 design$ by ,william ,morris1 #bj ,*ianti ,hills1 !1 #aga ,*i>i1 #big ,*9ese1 !1 #g ,cic]o1 ! ,m$icean1 #bhc ,cicogna1 ,doge ,pasquale1 #adc ,cimabue1 ,giovanni1 #adg ,clem5s1 ,cl>a1 #agb1 #agd ,clem5s1 ,samuel ,l41 see ,twa91 ,m>k ,clem5s1 ,mrs4 ,samuel ,l41 #agb1 #agc ,clem5t ,,vii1 ,pope1 #bad1 #bgf ,clovio1 ,giulio1 #adi1 #bij ,cobd5-,s&]son1 ,t4 ,j41 quot$1 #if1 #ig2 e/imate (1 #if-aja2 describ$1 #ih2 9 ,bo/on1 #ih-ii2 importance ( 8 "w1 #bfc2 8 ,ideal ,book quot$1 #bfd2 8 ,doves ,bible1 #bfd-bfh2 ref]r$ to1 #c1 #fh1 #ga1 #ie ,cock]ell1 ,d\glas1 #bfb ,codex ,arg5teus1 !1 #aai ,cole1 ,timo?y1 #ajf ,colonna1 ,francesco1 #baj ,colv91 ,sir ,sidney1 #bg1 #bh ,con/able1 ,ar*ibald1 publi%]1 #ff ,con/ant9ople1 might h become c5t] ( le>n+ ( ,,xv c5tury1 #h2 de/roy$ by fire1 #aag2 ! rebir? (1 #aah ,cosimo il ,vec*io1 & ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhj2 8 p]sonality & hi/ory1 #bhj-bha2 8 fame z a *emi/1 #bhd ,cosimo ,,ii1 & ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhc ,co/s ( mak+ books1 9 #ahia1 comp>$ ) pres5t co/s1 #dh ,co/ume ,antico e ,mod]no1 ,f]r>io's1 #bif ,c\ntry ,pr9t]1 !1 ,h[ell's1 #ahg ,crasso1 ,leon>do1 #baj ,cremona1 e>ly pr9t+ at1 #bhf ,curtis1 ,george ,william1 #agh ,cu?b]t1 ,sa9t1 #abj1 #aba1 #abb ,cyrus1 ,k+1 #aci ,danes1 !1 #abj ,dante1 propos$ edition 9 ,humani/ic type (1 #ai1 #cb2 ref]r$ to1 #aeh1 #ahb2 ,biagi's "w on1 #ahb1 #bii2 ! haunts (1 #bia 8,dawn & ,twilight10 ,mi*elangelo's1 #bge 8,day & ,night10 ,mi*elangelo's1 #bge ,de ,asse1 ,bud's1 #bad ,de ,bure1 discov]] ( ! ,gut5b]g ,bible1 #aih ,decam]on1 !1 manuscript copy (1 #bhg ,de ,civitate ,dei1 ,augu/9us'1 #bjb ,decorations1 #aaf ,del ,furia1 libr>ian ( ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhd ,delmonico's1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 #agf ,deput1 quot$ on ! innovations ( ! ,elzevirs1 #bdj ,de ,v]itate ,ca?olic ,fidei1 #ic ,de ,v9ne ,press1 !1 ,new ,york1 #db ,de ,v9ne1 ,!odore ,l41 #f2 8 admiration = ! ,bodoni type1 #hj1 #hb ,dibd91 quot$ on ,bask]ville1 #bea2 on ,antonio ,magliabec*i1 #bie ,didot1 ,firm91 ! fa!r ( mod]n type design1 #gh-hb2 8 type discuss$1 #gi-hb1 #beg2 ref]r$ to1 #ci1 #ie1 #beg ,didot1 ,pi]re1 8 ,rac9e1 #beb-beh ,didot ,press1 !1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 at1 #beb ,didot type1 !1 comp>$ ) ! ,bodoni type1 #gi-hb ,didots1 !1 9 ,p>is1 #bea2 comp>$ ) ,bodoni1 #beb ,dobson1 ,au/91 #aeh1 #afb-afi2 8 l9es on ,ri*>d ,g>nett1 #aff1 #afg2 8 ideas on fiction1 #afh2 8 me?ods ( "w1 #afi2 8 h&writ+1 #afi ,dobson1 ,mrs4 ,au/91 #afh ,doves ,bible1 ,cobd5-,s&]son's1 describ$1 #bfd-bfh ,doves ,press1 !1 9 ,london1 #c1 #gj1 #if1 #bfc ,doves type1 !1 design$ by ,em]y ,walk]1 #ah1 #ai2 specim5 page (1 #bc2 9 ! ,doves ,bible1 #bfd-bfh ,duneka1 ,fr$]ick1 #ahd ,dr]1 ,albre*t1 #ie ,dyck1 ,*ri/(fel van1 #bdc ,eadfri?1 ,bi%op1 #abb ,e>?work ,out ( ,tuscany1 ,hewlett's1 #aei1 #afb ,eddy1 ,mrs4 ,m>y ,bak]1 #eb-ed ,edw>d ,,vii1 ,k+1 ( ,engl&1 #he1 #adj1 #ada ,egyptians1 !1 #aah ,el*i1 ,c\nt ,angiolo ,m>ia d'1 #bhe ,eliot1 ,george1 9 ! ,magliabec*ian ,libr>y1 #bia-bih2 h] di>y quot$1 #bif2 volumes consult$ 9 writ+ ,romola1 #bif-bih ,elzevir1 ,abraham1 editions (1 #bdj2 8 ,t]5ce1 #bda-bdc ,elzevir1 ,bonav5tura1 editions (1 #bdj2 8 ,t]5ce1 #bda-bdc ,elzevir1 ,isaac1 becomes pr9t] to ! ,univ]sity ( ,leyd51 #bdj ,elzevir1 ,l\is1 f\nd] ( ! ,h\se ( ,elzevir1 #bci1 #bdj ,elzevir1 ! ,h\se (1 craftsm5 r ?an arti/s1 #bch2 9 ,leyd51 #bdj2 adopt new =mat = ! book1 #bdj2 _! editions1 #bdj-bdc2 _! types1 #bdc2 _! bus9ess organization1 #bdc2 e/imate ( importance ( _! "w1 #bdc2 ref]r$ to1 #ie1 #bcg1 #bea ,engl&1 typographical supremacy (1 #aid1 #bdd-bej2 second supremacy (1 #beh-bfh ,engli% illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,engli% ,engrav+s1 /eel1 #aje ,epi/ol ad ,famili>es1 ,cic]o's1 #bhe ,e?ics1 9 bus9ess1 #fe ti5ne1 ,h5ri1 ru9$ by 8 ,!saurus1 #ef1 #bch2 9 ,g5eva1 #bbc ti5ne1 ,rob]t1 becomes 8pr9t] 9 ,greek0 to ,franois ,i ( ,france1 #baf2 ! ,royal ,greeks (1 #bai-bbb2 leaves ,france1 #bbc2 dea? (1 #bbc2 8 ,roman type1 #bbb2 ref]r$ to1 #beb ,eug5ius1 ,pope1 #bha ,evreux1 ,que5 ,jeanne d'1 #abi ,explicit1 !1 #ib2 examples (1 #id1 #bjb1 #bjd1 #bjf1 #bhe ,ezra1 ! ,prophet1 portrait (1 #bhh ,famiglie del ,litta1 ,le1 #big ,felton1 ,cornelius ,conway1 ,presid5t ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 #ej ,f]r>a1 e>ly pr9t+ at1 #bhf ,f]r>i1 ,dr4 ,luigi1 libr>ian ( ! ,san ,m>co ,libr>y1 ,v5ice1 #ade ,f]r>io1 #bif ,field1 ,eug5e1 describ$1 #ch2 manuscript (1 #ci1 #da2 ref]r$ to1 #ch1 #ee ,field+1 ,h5ry1 #afc ,fiesole1 ! heights (1 #bih ,fir5ze ,antica e ,mod]na1 ,ra/relli's1 #big ,fir5ze ,illu/rata1 ,migliore's1 #bif ,fiske1 ,will>d1 #bf1 #bg ,flemi% illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,flemi% ,flet*]1 ,horace1 fri5d ( ,eug5e ,field1 #da2 philosophy (1 #ge1 #hb1 #hd2 8 ideas ( typography1 #ge2 page ( 8 manuscript1 #gg2 8 d9n] at ,graduates' ,club1 ,new ,hav51 #hd2 importance ( 8 "w1 #he2 8 fri5d%ip ) ,william ,james & ,h5ry ,james1 #hf2 lett] f ,h5ry ,james to1 #hg2 visit to ,lamb ,h\se1 #hi ,flet*]ism1 #ge1 #hc ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 ! mo/ fasc9at+ city 9 ,europe1 #bgc2 e>ly pr9t+ at1 #bhf ,flor5ce1 ! ,gr& ,duke (1 #bie ,=e/ ,lov]s1 !1 ,hewlett's1 #aeg1 #aeh ,f\cquet1 ,jean1 #aac1 #ach1 #adj1 #adi ,france1 typographical supremacy (1 #aid1 #bae-bbc2 loses supremacy1 #bbc2 second supremacy (1 #bea-beh ,franois ,i1 ( ,france1 becomes patron ( le>n+ & culture1 #baf2 makes ,rob]t ti5ne 8pr9t] 9 ,greek to ! ,k+10 #baf2 8 int]e/ 9 pr9t+1 #baf-bba2 8 relations ) ! c5sors1 #bba2 ref]r$ to1 #bad1 #baf ,frank=t1 #bbg ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 quot$ on ! ,bask]ville editions1 #bde2 8 lett] to ,bask]ville1 #bde2 at ! ,didot ,press1 #beb ,fr5* illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,fr5* ,fr5* ,republic1 !1 #ada ,fr5* ,s*ool ( ,pa9t+1 !1 #aci ,fu/1 ,john1 #aih1 #aii ,gabril[it*1 ,mrs4 ,ossip1 #agb ,g>amond1 ,claude1 #bbj ,g>nett1 ,dr4 ,ri*>d1 #afd1 #afe2 l9es writt5 by ,dobson on1 #aff1 #afg2 e/imate (1 #aff ,g5]al ,!ological ,s*ool ,libr>y1 !1 ,new ,york1 #aif ,g5esis1 ! ,cottonian1 #aag ,g5eva1 ! ti5nes at1 #bbc ,george1 ,sa9t1 #acg ,g]many1 n suffici5tly develop$ z nation to take advantage ( ,gut5b]g's discov]y1 #h1 #i2 brief typographical supremacy (1 #aid-bja2 loses supremacy1 #bja ,gh]ado1 #adi1 #bij ,gild]1 ,ri*>d ,watson1 #agg ,giotto1 #adg1 #bgc ,gold5 ,gospels ( ,sa9t ,md>d1 !1 describ$1 #abg-abh ,gold5 type1 !1 design$ by ,william ,morris1 #ah ,gold leaf1 #aaf ,gold1 ,ori5tal1 #aab ,goldsmi?1 ,oliv]1 #afc ,go?ic illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,go?ic ,gozzoli1 ,b5ozzo1 #adi1 #bij ,graduates' ,club1 !1 9 ,new ,hav51 #hd ,gr&jon1 ,rob]t1 #bbh ,greece1 ! ri* humanities (1 #ae ,greek classics1 !1 fir/ pr9t$ by ,aldus1 #bji ,greeks1 !1 #g ,greek types1 #ef1 #bai-bba1 #bch ,grimani ,brevi>y1 !1 describ$1 #ada-ade1 #adf1 #adi ,grimani1 ,c>d9al ,dom5ico1 #adb1 #adc ,grimani1 ,doge ,antonio1 #adc ,grimani1 ,giovanni1 ,patri>* ( ,aquileia1 #adb ,grimani1 ,m>9o1 ,patri>* ( ,aquileia1 #adb ,groli] ,club ( ,new ,york1 !1 #bac ,groli]1 ,jean1 saves ! ,ald9e ,press by 8 int]v5tion1 #ef1 #bch2 8 fri5d%ip ) family ( ,aldus1 #bad-bae2 8 lett] to ,francesco ,torresani1 #bae ,guidobaldo1 ,duke ( ,urb9o1 #baj ,gut5b]g ,bible1 !1 describ$1 #aid-bja2 rubricator's notes1 #aif1 #aig ,gut5b]g1 ,john2 ! ,bible pr9t$ by1 #aid-bja2 ref]r$ to1 #g1 #aid1 #aih1 #bcd1 #bcg ,hadley1 ,pres4 ,ar?ur ,t41 #hd ,halftones1 #aje-ajg ,hammond1 ,john ,hays1 #hd ,h& lett]+1 ! art (1 #aj4 ,see also1 ,humani/ic h& lett]+1 ,semi-uncial *>act]s1 ,m9uscule *>act]s ,h>kness1 ,mrs4 ,edw>d ,s41 #aif ,h>p] & ,bro!rs1 #ij1 #ahc1 #ahd ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e1 #ahc ,h>te1 ,bret1 #ahd ,h>v>d ,college ,libr>y1 !1 #bde ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,cobd5-,s&]son's lectures at1 #ii ,h>vey1 ,col4 ,george1 gives bir?day d9n] to ,m>k ,twa91 #agf2 gives bir?day d9n] to ,william ,dean ,h[ells1 #ahg ,haut91 #bbh ,hay1 ,john1 #ahd ,hay1 ,mrs4 ,john1 #ahd ,heidelb]g1 #bbg ,heimskr+la1 !1 ,william ,morris' translation (1 #bfj ,he9sius1 lett] f ,deput to1 #bdj ,h5ri ,,ii1 ( ,france1 #acf1 #bba ,h5ry ,,iv1 ( ,engl&1 #ace ,h5ry ,,vi1 ( ,engl&1 #acf ,h5ry ,,viii1 ( ,engl&1 #baf ,hewlett1 ,maurice1 #aee-afb2 describes ! cloi/] ( ,san ,lor5zo1 ,flor5ce1 #bge ,ho>1 ,s5ator ,george ,f41 makes attack on ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 #agi ,hog>?1 ,william1 #afc ,holbe91 ,hans1 #ie ,holl&1 ! natural successor to ,belgium 9 supremacy ( pr9t+1 #bci4 ,see also ,ne!rl&s1 ! ,holmes1 ,oliv] ,w5dell1 #agh ,hom]1 ! ,ambrosiana1 see ,iliad1 ! ,ambrosiana ,hoov]1 ,h]b]t1 #he ,h\ghton1 ,h5ry ,o41 #f ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany1 !1 #adf2 describ$1 #adi-aea ,h[ells1 ,william ,dean1 #agg2 recollections & reflections on1 #ahc-ahh2 ! ,h>vey bir?day d9n]1 #ahh ,humanism1 ,petr>* ! fa!r (1 #ae ,humani/1 !1 def9$1 #ae1 #afj-afb ,humani/ic h& lett]+1 #af1 #ba1 #bd1 #abf ,humani/ic manuscripts1 !1 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #af1 #ba2 9 ! ,ambrosiana ,libr>y1 #bd ,humani/ic movem5t1 !1 f>-rea*+ influ5ce (1 #ae2 ! =]unn] & ess5ce ( ! ,r5aissance1 #ae2 significance (1 #af1 #afj ,humani/ic scribes1 !1 see ,scribes1 ! humani/ic ,humani/ic type1 !1 fir/ idea ( design (1 #ag2 propos$ edition ( ,dante 91 #ai1 #cb2 "w ^u1 #ai-bd1 #abf1 #aei1 #ahj1 #aha ,hunt+ton1 ,h5ry ,e41 libr>y (1 #aif ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 !1 pr9t$ by ,aldus1 #baj2 describ$1 #baj-bac ,ideal ,book1 ,!1 ,cobd5-,s&]son's1 #c1 #ii2 quot$1 #bfd ,iliad1 ! ,ambrosiana1 #bd1 #be1 #aag ,illum9at$ book1 !1 attitude ( ,italian patrons t[>d1 #aa-ab ,illum9ation1 ! art (1 enc\rag$ by ,italian patrons 9 ,,xv c5tury1 #aa-ac2 ! und]ly+ ?\ght 91 #aab2 ri* rew>ds 9 /udy (1 #aad2 v>i\s s*ools (1 #aad2 means ( id5tify+ v>i\s s*ools & p]iods1 #aae2 manuscripts :i* m>k ! evolution (1 #aaf-aai2 ! ,celtic ,s*ool1 #aai-abe2 ! ,c>ol+ian ,s*ool1 #abe-abh2 ! ,go?ic ,s*ool1 #abh-aca2 ! ,engli% ,s*ool1 #aca-acd2 ! ,fr5* ,s*ool1 #ace-ada1 #adi-aea2 ! ,flemi% ,s*ool1 #ada-ade2 ! ,italian ,s*ool1 #adf-adi2 cause = ! decl9e (1 #aea2 opportunities = /udy+1 #aeb ,illum9ation1 ,byzant9e1 describ$1 #aah2 ref]r$ to1 #abd1 #abe1 #abg ,illum9ation1 ,c>ol+ian1 #abe-abh ,illum9ation1 ,celtic1 #aai-abe1 #abf1 #abi ,illum9ation1 ,engli%1 #aad1 #aca-acd ,illum9ation1 ,flemi%1 #aad1 #acg1 #aci1 #ada-ade1 #adi1 #aej ,illum9ation1 ,fr5*1 #aad1 #ace-ada ,illum9ation1 ,go?ic1 #aad1 #abh-aca ,illum9ation1 ,italian ,r5aissance1 #aad1 #adf-adi1 #aej ,illum9ation1 ,romanesque1 #aad ,illu/ration1 #aje ,imp]ial ,libr>y1 !1 9 ,vi5na1 #aag ,incipit1 !1 #ic ,india1 #aab1 #aah ,ink1 ,byzant9e gold1 #aab1 #aah2 inf]ior quality introduc$1 #bch2 ,didot's1 #beh ,innoc5ts ,abroad1 ,m>k ,twa9's1 #agj ,irel&1 #aba ,iri% monks1 !1 see ,monks1 ! ,iri% ,iri% ,s*ool ( ,writ+ & ,pa9t+1 !1 #abj ,italian illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,italian ,italic type1 fir/ us$ by ,aldus1 #ag1 #bhf2 said to be bas$ on h&writ+ ( ,petr>*1 #ag1 #baj2 ,bask]ville's1 #bde2 ,didot's1 #beg ,italy1 life & cu/oms ( p (1 9 ,,xv c5tury1 #h2 illum9ation sl[ 9 gett+ a hold 91 #adf2 typographical supremacy (1 #aid1 #bja-bae2 loses supremacy1 #bae2 culture 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury 91 #bbc ,james1 ,h5ry1 ,horace ,flet*]'s fri5d%ip )1 #hf2 quot$1 #hf2 e/imate (1 #hf2 lett] to ,horace ,flet*] f1 #hg2 quot$1 #hh ,james1 ,william1 ,horace ,flet*]'s fri5d%ip )1 #hf2 quot$1 #hf2 lett] f ,h5ry ,james to1 #hh2 8 int]e/ 9 pr9t+1 #ij1 #ib ,j5son1 ,nicolas1 type designs (1 #ah1 #ai1 #bb1 #bjb1 #bje1 #bjf2 ! explicit 9 books pr9t$ by1 #id1 #bjb2 pr9t]'s m>k (1 #bjc1 #bjg2 s5t to ,g]many by ,*>les ,,vii ( ,france1 #bjd2 e/abli%es 8 (fice 9 ,v5ice1 #bjd2 dea? (1 #bjf2 8 (fice comb9$ ) ! ,ald9e ,press1 #bad2 ,caxton's "w comp>$ )1 #bdd2 ref]r$ to1 #baf1 #bhf ,j5son's ,go?ic type1 #bjb1 #bje1 #bjf ,j5son ,roman type1 !1 #ah1 #ai1 #bjf1 #bfh2 sample page (1 #bb ,joan ( ,arc1 ,m>k ,twa9's1 #agj ,john ( ,spires1 #bhe ,jones1 ,george ,w41 #cb ,joseph1 ,sa9t1 #ach ,josephus1 ,flavius1 #aci ,ju/9ian1 ! ,emp]or1 #aag ,ju/9ian1 ! ,p&ects (1 #bhg ,keats1 ,john1 #aeh ,ke]e1 ,van d]1 #bbh ,kelmscott ,*auc]1 !1 see ,*auc]1 ! ,kelmscott ,kelmscott ,press1 !1 #f1 #ee1 #gj1 #if1 #bei-bfh ,kelmscott volumes1 !1 #bei-bfh2 e/imate (1 #bfc ,koreans1 !1 #g ,labels1 pap]1 #ib ,lamb ,h\se1 ,rye1 ,h5ry ,james' home1 #hi ,lapis lazuli1 us$ 9 pr9t+ ink1 #cj2 9 illum9ation1 #aah ,laura1 see ,sale1 ,madonna ,laura de ,noves de ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 !1 humani/ic volumes at1 #af2 illum9at$ volumes at1 #aai1 #adh1 #bhg2 un9vit+ approa* to1 #bgc2 ! ,sala di ,mi*elangiolo1 #bgf2 ,dr4 ,guido ,biagi at1 #bgg-cjj2 ! great /aircase1 #bgh2 ,vas>i's "w 91 #bgh2 ! /ory (1 #bhj-bhd2 ! treasures (1 #bhd-bhi2 ! ,hall ( ,tape/ries1 #bhe2 ! ,tribuna1 #bhe2 ! pr9t$ books 91 #bhe2 ! spell (1 #cjj2 ref]r$ to1 #ad1 #ba1 #id1 #aaa1 #ahb ,le ,b1 ,guillaume1 #bbh ,lee1 ,sir ,sidney1 #hf1 #agd1 #age ,leigh1 ,maj4 ,fr$]ick ,t41 #ahd ,leipzig1 libr>y (1 #aif ,lelio1 ,lucrezia1 #bac ,leo ,x1 ,pope1 #bhb4 ,see also ,m$ici1 ,giovanni de' ,lett]+1 see ,h& lett]+ ,lett]s1 rais$ gold1 #aaf ,lewes1 ,george ,h5ry1 9 ! ,magliabec*ian ,libr>y1 #bib-bih ,leyd51 h]oic resi/ance to ,spani% siege1 #bci2 becomes ! intellectual & lit]>y c5t] ( ,europe1 #bci2 ,plant9 91 #bci2 ! ,elzevirs 91 #bci-bdj ,leyd51 ! ,univ]sity (1 #bci2 ,plant9 made pr9t] to1 #bci2 ,isaac ,elzevir made pr9t] to1 #bdj ,l9disf>ne ,gospels1 !1 describ$1 #aai-abe ,lippi1 #bif ,lippi1 ,fra ,filippo1 #bh ,lipsius1 ! hi/orian1 #bci ,li?ography1 #aje ,little ,novels ( ,italy1 ,hewlett's1 #aei ,lockh>t1 ,john ,gibson1 #ff ,longfell[1 ,h5ry ,wadswor?1 #agh ,longmans1 ,london publi%]s1 #ff ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 see ,m$ici1 ,lor5zo de' ,lorra9e1 ! ,h\se (1 & ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhc ,l\is ,,xi1 ( ,france1 #adj ,l\is ,,xii1 ( ,france1 #aej ,l\is ,,xiv1 ( ,france1 #aih ,l\is ,,xv1 ( ,france1 #adj ,l\is1 ,sa9t1 ,psalt] (1 describ$1 #abh-aca2 dea? (1 #abi ,l\nsbury1 ,pr(essor1 ( ,yale1 #hd ,l[ell1 ,james ,russell1 #agh ,lu!r1 ,m>t91 #bae1 #bbd ,mabie1 ,hamilton ,w41 #agg1 #ahg ,macaulay1 ,?omas ,b41 quot$ on ,bask]ville editions1 #bde ,ma*iavelli1 ,niccolo1 #aha1 #bhd ,macmillan ,company1 !1 #bf ,magliabec*i1 ,antonio1 #bib-bie ,magliabec*ian ,libr>y1 !1 #bhd2 ,george ,eliot 91 #bia-bih ,malmantile1 ,lippi's1 #bif ,man & ,sup]man1 ,%aw's1 ! mak+ (1 #fg ,mantegna1 ,&rea1 #ie ,manuscripts1 me?ods ( reproduc+1 #i ,manuscripts1 illum9at$1 romance (1 #aad2 n ! play?+s ( ! common p1 #aae ,manutius1 ,aldus1 see ,aldus ,manutius ,m>ie1 ,madame1 ( ,france1 #acj ,m>9elli1 #bhj ,m>mion1 ,scott's1 #ff ,m>telli ,*apel1 !1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,lor5zo1 ,flor5ce1 #bge ,m>y1 ,que51 ( ,engl&1 ,psalt] (1 describ$1 #aca-acd2 ref]r$ to1 #acb ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 #aef-aeg ,mat!ws1 ,br&]1 #agg ,may5ce1 pr9t+ at1 #aih1 #bjd1 #baf ,maz>91 ,c>d9al1 #aih ,md>d1 ,sa9t1 ! ,gold5 ,gospels (1 #abg-abh ,m$icean ,libr>y1 !1 see ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ! ,m$ici1 !1 #adg2 ,savon>ola's diatribes aga9/1 #bgd2 & ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhj ,m$ici1 ,aless&ro de'1 #bgd ,m$ici ar*ives1 !1 #ad ,m$ici1 ,ca!r9e de'1 #acf ,m$ici1 ! ,*apel ( !1 9 ,flor5ce1 #bhd ,m$ici1 ,cosimo ,i de'1 see ,cosimo il ,vec*io ,m$ici1 ,cosimo ,,ii de'1 see ,cosimo ,,ii ,m$ici1 ,giovanni de' 7lat] ,pope ,leo ,x71 #bge2 & ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhb1 #bhc ,m$ici1 ,giulio de' 7lat] ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii71 #bgf2 commissions ,mi*elangelo to erect build+ = ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bhc ,m$ici1 ,lor5zo de'1 ,book ( ,h\rs made by d',antonio =1 #aaa1 #adf-adi1 #bij2 tomb (1 #bge2 & ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bha-bhc2 8 p]sonality1 #bha-bhb2 ref]r$ to1 #aaa1 #aab1 #adh ,m$ici1 ,pi]o de'1 #bge ,meml+1 ,hans1 #adb ,m5elik1 ,k+1 ( ,abyss9ia1 #ajd ,m5tel91 types (1 #ai ,m5ticulture1 ,horace ,flet*]'s1 #ge ,mess9a1 ,antonello di1 #adb ,mett]ni*1 ,pr9ce1 #bhi ,mi*elangelo1 lett]s (1 #ahb1 #bij2 8 plan = ! faade ( ,s4 ,lor5zo1 #bgc2 ,v>*i's tribute to1 #bge2 8 tomb = ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 #age2 8 "w 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bgf2 8 lett] to ,vas>i1 #bgh2 manuscript poems (1 #bhg2 ref]r$ to1 #ad ,mi*elangelo ar*ives1 !1 #ad1 #ahb ,migliore1 #bif ,milan1 e>ly pr9t+ at1 #bhf ,mill>1 ,eric ,george1 quot$1 #abb1 #abc ,mill]1 ,mr41 ,london publi%]1 #ff ,m9ium1 #aab1 #aah ,m9uscule *>act]s1 describ$1 #abc2 introduc$1 #abf 8,mirror0 title1 !1 #id ,mo*5i*o1 ,doge ,pietro1 #bjb 8,mod]n0 type1 ! introduction (1 #bea ,molds1 e>ly type1 #bja ,monaco1 ,lor5zo1 #adi1 #bij ,monks1 ! ,iri%1 #abj1 #abe ,monni]1 ,philippe1 #afj ,montanus1 ,arias1 #bbg ,morelli1 libr>ian ( ! ,san ,m>co ,libr>y1 ,v5ice1 #adc ,moretus1 inh]its ! ,plant9 (fice1 #bcd ,morgan ,libr>y1 !1 see ,pi]pont ,morgan ,libr>y1 ! ,morris *air1 !1 #beh ,morris end pap]s1 !1 #beh ,morris wall pap]s1 !1 #beh1 #bfj ,morris1 ,william1 demon/rates possibilities ( pr9t+ z an art1 #ad2 ,gold5 type (1 #ah2 8 o!r type designs1 #ah-bj2 plac$ pr9t+ back among ! f9e arts1 #ee1 #beh2 ,b]n>d ,%aw's en?usiasm =1 #fi-gj2 8 dislike ( ! ,bodoni type1 #hj2 8 title pages1 #if2 e>ly exp]im5ts (1 #beh2 ! ,kelmscott ,*auc]1 #bei-bfh2 decl9es ! poet-laureate%ip ( ,engl&1 #bfj2 dea? (1 #bfb2 e/imate ( 8 "w1 #bfc2 8 def9ition ( ! type ideal1 #bfh2 ref]r$ to1 #f1 #if1 #beh ,muni*1 libr>y (1 #aif ,murray1 ! ,h\se (1 #fe ,murray ,,ii1 ,john1 & ,walt] ,scott1 #ff2 lett] to ,scott f1 #ff ,murray ,,iii1 ,john1 burns manuscript ( ,byron's memoirs1 #fe ,murray ,,iv1 ,john1 #bf1 #bg1 #fe ,muse ,cond1 !1 at ,*antilly1 #aaf ,naples1 e>ly pr9t+ at1 #bhf ,nazionale ,c5trale1 ! ,biblioteca1 9 ,flor5ce1 see ,magliabec*ian ,libr>y1 ! ,nem\rs1 ! ,duc de1 #aci ,nob>1 ,royal pr9t] to ,franois ,i ( ,france1 #baf ,ne!rl&i% illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,flemi% ,ne!rl&s1 !1 typographical supremacy (1 #aid1 #bbc-bdd2 comm]cial supremacy (1 #bbc2 deva/at$ by w>1 #bci ,new ,=e/1 !1 9 ,engl&1 #aeh ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 !1 #aif ,norton1 ,*>les ,eliot1 #bf2 autograph lett] (1 #ca2 8 association ) ! design ( ! ,humani/ic type1 #cb1 #ahj-aha2 recollections & reflections on1 #agh-ahc2 8 meet+ ) ,guido ,biagi1 #ahb-ahc ,ode to ,c]vantes1 ,dobson's1 #afd 8,old-/yle0 type1 ! pass+ (1 #bea2 reviv$ by ,pick]+1 #bea ,orcutt1 ,reg9ald ,wilson1 #afe ,orcutt1 ,william ,dana1 fir/ visit to ,italy1 #ad2 meet+ ) ,guido ,biagi1 #ad1 #bgg2 8 "w design+ ! ,humani/ic type1 #ag-cc2 9 ! ,ambrosiana ,libr>y1 #bd-be2 exp]i5ces ) ,will>d ,fiske1 #bf1 #bg2 appr5tice%ip at old ,univ]sity ,press1 #ch2 exp]i5ce ) ,eug5e ,field1 #ch-da2 exp]i5ces ) ,mrs4 ,m>y ,bak] ,eddy1 #eb2 becomes head ( ,univ]sity ,press1 #ee2 8 ambition to emulate me?ods ( e>ly pr9t]s1 #ee2 exp]i5ces ) ,b]n>d ,%aw1 #fg-ga2 returns to ,italy 9 #aijc1 #ge2 8 int]e/ 9 ! ,bodoni & ,didot types1 #gh2 8 acqua9tance ) ,horace ,flet*]1 #ge1 #hb1 #hd1 #hf2 8 acqua9tance ) ,h5ry ,james1 #hf2 visit to ,lamb ,h\se1 #hi2 exp]i5ces ) ,william ,james1 #ij-ib2 exp]i5ces ) ,cobd5-,s&]son1 #if-aja2 exp]i5ces ) ,!odore ,roosevelt1 #aja-ajf2 becomes int]e/$ 9 illum9ation1 #aaa2 meet+ ) ,maurice ,hewlett1 #aee-afb2 exp]i5ces ) ,au/9 ,dobson1 #afb-afi2 exp]i5ces ) ,m>k ,twa91 #agj-agg2 exp]i5ces ) ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 #agh-ahc2 exp]i5ces ) ,william ,dean ,h[ells1 #ahc-ahh2 exp]i5ces 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bgc-cjj2 la/ visit ) ,guido ,biagi1 #bii-cjj ,orcutt1 ,mrs4 ,william ,dana1 #afe1 #aga ,ori5tal gold1 #aab ,or?ographia dictionum e ,grcia tract>um1 ,tortelli's1 #bhf ,ox=d1 ,edw>d ,h>ley1 #b;d ,e>l (1 #acf ,palat9a1 ! ,biblioteca1 at ,flor5ce1 #bic ,pan & ! ,"y ,%eph]d1 ,hewlett's1 #aei ,pap]1 poor] quality introduc$1 #bch2 ,italian h&made1 #bch2 ,fr5* h&made1 #bch1 #beg2 ,bask]ville ! fir/ to introduce glossy1 #bej ,p>*m5t1 ,engli%1 #bi2 ,flor5t9e1 #bh2 ,roman1 #bh2 virg91 #aac ,p>is1 #bbg ,p>is ,exposition ( #ahja1 !1 #beh ,pass]9i1 ,luigi1 #big ,patmore1 ,cov5try1 #hi ,patrons1 ,italian1 attitude t[>d pr9t$ book (1 #aa2 _! conception ( a book1 #aa2 _! real reasons = oppos+ ! art ( pr9t+1 #ab1 #aea ,peignot f\ndry1 !1 9 ,p>is1 #hj ,p]sia1 #aah ,p]ugia1 #bia ,petr>ca1 ,francesco1 ! fa!r ( humanism1 #ae2 ,italic type said to be bas$ ^u h&writ+ (1 #ag1 #baj2 portrait (1 #bhg1 #bhi2 quot$1 #bij ,petr>*1 see ,petr>ca1 ,francesco ,petr>*1 ! ,humani/ic1 ! type design1 #ag-bf2 ! copy1 #bf1 #bg2 ! illu/rations1 #bh2 ! p>*m5t1 #bh2 ! ink1 #bi1 #cj2 ! composition1 #cj2 ,norton's e/imate (1 #cb ,philip1 ( ,burgundy1 #ace ,philip ,,ii1 ( ,spa91 #bbg2 8 int]e/ 9 ,plant9's ,biblia ,polyglotta1 #bbg-bbh1 #bcc2 makes ,plant9 prototypographe1 #bcc ,pick]+1 ! ,london publi%]1 revives ! old-/yle type1 #bea ,pi$mont1 e>ly pr9t+ at1 #bhf ,pi]pont ,morgan ,libr>y1 !1 ,new ,york1 #ii1 #aif ,pisa1 #bia ,pius ,,xi1 ,pope1 see ,ratti1 ,a*ille ,plant91 ,*ri/ophe1 f9ancially emb>rass$ by 8 ,biblia ,polyglotta1 #ef1 #bch2 8 ,greek types1 #bba2 leaves ,france1 #bbc2 conception & mak+ ( 8 ,biblia ,polyglotta1 #bbg-bcc2 8 types1 #bbh2 8 pr9t]'s m>k1 #bbh1 #bcf2 made prototypographe by ,philip ,,ii1 #bcc2 ! value ( 8 "w e/imat$1 #bcc2 mis=tunes endur$ by1 #bcc2 9 ,leyd51 #bci2 made pr9t] to ,univ]sity ( ,leyd51 #bci2 ref]r$ to1 #gi1 #bcg ,plant9-,moretus ,museum1 !1 at ,antw]p1 #bce ,pl9y1 ,elzevir's1 #bdj ,plutei1 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 design$ by ,mi*elangelo1 #ad1 #bgf1 #bhf1 #cjj ,politian1 #aha4 ,see also ,poliziano1 ,angelo ,poliziano1 ,angelo1 #bae4 ,see also ,politian ,poll>d1 ,alfr$ ,w41 #bg ,polyglot ,bible1 ,plant9's1 see ,biblia ,polyglotta ,portl&1 ! ,du*ess (1 #acf ,pragmatism1 ,william ,james'1 #ij ,pr9t$ book1 !1 attitude ( ,italian patrons t[>d1 #aa-ab2 compet$ aga9/ ! writt5 book1 #aii2 ,aldus *anges =mat (1 #bjg2 ,elzevirs *ange =mat (1 #bdj2 important "p play$ 9 ,,xvi c5tury by1 #bae ,pr9t]1 !1 responsibilities (1 9 e>ly days1 #bjh ,pr9t+1 z an art1 oppos$ by ! ,italian patrons1 #aa-ac2 its possibilities demon/rat$ by ,william ,morris1 #ad2 brief supremacy ( ,g]many 91 #aid-bja2 supremacy ( ,italy 91 #bja-bae2 supremacy ( ,france 91 #bae-bbc2 supremacy ( ! ,ne!rl&s 91 #bbc-bdd2 lapses into a trade1 #bch2 supremacy ( ,engl& 91 #bdd-bej2 second supremacy ( ,france 91 #bea-beh2 second supremacy ( ,engl& 91 #beh-bfc ,pr9t+1 inv5tion (1 made books common1 #aea ,priori/a1 ,*i>i's1 #big ,pro(read+1 9 #ahia1 #dg ,psalt] ( ,sa9t ,l\is1 !1 describ$1 #abh-aca ,publi%]s1 relations betwe5 au?ors &1 #ea1 #fc ,quattroc5to1 ,le1 ,monni]'s1 #afj ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt]1 describ$1 #aca-acd1 #adf ,que5's ,quair1 ,!1 ,hewlett's1 #aee-aef ,rac9e1 ,pi]re ,didot's1 #bea2 describ$1 #beb-beh ,raphael1 #aac ,raphel5gius1 #bci ,ra/relli1 #big ,ratti1 ,a*ille1 #be1 #aag ,rav5na1 #abh ,re=mation1 !1 #bae ,r5aissance1 !1 humani/ic movem5t ! =]unn] & ess5ce (1 #ae1 #afj2 ,t\rs becomes c5t] (1 9 ,france1 #aci ,reppli]1 ,agnes1 #agg ,ricc>di ,libr>y1 !1 #ad1 #adi1 #ahb1 #bij ,ri*>dson1 ,samuel1 #afc ,riv]side ,press1 !1 #db ,road 9 ,tuscany1 !1 ,hewlett's1 #aei ,rob]tet1 ,franois1 #adj ,roman ,cal5d>1 !1 #aag ,romanesque illum9ation1 see ,illum9ation1 ,romanesque ,romans1 !1 #g ,rome1 ! ri* humanities (1 #ae2 ref]r$ to1 #abf ,romola1 ,george ,eliot's1 #bib-bii2 volumes consult$ 9 writ+1 #bif-bih ,roosevelt1 ,!odore1 deeply int]e/$ 9 physical side ( books1 #ajb2 8 int]e/ 9 illu/ration1 #aje ,royal ,greeks1 !1 ( ti5ne1 #bai-bbb ,rub5s1 ,pet] ,paul1 #ie1 #aac ,rusk91 ,john1 #agh1 #ahb ,russia1 ! ,emp]or (1 #ajc ,rutl&1 ! ,e>l (1 #aca ,sacri/y1 ! ,new1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,lor5zo1 ,flor5ce1 #bge ,sacri/y1 ! ,old1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,lor5zo1 ,flor5ce1 #bge ,saga ,libr>y1 !1 #bfj ,sa9t ,john1 ! ,fea/ (1 #big ,/4 ,l\is ,exposition1 !1 #ahb1 #bii ,sa9t ,pet]1 ! ,holy ,sepul*re (1 #bhh ,sala di ,mi*elangiolo1 !1 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce1 #ad2 describ$1 #bgf ,sale1 ,madonna ,laura de ,noves de1 portrait (1 #bhg1 #bhi2 ,petr>*'s v]ses to1 #bij ,salisbury1 ! ,m>quis (1 #afe ,san ,lor5zo1 ! ,*ur* (1 9 ,flor5ce1 #bgd1 #bhc ,san ,m>co1 ! ,conv5t (1 9 ,flor5ce1 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhh ,san ,m>co1 ! ,libr>y (1 ,v5ice1 #aai1 #ada1 #adc1 #ade ,san ,vitale1 ! ,*ur* (1 at ,rav5na1 #abh ,s>ac5s1 !1 #g ,savon>ola1 #bgd1 #bhd ,savoy1 ! ,duke (1 #bcc ,s*oeff]1 types (1 #ai2 ref]r$ to1 #aih ,sci5ce & ,heal?1 #eb ,scott1 ,g54 ,hugh ,l5nox1 #hb ,scott1 ,walt]1 & ,john ,murray ,,ii1 #ff2 lett] f ,murray to1 #ff ,scribes1 ! humani/ic1 base _! lett]+ on ! ,c>ol9e m9uscule1 #abf2 ref]r$ to1 #af1 #ba1 #bd ,scribes1 ! mona/ic1 9 ,,xv c5tury1 #i ,scribes1 ! secul>1 9 ,,xv c5tury1 #aj ,scriptorium1 !1 #i ,second ,book ( ,v]se1 ,eug5e ,field's1 #ch ,semi-uncial *>act]s1 describ$1 #abc ,s=za ,book ( ,h\rs1 !1 #ade 8,%ady ,hill10 9 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 home ( ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 #ahj1 #aha ,%akespe>e fir/ folio1 a1 value (1 #aif ,%aw1 ,g4 ,b]n>d1 8 int]e/ 9 pr9t+1 #fg-ga2 ! mak+ ( 8 ,man & ,sup]man1 #fg2 8 en?usiasm = ,william ,morris1 #fi2 lett]s f1 #fh-ga ,%elley1 ,p]cy ,bys%e1 #aeh ,%]ry's1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 #ahg ,si5a1 #bia ,silas ,m>n]1 ,george ,eliot's1 #bif ,s9ibaldi1 ,antonio1 ! ,virgil (1 #af2 ! ,book ( ,h\rs (1 #aab ,sixtus ,,iv1 ,pope1 #adb ,smi?1 ,baldw91 #acb ,smi?1 ,f4 ,hopk9son1 #agg ,som]set1 ,john1 #ace ,so!by's1 9 ,london1 #adj ,spa91 ! ,ne!rl&s "u ! dom9ation (1 #bbg2 ref]r$ to1 #aab1 #aah ,spani% siege1 !1 ( ,leyd51 #bci ,spani% ,w>1 !1 #agi ,spell1 ,!1 ,orcutt's1 #ij1 #ahd ,spires1 ! t[n (1 #bhf ,/eele1 ,sir ,ri*>d1 #afc ,subiaco1 e>ly pr9t+ at1 #bhe ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz1 ru9$ by exp]im5ts 9 ,greek1 #ef1 #bch2 engrav$ blocks (1 #bhe ,switz]l&1 #bch ,syriac ,gospels1 !1 #bhg ,taft1 ,presid5t ,william ,h41 #ahh ,tape/ries1 ! ,hall (1 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce1 #bhe ,t5nyson1 ,alfr$1 ,"l1 #bfj ,t]5ce1 ,elzevir's1 #bdj2 describ$1 #bda-bdc ,!r ,ho]n51 ,arnold1 #id ,!saurus1 !1 pr9t$ by ,h5ri ti5ne1 #ef1 #bch ,?ompson1 ,h5ry ,yates1 #adj ,?omson1 ,hugh1 #aff ,title1 ! engrav$1 #ie ,title1 ! 8mirror10 #id ,title page1 !1 ,b]n>d ,%aw's ideas conc]n+1 #fg2 ,william ,james' ideas conc]n+1 #ib2 8! door to ! h\se10 #ib2 evolution (1 #ib-if4 ,see also ,title1 ! engrav$2 ,title1 ! 8mirror0 ,togo1 ,admiral1 #ajc ,torresani1 ,&rea1 #bad ,torresani1 ,f$]ico1 #bad ,torresani1 ,francesco1 fri5d%ip ( ,jean ,groli] )1 #bad2 lett] f ,jean ,groli] to1 #bae ,tortelli1 #bhf ,t\rs1 becomes c5t] ( ,r5aissance 9 ,france1 #aci ,t\rs1 ! ,s*ool (1 #abf ,trs ,ri*es ,heures1 !1 ( ! ,duc de ,b]ry1 #aaf ,tribuna1 !1 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce1 #bhe ,trionfi1 ,petr>*'s1 #bf1 #bh1 #aha ,triumphs1 ,petr>*'s1 see ,trionfi1 ,petr>*'s ,trophies ( ,h]$ia1 #ajb ,troy type1 !1 design$ by ,william ,morris1 #bj ,tur91 e>ly pr9t+ at1 #bhf ,twa91 ,m>k1 & ! ,jump+ ,frog1 #fa2 recollections & reflections on1 #agj-agg2 ! ,h>vey bir?day d9n]1 #agf2 ref]r$ to1 #ahh ,type design1 difficulties (1 #ag ,types1 e>ly designs (1 #ag2 ,aldus' designs (1 #ag2 ,j5son's designs (1 #ah2 ,william ,morris' designs (1 #ah2 ,william ,morris' def9ition (1 ! ideal1 #bfh4 ,see also ,humani/ic type1 ,j5son ,roman type1 ,j5son ,go?ic type1 ,gold5 type1 ,doves type ,typesett+1 9 #ahia1 #dd ,univ]sity ,press1 ! old1 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 #e1 #ch1 #da1 #db1 #df1 #dg1 #di1 #ea1 #ajb ,upsala1 ,sw$51 #aai ,urb9o1 ! ,duke (1 #ab ,vacca1 ! ,palazzo dei della1 #bhd ,vallombrosa1 #aga1 #bia ,van-d]-,meire1 ,g]>d1 #adb ,v>*i1 8 tribute to ,mi*elangelo1 #bge ,vas>i1 8 "w 9 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 #bgh2 ,mi*elangelo's lett] to1 #bgh ,vatican ,libr>y1 !1 at ,rome1 #aag1 #aif ,vellum1 #aae1 #beg4 ,see also1 ,p>*m5t ,v5etian ,days1 ,h[ells'1 #ahf ,v5etian ,republic1 !1 #adb2 enc\rages ! art ( pr9t+1 #bjb ,v5ice1 e>ly pr9t+ 91 #id1 #bjd1 #bjf1 #bad1 #bhf2 ,h[ells' love =1 #ahf2 becomes ! ,mecca ( pr9t]s1 #bjb2 ,john ( ,spires 91 #bhf ,v]getios1 ,angelos1 #bai ,v]roc*io1 #bge ,victoire1 ,pi]re1 quot$1 #bbj ,victoria1 ,que51 ( ,engl&1 #adj ,vi5na1 libr>y (1 #aif ,villa di ,qu>to1 !1 9 ,flor5ce1 ,m>k ,twa9 at1 #aga ,villa ,m$ici1 !1 9 ,rome1 #bhb ,vill>i1 ,pasquale1 #bhd1 #bia1 #bih ,v9ci1 da1 ar*ives1 !1 #ad1 #ahb1 #bij ,v9ci1 ,leon>do da1 sket*es (1 #bij2 ref]r$ to1 #ad1 #ahb ,virgil1 ,bask]ville's1 #bdd2 describ$1 #bdf-bej ,virgil1 illum9at$ by ,s9ibaldi1 #af ,virgil1 ! ,m$icean1 #bhg2 ! /ory (1 #bhh-bhi ,virgil1 ! ,vatican1 #aag ,vita di ,g4 ,savon>ola1 ,la1 ,vill>i's1 #bih ,vittoria1 ,aless&ro1 #adc ,wages1 9 #ahia1 #eh ,walk]1 ,em]y1 designs ! ,doves type1 #ah1 #ai2 engraves plates = ,humani/ic ,petr>*1 #bh2 at ! ,doves ,press1 #bfc2 ref]r$ to1 #ga ,walpole1 ,horace1 #afc ,w>n]1 ,sir ,george1 #adj ,wid5]1 ,joseph ,e41 libr>y (1 #aif ,wigg91 ,rev4 ,james ,h5ry1 #eb ,wigg91 ,kate ,d\glas1 #agg ,wilhelm1 ,kais]1 #ajc1 #ajd ,william ( ,orange1 f\nds ! ,univ]sity ( ,leyd51 #bci ,william ! ,conqu]or1 #aeh ,wilson1 ,francis1 #ch ,wilson1 ,john1 #e1 #f1 #ch1 #dj1 #db1 #df1 #eb1 #ec1 #ee ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 #adj ,wood1 ,g54 ,leon>d1 #hb ,wood cuts1 #ajf ,wordswor?1 ,william1 quot$1 #bj ,_w ,w>1 !1 #ajc ,worsley1 ,sir ,rob]t1 #acf ,writ+1 see ,h& lett]+ ,writt5 book1 ! pr9t$ book _h to compete aga9/1 #aii ,yale ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 !1 #aif ,za9]1 ,gun!r1 types (1 #bj ,,?is ,,volume is compos$ 9 ,poliphilus type1 reproduc$ by ! ,lan/on ,monotype ,corporation1 ,london1 f ! ,roman face design$ 9 #adii by ,francesco ,griffo1 ( ,bologna1 = ,aldus ,manutius1 & orig9ally us$ 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili4 ,! ,italic is bas$ ^u t design$ = ,antonio ,blado1 ,pr9t] to ! ,holy ,see f #aeae to #aefg4 ,! cov]1 a mod]n adaptation ( ! ,groli] design us$ on ,capella3 ,l',an?ropologia1 is design$ by ,enrico ,monetti4 ,! illu/rations1 _m n[ appe>+ 9 book =m = ! fir/ "t1 7 secur$ *iefly ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ! libr>ians ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,london2 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is2 ! ,laur5ziana ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce2 ! ,ambrosiana ,libr>y1 ,milan2 ! ,m>ciana ,libr>y1 ,v5ice2 ! ,vatican ,libr>y1 ,rome2 & f private collectors4 ,! plates ( ! illu/rations 7 made by ! ,walk] ,engrav+ ,company1 ,new ,york ,city1 & are pr9t$ on ,de,jonge's ,art ,mat4 ,! text pap] is ,w>r5's ,olde ,/yle4 ,! typography1 presswork1 & b9d+ are by ! ,plimpton ,press1 ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts1 "u ! p]sonal sup]vision ( ,william ,dana ,orcutt4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes - ,italics d5ot$ by und]scores4 - ,illu/rations h be5 position$ ne> ! relevant text4 - ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations & ! ,index4 - ,! ends ( ea* *apt] & "s block quotes _h l9e l5g?s t tap]$ small] & small] 9 a decorative way & did n end ) a p]iod4 ,because ( ! v>iable nature ( electronic texts1 ! au?or's int5tion sadly _c be reproduc$ z int5d$4 - ,illu/ration captions on numb]$ pages 7 9 italic :ile captions on unnumb]$ pages 7 n4 ,italics remov$ to make illu/ration captions consi/5t4 - ,9 "s captions measurem5ts 7 9 p>5!sis & o!rs 7 9 brackets4 ,conv]t$ all to p>5!sis = consi/5cy4 - ,! book has half-title pages be=e ea* *apt] t reproduce ! *apt] numb] & title4 ,remov$ ! r$undant half-title cont5t4 - ,page #dd3 ,correct$ 8,typsett+0 to 8,typesett+04 - ,page #agj3 ,add$ a ?\ght break z ! topic *anges f ,dobson to ,twa94 - ,page #agh3 ,add$ a ?\ght break z ! topic *anges f ,twa9 to ,norton4 - ,page #bfi3 ,! ^w 8hopefulness0 is n hyph5at$ 9 ! orig9al z "p ( ! decorative tap]$ l9es4 ,! ^w has be5 rejo9$4