,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,mexico ,by ,,lewis ,,sp5ce ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,an?ropological ,,in/itute ,,( ,,great ,,brita9 ,,& ,,irel& ,,illu/rat$ ,,new ,,york ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,company ,,publi%]s #aibc ,,to ,,my ,,wife1 ,,) ,,deepe/ ,,gratitude ,,& ,,affection ,,preface ,?is book deals exclusively ) ! religion ( ! peoples ( anci5t ,mexico4 ,) ! hi/ory & ar*ology ( t c\ntry ,i am n conc]n$ 9 ^! pages1 unless :]e !y h a be>+ ^u ! ma9 subject4 ,by 8,mexico0 ,i mean t region ( ,nor? ,am]ica ly+ betwe5 ! ,tropic ( ,canc] & ! ,i/hmus ( ,tehuantepec4 ,?us only pass+ ref]5ce to ! religion ( ! ,maya ( ,yucatan or ! ,qui*e ( ,guatemala is made 9 ! way ( occasional comp>ison4 ,i h ?\ght x be/ at ! outset to make ^! po9ts cle> beyond ! possibility ( misappreh5sion4 ,x 0 =m]ly usual to reg>d ! entire tract occupi$ by ,c5tral ,am]ican civilization f ! ,tropic ( ,canc] to ,nic>agua z "o & indivisible 9 its manife/ations4 ,b x is n[ cle> t ! type ( advancem5t peculi> to ! m nor!rly portion inhabit$ by ! ,nahua 7,aztec & ,*i*imec7 peoples ( ,mexico prop] pres5ts num]\s & /rik+ div]g5cies f ! m s\!rly ?\gh relat$ ,maya civilization ( ,yucatan & ,guatemala4 ,reg>d+ ! priority ( ^! two cultures no d\bt exi/s4 ,! ,maya 0 greatly ! m anci5t4 ,b dur+ ! c5tury prec$+ ! conque/ ( ,mexico by ,cortz x _h be5 subject$ to ,nahua immigration & influ5ces1 especially z reg>ds its religi\s beliefs4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to ex]cise caution 9 ! id5tification ( ,nahua or ,mexican ) ,maya my?s & div9e =ms1 & ) ?is 9 view ,i h direct$ my rese>*es m especially to an exam9ation ( ! deities & ritual practices ( ! ,mexican area1 9 ! hope t once ! fundam5tal beliefs ( ?is bett]-kn[n region h be5 asc]ta9$1 ! results arriv$ at may be appli$ ) "s measure ( confid5ce to ! obscure field ( ,maya belief4 ,x seem$ to me also ess5tial1 if progress 7 to be made1 to apply a m int5sive me?od ( inve/igation ?an has hi!rto be5 deem$ possible or desirable to ! fir/ orig9s ( ! ,mexican gods1 & x is especially ) ! results obta9$ by ?is means t ,i am conc]n$ r ?an ) ! conclusions ( o!rs4 ,i h *os5 ,! ,gods ( ,mexico z ! title ( ?is book1 z its cont5ts ref] m p>ticul>ly to ! developm5t & g5]al description ( ! deities ( anci5t ,anahuac ?an to ! que/ions ( ritual1 prie/hood1 or religi\s ar*itecture4 ,x has seem$ to me t1 once ! fundam5tal nature ( ! gods has be5 made cle>1 :5 ! multitud9\s & conflict+ details reg>d+ !m h be5 sift$1 collat$1 & r$uc$ to ord]1 m w h be5 done to discov] ! :ole purport ( ,mexican religion ?an if inve/igation _h be5 direct$ 9 p>ticul> to ritual practice4 ,b t ,i h n neglect$ ! "q ( ritual is prov$ by ! ext5d$ notices ( ! fe/ivals ,i h app5d$ to ! description ( ea* ( ! gods4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 conf9$ my descriptions & criticisms ( c]emonial to ^!1 & h refra9$ f ! illu/ration ( ! sacram5ts ( life & dea?1 baptism1 burial1 & ! l1 z x is my hope to be able to deal ) ! :ole subject ( rituali/ic practice among ! ,mexicans at a future date4 ,_m au?orities1 ev5 %\ld !y sympa?ize ) ! endeav\r set =? 9 ^! pages1 w "q its time\sness4 ,our k ( ! religion ( anci5t ,mexico1 !y w say1 is /ill too vague & too fragm5t>y to p]mit ( ! assemblage & criticism ( its mat]ial4 ,su* a *>ge x is impossible to ga9say4 ,yet ! bitt]-sweet exp]i5ce ( tw5ty ye>s ( m$itation among ! ru9s ( ! ,mexican pan!on has embold5$ me to attempt its p>tial re/oration by ! aid ( su* recon/ructive capacity z ,i possess4 ,my reasons = essay+ ?is r adv5tur\s und]tak+ are tw(old4 ,! fir/ is1 t al?\gh ! "t is sc>cely ripe = x1 ! v5ture may inspire m skilful inve/igators to address !mselves to ! task ( rese>* 9 a subject t has be5 unacc\ntably neglect$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! second is ! hope t ^? :o come aft] me 9 ! /udy ( ,mexican religion may1 z ! result ( my lab\rs1 be sp>$ ! _m we>y ye>s ( grop+ t h fall5 to my lot1 & be enabl$ to comm5ce _! j\rney f ! po9t :]e ,i n[ /&4 ,al?\gh political & f9ancial conditions 9 ,mexico frequ5tly ar\se a pass+ agitation 9 ! m9ds ( ,briti% p1 ! antiquities ( t extraord9>y l&1 v>i\s z ,greece & my/]i\s z ,egypt1 h fail$ to appeal to !m ) ! same degree ( int]e/4 ,we h n yet1 p]haps1 q recov]$ f ! amazem5t ) :i* 9 our own day we h se5 ! secret gates ( ! ,ea/ unlock$ & ! prodigies ( ,mesopotamia & ! endless dyna/ies ( ! ,nile em]ge !refrom4 ,yet an ar*ology less v5]able1 b no less notable1 pleads ) u = recognition f a cont95t s closely associat$ ) ! _s ( mod]nity t we c sc>cely believe 9 its ability to pres5t u ) ! cr$5tials ( respectable antiquity4 ,am]ican sci5ti/s1 h[ev]1 h 9 rec5t ye>s successfully address$ !mselves to ! problems ( ,i/hmian rese>*1 & ! antiqu>ies ( ,g]many & ,france h1 9 c]ta9 respects1 ev5 improv$ ^u _! endeav\rs4 ,great ,brita9 alone rema9s ins5sible to ! lure ( old ,mexico1 & small inde$ is ! b& ( work]s t %e has giv5 to ?is dep>tm5t ( ar*ology4 ,no manife/ation ( ! life & ?\ght ( anci5t ,mexico s well des]ves ! att5tion ( ,briti% /ud5ts ( antiquity z its picturesque if biz>re religion4 ,our position 9 folklore is pre-em95t2 inde$ we may ) ju/ice claim ! recon/ruction ( traditional sci5ce z due to ! ef=ts ( ,briti% s*ol>%ip4 ,z ! ,engli% ^w 8folklore0 is 9 _w-wide use1 s is ! t]m9ology ( ! sci5ce x d5otes replete ) ,engli% expressions2 yet 9 ,briti% works :i* deal ) traditional lore ! ,mexican analogies employ$ are almo/ inv>iably quot$ at second-h&1 s\rces ( ! mo/ unsatisfactory description are drawn ^u to illu/rate ,mexican belief1 & x is obvi\s t ! few mod]n treatises :i* h s\ght to expla9 ?is mo/ involv$ ( all my?ologies are n suffici5tly tak5 advantage ( by au?orities on folklore4 ,to ^? :o possess ev5 an elem5t>y acqua9tance ) ! /udy ( ,mexican religion ?is w cause no surprise1 = ! initial difficulties :i* confront ev5 ! exp]i5c$ antiqu>y :o desires to ga9 a work+ k ( its pr9ciples are suffici5tly disc\rag+4 ,9 all likelihood ! que/ is soon] or lat] ab&on$ 9 despair ( acquir+ t fundam5tal in=mation f :i* x is possible to proce$ to a m pr(\nd k ( ! subject4 ,! native languages1 famili>ity ) :i* is desirable1 are complex & difficult ( ma/]y4 ,! pa9t+s or codices :i* depict ! gods pres5t a riot ( symbolic intricacy suffici5t 9 itself to damp en?usiasm4 ,_m ye>s mu/ be sp5t 9 ! /udy ( a sy/em ( symbolic pa9t+1 to :i* a specially qualifi$ section ( ! ,mexican prie/hood d$icat$ itself 9 ! full k ( a my?ological s*eme at ! nature ( :i* we c b guess4 ,x is1 above all1 necess>y to become ?or\ghly conv]sant ) an ov]:elm+ body ( ,spani% ,colonial lit]ature1 :i* mu/ be h&l$ ) ! greate/ discretion1 ow+ to its vague1 contradictory1 & ess5tially untru/wor?y "*4 ,la/ly1 an acqua9tance ) manuscript s\rces1 obscure & difficult ( access1 is q z indisp5sable1 & ^!1 inde$1 are among ! mo/ valuable ( ! adjuncts to a k ( ,mexican belief4 ,by f> ! mo/ em95t & successful among mod]n writ]s on ,mexican my?ology & ritual is ,pr(essor ,edu>d ,sel]1 ( ,b]l91 :o1 ow+ to ! g5]osity ( ! ,duc de ,l\bat1 has be5 enabl$ to publi% monographs ^u ! pr9cipal ,mexican hi]oglyphical pa9t+s or codices4 ,9 ^! he has done mu* = ! elucidation ( ! involv$ symbolism 9 :i* ! native ,,mss4 ab\nd1 & has greatly add$ to our k ( ! div9e =ms repres5t$ 9 _! grotesque pages4 ,elaborate photogravure reproductions ( ^!1 ! papyri ( ,mexico1 h also be5 publi%$1 sup]s$+ ! old] & less accurate copies 9 ! great collection ( ,"l ,k+sbor\gh4 ,9 8 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung51 #a too1 a "w q encyclopdic z reg>ds its scope & aim1 ,pr(essor ,sel] has approa*$ almo/ e problem pres5t$ by ,mexican ar*ology4 ,b 8 "w might h be5 ( great] value _h he be5 m9dful ( ! difficulties :i* ! subject pres5ts to ! non-speciali/ read]4 ,inde$1 ! te*nicality & aridity ( 8 g5]al me?od (t5 r5d] 8 output compreh5sible to few b ! 8s5ior wrangl]s0 ( ! /udy4 ,am]ican /ud5ts ( anci5t ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica h almo/ entirely conf9$ !mselves to ! exam9ation ( sites & monum5ts4 ,9 ,france1 ,m4 ,beu*at has provid$ /ud5ts ) an admirable h&book 9 8 ,ar*ologie ,amrica9e1 :i*1 if too g5]al 9 its purport & m>r$ by a lack ( l+ui/ic k1 is /ill valuable z an elem5t>y manual to ,am]ican antiquity4 ,! essays ( ,lehmann1 ,de ,jonghe1 & ,preuss h provid$ ! /ud5t ) translations ( manuscript mat]ial hi!rto clos$ to him1 or h smoo!d 8 way to a cle>] compreh5sion ( ! difficulties connect$ ) ! ,mexican cal5d>4 ,! be/ mod]n ,engli% h&book on ,mexican ar*ology is t by ,mr4 ,t4 ,a?ol ,joyce1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 b its lack ( ref]5ces is a s]i\s drawback & ! mat]ial x conta9s suff]s f compression4 ,! me?od ( my inve/igation ( ! div9e =ms ( ,mexico is set =? 9 ! introductory p>agraph imm$iately prec$+ t "p ( ! book :i* deals ) ! gods m especially4 ,reg>d+ ! tonalamatl & ! ,cal5d>1 ,i h ?\ght x be/ to relegate ?is difficult & obscure subject to an app5dix1 9 ord] t x %\ld n int]f]e ) ! ma9 curr5t ( pro(4 ,9 deal+ ) ! ,codices ?r\gh\t ,i h employ$ ! pag9ation ( ,sel] r ?an t ( ,k+sbor\gh1 z ref]r+ to ! m mod]n & greatly pref]able editions ( ! ,duc de ,l\bat1 except 9 cases :]e a manuscript is to be f\nd 9 ,k+sbor\gh's "w alone4 ,x is my s9c]e hope t ! bibliography at ! end ( ! book z well z t to be f\nd at ! conclusion ( ! app5dix on ! tonalamatl w light5 ! lab\r ( /ud5ts ( ,mexican religion1 ^: co-op]ation 9 ! discov]y ( errors ,i mo/ cordially invite4 ,! illu/rations 9 ?is book are1 = ! mo/ "p1 tak5 f ! native ,mexican codices or pa9t+s1 & f repres5tations ( ! gods 9 /one or pott]y4 ,x has1 ( c\rse1 be5 impossible to furni% e picture or repres5tation allud$ to 9 ! text1 b ^!1 9 _! entirety1 w be f\nd 9 ! excell5t col\r$ reproductions 9 collotype publi%$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat1 full p>ticul>s ( :i* are giv5 9 ! bibliography ( ! codices on pages #cgh-cha4 ,^! reproductions c be consult$ 9 _m ( ! great] libr>ies1 especially 9 ^? connect$ ) ! ,univ]sities4 ,i h pref]r$1 9 _m cases1 to furni% ! /ud5t ) ^? repres5tations ( ! gods :i* he w\ld h f\nd x m or less difficult to procure4 ,! numb]s ( ! pages or %eets atta*$ to ! illu/rations ref] to ! places :]e ! respective figures c be f\nd 9 ! reproductions ( ! ,duc de ,l\bat4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i h to ?ank my daught]1 :o took inf9ite pa9s 9 transcrib+ f books & treatises difficult ( access1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ! ,advocates' ,libr>y1 ,ed9burgh1 & :o sacrific$ mu* ( t "t :i* "y p usually devote to amusem5t 9 ord] t %e might help me 9 a difficult task4 ,l4 ,s4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,! type & evolution ( ,mexican religion--,! antiquity ( ,mexican religion--,! lit]ature ( ,mexican religion3 ,i1 ,! native codices2 ,,ii1 ,! native writ+s2 ,,iii1 ,native art-=ms2 ,,iv1 ,writ+s ( ! ,spani% conqu]ors ( ,mexico--,! orig9s ( ,mexican religion--,evid5ce ( e>ly religion 9 ,mexico--,deification ( ! elem5ts ( gr[?--,evid5ces ( primitive influ5ces--,feti%tic orig9 ( gods--,animal gods--,gr[? ( ! ra9-cult--,! necessity = human sacrifice--,! lat] elem5ts ( ,mexican religion--,cultural elem5ts ( ,mexican religion--,! ,quetzalcoatl cult--,! cult ( obsidian--,unity ( religi\s conception ?r\gh\t ,mexico pp4 #a-ce ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,cosmogony ,! 8ages0 ( ,mexican cosmogony--,! mak+ ( ! e>?--,! peopl+ ( ! e>?--,creation ( ! sun & moon--,! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos--,deluge my?s--,! 8,coxcox0 fallacy--,! fall ( ! gods--,mexican conceptions ( ! univ]se--,! five regions ( ! _w3 ,! ,tree ( ! ,ea/2 ! ,tree ( ! ,nor?2 ! ,tree ( ! ,we/2 ! ,tree ( ! ,s\?2 ,tlaxicco2 ,tlapcopa2 ,uitznauac or ,uitzlampa2 ,ciuatlampa2 ,mictlampa--,! support]s ( ! heav5s--,! ,aztec heav5s3 ,tlalocan2 ,homeyoca--,mictlampa z ,hades pp4 #cf-fd ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,great ,,gods ,me?od ( treatm5t--,uitzilopo*tli--,tezcatlipoc-- ,quetzalcoatl pp4 #fe-ade ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,creative ,,deities ,tonacatecutli--,tonacaciuatl pp4 #adf-aeb ,,*apt] ,v ,,deities ,,( ,,! ,,e>? ,,& ,,gr[? ,,prop] ,introductory--,tlazolteotl--,*icomecoat l--,c9teotl--,ciuacoatl--,coatlicue-- ,xo*iquetzal--,macuilxo*itl or ,xo*ipilli--,xipe--,xilon5--,itzpapalotl -- ,zapotlant5an--,ilamatecutli pp4 #aec-bcc ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,ra9 ,,& ,,moi/ure ,introductory--,tlaloc--,*al*ihuitlicue- -,uixtociuatl--,atlaua--,napatecutli --,matlalcuy--,opo*tli pp4 #bcd-bfg ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,fire-,,gods ,xiuhtecutli--,*antico--,quaxolotl pp4 #bfh-bhd ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,octli ,,or ,,pulque 7,,dr9k7 ,,gods ,g5]al--,tezcatzoncatl--,tepoxtecatl--,p atecatl--,mayauel--,totoltecatl-- ,macuilto*tli--,toto*t9--,tomiauhtecutli pp4 #bhe-bii ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,/ell> ,,& ,,planet>y ,,deities ,tonatiuh ! ,sun-,god 7,piltz9tecutli7--,metztli or ,tecciztecatl ! ,moon-,god--,mixcoatl1 ,iztac ,mixcoatl or ,camaxtli--,tlauizcalpantecutli-- ,coyolxauhqui--,! ,tzitzimim pp4 #cjj-cbf ,,*apt] ,x ,,gods ,,( ,,dea?1 ,,e>?1 ,,& ,,! ,,und]world ,mictlantecutli--,mictecaciuatl--,tepeyo llotl pp4 #cbg-cce ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,v>iants ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,gods ,itztli--,itztlacoliuhqui--,paynal--,yac atecutli pp4 #ccf-cdc ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,m9or ,,deities ,xolotl--,ixtlilton--,omacatl--,! ,ciuatete or ,ciuapipilt9 pp4 #cdd-ceh ,,app5dix ,,! ,,tonalamatl ,,& ,,! ,,sol> ,,cal5d> ,day-signs--,model tonalamatl--,! day-gods--,gods ( ! 8weeks0--,lords ( ! night--,lords ( ! day-h\rs--,tonalamatl fe/ivals-- ,recapitulation--,! cal5d> r\nd--,! nemontemi--,! ,v5us p]iod--,%ort bibliography ( works relat+ to ! tonalamatl pp4 #cei-cga ,a ,,critical ,,bibliography ,,( ,,mexican ,,religion pp4 #cgb-cha ,,gloss>y pp4 #chb-chc ,,index pp4 #chd-chh ,,illu/rations ,nephrite ,figure ( a ,dea?-god ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,pages ,colossal ,/atue ( ,coatlicue #ad1 #ae ,/atue ( ,coatlicue #af1 #ag ,! ,great ,cal5d> ,/one ( ,mexico #ch ,symbols ( ! 8,suns0 9 ,mexican ,cosmogony #dj1 #da ,! ,trees ( ! ,_w-qu>t]s #eh1 #ei ,! ,tree ( ! ,middle-qu>t] #fj ,uitzilopo*tli #ff ,coyolxauhqui #fg ,! ,r$ & ,black ,tezcatlipocs #ib ,tezcatlipoc 9 ,v>i\s ,=ms #ic1 #ih ,alt> ( ,skulls to ,tezcatlipoc #ii ,quetzalcoatl & ,tlauizcalpantecutli #aah ,quetzalcoatl & ! ,dea?-god #aai ,=ms ( ,quetzalcoatl #abj1 #aba ,tonacatecutli-,tonacaciuatl #aba ,=ms ( ,tlazolteotl #aef1 #aeg ,=ms ( ,*icomecoatl #agj ,c9teotl #aga ,ciuacoatl #ahj ,=ms ( ,ciuacoatl #aha ,xo*iquetzal & h] ,symbols #ahh ,=ms ( ,xo*iquetzal #ahi1 #aij ,/one ,figures ( ,macuilxo*itl #aif1 #aig ,=ms ( ,macuilxo*itl #aih ,=ms ( ,xo*ipilli #aii ,pott]y ,figure ( ,xo*ipilli #bjj ,=ms ( ,xo*ipilli #bja ,=ms ( ,xipe #bjd ,/one ,image ( ,xipe #bje ,=ms ( ,xipe #bjh ,itzpapalotl #bbb ,itzpapalotl 7,/one ( ,ari/ides ,m>tel7 #bbc ,xilon5 & ,zapotlant5an #bbc ,=ms ( ,tlaloc #bcf1 #bcg1 #bdj ,*al*ihuitlicue #beh ,*al*ihuitlicue & ,tlauizcalpantecutli #bei ,*al*ihuitlicue & ,uixtociuatl #bfj ,=ms ( ! ,tlaloqu #bfa ,xiuhtecutli & ,tlauizcalpantecutli #bfh1 #bfi1 #bgb ,xiuhtecutli & ,*antico #bgf ,ixcoanhqui & ,*antico #bgg ,tepoxtecatl #bib ,patecatl1 ) ,octli ,emblems #bic ,! ,octli-gods #bih1 #bii ,totoltecatl #bii ,=ms ( ,tonatiuh #cjj ,mexican ,idea ( ,sacrifice to ! ,sun-god #cja ,planet>y ,deities #cjd ,=ms ( ,mixcoatl #caj1 #caa ,=ms ( ,tlauizcalpantecutli #cbj ,tlauizcalpantecutli & ,victim #cba ,=ms ( ! ,und]world ,deities #cbh ,/atue ( an ,octli-god #cbi ,v>iants ( ! ,great ,gods #ccf ,xolotl & ,tlaloc #cdd ,m9or ,deities #cde ,! ,lords ( ! ,night-h\rs #cfd ,,note ,,on ,,! ,,pronunciation ,,( ,,mexican ,! pronunciation ( ,mexican names pres5ts at fir/ "s little difficulty4 ,! lett] ,x is inv>iably pron\nc$ z %1 s t ,mixcoatl & ,mexitli are1 viva voce1 ,mi%coatly & ,me%itlee1 ! f9al tl be+ pron\nc$ z tl foll[$ by a %ort y1 al?\gh ! natives 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry articulate x ) a def9ite click+ s\nd1 unapproa*able by a ,european4 ,! names ( ! m important gods are pron\nc$ z foll[s3 ,uitzilopo*tli ,wit-zil-o-pot*tly ,tezcatlipoc ,tez-catly-poc ,quetzalcoatl ,quetzal-co-at-ly ,xipe ,%ee-pay ,*al*ihuitlicue ,*al-*-wt-l-kway4 ,mo/ ( ! o!rs are comp>atively simple ( pronunciation4 ,! * s\nd is pron\nc$ z 9 ,spani%1 i4e4 h>d1 z 9 8?at*40 ,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,mexico ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,,! ,,type ,,& ,,evolution ,,( ,,mexican ,,religion ,if1 l ! necromanc]s ( old1 we possess$ ! p[] to summon ! %ades ( ! dead be=e u1 & employ$ ?is dread au?ority to recall f ! place ( %ad[s ! _s ( a memb] ( ! prie/hood ( anci5t ,mexico1 9 ord] t we might obta9 f him an acc\nt ( ! fai? :i* he _h pr(ess$ :ile 9 ! body1 x is improbable t we w\ld d]ive mu* in=mation reg>d+ ! precise significance ( ! cult ( :i* he 0 =m]ly an adh]5t )\t t$i\s & skilful que/ion+4 ,he w\ld c]ta9ly be able to enlight5 u readily en\gh on matt]s ( ritual & my?ology1 cal5dric sci5ce & ! l2 b if we 7 to press him = in=mation reg>d+ ! motives und]ly+ ! out] manife/ations ( 8 belief1 he w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly disappo9t u1 unless our que/ion>y 0 fram$ 9 ! mo/ c>eful mann]4 ,9 all likelihood he w\ld be unable to compreh5d ! t]m 8religion10 ( :i* we %\ld necess>ily h to make use1 & :i* x w\ld seem s natural = u to employ2 & he w\ld sc>cely be capable ( dissociat+ ! circum/ances ( 8 fai? f ^? ( ,mexican life 9 g5]al1 especially z reg>ds its political1 milit>y1 agricultural1 & arti/ic connections4 ,nor w\ld he reg>d magic or primitive sci5ce z 9 any way ali5 to ! activities ( 8 (fice4 ,b if we became m importunate1 & begg$ him to make "s def9ite /atem5t reg>d+ ! true mean+ & import ( 8 religion ere he return$ to 8 place1 he might1 p]haps1 reply3 8,if we _h n wor%ipp$ ! gods & sacrific$ to !m1 n\ri%$ !m ) blood & pleasur$ !m ) gifts1 !y w\ld h ceas$ to wat* ov] our welf>e1 & w\ld h )held ! maize & wat] :i* kept u 9 life4 ,! ra9 w\ld n h fall5 & ! crops w\ld n h come to fruition40 #b ,if he employ$ "s su* t]ms z ^!1 our phantom w\ld outl9e ! :ole purport ( ! sy/em :i* we call ,mexican religion1 ! rude plat=m on :i* 0 rais$ ! t[]+ sup]/ructure ( rite & c]emony1 morality & tradition1 a "p ( :i* we are ab\t to exam9e4 ,! writ] :o und]takes ! description ( any ( ! great fai?s ( ! _w usually presupposes 9 8 read]s a c]ta9 acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory & conditions ( ! p ( ^: religion he treats4 ,b ! obscurity :i* surr\nd$ all que/ions relat+ to ,mexican antiquity until ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury =m]ly made x ess5tial t any view ( its religi\s phase %\ld be prefac$ by an acc\nt ( ! peoples :o pr(ess$ x1 _! racial aff9ities1 & ! c\ntry !y occupi$4 ,?is necessity no long] exi/s4 ,! gr\nd has be5 trav]s$ s (t5 ( late1 & ,i h cov]$ x s frequ5tly 9 previ\s works1 #c t ,i feel only a brief acc\nt ( ^! conditions is necess>y "h1 su*1 9 a ^w1 z w enable ! read] to realize circum/ances ( race1 locality1 & p]iod4 ,! p ^: religi\s ideas ?is book attempts to describe 7 ! ,nahua ( pre-,colombian ,mexico1 a race by no means ext9ct1 despite ! (t-repeat$ ass]tions ( popul> noveli/s1 & :i* is n[ usually class$ z a bran* ( ! great ,uto-,aztecan family ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian /ock4 ,!y spoke1 & _! desc5dants /ill speak1 a language kn[n z ! ,nahuatl1 or ,nahuatlatolli 78spee* ( ^? :o live by rule0 or 8by ritual obs]vance074 ,at ! era ( ! ,spani% invasion ( _! c\ntry 9 #aeai !y _h succe$$ 9 ov]runn+ & r$uc+ to _! dom9ion practically all t "p ( mod]n ,mexico :i* lies betwe5 ! ,tropic ( ,canc] & ! ,i/hmus ( ,tehuantepec4 ,!y 71 9 all probability1 immigrants f ! nor?1 & _! art-=ms1 no less ?an _! physique & beliefs1 h l$ c]ta9 writ]s to =m ! op9ion t !y came orig9ally f ! neighb\rhood ( ,briti% ,columbia1 or t !y _h a common orig9 ) ! ,indian tribes :i* inhabit t region at ! pres5t "t4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! fir/ ,nahua immigrants w\ld appe> to h ent]$ ! ,valley ( ,mexico at "s "t dur+ ! eigh? c5tury ( our era4 ,b ! ,aztec1 "p ( a lat] sw>m ( ,nahua1 d n seem to h desc5d$ ^u x until ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 or to h f\nd$ ! settlem5t ( ,mexico-,t5o*titlan until ab\t ! ye> #acgf4 ,at ! p]iod ( _! arrival 9 ! valley !y 7 a b>b>\s tribe ( nomadic hunt]s1 w&]+ f place to place 9 se>* ( fre% hunt+-gr\nds1 precisely z did _m ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian tribes be=e res]vations 7 provid$ = !m4 ,gradually1 by virtue ( _! sup]ior pr[ess 9 w>1 !y a*iev$ ! hegemony ( ! ,plateau ( ,anahuac1 :i* boa/$ a tradition & civilization at lea/ five hundr$ ye>s old4 ,^! !y proce$$ to assimilate ) m>vell\s rapidity1 z is n infrequ5tly ! case :5 a race ( hunt]s m+les ) a settl$ agricultural population4 ,inde$1 9 ! c\rse ( ! c5tury & a qu>t] :i* int]v5$ betwe5 ! f\nd+ ( ,mexico & ! p]iod ( ! ,spani% ,conque/1 !y _h arriv$ at su* a /&>d ( civilization z surpris$ _! ,ca/ilian conqu]ors4 ,:5 ! ,aztec1 ab&on+ _! w&]+ life1 f9ally settl$ 9 ! ,valley ( ,anahuac1 ^u ! site ( ,t5o*titlan1 n[ ! city ( ,mexico1 !y emb>k$ ^u a s]ies ( conflicts ) _! neighb\rs1 :i* end$ 9 ! complete subjection ( ^! peoples4 ,! races ov] :om !y ex]cis$ a k9d ( feudal sway 7 _m & div]se1 & only ! m important ( ^! c be m5tion$ "h4 ,to ! nor? dwelt ! hunt+ ,*i*imecs1 a relat$ p1 & ! ,otomi1 a semi-b>b>\s folk1 probably ( aborig9al orig91 & speak+ a di/9ct language4 ,to ! we/ dwelt ! ,t>ascans1 ^: racial aff9ities are unkn[n1 or1 at lea/1 dubi\s4 ,s\? ( ! ,rio de las ,balsas 7 situat$ ! ,mixtecs & ,zapotecs1 ^: language some:at resembl$ t ( ! ,otomi & :o possess$ a l>g] measure ( civilization4 ,on ! ,ea/ ,coa/ 7 f\nd ! ,huaxtecs & ,totonacs1 races ( ,maya orig91 & s\?-ea/ ( ^! lay ! ,olmecs1 ,xicalancas1 & ,non\alcas1 ( old] prec$5ce 9 ! l&4 ,beyond ! ,i/hmus ( ,tehuantepec 7 f\nd ! ,maya1 a p ( relatively high civilization1 ^: orig9 is obscure1 & into ! "q ( ^: relation%ip ,i d n propose to ent] 9 ?is place4 ,,! ,,antiquity ,,( ,,mexican ,,religion ,until ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury mo/ ,am]icani/s held t ,mexican civilization & consequ5tly ,mexican religion 7 ! outcome ( b a few g5]ations ( native progress4 ,x is true t ! ,nahua p _h beh9d !m a relatively brief hi/ory ( national & tribal life1 b mod]n rese>* has %[n t !y 7 und\bt$ly ! heirs ( a civilization hav+ e>ly f\ndations & ( consid]able a*ievem5t & complexity1 ! religi\s aspect ( :i* _h arriv$ at a high /ate ( developm5t4 #d ,evid5ces ( ! ar*aic "* ( ?is fai? are rapidly accumulat+1 b _m ye>s mu/ yet be d$icat$ to ! exam9ation & comp>ison ( ! data conc]n+ x be=e x is possible to speak ) any degree ( c]ta9ty reg>d+ ! causes :i* contribut$ to its =mation & evolution4 ,al?\gh we mu/ necess>ily reg>d ,mexican religion z hav+ _h a progressive hi/ory spread ov] _m g5]ations1 we are at pres5t almo/ ignorant ( ! gradual *anges :i* accompani$ its gr[?4 ,an ef=t w be made to outl9e ! probable nature ( ^! mutations1 b ! endeav\r w n receive any great measure ( assi/ance f ! abundant b *aotic & unclassifi$ mat]ial amass$ by ,am]icani/s dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 :i* 9 its pres5t condition is n ( mu* value z reg>ds ?is p>ticul> bran* ( ! subject1 b :i* x is ! writ]'s int5tion to employ1 s f> z x is capable ( illu/rat+ ! "q be=e u4 ,,! ,,lit]ature ,,( ,,mexican ,,religion ,x is necess>y at ?is /age to deal briefly ) ! s\rces ( ,mexican religi\s hi/ory4 ,a lit]ature1 bewild]+ 9 its scope & v>iety1 has gr[n up ar\nd ! subject ( ,mexican antiquity z a :ole1 & x is p]haps well = ! /ud5t if he approa*es x ) only a p>tial realization ( ! spaci\s "* ( ! mat]ial he mu/ review4 ,i h ?\ght x be/ 9 su* a "w z ?is to relegate mo/ ( ! bibliographical matt] to an app5dix1 :]e an endeav\r has be5 made to supply ! /ud5t ) a tru/wor?y catalogue ( su* manuscripts & works z are ess5tial to ! /udy ( ,mexican religion4 ,x is hop$ t ?is may prove ( guidance & assi/ance & sp>e mu* initial toil4 ,b = ! pres5t ,i w conf9e my rem>ks to su* g5]al obs]vations ^u ! s\rces f :i* we p>tly glean our k ( ! anci5t ,mexican fai? z w s]ve ! imm$iate purpose4 ,^! s\rces are f\r 9 numb]3 7,i7 ,! native codices or pa9t+s2 7,,ii7 ! native annals2 7,,iii7 native art-=ms 9 ar*itecture1 sculpture1 pott]y1 & mural pa9t+1 depict+ gods & o!r div9e be+s2 & 7,,iv7 ! writ+s ( ! ,spani% conqu]ors ( ,mexico4 7,i7 ,! ,native ,codices4--,^! are pa9t+s execut$ by native ,mexican arti/s ^u agave pap]1 lea!r1 or cotton4 ,?r\gh ! misguid$ zeal ( ! e>ly ,spani% religi\s au?orities1 :o reg>d$ !m z ( diabolic "*1 only "s twelve ( ^! rema9 to u1 ! great] numb] ( :i* possess a my?ological or religi\s significance4 ,9 _! pages we f9d repres5tations ( _m ( ! pr9cipal deities ( ! ,mexican pan!on1 z well z illu/rations ( sev]al passages 9 ,mexican my?1 & !y frequ5tly depict ! tonalamatl or prie/ly ,book ( ,fate1 ) its highly complex symbolism4 #e ,close famili>ity ) ^! manuscripts is indisp5sable1 z !y con/itute "o ( ! few orig9al s\rces ( our k ( ! aspect1 co/ume1 & insignia ( ! ,mexican deities4 ,all ( !m h be5 h&somely1 if exp5sively1 reproduc$1 & ^! are detail$ 9 ! bibliography4 ,"h x is only necess>y to rem>k ^u ! sev]al !ories :i* h reg>d to _! place ( orig94 ,dr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,sp9d51 9 8 valuable ,/udy ( ,maya ,art1 objects t 8mo/ ( ! detail$ acc\nts ( religi\s beliefs & c]emonies t h come d[n to u ref] prim>ily to ! ,valley ( ,mexico1 :ile ne>ly all ! really elaborate codices ( a religi\s nature come f ei!r ! ,zapotecan-,mixtecan area or f ! ,maya40 #f ,we are n "h conc]n$ ) ! ,maya manuscripts1 & ) reg>d to ! ,zapotec & ,mixtec examples we h ! assurance ( ,sel]1 #g :i* is f\nd$ ^u critical evid5ce ( value1 t an entire gr\p ( ^! manuscripts--& t by f> ! mo/ important1 ! ,codex ,borgia gr\p--8belongs to a ,mexican-speak+ p0 :o inhabit$ ! di/ricts ( ,te\acan1 ,cozcatlan1 & ,teotitlan del ,cam9o1 & :o1 ?\gh sep>at$ f ! ,nahua ( ! ,valley ( ,anahuac at an e>ly p]iod1 yet 9 great measure reta9$ ! anci5t beliefs common to bo?4 ,ne>ly all ( ! deities repres5t$ 9 ?is gr\p ( manuscripts s closely resemble 9 _! aspect1 co/ume1 & g5]al symbolism ! draw+s & descriptions ( gods kn[n to h be5 wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,mexican area prop]1 z to make x positively c]ta9 t !y repres5t ! same div9e be+s ) m]ely trifl+ diff]5ces ( detail due to local environm5t4 ,! sep>ation ( ! ,nahua ( ! ,plateau ( ,mexico & ^? ( ! m s\!rly region 0 ( su* duration z to ju/ify ! belief t _! religi\s ideas _h div]g$ consid]ably4 ,b ! subsequ5t conque/ ( ! s\!rn area by ! ,nor!rn ,nahua mu/ h resuscitat$ old common beliefs among _! k9dr$ 9 ! s\?1 & weak5$ ! ideas !y _h adopt$ or develop$ 9 t environm5t4 ,?is is prov$ by ! consid]able v>iation 9 type betwe5 ! olde/ s\!rn pott]y repres5t+ :at are presumably div9e =ms & ! pictures ( ! gods 9 ! lat] manuscripts ( ! ,codex ,borgia gr\p4 7,,ii7 ,! ,native ,writ+s4--,^! 8annals10 z !y are sometimes call$1 ! "w ( natives :o wrote 9 ,spani%1 con/itute a m9e ( aborig9al in=mation ( ne>ly equal value ) t conta9$ 9 ! codices1 b consid]able discrim9ation is necess>y 9 us+ !m 9 view ( ! t5d5cy ( _! au?ors to corrupt traditional mat]ial :5 inspir$ by patriotic or o!r motives4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 manife/ly does n apply ) equal =ce to acc\nts ( a my?ical or ritual nature & to hi/orical ev5ts1 :i* (f] a mu* great] temptation ?an ! =m] to scribes manife/ly ignorant ( ! virtues ( lit]>y integrity4 ,! ,mexican annals are ( two classes3 ^? :i* repres5t ! hi/orical or traditional relics ( native communities1 su* z ! ,annals ( ,quauhtitlan1 also kn[n z ! ,codex ,*imalpopoc2 & ^? :i* are ! "w ( educat$ ,mexicans or half-bre$s1 prone to magnify ! spl5d\r ( ! anci5t races4 ,rank+ almo/ z a ?ird or sep>ate class are ! sacr$ songs or hymns includ$ 9 ! ,mexican ,,ms4 ( ,sahagun's ,hi/oria ,g5]al1 :i* t mo/ unwe>i$ ( work]s receiv$ at fir/ h& f approv$ native scribes4 ,! sev]al native writ+s w be f\nd describ$ 9 ! app5dix1 & ! hymns1 or r a translation ( !m into ,engli% prose1 w be met ) 9 ! descriptions ( ! sev]al deities to :i* !y apply4 7,,iii7 ,native ,art-=ms4--,mexican ar*itectural motifs1 mural pa9t+s1 & especially sculpture & pott]y1 frequ5tly af=d reliable mat]ial ^u :i* to =m conclusions reg>d+ ! aspect & co/ume ( ! gods1 & reproductions ( ! mo/ important ( ^! illu/rate ! descriptions ( ! sev]al ,mexican deities4 7,,iv7 ,writ+s ( ! ,spani% ,conqu]ors ( ,mexico4--,if ! repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,mexico mu/ be condemn$ = _! n>r[ & illib]al action 9 de/roy+ all native manuscripts & pa9t+s be>+ ^u ! anci5t religion ( ! c\ntry1 c]ta9 m enlight5$ individuals among !m lab\r$ /r5u\sly to remove ?is reproa* by _! zeal\s1 if frequ5tly unskilful1 attempts to recon/ruct a k ( ! popul> fai? by unremitt+ rese>*es into native tradition4 ,?is attitude met ) b little c\nt5ance f _! ecclesia/ical sup]iors1 & at times !y lab\r$ "u conditions ! rev]se ( fav\rable = ! collection ( traditional mat]ial4 ,b x w\ld be ungrateful n to pay a me$ ( respect to ! self-sacrifice ( ^? enlight5$ & res\rceful m51 b = ^: endeav\rs our k ( ,mexican antiquities w\ld be all ! poor]4 ,und\bt$ly ! mo/ valuable collection ( evid5ce relative to ! ,mexican religion compil$ by a ,spani% *ur*man is ! ,hi/oria ,g5]al ( ,b]n>d9o ,sahagun1 ^: "w1 compos$ ) s*ol>ly c>e & an almo/ prophetic k ( ! correct me?ods to be pursu$ 9 ! collection ( traditional mat]ial1 0 complet$ ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 b rema9$ unpubli%$ until #ahcj4 ,?is "w has be5 describ$ s repeat$ly z to require no fur!r m5tion "h1 & o!r notable works are includ$ 9 ! bibliography4 ,"s allusion %\ld also be made "h to ! works kn[n z ! ,int]pretative ,codices1 compil$ by ,p$ro de ,rios & o!r monks1 :o reta9$ ! s]vices ( native pa9t]s to execute draw+s ( ,mexican deities or1 z "s believe1 drew ^! figures !mselves1 ! symbolism & g5]al mean+ ( :i* !y endeav\r$ to make pla9 & int]pret1 only too (t5 9 ! light ( _! k ( ! ,scriptures4 ,,! ,,orig9s ,,( ,,mexican ,,religion ,! "q ( ! orig9 ( ,mexican religion1 l t ( ! civilization ( :i* x 0 p]haps ! mo/ sali5t *>act]i/ic1 has af=d$ matt] = ard5t controv]sy f ! p]iod ( ! discov]y & conque/ ( ! c\ntry until ! pres5t day4 ,b1 ev5 s1 x is /ill unsafe to dogmatize ^u ,mexican religi\s orig9s4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,conque/ we obs]ve ,mexican religion z a highly complex fai?1 ) a c]emonial ( ! mo/ elaborate nature1 a prie/hood ) nicely def9$ gradations 9 (fice1 & a pan!on :i* _h obvi\sly be5 =m$ by ! collocation ( ! deities ( prov9cial & dep5d5t tribes & peoples ar\nd a nucleus compos$ ( ! national & dep>tm5tal gods ( ! ,aztec4 ,! great temple-area ( ,mexico-,t5o*titlan h>b\r$ a bewild]+ array ( gods1 _m ( :i* possess$ sep>ate %r9es & m9i/rants4 ,an int5sive exam9ation ( ! ali5 elem5ts repres5t$1 h[ev]1 t5ds to prove ! id5tity ( _m ( !m ) ! gods ( ! ,aztec1 a simil>ity :i*1 9 num]\s in/ances1 0 manife/ to t p !mselves & :i* 0 ! result ( tribal aff9ity or basic resemblance 9 religi\s conception4 ,nev]!less a residuum ( unrelat$ deities rema9$1 :i* might1 p]haps1 be acc\nt$ = by posit+ ! exi/5ce ( two m>k$ly diff]5t cultures or t5d5cies 9 ,mexico1 b>b>\s & civiliz$4 ,?is may imply t ! oppos+ influ5ces :i* gave rise to ^! v>iations 7 ali5 to ea* o!r racially1 or x may indicate t1 :]eas "o _h rema9$ 9 an environm5t ( b>b>ism1 ! o!r _h develop$ & enl>g$ its !ological & ev5 its my?ical conceptions 9 ! light ( ! necessities ( an advanc+ mat]ial civilization4 ,:5ce ! se$s ( t civilization came is1 z has be5 said1 matt] ( controv]sy4 ,! exi/5ce ( a sy/em ( mona*ism 9 ,mexico w\ld seem to indicate a non-,am]ican orig94 ,elem5ts common to bo? aspects ( ?is int]e/+ fai? 7 suffici5tly num]\s 9 ,mexican religion4 ,?us ! s-call$ ,*i*imecs1 or rude hunt]s ( ! /eppes to ! nor? ( ! ,valley ( ,mexico1 reta9$ 9 _! pri/9e =m ! simple beliefs & ! ungrad$ pan!on1 :i* 9 ! case ( ! m advanc$ tribes ( cognate orig9 rapidly took %ape z a great ,/ate religion "u ! influ5ces ( a m complex social sy/em1 ! /imulus ( ali5 religi\s conceptions1 & above all1 ( a prie/hood skill$ 9 ! r$uction ( !ological & my?ical mat]ial to dogma4 ,?is cult1 al?\gh compos$ ( elem5ts p]haps at fir/ conflict+ 9 aim & "*1 _h yet arriv$ at a comp>ative degree ( homog5eity & _h evolv$ an intricate & exact+ ritual & a symbolism ( great ri*ness & arti/ic complexity1 ! ext5sive & bewild]+ nature ( :i* c be v]ifi$ by a cursory inspection ( ! native codices4 ,,evid5ces ,,( ,,e>ly ,,religion ,,9 ,,mexico ,! my?s :i* relate to ! e>lie/ religi\s influ5ces 9 ,mexico are = ! mo/ "p connect$ ) ! pre-,aztec 8,toltec0 civilization & ! m anci5t & sacr$ sites ( ,tollan & ,teotihuacan4 ,!y *iefly ref] to a god or culture-h]o call$ ,quetzalcoatl1 ^: my?s & attributes w be describ$ else:]e 9 ?is "w1 & :o 0 reg>d$ z ! prototype ( ! ,mexican prie/hood & "o ( ! inv5tors ( ! tonalamatl or ,book ( ,fate4 ,! type ( religion f\nd$ by him diff]s greatly f t practis$ by ! ,mexicans at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/1 z x es*ew$1 or 01 p]haps1 orig9ally innoc5t (1 human sacrifice or c]emonial cannibalism1 & practis$ purification & p5ance by ! draw+ ( blood4 ,9 c]ta9 my?s its f\nd] is describ$ z a native ( ! c\ntry1 9 o!rs z ! (fspr+ ( div9e be+s1 :ile /ill o!rs reg>d him z a =eign] :o introduc$ 8 cult f ! ea/4 ,x is notewor?y t ?is cult is closely connect$ ) mona*ism #h & t 9 lat] times x 01 p]haps1 reg>d$ z m intimately b\nd up ) pieti/ic & 8civiliz$0 ritual practice ?an t ( any o!r ,mexican deity4 ,ultimately1 ! my?s relate1 ,quetzalcoatl left ! c\ntry because ( ! ma*9ations ( 8en*ant]s40 #i ,?is may mean t ! old] & less b>b>\s cult 0 =c$ into a second>y place by ! rud] & m popul> beliefs ( a tribe ( l[] culture1 b !re are evid5ces t ! religion ( ,quetzalcoatl assur$ly assi/$ 9 ! build+-up ( ! ra9-cult ( ,mexico4 ,9 any case little in=mation is to be glean$ f ! my? ( ,quetzalcoatl = our pres5t purpose ( illu/rat+ ! primitive type ( ,mexican religion1 & x mu/ probably be reg>d$ z po9t+ to ! exi/5ce ( an e>ly mona*ism & a develop$ ritual 9 anci5t ,mexico4 #aj ,! my?s relat+ to ! great tribal gods1 if fai?fully exam9$1 assi/ u 9 =m+ a def9ite idea ( ! "* ( e>ly religi\s conceptions 9 ,anahuac4 ,! hymns to ! gods are1 p]haps1 a sur] indication ( ! tr5d ( popul> fai? & probably date f a m ar*aic p]iod ?an d ! my?s1 :i*1 z we possess !m1 ne>ly all exhibit signs ( prie/ly alt]ation4 ,9 sev]al ( ^! *ants we assur$ly arrive at ! :ole significance ( ,mexican religion1 :i* 9 its ess5ce1 & z se5 at ! ,conque/ p]iod1 0 no?+ m ?an a va/ly elaborat$ ra9-cult1 simil> 9 its g5]al t5d5cy to t /ill preval5t among ! ,pueblo tribes ( ,new ,mexico & ,arizona1 yet broad] 9 outlook1 ( a high] complexity & productive ( a !ology & an e?ical sy/em ( great] sophi/ication & scope4 ,! religion ( ! ,pueblo peoples is1 inde$1 ! poor & deg5]ate desc5dant ( ! biz>re & picturesque ritual ( ! ,mexicans1 or1 m probably1 _h a common orig9 ) x4 ,?r\gh ! rese>*es & p]sonal ex]tions ( _m well-equipp$ ,am]icani/s ! entire ritual ( ?is mod]n pluvial cult is n[ well kn[n & des]ves ! close/ /udy f /ud5ts ( ,mexican religion1 z provid+ !m ) comp>ative & analogical mat]ial ( ! fir/ importance4 #aa ,we %all keep on ! trail ( a v def9ite clue if we attempt to descry 9 su* evid5ces z we possess ( ar*aic ,mexican fai? ! signs ( an incipi5t ra9-cult1 hav+ its orig9 9 a settl$ agricultural exi/5ce4 ,if we glance at ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! num]\s memb]s ( ! ,mexican pan!on1 we f9d t v readily & q naturally !y gr\p !mselves into ?ree great classes3 7a7 creative deities1 :i* may be reg>d$ z ! outcome ( late !ological speculation1 & :i* may1 accord+ly1 be pass$ ov] 9 ?is place2 7b7 gods ( gr[?2 & 7c7 gods develop$ f specific objects & deifi$ heav5ly bodies1 "s ( :i* latt] 7 develop$ f gods ( ! *ase4 ,! 8orig9al0 deities ( ,mexico w\ld seem1 !re=e1 to h presid$ ov] vegetable gr[? & conf]r$ on _! vot>ies good luck 9 ! hunt4 ,b z "t pass$1 ^! latt] also took on ! attributes ( gods ( ! c]eal & vegetable food-supply1 &1 inde$1 (t5 s]i\sly conte/$ ! /atus ( ! true gr[?-gods 9 ! elaborate nature ( ! symbolic vegetal c]emonial ) :i* _! fe/ivals 7 celebrat$4 ,x is n surpris+ t ! ,valley ( ,mexico became ! c5tre ( a cult ( :i* ! appeal = ra9 0 ! sali5t *>act]i/ic4 ,a copi\s supply ( ra9fall = ! purposes ( irrigation is1 inde$1 a necessity to ! ,mexican agriculturi/1 & a dry ye> 9 anci5t ,anahuac br\ght ) x fam9e & mis]y unspeakable4 ,inexpressibly t\*+ are ! f]v5t pray]s to ,tlaloc1 god ( wat]1 t he %\ld n visit 8 displeasure ^u ! p by )draw+ ! pluvial supply4 8,o our mo/ compassionate "l 444 ,i besee* !e to look ) eyes ( pity ^u ! p ( ?is city & k+dom1 = ! :ole _w1 d[n to ! v bea/s1 is 9 p]il ( de/ruction & disappe>ance & irrem$iable end 444 = ! ridges ( ! e>? suff] sore ne$ & angui% f lack ( wat] 444 ) deep sigh+ & angui% ( he>t ,i cry ^u all ^? t are gods ( wat]1 t are 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! _w 444 to come & console ?is poor p & to wat] ! e>?1 = ! eyes ( all t inhabit ! e>?1 animals z well z m51 are turn$ t[>ds y1 & _! hope is set ^u y40 #ab ,,deification ,,( ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,gr[? ,! elem5ts ( gr[?1 9 ! m9d ( primitive man1 are f\r 9 numb]1 ! e>?1 gra91 ra91 & sol> heat1 & x is n rem>kable t all ( ^! came to be reg>d$ z deifi$ p[]s1 & 7 latt]ly p]sonaliz$ 9 an?ropomorphic =m4 ,x does n appe> t ! sun 0 at fir/ look$ ^u z an ag5cy ( gr[?4 ,!re is1 inde$1 pro( t 9 e>ly times he 0 n reg>d$ z ( any importance f a cal5dric po9t ( view1 & t ! "t & fe/ival-c\nts 7 design$ ^u a lun> basis4 #ac ,x is n unlikely t1 9 a region :]e 8 torrid heat1 if unaccompani$ by ra9fall1 result$ 9 fam9e1 he 0 at fir/ reg>d$1 if n unfav\rably1 at lea/ ) no special pr$ilection4 ,if ?is conclusion is correct1 & we c af=d to disc\nt sol> influ5ce 9 ! primitive ,mexican cultus--or r t adopt$ by ! aborig9al peoples on embrac+ a settl$ agricultural exi/5ce--!re rema9 to u ! ?ree elem5ts ( e>?1 gra91 & ra9 f :i* to recon/ruct ! prototypes ( ! ,mexican pan!on4 ,9 ,mexican my? ! e>? is repres5t$ z a mon/] kn[n z cipactli1 ! pictures ( :i* h giv5 rise to ! assumption t x is ei!r a crocodile1 a swordfi%1 or a dragon4 ,we %all probably n err if we place x 9 ! la/ category & see 9 x t great e>?-mon/] common to ! my?ologies ( _m races1 & :i* is mo/ conv5i5tly call$ ! 8e>?-dragon40 #ad ,?is sign cipactli became ! fir/ 9 ! tonalamatl or ,book ( ,fate1 :]e x is connect$ ) ! creative deities & ! ,e>?-"m1 :o 0 kn[n by _m names4 ,circum/ances exi/ :i* seem to l5d col\r to ! assumption t1 z 9 o!r c\ntries1 ! ,mexican ,e>?-"m _h at "o "t be5 reg>d$ z =m+ ! e>?1 ! soil4 ,at ! t]rible & picturesque fe/ival ( ! ,xalaquia 78,%e :o is clo!d ) ! s&071 ! sacrific$ virg9 0 suppos$ to enri* & recruit ) h] blood ! frame ( ! worn-out goddess1 :o _h be51 says ,sel]1 8m]g$ 9 ! popul> imag9ation ) ! all-n\ri%]1 ! all-begett]1 ! e>?40 #ae ,p]haps ! be/ evid5ce t ! idea ( ! ,e>?-"m 0 associat$ ) ! conception ( ! e>?-dragon is af=d$ by ! colossal /one figure ( ,coatlicue1 "o ( h] manife/ations1 :i* once t[]$ above ! entrance to ! temple ( ,uitzilopo*tli 9 ,mexico & is n[ h\s$ 9 ! ,museo ,naional 9 t city4 ,9 ?is figure1 z 9 a simil> if less massive /atue f ,tehuacan1 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! cipactli e>?-animal obtrude !mselves 9 a weal? ( scale1 claw1 & tusk1 :i* al?\gh frequ5tly describ$ z s]p5t9e1 is only p>tially s1 & %[s traces t m ?an "o idea 0 9 ! m9d ( ! arti/ :o *isell$ its symbolic intricacies4 ,9 ! latt] ( ^! sculptures ! appe>ance ( f]ocity is mo/ m>k$ & is accompani$ by ! same dragon-l claws on h&s & feet4 ,9 ! my?ologies ( _m l&s ! ,e>?-"m is repres5t$ z f]oci\s1 insatiable1 z slay+ ^? :o take "p 9 h] am\rs1 z a riot\s & outrage\s demon1 unnatural & de/ructive 9 h] lu/s & appetites1 & x w\ld seem t h] ,mexican phase ?r[s light ^u ! reasons = ?is savage wantonness4 ,9 ! sculpture fir/ allud$ to1 & 9 ! c>v+ on its base1 we c p]ceive a close resemblance to ! e>?-mon/] ( ! ,maya peoples1 especially z repres5t$ 9 ! c>v+s at ,copan & 9 ! ,temple ( ! ,cross at ,pal5que4 ,^! af=d almo/ irrefragable pro( ( ! correctness ( ! supposition reg>d+ ! fusion ( ! concepts ( ! e>?-bea/ & ! e>?-"m :i* has be5 outl9$4 #af ,! deification ( ! gra9 is s univ]sal a ph5om5on z to require b little explanation1 especially 9 reg>d to a c\ntry :]e x =m$ ! /aple alim5t>y supply4 ,x appe>s to h receiv$ div9e hon\rs 9 _m di/ricts 9 ,mexico & to h be5 wor%ipp$ "u a v>iety ( names1 b !re 0 little diff]5ce betwe5 ! *>act]s ( ^! sev]al cults1 & ! abs5ce ( ?is is well exemplifi$ by ! read9ess ) :i* !y amalgamat$ & ! fusion ( _! c5tral figures4 ,! deification ( ! ra91 z ap>t f ! idea ( a m]e ra9-god1 is p]haps a circum/ance ( m novelty to ! /ud5t ( ,comp>ative ,religion4 ,tlaloc1 ! god ( ra9 or moi/ure1 is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ examples ( ?is process 9 any my?ology4 ,a god ( great antiquity1 8 pluvial "* is obvi\s & und\bt$4 ,b he is also ! life-giv]1 ! n\ri%]1 :o f 8 home 9 ! gre5 upl&s ( ,tlalocan s5ds ! vivify+ ra9s to fill ! deep fissures 9 ! h>d1 crack$ soil ( ! ,valley ( ,anahuac4 ,9 ! c\rty>d ( 8 dwell+ /ood f\r j>s ( wat]1 typify+ ! f\r diff]5t 8k9ds0 ( ra9fall :i* correspond$ to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! heav5s1 & ^! 7 di/ribut$ by 8 prog5y1 ! ,tlaloqu4 ,!re is ! be/ evid5ce t ! aspect ( ,tlaloc 0 evolv$ f ! idea ( ! ra9 itself4 ,8 face is =m$ f ! int]lac+s ( two s]p5ts1 8 face-pa9t is black & blue1 or dirty yell[ l ! ?reat5+ cl\d :i* holds ! ?und]-%[]4 ,! g>m5ts he we>s are spla%$ ) ulli rubb]-gum1 evid5tly int5d$ to symbolize ra9-spots4 ,inde$1 8 robe is call$ ! ana*xe*illi or 8dripp+ g>m5t10 & is frequ5tly depict$ z set ) gre5 gems to repres5t ! sp>kl+ ra9drops4 ,few ra9-gods1 ev5 ! ,v$ic ,indra himself1 :om ,tlaloc some:at resembles1 are s frankly symbolic ( ! moi/ure :i* falls f above4 #ag ,b 8 s]p5t9e or dragon-l =m r5d]s x probable t1 al?\gh he 0 reg>d$ 9 lat] times z a p]sonification ( ! ra91 9 e>li] times he 0 look$ ^u z ! 8,wat] ,provid]10 ! great s]p5t or dragon :i* dwelt among ! hills & :i* mu/ be defeat$ by a h]o or demi-god ere x w disgorge ! floods :i* ensure ! gr[? ( vegetation4 ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,primitive ,,influ5ces ,we may n[ exam9e ! elem5ts j describ$ = traces ( ! e>ly con/itu5ts ( religion4 ,! conception t ! e>? itself 0 a mon/] gift$ ) life is evid5tly ! outcome ( a belief 9 8animism0 or 8p]sonalization10 & m]its little fur!r notice because ( its obvi\s "*4 ,al?\gh ! gra9 0 also p]sonaliz$1 !re are evid5ces ( its 8feti%tic0 nature 9 e>ly times4 ,! great /one figure ( ,coatlicue already allud$ to1 besides af=d+ evid5ce ( ! dragon-l "* ( ! ,e>?-"m1 exhibits _m ( ! attributes ( ! primitive feti% manufactur$ f bundles ( maize1 l>ge beans repres5t+ ! eyes & pumpk9 pips ! tee?1 :ile /rips ( pap] =m ! m\? & labret4 ,true1 ^! e>ly *>act]i/ics h be5 ov]laid by ! ab\nd+ symbolism ( lat] & m complex ideas--! sk9 ( ! sacrificial victim1 ! s]p5t-heads1 repres5t+ p]haps ! sp\t+ ( t victim's blood f ! sev]$ trunk & ! skirt ( s]p5ts ) :i* my? cr$it$ ! goddess--b 9 ! clumsy amorph\sness ( ?is wondr\sly c>v5 block we c readily p]ceive ! outl9e ( ! maize-%eaves f :i* its idea 0 drawn4 ,inde$ ! e>s & leaves ( ! maize-plant desc5d f und]nea? ! skirt ( s]p5ts & decorate ! knot :i* secures x beh9d4 #ah 8,,feti%0 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,gods ,m ?an "o ( ! great gods exhibit ! signs ( feti%tic orig94 ,uitzilopo*tli1 ! great tribal patron deity ( ! ,aztec ( ,mexico-,t5o*titlan1 0 describ$ 9 tradition z lead+ !m f ! my?ical nor!rn c\ntry ( ,aztlan 9 ! =m ( 8a little bird40 ,he is usually repres5t$ 9 ! pictorial ,,mss41 :]e 8 appe>ance is infrequ5t1 z we>+ a mantle made f humm+-birds' fea!rs4 ,lat] leg5d spoke ( him z ! v9dicator ( 8 "m1 a goddess ( vegetation1 & z slay+ h] detractors1 8 own half-bro!rs1 :ile 9 hi/orical times ! :ole bus9ess ( w> 0 arrang$ ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( 8 oracul> image & 0 c>ri$ out *iefly 9 view ( ! necessity = human sacrifice :i* *>act]iz$ 8 especial cult4 ,b if we exam9e ! roots ( ! beliefs :i* clu/] ar\nd him1 we %all f9d mu* to conv9ce u t he 01 aft] ! entrance ( 8 p into ! ,valley ( ,anahuac1 id5tifi$ ) ! maguey plant1 :i* =ms s famili> an object 9 ! ,mexican l&scape4 ,ext5d$ pro( ( ?is l[ly orig9 w be f\nd 9 ! section :i* deals ) ! god4 ,q z humble are ! beg9n+s ( ! god ,tezcatlipoc1 p]haps ! mo/ univ]sally dread$ among ! ,mexican deities4 ,reg>d+ 8 precise significance no?+ v def9ite has be5 arriv$ at by mod]n au?orities4 ,z w be %[n lat]1 ! e>ly significance ( ,tezcatlipoc arises out ( 8 connection ) obsidian1 :i* _h an especial sanctity = ! ,mexicans4 ,,animal ,,gods ,9 our grop+s = ! roots ( ! ,mexican fai? we mu/ n fail to notice ^? elem5ts :i* /& ap>t f agricultural religion & are eloqu5t ( ! concepts ( a /ill e>li] "t4 ,agricultural !ology is z old z agriculture1 & no old]4 ,! food-supply ( ! savage prior to t p]iod dep5ds ^u ! successful conduct ( ! *ase4 ,8 gods are !re=e (t5 precisely ( ! species ( animal by hunt+ :i* he ga9s a livelihood1 & :i* he frequ5tly reg>ds z plac$ at 8 disposal by a great eponym\s bea/-god ( ! same k9d4 #ai ,aga91 = "s reason :i* has nev] be5 satisfactorily expla9$ & = :i* no solution c be f\nd at pres5t1 9 view ( ! r dubi\s nature ( :at is kn[n z 8totemism10 primitive man adores1 or 9 "s mann] exalts1 c]ta9 animals on ! fle% ( :i* he does n live4 ,b al?\gh gods evolv$ f animal %apes are frequ5tly to be met ) 9 ! ,mexican pan!on1 ,i c recall no in/ance ( ! taboo ( ! fle% ( any animal z an article ( diet 9 ,anahuac1 or ,mexico prop]1 al?\gh ?is may be f\nd 9 ! cultus ( sev]al ( ! tribes ( ! m outly+ regions4 ,uitzilopo*tli has ! *>act]i/ics ( a humm+-bird1 &1 inde$1 all ( ! ?irte5 gods :i* gov]n$ ! h\rs ( ! day are figur$ 9 ! tonalamatl ( ! ,aub9 ,collection ) bird-disguises1 & "o ( ! ?irte5 heav5s ( ! ,mexicans is set ap>t = bird-gods1 :ile c]ta9 o!r deities appe> 9 animal =ms4 ,= example1 ,tepeyollotl is figur$ z a jagu>1 ,tlaloc & ,quetzalcoatl h s]p5t9e *>act]i/ics1 ,itzpapalotl is a butt]fly-dragon1 ,tezcatlipoc a spid]1 a jagu>1 or a turkey1 ,mixcoatl takes de] %ape1 & s on4 ,b "s ( ^! =ms are probably symbolic r ?an 8totemic40 ,! cult ( ,nagualism1 #bj a degrad$ po/-,colombian =m ( ! old religion1 0 insi/5t ^u ! connection ( its vot>ies ) an animal _s or famili> f an e>ly p]iod ( _! lives--t is1 to ea* individual a p]sonal 8totem0 0 assign$1 precisely z is ! case among _m ,nor? ,am]ican tribes at ! pres5t "t & z among ! ,lac&one ( ,yucatan4 ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,ra9-,,cult ,en\gh has be5 said 9 view ( ! re/rict$ nature ( ! evid5ce1 to prove t ,mexican religion pass$ ?r\gh mu* ! same primitive conditions z o!r fai?s4 ,fur!r evid5ce on ?is po9t w be adduc$ z ! gods are sev]ally describ$4 ,we may n[ proce$ to exam9e su* pro( z we possess ( ! onw>d & upw>d progress ( ! cult ( ra9 & gr[? 9 ,mexico4 ,we may1 p]haps1 imag9e ! in/itution ( tribal or village ra9 or gra9 feti%es1 :i* 9 c\rse ( "t w\ld atta9 godhead by reason ( popul>ity or suppos$ auspici\sness4 ,! m9i/]s ( ^! w\ld probably be> a /rong resemblance to ! m$ic9e-m5 ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian tribes4 ,w>f>e und\bt$ly play$ a great "p 9 ! =tunes ( ^! local cults4 ,?us1 did ! p ( a c]ta9 tribal god triumph 9 feud or battle1 8 wor%ip w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly be enl>g$ 9 a t]ritorial s5se4 ,b su* a triumph w\ld be a small inc5tive to fur!r conque/ :5 comp>$ ) ! absolute necessity = w> eng5d]$ by ! holy law t captives mu/ be obta9$ = purposes ( sacrifice to ! tribal deities4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,= ,,human ,,sacrifice ,! orig9s ( ! in/itution ( human sacrifice 9 ,mexico are obscure4 ,native my?ology attribut$ its inv5tion to a gr\p ( e>?-goddesses head$ by ,teteo innan or ,tlazolteotl1 :o 9 ! ,cal5d> ye> 8eight-rabbit0 came to ! city ( ,tollan or ,tula f ! ,huaxtec c\ntry &1 summon+ ! captives :om !y _h tak5 9 t l&1 said to !m3 8,we want to c\ple ! e>? ) y1 we want to hold a fea/ ) y1 = till n[ no battle-(f]+s h be5 made ) m540 #ba ,?is my? is1 p]haps1 tiological1 b x w\ld seem to h "s hi/orical basis4 ,deeply root$ 9 ! ,mexican m9d 0 ! idea t unless ! gods 7 abundantly refre%$ ) human blood !y w\ld p]i% ( hung] & old age & w\ld be unable to und]take _! hypo!tical lab\rs 9 connection ) ! gr[? ( ! crops4 ,:5ce came ?is idea8 ,und\bt$ly f t process ( b>b>ic reason+ ?r\gh :i* ,mexican man _h conv9c$ himself t ! am\nt ( ra9fall w\ld be 9 ratio to ! am\nt ( blood %$ sacrificially4 ,sel] #bb has indicat$ 8 belief 9 su* a process ( reason+ by /at+ t 8! "o 0 int5d$ to draw d[n ! o!r1 ! blood :i* 0 (f]$ 0 int5d$ to br+ d[n ! ra9 ^u ! fields40 ,?is1 !n1 is ! precise nature ( ! compact betwe5 ,mexican man & 8 gods1 ,d ut des1 8,give u ra91 & we %all give y blood40 ,once ?is is und]/ood ! basic nature ( ,mexican religion becomes cle>1 & all ! lat] additions ( !ology & prie/ly inv5tion c be view$ z m]e excresc5ces & ornam5ts ^u ! simple ar*itecture ( ! temple ( ! ra9-cult4 ,,! ,,lat] ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,mexican ,,religion ,! evolution ( a high] cultus is frequ5tly id5tifi$ ) a m intimate acqua9tance ) ! heav5ly bodies1 b x is n g5]ally appreciat$ or und]/ood by /ud5ts ( ,comp>ative ,religion t at lea/ two diff]5t k9ds ( conception und]lie ! g5]al idea4 ,a lum9>y1 sun1 moon1 or />1 may be deifi$ & a*ieve godhead by reason ( /rik+ natural *>act]i/ics1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 x may be id5tifi$ ) "s god already kn[n4 ,?us ,mexican my?1 z relat$ to ,sahagun by ! natives1 ass]t$ t ! gods met at ,teotihuacan & told h[ two ( _! numb]1 ,nanahuatl & ,tecciztecatl1 sacrific$ !mselves by leap+ into a great fire1 becom+ ! sun & moon respectively4 ,! rema9+ gods1 sacrific+ !mselves also1 8conf]r$ life ^u ! />s10 t is !y became id5tifi$ ) ! sev]al /ell> con/ellations1 becom+ kn[n z ! ,c5tzon ,mimixcoa & ,c5tzon ,uitznaua1 or 8,f\r hundr$ ,nor!rn]s0 & 8,f\r hundr$ ,s\!rn]s10 z !y occupi$ ! sky on its nor!rn or s\!rn side4 #bc ,al?\gh ?is my? & a v]sion ( x curr5t at ,texcuco & giv5 by ,m5dieta 9 8 ,hi/oria ,ecclesia/ica #bd bo? repres5t ,nanahuatl z ! sun-god1 he 0 n s kn[n 9 ,mexican popul> religion & prie/ly practice1 & 0 inde$ a =m ( ! god ,xolotl1 a deity ( obscure *>act]i/ics4 ,tecciztecatl c]ta9ly 0 reg>d$ z ! moon-god1 b ! sol> lum9>y 0 kn[n z ,tonatiuh or ,piltz9tecutli4 ,z has already be5 /at$1 !re are s\nd reasons = ! belief t ! sol> cult 0 a relatively late in/itution 9 ,mexico1 al?\gh 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry x may h fl\ri%$ = g5]ations be=e x became popul> 9 ,t5o*titlan4 ,slightly elaborat+ our =m] reasons = ?is /atem5t1 we may indicate3 7#a7 ,! "n ,tonatiuh appe>s 9 ! my?s ( ! orig9 ( ! sun z t ( ! lum9>y1 b n ( a god4 7#b7 ,! circum/ance t ,tonatiuh 0 reg>d$ by ! ,mexicans z a 8heav510 a ,valhalla1 to :i* ! w>riors sla9 9 sacrifice betook !mselves aft] dea?1 & !re=e repres5t$ a place ( rew>d1 a class ( my? :i* is ne>ly always ( comp>atively late orig91 & is ! fruit ( mature speculation4 7#c7 ,! fact t ,tonatiuh 0 closely id5tifi$ ) ! w>rior ca/e & !re=e ) human sacrifice1 :i* 0 a late introduction & ! p>am\nt reason = ! exi/5ce ( t ca/e4 7#d7 ,t ! orig9al ,cal5d> 0 a lun> "o4 ,b ^! & o!r consid]ations w be dealt ) m fully :5 we und]take ! elucidation ( ! sun-god's *>act]i/ics4 ,! amalgamation ( ! sol> cult & ( ! ,quetzalcoatl cult 7repres5t+ ! lat] & e>li] 8civiliz$0 elem5ts 9 ,mexican religion7 ) ! ra9-cult is n an isolat$ ph5om5on 9 ! _w's religi\s hi/ory4 ,! analogy ( ! fusion ( ! ,osirian cult ( ,egypt ) t ( ,ra w occur to ev]yone 9 ?is connection1 & z ! !ology ( ! prie/s ( ! m ari/ocratic fai? became 9 ! ev5t subsidi>y 9 real importance to t ( ! f> m popul> ,osirian wor%ip1 9 ! same mann] ! ,quetzalcoatl cult1 & 9 "s measure ! sol>1 7 ( mu* less real significance 9 ,mexican life g5]ally ?an ! e>li] popul> belief4 ,! sol> wor%ip seems to h successfully & naturally id5tifi$ itself ) ! ra9-cult1 z also did ! ,quetzalcoatl religion4 ,! my? :i* describ$ ,quetzalcoatl z ! f\nd] or inv5tor ( ! tonalamatl or ,book ( ,fate #be probably records an ef=t on ! "p ( 8 prie/hood to id5tify _! cult ) ! popul> agricultural religion or to sy/ematize or r$uce to symbolic =m an idea :i* until t "t _h probably exi/$ 9 an unc]ta9 & *aotic condition 9 ! popul> m9d4 ,= ev5 if ! tonalamatl 7 introduc$ f ! ,zapotec or ,mixtec c\ntry or ! ,maya region1 z is g5]ally suppos$1 x requir$ skilful arrangem5t to make x subs]ve ! purposes ( ,aztec religion4 ,! prie/hood & cultus ( ,quetzalcoatl 7 widespread ?r\gh\t ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico1 & its m9i/]s appe> to h adapt$ !mselves ) skill & pati5ce to ! conditions ( ! v>i\s regions to :i* !y p5etrat$1 ! result ( _! lab\rs nev] be+ q ! same 9 any two regions4 ,x is rem>kable1 too1 t1 probably by reason ( ! sup]ior erudition & ability ( its prie/hood1 ! ca/e ( ,quetzalcoatl held *ief sway 9 ,mexican ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t4 #bf ,b a p>tial1 ?\gh by no means complete1 ho/ility to human sacrifice & c]emonial cannibalism1 a grudg+ acquiesc5ce 9 :at x _h1 9 all likelihood1 d5\nc$ 9 e>li] times1 gave x 9 lat] days a some:at alo( & sep>ate "*4 ,,cultural ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,mexican ,,religion ,we mu/ n[ glance briefly at su* evid5ces z we possess ( ! di/9ct racial or cultural elem5ts :i* assi/$ 9 ! developm5t ( ,mexican religion4 ,?ree su* elem5ts appe> to be indicat$4 ,x w\ld seem t f an e>ly p]iod a p ( settl$ & agricultural habits occupi$ ! ,mexican ,plateau4 ,^! 7 probably relatively aborig9al to ! ,toltecs & may h be5 ( ,otomi or ,t>ascan blood1 & to !m ,i w\ld ref] ! orig9al f\ndation ( a ra9-cult hav+ ,tlaloc z its pr9cipal deity4 ,tlaloc 0 unque/ionably "o ( ! mo/ v5]able gods ( ,mexico1 inde$ he is ! only god :o c be id5tifi$ ) c]ta9ty 9 ! rema9s ( pre-,nahuan date at ,teotihuacan4 ,tradition spoke ( ! f9d+ ( an anci5t idol repres5t+ him by ! e>ly ,*i*imec immigrants4 #bg ,at lea/ five ( ! ye>ly fe/ivals 7 celebrat$ 9 8 hon\r1 & anci5t sculptur$ repres5tations ( him h be5 f\nd 9 ,t>ascan t]ritory1 9 ,mi*oacan1 ,teotihuacan1 ,teotitlan1 9 ! ,zapotec c\ntry & 9 ,guatemala1 ?us af=d+ irrefragable te/imony to 8 antiquity4 ,r lat] ?an ! culture :i* probably f\nd$ ! ra9-cult 7a religion necess>y & inde$ inevitable 9 ,mexico7 0 ! ,toltec civilization1 :i* reg>d$ ,quetzalcoatl z its *iefe/ div9ity1 & :i* probably 0 br\ght f ! ,huaxtec c\ntry4 ,b ! ,toltec are said to h be5 ( ,nahua blood1 & may h be5 compos$ ( a ,nahua populace & a ,huaxtec or proto-,maya ari/ocracy4 ,! lat] hordes ( ,nahua 7,*i*imecs1 ,aztec1 etc47 f\nd ^! elem5ts already settl$ ^u ! l&1 b br\ght ) !m a religion :i*1 if x 0 de/9$ to h a p[]ful effect ^u ! fai? ( ! agricultural folk ) :om !y came into contact1 0 also to be q z /rongly influ5c$ by x4 ,rev]t+ to ! conditions prevail+ 9 ,mexico prior to ! entry ( ! ,*i*imec ,nahua1 we may reg>d ! ra9-cult ( ! ,tlaloc religion z 9 "s measure resembl+ t ( ! ,pueblo ,indians ( ,nor!rn ,mexico & ,arizona at ! pres5t "t4 ,! s]p5t9e "* ( its pr9cipal deity1 ! appeal = ra9 :i* composes ! basis ( mo/ ( ! pray]s to him1 provide /rong pro(s ( su* a simil>ity1 &1 z has be5 said1 ! antiquity ( ! ra9 religion is prov$ by ! discov]y ( e>ly sculptur$ =ms & ! facts adduc$ above4 ,! ,tlaloc religion _h also be5 able 9 "s degree to reta9 its own sacrificial cu/oms1 ! dr[n+ ( victims be+ practis$ 9 addition to ! ,nahua me?od ( slaught] on ! /one ( sacrifice4 ,! date ( ! introduction ( ! religion ( ,quetzalcoatl is g5]ally plac$ at ! middle ( ! eigh? c5tury ( our era1 s t we are p]haps ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t ! fai? ( ! great] portion ( ,anahuac #bh be=e t "t _h z its basis ! ra9-cult1 z repres5t$ by ,tlaloc4 ,! religi\s cu/oms ( ^? peoples :o 7 relatively aborig9al to ! ,nahua support ! !ory ( ! pr$om9ance ( ! ra9-cult 9 ,mexico f a v e>ly p]iod1 & ,torquemada /ates t dur+ seasons ( dr\ght ! ,otomi s\ght to propitiate ! ra9-gods by sacrific+ a virg9 on ! top ( a hill4 #bi ,esp9osa says t ! ,t>ascans sacrific$ snakes r ?an human be+s--possibly = ! same reason z ! ,esquimaux beat _! dogs dur+ an eclipse1 9 ord] t ! ,great ,dog :i* causes ! undesirable ph5om5on may desi/1 ! ,t>ascans probably kill+ ! reptiles 9 "q 9 ord] t ! ,great ,snake might rel5t & s5d ra94 #cj ,! t[ns ab\t ,*apala paid div9e hon\rs to ! _s ( ! adjac5t lake4 ,late ?\gh ^! survivals may h be5 at ! era ( ! ,conque/1 yet !y seem to h en%r9$ ! memory ( an e>ly ra9-cult among ! peoples ) :om !y 7 f\nd1 & _m o!rs c\ld be adduc$4 ,,! ,,quetzalcoatl ,,cult ,! appe>ance ( ! ,quetzalcoatl cult 9 ,mexico1 :i* w\ld seem to h ent]$ ! c\ntry at "s "t ab\t ! middle ( ! eigh? c5tury1 mu/ h caus$ v consid]able alt]ations 9 ! simple & probably z yet un9flu5c$ ra9 religion :i* x f\nd 9 occupancy4 ,f :atev] portion ( ! ,i/hmian tract x came1 "o ?+ reg>d+ x is positively c]ta9--t x introduc$ into ,mexico ! rudim5ts ( ! cal5dric computation evolv$ 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,9 its phase z import$ by ! apo/les ( ! ,quetzalcoatl religion1 x seems fairly c]ta9 t ! tonalamatl 0 ( ! nature ( a lun> "t-c\nt1 & ! probabilities are t its protagoni/s discov]$ on _! arrival 9 ,anahuac t a c\nt simil> 9 "* 0 9 use among ! prie/hood ( ! ,tlaloc wor%ipp]s1 :o z an agricultural p c\ld h>dly h be5 )\t "s su* sy/em ( computation4 ,! ,quetzalcoatl fai?1 h[ev]1 0 manife/ly ( a consid]ably high] /atus ?an t :i* x enc\nt]$1 z is obvi\s n only by ! num]\s & extraord9>y traditions reg>d+ ! ,toltec civilization1 b ! actual rema9s x has left4 ,x is cle> t1 :e!r x f\nd a cal5d> or "t-c\nt already exi/+1 x placat$ aborig9al op9ion by ! amalgamation ( ! sev]al fe/ivals ( ! ra9-god ) its own4 ,! fact t ! day-signs ( ! ,mexican cal5d> or tonalamatl are almo/ id5tical ) ^? ( ! ,maya tonalamatl is good pro( t ! =m] 0 develop$ f ! latt]2 & if only a small proportion ( ,toltec deities f9d a place 9 its mon?ly fe/ivals1 t w\ld seem to be due to ! circum/ance t lat] ,nahua dem&s = ! inclusion ( _! tribal deities 7 acc$$ to4 ,we may1 p]haps1 imag9e ! e>ly tonalamatl ( ! ,quetzalcoatl mission>ies to h be5 simil> 9 =m to t ( ! ,maya--t is1 x mu/ h be5 almo/ :olly conc]n$ ) ! fe/ivals ( deities ( a purely agricultural k9d4 ,b ! religion ( ,quetzalcoatl1 z obs]v$ 9 8 ,yucatec =m ( ,kukulkan & 8 ,guatemalan v>iant ( ,gucumatz1 bore a close resemblance to t ( ,tlaloc4 ,9 ,yucatan ,quetzalcoatl 0 reg>d$ by prie/s & p z ! great ra9-mak+ prie/1 ! god ( moi/ure1 :]eas 9 ,mexico he is m]ely ! sweep] ( ! ways to ! ,tlaloc deities ( ra94 ,?is is surely eloqu5t ( ! fact t ! ,tlaloc religion 0 n only ( great] antiquity 9 ,mexico1 b t its m9i/]s 7 dis9cl9$ to p]mit ! deity ( ! new religion to adopt a /atus simil> to t ( _! own god4 ,) true prie/ly diplomacy1 !n1 x w\ld seem t !y temporiz$ by af=d+ ,quetzalcoatl a /atus z ! great ra9-mak+ prie/1 a "* :i* he reta9$ to ! la/4 ,my? c]ta9ly alludes to ,tlaloc z ! supplant] ( ,quetzalcoatl 9 ! affections ( ! goddess ,*al*ihuitlicue & z robb+ ! peaceful culture-h]o ( ! maize-plant :i* he _h discov]$4 ,?is does n necess>ily signify ! defeat ( an old] religion by a m novel fai?1 b may relate to a successful def5ce by ! m anci5t cultus & its absorption ( ! o!r4 ,! !ory ( ! amalgamation ( ! ,tlaloc & ,quetzalcoatl cults appe>s to me to be 9 "s measure assi/$ by ! circum/ance t ! devotees ( bo? plac$ a high value ^u m9]als ( a gre5 col\r4 ,! ^w *al*ihuitl 78gre5 /one071 ( su* common occurr5ce 9 ! works ( ! ,spani% au?ors :o wrote on ,mexican affairs1 mu/ be tak5 z apply+ ) equal =ce to jadeite1 nephrite1 turquoise1 em]ald1 *lormelanite1 gre5 qu>tz1 preci\s s]p5t9e1 or1 inde$1 any m9]al ( a gre5 %ade4 ,a tradition exi/$ t ,quetzalcoatl br\ght ! use & manipulation ( jadeite into ,mexico1 b gre5 0 a sali5t hue 9 ! insignia ( ,tlaloc1 & ! "n ( 8 consort ,*al*ihuitlicue 78gre5/one skirt07 is eloqu5t ( 8 connection ) ! sev]al k9ds ( /ones :i* ! ,mexicans gr\p$ "u ! "n *al*ihuitl4 ,:atev] significance atta*$ to ! col\r ( ^! /ones1 ap>t f _! nature z preci\s /ones1 :e!r or n !y 7 symbolic ( wat] or v]dure1 or metal1 or ( all ( ^! ag5cies1 :i* are reg>d$ z s pot5t by primitive peoples1 x is app>5t t bo? cults employ$ !m symbolically or pseudo-sci5tifically1 & x !re=e seems probable t ea* ( ^! religions 0 orig9ally connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( wat]1 & !re=e ! influ5ce associat$ ) & conta9$ 9 wat]1 & t ?is belief w\ld r5d] _! amalgamation a process ( little difficulty4 ,if1 h[ev]1 su* simil>ities ev5tually made = ! union ( ! cults1 traditions 7 n lack+ reg>d+ _! e>ly diff]5ces or ho/ilities4 ,z has be5 said1 my?s surviv$ into hi/orical times1 :i* /at$ t al?\gh ,quetzalcoatl _h succe$$ 9 discov]+ maize1 ,tlaloc _h /ol5 x f him & _h also succe$$ 9 ali5at+ f him ! affection ( ,*al*ihuitlicue1 :o _h orig9ally be5 reg>d$ z ! wife ( ,quetzalcoatl4 #ca ,b ^! my?s are und5iably ( late orig94 ,quetzalcoatl's /atus z a celibate god or prie/ w\ld sc>cely all[ 8 "n to be connect$ ) matrimony1 & x is pla9 t ,*al*ihuitlicue1 ! wat] goddess1 is 9 a s5se m]ely a p]sonification ( ! *al*ihuitl /one1 :i* 01 p]haps1 orig9ally "o ( ! symbols ( ! ,quetzalcoatl cult & :i* lat] became p]sonifi$ 9 female =m1 ?us giv+ rise to ! my? 9 "q4 ,nor d ^! tales necess>ily prove ! priority ( ! ,quetzalcoatl cult1 :i* 0 inde$ reg>d$ z responsible = practically all ,mexican civilization & :i* w\ld naturally be cr$it$ ) ! introduction ( ! use ( ! sacr$ /ones4 ,,! ,,cult ,,( ,,obsidian ,b if ! lat] ,nahua immigrants also came to reg>d ^! *al*ihuitl /ones ) rev]5ce1 at ! p]iod ( _! entrance to ! ,mexican plateau !y paid devotion to a m9]al ( a v diff]5t k9d4 ,& ?is x is :i* helps u to reg>d _! fai? z diff]+ entirely f ^? o!r fai?s :i* already fl\ri%$ 9 ! l&4 ,! m9]al ) :i* _! cult 0 s closely connect$ 0 obsidian1 a vitre\s natural glass f\nd 9 ! upp] volcanic /rata ( ,mexico & nor!rn ,cali=nia1 :i* flakes readily f ! core by pressure & ga9s by m]e fracture a razor-l edge ( consid]able p5etrative p[]4 ,! pr9cipal qu>ry ( ?is volcanic glass 0 ! m\nta9 kn[n z ! ,c]ro de las ,navajas 78hill ( ! knives07 ne> ,timapan1 & f ?is c5tre ! itztli1 by :i* "n obsidian 0 kn[n to ! ,mexicans1 0 widely di/ribut$ by b>t] ov] a v consid]able area4 ,!re w\ld seem to be pro( t ?is m9]al1 s suitable = ! purposes ( ! nomadic hunt]1 0 anci5tly kn[n f> to ! nor? ( ,mexico4 ,! obs]vations ( ,dr4 ,g4 ,m4 ,dawson #cb 9 ,briti% ,columbia satisfi$ him t trad+ int]c\rse 0 engag$ 9 by ! coa/ tribes ) ^? ( ! int]ior along ! ,fraz] ,riv] ,valley & f> to ! s\?4 ,f ! remote/ times embrac$ 9 _! native traditions1 ! ,bilqula ( ,dean ,inlet h possess$ a trade r\te by way ( ! ,bella ,coola ,riv] to ! ,t9n c\ntry1 along :i* trail brok5 implem5ts & *ips ( obsidian h be5 f\nd4 ,_m ( ! r\tes 9 ,briti% ,columbia h also yield$ *ips & flakes ( obsidian1 :i*1 ! ,t9n ,indians /at$1 0 obta9$ f a m\nta9 ne> ! headwat]s ( ! ,salmon ,riv] 7ab\t long4 #abe #dj1 lat4 #eb #dj71 =m]ly resort$ to = ! purpose ( procur+ ! m9]al4 ,! ,indian "n ( ?is m\nta9 is ,bece1 :i*1 ,dr4 ,dawson sugge/$1 is ! same ) ! 8,mexican0 "n = knife1 itztli1 an etymology :i* may be ( ,nahuatlac orig94 ,mr4 ,t4 ,c4 ,we/on1 ( ! ,geological ,survey1 also not$ 9 #ahhc ! f9d+ ( a flake ( obsidian 9 connection ) a lay] ( buffalo bones occurr+ 9 alluvium1 & evid5tly ( consid]able antiquity1 ne> ,=t ,mc,leod1 ,alb]ta4 ,! ne>e/ s\rce ( su* a mat]ial is ! ,yell[/one ,p>k region4 ,! coa/ tribes ( ,briti% ,columbia h be5 trad]s = untold g5]ations1 ex*ang+ oolact9 oil = su* mat]ial z !y c\ld make implem5ts f1 & !re seems to be no d\bt t ! ,m\nd-build]s ( ,ohio1 ,wiscons91 & ,k5tucky 7 also acqua9t$ ) obsidian1 :i* !y c\ld only h obta9$ by ! process ( b>t]4 ,x 0 ?us ei!r to be f\nd 9 ! regions f :i* ! ,nahua are ?\ght to h come1 or else obta9able ?r\gh ! *annels ( trade4 ,if1 !n1 x be grant$ t ! ,*i*imec ,nahua 7 acqua9t$ ) obsidian & its prop]ties be=e _! entrance ^u ! ,plateau ( ,anahuac 7a hypo!sis :i* is /r5g!n$ by ! mat]ial diff]5ces ( workman%ip betwe5 _! tools & weapons made ( ?is mat]ial & ^? ( ! aborig9al peoples ( ,mexico71 suffici5t "t _h elaps$ = _! developm5t ( a cult1 :i*1 at ! era ( ! ,conque/1 exhibit$ traces ( a v consid]able antiquity4 ,x 01 naturally1 z a hunt+ p t !y employ$ weapons ( obsidian4 ,! h]ds ( de] on ! fle% ( :i* !y *iefly liv$ roam$ ! /eppes1 & pro( ab\nds t ! cu/oms ( ! *ase /rongly influ5c$ ! religi\s ideas ( ! e>ly ,nahua4 ,c]ta9 ( _! gods1 inde$1 seem to h be5 develop$ f c]v9e =ms1 = among b>b>\s races ! animal wor%ipp$ is t :i* provides ! tribe ) its /aple food1 or1 m correctly1 a great eponym\s figure ( t animal is ador$--= example1 ! ,great ,de]1 :o s5ds ! small] de] to keep ! savage 9 life4 ,9 l mann] b>b>\s fi%]folk are wont to wor%ip ! ,great ,fi%1 :i* s5ds !m its prog5y or its subjects to s]ve z food4 ,^! de] gods or hunt+ gods 9 "s way connect$ ) ! de]--,itzpapalotl1 ,itzcuy1 ,mixcoatl1 ,camaxtli--_h also /ell> or sol> attributes4 ,! de] 0 sla9 by ! obsidian weapon1 :i*1 !re=e1 came to be reg>d$ z ! magical weapon1 t by :i* food 0 procur$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t x assum$ a sacr$ significance1 ! hunt+ gods !mselves came to wield x1 & x 0 ?\ght ( z com+ f ! />s or ! heav5s :]e ! gods dwelt1 9 precisely ! same mann] z fl9t arr[heads 7 reg>d$ by ! peasantry ( ,europe z 8elf-arr[s0 or 8?und]-/ones0--t is1 z some?+ sup]natural1 fall+ f above4 ,b ! obsidian itself became deifi$ z ,tezcatlipoc4 ,i h reta9$ ! full pro( ( ?is ass]tion = ! section :i* treats ( t god1 & mu/ "h cont5t myself ) a summ>y ( x4 ,! :ole cult ( obsidian c5tr$ 9 ! p]sonality ( ,tezcatlipoc4 ,8 idol 0 made ( t /one1 & 9 ,codex ,borbonicus 8 s&als are pa9t$ ) ! zigzag l9e ( ! obsidian snake4 ,9 8 v>iant ( ,itztli 7obsidian7 he 0 ! god ( ! sacrificial knife ( obsidian1 & 9 c]ta9 codices he is repres5t$ z hav+ su* a knife 9 place ( a foot4 ,f ?is /one1 too1 div9atory mirrors 7 made1 "o ( :i* 0 held by ! idols ( ,tezcatlipoc & s]v$ z ! mirror or scry+-/one 9 :i* he witness$ ! do+s ( mank9d4 ,obsidian1 ! great life-giv]1 food-gett]1 blood-provid]1 became id5tifi$ 9 ! =m ( ?is god ) ! cause or brea? ( life1 :i*1 9 turn1 0 id5tifi$ ) ! w9d1 & !re=e x came to be class$ among ^? magical /ones :i* 9 "s my/]i\s mann] are consid]$ capable ( rais+ a tempe/4 ,9 ?is mann] ,tezcatlipoc came to be reg>d$ z a god ( w9d1 & has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! ,hurakan ( ! ,qui*es ( ,guatemala1 f ^: "n ! expression 8hurricane0 has be5 borr[$ & :o 0 probably introduc$ into ,c5tral ,am]ica by ! ,nahua4 ,:5 ! nomadic ,*i*imec adopt$ an agricultural condition1 obsidian _h d\btless be5 reg>d$ z sacr$ = _m g5]ations4 ,x 0 by virtue ( ?is magical /one t ! n\ri%m5t ( ! gods 0 ma9ta9$ by ! sacrifice ( de]2 b :5 ! ,*i*imec came to embrace a m settl$ exi/5ce )9 an agricultural community :]e de] mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 m sc>ce1 ! n\ri%m5t ( ! gods _h necess>ily to be ma9ta9$ by o!r means4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is 0 effect$ is q cle>4 ,slaves & w>-captives 7 sacrific$ in/ead ( bea/s ( ! *ase1 & at ! fe/ival ( ,mixcoatl1 ! greate/ ( ! ,*i*imec gods1 wom5 7 sacrific$ 9 ! place ( de]1 & aft] be+ sla9 7 c>ri$ d[n ! /eps ( ! teocalli1 _! wri/s & ankles ti$ toge!r precisely 9 ! mann] 9 :i* a de] is truss$ by ! hunt]4 #cc ,! transition f de]-sacrifice to a human holocau/ & f ! hunt+ to ! agricultural condition is well illu/rat$ by an anci5t hymn relat+ to ! goddess ,itzpapalotl 78,obsidian ,butt]fly071 :o 0 associat$ ) ,mixcoatl4 8,o1 %e has become a goddess ( ! melon cactus1 ,our ,"m ,itzpapalotl1 ! obsidian butt]fly4 ,h] food is on ! ,n9e ,pla9s1 ,%e 0 nurtur$ on ! he>ts ( de]1 ,our ,"m1 ! e>?-goddess40 ,! inf]5ce 9 ^! l9es seems to be t :]eas ,itzpapalotl 0 =m]ly a goddess ( ! ,*i*imec nomads ( ! /eppes1 :o sacrific$ de] to h]1 %e has n[ become ! deity ( ! melon-cactus pat* & an agricultural community4 ,h] fir/ human victim is also m5tion$ by ,cam>go1 #cd :o /ates t ! ,*i*imec1 com+ to ! prov9ce ( ,tepeueuec1 sacrific$ a victim to h] by %oot+ him ) arr[s4 ,itzpapalotl has m ?an "o c]v9e attribute4 #ce ,mexican tradition makes x v pla9 t obsidian1 because ( its blood-procur+ prop]ties1 came to be reg>d$ z ! s\rce ( all life1 z ! v pr9ciple ( exi/5ce4 ,tonacaciuatl1 ! creative goddess1 z we %all see1 gave bir? to an obsidian knife f :i* sprang sixte5 hundr$ demigods :o peopl$ ! e>?1 #cf & ! infant :i* ! goddess ,ciuacoatl leaves 9 ! cradle 9 ! m>ket-place und]goes metamorphosis into an obsidian knife4 #cg ,z ! ,codices %[1 gra9 is (t5 pictur$ 9 ! =m ( ! obsidian knife ( sacrifice4 ,j z 9 _m my?s1 bo? 9 ! ,old ,_w & ! ,new1 fl9t 0 reg>d$ z ! great f]tiliz] because ( its suppos$ connection ) ! lightn+1 s 0 obsidian4 ,?us all ! elem5ts :i* g to make = gr[? & life 7 reg>d$ z hav+ a connection ) ?is m9]al1 ev5 ! sun itself1 z we %all see1 be+ id5tifi$ ) ! ,mirror ( ,tezcatlipoc4 ,! idea t ! sun c\ld n live )\t human blood 0 a purely ,nahua conception1 aris+ out ( an e>li] belief t x mu/ be n\ri%$ ^u ! blood ( bea/s4 ,( ! transitional process abundant pro( exi/s4 ,! hunt]'s obsidian weapon :i* suppli$ ! necess>y pabulum became 9 turn ! weapon ( ! w>rior :o procur$ victims = ! holocau/1 & ! sacr$ knife ( ! prie/ :o sacrific$ !m to ! deity4 ,obsidian 0 ?us *iefly ! w> weapon & ! sacrificial weapon1 b ! traditions relat+ to x ref] to practically all ! (fices ( human art1 indu/ry1 & activity g5]ally4 ,le/ ?is hypo!sis seem ov]/ra9$1 analogies may be indicat$4 ,t :i* is initially sacr$ 9 a primitive cult frequ5tly comes to h int]relations ) ! :ole environm5t ( its deities4 ,?us ! wor%ip ( ! oak by ! ,druids appe>s to h giv5 an oak-l virtue to ! oracul> birds :i* dwelt 9 its bran*es1 to ! soil f :i* x grew1 to ! sky above x1 to ! prie/s :o m9i/]$ to x & to ! sacr$ implem5ts !y employ$4 ,! same may be said ( ! oak-cult ( ,zeus & ! v9e-cult ( ,dionysos4 ,! num]\s traditions :i* clu/] r\nd ! c]emonial use ( jade 9 ,*9a are eloqu5t ( su* a t5d5cy4 ,?us trees1 plants1 animals1 & natural objects are all 9 a mann] id5tifi$ & connect$ ) ! beautiful jade /one 9 its "* z an imp>t] ( vitality4 ,?us 9 ! great wor%ip ( ! gods ^: cult 0 connect$ ) obsidian1 well-nigh ev]y?+ ) :i* x _h int]relations came to p>take ( ! nature ( obsidian--gra91 ! e>?1 ! atmosph]e1 ! sun1 ! />s1 ! prie/hood1 blood1 & ra94 ,! process by :i* ?is ,nahua cult became amalgamat$ ) ^? ( ,tlaloc & ,quetzalcoatl seems fairly cle>4 ,^u _! settlem5t on ! ,plateau ( ,anahuac x is pla9 f ! t]ms ( c]ta9 my?s t ! ,nahua did n reg>d ! cult ( ,quetzalcoatl 9 any fri5dly mann]4 ,tezcatlipoc is spok5 ( z driv+ him f ! c\ntry1 & x is probable t to beg9 ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( p]secution may h be5 inflict$ ^u 8 adh]5ts4 ,b ! ,nahua w\ld und\bt$ly come to recognize ! value ( ! cal5d> sy/em connect$ ) 8 cult1 & x is cle> t !y did s f ! fact t we f9d includ$ 9 x c]ta9 ( _! pr9cipal gods4 ,! f9al process ( amalgamation probably took place dur+ ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 =1 z se5 at ! ,conque/ p]iod1 ! union ( ! ?ree great cults ( ,mexico mu/ h occupi$ sev]al c5turies4 ,su* a duration ( "t 0 necess>y = ! developm5t ( a homog5e\s & involv$ symbolism1 :i* 0 obvi\sly bas$ on a tacit recognition ( ! unity ( ! ,mexican fai?4 ,initial disp>ities seem to be indicat$ pr9cipally by anci5t traditions1 ( :i* p]haps ! mo/ notable 0 t :i* spoke ( ! diff]5t heav5s ( ! ?ree orig9al cults1 ! ,tlalocan ( ! wor%ipp]s ( ,tlaloc1 ! ,tlapallan or ov]-sea p>adise ( ! ,quetzalcoatl cult1 & ! ,sun-h\se or ,valhalla ( ! ,nahua4 ,a /rik+ pro( ( ! adju/m5t ( ! *ronology ( ! ?ree cults may p]haps be f\nd 9 ! my?s :i* speak ( ! exi/5ce ( sev]al 8suns0 or ages prior to ! hi/orical era1 ! 8rul]s0 or patrons ( :i* 71 accord+ to ! mo/ tru/wor?y s\rces1 ,tezcatlipoc1 ,quetzalcoatl1 ,tlaloc1 & ,*al*ihuitlicue1 goddess ( ! ,tlaloc cult4 #ch ,! attribution ( high] & ab/ract qualities to ! gods 0 probably ( comp>atively late orig94 ,especially is ?is to be obs]v$ 9 ! case ( ,tezcatlipoc1 to :om1 at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/1 we f9d attribut$ su* a bewild]+ array ( qualities1 bo? concrete & ab/ract1 l(ty & ! rev]se1 z w\ld seem to indicate t1 _h ,european influ5ces fail$ to p5etrate to ,anahuac1 8 wor%ip might h rea*$ ! mono!i/ic /age1 & 9 "t h ov]%ad[$ t ( ! o!r gods ( ! ,mexican pan!on4 ,und\bt$ly1 too1 ! prie/hood1 & probably ! nobility1 fo/]$ a m esot]ic & l(ti] type ( religion ?an 0 und]/ood ( ! p1 & good pro( 7:i* is by no means conf9$ to ! r d\btful circum/ance t ,nezahualcoyotl ( ,texcuco built a temple to ! 8,unkn[n ,god07 is =?com+ t !ological que/ions ( great] or less complexity _h begun to ex]cise ! m9ds ( ! hi]>*y4 ,,unity ,,( ,,religi\s ,,conception ,,?r\gh\t ,,mexico ,at ! epo* ( ! ,conque/ x is abundantly cle> t ! ,aztec _h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ _! tribal cult1 enri*$ ) ! beliefs ( ! peoples !y _h conqu]$1 ov] a wide area4 ,!y _h adopt$ into _! pan!on su* deities ( ! surr\nd+ tribes z appeal$ to _! imag9ation1 or 7 too p[]ful to be ignor$1 & actually 8imprison$0 _m o!rs ( less] puissance1 ^: idols 7 kept 9 conf9em5t 9 a build+ )9 ! prec9cts ( ! great temple at ,mexico-,t5o*titlan4 #ci ,)9 ! hi/orical p]iod b little radical diff]5ce exi/$ betwe5 ! sev]al ,mexican cults1 :i* all appe> to h be5 affect$ by a common influ5ce4 ,we obs]ve1 !re=e1 ! ph5om5on ( c]ta9 e>ly religi\s =ms orig9at+ "u common influ5ces1 sep>at$ = c5turies & pr(\ndly alt]$ by immigrant =ces1 at l5g? br\ght toge!r aga9 by ! amalgamat+ p[]s ( conque/ "u ! influ5ce ( "o c5tral & p>am\nt cult1 only1 :5 once m unit$1 to f9d a common de/ruction at ! h&s ( ! m9i/]s ( an ali5 & invad+ fai?4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/1 !n1 we f9d ! ,mexican religion relatively homog5e\s 9 "*1 ) a widespread asc5dancy1 its prov9cial activities exhibit+ diff]5ces ( little m ?an local k9d4 ,ev5 9 its mo/ f>-flung manife/ations1 inde$1 x nev] %[$ su* v>iations z p]mit u to say t ! mo/ dissimil> or di/ant v>iety ( ! cult entirely diff]$ f ! metropolitan exempl>4 #dj ,?is be+ s1 we are z fully ju/ifi$ 9 speak+ ( a ,mexican religion z we are 9 allud+ to an ,italic or a ,hell5ic religion1 & p]haps m s ?an 9 ext5d+ ! analogy to ,egypt1 :]e any?+ l homog5eity 9 ei!r !ology or popul> wor%ip appe>s nev] to h be5 atta9$4 ,we f9d1 !n1 t ! religion ( anci5t ,mexico1 z kn[n at ! ,conque/ p]iod1 0 ! outcome ( lat] religi\s & e?ical impulses br\ght to be> ^u a simple ra9-cult1 :i*1 judg+ f ! atmosph]ic conditions ess5tial to x1 mu/ h be5 indig5\s to ! c\ntry4 ,al?\gh ! cults ( its sev]al deities /ill reta9$ "s measure ( di/9ctiv5ess1 all _h long be=e be5 amalgamat$ 9 :at 0 really a national fai?4 ,!re are signs1 too1 t a fully develop$ pan!on _h be5 evolv$1 :i* mirror$ an elaborate social sy/em 9 ca/e1 rank1 & guild1 b ! my?ical mat]ial f :i* ?is might h be5 recon/ruct$ is only p>tly available4 ,we f9d1 too1 t practically e god 9 ! ,mexican hi]>*y1 :atev] 8 orig9al /atus1 0 9 "s mann] connect$ ) ! ra9-cult4 ,inde$1 ! ra9-cult is ! c5tral & coalesc+ factor 9 ,mexican religion1 its nucleus & f\ndation4 ,z might be expect$1 mo/ ( ! deities ( agricultural gr[? appe> to be ( ei!r ,toltec or ali5 orig94 ,?us1 ,*icomecoatl 0 ,toltec1 :ile ,tlazolteotl1 ,xo*iquetzal1 ,xilon51 ,c9teotl1 & ,xipe 7 all ali5 deities ( ! old] settl$ peoples1 b :at _! relation%ip to ! ?ree great cults ( ,mexico may h be5 is n app>5t4 ,mo/ ( ^! deities appe> 9 ! tonalamatl1 s t _! wor%ip mu/ h be5 adopt$ at a comp>atively e>ly date4 ,/ud5ts ( religi\s ph5om5a n infrequ5tly %[ di/a/e = ! deep] consid]ation ( ! ,mexican fai?1 n only because ( ! difficulties :i* beset ! full] /udy ( ?is int]e/+ phase ( human belief 9 ! et]nal v]ities1 b also1 p]haps1 because ( ! 8diabolic0 reputation :i* x has a*iev$1 & ! grisly horrors to :i* x is ?\ght ^? :o exam9e x mu/ p]=ce accu/om !mselves4 ,x is c]ta9ly n ! mo/ obvi\sly prepossess+ ( ! _w's religions4 ,yet if a due all[ance be made = ! e>ne/ness ( its prie/s & p 9 ! /rict obs]vance ( a sy/em ! h]$it>y burd5 ( :i* no "o man or g5]ation c\ld hope to remove1 & ! religion ( ! ,aztec be view$ 9 a lib]al & tol]ant _s1 ^? :o are suffici5tly pa9/ak+ 9 _! scrut9y ( x w 9 "t f9d !mselves ri*ly rew>d$4 ,n only does x ab\nd 9 valuable evid5ces = ! enri*m5t ( ! /udy ( religi\s sci5ce & tradition1 b by degrees its a/oni%+ beauty ( col\r & weal? ( symbolic v>iety w appeal to ! /ud5t ) all ! en*antm5t ( discov]y4 ,! e*oes ( ! sacr$ drum ( s]p5t-sk9 rev]b]at+ f ! l(ty pyramid ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 & pass+ above ! my/]i\s city ( ,t5o*titlan ) all ! maje/y ( ,olympic ?und]1 w seem n less eloqu5t ( ! s\l ( a vani%$ fai? ?an d ! memories ( ! *oral *ants ( ,hellas4 ,& if ! recollection ( ! picturesque b t]rible rites ( ?is gift$1 imag9ative1 & n undi/+ui%$ p h>r[s ! feel+s1 does x n ar\se 9 u t fatal consci\sness ( man's helplessness be=e ! gods1 :i* primitive religion inv>iably pr(esses & :i* reason almo/ seems to uphold8 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,cosmogony ,acc\nts ( ! creation ( ! _w & ( man1 ev5 z h&$ d[n to u by ^? writ]s on ,mexican my?ology :o _h ! be/ opportunities = collect+ !m1 are prone to vagu5ess1 & diff] s mat]ially "o f ano!r t we w probably n be 9 error if we impute _! inconsi/5cies to a v>iety ( local orig9s4 ,z reg>ds ! ag5cies by :om ! creation or recon/ruction ( ! e>? 0 accompli%$1 we are n 9 d\bt1 = c]ta9 passages 9 ! ,int]pretative ,codices f9d almo/ exact corroboration 9 ! creation /ory conta9$ 9 ! ,popol ,vuh1 ! my?ic book ( ! ,qui*e ( ,guatemala 7:i* 0 unkn[n to ! int]pret]s ( ! ,mexican ,codices71 z well z 9 simil> works ( ,maya orig94 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis /ates t ! god ,tonacatecutli1 8:5 x appe>$ good to him1 brea!d & divid$ ! wat]s ( ! heav5s & ! e>?1 :i* at fir/ 7 all confus$ toge!r1 & dispos$ !m z !y n[ are40 #da ,fur!r1 8he brea!d & begot ,quetzalcoatl1 n by connection ) a woman1 b by 8 brea? alone40 #db ,! fir/ ( ^! deities1 & 8 female c\nt]p>t ,tonacaciuatl1 are almo/ c]ta9ly spok5 ( 9 ! ,popol ,vuh z 8! s]p5ts cov]$ ) gre5 fea!rs10 :i*1 f>!r on 9 ! ,qui*e "w1 are allud$ to z ,xpiyacoc & ,xmucane1 gods :o are g5]ally admitt$ to be ! same z ! ,mexican ,oxomoco & ,cipactonal1 :o1 aga91 are ei!r id5tical ) or closely connect$ ) ,tonacatecutli & 8 sp\se4 #dc ,quetzalcoatl1 too1 appe>s 9 ! ,popol ,vuh z ,gucumatz1 a kn[n ,qui*e equival5t or translation ( 8 "n1 = z 8w9d0 or 8brea?0 he 0 also ?\ght ( z 8_s0 or 8life10 & probably 8 fecundat+ efficacy z a wat]-be>+ god 0 also tak5 into consid]ation4 ,9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 9 ! ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 ,madrid1 is a passage :i* reads :5 translat$3 8,!y say t he made1 creat$1 & =m$ u ^: creatures we are1 ,topiltz9 ,quetzalcoatl1 & he made ! heav51 ! sun1 ! e>?40 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan or ,codex ,*imalpopca1 #dd too1 relates h[ ,quetzalcoatl creat$ ! f\r classes ( humanity1 ! m5 ( ! f\r 8suns0 or p]iods ( ! _w1 & h[ m5 7 made by him on ! day 8#g w9d10 &1 z we %all see1 ! "w ( creation 9 detail is allud$ to 9 ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas1 z effect$ by him & by ,tezcatlipoc4 ,la/ly1 we f9d 9 ! ,creative ,c\ncil ( ! ,qui*e heav51 ,hurakan1 :o is none o!r ?an ,tezcatlipoc1 a deity closely connect$ ) ,quetzalcoatl 9 at lea/ "o ,mexican creation my?4 ,,! 8,,ages0 ,,( ,,mexican ,,cosmogony ,hav+ ?us satisfi$ ourselves reg>d+ ! creative p]sonnel ( ! ,mexican pan!on1 & pres]v+ fur!r pro( ( ! con/ructive "* ( c]ta9 ( ^! deities until we come to discuss !m individually1 we may proce$ to exam9e su* my?s z tell ( ! =mation ( ! _w4 ,9 ! belief ( ! ,mexicans ! e>? 0 n de/9$ to receive its pres5t inhabitants1 al?\gh occupi$ by man-l be+s1 until x _h und]gone a s]ies ( cataclysms or p>tial de/ructions1 reg>d+ ! precise incid5ce & ev5 ! numb] ( :i* !re is a m>k$ diff]5ce ( op9ion on ! "p ( ! old] au?orities4 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus /ates t 89 ! fir/ age0 7or 8,sun10 z ^! p]iods 7 call$ by ! ,nahua ( ,mexico7 8wat] reign$ until at la/ x de/roy$ ! _w4444 ,?is age1 accord+ to _! computation1 la/$ #d1jjh ye>s1 & on ! occurr5ce ( t great deluge !y say t m5 7 *ang$ into fi%1 nam$ ,tlacami*91 :i* signifies m5-fi%40 #de ,! second age1 he tells u1 la/$ = #d1jaj ye>s & ! _w 0 end$ by ! =ce ( viol5t w9ds1 ! cata/rophe conclud+ by ! trans=mation ( m5 into apes4 ,! ?ird age endur$ = #d1hja ye>s & end$ 9 a univ]sal fire1 & 9 ! f\r?1 :i* occupi$ #e1jdb ye>s1 ! human race1 :i* _h nev] ceas$ to transmit a few survivors f "o ( ^! epo*s to ! next1 0 almo/ de/roy$ by fam9e4 ,9 8 ,hi/oria ,*i*imeca #df ,ixtlilxo*itl calls ! fir/ ( ^! epo*s ,atonatiuh 7,wat] ,sun71 9 :i* all m5 p]i%$ by a great inundation4 ,! second epo*1 ,tla*itonatiuh 7,e>? ,sun71 end$ ) viol5t e>?quakes4 ,9 ?is age liv$ gigantic be+s call$ ,qu9ames4 ,! ?ird epo* 0 ,ecatonatiuh1 or 8,sun ( ,w9d10 9 :i* edifices1 trees1 & m5 7 ne>ly all de/roy$ by hurricanes1 ^? :o rema9$ be+ *ang$ into creatures ( an intellig5ce s l[ z to be almo/ indi/+ui%able f monkeys4 #dg ,! ,texcucan *ronicl] does n furni% u ) ! "n ( ! pres5t age 9 8 ,hi/oria1 nor 9 8 ,relaciones1 #dh :]e1 h[ev]1 we receive full] in=mation reg>d+ ! fir/ ?ree epo*s1 :i* he succe$s 9 c>elessly transpos+1 giv+ ! ?ird ! second place4 ,cam>go #di w\ld almo/ appe> to h be5 indebt$ to ,ixtlilxo*itl = 8 v]sion ( ! creation my?1 b he seems to h be5 "u ! impression t only two ( ! epo*s 7 end$4 ,t ?ree pa/ cataclysms _h tak5 place & t f\r ages 9 all _h occurr$ is1 inde$1 ! mo/ g5]ally fav\r$ v]sion ( ! /ory1 b "s au?orities seem to h be5 ( ! op9ion t a my? 0 curr5t among ! ,mexican p :i* /at$ t no less ?an five epo*s _h tak5 place 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,gama1 ,gom>a1 & ,humboldt %>e ?is view1 & ,m5dieta is ( op9ion t five 8suns0 exi/$ be=e ! pres5t era1 all ( :i* 7 ( su* noxi\s "* t ! inhabitants ( ! e>? langui%$ & p]i%$ ?r\gh _! baneful influ5ce4 ,b we h m /able au?ority = ! sequ5ce ( ^! 8suns0 or epo*s4 ,x is probable t ?is cataclysmic !ory 0 9 vogue among ! ,nahua = g5]ations be=e x receiv$ a m or less def9ite =m1 &1 inde$1 ,veytia #ej & ,ixtlilxo*itl #ea /ate t ! numb] ( suns 0 agre$ ^u at a meet+ ( native a/ronom]s )9 traditional memory4 ,we are probably foll[+ ! (ficial v]sion ( ! my? if we accept t to :i* ! s-call$ cal5d>-/one ( ,mexico gives sculptur$ =m & :i* may be int]pret$ z foll[s3 ,:ile ! _w 0 /ill wrapp$ 9 primeval gloom1 ! god ,tezcatlipoc trans=m$ himself into ! sun4 ,?is epo*1 :i* 0 kn[n z ,naui ,ocelotl or 8,f\r ,jagu>10 end$ 9 ! de/ruction ( humanity & ! race ( giants :o !n inhabit$ ! e>? by fi]ce jagu>s4 ,quetzalcoatl became ! second sun1 & ! age ( ,naui ,eecatl or 8,f\r ,w9d0 end$ 9 viol5t hurricanes1 dur+ :i* m5 7 trans=m$ into monkeys4 ,tlaloc !n took ^u himself ! task ( provid+ ! _w ) light1 & 8 epo* ( ,naui ,quiauitl or 8,f\r ,ra90 came to an end by means ( a deluge ( fire4 ,! goddess ,*al*ihuitlicue repres5t$ ! sun ( ! age ,naui ,atl1 8,f\r ,wat]10 at ! end ( :i* !re desc5d$ a deluge 9 :i* m5 7 *ang$ into fi%es4 ,lat] !re appe>$ ! pres5t sun1 ,naui ,ol91 :i*1 x 0 believ$1 w\ld end 9 e>?quakes4 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,,! ,,e>? ,! second *apt] ( ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas1 a prcis ( ! op5+ *apt]s ( :i* is giv5 f>!r on1 /ates t ! gods 8creat$ a great fi% :i* is call$ ! ,cipactli1 :i* is l ! cayman alligator1 & ( ?is fi% !y made ! e>?40 ,! description ( ! e>?-mon/]1 z x appe>s 9 ! ,codices1 z an alligator or sword-fi% is1 h[ev]1 by no means conv9c+4 ,moreov]1 ! sculptur$ repres5tation ( ! e>?-mon/] 9 ,maya art1 especially 9 su* examples z t f ,copan1 is ess5tially dragon-l 9 =m1 & !re w\ld seem to be little difficulty 9 class+ ! ,cipactli z an e>?-dragon1 simil> 9 nature to ! cosmic mon/] ( ,*9ese art & my?ology4 ,! fact1 too1 t 9 ! native pa9t+s we frequ5tly obs]ve ! sun-god 9 ! act ( be+ swall[$ by ! ,cipactli /r5g!ns ! analogy ) ! ,*9ese example4 ,,! ,,peopl+ ,,( ,,! ,,e>? ,! precise mann] 9 :i* ! e>? 0 peopl$ by ! gods is also a subject conc]n+ :i* great v>iety ( op9ion is %[n by ! old] writ]s on ,mexican beliefs1 &1 z 9 ! case ( ! cosmogonic my? prop]1 ?is is probably to be acc\nt$ = by local v>iation4 ,m5dieta #eb is our au?ority = a conception :i* appe>s to h ga9$ wide curr5cy 9 _m p>ts ( ,mexico4 ,!re is good evid5ce t he 9 turn receiv$ x f ,&res de ,olmos1 a fri> ( great lit]>y integrity & l+ui/ic capability1 ^: writ+s we may reg>d ) cr$5ce & confid5ce4 ,! my? op5s 9 ! heav5ly abode ( ! gods ,citlalatonac & ,citlalicue1 :o 7 also kn[n z ,ometecutli & ,omecihuatl or ,tonacatecutli & ,tonacaciuatl1 & :om ! ,mexicans reg>d$ z ! ev5tual s\rces ( all human life4 ,! goddess gave bir? to a fl9t knife1 probably su* an implem5t z 0 employ$ = ! purpose ( human sacrifice4 ,! circum/ance appe>$ ( bad om5 to h] sons1 :o1 sc&aliz$ by x1 ca/ ! fl9t e>?w>ds4 ,x fell 9 ! vic9ity ( ,*icomoztoc1 ! ,place ( ,sev5 ,caves1 & imm$iately !re sprang f x an army ( sixte5 hundr$ gods1 :o1 discont5t$ ) _! condition1 dispat*$ ,tlotli1 ! ,hawk1 z an ambassador to ! heav5ly sph]e to ask z a boon t ! p[] ( creat+ m5 might be conf]r$ ^u !m1 z x 0 n fitt+ t be+s ( div9e orig9 %\ld suff] ! mis]ies ( e>?ly toil4 ,_! "m1 :o also seems to h be5 p]plex$ by ! mann] ( _! bir?1 repli$ 9 no v graci\s t]ms4 ,b 9 ord] to relieve _! wret*$ness1 %e direct$ !m to seek ! good (fices ( ,mictlantecutli1 ,"l ( ! ,realm ( ! ,dead1 f :om1 %e sugge/$1 !y might obta9 "s ( ! relics ( pa/ g5]ations1 :i*1 if subject$ to ! magical influ5ce ( sacrifice1 might provide ! beg9n+s ( a new e>?-race4 ,aft] consultation1 ! e>?-gods *ose ,xolotl #ec z _! mess5g] to ! place ( ! dead1 & aft] an int]view ) its t]rible rul]1 he succe$$ 9 obta9+ a bone ( sup]human dim5sions4 ,fe>ful ( trea*]y at ! h&s ( ,mictlantecutli1 ,xolotl turn$ to flee1 b 0 pursu$ &1 fall+ 9 8 flight1 broke 9 pieces ! preci\s relic he c>ri$4 ,^! he ha/ily ga!r$ up & succe$$ 9 quitt+ ! subt]ranean _w )\t mi%ap4 ,return+ to 8 bro!rs1 he plac$ ! bone 9 a vessel1 & ea* ( ! e>?-gods1 draw+ blood f 8 own body1 dropp$ x into ! receptacle4 ,= ?ree days no?+ occurr$ to ju/ify _! hopes2 b on ! f\r? ! gory mass /irr$1 & f its dep?s !re em]g$ a human boy4 ,satisfi$ ) ! exp]im5t1 ! gods repeat$ x1 & at ! end ( ano!r f\r days a girl arose f ! vessel4 ,xolotl 0 appo9t$ gu>dian to ! *ildr5 s miracul\sly creat$1 #ed & n\ri%$ !m ^u ! milk-l juice ( ! maguey plant4 ,!y ?rove apace1 & 9 c\rse ( "t became man & woman1 ! prog5itors ( ! entire human race1 :o diff] 9 bulk & /ature z ! pieces ( ! rescu$ bone v>i$ 9 size & %ape4 ,?us 7 born ,iztac ,mixcoatl ! fir/ man & ,ilanceuitl or ,ilamatecutli1 8 wife4 ,,creation ,,( ,,! ,,sun ,,& ,,moon ,^! de$s _h1 h[ev]1 pass$ 9 a _w ( d>kness1 = z yet ! sun _h n ris54 ,a c\ncil ( ! gods 0 assembl$ at ,teotihuacan1 a locality ( great sanctity1 & seat$ r\nd a c\ncil fire1 x consid]$ ! means by :i* ! lum9>y might be creat$4 ,x 0 resolv$ t he :o fir/ ca/ himself into ! fire %\ld be trans=m$ into ! sun4 ,! (f] 0 accept$ by ,nanahuatz91 :o 0 afflict$ ) a pa9ful disease1 _h !re=e f\nd life intol]able & did n dread ! trans=mation4 ,no?+ happ5$ = "s "t aft] 8 self-immolation1 & ! wait+ gods began to make wag]s ) "o ano!r reg>d+ ! place 9 ! heav5s :]e ! sun w\ld be likely to %[ itself4 ,none ( !m _h consid]$ x probable t x w\ld rise 9 ! ,ea/1 & :5 at la/ x became visible 9 t qu>t]1 x 0 z a /ation>y mass :i* direct$ su* scor*+ rays ^u !m t !y dispat*$ ! hawk mess5g] to reque/ x to dep>t4 ,:e!r or n ,nanahuatz9 9 8 rle ( ,sun-god 0 wro? ) 8 bro!rs = p]sonal reasons1 he repli$ t x 0 8 int5tion to de/roy !m utt]ly4 ,a great fe> seiz$ ^u "s1 :il/ o!rs grew angry & caught up _! weapons4 ,among ! latt] 0 ,citli1 :o fitt$ an arr[ to 8 b[ & fir$ at ! trans=m$ ,nanahuatz94 ,! sun-god avoid$ ! %aft4 ,he c\ld n1 h[ev]1 evade all ^? :i* foll[$1 b seiz+ "o1 ca/ x back at ,citli1 :om x transfix$ & slew4 ,fi]c] became ! heat1 until at l5g? ! gods c\ld tol]ate x no long]1 & felt t x behov$ !m to p]i% by ea* o!r's h&s r ?an by ! ignoble dea? ( suffocation4 ,!y agre$ t ,xolotl %\ld dispat* !m "o by "o1 cutt+ op5 _! brea/s1 & ?is holocau/ he und]took1 f9ally slay+ himself4 ,be=e p]i%+1 ! gods left _! raim5t to _! p]sonal s]vants1 ( :i* ea* reta9] made a bundle1 wrapp+ 8 ma/]'s clo?+ r\nd a /ick1 plac+ a small gre5 /one inside to s]ve z a he>t1 & nam+ x aft] ! god to :om x _h belong$4 ,olmos himself enc\nt]$ su* a relic 9 ,tlalmanalco1 exhibit+ evid5ces ( v consid]able age4 #ee ,on ! dea? ( ! gods ! sun began to move 9 ! heav5s1 & a god1 ,tecciztecatl1 :o _h hidd5 himself 9 a cav]n :5 ,nanahuatz9 leap$ into ! fire1 n[ em]g$ f 8 hid+-place & took ! =m ( ! moon4 ,! reta9]s c>ri$ ! bundles f place to place1 & "o ( !m1 ! s]vant ( ,tezcatlipoc1 com+ to ! sea-%ore1 _h a vision ( 8 deceas$ ma/]1 :o comm&$ him to betake himself to ! h\se ( ! sun & to br+ him s+]s & play]s ( in/rum5ts to assi/ 9 ! celebration ( a fe/ival4 ,to enable ! mess5g] to travel to ! ,sun-,h\se1 ! :ale1 ! sir51 & ! tortoise 7 ask$ to =m !mselves into a bridge :i* might rea* ! abode ( ! lum9>y4 ,! s]vant cross$ x1 s++ sweetly z he w5t1 & 8 song 0 he>d by ! ,sun1 :o /raitly comm&$ 8 reta9]s n to respond to x on be+ approa*$ by ! s+]4 ,?is "s ( !m fail$ to d1 & return+ ) ! mess5g]1 took ) !m ! necess>y in/rum5ts :]e) to celebrate ! fe/ival ( ,tezcatlipoc4 ,! p ( ,texcuco1 says ,olmos1 naturally plac$ ! occurr5ce ( ^! ev5ts )9 _! own b\nd>ies1 b !y add$ 7accord+ to a pictorial manuscript :i* !y %[$ ! fri>7 t ! ,sun %ot a d>t into ! gr\nd & at ?is spot ! fir/ man arose4 ,he 0 imp]fect1 be+ =m$ only f ! armpits upw>d4 ,he 0 foll[$ by a woman4 ,m5dieta suppresses ! rema9d] ( ! my? because ( its ,rabelaisian details1 b we may conclude t f ^! twa9 humanity 0 desc5d$4 ,sahagun's acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! sun & moon #ef diff]s some:at f ! =ego+ & is z foll[s3 ,! gods met at ,teotihuacan1 & ask$ "o ano!r3 8,:o w und]take ! task ( light+ ! _w80 to :i* "o god call$ ,tecciztecatl 7he :o 0 to become ! ,moon-god7 repli$3 8,t w ,i40 ,!y ca/ ab\t = /ill ano!r memb] ( ! pan!on to und]take ! duty4 ,at la/ !y fix$ ^u "o :o 0 afflict$ ) a t]rible disease :o at once agre$ to ! accompli%m5t ( _! desires4 ,dur+ f\r days ! gods prep>$ = ! occasion by acts ( p5it5ce1 !n !y k9dl$ a fire on a rock nam$ ,teotexcalli 7high place ( ! gods74 ,mean:ile ,tecciztecatl made (f]+s ( _m preci\s ?+s1 ri* fea!rs & gold5 ornam5ts4 ,! sp9es ) :i* ! gods c]emonially prick$ !mselves 7 l ! sp9es ( ! maguey1 b 7 made f preci\s /ones1 & ! copal !y us$ = inc5se 0 ( no common sort4 ,! victim1 :o 0 call$ ,nanahuatl1 (f]$ n9e gre5 re$s1 jo9$ ?ree & ?ree1 in/ead ( ! ord9>y bran*es & balls ( grass & sp9es ( ! maguey g5]ally employ$ = su* c]emonies1 & ^! he saturat$ ) 8 own blood4 ,9 place ( copal he (f]$ up ! scabs ( 8 sores4 ,! gods built a t[] = ea* ( ! two div9ities :o _h und]tak5 ! illum9ation ( ! _w1 & p]=m$ p5ance = f\r days & f\r nights4 ,!y !n /rew$ ! gr\nd ) ! bran*es1 fl[]s1 & o!r objects ( :i* !y _h made use dur+ t "t4 ,on ! night foll[+1 %ortly be=e midnight1 !y br\ght ,tecciztecatl 8 ornam5ts4 ,^! consi/$ ( a plumage call$ aztacomitl1 made ( h]ons' fea!rs1 & a jacket ( light /uff1 :il/ to ,nanahuatl !y gave a cr[n ( pap] call$ amatzontli 7pap] hair7 & a /ole & c9cture1 likewise ( pap]4 ,midnight hav+ arriv$1 all ! gods rang$ !mselves 9 ! place call$ ,teotexcalli1 :]e ! fire _h burn$ = f\r days4 ,!y arrang$ !mselves into two files1 "o on ei!r side ( ! fire1 & ,tecciztecatl 0 reque/$ to ca/ himself into ! burn+ mass4 ,t]rifi$ by ! int5se heat :i* he exp]i5c$ z he advanc$ t[>ds ! flames1 ! god recoil$2 aga9 & aga9 he essay$ to leap into ! fire1 b 8 c\rage fail$ him4 ,!n ! gods call$ ^u ,nanahuatl1 :o1 on be+ summon$1 imm$iately ca/ himself into ! blaz+ mass1 :]e he at once began to crackle 8l meat t roa/s40 ,tecciztecatl1 a%am$ ( 8 =m] conduct1 n[ foll[$ him into ! conflagration1 & x 0 said t ! eagle ent]$ ! flames at ! same "t1 :i* is ! reason assign$ = its d>k plumage4 ,! tig] or ocelot foll[$1 & 0 only p>tly burnt1 z is witness$ by its spots4 ,x is evid5t t ?is my? appli$ 9 "s mann] to ! ,aztec milit>y bro!rhoods ( quauhtli & ocelotl1 :o wore ! eagle & ocelot insignia respectively4 #eg ,! gods _h already wait$ "s "t to witness ! resurrection ( ,nanahuatl1 :5 !y beheld ! heav5s comm5ce to gr[ r$4 ,t]rifi$ at ! sight1 !y fell ^u _! knees & c\ld n compreh5d :5ce ! light _h aris54 ,! gl[ ( sunrise illum9at$ e po9t ( ! compass1 b _m fix$ _! gaze ^u ! ,ea/1 feel+ t 9 t direction ! lum9>y w\ld fir/ be sight$4 ,^? :o gaz$ ?i!r 7 ,quetzalcoatl 7also call$ ,eecatl71 ,totec1 & ,tezcatlipoc4 ,o!rs call$ ,mimixcoa 7 innum]able1 & !re 7 also pres5t f\r goddesses1 ,tiacapan1 ,teicu1 ,tlacoeua1 & ,xocoyotl4 ,:5 ! sun rose at l5g? he appe>$ v r$1 & no "o might look ^u him )\t be+ bl9d$ by 8 rays4 ,! moon appe>$ at ! same "t1 & gave =? light equal to t ( ! orb ( day4 ,b ! gods ?\ght x ill t ! moon %\ld be z bright z ! sun1 & !re=e "o ( !m took a rabbit & ca/ x at ! face ( ! moon1 s t x rema9$ !re to dim its spl5d\r4 ,al?\gh ! sun & moon 7 rais$ above ! e>?1 !y rema9$ /ation>y4 ,!y spoke mock+ly to _! er/:ile companions4 8,h[ n[10 !y said1 8d y wi% to rema9 9 mortal %ame8 ,die all ( y & conf] life ^u ! />s40 ,! w9d !n (f]$ to dis*>ge ! function ( immolat+ ! gods & slew !m "o by "o4 ,only ,xolotl refus$ to die1 & begg$ = life1 weep+ s sorely t 8 eyes dropp$ out4 ,:5 ^? :o 7 to make ! sacrifice laid hold ( him he fl$ & conceal$ himself 9 a field ( maize1 :]e he *ang$ himself into a /alk ( t plant hav+ two feet 7roots7 su* z ! peasants call xolotl4 ,b hav+ be5 recogniz$ among ! maize1 he took flight a second "t & hid himself among "s maguey plants1 :]e he *ang$ himself into ! d\ble maguey plant :i* is call$ mexolotl 7maguey ( ,xolotl74 ,on be+ discov]$ a ?ird "t he took flight once m & ?rew himself into ! wat]1 :]e he took ! =m ( a fi% call$ axolotl4 #eh ,b 9 ?is la/ disguise he 0 caught & kill$4 ,:5 ! gods _h be5 sla9 ! w9d comm5c$ to :i/le & bl[ ) viol5ce1 s t at l5g? ! burn+ globe ( ! sun began to drift ov] ! heav5s4 ,b ! moon /ill rema9$ at re/1 & 9 ?is mann] !y became sep>at$1 s t _! habit is to rise at diff]5t h\rs4 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 /ates t ! _w & all !re9 7 creat$ 9 sev5 days4 ,9 ! sign ,to*tli ! e>? 0 creat$1 ! firmam5t 0 erect$ 9 ,acatl1 animals came into be+ 9 ,tecpatl1 & man 0 made out ( du/ or a%es on ,ehecatl1 ! sev5? day1 b complet$ & p]fect$ by ,quetzalcoatl1 :o appe>s to h play$ ! "p ( a demiurgos z reg>ds ! human race4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ?is my? has be5 sophi/icat$1 or is a lat] inv5tion4 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan1 h[ev]1 su/a9s ! acc\nts ( ,olmos & ,sahagun reg>d+ ! creation ( ! sun & moon4 ,cam>go1 speak+ ( ! ,tlaxcaltec cosmology1 #ei says t ! ,indians did n believe t ! _w _h be5 creat$1 b t x _h be5 produc$ by *ance4 ,space1 accord+ to _! philosophy1 has always exi/$4 ,veytia #fj /ates t ! ,mexicans believ$ ! _w & man to h be5 creat$ by ,tloque ,nahuague 7,tonacatecutli74 ,botur9i cr$its ! creation to ! same fir/ cause1 & passages 9 ,sahagun lead u to believe t bo? ,tezcatlipoc & ,quetzalcoatl 7 reg>d$ z sub-creative spirits1 :o 7 ei!r p>tly or :olly responsible = ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]se4 ,clavig]o expressly /ates t ! =m] 0 8! s\l ( ! _w1 ! creator ( heav5 & e>? & "l ( all ?+s40 #fa ,m5dieta1 #fb a mu* old] au?ority1 gives x z 8 op9ion t ! mak+ & m\ld+ ( ! _w 0 ! h&iwork ( sev]al gods1 b especially ( ,tezcatlipoc1 ,uitzilopo*tli1 & an obscure deity1 ,ocelopu*tli1 :o equates ) ! ocelot allud$ to 9 ,sahagun's acc\nt4 ,sahagun1 x w be obs]v$1 disappo9ts u 9 8 acc\nt ( ! creation1 :i* he conf9es to ! details ( ! appe>ance ( ! sun & moon & is sil5t conc]n+ ! creation ( gods & m54 ,?is is /range :5 ! facilities he _h = ! collection ( my?s are consid]$1 b z a prie/1 x is evid5t t he is m int]e/$ 9 po9ts ( ritual ?an 9 religi\s n>rative1 :i*1 he evid5tly agrees ) ,curt9's ,fr5*-,canadian1 is to be reg>d$ z 8*ose d'absurde40 #fc ,ev5 al?\gh we possess ! sonor\s w>n+ ( ,prescott & ! objections ( o!rs to bias u aga9/ ,ixtlilxo*itl1 !re is little gr\nd = reg>d+ 8 v]sion ( ! ,mexican creation /ory z be+ o!r ?an he receiv$ x f s\rces :i* w\ld h be5 unspeakably preci\s _h he made bett] use ( !m z reg>ds o!r subjects4 ,reg>d+ ,ixtlilxo*itl's v]sion ( ! creation my?1 t ! creator ,tloque ,nahuague1 ! mak] ( ! planets1 br\ght into be+ a man & a woman f :om all human be+s are desc5d$1 we h no p>allel 9 ,mexican my?1 nor1 inde$1 9 ,am]ican my?1 if we accept t ( ! creation ( man curr5t 9 anci5t ,p]u1 & x is probable t1 s f> z 8 v]sion ( ! creation ( humanity is conc]n$1 ,ixtlilxo*itl _h enc\nt]$ a my? :i* 0 ei!r ( relatively late orig91 or _h aris5 out ( ! ideas eng5d]$ by contact ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 by no means to say t ,ixtlilxo*itl himself inv5t$ ! acc\nt4 #fd ,,! ,,hi/oria ,,de ,,los ,,mexicanos ,! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas is a manuscript ( su* importance to ! /udy ( ,nahua ,cosmogony t a %ort prcis ( its e>li] *apt]s may1 p]haps1 be f\nd ( value 9 ?is place4 8,tonacatecutli & 8 consort ,tonacaciuatl1 :o _h exi/$ f ! beg9n+1 resolv$ to und]take ! "w ( creation4 ,!y _h f\r sons1 ! elde/ ( :om 0 ,tlactlauque-,tezcatlipoc1 or ,camaxtli4 ,he 0 born ( a r$ col\r4 ,! second son1 ,yayanque-,tezcatlipoc1 0 great] & m p[]ful ?an ! re/4 ,he 0 born black4 ,! ?ird 0 ,quetzalcoatl or ,yacatecutli1 & ! f\r? ,omitecilt1 & = ano!r "n ,magueycoatl1 & ! ,mexicans call$ him ,o*ilobi 7,uitzilopo*tli71 = he 0 left-h&$ & 0 *ief god to ^? ( ,mexico1 & _! w>-god4 ,( ^! f\r1 ,tezcatlipoc 0 ! wise/1 0 9 all places1 & knew ! he>ts & ?\ghts ( ev]yone4 ,& = ?is he 0 call$ ,moyocoya1 8he :o is all-p[]ful1 & :o has all ^? ?+s )\t :i* no?+ c be40 ,uitzilopo*tli 0 born )\t fle%1 b ) bones1 #fe & 9 ?is /ate he rema9$ = six hundr$ ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t ! gods made no?+4 8,aft] six hundr$ ye>s ^! f\r god-l bro!rs 7 born1 & all came toge!r to ord] :at 0 to be & ! law t !y %\ld hold4 ,!y made a half-sun 9 ! mid/1 ! o!r lum9>ies great & small1 & a man & woman nam$ ,oxomuco & ,cipactonal1 comm&+ him to till ! e>? & h] to sp9 & weave4 ,f ^! 7 born ! maceguales or lab\r]s4 ,& to ,cipactonal ! gods gave c]ta9 gra9s ( maize t %e might keep !m & use !m = *>ms & riddles1 & s9ce t day wom5 h us$ !m = t purpose4 8,! gods !n gave ?is pair ! days ( ! cal5d> & divid$ !m into mon?s1 tw5ty days to ea* mon?1 & ?ree hundr$ & sixty days 9 ! ye>4 ,!n !y made ,mictlantecutli & ,mictecaciuatl1 man & wife1 to be ! gods ( ! inf]nal regions4 ,lat] !y made ! heav5s & space & ! wat]1 & !n a great fi% l ! cayman1 :i* is call$ cipactli1 f :i* !y %ap$ ! e>?4 ,9 ord] to create ! gods ( wat]1 all f\r gods jo9$ toge!r & made ,tlaloc & 8 wife ,*al*ihuitlicue4 8,^! gods ( wat] h _! place 9 ! f\r qu>t]s1 & 9 ! middle ( x 0 a great c\rt1 :]e !re 7 f\r tubs ( wat]4 ,"o wat] is v good1 & ?is ra9s :5 !y gr[ gra9 & :eat4 ,& ^! gods ( wat] h _m dw>fi% s]vants 9 ! said h\se1 & ^! h pit*]s1 ) :i* !y take ! wat] f ! tubs1 & /icks 9 ! o!r h&4 ,:5 ! gods ( wat] wi% !m to g to ! b\nd>ies1 !y take ! pit*]s & /icks & spr9kle ! wat] z !y are told4 ,& :5 x ?und]s1 !y crack ! pit*]s ) ! /icks1 & :5 x light5s !y break (f a portion ( ! pit*]4 8,all ! a=esaid ?+s _h be5 made & creat$ )\t tak+ any acc\nt ( ! ye>s1 & )\t respect ( "t4 ,! fir/ man & woman _h a son call$ ,piltz9tecutli1 :o desir$ a wife ) :om to live4 ,s ! gods made ( ! hairs ( ,xo*iquetzal a woman1 & ?us 0 ! fir/ m>riage made4 ,?is hav+ be5 done1 all ! f\r gods saw t ! half-sun :i* _h be5 creat$ gave b little light4 ,& !y saw t !y mu/ make ano!r half1 because ! exi/+ light 0 n able to illum9ate ! _w4444 ,!n ,tezcatlipoc became ! sun-be>]4 ,& ! gods creat$ ! giants1 :o 7 v great m5 & ( mu* /r5g?4444 ,& !y call$ ! age 9 :i* ,tezcatlipoc 0 ! sun ! age ( boa/+ & ( tig]s1 = ! giants gorg$ & ate & want$ = no?+4 ,& :5 ?irte5 times fifty & two ye>s 7 pass$1 ,quetzalcoatl 0 ! sun4 ,!n ,tezcatlipoc took a great /ick & /ruck ^u ! wat]1 & turn+ himself into a tig]1 w5t out to kill ! giants4 ,aft]w>ds he appe>$ 9 ! sky1 = !y said t ! ursa major sank 9 ! wat]1 because x is ,tezcatlipoc4444 ,dur+ ! "t ,quetzalcoatl 0 ! sun ano!r c\nt w5t on1 :i*1 hav+ end$1 ,tezcatlipoc ca/ out ,quetzalcoatl1 :o became ! w9d1 :i*1 :5 x blew on ! maceguales1 turn$ !m into monkeys & apes4 ,& !re 0 = sun ,tlaloc1 :i* la/$ ?ree hundr$ & sixty-f\r ye>s4444 ,dur+ ^! ye>s ,quetzalcoatl ra9$ fire on ! sun1 & !n creat$ z ! sun 8 wife ,*al*ihuitlicue4 ,%e 0 ! sun = ?ree hundr$ & twelve ye>s4 8,9 ! la/ ye> 9 :i* ,*al*ihuitlicue 0 ! sun1 x ra9$ s heavily t all ! maceguales 7 turn$ into fi%es4 ,& :5 x _h ceas$ to de/roy1 ! heav5s fell ^u ! e>? & ! great ra9 began1 ! :i* ye> 0 to*tli4 ,& ! gods ord]$ f\r roads to be made to ! middle ( ! e>? = !m1 & rais$ ! heav5s1 & to help !m 9 hold+ !m up !y creat$ f\r m51 call$ ,cotemuc1 ,yzcoadt1 ,yzmali1 & ,t5esu*i1 :o 7 creat$ by ,tezcatlipoc & ,quetzalcoatl4 ,!n !y made great trees1 ,tezcatlipoc "o :i* 0 call$ tazcaquavlt1 :i* is to say 8tree ( ! mirror10 & ,quetzalcoatl "o :i* 0 call$ quealhuesu*1 & ) ! help ( ! m5 !y _h made & ! trees ! gods held up ! heav5s & ! />s & made a road 9 ! sky4 8,aft] ! heav5s _h be5 rais$1 9 ! second ye> aft] ! flood1 :i* 0 acatl1 ,tezcatlipoc pron\nc$ 8 "n1 & !re appe>$ ! dumb ,mixcoatl1 #8,s]p5t ( ! ,cl\ds4' ,& !y pa9t him z a s]p5t4 ,& !y drew fire f fire-/icks1 :i* !y call$ he>t ( ! fire4 ,9 ! sev5? ye> aft] ! flood 0 born ,c9teotl1 ! fir/ son ( ! fir/ man1 :o 0 a god1 & 8 wife a goddess1 & he 0 made ( ! hairs ( ! "m goddess1 & x 0 said t he 0 n able to die4 ,& 9 ! eigh? ye> aft] ! flood ! gods creat$ ! maceguales1 l ^? t 7 be=e4 ,:5 ! fir/ ?ree ye>s ( ?is gr\p ( ye>s _h pass$1 9 ! fir/ ( ! next gr\p all ! f\r gods came toge!r1 & said t because ! e>? _h no light1 & 0 d>k1 & t because !re 0 no fire1 !y w\ld make a sun :i* w\ld give light to ! e>?1 & :i* w\ld eat he>ts & dr9k blood4 ,9 ord] to d ?is !y made w>1 by :i* !y 7 able to procure he>ts & blood4 ,9 ?is "t ,tezcatlipoc made f\r hundr$ m5 & a hundr$ wom51 & on ^! ! sun liv$4 ,9 ! t5? ye>1 ,su*ic>1 ! fir/ wife ( ,piltz9tecutli1 ! son ( ! fir/ man1 0 kill$ 9 ! w>1 & 0 ! fir/ s to die40 ,if we se>* = a common factor among ^! conflict+ ideas1 we w1 inde$1 f9d ! task "o ( difficulty4 ,! nature ( ! s\rces f :i* we obta9 !m does n p]mit u to arrange !m *ronologically1 & all t we c f\nd ^u 9 ?is respect is _! subject-matt]1 :i* _c enlight5 u mu*4 ,z has be5 said1 we are probably on safe gr\nd if we accept ! v]sion ( ! sev]al ages hypo!tically conta9$ 9 ! s-call$ ,cal5d> ,/one ( ,mexico4 ,! circum/ance1 too1 t ! sun & moon my?1 z relat$ by ,olmos1 agrees = ! mo/ "p ) ! v]sion ( ,sahagun1 p]mits u to reg>d x z a well-recogniz$ belief4 ,nor c ! v>iant my? reg>d+ ! creation ( mank9d1 :i* is briefly describ$ 9 an annotation1 %ake our confid5ce 9 ! cr$ibility ( ,olmos1 z x obvi\sly diff]s m 9 ! names ( ! actors 9 ! drama ( creation ?an 9 ! circum/ances1 :i* are almo/ id5tical4 ,b if x is impossible to v]ify /rictly ! place ( orig9 ( ! ,olmos my?1 al?\gh ,texcuco 0 claim$ z its home1 x is p]missible to indicate ! univ]sal "* ( t portion ( x :i* deals ) ! creation ( ! heav5ly bodies1 f its simil>ity to ! analog\s passage 9 ,sahagun's r5d]+1 :i* proves t t "p ( x at lea/ mu/ h be5 m or less widely dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ,mexico4 ,we "k t aft] ! collection ( data 9 any di/rict x 0 8 cu/om to submit !m to exp]ts 9 o!r & di/ant p>ts ( ! c\ntry = comp>ison & v]ification4 ,we may ?us be ju/ifi$ 9 class+ ! ,cal5d>-/one v]sion ( ! _w's ages & ! ,sahagun portion ( ! creation my? ( ! lum9>ies ( ! la/ age z among ! /&>d beliefs ( ,mexican !ology4 ,x foll[s f ,sahagun's g5]al agreem5t ) ! ,olmos-,m5dieta acc\nt t ! portion ( t v]sion :i* he does n treat ( mu/ naturally be )9 reasonable di/ance ( exactitude4 ,! circum/ance t bo? ( ^! acc\nts relate ! self-immolation ( ! gods by ! sacrificial me?od ( hav+ _! brea/s op5$1 seems to prove t ! my? 0 no old] ?an ! in/itution ( human sacrifice1 :i* we are p]haps correct 9 reg>d+ z ( no v great antiquity1 al?\gh argum5ts ( suffici5t cog5cy might be br\ght aga9/ ?is view4 ,,deluge ,,my?s ,z ,mexican my?s ( ! creation diff]1 s d ^? conc]n+ ! great deluge :i* at "o p]iod 0 suppos$ to h ov]:elm$ ! e>?4 ,z we h se51 my?s :i* are conc]n$ ) ! sev]al ages ( ! e>? dwell ^u su* an ev5t1 b sep>ate my?s exi/ :i* also tell ( a great flood :i* is almo/ c]ta9ly to be id5tifi$ ) ! 8,wat]-sun40 ,! goddess ,*al*ihuitlicue 7! goddess ( wat]71 says "o ( ! int]pret]s ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis1 8sav$ h]self 9 ! deluge40 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a4 relates t3 8,mo/ ( ! old p ( ,mexico say t a s+le man & a s+le woman escap$ f ?is deluge1 f :om1 9 c\rse ( "t1 mank9d multipli$4 ,! tree 9 :i* !y sav$ !mselves 0 call$ ,ahuehuete 7! fir-tree71 & !y say t ?is deluge happ5$ 9 ! t5? sign1 accord+ to _! computation1 :i* !y repres5t$ by wat]1 :i* on acc\nt ( its cle>ness !y place 9 _! cal5d>4 ,!y say t dur+ ! fir/ age m5 ate no bread1 b only a c]ta9 k9d ( wild maize1 :i* !y call$ atzitziutli4 ,!y "n ?is fir/ age coniztal1 :i* signifies ! :ite head2 o!rs say t n only did ^! two :o 7 pres]v$ 9 ! tree escape1 b t sev5 o!rs rema9$ hidd5 9 a c]ta9 cave1 & t ! deluge hav+ pass$ away1 !y came =? & re/or$ ! population ( ! e>?1 disp]s+ !mselves ov] x3 & t _! desc5dants 9 c\rse ( "t wor%ipp$ !m z gods1 ea* 9 8 own nation40 ,a simil> my? 9 ! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan or ,codex ,*imalpopoca1 is also wor?y ( quotation4 8,& ?is ye> 0 t ( ,ce-calli1 & on ! fir/ day all 0 lo/4 ,! m\nta9 itself 0 subm]g$ 9 ! wat] & ! wat] rema9$ tranquil = fifty-two spr+s4 8,n[ t[>d ! close ( ! ye>1 ,titlacahuan 7,tezcatlipoc7 _h =ew>n$ ! man nam$ ,nata & 8 wife ,n5a1 say+3 #8,make no m pulque1 b /raightway holl[ out a l>ge cypress1 & ent] x :5 9 ! mon? ( ,tozoztli ! wat] %all approa* ! sky4' ,!y ent]$ x1 & :5 ,titlacahuan _h clos$ ! door he said3 #8,?\ %alt eat b a s+le e> ( maize & ?y wife b "o also4' 8,z soon z !y _h f9i%$ eat+1 !y w5t =? & ! wat] 0 tranquil2 = ! log did n move any m2 & op5+ x !y saw _m fi%4 8,!n !y built a fire1 rubb+ toge!r pieces ( wood1 & !y roa/$ fi%4 ,! gods ,citlall9icuc & ,citlallatonac1 look+ bel[1 exclaim$3 #8,div9e ,"l1 :at means t fire bel[8 ,:y d !y ?us smoke ! heav5s8' 8,/raightway desc5d$ ,titlacahuan ,tezcatlipoc & comm5c$ to scold1 say+3 #8,:at is ?is fire do+ "h8' ,& seiz+ ! fi%es he m\ld$ _! h9d] p>ts & *ang$ _! heads1 & !y 7 at once trans=m$ into dogs40 #ff ,,! 8,,coxcox0 ,,fallacy ,x is unnecess>y 9 ?is place to deal at any l5g? ) ! q artificial my? giv5 by ,sigu5za & ,clavig]o1 bas$ on a mi/ak5 int]pretation ( c]ta9 ,mexican pa9t+s4 ,briefly1 !y /ate t ,coxcox1 8! ,mexican ,noah10 & 8 sp\se ,xo*iquetzal escap$ f ! deluge 9 a boat :i* gr\nd$ on ! peak ( ,colhuacan3 8! ,ar>at ( ,mexico40 ,dumb *ildr5 7 born to !m1 :o receiv$ innum]able languages f a polyglot dove4 ,g>cia y ,cubas publi%$ 9 8 ,atlas ,geografico a lett] f ,ramirez 7,april #aheh7 9 :i* ! !n cons]vator ( ! ,national ,museum ( ,mexico %[$ ! fallacy ( ,sigu5za's int]pretation & prov$ t ! pictures 9 "q ref]r$ to ! w&]+s ( ! ,aztecs 9 ! ,valley ( ,mexico4 ,a flood my? :i* has = its h]o "o ( ! giants :o 7 suppos$ to inhabit ! e>? 9 ! fir/ age 7or r ! fir/ age accord+ to ! v]sion :i* is support$ by ! ,cal5d>-/one71 /ates t ,xelhua1 ! giant 9 "q1 escap$ ! deluge by asc5d+ ! m\nta9 ( ,tlaloc 9 ! t]re/rial p>adise1 & aft]w>ds built ! pyramid ( ,*olula4 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says ( ?is /ory3 8,9 ?is fir/ age giants exi/$ 9 t c\ntry4444 ,!y relate ( "o ( ! sev5 :om !y m5tion z hav+ escap$ f ! deluge1 t1 ! e>? becom+ popul\s1 he w5t to ,*ululan & !re began to build a t[] :i* is t ( :i* ! brick base is /ill visible4 ,! "n ( t *ief 0 ,xelhua2 he built x 9 ord] t %\ld a deluge come aga9 he might escape to x4 ,its base is #a1hjj feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,:5 x _h already rea*$ a great height lightn+ f heav5 fell & de/roy$ x4 ,^? ,indians :o 7 "u t *ief :o _h escap$ f ! deluge1 nam$ ,xelhua1 made bricks out ( a m\nta9 9 ,tlalamanalco call$ ,cocotle1 & f ,tlalamanalco to ,*ulula ,indians 7 plac$ to pass ! bricks & cem5t f h& to h&3 & ?us !y built ?is t[]1 t 0 nam$ ,tulan ,*ulula1 :i* 0 s high t x appe>$ to rea* heav54 ,& be+ cont5t1 s9ce x seem$ to !m t !y _h a place to escape f ! deluge if x %\ld aga9 happ51 & f :5ce !y might asc5d into heav5--a *alcuitl1 :i* is a preci\s /one1 fell f !nce & /ruck x to ! gr\nd4 ,o!rs say t ! *alcuitl 0 9 ! %ape ( a toad2 & t :il/ de/roy+ ! t[] x reprim&$ !m1 inquir+ ( !m _! reason = wi%+ to asc5d into heav51 s9ce x 0 suffici5t = !m to see :at 0 on ! e>?4 ,! base ( ! t[] is at ! pres5t day /ill rema9+ & its circumf]5ce is #a1hjj feet40 ,?is my? has equival5ts 9 ! ,h9doo /ory ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,hanuman1 k+ ( ! monkeys1 built a bridge f ,india to ,ceylon1 & 9 ,scotti% leg5d1 :]e ,cor/orph9e ,*ur*1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 is ! sc5e ( ! build+1 ! /ones be+ pass$ on f h& to h& by ! 8,picts0 f ,ravel/on ,qu>ry1 "s consid]able di/ance away4 ,b x be>s a m /rik+ resemblance to ! /ory ( ! t[] ( ,babel1 ! "w ( ano!r be+ ( gigantic orig9--,nimrod4 ,xelhua 0 ! my?ical ance/or ( ! p ( ,tehuacan1 & ,teotitlan del ,cam9o4 ,x may be t 8 my? has be5 sophi/icat$ by ! prie/ly writ]s :o set x d[n1 & 9 any case x seems to be tiological or explanatory ( ! ,pyramid ( ,*olula4 ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,gods ,9 ! lit]ature ( anci5t ,mexican my?ology we f9d p]si/5t ve/igial notices ( a fall ( ! gods1 or r ( c]ta9 deities f 8heav540 ,?us 9 ! int]pretation ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis we f9d a div9e locality call$ ,tamoan*an describ$ z ! 8mansion0 f :i* !y fell1 & 8:]e !y ga!r$ roses40 ,! same p>agraph #fg relates t ,tamoan*an 8is ! place :]e ^! gods 7 creat$ :om !y fe>$3 x signifies ! ,t]re/rial ,p>adise1 & accord+ly !y relate t ^? gods be+ 9 t place transgress$ by pluck+ roses & bran*es f ! trees1 & t on ?is acc\nt ,tonacatecutli & 8 wife1 ,tonacacigua1 became highly inc5s$1 & ca/ !m out ( t place1 & t "s ( !m came to e>? & o!rs w5t to hell40 ,"o ( ^!1 ! div9ity mo/ frequ5tly associat$ by ! ,codices ) ?is ev5t1 ,ixnextli1 is spok5 ( 9 ! same "w #fh z 8,eve1 always weep+ & look+ at h] husb& ,adam4 ,%e is call$ ,ixnextli1 :i* signifies #8,eyes bl9d ) a%es1' & ?is ref]s to ! "t subsequ5t to h] s9n+ by pluck+ ! roses40 ,9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis 7,plate ,,vii1 ,k+sbor\gh7 %e is associat$ ) a god ,ueuecoyotl & is repres5t$ z kneel+ on a *air ) head av]t$4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! "n giv5 h] "h1 & :i* is supplem5t$ by ! "n ,xo*iquetzal1 is t ( a v>iant ( ! latt]1 :o is ! goddess ( fl[]s4 ,9 8 int]pretation ( ?is goddess 9 8 "w on ! ,aub9-,g\pil tonalamatl 7pp4 #aah-aai7 ,sel] gives x z 8 op9ion t ! insignia ( ! goddess ,tonacaciuatl1 consort ( ! creative deity ,tonacatecutli1 is id5tical ) t ( ,xo*iquetzal1 & proce$s to say t ?is /rongly sugge/s 8t ! home ( ! cosmogonic speculations embodi$ 9 ! names ( ,tonacatecutli & ,tonacaciuatl 0 to be s\ght 9 ! region :]e dwelt ! goddess ,xo*iquetzal1 & ?is 0 assur$ly n ,mexico prop]1 b appe>s to h be5 ! gr\p :i* 9 "o place is compris$ by ,torquemada "u ! "n ,*almeca1 ,olmeca1 ,xicalanca1 ,tepaneca1 ,xo*imilca1 & ,tlalhuica4 ,"h by ,*almeca are to be und]/ood ! dwell]s ab\t ! volcano1 & by ,olmeca1 ,xicalanca1 ! aborig9es ( ! ,tlaxcallan di/rict4444 ,orig9ally ! goddess ,xo*iquetzal is p]haps no?+ m ?an ! deity ( "o ( ^? m\nta9s f :i* ! life-giv+ wat]s fl[ d[n f ! fields40 ,x is easy to believe t ,xo*iquetzal is a v>iant ( ,tonacaciuatl2 b x is n necess>y to inf] !refrom t ! ,olmec-,tlaxcaltec v]sion ( ! my? relat+ to h] ) its cosmogonic speculations 0 prior 9 orig9 to t :i* f\nd acceptance at ,mexico1 ev5 al?\gh ! ,olmecs 7 reg>d$ z an old] race4 ,tonacatecutli & 8 consort 7 believ$ to be ,toltec deities1 & _h ?us a great] antiquity beh9d !m ?an ,olmec my? c\ld inve/ !m )4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,a tells mu* ! same /ory reg>d+ ,ixnextli & 0 probably inspir$ f ! same s\rce4 ,,mexican ,,conceptions ,,( ,,! ,,univ]se ,no def9ite acc\nt ( ! ,mexican conception ( ! univ]se has come d[n to u1 b we are probably f\nd+ correctly if we accept ! ,maya belief z closely approximat+ to t 9 g5]al curr5cy 9 ,mexico4 ,an exam9ation ( ! c5tral design 9 ! ,maya ,book ( ,*ilan ,balam ( ,mani1 giv5 9 ,cogolludo's ,hi/ory ( ,yucatan 7#afdj71 %[s ! e>? z a cubical block1 by :i* t]m x is practically describ$ 9 ! ,popol ,vuh 78! quadrat$ ca/le1 f\r-po9t$1 f\r-sid$1 f\r-bord]$074 ,?is ! ,maya describ$ z tem 78! alt>071 t is1 ! alt> ( ! gods1 ! (f]+ ^u :i* 0 life4 ,above ?is cube on f\r legs is ! cele/ial vase 7cum7 conta9+ ! heav5ly wat]s1 ra9s1 & %[]s1 ^u :i* all life dep5ds4 ,above x hang ! ra9-cl\ds :i* fill x & f x spr+s ! vax *e1 or ,tree ( ,life1 ) outspread bran*es4 ,a simil> illu/ration f ! ,codex ,cortesiano1 #fi a ,maya ,,ms4 :i* has be5 describ$ z ! 8,tableau ( ! ,bacabs0 or heav5ly support]s1 %[s ! ,tree ( ,life1 ! ,cele/ial ,vase1 & ! cl\d masses4 ,b5ea? ! tree are se5 ! two creative deities1 & ! :ole design is surr\nd$ by ! tw5ty day-signs4 ,,! ,,five ,,regions ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,! ,mexicans divid$ ! univ]se into five regions4 ,! locus classicus = ! repres5tatives ( ! gods :o preside ov] ^! regions is ! fir/ %eet ( ! ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4 ,! ,fire-god occupies ! c5tre ( ! picture1 = j z fire occupies a space 9 ! middle ( ! primitive hut1 s does ,xiuhtecutli ma9ta9 ! c5tral position 9 ! univ]sal disposition ( ?+s4 ,f him f\r /reams ( sacrificial blood radiate 9 ! direction ( ! f\r c>d9al po9ts1 ea/1 nor?1 we/1 s\?1 #gj :i* are situat$ at ea* corn] ( ! picture1 = he rules ov] all z well z ov] ! c5tre1 :i* is kn[n z ,tlalxicco4 ,^! b&s ( blood end 9 ! f\r day-signs--acatl1 tecpatl1 calli1 & to*tli1 f :i* alone ! ye>s ( ! 8cal5d>0 or tonalamatl c\ld be nam$1 & :i* respectively agree ) ! c>d9al po9ts not$ above4 ,! f\r sides ( ! squ>e are also associat$ ) ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! univ]se4 ,?us ! top squ>e 9 ! picture repres5ts ,tlapcopa1 ,region ( ! ,dawn 7! ,ea/71 ! "r-h& side ,uitznauac1 ,place ( ,?orns 7! ,s\?71 ! bottom ,ciutlampa1 ,region ( ,wom5 7! ,we/71 & ! left-h& side ,mictlampa1 ,place ( ! ,dead 7! ,nor?74 ,)9 ^! squ>es are se5 f\r species ( trees1 belong+ to ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass4 ,!y resemble ! trees se5 9 %eet #di ( ,codex ,borgia & %eet #ag ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 f ! fir/ ( :i* codices !y c be m cle>ly describ$4 ,! ,tree ( ! ,ea/ is repres5t$ z a highly conv5tionaliz$ tree hav+ two b\ghs1 ea* ) f\r bran*es :i* end 9 ! *al*ihuitl 7gre5/one7 symbol4 ,r\nd bran*es are twi/$ two ropes1 gre5 & blue 9 col\r1 set ) gold5 bells4 ,a quetzal bird p]*es ^u ! top & ! trunk is decorat$ ) ! symbol = w>1 = ! spirits ( ! sacrific$ w>riors 7 believ$ to dwell 9 ! ea/]n heav5s1 :]e ! sun rose4 ,! tree spr+s f ! body ( ! ,e>?-goddess1 & ! ornam5ts borne by x are symbolic ( ! ri* & fruitful "* ( ! ,ori5t4 ,! ,tree ( ! ,nor?4--,?is tree is pa9t$ half-gre51 half-blue1 b is set ) ?orns 9 e "p4 ,b&s ( blood & d>kness issue f ! body ( ! ,e>?-goddess1 9 :i* x has its root1 & ^! w9d ar\nd its b\ghs4 ,! eagle /&s ^u ! top1 ea* ( its plumes bri/l+ ) a sacrificial /one knife4 ,! ,tree ( ! ,we/4--,?is has a yell[ />1 & be>s ! magic bloom at ! end ( ea* bran*4 ,x is surm\nt$ by ! humm+-bird1 & its trunk is dott$ ) ! /ell> eye1 9 ?is case ! ev5+ />4 ,! ,tree ( ! ,s\?4--,?is1 too1 is ?orny1 b pa9t$ r$1 & ! trunk is spr9kl$ ) symbols recall+ t ( ! 8spok5 ^w0 :i* 9 ! ,codices is frequ5tly se5 issu+ f ! m\?s ( gods & m54 ,x may symbolize smoke or fire1 ?us allud+ to ! fi]y nature ( ! region to :i* ! tree belongs4 ,a cl\d ( d>kness & a /ream ( blood w9d ar\nd ! /em4 ,x is surm\nt$ by ! ar>a bird4 ,^! f\r trees h p>allels 9 ,maya my?ology1 z1 = example1 on ! alt>-pieces ( ! cross f ,pal5que 7,temple ,,ii7 & else:]e4 ,! gods gov]n+ ! five regions ( ! univ]se are #ga3 ,c5tre--,xiuhtecutli4 ,ea/--,mixcoatl & ,tlaloc4 ,nor?--,itztli & ,xo*ipilli4 ,we/--,iztac ,mixcoatl & ,quetzalcoatl4 ,s\?--,macuilxo*itl & ,xipe4 ,we f9d f an exam9ation ( ! codices t ! ,mexicans believ$ t ! 8_w0 or univ]se 0 divid$ into3 ,tlalxicco1 ! c5tre or 8navel0 ( ! ,e>?4 ,tlapcopa1 8! region ( ! ,dawn0 7! ,ea/74 ,uitznauac1 8,place ( ,?orns0 7! ,s\?74 ,ciuatlampa1 8,region ( ,wom50 7! ,we/74 ,mictlampa1 8,place ( ! ,dead0 7! ,nor?74 ,^! sev]al regions dem& a brief description4 ,tlalxicco 0 ! d>k int]ior ( ! e>?1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be inhabit$ by an animal-head$ god or demon1 resembl+ a badg]1 to :om no "n has z yet be5 appli$1 b :o seems to possess aff9ities ) sorc]y & ! d>k] arts4 ,a good repres5tation ( him is to be f\nd on %eet #i ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4 ,tlapcopa1 ! ,ea/1 or 8,region ( ! ,dawn10 0 reg>d$ z a region ( prosp]ity1 f]tility1 & abundant food-supplies4 ,x 0 ! h\se ( ! ,sun1 ! region :]e sacrific$ w>riors dwelt 9 bliss1 & w be fur!r describ$ :5 we come to deal ) ! subject ( 8heav5 & hell40 ,uitznauac or ,uitzlampa1 8,region ( ,?orns0 7! ,s\?71 01 z its "n impli$1 a place ( r evil om51 = x 0 sometimes ?\ght ( z inhabit$ by ,mictlan1 ,"l ( ! ,dead4 ,! ,mexicans1 dwell+ 9 a plateau c\ntry :]e climatic conditions 7 temp]ate1 probably reg>d$ ! tropics to ! s\? z a region fatal to heal?1 & g5]ally insalubri\s 9 "*4 ,ciuatlampa1 8,region ( ,wom50 7! ,we/71 0 ! place to :i* ^? wom5 :o di$ 9 _! fir/ *ildb$ 7,civapipilt9 or ,ciuatete7 w5t aft] dea?1 & z su* falls to be describ$ 9 ! section on 8heav5 & hell40 ,b x 0 also ! home ( ! maize-plant1 & ( ! deities produc+ x1 & also ( ! ,gods ( ,procreation4 ,x 0 ! ,region ( ! ,ev5+ ,/>1 ,tlauizcalpantecutli1 ! planet ,v5us4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eets #dc-df7 we seem to see a subdivision ( ! ,we/]n region into ,nor?1 ,s\?1 & ,we/4 ,?is region may also be collat$ ) ,tamoan*an1 ! p>adisaical l& ( abundant maize1 :]e ! maize goddess ,tlazolteotl gave bir? to h] son ,c5teotl4 ,mictlampa1 8,region ( ! ,dead10 also falls to be notic$ 9 ! section on 8heav5 & hell40 ,symbolically x is ! region ( dr\ght4 ,,! ,,support]s ,,( ,,! ,,heav5s ,j z we ga9 light ^u ! subject ( ! ,mexican idea ( ! univ]se f ,maya s\rces1 s d we f9d a simil> correspond5ce 9 ! beliefs ( ! two races z reg>ds ! conception t ! heav5s 7 support$ by c]ta9 deities4 ,?us ! ,maya believ$ t ! heav5s 7 upheld by f\r gods call$ ,bacabs1 & we f9d pictures 9 ! ,mexican ,codices :i* depict c]ta9 deities uphold+ bo? ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,on %eets #di-eb ( ,codex ,borgia 7upp] half7 are se5 ! gods ( ! f\r qu>t]s & ! f\r support]s ( ! sky1 :i* la/ are ,tlauizcalpantecutli1 ! ,sun-god1 ,quetzalcoatl1 & ,mictlantecutli4 ,on %eets #ai-bc ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,b ! f\r uphold]s ( ! heav5s are giv5 z ,tlauizcalpantecutli1 ,uitzilopo*tli1 ,quetzalcoatl1 & ,mictlantecutli1 & ! f\r t]re/rial gods z ,xipe ,totec1 ,mictlantecutli1 ,xo*ipilli1 & ,c5teotl4 ,! fir/ f\r are %[n uphold+ ! />ry firmam5t1 s t we are left 9 no d\bt z reg>ds ! exi/5ce ( su* a conception z ! support ( ! heav5s by c]ta9 gods4 ,! close correspond5ce betwe5 ! p]sonnel ( ! sky-be>]s 9 ! two ,,mss4 proves a fairly univ]sal acceptance ( ! belief1 especially z ,xipe ,totec1 & ,tonatiuh ! ,sun-god h mu* 9 common4 #gb ,,! ,,aztec ,,heav5s ,accord+ to anci5t ,mexican belief v>i\s de/9ations await$ ! dead4 ,w>riors sla9 9 battle repair$ to ! region ( ! sun1 :]e !y dwelt 9 bliss ) ! deity :o presid$ ov] t lum9>y4 ,sacrific$ captives also f>$ !nce4 ,^! foll[$ ! sun 9 8 daily c\rse1 cry+ al\d & beat+ ^u _! %ields1 & fight+ %am battles4 8,x is also said10 writes ,sahagun 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,affairs ( ,new ,spa9 7,app5dix to bk4 iii1 *4 #c71 8t 9 ?is heav5 are trees & =e/s ( div]s sorts4 ,! (f]+s :i* ! liv+ ( ?is _w make to ! dead duly arrive at _! de/9ation1 & are receiv$ 9 ?is heav54 ,aft] f\r ye>s ( soj\rn 9 t place ! s\ls ( ! dead are *ang$ into div]s species ( birds hav+ ri* plumage ( ! mo/ brilliant col\rs40 ,^! 7 kn[n z tz9tzonme #gc 78little bird :i* flies f place to place071 & !y flitt$ f blossom to blossom on e>? z well z 9 heav51 suck+ ! ri* fragrance f ! tropical blooms ( ! deep ,valleys ( ,anahuac4 ,?is region is ! ,ciutlampa1 & p]haps ! ,tamoan*an allud$ to above4 ,tlalocan4--,an ev5 m mat]ial p>adise 0 presid$ ov] by ! wat]-god or deity ( moi/ure1 ,tlaloc4 ,sahagun calls ?is a 8t]re/rial p>adise10 8:]e !y feign t !re is surfeit ( pleasure & refre%m5t1 void1 = a space1 ( torm5t40 ,9 t delectable region !re is pl5te\sness ( gre5 maize1 ( calaba%es1 pepp]1 tomatoes1 h>icots1 & x is fulfill$ ) v>iegat$ blossoms4 ,!re dwell ! god ,tlaloc & 8 foll[]s4 ,! p]sons :o ga9 admittance to ?is p>adise are ^? :o h be5 sla9 by lightn+ or ?und]bolt1 ! lepr\s & ! dropsical--^? ^: dea?s h 9 any way be5 caus$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( wat]--= ,tlaloc is god ( t elem5t4 ,exi/5ce !re is p]petual4 ,! p>adise ( ,tlaloc 0 situat$ 9 ! ea/ 9 a climate ( et]nal summ]4 ,homeyoca4--,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a /ates t ! abode ( ! ,creator ( ! ,univ]se1 ,tonacatecutli1 0 ,homeyoca or ,homeiocan1 8place ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity40 ,! etymology is vague1 b w\ld appe> to apply to duality r ?an tr9ity1 a sugge/ion :i* is buttress$ by ! &rogyn\s "* ( ! creative deities4 ,9 an accompany+ picture he po9ts out ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( ?is heav5 z 8! ,r$ ,heav510 8! ,yell[ ,heav510 8! ,:ite ,heav540 ,"y *ildr51 he says1 w5t to a specific p>adise1 b x 0 ?\ght t !y w\ld return to re-p ! _w aft] ! ?ird de/ruction4 ,!y 7 n\ri%$ by a milk-giv+ tree r\nd :i* !y 7 seat$1 gett+ suck f ! bran*es4 ,b we h glimpses "h & !re 9 ,aztec lit]ature ( a mu* m elaborate s]ies ( heav5s1 ?irte5 9 numb]4 ,! fir/ conta9$ c]ta9 planets1 ! second 0 ! home ( ! ,tzitzimim1 :o includ$ _m ( ! great gods1 ! ?ird t ( ! ,c5tzon ,mimixcoa1 or />-w>riors1 :o 7 _m-col\r$--yell[1 black1 :ite1 r$1 blue--& provid$ ! sun ) food 9 ! %ape ( blood4 ,! f\r? 0 inhabit$ by birds1 ! fif? by fire-snakes 7p]haps comets71 ! six? 0 ! home ( ! w9ds1 ! sev5? h>b\r$ du/1 & 9 ! eigh? dwelt ! gods4 ,! rema9d] 7 plac$ at ! disposal ( ! high primal & creative gods ,tonacatecutli & 8 sp\se ,tonacaciuatl1 ^: abode prop] 0 9 ! ?irte5? & highe/ heav54 #gd ,,mictlampa ,,z ,,hades ,! ,hades ( ! ,aztec race 0 ,mictlampa1 presid$ ov] by ,mictlantecutli 7,"l ( ,mictlampa7 & 8 sp\se 7,mictecaciuatl74 ,! s\ls ( ! defunct :o f>$ ?i!r 7 ^? :o di$ ( disease1 *iefs1 great p]sonages1 or humbl] folk4 ,on ! day ( dea? ! prie/ h>angu$ ! deceas$1 tell+ him t he 0 ab\t to g to a region 8:]e !re is nei!r light nor w9d[10 & :]e all 0 %ad[1 a v]itable l& ( gloom1 ! passage to :i* sw>m$ ) grisly =ms inimical to ! s\l4 ,x 0 a va/1 trackless1 & gloomy des]t1 hav+ n9e divisions1 ( :i* ! la/1 ,*iconahuimictlan1 0 ! abode ( ! "l ( ! place4 ,rank & privilege w\ld appe> to h be5 ma9ta9$ ev5 9 ?is d>k realm1 al?\gh all (f]+s to ! dead mu/ fir/ be inspect$ by ,mictlantecutli himself ere be+ pass$ on to _! prop] own]s4 ,sahagun /ates t f\r ye>s 7 occupi$ 9 j\rney+ to ,mictlampa1 evid5tly an error = f\r days1 z else:]e he says t ! =m] p]iod 0 sp5t )9 ! regions ( ! dead4 ,! j\rney !nce 0 replete ) t]rors4 ,says ! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a3 8,9 ?is region ( hell !y suppos$ t !re exi/$ f\r gods1 or pr9cipal demons1 "o ( :om 0 sup]ior1 :om !y call$ ,zitzimatl1 :o is ! same z ,miquitlamtecotl1 ! great god ( hell4 ,yzpuzteque1 ! lame demon1 0 he :o appe>$ 9 ! /reets ) ! feet ( a cock4 ,nextepehua 0 ! scatt]] ( a%es1 ,contemoque signifies he :o desc5ds head=emo/2 an allusion be+ made to ! etymology :i* le>n$ m5 assign to ! "n ( ! ,devil1 :i* signifies deorsum cad5s1 :i* mode ( desc5t aft] s\ls !y attribute to him f ?is "n & ,zon4 ,yzpuzteque is he ^: abode is 9 ! /reets1 ! same z ,satan1 he :o on a sudd5 appe>s sideways4 ,x appe>s t !y h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! ,holy ,scriptures1 al?\gh cle>] argum5ts 9 pro( ( ?is fact are adduc$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ pages4 ,!y say t ^! f\r gods or demons h goddesses40 ,^! & o!r dread be+s1 accord+ to ! same ,,ms41 r5d]$ ! hellw>d j\rney t]rible 9 ! extreme1 & an attempt 0 made to mitigate ! t]rors ( ! passage betwe5 ! two worlds by means ( passports ( mu* ! same "* z ! spells 9 ! ,egyptian 8,book ( ! ,dead10 :i* frank$ ! s\l pa/ ! num]\s demons & dang]s :i* await$ x4 ,! fir/ pap] s]v$ to pass him by two m\nta9s :i* ?reat5$ to cla% toge!r & cru% him4 ,! second sav$ him f ! maw ( a huge snake4 ,o!rs help$ him to face ! lurk+ t]rors ( eight des]ts & eight hills1 & to avoid ! grim crocodile ,xo*itonal4 ,a w9d ( %>p fl9t knives !n attack$ him4 ,la/ly he came to ! riv] ,*iconahuopan 7,n9e ,wat]s71 :i* he cross$ on ! back ( a r$-col\r$ dog :i* accompani$ him & :i* 0 kill$ = t purpose by hav+ an arr[ ?ru/ d[n its ?roat4 ,x is n cle> :e!r ?is dog act$ z a guide to ,mictlampa1 or :e!r x prec$$ ! s\l1 b x w\ld seem t its ma/] f\nd x await+ him :5 he came to ! banks ( ! riv]1 9 ! passage ( :i* x assi/$ him4 ,x kept its vigil on ! opposite bank1 h[ev]1 & _h to swim ! riv] ere x c\ld rea* him4 ,! deceas$ !n came be=e ,mictlantecutli1 to :om he made suitable gifts--cotton1 p]fumes1 & a mantle4 ,he 0 told to :i* sph]e he mu/ g4 ,x is obvi\s t ,mictlampa 0 n s mu* a place ( puni%m5t z a place ( ! dead1 a ,hades1 :]e ! s\ls ( ! good & evil 7 alike consign$4 ,its locality is p>tially fix$1 = x is 8! place :]e ! sun slept10 &1 l ! ,egyptian ,am5ti1 x 0 !re=e antipodean1 or occupi$ ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,aft] a f\r ye>s' soj\rn 9 ?is d>k mon>*y ! s\l 0 suppos$ to come to a place :]e1 accord+ to ! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus1 x enjoy$ a measure ( re/4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,great ,,gods ,,me?od ,,( ,,treatm5t ,9 ! section descriptive ( ! gods1 ea* div9ity is dealt ) sep>ately4 ,! ne$ = sy/em & ord]ly arrangem5t 9 ! /udy ( ,mexican ,my?ology is clamant4 ,9 ! hope t future /ud5ts ( ! subject may be sp>$ ! ,h]culean task ( sep>at+ ! my?ology ( ! ,mexican p f _! hi/ory1 ,i h ?\ght x be/ to arrange my mat]ial 9 z sy/ematic a fa%ion z its complex "* p]mits4 ,! plan employ$ is a simple "o4 ,i h prefac$ ! description ( ea* god ) a table conta9+ ! foll[+ in=mation conc]n+ him3 ,area ( ,wor%ip1 ,"n1 ,m9or ,names1 ,relation%ip1 ,cal5d>-place1 ,compass-direction1 ,symbol1 ,fe/ivals4 ,9 "s cases :]e1 = example1 a god has no fe/ival or no m9or names1 ! item relat+ to su* in=mation is1 ( c\rse1 abs5t4 ,! description prop] ( ea* deity beg9s ) an acc\nt ( 8 ,aspect & ,insignia1 z obs]v$ 9 ! sev]al codices & pa9t+s1 manuscripts1 vases1 or /atu>y4 #ge ,a section is devot$ to fe/ivals celebrat$ 9 8 hon\r1 ano!r deals ) ! prie/hood specially att5dant on him1 & a fur!r p>agraph ) ! temples 9 :i* he 0 wor%ipp$4 ,!re foll[s a prcis ( all kn[n my?s relat+ to him4 ,9 c]ta9 in/ances1 too1 hymns & pray]s (f]$ up to him are quot$4 ,! la/ section deals ) 8 nature & /atus1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to elucidate ^!4 ,,uitzilopo*tli 8,,humm+-,,bird ,,wiz>d0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico4 ,m9or ,names3 ,tetzateotl--8,t]rible ,god40 ,tetzahuitl--8,! ,rag+40 ,ilhuicatl ,xox\hqui--8,! ,blue ,heav540 ,mexitli--8,h>e ( ! ,maguey40 ,compass ,directions3 ,! ,s\?2 upp] region4 ,fe/ivals3 ,toxcatl1 ! fif? mon?2 fir/ ( tlaxo*imaco1 ! n9? mon?4 ,panquetzaliztli1 ! fifte5? mon?4 ,movable fea/ ce tecpatl4 ,relation%ips3 ,son ( ,coatlicue4 ,bro!r ( ! ,c5tzonuitznaua4 ,bro!r ( ,coyolxauhqui4 ,"o ( ! ,tzitzimim4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,face-pa9t4--,blue & yell[ horizontal /ripes1 ! yell[ kn[n z piloe*9olli 78face-pa9t+ ( *ildr507 made ( *ildr5's excrem5t1 9 allusion1 p]haps1 to 8 "* ( a "y or new-born god4 ,he occasionally we>s ! /ell> mask1 #gf l ,mixcoatl & ,camaxtli4 ,body-pa9t4--,blue4 ,dress4--,usually ! humm+-bird mantle1 pictographic ( 8 "n4 ,8 head is surm\nt$ by a pana*e ( fea!rs4 ,on 8 brea/ is a :ite r+ made f a mussel-%ell1 l ^? ( ,quetzalcoatl1 ,tezcatlipoc1 & ,paynal1 :i* is call$ eteocuitlaanauauh 788 gold5 r+07 or eltezcatl 788 brea/ mirror074 ,p]haps ! be/ repres5tation ( him is 9 ,codex ,borbonicus 7%eet #cd74 ,weapons4--,%ield 7teueuelli71 made ( re$s1 ) eagle's d[n adh]+ to x 9 five places 9 ! =m ( a qu9cunx4 ,he c>ries spe>s tipp$ ) tufts ( d[n in/ead ( /one po9ts 7tlauacomalli71 ! weapons ( ^? doom$ to a gladiatorial dea?1 ! fire-snake xiuhcoatl z an atlatl1 or spe>-?r[]1 & ! b[1 :i* he 0 suppos$ to h inv5t$ or introduc$ into ,mexico4 ,! flag held by him on "s occasions repres5ts ! panquetzaliztli fe/ival 9 ,codices ,tell]iano-,rem5sis & ,vaticanus ,a4 ,v>iations4--,he is frequ5tly to be obs]v$ we>+ ! insignia ( ! /ell> gods ( w> & hunt+ 7,mixcoatl1 ,camaxtli74 ,accord+ to ,sel] 7,comm5t>y on ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #ia71 ,uitzilopo*tli figures 9 t ,,ms4 z %[+ 89 a g5]al way ! devices & ! dress-badges ( ! fire-god10 diff]+1 h[ev]1 9 col\r & pa9t+4 ,:5 f\nd along ) ,tezcatlipoc z ,rul] ( ! ,s\!rn ,heav51 9 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may] 7%eet #be71 he is seat$ on a jagu>-sk9 seat1 envelop$ 9 a long robe ( a light blue col\r1 ) balls ( d[ny fea!rs4 ,he we>s ! aztaxelli or =k$ h]on-fea!r ornam5t on 8 head & has ! yell[ face-pa9t allud$ to above4 ,9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,bib4 del ,palacio7 he is repres5t$ z we>+ on 8 back ! 8dragon's head0 allud$ to 9 ! text4 ,9 ! ,duran ,,ms4 7#b o1 plate #b a71 drawn by a ,european h&1 ! humm+-bird headdress =ms a helmet-mask1 & 9 ! ,codex ,ramirez 7,juan de ,tob>71 9 :i* ! figure is ,europeaniz$ almo/ out ( recognition1 ! same is ! case1 b ! %ield-m>k+ is incorrect1 consi/+ z x does ( sev5 tufts ( d[n in/ead ( five4 ,clavig]o 7tom4 ii1 pp4 #ag-ai7 says ( ,uitzilopo*tli's insignia3 8,^u 8 head he c>ri$ a beautiful cre/1 %ap$ l ! beak ( a bird1 ^u 8 neck a coll> %ap$ l t5 figures ( ! human he>t4 ,8 /atue 0 ( an enorm\s size1 9 ! po/ure ( a man seat$ on a blue-col\r$ b5*1 f ! f\r corn]s ( :i* issu$ f\r snakes4 ,8 =ehead 0 blue1 b 8 face 0 cov]$ ) a gold5 mask1 :ile ano!r ( ! same k9d cov]$ ! back ( 8 head4 ,9 8 h& he c>ri$ a l>ge blue1 twi/$ club1 9 8 left a %ield 9 :i* appe>$ five balls ( fea!rs dispos$ 9 ! =m ( a cross1 & f ! upp] "p ( ! %ield rose a gold5 flag ) f\r arr[s1 :i* ! ,mexicans believ$ to h be5 s5t to !m f heav54 ,8 body 0 girt ) a l>ge gold5 snake1 & adorn$ ) less] figures ( animals made ( gold & preci\s /ones1 :i* ornam5ts & insignia _h ea* _! peculi> mean+40 ,aco/a says ( 8 appe>ance3 8,! *iefe/ idoll ( ,mexico 01 z ,i h sayde1 ,vitziliputzli4 ,x 0 an image ( wood l to a man1 set ^u a /oole ( ! col\re ( azure1 9 a brank>d or litt]1 9 e corn] 0 a piece ( wood 9 =me ( a s]p5t's head4 ,! /oole signifi$ t he 0 set 9 heav54 ,?is idol _h all ! =ehead azure1 & _h a b& ( azure "u ! nose f "o e> to ano!r4 ,^u 8 head he _h a ri* plume ( fea!rs l to ! beak ( a small bird1 ! :i* 0 cov]$ on ! top ) gold burni%$ v br[n4 ,he _h 9 8 left h& a small t>get1 ) ! figures ( five p9eapples made ( :ite fea!rs set 9 a cross4 ,& f above issu$ =? a cre/ ( gold1 & at 8 sides hee hadde f\re d>tes1 :i* 7! ,mexica9es say7 _h be5 s5t f heav5 :i* %all be spok5 (4 ,9 8 "r h& he _h an azur$ /aff cutte 9 ! fa%ion ( a wav+ snake4 ,all ^? ornam5ts ) ! re/ hee _h1 c>ri$ 8 s5ce z ! ,mexica9es doe %ew40 #gg ,solis writes ( 8 aspect z foll[s3 8,opposite 444 sat ,huitzilopo*tli1 on a ?rone support$ by a blue globe4 ,f ?is1 suppos$ to repres5t ! heav5s1 project$ f\r /aves ) s]p5ts' heads1 by :i* ! prie/s c>ri$ ! god :5 he 0 br\ght be=e ! public4 ,! image bore ^u its head a bird ( wr\ght plumes1 ^: beak & cre/ 7 ( burni%$ gold4 ,! fea!rs express$ horrid cruelty1 & 7 made /ill m gha/ly by two /rips ( blue1 "o on ! br[ & ! o!r on ! nose4 ,its "r h& lean$1 z on a /aff1 ^u a crook$ s]p5t4 ,^u ! left arm 0 a buckl] be>+ five :ite plums1 arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a cross1 & ! h& grasp$ f\r arr[s1 v5]at$ z heav5-desc5d$40 #gh ,h]r]a says t 8 idol 0 a gigantic image ( /one1 cov]$ ) a lawn call$ nac>1 beset ) pe>ls1 preci\s /ones1 & pieces ( gold4 ,x _h = a girdle great snakes ( gold1 & a c\nt]feit visor ) eyes ( glass4 #gi ,torquemada writes3 8,9 8 "r h& a d>t or long blue pole1 9 ! left a %ield1 8 face b>r$ ) l9es ( blue4 ,8 =ehead 0 decorat$ ) a tuft ( gre5 fea!rs1 8 left leg 0 lean & fea!r$1 & bo? ?ighs & arms 7 b>r$ ) blue40 #hj ,! ,sahagun ,,ms4 /ates t 8he we>s a pana*e ( yell[ p>rot fea!rs /uck toge!r1 & hav+ a bun* ( quetzal-fea!rs at ! tip4 ,8 espitzalli is ov] 8 =ehead4 ,! face or mask is /rip$ 9 v>i\s col\rs1 & ! e>-plug is made ( ! fea!rs ( ! blue cot+a4 ,on 8 back is ! fire-snake dress & on 8 arm he has a quetzal-fea!r4 ,at ! back he is gird$ ) a blue net clo?1 & 8 leg is /rip$ ) blue4 ,bells & %ells decorate 8 feet1 & he is %od ) s&als ( ! type usually worn by p]sons ( high degree4 ,8 %ield is ! teueuelli ) a bundle ( arr[s )\t po9ts /uck 9 x1 & 9 "o h& he holds a s]p5t-/aff40 ,sahagun 7c4 xxii1 bk4 iv7 describes ! insignia employ$ at ! god's fe/ival ( ce tecpatl4 ,^! 7 ! quetzalquemitl1 or mantle ( gre5 quetzal-fea!rs1 ! tozquemitl1 ! mantle made ( ! yell[ fea!rs ( ! toztli1 a bird ( ! p>rot species1 ! ,uitzitzilquemitl1 or mantle ( humm+-bird's fea!rs1 8& o!rs less ri*40 ,,fe/ivals ,! fir/ fe/ival ( ,uitzilopo*tli 0 ! tlaxo*imaco1 ( :i* ,sahagun says3 8,! n9? mon? 0 /yl$ tlaxo*imaco4 ,a fe/ival 0 held on ! fir/ day ( ?is mon? 9 hon\r ( ,huitzilopo*tli1 god ( w>1 :5 he 0 (f]$ ! fir/ fl[]s ( ! ye>4 ,! night be=e ?is fe/ival ev]ybody kill$ *ick5s & dogs ) :i* to make tamalli & o!r ?+s good to eat4 ,v soon aft] ! fir/ glimm]+s ( dawn on ! day ( ! fe/ival1 ! att5dants ( ! idols adorn$ ! /atue ( ,huitzilopo*tli ) fl[]s4 ,! images ( ! o!r gods 7 deck$ ) g>l&s & wrea?s ( fl[]s1 & ! same 0 done to all ! o!r idols ( ! calpulli #ha & telpo*calli4 #hb ,! calpixque1 #hc ! pr9cipal p1 & ! macehualli #hd cov]$ ! /atues 9 _! h\ses ) fl[]s4 ,^! prep>ations be+ complet$1 ! vi&s prep>$ dur+ ! previ\s night 7 p>tak5 (1 & %ortly aft] ?is repa/ a dance 0 engag$ 91 9 :i* ! nobles m+l$ ) ! wom51 tak+ !m by ! h&1 & ev5 go+ ! l5g? ( embrac+ !m by plac+ _! arms r\nd _! necks4 ,! usual movem5ts ( ! areyto #he 7 n p]=m$1 ! danc]s mov+ /ep by /ep1 to ! /ra9s ( ! musicians & s+]s1 :o /ood1 "s di/ance away1 at ! foot ( a r\nd alt> call$ momoztli4 ,!y sang ?us until night1 n only 9 ! c\rts ( ! temples1 b also 9 ! h\ses ( p ( rank & ( ! macehualli1 :ile ! ag$ ( bo? sexes indulg$ deeply 9 pulque2 b "y p 7 n p]mitt$ to t\* x1 & anyone all[+ !m to dr9k x 0 sev]ely puni%$40 ,toxcatl4--,= ?is fe/ival see "u ,tezcatlipoc1 to :om x 0 also & m especially sacr$4 ,panquetzalitztli4--,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is fe/ival is summ>iz$ f ,sahagun's pages3 ,= tw5ty-f\r days prior to ! incid5ce ( ! fe/ival ! prie/s did p5it5ce4 ,!y hung bran*es ^u ! oratories & %r9es ( ! gods ( ! m\nta9s1 & gre5 re$s & leaves ( ! maguey-plant4 ,at ! end ( ! que*olli fe/ival ev]yone took to danc+ & s++1 especially to ! song or hymn ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,n9e days be=e ! sacrifice ^? doom$ to die ba!d 9 ! f\nta9 call$ ,uitzilotl 7humm+-bird wat]7 9 ! village ( ,uitzilopo*co4 ,! old m5 w5t to seek n9e bun*es ( ! leaves ( ! tree call$ aueuetl 78old "o ( ! wat]s0--! ,cupressus di/ica74 ,! faces ( ! doom$ ones 7 pa9t$ 9 ! col\rs ( ! god1 yell[ & blue 9 transv]se b&s1 & adorn$ ) 8 insignia4 ,aft] five days ( p5it5tial ex]cises m+l$ ) danc+ & s++1 & on ! day be=e ! fe/ival1 ! captives rose ) dawn & betook !mselves to ! h\ses ( ^? :o _h d$icat$ !m to ! slaught]1 prec$$ by a man c>ry+ a vessel full ( black ink or r$ o*re or blue t9cture4 ,on arriv+ at ! h\ses ( ^? :o _h devot$ !m to dea?1 !y dipp$ _! h&s 9 ! vessel & press$ !m on ! gates & ! pill>s ( ! dwell+1 s t ! impr9t rema9$4 #hf ,!y !n ent]$ ! kit*5 ( ! h\se & walk$ sev]al times r\nd ! furnace4 ,!n !y m>*$ 9 procession to ! temple1 accompani$ by port]s be>+ ri* attire1 :i* ! captives donn$4 ,! hair 0 !n tak5 f _! heads to be kept 8z a relic40 ,!y 7 !n giv5 cyl9drical cakes to eat1 :i* mu/ be held on ! po9t ( a maguey ?orn & n betwe5 ! f+]s4 ,) ! dawn ( day ! god ,paynal1 ! h]ald ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 desc5d$ f ! temple ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,f\r captives 7 !n sla91 two 9 hon\r ( 8! god ,oappatzan40 ,paynal1 borne by f\r 8necromanc]s10 !n took ! road to ,tlatelolco1 :5ce he pass$ to ,nonoalco1 ! prie/ ( ! temple !re receiv+ him ) ! repres5tative ( ! god ,quauitlicac1 88 companion0 7see 8,my?s074 ,! images 7 !n c>ri$ to ,tlaxotlan & ,popotlan1 :]e o!r captives 7 sla94 ,!n ! procession took its way to ,*apultepec1 pass+ ! hill ( t "n & cross+ ! little riv] ,izquitlan1 at ! temple ( :i* o!r captives call$ ,izquiteca 78:o eat roa/$ maize07 7 sacrific$4 ,!y !n cross$ to ! "r "u ,coyoacan1 pass+ by way ( ,tepetocan to ,aca*9anco4 ,dur+ ! "t !y made ?is progress ! slaves :o 7 ab\t to die engag$ 9 a skirmi%4 ,!y divid$ !mselves into two p>ties1 ! ,uitznauatl 78,!y ( ! ,?orny ,wiz>d071 ! o!r unnam$4 ,! =m] seem to h be5 pr(essional soldi]s arm$ ) mock weapons2 ! o!rs slaves1 arm$ ) maquahuitls1 wood5 swords set ) obsidian flakes4 ,on ,paynal's return ^? :o wat*$ !m f ! summit ( ! temple1 see+ ! bann] ( ! god 7epaniztli71 cri$ out1 8,mexicans1 cease y\r /rife1 ! "l ,paynal has come40 ,! w>riors 9 ! patrol ( ,paynal !n ru%$ to ! summit ( ! temple1 :]e !y arriv$ 9 a brea?less condition4 ,!y plac$ _! idol beside ! pa/e image ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,_! e>s 7 pi]c$ by ! prie/4 ,!y desc5d$ aga91 c>ry+ an image ( ,uitzilopo*tli made ( pa/e1 :i* !y divid$1 ea* be>+ 8 own portion to 8 own h\se1 :]e he made fe/ival ) 8 p>5ts & neighb\rs4 ,a t\r ( ! temple 0 !n made1 ! captives walk+ 9 front4 ,a prie/ !n desc5d$ f ! summit ( ! temple be>+ a %eaf ( :ite pap]s 9 8 h&1 :i* he held up to ! f\r c>d9al po9ts 9 turn1 aft]w>ds ?r[+ !m into a mort> call$ quauhxicalco #hg 78cup ( ! eagles074 ,he 0 foll[$ by ano!r hold+ a v long p9e-tor* call$ xiuhcoatl 78fire-snake071 %ap$ l fire4 7,?is 0 ! fire-snake weapon ) :i* "o ( ,uitzilopo*tli's foll[]s _h kill$ 8 rebelli\s si/] ,coyolxauhqui74 ,?is 0 ca/ burn+ into ! vessel conta9+ ! pap]s1 :i* 7 consum$4 ,paynal reappe>$1 & ! slaves 7 sacrific$ accord+ to rank to ! s\nd ( con*-%ells4 ,all !n return$ home1 :]e octli ( special /r5g? 0 drunk1 fe/ivities engag$ 91 & pres5ts ( we>+ app>el di/ribut$ to fri5ds & dep5dants 7bk4 ii1 c4 #cd74 ,?is fe/ival took place at ! p]iod ( ! w9t] sol/ice1 :5 ! sun has remov$ f>!/ to ! s\?4 ,! burn+ ( ! pap]s by ! xiuhcoatl1 & ! fact t ! fire-fe/ival ( ! new p]iod ( fifty-two ye>s1 ! mak+ ( ! new fire1 0 usually po/pon$ to co9cide ) x1 %[ x to be a fire-fea/2 = 9 8 8avat>0 ( ! sun ,uitzilopo*tli 0 a fire-god4 ,torquemada /ates t ! prie/ ( ,quetzalcoatl hurl$ a d>t into ! brea/ ( ! pa/e image ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 :i* fell4 ,he !n pull$ ! 8he>t0 out ( x1 giv+ x to ! k+4 ,! body 0 !n divid$ among ! m51 no woman be+ all[$ to eat ( x4 ,! c]emony 0 call$ teoqualo1 i4e4 8god is eat540 #hh ,,my?s ,reg>d+ ,uitzilopo*tli1 ,clavig]o says3 8,huitzilopo*tli1 or ,mexitli1 0 ! god ( w>2 ! deity ! mo/ hon\r$ by ! ,mexicans1 & _! *ief protector4 ,( ?is god "s said he 0 a pure _s1 o!rs t he 0 born ( a woman1 b )\t ! assi/ance ( a man1 & describ$ 8 bir? 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,!re liv$1 said !y1 9 ,coatepec1 a place ne> to ! anci5t city ( ,tula1 a woman call$ ,coatlicue1 "m ( ! ,c5tzonhuiznahuas1 :o 0 extremely devot$ to ! wor%ip ( ! gods4 ,"o day1 z %e 0 employ$1 accord+ to h] usual cu/om1 9 walk+ 9 ! temple1 %e beheld desc5d+ 9 ! air a ball made ( v>i\s fea!rs4 ,%e seiz$ x & kept x 9 h] bosom1 int5d+ aft]w>ds to employ ! fea!rs 9 decoration ( ! alt>2 b :5 %e want$ x aft] h] walk 0 at an end %e c\ld n f9d x1 at :i* %e 0 extremely surpris$1 & h] wond] 0 v greatly increas$ :5 %e began to p]ceive f t mom5t t %e 0 pregnant4 ,h] pregnancy advanc$ till x 0 discov]$ by h] *ildr51 :o1 al?\gh !y c\ld n !mselves suspect _! "m's virtue1 yet fe>+ ! disgrace %e w\ld suff] ^u h] deliv]y1 det]m9$ to prev5t x by putt+ h] to dea?4 ,!y c\ld n take _! resolution s secretly z to conceal x f _! "m1 :o1 :ile %e 0 9 deep affliction at ! ?\ght ( dy+ by ! h&s ( h] own *ildr51 he>d an unexpect$ voice issue f h] womb1 say+1 #8,be n afraid1 "m1 ,i %all save y ) ! greate/ hon\r to y\rself & glory to me4' 8,h] h>d-he>t$ sons1 guid$ & enc\rag$ by _! si/] ,cojolxauhqui1 :o _h be5 ! mo/ ke5ly b5t ^u ! de$1 7 n[ j ^u ! po9t ( execut+ _! purpose1 :5 ,huitzilopo*tli 0 born1 ) a %ield 9 8 left h&1 a spe> 9 8 "r1 & a cre/ ( gre5 fea!rs on 8 head2 8 left leg adorn$ ) fea!rs1 & 8 face1 arms1 & ?ighs /reak$ ) blue l9es4 ,z soon z he came into ! _w he display$ a twi/$ p9e1 & comm&$ "o ( 8 soldi]s1 call$ ,to**ancalqui1 to fell ) x ,cojolxauhqui1 z ! "o :o _h be5 ! mo/ guilty2 & he himself attack$ ! re/ ) s mu* fury t1 9 spite ( _! ef=ts1 _! arms1 or _! entreaties1 he kill$ !m all1 plund]$ _! h\ses1 & pres5t$ ! spoils to 8 "m4 ,mank9d 7 s t]rifi$ by ?is ev5t1 t f t "t !y call$ him ,tetzahuitl 7t]ror7 & ,tetzauhteotl 7t]rible god74 8,?is 0 ! god :o1 z !y said1 becom+ ! protector ( ! ,mexicans1 conduct$ !m = s _m ye>s 9 _! pilgrimage1 & at l5g? settl$ !m :]e !y aft]w>ds f\nd$ ! great city ( ,mexico4 ,!y rais$ to him t sup]b temple1 s mu* celebrat$1 ev5 by ! ,spani>ds1 9 :i* 7 annually hold5 ?ree solemn fe/ivals 9 ! fif?1 n9?1 & fifte5? mon?s2 besides ^? kept e f\r ye>s1 e ?irte5 ye>s1 & at ! beg9n+ ( e c5tury4 ,8 /atue 0 ( gigantic size1 9 ! po/ure ( a man seat$ on a blue-col\r$ b5*1 f ! f\r corn]s ( :i* issu$ f\r huge snakes4 ,8 =ehead 0 blue1 b 8 face 0 cov]$ ) a gold5 mask1 :ile ano!r ( ! same k9d cov]$ ! back ( 8 head4 ,^u 8 head he c>ri$ a beautiful cre/1 %ap$ l ! beak ( a bird2 ^u 8 neck a coll> consi/+ ( t5 figures ( ! human he>t2 9 8 "r h& a l>ge blue1 twi/$ club2 9 8 left a %ield1 on :i* appe>$ five balls ( fea!rs dispos$ 9 ! =m ( a cross1 & f ! upp] "p ( ! %ield rose a gold5 flag ) f\r arr[s1 :i* ! ,mexicans pret5d$ to h be5 s5t to !m f heav5 to p]=m ^? glori\s actions :i* we h se5 9 _! hi/ory4 ,8 body 0 girt ) a l>ge gold5 snake & adorn$ ) less] figures ( animals made ( gold & preci\s /ones1 :i* ornam5ts & insignia _h ea* _! peculi> mean+4 ,!y nev] delib]at$ ^u mak+ w> )\t implor+ ! protection ( ?is god1 ) pray]s & sacrifices2 & (f]$ up a great] numb] ( human victims to him ?an to any o!r ( ! gods40 #hi ,botur9i says ( ?is god3 8,:ile ! ,mexicans 7 pu%+ _! conque/s & _! advance t[>d ! c\ntry n[ occupi$ by !m1 !y _h a v r5[n$ capta91 or lead]1 call$ ,huitziton4 ,he x 0 t 9 ^! long & p]il\s j\rneys ?r\gh unkn[n l&s1 sp>+ himself no fatigue1 took c>e ( ! ,mexicans4 ,! fable says ( him t1 be+ full ( ye>s & wisdom1 he 0 "o night caught up 9 sight ( 8 army & ( all 8 p1 & pres5t$ to ! god ,tezauhteotl1 t is to say ! ,frightful ,god1 :o1 be+ 9 ! %ape ( a horrible dragon1 comm&$ him to be seat$ at 8 "r h&1 say+3 #8,welcome1 ,o valiant capta92 v grateful am ,i = ?y fidelity 9 my s]vice & 9 gov]n+ my p4 ,x is "t t ?\ %\lde/ re/1 s9ce ?\ art already old1 & s9ce ?y great de$s raise !e up to ! fell[%ip ( ! immortal gods4 ,return !n to ?y sons & tell !m n to be afflict$ if 9 future !y _c see !e z a mortal man2 = f ! n9e heav5s ?\ %alt look d[n propiti\s ^u !m4 ,& n only t1 b also1 :5 ,i /rip ! ve/m5ts ( humanity f !e1 ,i w leave to ?9e afflict$ & orphan p ?y bones & ?y skull s t !y may be com=t$ 9 _! sorr[1 & may consult ?y relics z to ! road !y h to foll[3 & 9 due "t ! l& %all be %[n !m t ,i h de/9$ = !m1 a l& 9 :i* !y %all hold wide empire1 be+ respect$ ( ! o!r nations4' 8,huitziton did accord+ to ^! in/ructions1 & aft] a sorr[ful int]view ) 8 p1 disappe>$1 c>ri$ away by ! gods4 ,! weep+ ,mexicans rema9$ ) ! skull & bones ( _! belov$ capta91 :i* !y c>ri$ ) !m till !y arriv$ 9 ,new ,spa91 & at ! place :]e !y built ! great city ( ,t5o*titlan1 or ,mexico4 ,all ?is "t ! devil spoke to !m ?r\gh ?is skull ( ,huitziton1 (t5 ask+ = ! immolation ( m5 & wom51 f :i* ?+ orig9at$ ^? bloody sacrifices1 practis$ aft]w>ds by ?is nation ) s mu* cruelty on prison]s ( w>4 ,?is deity 0 call$1 9 e>ly z well z 9 lat] times1 ,huitzilopo*tli--= ! pr9cipal m5 believ$ t he 0 seat$ at ! left h& ( ,tezcatlipoc--a "n d]iv$ f ! orig9al "n ,huitziton1 & f ! ^w mapo*e1 #8left h&4'0 #ij ,sahagun says ( ,uitzilopo*tli t1 be+ orig9ally a man1 he 0 a sort ( ,h]cules1 ( great /r5g? & w>like1 a great de/roy] ( t[ns & slay] ( m54 ,9 w> he _h be5 a liv+ fire1 v t]rible to 8 adv]s>ies2 & ! device he bore 0 a dragon's head1 frightful 9 ! extreme1 & ca/+ fire out ( its m\?4 ,a great wiz>d he _h be51 & sorc]]1 trans=m+ himself into ! %ape ( div]s birds & bea/s4 ,:ile he liv$1 ! ,mexicans e/eem$ ?is man v highly = 8 /r5g? & dext]ity 9 w>1 & :5 he di$ !y hon\r$ him z a god1 (f]+ slaves1 & sacrific+ !m 9 8 pres5ce4 ,& !y look$ to x t ^? slaves 7 well f$ & well decorat$ ) su* ornam5ts z 7 9 use1 ) e>r+s & visors2 all = ! great] hon\r ( ! god4 ,9 ,tlaxcala also !y _h a deity call$ ,camaxtli1 :o 0 simil> to ?is ,huitzilopo*tli4 #ia ,! my? ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 z giv5 by ,sahagun1 may be cond5s$ z foll[s3 ,"u ! %ad[ ( ! m\nta9 ( ,coatepec1 ne> ! ,toltec city ( ,tollan1 !re dwelt a pi\s wid[ call$ ,coatlicue1 ! "m ( a tribe ( ,indians call$ ,c5tzonuitznaua1 :o _h a daught] call$ ,coyolxauhqui1 & :o daily repair$ to a small hill ) ! int5tion ( (f]+ up pray]s to ! gods 9 a p5it5t _s ( piety4 ,:il/ occupi$ 9 h] devotions "o day %e 0 surpris$ by a small ball ( brilliantly col\r$ fea!rs fall+ ^u h] f on high4 ,%e 0 pleas$ by ! bright v>iety ( its hues & plac$ x 9 h] bosom1 int5d+ to (f] x up to ! ,sun-god4 ,"s "t aft]w>ds %e le>nt t %e 0 to become ! "m ( ano!r *ild4 ,h] sons1 he>+ ( ?is1 ra9$ abuse ^u h]1 be+ incit$ to humiliate h] 9 e possible way by _! si/] ,coyolxauhqui4 ,coatlicue w5t ab\t 9 fe> & anxiety2 b ! _s ( h] unborn infant came & spoke to h] & gave h] words ( enc\ragem5t1 soo?+ h] tr\bl$ he>t4 ,h] sons1 h[ev]1 7 resolv$ to wipe out :at !y consid]$ an insult to _! race by ! dea? ( _! "m1 & took c\nsel ) "o ano!r to slay h]4 ,!y attir$ !mselves 9 _! w>-ge>1 & arrang$ _! hair aft] ! mann] ( w>riors go+ to battle4 ,b "o ( _! numb]1 ,quauitlicac1 rel5t$ & confess$ ! p]fidy ( 8 bro!rs to ! /ill unborn ,uitzilopo*tli1 :o repli$ to him3 8,o uncle1 #ib he>k5 att5tively to :at ,i h to say to y4 ,i am fully in=m$ ( :at is go+ to happ540 ,) ! int5tion ( slay+ _! "m1 ! ,indians w5t 9 se>* ( h]4 ,at _! head m>*$ _! si/]1 ,coyolxauhqui4 ,!y 7 arm$ to ! tee?1 & c>ri$ bundles ( d>ts1 ) :i* !y int5d$ to kill ! luckless ,coatlicue4 ,quauitlicac climb$ ! m\nta9 to acqua9t ,uitzilopo*tli ) ! news t 8 bro!rs 7 approa*+ to kill _! "m4 8,m>k well :]e !y are at10 repli$ ! infant god4 8,to :at place h !y advanc$80 8,to ,tzompantitlan10 respond$ ,quauitlicac4 ,lat] on ,uitzilopo*tli ask$3 8,:]e may !y be n[80 8,at ,coaxalco10 0 ! reply4 ,once m ,uitzilopo*tli ask$ to :at po9t 8 enemies _h advanc$4 8,!y are n[ at ,petlac10 ,quauitlicac repli$4 ,quauitlicac lat] in=m$ !m t 8 bro!rs & si/] _h arriv$ at ! middle ( ! m\nta94 ,at ! mom5t !y arriv$ ,uitzilopo*tli 0 born1 attir$ 9 full w> panoply4 ,he ord]$ "o nam$ ,to*ncalqui 7inhabitant ( our h\se7 to attack 8 si/] ) ! fire-snake xiuhcoatl1 & ) a bl[ he %att]$ ,coyolxauhqui 9 pieces4 ,h] head re/$ ^u ! m\nta9 ( ,coatepec4 ,! infant god !n pursu$ 8 bre?r5 f\r times r\nd ! m\nta94 ,sev]al fell into ! lake & 7 dr[n$4 ,o!rs he slew1 only a few escap$1 & ^! 7 bani%$ to ,uitzlampa 9 ! s\?4 #ic ,torquemada says ( ,uitzilopo*tli3 8,huitzilopo*tli1 ! anci5t god & guide ( ! ,mexicans1 is a "n v>i\sly d]iv$4 ,"s say x is compos$ ( two words3 huitzil91 #8a humm+-bird1' & tlahuipu*tli1 #8a sorc]] t spits fire4' ,o!rs say t ! second "p ( ! "n comes n f tlahuipu*tli1 b f opu*tli1 t is1 #8! left h&'2 s t ! :ole "n1 ,huitzilopo*tli1 w\ld mean #8! %9+-fea!r$ left h&4' ,= ?is idol 0 decorat$ ) ri* & respl5d5t fea!rs on ! left arm4 ,& ?is god x 0 t l$ out ! ,mexicans f _! own l& & br\ght !m into ,anahuac4 8,"s held him to be a purely spiritual be+1 o!rs affirm$ t he _h be5 born ( a woman1 & relat$ 8 hi/ory aft] ! foll[+ fa%ion3 ,ne> ! city ( ,tulla !re is a m\nta9 call$ ,coatepec1 t is to say ! ,m\nta9 ( ! ,snake1 :]e a woman liv$1 nam$ ,coatlicue or ,snake-petticoat4 ,%e 0 ! "m ( _m sons call$ ,c5tzunhuitznahua1 & ( a daught] ^: "n 0 ,coyolxauhqui4 ,coatlicue 0 v dev\t & c>eful 9 ! s]vice ( ! gods1 & %e occupi$ h]self ord9>ily 9 sweep+ & clean+ ! sacr$ places ( t m\nta94 ,x happ5$ t "o day1 occupi$ ) ^! duties1 %e saw a little ball ( fea!rs float+ d[n to h] ?r\gh ! air1 :i* %e tak+1 z we h already relat$1 f\nd h]self 9 a %ort "t pregnant4 8,^u ?is all h] *ildr5 conspir$ aga9/ h] to slay h]1 & came arm$ aga9/ h]1 ! daught] ,coyolxauhqui be+ ! r+lead] & mo/ viol5t ( all4 ,!n1 imm$iately1 ,huitzilopo*tli 0 born1 fully arm$1 hav+ a %ield call$ teuehueli 9 8 left h&1 9 8 "r a d>t1 or long blue pole1 & all 8 face b>r$ ov] ) l9es ( ! same col\r4 ,8 =ehead 0 decorat$ ) a great tuft ( gre5 fea!rs1 8 left leg 0 lean & fea!r$1 & bo? ?ighs & ! arms b>r$ ) blue4 ,he !n caus$ to appe> a s]p5t made ( tor*es1 teas1 call$ xiuhcoatl2 & he ord]$ a soldi] call$ ,to*aucalqui to light ?is s]p5t1 & tak+ x ) him to embrace ,coyolxauhqui4 ,f ?is embrace ! matricidal daught] imm$iately di$1 & ,huitzilopo*tli himself slew all h] bre?r5 & took _! spoil1 enri*+ 8 "m !re)4 ,aft] ?is he 0 surnam$ ,tetzahuitl1 t is to say ,fright1 or ,amazem5t1 & held z a god1 born ( a "m )\t a fa!r--z ! great god ( battles1 = 9 ^! 8 wor%ipp]s f\nd him v fav\rable to !m40 #id 8,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas40 #ie--;,collect+ & summ>iz+ ! scatt]$ notices reg>d+ ,uitzilopo*tli 9 ! above-nam$ "w1 we f9d x /at$ t he 0 ! f\r? & y\nge/ son ( ,tonacatecutli & ,tonacaciuatl1 8 eld] bro!rs be+ ! ,r$ ,tezcatlipoc1 ! ,black ,tezcatlipoc1 & ,quetzalcoatl4 ,uitzilopo*tli is "h also call$ ,omitecatl1 8& = ano!r "n ,magueycoatl 7,snake ( ! ,maguey74 ,he 0 call$ ,o*ilobos 7! ,spani% r5d]+ ( ,uitzilopo*tli7 because he 0 left-h&$ & 0 *ief god to ^? ( ,mexico & _! god ( w>4 ,he 0 born )\t fle% b ) bones1 & ?us he rema9$ six hundr$ ye>s1 9 :i* no?+ 0 made1 #8nei!r ! gods nor _! fa!r4' ,tak+ c\nsel ) ,quetzalcoatl1 !y fa%ion$ ! sun1 !n !y made a man1 ,oxomoco1 & a woman1 ,cipactonal1 comm&+ him to till ! e>? & h] to sp9 & weave1 & creat$ o!r ?+s40 ,,hymns ,9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 ! foll[+ hymns or songs relate to ,uitzilopo*tli3-- ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,uitzilopo*tli ,i ,uitzilopo*tli ! w>rior1 no "o is my equal2 ,n 9 va9 h ,i put on ! ve/m5t ( yell[ fea!rs1 ,= ?r\gh me ! sun has ris5 7i4e4 ! "t ( sacrifice appe>s74 ,,ii ,! man out ( ! cold l& knew 7?r\gh him7 a baneful om54 ,he _h tak5 a foot f ! man out ( ! cold l&4 ,,iii ,9 ! place ( ,tlaxotlan1 ! fea!rs 7 di/ribut$ ,) :i* ! w> *iefta9s /uck !mselves4 ,my ,god is nam$ ,tepanquizqui 78,he :o ov]comes ! p074 ,,iv ,he makes himself fe>$1 ! god ( ,tlaxotlan1 ,du/ :irls ^u ! ,god ( ,tlaxotlan1 ,du/ :irls ^u him4 ,v ,our enemies1 ! p f ,amantlan1 assemble2 meet me !re4 ,s w 9 _! own h\se ! enemy be4 ,meet me !re4 ,,vi ,our enemies ! p ( ,pipitlan assemble2 meet me !re4 ,s w 9 _! own h\se ! enemy be4 ,?is song is probably a *ant sung be=e sacrifice to ! god4 ,! l9e 8,he _h tak5 a foot f ! man out ( ! cold l&0 seems to allude to ! maim+ ( "o ( ! gods by ,uitzilopo*tli1 or is symbolic ( ! puni%m5t ( a human enemy by r5d]+ him unfit = w> ?r\gh ! amputation ( "o ( 8 feet4 ,tezcatlipoc1 "o ( ^: names 0 ,yaotz91 8! enemy10 is frequ5tly repres5t$ z hav+ b "o foot1 & ! phrase 8! man f ! cold l&10 i4e4 ! ,nor?1 applies almo/ c]ta9ly to him4 ,! re/ ( ! song relates to ! peoples ) :om ! ,mexicans 7 frequ5tly at w>4 ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,%ield ,i ,9 8 %ield ( ! "y wife ! great w>rior *iefta9 0 born4 ,9 8 %ield ( ! "y wife 7or maid7 ! great w>rior *iefta9 0 born4 ,,ii ,he :o ga9$ 8 h]oic title on ! s]p5t m\nta9 ,9 8 7w>rior7 face-pa9t+1 7& ) ! %ield7 teueuelli4 ,no "o 9 tru? rises4 ,! e>? quakes ,z he put on 8 7w>rior7 face-pa9t+ 7& 8 %ield7 teueuelli4 ,! fir/ c\plet is obscure to me1 & seems to ref] to a lo/ my?1 :i* p]haps /at$ t ! god 0 born ( a virg94 ,! second /rophe1 ( c\rse1 relates to ! slaught] by ,uitzilopo*tli ( 8 bro!rs ! ,c5tzonuitznaua4 ,,prie/hood ,! high prie/ ( ,uitzilopo*tli 0 call$ ,totec tlamacazque1 :o also bore ! "n ( ,quetzalcoatl 7an honor>y title1 orig9at+ out ( ! belief t ! god ( t "n 0 reg>d$ z ! prototype ( all religi\s ord]s71 & :o1 along ) ! ,tlaloc tlamacazque1 occupi$ ! *ief religi\s (fice 9 ,mexico4 ,he 0 select$ = 8 piety & g5]al fitness4 #if ,,temple ,aco/a describes ,uitzilopo*tli's great temple at ,mexico z foll[s3 8,!re 0 9 ,mexico ?is ,cu1 ! fam\s ,temple ( ,vitziliputzli1 x _h a v great circuite1 & )9 a faire ,c\rt4 ,x 0 built ( great /ones1 9 fa%ion ( snakes ti$ "o to ano!r1 & ! circuite 0 call$ ,coatepantli1 :i* is1 a circuite ( snakes3 vppon ! toppe ( e *amb] & oratorie :]e ! ,idolls 71 0 a f9e pill] wr\ght ) small /ones1 blacke z ieate1 set 9 goodly ord]1 ! gr\nd rais$ vp ) :ite & r$1 :i* bel[ gave a great light4 ,vpon ! top ( ! pill> 7 battlem5ts v artificially made1 wr\ght l snailes 7c>acoles71 support$ by two ,indians ( /one1 sitt+1 hold+ c&le/icks 9 _! h&s1 ! :i* 7 l ,croisants g>ni%$ & enri*$ at ! ends1 ) yell[ & gre5e fea!rs & long fr+es ( ! same4 ,)9 ! circuite ( ?is c\rt !re 7 _m *amb]s ( religi\s m51 & o!rs t 7 appo9t$ = ! s]vice ( ! ,prie/s & ,popes1 = s !y call ! sov]aigne ,prie/s :i* s]ve ! ,idoll4 8,!re 7 f\re gates or entries1 at ! ea/1 we/1 nor?1 & s\?2 at e "o ( ^! gates beganne a fair cawsey ( two or ?ree leagues long4 ,!re 0 9 ! mid/ ( ! lake :]e ! citie ( ,mexico is built1 f\r l>ge cawseies 9 crosse1 :i* did mu* to beautify x2 vpon e portall or entry 0 a ,god or ,idoll hav+ ! visage turn$ to ! causey1 "r aga9/ ! ,temple gate ( ,vitziliputzli4 ,!re 7 ?irtie /eppes ( ?irtie fadome long1 & !y divid$ f ! circuit ( ! c\rt by a /reete t w5t betwixt !m2 vpon ! toppe ( ^! /eppes !re 0 a walke ?irtie foote broad1 all plai/]$ ) *alke1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* walke 0 a ,palisado artificially made ( v high trees1 plant$ 9 ord] a fadome "o f ano!r4 ,^! trees 7 v bigge1 & all pi]c$ ) small holes f ! foote to ! top1 & !re 7 roddes did runne f "o tree to ano!r1 to ! :i* 7 *a9$ or ti$ _m dead m5s heades4 ,vpon e rod 7 tw5tie sculles1 & ^! ranckes ( sculles cont9ue f ! foote to ! toppe ( ! tree4 ,?is ,palisado 0 full ( dead m5s sculls f "o end to ! o!r1 ! :i* 0 a wond]full m\rnefull sight & full ( horror4 ,^! 7 ! heads ( su* z _h be5e sacrific$2 = aft] !y 7 dead & _h eat5 ! fle%1 ! head 0 deliv]$ to ! ,m9i/]s ( ! ,temple1 :i* ti$ !m 9 ?is sort vntil !y fell (f by morcells2 & !n _h !y a c>e to set o!rs 9 _! places4 ,vpon ! toppe ( ! temple 7 two /ones or *appells1 & 9 !m 7 ! two ,idolls :i* ,i h spok5 (1 ,vitziliputzli1 & 8 companion ,tlaloc4 ,^! ,*appells 7 c>v$ & grav5 v artificially1 & s high1 t to asc5d vp to x1 !re 0 a /aire ( /one ( sixscore /eppes4 ,be=e ^! ,*amb]s or ,*appells1 !re 0 a ,c\rt ( =tie foot squ>e1 9 ! mid/ !re(1 0 a high /one ( five h& bread?1 poynt$ 9 fa%ion ( a ,pyramide1 x 0 plac$ !re = ! sacrific+ ( m52 = be+ laid on _! backes1 x made _! bodies to b5d1 & s !y did op5 !m & pull out _! he>ts1 z ,i %all %ew he]eaft]40 #ig ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,prolong$ delib]ation ^u ! nature ( ,uitzilopo*tli has l$ me to ! conclusion t he 0 orig9ally a p]sonification ( ! maguey-plant 7,agave am]icana74 ,! gr\nds ^u :i* ,i base ?is hypo!sis are z foll[s3 ,a c]ta9 v>iety ( ! maguey-plant1 or metl1 0 kn[n to ! ,aztec ( ,mexico-,t5o*titlan z ,uitzitzilteutli1 or 8beak ( ! humm+-bird10 probably because ( ! resemblance ! long spiky ?orns 7uitztli7 ) :i* x is cov]$ be> to ! %>p beak ( t bird 7! uitzitzil971 :i* susp5ds its t9y1 web-l ne/ f ! leaves ( ! plant 9 "q4 ,! connection ( ,uitzilopo*tli ) ! maguey-plant is also prov$ by at lea/ two ( 8 subsidi>y titles4 ,?us 9 ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas #ih he is allud$ to z ,magueycoatl1 8,s]p5t ( ! ,maguey10 & he 0 also kn[n z ,mexitli1 or 8,h>e ( ! ,maguey10 a title f :i* "o ( ! qu>t]s ( ,t5o*titlan1 & lat] ! entire city1 took its "n ( ,mexico4 ,at ! panquetzaliztli fe/ival held 9 8 hon\r1 ! w>riors :o skirmi%$ on 8 side 9 mimicry ( 8 combat ) ! ,c5tzonuitznaua 7 said to take ! "p ( ,uitznauatl1 #ii or 8,?orn t speaks oracul>ly40 ,9 c]ta9 ( ! place-names :i* are hi]oglyphically figur$ 9 ! codices1 too1 ! elem5t ( 8 "n is depict$ z a maguey-plant4 ,sahagun fur!r /ates t ! proprietors ( ! maguey plantations & ! publicans :o sold octli or pulque cut _! plants s t !y might yield _! juice dur+ ! sign ce tecpatl1 ! movable fea/ ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 9 ! belief t1 7 !y tapp$ at ?is "t1 !y w\ld yield abundantly4 #ajj ,etymologically1 !re is good evid5ce t ,uitzilopo*tli orig9ally repres5t$ ! maguey4 ,! ^w uitztli means 8?orn10 & appe>s 9 su* comp\nds z ,uitzlampa1 8,place ( ,?orns0 7! ,s\?71 & ,uitznauatl1 8,! ,?orn t speaks10 :i*1 z we h se51 0 ano!r1 & probably an old]1 title ( ! god4 ,uitzoctli1 too1 z ,sel] has indicat$1 #aja means 8prick+ pulque10 newly f]m5t$ octli4 ,x w\ld seem1 !n1 t ! "n ,uitzilopo*tli1 until n[ g5]ally translat$ z 8,humm+-bird-to-!-left10 & r5d]$ by ,sel] 8,humm+-bird ( ! ,s\?10 mu/ possess ano!r significance = u4 ,opo*tli c]ta9ly means bo? 8s\?0 & 8left10 b x also means 8wiz>d10 z 9 ! comp\nd tlahuipu*tli1 8wiz>d :o spits fire10 in/anc$ by ,torquemada1 #ajb :o /ates t "s p]sons d]iv$ ! god's "n f t ^w1 comb9$ ) uitzil991 8a humm+-bird40 #ajc ,x is easy to see h[ ! god came to be associat$ ) ! humm+-bird1 :i* susp5ds its ne/ f ! foliage ( ! maguey4 ,x w\ld appe> to ! ,mexicans to em]ge f ! leaves ( t plant1 & w\ld come to be reg>d$ z ! =m :i* ! maguey-_s took4 ,inde$1 ! humm+-bird dress or disguise is t 9 :i* ,uitzilopo*tli is almo/ inv>iably repres5t$ 9 ! codices4 ,x 0 9 ! %ape ( a humm+-bird t ! god 0 said to h l$ ! ,aztec f _! anci5t home to ! ,valley ( ,anahuac1 & 8 flights w\ld probably be consid]$ om9\s & sugge/ive to augurs1 l ^? ( ! ,lat9 ,picus4 ,b x is possible t a c]ta9 degree ( confusion arose betwe5 ! elem5ts uitzil99 7humm+-bird7 & uitztli 7?orn71 t ?is assi/$ ! belief t he took ! %ape ( a humm+-bird & t ! explanatory my? ( ! h]o-god ,uitziton ref]s to ?is bird 9 an an?ropomorphic %ape4 ,^! facts lead me to inf] t ! "n implies 8,humm+-bird ,wiz>d10 = ,uitzilopo*tli 01 z ,sahagun says1 #ajd 8a necromanc] & fri5d ( disguises10 & wiz>ds are univ]sally conceiv$ ( z 8s9i/]10 :i* ,engli% ^w means bo? 8on ! left h&0 & 8inauspici\s10 & 8malign10 z does ! ,lat9 ^w f :i* x is d]iv$4 ,! same holds good ( ! ,mexican ^w4 ,! sub-titles ( ! god1 ,uitznauatl & ,magueycoatl1 %[--! fir/1 t ! ideas ( sorc]y & oracul> spee* 7 connect$ ) him2 & ! second1 t he 0 ( a s]p5t9e or v5om\s disposition1 l ! liquor di/ill$ f ! plant ov] :i* he presid$1 ! intoxicat+ qualities ( :i* 7 reg>d$ z induc+ prophetic inspiration4 ,t ! maguey-plant ent]$ into ,uitzilopo*tli's insignia seems probable f ! circum/ance t at 8 fe/ival 9 ! mon? toxcatl 8 d\gh image 0 surm\nt$ by a fl9t knife half cov]$ ) blood4 #aje ,9 ! codices ! sacrificial /one knife is frequ5tly depict$ z gr[+ 9 plant-l bundles out ( ! gr\nd1 ?is arti/ic & conv5tional =m be>+ a close resemblance to ! maguey plant1 ) ! sp9es ( :i* ! ,mexican prie/s pi]c$ _! tongues & e>s to procure a blood-(f]+4 ,8 prim>y "* not)/&+1 ,uitzilopo*tli 9 lat] times came to possess a v diff]5t significance = ! ,mexicans ( ,t5o*titlan--su* a significance1 9 %ort1 z ! developm5t ( _! religi\s conceptions dem&$4 ,?us we f9d him at ! p]iod ( ! ,spani% ,conque/ possess+ sol> *>act]i/ics & a place 9 ! ,mexican pan!on :i*1 if n ! mo/ important1 _h ess5tially ! greate/ local significance 9 ! city ( ,t5o*titlan1 ( :i* he 0 ! tutel>y god4 ,8 /atus 9 ! days ( ! second ,motecuhzoma is1 p]haps1 mo/ cle>ly illu/rat$ by ! circum/ances ( 8 my? z giv5 by ,sahagun1 :i* is obvi\sly tiological & exhibits ! influ5ces bo? ( prie/ly contrivance & popul> imag9ation4 ,8 "m1 ,coatlicue1 has be5 else:]e 9 ?is "w id5tifi$ ) ! e>?1 b 9 ! my? is euhem]iz$ z a pi\s wid[4 ,t %e 0 orig9ally "o ( ^? m\nta9 goddesses1 l ,xo*iquetzal1 f ^: sacr$ heights ! ra9 desc5d$ to ! p>*$ fields ( ,mexico1 seems pla9 f ! "n ( h] abode1 ,coatepetl 78,s]p5t ,m\nta9071 ! s]p5ts ( :i* h] skirt is compos$1 be+ symbolical1 p]haps1 ( ! num]\s /reams fl[+ f ! t>ns or pools situat$ on its l[] acclivities4 ,t su* a m\nta9 actually exi/$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,tollan is prov$ by ! /atem5t ( ,sahagun4 ,uitzilopo*tli is ! sun :i* rises out ( ! m\nta91 #ajf or is born f x1 fully arm$ ) ! xiuhcoatl1 or fire-snake 7! r$ dawn71 ) :i* he slays 8 si/] ,coyolxauhqui1 ! moon1 ^: lun> attributes are cle>ly def9$ 9 h] face-pa9t+1 :i* comprises half-moons & a %ell-motif1 a lun> symbol4 ,h] nose-plate is also ! half-moon symbol4 ,! ,c5tzonuitznaua1 or 8,f\r ,hundr$ ,s\!rn]s10 are ! />s ( ! ,s\!rn ,hemisph]e4 ,^! ! new-born god puts to flight ) ease4 #ajg ,if fur!r v]ification ( :at is obvi\sly a mo/ artificial & op]ose my? is requir$1 x is only necess>y to indicate t "o ( ! subsidi>y names ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 z record$ by ,sahagun1 0 ,ilhuicatl ,xox\hqui1 8,! ,blue ,heav510 ! expanse ( ! sky1 %[+ t1 l _m ano!r sun-god1 he typifi$ ! blue vault ( heav54 #ajh ,aco/a1 too1 /ates t ! azure col\r ( 8 ?rone signifi$ 8t he sat 9 ! heav5s40 #aji ,b ! my? possesses an allegorical z well z an tiological "*4 ,?us ,coatlicue1 ! e>?1 is fructifi$ by ! ball ( humm+-birds' fea!rs1 t is1 by ! humm+-bird itself1 :i*1 9 ,mexico1 is ! means ( fructify+ ! plants1 its movem5ts caus+ ! transf] ( ! poll5 f ! /am5s to ! g]m-cells4 ,h[1 !n1 may we reconcile ! primitive feti% ( ! maguey-plant ) ! lat] sol> deity8 ,9 my view ! c\rse ( developm5t ( ! concept ( ,uitzilopo*tli is mu* ! same z t ( ! ,hell5ic god ,apollo1 :o1 orig9ally a _s ( ! apple-tree1 #aaj came 9 l mann] to be reg>d$ z ! god ( ! sun4 ,b1 to adh]e to ! ,mexican concept1 ! sun 0 reg>d$ by ! peoples ( ,anahuac z ! great eat] ( he>ts & dr9k] ( blood4 ,^! mu/ be obta9$ = him by w>1 or he w\ld p]i%1 & all creation along ) him4 ,uitzilopo*tli1 z ! _s ( ! maguey-plant1 0 ! tribal feti% ( ! ,aztec1 & !re=e _! natural lead] 9 battle4 ,! connection is obvi\s & does n require to be lab\r$4 ,because ( 8 tribal lead]%ip 9 w>1 a gov]nance ( :i* ,mexican my? & hi/ory be> eloqu5t te/imony1 he became conf\nd$ ) ! lum9>y :i* dem&$ blood & liv$ by human /rife4 ,! sol> connection ( ! octli liquor yield$ by 8 plant is also mo/ cle>4 ,says ,duran #aaa3 8,! octli 0 a fav\rite (f]+ to ! gods1 & especially to ! god ( fire4 ,sometimes x 0 plac$ be=e a fire 9 vases2 sometimes x 0 scatt]$ ^u ! flames ) a bru% 7asp]gillum872 at o!r times x 0 p\r$ out ar\nd ! fire-place40 ,fire is1 ( c\rse1 a surrogate ( ! sun1 & ,sel] has already id5tifi$ ,uitzilopo*tli z a fire-god 9 virtue ( 8 /atus z a sun-deity1 #aab %[+ t ! drill+ ( ! sol> fire be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! new cycle ( fifty-two ye>s 0 def]r$ until ! panquetzalitztli1 ! great fea/ ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,jac9to de la ,s]na1 too1 says t ! octli ritual invok$ ! 8%9+ ,rose2 light-giv+ ,rose1 to receive & rejoice my he>t be=e ! god40 ,! 8rose10 ( c\rse1 ref]r+ to ! fire or sun4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t be=e he became conf\nd$ or id5tifi$ ) ! sun1 ,uitzilopo*tli may h possess$ a lun> significance1 & ?is may h obta9$ 9 ! p]iod :ile yet ! cal5d> 0 reckon$ ^u a lun> basis & its sol> connection /ill rema9$ undef9$4 ,! "n ,mexitli1 :i* has already be5 rem>k$ ^u1 & :i* means 8,h>e ( ! ,maguey0 appe>s to place ,uitzilopo*tli ^u a level ) ! o!r gods ( octli1 if n to class him z "o ( ^!4 ,x be>s a suspici\s resemblance1 too1 to ! "n ( ! ,moon-god1 ,metztli4 ,! h>e or rabbit 9 ,mexico 0 inv>iably associat$ bo? ) ! moon & ! octli-gods1 ^: *ief *>act]i/ic1 p]haps1 is ! lun> nose-plate4 ,b among _m ( ! native tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ica ! h>e or rabbit is ! repres5tative ( ! sun or ! dawn1 "u ! names ( ,mi*abo1 ,manibozho1 ,wabos1 & s =?1 be+ describ$ 9 my? z a w>rior1 h]o-god & culture-br+]4 ,p]haps ! ,nahua1 :ile /ill 9 a m nor!rn region :]e ! agave 0 unkn[n to !m1 wor%ipp$ ! rabbit ( ! sun or moon1 & on e/abli%+ !mselves 9 a region :]e ! maguey 0 "o ( ! sali5t features 9 ! l&scape1 fus$ 8 my? ) t ( a newly-acquir$ feti%1 disc>d+ lat] ! m anci5t belief1 or reta9+ b a confus$ memory ( x4 ,b ?is tra9 ( reason+ lacks evid5ce to support x4 ,nor ne$ ! consid]ation ( ,uitzilopo*tli's s]p5t-=m deta9 u long4 ,i ?9k ,i see 9 ! my? :i* rec\nts h[ ! ,aztec1 on settl+ 9 ,t5o*titlan1 beheld an eagle p]*$ on a cactus ) a s]p5t 9 its talons1 "s relation to ,uitzilopo*tli1 b :at x precisely port5ds is /ill obscure to me4 ,9 any case ! symbol ( ! eagle ent]s into 8 insignia1 z does t ( ! s]p5t4 ,we w recall t he 0 kn[n z ,magueycoatl1 #aac 8,s]p5t ( ! ,maguey40 ,aga9 ! sol> "* ( ! s]p5t 9 ,am]ica1 z else:]e1 readily acc\nts = 8 lat] connection ) x1 & = ! preval5ce ( s]p5t9e =ms 9 8 insignia & temple4 ,b ,i confess t ^! two po9ts ( contact ) ! s]p5t d n altoge!r satisfy me z reg>ds ! god's connection ) x1 nor does ! fact ( ! s]p5t9e "* ( 8 "m comm5d itself to me z altoge!r explanatory ( ?is1 & ,i ?9k we mu/ look to ,uitzilopo*tli's nature z a wiz>d or sorc]] to enlight5 u ^u ?is po9t4 ,jac9to de la ,s]na #aad /ates t 9 8 "t "s ( ! ,mexican conjur]s us$ a w& ar\nd :i* 0 fa/5$ a liv+ s]p5t1 9 mu* ! same way z ! prie/s ( ! ,pueblo ,indians d at ! pres5t day2 & z ! great invisible m$ic9e man ( ! tribe1 ,uitzilopo*tli may h be5 ?\ght ( z do+ ! same4 8,:o is a manito80 asks ! ,m$a *ant ( ! ,algonqu9s4 8,he10 is ! reply1 8:o walke? ) a s]p5t1 he is a manito40 ,= ! connection ( ! ,indian magicians ) ! s]p5t ! read] is ref]r$ to ! pages ( ,br9ton4 #aae ,9 _m l&s ! s]p5t is ! symbol ( reproductive p[] & has a phallic significance4 ,9 ,mexico he ca/s 8 w9t] sk9 ne> ! "t ( ,uitzilopo*tli's fir/ fe/ival1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,moreov]1 ?is reptile is connect$ ) soo?say+1 & 9 ?is respect resembles ! god4 ,8 my?s1 z well z 8 /atus 9 ,mexico-,t5o*titlan1 ( :i* he 0 ! tutel>y deity1 make x pla9 t ,uitzilopo*tli 0 a tribal god ( ! ,aztec1 _! national god p> excell5ce4 ,! brave ,quauhtemoc1 ! la/ native def5d] ( ! city1 imag9$ himself inv9cible :5 arm$ ) ! b[ & arr[s ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 & we "k t ! advice ( ! oracle ( t deity 0 s\ght by ! ,mexicans :5 h>d press$ by ! ,conqui/adores4 ,nor is !re any dubiety reg>d+ 8 "* z a god ( w>4 ,?is may h aris5 f ! circum/ance t he presid$ ov] ! liquor :i* 0 giv5 to ! troops :5 ab\t to engage 9 battle1 or1 z has be5 said1 may h foll[$ 8 promotion to ! rank ( sun-god1 ! deity ( human sacrifice1 ! god :o dem&$ human he>ts & blood4 ,a l>g] numb] ( captives 7 devot$ to him ?an to any o!r div9ity1 & z ! wag+ ( w> 0 ! only means by :i* s _m victims might be procur$1 ! sun w\ld naturally become ! great patron ( /rife4 ,z ! sun is ! great c5tral cause ( all agricultural success1 s ,uitzilopo*tli came to be look$ ^u z "o ( ! promot]s ( plant gr[?1 z is witness$ by 8 fe/ivals1 :i* syn*ronize ) ! fir/ ra9fall ( ! ye>1 ! gr[? ( plant life1 & ! end ( ! fruitful season1 :51 9 ! =m ( a pa/e image1 ! god 0 sla94 ,he is ?us ! sun ( ! season ( pl5ty1 z 8 8bro!r0 ,tezcatlipoc repres5ts t ( s]5ess & dr\ght4 ,he is ! 8"y w>rior0 ( ! ,s\?1 :o drives away ! evil spirits ( ! dry season & causes ! l& to rejoice4 ,,tezcatlipoc 8,,fi]y ,,mirror0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,nahua t]ritory g5]ally1 ) ext5sion into ,c5tral ,am]ica 7z ,hurakan74 ,m9or ,names3 ,titlacahuan--8,he ^: slaves we are40 ,yaotl--8,enemy40 ,yaomauitl--8,dread$ ,enemy40 ,*ico ,yaotl--8,enemy on "o side40 ,necoc ,yaotl--8,enemy on bo? sides40 ,moyocoyotz9--8,caprici\s ,"l40 ,uitznahuac ,yaotl--8,w>rior 9 ! ,s\!rn ,h\se or ,temple40 ,tlaco*calco ,yaotl--8,w>rior 9 ! 7,nor!rn7 ,spe> ,h\se40 ,telpo*tli--8,! ,y\?40 ,neaualpilli--8,fa/+ ,"l40 ,itztli--8,obsidian40 ,fe/ivals3 ,toxcatl1 teotleco1 & ! movable fea/s ce miquiztli1 ce mal9alli1 & ome coatl4 ,compass ,directions3 ,nor? & s\? 9 diff]5t aspects4 ,gu>dian ( ! fif? qu>t]1 8! bel[ & above40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! #ah? day1 tecpatl2 rul] ( ! second tonalamatl qu>t]1 ! region ( ! nor?2 z ,itztli1 second ( ! n9e lords ( ! night2 rul] ( ! #ac? day-c\nt acatl4 ,symbol3 ,! smok+ or fi]y mirror2 ! obsidian knife4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,by f> ! be/ repres5tation ( ,tezcatlipoc 9 any ( ! manuscripts is t to be f\nd on page #ag ( ,codex ,borgia1 :]e he is se5 9 connection ) ! insignia ( ! tw5ty cal5dric days4 ,! picture on ! l[] "r portion ( page #ba is )\t ^! symbols1 b is almo/ id5tical ) ! =m] figure4 ,! god we>s ! black body-pa9t ( a prie/1 & 8 face-pa9t+ is simil> to t ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 t is1 x consi/s ( black horizontal /ripes ^u a yell[ gr\nd1 ! latt] hav+ ! same orig9 z 9 ! case ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,f 8 back rises a v l>ge & elaborate bun* ( fea!r plumes1 :i* ar*es itself ov] 8 head4 ,8 hair1 dress$ 9 a mann] :i* resembles ! 8night-hair0 ( ,mictlantecutli1 is ornam5t$ ) fea!r-balls z indicat+ 8 sacrificial "*1 & 9 ! picture on page #ba sev]al ( ^! dep5d f 8 side-locks4 ,he we>s ! :ite r+ 7anauatl7 on 8 brea/1 & a %ort tunic1 seem+ly cov]$ ) /ell> devices4 ,8 "r foot ends 9 ! smok+ mirror symbolic ( 8 "n & 9 :i* he 0 suppos$ to obs]ve ! actions ( humanity1 & on page #ba he c>ries ! jagu>-sk9 purse 9 :i* ! prie/s plac$ copal = inc5se4 ,9 8 left h& he holds a %ield1 ! field ( :i* is a tawny yell[ 9 col\r1 trav]s$ by two :ite /ripes1 & a pap] bann]4 ,on page #c ! god is %[n 9 a spr++ attitude4 ,he we>s ! face & body-pa9t *>act]i/ic ( him1 & ! w>rior's headdress1 ) hair t\sl$ on "o side1 & ! blue nasal rod1 ) squ>e plaque1 fall+ ov] ! m\?4 ,at ! side ( ! head is ! fi]y mirror :i* gives him 8 "n4 ,on page #ad he is se5 we>+ on 8 brea/1 & fa/5$ to two /rong r$ lea!r /raps1 ! :ite r+ teocuitlaanauatl1 an ornam5t resembl+ a l>ge1 r\nd eye4 ,on 8 back is a fea!r device kn[n z ! 8quetzal fea!r-pot40 ,! "r foot1 z 9 o!r pictures ( him1 is replac$ by a small fi]y mirror & 8 left by an obsidian knife4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,9 ?is manuscript ,tezcatlipoc is depict$ ) ! yell[-&-black face-pa9t+1 b 9 8 =m z a black god4 ,at 8 =ehead is ! smok+ mirror1 on 8 back ! l>ge quetzal-fea!r ornam5t ) a bann]1 on 8 brea/ ! anauatl1 & r\nd 8 lo9s ! hip-clo?1 ) a bord]+ ( r$ eyes4 ,on 8 feet he we>s s&als %[+ ! motif ( ! obsidian snake1 & 8 headdress is pa9t$ ) ! /ell> symbol1 ! r\nd :ite spots on a black gr\nd1 :i* typifies ! night sky4 ,"h also we see two bamboo /aves atta*$ to 8 neck--und\bt$ly ! coll> worn by captives or slaves :i* r5d]$ flight impossible1 & :i* ,tezcatlipoc we>s to symbolize 8 enslavem5t ( ! ,mexican p & 9 allusion to 8 "n ,titlacauan1 :i* means 8,he ^: slaves we are40 ,! spe> & ! net-p\* 9 ?is place recall ! insignia ( ,mixcoatl1 & seem to indicate t ,tezcatlipoc 0 a god ( ! ,*i*imec or hunt+ folk ( ! ,nor? ,/eppes1 or p]haps x may m]ely symbolize ! pron5ess ( all /ell>1 lun> & sol> deities 9 ,mexico to ! *ase4 ,tonalamatl ( ! ,aub9 ,collection4--,9 ?is manuscript ,tezcatlipoc appe>s z ! repres5tative ( ! ,moon-god & sits opposite ! ,sun-god4 ,he is %[n ) 8 usual attributes & face-pa9t+1 ! smok+ mirror 9 ! region ( ! e>1 ! :ite r+ on 8 brea/1 & on 8 back ! quetzalcomitl1 ! l>ge quetzal-fea!r ornam5t 9 :i* a bann] is /uck4 ,9 8 "r h& he holds sev]al ( ! agave-spikes :i* ! prie/s employ$ = pi]c+ ! tongue4 ,9 ?is manuscript ! ,dea?-god is also depict$ z ,tezcatlipoc1 & we>s 8 body-&-face pa9t+ & 8 g5]al insignia1 z well z ! rosette at ! nape ( ! neck4 ,9 ?is place1 h[ev]1 ! snail-%ap$ %ield rises above ! =ehead1 :i* is also decorat$ ) a r[ ( fea!r balls & a s+le ar>a plume4 ,codex ,magliabec*iano4--,a good illu/ration ( ,tezcatlipoc w be f\nd on page #hi ( ?is codex4 ,! figure ( ! god is surr\nd$ by footpr9ts1 symbolic1 probably1 ( ! circum/ance t z ! y\nge/ & swifte/ ( ! gods he arriv$ fir/ at ! teotleco fe/ival 7com+ ( ! gods7 & impress$ 8 footpr9t on ! heap ( maize arrang$ by ! prie/s = its reception 9 ord] t !y might "k ( 8 com+4 ,he we>s a l>ge pana*e ( gre5 fea!rs1 consi/+ ( two p>ts2 t imm$iately above ! face be+ ins]t$ 9 a tumbl]-%ap$ ornam5t pa9t$ blue1 ) a r$ rim1 & hav+ six :ite disks ^u its field4 ,to ! l[] "p ( ?is is jo9$ a ra9b[-l device 9 v>i\s col\rs1 f :i* spr+s ! ma9 "p ( ! fea!r pana*e4 ,! upp] =e-"p ( ! face is pa9t$ yell[1 ! re> portion purple or grey1 & ! region ab\t ! m\? is bright r$4 ,he is be>d$4 ,! tunic is :ite1 ) a :ite %\ld]-knot1 & a bun* ( maize spr+s f ! "r %\ld]4 ,on ! brea/ is ! god's mirror1 & at ! wai/ an ornam5t or symbol resembl+ ! ,maya ,k9 7sun7 sign1 pa9t$ blue4 ,! re/ ( ! body-col\r is purple-grey4 ,9 ! left h& he c>ries an atlatl1 or spe>-?r[]1 ) a s]p5t's head hav+ a br[n mane1 & be>+ a resemblance to "s horse-l ornam5tal motifs f\nd 9 ,guatemala4 ,9 ! "r h& he be>s a %ield1 ! field ( :i* is divid$ into two p>ts1 ! "r pa9t$ blue & be>+ :at w\ld seem to be ! nose-ornam5t ( ! pulque-gods1 :il/ ! left resembles ! design f\nd on ! skirt ( ! ,e>?-goddess4 ,! %ield is cross$ beh9d by f\r d>ts & is surm\nt$ by a befea!r$ bann]4 ,9 ?is place ,tezcatlipoc is und\bt$ly repres5t$ 9 8 v>iant ( 8! "y w>rior10 z 8 equipm5t %[s4 ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,! god's fea!r cr[n is set ) obsidian knives4 ,8 face is b>r$ ) horizontal l9es ( black1 & on 8 back he c>ries a basket fill$ ) quetzal-fea!rs4 ,8 arm-r+ is set ) obsidian knives1 & "o-half ( 8 leg is pa9t$ black4 ,on 8 legs & feet he we>s %ells & s&als1 ! latt] ! s-call$ 8obsidian s&als10 pa9t$ ) a picture ( ! obsidian snake4 ,8 arms are cov]$ ) pap] fans4 ,8 %ield is inlaid ) fea!r balls1 & 9 "o ( 8 h&s he holds ! 8see+0 or scry+ implem5t tla*ialoni4 ,aco/a1 describ+ ,tezcatlipoc1 says #aaf3 8,!y call$ ?is idol ,tezcallipuca1 he 0 made ( black1 %9+ /one l to ,jayel1 be+ attir$ ) "s ,g5tile devises aft] _! mann]4 ,x _h e>-r+s ( gold & silv]1 & ?r\gh ! ne!r lip a small canon ( *ri/all1 9 l5g? half a foote1 9 ! :i* !y sometimes put a gre5e fea!r1 & sometimes an azure1 :i* made x resemble sometimes an em]ald & sometimes a turquois4 ,x _h ! haire broid$ & b\nd up ) a haire-lace ( gold burni%$1 at ! end :]e( did hang an e>e ( gold1 ) two fire-br&s ( smoke pa9t$ !re9 :i* did signify ! praires ( ! afflict$ & s9n]s t he he>d1 :5 !y recomm5d$ !mselves to him4 ,betwixt ! two e>es hang$ a numb] ( small h]ons4 ,he _h a jewell hang+ at 8 neck s great t x cov]$ all 8 /omake4 ,^u 8 armes bracelets ( gold1 ^u 8 navill a ri*1 gre5 /one1 & 9 8 left h& a fanne ( preci\s fea!rs1 ( gre5e1 azure & yell[1 :i* came =? ( a look+-glasse ( gold1 %9+ & well-burni%$1 & t signifi$1 t )9 ?is look+-glasse he saw :atev] 0 done 9 ! _w4 ,!y call$ ?is glasse or *a/on ( gold irla*eaya1 #aag :i* signifies 8 glass = to look 94 ,9 8 "r h& he held f\re d>ts :i* signifi$ ! *a/isem5t he gave to ! wick$ = _! s9s4444 ,!y held ?is idoll ,tescatlipuca = ! god ( dr\ght1 ( fam9e1 b>r5ness & pe/il5ce4 ,& !re=e !y pa9t$ him 9 ano!r =m1 be+ set 9 great maje/y ^u a /oole1 compass$ 9 ) a r$ curt91 pa9t$ & wr\ght ) ! heads & bones ( dead m54 ,9 ! left h& x _h a t>get ) five p9es1 l unto p9e apples ( cotton1 & 9 ! "r a little d>t ) a ?reat5+ c\nt5ance1 & ! arm /ret*$ out z if he w\ld ca/ x & f ! t>get came f\re d>ts4 ,x _h ! c\nt5ance ( an angry man & 9 *oll]1 ! body all pa9t$ blacke & ! head full ( quailes fea!rs40 ,b]nal ,diaz says ( him 7bk4 vi4 c4 #ia73 8,!n we saw on ! o!r side on ! left h& !re /ood ! o!r great image ! same height z ,hui*ilobos1 & x _h a face l a be> #aah & eyes t %one1 made ( _! mirrors :i* !y call ,tezcat1 & ! body pla/]$ ) preci\s /ones l t ( ,hui*ilobos1 = !y say t ! two are bro!rs2 & ?is ,tezcatepuca 0 ! god ( ,hell & _h *>ge ( ! s\ls ( ! ,mexicans1 & 8 body 0 girt ) figures l little devils ) snakes' tails40 ,face-mask4--,:5 ,cortz l&$ at ,v]a ,cruz1 ! mess5g]s ( ,motecuhzoma t5d]$ him1 along ) o!r pres5ts1 8! ornam5ts or f9]y ) :i* ,tezcatlipoc 0 decorat$40 ,! mask belong+ to ?is co/ume is /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & is to be se5 9 ! room devot$ to ,am]ican antiquities 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x consi/s ( a human skull encru/$ ) mosaic 9 alt]nate b&s ( black & gre51 ! nasal cavity be+ set ) a r$ /one & ! eyes ) pyrites r+$ ) :ite4 ,/atuette4--,a /atuette ( ,tezcatlipoc f ! ,valley ( ,mexico1 & n[ 9 ! ,uhde collection1 %[s ! god z nude1 ) ! exception ( a lo9-clo? & a flat headdress1 ris+ 9 ! middle4 ,tezcatlipoc 9 ,8 ,black & ,r$ ,=ms4--,tezcatlipoc 0 reg>d$ by ! ,mexican p z possess+ two def9ite =ms1 ! ,black & ! ,r$4 ,9 ?is p>agraph we w deal only ) ! insignia ( ^! & n ) _! my?ological significance1 :i* we w attempt to expla9 9 its prop] place4 ,p]haps ! be/ & mo/ classical examples ( ^! =ms we possess are to be obs]v$ on %eet #ba ( ,codex ,borgia1 on bo? halves ( :i* we see ! two =ms repres5t$ z p>allel figures1 closely resembl+ "o ano!r 9 ne>ly e detail4 ,x %\ld at once be /at$ t ! ,r$ ,tezcatlipoc is m]ely a v>iant ( ,xipe1 & inde$ 9 "o place 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b we obs]ve t 8 lo9-clo? =ks 9 ! swall[-tail fa%ion noticeable 9 ! lo9-clo? ( t god1 &1 g5]ally speak+1 ! r$ col\rs he we>s are ^? ( ! roseate spoon-bill1 ! fea!rs ( :i* are typical ( ,xipe's dress4 ,^! pictures 9 ! ,codex ,borgia are supplem5t$ by two on %eets #he & #hf ( ,vaticanus ,b1 :]e ! swall[-tail ends ( ! lo9-clo? & ! nasal rod %[ di/9ctly t ! ,r$ ,tezcatlipoc is only a =m ( ,xipe4 ,! ,black ,tezcatlipoc opposite him is1 h[ev]1 repres5t$ ) ! /rip$ body-pa9t ( ,tlauizcalpantecutli1 ! arms be+ entirely black4 ,9 ! ,borgia pa9t+s ! ,black ,tezcatlipoc we>s ! black body-pa9t ( ! prie/1 8 face-pa9t is alt]nately black & yell[1 he has ! w>rior's t\sl$ hair1 ! nasal rod ) ! squ>e plaque fall+ ov] ! m\?1 ! =k$ h]on-fea!r adornm5t 9 8 hair1 & on 8 temple ! smok+ mirror4 ,! foot1 too1 is torn (f & replac$ by a smok+ mirror--all symbolical ( ! 8/&>d0 "* ( ! god's sable =m4 ,! ,r$ ,tezcatlipoc repres5t$ 9 ! upp] portion ( ,borgia 7%eet #ba7 has a yell[ face-pa9t+ /rip$ ) horizontal b&s ( r$ & 8 body-pa9t is r$4 ,on ! r$ b&s cross+ ! face is se5 ! /ell> eye4 ,a br[n fillet encircles a r$ headdress1 & ! torn-(f foot is also replac$ by ! smok+ mirror4 ,on 8 back is se5 ! bundle ( ! m]*ant1 surm\nt$ by ! ar>a bird1 two symbols :i* indicate 8 s\!rn "*4 ,! repres5tation ( ! ,r$ ,tezcatlipoc 9 ! l[] portion ( %eet #ba is practically simil> to ?is1 save t he we>s fea!r balls & h]on plumes 9 8 headdress1 is )\t ! m]*ant's pack1 & holds 9 "o h& ! jagu>-sk9 copal-bag ( ! prie/s & ! smok+ rubb] ball us$ z inc5se4 ,^! =ms ( ! god h be5 laid d[n 9 my? z di/9ctly sep>ate deities1 especially 9 ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas4 #aai ,,fe/ivals ,toxcatl4--,?is1 "o ( ! mo/ important ( all ! ,mexican fe/ivals1 is describ$ by ,sahagun sub/antially z foll[s3 ,! fif? mon? call$ toxcatl & sometimes tepopo*uiliztli1 0 begun by ! mo/ solemn & fam\s fea/ ( ! ye>1 9 hon\r ( ! pr9cipal ,mexican god1 a god kn[n by a multitude ( names & epi!ts1 among :i* 7 ,tezcatlipoc1 ,titlacaoan1 ,yautl1 ,telpu*tli1 & ,tlamatz9catl4 ,a ye> be=e ?is fea/ "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ! captives res]v$ = sacrifice 0 *os5 = 8 sup]ior grace & p]sonal appe>ance f among all 8 fell[s1 & giv5 9 *>ge to ! prie/ly function>ies call$ calpixques4 ,^! in/ruct$ him ) great dilig5ce 9 all ! arts p]ta9+ to good bre$+1 su* z play+ on ! flute1 deportm5t1 conv]sation1 salut+ ^? he happ5$ to meet1 ! use ( /raight cane tobacco-pipes & ( fl[]s4 ,he 0 att5d$ ^u by eight pages1 :o 7 clad 9 ! liv]y ( ! palace1 & _h p]fect lib]ty to g :]e he pleas$ night & day2 :ile 8 food 0 s ri* t1 to gu>d aga9/ 8 gr[+ too fat1 x 0 at times necess>y to v>y ! diet by a purge ( salt & wat]4 ,ev]y:]e hon\r$ & ador$ z ! liv+ image & accr$it$ repres5tative ( ,tezcatlipoc1 he w5t ab\t play+ on a small %rill clay flute or fife1 & adorn$ ) ri* & curi\s raim5t furni%$ by ! k+1 :ile all he met did him rev]5ce1 kiss+ ! e>?4 ,all 8 body & face 0 pa9t$ black1 8 long hair fl[$ to ! wai/2 8 head 0 cov]$ ) :ite h5s' fea!rs /uck on ) res91 & cov]$ ) a g>l& ( ! fl[]s call$ izquixo*itl1 #abj :ile two /r+s ( ! same fl[]s cross$ 8 body 9 ! fa%ion ( cross-belts4 ,e>r+s ( gold1 a necklace ( preci\s /ones1 ) a great dep5d5t gem hang+ to ! brea/1 a lip-ornam5t 7b>bote7 ( sea-%ell1 bracelets ( gold above ! elb[ on ea* arm1 & /r+s ( gems call$ macuextlu w9d+ f wri/ almo/ to elb[1 7 "p ( 8 ornam5ts4 ,he 0 cov]$ ) a ri*1 beautifully fr+$ mantle ( nett+1 & bore on 8 %\ld]s some?+ l a purse made ( :ite clo? ( a span squ>e1 ornam5t$ ) tassels & a fr+e4 ,a :ite maxtle ( a span broad w5t ab\t 8 lo9s1 ! two ends1 curi\sly wr\ght1 fall+ 9 front almo/ to ! knee4 ,little bells ( gold hung ^u 8 feet1 :i* 7 %od ) pa9t$ s&als call$ ocelunacace4 ,all ?is 0 ! attire he wore f ! beg9n+ ( 8 ye> ( prep>ation2 b tw5ty days be=e ! com+ ( ! fe/ival !y *ang$ 8 ve/m5ts1 wa%$ away ! pa9t or dye f 8 sk91 & cut d[n 8 long hair to ! l5g?1 & arrang$ x aft] ! fa%ion1 ( ! hair ( ! capta9s1 ty+ x up on ! cr[n ( ! head ) fea!rs & fr+e & two gold-button$ tassels4 ,at ! same "t !y m>ri$ to him f\r damsels1 :o _h be5 pamp]$ & educat$ = ?is purpose1 & :o 7 surnam$ respectively aft] ! f\r goddesses1 ,xo*iquetzal1 ,xilon51 ,atlantonan1 & ,uixtociuatl4 ,five days be=e ! great day ( ! fea/1 ! day ( ! fea/ be+ c\nt$ "o1 all ! p1 high & l[1 ! k+ x w\ld appe> be+ alone except$1 w5t out to celebrate ) ! man-god a solemn banquet & dance1 9 ! w>d call$ ,tecanman2 ! f\r? day be=e ! fea/ ! same 0 done 9 ! w>d 9 :i* 0 gu>d$ ! /atue ( ,tezcatlipoc4 ,! little hill or isl& call$ ,tepetz9co1 ris+ out ( ! wat]s ( ! ,lake ( ,mexico1 0 ! sc5e ( ! next day's solemnities2 :i* 7 r5ew$ = ! la/ "t on ! next day1 or t imm$iately prec$+ ! great day1 on ano!r l isl& call$ ,tepelpulco1 or ,tepepulco4 ,!re1 ) ! f\r wom5 :o _h be5 giv5 to him = 8 consolation1 ! hon\r$ victim 0 put into a cov]$ canoe usually res]v$ = ! sole use ( ! k+1 & he 0 c>ri$ across ! lake to a place call$ ,tlapitzaoayan1 ne> ! road t goes f ,yztapalapan to ,*alco1 at a place :]e 0 a little hill call$ ,acaccuilpan1 or ,cabaltepec4 ,"h left him ! f\r beautiful girls ^: society = tw5ty days he _h enjoy$1 !y return+ to ! capital ) all ! p4 ,!re accompani$ him only ^? eight att5dants :o _h be5 ) him all ! ye>4 ,almo/ alone1 done ) ! joys ( beauty1 banquet1 & dance1 be>+ a bundle ( 8 flutes1 he walk$ to a little cu1 "s di/ance f ! road m5tion$ above1 & ab\t a league remov$ f ! city4 ,he m>*$ up ! temple /eps2 & z he asc5d$ he da%$ d[n & broke on e /ep "o ( ! flutes t he _h be5 accu/om$ to play on 9 ! days ( 8 prosp]ity4 ,he rea*$ ! top1 :]e he 0 sacrific$4 ,f ! sacrificial /one 8 body 0 n hurl$ d[n ! /eps1 b 0 c>ri$ by f\r m5 d[n to ! tzompantli1 to ! place ( ! spitt+ ( heads4 ,9 ?is fea/ ( toxcatl1 9 ! cu call$ ,uitznahuac1 :]e ! image ( ,uitzilopo*tli 0 always kept1 ! prie/s made a bu/ ( ?is god out ( tzoalli d\gh1 ) pieces ( mizquitl #aba-wood ins]t$ by way ( bones4 ,!y decorat$ x ) 8 ornam5ts2 putt+ on a jacket wr\ght ov] ) human bones1 a mantle ( v ?9 nequ51 & ano!r mantle call$ ! ,tlaquaquallo1 cov]$ ) ri* fea!rs1 fitt+ ! head bel[ & wid5+ out above2 9 ! middle ( ?is /ood up a little rod1 also decorat$ ) fea!rs1 & /ick+ into ! top ( ! rod 0 a fl9t knife half cov]$ ) blood4 ,! image 0 set on a plat=m made ( pieces ( wood resembl+ snakes1 & s arrang$ t heads & tails alt]nat$ all ! way r\nd2 ! :ole borne by _m capta9s & m5 ( w>4 ,be=e ?is image & plat=m a numb] ( /rong y\?s c>ri$ an enorm\s %eet ( pap] resembl+ pa/ebo>d1 tw5ty fa?oms long1 "o fa?om broad1 & a little less ?an an in* ?ick2 x 0 support$ by spe>-%afts arrang$ 9 pairs ( "o %aft above & "o bel[ ! pap]1 :ile p]sons on ei!r side ( ! pap] held "o ( ^! pairs 9 "o h&4 ,:5 ! procession1 ) danc+ & s++1 rea*$ ! cu to be asc5d$1 ! plat=m 0 c>efully & cauti\sly hoi/$ up by cords atta*$ to its f\r corn]s1 ! image 0 set on a seat1 & ^? :o c>ri$ ! pap] roll$ x up & set d[n ! roll be=e ! bu/ ( ! god4 ,x 0 sunset :5 ! image 0 s set up2 & ! foll[+ morn+ ev]yone (f]$ food 9 8 own h\se be=e ! image ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 inc5s+ also su* images ( ! o!r gods z he _h1 & !n w5t to (f] quails' blood be=e ! image set up on ! cu4 ,! k+ began1 wr++ (f ! heads ( f\r quails2 ! prie/s (f]$ next1 !n all ! p2 ! :ole multitude c>ry+ clay fire-pans & burn+ copal inc5se ( e k9d1 aft] :i* ev]yone ?rew 8 live coals on a great he>? 9 ! temple y>d4 ,! virg9s pa9t$ _! faces1 put on _! heads g>l&s ( p>*$ maize1 ) /r+s ( ! same across _! brea/s1 decorat$ _! arms & legs ) r$ fea!rs1 & c>ri$ black pap] flags /uck into split canes4 ,! flags ( ! daught]s ( ! nobles 7 n ( pap]1 b ( a ?9 clo? call$ canauac1 pa9t$ ) v]tical black /ripes4 ,^! girls1 jo9+ h&s1 danc$ r\nd ! great he>?1 ^u or ov] :i*1 on an elevat$ place ( "s k9d1 !re danc$1 giv+ ! "t & /ep1 two m51 hav+ ea* a k9d ( p9e cage cov]$ ) pap] flags on 8 %\ld]s1 ! /rap support+ :i* pass$1 n across ! =ehead--! usual way = m5 to c>ry a burd5--b across ! *e/1 z 0 ! fa%ion ) wom54 ,!y bore %ields ( pap]1 crumpl$ up l great fl[]s1 _! heads 7 adorn$ ) :ite fea!rs1 _! lips & "p ( ! face 7 sme>$ ) sug>-cane juice1 :i* produc$ a peculi> effect ov] ! black ) :i* _! faces 7 always pa9t$4 ,!y c>ri$ 9 _! h&s pieces ( pap] call$ amasmaxtli #abb & sceptres ( palm-wood tipp$ ) a black fl[] & hav+ 9 ! l[] "p a ball ( black fea!rs4 ,9 danc+ !y us$ ?is sceptre l a /aff1 & ! "p by :i* !y grasp$ x 0 wrapp$ r\nd ) a pap] pa9t$ ) black l9es4 ,! music = ! danc]s 0 suppli$ by a p>ty ( unse5 musicians1 :o occupi$ "o ( ! temple build+s1 :]e !y sat1 he t play$ ! drum 9 ! c5tre1 & ! p]=m]s on ! o!r in/rum5ts ab\t him4 ,! m5 & wom5 danc$ on till night1 b ! /ricte/ ord] & dec5cy 7 pres]v$1 & any lewd ^w or look br\ght d[n swift puni%m5t f ! appo9t$ ov]se]s4 ,?is fea/ 0 clos$ by ! dea? ( a y\? :o _h be5 dur+ ! pa/ ye> d$icat$ to & tak5 c>e ( = ,uitzilopo*tli1 resembl+ 9 ?is ! victim ( ,tezcatlipoc1 ^: companion he _h inde$ be51 b )\t receiv+ su* high hon\rs4 ,?is ,uitzilopo*tli y\? 0 entitl$ ,ixteocalli1 #abc or ,tlacauepan1 or ,teicauhtz91 #abd & 0 held to be ! image & repres5tative ( ! god4 ,:5 ! day ( 8 dea? came ! prie/s decorat$ him ) pap]s pa9t$ ov] ) black circles1 & put a mitre ( eagles' fea!rs on 8 head1 9 ! mid/ ( ^: plumes 0 /uck a fl9t knife1 /a9$ half-way up ) blood & adorn$ ) r$ fea!rs4 ,ti$ to 8 %\ld]s by /r+s pass+ across ! brea/ 0 a piece ( v ?9 clo?1 ab\t a span squ>e1 & ov] x hung a little bag4 ,ov] "o ( 8 arms 0 ?r[n a wild bea/'s sk91 arrang$ some:at l a maniple2 bells ( gold j+l$ at 8 legs z he walk$ or danc$4 ,!re 7 two peculi> ?+s connect$ ) ! dea? ( ?is y\?3 fir/1 he _h absolute lib]ty ( *oice reg>d+ ! h\r 9 :i* he 0 to die2 &1 second1 he 0 n ext5d$ ^u any block or alt>1 b :5 he wi%$ he ?rew himself into ! arms ( ! prie/s1 & _h 8 he>t s cut out4 ,8 head 0 !n hack$ (f & spitt$ alongside t ( ! ,tezcatlipoc y\?1 ( :om we h spok5 already4 ,9 ?is same day ! prie/s made little m>ks on *ildr51 cutt+ !m1 ) ?9 /one knives1 9 ! brea/1 /oma*1 wri/s1 & fle%y p>ts ( ! arms2 m>ks1 z ! ,spani% prie/s consid]$1 by :i* ! devil %\ld "k 8 own %eep4 ,teotleco4--,! movable fea/s sacr$ to ,tezcatlipoc & allud$ to 9 ! li/ ( 8 fe/ivals are only briefly m5tion$ by ,sahagun1 & d n appe> to h be5 ( any p>ticul> importance4 ,z reg>ds ! ,teotleco ,sahagun says3 8,! twelf? mon? 0 call$ ,teotleco1 :i* signifies ! arrival ( ! gods4 ,a fe/ival 0 celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( all ! gods :o 7 said to h gone to "s c\ntry1 ,i "k n :]e4 ,on ! la/ day ( ! mon? a great] "o 0 held1 because ! gods _h return$4 8,on ! fifte5? day ( ?is mon? ! "y boys & ! s]vitors deck$ all ! alt>s or oratories ( ! gods ) b\ghs1 z well ^? :i* 7 9 ! h\ses z ! images :i* 7 set up by ! wayside & at ! cross-roads4 ,?is "w 0 paid = 9 maize4 ,"s receiv$ a basketful1 & o!rs only a few e>s4 8,on ! eighte5? day ! ev]-y\?ful god ,tlamatz9catl1 or ,titlacauan1 arriv$4 ,x 0 said t he m>*$ bett] & arriv$ ! fir/ because he 0 "y & /rong4 ,food 0 (f]$ him 9 8 temple on t night4 ,ev]yone drank1 ate1 & made m]ry2 ! old p especially celebrat$ ! arrival ( ! god by dr9k+ w9e1 & x 0 alleg$ t 8 feet 7 wa%$ by ^! rejoic+s4 ,! la/ day ( ! mon? 0 m>k$ by a great fe/ival1 on acc\nt ( ! belief t ! :ole ( ! gods arriv$ at t "t4 ,on ! prec$+ night a quantity ( fl\r 0 knead$ on a c>pet into ! %ape ( a *eese1 x be+ suppos$ t ! gods w\ld leave a footpr9t !reon z a sign ( _! return4 ,! *ief att5dant wat*$ all night1 go+ to & fro to see if ! impression appe>$4 ,:5 he at la/ saw x he call$ out1 #8,! ma/] has arriv$1' & at once ! prie/s ( ! temple began to s\nd ! horns1 trumpets1 & o!r musical in/rum5ts us$ by !m4 ,^u he>+ ?is noise ev]yone ran =?) to (f] food 9 all ! temples or oratories1 & gave !mselves up to r5ew$ rejoic+s1 to wa% ! feet ( ! gods1 z we h already describ$4 8,! next day ! ag$ gods 7 said to come la/1 because !y walk$ m sl[ly on acc\nt ( _! age4 ,on t day sev]al captives 7 doom$ to be burnt alive4 ,a great brazi] 0 prep>$2 "y m5 disguis$ z mon/]s danc$ r\nd ab\t x1 & :ile danc+1 hurl$ ! unhappy victims into ! fire1 9 ! mann] already expla9$4 ,o!r c]emonies took place :i* w be describ$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ?is fe/ival40 ,,my?s ,sahagun says ( ,tezcatlipoc t he 0 invisible & 0 able to p5etrate into all places1 heav51 e>?1 & hell4 ,! ,mexicans1 he says1 believ$ t he w&]$ ov] ! e>? /irr+ up /rife & w>1 & sett+ m5 aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,he also rem>ks t he 0 ! true giv] ( prosp]ity1 & extremely caprici\s4 #abe ,aco/a calls him ! god ( dr\ght1 fam9e1 b>r5ness1 & pe/il5ce4 #abf ,clavig]o alludes to him z ! *ief ( ! gods wor%ipp$ 9 ,mexico1 ! god ( provid5ce1 ! s\l ( ! _w1 ! creator ( heav5 & e>? & ma/] ( all ?+s4 8,!y repres5t$ him z "y1 to d5ote t no l5g? ( ye>s ev] dim9i%$ 8 p[]4 ,!y believ$ t he rew>d$ ) v>i\s b5efits ! j1 & puni%$ ! wick$ ) diseases & o!r afflictions40 #abg ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis /ates t 8,tezcatlipoc is he :o appe>$ to ! nation on ! m\nta9 ( ! mirror1 z !y say1 & is he :o tempt$ ,quetzalcoatl ! p5it5t40 ,else:]e he says3 8,!y d n "h pa9t ,tezcatlipoc ) a foot =m$ ( a s]p5t1 s9ce !y say t ?is fe/ival panquetzaliztli relates to a "t previ\s to 8 s9n+ :ile /ill 9 heav51 & t h5ce happ5$ ! w> 9 heav51 f :5ce w>s sprung bel[40 ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a4 says ( him3 8,tezcatlipoc1 "h repres5t$1 0 "o ( _! mo/ pot5t gods4 ,!y say t he appe>$ 9 t c\ntry on ! top ( a m\nta9 call$ ,tezcatepu1 :i* signifies ! m\nta9 ( mirrors40 ,lat] on he rem>ks t ! god 0 sometimes pa9t$ ) ! feet ( a man & ( a cock1 8z !y say 8 "n be>s allusion to ?is circum/ance4 ,he is clo!d ) a f[l1 :i* seems to cry 9 laugh+ acc5ts1 & :5 x cr[s1 ,oa1 ,oa1 ,oa1 !y say t x deceiv$ ! 8fir/ woman1 :o committ$ s91 & accord+ly !y place him ne> ! goddess ( pollution40 ,a report on ! ,huaxtec t]ritory1 dat$ #aegi1 /ates t3 8,!y relate ano!r fable1 t !y _h two o!r effigies z gods1 "o call$ ,ometo*tli1 :o is ! god ( w9e1 ! o!r ,tezcatlipoc1 :i* is ! "n ( ! mo/ exalt$ idol wor%ipp$ by !m1 & ) ^! !y _h pa9t$ ! figure ( a woman nam$ ,hueytonantz91 t is #8our great "m1' because !y said t %e 0 ! "m ( all ^! gods or demons4 ,& ^? f\r above-m5tion$ male demons1 !y relat$1 _h kill$ ?is great "m1 f\nd+ ) h] ! in/itution ( human sacrifice1 & tak+ h] he>t out ( h] brea/1 & pres5t+ x to ! sun4 ,simil>ly1 !y relat$ t ! idol ,tezcatlipoc _h kill$ ! god ( w9e ) 8 cons5t & concurr5ce1 giv+ out t 9 ?is way he gave et]nal life1 & t if he did n die1 all p]sons dr9k+ w9e mu/ die2 b t ! dea? ( ?is ,ometo*tli 0 only ! sleep ( "o drunk1 t he aft]w>ds recov]$1 & aga9 became fre% & well40 ,tezcatlipoc1 x w be rememb]$1 is allud$ to 9 ! cosmogonic my?s ( ,m5dieta & ,sahagun1 already relat$ 9 ! *apt] on ,cosmogony4 ,! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas ref]s to him z ! creator1 says t 8he made ! sun to %9e10 & /ates t he 0 ! con/ellation ,ursa ,major1 ! ,great ,be>1 :i* 8sank 9 ! wat]40 ,he also made ! ,tazcaquavlt1 or 8tree ( ! mirror10 fa%ion$ f\r hundr$ m5 & a hundr$ wom5 z food = ! sun1 &1 along ) ,quetzalcoatl1 con/ruct$ 8! road 9 ! heav5s1 ! ,milky ,way40 ,sahagun /ates #abh t aft] ,tezcatlipoc _h succe$$ 9 driv+ ,quetzalcoatl f ! c\ntry1 8he proce$$ fur!r guilefully to kill _m ,toltecs & to ally himself by m>riage ) ,vemac or ,uemac1 :o 0 ! temporal "l ( ! ,toltecs1 ev5 z ,quetzalcoatl 0 ! spiritual rul] ( t p4 ,to accompli% ^! ?+s ,tezcatlipoc took ! appe>ance ( a poor =eign] & pres5t$ himself nak$1 z 0 ! cu/om ( su* p1 9 ! m>ket-place ( ,tulla1 sell+ gre5 *illi pepp]4 ,n[ ! palace ( ,vemac1 ! great k+1 ov]look$ ! m>ket-place1 & he _h an only daught]1 & ! girl1 look+ by *ance among ! buy]s & sell]s1 saw ! disguis$ god4 ,%e 0 smitt5 ?r\gh ) love ( him1 & %e began to sick54 ,vemac he>d ( h] sickness1 & he inquir$ ( ! wom5 :o gu>d$ h] z to :at ail$ 8 daught]4 ,!y told him z be/ !y c\ld1 h[ = ! love ( a p$dl] ( pepp]1 nam$ ,toveyo1 ! pr9cess _h la9 d[n to die4 ,! k+ imm$iately s5t a cri] ^u ! m\nta9 ,tzatzitepec to make ?is proclamation3 #8,o ,toltecs1 seek me out ,toveyo t goes ab\t sell+ gre5 pepp]1 let him be br\ght be=e me4' ,s ! p s\ght ev]y:]e = ! pepp] v5dor1 b he 0 n[h]e to be f\nd4 ,!n aft] !y c\ld n f9d him1 he appe>$ ( 8 own accord "o day1 at 8 old place & trade 9 ! m>ket4 ,he 0 br\ght be=e ! k+1 :o said to him3 #8,:]e do/ ?\ belong to8' & ,toveyo answ]$1 #8,i am a =eign]1 come "h to sell my gre5 pepp]4' #8,:y do/ ?\ delay to cov] ?yself ) bree*es & a blanket8' said ,vemac4 ,toveyo answ]$ t 9 8 c\ntry su* ?+s 7 n 9 ! fa%ion4 ,vemac cont9u$3 #8,my daught] longs aft] !e1 n will+ to be com=t$ by any ,toltec4 ,%e is sick ( love & ?\ mu/ heal h]4' ,b ,toveyo repli$3 #8,?is ?+ c 9 no wise be2 kill me fir/2 ,i desire to die1 n be+ wor?y to he> ^! words1 :o get my liv+ by sell+ gre5 pepp]4' #8,i tell !e1' said ! k+1 #8t ?\ mu/ heal my daught] ( ?is h] sickness2 fe> n4' ,!n !y took ! cunn+ god & wa%$ him1 & cut 8 hair1 & dy$ all 8 body & put bree*es on him & a blanket2 & ! k+ ,vemac said1 #8,get !e 9 & see my daught]1 !re1 :]e !y gu>d h]4' ,!n ! "y man w5t 9 & he rema9$ ) ! pr9cess & %e became s\nd & well2 ?us ,toveyo became ! son-9-law ( ! k+ ( ,tulla4 8,!n1 behold1 all ! ,toltecs1 be+ fill$ ) jeal\sy & (f5d$1 spake injuri\s & insult+ words aga9/ ,k+ ,vemac1 say+ among !mselves1 #8,( all ! ,toltecs c !re n be f\nd a man1 t ?is ,vemac m>ries 8 daught] to a p$dl]8' ,n[ :5 ! k+ he>d all ! injuri\s & insult+ words t ! p spake aga9/ him he 0 mov$1 & he spoke to ! p say+1 #8,come hi!r1 behold ,i h he>d all ^! ?+s t ye say aga9/ me 9 ! matt] ( my son-9-law ,toveyo2 dissimulate !n2 take him deceitfully ) y to ! w> ( ,cacatepec & ,coatepec1 & let ! enemy kill him !re4' ,hav+ he>d ^! words1 ! ,toltecs arm$ !mselves1 & collect$ a multitude & w5t to ! w>1 br++ ,toveyo along4 ,arriv$ :]e ! fight+ 0 to take place1 !y hid him ) ! lame & ! dw>fs1 *>g+ !m1 z ! cu/om 0 9 su* cases1 to wat* = ! enemy1 :ile ! soldi]s w5t on to ! attack4 ,! battle began4 ,! ,toltecs at once gave way1 trea*]\sly & guilefully des]t+ ,toveyo & ! cripples4 ,leav+ !m to be slaught]$ at _! po/1 !y return$ to ,tulla & told ! k+ h[ !y _h left ,toveyo & 8 companions alone 9 ! h&s ( ! enemy4 ,:5 ! k+ he>d ! treason he 0 glad1 ?9k+ ,toveyo dead1 = he 0 a%am$ ( hav+ him = a son-9-law4 ,affairs _h gone o!rwise1 h[ev]1 ) ,toveyo f :at ! plott]s suppos$4 ,on ! approa* ( ! ho/ile army he consol$ 8 de=m$ companions1 say+3 #8,fe> no?+2 ! enemy come aga9/ u1 b ,i "k t ,i %all kill !m all4' ,!n he rose up & w5t =w>d aga9/ !m1 aga9/ ! m5 ( ,coatepec & ,cacatepec4 ,he put !m to flight & slew ( !m )\t numb]4 ,:5 ?is came to ! e>s ( ,vemac x weigh$ ^u & t]rifi$ him exce$+ly4 ,he said to 8 ,toltecs1 #8,let u n[ g & receive my son-9-law4' ,s !y all w5t out ) ,k+ ,vemac to receive ,toveyo1 be>+ ! arms & devices call$ quetzalapanecayutl1 & ! %ields call$ xiuh*imali4 #abi ,!y gave ^! ?+s to ,toveyo1 & he & 8 comrades receiv$ !m ) danc+ & ! music ( flutes1 ) triumph & rejoic+4 ,fur!rmore1 on rea*+ ! palace ( ! k+1 plumes 7 put ^u ! heads ( ! conqu]ors1 & all ! body ( ea* ( !m 0 /a9$ yell[1 & all ! face r$4 ,?is 0 ! cu/om>y rew>d ( ^? t came back victori\s f w>4 ,& ,k+ ,vemac said to 8 son-9-law3 #8,i am n[ satisfi$ ) :at ?\ ha/ done1 & ! ,toltecs are satisfi$2 ?\ ha/ dealt v well ) our enemies1 re/ & take ?9e ease4' ,b ,toveyo held 8 peace4 8,& aft] ?is1 ,toveyo adorn$ all 8 body ) ! ri* fea!rs call$ tocivitl1 & comm&$ ! ,toltecs to ga!r toge!r = a fe/ival1 & s5t a cri] up to ! top ( ! m\nta9 ,tzatzitepec1 to call 9 ! /rang]s & ! p af> (f to dance & to fea/4 ,a numb]less multitude ga!r$ to ,tulla4 ,:5 !y 7 all ga!r$1 ,toveyo l$ !m out1 "y m5 & girls1 to a place call$ ,texcalapa1 :]e he himself began & l$ ! danc+1 play+ on a drum4 ,he sang too1 s++ ea* v]se to ! danc]s1 :o sang x aft] him1 ?\gh !y knew n ! song be=eh&4 ,!n 0 to be se5 a m>vell\s & t]rible ?+4 ,a panic seiz$ ! ,toltecs4 ,!re 0 a gorge or rav9e !re1 ) a riv] ru%+ ?r\gh x call$ ! ,texcaltlauhco4 ,a /one bridge l$ ov] ! riv]4 ,toveyo broke d[n ?is bridge z ! p fl$4 ,he saw !m tread & cru% ea* o!r d[n1 "u-foot1 & ov] into ! abyss4 ,!y t fell 7 turn$ into rocks & /ones2 z = ^? t escap$1 !y did n see nor ?9k t x 0 ,toveyo & 8 sorc]ies _h wr\ght ?is great de/ruction2 !y 7 bl9d$ by ! wit*craft ( ! god1 & out ( _! s5ses l drunk5 m54 8,tezcatlipoc !n proce$$ to hat* fur!r evil aga9/ ! ,toltecs4 ,he took ! appe>ance ( a c]ta9 valiant man call$ ,teguioa1 & comm&$ a cri] to summon all ! inhabitants ( ,tulla & its neighb\rhood to come & help at a c]ta9 piece ( "w 9 a c]ta9 fl[]-g>d5 7said to h be5 a g>d5 belong+ to ,quetzalcoatl74 ,all ! p ga!r$ to ! "w1 :]eupon ! disguis$ god fell ^u !m1 knock+ !m on ! head ) a hoe4 ,^? t escap$ ! hoe 7 trodd5 d[n & kill$ by _! fell[s 9 attempt+ to escape4 ,a c\ntless numb] 0 sla94 ,e man t _h come to ! "w 0 left ly+ dead among ! trodd5 fl[]s4 8,& aft] ?is ,tezcatlipoc wr\ght ano!r wit*craft aga9/ ! ,toltecs4 ,he call$ himself ,tlacavepan1 or ,acexco*1 & came & sat d[n 9 ! mid/ ( ! m>ket-place ( ,tulla hav+ a little manik9 7said to h be5 ,uitzilopo*tli7 danc+ ^u 8 h&4 ,!re 0 an in/ant upro> ( all ! buy]s & sell]s & a ru% to see ! miracle4 ,! p cru%$ & trod ea* o!r d[n1 s t _m 7 kill$ !re2 & all ?is happ5$ _m times4 ,at la/ ! god-sorc]] cri$ out on "o su* occasion3 #8,:at is ?is8 ,d y n see t y are befool$ by u8 ,/one & kill u4' ,s ! p took up /ones & kill$ ! said sorc]] & 8 little danc+ manik94 ,b :5 ! body ( ! sorc]] _h la9 9 ! m>ket-place = "s "t x began to /9k & to ta9t ! air1 & ! w9d ( x poison$ _m4 ,!n ! dead sorc]] spake aga91 say+3 #8,ca/ ?is body outside ! t[n1 = _m ,toltecs die because ( x4' ,s !y prep>$ to ca/ out ! body1 & fa/5$ ropes !reto & pull$4 ,b ! ill-smell+ corpse 0 s heavy t !y c\ld n move x4 ,!n a cri] made a proclamation1 say+3 #8,come1 all ye ,toltecs1 & br+ ropes ) y1 t we may drag out & get rid ( ?is pe/il5tial c>cass4' ,all came accord+ly1 br++ ropes1 & ! ropes 7 fa/5$ to ! body & all pull$4 ,x 0 utt]ly 9 va94 ,rope aft] rope broke ) a sudd5 snap1 & ^? t dragg$ on a rope fell & 7 kill$ :5 x broke4 ,!n ! dead wiz>d look$ up & said2 #8,o ,toltecs1 a v]se ( song is ne$$4' ,& he himself gave !m a v]se4 ,!y repeat$ ! v]se aft] him1 &1 s++ x1 pull$ all toge!r1 s t ) %\ts !y haul$ ! body out ( ! city1 ?\gh /ill n )\t _m ropes break+ & _m p]sons be+ kill$ z be=e4 ,all ?is be+ ov]1 ^? ,toltecs t rema9$ unhurt return$ e man to 8 place1 n rememb]+ any?+ ( :at _h happ5$1 = !y 7 all z drunk54 8,o!r signs & wond]s 7 wr\ght by ,tezcatlipoc 9 8 rle ( sorc]]4 ,a :ite bird call$ ,iztac cuixtli 0 cle>ly se5 fly+ ov] ,tulla1 transfix$ ) a d>t4 ,at night also1 ! si]ra call$ ,zacatepec burn$1 & ! flames 7 se5 f af>4 ,all ! p 7 /irr$ up & affright$1 say+ "o to ano!r1 #8,o ,toltecs1 x is all ov] ) u n[2 ! "t ( ! end ( ,tulla is come2 alas = u1 :i!r %all we g8' 8,!n ,tezcatlipoc wr\ght ano!r evil ^u ! ,toltecs2 he ra9$ d[n /ones ^u !m4 ,!re fell also1 at ! same "t1 a great /one f heav5 call$ ,te*catl2 & :5 x fell ! god-sorc]] took ! appe>ance ( an old woman1 & w5t ab\t sell+ little bann]s 9 a place call$ ,*apultepec ,cuitlapilco1 o!rwise nam$ ,uetz9co4 ,_m !n became mad & b\ght ( ^! bann]s & w5t to ! place :]e 0 ! /one ,te*catl1 & !re got !mselves kill$2 & no "o 0 f\nd to say s mu* z1 #8,:at is ?is t happ5s to u8' ,!y 7 all mad4 8,ano!r woe ,tezcatlipoc br\ght ^u ! ,toltecs4 ,all _! victuals sudd5ly became s\r1 & no "o 0 able to eat ( !m4 ,! old woman1 above m5tion$1 took up !n h] abode 9 a place call$ ,xo*itla1 & began to roa/ maize3 & ! od\r ( ! roa/$ maize rea*$ all ! cities r\nd ab\t4 ,! />v+ p set out imm$iately1 & ) "o accord1 to g :]e ! old woman 04 ,!y rea*$ h] in/antly1 = "h x may be aga9 said1 t ! ,toltecs 7 exce$+ly light ( foot1 & arriv$ always imm$iately :i!rsoev] !y wi%$ to g4 ,z = ! ,toltecs t ga!r$ to ! mock sorc]ess1 n "o ( !m escap$4 ,%e kill$ !m e "o40 ,^! feats ( ,tezcatlipoc aga9/ ! ,toltecs seem to h ref]5ce to ! v>i\s species ( *>m wield$ by ! en*ant]2 ! love-*>m1 ! *>m by music1 by disease1 by de/ruction ( victuals4 ,! ra9 ( /one signifi$ b>r5ness1 dr\ght1 :i* 0 impli$ by ! nature ( ! god1 ! deity ( obsidian & ( tempe/s4 ,= o!r my?s reg>d+ ,tezcatlipoc see ! *apt] on ,cosmogony4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,9 my op9ion ! e>ly significance ( ,tezcatlipoc arises out ( 8 connection ) obsidian4 ,?is /one _h an especial sanctity = ! ,mexicans1 z x provid$ ! sacrificial knives employ$ by ! prie/s1 & we possess good evid5ce t /one 9 its feti% =m 0 wor%ipp$ ev5 s late z ! eighte5? c5tury by ! ,nahuatl-speak+ ,*otas1 :o compris$ x 9 a tr9ity ) ! ,dawn & ! ,s]p5t4 #acj ,f a passage 9 ,aco/a #aca we are ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t ,tezcatlipoc's idol 0 ( obsidian1 &1 l ! ,qui*e god ,tohil1 m5tion$ 9 ! ,popol ,vuh1 he wore s&als ( obsidian1 z is witness$ by "o ( 8 repres5tations 9 ,codex ,borbonicus1 :]e 8 footge> is pa9t$ ) ! zigzag l9e ( ! obsidian snake4 ,tezcatlipoc 0 unque/ionably ! god ( ! itztli 7obsidian7 /one1 & ,sel] #acb has id5tifi$ him ) ,iztli1 ! /one-knife god1 ! second ( ! lords ( ! night4 ,9 c]ta9 codices1 too1 he is repres5t$ z hav+ su* a knife 9 place ( a foot1 & we "k t x 0 a fairly common practice ( ! ,mexican arti/s to indicate ! "n or race ( an individual by draw+ "o ( 8 feet 9 a hi]oglyphical mann]4 #acc ,i believe1 too1 t ! net-l g>m5t worn at times by ! god above 8 o!r attire is an adaptation ( ! me%-bag 9 :i* ,mexican hunt]s c>ri$ fl9ts = use z spe>- & arr[-heads4 ,?is1 z well z ! fact t he 0 ! god ( ! %>p-cutt+ obsidian f :i* su* weapons 7 made1 caus$ him to be reg>d$ z patron deity ( ! wild hunt+ ,*i*imecs ( ! nor!rn /eppes1 a connection :i* is eloqu5t ( 8 er/:ile primitive "*4 ,x is cle>1 too1 t ,*al*iuhtotol91 ! jewell$ f[l1 :i* is rul] ( ! eighte5? day-sign1 tecpatl 7obsidian knife71 is m]ely a v>iant ( ,tezcatlipoc4 #acd ,b ano!r important l9k connects ,tezcatlipoc ) obsidian4 ,b]nal ,diaz /ates t !y call$ ?is 8,tezcat40 ,f x mirrors 7 manufactur$ z div9atory m$ia by ! wiz>d4 ,sahagun says #ace t x 0 kn[n z aitztli 7wat] obsidian71 probably because ( ! high poli% ( :i* x 0 capable4 ,ano!r su* /one he m5tions 0 call$ tepo*tli1 :i* ,i w\ld translate 8wiz>d /one10 & f :i* ,i ?9k1 by a process ( etymological confusion1 ,tezcatlipoc receiv$ "o ( 8 m9or names1 ,telpo*tli1 8! y\?40 ,! "n ( ! god means 8,smok+ ,mirror10 & ,aco/a #acf says t ! ,mexicans call$ ,tezcatlipoc's mirror irla*eaya 7an obvi\s error = tla*ialoni7 88 glass to look 910 o!rwise ! mirror or scry+-/one 9 :i* he 0 able to witness ! do+s ( mank9d4 ,x is possible t ! 8smoke0 :i* 0 said to rise f ?is mirror symboliz$ ! haz9ess :i* is suppos$ to cl\d ! surface ( a div9atory glass prior to ! ph5om5on ( vision !re94 ,?us f ! %ape beheld 9 ! se]'s mirror1 ,tezcatlipoc came to be reg>d$ z ! se]4 ,t into :i* ! wiz>d gaz$ became s closely id5tifi$ ) sorc]y z to be ?\ght ( z wiz>d-l itself2 = ,tezcatlipoc is1 ( all ,mexican deities1 ! "o mo/ ne>ly connect$ ) ! wiz>d's art4 ,he is p> excell5ce ! nocturnal god :o haunts ! crossways & appe>s 9 a myriad phantom guises to ! night-b\nd wayf>]4 8,^!10 says ,sahagun1 87 masks t ,tezcatlipoc assum$ to fright5 ! p40 ,he we>s ! symbol ( night ^u 8 =ehead2 he is ! moon1 rul] ( ! night1 ! wiz>d :o veils himself beh9d ! cl\ds2 he be>s ! sev]$ arm ( a woman :o has di$ 9 *ildb$1 z a magical in/rum5t1 z did ! naualli ( old ,mexico4 ,f him all om9\s & uncanny s\nds proce$3 ! h[l ( ! jagu> 79 :i* we p]ceive ,tezcatlipoc z ! wiz>d metamorphos$ into ! w]-animal71 & ! =ebod+ cry ( ! uactli bird1 ! voc1 ! bird ( ,hurakan 9 ! ,popol ,vuh4 ,tezcatlipoc 0 und\bt$ly connect$ ) ! w9d1 & ?is leads me to suspect t 9 ! c\rse ( 8 evolution he came to be ?\ght ( z among t class ( magical /ones :i* 9 "s my/]i\s mann] is consid]$ capable ( rais+ a tempe/ "u ! spell ( ! sorc]]4 #acg ,( su* a belief _w-wide examples exi/4 ,9 ! ,iri% isl& ( ,fladdahuan su* a /one 0 ano9t$ :5 ! fi%] desir$ a w9d #ach & 0 kept 9 wool wrapp+s4 ,a piece ( pumice-/one drift$ to ,puka-,puka1 says ,lang1 #aci & 0 reg>d$ z a god ( w9ds & waves1 to :i* (f]+s 7 made dur+ hurricanes4 ,tezcatlipoc is none o!r ?an ! orig9al 8hurricane10 = he has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! ,hurakan ( ! ,qui*es ( ,guatemala allud$ to 9 ! ,popol ,vuh1 f ^: "n ! meteorological expression has be5 borr[$4 ,:e!r or n he came to be look$ ^u z ! w9d ( night :i* rav9$ ?r\gh ! empty /reets & des]t$ c\ntryside by virtue ( ! tra9 ( ?\ght sugge/$ above1 _m aspects ( ,tezcatlipoc are eloqu5t ( 8 boreal attributes4 ,?us1 he is invisible & caprici\s1 ! object ( mi/ru/ among ! p1 :o disc]n$ 9 tempe/u\s wea!r a manife/ation ( 8 freaki% bad temp]4 ,! my? 9 :i* he 0 describ$ z pursu+ ,quetzalcoatl 9 tig]-=m w1 9 ! section :i* deals ) t god1 be indicat$ z an allegory ( ! cla%+ ( ! hurricane ) ! ra9-br++ trade-w9d4 ,la/ly1 z patron ( w>1 ( ! w>rior's club & dance-h\se1 he is1 z ! boi/]\s /orm1 emblematic ( /rife & discord4 ,seats ( /one ov]-ar*$ ) gre5 bran*es 7 provid$ = him ?r\gh\t ! city s t he might re/ f 8 w&]+s if he ?\ght good4 ,9 ! ,aztec m9d /one 0 symbolic ( s94 ,?us ,tezcatlipoc 9 8 v>iant1 ,itzlacoliuhqui1 is ! j av5g]1 :o puni%es evil swiftly & t]ribly1 = obsidian z ! sacrificial knife 0 ! in/rum5t ( ju/ice4 #adj ,! coldness ( /one1 its h>dness & dryness1 seem also to h giv5 rise to ! conception ( him z god ( ! ,toxcatl fe/ival 9 ! fif? mon? ( ! ye>1 ! dry season1 :5 ! sun /ood at ! z5i? above ,t5o*titlan4 ,?us1 z ! pray]s to him eloqu5tly affirm1 he 0 ! god ( dr\ght1 ( s]5ess1 & b>r5ness4 ,9 common ) ! majority ( ! great] ,mexican deities1 ,tezcatlipoc _h a /ell> connection4 ,he 0 "o ( ! ,tzitzimim :o _h fall5 f heav51 & ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas rem>ks ( him1 8! con/ellation ( ! ,great ,be> desc5ds to ! wat] because x is ,tezcatlipoc1 :o has 8 seat !re10 ?us also indicat+ t he rul$ ! nor!rn qu>t]1 out ( :i*1 x 0 consid]$1 no good ?+ might come4 ,8 ,tzitzimim %ape appe>s to h be5 ! spid]4 ,9 ,am]ican-,indian my? ! />s are frequ5tly reg>d$ z hav+ spid] =m1 & especially s 9 ,mexican my?4 ,9 sev]al ( ! codices1 notably 9 ,codex ,borbonicus1 ! ,tzitzimim or />-demons are repres5t$ 9 insect %ape4 ,?us1 ,tezcatlipoc1 :5 he desc5d$ f heav5 to h>ass ,quetzalcoatl1 did s by means ( a spid]'s web1 s t we are ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ ! spid] z 8 /ell> =m4 ,! orig9 ( 8 conception z ! sun ( ! nor? & z ! sett+ sun seems reasonably cle> & is second>y 9 "*4 ,z ! sun s9ks 9 ! we/ its brilliant gold turns to a glassy r$1 rem9isc5t ( ! dull reflex ( light 9 a surface ( poli%$ obsidian4 ,! mirror held by ,tezcatlipoc1 ) its fr+e ( fea!rs1 obvi\sly repres5ts ! sun ( ev5+4 ,b he is also to be ?\ght ( z ! torrid & blaz+ orb ( ! dry season1 scor*+ & m]ciless4 ,i reg>d 8 sev]al col\r$ =ms z symbolic ( v>i\s k9ds ( wea!r4 ,?us1 9 8 black =m he appe>s to repres5t ! ra9y season2 9 8 r$1 ! torrid & dry p]iod ( ! ye>2 9 8 :ite1 cold & fro/2 & 9 8 /rip$ pa9t+1 ! embodim5t ( fair wea!r4 ,?us ,tezcatlipoc is ! atmosph]ic god p> excell5ce1 rul] ( all meteorological conditions4 ,9 ! pray]s (f]$ up to him x is frequ5tly /at$ t he may1 if he s *ooses1 s5d ra9 & pl5ty1 & ?is aspect ( him seems to acc\nt = 8 v>i\sly col\r$ disguises4 ,t ^! 71 inde$1 reg>d$ z practically sep>ate div9e =ms is cle> f ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas1 :i* alludes to ! ,black & ,r$ ,tezcatlipoc z two entirely diff]5t gods4 ,tezcatlipoc1 at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/1 _h develop$ attributes ( a m l(ty k9d ?an any ( ^? already describ$4 ,l ,quetzalcoatl1 & because he 0 a god ( ! w9d or atmosph]e1 he came to be reg>d$ z ! p]sonification ( ! brea? ( life4 ,9 ! m9d ( savage man ! w9d is usually ! giv] ( brea?1 ! great /ore-h\se ( respiration1 ! s\rce ( imm$iate life4 ,9 _m my?ologies ! "n ( ! pr9cipal deity is synonym\s ) t = w9d1 & 9 o!rs ! words 8s\l0 & 8brea?0 h a common orig94 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! ,hebrew ,jahveh 7! ar*aic =m ( ,jehovah7 is connect$ ) ! ,arabic hawah1 to bl[ or brea!1 & t ,jahveh 0 orig9ally a w9d or tempe/ god4 ,our ^w 8spiritual0 is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 spir>e1 to bl[2 ! ,lat9 animus1 8_s10 is ! same ^w z ! ,greek anemos1 8w9d10 & psukhe has a simil> orig94 ,all are directly evolv$ f v]bal roots express+ ! motion ( ! w9d or ! brea?4 ,! ,hebrew ^w ruah is equival5t to bo? 8w9d0 & 8_s10 z is ! ,egyptian kneph4 ,if we turn to ! ,am]ican my?ologies1 nija 9 ! language ( ! ,dakota means 8brea?10 or 8life02 9 ,netela piuts is 8life10 8brea?10 & 8s\l02 ! ,yakuna language ( ,oregon has wkri%a1 8w9d10 wkri%mit1 8life40 ,! ,creeks appli$ to _! supreme deity ! "n ,esaugetuh ,emissee1 ,ma/] ( ,brea?1 #ada & ! orig9al "n = ,god 9 ,*octaw 0 ,hu/oli1 ! ,/orm ,w9d4 8,9 ! id5tity ( w9d ) brea?1 ( brea? ) life1 ( life ) s\l1 ( s\l ) ,god1 lies ! f> deep] & tru] reason10 says ,br9ton1 8( ! prom95ce giv5 to w9d-gods 9 _m my?ologies40 #adb ,b al?\gh ,tezcatlipoc 0 ! ,giv] ( ,life1 he 0 also reg>d$ z a deity ) p[] to take x away4 ,9 fact at times he appe>$ z an inexorable dea?-deal]1 & 9 ?is guise he 0 nam$ ,nezahualpilli 78,! ,hungry ,*ief07 & ,yaotz9 78,! ,enemy074 ,b he 0 also kn[n z ,telpo*tli 78,! ,y\?ful ,w>rior071 f ! fact t 8 res]ve ( /r5g?1 8 vital =ce1 nev] grew less & 0 boi/]\sly app>5t1 z 9 ! tempe/4 ,z ! w9d at night ru%es ?r\gh ! roads ) m seem+ viol5ce ?an x does by day1 s 0 ,tezcatlipoc pictur$ 9 ! ,aztec consci\sness z riot+ along ! highways 9 se>* ( slaught]4 ,inde$1 seats or b5*es ( /one1 %ap$ l ^? us$ by ! *iefs ( ! ,mexican t[ns1 7 plac$ at int]vals on ! roads = 8 use1 & "h he 0 suppos$ to lurk1 conceal$ by ! gre5 b\ghs :i* surr\nd$ !m1 9 wait = 8 victims4 ,%\ld anyone grapple ) & ov]come him1 he might crave :atsoev] boon he desir$1 ) ! surety ( its be+ grant$4 ,! wor%ip ( ,tezcatlipoc previ\s to ! ,conque/ _h s advanc$1 & s p[]ful _h 8 cult become1 t x w\ld appe> z if ! movem5t w\ld ultimately h l$ to a mono!ism or wor%ip ( "o god equival5t to t ( ! cult ( ,jahveh1 ! ,god ( ! ,old ,te/am5t among ! anci5t ,hebrews4 ,to 8 prie/ly ca/e is cr$it$ ! inv5tion ( _m ( ! usages ( civiliz$ life1 & x succe$$ 9 mak+ 8 wor%ip univ]sal4 ,! ,nahua p reg>d$ ! o!r gods z objects ( special devotion1 b ! wor%ip ( ,tezcatlipoc 0 g5]al4 ,,quetzalcoatl 8,,fea!r$ ,,s]p5t0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,! ,plateau ( ,anahuac4 ,m9or ,names3 ,*icunaui eecatl--8,n9e ,w9d40 ,ce acatl--8,"o ,re$40 ,relation%ip3 ,son ( ,iztacmixcoatl & ,*imalman or ,xo*iquetzal2 "o ( ! ,tzitzimim4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! second day-c\nt1 eecatl4 ,rul] ( ! second week1 ce ocelotl4 ,n9? ( ! ?irte5 day-lords4 ,fe/ivals3 ,ce acatl 7movable fea/74 ,atlacahualco4 ,compass ,direction3 ,ea/4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,g5]al4--,! insignia ( ,quetzalcoatl is fairly con/ant 9 its appe>ance4 ,he usually we>s ! ,huaxtec cone-%ap$ hat pa9t$ 9 ! design ( ! jagu>-sk91 :i* is occasionally divid$ v]tically into a black or blue & a r$ field1 hav+ an eye 9 ! middle4 ,! hair is b\nd by a lea!r /rap set ) jewels1 :i* has a conv5tional bird's head on ! front1 & 9 ,codex ,borgia consi/5tly %[s a black1 /epp$ patt]n on a :ite gr\nd4 ,else:]e a b[ ) r\nd$ ends takes ! place ( ?is /rap1 b 9 ,borgia 7%eet #fb7 ! hair is b\nd up ) two int]tw9$ snakes4 ,at ! back ( ! neck a fan-%ap$ nape-ornam5t is usually se51 consi/+ ( black fea!rs1 f :i* rise ! r$ plumes ( ! quetzal bird1 & x seems1 f ! acc\nt ( ! co/ume s5t to ,cortz by ,motecuhzoma1 t ?is nape-app5dage 0 made f gr\se-fea!rs1 al?\gh ! ,spani% acc\nt /ates t !y belong$ to ! cr[4 ,! god usually we>s :ite e>-p5dants ( hook-l %ape1 :i*1 ,sahagun /ates1 7 made ( gold4 ,! necklace is ( spirally volut$ snail-%ells1 & on ! brea/ is worn a l>ge ornam5t1 also slic$ f a %ell4 ,! ends ( ! lo9-clo? are r\nd$ (f & are g5]ally pa9t$ 9 two col\rs--br[n1 ! col\r ( ! jagu>-sk91 & :ite or r$4 ,! god's atlatl1 or spe>-?r[]1 is pa9t$ ) ! /ell> design ( :ite circles on a black gr\nd1 & 9 8 headdress is /uck ! agave-leaf spike & ! bone dagg]1 ! implem5ts ( p5ance & mortification4 ,! body-pa9t is frequ5tly black1 l t ( ! prie/s4 ,mo/ ( ^! insignia are ( ,huaxtec orig9 & %[ t ,quetzalcoatl 0 usually associat$ ) ?is coa/al p4 ,! snail-%ell ornam5t on ! brea/1 ! hook-%ap$ e>-p5dant1 ! fan-%ap$ nape-ornam5t1 & ! cone-%ap$ cap1 7 und\bt$ly ( ,huaxtec orig91 & su* objects h be5 tak5 f ,huaxtec graves & are f\nd repres5t$ on vases & jugs f ! ,/ate ( ,hidalgo4 ,9 _m repres5tations ( him ! god is se5 we>+ a long-sn\t$ mask1 usually pa9t$ a bright r$1 ?r\gh :i* he 0 suppos$ to expel ! w9d 9 8 guise ( ,eecatl1 ! ,w9d-god4 ,?is mask is frequ5tly fr+$ ) a be>d4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #ge3 ,quetzalcoatl's body-pa9t is a d>k col\r1 & 9 8 hair he we>s unspun cotton1 z does ,tlazoltcotl4 ,%eet #gf3 ,"h 8 face is pa9t$ black & he we>s ! fillet ) ! /ep-patt]n & ! two-col\r$ cap1 & 9 8 hair are /uck ! in/rum5ts ( mortification4 ,he holds 9 8 h& a snake1 :i* is to be reg>d$ z ! agricultural implem5t ) :i* he tills ! gr\nd4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #gc3 ,9 ?is place he is set back to back ) ! ,dea?-god & is surr\nd$ by ! tw5ty day-signs4 ,! body-pa9t is light blue1 & ! ant]ior "p ( ! face has ! /ell> pa9t+ ( :ite circles on a black gr\nd4 ,8 conical cap has ! p>ti-col\r$ pa9t+ & ! cross1 ! symbol ( ! f\r w9ds1 9 ! middle4 ,on 8 brea/ he we>s ! snail-%ell & 9 8 h& a blue /aff4 ,8 w9d-mask is entirely cov]$ ) /ell> & lun> emblems4 ,8 rattle-/aff is light blue1 9 contradi/9ction to t ( ! ,dea?-god1 :i* is spr9kl$ ) blood4 ,%eet #ef3 ,"h he is equipp$ ) ! hoe & we>s ! body-pa9t ( a prie/1 a necklace ( jagu>-sk9 & tee?1 ! conical bi-col\r$ cap1 ! /epp$ fillet ) conv5tional bird's head 9 front1 & ! be>d$ face-mask4 ,/ell> symbols & fea!r-balls dot 8 dress & headdress4 ,he /&s back to back ) ! ,dea?-god1 & x is cle> t "h he is int5d$ to repres5t ! heav5ly ,quetzalcoatl1 ! giv] ( brea? & life4 ,on %eet #gb we see him z a prie/ surr\nd$ by day-signs & implem5ts ( mortification4 ,%eet #ai3 ,z repres5t$ 9 ?is %eet he /&s opposite ! ,dea?-god4 ,he we>s a d>k-col\r$ g>m5t1 & :at c be se5 ( 8 face is pa9t$ black1 ) a spiral patt]n4 ,8 mantle be>s ! cross-hat*+s indicative ( ra9 or wat] & is ornam5t$ ) fea!r balls4 ,! r$ w9d-mask protrudes b5ea? a p>ti-col\r$ cap ) /ell> eyes1 & a fillet ) /ep-patt]n & conv5tional bird's head1 & he we>s ! snail-%ell brea/ ornam5t & c>ries ! implem5ts ( mortification4 ,%eet #af3 ,on ! l[] "r-h& corn] ( ?is %eet he is depict$ 9 a precisely simil> mann]4 ,quetzalcoatl's ,dress s5t to ,cortz4--,:5 ,cortz l&$ at ,v]a ,cruz1 ,motecuhzoma1 believ+ him to be ! god ,quetzalcoatl return$1 s5t him 8! dress t 0 appropriate to him40 #adc ,?is consi/$ ( f\r co/umes1 t ( ,quetzalcoatl prop]1 & ^? ( ,tezcatlipoc1 ,tlaloc1 & ,xiuhtecutli1 ! ,fire-god1 :o 7 reg>d$ z ! f\r deities dom9ant 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! heav5s1 & _h 9 ! high] !ology become fus$ 9 ! conception ( ,quetzalcoatl1 or 7 reg>d$ z v>iants ( him4 ,! ,quetzalcoatl dress prop] is said by ,sahagun to h consi/$ ( ! turquoise snake-mask1 n[ to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & :i* c be easily id5tifi$ by ! folds ( ! snake's body =m+ ! eyebr[s1 ! quetzal-fea!r adornm5t1 & ! turquoise ?r[+-/ick1 %ap$ 9 ! =m ( a snake4 ,x seems probable1 h[ev]1 t ?is dress1 al?\gh x is describ$ z t ( ,quetzalcoatl1 0 t associat$ ) ! ,fire-god4 ,codex ,magliabec*iano4--,%eet #hi3 ,quetzalcoatl is "h repres5t$ 9 a danc+ attitude4 ,he we>s ! ,huaxtec hat made ( jagu>-sk91 ! %ield ) ! snail-%ell ornam5t1 :i* is also reproduc$ on 8 brea/1 & ! yell[ & r$ face-pa9t+4 ,! bone 8re$0 = pi]c+ ! tongue is /uck 9 8 headge>1 & f x dep5d balls ( cotton4 ,he c>ries an atlatl1 or spe>-?r[]1 symbolic ( ra9 or w9d1 & simil> 9 motif to ! nose-ornam5t ( ! ,maya ,god ,b4 ,8 mantle is cross-hat*$ to symbolize ra9 or wat] & is decorat$ ) r$ b[s4 ,he we>s anklets ( jagu>-sk91 & a pana*e ( gre5 & yell[ fea!rs4 ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,9 ! illu/ration :i* accompanies 8 description 9 ?is ,,ms4 he we>s a po9t$ cap ( jagu>-sk91 surm\nt$ by quetzal-plumes4 ,! face & body are pa9t$ black ) soot1 & a curv$ b& falls f b5ea? ! hat to ! neck4 ,he we>s ! gold5 8wat]-snake0 coll>1 & on 8 back ! w+ ( ! r$ guacamayo4 ,ov] ! hips is slung a clo? ) a r$ bord]4 ,he we>s :ite s&als1 & pieces ( jagu>-sk9 are fa/5$ ov] ! foot4 ,on 8 %ield he has ! %ell :i* is typical ( him1 & 9 8 h& a /aff ) a motif l t ( ! nose ( ! ,maya ,god ,b4 ,sahagun says ( him3 8,8 image 0 always 9 a recumb5t position & cov]$ ) blankets4 ,! face ( x 0 v ugly1 ! head l>ge & furni%$ ) a long be>d40 #add ,torquemada /ates t ,quetzalcoatl 0 a :ite man1 l>ge-bodi$1 broad-br[$1 great-ey$1 ) long black hair & a be>d heavy & r\nd$4 #ade ,aco/a says ( ,quetzalcoatl's image at ,*olula3 8,!y call$ x ,quetzallcoalt4 ,?is idoll 0 9 a great place 9 a temple v high4 ,x _h ab\t x gold1 silv]1 jewels1 v ri* fea!rs1 & habits ( div]s col\rs4 ,x _h ! =me ( a man1 b ! visage ( a little bird ) a r$ bill1 & above a combe full ( w>ts1 hav+ ranks ( tee? & ! tongue hang+ out4 ,x c>ri$ ^u ! head a po9t$ myt] ( pa9t$ pap]1 a si! 9 ! h&1 & _m toyes ( gold on ! legs1 ) a ?\s& o!r fooli% inv5tions1 :]e( all _h _! significations40 #adf ,else:]e ,aco/a says3 8,! greate/ idoll ( all _! gods 0 call$ ,quezcalcovately4444 ,he nev] w>e b "o g>m5t ( cotton1 :i* 0 :ite1 n>r[ & long1 & ^u t a mantle beset ) c]ta9 r$ crosses4 ,!y h c]ta9 gre5 /ones :i* 7 81 & ^? !y keep = relickes4 ,"o ( !m is l an ape's head40 ,anales de ,quauhtitlan4--,9 ?is "w ,quetzalcoatl is describ$ z we>+ ! turquoise snake-mask & ! quetzal-fea!r ornam5t--t is1 ! decorations ( ! ,fire-god3 8,la/ly 9 ! ye> "o re$ !y say1 :5 he _h arriv$ on ! %ore ( ! sea1 !n he began to weep & put (f ! g>b ) :i* he 0 array$1 8 quetzal-fea!r ornam5t1 8 turquoise mask40 ,,/atu>y ,a /atuette ( ! god f ! ,valley ( ,mexico exhibits him 9 a high cap1 ornam5t$ r\nd ! l[] portion ) a s]p5t9e motif1 & we>+ ! slic$ snail-%ell dress-ornam5t4 ,a c>yatid f\nd 9 ! ,calle de las ,escal]illas1 ,mexico ,city1 on ! #af? ( ,octob] #aijj1 repres5ts him ) a long1 po9t$ be>d1 :i* might1 h[ev]1 be int]pret$ z ! m\?-mask ( ! ,w9d-god l[]$ d[n to %[ ! upp] "p ( ! face m cle>ly1 & x w\ld seem f ?is /atue t ! be>d ) :i* ,quetzalcoatl is repres5t$ 9 "s places 9 ,mexican art is no?+ m or less ?an ! m\?-mask pu%$ d[n ov] ! *9 & neck1 al?\gh x mu/ be admitt$ t 8 mask is frequ5tly depict$ ) :at is und\bt$ly a be>d4 ,a relief excavat$ at ! ,ca/illo de ,teayo %[s ,quetzalcoatl we>+ ! fea!r$-s]p5t helmet-mask1 :i* 9 ?is repres5tation is mo/ elaborate1 & ! slic$ snail-%ell dress-ornam5t4 ,two figures ( ,quetzalcoatl f\nd ne> ,texcuco exhibit consid]able diff]5tiation f o!r =ms4 ,9 bo? he is seat$ on ! top ( a teocalli or temple1 & beh9d him is se5 ! sol> emblem1 repres5t$ z a l>ge1 flam+ disc4 ,he we>s a high cap :i* rem9ds "o ( ! cr[n ( ,upp] ,egypt1 z se5 9 ,egyptian repres5tations1 except t x is flank$ on ei!r side by two l>ge /uds or knobs & is surr\nd$ at ! base by ! s]p5t-motif1 z 9 ! specim5 f ! ,valley ( ,mexico4 ,he also we>s 8 usual brea/-ornam5t4 ,9 a r\nd sculpture f\nd at ,puebla we p]haps see ,quetzalcoatl z a butt]fly1 & c only id5tify ?is figure z ! god because ( ! w9d-mask x we>s4 ,,wall-,,pa9t+s ,9 sev]al ( ! wall-pa9t+s at ,mitla1 & especially 9 ^? on ! nor? side ( ,palace ,i1 ,quetzalcoatl is depict$ z we>+ ! insignia usually connect$ ) him 9 ,mexico4 ,9 "o ( ^! he we>s ! ,huaxtec cap ) jagu>-sk9 m>k+s1 hav+ ! sacrificial implem5ts /uck 9 x1 & ! w9d-m\? mask1 ) be>d4 ,! snail-%ell ornam5t adorns 8 %ield4 ,9 ano!r ! facial insignia is less easily se51 b ! l>ge nape-fan ) :i* he is frequ5tly adorn$ is well depict$4 ,imm$iately beh9d ?is is a figure1 :i*1 ?\gh p>tially de/roy$1 is /ill int]e/+ because ( its high degree ( conv5tionality4 ,we h "h ! cap & pana*e ( ,quetzalcoatl1 toge!r ) ! /rip runn+ f br[ to eye & f eye to jaw1 :i* is "p ( ! face-pa9t+ ( ! ,moon-god4 ,moreov]1 9 ! corn] we h ! symbol ( ! moon1 a pot-%ap$ bone1 s t "h1 ,i ?9k1 we h a symbol ( ,quetzalcoatl z ! ,moon-god4 ,9 ! prec$+ figure1 too1 we h also ! lun> emblem1 9 ?is place 9 %ape l ! nose-plug ( ! octli-gods1 b conta9+ ! /ell> eye1 & flank$ by balls ( fea!r-d[n4 ,x w\ld ?us seem t ! symbol has "s ref]5ce to ,quetzalcoatl 9 8 v>iant ( ! planet ,v5us4 ,moreov] ! eye appe>s z g\g$ out4 ,?is eye-g\g+ is se5 9 ! ,maya ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam1 9 ! case ( ! god ,itzamn4 ,^! two latt] pa9t+s1 ,sel] ?9ks1 are symbolic ( ! ,uiyatao1 or ! high-prie/s ( ,mitla1 :o 7 reg>d$ z inc>nations ( ,quetzalcoatl4 #adg ,,my?s ,! my?s conc]n+ ,quetzalcoatl are num]\s & conflict+4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,i %all provide a c>eful prcis ( ! m important1 _! prolixity r5d]+ full quotation impossible4 ,sahagun's acc\nt ( ,quetzalcoatl may be summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,! arts _h _! inception ) ,quetzalcoatl4 ,8 h\ses 7 made ( *al*iuites1 silv]1 :ite1 & r$ %ells1 & ri* fea!rs4 ,8 folk 7 nimble & swift 9 passage f "o place to ano!r1 & 7 call$ tlanquacemilhiyme4 #adh ,he gave 8 comm&s to ! p = a hundr$ leagues r\nd by means ( a cri] /ation$ on ! m\nta9 ,tzotzitepetl4 #adi ,he _h weal? 9 abundance1 provision 9 pl5ty1 & 9 8 "t maize 0 s l>ge 9 ! head t a man might n c>ry m ?an "o /alk 9 8 clasp$ arms4 ,pumpk9s 7 9 circumf]5ce z great z a man is high1 & ! /alks ( ! wild am>an? grew l trees4 ,cotton grew 9 all col\rs--r$1 sc>let1 yell[1 violet1 :ite1 gre51 blue1 black1 grey1 orange1 & tawny4 ,9 ! city ( ,tollan1 :]e ,quetzalcoatl dwelt1 7 _m birds ( ri* plumage & sweet song4 ,! s]vants ( ,quetzalcoatl 7 weal?y & _h abundance ( all ?+s1 & food 0 pl5tiful ) !m4 ,_! ma/] did p5ance by prick+ 8 legs & draw+ blood ) ! sp9es ( ! maguey & by wa%+ at midnight 9 a f\nta94 ,b sorc]]s came aga9/ ,quetzalcoatl & 8 p1 ! ,toltecs1 & ^!1 we are told1 7 ! gods ,tezcatlipoc1 ,uitzilopo*tli1 & ,tlacuepan4 ,tezcatlipoc visit$ ! h\se ( ,quetzalcoatl 9 ! guise ( an old man1 b 0 told t he 0 sick1 & 0 at fir/ refus$ entrance4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 he 0 admitt$1 ,quetzalcoatl obs]v+ t he _h wait$ = him = _m days4 ,tezcatlipoc !n produc$ a draught ( m$ic9e :i*1 he assur$ ! sick k+1 w\ld intoxicate him1 ease 8 he>t1 & c>ry 8 ?\ghts away f ! trials & fatigues ( dea? & dep>ture4 #aej ,?is latt] phrase r\s$ ,quetzalcoatl to ask :]e he mu/ g1 = t he _h a premonition ( dep>ture seems cle>4 8,to ,tollantlapallan10 repli$ ,tezcatlipoc1 8:]e ano!r old man awaits !e4 ,he & y %all speak toge!r1 & on ?y return ?\ %alt be z a y\?1 yea z a boy40 ,) little goodwill ,quetzalcoatl quaff$ ! m$ic9e1 & hav+ once ta/$ ( x he drank m deeply1 s t at la/ he became intoxicat$ & maudl94 ,t :i* he _h drunk 0 ! w9e made f ! maguey-plant1 call$ teoncetl 78dr9k ( ! gods074 ,& s great a long+ to dep>t came ^u him t at l5g? he arose & w5t f ,tollan4 #aea ,ere dep>t+1 ,quetzalcoatl burn$ 8 h\ses ( %ells & silv] & buri$ _m preci\s ?+s 9 ! m\nta9s & rav9es4 ,he turn$ ! cocoa-trees into mezquites & dispat*$ all ! birds ( brilliant plumage 9 ,anahuac1 ?ree hundr$ miles away4 ,on 8 j\rney to ! coa/ he came to ! hill ,quauhtitlan1 :]e he f\nd a great tree1 "u :i* he re/$4 ,gaz+ into a mirror1 z he recl9$ "u its %ade1 he said1 8,i am v old10 nam$ ! place ,ueuequauhtitlan aft] 8 say+1 #aeb & /on$ ! tree4 ,! /ones he ca/ at x sank into its trunk1 & 7 to be se5 rema9+ !re = long aft]w>ds4 ,prec$$ by flute-play]s1 he recomm5c$ 8 j\rney1 b once m became we>y1 & re/$ on a /one by ! wayside4 ,look+ t[>ds ,tollan1 he wept1 & 8 te>s pitt$ ! /one on :i* he sat1 & ! impr9ts ( 8 h&s & ?ighs also rema9$ !reon4 ,t place he call$ ,temacpalco4 ,rea*+ a great riv]1 he halt$ until a /one bridge 0 built ov] x1 & hav+ cross$1 he call$ ! place ,tepanaoya4 ,c]ta9 sorc]]s n[ met him1 & ask$ him :i!r he 0 b\nd1 :y he _h left 8 city ( ,tollan1 & :o w\ld n[ d p5ance !re4 ,quetzalcoatl repli$ t he mu/ g1 t he 0 call$ to ,tlapallan by ! ,sun4 ,! sorc]]s reque/$ him to leave beh9d 8 k ( ! me*anical arts1 ! smelt+ ( silv]1 ! work+ ( preci\s /ones1 & masonry1 pa9t+1 & fea!r-"w4 ,^! he left ) !m p]=ce4 ,b 8 treasure ( jewels he ca/ into ! f\nta9 ( ,cozcaapan h>d by4 ,ano!r magician :om he met insi/$ ^u 8 dr9k+ a draught :i* he c\ld give 8to none ( ! liv+40 ,intoxicat$1 he slept1 & :5 he awoke1 tore 8 hair4 ,t place 0 call$ ,ca*toca4 ,pursu+ 8 j\rney1 he pass$ betwe5 a m\nta9 ( sn[ & a volcano1 :]e 8 hump-back$ & dw>fi% s]vants p]i%$ f ! excessive cold4 ,bitt]ly he bewail$ _! dea? 9 song4 ,pass+ on1 leav+ signs ( 8 progress on e h&1 & slid+ d[n ! m\nta9s1 he t>ri$ "h & !re1 build+ a tla*tli c\rt at "o place1 ! m>k+s ( :i* 7 visible 9 deep ga%es on ! hills4 ,once he transfix$ a tree ) a d>t or ) ano!r tree1 s t x resembl$ a cross4 ,9 o!r localities he con/ruct$ subt]ranean h\ses 7mictlancalco71 & else:]e balanc$ a great roll+-/one1 & on all ^! spots he conf]r$ names4 ,at l5g? he came to ! sea-%ore1 :]e he comm&$ t a raft ( snakes 7coatapo*tli7 %\ld be con/ruct$ = him4 ,9 ?is he seat$ himself z 9 a canoe1 put out to sea1 & set out = ,tlapallan4 #aec ,torquemada's acc\nt ( ! ,quetzalcoatl my? some:at resembles t ( ,sahagun1 due1 no d\bt1 to ! circum/ance t he _h access to ! unpubli%$ ,,ms4 ( t au?or1 f :i* he borr[$ 9 a :olesale mann]4 ,! po9ts ( diff]5ce are ^!3 ,quetzalcoatl 0 high-prie/ ( ,tollan1 :5ce he migrat$ to ,*olula4 ,! rul] ( ,tollan 0 "o ,huemac1 b ,quetzalcoatl 0 its *ief 9 spiritual & ecclesia/ical matt]s4 ,9 dr9k+ ! magic potion ( ,tezcatlipoc1 ,quetzalcoatl desir$ to r5d] himself immortal4 ,he left ! impress ( 8 body on a /one situat$ on a m\nta9 ne> ! city ( ,tlalnepantla 7or ,temacpalco71 two leagues f ,mexico1 z ! natives decl>$ to ,torquemada himself4 ,met by ! sorc]]s ,tezcatlipoc & ! o!rs :o tri$ to h9d] 8 go+1 he refus$ to /ay 8 progress1 & said t he mu/ pass on to ! sun-l&4 ,fa!r ,sahagun1 rem>ks ,torquemada1 :5 at ,xo*imilco1 0 ask$ by ! natives1 :o 7 ke5ly desir\s ( k on ! po9t1 :]e ,tlapallan 01 & repli$ t he did n "k1 z he _h !n n be5 long among !m4 ,! f\nta9 9 :i* ,quetzalcoatl ca/ 8 jewels 0 n[ call$ ,coaapan1 89 ! snake-wat]40 ,he !n pass$ on to ,*olula1 :]e he 0 ador$ z a god4 ,:5 he _h resid$ !re = tw5ty ye>s1 he 0 expell$ by ,tezcatlipoc4 ,sett+ out once m = ,tlapallan1 accompani$ by f\r virtu\s y\?s1 he emb>k$ at ,coatzacoalco4 ,bidd+ f>ewell to 8 disciples1 he assur$ !m t at a future "t !re w\ld come by way ( ! sea1 :]e ! sun rises1 c]ta9 :ite m5 ) :ite be>ds1 l him1 & t ^! w\ld be 8 bro!rs & w\ld rule ! l&4 ,^! disciples became ! rul]s ( ! f\r prov9ces ( ,*olula4 ,quetzalcoatl 0 god ( ! air1 & dur+ 8 life on e>? 0 devot$ to ! c>eful obs]vance ( ! old] =ms ( wor%ip1 b in/itut$ _m new rites1 c]emonies1 & fe/ivals & made ! cal5d>4 ,b>r5 wom5 pray$ to him4 ,he swept ! road1 s t ! ,tlaloque might ra94 ,= a mon? or s be=e ! ra9y season /ormy w9ds blew ?r\gh\t ,new ,spa94 ,! ,*olulans pres]v$ z relics gre5 /ones t _h belong$ to him1 on "o ( :i* 0 c>v$ a monkey's head4 ,a great temple to him 0 f\nd$ at ,*olula4 #aed ,else:]e ,torquemada descants on ! ,quetzalcoatl my? z foll[s3 ,a body ( m5 came f ! nor? by way ( ,panuco1 dress$ 9 long robes ( black l951 cut l[ at ! neck1 ) %ort sleeves4 ,!y came to ,tollan1 b f9d+ ! c\ntry !re too ?ickly peopl$1 pass$ on to ,*olula1 :]e !y 7 well receiv$4 ,_! *ief 0 ,quetzalcoatl1 a man ) ruddy complexion & long be>d4 ,^! p multipli$ & s5t coloni/s to ! ,mixtec & ,zapotec c\ntries1 rais+ ! great build+s at ,mitla4 ,!y 7 cunn+ h&icraftsm51 n s good at masonry z at jewell]s' "w1 sculpture1 & agriculture4 ,tezcatlipoc & ,huemac conceiv$ an enmity to ,quetzalcoatl1 & z he did n wi% to g to w> ) !m1 he & 8 folk remov$ to ,onohualco 7,yucatan1 ,tabasco1 & ,campe*e74 #aee ,motol9ia says ( ,quetzalcoatl t :5 ,iztacmixcoatl1 ! ,mexican ,adam1 m>ri$ 8 second wife ,*imalmat1 %e bore him ,quetzalcoatl1 :o grew up *a/e & temp]ate4 ,he in/itut$ fa/+ & mortification1 & nev] m>ri$4 ,he f\nd$ ! cu/om ( draw+ blood f ! e>s & tongue 9 p5it5ce4 ,a c]ta9 ,*i*emecatl fa/5$ a lea!r /rap to 8 arm1 ne> ! %\ld]1 & f t "t ?is ,*i*emecatl 0 kn[n z ,acolhuatl1 & became ! ance/or ( ! ,colhua4 ,quetzalcoatl 0 god ( ! air & _m temples 7 rais$ to him4 #aef ,m5dieta has mu* to say ( ,quetzalcoatl1 b 9 a synopsis ( 8 acc\nt we reta9 only su* circum/ances z h n be5 already allud$ to3 ,_m diff]5t traditions reg>d+ ,quetzalcoatl exi/$1 "s say+ t he 0 ! son ( ,camacotli 7,camaxtli71 god ( hunt+ & fi%+1 & ( 8 wife ,*imialuna2 o!rs t ,*imialuna1 :5 sweep+ "o day1 f\nd a *al*ihuitl /one1 by virtue ( :i* %e became miracul\sly pregnant & gave bir? to ,quetzalcoatl1 :o came ei!r f ,tollan or ,yucatan4 ,! p came to love him1 n only because he taught !m h&icrafts1 & desir$ no (f]+s b ^? ( bread1 fl[]s1 & p]fumes4 ,he =bade all w> & di/urbance4 ,pilgrims came to 8 %r9e at ,*olula f all p>ts ( ,mexico1 ev5 ! enemies ( ,*olula1 & ! lords ( di/ant l&s built !m *apels & idols !re4 ,among all ! gods only ,quetzalcoatl 0 call$ ,"l1 & m5 swore by him4 ,! gods ?\ght x well t ! p %\ld h "s means ( writ+ by :i* !y might direct !mselves1 & two ( _! numb]1 ,oxomoco & ,cipactonal1 :o dwelt 9 a cave 9 ,cu]navaca1 especially consid]$ ! matt]4 ,cipactonal ?\ght t h] desc5dant ,quetzalcoatl %\ld be consult$1 & %e call$ him into c\nsel4 ,he1 too1 ?\ght ! idea ( a cal5d> good1 & ! two address$ !mselves to ! task ( mak+ ! tonalamatl4 ,to ,cipactonal 0 giv5 ! privilege ( *oos+ & writ+ ! fir/ sign4 ,%e pa9t$ ! cipactli animal1 & call$ ! sign ce cipactli 78"o cipactli074 ,oxmoco !n wrote ome acatl 78two cane071 & ,quetzalcoatl 8?ree h\se10 & s on1 until ! ?irte5 signs 7 complet$4 #aeg ,ano!r =m ( ! ,quetzalcoatl my? giv5 by ,m5dieta is 9 sub/ance z foll[s3 ,tezcatlipoc let himself d[n f ! upp] regions by means ( a spid]'s web1 & com+ to ,tollan engag$ 9 a game ( tla*tli 7! native ball game7 ) ,quetzalcoatl1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* he trans=m$ himself into a tig]4 ,^? :o wat*$ ! game 7 panic-/rick51 & ca/ !mselves pell-mell into a rav9e1 & 7 dr[n$ 9 a riv] :i* fl[$ !re94 ,tezcatlipoc !n h>ass$ ,quetzalcoatl f city to city1 until he drove him to ,*olula1 & latt]ly to ,tlapallan1 :]e he di$1 & :]e 8 foll[]s burnt 8 body1 ?us inaugurat+ ! cu/om ( burn+ ! dead4 #aeh ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis says reg>d+ ,quetzalcoatl3 8,quetcalcoatl !y say 0 he :o creat$ ! _w2 & !y be/[$ ^u him ! appellation ( ,"l ( ! ,w9d1 because !y said t ,tonacatecotli :5 x appe>$ good to him brea!d & begat ,quecalcoatle4 ,!y erect$ r\nd temples to him )\t any corn]s4 ,!y said t x 0 he 7:o 0 also "l ( ^! ?irte5 signs :i* are "h repres5t$7 :o =m$ ! fir/ man4 ,!y celebrat$ a fe/ival on ! sign ( f\r e>?quakes1 to ! de/roy] ) ref]5ce to ! fate :i* aga9 wait$ ! _w2 = !y said t x _h und]gone f\r de/ructions & w\ld aga9 be de/roy$4 ,he alone _h a human body l t ( m52 ! o!r gods 7 ( an incorporeal nature4 8,aft] ! deluge ! cu/om ( sacrific+ comm5c$4 ,topilc9 ,quetcalcoatle 0 born on ! day ( sev5 canes2 & !y celebrat$ on ?is same day ( sev5 canes a great fe/ival 9 ,*olula1 to :i* !y came f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry & ! cities & br\ght great pres5ts to ! lords & papas ( ! temple2 & !y did ! same on ! day on :i* he disappe>$ or di$1 :i* 0 ! day ( ,"o ,cane4 ,^! fe/ivals happ5$ at ! expiration ( e p]iod ( fifty-two ye>s4 8,!y "h fa/$ ! la/ f\r days to ,quecalcoatl ( ,tula1 :o is he :o 0 nam$ aft] ! fir/ ,calcoatle2 & n[ !y "n him ,"o ,cane1 :i* is ! /> ,v5us1 ( :i* !y tell ! fable accr$it$ among/ !m4 8,tlavizcalpantecutli is ! /> ,v5us ! fir/ creat$ light 7,civahteltona7 be=e ! deluge4 ,!y say t x 0 a fire or a />3 x 0 creat$ be=e ! sun4 ,?is /> 7,v5us7 is ,quecalcoatle4 ,!y say ?is is ! /> :i* we call ,lucif] f its light2 & !y accord+ly pa9t x ) ! sign ( "o ,cane1 :i* 0 ! day d$icat$ to x4 ,he took ?is "n on ! occasion ( 8 dep>ture or disappe>ance4 ,tlavizcalpantecutli is ! ,god ( ,morn+ :5 x beg9s to dawn3 he is also ! ,"l ( ,twilight on ! approa* ( ,night3 he presid$ ov] ^! ?irte5 days dur+ ! f\r la/ ( :i* !y fa/$4 ,x prop]ly 0 ! fir/ light :i* appe>$ 9 ! _w2 x "h signifies ! light :i* diffuses itself ov] ?+s1 or ! surface ( ! e>?40 ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says3 8,!y inv5t$ dreams1 ! result ( _! own bl9dness1 relat+ t a god ( ! "n ( ,citallatonac1 :i* is ! sign se5 9 heav5 call$ ,/4 ,james's or ! ,milky ,way1 s5t an ambassador f heav5 on an embassy to a virg9 ( ,tulan call$ ,*imalman 7a %ield7 :o _h two si/]s1 ! "o nam$ ,tzo*itlique & ! o!r ,c\atlique2 & t ! ?ree be+ alone 9 ! h\se1 two ( !m1 obs]v+ ! ambassador ( heav51 di$ ( fright1 ,*imalman alone rema9+ alive1 to :om ! ambassador ann\nc$ t x 0 ! w ( ?is god t %e %\ld conceive a son2 & hav+ deliv]$ to h] ! message1 he rose & left ! h\se1 & z soon z he _h left x %e conceiv$ a son )\t connection ) man1 :o !y call$ ,quetzalcoatle1 :o !y say is ! god ( air1 & 8 temples are r\nd 9 ! mann] ( *ur*es1 al?\gh till t "t su* 0 n ! fa%ion ( _! temples4 ,he 0 ! inv5tor ( temples ( ?is =m z we %all %[4 ,he x 01 z !y say1 :o caus$ hurricanes & 9 my op9ion 0 ! god :o 0 call$ ,citaladuali & x 0 he :o de/roy$ ! _w by w9ds4 ,?is pa9t+ is "h want+1 toge!r ) ano!r :i* repres5t$ t z soon z ! son ( ?is virg9 0 born he possess$ ! use ( reason4 ,! son ( ! virg91 ,topilc9 ,quetzalcoatle1 kn[+ t ! vices ( m5 7 necess>ily ! cause ( ! tr\bles ( ! _w1 det]m9$ on ask+ ! goddess ,*al*iutlicue 7?is 0 ! heav5ly designation ( ! virg9 ,*imalman7 :o is %e :o rema9$ aft] ! deluge ) ! man 9 ! tree1 & is ! "m ( ! god ,tlaloque1 :om !y h made goddess ( wat]1 t !y might obta9 ra9 :5 !y /ood 9 ne$ ( & accord+ly ,quetzalcoatle comm5c$ (f]+ sacrifices to obta9 ra91 z a p]iod ( f\r ye>s _h elaps$ s9ce x _h ra9$4 8,quetzalcoatltopilz9 does p5ance & makes (f]+s ( pray]s1 sacrifice1 gold gems1 inc5se1 etc41 to appease div9e wra? aga9/ ! p2 draws 8 own blood ) ?orns4 ,aft] ! expiration ( a long p]iod dur+ :i* he cont9u$ 8 p5ance a liz>d appe>$ scrat*+ ! gr\nd giv+ him to und]/& t ! sc\rge ( heav5 0 pa/ & t ! e>? w\ld ) joy produce its fruits1 :i* quickly came to pass2 & accord+ly !y relate t on a sudd5 su* abundance foll[$ t ! e>?1 :i* _h rema9$ s _m ye>s b>r51 bore _m k9ds ( fruit & f t ev5 !y took f\r signs4 8,quetzalcoatl's example tea*es m5 to d p5ance1 make (f]+s4 ,he f\nd$ f\r temples--! fir/ = ! nobles2 second1 = ! p2 ?ird1 ,h\se ( ,fe> or ,s]p5t2 f\r?1 ,temple ( ,%ame4 8,( ,quetzalcoatle !y relate t1 proce$+ on 8 j\rney1 he arriv$ at ! ,r$ ,sea1 :i* is "h pa9t$1 & :i* !y nam$ ,tlapallan2 & t ent]+ into x1 !y saw no m ( him1 nor knew :at became ( him1 except t !y say t he desir$ !m at ! "t ( 8 dep>ture to re/ra9 _! grief & to expect 8 return1 :i* w\ld take place at ! appo9t$ "t2 & accord+ly !y expect him ev5 to ! pres5t "t3 & :5 ! ,spani>ds came to ?is c\ntry !y believ$ t x 0 he1 & :5 at a lat] p]iod ( #aeej :5 ! apotecas revolt$1 !y alleg$1 z ! cause ( _! insurrection1 ! report t _! god :o _h to r$eem !m _h already come4 ,quetzalcoatle 0 born on ! sign ,"o ,cane2 & ! ye> ( ! ,spani>ds' arrival comm5c$ on ! sign ,"o ,cane1 accord+ to _! anci5t ,computation3 :5ce ! occasion arose ( _! believ+ t ! ,spani>ds 7 _! gods2 because !y say t he _h =etold t a be>d$ nation w\ld arrive 9 ^? c\ntries :o w\ld subject !m4 ,!y ador$ him z a god1 z w be se53 = !y believ$ x c]ta9 t he _h asc5d$ into heav5 & 0 t /> :i* 0 visible at ! nor? ( ! sun be=e ! break ( day1 :i* is ! planet ,v5us2 & !y repres5t$ him accord+ly z has already be5 %[n4 8,quetzalcoatle 0 ! fir/ inv5tor ( sacrifices ( human blood1 among/ ! v>i\s o!r ?+s :i* !y (f]$ to ! gods2 & ?is 0 ! mann] 9 :i* !y pi]c$ _! tongues1 t ! blood might fl[ 444 & _! e>s & p5is2 till at la/1 z we %all pres5tly m5tion1 ! cu/om ( human sacrifices 0 introduc$1 :5 !y tore out ! he>ts ( ! victims to pres5t !m to ! face ( ! idol :i* !y consid]$ ! image ( _! wret*$ god4 8,!y decl>e t _! supreme deity ,tonacatecotle1 :om we h j m5tion$1 :o by ano!r "n 0 call$ ,cit9atonali1 :5 x appe>$ good to him1 brea!d & begot ,quetzalcoatle1 n by connection ) woman1 b by 8 brea? alone1 z we h obs]v$ above1 :5 he s5t 8 ambassador1 z !y say1 to ! virg9 ( ,tula4 ,!y believ$ him to be ! god ( ! air & he 0 ! fir/ to :om !y built temples & *ur*es1 :i* !y =m$ p]fectly r\nd )\t any angles4 ,!y say t x 0 he :o effect$ ! re=mation ( ! _w by p5ance1 s9ce z1 accord+ to 8 acc\nt1 8 fa!r _h creat$ ! _w & m5 _h giv5 !mselves up to vice1 on :i* acc\nt x _h be5 frequ5tly de/roy$1 ,cit9atonali s5t 8 son into ! _w to re=m x4444 ,!y assign$ to him ! dom9ion ov] ! o!r ?irte5 signs1 :i* are "h repres5t$1 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* !y assign$ ! prec$+ ?irte5 to 8 fa!r4 ,!y celebrat$ a great fe/ival on ?is sign1 z we %all see on ! sign ( f\r e>?quakes1 :i* is ! f\r? 9 ord] "h1 because !y fe>$ t ! _w w\ld be de/roy$ 9 t sign1 z he _h =etold to !m :5 he disappe>$ 9 ! ,r$ ,sea1 :i* ev5t occurr$ on ! same sign4 ,z !y consid]$ him _! advocate1 !y celebrat$ a solemn fe/ival & fa/$ dur+ f\r signs40 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan or ,codex ,*imalpopoc /ates t ,quetzalcoatl 0 born 9 no natural mann]1 b 0 a n9e ye>s' *ild4 ,he creat$ ! f\r classes ( m53 ! m5 ( ! f\r 8suns0 or p]iods ( ! _w 7 made by him on ! day *icome ehecatl1 or 8sev5 w9d40 ,! record proce$s to relate ! circum/ances ( 8 rule at ,tollan1 ! mann] 9 :i* he discov]$ ! value ( preci\s /ones1 gold & silv]1 r$ & :ite %ells1 quetzal fea!rs1 ! cot+a & r$ sp>r[bill fea!rs1 ! v>i\s species ( cocoa & cotton4 ,:5 he _h drunk ! octli (f]$ him by ,tezcatlipoc1 he =got 8 *a/ity 9 ! intoxication & indulg$ 9 int]c\rse ) ,quetzalpetlatl1 = :i* s9 he 0 =c$ to quit ,mexico4 ,:5 he 0 driv5 f ,tollan 9 ! ye> "o re$1 he arriv$ on ! sea-%ore1 wept1 & dive/$ himself ( 8 g>b & turquoise snake-mask4 ,!n he immolat$ himself by burn+1 8 a%es became du/ & *ang$ into birds & 8 he>t 0 conv]t$ into ! morn+ />4 ,la/ly1 x is said ( him t :5 he di$ he 0 n visible = f\r days1 dur+ :i* p]iod he t>ri$ 9 ! ,und]world4 ,= a subsequ5t f\r days 8he 0 bones40 8,aft] eight days appe>$ ! great /> :i* !y call$ ,quetzalcoatl4 ,!y said t he ?us m\nt$ ! ?rone z a god40 ,9 its second or hi/orical portion ! codex /ates t ,quetzalcoatl discov]$ maize :i* 0 conceal$ 9 ! m\nta9 ,tonacatepetl4 ,_m ( ! gods se>*$ = x1 b ,quetzalcoatl1 tak+ ! =m ( a black ant1 0 guid$ to ! spot by a r$ ant4 ,z he 0 unable to lift ! m\nta91 x 0 split op5 by ! magical pr[ess ( ,xolotl 9 8 manife/ation ( ,nanahuatl1 & ! maize became ! spoil ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,b x 0 /ol5 f him by ,tlaloc1 ! ra9-god prop]1 p]haps an allegorical mann] ( allud+ to ! m direct influ5ce ( t deity ^u gr[?4 ,o!r my?s relat+ to ,quetzalcoatl1 *iefly z a creative ag5cy1 w be f\nd 9 ! prcis ( ! op5+ *apt]s ( ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas1 9 ! *apt] on ,cosmogony4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia we f9d a passage 7%eets #ce-df7 :i* appe>s to ref] to ! progress ( ,quetzalcoatl & ,tezcatlipoc ?r\gh ! inf]nal regions1 & :i* might be describ$ z ! ,mexican 8,h>ry+ ( ,hell40 ,on ?is passage ,sel] has briefly comm5t$ 7see 8 ,comm5t>y on ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #aai74 ,,c5tral ,,am]ican ,,my?s ,,relat+ ,,to ,,quetzalcoatl ,quetzalcoatl is1 p]haps1 s+ul> among ! deities ( ,mexico 9 t a numb] ( well-au!nticat$ ,c5tral ,am]ican my?s clu/] ar\nd 8 "n 9 its =ms ( ,kukulcan1 ,gucumatz1 & ,votan4 ,c]ta9 ( ^! mu/ be consid]$ "h1 = purposes ( comp>ison & analogy4 ,nuez de la ,vega3 ,a book 9 ! ,qui*e tongue1 said to h be5 writt5 by ,votan1 a local "n = ,quetzalcoatl1 0 at "o "t 9 ! possession ( ,nuez de la ,vega1 ,bi%op ( ,*iapas1 :o includ$ portions ( x 9 8 ,con/ituciones ,diocesianos de ,*iapas1 b nev]!less de/roy$ x 9 8 holocau/ ( ,,mss4 at ,heuheutlan 9 #afia4 ,ordoez de ,aguil> _h1 h[ev]1 made a copy ( x be=e its de/ruction1 & incorporat$ x 9 8 ,hi/oria de ,cielo ,,ms4 ,9 ?is "w ,votan decl>$ himself 8a snake10 a desc5dant ( ,imos1 ( ! l9e ( ,*an #aei ( ! race ( ,*ivim4 ,tak+ ,aguil>'s acc\nt along ) t ( ,nuez de la ,vega1 z bo? rely ^u ! same au?ority1 we f9d t ,votan proce$$ to ,am]ica by div9e comm&1 8 mission be+ to lay ! f\ndation ( civilization4 ,) ?is object 9 view he dep>t$ f ,valum ,*ivim1 #afj pass+ ! dwell+ ( ! ?irte5 snakes1 & arriv$ 9 ,valum ,votan1 :5ce1 ) "s memb]s ( 8 family1 he set out to =m a settlem5t1 asc5d+ ! ,usumac9ta ,riv] & ultimately f\nd+ ,pal5que4 ,by reason ( _! peculi> dress ! ,tz5dal ,indians call$ !m ,tzequitles1 or 8m5 ) %irts10 b cons5t$ to amalgamate ) !m4 ,ordoez /ates t :5 ,votan _h e/abli%$ himself at ,pal5que he made sev]al visits to 8 orig9al home4 ,on "o ( ^! he came to a t[] :i* _h be5 int5d$ to rea* ! heav5s1 a project :i* _h be5 br\ght to naught by ! l+ui/ic confusion ( ^? :o conceiv$ x4 ,f9ally he 0 p]mitt$ to rea* 8! rock ( heav50 by a subt]ranean passage4 ,return+ to ,pal5que1 he f\nd t o!rs ( 8 race _h arriv$ !re1 & ) !m he made a fri5dly pact4 ,he built a temple by ! ,heuheutan ,riv]1 kn[n1 f its subt]ranean *amb]s1 z 8! ,h\se ( ,d>kness10 & "h he deposit$ ! national records "u ! *>ge ( c]ta9 old m5 call$ tlapianes1 or gu>dians1 & an ord] ( prie/esses4 ,"h also 7 kept a numb] ( tapirs4 ,a quotation ( ! passage deal+ ) ?is temple may be made f ,nuez de la ,vega3 8,votan is ! ?ird hea!n 9 ! cal5d> 7t is ! deity :o is ascrib$ to ! ?ird division ( ! cal5d>71 & 9 ! little hi/ory writt5 9 ! ,indian language all ! prov9ces & cities 9 :i* he t>ri$ 7 m5tion$2 & to ?is day !re is always a clan 9 ! city ( ,teopisa t !y call ! ,votans4 ,x is also said t he is ! "l ( ! holl[ wood5 in/rum5t :i* !y call tepanagua/e 7t is1 ! ,mexican teponaztli72 t he saw ! great wall1 namely1 ! t[] ( ,babel1 :i* 0 built f e>? to heav5 at ! bidd+ ( 8 gr&fa!r1 ,noah2 & t he 0 ! fir/ man :om ,god s5t to divide & apportion ?is c\ntry ( ,india1 & t !re1 :]e he saw ! great wall1 he gave to e nation its special language4 ,x is relat$ t he t>ri$ 9 ,huehueta 7:i* is a city 9 ,soconusco71 & t !re he plac$ a tapir & a great treasure 9 a slipp]y 7damp1 d>k1 subt]ranean7 h\se1 :i* he built by ! brea? ( 8 no/rils1 & he appo9t$ a woman z *iefta91 ) tapianes 7t is1 ,mexican tlapiani1 8keep]s07 to gu>d h]4 ,?is treasure consi/$ ( j>s1 :i* 7 clos$ ) cov]s ( ! same clay1 & ( a room 9 :i* ! picture ( ! anci5t hea!ns :o are 9 ! cal5d> 7 engrav$ 9 /one1 toge!r ) *al*iuites 7:i* are small1 heavy1 gre5 /ones7 & o!r sup]/iti\s images2 & ! *iefta9ess h]self & ! tapianes1 h] gu>dians1 surr5d]$ all ^! ?+s1 :i* 7 publicly burn$ 9 ! m>ket place ( ,huehueta :5 we inspect$ ! a=esaid prov9ce 9 #afia4 ,all ! ,indians greatly rev]e ?is ,votan1 & 9 a c]ta9 prov9ce !y call him #8he>t ( ! cities' 7,corazon de los pueblos740 ,9 8 n9? ,pa/oral ,lett] ,nuez says ( ,quetzalcoatl3 8,9 mo/ ( ! ,cal5d>s1 ! sev5? sign is ! figure ( a man & a snake1 :i* !y call ,cu*ul*an4 ,! ma/]s h expla9$ x z a snake ) fea!rs :i* moves 9 ! wat]4 ,?is sign corresponds ) ,mexzi*aut 7,mixcoatl71 :i* means ,cl\dy ,s]p5t1 or1 ( ! cl\ds4 ,! p also consult !m 9 ord] to "w injury on _! enemies1 tak+ ! lives ( _m ?r\gh su* devili% artifices1 & committ+ unspeakable atrocities40 ,! ,popol ,vuh4--,! my?s relat+ to ,quetzalcoatl "u 8 "n ( ,gucumatz 9 ! ,popol ,vuh1 ! sacr$ book ( ! ,qui*e ( ,guatemala1 are difficult to summ>ize4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] he is allud$ to z 8! s]p5t cov]$ ) fea!rs1 ! he>t ( ! lakes1 ! he>t ( ! sea1 ma/] ( ! sky1 ma/] ( ! blue expanse10 & is connect$ ) ! creative gods4 ,along ) ,hurakan 7,tezcatlipoc7 he creates ! _w by utt]+ ! ^w 8e>?40 ,! creation ( man hav+ be5 consid]$1 ! :]e)al = 8 su/5ance is debat$4 ,gucumatz1 :o is sometimes allud$ to 9 ! plural1 l ! ,hebrew ,elohim1 succe$s 9 discov]+ maize 9 ,paxil by ! aid ( ! fox1 jackal1 p>rot1 & cr[1 & obta9s ! se$s ( o!r alim5t>y plants 7pt4 iii1 c4 i47 ,gucumatz !n creat$ man by a 8miracle0 7c4 ii74 ,9 c4 v1 pt4 iii1 ,quetzalcoatl is allud$ to z ,tohil1 a p>allel = :i* we h ju/ification 9 v]4 #ai ( c4 x1 :]e 9 ! song call$ ,kamucu 78,we see07 ! fir/ m5 s+3 8,truly ,tohil is ! "n ( ! god ( ! ,zaqui nation1 :i* 0 call$ ,yolcuat-quetzalcuat :5 we sep>at$ 9 ! place ,tolan 9 ,zuiva40 ,b ! my?s relat+ to ?is deity are obvi\sly tribal & local1 & ,i am ( op9ion t !y ref] to "s tribal deity :o possess$ "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,quetzalcoatl & :o 0 id5tifi$ ) him by ! ,qui*es 9 r an arbitr>y fa%ion4 #afa ,,fe/ivals ,atlacahualco4--,! fe/ival ( ,atlacahualco or ,quaitl ,eloa 01 says ,sahagun1 sacr$ to ,quetzalcoatl1 z well z to ! ,tlaloque4 ,= an acc\nt ( x see ! section :i* deals ) ,tlaloc4 ,ce ,acatl4--,says ,sahagun3 8,on ! fir/ day ( ! sign ce acatl ! great folk made a fea/ to ,quetzalcoatl1 ! god ( w9ds4 ,?is 0 celebrat$ 9 ! calmecac1 & "h !y (f]$ ri* gifts to 8 idol1 p]fumes & ?+s to eat4 ,!y said x 0 ! sign ( ,quetzalcoatl40 ,,prie/hood ,! ord] ( prie/s devot$ to ! s]vice ( ,quetzalcoatl #afb 0 call$ ,tlamacazcayotl1 & its memb]s ,tlamacazque4 ,( ^! ,clavig]o1 :o 0 well in=m$ reg>d+ ! ,mexican prie/hood1 says3 8,among/ ! diff]5t ord]s or congregation1 bo? ( m5 & wom51 :o d$icat$ !mselves to ! wor%ip ( "s p>ticul> gods1 t ( ,quetzalcoatl is wor?y to be m5tion$4 ,! life l$ 9 ! colleges or mona/]ies ( ei!r sex1 :i* 7 devot$ to ?is imag9>y god1 0 uncommonly rigid & au/]e4 ,! dress ( ! ord] 0 extremely dec5t2 !y ba!d regul>ly at midnight1 & wat*$ until ab\t two h\rs be=e day1 s++ hymns to _! god1 & obs]v+ _m rules ( an au/]e life4 ,!y 7 at lib]ty to g to ! m\nta9s at any h\r ( ! day or night1 to spill _! blood2 ?is 0 p]mitt$ !m f a respect to ! virtue :i* !y 7 all ?\ght to possess4 ,! sup]iors ( ! mona/]ies bore also ! "n ( ,quetzalcoatl1 & 7 p]sons ( su* high au?ority1 t !y visit$ b ! k+ :5 x 0 necess>y4 ,! memb]s ( ?is religi\s ord] 7 de/9$ to x f _! infancy4 ,! p>5ts ( ! *ild invit$ ! sup]ior to an ent]ta9m5t1 :o usually deput$ "o ( 8 subjects4 ,! deputy br\ght ! *ild to him1 ^u :i* he took ! boy 9 8 arms & (f]$ him ) a pray] to ,quetzalcoatl1 & put a coll> ab\t 8 neck1 :i* 0 to be worn until he 0 sev5 ye>s old4 ,:5 ! boy complet$ 8 second ye>1 ! sup]ior made a small incision 9 8 brea/1 :i*1 l ! coll>1 0 ano!r m>k ( 8 de/9ation4 ,z soon z ! boy atta9$ 8 sev5? ye> he ent]$ into ! mona/]y1 hav+ fir/ he>d a long disc\rse f 8 p>5ts1 9 :i* !y adv]tis$ him ( ! v[ :i* !y _h made to ,quetzalcoatl1 & exhort$ him to fulfil x1 to behave well1 to submit himself to 8 prelate1 & to pray to ! gods = 8 p>5ts & ! :ole nation40 ,! high-prie/ ( ,quetzalcoatl 0 /ation$ at ,*olula & 01 p]haps1 ! mo/ v5]at$ ecclesia/ic 9 ,mexico4 ,,temples ,! pr9cipal temple ( ! cult ( ,quetzalcoatl 9 ,mexico 0 ! well-kn[n teocalli at ,*olula4 ,he _h also a %r9e 9 ! great temple c\rt at ,mexico1 built 9 circul> =m1 & ?us typical ( ! ,w9d-god4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,! late/ ( ! my?s conc]n+ ,quetzalcoatl are obvi\sly ^? :i* reg>d him z a culture-h]o :o ent]s ! c\ntry z an ali51 &1 8 b5efic5t "w p]=m$1 )draws to ! place :5ce he came1 "u pressure ( malignant opposition4 ,_h ! basic outl9e ( 8 my? be5 m c>efully exam9$1 few] unsatisfactory hypo!ses conc]n+ ,quetzalcoatl's nature might h be5 v5tur$ ^u4 ,! ,mexicans !mselves recogniz$ ,quetzalcoatl z a w9d-god1 b ,dr4 ,sel] has n se5 fit to accept _! assurance ^u ?is po9t 9 toto1 & at v>i\s times has advanc$ ! hypo!ses t ,quetzalcoatl repres5ts ! w9d1 ! planet ,v5us1 or ! moon1 latt]ly conf9+ 8 p]sonality almo/ entirely to ! lamp ( night4 #afc ,9 my view ! physical ph5om5a :i* occur 9 connection ) ! c\rses ( ! w9ds typical ( ! ,mexican plateau provide by f> ! mo/ simple & natural explanation ( ! nature ( ! god ,quetzalcoatl4 ,f ,april or ,may to ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] ! trade-w9d bl[s f ! ea/ coa/ ov] ! ,plateau ( ,anahuac1 br++ ) x abundance ( ra91 & accel]at+ vegetable gr[?1 ?us actually 8sweep+ ! ways = ! ra9-gods40 ,its advance is comp>atively sl[1 ! ra9s beg9n+ ?ree or f\r weeks e>li] 9 ,v]a ,cruz ?an 9 ,puebla & ,mexico4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 h[ev]1 x is inv>iably modifi$ by ! local monsoon1 :i* int]rupts x ov] wide areas1 or 9 c]ta9 di/ricts invades x 9 viol5t cyclonic /orms1 dissipat+ its en]gies & alt]+ its c\rse4 ,quetzalcoatl repres5ts ! g5tle trade-w9d1 :i* u%]s 9 ! gr[?-mak+ ra9s4 ,8 reign ( peace1 pl5ty1 & f]tility ov]1 he comes into opposition ) ,tezcatlipoc1 :o repres5ts ! monsoon & :o *ases 8 rival 8f city to city10 rav5+ at him l a tig]1 says ,m5dieta1 & at la/ hu/l+ him out ( ! c\ntry4 ,t ,tezcatlipoc is also a god ( w9d is c]ta91 z is prov$ by "o ( 8 names1 ,yoalli ,ehecatl1 8,w9d ( ,night10 & t he is ! monsoon or hurricane is prov$ beyond all d\bt by ! circum/ance t he is said to h ru%$ along ! highways at night at extraord9>y spe$1 & t ,hurakan1 8 ,qui*e "n1 is /ill employ$ = ! v w9d he repres5t$1 & has become a g5]ic "n = a tempe/u\s w9d 9 practically all ,european languages1 :i* h )\t "q adopt$ x f ! ,am]ican ^w4 #afd ,if ?is simple elucidation ( ! orig9al my? be accept$1 x w be se5 h[ naturally its lat] modifications arise out ( x or adapt !mselves to x4 ,b be=e we exam9e ! mann] 9 :i* !y cry/alliz$ ar\nd x1 x becomes necess>y to dis5tangle f ! :ole mass t portion ( x :i* alludes to ! adv5t ( a civiliz+ ag5cy ^u ! ,mexican plateau4 ,?is speaks ( ! advance ( a body ( m5 f ! neighb\rhood ( ,v]a ,cruz to ! ,mexican plateau1 & precisely 9 ! direction :5ce ! trade-w9d comes--t is1 f ! ea/1 ! direction ( ! l& ( ! ,huaxtecs1 a p ( proto-,maya /ock4 ,quetzalcoatl is dress$ 9 ,huaxtec g>b1 & we>s ! truncat$ sug>-loaf hat & %ell-ornam5ts ( ?is p4 ,?is may signify no?+ m ?an t he 0 s attir$ because he repres5t$ a w9d :i* blew f ! direction ( ! l& ( ! ,huaxtecs4 ,yet1 x is c]ta9 t sev]al ( ! deities adopt$ by ! ,mexicans _h und\bt$ly a ,huaxtec orig91 & ?is is m>k$ly ! case ) ,tlazoltcotl4 ,!re seems to be "s gr\nd1 !n1 = ! hypo!sis t ,quetzalcoatl 0 a god ( ,huaxtec orig94 ,b ! acceptance ( su* a !ory w entail ! ackn[l$gm5t ( c]ta9 hypo!ses :i* are among ! mo/ controv]t$ que/ions 9 ,mexican ar*ology4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x makes ,quetzalcoatl ! deity ( a p ( ,maya /ock1 & secondly x w\ld seem to imply a ,huaxtec or ,maya orig9 = ! mu*-debat$ ,toltec culture4 ,a discussion ( ^! po9ts mu/ beg9 ) ! "q1 8,has ! my? ( ,quetzalcoatl's civiliz+ mission to ! ,mexican plateau any hi/orical ju/ification80 ,reg>d+ ! reality ( ! civilization kn[n z ,toltec !re is n[ no "q1 al?\gh ,i fully admit t x took me a long "t to realize ?is1 ?anks pr9cipally to my acceptance ( ,br9ton's well-kn[n !ory on ! subject1 to :i* ,i atta*$ f> too mu* weight4 ,b admitt+ ,toltec reality1 :at pro( d we possess t su* a civiliz+ ag5cy z t ( ,quetzalcoatl gave an impetus to ! 8prehi/oric0 culture ( ,tollan8 ,b little--t is if we are to reg>d ,quetzalcoatl z a man4 ,b 9 8 guise z ! g5tle trade-w9d t u%]s 9 ! ra9s1 we h e reason to see 9 him ! f\nd] ( ! ,toltec civilization4 ,su* a culture z ! ,toltec mu/ und\bt$ly h _h its orig9 9 agricultural effici5cy4 ,only ?r\gh agricultural effici5cy c ! corve sy/em arise & ext5sive build+ become possible4 ,! god ^: b\ntiful patronage ( gr[? assi/$ ! arts 9 ?is mann] seems 9 "t to h be5 #8humaniz$4' #afe ,leg5ds ( 8 civiliz+ pr[ess clu/]$ ar\nd 8 supposititi\s memory1 he 0 ?\ght to h be5 a culture-h]o :o actually mov$ & _h 8 be+ among ! p4 ,k+s or rul]s 7 call$ by 8 "n--a lucky "n ( happy associations--& ! illusion t he actually exi/$ 0 !reby height5$4 ,^! rul]s seem to h fl\ri%$ 9 ,mexico ere yet ! (fices ( k+ & prie/ _h become sep>ate1 s t x is n surpris+ t ,quetzalcoatl 0 reg>d$ z hav+ be5 ! prie/ ( 8 own cult1 or t ! ,mexican pontiffs ( hi/orical times bore 8 "n4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 !n1 ,quetzalcoatl 0 c]ta9ly ! 8f\nd]0 ( ! ,toltec civilization4 ,if ?is !ory be accept$1 ,i d n see h[ ! my? ( ,quetzalcoatl c be reg>d$ z hav+ any basis 9 actual fact1 unless "o c f9d 9 ! r vague /atem5ts ( c]ta9 e>ly writ]s on ,mexico a fur!r basis = discussion z to 8 reality4 ,to me ! mean+ ( ! my? seems v pla94 ,x may be t ,huaxtec influ5ce 0 br\ght to be> ^u ,toltec civilization1 b my hypo!sis does n seem to me to require assi/ance f su* an admission4 ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,lat] ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,quetzalcoatl',s ,,my? ,9 %ort1 ! my? ( ,quetzalcoatl z record$ by ,sahagun is obvi\sly develop$ f a mu* old] "o :i* ref]r$ to a season ( pl5te\s ra9--! p]iod ( ! rule ( ! g5tle & b5efic5t god repres5t+ ! trade-w9d4 ,z x 0 connect$ ) prosp]\s conditions 9 agriculture1 x 0 naturally br\ght into connection ) ! ,toltec "t1 ! 8good old times ( long ago10 :5 conditions 7 greatly bett]1 & no m\? knew want4 ,su* a concept 0 obvi\sly ( lat] orig94 ,! revis$ my? took on a cultural complexion4 ,9 t]ms ( allegory1 x tells h[ ! p[]s ( ! ra9-mak+ prie/-god fail him2 he becomes sick1 & is beguil$ & defeat$ by ,tezcatlipoc1 ! rival w9d-god1 :o tells him t 8ano!r old man0 awaits him 9 ,tlapallan4 ,& "h we seem to f9d int]polat$ a ref]5ce to ! gu>dian g5ius ( ! f\nta9 ( p]petual y\?1 ! res]voir ( ra9 & all refre%m5t1 :i* ,quetzalcoatl mu/ visit if he w\ld be cur$ ( ! ills ( old age1 & he is c\nsell$ to speak ) its keep] if he w\ld return to ,mexico 8z a boy40 ,! de/ruction ( 8 treasure by ! bani%$ god seems to po9t to a rem9isc5ce ( ! d[nfall ( ! ,toltec /ate1 & ! concealm5t ( 8 gold & gems by burial to analog\s ,toltec practice on ! defeat or decl9e ( t civiliz$ folk4 ,) 8 dep>ture ! reign ( pl5ty ceases1 ! trees )]1 ! birds migrate1 ! season ( ! trade-w9d ra9s has come to an end4 ,hi/ory & my? are p]haps comb9$ 9 ?is /ory ( ! latt] days ( ! ,toltec rgime & ^? ( ! revivify+ ra9s4 ,! prie/-god )draws ea/w>ds to ! 8flute-play+0 ( ! retreat+ trade-w9ds4 ,nahua sorc]]s deta9 him 9 ord] to le>n ! ,toltec arts1 p]haps a my?ical mann] ( %[+ h[ ! ,nahua b>b>ians =c$ captive ,toltecs to tea* !m ! my/]ies ( /one- & metal-craft4 ,he is giv5 ! draught ( ! dead1 8t none ( ! liv+ c dr9k10 a my?ical episode common 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,8 dw>fi% foll[]s 7! ra9-gods1 ! ,tlaloque1 ) :om ,sahagun associates him else:]e7 are froz5 to dea? 9 ! cold ( ! m\nta9s1 o!rwise ! ra9 is congeal$ into sn[4 ,torquemada's v]sion ( ,quetzalcoatl's my? is eloqu5t ( ! pre-em95ce ( 8 cult at ,*olula4 ,! prie/-god's prophecy ( 8 return be>s an extraord9>y resemblance to t giv5 9 ! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam1 a ,guatemalan native production1 reg>d+ ! com+ ( :ite m5 to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #aff ,motol9ia's /ory ( ! fix+ ( ! /rap on ,quetzalcoatl's arm is m]ely a grotesque explanation ( ! "n ,acolhua1 :i* 9 reality signifies 8! folk ( ! great %\ld]10 8! pu%]s10 8! hu/l+ invad]s40 ,m5dieta1 9 dwell+ ^u ,quetzalcoatl's dislike ( w>1 m]ely reta9s = u a *>act]i/ic ( ! effem9ate p ( ,*olula4 ,! appe>ance ( ,tezcatlipoc z a spid] is typical ( ! god ( ! dry season1 or ( ! dry-rot preval5t 9 t p]iod ( ! ye>4 ,z a tig] he symbolizes ! fi]c5ess ( ! hurricane1 & ! tla*tli game :i* he & ,quetzalcoatl engage 9 is und\bt$ly symbolic ( ! seasonal /rife betwe5 ! w9d-gods4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,conception ,,( ,,quetzalcoatl ,summ>iz+ ! my?s relat+ to ,quetzalcoatl we f9d3 7#a7 ,t all ( !m h _! orig9 9 or ref] back to an orig9al nature-my?1 9 :i* ,quetzalcoatl1 ! trade-w9d1 is1 at ! end ( ! ra9y season1 reg>d$ z driv5 f ! ,mexican ,plateau by ,tezcatlipoc 7,hurakan7 9 8 guise ( ! monsoon1 or hurricane4 7#b7 ,t ?is my? 9 ! fir/ place became conf\nd$ ) traditions ( ! ,toltec civilization1 naturally en\gh1 z t civilization 0 ! direct outcome ( ! agricultural weal? /imulat$ by ! god repres5t+ ! trade-w9d4 7#c7 ,t x seems to h be5 associat$ ) a my? relat+ to ! f\nta9 ( y\?1 t is1 ! f\nta9 9 :i* ! refre%+ & revivify+ ra9s 7 /or$1 to :i* ,quetzalcoatl mu/ return = rejuv5ation & a fre% ra9-supply4 7#d7 ,t ! conception ( ! god ,quetzalcoatl became humaniz$ 9 ! light ( ! agricultural & o!r manife/ations ( ,toltec culture1 ?us br++ ab\t ! idea ( 8 exi/5ce z a prie/-k+1 & culm9at+ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a l9e ( prie/ly rul]s be>+ 8 "n1 :i* endur$ z long z ,mexican civilization4 7#e7 ,out ( ^! conceptions !re naturally arose o!r relat$ ideas1 z ^? (3 7a7 ,quetzalcoatl z inv5tor ( ! tonalamatl1 ! in/rum5t by :i* ! fe/al days ( ! ra9-cult 7 orig9ally not$1 b :i* on ! adoption ( ! sol> cal5d> z "t-c\nt deg5]at$ into :at may be reg>d$ z an a/rological table4 7b7 ,! lun> basis ^u :i* ! tonalamatl 0 f\nd$ connect$ ,quetzalcoatl ) ! moon4 #afg 7c7 ,reg>d$ z inv5tor ( ! tonalamatl1 he ga9$ a reputation z ! possessor ( pr(\nd hi]atic wisdom1 & came to be look$ ^u z ! magician or sage p> excell5ce1 ! patron ( education1 ! ra9-mak] :o knew precisely :5 ! blood %$ 9 p5ance %\ld be sp5t 9 ord] t x might return to ! soil ( ,anahuac 9 an abundant ra9fall4 7d7 ,quetzalcoatl z ! god ( w9d 0 also reg>d$ z ! brea? ( life1 a ph5om5on enc\nt]$ 9 _m my?ologies1 & !re=e came to be conceiv$ z ! ag5cy by :i* s\ls 7 orig9ally plac$ 9 human bodies4 ,f ?is1 too1 we may argue 8 appe>ance z a creator1 or cosmic deity1 al?\gh x may h be5 9 8 "* z f]tiliz] t he came to be reg>d$ 9 ?is light4 7e7 ,quetzalcoatl is ! great p5it5t1 ! supreme protagoni/ ( ! p5it5tial sy/em1 because )\t ! blood sp5t 9 p5it5tial ex]cise no ra9 might fall4 ,! second>y "* ( ?is conception is probable4 7f7 ,quetzalcoatl seems at a lat] date to h be5 reg>d$ z ! god ( ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! compass1 a conception ( him indubitably evolv$ f 8 /atus z a w9d-god4 ,i ?9k ,i also p]ceive signs t f ?is latt] idea 0 fur!r evolv$ a conception ( him z god ( ! f\r elem5ts--fire1 air1 e>?1 & wat]4 ,he is ! fire & ! fl9t1 because ( ! lightn+ :i* 9 ,mexico accompanies ! fall ( ! trade-w9d ra94 ,he is ! air 9 8 rle ( ,w9d-god1 & z su* is symboliz$ by ! bird1 ! natural inhabitant ( ! air1 ! beak ( :i* he uses z a funnel f :i* to expel ! w9d4 ,he is e>?1 &1 8 my? says1 a build] ( subt]ranean h\ses1 & sometimes be>s ! e>?-/aff ( agriculture4 #afh ,he is wat]1 or ra91 9 :i* guise he is typifi$ by ! fea!r$ snake4 ,?is conception ( him1 evid5tly /rongly sophi/icat$ by prie/ly !ological sci5ce1 is illu/rat$ 9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano1 :]e he is repres5t$ on "o %eet along ) ,tezcatlipoc1 ,tlaloc1 & ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,?is gr\p1 9 my op9ion1 repres5ts ! f\r elem5ts3 ,fire 7,uitzilopo*tli71 z possessor ( ! tla*9alli symbol1 a hi]oglyph = wat] & fire1 & z sun-god2 ,air 7,quetzalcoatl72 ,e>? 7,tezcatlipoc71 :o z ,tepeyollotl 0 an e>?-deity2 & ,wat] 7,tlaloc74 ,! picture may also be descriptive ( ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass ov] :i* he rules4 ,b above & beyond ?is1 z ,sel] has %[n1 x implies t ^! deities 7 lat] embodi$ 9 ! idea ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,:5 ,cortz1 com+ f ! ,ea/1 l&$ at ,v]a ,cruz1 ! ,mexicans naturally believ$ t ,quetzalcoatl _h return$1 & ,motecuhzoma s5t him z an (f]+ 8! dress appropriate to him10 f\r k9ds ( attire1 ! c]emonial co/umes ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 ,tezcatlipoc1 ,tlaloc1 & ,quetzalcoatl4 ,,etymology ,!re b rema9s ! etymology ( ,quetzalcoatl's "n4 ,x is comp\nd$ ( ! elem5t quetzalli & coatl4 ,! fir/ d5otes ! bright gre5 tail-fea!rs ( ! quetzal bird1 & coatl 8snake10 s t ! :ole implies 8fea!r$ snake40 ,! g5]ally accept$ belief is t ?is "n applies to ! ra9-be>+ cl\ds :i* accompany ! trade-w9d1 al?\gh o!rs h se5 9 x a description ( ! ra9 itself1 & /ill o!rs ! ripples made by w9d on wat]4 ,b quetzal 9 a second>y s5se means 8preci\s10 & coatl is capable ( be+ translat$ 8tw940 ,! ,mexicans !mselves1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly drew & sculptur$ ! god z a fea!r$ s]p5t1 al?\gh ?is may easily h possess$ a m]ely pictographic significance4 ,9 any case1 aft] prolong$ consid]ation on ! etymology ( ! "n1 ,i d n1 s f>1 see any reason to qu>rel ) ! curr5tly accept$ r5d]+ ( x4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,creative ,,deities ,,tonacatecutli--,,tonacaciuatl 7,,tonacatecutli 8,,"l ,,( ,,our ,,subsi/5ce07 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico2 orig9ally ,atlantic coa/l&s1 ! ,olmeca l&s & ,tlaxcallan4 ,anci5tly ,toltec4 ,m9or ,names3 ,ometecutli 8,tw(old "l40 ,tla*9ale 8,"l ( ,creation40 ,tlatecque 8,"l ( ! ,e>?ly ,_w40 ,teotlale 8,"l ( ! ,/eppe40 ,matlaua 8,"l ( ! ,net40 ,topeua 8,"l ( ! ,m\nta9s40 ,tloque ,nahuaque 8,"l ( ! ,close ,vic9ity40 ,relation%ip3 ,fa!r ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,cal5d> ,places3 ,rul] ( ! fir/ day1 ce cipactli1 ( ! fir/ week & ( ! f\r? day-h\r4 ,compass ,direction3 ,we/4 ,symbol3 ,! human pair b5ea? ! cov]let4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,vaticanus ,a4--,9 ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a ,tonacatecutli's body-pa9t is r$ & p9k4 ,8 headdress is b\nd by a fillet ri*ly encru/$ ) turquoises1 hav+ 9 front ! conv5tional bird's head :i* is s frequ5tly enc\nt]$ 9 repres5tations ( ! ,mexican gods 9 ! codices4 ,he we>s ! nasal ornam5t ( s]p5t9e %ape peculi> to ! octli- or dr9k-gods1 z to "s ( ! deities ( f]tility1 & 8 fruitful or life-giv+ nature is symboliz$ by a foot-/ool compos$ ( maize e>s4 ,codex ,borgia4--,9 ! ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #fa1 l[] half7 ! l[] portion ( 8 face is pa9t$ r$1 b its upp] "p1 z well z ! re/ ( 8 body :i* is visible1 is col\r$ yell[4 ,on ! *eek is se5 a rectangul> surface divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 ea* ( :i* is t9t$ a diff]5t col\r1 ! di/9ctive pa9t+ ( ! maize-gods1 :i*1 x is believ$1 symbolizes ! maize-field ) its _m hues4 ,a 8gobb]0 too? hangs f 8 m\? z a sign ( great age1 = z creator he 0 reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ v5]able among ! gods4 ,ar\nd 8 =ehead is a head-b& enri*$ ) preci\s /ones1 :i* recalls t frequ5tly worn by ! ,sun-god4 ,8 necklet consi/s ( a casket ( jewels1 ) lid & feet1 on :i* is repres5t$ ! symbol ( ! *al*ihuitl jewel4 #afi ,on %eet #fj ,tonacaciuatl1 ! female =m ( ?is deity1 is depict$ 9 ! act ( h&+ ,tonacatecutli a fl[]1 symbolic ( life or blood4 ,above ?is figure is ! picture ( a r$ snake1 also symboliz+ blood4 ,! god we>s a jagu>-sk9 & ! goddess an eagle's1 ?us illu/rat+ _! patronage ( ! milit>y ord]s :o wore ^? dresses4 7,= simil> read+s1 see ,codex ,laud1 #cd-e ,k74 ,9 %eet #eg 7l[] "r-h& corn]7 he is repres5t$ z we>+ a be>d ( black eagle-fea!rs4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b 7%eet #hg7 ,tonacatecutli is repres5t$ ) ,quetzalcoatl's head & neck ornam5ts1 comb9$ ) ! jewell$ fillet & bird's head on =ehead4 ,he we>s a long be>d rea*+ to ! feet4 ,,tonacaciuatl 8,,lady ,,( ,,our ,,subsi/5ce0 ,m9or ,names3 ,omeciuatl 8,tw(old ,lady40 ,citlal9icue 8,/>ry ,skirt40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,same z t ( ,tonacatecutli4 ,compass ,direction3 ,same z t ( ,tonacatecutli4 ,symbol3 ,same z t ( ,tonacatecutli4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,g5]al4--,9 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may] 7%eet #aj7 ! drawn-9 angle ( ! m\? & ! female figure po9t to ! inf]5ce t "h is depict$ ,tonacaciuatl1 :o is id5tifi$ by ! int]pret]s ) ,xo*iquetzal4 ,9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis & ,codex ,vaticanus ,a we f9d h] /&+ 9 front ( ! male creative god ,tonacatecutli4 ,9 ! latt] ,,ms4 ! fir/ int]pret] calls h] ,tonagacigua1 & ! ?ird ,xo*iquetzal1 ,oxomoco1 & ,*icomecohuatl4 ,! picture %[n "u ! n9ete5? week ( ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis pictures h] ) precisely ! same dress & emblems z ,xo*iquetzal 7q4v474 ,,my?s ,^! deities 7 id5tifi$ by ! ,mexicans ) ! ,creator1 ! ,tloque ,nahuaque1 ( :om almo/ e "o ( ! po/-,conque/ ,spani% writ]s speaks4 ,inde$ ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis expressly id5tifies !m ) ! creative =ce4 ,! passage runs3 8,all ^? epi!ts 7,god1 ,"l1 ,creator7 !y be/[$ on _! god ,tonacatecutli1 :o1 accord+ to _! acc\nt1 0 ! god :o creat$ ! _w2 & !y pa9t$ him alone ) a cr[n z "l ( all4 ,!y nev] (f]$ sacrifices to ?is god1 = !y said t he did n reg>d !m40 ,( ! female deity ! ,codex ,vaticanus says3 8,tonacacigua 0 ! wife ( ,tonacatecutle2 =1 z we h obs]v$1 al?\gh _! gods 7 n1 z !y affirm1 unit$ toge!r = matrimonial purposes1 /ill !y assign$ to ea* a goddess z a companion4 ,!y call$ h] by ano!r "n1 ,su*iquetzal & ,*icomec\al1 :i* means ,sev5 ,s]p5ts1 = !y say t %e 0 ! cause ( /]ility1 fam9e1 & all ! mis]ies ( life40 #agj ,9 fur!r descriptive passages conc]n+ ,tonacatecutli ! same ,codex says3 8,?is is ! repres5tation ( ,tonacatecotle1 :i* "n signifies ! ,"l ( our ,bodies2 o!rs say t x means ! ,fir/ ,man1 or p]haps x means t ! fir/ man 0 s call$40 8,^! are ! figures :i* h be5 m5tion$2 & ! fir/ is t ( _! greate/ god ,tonacatecotle4 ,x repres5t$ ! fir/ god "u :om !y affirm 0 ! dom9ion ( ! _w2 :o1 :5 x appe>$ good to him1 brea!d & divid$ ! wat]s ( ! heav5s & ! e>?1 :i* at fir/ 7 all confus$ toge!r1 & dispos$ ( !m z !y n[ are2 & accord+ly !y call$ him ,"l ( our ,bodies2 & also ( abundance1 :o be/[$ ev]y?+ ^u !m2 & on ?is acc\nt !y pa9t him alone ) a cr[n4 ,!y call$ him besides ,sev5 ,fl[]s1 = !y say t he disposes ( ! pr9cipalities ( ! e>?4 ,he _h no temple1 nor did !y (f] sacrifices to him1 = !y say t he did n require !m1 z if on acc\nt ( 8 sup]ior maje/y4444 ,!y say t ,tonacatecotle presid$ ov] ! ?irte5 signs :i* are "h m>k$ 7! day-signs ( ! tonalamatl1 q4v474 ,^? above d5ote ! ?irte5 causes or influ5ces ( ! sky :i* are "u subjection to him1 & ! o!rs bel[ are ! ?irte5 signs ( _! sup]/ition & sorc]y4 ,?is man & woman repres5t ! fir/ pair :o exi/$ 9 ! _w2 _! names are ,huehue 7v old ones74 ,betwe5 !m is plac$ a knife or razor & an arr[ above ea* ( _! heads1 typify+ dea?1 z 9 !m dea? orig9at$40 8,!y call$ ?is god ,tonacatecotli & by ano!r "n ,citallatonalli #aga2 & !y said t he 0 ! con/ellation :i* appe>s by night 9 ! sky1 ,/4 ,james's or ! ,milky ,way4 ,!y pa9t ^! figures & all ! o!rs :i* foll[1 ea* ( !m 9 its own mann]2 because z !y consid]$ !m _! deities1 ea* _h its peculi> fe/ival4 ,x 0 necess>y to we> 9 ^! fe/ivals ! habit ( ! god40 ,! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas reg>ds ^! deities z appe>+ at ! comm5cem5t ( creation1 b says no?+ ( _! relations to ! precise creative act4 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan says ( !m3 ,& !y say t 9 ! inn] heav5 he ,quetzalcoatl d$icat$ a cult & call$ on !m3 h] ) ! />-/udd$ robe1 toge!r ) ! a/ral ,sun-god4 ! mi/ress ( our fle%1 ! "l ( our fle%1 :o is clo!d 9 *>coal1 clo!d 9 blood1 :o give? food to ! e>?2 & he cri$ al(t --z !y 7! old p7 7 in=m$-- to ! ,omeyocan1 to ! heav5 ly+ above ! n9e t are b\nd toge!r4 ,&--z !y le>nt-- ^? hav+ _! abode !re1 ^? he call$ ^u1 ^? he wor%ipp$4 7,see also *apt] on ,cosmogony = fur!r my?ical mat]ial relat+ to ^! deities47 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,9 exam9+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! deities we f9d3 7#a7 ,t !y 7 among ! olde/ ( ! ,mexican div9ities4 ,tonacatecutli is call$1 among o!r names1 8,"l ( ! ,/eppe10 #agb :i* does n necess>ily indicate t he 0 a deity ( ! ,*i*imec or hunt+ tribes1 :o f g5]ation to g5]ation raid$ ! ,mexican valley1 b may apply to 8 /ell> or heav5ly significance4 ,ref]5ce is also made 9 ! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan to ! circum/ance t he & 8 female c\nt]p>t 7 gods ( ! anci5t ,toltecs1 & t _! cult 0 f\nd$ by ,quetzalcoatl1 ! typical ,toltec prie/-k+4 7#b7 ,t ^! gods 7 reg>d$ by ! ,mexican prie/hood 9 m mod]n times at lea/1 z ab/ractions1 ideal be+s :o arose out ( philosophic speculation4 ,t !y _h become r neglect$ 9 ! popul> ,mexican fai? is cle> f ! circum/ance t !y _h no temples & t no (f]+s 7 made !m4 ,tonacatecutli repres5t$1 inde$1 t great invisible & intangible figure :i* at all times & 9 all religions has loom$ beh9d mo/ pan!ons--! great god beh9d ! gods--! pr9ciple ( causality1 t fir/ cause beyond :i* ! speculations ( !ology _c proce$4 7#c7 ,!y presid$ ov] ! food supply4 ,al?\gh o!r deities occupi$ ! positions ( maize & vegetable gods1 ! creative deities 7 9 ! ultimate ! great giv]s ( all food4 ,?us !y 7 designat$ 8,lords ( ,food ,supplies0 & 8,lords ( ,sup]abundance40 7#d7 ,!y mu/ be reg>d$ z ! direct creators ( ! _s ( man4 ,to ! ,mexican man fle% 0 m]ely maize 9 ano!r =m4 ,b ap>t f ?is conception ! pair typifi$ ! fir/ human c\ple1 & z su* !y are repres5t$ 9 all ! ,,mss4 ly+ side by side & cross-legg$ "u a blanket1 9 ! attitude ( procreation4 ,!y are1 inde$1 ! great initiators ( life1 & mu/ be compreh5d$ z s5d+ ! human s\l to occupy ! body made by human procreation1 giv+ w>m? & brea? to ! infant be=e bir?4 #agc 7#e7 ,!y comm5ce ! s]ies ( tw5ty day-signs1 & ?is alone symbolizes _! creative & orig9al nature4 7#f7 ,!y repres5t ! sign cipactli1 ! animal f :i* ! e>? 0 made4 7#g7 ,!y are gods ( ! ,omeyocan1 ! highe/ or ?irte5? heav51 :i* fact fur!r illu/rates _! supreme "*4 ,,conclusions ,f ^! facts we may be ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+3 7#a7 ,t 9 ! mo/ e>ly times ,tonacatecutli & 8 consort typifi$ ! fa!r-sky & "m-e>? respectively1 b t ?is aspect ( !m _h be5 =gott5 & !y came to h a purely ab/ract creative significance = bo? prie/s & p4 ,t ,tonacaciuatl orig9ally repres5t$ ! e>? !re is no d\bt1 & h] id5tification ) ,xo*iquetzal & ,*icomecoatl alone w\ld %[ ?is to be s4 ,aga91 ! association ) ! sign cipactli proves ! connection ( "o ( ! div9e pair ) ! e>?1 & f :at has be5 said reg>d+ ?is sign 9 ! introduction1 & by ! con/ant association ( goddesses 9 ! ,mexican m9d ) ! t]re/rial sph]e1 x is pla9 t ,tonacatecutli1 h] male c\nt]p>t1 is n likely to h repres5t$ x 9 e>ly times4 ,! sugge/ion t he symbolizes ! sky is p]haps assi/$ by ! nature ( 8 abode1 ! upp]mo/ heav51 & f 8 close id5tification ) ,citlallatonac1 ! god ( ! night heav51 :o 0 suppos$ to repres5t ! ,milky ,way4 7#b7 ,t 9 lat] times ! e>ly concepts ( ^! div9ities became fus$ almo/ into "o1 & t 9 "s measure !y _h come to be reg>d$ z &rogyn\s4 ,?is view may be trav]s$ by ! circum/ance t !y are frequ5tly repres5t$ sep>ately1 b on ! o!r h& _! names appe> z "o 9 ! =m ,tonacatecutli-,tonacaciuatl 9 _m passages4 ,! same may be posit$ ( _! c\nt]p>ts 9 ! ,qui*e ,popol ,vuh1 ,xpiyacoc & ,xmucane4 #agd ,tonacatecutli & 8 sp\se are to be reg>d$ z ! p>5ts ( ,quetzalcoatl1 b ?is is probably a !ogonic my? ( late orig91 br\ght ab\t by ! con/ant association ( ,quetzalcoatl ) ! creative gods z deities ( ! anci5t ,toltecs1 & ! frequ5t ref]5ces to him z ! f\nd] ( _! cult4 ,ixtlilxo*itl /ates 9 8 f\r? ,relacion t ,tonacatecutli & 8 wife 7 ! *ief gods ( ! ,toltecs1 :o repres5t$ !m z ! sun & ! moon1 & he goes on to say t at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> crim9als 7 sacrific$ to !m by a me?od call$ ,telimonamiquian1 8:i* is to say gr9d+ betwe5 ! /ones40 ,two great /ones1 he says1 7 balanc$ opposite ea* o!r1 & ! victim 0 cru%$ betwe5 !m z !y fell--! sla9 man ?us repres5t+ ! corn-_s1 or1 inde$1 ! corn itself 9 ! process ( be+ gr\nd4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,deities ,,( ,,! ,,e>? ,,& ,,gr[? ,,prop] ,,introductory ,s num]\s 7 ! manife/ations & v>iants ( ! ,e>?-goddess conceiv$ by ! ,nahua or adopt$ into _! pan!on1 t ?is has be5 ! cause ( consid]able misconception on ! "p ( /ud5ts ( ,mexican religion1 :o h conf\nd$ !m 9 a mann] :i* 9 ! circum/ances is sc>cely surpris+4 ,an attempt w be made "h to provide ! read] ) a li/ ( ! mo/ important ( ^! deities1 briefly & b>ely outl9+ _! v>i\s orig9s & attributes1 9 ord] t he may be ! bett] able to compreh5d :at foll[s :5 we come to discuss !m m fully4 ,*icomecoatl 7,sev5 ,s]p5ts7--! ,mexican "n ( ! ,e>?-goddess & t ( ! sev5? day ( ! sev5? week ( ! tonalamatl4 ,%e 0 probably ( ,toltec orig94 ,! ?ird int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a id5tifies h] ) ,xo*iquetzal1 &1 p]haps m correctly1 ) ,xumoco & ,tonacacigua or ,tonacaciuatl4 ,%e _h two temples d$icat$ to h]1 ! *icome iteopan & ! c9teopan1 & seems to h become a v>iant ( ,tonacaciuatl on ! adoption ( an agricultural basis ( exi/5ce4 ,tlazolteotl1 ,tlaelquani1 ,teteo innan or ,toci--an e>?-goddess ^: wor%ip _h its orig9 among ! tribes ( ! ,atlantic seabo>d1 :]e maize grew abundantly4 ,%e possess$ w>like prop5sities1 z became a goddess to :om human sacrifice 0 mu* 9 vogue1 & ! my? ( h] impregnation by ,uitzilopo*tli 0 enact$ at ! o*paniztli fe/ival 9 ,augu/1 typify+1 p]haps1 ! impregnation ( ! 8e>?-"m0 by ! 8sky-fa!r40 ,z ,ixcu9e %e repres5t$ a plurality ( goddesses4 ,sel] #age believes t ,*icomecoatl repres5ts ! "y maize e>1 & ,tlazolteotl1 ! ripe e> ( ! plant4 ,cihuacoatl 7,s]p5t ,woman7--an e>?-goddess ( ,xo*imilco & ,colhuacan4 ,coatlicue or ,coatlantonan 7,s]p5t ,skirt7--a ,mexican e>?-goddess1 "m ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,xo*iquetzal--orig9ally a m\nta9 goddess ( ! ,tlalhuica4 ,an e>?-&-maize goddess z well z a deity ( fl[]s & vegetation4 ,xilon5--orig9ally a maize-goddess ( ! ,hui*ol tribes4 ,%e repres5t$ ! "y maize-plant4 ,c9teotl 7,maize-god7--son ( ,tlazolteotl1 orig9ally a god ( ! peoples ( ! ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,he is occasionally allud$ to z a female deity1 b is always male 9 ! ,,mss4 ( ! ,borgia gr\p1 execut$ by a p ( ,nahua spee* dwell+ 9 ! s\?4 ,he is ! equival5t ( ,xo*ipilli & _h a sep>ate temple1 ! c9teopan4 ,xipe--an e>?-god ( ! ,teotitlan di/rict1 a god ( spr+ vegetation4 ,8 temples 7 call$ yopico4 ,8 great fe/ival 0 ! ,tlacaxipeuliztli1 or 8flay+ ( m540 ,only ?ree ( ^! deities1 ,tlazolteotl1 ,xipe1 & ,xo*iquetzal1 appe> z rul]s ( "o or o!r ( ! tw5ty day-signs ( ! tonalamatl4 ,b ,c9teotl figures 9 ! o*paniztli fea/ & appe>s z "o ( ! 8,lords ( ! ,night40 ,^! crit]ia are p]haps suffici5t to id5tify ^! figures z sep>ate div9ities4 ,we f9d 9 ,sahagun t ,*icomecoatl1 ,c9teotl1 & ,xipe _h sep>ate temples ( _! own4 ,9 sev]al ( ! rituals ( ! great fe/ivals1 h[ev]1 ! cults ( ,tlazolteotl1 ,*icomecoatl1 & ,c9teotl appe> to h be5 v closely int]wov51 & ?is leads me to suspect t ! wor%ip ( ! old ,toltec goddess ,*icomecoatl 0 9 process ( fusion ) t ( ! 8immigrant0 ,tlazolteotl at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/4 ,xilon51 too1 accord+ to ,sahagun1 _h a sep>ate fe/ival 9 h] hon\r1 ! uei tecuilhuitl4 ,f all ?is & f consid]ations /ill to be advanc$ we may1 p]haps1 be ju/ifi$ 9 assum+3 7#a7 ,t at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/ ! cults ( ,tlazolteotl1 ,*icomecoatl1 & ,c9teotl 7 v naturally 9 process ( becom+ amalgamat$1 ! wor%ip ( ! two goddesses1 ,mexican & ali51 pres5t+ _m features 9 common4 7#b7 ,t ,xo*iquetzal1 orig9ally ! goddess ( ! ,tlalhuica1 0 reg>d$ m prop]ly z ! goddess ( fl[]s & ( ! spr+ floresc5ce1 a hypo!sis :i* is upheld by h] my?s4 ,h] equation ) ,tonacaciuatl appe>s to h be5 a lat] concept1 due to ! connection ( bo? ) ! e>?4 7#c7 ,t ! ,hui*ol goddess ,xilon5 came to symbolize = ! ,nahua ! maize plant 9 its e>ly /ages ( gr[?1 & 9 t respect resembles ,c9teotl4 7#d7 ,t ! cult ( ! s\!rn god ,xipe1 ! gra9-deity ( a relat$ p1 _h made great headway among ! ,nahua ( ,mexico-,t5o*titlan4 7#e7 ,x foll[s f ^! conclusions t only "o ( ^! deities ( gr[?--,coatlicue--0 ( ,nahua orig91 all ! o!rs be+ gods ( ! aborig9al or settl$ peoples4 ,! ,*i*imec ,nahua1 a hunt+ p1 possess+ no (ficial gra9-goddess ( _! own1 w\ld naturally come to wor%ip ^! on _! adoption ( an agricultural mode ( life4 ,z mo/ ( ^! =ms hail$ f di/ricts ( consid]able cultural antiquity1 ,i believe _! wor%ip to h be5 ( long duration 9 ! l&1 n mu* less anci5t1 inde$1 ?an ! cult ( ,tlaloc4 ,x is n claim$ = ^! conclusions t !y are m ?an approximate4 ,! data relative to ^! deities is mu* too complex to p]mit ( any m precise or dogmatic treatm5t1 9 fact at "o "t or ano!r !re 0 id5tification betwe5 !m all2 b ) ! above attempt at simplification 9 view we %all n[ endeav\r to pres5t ! read] ) a detail$ acc\nt ( ea* ( ^! & o!r less important div9ities :o 7 reg>d$ z 9 any way connect$ ) ! p]sonification ( ! e>? or ! gr[? ( ! crops1 _! fe/ivals & ritual4 ,! e>?-deities seem to h be5 prophetic & div9atory & to h be5 connect$ ) m$ic9e1 l simil> ,european & ,asiatic goddesses4 ,"s ( !m1 l ,itzpapalotl1 %>e ! butt]fly symbol ) ! gods ( fire1 ) :om !y are frequ5tly connect$4 ,!y are also closely associat$ ) ! de]1 a f]tility animal1 & ! eagle1 ! sun-bird1 & _! victims 71 l ^? ( ! sun & w> deities1 deck$ ) eagle-d[n4 ,,tlazolteotl 8,,goddess ,,( ,,dirt0 ,t]ritory3 ,huaxtec1 ,mixtec1 ,olmec4 ,m9or ,names3 ,tlaelquani 8,fil?-eat]40 ,*icunaui acatl 8,n9e ,re$40 ,teteo ,innan 8,"m ( ! ,gods40 ,*iquac5 acatl 8,six ,re$40 ,toci 8,our ,gr&mo!r40 ,naui tecpatl 8,f\r ,fl9t ,knife40 ,cocauic ,xo*itla 8,yell[ ,bloom40 ,tlalli iyallo 8,he>t ( ! ,e>?40 ,iztac ,xo*itla 8,:ite ,bloom40 ,ixcu9e 8,f\r ,faces40 ,tonana ,teume*aue 8,our "m1 ! goddess ( ! ?igh-sk9 face-pa9t+40 ,cal5d> ,places3 ,rul] ( ! f\rte5? day1 ocelotl1 ( ! ?irte5? week1 ce ol94 ,sev5? ( ! n9e lords ( ! night4 ,compass ,direction3 ,we/4 ,fe/ivals3 ,o*paniztli 78,fea/ ( ,brooms07 9 ! elev5? mon?4 ,symbols3 ,a man eat+ excrem5t 78,dirt-eat]072 a broom4 ,relation%ips3 ,"m ( ,c5teotl2 "o ( ! ,tzitzimim4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #gd3 ,"h ,tlazolteotl is depict$ z nak$1 & accompani$ by a snake4 ,a pat* ( rubb] appe>s ne> ! m\?1 & h] head is b\nd by a fillet ( unspun cotton4 ,beh9d ! neck a fea!r ornam5t is se51 made ( ! blue plumage ( ! quail1 & %e also we>s ! gold5 nasal ,huaxtec ornam5t usually se5 9 connection ) ! octli-gods4 ,9 ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,b h] nak$ body is pa9t$ :ite1 ) yell[ longitud9al /ripes1 & %e has ! bifurcat$ nose-ornam5t ( ,xipe4 ,significantly1 p]haps1 ! %ape ( h] eye recalls t ( ! god ( flay+1 ^: eye is usually a m]e slit 9 ! flay$ human sk9 :i* he we>s1 & ?r\gh ! mask ( :i* he is suppos$ to be look+4 ,%e we>s ! cotton fillet & e>-plug typical ( h]4 ,sahagun ,,ms4--,9 ?is place %e has a disk ( liquid rubb] on ! face1 ) :i* sub/ance h] m\? is also pa9t$1 an elaborate cotton headdress1 cr[n$ ) fea!rs1 a tunic ( sac %ape ) a fr+e divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 a skirt ) b&s jo9$ by diagonal l9es1 & %e holds 9 h] "r h& ! broom symbolic ( h] fea/1 & 9 h] left a %ield decorat$ ) f\r conc5tric circles4 ,g5]al4--,9 ! tonalamatl ( ! ,aub9-,g\pil collection1 :]ev] %e is depict$ z sev5? ( ! n9e lords ( ! night1 h] face is :ite1 its upp] portion be+ surr\nd$ by a yell[ b&4 ,9 ! ,codex ,borbonicus %e is occasionally pa9t$ all yell[ or all :ite1 & ?is yell[ col\r symbolizes t ( ! ripe maize e>4 ,9 ! song ab\t h] giv5 by ,sahagun1 we obs]ve t %e is allud$ to z 8! yell[ blossom0 & ! 8:ite blossom10 o!rwise ! yell[ or :ite maize--! maize at diff]5t /ages ( its gr[?4 ,ano!r ( h] di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics1 z has be5 rem>k$1 is ! black col\r+ 9 ! region ( ! m\?1 :i* frequ5tly ext5ds to & includes ! tip ( ! nose & *9 &1 z ,sahagun /ates1 ?is 0 effect$ ) liquid rubb]1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,fire-god4 ,! small pat* or circle on h] *eek is also comm5t$ ^u by ,sahagun1 :o says1 8a hole has %e plac$ on h] *eek0--! 8hole0 be+ probably a disk ( rubb] ) a p]=at$ c5tre4 ,z an alt]native to ?is we f9d 9 ,codex ,borgia two broad horizontal l9es & 9 ,codex ,borbonicus sev]al %ort1 v]tical black l9es bel[ ! eye1 & x w\ld seem t ! conc5tric circle on ! %ield ( ! goddess 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 has ! same mean+--t is1 x is probably a symbol ( sex4 #agf ,9 "s repres5tations h] skirt is cov]$ ) cresc5t-%ap$ objects p]haps typical ( h] symbol--excrem5t4 ,:5 ,tlazolteotl appe>s z rul] ( ! ?irte5? week %e (t5 lacks ! ripe-maize col\r ) :i* %e is repres5t$ else:]e4 ,?us 9 ,tell]iano-,rem5sis %e is pa9t$ ab\t ! m\? ) liquid rubb]1 & 9 ,borbonicus h] face-pa9t is 9 two col\rs4 ,a black /roke is se5 desc5d+ f br[ to nose1 b %e has ! yell[ sk9-col\r4 ,9 bo? cases %e is1 l ,xipe1 clo!d 9 ! sk9 ( a victim4 ,9 ,tell]iano-,rem5sis & ! ,aub9 tonalamatl h] arms & legs are p[d]$ ) :ite *alk & small fea!rs are affix$ to !m1 probably ) ulli gum4 ,9 ,tell]iano-,rem5sis ^! cov] "p ( h] co/ume z well4 ,9 ?is codex1 too1 h] ,huaxtec nose-ornam5t is replac$ by "o hav+ a /epp$ motif1 or a butt]fly =m$ ( ! spott$ fea!rs ( ! quail4 ,! cotton fillet ( ! goddess is wor?y ( fur!r rem>k4 ,x is made f ! unspun produce ( ! plant1 cov]s ! top ( ! head & rea*es ! %\ld]s on ei!r side ( ! face4 ,sp9dles are /uck into ! mass1 :i* is m>k$ ^u its surface ) acute-angl$ figures or gr\ps ( p>allel l9es on a :ite gr\nd1 :i* may be reg>d$ z hi]oglyphic ( raw cotton4 ,9 c]ta9 ( ! ,,mss41 = example 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl & 9 ,tell]iano-,rem5sis1 ,tlazolteotl we>s a fea!r coronal1 :i* 9 o!r codices takes ! %ape ( a fan or nape-r+ l t frequ5tly worn by ,quetzalcoatl4 ,occasionally1 too1 x rises f a rubb] ball :i* re/s ^u ! head4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #fh7 ! fea!rs are d>k 9 col\r1 b are bright5$ by ! r$ plumes :i* spr+ f !m 9 turn4 ,else:]e we f9d :ite1 br[n1 or yell[ fea!rs1 ! latt] prep>$ artificially f palm-leaves1 :i*1 l ! fan-%ap$ ornam5t itself1 are ,huaxtec 9 "*4 ,9 ! picture 9 ,borbonicus ( ,tlazolteotl z rul] ( ! week ce ol9 7"o re$7 we see ! conical ,huaxtec hat1 z worn by ,quetzalcoatl1 peep+ above h] cotton headdress1 & ! palm-leaf plume ris+ f a fea!r fan1 :i* spr+s f a ball ( rubb]4 ,9 ,tell]iano-,rem5sis ,tlazolteotl is se5 we>+ a /r+ ( snail-%ells dep5d+ f ! wai/4 ,?is is kn[n z citallicue1 or 8/>-skirt10 ano!r ,huaxtec article ( dress4 ,9 none ( ! repres5tations allud$ to 0 ,tlazolteotl pictur$ ) ! broom *>act]i/ic ( h] & ( h] fea/-day1 o*panitztli 78:5 !y sweep ! ways074 ,?is 0 made f h>d1 /iff1 po9t$ grass1 :i* 0 cut ) sickles 9 ! m\nta9-=e/s ( ,popocatepetl4 #agg ,x 0 b\nd ) a col\r$ lea!r /rap1 & ! pap] :i* held x toge!r 0 fleck$ ) ! ,v-%ap$ cotton symbol4 ,,my?s ,tlazolteotl is describ$ 9 ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis z 8! woman :o s9n$ be=e ! deluge1 :o 0 ! cause ( all evil1 ( all deceit02 b ?is w\ld appe> to be an error = ,ixnextli or ,xo*iquetzal 7q4v474 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan says ( h]3 8,9 ! same ye> 7#h ,rabbit7 came ! s-call$ ,ixcu9ame female demons to ,tollan &1 z !y say f ! reports ( ! old p1 !y came f ,huaxteca4 ,& 9 ! place ,cuextecatl i*ocayan 78,:]e ! ,huaxtecs weep07 !y summon$ ^! captives :om !y _h tak5 9 ,huaxteca & expla9$ to !m :at 0 ab\t to be done1 say+--#8,we g n[ to ,tollan4 ,we wi% to c\ple ! e>? ) y1 we desire to hold a fea/ ) y1 = till n[ no battle (f]+s h be5 made ) m54 ,we wi% to make a beg9n+ ( x & %oot y to dea? ) arr[s4'0 ,,sacrifice ,,by ,,%oot+ ,,) ,,arr[s ,?is indicates t ! goddess1 "o ( ! ,ixcu9ame1 0 reg>d$ z ! inv5tress ( t especial mode ( sacrifice by :i* ! victim 0 ti$ to a framework & %ot to dea? ) arr[s4 ,we h no classical /atem5t t su* a proce$+ took place at h] fe/ival1 h[ev]1 b x is kn[n t x =m$ "p ( ! ritual at ! fe/ival ( ,xipe 7q4v474 ,! expression1 8,we wi% to c\ple ! e>? ) y10 :5 tak5 along ) ! /raddl+ attitude ( ! victim on 8 frame1 has giv5 rise to ! assumption #agh t su* a sacrifice 0 int5d$ to symbolize a sexual connection betwe5 ! victim & ! e>? or e>?-"m4 ,x appe>s to me z m probable t its int5tion 0 to draw d[n ra9 by sympa!tic magic1 ! dropp+ blood f ! arr[ w\nds symboliz+ ! ra91 & ! te> :i* ! victim %$s 9 ! repres5tation ( ?is sacrifice 9 ! ,codex ,nuttall & ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis1 comb9$ ) ! fact t su* sacrifices are suppos$ to h be5 made 9 ye>s ( dr\ght1 /r5g!ns my belief 9 ! s\ndness ( ?is !ory4 ,ixcu9e means 8f\r-fac$10 & may apply to ! circum/ance t anci5t idols ( ,tlazolteotl 71 l ^? ( ,janus1 provid$ ) m ?an "o face1 s t !y might look ^u e direction :5ce ! ra9 might come4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 ! ,ixcu9ame 7 reg>d$ z a f\rfold manife/ation ( ,tlazolteotl & z p]sonify+ f\r si/]s ( diff]5t age1 ,tiacapan1 ,teicu1 ,tlaco & ,xocoyotz91 :o 8repres5t$ ! c>nal passions40 #agi ,,hymn ,a song 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 relat+ to ,tlazolteotl is z foll[s3 8,! yell[ blossom has fl[]$4 ,%e1 our "m1 ) ! ?igh-sk9 ( ! goddess pa9t$ ^u h] face1 came out ( ,tamoan*an4 ,! :ite blossom has bur/ op51 %e our "m10 etc4 #ahj ,?is ( c\rse symbolizes ! yell[ & :ite maize4 ,! ?igh-sk9 ( ! goddess 8is ! mask cut f ! ?igh ( ! sacrific$ girl & worn by ! prie/0 7see 8,fe/ivals10 infra74 ,! /atem5t t ,tlazolteotl came out ( ,tamoan*an is important1 = ano!r song 9 ! same s]ies tells u t 9 t p>adise 0 born h] son ,c9teotl1 ! ,maize-god 7q4v474 ,,fe/ivals ,o*paniztli4--,?is1 ! great fe/ival ( ,tlazolteotl1 0 held 9 ! op5+ ( ! elev5? ,aztec mon?1 comm5c+1 says ,sahagun1 #aha ab\t ,septemb] #ad?4 ,fifte5 days be=e ! fe/ival began1 ^? :o 7 to celebrate x danc$ ! sacr$ dances1 :i* !y cont9u$ = eight days4 ,9 complete sil5ce !y rang$ !mselves 9 f\r l9es1 & danc$ ) _! h&s full ( fl[]s1 keep+ "t mo/ precisely4 ,at ! end ( eight days ^? wom5 :o practis$ m$ic9e1 ! mid wives1 lee*-wom51 & /eam-ba? keep]s probably1 divid$ !mselves into two companies & pres5t$ !mselves be=e a female victim :o repres5t$ ! goddess & :o 0 de/9$ = sacrifice4 ,_! object 01 says ,sahagun1 to amuse h] & to keep h] f pond]+ ^u h] fate4 ,! victim h]self1 accompani$ by ?ree old wom5 call$ h] 8mo!rs10 head$ "o ( ^! p>ties1 :o pelt$ ea* o!r ) ! r$ leaves ( ! cactus fl[]4 ,9 ! :ole p]=mance we c see "s su* concept z survives 9 a mann] 9 ! mod]n 8battle ( fl[]s10 :i* 9 c]ta9 t[ns 9 ,s\!rn ,france u%]s 9 ! season ( ,l5t4 ,! victim 0 !n l$ back to ! place ( det5tion1 & ! c]emony 0 repeat$ = sev]al days 9 succession4 ,!n ! 8mo!rs0 :o gu>d$ h] l$ h] ?r\gh ! public m>ket-place = ! la/ "t1 on :i* occasion %e s[$ maize on e side1 & on t day %e 0 tak5 to a place ne> ! teocalli #ahb :]e %e 0 to be sacrific$4 ,z x 0 ( importance t %e %\ld n m\rn1 %e 0 in=m$ t %e 0 to become ! bride ( ! k+1 & = ?is imag9>y hon\r %e 0 adorn$ ) ! full insignia ( ! goddess ,tlazolteotl4 ,:5 midnight _h arriv$1 9 a dead & unbrok5 sil5ce1 %e 0 l$ to ! summit ( ! l(ty teocalli1 :]e %e 0 plac$ on ! %\ld]s ( a man1 z 0 ! cu/om ) brides ab\t to be borne to ! h\ses ( _! lords1 & ere %e c\ld be well aw>e :at 0 ab\t to happ51 %e 0 decapitat$ & imm$iately flay$4 ,fir/ ( all pieces ( sk9 7 remov$ f ! broad portion ( ! ?igh & c>ri$ to ! temple ( ,c9teotl1 ! son ( ,tlazolteotl4 ,! sk9 ( ! upp] "p ( ! body =m$ a jacket1 :i* a prie/ ( ,tlazolteotl1 *os5 = 8 /r5g? & vig\r1 drew ov] 8 own body4 ,accompani$ by two m5 v[$ to 8 assi/ance1 z well z by o!r prie/s1 dress$ to repres5t ! goddess's ,huaxtec s]vants1 all ( :om c>ri$ blood-spr9kl$ brooms :i* !y br&i%$ 9 a combative mann]1 he pursu$ a numb] ( nobles & w>riors1 :o /ruck _! %ields & made a ?reat5+ display4 ,! prie/ :o p]sonifi$ ! goddess ru%$ ^u ^! ) simulat$ fury1 b !y fl$ be=e him1 refus+ him battle4 ,?is "p ( ! proce$+s symboliz$ ! w>like nature ( ! goddess1 & ! milit>y significance ( h] cult4 ,z has be5 expla9$1 ! p ( ,mexico believ$ t only by ! cont9u$ (f]+ up ( human sacrifice & blood c\ld an adequate ra9fall1 & !re=e abundant h>ve/s1 be procur$1 & ?is naturally presum$ ! upkeep ( a consid]able /&+ army & _m milit>y guilds or bro!rhoods d$icat$ to ! task ( secur+ a l>ge supply ( sacrificial victims4 ,! w>like "* ( ! ,e>?-goddess 0 assum$ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,?is *ase cont9u$ until ! prie/ :o p]sonat$ ,tlazolteotl came to ! teocalli ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 ! ,w>-god4 ,"h he lay d[n & /ret*$ himself out 9 ! female po/ure = sexual int]c\rse4 ,says ! ,aztec text ( ,sahagun3 8,!n %e broad5s h]self t is ! prie/ p]sonat+ ! goddess1 exp&s1 /ret*es arms & legs out at ! feet ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 h] face turn$ t[>ds him40 ,?is c]emony und\bt$ly _h ref]5ce to a suppos$ impregnation ( ! goddess by ! god ,uitzilopo*tli1 & t ! my? relat+ to x 0 enact$ is %[n by ! symbolic pres5ce ( h] son1 ,c9teotl1 or a prie/ dress$ to repres5t t god1 :o _h plac$ ov] 8 face a mask made f ! sk9 ( ! ?ighs ( ! flay$ woman :i* _h be5 s5t to 8 temple1 & :o 0 n[ reg>d$ z ! son conceiv$4 #ahc ,9 addition to ! sk9-mask1 ! ,c9teotl prie/ wore a hat or cap1 also made ( ! sk9 ( ! sacrific$ victim1 :i* _h a v&yk$ edg+ ( ! cr[n1 or a cre/ l ! comb ( a cock1 symbolic ( ! /one knife ( sacrifice4 ,toge!r1 ! prie/s ( ,tlazolteotl & ,c9teotl n[ proce$$ to ! temple ( ! =m]1 :]e !y await$ ! morn+4 ,at dawn ! *ief m5 ( ! community1 :o _h be5 wait+ ne> ! teocalli1 ran up ! /eps ( ! temple be>+ (f]+s4 ,! prie/ ( ! goddess 0 !n decorat$ ) h] insignia 9 addition to ! dreadful trophy he wore4 ,8 head & feet 7 cov]$ ) ! :ite d[n f ! eagle's brea/1 ! p>ticul> ornam5t ( ! w>rior :o _h captur$ a victim 9 battle4 ,8 face 0 pa9t$ r$1 ! col\r ( ! ripe maize1 he 0 clo!d 9 a %ort tunic :i* _h wov5 ^u x ! semblance ( an eagle1 & he 0 equipp$ ) o!r g>m5ts = ! l[] "p ( ! body4 ,/ill ri*] & m elaborate ve/m5ts 7 !n plac$ on him by ! prie/s1 aft] :i* he w5t to select ! captives :o mu/ die4 ,he *ose f\r ( ^!1 & plac+ !m ^u ! /one ( sacrifice1 dispat*$ !m by tak+ out _! he>ts1 h&+ ov] ! o!rs to ! prie/s to deal ) simil>ly4 ,?is done1 he accompani$ ! ,c9teotl prie/ to 8 temple1 ! ,huaxtec s]vants m>*+ be=e !m1 we>+ :at w\ld seem to be huge artificial phalluses & tassels ( untwi/$ cotton1 to symbolize ! virile /r5g? & ri*ness ( ! e>?4 #ahd ,!y 7 also accompani$ by ! m$ical wom54 ,com+ to ! temple ( ,c9teotl1 ! prie/ ( ,tlazolteotl plac$ "o foot ^u ! drum !re1 & await$ ! prie/ ( ,c9teotl1 :o lat] set out alone 9 a ha/y mann]1 & accompani$ by a l>ge body ( w>riors1 to a po9t on ! fronti]s ( ,mexico :]e a small hut /ood1 & at ?is place he left ! mask & cap :i* he _h worn1 made f ! ?ighs ( ! sacrific$ woman4 ,n infrequ5tly ! p>ty 7 attack$ or ambu%$ & fight+ ensu$4 ,i c =m no op9ion reg>d+ ! significance ( ?is proc$ure4 ,0 ! sk9 left on ! fronti] z a gage ( w>1 z w\ld appe> to be its mo/ obvi\s int]pretation1 or did x possess a deep] & m symbolical mean+8 ,if x did1 ,i am at a loss to supply ! elucidation4 ,i feel t ?is is "o ( ^? acts s (t5 enc\nt]$ 9 primitive religion1 :5 ! temptation is to look = a pr(\nd mean+ :]e1 p]haps1 none exi/s4 ,! prie/ ( ,tlazolteotl1 on ! dep>ture ( 8 colleague1 proce$$ to ! temple call$ ,atempan1 or 8,place ( ,dea?10 a fav\rite mu/]-place = *ildr5 & lepr\s p]sons ab\t to be sacrific$1 :i* 0 situat$ 9 ! prec9cts ( ! great temple ( ,mexico4 ,"h ! k+ took 8 seat on a ?rone1 8 foot/ool be+ a ne/ made ( eagles' sk9 & fea!rs1 :il/ an ocelot-sk9 0 ca/ ov] ! back ( ! seat1 ^! articles symboliz+ ! 8knigh?oods0 ( ! eagle & ocelot respectively4 ,a milit>y review foll[$1 & ! mon>* di/ribut$ raim5t1 arms1 & insignia to ! des]v+1 :o1 ?us di/+ui%$1 7 expect$ to s comport !mselves 9 w> t !y might ev5tually die ! w>rior's dea?1 ! only fitt+ end = a ,mexican brave4 ,! recipi5ts !n repair$ to ! temple ( ,tlazolteotl1 :]e danc+ 0 engag$ 94 ,! sc5e 0 picturesque & ev5 magnific5t1 = all ! danc]s held fl[]s 9 ea* h& & wore ! dazzl+ insignia ( _! v>i\s ranks & ord]s4 ,?is spectacle cont9u$ = two days1 & on ! ev5+ ( ! second day ! prie/s ( ! goddess ,*icomecoatl 7q4v471 clo!d 9 ! sk9s ( captives sla9 at ! fe/ival ( t goddess1 asc5d$ a little teocalli kn[n z ! 8,table ( ,uitzilopo*tli10 & ?rew broadca/ maize & calaba% se$s ^u ! heads ( ! multitude bel[1 :o scrambl$ = ! gra94 ,! "y wom5 9 ! s]vice ( ,*icomecoatl n[ advanc$1 ea* be>+ ^u h] %\ld] sev5 e>s ( maize1 roll$ 9 a ri* mantle1 & wrapp$ 9 :ite pap]1 aft] be+ spr9kl$ ) ulli gum4 ,! high-prie/ ( ! goddess l$ ! *ant1 aft] :i* he desc5d$ f ! teocalli & plac$ 9 a little cavity betwe5 ! temple /airs & ! temple itself a l>ge basket fill$ ) p[d]$ *alk & fea!r-d[n4 ,! w>riors at once ru%$ ^u x & scrambl$ = ! cont5ts1 :i* 71 ( c\rse1 symbolical ( ! goddess's 8make-up40 ,!y 7 *as$ by ! prie/s1 :om !y pelt$ ) ! *alk & fea!rs1 ev5 ! k+ tak+ "p 9 ! sport4 ,! prie/ !n betook himself to ! temple ( ! goddess1 call$ ,toctitlan 78,! ,place ( our ,gr&mo!r071 :]e he saw ! sk9 ( ! sacrific$ woman prop]ly dispos$4 ,?us end$ ! c]emonies ( ! o*paniztli1 "o ( ! mo/ picturesque & involv$1 yet gruesome1 ( ! fe/ivals ( anci5t ,mexico4 ,,ritual ,tlazolteotl1 z we %all f9d :5 we attempt our elucidation ( h] *>act]i/ics1 0 reg>d$ z ! goddess ( sexual indulg5ce1 a n inappropriate rle = ! wild1 wanton1 & riot\s goddess ( e>?1 s prodigal 9 h] br++ =? & 7naturally 9 ! eyes ( a primitive p7 s b\ntiful 9 h] fav\rs1 = to ! b>b>ian m9d productiv5ess is ! outcome ( lu/fulness4 ,by an easy transition1 !n1 %e became ! goddess ( sexual immorality1 ! patron ( pro/itutes1 & ! ar*etype ( female wantonness4 ,b1 r /rangely1 al?\gh %e presid$ ov] salaci\s vice1 %e alone c\ld p>don x1 & once 9 a lifetime ! ,mexican adult]] or lib]t9e might approa* h] to obta9 by a full confession remission ( 8 s9s4 ,?is he g5]ally did late 9 life1 = absolution c\ld n be obta9$ on a subsequ5t occasion4 ,! ritual associat$ ) 8 cleans+ 0 a prolong$ & involv$ "o1 & is describ$ by ,sahagun 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( 8 fir/ book4 ,!re is no reason to believe t ! acc\nt ( ! ritual z furni%$ by ,sahagun is o!rwise ?an g5u9e1 & he rem>ks ^u ! facility ) :i* ! native ,mexicans embrac$ ! ,ca?olic confession z a pro( t ! rite 0 n unkn[n to !m4 ,,temple ,we "k f ! descriptions ( ! o*paniztli fe/ivals 9 ! ,sahagun ,aztec ,,ms41 & ! illu/rations accompany+ !m1 t ! temple ( ,tlazolteotl1 ! ,toctitlan1 0 a scaffold+ ( poles on :i* 0 set a repres5tation ( ! goddess4 ,,prie/hood ,t ,tlazolteotl possess$ a prie/hood ( h] own is obvi\s f ! repeat$ m5tion ( ! adolesc5t y\?s kn[n z ,cuecue/eca 78,h] ,huaxtecs071 :o figur$ 9 ! fe/ival ( o*paniztli4 ,b t ^! 7 only prie/s ad hoc1 or employ$ tempor>ily = t celebration1 is likely1 z ,sahagun /ates 7,app5dix to bk4 ii7 t ! ,atempan teohuatz91 or ! ,*ief ( ,rites connect$ ) ! ,atempan1 _h ! task ( assembl+ !m1 z well z *>ge ( ! insignia us$ at ! fe/ival4 ,tlazolteotl's prie/s1 accord+ to ,sahagun 7bk4 i1 c4 xii71 7 8! augurs :o possess$ ! books ) ! progno/ications & ! de/9ies ( ! new-born & ! spells & ! om5s & ! traditions ( ! anci5ts1 z !y 7 h&$ d[n & came unto !m40 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,tlazolteotl has be5 completely id5tifi$ ) ! ,teteo innan or ,toci ( ,sahagun & o!r writ]s1 b ?\gh %e rank$ z ! ,e>?-"m ( ,mexico p> excell5ce1 !re is no room = d\bt t h] wor%ip 0 orig9ally ali51 & assur$ly ( ,huaxtec orig94 ,! ,huaxtecs 7 a p ( ,maya orig9 or aff9ities1 isolat$ f ! ma9 body ( t race1 dwell+ on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,mexico1 & reta9+ _m ( _! peculi> cu/oms2 & x is notewor?y t a ,huaxtecan goddess %\ld be allud$ to 9 ,mexican tradition z com+ to ,tollan1 ! city ( ! ,toltecs1 ! p :om s _m writ]s h tri$ to id5tify ) ! ,maya4 ,z has be5 obs]v$1 %e 0 accompani$ at ! o*paniztli fe/ival by a b& ( y\?s dress$ to repres5t ,huaxtecs1 :o 9 ! ,codex ,borbonicus picture ( ! fe/ival are %[n z we>+ ! cone-%ap$ ,huaxtec cap4 ,%e h]self we>s ! ,huaxtec nose-ornam5t 9 common ) ! octli-gods4 ,%e is repeat$ly /at$ to h _h h] 8home0 9 ,cuextlan1 ! ,huaxtec c\ntry1 & !re are good gr\nds = suppos+ t its inhabitants1 ( ^: religion we "k little1 _h br\ght ! cult ( ! ,e>?-"m to su* a pit* ( complex p]fection z r5d]$ its absorption ( ! alli$ ,mexican cults m]ely a matt] ( "t & occasion4 ,t %e 0 orig9ally a p]sonification ( ! maize is also cle>4 ,9 h] songs %e is allud$ to z 8! yell[ bloom0 & 8! :ite bloom10 & ! ref]5ces to h] dwell+ 9 ,tamoan*an1 ! we/]n p>adise :]e ! maize 0 suppos$ to h _h its my?ical orig91 & :]e %e gave bir? to ,c9teotl1 ! "y maize-god1 proves h] association ) ?is food-plant4 ,b %e 0 also ! ,e>?1 ! insatiable1 lu/ful "m1 :o gives bir? to ,c9teotl ! "y maize-god1 :o is also ! obsidian knife ( sacrifice1 = ! ,e>? is ! "m ( /one4 ,z ,s91 %e 0 also ! "m ( dea?1 = ,c9teotl 9 ?is guise 0 und\bt$ly a god ( fatality or doom4 ,l _m o!r deities ( ! e>? %e may h _h an almo/ plutonic significance1 = %e is call$ ,tlalli ,iyallo1 8,he>t ( ! ,e>?40 ,b ,i ?9k t ,sel] 7,fejrvry-,may]1 p4 #ade7 has mi/ak5 ! true significance ( ?is expression 9 apply+ to x ! mean+ 8int]ior ( ! e>?40 ,! ^w 8he>t0 9 ! ,nahua tongue does n necess>ily mean 8int]ior40 ,true1 ,tepeyollotl1 ! ,e>?quake-god1 possess$ a simil> designation1 b on ! o!r h& ! ,qui*e ,popol ,vuh alludes to ! god ,hurakan z 8,! ,he>t ( ,heav510 & ,i take ! expression to mean 9 g5]al 8s\l1 _s10 r ?an 8int]ior40 ,b1 aga91 deities ( gra9 h v frequ5tly a subt]ranean association1 &1 accord+ to ,duran's description ( ! fea/ ( ! goddess1 we f9d t %e 0 suppos$ to make h] com+ kn[n by an e>?quake %ock1 & %e is rul] ( ! ?irte5? week1 ce ol91 :i* "s au?orities translate z 8e>?quake0 or 8e>?-motion40 ,all ?is not)/&+1 9 lat] times x 0 z ! goddess ( s5suality & lu/fulness t ,tlazolteotl made h] /ronge/ appeal to ! ,mexican imag9ation4 ,we h already se5 h[ ?is transition took place & h[ ?is attribute _h its inception4 ,9 _m climes ! figure ( ! fruitful & abundant ,e>?-goddess has its be/ial1 revolt+1 & highly salaci\s side1 & ! ,mexican e>?-deity 0 no exception to ! almo/ g5]al rule4 ,9 sev]al pictures h] symbol is %[n z a man dev\r+ excrem5t 7s974 ,%e 0 ! patroness ( pro/itutes1 & by a transition1 ! e?ical "* ( :i* seems to me obscure1 %e f9ally became ! great p>don] ( sexual misde$s4 ,probably because !y =feit$ _! lives 9 ! act ( br++ =?1 %e came to be reg>d$ z ! *iefta9ess ( ^? wom5 :o1 dy+ 9 *ildb$1 w5t to inhabit ! ,ciutlampa1 ! h\se ( ! wom5 9 ! we/4 ,^! female spirits 7 reg>d$ by ! ,mexicans z ! equal ( w>riors :o _h di$ h]oically 9 battle1 & issu$ daily f _! p>adise to accompany ! sun 9 8 aft]noon c\rse4 ,x is typical ( ^! ,ciuatete1 or deifi$ wom51 t 9 _! jeal\sy ( liv+ p & _! (fspr+1 !y ex]t$ a noxi\s influ5ce ^u mortals1 especially ^u *ildr51 at c]ta9 seasons1 & z ! int]pret] ( ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis /ates1 !y are id5tifi$ ) ,european wit*es1 fly+ ?r\gh ! air & meet+ at cross-roads4 ,n[ ! broom is ! symbol ( ! ,european wit*1 z x is ( ,tlazolteotl1 & 9 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may] 7%eet #ag7 we h a picture ( ,tlazolteotl z repres5tative ( ! ,ciuatete1 nak$ & rid+ ^u a broom/ick4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #ab7 & ,codex ,vaticanus ,b 7%eet #cj7 beside h] is figur$ a h\se ) an owl /&+ at ! door1 :ile 9 front hangs a /r+ ( dri$ m$ic9al h]bs1 ! :ole repres5t+ ! dwell+ ( a sorc]ess or m$ic9e-wit*1 = ,tlazolteotl 0 also patroness ( ! m$ical wom51 :o danc$ at h] fe/ival1 & ,sahagun 7bk4 i1 c4 viii7 expressly /ates t %e 0 v5]at$ by ! 8physicians10 t is1 ! m$ic9e-m5 & wiz>ds4 ,probably by reason ( h] fecundity ,tlazolteotl 0 also reg>d$ z a div9ity :o presid$ ov] human bir?4 ,%e is frequ5tly portray$ z ! great p>turi5t & repres5ts ! womb #ahe 7,vaticanus ,b1 %eet #ea74 ,b %e does n brea! ! _s into ! newly-born *ild or transport x f ! upp] regions z does ,quetzalcoatl1 h] (fice be+ ! l[] "o ( presid+ ov] ! *ild-b$1 a task :i* %e %>es ) o!r ,mexican deities ( vegetation & production4 ,l o!r goddesses :o preside ov] bir? %e may also h a lun> connection4 ,x is probable t ! ,huaxtec nose-ornam5t :i* %e we>s 9 common ) ! octli-gods is a lun> symbol4 #ahf ,9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #ee7 %e is repres5t$ z /&+ opposite ! moon1 b ?is may only indicate h] connection ) night & wit*craft4 ,i am ( op9ion1 h[ev]1 t ,sel]'s assumption t %e is a moon-goddess is n altoge!r capable ( pro(4 ,on ! o!r h&1 goddesses ( vegetation & *ildbir? are frequ5tly associat$ ) ! moon1 & 8 !ory may be p]fectly s\nd4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 t 9 8 m rec5t works1 j z ! sol> s*ool ( my?ologi/s 0 accus$ ( 8see+ sun-gods ev]y:]e10 ,sel] has und\bt$ly appli$ a lun> significance to sev]al deities ^: *>act]i/ics he =m]ly elucidat$ 9 totally diff]5t fa%ion4 ,! w>like nature ( ,tlazolteotl has already be5 dwelt ^u & its reason demon/rat$ 9 ! section deal+ ) ! o*paniztli fe/ival4 ,,*icomecoatl 8,,sev5 ,,snake0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico4 ,m9or ,"n3 ,*icomolotl 8,sev5 ,maize-e>s40 ,relation%ip3 ,si/] ( ,tlaloc4 ,symbol3 ,! d\ble maize-e> 7commaitl74 ,fe/ivals3 ,uei tozoztli1 ! f\r? mon?2 o*paniztli1 ! elev5? mon?4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,sev5? day ( ! sev5? week2 ! day *icomecoatl4 7,sahagun /ates t all days conta9+ a sev5 9 _! "n 7 reg>d$ z auspici\s on h] acc\nt47 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,aub9-,g\pil ,tonalamatl4--,%eet #g3 ,! goddess is depict$ z hav+ a r$ body & facial pa9t+1 & we>s v>iegat$ raim5t 9 :i* r$ is ! prepond]at+ col\r4 ,on h] head is a l>ge squ>e headdress1 also r$ 9 col\r & decorat$ ) rosettes at ! f\r corn]s--su* a headdress1 inde$1 z ,tlazolteotl we>s at ! o*paniztli fe/ival4 ,%e holds 9 h] h& ! d\ble maize-e>1 :i* may be reg>d$ z h] peculi> & di/9ctive emblem4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,9 ?is codex %e is se5 we>+ r$ pa9t & ! r$ g>m5t1 hold+ ! d\ble maize-e>1 & c>ry+ o!r maize-e>s 9 a receptacle on h] back4 ,sel] ?9ks t h] r$ col\r is t ( ! granul> bun* ( ! "y maize-e> :i* %e repres5ts1 & t ,tlazolteotl or ,teteo9nan1 :o is pa9t$ yell[ & :ite1 repres5ts ! ripe maize-e>4 ,sahagun ,,ms4--,! ,sahagun ,,ms4 /ates t ,*icomecoatl's face is col\r$ r$ & t %e we>s a pap] cr[n on h] head & a coll> ( gre5 preci\s /ones r\nd h] neck4 ,%e has an ov]dress & skirt ( spr+ fl[]s & we>s bells & %ells on h] feet4 ,h] %ield has ! emblem ( ! summ] fl[] pa9t$ ^u its surface1 & %e c>ries ! d\ble maize-e> 9 h] h&4 ,,my?s ,! hymn to ,*icomecoatl z giv5 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 is z foll[s3 ,goddess ( ! sev5 e>s1 arise1 awake6 ,=1 our "m1 ?\ leave/ u4 ,?\ returne/ to ,tlalocan4 ,arise1 awake6 ,"m1 ?\ leave/ u n[1 ,?\ goe/ to ?y home 9 ,tlalocan4 ,:i* may1 p]haps1 be int]pret$ ?us3 ,! expression 8sev5 e>s0 is an allusion to ! sev5 e>s ( maize1 spr9kl$ ) rubb] oil & wrapp$ 9 pap] & clo?1 :i* ea* maid5 9 a procession ( virg9s c>ri$ to ! temple ( ! goddess1 ! c9teopan1 at ! fe/ival ( uei tozoztli 7,april #bg?74 ,! maize is n[ full gr[n & ! goddess's lab\rs are ov] = ! "t be+1 s t %e is enabl$ to return to ,tlalocan1 ! p>adise ( h] bro!r ,tlaloc4 ,,fe/ivals ,! ,uei ,tozoztli4--,! fir/ fe/ival attribut$ to ,*icomecoatl 9 ! cal5d> 0 ! uei tozoztli1 or ! 8great wat*10 s call$ because ( ! wat* or wake kept 9 ! h\ses ( ! p1 accompani$ by a g5]al fa/4 ,! be/ acc\nts ( x are ^? ( ,sahagun #ahg & ,torquemada4 #ahh ,9 ?is rite ! goddess 0 associat$ ) ,c9teotl4 ,aft] a f\r days' fa/1 c]ta9 ru%es 7 /a9$ ) sacrificial blood & plac$ ^u ! images ( ! gods 9 bo? h\se & temple4 ,bran*es ( laurel & b$s or mattresses ( hay 7 plac$ be=e ! alt>s1 & maize porridge 0 di/ribut$ to ! "y m54 ,! p walk$ 9 ! fields cutt+ /alks ( ! "y maize1 :i* !y b$eck$ ) fl[]s1 plac+ !m be=e ! alt>s ( ! gods 9 ! calpulli1 or common h\se ( ! village1 along ) food-(f]+s ( e k9d1 baskets ( tortillas1 or pancakes ( *ian fl\r & toa/$ maize mix$ ) beans1 ea* surm\nt$ by a cook$ frog4 ,on ! back ( ! frog (f]$ up ) ! tortillas !y plac$ a jo9t cut f a maize-/alk fill$ ) small pieces ( e k9d ( ! food (f]$ up4 ,?us lad51 ! frog symboliz$ ! e>?1 be>+ h] fruits on h] back4 ,all ?is victual 0 c>ri$ 9 ! aft]noon to ! temple ( ,*icomecoatl1 & eat5 9 a g5]al scramble4 ,! e>s ( maize pres]v$ = se$ 7 c>ri$ 9 procession by virg9s to ! temple ( ! goddess1 ea* maid5 be>+ sev5 e>s ( maize1 spr9kl$ ) ulli gum & wrapp$ 9 pap] & clo?4 ,! legs & arms ( ^! girls 7 ornam5t$ ) r$ fea!rs & _! faces 7 sme>$ ) pit* & spr9kl$ ) m>cassite4 ,to ^! ! cr[d 7 =bidd5 to speak1 b mu* p]siflage 01 nev]!less1 engag$ 94 ,! p !n return$ to _! h\ses1 & ! sanctifi$ maize 0 plac$ 9 e gran>y & corn-crib1 0 kn[n z ! 8he>t0 !re(1 & rema9$ !re until tak5 out to be us$ z se$4 ,x does n appe> t human sacrifice accompani$ ?is fe/ival1 :i* seems to h repres5t$ anci5t ru/ic rites1 ! ritual ( ! family & ! village1 h&$ d[n f v e>ly times4 ,o*paniztli 78,sweep+ ( ,temples074--,9 ?is fe/ival1 held ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]1 ! goddess play$ an important al?\gh by no means ! pr9cipal "p1 & z x is fully describ$ 9 ! pages deal+ ) ,tlazolteotl1 x w suffice "h to m5tion t ! rites accord$ to ,*icomecoatl on ?is occasion appe> to h be5 almo/ ! same z ^? r5d]$ at h] fir/ fe/ival4 ,! nature ( h] connection ) ! o!r deities ( maize is indicat$ 9 ! introduction to ! section deal+ ) ! e>? & gra9 gods1 & h] p>ticipation 9 ! rites ( ! o*paniztli p]haps exhibits ! zeal\s activity ( an anci5t cult 9 rivalry ) a lat] & m popul> "o4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly seem z if ,*icomecoatl _h be5 recogniz$ 9 ! o*paniztli rites z an aft]?\ght & = ! purpose ( placat+ h] prie/hood1 z mu* z = ! hon\r ( ! goddess h]self1 or t x 0 a prote/ on ! "p ( ! m9i/]s ( h] cult1 :o did n desire to see _! div9ity ignor$ at a season at :i* %e _h probably be5 wor%ipp$ f "t immemorial4 ,,prie/hood ,t ,*icomecoatl _h a prie/hood specially consecrat$ to h] is manife/ f ! acc\nts ( h] fe/ivals1 & ?is mu/ h be5 9 mo/ respects simil> 9 organization & "* to ^? ( ,c9teotl 7! ,c9teotz971 ,tlazolteotl1 & ,xipe4 ,t %e _h also a corps ( prie/esses or holy wom5 atta*$ to h] wor%ip is equally cle> f ! same s\rce4 ,b we le>n no?+ ( _! precise /atus or polity f any ( ! old au?orities4 ,,temples ,*icomecoatl appe>s to h _h two temples1 bo? situat$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ! great temple at ,mexico4 ,! fir/ 0 ! ,*icomecoatl iteopan 78,temple ( ,*icomecoatl07 & ! o!r ! ,c9teopan 78,maize ,temple071 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) t sacr$ to ,c9teotl4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,*icomecoatl is obvi\sly ! anci5t & indig5\s maize-goddess ( ! ,mexican ,valley1 ^: wor%ip _h exi/$ f e>ly times4 ,! /atem5t by ! int]pret] 9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis t %e caus$ fam9es is mo/ c]ta9ly an error & mu* m applicable to ,ciuacoatl4 ,! id5tification ( h] 9 ! same place ) ,tonacaciuatl1 ! female companion ( ! creative deity1 is probably correct1 z %e seems to h be5 an agricultural v>iant ( ! old e>?-"m4 ,*icomecoatl 0 ! patroness ( ! food supply1 :o1 says ,sahagun1 80 ! goddess ( subsi/5ce10 & 8! orig9al mak] ( bread & victuals & cook]y 9 g5]al10 & ^: sign radiat$ good =tune & happy influ5ces4 ,9 ?is goddess1 z view$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! obs]vances practis$ at h] fe/ival1 we see1 p]haps1 ! old & indig5\s e>?-goddess z ! help] & fo/]-p>5t ( ! y\ng] e>?-"m1 ,tlazolteotl1 = ! gra9 ( ! ye> be=e 0 h]s & 0 plac$ 9 ! gran>ies to 8help0 or =m a nucleus to ! new gra94 ,aga91 x 0 p]haps natural t ! eld] e>?-goddess %\ld preside ov] ! old gra9 us$ = se$1 & ! y\ng] goddess ov] ! gra9 :i* _h n yet come to fruition4 ,9 _m c\ntries two gra9-spirits1 "m & daught]1 appe> 9 ! agricultural pan!on4 ,9 ,breton cu/om ! "m-%eaf--a figure made out ( ! la/ %eaf--be>s )9 x a less] bundle1 :i* is reg>d$ z ! unborn daught]2 & 9 ,prussia1 ,malaysia1 ,scotl&1 & ,greece1 ?is d\ble p]sonification ( ! corn 0 or is 9 vogue4 ,,c9teotl 8,,maize-,,god0 ,t]ritory3 ,totonac2 ,aztec2 ,xo*imilco4 ,m9or ,names3 ,ce ,xo*itl 8,"o ,fl[]0 7date74 ,*icomoltotz9 8,sev5 ,e>s40 ,relation%ip3 ,son ( ,tlazolteotl2 husb& ( ,xo*iquetzal4 ,symbol3 ,! god's head ) maize headdress 7z 9 ,bologna tonalamatl74 ,fe/ivals3 ,uei tozoztli2 o*paniztli4 ,compass ,directions3 ,nor?2 ,we/4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,f\r? ( ! ,n9e ,lords ( ! ,night4 ,sev5? ( ! ,?irte5 ,lords ( ! ,day4 7,codex ,borbonicus1 %eet #bj47 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #eb3 ,9 ?is place ,c9teotl is figur$ z a male deity ( yell[ col\r & ) a peculi> black1 angul>1 longitud9al b& on ! face & be>+ a load ( maize-e>s on 8 back4 ,9 "o h& he c>ries ! ra9-/aff & 9 ! o!r ! ?r[+-/ick4 ,%eet #ad3 ,9 ?is illu/ration he is cle>ly recogniz$ z ! ,maize-god by ! maize-e>s & ! maize-blooms :i* he we>s 9 8 fillet or on 8 head4 ,9 o!r respects 8 insignia resembles t ( ! ,sun-god 9 its flame-col\r$ hair1 ! jewell$ head-/rap ) ! conv5tional bird's head on ! frontal side1 ! l>ge gold disk on 8 brea/1 & on ! nape ( ! neck ! rosette pa9t$ 9 ! col\rs ( ! gre5 jewel *al*ihuitl4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #bj3 ,he we>s on 8 head a not*$ cr[n l t ( ! e>?1 m\nta91 & ra9 gods1 except t x is pa9t$ gre5 & yell[1 ! col\rs ( ! maize4 ,x is fa/5$ ) a tie at ! occiput1 :i* adornm5t is pa9t$ 9 l col\rs & resembles ! knot worn by ^! deities4 ,z ) ! ,ra9-god1 x %[s ! long1 d>k hair hang+ d[n bel[ x4 ,on 8 brea/ he we>s1 atta*$ to a *a9 ( jewell$ beads1 an ornam5t :i* is pa9t$ 9 ! col\rs ( ! *al*ihuitl & f :i* hang jewell$ ?ongs4 ,! lo9-clo? is 9 ! col\rs ( ! maize1 %[+ alt]nate yell[ & gre5 cross-b&s4 ,aub9 ,tonalamatl4--,%eet #h3 ,"h he is repres5t$ opposite ,mayauel4 ,on 8 back he we>s a plum$ /aff ) a he>t4 ,9 8 h& he holds ! quetzal fea!r-flag4 ,,my?s ,c9teotl 0 reg>d$ by ! ,mexicans z hav+ be5 born ( ! goddess ,tlazolteotl 9 ! sacr$ we/]n region ( ,tamoan*an 7! ,h\se ( ,bir?71 :i* !y look$ ^u z ! orig9al home ( ! maize-plant4 ,a song sung at ! atamalqualiztli fe/ival is z foll[s3 ,born is ! ,maize-god ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,desc5t1 ,9 ! place :]e ! fl[]s are1 ,! god ,"o-fl[]4 ,! ,maize-god is born ,9 ! place ( wat] & ( mi/1 ,:]e ! *ildr5 ( m5 are made4 ,9 ! jewel ,mi*oacan4 ,he is also associat$ ) ! fl[]-gods 9 c]ta9 /rophes ( ! song to ^! div9ities3 ,on ! ball-gr\nd ! quetzalcoxcoxtli s+s2 ,! ,maize-god answ]s him4 ,beautifully s+s our fri5d ! quetzal1 ,9 ! twilight ( ! r$ maize god4 ,my song %all be he>d by ! "l ( ! twilight1 ,! god ) ! ?igh-sk9 face-pa9t+4 ,i came to ! place :]e ! roads meet1 ,i1 ! ,maize-god4 ,:]e %all ,i n[ g8 ,:i* way %all ,i take8 ,?is song ,i w\ld int]pret z foll[s3 ,! game ( tla*tli1 a description ( hockey1 is 9 "s measure associat$ ) ! maize-gods4 ,! quetzalcoxcoxtli bird is ,xo*ipilli1 ! ,fl[]-god1 ) :om ,c9teotl is closely associat$1 & :o is connect$ ) games ( all k9ds1 /one effigies ( him be+ set up 9 ! tla*tli c\rts4 ,c9teotl is a god :o emanates f ! we/1 & is associat$ ) ! twilight4 ,at 8 fe/ival a piece ( sk9 0 /ripp$ f ! ?igh ( ! female victim & made into a mask = 8 prie/4 ,! place :]e ! roads meet is evid5tly ! haunt+-place ( ! ,ciuapipilt9 or ,ciuatete1 wom5 :o di$ 9 *ildb$1 ( :om ,tlazolteotl1 ,c9teotl's "m1 0 ! patroness4 ,! god compla9s t he has a difficulty 9 f9d+ 8 way at ! cross-roads4 ,?is 0 ! precise reason = :i* !y 7 made1 t ! ,ciupipilt9 or haunt+ mo!rs %\ld be puzzl$ by !m1 or 8w&]$10 z ! ,scotti% expression is4 ,wit*es all ! _w ov] are baffl$ by cross-roads1 & =m]ly ! bodies ( suicides 7 buri$ b5ea? !m1 s t1 did _! spirits arise1 !y w\ld be puzzl$ by ! multiplicity ( directions & be baffl$ 9 _! int5t to haunt ! liv+4 ,,fe/ivals ,! fir/ fe/ival ) :i* ,c9teotl 0 associat$ 0 ! uei tozoztli1 held 9 ,april4 ,aft] a f\r days' fa/1 ! h\ses 7 deck$ ) irises & spr9kl$ ) blood drawn f ! e>s & ! front ( ! legs1 & ! nobles & weal?i] folk decorat$ _! h\ses ) ! b\ghs ( a plant call$ axcoyatl4 #ahi ,se>* 0 made 9 ! fields = ! "y /alks ( maize1 :i* 7 deck$ ) fl[]s & plac$ be=e ! gods1 along ) food4 ,! goddess ,*icomecoatl 0 also rev]$ at ?is fe/ival4 ,at ! o*paniztli fe/ival1 too1 9 hon\r ( 8 "m ,tlazolteotl1 ,c9teotl 0 peculi>ly v5]at$1 & a full acc\nt ( ! proce$+s w be f\nd 9 ! pages ref]r+ to ,tlazolteotl4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to ref] 9 pass+ to "o cu/om1 t 9 connection ) :i* ! ?igh-sk9 ( ! female victim 0 /ripp$ (f & c>ri$ to ! temple ( ,c9teotl1 :]e x 0 made into a mask :i* ! prie/ ( ! god plac$ ov] 8 face4 #aij ,he also wore a jacket & hood ( fea!rs1 resembl+ ! naualli or bird-disguise ( ! god--! coxcoxtli1 :i* seems to h repres5t$ bo? ,c9teotl & ,xo*ipilli1 & to h =m$ a k9d ( bond betwe5 !m4 ,! cre/ ( ! hood resembl$ ! comb ( a cock1 & :il/ possibly hav+ ! significance ( a bird's comb1 0 also held to symbolize ! %>p-cutt+ fl9t knife ( sacrifice 7see ,tlazolteotl74 ,la/ly1 ! horrible relics ( ! fe/ival 7 convey$ by ! ,c9teotl prie/ & a pick$ body-gu>d to a hut on ! fronti]1 :]e !y 7 left1 = :at purpose ,i am able to =m no def9ite op9ion4 #aia ,,temples ,sev]al temples appe> to h be5 d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ,c9teotl at ,mexico1 b z ! names ( ^! sometimes imply a collective d$ication to ! maize-gods1 x is some:at difficult to asc]ta9 precisely :i* ( ! edifices 0 peculi> to ,c9teotl4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,iztac c9teotl iteopan1 or temple ( ! deity ( :ite maize1 at ,mexico1 m probably ref]s to ,c9teotl's place ( wor%ip1 z ,sahagun /ates1 ?an to t ( any o!r deity4 ,"h1 says ! fri>1 7 sacrific$ lepr\s captives1 :o 7 sla9 dur+ ! days ( fa/+ 9 hon\r ( ! sun1 :5 t lum9>y 0 at its greate/ height4 #aib ,9 ! ,c9teopan 0 to be se5 a /atue ( ,c9teotl1 be=e :i* captives 7 sacrific$ on ! occasion ( 8 fe/ival4 ,! temple ( ,tlatauhqui ,c9teotl 7r$ maize7 appe>s to h be5 ! pres]ve ( ! maize-gods collectively4 ,,prie/hood ,t ,c9teotl _h a sep>ate & di/9ct prie/hood is manife/ f allusions to x 9 acc\nts ( 8 fe/ivals4 ,among ! ,totonacs two high-prie/s 7 especially d$icat$ to him4 ,^! 7 wid[]s ov] sixty ye>s ( age1 :o wore jackets made f ! sk9s ( jackals1 7 n p]mitt$ to eat fi%1 & ^: duty consi/$ 9 ! prep>ation ( manuscripts & ! deliv]ance ( oracul> messages4 ,! ,totonacs ?\ght human sacrifices unnecess>y to him1 & (f]$ up birds & small animals at 8 %r9e1 reg>d+ him z _! protector f ! m sangu9>y deities1 says ,clavig]o4 #aic ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,x w\ld appe> f ! data at our disposal t ,c9teotl 0 orig9ally a maize-god ( ! ,totonacs1 a p alli$ 9 race to ! ,maya-speak+ ,huaxtecs ( ! ea/ coa/4 ,x w be recall$ t 8 "m1 ,tlazolteotl1 0 ( ,huaxtec orig94 ,c9teotl may orig9ally h be5 reg>d$ by ! ,maya-speak+ coa/ p z h] son1 or aga9 ! relation%ip betwe5 !m may h be5 symbolic & relatively late 9 its developm5t4 ,b ! my? appe>s z anci5t & well f\nd$1 & ! corn-"m :o has a son or daught] is noticeable 9 _m my?ologies4 ,al?\gh ,c9teotl is allud$ to z a goddess by ,clavig]o & o!r writ]s1 x is abundantly cle> t 8 godhead is ( ! male ord]1 z ! pictures :i* repres5t him prove4 ,sel] lays /ress ^u 8 absolute id5tification ) ,xo*ipilli & ,macuilxo*itl1 b al?\gh resemblances c]ta9ly exi/1 x seems to me t !re are z _m po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ^! gods & t ! lik5ess 0 ! outcome ( lat] developm5t4 ,?us x c be %[n by ,sel]'s own conclusions t1 :]eas ,xo*ipilli 0 ! patron ( gam+ & sport & light-he>t$ amusem5t1 ,c9teotl1 on ! o!r h&1 0 symbolic ( t dea? :i* is ! (fspr+ ( s94 #aid ,c9teotl's "m1 ,tlazolteotl1 ! goddess ( lu/1 und\bt$ly typifies s91 & h] son symbolizes ! dea? :i* foll[s x & is its wages1 ! %>p knife ( sacrifice4 ,! ind5t$ cap he we>s is typical ( ?is implem5t1 & 0 kn[n z itzlacoliuhqui 78fro/071 an expression :i* is also translat$ z 8dea?0 & :i* is occasionally employ$ ( ,tezcatlipoc 9 8 phase ( god ( ju/ice4 ,b ,c9teotl _h ano!r connection ) ! plutonic1 su* z is possess$ by _m gra9-gods1 & mu/1 l ,hades & ,i%t>1 be reg>d$ z a deity ( ! ,und]world1 ! place ( ! dead1 ! realm 9 :i* ! se$ g]m9ates ere x spr\ts above gr\nd4 ,he 0 ! tutel>y deity ( ! goldsmi?s ( ,xo*imilco1 oddly en\gh1 x seems to u1 until we recall ! resemblance betwe5 ! ripe maize-cob & ! "w ( ! native jewell]s4 #aie ,x is1 h[ev]1 z ! "y maize-god--! maize 9 its t5d] & half-rip5$ condition--t he mu/ be *iefly reg>d$1 & t he 0 look$ ^u by ! anci5t ,mexicans4 ,he /rongly resembles ! ,maya god ,e4 ,,ciuacoatl 8,,s]p5t ,,woman0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,colhuacan & ,xo*imilco4 ,m9or ,names3 ,quilaztli 8,obsidian ,plant0 7874 ,quauhciuatl 8,woman-eagle40 ,yaociuatl 8,woman-w>rior40 ,tonantz9 8,our ,"m40 ,relation%ip3 ,"m ( ,mixcoatl2 si/] ( ! ,c5tzon ,mimixcoa4 ,symbol3 ,obsidian knife4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,g5]al4--,9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #fj7 %e appe>s z "o ( ! two heads1 or faces1 ( ,quaxolotl1 a female face fram$ by long1 /ream+ hair1 ) ! fle%less "u-jaw & ! expos$ tee? ( a dead p]son's skull4 ,! ,sahagun ,,ms4 describes h] z hav+ a face pa9t$ half-r$1 half-black1 ) a ?ick sme> ( indi>ubb] r\nd ! lips4 ,%e we>s a cr[n ( eagle-fea!rs & a gold5 e>-plug4 ,h] ov]dress is 8! col\r ( spr+ fl[]s0 7r$71 & %e also has an und]g>m5t ) a fr+e1 & a :ite enagua1 or skirt4 ,h] co/ume is adorn$ ) %ells & %e we>s s&als4 ,h] %ield is inset ) eagle's fea!rs4 ,an anci5t song to h] /ates t %e c>ries a rattle-/ick4 ,%e has a %ield-device simil> to t ( ,*antico1 ) :om %e seems to be a p>allel4 ,,my?s ,9 ! 8,song ( ! ,e>?-goddesses10 ,ciuacoatl is allud$ to z foll[s3 ,! eagle ,quilaztli is pa9t$ ) s]p5t's blood2 ,h] cr[n is made ( eagle-fea!rs4 ,! high cypresses ( ! ,*almec l& %elt] h]4 ,! maize has come2 ,on ! fields ( ! gods ,%e leans on ! rattle-/aff4 ,9 my h& re/s ! agave ?orn2 ,on ! fields ( ! gods ,%e leans on h] rattle-/aff4 ,! broom is 9 my h&2 ,on ! fields ( ! gods ,%e leans on ! rattle-/aff4 ,?irte5 eagles is our "m1 goddess ( ! ,*almec2 ,! spe> ( ! prickly plant lays me l[2 ,x is my son ,mixcoatl4 ,our "m ! w>rior4 ,! de] f ,colhuacan1 ,%e is /uck ) fea!rs4 ,morn+ has dawn$ ,! ord] to ! w>riors has gone =?4 ,drag ! captives h5ce1 ,! :ole l& %all be de/roy$4 ,! de] f ,colhuacan1 ,%e is /uck ) fea!rs4 ,^? :o fight bravely 9 w> ,are pa9t$ ) eagle-fea!rs4 #aif ,?is wild song may be int]pret$ z foll[s3 ,! aspect ( ! goddess is describ$4 ,%e re/s 7z d ,uitzilopo*tli & o!r gods7 "u ! %ade ( ! cypress trees4 ,! maize is ab\t to be plant$1 & %e be>s 9 h] h& ! rattle-/aff or ra9-rattle1 c>ri$ by all ! e>?- & ra9-gods & _! prie/s1 ) :i* %e br+s d[n ! ra9 by d9t ( sympa!tic magic & :i* implem5t 0 also symbolic ( fruitfulness or sexual union4 #aig ,! wor%ipp] takes ! agave ?orn 9 8 h& :]e) to pi]ce 8 tongue & o!r memb]s1 s t ! blood ?us obta9$ may produce ra9 = ! gr[? ( ! maize4 ,! broom allud$ to is a symbol ( ! e>?-goddesses1 & 0 made ( h>d1 /iff1 po9t$ grass1 cut ) sickles 9 ! m\nta9\s =e/s ( ,popocatepetl & ,ajusco 7see ,tlazolteotl74 8,?irte5 eagles0 is a date 9 ! tonalamatl1 ! la/ day ( ! division ce calli4 ,x 0 connect$ ) ! ,ciuatete1 ! v5geful wom5 :o di$ 9 *ildb$1 ( :om ,tlazolteotl is ! prototype4 ,! 8spe> ( ! prickly plant0 7cactus7 is ! weapon ( ,mixcoatl1 son ( ! goddess1 & is "h probably allud$ to z ! lightn+ :i* accompanies ! ra9fall 9 ,mexico1 = ,mixcoatl is ! 8,cl\d-,s]p5t10 8! lightn+-god40 ,or ! wor%ipp] may compla9 ( weakness f loss ( blood %$ z an (f]+ by 8 use ( ! agave ?orn4 ,! w>like nature ( ,ciuacoatl is next allud$ to4 ,%e 0 evid5tly id5tifi$ at ,cuitlauac1 & ,xo*imilco1 ) ! two-head$ de]1 an animal frequ5tly connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! nomadic ,*i*imecs1 z 0 ,mixcoatl1 h] son4 ,%e is /uck ) eagle fea!rs or d[n1 l ! successful w>rior :o _h captur$ an enemy4 ,! w>riors mu/ n[ dep>t to seek = fur!r victims4 ,! :ole song is eloqu5t ( ! connection ( ! e>?-cult ) w> & human sacrifice4 ,ciuacoatl is spok5 ( by ,duran & ,sahagun z a w>rior goddess :o gave ! ,mexicans victory ov] _! enemies1 & by ,torquemada #aih z ! eld] si/] ( ! ,mimixcoa1 ! /ell> gods ( ! /eppe4 ,%e x 01 too1 :o1 accord+ to ano!r my?1 p\nd$ ! human bones br\ght by ,quetzalcoatl f ! ,und]world into a pa/e1 f :i* m5 7 =m$--an allusion to ! belief curr5t 9 ,mexico t man 0 made1 or at lea/ 8built up10 f maize4 #aii ,sahagun says ( h] #bjj t %e disp5s$ adv]se =tune1 pov]ty1 abjectness1 & mis]y4 ,%e 0 wont to appe> to m5 9 ! guise ( a ri*ly dress$ lady1 su* z frequ5t$ ! c\rt4 ,?r\gh ! night %e w&]$1 h[l+ & bell[+4 ,occasionally %e 0 se5 c>ry+ a cradle1 & :5 %e vani%$1 exam9ation %[$ t ! re/+-place ( :at 0 believ$ to be an infant conta9$ no?+ b an obsidian knife1 su* z 0 us$ 9 human sacrifice4 #bja ,!re are also indications t %e presid$ ov] *ildbir?4 ,,temples ,ciuacoatl _h a temple call$ ! ,tlillan ,calmecac1 or 8,black ,college10 :]e dwelt ^? prie/s devot$ to h] s]vice4 #bjb ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,! circum/ance t ,ciuacoatl appe>s ) ! skull ( a dead p]son leads to ! conclusion t1 besides be+ an e>?-deity1 %e _h phantom or und]world *>act]i/ics--a common connection = a gra9-goddess4 ,f h] hymn we ga!r t %e has a magical influ5ce ov] ! plantation & gr[? ( ! maize4 ,%e is1 p]haps1 a prototype ( ! ,ciuatete1 ! disappo9t$ & v5geful wom5 :o _h di$ 9 _! fir/ *ildb$1 & ! my? ( h] cradle conta9+ ! sacrificial knife is eloqu5t ( ! connection ( ! ,e>?-goddess ) human sacrifice4 ,h] m>tial "*1 also1 is app>5t & is a concomitant ( h] agricultural & sacrificial significance4 ,f h] association ) ,mixcoatl1 ! ,mimixcoa1 ! ,*i*imec gods1 z f h] "n1 ,quilaztli1 & h] symbol x is evid5t t %e is connect$ ) ! ,*i*imec or native ,indian cult4 ,h] connection ) *ildb$ is cle> f "o ( ! addresses giv5 by ,sahagun1 :o /ates t ! midwife exhort$ ! woman 9 *ildb$ to be /rong & valiant z 0 ,ciuacoatl4 8,:o fir/ bore *ildr510 9 allusion to a my? m5tion$ by ,gama 7pt4 i1 p4 #ci71 :o says t %e gave bir? to two *ildr51 male & female1 :5ce sprung ! human race--a /ory ,i h fail$ to trace else:]e1 except 9 ,clavig]o4 ,,coatlicue 8,,s]p5t-,,skirt0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico-,t5o*titlan4 ,m9or ,"n3 ,coatlantonan 8,our ,s]p5t ,"m40 ,relation%ip3 ,"m ( ,uitzilopo*tli by ,mixcoatl2 "m ( ,coyolxauhqui & ! ,c5tzonuitznaua2 wife ( ,tezcatzoncatl or ,izquitecatl4 ,fe/ival3 ,fea/ ( ! fl[]-sell]s 9 ! second mon?1 tlacaxipeuliztli4 ,symbol3 ,! eagle's foot4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4--,! face ( ! goddess is pa9t$ ) :ite infusorial e>? ( ! k9d kn[n z tiitl4 ,%e we>s a cr[n ( eagle-fea!rs & a :ite ov]dress4 ,h] skirt is =m$ ( s]p5ts1 z h] "n implies4 ,on h] feet %e we>s :ite s&als & %ells4 ,h] %ield is inset ) eagle-fea!rs1 & %e be>s a s]p5t-/aff 9 h] h&4 ,,/atues ,mu* argum5t has circl$ ar\nd ! colossal /atue ( ,coatlicue 7see ,introduction7 :i* =m]ly adorn$ "o ( ! entrances to ! great temple ( ,mexico1 & :i* 0 evid5tly support$ by upright /ones1 s t x =m$ ! key-/one ( a gateway :]e x c\ld be se5 by all :o pass$ 9 & out ( ! temple4 ,x has be5 assign$ to m ?an "o goddess1 & :5 x 0 dis9t]r$ among/ o!r relics 9 ! c\rse ( mak+ new dra9s 9 ! ,plaza ,mayor ( ,mexico 9 ,augu/ #agij1 x 0 plac$ 9 ! c\rt ( ! univ]sity & !re wor%ipp$ by ! ,indians1 :o deck$ x ) fl[]s4 ,! ,mexican antiqu>ies1 rely+ on a /atem5t by ,botur9i #bjc 9 :i* he /ates t ,uitzilopo*tli 0 accompani$ by ! goddess 8,teoyaomiqui10 reg>d$ ! two-fac$ idol z be+ bi-sexual & z a composite figure ( bo? gods1 & ?is notion 0 p]petuat$ by ,gama 9 8 ,dos ,pi$ras4 ,payne1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,new ,_w1 app5ds a long & v 8sane0 note to 8 description ( x1 sne]s at ! conclusions ( ! ,mexican antiqu>ies1 & /ates1 some:at dogmatically1 t x mu/ be reg>d$ z a repres5tation ( ,*icomecoatl4 ,b x is und\bt$ly ,coatlicue4 ,9 ! fir/ place t goddess _h a "r to a position 9 ! temple ( ,uitzilopo*tli z 8 "m1 secondly ! idol we>s ! skirt ( s]p5ts :i* is impli$ 9 h] "n4 ,b ?is not)/&+1 ! /one figure has obvi\sly a symbolical mean+ z illu/rat+ ! :ole circum/ances ( human sacrifice4 ,! head is =m$ by ! junction ( ! heads ( two s]p5ts1 :i* symbolize ! two /reams ( blood well+ out f a decapitat$ body4 ,! flay$ sk9 ( ! victim is hung 9 front & is %[n knott$ beh9d z 9 ! /atue ( ,xipe f\nd at ! ,ca/illo de ,teayo4 ,! cups f :i* octli 0 drunk are /uck 9 front ( ! flay$ human sk91 & a skull adorns ! s]p5t-skirt be=e & beh9d4 ,?r\gh all ^! attributes1 h[ev]1 ! p]sonality ( ! s]p5t-woman goddess c be s5s$ z mu* z obs]v$4 #bjd ,o!r /atues & pa9t+s ( ,coatlicue uphold ! !ory t %e is repres5t$ by ?is idol4 ,"o f\nd 9 ! ,calle de las ,escal]illas1 & o!rs recov]$ f ! ,calle de ,coliseo 9 ,mexico ,city1 %[ h] z hav+ ! face ( a skull4 ,9 ! latt] %e we>s a peculi> flat headdress ) maize-l motifs dep5d+ f ! back1 & h] hair recalls ! ruffl$ 8night-hair0 ( ,mictlantecutli4 ,ar\nd h] body are /range /ep-motifs :i* con/itute ! ends ( p>allel l9es2 & f h] e>s dep5d l>ge cotton plugs4 ,%e we>s a girdle ( skulls ) s]p5t9e noses4 ,ano!r relief ( h] f\nd 9 ! ,calle de las ,escal]illas is1 h[ev]1 mu* m enlight5+ ?an ! =ego+4 ,9 ?is spirit$ "w %e we>s :at is evid5tly a pana*e ( /one knives or mal9alli grass1 ! face is t ( a skull1 %e has ! claws ( a jagu>1 & ! skirt ( entw9$ s]p5ts is noticeable4 ,be all ?is z x may1 h[ev]1 ! insignia ( ! goddess is by no means a fix$ quantity1 & consid]able rese>* is necess>y be=e any?+ l c]ta9ty c be arriv$ at4 ,,my? ,sahagun 7bk4 iii1 c4 i7 relat$ ( ?is goddess t ne> ! anci5t city ( ,tulla or ,tulan rose ! m\nta9 ( ,coatepec 78,s]p5t ,m\nta9071 :]e liv$ a woman nam$ ,coatlicue1 "m ( c]ta9 8,indians0 call$ ,c5zonuitznaua4 ,%e _h a daught] call$ ,coyolxauhqui4 ,coatlicue1 :o 0 a wid[ & v dev\t1 climb$ ea* day to ! m\nta9 ( ,coatepec to d p5ance1 & on "o occasion1 z %e rea*$ its summit1 a little ball ( fea!rs resembl+ a roll ( ?read or tw9e fell ^u h]4 ,pick+ x up1 %e plac$ x 9 h] bosom1 & lat] 0 unable to f9d x4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds %e became ence9te4 ,h] *ildr51 obs]v+ h] condition1 7 indignant1 & ,coyolxauhqui advis$ h] bro!rs to slay _! "m = ! %ame %e _h put ^u !m4 ,h] unborn infant :isp]$ to h] to be ( good *e]4 ,b "o day h] sons arm$ !mselves & prep>$ to slay h]4 ,"o ( !m1 h[ev]1 call$ ,quauitlicac1 :isp]$ to ! sup]natural *ild t treason 0 t[>d1 & at ! mom5t :51 head$ by ,coyolxauhqui1 ,coatlicue's *ildr5 came to dispat* h]1 ,uitzilopo*tli 0 born1 fully arm$4 ,fall+ ^u 8 bro!rs & si/] ) 8 t]rible weapon1 ! xiuhcoatl1 or fi]y s]p5t1 he spe$ily dispat*$ !m all4 #bje ,,fe/ival ,tlacaxipeuliztli4--,sahagun 7bk4 ii1 c4 #bb7 relates t on ! second day ( ?is mon? ! p ( ! temple qu>t] ( ,coatlan (f]$ fl[]s 9 ! temple & made music dur+ ! entire day 9 hon\r ( ,coatlicue4 ,^! fl[]s 7 ! fir/-fruits ( ! ye>1 7 (f]$ up by ! ma/] flori/s1 :o _h a great devotion to ! goddess1 & none ( ! blossoms 9 _! g>d5s might be smelt until ^! b\quets _h be5 (f]$ up 9 ! temple ( ,coatlicue4 ,!y made = ?is fea/ tamallis call$ tzatzapaltamalli 78%>p-ta/+ h]b cakes074 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,coatlicue is1 9 "o ( h] aspects1 und\bt$ly ! fl[]-cov]$ e>? ( spr+1 f :om1 z x 71 ! sun 7,uitzilopo*tli7 is reborn4 ,h] s]p5t-skirt is probably symbolic ( ! circum/ance t1 at ! season :i* %e repres5ts1 ! e>? is clo!d ) ! ra9 z ) a g>m5t4 ,! my? :i* makes h] a pi\s wid[ is obvi\sly ( late1 & probably ( hi]ophantic1 orig94 ,9 my view ,uitzilopo*tli is *iefly h] son 9 8 naualli or disguise ( a humm+-bird4 ,! humm+-bird sucks f ! brea/s ( e>? z a *ild f its "m's4 ,b ! my? is highly conglom]ate1 &1 z we possess x1 is obvi\sly ! result ( ! fusion ( sev]al v>y+ conceptions ( ! two pr9cipal figures4 ,coatlicue's appe>ance z a s]p5t 9 h] great /atue :i* has be5 describ$ above1 & h] "n ( ,coatlantonan1 8,our ,s]p5t ,"m10 9 my view t5d to id5tify h] ) ! e>? 9 its =m ( dragon1 s]p5t1 or cipactli1 reg>d+ :i* hypo!sis ! read] is ref]r$ to my rem>ks 9 ! ,introduction4 ,x is n improbable t1 l ,xo*iquetzal1 ,coatlicue is "o ( ^? m\nta9 goddesses f ^: sacr$ heights ! ra9 desc5d$ ^u ! p>*$ fields4 ,?is seems likely f ! "n ( h] abode1 ,coatepetl 78,s]p5t ,m\nta9071 ! s]p5ts ( :i* h] skirt is compos$ be+ symbolical1 p]haps1 ( ! /ream fl[+ f ! t>ns or pools situat$ on its l[] acclivities4 ,t su* a m\nta9 actually exi/$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,tollan is prov$ by ! /atem5t ( ,sahagun4 ,uitzilopo*tli 7q4v47 is ?us ! sun :i* rises out ( ! m\nta91 or is 8born0 f x1 arm$ ) ! xiuhcoatl1 or fire-snake1 ! r$ dawn1 ) :i* he slays 8 si/] ,coyolxauhqui1 ^: insignia %[ h] to repres5t ! moon1 & puts ! />s to flight4 ,,xo*iquetzal 8,,fl[] ,,fea!r0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,plateau ( ,anahuac2 ,tlaxcallan2 ,tlalhuica4 ,m9or ,names3 ,ce atl 8,"o ,wat]40 ,ce ,mazatl 7,cal5d> date7 8,"o ,de]40 ,mazateotl 8,de] ,goddess40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! tw5tie? day 7xo*itl7 & ( ! n9ete5? 8week0 7ce quauhtli74 ,compass ,direction3 ,we/4 ,fe/ivals3 ,tepeilhuitl 7,tlalhuica74 ,que*olli 7,tlaxcallan74 ,*icome xo*itl 7,mexico74 ,relation%ip3 ,! fir/ woman1 & ?us companion ( ,piltz9tecutli 7! ,sun-god72 o!rwise1 wife ( ,tlaloc1 abduct$ by ,tezcatlipoc4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #i3 ,"h ! goddess is repres5t$ z we>+ an upp] g>m5t ( div]sifi$ patt]n1 f9i%$ ) a v>iegat$ edg+4 ,h] %awl is pa9t$ 9 ! *al*ihuitl col\rs1 & f x dep5d two /r+s or ribbons ( a d>k %ade1 complet$ ) a fl[]4 ,h] nose-plate is blue & is =m$ r aft] ! fa%ion ( ! butt]fly design1 :ile h] helmet-mask repres5ts a quetzal-bird4 ,9 %eet #eh %e is vis--vis ) ! ,dea?-god & is g>b$ l an e>?-deity ) a _m-col\r$ robe4 ,h] hair is dress$ l t ( ! ,zapotec wom51 t is1 two tresses are twi/$ up l horns & secur$ ) p>ti-col\r$ b&s4 ,on ! same %eet 7next picture7 %e confronts "o ( h] s]vitors or prie/s 7tlamacazque71 & h] g>m5ts 9 ?is place are v simil> to ^? already describ$4 ,9 ! next illu/ration ! only addition to h] co/ume is a wrea? ( fl[]s1 b "u h] arm %e holds a quetzal-bird & sits opposite a r$ ,tezcatlipoc4 ,on %eet #ei %e is repres5t$ 9 ! fir/ place opposite ! tlamacazque1 & 9 ! foll[+ picture confronts a nak$ pro/itute4 ,betwe5 ^! figures is h] s]vitor1 surpris$ 9 ! act ( press+ ! c\rtesan's brea/s4 ,?is female is *>act]iz$ by h] we>+ ( ,xo*iquetzal's %awl1 hair-dress+1 & ! hi]oglyph ( ! w>rior ca/e 7%ield & spe>s7 %[n above h] head4 ,9 ! l[e/ r[ ( ! same %eet ! goddess is se5 opposite ! ,vulture-god1 ,tlacacozcaquauhtli4 ,9 ! foll[+ %eets ( ! codex h] aspect & g>b are practically simil> to ^? describ$ above1 ) ! exception ( %eet #fj1 :]e %e appe>s 9 ! act ( p>turition1 ) ! d\ble head & c]ta9 ( ! insignia ( ,quaxolotl1 be+ deliv]$ by ,quetzalcoatl 9 ! "* ( ,xolotl4 ,9 ! region ( h] m\? is an angul> l9e ( r$4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #db3 ,"h ,xo*iquetzal is adorn$ by a wrea? ( fl[]s & faces h] s]vant4 ,on %eet #da we obs]ve t h] *eek is pa9t$ ) a r\nd r$ spot1 l t ( ! ,sun-god1 :il/ h] head is adorn$ ) quetzal-fea!rs1 & ! quetzal-bird is held "u h] arm4 ,%e is ensconc$ on a jagu> sk91 & on h] head is ! wrea? ( fl[]s ) two fea!r tufts1 :i* is especially *>act]i/ic ( h]4 ,on h] face is depict$ a r$1 angul> l9e4 ,opposite is ! figure ( h] prie/1 & betwe5 !m is a headless woman1 ^: head is replac$ by a fl[]+ tree4 ,on %eet #ci %e is %[n z we>+ a quetzal-bird mask & a blue1 /ep-%ap$ nose-plate1 :ile h] face-pa9t is elaborately execut$4 ,9 ?is picture is se5 issu+ f h] body a quetzal-fea!r ornam5t1 symbolic ( a newly-born *ild4 ,9 "o h& %e holds a jewell$ ornam5t1 & 9 ! o!r an e> ( maize1 & %e we>s ! opossum wri/lets appli$ to wom5 9 travail4 ,h] new-born tw9s are seat$ beside h]4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ?is codex %e is repres5t$ z fac+ v>i\s male deities 9 *>act]i/ic positions1 :i* are evid5tly m typical ( h] p]sonality ?an any insignia4 ,codex ,laud4--,%eet #ch3 ,%e is "h repres5t$ fac+ ! tlamacazque 9 a kneel+ attitude1 ) h] hair dress$ 9 a peculi> mann]4 ,%eet #ce %[s h] simil>ly repres5t$ to h] picture 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 %eet #ci4 ,h] tw9s are seat$ "o on ! in/ep curve ( ea* foot4 ,pott]y ,figures4--,v>i\s pott]y figures ( ! goddess f\nd 9 ! ,valley ( ,mexico are to be se5 9 ! ,uhde ,collection1 ,b]l94 ,9 "o ( ^! %e is repres5t$ hold+ an infant1 & h] g5]al attire agrees ) ! manuscript repres5tations ( h]4 ,h] hair is dress$ 9 ! ,zapotec /yle1 ris+ up 9 two horns & secur$ ) plait$ b&s4 ,! %awl or tippet ) a ,v-%ape 9 front is a con/ant factor1 & 9 "o example is scallop$1 9 ano!r pla91 :ile 9 ! ?ird x ends 9 ! *al*ihuitl ornam5t & a bead or ball-fr++4 ,9 ! ,sel] collection is a curi\s little /atuette f ,*olula1 9 :i* ! goddess is aga9 repres5t$ z c>ry+ a *ild4 ,%e we>s a flat cap1 almo/ l t ( a cook or *ef1 ! precise significance ( :i* escapes me1 unless x be a local headdress1 z "s o!r examples 9 ! same collection w\ld seem to prove4 ,9 a relief f\nd at ,zanja de la ,pi$ra ,labrada1 ne> ,ca/illo de ,teayo1 %e is repres5t$ opposite ,tlaloc1 z if to %[ h] connection ) ra94 ,h] headdress 9 ?is place w\ld seem to be a compromise betwe5 ! ,zapotec hairdress+ & a motif repres5tative ( floresc5ce4 ,%e we>s ! same ,v-%ap$ tippet1 :i* is "h adorn$ ) ?ree tassels1 & %e has ! /epp$ nose-ornam5t4 ,9 h] "r h& %e c>ries a sceptre ( wat]-ru%es1 ! same z t held by ,tlaloc1 & 9 h] left ! /aff commonly se5 9 ! repres5tation ( gods 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio71 & :i* seems to me to be a developm5t ( ! *icaunaztli1 or ra9-rattle4 ,,my?s ,p]haps ! mo/ important ( ^! is t f\nd 9 ! ,sahagun collection ( songs or hymns 7! n9? item73 ,out ( ! l& ( ! ra9 & ! mi/ ,i1 ,xo*iquetzal1 come4 ,out ( ,tamoan*an4 ,! pi\s ,piltz9tecutli weeps2 ,he seeks ,xo*iquetzal4 ,to ! l& ( corruption ,i mu/ g4 ,! goddess "h decl>es t1 l o!r f]tility goddesses1 %e comes f ! fruitful sup]natural c\ntry ( ,tamaon*an1 ! home ( ! maize4 ,piltz9tecutli1 ! ,sun-god1 seeks h]1 b1 l ,i%t> 9 ,babylonian my?1 %e mu/ betake h]self to ! ,und]world1 until x is once m "t to resume h] gr[?-assi/+ lab\rs4 ,we h "h good gr\nds = posit+ ! exi/5ce ( a popul> my? :i* w\ld seem to h rec\nt$ h[ ! div9e lov]s dwelt happily 9 ,tamoan*an until ,xo*iquetzal 0 =c$ to quit ! ble/ abode or 0 c>ri$ (f1 & 0 s\ght = by ! ,sun-god1 a my? l t ( ,pros]p9e or ,orpheus4 ,x may ref] to ! sun seek+ ! fl[]1 or may h a be>+ ^u ! my? ( ,ixnextli1 a v>iant ( ,xo*iquetzal1 :o 0 expell$ f ,p>adise1 & ( :om ! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says3 8,ixnextli1 :o is ! same z ,eve1 is always weep+1 h] eyes dim ) a%es1 a rose 9 h] h&1 emblematical ( h] grief1 be+ 9 consequ5ce ( h] hav+ ga!r$ x4 ,& accord+ly !y celebrate a fa/ e eight ye>s on acc\nt ( ?is calamit\s ev5t2 ! fa/ 0 on bread & wat]4 ,!y fa/$ on ! eight signs prec$+ ! entrance ( ! rose1 & :5 t sign arriv$1 !y prep>$ !mselves = ! celebration ( ! fe/ival4 ,!y affirm t e s]ies ( five days compris$ 9 ?is cal5d> 0 d$icat$ to ?is fall1 because on su* a day ,eve s9n$4 ,!y 7 accord+ly enjo9$ to ba! !mselves on ?is night 9 ord] to escape disease40 ,reg>d+ ?is my? ! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis says3 8,!y repres5t$ h] z ,eve always weep+ & look+ at h] husb&1 ,adam4 ,%e is call$ ,ysnextli1 :i* signifies #8eyes bl9d ) a%es'2 & ?is ref]s to ! "t subsequ5t to h] s9n+ by pluck+ ! roses4 ,!y accord+ly decl>e t !y are /ill unable to look up to heav51 & 9 recollection ( ! happy /ate :i* %e lo/1 !y fa/$ e eight ye>s on acc\nt ( ?is fall40 ,x is significant t ! goddess pictur$ beside ?is /atem5t is call$ 8,su*iquezal40 ,diego ,muoz ,cam>go1 9 8 ,hi/oria de ,tlaxcala1 equates ,xo*iquetzal ) ,v5us & /ates t3 8,%e dwells above ! n9e heav5s 9 a v pleasant & delectable place1 accompani$ & gu>d$ by _m p & wait$ on by o!r wom5 ( ! rank ( goddesses1 :]e are _m delights ( f\nta9s1 brooks1 fl[]-g>d5s1 & )\t h] want+ = any?+1 & t :]e %e soj\rn$ %e 0 gu>d$ & %elt]$ f ! gaze ( ! p1 & t 9 h] ret9ue %e _h a great _m dw>fs & hun*backs1 je/]s1 & buffoons1 :o ent]ta9$ h] ) music & danc+ & :om %e s5t z h] confidants & mess5g]s to ! o!r gods1 & t _! *ief occupation 0 ! sp9n+ & weav+ ( sumptu\s arti/ic fabrics1 & t !y 7 pa9t$ s beautifully & elegantly t no?+ f9] c\ld be f\nd among/ mortals4 ,b ! place :]e %e dwelt 0 call$ ,tamohuani*an ,xo*itl ihcacan1 ,*icuhnauh-nepaniuhcan1 ,itzehecaya1 t is1 #8! h\se ( ! desc5t or ( bir?1 ! place :]e are ! fl[]s1 ! n9efold en*a9$1 ! place ( ! fre%1 cool w9ds4' ,& e ye> %e 0 hon\r$ ) a great fea/1 to :i* _m p f all p>ts 7 ga!r$ 9 h] temple40 ,he cont9ues3 8,!y say t %e _h =m]ly be5 ! sp\se ( ! ,ra9-god1 ,tlaloc1 b t ,tezcatlipoc _h abduct$ h]1 & br\ght h] to ! n9e heav5s1 & made h] ! goddess ( love4 ,& !n !re 0 ano!r goddess1 ,matlalcuy1 ! goddess to :om 7 attribut$ wit*craft & soo?say+4 ,h] ,tlaloc _h made 8 consort aft] ,tezcatlipoc _h c>ri$ (f 8 wife ,xo*iquetzal40 #bjf ,ano!r my?1 giv5 by ,botur9i1 rec\nts h] temptation ( ! holy ascetic ,yappan1 :o dwelt 9 a des]t place 9 ord] to lead a cont95t & solit>y life1 s t he might w9 ! fav\r ( ! gods4 ,he took up 8 abode on a rock call$ ,tehuehuetl1 b ! gods conceiv$ a d\bt ( 8 piety1 & s5t an enemy ( 81 ,yaotl 7enemy71 to wat* 8 movem5ts4 ,ev5 ?is bitt] foe f\nd no?+ to cavil at 9 8 conduct1 & wom5 s5t by ! gods to lead him f ! pa?s ( rectitude 7 /]nly repuls$4 ,! div9e be+s 7 ab\t to consid] 8 apo!osis1 :5 ,xo*iquetzal1 feel+ t h] reputation z a tempt] ( m5 0 at /ake1 angrily assur$ !m t %e 0 able to effect 8 s$uction4 ,desc5d+ to e>?1 %e s\ght out ! h]mit1 :om %e assur$ ( h] admiration & e/eem1 & ask$ by :at pa? %e might asc5d to 8 rocky seat4 ,all unsuspici\s ( h] int5t1 ,yappan desc5d$ f 8 place on ! rock & assi/$ h] to climb ! rugg$ em95ce4 ,yappan =got 8 v[ ( *a/ity1 & :5 ! goddess _h dep>t$1 f\nd himself des]t$ by ! angry gods to ! m]cies ( 8 enemy1 ,yaotl1 :o slew him out ( h&4 ,! gods trans=m$ ! sla9 man into a scorpion1 & ,yaotl hav+ also sla9 ,yappan's wife1 ,tlahuitz91 :om he _h ab&on$ = ! life ascetic1 %e 0 trans=m$ into an animal ( ! same species1 & crawl+ "u a /one1 f\nd h] husb& !re4 ,b ! gods1 wra?ful at ,yaotl's excessive cruelty1 *ang$ him into a locu/4 #bjg ,,fe/ivals ,*icomexo*itl 78,sev5 ,fl[]074--,9 ! sign ce ocelotl1 on ! day *icomexo*itl1 ! arti/s unit$ to hold fe/ival to ! goddess1 & ! laundresses1 says ,sahagun1 #bjh fa/$ =ty days4 8,!y jo9$ toge!r1 tw5ty or m1 to obta9 a bett] quality ( pictures & weaves & to ?is end (f]$ up quails & inc5se40 ,?is 0 "o ( ! movable fea/s4 ,9 an illum9at+ passage 9 8 disquisition ^u ! ,aub9 tonalamatl 7p4 #abc7 ,sel] says3 8,z ,i h rem>k$ at ! op5+ ( ! section1 ! goddess ,xo*iquetzal is prop]ly ! expression ( ! day-sign xo*itl4 ,b ow+ to ! transf]5ce ( ! s]ies ( rul]s ( ! day-signs to ! weeks 9 ! peculi> way affect$ by ! cal5d>-mak]s1 t is1 by a g5]al %ift+ ( "o memb]1 #bji ,xo*iquetzal has be5 br\ght into association ) ! sign ce quauhtli 7"o eagle74 ,b 9 ,tell]iano-,rem5sis at ?is week ! h&-m>k #baj :i* indicates ! fea/-day prop] ( ! rul] ( ! week /&s at ! fir/ day itself--! sign ce quauhtli1 t induc$ ! cal5d>-mak]s to effect ! above-describ$ dislocation 9 ! second half ( ! li/ ( rul]s4 ,= m ?an "o reason ! day ce quauhtli mu/ really h seem$ to ! prie/ly savants specially appropriate to ! goddess ,xo*iquetzal1 & above all1 because ?is day 0 "o ( ! five :i* fell at ! beg9n+ or we/]n qu>t] ( ! tonalamatl dispos$ 9 columns ( five memb]s4 ,h5ce ^! five days 7 collectively reg>d$ z d$icat$ to ! e>?-goddesses1 & z ! days 9 :i* ! gho/ly wom5 dwell+ 9 ! we/1 ! ,ciuatete1 swoop$ d[n ^u e>?1 /rik+ ! *ildr5 ) epilepsy & beguil+ ! m5 to lu/ & s940 ,^! ,ciuatete 7 /reg1 wit*es1 succubi1 & _! *>act]i/ics1 :i* are t\*$ ^u 9 ! section deal+ ) ,tlazolteotl1 w be m fully outl9$ else:]e4 ,que*olli4--,! p ( ,tlaxcallan held a fe/ival to ,xo*iquetzal 9 ! mon? que*olli1 :5 ! ,mexicans celebrat$ ! fea/ ( ,mixcoatl4 ,at ! ,tlaxcaltec fea/ numb]s ( "y wom5 7 sacrific$ to ! goddess1 8to ! hon\r ( love10 & ! pro/itutes 7 also 9 ! habit ( (f]+ !mselves = immolation1 we are in=m$ by ,torquemada1 #baa fir/ hal+ ! 8hone/0 wom5 ?r\gh ! mire & subject+ !m to ! f\le/ abuse4 ,! ,tlalhuica1 :o liv$ 9 ! hot l&s s\? ( ,mexico1 !mselves1 l ! ,tlaxcaltecs1 a p ( ,nahua race1 held a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ,xo*iquetzal 9 ! mon? tepeilhuitl1 :i* ! ,mexicans d$icat$ to ! ,tlaloque1 gods ( ra91 z is relat$ by ! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano4 ,torquemada1 too1 #bab /ates t ! ,tlaxcaltecs sacrific$ _m *ildr5 to ,xo*iquetzal & to ! m\nta9-gods 7,tlaloque7 evid5tly at ?is season4 ,xo*iquetzal 0 also connect$ ) ! fe/ival ( ! atamalqualiztli1 celebrat$ e eight ye>s4 ,9 ! picture ( t fea/ 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 we obs]ve h] seat$ at a loom4 ,f ^! consid]ations x is manife/ t ! v]dur\s & 8wat]y0 attributes ( ! goddess connect$ h] ) ! ,tlaloque1 b t %e 0 n actually ( _! company4 ,,temples ,9 ,tlalhuica1 n f> f ,cu]navaca or ,quauhnauac1 /&s ! pyramid ( ,xo*icalco1 "o ( ! mo/ p]fect specim5s extant ( ,nahua ar*itectural skill4 ,!re is reason to believe t ,xo*iquetzal 0 orig9ally ! local deity ( "o ( ^! m\nta9s ! wat]s f :i* irrigate ! fields bel[1 #bac & x seems probable t ! teocalli ( ,xo*icalco typifi$ ?is em95ce4 ,we "k t ! teotlalpan1 or 8,place ( ,div9e ,e>?10 9 ! sacr$ prec9ct at ,mexico1 0 sacr$ to ,mixcoatl1 a deity :o 0 p]haps ( ,otomi orig91 & t x 0 probably symbolic ( a m\nta9 9 ! ,otomi c\ntry ( :i* he 0 ! presid+ deity1 s t ! probability is borne out by analogy4 ,9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,tlaxcaltecs /ood ! heights ( ,xo*tecatl1 8,goddess ( ! ,fl[]y ,l&10 a m\nta91 accord+ to ,torquemada1 ab\t six miles 9 circumf]5ce1 :i* 0 ! nucleus ( a settlem5t1 & 0 surr\nd$ by graves hewn out ( ! solid rock4 ,?is1 p]haps1 provides a full] illu/ration ( ! !ory advanc$ above4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,! orig9al home ( ,xo*iquetzal seems to h be5 among ! ,tlalhuica & ,tlaxcaltecs4 ,b z ! latt] 7 closely connect$ ) ! ,mexicans racially1 !re is good reason to believe t %e 0 also an orig9al memb] ( _! pan!on4 ,9 any case %e _h a place 9 ! metropolitan cal5d>1 & ! cont5tion ( ! compil]s ( bo? int]pretative codices1 z well z ( ! native au?or ( ! picture writ+s 9 ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas1 t %e is to be equat$ ) ,tonacaciuatl1 ! female memb] ( ! creative pair1 seems to h be5 a lat] developm5t4 ,b ,xo*iquetzal is m especially ! goddess ( fl[]s1 ! female c\nt]p>t ( ,xo*ipilli-,macuilxo*itl4 ,z has be5 m5tion$1 %e 0 probably at fir/ ! goddess :o presid$ ov] "s l(ty m\nta9 ^: /reams wat]$ ! sun-dri$ pla9s b5ea? & clo!d !m 9 abundant floresc5ce1 p]haps t v m\nta9 ( ,xo*tecatl to :i* allusion has be5 made1 & :i* /ood 9 ,tlaxcaltec t]ritory4 ,z ! 8fem99e0 ( ,xo*ipilli1 h[ev]1 %e c]ta9ly p>took ( 8 fe/ive & frivol\s "*1 & ?us presid$ ov] ! song1 ! dance1 & all sportive amusem5ts4 ,by a fur!r slight ef=t ( imag9ation %e came to be reg>d$ z ! goddess ( illicit love1 or ( ! s5su\s side ( int]c\rse betwe5 ! sexes1 n s mu* a goddess ( degrad$ animal passion1 l ,tlazolteotl1 z a figure be>+ a close resemblance to ! ,aps>asas ( ,h9du my?1 lovely & voluptu\s1 &1 l !m1 addict$ to ! game ( ?r[+ ! dice 7patolli74 ,a fur!r /ep e/abli%$ h] z ! patron goddess ( ! pro/itutes :o exi/$ = ! pleasure ( ! unm>ri$ w>riors & :o resid$ ) !m 9 ! great common h\se ( ! ba*elors4 ,f ?is circum/ance arose ! obsc5e "* ( ! fea/ ( ,que*olli among ! ,tlaxcaltecs & ! ,tepeilhuitl fe/ival among ! ,tlalhuica4 ,xo*iquetzal 0 also 9 "s measure ! patroness ( pregnant wom51 accord+ to ! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a1 & ^! wor%ipp$ & sacrific$ to h] 9 ord] t !y %\ld n give bir? to girls4 ,%e is h]self figur$ 9 ,codex ,borgia z ! great p>turi5t1 & 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b 7%eet #ci7 z has be5 indicat$ above4 ,%e _h also1 l ,xo*ipilli1 an arti/ic significance1 z ! patroness ( weav]s & arti/s4 ,%e 0 rev]$ by ! wom5 :o practis$ ! =m] art1 ! inv5tion ( sp9n+ & weav+ 0 attribut$ to h]1 & _m k9ds ( craftsm5 paid h] hon\rs4 ,%e _h1 moreov]1 a magical side to h] "*2 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl %e is seat$ opposite ! danc+ wiz>d1 & %e is fur!rmore "o ( ! ,tzitzimim1 or deities ( ! d>ksome night1 among :om %e is symboliz$ by ! spid]4 ,,macuilxo*itl 8,,five ,,fl[]10 ,,or ,,xo*ipilli 8,,fl[] ,,pr9ce0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,tehuacan1 ,cozcatlan1 ,teotitlan del ,cam9o1 ,oaxaca1 ,mexico4 ,m9or ,names3 ,auia teotl 8,god ( ,pleasure40 ,mazatl 8,de]40 ,auiatl 8,! ,jovial40 ,symbol3 ,! sign five-fl[]4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! elev5? day-sign1 ozomatli4 ,sev5? ( ! ?irte5 day-lords4 ,rul] ( ! tw5tie? day-c\nt1 xo*itl4 ,fe/ival3 ,! ,xo*ilhuitl 78,fea/ ( ,fl[]s071 "o ( ! movable fea/s4 ,compass ,directions3 ,s\?2 ,we/4 ,relation%ip3 ,bro!r ( ,ixlilton2 son ( ,piltz9tecutli4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia 7z ,macuilxo*itl7 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #ae3 ,9 ?is place ! god we>s z brea/-ornam5t a human l[] jaw1 :i*1 comb9$ ) ! gre5 b& to :i* x is ti$ up1 may possibly express ! day-c\nt mal9alli4 ,he has a l>ge fea!r nape-ornam5t4 ,! upp] "p ( 8 face is :ite1 ) a d>k b& ov] ! nose & *eek1 & :ite pa9t+ ov] ! m\?1 9 ! semblance ( an outspread h&4 ,he we>s a cap ) v]tically project+ b&s pa9t$ 9 ! col\rs ( ! gre5 jewel *al*ihuitl4 ,sahagun ,,ms4--,"h he is repres5t$ ) a :ite h& pa9t$ on 8 m\? & a fea!r cr[n surm\nt$ by a cre/4 ,g5]al4--,l ! o!r gods ( dance & sport1 ,macuilxo*itl we>s ! f\r balls ( ! t\alli emblem on 8 %ield & sometimes c>ries ! /aff ) ! he>t4 ,l ,ixtlilton1 he _h probably once a bird's-head mask1 :i* 9 ! c\rse ( 8 evolution deg5]at$ into a fea!r cre/ & a w+ on 8 back4 ,! det]ioration ( ?is feature c be obs]v$ 9 ! /one effigies ( 8 c\nt]p>t ,xo*ipilli4 ,,/atues ,a /one figure ( ,macuilxo*itl f\nd 9 ,cu]navaca repres5ts ! god seat$ 9 a squatt+ attitude1 & x is evid5tly int5d$ to %[ him z an onlook] at ! ball-game4 ,he we>s a po9t$ headdress or mitre1 on ! top ( :at w\ld seem to be a cotton head-cov]+4 ,a head ( ! god 9 /one is includ$ 9 ! collection ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum at ,vi5na4 ,9 ?is ! nose-plug is prom95t & he we>s r\nd e>r+s4 ,! w+-ornam5t /&s well out beh9d ! head & ! face seems to look out ( a bird helmet-mask1 on bo? sides ( :i* are l>ge1 circul> holes1 ?r\gh :i* fea!rs or cotton e>-plugs fall4 ,! difficulty ( work+ 9 /one has evid5tly re/ra9$ ! sculptor f repres5t+ ! upp] & l[] portions ( ! bird's beak1 & ! helmet-mask be>s a /rong resemblance to t ( ,xo*ipilli 9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano1 if ! beak 9 t repres5tation 7 remov$4 ,a /atue ( ! god f\nd 9 ! ,calle de las ,escal]illas 9 ,mexico ,city on ,decemb] #ac1 #aijj1 is almo/ id5tical ) ! fir/ ( ^? two /atues1 & agrees ) ! second 9 t "h we h ! circul> holes at ! side ( ! headdress ) ! dep5d5t fea!rs or cotton plug4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ! repres5tations ( ?is god1 h[ev]1 is ! clay model f\nd by ,sel] at ,teotitlan del ,cam9o4 ,x repres5ts ,macuilxo*itl 9 a sitt+ position & is brilliantly col\r$4 ,! face ( ! god looks out ( a bird helmet-mask1 highly conv5tionaliz$1 & :i* has practically lo/ all its birdlike *>act]i/ics4 ,! two circul> holes bel[ ! e> are1 h[ev]1 /ill repres5t$4 ,! upp] "p ( ! face is pa9t$ yell[1 b "u ea* eye is an oblong pat* pa9t$ 9 v>iegat$ col\rs1 su* z appe>s on ! faces ( ! gods ( gra94 ,ar\nd ! m\? is a l>ge :ite pat*1 9 :i* we may see ! :ite h& motif conv5tionaliz$4 ,! body-pa9t is r$ & ! g>m5t :ite1 except t portion at ! neck1 :i* is blue4 ,small gold5 bells adorn ! necklace & wri/lets4 ,9 ?is /atuette we h evid5tly a v late & highly develop$ figure ( ! deity1 %[+ a consid]able dep>ture f ! e>li] draw+s & /atues ( him4 ,9 ! ,an?ropological ,museum at ,b]l9 is a /one /atue ( ,macuilxo*itl1 also 9 a squatt+ attitude1 9 :i* ! circul> motif above ! e>1 ) its accompany+ plug1 is /rongly 9 evid5ce4 ,a numb] ( /one /atuettes ( ! god 7 f\nd at ,tepeaca 9 ! /ate ( ,puebla & are n[ h\s$ 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum at ,vi5na4 ,^! d n diff] f ! examples already describ$1 save t 9 "o ( !m ! ,greek fret-patt]n takes ! place ( ! circul> e>-plug motif4 ,a /one figure ( ! god 0 f\nd amid ! ru9s ( ! ,ca/illo de ,teayo1 a teocalli1 or pyramid1 9 ,v]a ,cruz4 ,9 ?is1 :i* is also a squatt+ figure1 ! god is cov]$ by a mantle :i* is surm\nt$ by ! bird's comb1 z se5 9 ,magliabec*iano & else:]e4 ,ar\nd ! head are ?ree ( ! circul> holes above m5tion$1 "o above ea* e> & "o at ! back ( ! head1 f :i* dep5d a d\ble /rip ( cotton or o!r textile4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia 7z ,xo*ipilli7 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #bf3 ,9 ?is ,,ms4 ! god is pa9t$ a light yell[ col\r4 ,8 light hair is b\nd ) a jewell$ /rap ornam5t$ on ! frontal side ) a conv5tional bird's head4 ,r\nd 8 head he also we>s ! fillet ( ! ,sun-god1 ornam5t$ ) a fea!r tuft4 ,z a brea/ ornam5t he has a l>ge gold disk susp5d$ f a broad gold *a91 hung ) bells4 ,8 "r h& clasps a bundle ( grass1 & 9 8 left he be>s a /aff embelli%$ ) turquoise mosaic & fl[]s1 probably int5d$ = a rattle-/ick4 ,above ! twilight symbol ( ! we/ 9 ! wat] are in/rum5ts ( mortification4 ,on %eet #cb he is repres5t$ z ( a blue col\r ) a jewell$ *a9 9 front ( 8 m\?4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,! description ( ! god 9 ?is ,,ms4 is simil> to t j giv54 ,9 8 h& he supports a di% ) ornam5ts1 a bangle = ! upp] arm1 a fea!r tuft & a neck-*a94 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #ac3 ,9 ?is codex he is se5 seat$ on a royal ?rone4 ,8 body & ! l[] "p ( 8 face are col\r$ r$1 ! upp] facial region is pa9t$ yell[1 b conta9s a small1 rectangul> field1 half-r$ & half-:ite1 :ile r\nd ! m\? is execut$ a butt]fly design1 aft] ! mann] ( ,tonacatecutli & ! maize-gods4 ,8 blue e>-plug has a jewell$ ?ong dep5d5t f x1 & 8 nose-plug is reproduc$ 9 ! col\rs ( ! *al*ihuitl jewel4 ,on 8 head he we>s ! /rap decorat$ by two l>ge jewell$ disks4 ,on ! frontal side is ! /]eotyp$ bird-ornam5t1 :ile f ! :ole1 f\r ends bran* (f4 ,surm\nt+ ?is repres5tation is ! symbol ( ! night-sky1 ! dusk-envelop$ eye4 ,8 nape-ornam5t consi/s ( r$ & :ite fea!rs bl5d$ toge!r4 ,on 8 brea/ is a l>ge disk ( gold1 secur$ by /r+s ( gre5/one beads4 ,8 lo9-clo? is adorn$ ) jewell$ disks1 & to ! back-b[ is fa/5$ a coxcoxtli bird's head1 :i* s]ves z a 8mirror-tail10 or back-mirror4 ,a portion ( ! ends ( 8 lo9-clo? is col\r$ l ! *al*ihuitl jewel4 ,9 front ( 8 m\? is a fl[] f :i* two jewell$ ?ongs project4 ,codex ,magliabec*iano4--,! mantles worn by ,xo*ipilli are allud$ to 9 ! ,,ms4 :i* accompanies ! pa9t+s 9 ?is codex z 8mantas de un selo seor o de ,c9co ,rosas y manta de ,c9co ,rosas0 7see %eets #e & #f74 ,!re is also a picture ( him on %eet #dg4 ,! figure on ! r$ quemitl :i* he we>s is simil> to t worn on %eet #bj ( ,codex ,borbonicus by ! god ,c9teotl1 & is1 p]haps1 a butt]fly motif4 ,,/atues ,/one effigies ( ,xo*ipilli 7 set up 9 ! tla*tli c\rts4 ,9 ! ,museo ,naional at ,mexico !re is a /one /atue ( ! god :i* repres5ts him z sitt+ cross-legg$1 z if wat*+ ! ball-game4 ,he we>s ! mask ( a play] or danc]4 ,by ! aid ( su* /atues ( ,xo*ipilli1 :i* are f\nd 9 consid]able numb]s all ov] ! ea/]n ,mexican slope1 ! transition f ! bird-helmet to ! rudim5t>y cre/ may be /udi$4 #bad ,,my? ,! only my?ical matt] ( importance conc]n+ ,macuilxo*itl or ,xo*ipilli is ! n9ete5? song 9 ! ,sahagun collection1 :i* is z foll[s #bae3 ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,god ,,( ,,music ,,& ,,games ,out ( ! place ( fl[]s ,i come1 ,prie/ ( ! ,sunset1 ,"l ( ! ,twilight4 ,i come ev5 n[1 my gr&dam1 ,?\ ( ! ?igh-sk9 face-pa9t+1 ,lady ( ! ,sunset1 ,i1 prie/ ( ! ,sunset1 ,"l ( ! ,twilight4 ,! god ( evil om5s1 ,! "l ,tezcatlipoc1 ,%all answ] to me1 ! ,maize-god4 ,9 ! temple ( ! octli-god ,! rabbit has come to life aga94 ,x runs ab\t4 ,by my god 0 x creat$4 ,i w br+ d[n ! fire-drill1 fire w ,i twirl ,on ! m\nta9 ( ,mixcoatl 9 ,culhuacan4 ,rais+ my voice1 ,i /rike ! little mirror2 ,! little mirror has gr[n weak ,9 ! temple ( ! octli-god4 ,! :ite hair gr[s moi/1 ,ripe has ! octli become4 ,i w endeav\r to elucidate ! above /rophes1 ! obscurity ( :i* is app>5t4 ,! god decl>es t he comes f ,tamoan*an1 ! my?ical p>adise ( fl[]s & vegetation 9 ! we/1 & t he is ! prie/ ( ! sunset & "l ( ! twilight1 bo? ( :i* are *>act]i/ic ( t region4 ,he invokes 8 "m1 or gr&mo!r1 ,tlazolteotl1 by names ) :i* h] wor%ipp]s 7 famili>4 ,he w>ns ,tezcatlipoc t he has ! p[] to av]t 8 evil om5s1 probably by means ( m]rim5t & c>\s+4 ,! rabbit 0 ! ,mexican symbol ( intoxication by octli4 ,?is /rophe reg>d+ x comes1 z x 71 f ! wor%ipp]1 :o /ates t 8 god ,macuilxo*itl or ,xo*ipilli has creat$ or re-creat$ ! rabbit1 or _s ( ! octli bev]age4 ,sahagun calls ,xo*ipilli a god ( fire1 & we "k t he 0 associat$ ) ! sacrificial fire-drill1 :i* 0 also ! symbol ( sexual union & lic5ce4 ,sel] ?9ks t ?is song %[s 8! relation :i* exi/s betwe5 ! pulque 7octli7 ga!r+s1 ! deity ( fea/s & ! fire-drill40 #baf ,,fe/ivals ,xo*ilhuitl4--,( ! fea/ ( fl[]s ov] :i* ?is god presid$ ,sahagun says3 8,! great folk made a fea/1 danc+ & s++ 9 hon\r ( ?is sign1 decorat+ !mselves ) _! fea!rs & all _! gr&eur = ! areyto4 ,at ?is fea/ ! k+ be/[$ hon\rs ^u w>riors1 musicians1 & c\rti]s40 ,he /ates 7,lib4 ,,ii1 ,app5dix c1 xix73 8,!y made ea* ye> 9 8 hon\r a fea/ call$ xo*ilhuitl4444 ,dur+ ! f\r days :i* prec$$ ?is fea/ all ^? :o 7 to take "p 9 x1 m5 z well z wom51 obs]v$ a rigor\s fa/2 & if dur+ t p]iod a man _h comm]ce ) a woman or a woman ) a man1 !y held t ! fa/ 0 soil$2 t ! god held x = a high (f5ce1 & t he w\ld visit ! (f5d]s ) maladies 9 _! privy p>ts4444 ,be=e ! fea/ ev]yone depriv$ himself ( ! use ( *illi pepp]4 ,!y f$ ^u a k9d ( bro? call$ tlalcuilolatolli1 :i* is to say1 #8bro? decorat$ ) a fl[] 9 ! middle4'444 ,^? :o fa/$ )\t ! use ( *illi or o!r sav\ry ?+s1 ate only once a day at midday40 ,^? :o did n fa/ ate f]m5t$ bread4 ,! p ornam5t$ !mselves ) ! symbols ( ! gods 8z if !y aspir$ to repres5t _! images10 & danc$ & sang to ! s\nd ( ! drum4 ,at midday !y behead$ a great numb] ( quails & made (f]+s ( _! blood be=e ! image ( ! god4 ,!y also pi]c$ _! e>s 9 8 pres5ce4 ,o!rs pi]c$ ! tongue ) ! sp9es ( ! maguey1 & pass$ ?r\gh x a great numb] ( osi] re$s4 ,ano!r c]emony consi/$ ( mak+ five tamalli 7cakes7 ( maize1 :i* !y call$ 8fa/+ bread40 ,^! 7 plac$ b5ea? an arr[ call$ xo*imitl 78fl[]-d>t07 & 7 (f]$ to ! idol z f ! :ole community4 ,^? :o wi%$ to make a sep>ate (f]+ gave ! god five tamalli ^u a wood5 platt]1 & *ilmolli s\p 9 a vase4 ,maize 9 all %apes & =ms 0 also (f]$ up4 ,on ! same day all ! great folk 9 ,mexico :o liv$ ne> ! fronti]s ( an enemy br\ght ! slaves :om !y _h captur$ to ! capital = sacrifice4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,?is god appe>s to h _h a highly develop$ cult among ! peoples ( ,tehuacan1 ,cozcatlan1 & ,teotitlan del ,cam9o4 ,he is prim>ily a god ( fl[]s & food1 t is ( abundance1 & z su* he equates ) ! god ,c9teotl1 ) :om "s ( ! sacr$ hymns ev5 seem to conf\nd him4 ,b !re are /rong reasons :y he %\ld n be :olly id5tifi$ ) ,c9teotl1 z ,sel] attempts to d1 & z ! ,mexicans c]ta9ly did n d1 unless 9 lat] times4 7,see ,c9teotl47 ,x may be1 h[ev]1 t he 0 orig9ally a god ( vegetation1 :o lat] became m especially a god ( fl[]s1 ! cult ( :i* 0 "o p>ticul>ly fav\r$ by ! p ( ,mexico4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 !re is no d\bt t ! joy\s & sportive side ( ! god develop$ at ! exp5se ( all o!rs1 & we f9d ,sahagun speak+ ( him "u 8 two names z 8! god ( ^? :o s]v$ = ! amusem5t or pa/ime ( ! great40 #bag ,he is1 inde$1 ! god ( m]rim5t1 ( dance & sport1 ( ! ball-game1 ! je/] or buffoon1 & moreov] presides ov] ! gambl+ game ( patolli1 :i* he is se5 patroniz+ 9 ! ,magliabec*iano ,,ms4 ,accord+ to ,jac9to de la ,s]na1 he is ! god ( ! great gambl]s :o fritt]$ away _! sub/ance4 ,z ! god ( sport he is frequ5tly repres5t$ by ! ape1 ! bea/ ( mimicry & div]sion4 ,b he _h also a m wor?y side1 = to arti/s ( all k9ds1 pa9t]s1 weav]s1 & musicians 9 especial1 he /ood z ! patron ( all arti/ic ef=t1 & ^? engag$ 9 x celebrat$ _! wor%ip ( him at ! xo*ilhuitl fe/ival4 ,sev]al ( ! mantle designs 9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano indicate t z a fl[]-god he 0 n =gott5 by ! weav]s' ca/e4 ,he has associations ) sev]al o!r gods besides ,c9teotl1 especially ) ,ixtlilton 7q4v471 :o is spok5 ( z 8 bro!r1 & ) ! ,ciuatete1 or deceas$ w>rior wom51 probably because z a food-god he 0 suppos$ to come f ! we/1 ! place ( pl5ty1 :]e !y resid$1 or1 m likely1 because ( ! hung] = e>?ly excitem5t display$ by ^! pleasure-/>v$ dead wom51 deb>r$ f ! s5su\s delights ( e>?4 ,8 connection ) ! octli-gods z ! god ( m]rim5t & abundance ( victuals & fe/ive good ?+s is pla92 & he is v naturally ! male c\nt]p>t ( ! goddess ,xo*iquetzal 7q4v474 ,z hail+ f a locality :]e planet>y my?ology 0 9 an advanc$ condition1 & :]e ! wor%ip ( ! morn+ /> 0 practis$1 he may h _h an a/ronomic significance1 b :at ?is 0 precisely is by no means cle>4 ,we probably assess 8 nature correctly if we allude to him z a god ( pleasure1 fea/1 & frivolity4 ,,xipe ,,totec 8,,our ,,"l ,,! ,,flay$0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,plateau ( ,anahuac1 ,zapotecs1 ,yopis4 ,m9or ,names3 ,tlaltecutli 8,"l ( ! ,e>?40 ,anauatl yteuc 8,"l ( ! ,seabo>d40 ,tlatauhqui ,tezcatlipoc 8,! ,r$ ,tezcatlipoc40 ,itztapaltotec 8,our ,"l ( ! ,flat ,/one40 ,y\allauan 8,night ,dr9k]40 ,symbol3 ,9 ,codex ,borgia a quail ) its head torn (f seems symbolical ( ?is god4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,"l ( ! fifte5? day1 quauhtli1 & ( ! f\rte5? week1 ce itzcu9tli2 ) ! ,fire-god1 "l ( ! tw5tie? tonalamatl division1 ce to*tli4 ,fe/ival3 ,tlacaxipeuliztli4 ,compass ,direction3 ,we/4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #ib3 ,xipe is depict$ 9 ?is codex z clo!d 9 ! flay$ sk9 ( ! sacrific$ human victim1 :i*1 aft] ! dreadful rite1 0 drawn ov] ! prie/'s body & worn = a numb] ( days4 ,! slit eyes ( ! mask he we>s %[s t ?is also is compos$ ( human sk94 ,he we>s a nasal rod & plate hav+ ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! peculi> peak$ cap ) :i* he is sometimes repres5t$4 ,! ends ( 8 lo9-clo? are slit & col\r$ :ite & r$4 ,%eet #fb4 ,z rul] ( ! f\rte5? tonalamatl division & god ( ! fifte5? day-c\nt1 ,xipe is repres5t$ on ?is %eet z a r$ ,tezcatlipoc4 ,! limbless body is r$1 ! co/ume ( ! same col\r1 b ) a face-mask ( yell[1 t9t$ to repres5t dead human fle%1 ) ! *apfall5 jaw ( ! dead1 n>r[ slit eyes1 z on %eet #ib1 & a r$ /reak runn+ ov] ! eye1 ! full l5g? ( ! face1 indicative1 p]haps1 ( ! place :]e ! op]ation ( flay+ 0 comm5c$4 ,"h ! nose-cap is also rem9isc5t ( ,xipe's peculi> peak$ cap1 its ends especially resembl+ ^? ( t headdress4 ,two r$ & :ite b&s1 ! col\rs ( ! roseate spoonbill1 dep5d f ! e>4 ,! hair is b\nd by a fillet on :i* are tw9 ornam5ts ( dull gold1 & above ?is rise two r[s ( quetzal fea!rs4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,a4--,plate xiv1 ,duc de ,l\bat's reproduction3 ,z a back-device he we>s ! ?ree bann]s :i* are also %[n ( him 9 ! picture 9 ,duran's collection4 ,z god ( ! f\rte5? tonalamatl division1 he holds a %ield1 bann]1 & a bundle ( spe>s1 :ile half ( 8 %ield is pa9t$ 9 d>k & light r$ r+s4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #di3 ,9 ! ,codex ,borgia1 ,xipe is %[n 9 8 "* ( ! patron god ( ! w>rior's dea? by combat1 or ! /one ( sacrifice4 ,he we>s a wig made f ! d[ny fea!rs ( ! eagle1 :i*1 h[ev]1 does n altoge!r conceal 8 flame-col\r$ hair1 two =elocks ( :i* recall ! hairdress+ ( ,tlauizcalpantecutli1 ! god ( ! planet ,v5us4 ,und]nea? is %[n 8 small petticoat or apron ( gre5 zapote leaves4 ,f 8 m\? protrudes a d\ble-jewell$ /r+1 :i*1 p]haps1 signifies ! f]tiliz+ ra91 = z god ( human sacrifice he has a connection ) ! gods ( f]tility4 ,he is simil>ly repres5t$ on %eet #be1 :]e he is also %[n z rul] ( ! f\rte5? tonalamatl division1 & ! picture inde$ be>s a close resemblance to t 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 except t 8 brea/-ornam5t1 c>v$ f a snail-%ell1 is atta*$ to 8 v>iegat$ fea!r necklace4 ,9 ?is place he also we>s a fea!r wig ) a r$ cre/ made ( ! plumes ( ! roseate spoonbill1 alt]nat+ ) *al*ihuitls on lea!r & ! heads ( rattle-/icks4 ,image ( ,xipe f\nd at ,ca/illo de ,teayo1 %[+ him dress$ 9 ! sk9 ( ! sacrific$ victim4 ,codex ,borgia ,gr\p ,g5]ally4--,9 ?is gr\p g5]ally ,xipe /&s z ! repres5tative ( ! sign ( ! day quauhtli4 ,8 insignia are ! same z ^? ( ! r$ ,tezcatlipoc1 ) /rip$ face-pa9t+1 b execut$ 9 r$ & yell[ )\t ! human sk91 or o!r special *>act]i/ics1 & decorat$ only ) ! w>rior's headdress & ,tezcatlipoc's r+-%ap$ brea/-ornam5t4 ,! head & neck are cov]$ ) clo?1 on :i* are /uck d[ny fea!r-balls4 ,he holds 9 "s places a sev]$ arm1 :i* he appe>s to be smell+ or ab\t to dev\r4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,9 ?is codex ,xipe is repres5t$ z ,tezcatlipoc1 & has ! face-pa9t+ ( ! r$ phase ( t god1 ) ! smok+ mirror at 8 temple1 ! *>act]i/ic :ite r+1 & ! peculi> =m ( fea!r back-ornam5t1 :i* is to be se5 9 "s o!r ,tezcatlipoc pictures ( ?is codex4 ,b he we>s on 8 head-fillet1 in/ead ( jewell$ disks1 an ornam5t ( beat5 gold1 ! cr[n ( roseate spoonbill fea!rs1 ! ends ( ! b&s %ap$ 9 swall[-tail$ fa%ion1 & o!r insignia p]ta9+ to 8 own regul> dress4 ,! quetzalcomitl on 8 back c>ries a bann] pa9t$ 9 light & d>k r$1 8 especial col\rs1 & he also be>s a %ield pa9t$ 9 light & d>k r$ conc5tric circles4 ,9 ?is codex he holds a fire-pan1 pa9t$ ) l>ge pat*es ( rubb] gum1 9 :i* is ins]t$ ! rattle-/ick ) ,xipe's b&s & loops col\r$ r$ & :ite1 or light r$ & d>k r$ ) bifurcat$ ends4 ,vi5na ,codex4--,xipe is repres5t$ "h 9 ! flay$ human sk9 & designat$ by ! date 8,sev5 ,ra940 ,codex ,nuttall 7,z\*e74--,%eet #hc3 ,9 ?is codex !re is a good repres5tation ( ! god1 especially z reg>ds 8 headdress4 ,he is depict$ z ! w>rior secur$ to ! /one ( combat1 ^: eye %$s te>s at ! ?\ght ( approa*+ dea?1 & he be>s 9 8 h&s ! btons ) :i* ! milit>y victims def5d$ !mselves aga9/ _! adv]s>ies 7see ,fe/ival74 ,sahagun ,,ms4--,?is describes him z hav+ a br[n face cov]$ ) ! fea!rs ( ! quail1 & ) op5 lips 7*apfall5 jaw874 ,8 cr[n has p>t$ ends1 & he we>s a wig ( curl$ fea!rs4 ,he has gold5 e>-plugs4 ,r\nd ! hips he has a woman's %ort skirt ( zapote leaves1 & %ells decorate 8 feet4 ,8 %ield is r$1 ) conc5tric circles1 & he c>ries a rattle-/aff4 ,,masks1 ,,vases1 ,,etc4 ,! well-kn[n mask ( ,xipe 9 ! ,briti% ,museum repres5ts ! mask ( ! sacrific$ victim4 ,on ! back or inside1 ! c>v+ ( ! god %[s him we>+ 8 full insignia1 ) ! peculi> headdress & rattle-/aff4 ,ano!r mask ( ,xipe 9 ! ,bau] collection is ( a mo/ individual "*4 ,x 0 f\nd ne> ,tezcuco1 & be>s bo? w9d & s]p5t symbols4 ,on a /one at ,cu]navaca is incis$ a good repres5tation ( ! %ield1 d>ts1 & flag ( ,xipe1 ) date ce ocelotl 78"o ocelot074 ,on a cup 9 ! ,aldana collection ,xipe is se5 we>+ ! flay$ sk91 ) a necklace1 evid5tly ( inte/9es4 ,8 hair is dress$ 9 a mann] resembl+ t affect$ by ! w>rior ca/e1 & he c>ries ! rattle-/aff4 ,,/atues ,repres5tations ( ,xipe 9 /atu>y are consid]ably num]\s4 ,sev]al f\nd 9 ! ,valley ( ,mexico are h\s$ 9 ! ,uhde collection1 ,b]l94 ,two ( ^! repres5t ! god z we>+ ! victim's flay$ sk9 & "o ( !m is pitt$ ) m>ks1 evid5tly indicative ( blood-spots4 ,! cr[n ) fea!rs ( ! roseate spoonbill is well exemplifi$ 9 "o ( ^!1 b 9 ! o!r a mitre-l headdress sup]impos$ ^u a circul> cr[n1 f :i* dep5d l>ge ribbons or pap] ornam5ts1 is noticeable4 ,9 ano!r ( ^! figures ! headdress is a sort ( b>ret-cap ) knobs or /uds4 ,/ill ano!r figure ( ! same class %[s ! god ) a v l>ge /epp$ nose-ornam5t4 ,all c>ry a rattle-/aff & ?ree be> a %ield4 ,a mo/ /rik+ /atue ( ,xipe 0 discov]$ at ! ,ca/illo de ,teayo site1 at ,v]a ,cruz4 ,! head1 :i* is r\nd & bullet-%ap$1 be>s an extraord9>y resemblance to t ( ! well-kn[n ,egyptian figure ( ! ,%eik-el-,bel$ 9 ! ,b\laq ,museum4 ,9 ?is /atue ! god we>s ! sk9 ( ! victim1 & ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 ti$ on to ! prie/ is well illu/rat$ by ! knott+ at ! back4 ,! faces1 ( c\rse1 are masks ( ! sacrific$ victim4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,xipe',s ,,insignia ,al?\gh ,xipe is s frequ5tly portray$ z possess+ ! outw>d *>act]i/ics ( a r$ ,tezcatlipoc1 few ( ! ,mexican deities possess insignia s individual1 or s ri* 9 manifold elem5ts4 ,! ,xipe dress 0 a fav\rite "o ) ,mexican k+s & milit>y *iefta9s1 &1 9 ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a1 ,k+ ,motecuhzoma ,,ii is repres5t$ z we>+ ! co/ume on ! occasion ( 8 victory ov] ,toluca4 ,tezozomoc also /ates t ,axayacatl wore ?is dress1 #bah & on ! eve ( a fi]ce engagem5t ,tlacauepan1 bro!r ( ,motecuhzoma1 donn$ x at ! latt]'s special reque/4 ,! elem5ts ( ,xipe's co/ume are z foll[s #bai3 7#a7 ,! pa9t$ cr[n ( fea!rs ( ! roseate spoonbill1 ) bifurcat$ ends4 7#b7 ,! gild$ timbrel4 7#c7 ,! jacket ( spoonbill fea!rs4 7#d7 ,! petticoat or apron ( zapote leaves1 ov]lapp+ ea* o!r l tiles4 7#e7 ,! jagu> or ocelot-sk9 scabb>d4 7#f7 ,! r\nd %ield cov]$ ) r$ spoonbill fea!rs1 %[+ conc5tric circles ( d>k] t9ts1 sometimes noticeably bisect$1 "o-half ( :i* is aga9 subdivid$ obliquely into a small] upp] portion conta9+ a *al*ihuitl on a blue field1 & a l>g] l[] portion1 cov]$ ) jagu> or ocelot-sk94 ,xipe's dress has ?ree =ms3 7#a7 ,t ( ! r$ god1 ( ! col\r ( ! roseate spoonbill4 7#b7 ,t ( ! blue god1 ( ! col\r ( ! blue cot+a4 7#c7 ,z a jagu> or ocelot4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says ( ,xipe3 8,among/ ^? :o began to foll[ ! example ( ,quetzalcoatl & 8 au/]ities by _! own acts ( p5ance1 ,totec is v fam\s1 :o1 on acc\nt ( 8 hav+ be5 a great s9n]1 fir/ /ood 9 ! h\se ( sorr[ call$ ,tlaxipu*icalco1 :]e1 hav+ complet$ 8 p5ance1 he asc5d$ ! m\nta9 ,catcitepulz 7#8! m\nta9 :i* speaks'71 :i* m\nta9 0 cov]$ ) ?orns4 ,!re cont9u+ 8 p5ance1 he cri$ f !nce v /rongly1 reprov+ 8 p ( ,tulan1 call+ to !m to come & d p5ance ) him = ! enorm\s guilt :i* !y _h incurr$ 9 =gett+ ! s]vices & sacrifices ( _! gods & hav+ ab&on$ !mselves s mu* to pleasure4 ,!y say t ,totec 0 accu/om$ to g ab\t clo!d 9 a human sk9 & s x has be5 ! cu/om till ^? times4 ,9 ! fe/ivals1 likewise1 :i* !y celebrat$ to ,totec1 m5 clo!d !mselves 9 ! sk9s ( ^? :om !y _h sla9 9 w> & 9 ?is mann] danc$ & celebrat$ ! fe/ival ( ! sign d$icat$ to him 7= f him1 !y say1 w>s orig9at$71 & accord+ly !y pa9t him ) ^! insignia1 viz4 a lance1 bann]1 & %ield4 ,!y hold him 9 ! utmo/ v5]ation1 = !y say t he 0 ! fir/ :o op5$ to !m ! way to heav52 = !y 7 "u ?is error among/ o!rs2 !y suppos$ t only ^? :o di$ 9 w> w5t to heav51 z we h already said4 ,:il/ ,totec /ill cont9u$ do+ p5ance1 prea*+ & cry+ f ! top ( ! m\nta9 :i* has be5 nam$1 !y pret5d t he dream$ ?is night t he beheld a horrible figure ) its b[els protrud+1 :i* 0 ! cause ( ! great abom9ation ( 8 p4 ,on ?is1 pray+ to 8 god to reveal to him :at ! figure signifi$1 he answ]$ t x 0 ! s9 ( 8 p1 & t he %\ld issue an ord] to ! p1 & cause !m all to be assembl$1 *>g+ !m to br+ ?ick ropes1 & to b9d t mis]able spectre1 z x 0 ! cause ( all _! s9s1 & t1 dragg+ x away1 !y %\ld remove x f ! p1 :o1 giv+ fai? to ! words ( ,totec1 7 by him conduct$ to a c]ta9 wild place1 :]e !y f\nd ! figure ( dea?1 :i*1 hav+ b\nd1 !y dragg$ x to a di/ance1 & draw+ x backw>ds1 !y fell all into a cavity betwe5 ! two m\nta9s1 :i* clos$ toge!r1 & !re !y h rema9$ buri$ ev] s9ce2 none ( !m hav+ effect$ _! escape1 ) ! exception ( ! innoc5t *ildr5 :o rema9$ 9 ,tulan40 ,a few l9es f>!r on ! int]pret] says3 8,! two ma/]s ( p5ance 7 ,quetzalcoatle & ,totec1 :o 0 call$ by ano!r "n1 ,*ipe2 :o1 hav+ tak5 ! *ildr5 & ! innoc5t p :o rema9$ 9 ,tulan1 proce$$ ) !m1 peopl+ ! _w1 & collect+ along ) !m o!r p :om !y *anc$ to f9d4 ,!y fur!r add t1 j\rney+ 9 ?is mann] ) ^! p1 !y arriv$ at a c]ta9 m\nta91 :i* n be+ able to pass1 !y feign t !y bor$ a subt]ranean way ?r\gh x & s pass$4 ,o!rs say t !y rema9$ %ut up & t !y 7 trans=m$ into /ones1 & o!r su* fables40 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is my? is1 ( c\rse1 m]ely tiological ( ! practice ( mak+ v[s to ,xipe to capture & immolate an enemy 9 8 hon\r1 z1 we %all see 9 ! p>agraph deal+ ) 8 fe/ivals1 0 done on t occasion4 ,b ,i w\ld po9t out t x possesses "s importance z provid+ fur!r evid5ce reg>d+ ! exi/5ce ( ! ascetic life 9 ,mexico1 mo/ ( ! my?s deal+ ) :i*1 l t "u discussion1 are connect$ ) ! ,toltecs1 ! p ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,xipe1 :o plays ! "p ( ! ,toltec ,j]emiah1 is "h ! subject ( a tale :i* is also rec\nt$ ( ,tezcatlipoc1 ) :om he is frequ5tly conf\nd$ or id5tifi$1 p]haps because bo? 7 great gods ( ! sacrificial /one1 or = ! reason t practically all ,mexican cults t5d$ to gravitate t[>ds ,tezcatlipoc 9 late times4 ,t portion ( ! /ory :i* details ! burial en masse ( ! ,toltecs is1 ( c\rse1 ! widespread tale ( ! disappe>ance ( ! old h]o-race und]gr\nd--! fate :i* ov]took ,*>lemagne & 8 pe]s1 ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8! auld ,picts0 at ,ar?ur's ,seat1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 ,b>b>ossa & 8 m51 & _m ano!r gr\p ( palad9s4 ,! :ole may allude1 9 ! ultimate1 to m\nd-burial4 ,x is /range too--or q natural1 z we believe 91 or d\bt1 ! p5etration ( ,am]ica by ali5 influ5ces--to f9d 9 ,mexico an incomplete v>iant ( ! leg5d ( ! ,pi$ ,pip] ( ,hamel94 ,i %\ld n be surpris$ to f9d t ,xipe pip$ ! ,toltec *ildr5 into ! ,und]world1 = ,tezcatlipoc1 ) :om he 0 id5tifi$1 or at lea/ ! captive :o repres5t$ t god at ! ,toxcatl fe/ival1 & :o _h a ye> ( m]rim5t 9 :i* to prep>e himself = 8 fate1 w5t ?r\gh ! city at int]vals1 play+ ^u a flute4 ,?is almo/ univ]sal my? may allude to ! anci5t belief t ! s\ls ( ! dead travell$ ) ! w9d1 & 7 ! cause ( its sigh+ & :i/l+4 #bbj ,we "k1 too1 t ! :i/l+ ( ! night w9d ?r\gh ! m\nta9s 0 reg>d$ by ! ,mexicans z ( evil om51 & t ,yoalli ,eecatl 7,! ,w9d ( ,night7 0 "o ( ! names ( ,tezcatlipoc4 #bba ,! foll[+ song f ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 is 9 celebration ( ,xipe3 ,:]e=e do/ ?\ disguise ?yself1 ,o ,night-dr9k]8 ,put on ?y gold5 g>m5t4 ,o my god1 ?y ri* sacrificial wat] desc5d$2 ,! l(ty cypress tree has become a quetzal2 ,t :i* 0 a s]p5t has become a quetzal4 ,! fire-s]p5t1 ! fam9e1 has left me4 ,x may be t ,i %all g !nce to p]i%1 ,i1 ! "y maize-plant4 ,my he>t is l a *al*ihuitl2 ,b ,i %all yet see gold 9 t place4 ,i %all be satisfi$ :5 ,i c say ,! w>rior *ief is born4 ,let ! maize be ready 9 abundance1 ,o my god4 ,i look t[>ds ?y m\nta91 ,i1 :o wor%ip !e4 ,i w be satisfi$ ,:5 ! maize rip5s1 ,:5 ! w>rior *ief is born4 ,i believe ! god to h be5 call$ 8,night-dr9k]0 f ! circum/ance t1 9 ! belief ( c]ta9 b>b>\s peoples1 vegetation is m greatly assi/$ 9 its gr[? by night ?an by day1 t x 8dr9ks10 or is saturat$ by1 ! mi/s & vap\rs ( ! night season1 :i* are believ$ to emanate f ! moon4 #bbb ,inde$1 dew is believ$ to be caus$ by ! moon1 #bbc :i* is reg>d$ z ! great s\rce ( all moi/ure1 z ! sun is ! great s\rce ( all heat4 #bbd ,xipe is "h entreat$ by ! "y maize-plant to don 8 gold5 g>m5t1 ! ra91 z1 inde$1 "o translation ( ?is song /ates x to be1 tak+ a reasonable lib]ty ) ! orig9al4 ,:5 ! ra9 comes ! cypress glitt]s l a quetzal-fea!r1 a ,mexican euphuism = a glitt]+ gem1 or any?+ v preci\s4 ,! xiuhcoatl1 or fire-s]p5t1 is ! t]rible weapon ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 ) :i* he slew 8 rebelli\s bro!rs & si/]1 ! enemies ( 8 "m ,coatlicue1 z ,indra slew ^? ( 8 "m1 bo? ( ^! ev5ts occurr+ imm$iately aft] ! bir? ( ! gods ?us comp>$4 7,9 ! case ( ,indra ! weapon 0 a ?und]bolt47 ,! fire-s]p5t 9 ?is place evid5tly symbolizes ! scor*+1 torrid heat :i* br+s ab\t fam9e4 ,if ! ra9 cont9ues n1 ! maize-plant1 ! "y he>t ( :i* is gre5 z jadeite1 & f :i* ! gold5 maize w em]ge lat]1 may p]i%4 ,f9ally ! wor%ipp] 787 /ates t he w rema9 unsatisfi$ until ! plum$ & full-gr[n plant1 symbolic ( ! w>rior & all t he fights =1 has come to fruition4 ,my read+ ( ?is song diff]s consid]ably f ^? ( o!r au?orities1 b ,i may1 p]haps1 be p>don$ if ,i say t ,i pref] my own elucidation z at lea/ m circum/antial & m 9 l9e ) ! facts ( ,mexican belief4 ,,fe/ival ,tlacaxipeuliztli4--,! be/ description ( ?is fe/ival is t ( ,sahagun 7bk4 ii1 c4 xxi7 :o tells u t on ! la/ day ( ! mon? ( t "n ! ,mexicans celebrat$ a solemn fe/ival to ,xipe & ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,on ! aft]noon ( ! day prior to t on :i* ! fea/ 0 to take place !y held a solemn areyto1 or dance1 & !y wat*$ all ! night 9 ! temple call$ calpulco #bbe ) ^? :o 7 to be sacrific$ on ! morr[4 ,!y %av$ ! hair f ! tops ( _! heads1 at ! same "t draw+ blood f _! own e>s to (f] to ! gods4 ,:5 daybreak _h come1 !y conduct$ ! captives to ! temple ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 :]e !y 7 sacrific$ & flay$1 f :i* circum/ance ! fea/ took its "n4 ,_m ( ! victims 7 call$ ,xipeme or ,tototect9 7plurals ( ! god's "n74 ,! ma/]s ( ! captives1 or ^? :o _h captur$ !m 9 w>1 =mally h&$ !m ov] to ! prie/s at ! foot ( ! teocalli1 & ^! took !m by ! hair ( ! head to make !m m\nt ! /eps m quickly4 ,if !y refus$ to walk to ! /one ( sacrifice !y 7 dragg$ !nce4 ,:5 _! he>ts _h be5 )drawn !y 7 (f]$ up to ! gods1 & ! body ca/ d[n ! /eps ( ! teocalli1 :]e o!r prie/s receiv$ x = flay+4 ,! he>ts ( ! un=tunates ?us slaught]$ 7 ?r[n into a tub ( wood & took ! "n ( quano*tli1 or 8nopal wood10 ( :i* ! tubs 7 made4 ,! flay+ process 0 und]tak5 by a ca/e ( eld]ly & probably inf]ior prie/s1 ! quaquacuilton4 #bbf ,be=e ! bodies ( ! sacrific$ 7 s treat$ !y 7 c>ri$ to ! temple1 :]e ! 8ma/]0 ( ! captive _h made 8 v[ to capture & consecrate a victim to ! god4 ,! body 0 brok5 up at ?is place1 & a leg 0 dispat*$ to c\rt = ! table ( ! k+1 ! rema9d] be+ divid$ among ! great1 or ! ma/]'s p>5ts4 ,! dreadful repa/ 0 usually p>tak5 ( 9 ! h\se ( him :o _h tak5 ! captive prison] 9 w>4 ,!y cook$ ! fle% ) maize & gave a little to ea* 9 a small porr+]4 ,! di% 0 call$ tlacatlaolli1 or 8man & maize40 ,aft] hav+ eat51 ! fea/]s became intoxicat$ on octli4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 hav+ wat*$ all ! night1 !y w5t to amuse !mselves by exam9+ ! o!r captives1 & 9 wat*+ !m be+ bait$ on ! /one ( combat4 ,^! latt] 7 kn[n z uauant91 8! pi]c$10 ) ref]5ce to ! w\nds !y receiv$4 #bbg ,be=e ! sacrificial rites took place ! captors ( ! victims ga!r$ toge!r1 & :5 ! victims _h be5 dispat*$ ! captors1 or c]ta9 prie/s 7x is n cle> :i*71 drew on ! sk9s ( ! flay$ victims1 & took up positions on hillocks ( hay or heaps ( *alk or rubbi%4 ,o!rs approa*$ !m1 & defi$ !m to combat by words & p9*es4 ,a skirmi% ensu$1 & ^? :o 7 captur$ did n escape scot-free1 be+ r r\ghly h&l$4 ,?is mock combat ov]1 ! real bus9ess ( ! day began 9 t]rible e>ne/4 ,! wret*$ captive 0 secur$ by "o ankle to ! temalacatl1 or /one ( combat1 & wood5 btons on :i* eagle-d[n _h be5 /uck1 9 imitation ( a maquahuitl1 or obsidian-edg$ sword1 7 plac$ 9 8 h&s4 ,f\r w>riors n[ came aga9/ ! victim1 two ( ! ocelotl corps ( knights & two ( ! quauhtli or ,eagle ,corps1 & hav+ rais$ _! %ields & weapons to ! sun1 "o ( !m attack$ ! captive ti$ to ! /one4 ,if he def5d$ himself ) address1 two or ev5 ?ree ( 8 oppon5ts attack$ him1 & if he /ill made good 8 resi/ance1 all f\r fell ^u him1 8int]m+l+ _! bl[s ) dances & num]\s poses40 ,prior to ! combat a solemn procession 0 =m$ to ! temalacatl4 ,a body ( prie/s1 dress$ 9 ! insignia ( "o or o!r ( ! gods 9 ^: hon\r ! fe/ival 0 held1 issu$ f ! yopico 789 ,yopi l&071 ! temple ( ,xipe1 foll[$ by ! tecutlis1 or knights1 already allud$ to1 :o fl\ri%$ _! weapons & made a m>tial %[4 ,arriv$ at ! temalacatl1 !y m>*$ r\nd x1 & seat$ !mselves on c>v5 /ools call$ que*olicpalli 78p]* ( ! /rong bird074 ,! prie/ :o took *>ge ( ! proce$+s 0 call$ ,y\allauan 7,night-dr9k]71 "o ( ! names ( ! god1 & :5 all 7 seat$1 an or*e/ra ( trumpets1 flutes1 & con*-%ells /ruck up1 m+l$ ) :i/l+ & s++4 ,! p]=m]s wore on _! %\ld]s /ream]s ( :ite fea!rs m\nt$ on long /aves1 :i*1 z we h se51 0 "p ( ! ,xipe dress1 & sat betwe5 ! prie/s & ! /one ( combat4 ,:5 ! frightful ov]ture _h conclud$1 a captive 0 plac$ on ! /one by ! p]son :o devot$ him to sacrifice1 & a beak] ( octli 0 giv5 him to he>t5 him to fight well4 ,?is he pres5t$ to ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass1 & !n suck$ its cont5ts ?r\gh a re$4 ,a prie/ !n took up 8 /& 9 front ( ! doom$ man1 & hold+ a liv+ quail be=e him z be=e a god1 tore (f its head4 ,ano!r prie/ clad 9 a be>-sk9 secur$ ! captive to ! /one & h&$ him 8 weapons1 & !n 8 captor danc$ be=e him1 z be=e a div9ity4 ,! combat !n took place1 & 9 ! unusual ev5t ( a victim ov]com+ ! f\r well-appo9t$ w>riors :o oppos$ him1 a fif?1 :o mu/ be a left-h&$ man1 ru%$ 91 rais$ ! exhau/$ victor 9 8 arms & ?rew him to ! gr\nd1 :]e he 0 dispat*$ by ! ,y\allauan4 ,! victim's he>t 0 !n ?r[n into ! wood5 tub be=e allud$ to1 aft] x _h be5 held up to ! sun4 ,ano!r prie/ n[ took a holl[ re$ & introduc$ x into ! op5+ f :i* ! he>t _h be5 remov$4 ,hav+ drawn (f a suffici5t quantity ( blood1 he w5t to (f] x up to ! sun4 ,! ma/] ( ! captive :o _h be5 sla9 !n fill$ a b[l ) ! blood ( 8 victim1 :i* vessel 0 gaily decorat$ ) fea!rs & :i* conta9$ a tube1 simil>ly ornam5t$4 ,) ?is he w5t ! r\nd ( ! temples1 sme>+ ! blood ^u ! lips ( ! idols ) ! fea!r$ tube4 ,he next dive/$ himself ( ! gay fea!r cloak he wore = ! occasion & c>ri$ ! flay$ corpse ( 8 captive1 or :at rema9$ ( x1 to 8 h\se1 aft] royal & o!r requirem5ts _h be5 met4 ,z has be5 said1 he fea/$ 8 family & fri5ds on ! body1 b did n himself p>take ( x1 z he 0 reg>d$ z ! ritual fa!r ( ! deceas$4 8,! sk9 ( a victim also belong$ to 8 captor1 & ?is he gave to ^? :o dress$ !mselves 9 sk9s 79 consequ5ce ( a v[71 & s attir$1 p>ad$ ! /reets ( ! t[n4 ,o!rs wore ! heads ( wolves40 #bbh 8,:5 ! captive _h be5 sla91 all :o 7 pres5t1 prie/s1 w>riors & o!rs1 began to dance ! areyto r\nd ! temalacatl1 ! captors ( ! victims c>ry+ ! heads ( ! sla94 ,?is areyto1 or dance1 0 call$ motzontecomaitotia 7dance ) decapitat$ heads74 ,! cuitla*ueue 7old jackal #bbi71 godfa!r ( ! captives1 took 9 8 h&s ! cords :i* _h held !m to ! temalacatl & rais$ !m to ! f\r c>d9al po9ts 9 sign ( adoration4 ,aft] t #8he groan$1 he wept = ! dead4' 8,! =eign]s ) :om ,motecuhzoma 0 at w> came to assi/ secretly at ! spectacle4 ,^! 7 ! m5 ( ,uexotz9co1 ,tlaxcallan & ,non\alco1 ,cempoallan1 & _m o!r places4 ,! ,mexicans pret5d$ n to see !m1 & !y 7 ?us able to behold ! fate res]v$ = captives 9 ,mexico4 ,:5 all 0 ov]1 ev]yone ate a tortilla call$ uilocpalli1 or pigeon-seat1 a k9d ( little pat made ) uncook$ maize4 ,next day ev]yone assi/$ at an areyto ( great solemnity1 :i* 0 comm5c$ 9 ! royal palace4 ,all 7 dress$ 9 _! be/ & c>ri$ tamallis & tortillas ( roa/$ maize1 call$ momo*tli1 :i* !y wore in/ead ( coll>s & g>l&s4 ,!y c>ri$ also r$ fea!rs & /alks ( maize4 ,! areyto ceas$ at midday1 & ! nobles rang$ !mselves ?ree & ?ree 9 ! royal palaces4 ,! k+ appe>$1 hav+ ^u 8 "r ! ,k+ ( ,tezcuco & on 8 left ! ,"l ( ,tacuba4 ,a solemn dance !n took place1 :i* la/$ until ! sun w5t d[n1 aft] :i* !y comm5c$ ano!r dance1 9 :i* ev]yone took h&s & danc$ 9 a s]p5t9e figure4 ,! old soldi]s & recruits came to ?is dance1 br++ ) !m female p>tn]s & ev5 public wom54 ,?is la/$ also on ! place :]e ! captives _h be5 sla9 till ne>ly midnight1 & !y cont9u$ to celebrate ^! fea/s = ne>ly tw5ty days1 until !y _h arriv$ at ! kal5ds ( ! mon? :i* !y call$ tozoztontli40 ,tw5ty days aft] ! fe/ival ^? :o wore ! sk9s ( ! sla9 remov$ !m1 b x w\ld seem1 f :at ,sahagun says1 t c]ta9 devotees wore ^! f ! fe/ival ( tlacaxipeuliztli at ! end ( t mon? to ! beg9n+ ( ! foll[+ tlacaxipeuliztli4 ,p]sons afflict$ ) sk9 diseases or weak sight frequ5tly made a v[ to be pres5t at ?is c]emony4 ,! devotees !n p]=m$ c]emonial ablutions 9 a ba? 9 ! temple1 9 :i* wat] 0 mix$ ) maize fl\r1 or1 m /rictly speak+1 !y 7 ba!d by o!rs4 ,!y !n %ampoo$ _! heads & did p5ance = ! dea? ( ! captive4 ,aft] ?is ! captor erect$ a tripod 9 ! c\rt ( 8 h\se1 on ! top ( :i* 0 a petlatl1 or mat roll$ into a ball1 on :i* he plac$ all ! pap] ornam5ts :i* ! captive _h worn at 8 sacrifice4 8,he !n *ose a c\rage\s "y man :o wore ^? pap]s1 & :o took a %ield 9 "o h& & a cudgel 9 ! o!r1 & w5t ?r\gh ! /reets z if look+ = an evil-do]4 ,ev]yone 0 afraid1 & cri$1 #8,behold ! telzompac 7noble "o7 comes6' ,if he caught anyone he took 8 mantle1 & all ! spoil he took he br\ght back to ! captor4 ,! captor !n plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! c\rt ( 8 h\se a joi/ 9 ! =m ( a column1 :i* indicat$ t he _h made captives 9 w>1 & :i* 0 ! blazon ( 8 hon\r4 ,!n he took ! ?igh-bone ( ! captive1 ornam5t$ x ) ! pap]s1 & atta*$ x to ! top ( ! column 9 8 c\rty>d4 ,he !n invit$ 8 p>5ts1 fri5ds1 & ! m5 ( 8 qu>t]1 9 pres5ce ( :om he hung ! bone up1 & !n he gave !m to eat & dr9k4 ,family songs 7 sung4 ,all ^! ?+s 7 done 9 ! tw5ty days be=e !y arriv$ at ! uei tozoztli4 ,! goldsmi?s1 ( ^: ca/e ,xipe 0 ! patron1 probably because ! yell[ human sk9 9 :i* he 0 repres5t$ z be+ clad typifi$ an ov]lay ( gold-foil1 held a fe/ival dur+ tlacaxipeuliztli 9 ! yopico temple sacr$ to ! god1 sacrific+ & burn+ victims to him1 & cov]+ a human repres5tative ( him ) ornam5ts & preci\s /ones1 a cr[n ( fea!rs1 gold5 necklaces & e>r+s1 & sc>let s&als4 ,!y !n plac$ him ^u a ?rone & (f]$ him ! fir/ fruits & fl[]s ( ! season1 toge!r ) bun*es ( maize-se$4 ,! mode ( sacrifice by %oot+ to dea? ) d>ts or arr[s 0 employ$ 9 connection ) ,xipe z well z 9 ! case ( ,tlazolteotl 7q4v474 ,a captive 0 secur$ to a scaffold & %ot ) d>ts1 s t 8 blood might fall ^u ! gr\nd4 ,?is usage may be reg>d$ z ( ! nature ( sympa!tic magic to secure ra9fall4 ,,temples ,at lea/ ?ree build+s 7 erect$ to ! hon\r ( ,xipe at ,mexico4 #bcj ,! fir/ ( ^!1 kn[n z yopico 789 ,yopi l&071 has already be5 allud$ to1 & 0 probably ! pr9cipal place connect$ ) 8 wor%ip4 ,x 0 at ?is temple t ! c]emonies ( ! tlacaxipeuliztli fe/ival took place4 ,! second1 call$ yopico calmecac1 appe>s to h be5 situat$ 9 ! qu>t] ( ,tlatelolco1 &1 z its "n implies1 0 evid5tly a mona/]y or place ( in/ruction4 ,at ano!r edifice1 ! yopoci tzompantli1 ! heads ( ! victims sla9 at ! fe/ival ( ! god 7 exhibit$4 ,9 front ( ! fir/ ( ^! /ood ! temalacatl1 ! /one to :i* ! captives 7 secur$ :5 !y f\ght ) ! ,mexican w>riors be=e !y 7 f9ally sacrific$4 ,,prie/hood ,! ,xipe yopico teohua1 or prie/hood d$icat$ to ! s]vice ( ,xipe1 is enum]at$ among ! v>i\s classes ( prie/s *>g$ ) ! s]vice ( ! gods1 #bca & held 9 _! keep+ ,xipe's insignia & ! accessories = 8 fe/ival4 ,!y resid$ 9 ! yopico calmecac or mona/]y4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,xipe is pre-em95tly a god ( se$-"t & plant+4 #bcb ,he is ! ,tlaltecutli1 or 8,"l ( ! ,e>?10 & 9 a second>y s5se1 ! god ( ! w>rior's dea? on ! /one ( combat1 because ( ! association betwe5 ! food-supply & milit>y s]vice = ! purpose ( ga9+ captives4 ,!re c be no "q t ,xipe 0 ( ,zapotec orig92 inde$1 t is manife/ f ! "n ( 8 temple1 ,yopico1 :i* means ! 8l& ( ! ,yopi0 or ,tlapp5eca1 a p ( ,zapotec aff9ities1 & 8 cap 0 kn[n z yopitzontli1 8! ,yopi head40 ,"o ( 8 names 0 ,anauatl itecu1 or 8,"l ( ! ,coa/l&10 & we "k f ,h]r]a #bcc t he 0 especially wor%ipp$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,teotitlan1 :i* comm&s ! road to ,tabasco4 ,bo? ,sahagun & ! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a uphold 8 ali5 orig94 ,j z ! ,egyptian prie/s ( ,ammon at ,!bes once a ye> kill$ a ram1 flay$ x1 & clo!d ! image ( _! god 9 ! sk91 j z ! ,celtic prie/ wore ! sk9 ( a bull at c]ta9 fe/ivals1 s ! ,mexicans slew & flay$ a man1 9 ^: sk9 !y clo!d _! prie/s & ^? :o desir$ to be closely associat$ ) ! god4 ,! idea und]ly+ ?is practice w\ld appe> to be ! r5ewal ( ! life ( ! deity4 ,x seems to h "s be>+ on ! ph5om5a ( ! sy/em kn[n z 8totemism10 reg>d+ ! real significance ( :i* we "k s little1 despite ! seem+ erudition :i* has ( late ye>s be5 lavi%$ ^u its consid]ation1 =1 z we h se51 ! captor ( ! sla9 victim 0 n p]mitt$ to eat ( 8 fle%1 al?\gh t may only h be5 taboo to him because he /ood to ! doom$ man 9 ! relation ( a sponsor4 ,xipe repres5ts ! e>? 8flay$10 t is b>e1 & ready = s[+4 ,! flay+ ( ! captive & ! dress+ ( ! god's repres5tative 9 ! sk9 may h be5 ( ! nature ( sympa!tic magic1 z a sugge/ion to ! e>? to rehabilitate itself 9 its cov]+ ( yell[ maize4 ,x is precisely ! agricultural god :om 9 ,mexico we mu/ expect to f9d clo!d 9 all ! attributes ( ! w>rior1 & truly ,xipe does n disappo9t u 9 ?is respect4 ,he is arm$ cap--pie1 & 8 dress 0 ! fav\rite h>ness ( ,mexican royalty :5 x w5t =? to battle1 z witness ! ,sp>tan sugge/ion ( ,motecuhzoma to 8 bro!r on ! eve ( a great combat4 #bcd ,! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a calls him 8il gu]reggiatore attri/ato40 ,?us at 8 fea/ ! sacrifice takes ! =m ( a combat4 ,inde$1 he repres5ts ! w>rior ca/e1 by ! ef=ts ( :om ! alt>s ( ,mexico 7 suppli$ ) human victims1 & ! maize-crop 0 consequ5tly secur$4 ,xipe is 9 "s measure associat$ ) t sacr$ bird ! quail1 :i* has be5 connect$ ) sacrifice 9 _m l&s4 ,?is bird frequ5tly takes refuge 9 ! la/ %eaves ( gra9 9 a h>ve/-field1 & ?us1 p]haps1 came to symbolize ! corn-_s driv5 f its la/ /ronghold4 ,9 ,norm&y 9 ! h>ve/-field ! reap]s pret5d to cat* a quail & dispat* x4 #bce ,! quail 0 sacrific$ to ! ,tyrian ,baal1 #bcf & is associat$ by ,rob]tson ,smi? ) ! god ,e%mun-,iolaos4 #bcg ,! bird-l "* ( ,xipe's dress may assi/ u 9 ! belief t he 0 p>tially evolv$ f "s bird ( ! quail species commonly f\nd 9 ! maize-field4 ,he be>s a /rong resemblance to ! ,maya god ,f4 ,xipe 0 probably a maize-god ( ! ,yopi :o came to p>take ( ! "* ( an ,aztec gra9-&-sacrifice deity1 8 own type ( immolation1 ! %oot+ by arr[s1 be+ p>tially sup]s$$ by ! w>rior's dea? ^u ! temalacatl4 ,x w\ld seem t1 z ! god ( a p ( ,nahua race1 b old] 9 _! occupation ( ! l& ?an ! ,aztec & ,*i*imecs1 he probably took mu* ! same l9e ( developm5t aft] 8 wor%ipp]s settl$ 9 ! ,yopi c\ntry z ,tezcatlipoc & ,uitzilopo*tli took 9 a m nor!rn environm5t1 t ! resemblance 0 recogniz$ by ! ,aztec 7z is %[n by 8 aff9ity ) ,tezcatlipoc1 ) :om1 inde$1 he is id5tifi$ z ,tlatlauhqui ,tezcatlipoc1 or 8! ,r$ ,tezcatlipoc071 & t "u _! guidance 8 fe/ival took a simil> =m to t ( ! gods 9 "q4 ,8 fe/ival is c]ta9ly a my?o-dramatic p]=mance explanatory ( ! prep>ation ( ! e>? = ! s[+ ( gra91 ! soil be+ rehabilitat$ by ! dea? ( ! captive w>rior4 ,,xilon5 8,,"y ,,maize ,,"m0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,orig9ally ,hui*ol tribes2 lat]1 ,valley ( ,anahuac4 ,fe/ival3 ,uei tecuilhuitl1 9 ! eigh? mon?4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,! face is pa9t$ half r$1 half yell[1 & ! goddess we>s a cr[n ( pap] decorat$ ) quetzal-fea!rs4 ,h] coll> is ( gre5 preci\s /ones & h] ov]dress is 8! col\r ( spr+ fl[]s0 7r$74 ,h] skirt is ( ! same hue4 ,%e we>s s&als1 & c>ries a %ield ) horizontal l9es4 ,9 h] h& %e holds a r$ rattle-bo>d4 ,,fe/ival ,! ,uei tecuilhuitl4--,! fe/ival to ,xilon5 0 ! uei tecuilhuitl1 or 8great fe/ival ( ! *iefs10 :i* la/$ eight days & 0 celebrat$ :5 ! maize-plant _h almo/ rea*$ maturity4 ,our *ief au?orities = its ev5ts are ,sahagun #bch & ,torquemada4 #bci ,! =m] /ates t at ?is p]iod ( ! ye> 7,june-,july7 ! wom5 wore _! hair unb\nd1 9 ord] t ! maize might be prompt$ to gr[ 9 equal luxuriance4 ,dur+ ! days ( ! fe/ival su* p]sons z visit$ ! temple 7 p]mitt$ to dr9k abundantly ( *ian p9olli 7a bev]age manufactur$ f ! se$ ( ! *ian tree1 m+l$ ) maize-fl\r & aloe honey7 & z mu* maize-porridge z c\ld be grasp$ 9 ! h&1 to symbolize ! pl5ty :i* w\ld foll[ ! rip5+ ( ! gra94 ,! food ?us suppli$ 0 ! gift ( ! *iefs1 f :i* circum/ance ! fe/ival took its "n4 ,danc+ comm5c$ ea* night at sunset1 & 0 accompani$ by s++1 ! sc5e be+ illum9at$ by ! gl>e f burn+ p9e-tor*es4 ,! danc] ar\nd :om int]e/ *iefly c5tr$ 0 ! xalaquia 78%e :o is clo!d ) ! soil071 a slave girl :o repres5t$ ! goddess1 we>+ h] r$ face-pa9t1 l>ge squ>e headdress & v>iegat$ raim5t4 ,%e 0 con/antly gu>d$ by ?ree old wom5 call$ h] 8mo!rs10 & 0 s$ul\sly in/ruct$ 9 ! danc+-s*ool = ! "p %e _h to play4 ,9 all likelihood %e 0 kept 9 complete ignorance ( h] imp5d+ fate4 ,day aft] day %e danc$1 surr\nd$ by ! wom5 ( ! community1 :o %ook _! long hair1 & x 0 believ$ t ! maize-crop w\ld be vigor\s or ! rev]se z h] t]psi*orean ex]tions 7 spirit$ or li/less4 ,on ! la/ day ( ! rites1 ! prie/esses ( ! ,maize-goddess1 attir$ 9 h] insignia1 ga!r$ toge!r 9 ! teopan1 or temple-prec9ct1 & accompani$ ! victim 9 a p]=mance :i* la/$ ?r\gh\t ! night4 ,:5 day broke1 ! *ief nobles & w>riors ( ,mexico jo9$ ! wom5 & danc$ a solemn areyto1 ! m5 danc+ 9 front & ! wom5 beh9d !m4 ,9 ?is mann] !y danc$ to ! foot ( ! teocalli ( ! goddess1 :i* !y asc5d$1 ! victim be+ c>ri$ on ! back ( "o ( ! prie/s1 aft] ! mann] ( a bride be+ borne to h] husb&'s h\se4 ,arriv$ at ! summit1 %e 0 decapitat$ & h] he>t (f]$ to ! goddess4 ,until %e 0 sacrific$ no "o might eat ( ! new maize1 le/ x %\ld fail to rip54 ,,prie/hood ,! ,c9teotz9 7,"l ( ,maize71 says ,sahagun1 _h *>ge ( affairs at ! fe/ival ( ,xilon5 7see ,c9teotl74 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,xilon5 appe>s to be no?+ m ?an a deification ( ! "y1 t5d] e> ( ! maize-plant4 ,h] "n1 ! season at :i* h] rites took place & ! y\? ( ! xalaquia :o repres5t$ h] w\ld seem to be> ?is out4 ,%e 0 orig9ally a goddess ( ! ,hui*ol tribes1 &1 by "s circum/ance ( evolution or imag]y1 came to symbolize = ! ,nahua ! maize 9 ! e>li] /ages ( its rip5ess1 ?us to "s ext5t resembl+ ,c9teotl4 ,payne & also ,sel] 9 "s places seem to conf\nd h] fe/ival ) t ( ,*icomecoatl1 & (f] no reasons = ?us trav]s+ ! /atem5ts ( ! old] au?orities1 :i* are def9ite en\gh & :i* 9 ?is in/ance ,i pref] to foll[4 ,,itzpapalotl 8,,obsidian ,,knife ,,butt]fly0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,orig9ally ,*i*imec tribes2 ,mexican ,plateau4 ,relation%ip3 ,associat$ ) ,mixcoatl & ! ,c5tzon ,mimixcoa2 "o ( ! ,tzitzimim4 ,symbols3 ,! butt]fly2 ,mixcoatl's /one knife4 ,compass ,direction3 ,e>? 7874 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! sixte5? day1 cozcaquauhtli2 ( ! fifte5? 8week10 ce calli4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #ib3 ,9 ?is repres5tation & on ! %eet devot$ to ! fifte5? tonalamatl division & its rul]1 ,itzpapalotl is depict$ z furni%$ ) human tee?1 b is pr$om9antly animal 9 =m1 reta9+1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 peculi>ities :i* indicate ! int5tion t %e %\ld be reg>d$ z an insect4 ,%e displays a k9d ( butt]fly w+1 edg$ r\nd ) /one knives4 ,above h] is figur$ ! fl[]+ tree brok5 9 ! middle f :i* blood fl[s4 ,?is symbol d5otes ! ,tamoan*an1 or ,h\se ( ,desc5t1 ! region ( ! my?ical we/1 home ( ! maize-plant & seat ( ! primeval gods1 :]e ! w&]+ tribes 7 said to h made a long soj\rn4 ,9 %eet #fc %e is repres5t$ z /&+ ^u a plat=m1 :i* seems to be cov]$ ) a symbolic leaf--p]haps t on :i* butt]flies are mo/ usually f\nd4 ,%e has a d>k body edg$ ) :ite1 & ! claws & face are fleck$ ) ulli rubb] gum4 ,! head is an adaptation ( t ( ,tlaloc1 & a %ort1 :eel-%ap$ w+ occupies ! back f nape to tail-root4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #aa3 ,9 ?is place ! goddess is depict$ z a woman ) jagu> claws on h&s & feet4 ,! facial pa9t+ is l t ( ,tlauizcalpantecutli1 b ! features are ^? ( ! ,dea?-god--a skull ) a /one-knife nose4 ,%e we>s a coll> ) ! =m & col\r+ ( a butt]fly's w+1 & h] dress is set ) /one knives at prom95t po9ts4 ,%e is accompani$ by an animal ( rapaci\s aspect1 p]haps a jagu> or ocelot4 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4--,a butt]fly ) ant5n & w+s acts z a naualli1 or disguise 7a k9d ( helmet-mask71 to a female figure :i* has dea?'s-head tee?1 animal claws on ! h&s & feet1 & a blue-col\r$ disk on ! *eek4 ,z 9 ,codex ,borgia1 ?is face has a /one knife on ! nose1 a coll> /udd$ ) /one knives1 & on ! head ! w>rior's =k$ h]on-fea!r ornam5t4 ,! cr[n is ( d>k fea!rs1 ! sombr5ess ( :i* is light5$ by quetzal plumes & a lo9-clo? l t ( ! ,ciuatete or ,ciuapipilt91 ! dead wom5 :o _h p]i%$ 9 *ildb$1 & :o 7 reg>d$ z p>tak+ ( ! nature ( w>riors4 ,! end ( ! lo9-clo? & skirt is trimm$ ) a hem ( tee?4 ,z a back-mirror %e we>s a dea?'s-head1 bel[ :i* hangs a 8/>-skirt10 to ! plait$ ?ongs ( :i* rattl+ snail-%ells are atta*$4 ,aub9-,g\pil ,tonalamatl 7#ae? ,division74--,"h ! goddess looks out ( a butt]fly helmet-mask4 ,h] face is pa9t$ a r$ col\r & %e is decorat$ ) d>k plumage on arms & legs4 ,%e has a snail-%ell be=e h] face1 & we>s a gold disk on ! brea/4 ,opposite h] are a brok5 tree & a behead$ captive1 ^: body sp\ts two /reams ( blood 9 ! %ape ( snakes' heads4 ,%e is seat$ on a ?rone ornam5t$ ) small disks4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,"h ! goddess is pictur$ z a demon ( d>kness1 tzitzimitl1 :o desc5ds f heav5 9 ! =m ( an eagle4 ,bas-relief4--,a bas-relief1 kn[n z ! /one ( ,ari/ides ,m>tel1 repres5ts ! goddess z 9 ! act ( flight1 & agrees ) ! repres5tations ( h] 9 ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis & ! ,codex ,borbonicus4 ,! face is int5d$ to repres5t t ( an insect ) r\nd eyes & almo/ reptilian m\?1 & ! headdress is flat & cov]$ ) fea!r balls4 ,! h&s & feet are furni%$ ) long claws4 ,9 ?is place ! fea!r-m>k+ ( ! goddess pres5ts a di/9ctly s]p5t9e appe>ance & %e is surr\nd$ by s]p5t motifs1 betwe5 ! folds ( :i* is se5 ! cross-hat*+ symbolical ( ^! reptiles4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis reg>ds ,itzpapalotl z a male deity1 probably because1 l ! ,ciuatete or wom5 :o di$ 9 *ildb$1 :o 7 reg>d$ z ! equals ( ! w>riors1 %e wore a male lo9-clo?4 ,he says3 8,he 0 call$ ,x\nco & aft] he s9n$ ,yzpapalotle4 ,! sign ( ?is "n is a ,knife ( ,butt]flies1 & accord+ly he is surr\nd$ ) knives & w+s ( butt]flies2 = !y say t he sometimes appe>s to !m1 & t !y only see feet resembl+ ^? ( an eagle4 ,yzpapalotle 0 "o ( ^? :o fell f heav5 ) ! re/1 ^: names are ! foll[+3 ,quealcoatle1 ,o*ululu*esi1 ,tezcatlipoca1 ,caleteotle1 & ,hatzcanpantecoatl40 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a also lab\rs "u a misappreh5sion reg>d+ ,itzpapalotl's sex4 ,he /ates3 8,yxpapalotl signifies a knife ( butt]flies4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? gods :o1 z !y affirm1 0 expell$ f heav52 & on ?is acc\nt !y pa9t him surr\nd$ ) knives & w+s ( butt]flies4 ,!y repres5t him ) ! feet ( an eagle1 because !y say t he occasionally appe>s to !m1 & !y only see ! feet ( an eagle4 ,!y fur!r add t1 be+ 9 a g>d5 ( great delight1 he pull$ "s roses1 b t sudd5ly ! tree broke & blood /ream$ f x2 & t 9 consequ5ce ( ?is !y 7 depriv$ ( t place ( enjoym5t & 7 ca/ into ?is _w because ,tonacatecutli & 8 wife became inc5s$1 & accord+ly !y came "s ( !m to ! e>?1 & o!rs w5t to hell4 ,he presid$ ov] ^! ?irte5 signs2 ! fir/ ( :i* ! h\se 7calli7 !y consid]$ un=tunate1 because !y said t demons came ?r\gh ! air on t sign 9 ! figure ( wom5 su* z we call wit*es1 :o usually w5t to ! highways1 :]e !y met 9 ! =m ( a cross40 ,9 ! song to ,tlazolteotl1 ! f\r? ( ! ,sahagun s]ies1 we f9d ! foll[+ /rophes relat+ to ,itzpapalotl3 ,! /one-knife butt]fly ,:o hov]s ov] ! cactus4 ,h] food is on ! ,n9e ,pla9s1 ,%e 0 nurtur$ on ! he>ts ( de]1 ,our "m1 ! ,e>?-goddess4 ,! ref]5ce to ! ,n9e ,pla9s alludes to ! circum/ance t ,itzpapalotl is a goddess ( ! ,*i*imec1 or hunt+ p4 ,! two fir/ l9es ( ?is song are translat$ by ,sel] z foll[s3 8,o1 %e has become a goddess ( ! melon cactus1 ,our "m ,itzpapalotl1 ! ,obsidian ,butt]fly40 ,! inf]5ce 9 ^! l9es seems to be t :]eas ,itzpapalotl 0 =m]ly ! goddess ( a hunt+ tribe :o sacrific$ de] to h]1 %e has n[ become ! deity ( ! cultivat$ field & a settl$ agricultural community4 ,?is hypo!sis w\ld appe> to ga9 /r5g? f ! text ( ! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan1 :]e ,itzpapalotl is spok5 ( z ! f\ndress ( ! olde/ ,*i*imec k+dom 9 ,nequameyocan1 8,place ( ! ,wild ,agave40 ,cam>go /ates #bdj t ! tribes issu+ f ,*icomoztoc1 8,! ,sev5 ,caves10 fir/ came to ,mazatepec1 8,! ,de] ,m\nta910 !n to ! prov9ce ( ,tepeueuec1 :]e a victim 0 sacrific$ to ,itzpapalotl by %oot+ him ) arr[s1 a circum/ance :i* 9 itself proves ! goddess to h be5 associat$ ) ! e>?4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,l ,mixcoatl1 ) :om %e is closely associat$1 ,itzpapalotl appe>s to h be5 orig9ally "o ( ! anci5t /ell> & lightn+ deities ( ! ,*i*imec or nomadic tribes ( ! nor!rn pla9s4 ,lat]1 on ! ab&onm5t ( ! hunt+ mode ( subsi/5ce & ! acceptance ( a m settl$ & agricultural mode ( life by ! tribes :o wor%ipp$ h]1 ,itzpapalotl w\ld appe> 7z ! allusion to h] 9 ! song to ,tlazolteotl seems to %[7 to h become a goddess ( ! food-supply1 ! melon-pat*1 & ! maize-crop4 ,%e 0 "o ( ! ,tzitzimim1 or demons ( d>kness1 & z su* symbolically took insect %ape 7cf4 ,xo*iquetzal z a spid]71 b b5ea? h] butt]fly =m !re lurks ! symbol ( ! old1 fi]ce e>?-"m ) claws & m]ciless1 protrud+ tee?1 :i* 7 orig9ally evolv$ f ^? ( ! cipactli1 or e>?-mon/]4 ,x seems to me also t %e be>s ab\t h] ! m>ks ( ! de]1 & at ?is ,i am n surpris$1 z ,i am conv9c$ t 9 _m l&s ! de] is reg>d$ z a surrogate ( ! dragon1 & is ?us frequ5tly associat$ ) fire & wat]4 ,inde$1 9 places1 ,itzpapalotl is tacitly id5tifi$ ) ! my?ical de] ,itzcuy1 #bda ! captive & wife ( ,mixcoatl4 ,t ,itzpapalotl is associat$ ) fire is probable1 & we "k f ! song t %e 0 nurtur$ on ! he>ts ( de]4 ,f h] association ) ! obsidian cult & ! fact t %e is closely connect$ ) ,mixcoatl1 ^: obsidian knife is h] symbol1 ,i %\ld n be surpris$ to f9d fur!r evid5ce t %e is 9 "s mann] id5tifi$ ) ! lightn+1 ! heav5ly fire1 or ! />s4 ,aga91 we "k t ! butt]fly 0 9 "s measure associat$ ) ! ,ciuatete1 ! wom5 :o di$ 9 *ildb$4 ,we "k1 too1 f ,sahagun's acc\nt t at ! fe/ival ( ! ,ciuatete ! p (f]$ cakes /amp$ ) a butt]fly & ,s-%ap$ cakes to ^! spirits1 to repres5t ! lightn+4 ,9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis1 ,itzpapalotl we>s ! male lo9-clo?1 l ! ,ciuatete1 & 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b 7%eet #ib7 !re is repres5t$ ne> h] a fl[]+ tree brok5 9 ! middle & sp\t+ blood1 ! glyph or symbol ( ,tamoan*an1 ! p>adise ( ! we/1 :]e dwelt ! ,ciuatete4 ,9 ! ,mexican m9d ! gaudy hues ( ! butt]fly may h become associat$ ) ! brilliance ( ! we/]n sky at sunset1 & ?is may acc\nt = ! connection :i* und\bt$ly exi/s betwe5 ,itzpapalotl & ! we/]n home ( ! ,ciuatete4 ,aga91 ! insect may typify ! frivol\s nature ( ^! dead wom54 #bdb ,h[ev]1 ! precise significance ( ?is goddess is by no means easy to arrive at1 & 9 any case is compos$ ( elem5ts ( consid]able obscurity & div]sity4 #bdc ,tezcatlipoc1 x may be recall$1 is 8! obsidian snake40 ,8 obsidian s&als 9 "s ,,mss4 be> ! zigzag l9es ( ! snake &1 z has already be5 said1 ! footge> is frequ5tly eloqu5t ( ! "n or "* ( a p]son or div9ity 9 ,mexican pa9t+4 ,9 ,itzpapalotl we seem to see ano!r deity ( ! obsidian cult4 ,c]ta9 ( h] pictures z a butt]fly are1 z has be5 indicat$1 ( dragon-l aspect1 & we "k t ! butt]fly is 9 "s c\ntries a surrogate ( ! dragon4 ,is obsidian to be reg>d$ z ! 8bones0 ( ! cipactli1 ! e>?-bea/ or dragon8 ,,zapotlant5an 8,,"m ,,( ,,zapotlan0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico2 ,zapotlan4 ,symbol3 ,! eagle-fea!r4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,beh9d ! region ( ! *9 & on ! front "p ( ! neck ! goddess has a black1 almo/ be>d-l pa9t+4 ,%e we>s a cr[n ( pap] fleck$ ) ulli gum1 & decorat$ at ! top ) quetzal-fea!rs4 ,h] coll> is ( *al*ihuitl /ones & %e we>s a pla9 ov]dress & skirt edg$ ) horizontal b&s1 connect$ by slant+ /rips4 ,h] feet are s&all$1 & h] %ield has ! insignia ( ! eagle-fea!r4 ,9 h] h& %e c>ries ! rattle-/aff ( ! ,ra9-god4 ,,prie/hood ,sahagun /ates 7,app5dix to bk4 ii7 t ,zapotlant5an _h a special high-prie/1 ! ,zapotlan teohuatz91 :o 0 *>g$ ) mak+ all ! necess>y arrangem5ts = ! fe/ival ( t goddess1 su* z procur+ a supply ( pap]1 copal1 ulli1 & odorif]\s plants = inc5se4 ,clavig]o says t %e 0 annually hon\r$ ) ! sacrifice ( human victims & ) p>ticul> hymns compos$ 9 h] praise4 #bdd ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,sahagun /ates #bde t %e 0 said to h be5 ! inv5tor or discov]] ( turp5t9e1 :i* 0 us$ 9 ,mexico = m$ic9al purposes1 & x seems probable t %e may h be5 rev]$ z a goddess ( m$ic9e4 ,cle>ly %e is also an e>?-goddess ( ! p ( ! popul\s valley ( ,zapotlan1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,otomi c\ntry1 adopt$ into ! ,mexican pan!on1 b hav+ no place 9 ! cal5d>4 ,,ilamatecutli 8,,! ,,old ,,pr9cess0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,tehuacan 7872 ,cozcatlan 7872 ,*i*imec4 ,m9or ,names3 ,citlall9icue 8,%e ( ! ,/>ry ,skirt40 ,cozcamiauh 8,necklace ( ,maize40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,?irte5? ( ! lords ( ! day-h\rs4 ,compass ,direction3 ,! ,middle4 ,fe/ival3 ,tititl 78/ret*+ ( limbs07 9 ! sev5te5? mon?4 ,relation%ip3 ,sp\se ( ,iztac ,mixcoatl2 v>iant ( ,tonacaciuatl or ,ciuacoatl4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eets #i1 #aa3 ,9 ?is repres5tation ! goddess is %[n ) hair compos$ ( h]on-fea!rs & we>+ a :ite g>m5t4 ,9 ! pictures ( ?is codex ! contract$ corn]s ( h] m\?1 due to old age1 are indicat$ by a r+-%ap$ ornam5t worn bel[ ! upp] lip4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,%e has a skeleton's head1 :i* diff]s f t ( ! ,dea?-god 9 t x is col\r$ yell[1 ) r$ l9es in/ead ( black1 b %[s a simil>ity to x 9 ! ruffl$ 8night-hair0 ) :i* x is cov]$4 ,9 mo/ ( ! pictures ( h] 9 ?is codex h] blue dress is dott$ ) circul> :ite spots :i* are p]haps int5d$ = />s4 ,?is g>m5t is complet$ ) ?ongs1 f :i* dep5d snail-%ells1 a decoration also se5 9 ! rattl+ girdle ornam5ts 7citlalicue7 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,e>? & ,und]world goddesses4 ,,my?s ,accord+ to ! my? relat$ by ,motol9ia1 #bdf ,ilamatecutli or ,ilancuy1 z he designates h]1 0 ! wife ( ,iztac ,mixcoatl 7q4v471 ) :om %e dwelt 9 ,*icomoztoc1 8! l& ( ! sev5 canes10 ! my?ical (fic9a g5tium ( ! ,mexican tribes1 :5ce ! aborig9al ance/ors ( ! sev]al races ( ,mexico 7 suppos$ to h _h _! be+4 ,by a second wife1 ,*9amatl1 or ,*imalmat1 ,iztac ,mixcoatl became ! fa!r ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,,fe/ival ,tititl 78,/ret*+ ( ,limbs074--,?is fe/ival 0 held 9 ! ,kal5ds ( ! sev5te5? mon?1 probably ab\t ,decemb] #ai4 #bdg ,a female slave 0 b\ght by ! au?orities & dress$ z foll[s3 ,%e wore an upp] g>m5t or peplum ( :ite /uff & a skirt ( ! same col\r1 b5ea? :i* %[$ ! citlalicue1 or />-skirt1 ( ! goddess1 a dress spr9kl$ ) />s1 cut at ! ankles 9 ! %ape ( _m ?ongs1 f ea* ( :i* hung a small %ell1 s t :5 %e walk$ ^! came toge!r & made a rattl+ s\nd4 ,h] s&als 7 :ite & %e bore a %ield :it5$ ) *alk1 hav+ a design ( eagle's fea!rs 9 ! c5tre4 ,fr+es ( h]on's fea!rs t]m9at+ 9 eagle's plumes hung f ! l[] edge ( ! %ield4 ,9 ! o!r h& %e c>ri$ ! tzotozopaztli1 a wood5 knife1 us$ = press+ clo?4 ,h] face 0 pa9t$ black & yell[4 ,h] hair 0 dress$ 9 ! =m kn[n z tzompil9alli1 or 8hair ti$ at ! temples10 & eagle's plumes fell f x beh9d4 ,be=e ! victim 0 dispat*$ !y made h] dance to ! s\nd ( in/rum5ts play$ by old m51 :i* m+l$ ) ! *ant+ ( ! prie/s4 ,! wret*$ woman wept & sobb$ z %e danc$1 & z ev5+ approa*$ %e 0 tak5 to ! temple ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 accompani$ by all ! prie/s we>+ _! insignia & ! masks ( _! gods1 "o ( :i* 0 t ( ,ilamatecutli4 ,on arriv+ at ! summit ( ! teocalli1 or pyramid-temple1 %e 0 imm$iately sla91 h] he>t 0 torn out & %e 0 decapitat$4 ,! head 0 giv5 to ! prie/ attir$ 9 ! insignia ( ! goddess1 :o held x 9 8 "r h& by ! hair1 & engag$ 9 a dance1 rais+ & l[]+ ! horrid trophy1 & 9 ?is solemn measure he 0 accompani$ by ! prie/s :o repres5t$ ! o!r div9ities4 ,!y !n desc5d$ ! /eps ( ! teocalli 9 procession1 & s\ght _! qu>t]s4 ,! prie/ ( ,ilamatecutli c>ri$ a great cane1 ! /ock ( :i* _h ?ree roots4 ,! mask ( ! goddess :i* he bore _h two faces ) 8great m\?s1 bulg+ eyes1 & surm\nt$ by a cr[n ( pap] cut into %>p po9ts40 ,! prie/s1 disguis$ z gods1 hav+ ent]$ ! calpulli1 or prie/s' qu>t]s1 a prie/ desc5d$ f ! teocalli dress$ z a "y exquisite1 we>+ a spl5did cloak1 8 head decorat$ ) :ite plumes & we>+ 9 place ( s&als ! ho(s ( a de]4 ,he c>ri$ 9 8 h& a leaf ( ! maguey1 surm\nt$ by a little pap] bann]4 ,he proce$$ to ! quauhxicalco1 a place ( sacrifice pr9cipally associat$ ) human (f]+s to ,tezcatlipoc1 :]e !re 0 a small cage made ( p9e-wood & cov]$ ) pap]1 & kn[n z 8! gran>y ( ,ilamatecutli40 ,! prie/ laid ! maguey-leaf 9 ?is receptacle & !n set ! :ole on fire4 ,see+ ?is1 ! o!r prie/s ru%$ to ! summit ( ! teocalli4 ,?is c]emony 0 kn[n z ! xo*ipayna1 or 8fl[]-runn+40 ,plac+ on high a fl[] call$ teoxo*itl1 or 8blossom ( ! god10 ! fir/ :o ga9$ ! em95ce seiz$ ^u x & ca/ x ^u ! quauhxicalco :]e ! 8cage0 burn$4 ,^u ! foll[+ day ! m5 & boys made little sacks1 :i* !y fill$ ) fl[]s or pap]1 & ) ^! !y skirmi%$ ) "o ano!r & beat ! "y girls :o *anc$ to pass by4 ,! purpose und]ly+ ?is celebration is obscure4 ,! co/ume worn by ! victim is1 ( c\rse1 t ( ! goddess h]self1 & we may1 p]haps1 inf] t ! wood5 knife %e c>ri$1 ! purpose ( :i* 0 to press clo?1 0 symbolical ( "o ( ! dome/ic duties ( ! old] wom51 :om %e appe>s 9 a measure to h repres5t$4 ,! ex]cise ( danc+ to :i* ! victim 0 subject$ seems to be> ref]5ce to ! "n ( ! fe/ival1 tititl1 ! 8/ret*+ ( limbs10 & its purpose 0 probably to ensure vig\r & 8livel9ess0 9 ! e>? or soil1 = x 0 ab\t ?is p]iod t ! w9t] sol/ice occurr$ & ! lab\rs ( ! field 7 r5ew$4 ,! ,e>?-"m mu/1 !re=e1 /ret* h] limbs ere %e once m took up ! great task ( gr[?4 #bdh ,! decapitation ( ! slave girl 0 probably a dramatic-my?ical repres5tation ( ! reap+ ( ! maize4 ,! 8great cane0 borne by ! prie/ ( ,ilamatecutli 01 ( c\rse1 ! magic ra9-rattle1 s prom95t an adjunct to _m ,mexican religi\s c]emonies4 ,! 8"y exquisite0 we mu/ surely expla9 z a repres5tative ( vegetation1 8 de]'s-ho(s s&als hav+1 p]haps1 a pluvial significance1 or else indicat+ ! swift gr[? ( ! maize-plant1 :i* takes b f\r mon?s to rip54 ,! burn+ ( ! maguey-leaf 9 ! gran>y w\ld seem to indicate ! end ( ! season ( vegetative luxuriance & ! comm5cem5t ( t ( dome/ic fires1 & ! ca/+ ( ! sacr$ blossom into ! flames probably possess$ a simil> significance4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,ilamatecutli 0 unque/ionably a goddess ( ! primeval "t1 z h] ag$ appe>ance 9 ! manuscripts1 h] association ) ,iztac ,mixcoatl1 ! old ,*i*imec god1 & h] connection ) fire w\ld lead u to suppose4 ,%e is prim>ily a goddess ( ! e>? & ( maize4 ,h] /ell> connection & h] "n ,citlall9icue 7,/> ,skirt7 are eloqu5t ( h] ,*i*imec d]ivation1 & %e may repres5t ! />ry night sky1 or possibly ! ,milky ,way1 j z does h] my?ical husb&1 & 9 ?is %e connects ) ,tonacaciuatl4 ,z an e>?-goddess %e has also a plutonic significance & c be equat$ ) ,mictecaciuatl1 mi/ress ( ,hades1 9 ?is resembl+ _m o!r e>?-goddesses4 ,aga91 %e is ! 8old goddess0 p> excell5ce1 patroness ( old wom51 & work] at ! metate1 or /one on :i* ! maize cakes 71 & /ill are1 made by ,mexican wom54 ,h] connection ) fire proves h] relative antiquity4 ,! circum/ance t h] mask is describ$ z be+ two-fac$ leads me to believe t h] idol or image _h be5 evolv$ f ! 8,kirn-baby10 or doll made at h>ve/s out ( ! la/ %eaf ( gra9 & furni%$ ) a face & h&s1 frequ5tly ) two faces1 9 ord] t x %\ld n prove ( bad om5 to ^? foll[+ ! image 9 procession4 ,9 ?is respect ,ilamatecutli is simil> to ,*icomecoatl 7q4v474 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,ra9 ,,& ,,moi/ure ,,introductory ,! gods ( ra9 prop] are cle>ly to be di/+ui%$ f ! gods ( gra9 & gr[?1 al?\gh !y 7 reg>d$ by ! anci5t ,mexicans z /imulat+ vegetable pl5te\sness4 ,t !y 7 p>am\nt 9 ! practical !ology ( ! ra9-cult #bdi is evid5t1 =1 :]eas ,quetzalcoatl 0 reg>d$ 9 "o ( 8 phases z ! deification ( ! ra9-mak+ prie/1 ,tlaloc & ! ,tlaloqu possess$ ! entire disposition ( ! ra9fall4 ,sahagun's rem>ks ^u ,quetzalcoatl make x cle> t 9 ?is connection he 0 reg>d$ z a w9d-god :o swept ! way cle> = ! ra9-gods1 or u%]$ 9 ! ra9s4 ,my? relat$ h[ ,quetzalcoatl1 ! fir/ discov]] ( ! maize1 0 robb$ ( 8 f9d by ,tlaloc1 :o aft]w>ds _h ! gov]nance ov] its gr[? & di/ribution4 ,al?\gh ! high-prie/ ( ! ,mexican hi]>*y 0 call$ by ! "n ( ,quetzalcoatl1 ! prelate next 9 importance to him bore ! "n ( ,tlaloc4 ,al?\gh ,quetzalcoatl 0 above all reg>d$ by ! ,aztec z a god ( w9d1 evid5ce is n lack+ t to "s ext5t he 0 look$ ^u z a ra9-god1 or at lea/ a ra9-br++ god4 ,b ! ov]:elm+ sup]iority ( ! ,tlaloqu 9 ?is cult is witness$ to by ! fact t out ( eighte5 great seasonal fe/ivals1 no less ?an five 7 d$icat$ to !m4 #bej ,^? ( ! ,tlaloqu1 or gods ( ra91 ^: names are kn[n 73 ,tlaloc1 ! fa!r ( all1 ,*al*ihuitlicue1 8 wife & si/]1 ,nappatecutli1 god ( ! mat-mak]s1 :o us$ aquatic re$s 9 _! "w1 ,atlaua1 8,"l ( ! ,bea*es0 or lake %ores1 ,uixtociuatl1 goddess ( salt1 & ,opo*tli1 god ( fi%]s & f[l]s1 & inv5tor ( ! net4 ,conc]n+ ! ,tlaloqu ,sahagun rem>ks3 8,! ,mexicans take = gods all ^? high m\nta9s f :i* ! ra9 comes 9 ! ra9y season1 & = ea* ( ^! !y imag9e an idol4444 ,!y also believe t c]ta9 maladies proce$+ f cold h _! orig9 9 ! m\nta9s & t ^! gods h ! p[] to visit !m ^u !m4 ,^? :o 7 attack$ by su* compla9ts made a v[ to ?is or t m\nta91 :i*ev] *anc$ to be 9 ! neighb\rhood1 or t = :i* !y ent]ta9$ ! mo/ devotion4 ,a simil> v[ 0 made by p]sons on ! po9t ( be+ dr[n$ 9 ! riv]s or 9 ! sea4 ,! maladies = :i* !y made ^! v[s 7 g\t 9 ! h&s1 feet1 or any o!r "p ( ! body1 impot5ce 9 any memb]1 or 9 ! entire body1 rheumatism1 ! contraction ( ! memb]s or cramp4 ,^? :o 7 visit$ ) ^! maladies made a v[ to raise a /atue to ! foll[+ gods3 to ! idols ( ! volcano call$ ,popocatepetl 9 ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 to a m\nta9 nam$ ,poyauhtecatl1 or any o!r to :i* ! feel+ ( devotion incl9$ !m4 ,:5 !y propos$ to (f] up to ! m\nta9 or gods1 !y made an image 9 human =m1 a mass call$ tzoalli40 #bea ,^! ! p did n make !mselves1 b call$ 9 ! (fices ( ^? prie/s skill$ 9 ! mak+ ( idols1 :o m\ld$ !m out ( ! pa/e & gave !m tee? ( calaba% pips & eyes ( h>icot beans4 ,! re/ ( ! process ( manufacture is z describ$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ! fe/ival ( ! atemoztli 7see ,tlaloc74 ,^! small figures 7 kn[n z tepictoton1 &1 l ! sacrificial victims to ! ra9-gods1 _! hair 0 dress$ 9 two horns or :orls4 ,,tlaloc 8,,he ,,:o ,,makes ,,?+s ,,spr\t0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,plateau ( ,anahuac4 ,m9or ,names3 ,*icunaui ,ocelotl 8,n9e ,jagu>0 7or ocelot74 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! sev5? day-c\nt1 mazatl 7de]71 & ( ! sev5? tonalamatl division1 ce quiautl 7"o ra974 ,compass ,direction3 ,! f\r qu>t]s 9 8 sev]al aspects4 ,fe/ivals3 ,atlacahualco1 tozoztontli1 etzalqualiztli1 tepeilhuitl1 atemoztli4 ,symbols3 ,8 head1 ) s]p5t9e motif & tusks2 ! day-sign n9e ocelot4 ,relation%ip3 ,husb& 7#a7 ( ,xo*iquetzal2 7#b7 ( ,matlalcuy or ,*al*iuhtlicue4 ,fa!r or bro!r ( ! ,tlaloqu4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,! evolution ( ! famili> & *>act]i/ic face ( ,tlaloc is p]haps be/ exemplifi$ 9 a /one /atuette includ$ 9 ! ,uhde collection 9 ! ,royal ,e?nological ,museum1 ,b]l94 ,9 ?is /rik+ example ( ! ,mexican sculptor's art a repres5tation ( ! face ( ! god is skilfully contriv$ by ! arrangem5t ( two snakes or s]p5ts1 ! tails ( :i* =m eye-orbits & a species ( nose1 ! reptiles' heads meet+ 9 ! region ( ! m\?1 _! fangs ?us s]v+ ! god = tee?4 ,x is r>ely 9 aborig9al art t a conception s individual & /rik+ is enc\nt]$1 & great imag9ative ability mu/ be conc$$ ! sculptor :o conceiv$ x4 ,x is n kn[n :e!r ! lat] pictures & c>v+s ( ,tlaloc 7 evolv$ f ?is effigy1 b x is n unreasonable to suppose t ei!r f x or simil> repres5tations ! lat] conception ( him came into be+4 ,we obs]ve 9 ! examples %[n 9 ! illu/rations t ! cu/om ( repres5t+ div9e be+s 9 pr(ile result$ 9 8 case 9 ! survival ( a m]e r+ ab\t ! eye & a spirally convolut$ b& =m+ ! upp] lip & dep5d+ f x = "s di/ance4 ,^! are pa9t$ blue 9 ! ,,mss4 ,m fai?fully pres]v$ are ! long tusk-l tee?1 :i* 9 c]ta9 /one effigies1 h[ev]1 deg5]ate into sev]al /raight1 d[nw>d /rokes4 ,?is head ( ! ,ra9-god is almo/ inv>iably reproduc$ z ! symbol = ! day-sign atl 7wat]74 ,repres5tations ( ,tlaloc 9 ! codices ( ! ,borgia gr\p occasionally %[ a developm5t ( ! lip-b&1 :i* rises upw>ds & includes ! nose1 ?us1 p]haps1 indicat+ a transition =m4 ,9 ! ,vatican ,b1 ,fejrvry-,may]1 & ,laud ,codices ! prolongation ( ! lip-b& & its s]p5t9e "* are app>5t1 ! snake's tee? & eye be+ cle>ly visible4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #ad3 ,9 ?is place ! body-pa9t ( ,tlaloc is gre51 al?\gh1 z a rule1 x is black else:]e4 ,! face is half-black1 half-yell[4 ,! eye & lip-b&s are blue4 ,! head is cr[n$ ) :ite h]on-fea!rs1 su* z are worn by ! octli gods4 ,a fillet surr\nds ! =ehead1 & f ?is spr+ f\r rosettes1 :i* may symbolize ! f\r qu>t]s f :i* ! ra9 falls4 ,! headdress & its accompany+ ornam5ts are pa9t$ 9 alt]nate /ripes1 gre5 & :ite1 spr9kl$ ) liquid rubb]4 ,a pap] tie adorns ! %\ld]1 su* z 0 us$ = ! decoration ( (f]+s1 or 9 ! c]emonial arrangem5t ( ! dead4 ,! e>-plug is squ>e1 to indicate1 p]haps1 ! f\r qu>t]s4 ,x is 9 ?is codex 7%eet #ab7 t we obta9 ! be/ evid5ce ( ! reflection ( ! v>i\s po9ts ( ! compass ^u ! "* ( ! great god ( ra94 ,b ! mo/ important pictures 9 ,codex ,borgia relat+ to ,tlaloc are ^? on %eet #bg1 :i* illu/rate ! cycle ( fifty-two ye>s1 & %[ 9 ! f\r corn] comp>tm5ts ! f\r days :i* =m ! initial days ( ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! cycle4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 comm5ce ) ce acatl1 8"o re$10 ce tecpatl1 8"o fl9t10 ce calli1 8"o h\se10 ce to*tli1 8"o rabbit10 z might be expect$1 #beb b ) ce cipactli1 8"o e>?-bea/10 ce miquiztli1 8"o dea?10 ce ozomatli1 8"o monkey10 & ce cozcaquauhtli1 8"o vulture10 = ! reason t ! tonalamatl signs "h %[n are hi]oglyphic ( ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! heav5s1 r ?an allusive to ! dates ( ! gr& cycle ( fifty-two ye>s4 ,! middle or fif? region1 :i* is )\t a hi]oglyph1 is ascrib$ to ! c5tral figure4 ,! l[] to ! "r repres5ts ! ea/4 ,to x belongs ! fir/ division ( ! cal5d>1 z well z ! fir/ day ( ! great cycle4 ,tlaloc 9 ?is picture is pa9t$ a d>k col\r1 & we>s ! cipactli head ( ! fir/ cal5d> division z a helmet-mask4 ,! sky above him is figuratively drawn to repres5t a cl\dy firmam5t hold+ ra9 ab\t to fall1 & he /&s ^u ! cipactli1 or e>?-bea/1 :i* symbolizes ! fruitful e>?1 f ^: body spr+s ! maize-plant1 repres5t$ z a t9y head or mask1 on ea* side ( :i* spr\t leaves4 ,! god empties 8 j> ^u ! soil1 & its cont5ts are se5 to be a r5ew$ supply ( maize-e>s1 indicat+ ! b\nte\s nature ( ! ea/]n ,tlaloc4 ,! figure on ! upp] "r %[s ! deity 9 8 nor!rn aspect4 ,! second division ( ! tonalamatl & ( ! cycle are indicat$ 9 its dat+ & on its helmet-mask4 ,! yell[ col\r ( ! god 9 ?is picture is supplem5t$ by ! symbolism ( a bright atmosph]e s5d+ d[n %>p rays ( light1 %[n 9 conv5tional =m by ,v-%ap$ emblems /abb+ d[nw>ds f al(t4 ,b5ea? ! god are %[n ?ree vessels fill$ ) ! br[n-col\r$ wat] :i* falls :5 ! ,ra9-god is unpropiti\s4 ,inde$1 x be>s )9 x ! symbols ( dea?1 ! dea?'s-head eye & bony nasal sp9e4 ,! arti/ic ef=t is to portray wat] :i* has be5 suck$ up by ! p>*$ & crack$ soil ( a ,mexican ,june--wat] :i* has be5 insuffici5t 9 quantity1 or has fall5 too late4 ,!re are pres5t1 too1 9 ! picture1 ! vampire %apes ( su* insects z dev\r ! maize1 ea* decorat$ ) ! dea?'s-head4 ,b1 m fatal sign ?an all1 f ! pit*] ( ! god desc5ds ! lightn+-axe1 wrapp$ 9 symbolic fire4 ,! nor!rn ,tlaloc1 !n1 is no deity ( pl5ty1 b obvi\sly repres5ts ! ,ra9-god 9 8 mo/ deadly & t]rible aspect4 ,! god 9 8 we/]n complexion is pa9t$ blue1 & we>s z a helmet-mask ! sign ( ! ?ird cal5d> division4 ,a cl\dy sky fleck$ ) ra9 %[s ! p>tial desc5t ( ! s]p5t-l %[]s1 & ! maize-plants b5ea? him /& 9 heavy puddles ( wat]4 ,! s\!rn aspect ( ,tlaloc 7t on ! l[] left7 is pa9t$ r$1 & ! helmet-mask is 9 vulture =m1 z 9 consonance ) ! sign ( ! f\r? cal5d> division4 ,f a cl\dless sky d>t ! conv5tional sun-rays z describ$ 9 ! second picture1 b b5ea? ! foot ( ! div9ity are repres5tations ( ! maize-plant run to se$4 ,small animals1 ! faces ( :i* be> "s resemblance to a dea?'s-head1 dev\r !m4 ,once aga9 ! lightn+-axe falls f ! j> held by ! god1 accompani$ by its bright1 symbolic flame4 ,! c5tral figure repres5ts ! influ5ce ( ! ,ra9-god f ! z5i?4 ,! ,tlaloc :o presides ov] ?is situation is /rip$ r$ & :ite 7! col\rs ( night & twilight7 & he is repres5t$ 9 ! normal insignia ( ! ,ra9-god4 ,he is accompani$ by ! signs = day & night1 & ! e>?-goddesses clu/] ar\nd 8 feet4 ,f ! j> he holds are p\r$ all mann] ( w>like implem5ts--! atlatl1 javel91 %ield1 & bann]4 ,! simil> fivefold repres5tation ( ,tlaloc on %eet #bh is believ$ by ,sel] to illu/rate 8 connection ) ! ,v5us p]iod4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,a4--,%eet #bj3 ,"h ,tlaloc is repres5t$ ) ! body pa9t$ black1 ! =e-"p ( ! face black & ! h9d] portion yell[4 ,8 *9 is be>d$ & ! lip-b& is prolong$1 z describ$ above4 ,9 front ( 8 mantle is a /one knife1 f :i* fire issues4 ,8 attire is pa9t$ 9 alt]nate /ripes ( black & gre51 fleck$ ) melt$ rubb]4 ,he we>s ! fillet ( ,tonatiuh1 ! ,sun-god1 & ! /rips ( hide :i* fall f ! pana*e ( fea!rs on 8 head are also "p ( ! ,sun-god's insignia4 ,he holds a burnt (f]+ ( firewood & rubb] 9 8 h&1 envelop$ 9 a cov]+ pa9t$ black & gre51 fleck$ alt]nately4 ,! type ( ! t>ns or pools into :i* su* (f]+s 7 ca/ is depict$ 9 front ( him1 9 ! dep?s ( :i* are se5 fi%es & snails4 ,codex ,magliabec*iano4--,%eet #ib3 ,"h he is repres5t$ 9 female co/ume &1 z 9 ! ,sahagun ,,mss41 a :ite circul> spot or pat* ) black dots is visible on ! god's *eek1 :i*1 ! text implies1 0 made ( ! cru%$ se$ ( ! ,mexican prickly poppy 7,argemone ,mexicana74 ,g5]al4--,o!r details 9 ! co/ume ( ! ,ra9-god are eloqu5t ( 8 nature & *>act]i/ics4 ,9 ! ,borgia gr\p ( codices 8 g>m5t & headdress are d>k gre51 fleck$ ) melt$ rubb]1 :il/ 9 ^? codices f ! ,mexican c\ntry prop] we f9d !m pa9t$ blue1 bespott$ ) ! same unpleasant inc5se4 ,8 robe1 ! ana*xecilli 78dripp+-g>m5t10 8cl\d-g>m5t071 is said to be 8set ) gre5 gems10 & 9 8 e> is a broad plate ) a dep5d5t b& on :i* are work$ small] figures made ( *al*ihuitl /ones4 ,on 8 brea/ he we>s a wide coll> ( plait$ /uff 7re$s87 also enri*$ ) ! preci\s gre5 /one typical ( wat]1 & a l>ge gold disk4 ,9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,a1 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano1 & ! ,sahagun ,,mss4 we f9d him we>+ at ! nape ( 8 neck a l>ge cresc5t-%ap$ loop :i* projects on ea* side ( ! head & is secur$ 9 ! middle by a rosette1 z well z 8 cr[n ( h]on-fea!rs4 ,9 ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,b a l>ge fan-%ap$ object pa9t$ d>k gre5 & :ite projects beh9d ! head ( ! god4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #ad71 too1 he we>s ! headdress ( ,mayauel1 ! goddess ( ! agave plant1 b ! col\rs 9 :i* x is pa9t$ 7d>k gre5 & :ite ) rubb] fleck+7 are 8 own & n ! blue & :ite ( ! female div9ity4 ,9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano 7%eet #gg7 & on a /one relief 9 ! ,trocad]o ,museum1 ,tlaloc is repres5t$ z hold+ a jug 9 "o h& & a /aff 9 ! o!r1 ! latt] ( a blue col\r & hav+ s]p5t9e b&s 9 its l5g?4 ,9 ,codices ,vaticanus ,b & ,a he also holds ?is s]p5t9e w& & 9 ! o!r ! inc5se-p\* m>k$ ) a cross1 to symbolize ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! heav5s4 ,occasionally he is se5 hold+ ! agave ?orn or spike & ! omitl bone1 ! implem5ts ( mortification1 z 9 ,codex ,borbonicus & ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #fg74 ,gama 7,dos ,pi$ras1 pt4 i1 p4 #aja2 pt4 ii1 pp4 #gf-gi7 /ates t 9 ,tlaloc's left h& 0 a %ield ornam5t$ ) fea!rs4 ,9 8 "r 7 ?91 wavy %eets ( gold1 repres5t+ 8 ?und]bolts1 or sometimes a gold5 s]p5t1 repres5t+ ei!r ! ?und]bolt or moi/ure4 ,on 8 feet 7 a k9d ( half-boots1 ) little bells ( gold hang+ !refrom4 ,r\nd 8 neck 0 a b& or coll> set ) gold & gems1 :ile f 8 wri/s dep5d$ /r+s ( co/ly /ones4 ,8 dress 0 an azure smock1 rea*+ to ! middle ( ! ?igh1 cross-hat*$ all ov] ) ribbons ( silv] =m+ squ>es1 & 9 ! middle ( ea* squ>e 0 a circle ( silv]1 :ile 9 ! angle !re( 7 fl[]s1 pe>l-col\r$1 ) yell[ leaves hang+ d[n4 ,8 %ield 0 simil>ly decorat$1 ) fea!rs ( yell[ & gre51 fle%-col\r & blue1 ea* col\r =m+ a di/9ct b&4 ,! body 0 nak$ f mid-?igh d[n1 & ( a grey t9t1 z 0 also ! face4 ,?is face _h only "o eye1 ( a some:at extraord9>y "*3 !re 0 an ext]ior circle ( blue1 ! int]ior 0 :ite ) a black l9e across x1 & a little semicircle bel[ ! l9e4 ,ei!r r\nd ! :ole eye or r\nd ! m\? 0 a d\bl$ b& or ribbon ( blue4 ,9 ! op5 m\? 7 ?ree gr9d]s4 ,! front tee? 7 pa9t$ r$1 z 0 also ! p5dant ) its button ( gold t hung f 8 e>4 ,he wore an op5 cr[n ( :ite & gre5 fea!rs1 f :i* dep5d$ r$ & :ite plumes4 ,ixtlilxo*itl repres5ts him 9 ! mon? etzalli pictur$ ) a cane ( maize 9 ! "o h&1 & 9 ! o!r an in/rum5t ) :i* he is digg+ ! gr\nd1 9 :i* he places maize-leaves & a k9d ( food1 l fritt]s1 call$ etzalli4 ,sahagun ,,ms4--,?is /ates t ! god's face 0 entirely black ) a few spots ( salvia *ia4 ,! body 0 also ( a d>k col\r4 ,he we>s a 8mi/0 or 8cl\d0 %irt )\t sleeves1 9 ! ,toltec fa%ion1 fall+ to ! knee1 & a clo? is roll$ r\nd ! hips4 ,! cr[n is ( h]on-fea!rs1 & ! s&als symbolize ! foam ( wat]4 ,! %ield is inset ) wat]-fl[]s or ru%es1 & ! god c>ries a :ite ru% /aff4 ,,/atu>y ,,& ,,vases ,z has be5 said1 ! vases 9 ! ,uhde collection & 9 ! ,an?ropological ,museum at ,b]l9 %[ ! ,tlaloc face1 probably 9 its e>li] /ate ( developm5t4 ,9 bo? ( ^! a s]p5t9e motif ar*es ov] ! eyes & meets 9 a knot or twi/ :i* =ms ! nose1 :ile a sep>ate s]p5t patt]n =ms ! m\? 9 a m\/a*e-l mann]1 ! long tee? jutt+ out f und]nea? x4 ,ano!r f\nd 9 ! ,calle de las ,escal]illas1 ,mexico ,city1 is id5tical ) ^! la/4 ,a /one slab f\nd at ,c]ro de ,zapotitlan1 ne> ,ca/illo de ,teayo1 & resembl+ a tomb/one1 %[s ! face ( ,tlaloc v cle>ly1 ! *>act]i/ic fea!r cr[n & ! long tusk-l tee? be+ especially noticeable4 ,ano!r /one figure f\nd at ,teayo is fully illu/rative ( ! god's facial *>act]i/ics1 b ! two s]p5ts tw9+ toge!r to =m ! nose spr+ upw>ds &1 aft] trav]s+ ! position ( ! eyebr[1 end ) _! tails above ?is 9 a fl\ri%4 ,! back-fan is well repres5t$ 9 ?is figure1 :i* has also a mantle & a wai/-belt4 ,9 a relief f\nd at ,teayo 9 :i* ,tlaloc is repres5t$ along ) ,xo*iquetzal1 we see once m ! mann] 9 :i* ! s]p5t9e motifs ar\nd ! m\? & eyes h become unifi$ ?r\gh ! exig5cies ( repres5tation 9 pr(ile4 ,! usual insignia are repres5t$ "h1 su* z ! necklace1 ! back-fan1 & ! %ort tunic2 b c]ta9 knots or b[s on ! dress lead me to ?9k t :at h be5 commonly tak5 = spr9kl+s ( indi>ubb] gum 7ulli7 may be small ornam5tal knots ( "s textile mat]ial4 ,vases f\nd at ,tlaxcallan & 9 ! ,mixtec c\ntry %[ precisely ! same *>act]i/ics4 ,,my?s ,! my? explanatory ( ! ,tlaloqu is f\nd 9 ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas 7c4 ii71 #bec :i* tells h[ ! ra9-gods liv$ 9 f\r *amb]s surr\nd+ a great c\rt 9 :i* /ood f\r imm5se wat]-casks4 ,9 "o ( ^! good wat] 0 /or$1 :i* desc5d$ ^u ! gra9 :5 x 0 9 process ( gr[?4 ,bad wat] /ood 9 ! next1 :i* produc$ fungus gr[?1 caus+ ! maize to turn black4 ,:5 ra9 & fro/ came toge!r x 0 ?\ght t ! ?ird cask _h be5 drawn ^u1 & ! f\r? 0 fill$ ) su* ra9 z 0 foll[$ by no gr[?1 or by su* gr[? z grew s]e & )]$4 ,tlaloc1 we le>n f ?is acc\nt1 _h creat$ = ! purposes ( ra9-mak+ a numb] ( dw>fs :o made _! homes 9 ! f\r *amb]s ( 8 h\se1 & :o c>ri$ /icks 9 _! h&s1 & j>s into :i* !y drew wat] f ! great casks4 ,:5 ,tlaloc comm&$ !m to wat] a c]ta9 tract ( c\ntry !y p\r$ wat] f ! j>s !y held1 & ! lightn+-fla% 0 suppos$ to proce$ f ! crack+ or break+ ( _! vessels4 ,?is my? is repres5t$ 9 ! ,codex ,borgia1 p4 #bg1 z already describ$4 ,ano!r piece ( my?ic in=mation is f\nd 9 ! ,song ( ! ,ra9-god1 ! f\r? canticle 9 ,sahagun's collection1 :i* has be5 translat$ z foll[s3 ,i ,oh1 ,mexico has done s]vice ) ! gods1 ,! pap] flags fly ov] ! f\r corn]s ( ! heav5s1 ,x is no m a "t ( m\rn+4 ,,ii ,oh1 ,tlaloc 7! ,ra9-god7 has be5 creat$ 7,i4e4 my /atue has be5 set on ! temple71 ,my ,god has become a d>k r$ col\r f ! blood ( ! sacrifices4 ,! :ole day !y took1 ) ! mak+ ( ra9 9 ! temple c\rt4 ,,iii ,o my ,*iefta91 ! maize-pr9ce1 ,9 tru? x is y\r produce2 ,y creat$ x fir/2 ,& yet !y only d insult to y4 ,!y c h no?+ aga9/ y2 ,di/ribute ?\ no (f]+4 ,,iv ,b !y abuse me 7ab/a9 f sacrifice71 ,i am !re=e n satisfi$1 ,my fa!r1 my old prie/1 ,! ,jagu>-s]p5t4 ,v ,out ( ! ,tlalocan ! turquoise h\se 7! blue h\se7 ,came ?y fa!r1 ,acatonal4 ,,vi ,o g1 g d[n on ! m\nta9 ,poyauhtlan ,) ! mi/ rattle-bo>d2 ,wat] w be s5t f ,tlalocan1 ,! c\ntry ( ! ra9-gods4 ,,vii ,o my eld] bro!r ,toxcuecuex6 ,i w g2 x is en\gh to make him weep4 ,,viii ,o s5d me to ! place t no "o kn[s4 ,d[n came 8 ^w2 ,i spoke to him1 ,tetzauhpilli1 ,i w g2 t is en\gh to make him weep4 ,,ix ,aft] f\r ye>s he w be plac$ ov] u4 ,( !e x 0 said1 ,! place ( ! fall51 ,! quetzal fea!r-h\se1 ! place ( pl5ty1 ,& yet he becomes di/ribut] = ! ,k+dom4 ,x w\ld be ra% to attempt any precise elucidation ( ?is obscure song4 ,briefly & d\btfully1 ,i may say1 x seems to me t its t5d5cy is z foll[s3 ,! song evid5tly ref]s to "o ( ! fe/ivals ( ! ,ra9-god1 probably ! atemoztli1 :5 mu* "t 0 occupi$ 9 8ra9-mak+0 c]emonies1 z ! canticle indicates4 ,! pi\s mak] ( ! song _h evid5tly 9 m9d ! my? :i* told h[ ,tlaloc /ole ! maize f ,quetzalcoatl1 an ass]tion to :i* he objects 7v]se iii71 & advises ! god to )hold 8 produce4 ,?is my?1 :i* is giv5 9 ! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan 7,codex ,*imalpopoc71 ! second or hi/orical portion1 /ates t ,quetzalcoatl discov]$ maize 9 ! m\nta9 ,tonacatepetl4 ,to d s1 he took ! =m ( a black ant & 0 l$ to ! spot by a r$ ant4 ,z he 0 unable to lift ! m\nta91 x 0 split op5 by ! magical pr[ess ( ,xolotl 9 8 phase ( ,nanahuatl & ! maize 0 secur$ by ,quetzalcoatl1 b 0 /ol5 f him by ,tlaloc4 ,9 v]se iv ( ! song "u discussion ,tlaloc replies 9 agreem5t ) 8 s]vant1 :om x is1 p]haps1 t he addresses z ,jagu>-s]p5t1 ,jagu> 7,balam71 be+ a common designation ( prie/s among ! ,maya-,qui*e4 #bed ,or x may h ref]5ce to ! god himself1 "o ( ^: names is 8,n9e ,jagu>40 ,! god w\ld seem to ref] to "s unkn[n my? relat+ to 8 own p>5tage 9 v]se v4 ,! "n ,acatonal 78,re$ ( ! ,sun07 giv5 to 8 fa!r seems to h a cal5dric significance4 ,! c]emony ( ! mi/ rattle-bo>d1 ! rattl+ ( :i* 0 suppos$ to br+ ra9 by sympa!tic magic1 0 "o ( ! c]emonies connect$ ) ra9-mak+ at m ?an "o ( ! fe/ivals ( ! ,tlaloqu4 ,poyauhtlan 78,place ( ,mugwort07 is a di/rict ( ,tlalocan1 z well z ! "n ( 8 temple1 & ,toxcuecuex is ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,! la/ v]se seems to allude to ! my? m5tion$ 9 ! int]pretation ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a1 :]e x is /at$ t1 z no ra9 _h fall5 = a p]iod ( f\r ye>s1 ,quetzalcoatl began to make sacrifices to obta9 x1 &1 ! wor%ipp] or prie/ h9ts1 w receive ! consequ5t hon\r4 ,accord+ to ,botur9i1 quot+ ,gemelli ,c>r]i 7tom4 #f1 p4 #hc71 ,tlaloc 0 ! deity :o at ! behe/ ( ,tezcatlipoc rais$ ! e>? out ( ! wat]s ( ! univ]sal flood1 & :o c\nsels m5 by 8 div9e messages writt5 9 ! lightn+ & ! ?und]bolt to live wisely & morally4 ,l mo/ ( ! !ories ( ?is writ]1 ?is is pure allegory4 ,foll[+ ! analogy ( ! cal5d> /one1 we seem to see ,tlaloc z ! sun dur+ ! p]iod ( ,naui ,quiauitl1 or 8,f\r ,ra910 :i* end$ 9 a univ]sal conflagration4 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a alludes to ,tlaloc z fem99e1 speaks ( him z 8goddess ( wat]10 & expla9s ,tlaloqu z signify+ 8f9e wea!r40 ,f>!r on he /ates t 8on ! #ba/ ( ,decemb] !y celebrat$ ! fe/ival ( ?is god ?r\gh ^: in/rum5tality !y say ! e>? became aga9 visible aft] x _h be5 cov]$ ) ! wat]s ( ! deluge2 !y !re=e kept 8 fe/ival dur+ ! tw5ty foll[+ signs1 9 :i* !y p]=m$ sacrifices to him40 ,! abode ( ,tlaloc 0 9 ,tlalocan1 ! heights on ! road f ,texcuco to ,huetzotz9ca & ,tlaxcallan1 a high & %ady place4 #bee ,?is locality rema9$ v]dant & moi/ because ( its proximity to ! sn[y peaks above x ev5 :5 ! pla9s b5ea? langui%$ 9 dr\ght "u m]ciless sun%9e1 & x seems natural t x %\ld h appeal$ to ! anci5t ,mexicans z a fitt+ abode = ! god ( ra94 ,( ,tlalocan 9 its m my?ical s5se1 ,sahagun 7c4 ii1 ,app5dix to bk4 iii7 says t !re 0 abundance ( all refre%m5ts1 gre5 maize1 calaba%es1 & o!r vegetables & fruits4 ,"h dwelt ! ,tlaloqu1 :o resembl$ ! prie/s :o m9i/]$ to _! idols 9 t !y wore _! hair long4 ,! folk :o w5t to t p>adise 7 ^? :o _h be5 kill$ by lightn+1 ! lepr\s1 g\ty1 & dropsical--any su*1 9 fact1 :o _h di$ f a 8wat]y0 compla9t4 ,9 ,tlalocan !y enjoy$ a p]petual summ]4 ,,fe/ivals ,quaitl eloa4--,! fir/ annual fe/ival to ! ,tlaloqu 0 ! quaitl eloa1 ( :i* ,sahagun says3 8,9 ! fir/ days ( ! fir/ mon? ( ! ye>1 :i* mon? 0 call$ 9 "s p>ts ( ,mexico quavitleloa1 b g5]ally atlacahualco1 & beg9s on ! second ( our ,febru>y1 a great fea/ 0 made 9 hon\r ( ! ,tlalocs1 gods ( ra9 & wat]4 ,= ?is occasion _m *ildr5 at ! brea/ 7 pur*as$ f _! mo!rs2 ^? be+ *os5 t _h two :orls 9 _! hair1 & t _h be5 born "u a good sign2 x be+ said t su* 7 ! mo/ agreeable sacrifices to ! /orm-gods1 & mo/ likely to induce !m to s5d ra9 9 due season4 ,"s ( ^! infants 7 but*]$ = ?is div9e holiday on c]ta9 m\nta9s1 & "s 7 dr[n$ 9 ! ,lake ( ,mexico4 ,) ! beg9n+ ( ! fe/ival1 9 e h\se1 f ! hut to ! palace1 c]ta9 poles 7 set up1 & to ^! 7 atta*$ /rips ( ! pap] ( ! c\ntry1 daub$ ov] ) indi>ubb] gum1 ^! /rips be+ call$ amateteuitl2 ?is 0 consid]$ an hon\r to ! wat]-gods4 ,& ! fir/ place :]e *ildr5 7 kill$ 0 ,quauhtepetl1 #bef a high m\nta9 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,tlatelulco2 all infants1 boys or girls1 sacrific$ !re 7 call$ by ! "n ( ! place1 ,quauhtepetl1 & 7 decorat$ ) /rips ( pap]1 dy$ r$4 ,! second place :]e *ildr5 7 kill$ 0 ,yoaltecatl1 #beg a high m\nta9 ne> ,guadalupe4 ,! victims 7 decorat$ ) pieces ( black pap] ) r$ l9es on x1 & 7 nam$ aft] ! place1 ,yoaltecatl4 ,! ?ird dea?-halt 0 made at ,tepetz+o1 a well-kn[n hillock t rose up f ! wat]s ( ! lake opposite ,tlatelulco2 !re !y kill$ a little girl1 deck+ h] ) blue pap]1 & call+ h] ,quezalxo*1 #beh = s 0 ?is hillock call$ by ano!r "n4 ,poiauhtla1 #bei on ! b\nd>y ( ,tlascala1 0 ! f\r? hill ( sacrifice4 ,"h !y kill$ *ildr51 nam$ z usual aft] ! locality1 & decorat$ ) pap]1 on :i* 7 l9es ( indi>ubb] oil4 ,! fif? place ( sacrifice 0 ! :irlpool or s9k ( ! ,lake ( ,mexico1 ,pantitlan4 #bfj ,^? dr[n$ "h 7 call$ ,epcoatl1 #bfa & _! adornm5t epuepaniuhqui4 #bfb ,! six? hill ( dea? 0 ,cocotl1 #bfc ne> ,*alcoat5co2 ! infant victims 7 nam$ aft] x & decorat$ ) /rips ( pap]1 ( :i* half ! numb] 7 r$ & half a tawny col\r4 ,! m\nt ,yiauhqueme1 #bfd ne> ,atlacuioaia1 0 ! sev5? /ation2 ! victims be+ nam$ aft] ! place & adorn$ ) a pap] ( tawny col\r4 8,:5 ! procession rea*$ ! temple ne> ,tepetz9co1 on ! ea/1 call$ ,tozoacab1 ! prie/s re/$ !re all night1 wat*+ & s++ songs1 s t ! *ildr5 c\ld n sleep4 ,9 ! morn+ ! m>* 0 aga9 resum$2 if ! *ildr5 wept copi\sly ^? ar\nd !m 7 v glad1 say+ x 0 a sign t mu* ra9 w\ld fall2 :ile if !y met any dropsical p]son on ! road1 x 0 tak5 = a bad om5 & some?+ t w\ld h9d] ! ra94 ,if any ( ! temple m9i/]s1 or ( ! o!rs call$ quaquavitli1 or ( ! old m51 broke (f f ! procession or turn$ back to _! h\ses be=e !y came to ! place :]e ! sacrifice 0 done1 !y 7 held infam\s & unwor?y ( any public (fice2 !nce=w>d !y 7 call$ mocauhque1 t is to say1 #8des]t]s4'0 #bfe ,tozozontli4--,! second fe/ival to ,tlaloc 0 tozozontli1 ( :i* ,sahagun says3 8,! ?ird mon? 0 designat$ toozontli1 ! fir/ day ( x be+ consecrat$ to ! fe/ival ( ! god ,tlaloc1 :o is ! div9ity ( ra94 ,_m *ildr5 7 sla9 on ! m\nta9s & (f]$ 9 sacrifice to ?is god & 8 colleagues1 9 ord] to obta9 wat]4 ,! fir/ fruits ( ! fl[]s ( ! ye> 7 (f]$ 9 ! temple call$ ,yopico1 no "o d>+ to smell a fl[] until ?is (f]+ _h be5 made4 ,! g>d5]s1 :o 7 designat$ xo*imanque1 held a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( _! goddess call$ ,coatlicue1 also kn[n z ,coatlan tonan4 8,x 0 likewise dur+ ?is mon? t ^? :o _h be5 we>+ ! sk9s ( ! dead s9ce ! mon? previ\s1 n[ /ripp$ !m (f & ?rew !m into ! bas9 ( ! temple /yl$ ,yopico4 ,?is 0 done 9 procession & ) great c]emony4 ,!y smelt l rott5 dogs2 & aft] disrob+ !y p]=m$ devotional ablutions4 8,sick p made v[s to take "p 9 ?is procession 9 ! hope ( be+ cur$ ( _! infirmities1 & we are assur$ t _m ( !m 7 ?us re/or$4 8,! ma/]s ( ! captives & ! p ( _! h\ses p]=m$ p5ance = tw5ty days1 nei!r ba?+ nor wa%+ until ! sk9s ( _! victims _h be5 c>ri$ to ! bas9 ( ! temple above m5tion$1 & alleg+ _! p5ance 0 9 hon\r ( _! captives4 8,! p]iod ( p5ance be+ ov]1 !y ba!d & wa%$1 & invit$ _! neighb\rs & fri5ds to banquets1 p]=m+ elaborate c]emonies ) ! bones ( _! dead slaves4 ,^! tw5ty days until ! foll[+ mon? 7 entirely sp5t 9 s++ 9 ! build+s call$ cuicacalli1 ev]yone be+ always seat$1 )\t danc+1 & incessantly *ant+ ! praises ( _! deities4 ,o!r rites 7 p]=m$1 an acc\nt ( :i* w be giv5 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) !m40 #bff ,etzalqualiztli4--,! ?ird fe/ival to ! ,tlaloqu g5]ally 0 ! etzalqualiztli4 ,conc]n+ ?is fea/ ,sahagun relates3 8,on ! fir/ day ( ?is mon? a fe/ival 0 held 9 hon\r ( ! gods ( ra94 ,! prie/s ( ^! div9ities fa/$ = f\r days prior to ! fe/ival1 ^! days consequ5tly be+ ! la/ f\r ( ! previ\s mon?4 ,on ! occasion ( ^! celebrations ! att5dant satellites ( ! idols repair$ to ,citlaltepec to pull ! ru%es :i* gr[ v high & v beautifully 9 a pond call$ ,temilco4 ,f !nce !y c>ri$ !m to ,mexico1 to decorate ! temples4 ,no "o 0 to be se5 on ! road :i* !y trav]s$2 ev]yone took c>e to hide 9 case !y %\ld meet !m4 ,b if1 un=tunately1 ! prie/s enc\nt]$ anyone on ! road1 !y /ripp$ him ( ev]y?+1 leav+ him nak$ z a worm1 & %\ld he d>e to def5d himself1 he 0 maltreat$ & left = dead ^u ! highway4 ,ev5 _h he c>ri$ ! treasure ( ,moteuhoma & be5 robb$ ( x1 x is q c]ta9 t no puni%m5t w\ld h fall5 ^u !m1 =1 9 _! capacity z prie/s ( ! idols1 !y 7 at lib]ty to d su* ?+s & worse )\t fe> ( consequ5ces4 8,on ! day ( ! fe/ival ( etzalqualiztli1 ev]yone prep>$ cakes or a bro? call$ etzalli1 :i* 0 consid]$ z a delicacy among !m1 ev]ybody p>tak+ ( !m at home1 & %>+ ! repa/ ) visitors4 ,a ?\s& follies 7 p]petrat$ on t day4 8,on ! occasion ( ?is fe/ival ^? prie/s ( ! idols :o _h committ$ faults 9 ! ex]cise ( _! functions 7 t]ribly puni%$ on ! wat]s ( ! lake4 ,!y 7 maltreat$ to ! po9t ( be+ left = dead on ! banks ( ! lake1 :i!r _! p>5ts or relatives repair$ to take !m home almo/ lifeless4 8,dea? 0 also inflict$ on a great numb] ( captives & slaves dress$ 9 ! trapp+s ( ! god ,tlaloc1 9 ^: temples !y 7 sla9 9 _! hon\r2 ! he>ts ( ^? un=tunates 7 !n ?r[n into ! gap+ hole 9 ! middle ( ! lake1 :i* 0 at t "t q visible4 #bfg ,_m o!r rites 7 p]=m$ z well40 #bfh ,tepeilhuitl4--,! f\r? fe/ival to ! gods ( ! wat]-giv+ m\nta9s 0 ! tepeilhuitl4 ,sahagun says ( ?is3 8,dur+ ?is mon? fe/ivals 7 held 9 hon\r ( ! high m\nta9s :i* 7 ! po9t ( dep>ture ( ! cl\ds1 & :i* are v num]\s 9 ?is l& ( ,new ,spa94 ,to ea* ( ^! a /atue 9 human =m 0 erect$ out ( a pa/e call$ tzoalli1 & (f]+s 7 made to ^! idols 9 hon\r ( ^! m\nta9s4 8,s]p5ts 7 also made 9 _! hon\r out ( wood or ! roots ( trees1 :i* 7 s c>v$ z to t]m9ate 9 an add]'s head4 ,long pieces ( wood ( ! size ( a fi/ 7 also made1 :i* 7 call$ ecatotont9 78little w9ds074 ,!y 7 smoo!d on ! surface ) a lump ( tzoalli1 & 7 baptiz$ z m\nta9s1 be+ plac$ ^u m5's heads4 8,images 7 also made 9 memory ( p :o _h be5 dr[n$1 or ( ^? :o _h di$ su* a dea? z entitl$ _! bodies to be buri$ in/ead ( be+ burnt4 8,hav+ plac$ ! /atues j describ$ ^u ! alt>s ) great c]emony1 tamalli & _m o!r foods 7 (f]$ to !m2 hymns 7 *ant$1 & w9e drunk 9 _! hon\r4 8,! day ( ! m\nta9 fe/ival hav+ come r\nd1 f\r wom5 & a man 7 sla94 ,"o ( ! wom5 0 call$ ,tepexo*1 ! second ,matlalque1 ! ?ird ,xo*itecatl1 ! f\r? ,mayauel2 ! man bore ! "n ( ,milnauatl4 #bfi ,^! wom51 z well z ! man1 7 deck$ ) pap] ano9t$ ) ulli gum1 & c]ta9 females1 ri*ly dress$1 c>ri$ !m 9 litt]s ^u _! %\ld]s to ! place :]e !y 7 to be kill$4 8,aft] !y 7 sla9 & _! he>ts torn out1 !y 7 tak5 sl[ly away1 be+ dragg$ d[n ! temple /airs to ! bottom1 :]e _! heads 7 cut (f & plac$ ^u wood5 pikes1 :ile _! bodies 7 tak5 to ! calpulli #bgj & !re divid$ = eat+4 ,! pap]s ) :i* ! /atues 7 decorat$ 7 hung up 9 ! temples1 aft] ! /atues _h be5 brok5 up = food40 #bga ,atemoztli4--,on ! sixte5? mon?1 atemoztli1 ! p celebrat$ ! ,ra9-god's fe/ival 9 "r good e>ne/4 ,says ,sahagun #bgb3 8,! sixte5? mon? 0 call$ atemoztli1 t is to say ! ra9 mon?1 :5 ! ?und] & heavy ra9s began to display !mselves4 ,! p said1 #8,n[ ! ,tlaloqu come4' 8,at ?is "t ! prie/s began to pray e>ne/ly = ra91 do+ p5ance ! :ile4 ,tak+ _! c5s]s ( s]p5t-head$ brass1 !y ?rew ! inc5se call$ yiauhtli1 !y rang little bells atta*$ to ! c5s]1 & c5s$ all ! /atues ( ! gods & all ! qu>t]s ( ! t[n4 ,z on ano!r occasion1 !y made images ( ! m\nta9s dur+ ! "t !y fa/$1 & prep>$ ! pap] usually us$ 9 ^! c]emonies4 ,dur+ five days :5 !y ba!d !mselves !y p]mitt$ no wat] to fall ^u ! head or to g above ! neck4 ,!y also ab/a9$ f wom54 ,! night :i* prec$$ ! atemoztli1 :i* !y celebrat$ on ! tw5tie? day ( ! mon?1 !y occupi$ 9 cutt+ ! pap]1 :i* !y gumm$ ) ulli1 & :i* 0 !n call$ teteuitl4 ,^! !y atta*$ to long poles1 :i* !y plant$ 9 ! c\rts ( ! h\ses1 :]e !y rema9$ dur+ ! day ( ! fea/4 ,! pa/e images !y made repres5t$ ! m\nta9s surr\nd+ ! valley ( ,anahuac4 ,^! 7 plac$ 9 ! oratory ( ! h\se1 :]e !y 7 (f]$ food1 & p sat 9 front ( !m1 s]v+ !m 9 t9y vessels full ( food1 little pots & vessels ( cocoa & food1 :i* 7 (f]$ f\r times a night4 ,nor 0 an (f]+ ( pulque =gott54 ,!y sang all night be=e ^! images1 & play$ on ! flute4 ,at daybreak ! prie/s ask$ ! p ( ! h\se = a tzotzo paztli1 or weav]'s bodk91 ) :i* !y op5$ ! /oma*s ( ! images4 ,!y also behead$ !m & drew out _! he>ts1 :i* !y h&$ to ! ma/] ( ! h\se 9 a gre5 porr+]4 ,!y !n /ripp$ !m ( ! pap] ) :i* !y 7 deck$1 :i* !y burn$ 9 ! c\rt ( ! h\se along ) ! vi&s (f]$ to ! images40 #bgc ,cam>go1 :o _h witness$ ! fe/ivals to ,tlaloc ?irty ye>s be=e writ+ 8 book1 /ates t #bgd :5 ! ra9 fail$ & ! l& 0 p>*$ ) dr\ght1 great processions 7 made 9 :i* a numb] ( ! hairless edible dogs ( ! c\ntry 7 c>ri$ on decorat$ litt]s to a place ( sacrifice & !re kill$ & _! he>ts cut out1 aft] :i* ! bodies 7 eat5 ) mu* fe/ivity4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 relat$ to a p]iod subsequ5t to ! ,conque/1 :5 human sacrifice 0 =bidd54 ,he fur!r /ates t old ,aztec prie/s _h in=m$ him t ! he>ts ( ! human be+s sacrific$ to ,tlaloc 7 fir/ held up to ! sun1 !n to ! rema9+ ?ree c>d9al po9ts1 aft] :i* !y 7 burn$4 ,tlaloc 0 held 9 high respect1 & prie/s alone _h ! "r to ent] 8 temple4 ,:oev] d>$ to blaspheme aga9/ him 0 suppos$ to die sudd5ly by a ?und]bolt1 no matt] h[ cle> ! sky may h be54 ,! prie/s1 he adds1 took good c>e to ret>d 8 fe/ivals until !y saw indication ( com+ ra94 ,,temples ,,& ,,places ,,( ,,wor%ip ,! e>lie/ record$ place ( wor%ip ( ?is deity is t spok5 ( by ,clavig]o #bge 9 "o ( ! few enlight5+ passages :i* he p]mits himself1 z foll[s3 8,! native hi/orians relate1 t ! ,acolhuas hav+ arriv$ 9 t c\ntry 9 ! "t ( ,xolotl1 ! fir/ ,*i*imecan k+1 f\nd at ! top ( ! m\nta9 ( ,tlaloc1 an image ( t god1 made ( a :ite & v light /one1 9 ! %ape ( a man sitt+ ^u a squ>e /one1 ) a vessel be=e him1 9 :i* 0 "s ela/ic gum1 & a v>iety ( se$s4 ,?is 0 _! ye>ly (f]+ by way ( r5d]+ up _! ?anks1 aft] hav+ _h a fav\rable h>ve/4 ,t image 0 reckon$ ! olde/ 9 ! c\ntry2 = x _h be5 plac$ ^u t hill by ! anci5t ,toltecas & rema9$ till ! end ( ! ,x,vth or beg9n+ ( ! ,x,v,ith c5tury1 :5 ,nezahualpilli1 ,k+ ( ,acollhuacan1 9 ord] to ga9 ! fav\r ( 8 subjects1 c>ri$ x away & plac$ ano!r 9 its /ead1 ( a v h>d1 black /one4 ,! new image1 h[ev]1 be+ defac$ by lightn+1 & ! prie/s decl>+ x to be a puni%m5t f heav51 ! anci5t /atue 0 re/or$1 & !re cont9u$ to be pres]v$ & wor%ipp$1 until ! promulgation ( ! gospel1 :5 x 0 ?r[n d[n & brok5 by ord] ( ! fir/ ,bi%op ( ,mexico40 ,! pr9cipal seat ( ! wor%ip ( ,tlaloc 0 ! great temple ( ,uitzilopo*tli at ,mexico1 :i* is fully describ$ 9 ! section :i* deals ) t god4 ,sahagun speaks 7,app5dix to bk4 ii7 ( a temple )9 ! sacr$ prec9ct ( ,mexico :i* 0 especially d$icat$ to ! ,tlaloqu4 ,?is 0 ! epcoatl 78pe>l s]p5t071 s call$1 p]haps1 f ! circum/ance t ! victims immolat$ !re9 7 kn[n by ! same "n4 ,x 0 9 ?is place t ! prie/s fa/$ & did p5ance = =ty days be=e ! fea/ 9 hon\r ( _! gods4 ,! ,mexico ,calmecac 0 a s*ool or junior mona/]y1 :]e ^? :o 7 de/9$ to become prie/s ( ! god receiv$ _! tra9+4 ,at ! acatla yiacapan uei calpulli 78*ief fl[]y hall07 ! slaves int5d$ = sacrifice to ! god 7 assembl$1 & "h _! bodies 7 prep>$ = ! horrid banquet :i* conclud$ 8 fe/ival4 ,,prie/hood ,! ,tlaloc ,tlamacasque1 ! second 9 rank 9 ! ,mexican prie/hood1 /ood at ! head ( ! m9i/]s ( ! god4 ,! acolnauacatl acolmiztli 78he ( ! puma %\ld]0 or 8dress07 made all arrangem5ts = ! fe/ivals ( ! god1 & kept ! ve/m5ts worn by ! k+ on ^! occasions4 ,x is also cle> f _m passages t ! prie/hood ( ,tlaloc compos$ a l>ge & consid]able body4 ,,pray]s ,sahagun #bgf gives at great l5g? a mo/ /rik+ pray] to ,tlaloc made 9 "t ( dr\ght by ! prie/s 9 hope ( ra94 ,x asks = compassion f ! ,tlaloqu1 :o1 along ) _! si/]1 ,*al*iuhtlicue1 h )drawn _! faces f mank9d4 ,x describes ! wret*$ness ( ! p1 tells h[ !y p]i% ( ?ir/1 & draws a h>r[+ picture ( ! suff]+s ( ! *ildr54 ,x reque/s ,tlaloc to assi/ ! god ( e>? ) ra91 s t ! vegetables & plants may gr[ & n p]i%4 ,x also asks t ! ra9 may be ( ! k9d :i* assi/s gr[?1 & t x be n accompani$ by hail or lightn+1 ! usual manife/ation ( ! wra? ( ! ,tlaloqu4 8,y :o are gods ( ! wat]1 :o dwell at ! ea/1 we/1 nor?1 & s\? ( ! _w1 :o inhabit ! subt]ranean places1 ! air1 ! m\nta9s & ! pr(\nd cav]ns1 ha/5 to ! consolation ( man40 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,!re is less d\bt conc]n+ ! "* ( ,tlaloc ?an t ( any o!r ,mexican deity4 ,! repres5tations ( him 9 ! manuscripts1 ! pray]s (f]$ up to him1 ! my?s :i* seek to expla9 him1 all make x cle> t he is ! god ( ! ra9-cult p> excell5ce1 to :om ev5 ,quetzalcoatl1 ! deifi$ ra9-mak]1 9 "t becomes m]ely 8a sweep] ( ! ways40 ,! etymological d]ivation ( ! "n has be5 frequ5tly essay$4 ,tlaloc1 says ,sel]1 is a n\n d]iv$ f ! v]b tlaloa1 8to ha/510 :i* 9 its reflexive s5se means 8to %oot up10 8to spr\t10 s t ! "n really conveys ! s5se ( 8,he :o makes ?+s spr\t10 8,he :o ha/5s gr[?40 ,he is1 inde$1 ! god ( ra91 ( moi/ure1 :o dwells on ! m\nta9 peaks1 & manife/s himself 9 ! lightn+ & ! ?und]1 bo? ( :i* are symboliz$ 9 ! s]p5t9e folds ( 8 c\nt5ance & 9 its d>ksome hues4 ,8 prog5y are ! ,tlaloqu1 :o dwell on e m\nta9 top1 dw>fi% s]vants :o p\r =? ! ra9 out ( ! great j>s :i* /& 9 8 c\rty>d4 8,:5 !y beat ^! ) ! /icks !y c>ry1 x ?und]s1 & :5 x light5s a piece ( ! jug falls40 #bgg ,! "n ,tlaloc 0 specially giv5 by ! ,mexicans to a m\nta9 to ! ea/ ( ,tezcuco1 ne> ! pass :i* l$ to ,huetzotz9co1 & "h x 0 t 8 mo/ anci5t idol 0 f\nd by ! immigrant tribes4 ,! m\nta9s ,popocatepetl & ,teocu9aui 7 also especially sacr$ to him4 ,he possess$1 z w h be5 obs]v$1 bo? b5efic5t & t]rible aspects1 & 0 ! /rik]1 ! slay]1 z well z ! giv] ( b\nte\s food-supplies4 ,t 8 cult 0 an anci5t "o 9 ,mexico is prov$ by ! num]\s f9ds ( 8 images among rema9s ( pre-,aztec date at ,teotihuacan1 at ,teotitlan 9 ! ,huaxtec c\ntry1 at ,qui5gola 9 ! ,zapotec di/rict1 & at ,qu5 ,santo 9 ,guatemala4 ,tlaloc d5otes ! f\r qu>t]s f :i* ! ra9 comes1 z 8 symbolism abundantly %[s1 & ! le>n$ prie/s ( ,mexico und\bt$ly reg>d$ him z ! p]sonification ( ! tlequiauitl1 or fire-ra91 ! disa/] :i* clos$ "o ( ! epo*s ( ! prehi/oric _w4 ,he is fur!r analog\s to ! ,maya ,*ac & ,god ,b4 ,8 *ief significance = ! anci5t ,mexicans 0 z ! great god ( ! ra9-cult1 ! ra9 itself1 & ! ?und]/orm :i* br+s ! ra94 ,9 8 s]p5t9e =m we may1 p]haps1 see a rem9isc5ce ( ! my?ical bea/ ( dragon or s]p5t9e =m kn[n to _m my?ologies z ! 8wat]-provid]10 :i* mu/ be sla9 by ! sun-h]o ere ! ra9-flood is releas$ to assi/ ! gr[? ( ! crops4 ,none ( ! my?s relat+ to him s]ve to assi/ su* a hypo!sis2 b c]ta9 pa9t+s 9 ! codices appe> to relate to "s su* my?1 & page #gd ( ! ,maya ,dresd5 ,codex1 :i* relates to ! deluge caus$ by ! wat]-sun1 %[s a great s]p5t vomit+ wat] ^u ! e>?1 %[+ t 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica ! ra9 0 suppos$ to emanate f a mon/] ( ?is description4 #bgh ,x is significant t ,tlaloc we>s ,toltec dress1 & f ?is & f 8 "n 8,n9e ,jagu>0 we may be ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t he is 9 a s5se to be reg>d$1 l ,quetzalcoatl1 z ! ,toltec prie/4 ,balam1 ! ,maya-,qui*e ^w = jagu>1 signifies also 8prie/10 & t ! title 0 sup]add$ to ! s]p5t9e conception ( him is %[n by ! expression 8,jagu>-s]p5t10 by :i* he is allud$ to 9 ! hymn quot$ above4 ,! ,poyauhtlan 0 n only 8 temple1 b a di/rict ( ,tlalocan1 :]e he 0 suppos$ to hold sway4 ,?is ,i w\ld translate 8,place ( ! ,mugwort10 or 8,abs9!10 & x is cle> t he1 z well z ,*al*ihuitlicue1 8 sp\se1 has "s my/]i\s connection ) ?is plant1 :i* has be5 %[n by ,dr4 ,r5del ,h>ris to h be5 ! especial m$ic9e-plant ( ! ,greek ,artemis4 ,x is /range1 too1 to f9d bo? ! god & 8 victims1 l ! dragon-gods ( ,*9a1 connect$ ) ! pe>l4 ,tlaloc is also god ( ! f\r qu>t]s or f\r 8wea!rs40 ,! sev5? day-sign1 mazatl 78de]071 :i* he takes1 is appropriate1 z ! de] symbolizes ! que/ = wat] & vegetation4 ,8 association ) ! dog1 ! lightn+-bea/1 is also significant4 ,inde$ 9 ,codex ,bologna ,tlaloc is frequ5tly symboliz$ by ! lightn+-fla% alone4 ,,*al*ihuitlicue 8,,%e ,,( ,,! ,,jewell$ ,,robe0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico 7wor%ipp$ at ,tlaxcallan z ,matlalcuy1 8,%e ( ! ,blue ,robe074 ,m9or ,names3 ,acuecueyotl 8,wat] :i* makes ,waves40 ,apoonallotl 8,foam ( ! ,wat]40 ,ahuic 8,motion ( ,wat]40 ,aiauh 8,fog40 ,atlacamani 8,/orm40 ,xixiquipilihui 8,ris+ & ,fall+ ( ! ,waves0 7,clavig]o74 ,macuilxo*iquetzalli 8,five times ,fl[]-fea!r0 7,botur9i74 ,cal5d> ,places3 ,rul] ( ! fif? day 7coatl74 ,rul] ( ! fif? week 7ce acatl74 ,"l ( ! six? night4 ,compass ,direction3 ,we/4 ,fe/ivals3 ,atlcahualco2 ce atl 7movable fea/74 ,relation%ip3 ,wife ( ,tlaloc1 si/] ( ! ,tlaloqu2 "m ( ! ,c5tzon ,mimixcoa4 ,symbol3 ,! *al*ihuitl /one4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,g5]al4--,9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #ad7 %e is depict$ we>+ a blue1 /epp$ nose-ornam5t & a s]p5t helmet-mask4 ,9 ! ,codex ,fejrvry-,may] is se5 a jagu>'s e> beh9d ! s]p5t's eye 9 m ?an "o repres5tation ( h] helmet-mask4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia %e we>s a l>ge gold5 disk 7teocuitla-comalli7 susp5d$ by a jewell$ b&4 ,h] robe has a broad hem1 9 :i* ! col\rs ( ! hi]oglyph *al*ihuitl1 gre5 & r$1 ) a :ite fr+e1 are reproduc$1 ?us =m+ a k9d ( pictograph ( h] "n4 ,! same purpose is s]v$ by a l>ge blue disk 9 ! middle ( ! skirt4 #bgi ,9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b %e holds ! bone-dagg] & agave spike = c]emonial blood-lett+4 ,%e /&s on foam+ wat]1 on :i* floats a burnt-(f]+ ( firewood & rubb]4 ,9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl %e is pictur$ z /&+ 9 a /ream1 d[n :i* swirl away a jewel-box1 an arm$ man1 & a woman4 ,v>iations4--,! repres5tations ( ,*al*ihuitlicue 9 ! ,codex ,borgia gr\p1 :]e %e is dress$ 9 ! snake-helmet1 are sub/antially diff]5t f h] appe>ance 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl1 ! ,codex ,borbonicus1 & else:]e4 ,9 ! ,codex ,borbonicus 7%eet #e7 ! insignia ( ! goddess is heavily spott$1 ! significance be+ by no means pla94 #bhj ,! repres5tation 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio7 also diff]s1 & 9 ?is ! goddess is se5 hold+ a rattle & we>+ :at seems to be an int]e/+ v>iant ( ! jewel hi]oglyph4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #eg7 %e is repres5t$ along ) h] sp\se ,tlaloc1 ! *al*ihuitl jewel 9 ! =m ( a two-h&$ pit*] sep>at+ !m4 ,! gods hold *a9s ( jewels repres5t+ ! f\r k9ds ( maize--yell[1 blue1 r$1 & gre5--& a nak$ human be+ issues f ! pit*]1 symboliz+ ! gr[? ( ! maize4 #bha ,o!r int]e/+ v>iations 9 connection ) ?is goddess are ^? f\nd 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b & ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #ag71 9 bo? ( :i* %e is se5 suckl+ a human be+4 ,9 ! =m] %e we>s on ! head two bun*es ( quetzal-fea!rs1 usually "p ( ! insignia ( ,xo*iquetzal1 & %e is only to be recogniz$ by ! symbol beside h]1 a v>iant ( ! elem5t *al*ihuitl4 ,sahagun describes h] z foll[s 9 ! ,biblioteca del ,palacio ,,ms43 8,! face is yell[1 ) a r$ patt]n sup]impos$4 ,%e we>s a coll> ( gre5 preci\s /ones1 & a cr[n ( pap] adorn$ ) a quetzal-fea!r4 ,! tunic & skirt are pa9t$ ) wat] l9es1 & %e we>s %ells4 ,h] s&als repres5t ! foam ( wat]4 ,on h] %ield is pa9t$ ! emblem ( a wat] fl[]1 & %e c>ries ! 8mi/ rattle-/aff40 ,/atuettes ( ,*al*ihuitlicue are fairly common4 ,"o f\nd 9 ! ,valley ( ,mexico agrees to "s ext5t ) h] appe>ance 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl1 b n ) t 9 ,codex ,borgia4 ,%e we>s ! tassell$ %awl & ! *al*ihuitl emblem adorns h] dress4 ,two o!r /one figures ( h] 9 ! ,uhde collection at ,b]l9 & "o 9 ! ,*ri/y collection at ,london are eloqu5t ( h] insignia4 ,9 all ( ^! %e we>s ! tassell$ %awl1 & 9 ! ,*ri/y example & "o ( ! ,uhde figures ! l>ge back-b[ is well exemplifi$1 z are ! two plaits ( hair desc5d+ at ! back4 ,9 ! o!r ,uhde specim5 ! plates are %[n z "p ( a knot ( ! cotton headdress1 :i* is 9 all cases fr+$ ) balls4 ,9 all ?ree figures l>ge1 full b&s ( "s mat]ial desc5d ov] ! e>4 ,a /one figure ( h]1 f\nd at ! ,ca/illo de ,teayo 9 ,v]a ,cruz & n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,mexico1 depicts h] ) a squ>e headdress1 f :i* radiate :at are evid5tly ! fea!rs ( aquatic birds4 ,%e we>s ! ,v-%ap$ %awl or tippet & a skirt1 on ea* side ( :i* ! *al*ihuitl emblem is %[n & :i* is fr+$ ) %ells4 ,teob]t ,mal] reproduces ano!r /one figure ( h] we>+ a high headdress ( fea!rs & a necklace & wri/lets ( *al*ihuitls4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis /ates t 8,*al*iuhtli1 :o presid$ ov] ^! ?irte5 days1 sav$ h]self 9 ! deluge4 ,%e is a woman :o rema9$ aft] ! deluge4 ,h] "n signifies ! #8,woman :o we>s a dress adorn$ ) preci\s /ones4' ,!y "h fa/$ f\r days till dea?4 ,!y pa9t h] hold+ 9 "o h& a sp9n+-:eel1 & 9 ! o!r a wood5 in/rum5t1 ) :i* !y weave2 & 9 ord] to %[ t ( ! sons :i* wom5 br+ =? "s are slaves & o!rs die 9 w>1 & o!rs 9 pov]ty1 !y pa9t h] ) a /ream z if c>ry+ !m away1 s t :e!r ri* or poor all 7 f9ally doom$40 ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says t %e is ! same z ! virg9 ,*imalman1 :o 0 ! "m ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,! my? to :i* ?is passage alludes is dealt ) 9 ! section relat+ to ,quetzalcoatl4 ,sahagun 7bk4 i1 c4 ii7 calls ! goddess ! si/] ( ! ,tlaloqu4 ,,fe/ivals ,*al*ihuitlicue 0 ador$ at ! etzalqualiztli fe/ival to ! ,tlaloqu 7see ,tlaloc7 & at ! fea/ ce atl 78"o week071 :51 says ,sahagun1 8h] fe/ival 0 celebrat$ by all :o 9 any way dealt 9 wat]1 or _h any connection ) x1 wat]-sell]s1 fi%]s & ! l4 ,^! dress$ & ornam5t$ h] image & made adorations 9 ! h\se nam$ calpulli4 ,! great lords & ri* m]*ants at ! bir? ( "o ( _! *ildr5 paid ! greate/ att5tion to ?is sign1 & ! day & h\r at :i* ! *ild 0 born4 ,!y at once inquir$ ( ! a/rolog]s :at =tune ! *ild might expect to enc\nt]1 & if ! sign 0 propiti\s1 !y _h ! infant baptiz$ )\t delay1 :]eas if x 7 ! opposite !y wait$ until ! ne>e/ day :i* _h a propiti\s sign4 ,food & dr9k 7 di/ribut$ freely to all40 ,,prie/hood ,veytia #bhb /ates t ,k+ ,nauhyotl in/itut$ a college ( prie/s expressly = ! s]vice ( ?is goddess4 ,^! 7 celibate & wore long & ample robes ( a sombre col\r4 ,!y w5t b>e-foot$ 9 ! sanctu>y1 fa/$ frequ5tly1 & 7 giv5 to p5it5ce & contemplation4 ,_! high-prie/ 0 call$ ,a*cauhtli1 #bhc & ! entire cult 0 modell$ on t ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,?is did n prohibit !m1 h[ev]1 f ! sacrifice ( human be+s4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,*al*ihuitlicue 0 ! female c\nt]p>t ( ,tlaloc1 & ! goddess ( wat] & moi/ure4 ,sahagun 7bk4 i1 c4 ii7 says ( h]3 8,%e 0 suppos$ to h h] exi/5ce 9 ! sea1 ! riv]s & lakes1 & _h p[] to take ! lives ( ^? :o v5tur$ ^u !m1 & to raise tempe/s40 ,! "n means 8,%e ^: raim5t consi/s ( gre5 gems10 or 8,%e ( ! jewell$ robe10 & is allegorical ( ! brilliant surface ( fl[+ r ?an /agnant wat]4 ,%e is1 says ,sel]1 8an appropriate repres5tative ( ! sign #8,snake4' ,= ! mov+1 fl[+ wat] has ev]y:]e & at all times be5 lik5$ to ! s]p5t4 ,9 cultural c5tres :i* are d$icat$ to ! ,wat]-goddess--! ,pilon de ,azuc>1 = in/ance1 :i* has be5 explor$ by ,h]mann ,/rebel--! gr\nd sw>ms z well ) images ( snakes z ( frogs40 #bhd ,9 ,codex ,borgia %e is se5 ) a bun* ( dri$ h]bs above h]1 evid5tly indicat+ t %e _h a m$ic9al side to h] "*4 ,c]ta9 pictures ( h]--t1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl already describ$--seem to po9t to h] z ! goddess ( *ange 9 human affairs1 ( spe$y ru91 & ?is conception 01 no d\bt1 br\ght ab\t by ! ev]-*ang+ "* ( ! elem5t %e symboliz$4 ,%e is1 inde$1 ! goddess ( wat] 9 its mutable & kaleidoscopic =m4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 e reason to believe t %e _h a /ill m pr(\nd significance 9 ,mexican !ology1 & ?is is made cle> if we exam9e ! pray] to h] pres]v$ by ,sahagun 9 :i* %e seems to repres5t ! purify+ & cleans+ influ5ce ( wat] z an ag5cy to wipe away ! orig9al s9 ) :i* x 0 ?\ght man came into ! _w4 ,t ! goddess _h also a lun> significance is pla9 f ! allusion to h] z ! "m ( ! ,c5tzon ,mimixcoa1 or />s ( ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e1 & ! great importance atta*$ to ! pray]s (f]$ up to h] 9 connection ) *ild-be>+4 ,z has be5 h9t$1 %e _h also a m$ic9al aspect4 ,! *ild sacrific$ to h] at ! etzalqualiztli fe/ival 0 sla9 at ! hill kn[n z ,yauhqueme 78cov]$ ) mugwort071 &1 z in/anc$ 9 ! case ( ,tlaloc1 ?is plant is ! especial m$ic9e-h]b ( ! ,greek ,artemis4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia1 inde$1 %e is associat$ ) a h]b :i* may possibly be ! mugwort or wormwood1 & ,sel] ?9ks %e is to be reg>d$ z ! giv] ( 8heal+ draughts ( physic40 ,,uixtociuatl 8,,salt ,,woman0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,orig9ally ! ea/]n sea-coa/4 ,relation%ip3 ,eld] si/] ( ! ,tlaloqu4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,! goddess is pa9t$ yell[ & we>s a cr[n ( pap] or cotton1 adorn$ ) quetzal-fea!rs & a gold5 e>-plug4 ,h] ov]dress & skirt are pa9t$ ) wavy l9es ( wat] & %e we>s s&als4 ,h] %ield is entirely :ite & %e be>s a ru% /aff 9 h] h&1 f :i* dep5d /rips ( cotton or pap]4 ,,fe/ivals ,tecuilhuitontli4--8,! sev5? mon?0 7says ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 c4 vii7 80 designat$ tecuilhuitontli1 ! fir/ day ( :i* 0 d$icat$ to ! goddess ( salt1 :o 0 /yl$ ,uixtociuatl4 ,%e 0 t]m$ ! eld] si/] ( ! god ,tlaloc4 ,a woman 0 sla9 9 h] hon\r1 rob$ ) ! same ornam5ts z 7 worn by ! images ( ?is div9ity4 8,! night prec$+ ?is fe/ival1 ! wom51 old1 "y1 & *ildr51 gave !mselves up to s++ & danc+1 m>*+ 9 a r+1 l9k$ by cords :i* !y ea* held by an end1 :i* !y call$ xo*imecatl1 & :i* 7 g>l&$ ) ! abs9! fl[]s ( ! c\ntry1 call$ iztauhyatl4 ,old m5 l$ ! songs & dances1 :ile 9 ! mid/ ( ! r+ /ood ! poor woman doom$ to dea?1 ri*ly dress$ 9 ! mann] ( ! image ( ! goddess4 ,all ! wom51 9 company ) h] :o 0 to die1 wat*$1 sang & danc$ ! :ole ( ! night prec$+ ! fe/ival4 ,day hav+ dawn$1 all ! prie/s assum$ _! ornam5ts1 & p>took 9 a solemn dance1 all ^? :o assi/$ c>ry+ 9 _! h&s fl[]s call$ cempoalxo*itl4 ,danc+ all ! way1 !y br\ght sev]al captives to ! temple ( ,tlaloc1 9 ! mid/ ( :om walk$ ! woman :o 0 to die1 dress$ z ! image ( ,uixtociuatl4 ,be=e %e 0 sacrific$1 ! captives 7 fir/ put to dea?4 #bhe 8,sev]al o!r c]emonies 7 conduct$ dur+ ?is fe/ival & !re 7 frequ5t sc5es ( debau*]y40 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis /ates t ,yxcu9a1 z he names ! goddess1 0 ! protector ( adult]]s & 8! goddess ( salt & ( dissolute p]sons40 ,he fur!r relates t !y put adult]]s to dea? be=e h] image4 ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a adds t %e 0 ! wife ( ,mictlantecutli1 "l ( ! realm ( ! dead4 ,"o ( ! wom5 giv5 z consorts to ! victim sacrific$ at ! pr9cipal fea/ ( ,tezcatlipoc 0 call$ aft] ! goddess4 ,! salt-supply 0 reg>d$ z an indisp5sable alim5t>y feature 9 ,mexico1 & ! relative importance ( ! wor%ip ( ,uixtociuatl c readily be ga!r$ f ?is circum/ance4 ,h] connection ) lu/fulness _h probably a physiological basis1 & p]haps ow$ its exi/5ce to ! sal9e od\r :i* emanates f ! excretions ( ! privy p>ts4 ,!re is a di/9ct resemblance betwe5 h] "n & t ( ! abs9! plant4 ,,atlaua 8,,"l ,,( ,,! ,,lake ,,bea*es0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,*9ampanecs ( ,cuitlauac4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,! l[] p>ts ( 8 extremities are /rip$ blue1 l ^? ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,palacio7 he we>s ! dom9o mask edg$ r\nd ) small :ite circles 7! 8/ell> face-pa9t+07 & ! m\? & *9 are black5$ or r$d5$4 ,! headdress resembles ! flag us$ z ,uitzilopo*tli's symbol = ! panquetzaliztli fe/ival4 ,he c>ries ! %ield ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 ) ! five balls ( eagle's d[n1 "o half ( ! weapon be+ col\r$ r$1 l blood1 & 9 8 "r h& he holds an in/rum5t :i*1 f comp>ison ) ano!r ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,bib4 ,laur5z47 we "k to be a rattle4 ,9 ?is picture symbols expressive ( s++ fl[ f 8 m\?4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,he 0 a god ( ! inhabitants ( ! float+ g>d5s ( ,lake ,xo*imilco1 ! tribe kn[n z ! ,*9ampanecs1 & f ! 8/ell> face-pa9t+0 he wore he mu/ at "s "t h be5 id5tifi$ by "o ( ! e>ly hunt+ tribes ) "o or o!r ( ! />s4 ,8 possession ( ,uitzilopo*tli's %ield is p]haps fur!r pro( ( 8 /ell> association4 ,he may h be5 "o ( ! ,c5tzonuitznaua 7see ,uitzilopo*tli--8,my?s074 ,,napatecutli 8,,f\r ,,times ,,"l0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,%ores ( ,lake ,texcuco4 ,relation%ip3 ,"o ( ! ,tlaloqu4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,! body-pa9t is black1 b a pla/] ( salvia *ia is worn on ! face und]nea? ! eyes4 ,! god we>s a pap] cr[n spr9kl$ ) rubb] gum1 & a tuft ( pap] at ! back ( ! head1 f :i* quetzal-fea!rs dep5d4 ,two long /rips ( pap] hang f "u ! cr[n d[n ! back ( ! neck1 & ^! are also spr9kl$ ) rubb] gum4 ,across ! "r %\ld] is slung a b& ( pap]1 & an und]dress ( ! same mat]ial surr\nds ! hips1 & ^! are also spr9kl$ ) gum4 ,s&als are worn1 & ! %ield is decorat$ ) ! wat]-rose motif4 ,a ru% /aff is c>ri$ 9 ! h&1 f :i* /rips ( pap] hang1 daub$ ) melt$ indi>ubb]4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,sahagun says t ,napatecutli 80 ! god ( m5 :o make mats out ( aquatic re$s1 & 0 "o ( ! ,tlaloqu4 ,he 0 ! inv5tor ( mat-mak+1 & 0 ador$ by ^? :o made ! l[ *airs call$ icpalli1 & ! hurdles ( re$s :i* are call$ tolcuextli4 ,he made ! re$s to gr[ & caus$ ! %[]s t made !m spr+1 & !y pray$ him = ra9 & re$s4 ,:5 !y sacrific$ a slave to him !y dress$ him 9 ! god's g>m5ts1 plac+ 9 8 h&s a gre5 vase fill$ ) wat]1 ) :i* he bespr9kl$ all ) ! aid ( a bran* ( will[1 z if he 7 bless+ !m4 ,!n1 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 :5ev] "o ( ?is trade wi%$ to fea/ ?is div9ity1 he acqua9t$ ! prie/s ) 8 int5tion1 :o *ose a prie/1 dress$ him 9 ! attributes ( ! god1 l 8 image1 & conduct$ him1 asp]g+ him on ! way1 ) a bran* ( will[ dipp$ 9 wat]4 ,arriv$ at ! h\se1 !y pray$ him to ext5d 8 fav\rs to ! dwell+1 & ! fea/ 0 celebrat$1 ! #8god' eat+ & dr9k+ ) ! re/4 ,?is 0 done ) ! desire to recomp5se ! god1 & :5 !y _h sp5t all !y _h1 !y said3 #8,i c>e n if ,i am )\t means1 s long z my god is satisfi$ ) ?is fea/4 ,he may grant me m1 he may leave me 9 mis]y1 s long z 8 w is accompli%$4' ,s say+1 !y cov]$ ! repres5tative ( ! god ) a :ite mantle1 :o return$ ) 8 companions4 ,! h\sehold] !n fea/$ privately ) 8 p>5ts4 ,! mat-mak]s pl5i%$ & ornam5t$ ! temple ( _! god ) re$s & plants1 & any?+ !y plac$ 9 ! temple 0 ( ! be/ workman%ip40 ,,matlalcu,y 8,,%e ,,( ,,! ,,blue ,,robe0 7,v>iant ( ,*al*ihuitlicue7 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,tlaxcallan4 ,relation%ip3 ,second consort ( ,tlaloc4 ,,appe>ance ,%e is recogniz$ by h] tassell$ head-b& & cape1 & (t5 by a /epp$ nose-ornam5t4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,a v>iant ( ,*al*ihuitlicue4 ,%e 0 believ$ to preside ov] a m\nta9 ne> ,tlaxcallan4 ,"o ( ! wom5 sacrific$ to ,tlaloc at ! great fe/ival to ! m\nta9-gods 0 call$ aft] ?is goddess4 ,,opo*tli 8,,! ,,s\!rn10 8,,left-,,h&$10 ,,or 8,,! ,,wiz>d0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,! %ores ( ,lake ,texcuco4 ,relation%ip3 ,"o ( ! ,tlaloqu4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,! ,sahagun ,,ms4 describes ! insignia ( ?is god z foll[s3 ,he is pa9t$ black & has a pat* or spot made f cru%$ se$s on 8 face4 ,8 cr[n is cut out ( pap]1 & f x rise plumes ( h]on-fea!rs1 m+l$ ) ^? ( ! quetzal bird4 ,he has a b& made ( pap] r\nd 8 %\ld]s1 a lo9-clo? & :ite s&als4 ,8 %ield be>s ! sol> emblem & he c>ries a rattle-/aff 9 8 h&4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,sahagun 7bk4 i1 *4 #ag7 says ( ,opo*tli1 t he is "o ( ! ,tlaloqu4 ,to him 0 attribut$ ! inv5tion ( fi%+-nets & ( ! m9aca*alli1 or ?ree-prong$ h>poon1 an in/rum5t recall+ ! classical trid5t1 :i* 0 also us$ = spe>+ birds4 ,he x 0 :o orig9ally contriv$ ! nets us$ by ! f[l] to ensn>e ! aquatic birds :i* frequ5t$ ! banks ( ,lake ,texcuco1 & ! paddle 0 likewise 8 inv5tion4 ,( all ! ,tlaloqu he appe>s to h be5 ! mo/ practical1 z well z ! mo/ closely id5tifi$ ) human pursuits1 & naturally he figur$ z ! patron ( ! fi%]1 ! f[l]1 & ^? g5]ally :o pli$ _! occupation on ! wat] ( ! lake or on its %ores4 ,^u ! occasion ( 8 fe/ival !y (f]$ him food & octli1 ! e>s ( maize1 fl[]s1 & burn$ tobacco be=e him z an inc5se1 z well z copal & ! abs9! h]b4 ,!y also plac$ be=e him toa/$ maize4 ,! old] prie/s *ant$ 8 praises & fil$ be=e 8 idol 9 procession4 ,z we h se5 9 ! case ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 ! ^w opo*tli may signify 8wiz>d10 & ,i believe t ! net1 :i* w\ld appe> to a primitive p an app>atus ( ! mo/ +5i\s k9d1 w\ld be reg>d$ by !m z ! inv5tion ( a magician4 ,opo*tli w\ld almo/ inevitably come to be connect$ ) ! ,tlaloqu because ( ! employm5t ( 8 inv5tion to cat* fi% & sn>e ! aquatic birds :i* re/$ on ! %ores ( ,lake ,texcuco4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,fire-,,gods ,,xiuhtecutli 8,,"l ,,( ,,! ,,ye>0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico4 ,toltec4 ,m9or ,names3 ,tzoncaztli 8,! ,yell[-hair$40 ,9 ,xiuhtetzaqualco maquitoc 8,he :o ent]s ! ,blue ,/one ,pyramid40 ,yei itzcu9tli 8,?ree ,dog40 ,cuezaltz9 8,! ,flame40 ,*icunaui tecutli 8,n9e ,"l40 ,ueueteotl 8,! ,old ,god40 ,tlatic paque 8,"l ( ! ,e>?'s ,surface40 ,tota 8,our ,fa!r40 ,tloque ,nahuaque 8,"l ( ! ,close ,vic9ity40 ,tlalxict5tica 8,dwell] 9 ! ,navel ( ! ,e>?40 ,ixcoauhque 8,! ,yell[-fac$40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! n9? day-c\nt1 atl 7wat]74 ,rul] ( ! n9? tonalamatl division1 ce coatl4 ,rul] ( ! tw5tie? tonalamatl division1 ce to*tli4 ,fir/ ( ! n9e lords ( ! night4 ,fir/ ( ! ?irte5 lords ( ! day4 ,fe/ivals3 ,xocohuetzi1 9 ! t5? mon?4 ,izcalli1 9 ! eighte5? mon?4 ,! day ce itzcu9tli 78"o dog07 7movable fea/74 ,compass ,direction3 ,"l ( ! ,middle & ( ! f\r qu>t]s4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #ai3 ,9 ?is place he is repres5t$ /&+ be=e a temple ) a bundle ( firewood & a rubb] ball 9 8 h&4 ,! temple conta9s implem5ts ( w>4 ,he is pa9t$ r$1 ) ! l[] "p ( ! face black5$ by melt$ rubb] & a black cross1 ! foot ( :i* re/s on a level ) 8 eye4 ,! fillet r\nd 8 head is a /rap set ) jewell$ disks4 ,on ! necklace is se5 a blue bird 7cot+a1 or humm+-bird74 ,t "p ( 8 face :i* is n black1 & :i* 9 ! ,codex ,borgia is pa9t$ a r$ col\r l ! re/ ( ! body1 is on %eet #hi pa9t$ yell[1 ) sl5d] ?read-%ap$ longitud9al /ripes ( r$4 ,on %eet #eg he is se5 z 9 ! n9? day-c\nt--r$1 & ) r$ & black face-pa9t+ & flame-col\r$ hair1 ) ! cot+a bird fly+ d[n on ! frontal side ( ! fillet1 & ) arr[-%aft fea!rs 9 ! cr[n4 ,at ! nape ( ! neck c be se5 a %ort cre/ ( r$ po9ts enclos+ ?ree tufts ( r$ fea!rs1 :i*1 p]haps1 orig9ate 9 ! xiuhcoatl1 or fire-snake worn 9 ! ,mexican ,,mss4 prop] by ! ,fire-god on 8 back z a disguise 7cf4 ,codex ,borbonicus74 ,he has "h ! scorpion & atltla*9olli 8spe>-?r[+ & fire0 sign1 & is seat$ on a royal ?rone1 ) an abundance ( food be=e him1 :i* probably symbolizes weal?4 ,he also we>s a brea/-ornam5t ( blue turquoise mosaic ) gold5 bells4 ,he sometimes we>s ! prie/'s tobacco-calaba% z a sign ( weal? or abundance4 ,aub9-,g\pil ,tonalamatl4--,%eet #bj3 ,he holds ! copal bag 9 "o h& & 9 ! o!r two agave-leaf spikes ) fl[]s 7blood7 at ! upp] end4 ,be=e ! face ( ! ,fire-god we see a sea-snail's %ell1 :i* is1 p]haps1 symbolic ( fire %ut up or enclos$ 9 ! h\se4 ,be=e him1 too1 is a vessel ) (f]+s or sacrificial balls4 ,bel[ is an agave spike ) ! fl[]-emblem ( blood4 ,beside x are ! symbol ( midnight1 ! eye envelop$ 9 d>kness1 & a tuft ( quetzal-fea!rs--all symbolic ( ! midnight p5ance4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #ad3 ,9 ?is codex ! repres5tation ( ! ,fire-god is 9 _m respects simil> to t 9 ,vaticanus ,b4 ,! face & body-pa9t are r$4 ,! jewell$ fillet is ornam5t$ ) ! conv5tional repres5tation ( a cot+a bird 9 ! attitude ( fly+ d[n su* z may be obs]v$ 9 ! figures alli$ ) ! ,fire-god1 & :i* is also se5 9 reliefs at ,*i*5-,itz1 ,yucatan4 ,9 ! fillet are plac$ two arr[-%afts1 :i* repres5t ! two wood5 fire-disks--an ornam5t t is call$ 8arr[-wig0 or 8spe>-wig40 ,above ?is is se5 a ti>a1 :i* broad5s z x rises upw>ds4 ,xiuhtecutli we>s atta*$ to a long p5dant necklace a squ>e plate ( blue col\r1 made ( turquoise mosaic4 ,9 "s places he wields ! 8%oot+ implem5t10 ! ?r[+-/ick1 or ! blue ?r[+-/ick1 xiuhatlatl1 fa%ion$ 9 ! =m ( a snake4 ,! scorpion is frequ5tly plac$ beside ! god1 symboliz+1 p]haps1 ! /++ "* ( fire4 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4--,he holds 9 "o h& ! xiuhatlatl1 ! ?r[+-/ick pa9t$ blue1 deck$ ) turquoise mosaic & hav+ a figure on ! top1 probably int5d$ = a snake4 ,9 ! o!r h& he has a /aff1 :i* at ! upp] crut*-l end %[s an animal's head1 & ! l[] a snake's tail-rattles4 ,codex ,magliabec*iano4--,! ,fire-god is "h se5 9 a danc+ or fight+ attitude4 ,! dragon-mask lies beh9d ! neck1 & he we>s a yell[ & r$ hat resembl+ an inv]t$ cone1 ) a s]p5t motif 9 front4 ,! face-pa9t is yell[ = ! upp] "p ( ! face1 ! m\?-region r$ & ! l[] po/]ior "p black4 ,8 tunic is :ite1 ) a blue sa% or c5tre-piece1 & he we>s ! yell[ brea/-ornam5t4 ,9 "o h& he c>ries ! atlatl1 or spe>-?r[]1 & 9 ! o!r a :ite1 unpa9t$ %ield4 ,sahagun ,,ms4--,sahagun1 describ+ ,xiuhtecutli "u 8 m9or "n ( ,ixcoauhque 78,! ,yell[-fac$071 says t he is pa9t$ r$ & black1 & is sme>$ ) indi>ubb] on lips & *94 ,he we>s a headb& set ) preci\s /ones & a pap] cr[n ) a plume ( quetzal-fea!rs4 ,he c>ries on 8 back 8 fire-snake dress & r\nd 8 %\ld]s is slung a b& ( b>k pap]4 ,on 8 feet he we>s bells & %ells4 ,8 %ield is ornam5t$ ) preci\s /ones1 & 9 "o h& he c>ries an in/rum5t ! use ( :i* is app>5tly div9atory4 ,,my?s ,a song giv5 by ,sahagun has ref]5ce to ! ,fire-god4 ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,yell[-,,fac$ 7,! ,fire-gods7 ,o1 9 ,tzommolco my fa!r %all ,i di%on\r ,!e8 7i4e4 )hold ! sacrifice72 ,9 ,tetemocan %all ,i di%on\r ,!e8 #b ,o my ma/]1 9 ! ,temple ( ,mecatlan ! yucca ,tree %akes 7! kettle-drum made out ( wood f ! ,yucca tree72 ,9 ,*icueyocan 9 ! h\se ( ! mask$1 ! mask$ danc]s h come4 #c ,9 ,tzommolco !y h begun to s+1 ,9 ,tzommolco !y h begun to s+2 ,:y d !y n come "h8 ,:y d !y n come "h8 #d ,9 ,tzommolco m5 %all be giv5 7sacrific$72 ,! sun has ris51 ,m5 %all be giv54 #e ,9 ,tzommolco song n[ comes to an end4 ,)\t tr\ble he has become ri*2 ,he has become "l4 ,8 m]cy is wond]ful4 #f ,o1 little woman1 hold spee* 7give w>n+71 ,mi/ress ( ! mi/ h\se1 f ! door hold spee*4 ,sahagun says ( him #bhf3 8,he _h o!r names--,ixcozauhqui1 #8,yell[-face1' & ,cuezaltz91 or #8,flame4' ,!y call$ him also ,ueueteotl1 or #8,v ,old ,god1' & !y said t ! fire 0 8 fa!r4 ,!y celebrat$ 8 fea/ at ! end ( ! mon? call$ izcalli1 & dress$ ! idol 9 8 robes & ornam5ts4 ,he wore ! robes ( a k+40 ,9 ! ,sahagun ,mexican ,,ms4 he is describ$ z 8! "m ( ! gods1 ! fa!r ( ! gods1 :o dwells 9 ! navel ( ! e>?1 :o ent]s ! ,turquoise ,pyramid 444 ! ,old ,god1 ! ,fire-god40 #bhg ,sahagun #bhh also alludes to ! god 9 ! pray] ( ! m]*ants1 :i* says3 8,sit /ill on ?y ?rone1 noble ,"l1 ?\ t 9 ! navel ( ! e>? ha/ ?y seat1 ,"l ( ! ,f\r ,qu>t]s40 ,9 ?is pray] he is also frequ5tly address$ z 8,"l ( ! ,) & ! ,by0 7! contigu\s neighb\rhood71 8! ,"l ( ,heav51 ! ,"l ( ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?40 ,sahagun 9 a pray] to ,tezcatlipoc alludes to ,xiuhtecutli z 8! anci5t god1 :o is fa!r & "m to ?yself1 & is god ( fire1 :o /&s 9 ! mid/ ( fl[]s1 9 ! mid/ ( ! place b\nd$ by f\r walls1 :o is cov]$ ) %9+ fea!rs t are z w+s0 #bhi2 & 9 ano!r pray] to ,tezcatlipoc1 speaks ( ,xiuhtecutli z 8! anci5t god1 ! fa!r ( all ! gods1 ! god ( fire1 :o is 9 ! pond ( wat] among turrets surr\nd$ ) /ones l roses1 :o is call$ ,xiuhtecutli1 :o det]m9es1 exam9es1 & settles ! bus9ess & law-suits ( ! nation & ( ! common p1 z x 7 wa%+ !m ) wat]40 #bij ,clavig]o says ( ,xiuhtecutli3 8,xiuhtecutli 7ma/] ( ! ye> & ( ! grass7 0 among ^! nations ! god ( fire1 to :om !y likewise gave ! "n ( ,ixcozauhqui1 :i* expresses ! col\r ( fire4 ,?is god 0 greatly rev]$ 9 ! ,mexican empire4 ,at _! d9n] !y made an (f]+ to him ( ! fir/ morsel ( _! food1 & ! fir/ draught ( _! bev]age1 by ?r[+ bo? into ! fire2 & burn$ inc5se to him at c]ta9 times ( ! day4 ,9 hon\r ( him !y held two fix$ fe/ivals ( ! mo/ solemn k9d1 "o 9 ! t5?1 & ano!r 9 ! eighte5? mon?2 & "o movable fea/1 at :i* !y creat$ ! usual magi/rates & r5ew$ ! c]emony ( ! inve/iture ( ! fiefs ( ! k+dom4 ,he _h a temple 9 ,mexico1 & "s o!r palaces40 ,,fe/ivals ,xocohuetzi4--,sahagun's acc\nt ( ?is fe/ival is sub/antially z foll[s #bia3 ,a great tree ( five & tw5ty fa?oms long 0 cut d[n & ! bran*es lopp$ (f except a few at ! top4 ,! tree 0 !n dragg$ by ropes into ! city1 great precautions be+ tak5 aga9/ damag+ x4 ,! wom5 met ! procession1 giv+ ^? :o _h help$ cocoa to dr9k4 ,! tree1 :i* 0 call$ zocotl1 0 receiv$ into ! c\rt ( a teocalli ) acclamation1 & !re set up 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd & all[$ to rema9 = tw5ty days4 ,on ! eve ( ! fe/ival !y l[]$ ! tree g5tly to ! gr\nd by means ( ropes & tre/les made ( beams la%$ toge!r4 ,x 0 dress$ until q smoo?1 & :]e ! bran*es _h be5 left1 ne> ! top1 a cross-beam ( five fa?oms long 0 secur$ by ropes4 ,on ! summit ( ! pole a /atue ( ! god ,xiuhtecutli 0 set1 made out ( ! d\gh ( wild am>an? se$s1 & decorat$ ) :ite pap]s4 ,to ! head ( ! image 7 affix$ pieces ( pap] in/ead ( hair1 b&s ( pap] cross$ ! body f ea* %\ld]1 on ! arms 7 pieces ( pap] l w+s pa9t$ ov] ) figures ( sp>r[-hawks1 a maxtli ( pap] cov]$ ! lo9s1 & a k9d ( pap] g>m5t cov]$ all4 ,great /rips ( pap]1 half a fa?om broad & t5 fa?oms long1 float$ f ! feet ( ! image1 & into 8 head 7 /uck ?ree rods ) a tamalli1 or small cake1 on ! top ( ea*4 ,t5 ropes 7 !n atta*$ to ! middle ( ! tree1 & ! /ructure 0 re>$ into an upright position & !re secur$ ) great upro>4 ,^? :o _h captives to sacrifice came decorat$ = danc+1 ! body pa9t$ yell[ 7! col\r ( ! god71 & ! face v]milion4 ,!y wore ! r$ plumes ( ! p>rot arrang$ to resemble a butt]fly1 & c>ri$ %ields cov]$ ) :ite fea!rs4 ,ea* danc$ side by side ) 8 captive4 ,^! _h ! body pa9t$ :ite1 & ! face v]milion1 save ! *eeks1 :i* 7 black4 ,!y 7 adorn$ ) pap]s1 & !y _h :ite fea!rs on ! head & lip-ornam5ts ( fea!rs4 ,at set ( sun ! danc+ ceas$1 ! captives 7 %ut up 9 ! calpulli & wat*$ by _! own]s1 n be+ p]mitt$ to sleep4 ,ab\t midnight e own] %av$ away "p ( ! hair f ! scalp ( ! head ( 8 captive1 :i*1 be+ fa/5$ ) r$ ?read to a little tuft ( fea!rs1 he put 9 a small case ( cane & atta*$ to ! raft]s ( ! h\se1 t ev]yone might see t he 0 a valiant man & _h tak5 a captive4 ,! knife ) :i* ?is %av+ 0 accompli%$ 0 kn[n z ! claw ( ! sp>r[-hawk4 ,at daybreak ! captives 7 arrang$ 9 ord] 9 front ( ! tzompantli1 :]e ! skulls ( ! sacrific$ 7 spitt$ 9 r[s4 ,a prie/ walk$ along ! r[ ( captives1 tak+ f !m c]ta9 little bann]s t !y c>ri$ & all _! raim5t or adornm5t1 :i* he burnt 9 a fire4 ,:ile !y /ood nak$ & wait+ = dea?1 ano!r prie/1 c>ry+ 9 8 arms ! image ( ! god ,paynal & 8 ornam5ts1 ran up ) ?is idol to ! top ( ! teocalli kn[n z ,tlacac\hcan1 :]e ! victims 7 to die4 ,he desc5d$1 !n return$ to ! summit1 & z he w5t up = ! second "t1 ! own]s took _! slaves by ! hair & l$ !m to ! place call$ ,apetlac1 :]e !y left !m4 ,! prie/s :o 7 to p]=m ! sacrifice !n desc5d$ f ! teocalli be>+ bags ( a n>cotic inc5se call$ yauhtli 7abs9!1 wormwood1 or mugwort71 :i* !y ?rew by h&fuls into ! faces ( ! victims to mitigate _! dea?-agonies4 ,ea* captive 0 !n b\nd h& & foot & c>ri$ up to ! top ( ! teocalli4 ,on ! summit a great fire burn$4 ,^u ?is ! prie/s ca/ ! captives1 :o1 :5 half-roa/$1 7 dragg$ out ) ! aid ( grappl+-hooks & sacrific$ by hav+ _! he>ts torn out4 ,! /atue ( ,paynal 0 !n c>ri$ away to its own temple & all return$ home4 ,! "y m5 & boys ) ! wom5 began at midday to dance & to s+ 9 ! c\rty>d ( ,xiuhtecutli4 ,sudd5ly !y made 9 a body = ! place :]e ! tree already describ$ _h be5 rais$4 ,at a giv5 signal all might attempt to scale ! pole to rea* ! d\gh image at ! top4 ,! fir/ y\? at ! top seiz$ ! idol ( d\gh1 took ! %ield & ! arr[s1 ! d>ts & ! tamalis f ! head ( ! /atue1 !n ?rew ! crumbs ) ! plumes ( ! image d[n into ! cr[d1 :o f\ght & scrambl$ = !m4 ,:5 ! successful y\? desc5d$ f ! pole ) ! weapons ( ! god1 he 0 receiv$ ) acclamations & c>ri$ up to ! teocalli ,tlacac\hcan1 to receive jewels & a ri* mantle :i* no "o else might we>1 & ! hon\r ( be+ c>ri$ to 8 h\se by ! prie/s1 amid ! music ( horns & %ells4 ,!n ! p seiz$ ! ropes fa/5$ to ! tree & dragg$ x d[n4 ,izcalli4--,! foll[+ is a dige/ ( ,sahagun's description ( ?is fe/ival #bib3 ,ano!r fea/ ( ! god ( fire 0 held 9 ! mon? yzcalli1 ! eighte5? mon?2 x 0 call$ motlaxquiantota1 t is to say1 8our fa!r ! fire roa/s 8 food40 ,an image ( ! god ( fire 0 made1 by ty+ a frame ( hoops & /icks toge!r & cov]+ !m ) 8 ornam5ts4 ,on ! head ( ! image 0 plac$ a mask ( turquoise mosaic1 b&$ across ) r[s ( gre5 *al*ihuitls4 ,^u ! mask 0 put a cr[n fitt+ to ! head bel[1 wide above1 & cov]$ ) ri* plumage4 ,a wig ( r$di% hair 0 atta*$ to ?is cr[n s t ! locks fl[$ f bel[ x1 beh9d & ar\nd ! mask4 ,a robe ( fea!rs cov]$ ! front ( ! image & fell ov] ! gr\nd be=e ! feet4 ,! back ( ! image 0 probably left unadorn$ & 0 conceal$ by a ?rone cov]$ ) a jagu>-sk94 ,be=e ?is /atue new fire 0 made at midnight ) ! fire-/ick4 ,! sp>k obta9$ 0 put on ! he>? & a fire lit4 ,at break ( day boys & y\?s came ) game & fi% t !y _h captur$ on ! previ\s day4 ,walk+ r\nd ! fire1 !y gave x to c]ta9 old m5 t /ood !re1 :o1 tak+ x1 ?rew x into ! flames be=e ! god1 giv+ ! y\?s 9 return c]ta9 tamalis made = ?is purpose by ! wom54 ,to eat ^! tamalis x 0 necess>y to /rip (f ! maize-leaves 9 :i* !y _h be5 wrapp$ & cook$2 ^! leaves 7 n ?r[n into ! fire1 b 7 all put toge!r & ?r[n into wat]4 ,aft] ?is all ! old m5 ( ! qu>t] 9 :i* ! fire 0 drank octli & sang be=e ! image ( ,xiuhtecutli till night4 ,?is 0 ! t5? day ( ! mon?1 & complet$ t "p ( ! fea/ :i* 0 call$ vauquitamalqualiztli4 ,on ! tw5tie? & la/ day ( ! mon? 0 made ano!r /atue ( ! ,fire-god1 on a frame ( /icks & hoops4 ,!y plac$ on ! head a mask ) a gr\nd ( mosaic ) small pieces ( ! %ell call$ tapaztli1 compos$ bel[ ! m\? ( black /ones1 b&$ across ! no/rils ) black /ones ( ano!r sort1 & ! *eeks made ( a /ill diff]5t /one call$ tezcapu*tli4 ,z 9 ! previ\s case1 !re 0 a cr[n on ?is mask1 & ov] all & ov] ! body ( ! image co/ly & beautiful decorations ( fea!r-"w4 ,be=e ! ?rone on :i* ?is /atue sat !re 0 a fire1 & ! y\?s (f]$ game to & receiv$ cakes f ! old m5 ) v>i\s c]emonies1 ! day clos+ ) ! dr9k+ ( octli by ! old p1 ?\gh n to ! po9t ( intoxication4 ,! fe/ivals ( ?is mon? 7 usually )\t human sacrifices1 b e f\r? ye> 0 an exception to ?is4 ,9 su* a ye>1 on ! tw5tie? & la/ day ( ! mon?1 m5 & wom5 7 sla9 z images ( ! god ( fire4 ,! wom5 :o _h to die c>ri$ all _! app>el & ornam5ts on _! %\ld]s1 & ! m5 did ! same4 ,!y 7 decorat$ to resemble ! god ( fire2 !y asc5d$ ! teocalli1 walk$ r\nd ! sacrificial /one1 & !n desc5d$ & return$ to ! place :]e !y 7 to be kept = ! night4 ,ea* man _h a rope ti$ r\nd ! middle ( 8 body1 :i* 0 held by 8 gu>ds4 ,at midnight ! hair ( ! cr[n ( ! head ( ea* 0 %av5 (f be=e ! fire & kept = a relic1 & ! head itself 0 cov]$ ) a mixture ( res9 & h5's fea!rs4 ,aft] ?is ! victims burn$ _! clo?+1 or gave x away to _! keep]s1 & z ! morn+ broke !y 7 decorat$ ) pap]s & l$ to ! place ( sacrifice ) s++ & danc+4 ,^! fe/ivities w5t on till midday1 :5 a prie/ ( ! temple1 array$ 9 ! ornam5ts ( ! god ,paynal1 came d[n1 pass$ be=e ! victims1 & !n w5t up aga94 ,!y 7 l$ up aft] him 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y _h to die4 ,!re 0 !n a gr& dance ( ! nobles1 l$ by ! k+ himself1 ea* danc] we>+ a high-cr[n$ pap] coronet1 a k9d ( false nose ( blue pap]1 e>r+s ( turquoise mosaic1 or ( wood wr\ght ) fl[]s1 a blue1 fl[]$ jacket1 & a mantle4 ,susp5d$ f ! neck ( ea* 0 ! figure ( a dog made ( pap] & pa9t$ ) fl[]s4 ,9 ! "r h& 0 c>ri$ a /ick %ap$ l a *opp+-knife1 ! l[] half ( :i* 0 pa9t$ r$ & ! upp] half :ite4 ,9 ! left h& 0 c>ri$ a little pap] bag ( copal4 ,! dance 0 begun on ! top ( ! teocalli1 & f9i%$ by ! danc]s desc5d+ & go+ f\r times r\nd ! c\rty>d ( ! temple1 aft] :i* all ent]$ ! palace ) ! k+4 ,?is dance took place only once 9 f\r ye>s1 & none b ! k+ & 8 lords c\ld take "p 9 x4 ,on ?is day ! e>s ( all *ildr5 born dur+ ! ?ree prec$+ ye>s 7 pi]c$ ) a bone awl1 & ! *ildr5 !mselves pass$ ne> or ?r\gh ! flames ( a fire4 ,!re 0 a fur!r c]emony ( tak+ ! *ildr5 by ! head & lift+ !m up1 8to make !m gr[10 & f ?is ! mon? took its "n1 yzcalli1 mean+ 8gr[?40 ,ce itzcu9tli4--,( ?is movable fea/ ,sahagun says #bic3 8,!y said t ! sign ce itzcu9tli 0 ! sign ( fire1 & on x !y made a great fea/ to ,xiuhtecutli1 god ( fire1 to :om !y (f]$ copal inc5se & numb]s ( quails4 ,!y deck$ 8 image ) pap] ( diff]5t k9ds & _m ri* ornam5ts4 ,!n ! great made high celebration ( ! ev5t 9 _! h\ses4 ,x 0 "u ?is sign t !y made election ( ! k+ & ! consuls1 :i* 0 celebrat$ 9 ! f\rte5? temple by banquets1 dances1 & great lib]ality4 ,x 0 at ^? fea/s t w> ^u enemies 0 proclaim$40 ,,temple ,sahagun /ates #bid t ! tzommolco 0 ! temple ( ,xiuhtecutli4 ,at ! foot ( ! /eps ( ?is temple 0 a t]race to :i* sev]al /eps gave access1 & ^u ?is c]ta9 female slaves 7 occasionally sacrific$4 ,,prie/hood ,! ,ixcocauhqui ,tzommolco teohua appe> to h be5 ! especial prie/s ( ,xiuhtecutli4 #bie ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,al?\gh ,xiuhtecutli und\bt$ly appe>$ to ! ,mexicans z ! p]sonification ( fire1 x 0 m z t elem5t 9 its primeval & orig9al =m1 its *aotic & elem5tal %ape4 ,he is1 inde$1 ! pre-sol> fire :i* exi/$ be=e ! creation ( ! sun or moon1 & j z ! gods ( wat] rul$ ov] moi/ure :]ev] x 0 to be f\nd1 s 0 ,xiuhtecutli imag9$ z hold+ sway ov] fire1 :e!r x came f ! heav5s above or ! e>? b5ea?4 ,?us we f9d him spok5 ( by ,sahagun z dwell+ 9 ! navel ( ! e>?1 :]e ! volcanic fires h _! orig91 & z hav+ 8 place above 9 :at appe>s to be a species ( cl\d-ca/le1 = ! ,mexican ^w = 8embattlem5t0 is d]iv$ f t = 8cl\d40 #bif ,he is also call$ 8,he :o ent]e? ! blue /one pyramid10 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 ! sky4 ,he corresponds to ! h\r be=e sunrise1 :i* makes x cle> t 8 prehi/oric prec$5ce to ! sun 0 insi/$ ^u 9 ! li/ ( ! day-h\rs4 ,! texts dwell ^u 8 antiquity1 = he is1 inde$1 ! ,old ,god1 ! god :o exi/$ be=e ! f\ndations ( ! _w1 fa!r & "m ( ! gods1 & 9 ?is ,i ?9k ,i see a ref]5ce to ! %ap+ nature ( fire1 its m\ld+ or creat+ influ5ce1 z obs]v$ 9 _m my?ologies4 ,b 9 mo/ pan!ons fire-gods und]take ! "w ( ! smi?1 & ?is seems to h giv5 rise to ! idea ( _! creative capacity4 ,t p>ticul> craft1 h[ev]1 0 unkn[n 9 ,mexico1 & ,i am !re=e at a loss to und]/& ?is p>ticul> phase ( ,xiuhtecutli1 unless x be t z fire 0 reg>d$ by ! ,mexicans z a symbol ( r5ewal or rebir? 7f ! fact t fre% fuel 0 capable ( add+ r5ew$ life to a dy+ fire71 & t ! idea ( creation _h no place 9 _! m9ds except z a r5ewal ( ! univ]se1 x may h be5 t !y reg>d$ t elem5t z a vehicle or a symbol ( recreation4 ,out ( ?is conception1 too1 arose ! belief t ,xiuhtecutli r5ew$ ! ye>1 f :i* circum/ance he takes 8 title 8,"l ( ! ,ye>40 ,izcalli1 too1 ! "n ( "o ( 8 fe/ivals1 means 8gr[?10 or p]haps 8cont9uance10 & seems to be connect$ 9 "s mann] ) ?is belief4 ,8 rul]%ip ( ! n9? day & ! n9? week1 ( :i* ! symbol is atl1 wat]1 seems directly oppos$ to all our ideas ( 8 "*1 b1 z ,sel] po9ts out1 ! ,mexicans ?\ght ( wat] 8prim>ily z a d]ivative concrete elem5t1 :i* orig9ally means some?+ l #8! %oot+ ?+1' d]iv$ f ! v]b a1 :i* 0 9 fact us$ 9 ! s5se ( #8to %oot1 to ?r[ ! spe>4'0 ,x is also connect$ ) ! symbol tla*9olli1 :i* ,sel] #big /ates means 8spe>-?r[+ & firebr&10 t is1 8w>40 ,9 ! ,codex ,borgia gr\p1 too1 :]e ! ,fire-god is pictur$ z rul] ( ! n9? day1 we f9d equival5ts to ?is symbol1 :i* und\bt$ly connect him ) ! de/ruction :i* foll[s ^u w>1 & !re are also pictorial indications1 su* z ! ?rone ) ! jagu>-sk9 cov]+1 :i* associate him ) ! idea ( ju/ice1 ( law-giv+1 &1 aga91 ) t ( su/5ance4 ,z ,"l ( ! ,middle1 ( ! ,c5tre1 too1 he is und\bt$ly rul] ( ! dome/ic he>?1 :i* 9 ! h\ses ( ! ,mexicans 0 situat$ 9 ! middle ( ! dwell+4 ,he 0 also ?\ght ( z ! 8,"l ( ,weal?10 especially t ho>d$ 9 ! h\se by c>eful h\sekeep+ & =esight1 & dilig5t workman%ip 9 ! fields4 #bih ,,*antico 8,,9 ,,! ,,h\se0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,xo*imilco4 ,m9or ,names3 ,quaxolotl 8,two-head$40 ,*icunaui itzcu9tli 8,n9e ,dog40 ,papaloxaual 8,butt]fly ,pa9t+40 ,tlappapalo 8,%e ( ! ,r$ ,butt]fly40 ,yei ,cuetzpal9 8,?ree ,liz>d40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! eighte5? tonalamatl division1 ce eecatl4 ,compass ,direction3 ,! we/4 ,fe/ival3 ,*i*unaui itzcu9tli1 ! day 8n9e dog40 ,symbol3 ,! eagle's foot4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4--,! l[] half ( h] face is black1 daub$ ) rubb]1 & ! upp] half is r$4 ,%e has a gold5 e>-plug4 ,%e we>s a r$ g>m5t & h] hair is b\nd up 9 a fillet ( cotton rags4 ,on h] back %e we>s ! arr[-l device meiotli4 ,h] ov]dress is 8! col\r ( spr+ fl[]s40 ,9 "o h& %e holds a fea!r /aff1 ! pap] cov]+ ( :i* is pa9t$ ) ! acute-angl$ figure :i* d5otes cotton1 & 9 ! o!r %e be>s ! %ield ) ! device ( ! eagle's foot4 ,sahagun says h] prie/ _h to keep 9 read9ess = h] fe/ival r$ & black pigm5ts1 a robe1 :ite s&als1 & small %ells4 ,codex ,borgia4--,9 ?is ,,ms4 %e is repres5t$ ) a yell[ face & a yell[ body4 ,%e we>s a r$ tippet1 :ite skirt1 & a /ep-%ap$ nose-ornam5t1 :ile h] head is wrapp$ r\nd ) a r$ clo? edg$ ) :ite %ell disks1 a fea!r decoration surm\nt+ ! clo?4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,"h %e has a yell[ face ) two r$ cross-l9es l ! n>r[ black /roke on ! face ( ! ,fire-god4 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4--,h] face is pa9t$ yell[1 dispos$ 9 a numb] ( fields1 ea* conta9+ a r+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,%e has ! long tusk ( a c>nivor\s bea/4 ,%e we>s gold5 p5dants 9 nose & e>s1 possibly a symbol ( ! sol> pictograph1 & on h] head %e we>s ! wat]-&-fire symbol tla*9olli4 ,%e we>s ! maxtlatl ( ! m51 to symbolize h] w>like nature1 ) a dea?'s-head beh9d h] girdle4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,! l[] half ( h] face is pa9t$ black1 & ! upp] r$1 l t ( ,xiuhtecutli4 ,%e we>s a blue nose-plug1 ! decoration ( ! dead w>riors4 ,on h] head %e has ! wat]-&-fire symbol4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis reg>ds ,*antico z a male god1 & /ates t3 8,*antico or ,cuaxolotle presid$ ov] ^! ?irte5 signs & 0 "l ( ,*ile1 or ( ! yell[ woman4 ,he 0 ! fir/ :o (f]$ sacrifice aft] hav+ eat5 a fri$ fi%2 ! smoke ( :i* asc5d$ to heav51 at :i* ,tonacatecotle became inc5s$ & pron\nc$ a curse aga9/ him t he %\ld be turn$ into a dog1 :i* accord+ly happ5$1 & !y nam$ him on ?is acc\nt ,*antico1 :i* is ano!r "n = ,miquitlantecotle4 ,f ?is transgression ! de/ruction ( ! _w ensu$4 ,he 0 call$ ,n9e ,dogs f ! sign on :i* he 0 born40 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a deals ) ,*antico 9 almo/ ! same words3 8,*antico1 !y say1 0 ! fir/ :o (f]$ sacrifice aft] hav+ eat5 a fri$ fi%1 & t 9 consequ5ce ( ! presumption ( (f]+ sacrifices )\t hav+ fa/$1 ,tonacatecutli became inc5s$ & pron\nc$ a curse aga9/ him t he %\ld be *ang$ into a dog1 :i* is an animal ( a v voraci\s nature2 & accord+ly !y nam$ him ,n9e ,dogs40 ,?is my? %\ld be comp>$ ) t ( ,nata & ,n5a 9 ! *apt] on ,cosmogony4 ,,fe/ival ,*icunaui itzcu9tli 78,n9e ,dog074--,sahagun #bii /ates t ! lapid>ies ( ,xo*imilco :o cut preci\s /ones ador$1 among o!rs1 ?is goddess & made a fea/ to h] on ! above sign4 ,!y attribut$ to h] ! articles ( fem99e toilet1 & ornam5t$ h] ) gold5 e>r+s & a butt]fly nose-plug ( ! same metal4 ,at h] fe/ival f\r captives repres5t$ ,*antico1 ,naualpilli1 #cjj ,macuilcalli1 #cja & ,c9teotl1 & 7 dress$ 9 _! insignia4 ,duran 7:o conf\nds ,*antico ) ,tlazolteotl7 /ates t at ?is fea/ ^! captives 7 ca/ into a fire exactly z at ! xocohuetzi fe/ival to ,xiuhtecutli 7q4v471 & t aft] ! (f]+ ! prie/s mortifi$ !mselves by lett+ ! res9 f burn+ copal tor*es drop on _! limbs4 ,,temple ,,& ,,prie/hood ,! idol ( ,*antico 0 kept 9 close conf9em5t 9 ! d>k ,tlillan1 & 0 n visible to ! vulg> gaze4 ,sahagun /ates t %e _h a temple 9 ,mexico call$ ,tetlanman1 & prie/s :o liv$ 9 ! ,tetlanman ,calmecac1 #cjb & t ! (fice ( ^! prie/s1 ! tecamma te\a1 0 ! furni%+ ( pa9t1 fea!rs1 & o!r necess>ies = ! fea/ ( ! goddess4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,l ,xiuhtecutli1 ! "* ( ,*antico is express$ by a wat]y sign1 t ( quiauitl 7ra974 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is really connect$ ) ! old my?ic fire-ra9 at ! end ( ! wat]-sun age1 :5 fire fell f heav5 & 8! foam-/ones foam$ up & ! rocks became r$40 ,! goddess mu/ be reg>d$ z ! consum+ fire1 z is prov$ by an acc\nt ( h] image by ,duran1 repres5t+ h] ) op5 jaws & hungry fangs4 ,x is because ( ?is1 too1 t %e came to be connect$ ) ! dog1 #cjc ! bit+ animal1 & t h] fe/ival is held on ! date *icunai itzcu9tli1 8n9e dog40 ,%e is fur!r ! volcanic fire :i* is hidd5 9 ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 & :i* 0 symbolically repres5t$ by ! fire %ut up 9 ! tlillan temple or sacr$ edifice1 & ?is plutonic significance is p]haps ! reason :y ! int]pret]s speak ( h] z hav+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ,mictlantecutli1 ! god ( ,hades2 b !y speak ( h] z well z ! 8,yell[ ,woman40 ,h] butt]fly names also h ref]5ce to ! flitt+ %apes se5 9 flame4 ,%e is ! patroness ( *illi pepp]1 :i* 0 naturally associat$ ) ! fi]y elem5t & 0 !re=e connect$ ) ! end ( a p]iod ( fa/+1 ! ,mexicans reg>d+ ab/95ce f ?is condim5t z equival5t to a fa/4 ,! my? :i* speaks ( h] z hav+ be5 puni%$ = eat+ fi% be=e a sacrifice is also eloqu5t ( ?is relation%ip1 & also by its ref]5ce to h] trans=mation into can9e =m connects h] fur!r ) ! dog & makes h] a patroness ( ! nanualt91 or wiz>ds1 :o on ! day itzcu9tli 78dog07 _h especial p[] to trans=m !mselves into animals4 ,h] "n 8,9 ! ,h\se0 alludes1 ( c\rse1 to h] "* z a goddess ( ! dome/ic he>?4 ,%e 0 also ! patroness ( ! goldsmi?s & jewell]s ( ,xo*imilco1 :o ( all crafts requir$ ! assi/ance ( h] elem5t4 ,,quaxolotl 8,,split ,,at ,,! ,,top0 7,,flame7 ,relation%ip3 ,a v>iant ( ,*antico4 ,fe/ival3 ,ce xo*itl1 8"o fl[]40 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,%e is s call$ because %e we>s ,xolotl's decoration on h] head4 ,! d\ble face ( ,xo*iquetzal 9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #fj7 is reg>d$ by ,sel] z t ( ,quaxolotl--! goddess p>t+ into two heads4 ,%e is also ! goddess :o has borne tw9s4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,quaxolotl is a v>iant ( ,*antico4 ,! "n1 :i* signifies 8split at ! top10 seems to signify ! k9d ( flame :i* bifurcates or splits into two tongues4 ,%e is ?us connect$ ) ?+s d\ble1 & is ! goddess :o has borne tw9s4 ,sahagun1 :o calls h] ,quaxolotl-,*antico1 #cjd !reby id5tifies h] ) t goddess1 & /ates t %e 0 h\s$ 9 ! tw5ty-n9? temple 9 ! great c\rt at ,mexico1 ! ,tetlanman1 :i* he di/+ui%es f t ( ,*antico prop]1 ! ,tetlanman ,calmecac1 ! tw5ty-sev5?4 ,he /ates t slaves 7 sacrific$ "h on ! sign ce xo*itl1 8"o fl[]10 & p]haps ?is fixes ! date ( ! fe/ival ( ! goddess4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,octli ,,or ,,pulque 7,,dr9k7 ,,gods ,,g5]al ,"n3 ,c5tzon ,toto*t9 8,f\r ,hundr$ ,rabbits40 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico g5]ally4 ,fe/ival3 ,! day ome to*tli 78two rabbit07 9 ! sign ce mazatl 78"o de]071 a movable fea/4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ! insignia ( ! octli-gods may be g5]ally describ$ z foll[s3 7#a7 ,a two-col\r$ face-pa9t+1 ! front half ( ! facial pr(ile 7i4e4 ! middle "p ( ! face7 be+ pa9t$ r$ 9 its entire l5g?1 bo? sides at ! temples black 7or d>k gre571 or else black ) longi% yell[ spots4 7#b7 ,a nasal plate1 h&le-%ap$1 ! ends involut$ outw>dly1 or cresc5t-%ap$1 ! gold5 ,huaxtec nose-ornam5t1 yaca-metztli4 ,x is usually m>k$ on all articles d$icat$ to ! octli-gods4 7#c7 ,a f\r-corn]$ e>-p5dant1 :i* agrees sub/antially ) t ( ! ,ra9-god4 7#d7 ,a neck-ornam5t fall+ f> d[n1 loose 9 texture1 made ( mal9alli grass fibre4 7#e7 ,a cr[n ( h]on-fea!rs1 su* z is worn by ! ,ra9-god1 b "h comb9$ ) ! cuecaluitoncatl1 ,quetzal's neck-ornam5t made ( d>k fea!rs1 ) "s project+ ar>a plumes4 7#f7 ,a /one axe z a weapon4 ,! mo/ /rik+ ( ^! objects are ! fir/ two4 ,s *>act]i/ic are !y ( ! octli-gods1 t a juxtaposition ( r$ & black l9es on a tilmatli is expla9$ 9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano z 8manta de dos conejos10 or %\ld]-cov]+ ( ! ,two-rabbit octli-god4 #cje ,,allusions ,,to ,,! ,,octli-,,gods ,,9 ,,g5]al ,sahagun1 speak+ ( ! octli-gods1 #cjf says t ,tezcatzoncatl #cjg 0 ! p>5t or bro!r ( ! re/1 :o 7 call$ ,yiauhtecatl1 ,izquitecatl1 ,acolua1 ,tlilhua1 ,patecatli1 ,toltecatl1 ,papaztac1 ,tlaltecay\a1 ,ome to*tli1 ,tepuztecatl1 ,*imapaleuecatl1 & ,cohuatz9catl4 ,"o ( ! hymns 9 ,sahagun's collection alludes z foll[s to ! octli-gods3 ,9 ,colhuacan 9 fe> ,fe> has 8 home4 ,! ,god 9 ! ,palace1 ,tezcatzonco1 ,he 0 dealt )1 !re=e he wept 7! fire wept874 ,n s1 n s 7%all x be7 7sai? he7 ,! ,god 0 dealt )1 !re=e he wept4 ,! ,god 9 ! ,palace ,axalaco1 ,he 0 dealt )1 !re=e he wept4 ,n s1 n s 7%all x be7 7sai? he7 ,! ,god 0 dealt )1 !re=e he wept4 ,i h foll[$ ,sel]'s translation ( ?is hymn1 b1 l him1 c glean little f x4 ,x seems to me to allude vaguely to ! cutt+ ( ! agave-plant1 & ! consequ5t )drawal ( ! sap f :i* octli is made4 ,a report on ! ,huaxtec t]ritory dat$ #aegi evid5tly relates to ! octli-gods4 ,x /ates t3 8,!y relat$ ano!r fable1 t !y _h two o!r effigies z gods1 "o call$ ,ometo*tli1 :o is ! god ( w9e2 ! o!r ,tezcatlipoc1 :i* is ! "n ( ! mo/ exalt$ idol wor%ipp$ by !m1 & ) ^! !y _h pa9t$ ! figure ( a woman nam$ ,hueytonantz91 t is1 #8our great "m1' because !y said %e 0 ! "m ( all ^? gods or demons4 ,& ^? f\r above-m5tion$ male demons1 !y relat$1 _h kill$ ?is great "m1 f\nd+ ) h] ! in/itution ( human sacrifice1 & tak+ h] he>t out ( h] brea/ & pres5t+ x to ! sun4 ,simil>ly1 !y relat$ t ! idol ,tezcatlipoc _h kill$ ! god ( w9e ) 8 cons5t & concurr5ce1 giv+ out t 9 ?is way he gave him et]nal life1 & t if he did n die1 all p]sons dr9k+ w9e mu/ die2 b t ! dea? ( ?is ,ometo*tli 0 only l ! sleep ( "o drunk1 t he aft]w>ds recov]$ & aga9 became fre% & well40 ,,fe/ival ,! pr9cipal fe/ival ( ! octli-gods 0 ome to*tli 78two rabbit071 & ?is cal5drical "n became 9 a measure deifi$ z a sep>ate god1 :o 0 ! same z ,tepoxtecatl4 #cjh ,sahagun says ( ?is fe/ival3 8,9 ! sign ce maatl1 on ! second day call$ ome to*tli1 !y made a great fea/ to ! god ,izquitecatl1 :o is ! second god ( w9e1 & n only to him1 b to all ! gods ( w9e1 :o 7 v num]\s4 ,!y ornam5t$ 8 image 9 ! temple1 (f]$ him food1 & made songs & play$ on in/rum5ts 9 8 pres5ce4 ,!y plac$ a great j> ( octli 9 ! c\rt ( ! temple1 & :oev] wi%$ drank f x4 ,! duty ( repl5i%+ ! j> 0 giv5 to ! m5 :o cut ! maguey4 ,!y c>ri$ to ! h\se ( ! god ! fir/-fruits ( ! fir/ sap1 :i* !y drew f x40 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,,9 ,,g5]al ,:5 a man 0 intoxicat$ ) ! native ,mexican dr9k ( octli1 a liquor made f ! juice ( ! ,agave ,am]icana1 he 0 believ$ to be "u ! influ5ce ( a god or _s4 ,! commone/ =m "u :i* ! ,dr9k-god 0 wor%ipp$ 0 ! rabbit1 t animal be+ consid]$ z utt]ly devoid ( s5se4 ,?is p>ticul> div9ity 0 kn[n z ,ometo*tli4 ,! scale ( debau*]y :i* x 0 desir$ to rea* 0 indicat$ by ! numb] ( rabbits wor%ipp$1 ! highe/ numb]1 f\r hundr$1 repres5t+ ! mo/ extreme degree ( intoxication4 ,! *ief octli-gods ap>t f ^! 7 ,patecatl & ,teque*mecauiani4 ,if ! drunk>d desir$ to escape ! p]ils ( accid5tal hang+ dur+ intoxication1 x 0 necess>y to sacrifice to ! latt]1 b if dea? by dr[n+ 0 appreh5d$1 ,teatlahuiani1 ! deity :o hurri$ drunk>ds to a wat]y grave1 0 placat$4 ,if ! debau*ee wi%$ 8 puni%m5t n to exce$ a heada*e1 ,quatlapanqui 7,! ,head-splitt]7 0 sacrific$ to1 or else ,papaztac 7,! ,n]veless74 ,ea* trade or pr(ession _h its own ,ometo*tli1 b = ! ari/ocracy !re 0 "o only ( ^! gods1 ,cohuatz9catl1 a "n signify+ 8,he :o has ,gr&p>5ts40 ,sev]al ( ^! dr9k-gods _h names :i* connect$ !m ) v>i\s localities2 = example1 ,tepoxtecatl 0 ! octli-god ( ,tepoztlan4 ,! cal5d> day ,ometo*tli1 :i* means 8two rabbit10 because ( ! symbol :i* accompani$ x1 0 "u ! special protection ( ^! gods1 & ! ,mexicans believ$ t anyone born on t day 0 almo/ inevitably doom$ to become a drunk>d4 ,all ! octli-gods 7 closely associat$ ) ! soil & ) ! ,e>?-goddess4 ,aft] ! ,indians _h h>ve/$ _! maize !y drank to intoxication1 & invok$ "o or o!r ( ^! gods4 ,on ! :ole x is safe to inf] t !y 7 orig9ally deities ( local husb&ry :o imp>t$ virtue to ! soil z octli imp>t$ /r5g? & c\rage to ! w>rior4 ,_m ( ! titles ( ^! deities are d]iv$ f place-names1 z ,acolua1 ,calhuatz9catl1 ,*imalpanecatl1 etc41 & ?is widespread d5om9ation w\ld seem to %[ t _! wor%ip mu/ h be5 e/abli%$ at an e>ly p]iod1 & t ea* seems to repres5t a section ( ! population ( ,mexico4 ,_! relation ) ! moon is pla9--a rabbit dwelt !re91 & !y 7 rabbit-gods4 ,!y seem to h be5 connect$ 9 a measure ) ! cult ( fire4 ,vetancurt /ates t ! natives 9 8 day1 :5 !y _h brew$ ! new octli1 & x 0 ready to be drunk1 fir/ built a fire1 walk$ r\nd x 9 procession1 & ?rew "s ( ! new liquor into ! flames1 *ant+ ! :ile an invocation to ,tezcatzoncatl to desc5d & be pres5t ) !m4 #cji ,duran says t 8! octli 0 a fav\rite (f]+ to ! gods1 & especially to ! god ( fire40 ,sometimes x 0 plac$ be=e a fire 9 vases1 sometimes x 0 scatt]$ ^u ! flames ) a bru%1 at o!r times x 0 p\r$ out ar\nd ! fireplace4 #caj ,sahagun also /ates t ! liquor 0 p\r$ on ! he>? at f\r sep>ate po9ts4 #caa ,jac9to de la ,s]na describes ! same c]emony z curr5t 9 8 day4 #cab ,! invocation ran3 8,%9+ ,rose1 light-giv+ ,rose1 receive & rejoice my he>t40 ,may n ?is connection ) fire h aris5 out ( "s su* tra9 ( ?\ght z connect$ ! lightn+ ) ! sacr$ oak ( ,zeus8 ,9 8 ,asc5t ( ,olympus1 ,dr4 ,r5del ,h>ris has %[n t ! oak 0 reg>d$ z ! 8animi/ic repository ( ! ?und]10 & !re=e ( ! heav5ly fire4 ,may n ! ubiquit\s & ov]%ad[+ maguey-plant1 f :i* ! octli sap 0 tak51 h _h a l significance = ! ,mexicans8 ,! pr9cipal octli-gods may n[ be exam9$ m p>ticul>ly4 ,,tezcatzoncatl 8,,mirror ,,cov]$ ,,) ,,/raw0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,*i*imec t]ritory4 ,relation%ip3 ,husb& ( ,coatlicue4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,a /one figure ( ?is god f ,tacubaya %[s him 9 ! recumb5t position (t5 obs]v$ 9 ! /atues ( ! octli-gods1 & hold+ a l>ge octli j> on 8 /oma*4 ,a headdress resembl+ t ( an ,arab cov]s ! head1 & f und]nea? x desc5d ! /r&s ( :at seems to be a wig4 ,:at appe>s to be a s]p5t motif1 ! ends ( :i* are squ>e 9 =m1 encircles ! eyes almo/ l a pair ( spectacles1 & he we>s ! usual lun> nose-plug ( ! octli deities4 ,an elaborate necklace1 wri/lets1 & leg-pieces ( preci\s /ones are worn1 & ! und]side ( ! /atue is incis$ to repres5t ! ripples ( wat] & is cov]$ ) repres5tations ( m>9e animals & %ells4 ,,my? ,a passage 9 a report on ! ,huaxtec t]ritory1 dat$ #aegi1 /ates t ,tezcatzoncatl 0 kill$ & reviv$ by ,tezcatlipoc1 by :i* act ! drunk>d's sleep became h>mless 9 ! future = m54 ,! passage runs3 8,!y relat$ t ! idol ,tezcatlipoc _h kill$ ! god ( w9e ) 8 cons5t & concurr5ce1 giv+ out t 9 ?is way he gave him et]nal life1 & t if he did n die1 all p]sons dr9k+ w9e mu/ die2 b t ! dea? ( ?is ,ometo*tli 0 only l ! sleep ( "o drunk1 t he aft]w>ds recov]$ & aga9 became fre% & well40 ,,fe/ivals ,allusion is made to ,vetancurt's m5tion ( a special c]emony to ,tezcatzoncatl on ! prec$+ page4 ,,prie/hood ,sahagun says #cac t a prie/ call$ by ! same "n z ! god 0 *>g$ ) ! prep>ations = ! fe/ival ( tepeilhuitl1 9 :i* f\r victims1 "o ( :om bore ! "n ( ,mayauel1 an octli-goddess1 7 sla94 7,see ,tlaloc--,fe/ivals47 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,tezcatzoncatl appe>s to h be5 ! god ( intoxication p> excell5ce1 fa!r ( ! o!r octli-gods1 to :om special invocation 0 made :5 ! new liquor 0 brew$4 ,,tepoxtecatl 8,,he ,,( ,,! ,,axe0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,*i*imec qu>t] ( ,amantlan1 ,mexico4 ,tepoxtlan 9 ,cu]navaca4 ,symbol3 ,! copp] axe4 ,,appe>ance ,,& ,,insignia ,9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano1 ,tepoxtecatl is pictur$ z we>+ ! peculi> nose-plug ( ! octli-gods1 ! motif ( :i* reappe>s on 8 %ield4 ,he is cr[n$ ) a pana*e f :i* leaves spr\t1 & lun> & /ell> symbols appe> "h & !re 9 8 insignia4 ,he c>ries ! copp] axe symbolical ( ! octli-gods1 & we>s ! mal9alli h]b necklace4 ,,temple ,! be/-kn[n temple ( ,tepoxtecatl is t at ,tepoxtlan s fully describ$ by ,sel] 7see ,bullet9 #bh ( ,u4,s4 ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 pp4 #cda ff471 & ,pr(essor ,m>%all ,h4 ,saville 7,proc4 ( ,am]4 ,assoc4 = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ces1 vol4 viii ( ! ,bullet9s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory74 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,tepoxtecatl 0 ! octli-god ( ! ,*i*imec p ( ! qu>t]1 or b>rio1 ( ,amantlan1 9 ! city ( ,mexico-,t5o*titlan4 ,8 idol 0 plac$ beside t ( o!rs 9 ! holy place ( t qu>t]1 :i* boa/$ ano!r octli-god1 ,macuil to*tli4 ,"o ( ! captives sla9 9 ! mon? tepeilhuitli1 at ! temple call$ ,c5tzon toto*t9 inteopan1 0 nam$ aft] him4 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano1 speak+ ( ,tepoxtecatl1 says3 8,?is is ! repres5tative ( a great iniquity :i* 0 ! cu/om 9 a village nam$ ,tepoxtlan2 namely :5 an ,indian di$ 9 a /ate ( intoxication ! o!rs ( ?is village made a great fea/ to him1 hold+ 9 _! h&s copp] axes1 :i* 7 us$ to fell wood40 ,! "q arises3 9 :at mann] 0 ! axe connect$ ) ! octli-god8 ,! axe is1 ( c\rse1 ! implem5t ( ! ,tlaloqu1 or ra9-gods1 & ( ! ,*ac1 or ra9-gods ( ,yucatan4 ,!re=e1 ,i take x1 ! axe ( ,tepoxtecatl gives him a c]ta9 pluvial significance1 :i* ! octli-gods z /r5g!n]s ( ! soil1 ! deities :o gave 8c\rage0 to ! e>?1 und\bt$ly possess$4 ,,patecatl 8,,he ,,f ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,! ,,m$ic9es0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,orig9ally ! ,huaxtec c\ntry4 ,relation%ip3 ,husb& ( ,mayauel4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,"l ( ! twelf? day1 mal9alli4 ,"l ( ! elev5? 8week10 ce ozomatli4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #eg3 ,he sits opposite ,tlazolteotl & we>s a cresc5t-%ap$ ,huaxtec nasal ornam5t1 & on 8 brea/ a rem>kable comma-%ap$ curv$ ornam5t :i* is1 p]haps1 a piece ( a l>ge spiral snail's %ell1 & :i* is peculi> to ,patecatl & ,tlazolteotl4 ,he has ! half-black1 half-light face ( ! octli-gods4 ,he we>s ,quetzalcoatl's fan-l nape adornm5t1 ! fillet ( unspun cotton di/9ctive ( ,tlazolteotl1 & an e>-plug ( ! same mat]ial4 ,he holds a /one hat*et1 :i* is ! symbol & weapon ( ! octli-gods1 pa9t$ blue to indicate nephrite or "s su* /one4 ,%eet #ac3 ,he we>s a fillet :i* affects ! =m ( ! ,mexican royal cr[n1 consi/+ ( :ite fur ) an ape's head set on ! frontal side1 evid5tly a b>b>ic ornam5t peculi> to ! di/rict :5ce he came4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,%eet #ce3 ,"h he we>s a w$ge-%ap$ ,huaxtec cap1 pa9t$ blue & r$1 & a disk-%ap$ %ell on 8 brea/4 ,8 e>r+ is =m$ ( a trapeze-&-ray motif1 l ^? on ! /one head ( ,coyolxauhqui4 ,! ends ( 8 lo9-clo? are r\nd$ l ,quetzalcoatl's4 ,%eet #ij3 ,he we>s a brea/-ornam5t consi/+ ( a black1 leaf-%ap$1 obsidian knife4 ,aub9 ,tonalamatl4--,he holds 9 8 left h& "s spikes ( ! agave-leaf1 & 9 8 "r h& ,quetzalcoatl's ?r[+-/ick1 :i* is involut$ snail-fa%ion at ! end & pa9t$ ) a /ell> design4 ,an eagle & jagu> /& be=e him hold+ pap] flags1 ^! symbols ( ! w>rior signify+ ! c\rage-giv+ nature ( octli dr9k4 ,!y are 9 sacrificial array1 ) ! sacrificial cord r\nd _! necks & ! sacrificial flag 9 _! claws4 ,! half-night & half-day symbol is above !m1 signify+ ! "t ( ! octli orgies4 ,codex ,magliabec*iano4--,in/ead ( ! /one axe he holds 9 8 h& ,quetzalcoatl's ?r[+-/ick1 & also we>s 8 %ell brea/plate4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says3 8,patecatl 0 ! husb& ( ,mayaguil 7,mayauel71 ! woman ) f\r hundr$ brea/s1 :o 0 metamorphos$ into ! maguei plant or v9e1 & 0 prop]ly ! root :i* !y put into ! wat] or w9e :i* di/ils f ! maguei 9 ord] to make x f]m5t4 ,& ! unhappy man to ^: indu/ry ! art ( mak+ w9e by caus+ f]m5tation by means ( ?is root 0 due1 0 aft]w>ds wor%ipp$ z a god40 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis /ates t3 8,patecatle 0 ! god ( ^! ?irte5 days1 & ( a k9d ( root :i* !y put into w9e 7! opactli or peyote72 s9ce )\t ?is root no quantity ( w9e1 no matt] h[ mu* !y drank1 w\ld produce intoxication4 ,patecatle taught !m ! art ( mak+ w9e1 = w9e 0 made accord+ to 8 in/ructions2 & z m5 :5 "u ! influ5ce ( w9e are valiant1 s !y suppos$ t ^? :o 7 born dur+ ?is p]iod w\ld be c\rage\s4 ,!y consid]$ ^! ?irte5 days all z =tunate1 = ,patecatle1 ! god ( w9e1 ! husb& ( ,mayaquel1 :o 0 o!rwise call$ ,cipaquetona1 he :o 0 sav$ f ! deluge1 rul$ ov] !m4 ,!y plac$ ! eagle & ! lion ne> him z a sign t _! sons w\ld be valiant m540 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,patecatl 0 orig9ally a ,huaxtec god4 ,tradition said t ! tribal ance/or ( ?is p 0 ! fir/ drunk>d4 ,9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 ,patecatl is call$ 8! f9d] ( ! /alks & roots ( :i* octli is made10 t is ^? roots :i* 7 add$ to ! octli to enhance its intoxicat+ or n>cotic /r5g?4 ,motol9ia /ates t ^? roots 7 call$ oc-patli or octli-m$ic9e1 & ! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano confirms ! passage1 z d ! int]pret]s ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a & ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4 ,i fail to f9d corroboration else:]e ( ! int]pret]'s /atem5t t ,patecatl 0 8sav$ f ! deluge40 ,he seems to me to be> a g5]al resemblance to ,apollo1 z rec5tly expla9$ by ,dr4 ,r5del ,h>ris1 #cad t is1 he seems to h be5 nam$ 9 accordance ) "s conception ( him 9 :i* he 0 ?\ght ( z com+ f a 8,l& ( ,m$ic9es0 79 8 case ! ,huaxtec c\ntry1 :i* 0 also ! ,tlillan ,tlapallan1 ! 8,l& ( ,writ+0 or ( ,civilization74 ,! h]bal conception ( _m ,greek & o!r deities--t is1 _! actual developm5t f plants1 ! evolution ( ! god f ! m$ic9al h]b--is n[ well au!nticat$1 z c be se5 f a p]usal ( ,dr4 ,h>ris's rem>kable "w4 ,nor is ! prov5 developm5t ( _m deities f m9]al sub/ances any less rem>kable4 ,,mayauel 8,,%e ,,( ,,! ,,maguey-,,plant0 ,m9or ,names3 ,ce ,quauhtli 8,"o ,eagle40 ,cipactonal 8,cipactli ,sun40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! eigh? day1 to*tli2 ( ! eigh? week1 ce mal9alli4 ,symbols3 ,! agave-plant2 ! octli jug or vase4 ,compass ,direction3 ,! l[] region1 or s\?4 ,relation%ip3 ,"o ( ! octli-gods & ! ,tzitzimim2 wife ( ,patecatl4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #ab3 ,%e is pa9t$ yell[1 ! wom5's col\r1 & is se5 issu+ f an agave-plant4 ,9 %eet #af %e has ! g5]al aspect ( ,tlazolteotl1 & h] hair is b\nd up ) a b& ( unspun cotton1 a plug ( :i* also hangs f h] e>4 ,ab\t ! m\? %e is pa9t$ ) black rubb]1 & z a nasal ornam5t we>s ! gold5 cresc5t4 ,h] face is :ite1 & h] tippet & skirt are pa9t$ 9 ! semblance ( wat] & bo? g>m5ts h a fr+e ( snail-%ells4 ,%e suckles a fi%4 ,%eet #fh3 ,9 ?is place %e is repres5t$ z rul] ( ! eigh? week4 ,%e has a two-col\r$ face-pa9t+1 ! upp] half yell[1 & ! l[] gre5 or blue4 ,! octli col\r is repres5t$ 9 h] g>m5ts1 :i* are :ite4 ,9 ! pictures ( ! ,borgia gr\p g5]ally %e is %[n we>+ ! blue ind5t$ nose-plate :i* is assign$ to ,xo*iquetzal4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia g5]ally %e we>s z a back-device a quemitl aft] ! /yle ( ,tlaloc1 b col\r$ :ite & blue or gre54 ,on h] flame-col\r$ locks %e sometimes we>s a jewell$ *a9 ) a conv5tional bird's head decorat+ ! front ( x1 :ile ! fea!r-tuft on h] head resembles t worn by ! ,sun-god 9 ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #ae71 & is int5d$ to symbolize ! fi]y nature ( ! octli liquor4 ,aub9 ,tonalamatl4--,%eet #h3 ,%e is pa9t$ ! col\r ( ! ,maize-goddess & h] maid5s--r$4 ,z a headdress %e we>s a b&age ) a neck-loop =m$ & col\r$ l t ( ! goddess ,*al*ihuitlicue1 & connect$ ) a high cr[n4 ,%e be>s a copal inc5se bag4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,a4--,%e is %[n ) ! upp] half ( h] face yell[ & ! l[] blue1 ?us depict+ ! typical two-col\r$ face-pa9t+ ( ! octli-gods4 ,on h] head %e we>s ! *>act]i/ic octli-god's headdress1 also worn by ,tlaloc1 & holds a dr9k+-vessel brimm+ ) octli4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,h] face is blue ) a few oblique l9es aft] ! /yle ( ! w>rior's face-pa9t4 ,%e we>s z a headdress a b&age ( unspun cotton 7usually ! *>act]i/ic ( ,tlazolteotl71 sp9dles 9 h] hair1 a quail's w+ & long plumes ( a yell[ col\r4 ,9 h] h& %e be>s a bun* ( octli-wort1 a root :i*1 if add$ to ! agave liquor1 makes its p[]s ( intoxication m pot5t4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eets #ca & #hi3 ,%e is repres5t$ we>+ ! headdress typical ( ,tlaloc & ( ! octli-gods--a b&age col\r$ :ite & blue1 ) knots to ! "r & left1 :i* leaves ^! tips or tippets /ick+ out4 ,two l>ge :ite & blue rosettes ) simil>ly col\r$ tassels dep5d by /r+s f ! "r & left ( ?is b&age4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,%eet #bh3 ,clo!d 9 a yell[-/rip$ tippet l t ( ,*al*ihuitlicue1 ) a bord] pa9t$ 9 ! col\rs ( ! jewel1 %e lies 9 h] agave-plant4 ,%e is cr[n$ ) a wrea? ( fl[]s & we>s a blue skirt4 ,codex ,laud4--,%eet #i3 ,! agave-plant rises f a turtle re/+ ^u a dragon4 ,adjac5t to ?is lie a copp] hat*et & a ?r[+-weapon1 :ile 9 h] h& %e holds an octli b[l ornam5t$ ) gems & fl[]s4 ,second>y ,aspects4--,%e is v (t5 sugge/$ by ! octli jug1 :i* 9 ! ,borgia gr\p is repres5t$ z a big two-h&$ vessel /&+ on s]p5t9e coils1 :ile to x are atta*$ votive pap]s ( ! type frequ5tly (f]$ to ! ,tlaloqu1 & bann]ets are plac$ on ! sides1 on :i* ! ,v-%ap$ po9t is depict$4 ,! night-&-day symbol surm\nts ! :ole4 ,?\gh %e is spok5 ( z hav+ _m brea/s1 ! goddess is v r>ely depict$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says ( h]3 8,!y feign t ,mayaguil 0 a woman ) f\r hundr$ brea/s1 & t ! gods on acc\nt ( h] fruitfulness *ang$ h] into ! maguei1 f :i* !y make w9e40 ,he also speaks ( h] z ! "m ( ,c9teotl1 rem>k+ t all ! gods _h _! orig9 f ! v9e :i* be>s ! grape 7! maguey-plant74 ,! ?ird int]pret] ( ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis calls h] 8,mayaquel1 :o 0 o!rwise call$ ,cipaquetona0 7,cipactonal71 & wife ( ,patecatl4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,mayauel1 z h] "n implies1 is prim>ily a deity ( ! maguey-plant4 ,b evid5ce is n want+ t %e also p>takes ( ! nature ( ! ,e>?-goddess1 z h] occasional appe>ance 9 ! insignia ( ,tlazolteotl & h] we>+ ( ! col\rs ( ! ,maize-goddess w\ld seem to %[4 ,z ! wife ( ,patecatl1 ! god 8f ! l& ( m$ic9es10 %e be>s ! ropes :i* symbolize ! octli-wort1 ! plant :i* gave a n>cotic quality to ! octli dr9k1 & :i* 0 ?\ght ( z /rangl+ or *ok+ ! drunk>d4 ,h] b\nte\sness ( f]tility 0 symboliz$ by ! possession ( f\r hundr$ brea/s1 & 9 ?is %e resembles ! old "m-goddess ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,%e has also aff9ities ) ,xo*iquetzal & ,cipactonal4 ,,totoltecatl 8,,he ,,( ,,tollan0 ,relation%ip3 ,"o ( ! octli-gods4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,! deity we>s a pap] cr[n surm\nt$ by a pana*e ( h]on-fea!rs & a nose-plug l t worn by ! o!r octli-gods4 ,8 wig or hair falls ov] 8 %\ld]s4 ,! upp] "p ( 8 body is nude1 b he we>s a r$-bord]$ clo? r\nd ! head4 ,8 %ield is a peculi> "o1 & ,sahagun calls x a 8%ield ( ! boat40 ,9 %ape x is almo/ l a mod]n door1 & f x dep5ds :at seem to be pap] /rips4 ,he we>s b&s ( "s textile mat]ial1 :i* are ti$ beh9d ) knots r\nd ! leg1 & he is %od ) s&als4 ,9 8 h& he c>ries ! obsidian axe typical ( ! octli-gods4 ,he seems to h be5 a dr9k-god ( ! ,toltecs4 ,,macuilto*tli 8,,five ,,rabbit0 ,area3 ,mexico4 ,compass ,direction3 ,we/4 ,symbol3 ,five to*tli sign4 ,relation%ip3 ,"o ( ! ,uitznaua4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,g5]al4--,9 bo? ,codex ,vaticanus ,b & ,codex ,borgia he is pa9t$ a yell[ col\r1 b 9 ,borgia v deep yell[1 almo/ br[n1 to di/+ui% ! rectangul>ly bord]$ yell[ field :i* is se5 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! eye1 & is *>act]i/ic ( all ! gods ( ! 8,macuil0 s]ies4 ,9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b ?is process is rev]s$1 ! yell[ field be+ pa9t$ a d>k]1 grey] %ade4 ,9 ?is ,,ms41 too1 ! god resembles ,macuil ,cozcaquauhtli1 b has a bundle ( /one knives be=e 8 m\?1 & he we>s at ! frontal side ( ! head-fillet a fl[]1 f :i* /one knives project4 ,on 8 brea/ is se5 ! eye1 ! orig9al =m ( ,tezcatlipoc's :ite r+1 & on 8 upp] arm he has a l>ge armlet1 pa9t$ a blue col\r4 ,sahagun ,,ms4--,! ,sahagun ,,ms4 describes him z hav+ ! h& motif 9 ! region ( ! m\?4 ,on ! head is a fea!r helmet surm\nt$ by a comb ( fea!rs1 & he we>s a necklet ( animal claws4 ,a r$-bord]$ clo? is twi/$ r\nd ! hips4 ,! s&als are :ite4 ,! %ield1 :i* is describ$ z a 8sun-%ield10 is r$1 & has claw ornam5ts4 ,! god c>ries an obsidian axe1 & a /aff ) a he>t inset & pa9t$ ) quetzal-fea!rs4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,f 8 possession ( ! h&-symbol 9 ! region ( ! m\?1 ,macuilto*tli1 ! 8,five ,rabbit10 seems to me to be 9 "s measure equat$ ) ! gods ,macuilxo*itl & ,xolotl1 & ?us p>takes ) !m ( ! quality ( a deity ( pleasure & conviviality4 ,,toto*t9 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4--,! face is pa9t$ 9 two diff]5t col\rs1 & ! head is surm\nt$ by a cr[n ( fea!rs4 ,! god we>s ! half-moon nose-plug ( ! octli-gods1 & an e>-plug made ( pap]4 ,on 8 back he we>s ! w+ ( ! r$ guacamayo1 & he has a fea!r coll>4 ,a net clo? decorat$ ) ! figures ( scorpions is hung r\nd 8 hips4 ,on 8 feet he we>s bells & %ells1 & ! s&als peculi> to ! octli-gods4 ,! %ield common to ! octli-gods hangs on 8 arm1 & he c>ries 9 8 h& ! obsidian or copp] axe ) :i* !y are usually repres5t$4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,sahagun 7bk4 i1 c4 xii7 alludes to ,toto*t9 z 8! god ( w9e40 ,he seems to me to be a p]sonification ( ! ,c5tzon ,toto*t9 7f\r hundr$ or 8innum]able0 octli-gods71 a figure 9 :i* ! entire body ( dr9k-gods seem to h become m]g$ 9 ! ,aztec m9d4 ,,tomiauhtecutli 8,,"l ,,( ,,! ,,maize-,,fl[]0 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4--,! god is pa9t$ black & on 8 face is a pla/] ( salvia *ia4 ,he we>s a cr[n ( pap] & ano!r ( h]on-fea!rs1 v>iegat$ ) plumes ( ! quetzal4 ,ar\nd 8 %\ld]s is ca/ a b& ( pap]1 & 8 lo9-clo? is ( ! same mat]ial4 ,on 8 feet he we>s %ells & :ite s&als4 ,8 %ield is decorat$ ) a wat]-rose1 & 9 8 h& he be>s a ru%-/aff4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,?is god 0 connect$ ) ! fl[]+ ( ! maize1 on :i* occasion1 dur+ ! mon? tepeilhuitl1 octli 0 drunk & 8 fe/ival celebrat$4 7,see ,sahagun1 ,app5dix to bk4 ii47 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,/ell> ,,& ,,planet>y ,,deities ,,tonatiuh 8,,! ,,sun0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,plateau ( ,anahuac4 ,m9or ,names3 ,piltz9tecutli 8,"y ,pr9ce40 ,totec 8,our ,*ief40 ,xipilli 8,! ,turquoise ,pr9ce40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,?ird ( ! n9e lords ( ! night4 ,rul] ( ! n9ete5? day-c\nt1 quiauitl4 ,rul] ( ! day-sign ce xo*itl4 ,compass ,direction3 ,upp] region2 ! heav5s2 "l ( ! ea/4 ,symbol3 ,! sun-disk1 :i* he usually we>s z a back-ornam5t4 ,fe/ivals3 ,! f\r? day1 nauoll91 9 ! sign ce ocelotl 7movable fea/74 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #i3 ,8 nose-plug has ! col\rs ( ! *al*ihuitl4 ,! ornam5t atta*$ to ! nape & back is a l>ge rosette or disk pa9t$ 9 ! *al*ihuitl col\rs1 z is ! wrap :i* falls ov] ! back4 ,! ends ( ! lo9-clo? also %[ ! elem5ts ( ?is hi]oglyph1 & su* a lo9-clo? pa9t+ 0 usually indicative ( ! rank ( ! we>] 9 anci5t ,mexico4 ,on 8 brea/ is a l>ge gold disk4 ,f 8 holl[ e>-plug dep5ds a jewell$ b&1 & 8 coll> consi/s ( a sol> disk 7874 ,%eet #gj3 9 ?is picture he is seat$ on a plat=m cov]$ ) a jagu>-sk94 ,8 face-pa9t & body-pa9t are yell[1 ) a rectangul> /ripe f ! end ( ! nose-plug & above ! eye across ! =ehead4 ,8 hair or wig is yell[1 & is held by a jewell$ b& ornam5t$ ) a bird's head4 ,8 headdress is fur!r equipp$ ) eagle's fea!rs1 & ?ree tassell$ cords edg$ ) cotton hang f x4 ,on 8 brea/ lies ! sol> disk4 ,! head ( a grey p>rot protrudes f 8 back1 & on ! face is a small r$ disk4 ,%eet #ad3 ,"h he is depict$ z a r$ ,tezcatlipoc ) ! face-pa9t ( ! ,sun-god1 b is )\t ! small r$ disk on ! face1 hav+ in/ead ! small1 f\r-corn]$ :ite-&-r$ pat* *>act]i/ic ( ! ,maize-god1 ( ,xo*ipilli & ,tonacatecutli4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #bj3 ,"h he is pa9t$ ) flame-col\r$ hair1 b\nd by a fillet1 on ! front ( :i* is ! usual bird's-head ornam5t4 ,8 pana*e consi/s *iefly ( two eagle's fea!rs1 f :i* hang two long b&s1 "o side ( :i* is hairy z if =m$ ( sk91 & ?is may be tak5 z a *>act]i/ic sign ( him 9 ! ,,mss4 ( ! ,codex ,borgia gr\p4 ,8 nose-plug has a plate dep5d+ f x1 :i* falls ov] ! m\?1 z 9 "s repres5tations ( ,tezcatlipoc1 & on 8 brea/ he we>s an ornam5t :i* recalls t worn by ! ,fire-god 9 ?is codex4 ,9 ?is ,,ms41 z 9 ,codex ,borgia1 he is repres5t$ z /&+ be=e a temple1 ) a burnt-(f]+ ( wood & rubb] 9 8 h&1 & "h ! temple is pa9t$ 9 ! *al*ihuitl col\r-elem5ts1 & its ro( cov]$ by jewell$ disks4 ,%eet #id3 ,9 ?is picture he is %[n z we>+ a long1 flame-l be>d1 :i* /rongly resembles t worn by ,quetzalcoatl & ,tonacatecutli 9 "s ,,mss41 save t x is ! col\r ( fire4 ,aub9-,g\pil ,tonalamatl4--,%eet #aj3 ,9 ?is manuscript ! upp] portion ( ! face is light r$1 & ! l[] a d>k] r$4 ,! out] corn] ( ! eye is encircl$ by ?ree r$ l9es1 :i* are r\nd$4 ,he we>s a jewell$ fillet1 fea!r$ cr[n1 coll>1 brea/-ornam5t1 butt]fly's w+ neck-ornam5t1 ! net-p\* ( ! hunt+ tribes1 & ! sword-fi% patt]n sword4 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4--,! face is yell[ ) no l9es4 ,he we>s ! fillet ) turquoise jewels1 & a :eel-%ap$ ornam5t at ! nape ( ! neck1 probably symbolic ( ! sol> disk4 ,else:]e 9 ?is ,,ms4 he is r$1 we>s ! sol> disk on 8 back1 & holds ! cot+a bird 9 "o h& & a %ield & a bundle ( spe>s 9 ! o!r4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,! face is half yell[1 half r$1 & is surm\nt$ by a flame-col\r$ wig b\nd by ! jewell$ fillet ) its usual ornam5t4 ,else:]e 9 ?is codex he repres5ts ! sun by night1 ) ! body & upp] "p ( ! face d>k1 no nasal rod1 b a cresc5t l t ( ! ,e>?-goddess & ! octli-gods4 ,! sea-snail's %ell is above him1 & ! symbol ( ! eye 9 a d>k pat*4 ,g5]al4--,z second memb] ( ! ?ird r[ 9 ,codex ,borgia1 ,vaticanus ,b1 & ,fejrvry-,may]1 he is recogniz$ by 8 r$ body & face-pa9t+1 & flame-col\r$ hair b\nd up by a jewell$ *a9 or /rap1 ) ! conv5tional bird figure on ! frontal side4 ,,wall-,,pa9t+s ,sev]al lively pa9t+s decorate ! friezes execut$ on ! walls ( ! palaces at ,mitla1 :]e ! insignia ( ! god are giv5 9 ! mann] famili> ?r\gh\t ,mexico4 ,! fillet ) ! bird's-head frontal ornam5t1 ! peculi> disposition ( ! pana*e1 & ! necklace typical ( ! deity are all reproduc$1 & "h s]ve to prove ! widespread "* ( 8 wor%ip4 ,,my?s ,! my?s deal+ ) ! orig9 ( ! sun & ! sev]al epo*s 9 :i* he reappe>$ "u diff]5t =ms h already be5 giv5 9 ! *apt] on ,cosmogony1 & 9 ! prcis ( ! op5+ *apt]s ( ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas4 ,! my?s relat+ to 8 p>adise h also be5 dealt ) 9 t *apt]4 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says3 8,x 0 ,tonatiuh !y affirm :o conduct$ to heav5 ! s\ls ( ^? alone :o di$ 9 w>2 & on ?is acc\nt !y pa9t him ) ^! arms 9 8 h&s4 ,he sits z a conqu]or1 exactly opposite to ! o!r :o is ne> him1 :o is god ( hell4 ,!y allege t ! cause ( w9t] be+ s disagreeable is ! abs5ce ( ! sun1 & t summ] is delightful on acc\nt ( its pres5ce2 & t ! return ( ! sun f our z5i? is no?+ m ?an ! approa* ( _! god to conf] 8 fav\rs on !m40 ,,fe/ivals ,nauoll94--,"o ( ! fea/s ( ! ,sun-god 0 held at ! c]emony kn[n z nauoll9 7! 8f\r motions10 allud+ to ! quiv]+ appe>ance ( ! sun's rays7 9 ! ,quauhquauht9*an 7,h\se ( ! ,eagles71 an arm\ry set ap>t = ! milit>y ord] ( t "n4 ,! w>riors ga!r$ 9 ?is hall = ! purpose ( dispat*+ a mess5g] to _! "l ! sun4 ,high up on ! wall ( ! pr9cipal c\rt 0 a great symbolic repres5tation ( ! orb1 pa9t$ ^u a brightly col\r$ cotton hang+4 ,be=e ?is copal & o!r fragrant gums & spices 7 burn$ f\r times a day4 ,! victim1 a w>-captive1 0 plac$ at ! foot ( a long /aircase lead+ up to ! /one on :i* he 0 to be sacrific$4 ,he 0 clo!d 9 r$ /rip$ ) :ite & wore :ite plumes 9 8 hair--col\rs symbolical ( ! sun--:ile he bore a /aff decorat$ ) fea!rs & a %ield cov]$ ) tufts ( cotton4 ,he also c>ri$ a bundle ( eagle's fea!rs & "s pa9t on 8 %\ld]s1 to enable ! sun1 to :om he 0 ! emiss>y1 to pa9t 8 face4 ,he 0 !n address$ by ! (ficiat+ prie/ 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,sir1 we pray y g to our god ! sun1 & greet him on our behalf2 tell him t 8 sons & w>riors & *iefs & ^? :o rema9 "h beg ( him to rememb] !m & to fav\r !m f t place :]e he is1 & to receive ?is small (f]+ :i* we s5d him4 ,give him ! /aff to help him on 8 j\rney1 & ?is %ield = 8 def5ce1 & all ! re/ t y h 9 ?is bundle40 ,! victim1 hav+ und]tak5 to c>ry ! message to ! ,sun-god1 0 !n dispat*$ ^u 8 long j\rney4 ,ome acatl or ,toxiuhilpilia4--,?is great sol> fe/ival 0 celebrat$ once 9 fifty-two ye>s only1 & signifi$ ! 8b9d+ ( ! ye>s10 ! end ( ! sol> cycle1 :51 x 0 believ$1 ! 8old0 sun di$ & a new lum9>y w\ld take its place1 or ! _w w\ld be plung$ into d>kness4 ,says ,clavig]o3 8,! fe/ival1 :i* 0 celebrat$ e fifty-two ye>s1 0 by f> ! mo/ spl5did & mo/ solemn1 n only among ! ,mexicans1 b likewise among all ! nations ( t empire1 or :o 7 neighb\r+ to x4 ,on ! la/ night ( _! c5tury1 !y ext+ui%$ ! fire ( all ! temples & h\ses1 & broke _! vessels1 e>!n pots1 & o!r kit*5 ut5sils1 prep>+ !mselves 9 ?is mann] = ! end ( ! _w :i* at ! t]m9ation ( ea* c5tury sic !y expect$ ) t]ror4 ,! prie/s1 clo!d 9 v>i\s dresses & ensigns ( _! gods & accompani$ by a va/ cr[d ( p1 issu$ f ! temples out ( ! city1 direct+ _! way t[>ds ! m\nta9 ,huixa*tla1 ne> to ! city ( ,itztapalapan1 upw>ds ( six miles di/ant f ! capital4 ,!y regulat$ _! j\rney 9 "s measure by obs]vation ( ! />s1 9 ord] t !y might arrive at ! m\nta9 a little be=e midnight1 on ! top ( :i* ! new fire 0 to be k9dl$4 ,9 ! meantime ! p rema9$ 9 ! utmo/ susp5se & solicitude1 hop+ on ! "o h& to f9d f ! new fire a new c5tury grant$ to mank9d1 & fe>+ on ! o!r h& ! total de/ruction ( mank9d if ! fire by div9e int]f]5ce %\ld n be p]mitt$ to k9dle4 ,husb&s cov]$ ! faces ( _! pregnant wives ) ! leaves ( ! aloe1 & %ut !m up 9 gran>ies2 because !y 7 afraid t !y w\ld be conv]t$ into wild bea/s & w\ld dev\r !m4 ,!y also cov]$ ! faces ( *ildr5 9 t way1 & did n all[ !m to sleep1 to prev5t _! be+ trans=m$ into mice4 ,all ^? :o did n g out ) ! prie/s m\nt$ ^u t]races1 to obs]ve f !nce ! ev5t ( ! c]emony4 ,! (fice ( k9dl+ ! fire on ?is occasion belong$ exclusively to a prie/ ( ,copolco1 "o ( ! di/ricts ( ! city4 ,! in/rum5ts = ?is purpose 71 z we h already m5tion$1 two pieces ( wood1 & ! place on :i* ! fire 0 produc$ f !m 0 ! brea/ ( "s brave prison] :om !y sacrific$4 ,z soon z ! fire 0 k9dl$ !y all at once exclaim$ ) joy2 & a great fire 0 made on ! m\nta9 t x might be se5 f af>1 9 :i* !y aft]w>ds burn$ ! victim :om !y _h sacrific$4 ,imm$iately !y took up portions ( ! sacr$ fire & /rove ) ea* o!r :o %\ld c>ry x mo/ spe$ily to _! h\ses4 ,! prie/s c>ri$ x to ! great] temple ( ,mexico1 f :5ce all ! inhabitants ( t capital 7 suppli$ ) x4 ,dur+ ! ?irte5 days :i* foll[$ ! r5ewal ( ! fire1 :i* 7 ! int]cal>y days1 int]pos$ betwe5 ! pa/ & ensu+ c5tury to adju/ ! ye> ) ! c\rse ( ! sun1 !y employ$ !mselves 9 repair+ & :it5+ ! public & private build+s1 & 9 furni%+ !mselves ) new dresses & dome/ic ut5sils1 9 ord] t ev]y?+ might be new1 or at lea/ appe> to be s1 ^u ! comm5cem5t ( ! new c5tury4 ,on ! fir/ day ( t ye> & ( t c5tury1 :i*1 z we h already m5tion$1 correspond$ to ! #bf? ( ,febru>y1 = no p]son 0 x lawful to ta/e wat] be=e midday4 ,at t h\r ! sacrifices began1 ! numb] ( :i* 0 suit$ to ! gr&eur ( ! fe/ival4 ,e place res\nd$ ) ! voice ( gladness & mutual congratulations on acc\nt ( ! new c5tury :i* heav5 _h grant$ to !m4 ,! illum9ations made dur+ ! fir/ nights 7 extremely magnific5t2 _! ornam5ts ( dress1 ent]ta9m5ts1 dances1 & public games 7 sup]iorly solemn40 #cae ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,9 my view ! sun-god ,piltz9tecutli is m]ely a p]sonification ( ,tonatiuh1 ! sun4 ,z has already be5 said1 sol> wor%ip 9 ,mexico seems to h be5 develop$ at a comp>atively late p]iod4 ,9 ! my?s reg>d+ ! orig9 ( ! sun giv5 by ,olmos & ,sahagun1 x is cle> t he is reg>d$ m z a lum9>y ?an z a god4 ,! "n ,tonatiuh1 inde$1 means no?+ m ?an 8sun10 & al?\gh "o ( ! sacrific$ gods 0 believ$ to h giv5 him life1 & he aft]w>ds acts z a liv+ be+1 he does n seem to possess ! same qualities ( p]sonality z 8 lat] =m1 ,piltz9tecutli4 ,! expression 8,tonatiuh0 seems to h be5 reg>d$ z a div9e place-"n1 a p>adise to :i* ^? w>riors f>$ :o di$ 9 battle4 ,tonatiuh 0 kn[n z ! ,teotl1 t is z ! god p> excell5ce1 b ?is does n by any means imply t ! ,mexicans reg>d$ him z ! highe/ =m ( deity kn[n to !m4 ,i ?9k x r means t ! prie/s1 hav+ arriv$ at ! conclusion t ! tonalamatl & ! cal5d> h+$1 s to speak1 ^u ! sol> p]iods1 came v naturally to reg>d ! sun z ! c5tre or hub ( ! intricate sy/em :i* !y _h built up ?r\gh g5]ations4 ,! v "n ,teotl1 too1 %[s t1 9 lat] times at lea/1 ! sun 0 reg>d$ z a deity1 p]haps because he occupi$ ! vault ( ! sky 8:]e ! gods live40 ,b above & beyond ?is we h to reg>d ,mexican sun-wor%ip f an entirely diff]5t po9t ( view4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce t ! hunt+ tribes ( ! nor!rn /eppes1 ! ,*i*imec immigrants1 possess$ a primitive sun-wor%ip ( _! own4 ,x may be1 inde$1 t x 0 f ?is t ! wor%ip ( ,tonatiuh sprang1 & n f ! consid]ation ( cal5dric sci5ce2 b ! crit]ia we possess reg>d+ ?is "p ( ! "q is at pres5t mu* too scanty to p]mit ( m precise /atem5t4 ,b if we "k t sun-wor%ip obta9$ among ! nomadic tribes ( nor!rn ,mexico1 we are some:at ignorant ( ! precise =m x took4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 seems c]ta91 & t is t x 0 f\nd$ on ! belief t ! sun exi/$ on ! blood ( animals1 pref]ably de]1 & t :5 ^! 7 sc>ce1 on ! blood ( human be+s4 ,if blood-(f]+s to ! sun 7 to cease1 x 0 ?\ght t ! lum9>y w\ld gr[ weak1 fail1 & become ext+ui%$1 or else w\ld visit 8 wra? ^u humanity 9 "s su* mann] z we read ( 9 ^? my?s :i* rec\nt ! recurr5t cata/rophes ( fire1 w9d1 deluge1 & e>?quakes :i* ! wra?ful lum9>y br\ght ^u mank9d4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 date ! introduction ( ! sol> wor%ip prop] into ,mexico1 & consequ5tly t ( human sacrifice1 f ! p]iod ( entry ( ^? nor!rn ,*i*imec peoples1 :o1 ent]+ ! ,valley ( ,mexico at an epo* %ortly aft] ! dis9tegration ( ! ,toltec civilization1 adopt$ an agricultural exi/5ce1 & f9d+ ! supply ( wild animals insuffici5t to meet ! requirem5ts ( sacrifice1 in/itut$ ! occasional immolation ( human be+s4 ,?is cu/om seems1 inde$1 to h already obta9$ 9 ! case ( ! ritual ( "s ( ! native gods1 = example1 ,tlaloc & ! ,e>?-"m1 & x may be1 inde$1 t ! nor!rn nomads drew ! inspiration :i* prompt$ !m to ?is evil practice f _! m civiliz$ neighb\rs4 ,b x is ev5 m probable t1 z ! v>i\s ,mexican peoples 7 = ! mo/ "p ( cognate orig9 & contigu\s civilization1 ! practice ( human sacrifice _h be5 common to all ( !m 9 a m or less modifi$ =m = "s g5]ations1 & only receiv$ an impetus aft] ! ,*i*imec immigration4 ,aga9/ ?is view may be quot$ ! my? :i* ref]s ! introduction ( human sacrifice to a gr\p ( ,huaxtec e>?-goddesses1 ,tlazolteotl & h] si/]s4 ,b x seems to me t ?is ,maya p 7 by no means s prone to ! cu/om1 & t 9 ?is in/ance ,tlazolteotl has be5 conf\nd$ ) "s ( h] ,mexican =ms4 ,! process by :i* blood 0 ?\ght ( z be+ trans=m$ into ra9 has already be5 fully describ$1 & x b rema9s "h to indicate t ,tonatiuh is1 9 places1 closely id5tifi$ ) ! sign atl1 wat]1 & is inde$ "o ( ! f\r rul]s ( ! week beg9n+ ) ! day 8"o ra910 probably because ( ! e>ly belief t on "o occasion ! sun 8drank up0 all ! wat] on e>? & lat] disgorg$ x 9 floods4 ,= ! reason t he 0 reg>d$ z exi/+ on blood1 ! sun 0 ?\ght ( z ! great patron ( w>riors1 & has an intimate connection ) bo? ,uitzilopo*tli & ,tezcatlipoc4 ,b if we seek = evid5ce :i* w\ld seem to exalt him above ! great] gods 9 ,mexico1 & place him 9 a c5tral & pre-em95t position 9 ! pan!on1 we w be disappo9t$4 #caf ,at ! same "t we mu/ recollect t ! two deities j m5tion$1 & ev5 ,quetzalcoatl 9 a measure1 possess$ a sol> connection1 & 9 ! (f]+ ( ! he>ts ( all victims to 8 gl[+ face we may probably see a survival or a rem9isc5ce f a p]iod :5 he 0 p]haps ! c5tral figure 9 ! pan!on ( ! ,*i*imec nomads4 ,!re is also pl5ty ( evid5ce t ! sun mu/ be class$ ) ,xiuhtecutli & ! o!r gods ( fire1 z is %[n by ! great fire fe/ival :i* took place e fifty-two ye>s4 ,b ! lack ( data reg>d+ ! sun z a p]sonaliz$ deity r ?an a div9e lum9>y places u at a disadvantage 9 attempt+ to assess 8 precise nature & /atus 9 ! ,mexican pan!on1 & consid]able rese>* is requir$ be=e ?is c be essay$ ) any degree ( confid5ce4 ,,metztli 8,,! ,,moon10 ,,or ,,tecciztecatl 8,,he ,,f ,,! ,,sea-,,snail0 ,symbol3 ,bone-surr\nd$ disk set 9 ! night-sky1 conta9+ a rabbit4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! six? day-c\nt1 miquiztli4 ,rul] ( ! six? tonalamatl division1 ce miquiztli4 ,rul] ( ! fif? night-h\r4 ,compass ,direction3 ,s\?4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,9 ?is codex he is %[n z a female1 old1 ) ! gobb] too? or lip contraction indicative ( extreme age4 ,he is pa9t$ yell[1 ! col\r ( wom54 ,! :ite ( ! clo?+ expresses ! relatively dull hue ( ! lum9>y :5 comp>$ ) ! sun4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,"h he is old & :ite-hair$1 & is pictur$ z a prie/ ) ! m>9e snail's %ell on 8 br[4 ,! body-col\r is blue1 z is ! face1 on %eet #cj1 b on %eet #hh1 half-blue1 half-r$1 z 9 ! ,codex ,fejrvry-,may] picture ( ,mixcoatl4 ,on %eet #cj he is figur$ ) a long be>d & we>s ,xo*ipilli's ornam5ts4 ,aub9 ,tonalamatl4--,9 ?is place he is repres5t$ by ,tezcatlipoc4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,%eet #bd3 ,"h he is pictur$ z an old god ) a long be>d4 ,! body-col\r is blue1 & ! face half-blue1 half-r$1 l t ( ,xolotl 9 ! same ,,ms4 ,he we>s ! sea-snail %ell on 8 fillet4 ,,my?s ,! pr9cipal my?s relat+ to ! orig9 ( ! ,moon-god h already be5 giv5 9 ! *apt] on ,cosmogony4 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a /ates t3 8,!y believ$ t ! moon presid$ ov] human g5]ation1 & accord+ly !y always put x by ! side ( ! sun4 ,!y plac$ on its head a sea-snail1 to d5ote t 9 ! same way z ?is m>9e animal creeps f its integum5t or %ell1 s man comes f 8 "m's womb40 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis says3 8,meztli 0 o!rwise nam$ ,tectziztecatl2 because 9 ! same way t a snail creeps f its %ell1 s man proce$s f 8 "m's womb4 ,!y plac$ ! moon opposite to ! sun1 because its c\rse cont9ually crosses 82 & !y believ$ x to be ! cause ( human g5]ation40 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,tecciztecatl is 8! ,man 9 ! ,moon10 ! _s :o dwells 9 or animates ! lum9>y ( night4 ,he is frequ5tly depict$ z an old man or prie/1 ) /aff 9 h&1 & is ! wiz>d1 or naualli1 :o lurks )9 ! moon-cave1 or h\se1 = s ! moon seems to h appe>$ to ! ,mexicans4 ,x seems also to h be5 reg>d$ or symboliz$ z a snail-%ell1 & x is probable t ! curv$ %ape ( x 9 its e>lie/ phase1 no less ?an its gradual gr[?1 br\ght ab\t ?is conception4 ,?is 9 turn creat$ ! tra9 ( ?\ght :i* result$ 9 its be+ reg>d$ z ! symbol ( conception & bir?--its gr[? & gradual rotundity1 z well z its symbolic connection ) ! snail assi/+ ! idea4 ,z ! wiz>d ( night conceal$ )9 8 cav]n1 ,tecciztecatl 0 id5tifi$ ) ,tezcatlipoc1 ! sorc]] p> excell5ce1 ! magician :o held sway ov] ! dread$ h\rs ( d>kness4 ,! moon _h also a connection ) ,*al*ihuitlicue & ! octli-gods1 :i* is dealt ) 9 ! sections relat+ to ^? deities4 ,,mixcoatl1 ,,iztac ,,mixcoatl1 ,,or ,,camaxtli ,,z ,,mixcoatl 8,,cl\d ,,s]p5t0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,*i*imec c\ntry2 ,mexico-,t5o*titlan2 ,tlaxcallan4 ,m9or ,names3 ,iztac ,mixcoatl4 ,camaxtli4 ,relation%ip3 ,"o ( ! ,tzitzimim2 fa!r ( ,uitzilopo*tli2 husb& ( ,itzcuy4 ,fe/ival3 ,que*olli1 ! f\rte5? mon?4 ,compass ,direction3 ,nor?4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #be3 ,9 ?is manuscript ,mixcoatl's almo/ nude body is /rip$ ) :ite1 z 9 ! case ( "s ( ! /ell> deities1 & he has ! half-mask /ell> face-pa9t+ ab\t ! eye4 ,8 hair curls up above ! br[1 is cov]$ ) d[ny :ite fea!rs1 & he we>s a =k$ h]on-fea!r tuft on ! head4 ,on %eet #cg 8 effigy is accompani$ by ! symbolical weapons ( w>4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #ej2 "r-h& corn]1 l[] portion3 ,! repres5tation 9 ?is place is almo/ id5tical ) t 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 %eet #be4 ,on %eet #ae ! god has ! implem5ts ( w> & a small h&-flag1 & we>s a blue metal brea/-plate set 9 gold1 f :i* dep5ds a *al*ihuitl jewel4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,%eet #da3 ,mixcoatl is "h depict$ ) body-col\r half-blue1 half-r$1 ! black dom9o-/ell> pa9t+ ab\t ! eye1 8 hair puff$ up above ! br[ & surm\nt$ by ! w>rior's adornm5t4 ,! body-pa9t+ 9 ?is place is m]ely a v>iant ( ! /rip$ col\r1 p]haps indicat+ ! twilight4 ,z god ( ! hunt+ tribes1 he is nak$ l ! hunt]1 & has an e>-plug made f a de]'s foot4 ,he is arm$ ) a ?r[+-/ick 7atlatl74 ,,wall-,,pa9t+s ,on ! we/ side ( ! c\rt ( ,palace ,i at ,mitla are c]ta9 fragm5ts1 "s ( :i* und\bt$ly repres5t ,mixcoatl 9 8 diff]5t phases4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! he is repres5t$ z we>+ a :ite wig surm\nt$ by tufts ( d[n 9 :i* arr[s are /uck4 ,on 8 face he has ! famili> 8dom9o-pa9t+10 he is be>d$1 & 8 nose-plug is ( a peculi> "*1 some:at unfamili> & express+ a s]p5t9e motif4 ,he we>s a coll> ) %>p /ell> edges4 ,! fif? figure to ! "r f ?is once m repres5ts him 9 ! same guise1 only t 9 8 left h& he holds ! atlatl1 or spe>-?r[]4 ,8 peculi>ly /ell> "* has n be5 lo/ ^u ! arti/ :o execut$ ^! pa9t+s1 z ! /ell> eye-motif decorates ! top ( ! frieze on :i* !y appe>4 ,n f> away is se5 ! de] usually associat$ ) him4 ,,/atu>y ,,& ,,pa9t+s ,an int]e/+ /one figure ( ,mixcoatl 0 discov]$ 9 ! ru9s ( ! ,ca/illo de ,teayo1 to ! we/ ( ! pyramid4 ,x is made ( s&/one1 & ! frontal aspect %[s ! god we>+ a high pana*e ( fea!rs1 a headdress flank$ by tufts or puff+s ( "s textile mat]ial f :i* fea!rs dep5d1 & an elaborate necklace4 ,! skirt1 ! upp] "p ( :i* is ,v-%ap$1 hangs d[n to ! ankles1 & is ti$ up beh9d 9 a d\ble knot4 ,9 8 left h& he c>ries ! bag :i* holds obsidian arr[-heads1 8 inv>iable symbol1 & 9 ! "r ! ,s-=m$ lightn+ symbol1 ) :i* he is (t5 repres5t$1 z 9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano4 ,ano!r relief f ! same site %[s him c>ry+ ! same symbols4 ,8 hair is decorat$ ) fea!r-balls1 z 9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano & ,duran's illu/ration4 ,9 a pa9t+ f ,teopancaxo he we>s a peculi> headdress f :i* falls beh9d a l>ge pana*e ( fea!rs1 & :i* seems to be decorat$ ) d[n2 a horizontal b& crosses ! face b5ea? ! eye & cov]s ! :ole ( ! nose4 ,9 "o h& he c>ries ! lightn+ symbol1 f :i* spr+ s]p5t9e /reaks ( lightn+1 & 9 ! o!r a small %ield l a sunfl[] & ?ree arr[s ) blunt ends4 ,,z ,,iztac ,,mixcoatl 8,,:ite ,,cl\d ,,s]p5t0 ,m9or ,names3 ,ce eecatl 8,"o ,w9d40 ,relation%ip3 ,husb& ( ,ilancuy & prog5itor ( ! ,xelhua national ance/ors1 ,t5o*1 ,ulmecatl1 ,xicalancatl1 ,mixtecatl1 ,otomitl4 ,husb& ( a second wife1 ,*imamatl1 by :om he _h a son1 ,quetzalcoatl4 ,compass ,direction3 ,upp] region4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,%eet #cb3 ,he has ! head ( a de]4 ,he c>ries = a /aff ! neck ( a long-bill$1 :ite bird1 a h]on4 ,be=e him /&s a di% conta9+ an eye & a fea!r ornam5t1 reproduc+ 9 =m & col\r ! w>rior's =k$ h]on-fea!r adornm5t4 ,%eet #f3 ,he is pa9t$ a yell[ col\r1 ?9 & ) wr9kl$ sk91 8 face look+ out ( ! op5 ?roat ( a bird1 :i* has a fea!r cre/ curl+ up & a v>iegat$ rosette on its beak4 ,9 "o h& he holds a bone dagg]1 9 ! o!r a /aff ti$ r\nd ) a :ite-fr+$ clo?4 ,z hi]oglyph is %[n beside him ! day ce eecatl1 8"o w9d40 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #fj3 ,"h he is repres5t$ z hav+ h]on-fea!r hair & be>d1 & a r+-%ap$ app5dage bel[ ! upp] lip indicative ( age4 ,he is dress$ z a prie/1 ) tobacco-calaba% on back & r$ pat* on temple4 ,he holds 9 "o h& a /aff b5t l a h]on's neck1 & 9 ! o!r a bun* ( mal9alli grass4 ,%eet #bd3 ,! repres5tation "h is almo/ id5tical1 except t ! /aff has a h]on's head & t a bone pi]c] is worn beh9d ! e>4 ,9 bo? pictures he we>s a curi\s back device1 recall+ t on ! rattle-/aff ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,9 "s places he we>s a helmet-mask l ! head ( a de]4 ,,z ,,camaxtli ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,tlaxcallan & ,huexotz9co4 ,fe/ival3 ,ce tecpatl 7movable fea/74 ,relation%ip3 ,bro!r ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 & probably a local v>iant ( him4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,face-pa9t4--,he we>s ! dom9o face-pa9t1 l ,uitzilopo*tli & ,mixcoatl1 & a nose-plug4 ,! body is /rip$ ) r$ & :ite1 9 :i* circum/ance he agrees ) ,mixcoatl & ,tlauizcalpantecutli1 ! morn+ />4 ,he we>s a headdress seem+ly ( fea!rs1 & 9 ,duran 8 hair is long & he we>s a knitt$ lo9-clo?4 ,a dead rabbit1 or its sk91 is slung across 8 brea/4 ,9 ! ,humboldt ,,ms4 7,roy4 ,lib4 ( ,b]l97 8 headdress p]haps repres5ts ! symbol ( hi]oglyphic expression = ! phrase atl tla*9olli 7wat] & fire7 us$ 9 ! s5se ( 8w>40 ,weapons1 etc4--,he c>ries ! atlatl1 or spe>-?r[]1 & net-bag ( ! wild hunt+ tribes1 b[ & arr[s1 sometimes tipp$ ) d[n1 also a bag or p\*1 9 :i* he c>ries 8 arr[heads ( obsidian4 ,l ,mixcoatl he is sometimes clo!d 9 ! device ( ! two-head$ de]1 9 :i* he w5t to w>4 ,,my?s ,mixcoatl has already be5 allud$ to 9 ! prcis ( ! e>ly *apt]s ( ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas giv5 9 ! *apt] on ,cosmogony1 :]e ! circum/ances ( 8 bir? are t\*$ ^u4 ,9 *apt] x ( ! same "w he is id5tifi$ ) ,amimitl1 ano!r ,*i*imec deity1 seem+ly )\t reason4 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan speaks ( him z "o ( ! ?ree :o 8s\ght ! he>?-/one10 & z "o ( ! prie/s ( ! ,fire-god4 ,z ,iztac ,mixcoatl1 accord+ to ,motol9ia1 #cag he dwelt ) 8 wife1 ,ilancuy1 9 ,*icomoztoc1 ! 8,l& ( ! ,sev5 ,caves10 ! primeval l& ( ! tribes1 & f !m sprang ! =efa!rs ( ! natives4 ,by a second wife1 ,*imamatl1 he begot ! god ,quetzalcoatl4 ,9 ! ,tlaxcaltec leg5d reproduc$ 9 ! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas1 #cah m5tion is made ( a two-head$ de] :i* fell f heav5 & 0 hon\r$ z a god by ! p ( ,cuitlauac1 & x is told h[1 clo!d 9 its =m or disguise1 ,camaxtli or ,mixcoatl subdu$ ! surr\nd+ tribes4 ,iztac ,mixcoatl 01 inde$1 ! ,*i*imec ,adam1 ! fa!r ( ! tribe4 ,a hymn to ! gods ( ! hunt1 ( :om ,mixcoatl 0 ! *ief1 is z foll[s3 ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,cl\d-,,s]p5ts ,i ,out ( ! sev5 ,cav]ns he sprung 70 born74 ,,ii ,out ( ! l& ( ! prickly plant he sprung4 ,,iii ,i came d[n 70 born7 ,i came d[n ,) my spe> made ( ! prickly plant ,i came d[n ,i came d[n ,) my spe> ( ! prickly plant4 ,,iv ,i came d[n ,i came d[n ,) my net bag4 ,i seize him ,i seize him ,& ,i seize him1 & he is seiz$4 ,,fe/ival ,! great fe/ival ( ,mixcoatl 0 ! hunt-drive 9 ! mon? que*olli4 ,sahagun says ( ?is obs]vance #cai3 8,que*olli 0 ! "n ( ! f\rte5? mon?1 ,mixcoatl be+ hon\r$ ) fe/ivals4 ,arr[s & d>ts = use 9 w> 7 made1 & _m slaves 7 slaught]$ 9 hon\r ( ?is god4 ,dur+ ! five days sp5t 9 mak+ ! arr[s1 ev]yone slit _! e>s & rubb$ _! temples ) ! blood ?us drawn4 ,p5ance 0 suppos$ to be ?us p]=m$ be=e ! de]-hunt+ comm5c$4 ,^? :o did n slit !mselves 7 depriv$ ( _! cloaks z tribute4 ,dur+ ^! days no man cohabit$ ) 8 wife1 & ! ag$ ab/a9$ f ! use ( pulque1 z p5ance 0 be+ p]=m$4 ,! f\r days employ$ 9 ! mak+ ( arr[s & d>ts be+ end$1 small] arr[s 7 made & ti$ 9 bundles ( f\r to :i* 7 add$ f\r p9e tor*es4 ,^! 7 plac$ z (f]+s ^u ! graves ( ! dead1 besides two tamalli to ea* bundle4 ,^! rema9$ = a day ^u ! tombs & 7 !n burn$ dur+ ! night1 o!r c]emonies be+ held z well 9 hon\r ( ! dead4 8,on ! t5? day ( ?is mon? ! ,mexicans & ! ,tlatelulca resort$ toge!r to ! m\nta9 ( ,cacatepec1 :i* !y call$ _! "m4 ,on rea*+ x !y con/ruct$ ?at*$ huts1 light$ l>ge fires1 & sp5t ! day 9 absolute idl5ess4 ,next morn+ !y breakfa/$ & w5t out toge!r into ! c\ntry4 ,!re !y spread !mselves out 9 a circul> l9e1 9 :i* 7 enclos$ a l>ge numb] ( animals--de]1 rabbits1 & o!rs2 !y gradually approa*$ !m s z to enme% !m 9 a small space1 & ! hunt !n began1 ea* "o tak+ :at he c\ld4 8,aft] ! hunt1 captives & slaves 7 slaught]$ 9 ! temple call$ ,tlamatz9co4 ,!y 7 b\nd h& & foot & 7 c>ri$ up ! temple /airs 9 ! same fa%ion z a de] is c>ri$ by its f\r legs :5 tak5 to ! but*]4 ,!y 7 put to dea? ) great c]emony4 ,! man & ! woman :o repres5t$ ! image ( ,mixcoatl & 8 companion 7 sla9 9 ano!r temple1 :i* 0 call$ ,mixcoateopan4 ,sev]al o!r rites 7 p]=m$40 ,( ?is fe/ival ,aco/a gives a slightly diff]5t v]sion3 8,! fea/ !y made 0 pleasant & 9 ?is sort3 ,!y s\nd$ a trumpet at break ( day1 at ! s\nd :]e( !y all assembl$ ) _! b[s1 arr[s1 nets1 & o!r in/rum5ts = hunt+2 !n !y w5t 9 procession ) _! idol1 be+ foll[$ by a great numb] ( p to a high m\nta91 ^u ! top :]e( !y _h made a b[] ( leaves1 & 9 ! midde/ !re( an alt> ri*ly deck$1 :]eupon !y plac$ ! idol4 ,!y m>*$ ) a great bruit ( trumpets1 cornets1 flutes & drums1 & be+ come unto ! place !y environ$ ?is m\nta9 on all sides1 putt+ fire to x on all p>ts3 by means ( :i* _m bea/s flew =?1 z /ags1 conies1 ,h>es1 foxes & ,woolves1 :i* w5t to ! top fly+ f ! fire4 ,^! hunt]s foll[$ aft] ) great cries & noise ( div]s in/rum5ts1 hunt+ !m to ! top be=e ! idol1 :i!r flew su* a great numb] ( bea/s1 9 s great a press1 t !y leap$ "o ^u ano!r1 ^u ! p1 & ^u ! alt>1 :]e9 !y took great delight4 ,!n took !y a great numb] ( ^! bea/s1 & sacrific$ !m be=e ! idol1 z /ags & o!r great bea/s1 pull+ out _! he>ts z !y use 9 ! sacrifice ( m51 & ) ! l c]emony3 :i* done !y took all _! prey ^u _! %\ld]s1 & retir$ ) _! idol 9 ! same mann] z !y came1 & ent]$ ! city lad5 ) all ^! ?+s1 v joyfully ) great /ore ( music1 trumpets1 & drums until !y came to ! temple :]e !y plac$ _! idol ) great rev]5ce & solemnity4 ,!y pres5tly w5t to prep>e _! v5ison :]e) !y made a banquet to all ! p2 & aft] d9n] !y made _! plays1 repres5tations & dances be=e ! idol40 ,,temples ,mixcoatl's temples 9 ,mexico 7 ! ,mixcoapan tzompantli & ! ,mixcoateopan4 ,9 ! fir/ 7 pres]v$ ! heads ( ! victims sacrific$ to ! god4 ,! c]emony ( que*olli 0 comm5c$ 9 ! latt]4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,mixcoatl 0 prim>ily ! great god ( ! ,*i*imecs & ! ,otomies1 a god ( ! wild hunt+ tribes ( ! pla9s to ! nor?4 ,numb]s ( ^! _h settl$ 9 ,mexico ,city & else:]e )9 ,anahuac1 to :i* !y _h c>ri$ 8 wor%ip ) !m4 ,! tribal leg5ds connect$ ) him seem to imply t he 0 reg>d$ 9 "o ( 8 phases1 t ( ,iztac ,mixcoatl1 z ! ,*i*imec ,adam or ,abraham1 & he is ev5 allud$ to z ! 8fa!r0 ( ,quetzalcoatl & 8bro!r0 ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,! probabilities are t he 0 ! god ( a section ( ! ,nahua :o ent]$ ,mexico prop] be=e ! adv5t ( ! wor%ipp]s ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 & z he _h simil> *>act]i/ics to ! latt] deity1 he became connect$ ) him 9 ! popul> imag9ation4 ,mixcoatl seems to me "o ( t l>ge class ( conceptions :i* recur s frequ5tly 9 all my?ologies--! ra9- & lightn+-be>+ cl\d1 :i* 9 ! m9d ( ! savage takes ! =m ( a great mon/]1 a dragon or s]p5t1 vomit+ fire & dis*>g+ wat]4 ,! "n ,mixcoatl means 8,cl\d-s]p5t0 & s]ves to sub/antiate ?is conception ( him4 ,b 9 ! eyes ( a hunt+ p he came1 l o!r deities ( ! k9d1 to be reg>d$ z ! great hunt] :o ca/s ! ?und]bolt1 ! lightn+-arr[1 & !re=e z ! god-l prototype ( ! savage sportsman4 ,mixcoatl's possession ( ! obsidian arr[-head1 :i* became p]sonifi$ 9 ,itzpapalotl1 gives fur!r weight to ?is idea4 ,because he p>took ( ! attributes ( a sky-god1 ,mixcoatl almo/ inevitably became id5tifi$ ) ! /ell> deities dwell+ 9 ! heav5s above4 ,he is1 inde$1 ,*ief ( ! ,c5tzon ,mimixcoa1 :i* has be5 translat$ 8,! ,f\r ,hundr$ ,nor!rn]s10 ! ho/ ( />s to ! nor? ( ! ,equator1 9 contradi/9ction to ! ,c5tzon ,uitznaua1 or 8,f\r ,hundr$ ,s\!rn]s10 :o 7 scatt]$ by ,uitzilopo*tli imm$iately aft] 8 bir?4 ,b "h a "q ( "s difficulty arises4 ,uitznaua may correctly be translat$ 8s\!rn]s10 :]eas ,mimixcoa c sc>cely be r5d]$ o!rwise ?an z ! plural ( 8cl\d-s]p5t40 ,! insignia ( ^! latt] deities1 h[ev]1 are c]ta9ly /ell>4 ,!y we> ! /ell> face-mask & are 9 e way to be connect$ ) ! />s4 ,x is cle>1 too1 t ,mixcoatl 9 "o ( 8 manife/ations mu/ be connect$ ) ! morn+ />4 ,b ,i take ?is connection1 z 9 ! case ( ,quetzalcoatl1 to h aris5 at a p]iod comp>atively late4 ,aga91 we frequ5tly f9d 9 ,mexican my? t ! />s are reg>d$ z s]p5t9e 9 "*1 & inde$1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,tzitzimim1 p>take ( insect *>act]i/ics4 8,mixcoatl0 is ! expression 9 use at ! pres5t "t among ! natives ( ,mexico = ! tropical :irlw9d #cbj--obvi\sly a mu* lat] conception ( 8 nature1 & "o m intimately connect$ ) t ( ,tezcatlipoc1 z ,i h attempt$ to %[ 9 ! passages relat+ to t god1 & to ,quetzalcoatl4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a /rong resemblance betwe5 ,mixcoatl & ,tezcatlipoc1 bo? ( :om are connect$ ) obsidian1 & c>ry ! hunt]'s bag ( obsidian d>ts4 ,mixcoatl's fe/ival is obvi\sly "o ( consid]able antiquity4 ,z practis$ 9 ,mexico-,t5o*titlan x 0 obvi\sly a rem9isc5ce ( ! great communal hunt4 ,its sacrifice ( wom5 9 ! place ( de]1 ! victims be+ 8c>ri$ up ! temple /airs 9 ! same fa%ion z a de] is c>ri$ by its f\r legs :5 tak5 to ! but*]10 is obvi\sly a sub/itution 9 m civiliz$ times ( human = de] sacrifice1 ei!r because ! animals ( ! hunt 7 n s easily obta9$ or = ! reason t ! idea ( human sacrifice _h s ?or\ghly int]p5etrat$ ,mexican religi\s usage z to r5d] ! old] =m unacceptable1 m]ely reta9+ its broad] *>act]i/ics4 ,x has also a /rong resemblance to ^? m$ic9e-hunts until rec5tly practis$ by ! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & 9 ! ,zui my/]ies ( to-day1 a procur+ ( magical virtue = ! arr[s :i* 7 made dur+ ! fir/ five days ( ! fe/ival1 & small] models ( :i* 7 (f]$ up on ! graves ( ! dead4 ,mixcoatl's wife ,itzcuy is a de] &1 z we h se51 ! de] 0 ! disguise ( 8 surrogate1 ,camaxtli4 ,! de] is ! animal connect$ 9 ! b>b>ian m9d ) ! que/ = wat] or food4 ,:]e ! de] migrat$ 9 se>* = ^! ! savage mu/ foll[4 ,! animals :i* compose ! /aple food-supply ( savages are frequ5tly reg>d$ z _! gods4 ,9 ,am]ica1 on ! introduction ( lat] an?ropomorphic deities1 ! animal =ms are frequ5tly conceiv$ ( z ! mates ( ^!--p]haps "o explanation ( ! belief 9 desc5t f animal =ms4 ,because ( 8 connection ) ! lightn+ ,mixcoatl 0 also god ( ! fire-twirl]1 ! app>atus ) :i* fire 0 made1 & he appe>s 9 ?is "* dur+ ! fire fe/ival4 ,,tlauizcalpantecutli 8,,"l ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,! ,,dawn0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico2 ,toltec 7874 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,) ! ,fire-god1 "l ( ! n9? week1 ce coatl4 ,twelf? ( ! ?irte5 lords ( ! day-h\rs4 ,compass ,direction3 ,we/4 ,relation%ip3 ,v>iant ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,g5]al4--,9 ! ,codex ,borgia 7%eet #be7 he is pa9t$ z hav+ a :ite-&-r$-/rip$ body1 & ! black face ) :ite-spott$ qu9cunx peculi> to him 9 8 special =m z ev5+ />4 ,! hair is yell[1 ! locks ris+ 9 curls above ! br[1 & b\nd by a r$ fillet4 ,we c probably recognize him 9 ! figure se5 9 %eet #ai ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 :i* be>s a /rong resemblance to t f\nd on %eet #eg ( ! same ,,ms41 confront+ ! ,fire-god2 b 9 ! fir/ in/ance he is n %[n ) ! black 8half-mask0 pa9t+ ab\t ! eye4 ,he has1 h[ev]1 ! same w>like implem5ts--%ield1 spe>s1 & atlatl--z 9 ,codex ,borgia1 z well z a p\* = obsidian arr[-heads & a small sacrificial flag4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 almo/ univ]sally repres5t$ ) a :ite or :ite-&-r$-/rip$ body & face-pa9t+1 & ! deep black 8half-mask0 edg$ ) small :ite circles :i* is usually %[n 9 ! pictures ( ,mixcoatl1 ,paynal1 & ,atlaua1 & :i* is describ$ z 8! /ell> face-pa9t+ call$ d>kness40 ,he frequ5tly we>s long1 tap]+ oval ornam5ts atta*$ to r$ lea!r ?ongs 9 place ( ! *al*ihuitl jewels :i* s (t5 dep5d f ! dress ( ! o!r gods1 & ! b& :i* supports ^! has f\r div]g+ ends t]m9at+ 9 a bun* ( fea!rs1 z ) ,tonatiuh1 ,ueuecoyotl1 & ,xo*ipilli4 ,! cr[n is g5]ally compos$ ( black fea!rs hav+ :ite spots1 alt]nat+ ) long] yell[ or r$ plumes4 ,on ! brea/ is se5 an ornam5t l t ( ,tezcatlipoc4 ,9 ,codex ,borbonicus & ,borgia he is accompani$ by ! insignia ( ^? w>riors :o di$ by sacrifice1 ! blue cr[n ) ! ?ree-corn]$ frontal plate1 ! axe-%ap$ blue e>-plug1 ! blue nose-plug1 ! :ite pap] %\ld]-tie1 & ! small blue dog :i* accompani$ ! dead man on 8 way to ! region ( ,mictlan4 ,on ! five %eets ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,b :i* indicate ! p]iods ( ! planet ,v5us we obs]ve ,tlauizcalpantecutli depict$ five times1 & h ?us a mo/ fav\rable opportunity = /udy+ 8 v>i\s attributes4 ,all ( ^! pictures repres5t him 9 ! =m ( ! ev5+ />1 ) ! qu9cunx ( :ite spots on ! d>k backgr\nd ( 8 face4 ,he is depict$ z half-black1 half-:ite1 ! body1 upp] arms1 & knees be+ black1 b ! =e>ms1 ?ighs1 & l[] "p ( ! legs :ite & /rip$ ) yell[ longitud9al l9es1 l ! /rip+ on ,uitzilopo*tli's body4 ,"u ! eye is a motif :i* recalls ! blue snake-b& r\nd ! m\? ( ,tlaloc1 b x is yell[ 9 col\r1 & =ms a k9d ( coil 9 ! middle ( ! face ov] ! nose4 ,a tassel or o!r ornam5t falls f x1 ! :ole recall+ c]ta9 ,maya types4 ,! hair is flame-col\r$1 curls upw>d1 & is b\nd ) ! usual fillet /udd$ ) :ite slic+s f mussel-%ells1 & ! black1 :ite-tipp$ fea!rs1 previ\sly allud$ to1 & int]m+l$ ) eagle-plumes1 cr[n ! head4 ,! brea/ is cov]$ ) ! :ite eye-r+1 also describ$ above1 & :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ,tezcatlipoc4 ,accompany+ ! picture is ! emblem ( ! /ell> eye1 :i* 9 ?is place is almo/ c]ta9ly int5d$ to depict ! planet ,v5us4 ,! god holds 9 "o h& ! atlatl1 or spe>-?r[]1 & 9 ! o!r a bundle ( d>ts1 to symbolize 8 nature z a %oot+ god4 ,9 ^? pictures 9 ,codex ,borgia :]e ! god is repres5t$ z ca/+ 8 spe> at v>i\s my?ological figures1 8 insignia is 9 agreem5t ) t portray$ 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4 ,b ( ! five figures 9 :i* he is %[n z ! spe>-?r[]1 9 "o only is he depict$ ) :ite1 r$-/rip$ limbs1 ! rema9+ figures be+ col\r$ gre51 yell[1 br[n1 & blue4 ,nor has ! face ! *>act]i/ic pa9t+ kn[n z 8/ell>0 & frequ5tly describ$ on ^? pages1 b is skull-%ap$1 & repres5t$ z swall[+ blood & a human he>t4 ,he holds1 h[ev]1 ! usual spe>-?r[]1 %ield1 h&-flag1 & ! hunt]'s net-bag4 ,! ,codex ,borgia pictures %[1 too1 ! incid5ce ( ! god's o!r attributes1 ! oval1 egg-%ap$ ornam5ts & ! :ite-tipp$ black fea!rs1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are "h consid]ably %ort]1 & spread ov] ! cr[n ( ! head only4 ,"h also ! fir/ ( ! five figures is r$-/rip$1 ! o!rs be+ blue1 r$1 & yell[1 & r$-/rip$4 ,l ! figures 9 ,codex ,bologna1 ! fir/ has ! head ( a skull pa9t$ ) ! face-pa9t ( ,tlauizcalpantecutli1 ) ! qu9cunx ( five disks on a d>k gr\nd4 ,! o!r f\r figures we> masks1 t "p ( _! faces :i* is visible be+ col\r$ l ! body & hav+ ! qu9cunx ( five :ite disks4 ,! second figure we>s an owl naual1 or mask1 ! ?ird t ( a dog1 ! f\r? a rabbit-mask1 & ! fif?1 l ! fir/1 a dead man's skull1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is portray$ 9 its natural col\r & has no face-pa9t4 ,! owl-mask ( ! second figure & ! skull-mask ( ! fif? %[ t !y repres5t ! sequ5ce ( five p]iods ( ! planet ,v5us1 five "t-c\nts bas$ on its p]iod ( visibility1 & t1 moreov]1 ^! figures are to be ref]r$ respectively to ! compass directions1 ea/1 nor?1 we/1 s\?1 bel[4 ,! ,codex ,fejrvry figure diff]s f ! o!r repres5tations1 ! face be+ pa9t$ :ite ) yell[ /ripes1 l ! re/ ( ! body & limbs4 ,b t ?is figure is 9 reality id5tical ) ^? ( ! o!r manuscripts is prov$ by ! qu9cunx ( :ite spots dispos$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,b figure1 by ! ?ree curly locks on ! br[1 & by ! />-l eye worn by ! god on 8 brea/4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia are %[n a sacrificial cord & two small pap] flags4 ,9 ,codex ,fejrvry we see a %ield ) fea!r app5dage1 & "o pap] flag1 :i* is evid5tly int5d$ to appe> 9 ! ritual ( ! dea? by sacrifice4 ,tlauizcalpantecutli 0 = ! ,mexicans an indication ( ! w>rior's dea?1 t is1 sacrificial dea?4 ,9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis ! hair is pla/]$ ) :ite d[ny fea!rs1 & r\nd ! neck is slung ! aztemacatl1 ! h]on-fea!r cord1 ! :ole indicat+ ! insignia ( ! victim ab\t to be sacrific$ aft] c]emonial combat4 ,he we>s a skull z helmet-mask 9 ?is ,,ms4 ,9 ! ,aub9-,g\pil tonalamatl ,tlauizcalpantecutli we>s a rod-%ap$ nose-plug & ! blue brea/-plate ( ! ,fire-god4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,?is god1 z ,sel] indicates1 #cba is a v>iant ( ! planet ,v5us1 ! morn+ />1 :o 0 reg>d$ z ! %oot+ god & :o 0 p]haps id5tical ) ,mixcoatl4 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan says t3 8,:5 he appe>s he /rikes v>i\s classes ( p ) 8 rays1 %oots !m1 %$s 8 light on !m10 & ^! sev]al types ( p ?us %ot are cle>ly to be se5 9 ,codex ,borgia1 & 9 ! correspond+ places ( ! o!r manuscripts1 :]e _! sequ5ce is1 h[ev]1 v>i$4 ,t !y /& 9 relation to ! qu>t]s ( ! heav5s !re c be no d\bt1 b ^! qu>t]s v>y ) ! sev]al codices4 ,?us 9 ,codex ,borgia we f9d ! jagu> occupy+ ! nor?1 :ile 9 ,vaticanus ,b & ,bologna we f9d x occupy+ ! fif? or d[nw>d direction1 & 9 ?is v>y+ arrangem5t we probably see diff]5ces ( local conception4 ,! deities or figures at :i* ! god hurl$ 8 spe> are ! jagu>1 or ,tezcatlipoc1 ,*al*ihuitlicue1 ! black ,tezcatlipoc 7probably z ,tepeyollotl71 ,c9teotl1 ! ,tlat\ani1 or ,k+1 & ! ,yayotl1 or ! symbol ( w>2 b ^! d n agree ) ! 8classes ( p0 %ot by ! god z giv5 by ! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan1 :i* /ates 8t 9 ! sign cipactli he %oots old m5 & wom51 9 ! sign coatl he %oots ! ra91 = x w n ra91 9 ! sign atl1 ! univ]sal dr\ght1 9 ! sign acatl1 k+s & rul]s1 & 9 ! sign ol91 y\?s & maid5s40 ,?is seems to me to indicate n s mu* t ! god 0 id5tical ) ,mixcoatl1 z ,sel] /ates1 al?\gh he may h _h connections ) ?is deity1 b t he typifies 9 "s mann] ! evil influ5ces ( ! rays ( ! planet ,v5us at c]ta9 times ( ! ye>4 ,we "k t ! ,mexicans1 l _m o!r peoples1 believ$ t ! />s emanat$ influ5ces good & bad1 & z ,sel] himself /ates 9 8 essay on 8,! ,v5us ,p]iod 9 ,picture-,writ+10 #cbb 8x is possible t we h on ^! pages simply an a/rological speculation aris+ f sup]/iti\s fe> ( ! influ5ce ( ! light ( ?is p[]ful planet4 ,by natural association ( ideas ! rays ( light emitt$ by ! sun or o!r lum9\s bodies are imag9$ to be d>ts or arr[s :i* are %ot 9 all directions by ! lum9\s body4 ,! m ! rays are p]ceiv$ to be productive ( discom=t or injury1 s mu* ! m fitt+ly does ?is apply4 ,9 ?is way ! ab/ract n\n miotl or meyotli ) ! mean+ #8ray ( light' is d]iv$ f ! ,mexican ^w mitl1 #8arr[' 444 ?us miotli is ! arr[ :i* belongs by nature to a body s5d+ =? arr[s1 a lum9\s body4444 ,:5 ! planet appe>$ anew 9 ! heav5s1 smoke-v5ts & *imneys 7 /opp$ up le/ ! light %\ld p5etrate into ! h\se4444 ,x is h>dly possible to see any?+ else 9 ^! figures /ruck by ! spe> ?an augural speculations reg>d+ ! influ5ce ( ! light f ! planet sugge/$ by ! initial signs ( ! p]iod40 ,sel] also po9ts out t we possess ! analogy ( ! p]iods 9 :i* ! ,ciuatete1 or 8spectre wom510 s5d d[n simil> baleful influ5ces f above4 ,,coyolxauhqui 8,,pa9t$ ,,) ,,bells0 ,relation%ip3 ,daught] ( ,coatlicue1 si/] ( ,uitzilopo*tli & ! ,c5tzonuitznaua4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,/one-head f ,great ,temple ( ,mexico4--,?is repres5ts h] z hav+ on bo? *eeks ! sign = 8gold0 & 8bells10 h5ce ! face ( ?is head is really pa9t$ 7xauhqui7 ) bells 7coyolli74 ,z a nose-ornam5t %e has a peculi> p5dant1 consi/+ ( a trapezoidal figure & a ray1 ! motif ( :i* is p>tially repeat$ 9 h] e>r+s4 ,h] headdress is a small1 close-fitt+ cap1 ! front ( :i* is embroid]$ 9 a d[ny fea!r-ball patt]n4 ,,my?s ,! my? :i* describes h] enmity to h] "m1 ,coatlicue1 & h] slaught] by h] bro!r ,uitzilopo*tli1 has already be5 rec\nt$ 9 ! section deal+ ) ! latt] god4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,coyolxauhqui's insignia1 z se5 9 ! /one head ( h] f ! great ,temple ( ,mexico1 is unque/ionably t ( a lun> goddess4 ,moreov]1 ! t]ms ( ! my? ref]r$ to above make x pla9 t %e repres5t$ ! moon1 :o is 8sla90 by ! fir/ bl[ ( ! xiuhcoatl1 or fire-snake 7! dawn74 ,! fact t %e 0 ! only si/] ( ! f\r hundr$ />s1 ,c5tzonuitznaua1 probably implies h] lun> significance4 ,,tzitzimim 8,,mon/]s ,,desc5d+ ,,f ,,above0 ,m9or ,"n3 ,petlacotzitzquique 8,uphold]s ( ! ,cane ,c>pet40 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,c]ta9 wall-pa9t+s at ,mitla af=d a good repres5tation ( ! ,tzitzimim1 :o are repres5t$ z pull+ ! sun out ( 8 cave by a rope4 ,9 ?is case _! "* z /ell> deities or demons is well exemplifi$4 ,! face (t5 resembles t ( a dea?'s-head & ! hair is puff$ up 9 wig fa%ion4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia ! ,tzitzimim are repres5t$ z female figures ) dea?'s-heads & jagu>-claws4 ,! insects pictur$ 9 ! ,codex ,borbonicus are unque/ionably repres5tations ( ! ,tzitzimim gods 9 _! demon =ms4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a equates !m ) ! gods ( ,mictlampa1 or ,hades1 b 8 contempor>y :o edit$ ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis says ( !m3 8,! prop] signification ( ?is "n is ! fall ( ! demons1 :o1 !y say1 7 />s2 & ev5 /ill !re are />s 9 heav5 call$ aft] _! names1 :i* are ! foll[+3 ,yzcatecaztli1 ,tlahvezcal pantecuvtli1 ,ceyacatl1 ,a*itumetl1 ,xacupancalqui1 ,mixauhmatl1 ,tezcatlipoc1 & ,contemoctli4 ,^! 7 _! appellations z gods be=e !y fell f heav51 b !y are n[ nam$ ,tzitzimitli1 :i* means some?+ mon/r\s or dang]\s40 ,tezozomoc m5tions !m 9 8 ,cronica ,mexicana 9 connection ) ! build+ ( ! great temple at ,mexico4 ,he /ates t _! images 7 at "o p]iod /ill necess>y = ! completion ( ! build+1 & alludes to !m z 8angels ( ! air1 hold+ up ! sky10 & 8! gods ( ! air :o draw d[n ! ra9s1 wat]s1 cl\ds1 ?und]s & lightn+s1 & :o are plac$ r\nd ,uitzilopo*tli40 ,he fur!r says t ^! 8gods ( ! signs & planets0 7 br\ght to ! sacr$ edifice & plac$ r\nd ! idol ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,! ,tzitzimim are obvi\sly /ell> deities4 ,a my? seems to h exi/$ t !y _h be5 ca/ out ( heav51 & may p]haps be equat$ ) t relat+ to ,xo*iquetzal4 ,i ?9k1 too1 t x _h a connection ) ! my? :i* told h[ ,uitzilopo*tli r\t$ ! ,c5tzonuitznaua1 8 bro!rs1 :o 7 also /ell> deities or demons ( d>kness4 ,t ! ,tzitzimim 7 s reg>d$ 0 probably because !y 7 se5 dur+ ! night1 or p]haps dur+ eclipses4 ,! li/ ( !m includes _m ( ! great gods1 especially ^? :o _h an uncanny significance1 z ,tepeyollotl1 ,mictlantecutli1 ,tlazolteotl1 ,tezcatlipoc1 & ,itzpapalotl4 ,! ,tzitzimim are equat$ by ,sel] ) ! ,sky ,support]s4 #cbc ,,*apt] ,x ,,gods ,,( ,,dea?1 ,,e>?1 ,,& ,,! ,,und]world ,,mictlantecutli 8,,"l ,,( ,,mictlampa0 7,,region ,,( ,,! ,,dead7 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexican ,plateau4 ,cal5d> ,places3 ,"l ( ! t5? day-c\nt1 ce tecpatl1 & ( ! t5? week4 ,elev5? ( ! ?irte5 lords ( ! day & fif? ( ! n9e lords ( ! night4 ,symbol3 ,skull1 or bun* ( mal9alli grass4 ,compass ,direction3 ,nor?4 ,relation%ip3 ,husb& ( ,mictecaciuatl2 "o ( ! ,tzitzimim4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #ad3 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ repres5tations ( ! ,dea?-god :i* has come d[n to u4 ,"h he is depict$ z a skeleton ) a skeleton's ?orax & a skull = head1 ! arms & legs pa9t$ :ite ) yell[ spots pick$ ) r$1 to symbolize ! bones ( a newly flay$ p]son4 ,he has a l>ge rosette at ! occiput & a flag1 bo? pa9t$ 9 alt]nate :ite & r$ cross-b&s1 & ?is motif is c>ri$ out 9 ! ends ( ! lo9-clo?1 & 9 ! extremities ( o!r b&s & /ripes4 ,he pres5ts a burnt-(f]+4 ,! symbolic crossways & ! owl are figur$ be=e him1 ! dea?-bird be+ surr\nd$ ) pap] flags1 ! decoration ( corpses prep>$ = cremation4 ,%eet #ae3 ,on ?is %eet he we>s ! dea?-symbols4 ,at ! nape ( ! neck he has a pap] rosette1 decorat$ ) r$ & :ite cross-b&s1 ! pap] flag pa9t$ 9 ! same way1 brok5 9 ! middle & b5t1 & an e>-plug consi/+ ( a human h&4 ,8 symbol 9 ?is place is a bun* ( mal9alli grass4 ,%eet #gi3 ,9 ?is repres5tation ( ! ,dea?-god we f9d ! inv>iable skeleton head1 b ! body is pa9t$1 l t ( ! prie/s1 9 black4 ,! nape-ornam5t is ( pap]1 & ! e>-plug is a human h&4 ,! scree* owl's w+ also appe>s4 ,opposite him is a corpse wrapp$ up 9 a clo? & cord$ ) /r+s1 a pap] flag1 us$ 9 ! decoration ( corpses prep>$ = cremation1 & a cross1 app>5tly made ( knott$ %eets ( clo? or pap]4 ,8 hair or wig is black & curly1 "s ( ! curls end+ 9 eye-l circles ) r$ c5tres4 ,9 ?is picture he sits opposite ,tonatiuh1 ! ,sun-god1 & ?us1 p]haps1 repres5ts night 9 its black aspect1 ! eyes 9 8 wig1 z else:]e1 symboliz+ ! />s4 ,%eet #eg3 ,"h he is plac$ opposite ! ,dea?-goddess & we>s ! usual insignia4 ,! gr\nd on :i* _! seats are plac$ is n simply yell[1 z 9 ! o!r sections1 b consi/s ( alt]nate fields ( mal9alli grass & fragm5ts ( skulls 9 ! /yle ( ! hi]oglyph ( arable l&4 ,bo? pres5t ea* o!r ) a nak$ human figure1 symbolic ( human sacrifice4 ,betwe5 !m /&s a receptacle pa9t$ black & /udd$ ) eyes1 ) r$ b&s 9 ! middle & yell[ bord]4 ,on ! left ( ?is /&s a di% fill$ ) blood & smok+ he>ts1 on :i* ! goddess is p\r+ fire f a vessel4 ,on ! "r projects ! body & tail ( a dragon1 :i* is seiz$ by ! god4 ,9 ! c5tre is se5 a skull swall[+ a man :o is fall+ head=emo/ into its ?roat1 & above all is pictur$ ! moon1 )\t1 h[ev]1 ! usual rabbit appe>+ 9 its circumf]5ce4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,%eet #cg3 ,"h ,mictlantecutli is plac$ opposite ! ,dea?-goddess4 ,he has ! usual insignia1 b we>s black g>m5ts1 decorat$ ) eyes & crossbones4 ,8 seat is made ( ribs & a piece ( skull1 & he holds a dragon 9 bo? h&s4 ,betwe5 him & 8 mate a man s9ks into ! yawn+ jaws ( ! e>?1 & above x is a di% ) a /one sacrificial knife4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #ba3 ,he has ! usual skeleton head1 b 9 ! arms & legs ! bony /ructure is m]ely indicat$ by a yell[ col\r & a black design4 ,he is clo!d ) a jacket ( gre5 mal9alli blades & we>s 9 8 e> a /rip ( unspun cotton4 ,he has z back-device a pot1 9 :i* ?ree flags are /uck4 ,%eet #cd3 ,9 ?is %eet he is repres5t$ mu* z 9 ,codex ,borgia1 %eet #ae4 ,%eet #eh3 ,"h he is pictur$ z a black god1 ) a skull = head & seat$ on a *air made ( blood1 bones1 & mal9alli grass4 ,he has ! nape-%ield & ! flag incl9+ =w>d1 & a nose l a sacrificial /one knife4 ,codex ,magliabec*iano4--,mictlantecutli is repres5t$ m ?an once 9 ?is codex1 importantly on pages #gc & #gi4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance he is depict$ ) blue-grey body & enorm\s claws on h&s & feet1 ! head pla/]$ ) ! yell[ pat*es & blood/a9s he frequ5tly %[s4 ,! head is t ( a skull1 ) protrud+ yell[ nasal-bone1 b ! gr\nd-col\r is blue1 n bone-col\r4 ,he we>s ! 8night-hair0 occasionally associat$ ) him1 & 8 coiffure is decorat$ ) small1 black1 fe/al bann]ets1 int]sp]s$ ) :at appe> to be /ell> eye-motifs4 ,8 maxtli appe>s to consi/ ( a rope or twi/$ piece ( cotton1 & he we>s wri/lets & anklets ( bright r$ cotton4 ,! necklace is rem9isc5t ( t worn by sev]al ( ! ,maya deities4 ,he sits 9 ! portal ( a temple1 & be=e him squat a numb] ( m5 & wom51 regal+ !mselves on human fle% f sev]al e>!n vessels conta9+ a head1 a leg1 & an arm4 ,! second picture exhibits ! p5ance done be=e him4 ,9 ?is place he is pa9t$ br[n1 ) ! same enorm\s talons1 ! dea?'s-head face1 8night-hair0 & bann]ets 7yell[71 )\t1 h[ev]1 ! accompanim5t ( ! /ell> eye-ornam5ts4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 appe> to be reproduc$ ^u ! wri/s1 knees1 & "o ankle1 &1 p]haps1 make ?is phase ( ! god a p>allel to ! ,greek ,argus1 ! 8eye-spott$0 night4 ,on ! brea/ dep5ds an ornam5t :i* is n suffici5tly cle> to ju/ify its description4 ,on page #hb ! god is depict$ z we>+ a g>m5t cov]$ ) crosses1 & on page #hh z /&+ on ! skull-alt> 7see ,tezcatlipoc74 ,8 wavy hair is surr\nd$ by a r$ & yell[ cotton fillet1 & he is be+ ano9t$ by a prie/ f a vessel ( blood1 :il/ o!r prie/s /& be=e him ) pots full ( blood & human he>ts4 ,he we>s a curi\s blue necklace almo/ ( ! 8masonry0 type se5 9 ,egyptian1 ,greek1 & ,asiatic deific ornam5ts1 & a cotton g>m5t ) r$ b[s4 ,a cotton web dep5ds f 8 blue e>-plug4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says ( ,mictlantecutli3 8,he desc5ds = s\ls z a spid] l[]s itself ) its head d[nw>ds f ! web40 ,lat] on he /ates t 8he is ! great "l ( ! dead bel[ 9 hell1 :o alone aft] ,tonacatecutli 0 pa9t$ ) a cr[n4444 ,!y pa9t$ ?is demon ne> ! sun1 = 9 ! same way z !y believ$ t ! "o conduct$ s\ls to heav51 s !y suppos$ t ! o!r c>ri$ !m to hell4 ,he is "h repres5t$ t is 9 ! codex ) 8 h&s op5 & /ret*$ t[>ds ! sun to seize on any s\l t might escape f him40 ,lat] he /ates t ,ixcu9a1 8! goddess ( salt1 dirt1 & immode/y10 0 ! wife ( ,mictlantecutli4 ,! comm5tator ( ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis seems to reg>d ,mictlantecutli z rescu+ s\ls f ! realm ( ! dead4 ,he says3 8,!y place him opposite to ! sun to see if he c rescue any ( ^? seiz$ ^u by ! "l ( ! dead40 ,! two int]pretative codices 7 almo/ c]ta9ly edit$1 if n copi$ "o f ! o!r1 by ! same h&1 & x is su* passages z ?is :i* %[ ! great dubiety exi/+ 9 ! m9ds ( ! prie/ly comm5tators reg>d+ ! precise nature ( ! ,mexican deities4 ,sahagun 9 ! ,app5dix to 8 ?ird book1 ! fir/ *apt] ( :i* treats ( burial1 gives a pray] or address to ! dead :i* m5tions ,mictlantecutli1 & :i* /ates t he & 8 wife ,mictecaciuatl await ! deceas$1 :o goes to dwell among ! %ad[s1 8:]e !re is no light or w9d[40 ,x is fur!r expla9$ t :5 he arriv$ 9 ! realm ( ! god ( ! dead 7:i* has already be5 describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,cosmogony71 he makes him an (f]+ ( ! pap]s :i* he c>ries1 ( faggots or tor*es ( p9ewood1 & ( p]fum$ re$s1 cotton1 mantles1 & co/ly app>el4 ,botur9i & ,brasseur give a great deal ( matt] reg>d+ ?is god :i* is absolutely wor?less1 z does ,leon y ,gama1 & ! deity has be5 9 "s mann] conf\nd$ ) a god ,teoyaomiqui1 :o seems to be q supposititi\s 9 "* & nev] to h _h no o!r exi/5ce 9 ! m9ds ( ,gama & 8 copyi/s4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,mictlantecutli1 x w\ld seem1 is nei!r m nor less ?an a god ( ! dead1 t is1 8 orig9al conception 0 probably t ( a pr9ce ( ,hades1 a rul] ( ! realm ( ! dep>t$1 :o 9 "t came to possess ! t]rific aspect & ! punitive attributes ( a deity ^: (fice x 0 to torm5t ! s\ls ( ! err+4 ,! fact t he presides ov] ! elev5? h\r--! h\r ( sunset--%[s t he 0 9 a measure id5tifi$ ) ! night1 z c]ta9 aspects ( 8 insignia w\ld appe> to %[4 ,9 a mann] he mu/ be reg>d$ z ! e>?1 :i* 9 its =m ( ! grave1 yawns or gapes insatiably = ! bodies ( ! dead4 7,see ,mictecaciuatl47 ,he appe>s to h analogies ) ! ,lords ( ,xibalba1 or ! ,place ( ! ,dead1 allud$ to 9 ! ,popol ,vuh1 ( ! ,qui*es ( ,guatemala4 #cbd ,,mictecaciuatl 8,,lady ,,( ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,! ,,dead0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexican ,plateau4 ,m9or ,"n3 ,*icunaui cipactli 8,n9e ,e>?-mon/]40 ,relation%ip3 ,wife ( ,mictlantecutli4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! t5? day-c\nt1 itzcu9tli4 ,f\r? ( ! f\r gu>dians ( ! ,?ird ,v5us ,p]iod1 d5ot+ ! nor?4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #ij3 ,%e has a skull = head1 ) r\nd eye & m>k$ supracili>y ar*1 t\sl$1 d>k hair /udd$ ) eyes symboliz+ night & />s4 ,! skull & body are pa9t$ yell[1 & "o brea/ is %[+4 ,h] wig has eyes = ornam5ts1 & %e we>s ! nape-ornam5t ( pap] usually plac$ on corpses4 ,h] e>r+ is also fa%ion$ aft] ! eye-motif4 ,! fea!r balls at h] wri/s are set ) eye-l jewels4 ,%e is engag$ 9 ?ru/+ a mummy-pack into ! yawn+ jaws ( ! e>?4 ,codex ,bologna 7,cospi74--,%eet #bg3 ,! date 8n9e e>?-mon/]0 7*icunaui cipactli7 /&s "h beside ,mictecaciuatl z h] hi]oglyphic "n4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #eg3 ,"h %e is repres5t$ opposite ,mictlantecutli4 ,%e has a wig decorat$ ) />s4 ,! face is human1 b ! fle%less l[] jaw resembles ! sign mal9alli4 ,h] nape ornam5t ( pap] is pa9t$ r$ & :ite1 & h] co/ume is r$ ) :ite cotton bord]s & an upp] bord] ( v>iegat$ :ite & yell[4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,see ,mictlantecutli4 ,,tepeyollotl 8,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,m\nta9s0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,ti]ras ,cali5tes4 ,relation%ip3 ,"o ( ! ,tzitzimim4 ,symbols3 ,a cave 7see ,codex ,borgia1 %eet #b74 ,a m>9e %ell 7,codex ,borbonicus74 ,see also ,sel]1 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung51 vol4 i1 p4 #fjf1 = glyph 9 ,codex ,bologna 7,cospi74 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,eigh? ( ! lords ( ! night2 rul] ( ! ?ird day1 & ( ! ?ird week1 ce mazatl4 ,compass ,direction3 ,s\?4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,9 ,codices ,fejrvry-,may] & ,vaticanus ,b ! face-pa9t ( ?is god is r$1 & 9 ! latt] ,,ms4 has ! alt]nate r$ & yell[ cross-b>s ( ! r$ ,tezcatlipoc4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia ! body is pa9t$ black1 b 9 ?is ,,ms41 z well z 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl1 ! upp] "p ( ! face resembles t ( ,quetzalcoatl 9 its decoration1 ! pr(ile be+ ( a light col\r1 :ile ! temporal region is pa9t$ diff]5tly1 ^! col\rs 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl be+ sep>at$ by a black l9e4 ,b :]eas ! temporal col\r+ 9 ! ,vi5na ,,ms4 is gre51 9 ,codex ,borgia x %[s ! alt]nate black & yell[ ( ,tezcatlipoc's face-pa9t4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia1 %eet #ad1 a be>d is worn & a plug is 9 ! no/rils4 ,! region ( ! m\? has ! pa9t+ ( a jagu>'s sk94 ,! hair is puff$ up 9 two pads1 symbolic1 p]haps1 ( ! m\nta9\s region ) :i* ! god is connect$4 ,9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis he we>s ! broad necktie ( ! ra9-gods1 only pa9t$ 9 gre5 & n 9 blue1 & 9 ,codex ,borgia %[s ,tlaloc's col\rs 9 ! lo9-clo?1 fillet1 & neck-ornam5t4 ,9 ?is ,,ms41 too1 he is repres5t$ z bl[+ ! con*-%ell1 & "h1 z well z 9 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]1 he /&s be=e a build+ :i* has ! cone-%ap$1 high-pit*$ /raw ro( ( ! h\ses 9 ! ti]ras cali5tes1 cr[n$ ) a jagg$ motif4 ,z rul] ( ! ?ird day-sign & ?ird week he is repres5t$ z a jagu> pure & simple 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl1 ,tell]iano-,rem5sis & ,borbonicus codices1 :i* is m]ely a disguise = ! p]sonality ( ,tezcatlipoc1 z is %[n by ! face ( t god look+ out f ! jagu>'s head 9 ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4 ,9 ,codex ,borbonicus he is m unmi/akably repres5t$ z ,tezcatlipoc1 = ! h&s & feet project+ f und]nea? ! jagu> sk9 are /rip$ l ^? ( t god1 & "o ( ! feet we>s ,tezcatlipoc's s&al1 ! itzcoatl 7or obsidian snake71 :il/ ! o!r is torn (f & replac$ by 8 smok+ mirror4 ,! jagu> ( ,codex ,borbonicus has o!r portions ( ! insignia ( ,tezcatlipoc ab\t him1 su* z ! aztaxelli1 or fea!r head-ornam5t1 & ! anauatl1 or :ite mussel-%ell r+4 ,9 ! ,codex ,borbonicus a l>ge m>9e %ell or con*-%ell appe>s to be symbolical ( ,tepeyollotl4 ,! god is allud$ to by ,sahagun z among ! unlucky symbols4 ,he figures z "o ( ! faces ( ! d\ble-head$ ,quaxolotl4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says3 8,!y consid]$ ,tepeyolotli ! "l ( ^! ?irte5 signs 9 :i* !y celebrat$ 8 fe/ival1 dur+ ! f\r la/ ( :i* !y fa/$1 out ( rev]5ce1 on acc\nt ( ! e>?'s hav+ rema9$ aft] ! deluge4 ,b z its conditions 7 disord]$ or fil?y1 !y did n consid] ! sacrifices ( ^! signs z good or clean1 b1 on ! contr>y1 z unclean1 & !y appli$ to !m an appellation :i* 9 common phraseology we might expla9 by ! t]m #8sacrifices ( fil?4' ,^! la/ f\r signs 9 :i* !y fa/$ 7 likewise out ( rev]5ce & 9 hon\r ( ,suguequezal 7,xo*iquetzal71 ! wife ( ,tonacatecotle1 ^: "n signifies ! lift+ up or rais+ up ( ! ,roses1 = !y say t goddess caus$ ! e>? to fl\ri%4 ,?is prop] "n might be writt5 ,tiscuelutli1 :i* is ! ,he>t ( ! ,m\nta91 :i* means ! e*o40 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis says3 8,! "n ref]s to ! mann] 9 :i* ! e>? 0 pres]v$ aft] ! deluge4 ,! sacrifices ( ^! ?irte5 days 7 n deem$ good2 !y might be int]pret$ 9 ,spani% #8sacrifices ( dung4' 8,! sign "u :i* numb] "o is writt5 caus$ p>alysis & evil hum\rs4 ,two 0 appropriat$ to drunk>ds2 & ?ree 0 appli$ to ! e>?4 ,tepeolotlec presid$ ov] ^? ?irte5 days 9 :i* !y celebrat$ a fe/ival2 & dur+ ! la/ f\r days ( :i* 7:]e ! h&s are m>k$7 !y fa/$4 ,tepeolotlec means ,"l ( ,animals4 8,! f\r days ( ! fa/ 7 9 hon\r ( ,suciquecal1 :o 0 ! man :o rema9$ 9 ! e>? :i* we n[ inhabit4 ,tepeolotlec is ! same z ! e*o ( ! voice :5 x rev]b]ates 9 a valley f "o m\nta9 to ano!r4 ,!y be/[$ ! appellation ( ! tig] on ! e>? because ! tig] is a v c\rage\s animal1 & !y say t ! deluge ceas$ at ! rev]b]ation caus$ by ! e*o 9 ! m\nta9s40 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,! comm5tators ( ! ,int]pretative ,codices briefly expla9 ,tepeyollotl z 8e*o0 & 8e>?40 ,z ,sel] /ates1 #cbe x is mo/ probable t he is a cave-god1 an ali5 b>b>ic deity1 p]haps id5tical ) ! god :om ! ,maya tribes ( ,*iapas call$ ,votan or 8he>t40 ,sel] also believes him to be ,tezcatlipoc 9 8 =m z an app>ition4 #cbf ,x is /range t x is only 9 ! works ( ! int]pret]s t he is m5tion$ at all1 & we c discov] no precise locality :]e 8 wor%ip 0 celebrat$4 ,! int]pret]s also designate him 8,"l ( ! ,animals10 & add t ! "n ( jagu> is giv5 to ! e>?1 because ! jagu> is ! wilde/ ( bea/s4 ,x may be z ,sel] decl>es1 t 89 ord] to und]/& & expla9 ?is figure we h to />t f ! jagu> 7ocelotl740 ,! ,indians ( ! ,v]a ,paz di/rict 9 ,guatemala1 :5 !y met ?is bea/1 in/ead ( attack+ him or runn+ away1 knelt d[n & began to confess _! s9s1 #cbg & x is probable t "s su* species ( wor%ip 0 paid ,tepeyollotl1 :o by 8 m\?-pa9t+1 & z rul] ( ! ?ird day-sign & ?ird week1 9 ! ,codex ,borgia1 is c]ta9ly depict$ z a jagu>4 ,b x seems possible1 too1 t ?is bea/1 p]haps because x dwelt 9 caves1 & because ( its t]rible nightly ro>+1 may h symboliz$ = ! ,mexicans ! e>? itself 9 its dang]\s aspect ( e>?quake4 #cbh ,! ,naguali/s1 a politico-religi\s secret society ( po/-,conque/ orig91 paid especial rev]5ce to ! jagu>1 :om !y reg>d$ z a bea/-patron or totemic gu>dian4 ,x is cle> t _! conception ( him arose out ( t ( ,tepeyollotl4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,v>iants ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,gods ,,itztli 8,,/one ,,knife0 7,,obsidian7 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,second ( ! n9e lords ( ! night4 ,compass ,direction3 ,ea/4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eet #ai3 ,he looks out f ! op5 jaws ( a /one knife1 :i* is design$ ) tee? & ! socket ( an eye above !m4 ,o!rwise he is pictur$ z a black ,tezcatlipoc ) ! yell[ cross-b&s on 8 face4 ,! smok+ mirror1 ! badge ( ,tezcatlipoc1 is cle>ly to be disc]n$4 ,! cl\ds ( inc5se rea* a great height1 & are set ) fea!r-"w4 ,he we>s ! blue nose-rod f :i* a little plate falls ov] ! m\?1 & he has a :ite brea/-r+4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #ad3 ,9 ?is place he is repres5t$ ) 8 hair bru%$ up on "o side1 ov] ! br[1 ! w>rior's hairdress+1 & ! =k$ h]on-fea!r ornam5t 9 8 hair1 "p ( ! w>rior's danc+ attire4 ,! smok+ mirror at ! temple is giv5 ) great cle>ness4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,%eet #b3 ,! "o foot exhibit$ z miss+ or torn (f is /uck 9 ! ?roat ( a /one knife4 ,! body-pa9t has p]haps be5 =gott5 "h1 & ! facial pa9t+ diff]s f ,tezcatlipoc's usual adornm5t1 be+ p]haps rem9isc5t ( t ( ,tezcatlipoc-,itzlacoliuhqui4 ,! head & neck are wrapp$ 9 a clo? ) a fr+$ hem1 & :i* mu/ be reg>d$ z deck$ ) fea!r balls on ! surface z 9 ! picture ( ! r$ ,tezcatlipoc 9 ,borgia 7%eet #aa74 ,he is associat$ ) ! crossway 9 all ,,mss4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,?is deity is a surrogate ( ,tezcatlipoc 9 8 guise ( ! obsidian knife ( sacrifice1 & z su* is1 ( c\rse1 repres5tative ( ! p>am\nt connection ( t god ) ! obsidian cult allud$ to 9 ! ,introduction4 ,he is1 inde$1 no?+ m or less ?an a p]sonalization ( ! obsidian knife2 8 "n implies ?is & ! picture ( him 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b 7%eet #ai71 :]e he is se5 look+ out ( ! jaws ( an obsidian knife disguise1 af=ds absolute pro(1 if m 7 requir$1 ( ! id5tification4 ,,itztlacoliuhqui-,,ixquimilli 8,,! ,,curv$ ,,obsidian ,,knife10 8,,! ,,bl9d ,,"o0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico-,t5o*titlan4 ,m9or ,names3 ,cipactonal4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! ?irte5? day1 acatl2 & ( ! twelf? week1 ce cuetzpal94 ,compass ,direction3 ,s\?4 ,relation%ip3 ,v>iant ( ,c9teotl3 son ( ,tlazolteotl4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,! god is indicat$ by a bundle hav+ a peculi> object ) two black1 longitud9al /ripes = a head4 ,at ! eye-level a b&age is worn1 & ! :ole is cr[n$ ) a hair wig & b\nd ) a d\ble-jewell$ fillet4 ,! cr[n ( ! 8head0 is also indicat$ by two longitud9al /ripes :i* t]m9ate 9 an involut$ peak1 curv+ backw>ds4 ,two mal9alli 7grass7 /ripes are worn z a brea/-ornam5t1 & ! l[] extremities are drap$ ) a fl[+ clo?4 ,g5]al4--,! head is m elaborately %[n 9 ! ,mexican ,,mss4 prop]4 ,?r\gh ! peak is ?ru/ a c>efully ins]t$ arr[ & its ant]ior edge is ev5ly not*$4 ,9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis & ,codex ,borbonicus ! face ( ?is p]sonage1 :o is call$ by ! int]pret]s 8! curv$ %>p /one10 ,itztlacoliuhqui1 is decorat$ ) ! gold cresc5t nasal ornam5t ( ,tlazolteotl & ! octli-gods4 ,t ?is figure is ! god ( av5g+ ju/ice is indicat$ by its b&ag$ eyes1 :i* recall ! appe>ance ( ,tezcatlipoc-,ixquimilli1 or ,tezcatlipoc z god ( ! ?irte5? day-c\nt4 ,! /one & club 7 us$ = punitive purposes1 s ! figure symbolic ( 8ju/ice0 0 ?us repres5t$ z a h>d /one4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,itztlacoliuhqui is %[n "h z ( a blue col\r1 & 8 face is pa9t$ ) blue & :ite cross-b&s in/ead ( yell[ & black1 l ,tezcatlipoc4 ,he we>s ,tezcatlipoc's brea/-ornam5t1 :ile 9 8 hair is ! =k$ adornm5t ( h]on-fea!rs4 ,,my?s ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says3 8,ytzlacoliuhqui signifies ! "l ( s9 or ( bl9dness1 & = ?is reason !y pa9t him ) 8 eyes b&ag$4 ,!y say t he committ$ s9 9 a place ( ! highe/ enjoym5t & delight1 & t he rema9$ nak$2 on :i* acc\nt 8 fir/ sign is a liz>d1 :i* is an animal ( ! gr\nd nak$ & mis]able4 ,he presid$ ov] ^! ?irte5 signs1 :i* 7 all unlucky4 ,!y said likewise t if false evid5ce %\ld be adduc$ on any "o ( ^! signs x w\ld be impossible to make ! tru? manife/4 ,!y put to dea? ^? :o 7 tak5 9 adult]y be=e 8 image if ! p>ties 7 m>ri$2 z ?is n be+ ! case1 x 0 lawful = !m to keep z _m wom5 or concub9es z !y pleas$4 ,ytzalcoliuhqui is a /> 9 heav5 :i* z !y pret5d proce$s 9 a rev]se c\rse2 !y consid]$ x a mo/ port5t\s sign1 bo? z conc]n$ ) nativities & w>4 ,?is /> is situat$ at ! s\?40 ,! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis says3 8,ytzlacoliuhqui1 ! "l ( s94 ,ytzlacoliuhqui 0 ! "l ( ^! ?irte5 days4 ,!y say he 0 ! god ( fro/4 ,!y put to dea? be=e 8 image ^? :o 7 convict$ ( adult]y dur+ ^! ?irte5 days2 ?is 0 ! puni%m5t ( m>ri$ p]sons bo? m5 & wom51 =1 provid$ ! p>ties 7 unm>ri$1 ! m5 7 at lib]ty to keep z _m concub9es z !y pleas$4 8,ytzlacoliuhqui 0 ! "l ( s9 or ( bl9dness1 :o committ$ s9 9 p>adise2 !y !re=e repres5t$ him ) 8 eyes b&ag$1 & 8 day 0 accord+ly ! liz>d &1 l ! liz>d1 he is nak$4 ,he is a /> 9 heav5 :i* 444 proce$s 9 a backw>d c\rse ) its eyes b&ag$4 ,!y consid]$ x a great progno/ic4 8,all ^! ?irte5 days 7 bad1 = !y affirm$ t if evid5ce %\ld be adduc$ 9 ^! days x w\ld be impossible to arrive at ju/ice1 b !y imag9$ t ju/ice w\ld be p]v]t$ 9 su* a mann] t unju/ condemnations w\ld ensue1 :i* 0 n ! case 9 ! days imm$iately foll[+1 :5 if evid5ce 0 adduc$ !y suppos$ t ju/ice w\ld be made app>5t4 ,!y believ$ t ^? :o 7 born on ! sign d$icat$ to him w\ld be s9n]s & adult]]s40 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,?is deity is a v>iant ( ,tezcatlipoc 9 8 "* ( ! obsidian knife1 ! god ( ! /one & !re=e ( blood1 av5g+ ju/ice1 ( bl9d+1 ( s91 ( cold4 ,! obsidian /one 0 reg>d$ z ! in/rum5t ( ju/ice1 z has already be5 /at$ 9 ! section on ,tezcatlipoc4 ,! figure became a g5]al symbol ( all ?+s h>d1 & is !re=e expla9$ by ! au?ors ( ! ,int]pretative ,codices z 8! god ( cold40 ,fro/1 ice1 or l[ temp]ature is 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 symboliz$ by a man we>+ ! headdress ( ?is deity1 :i* 0 also worn by ,uitzilopo*tli at ! o*panitztli fe/ival1 :5 ! knife ( sacrifice _h su* free play4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! god is repres5t$ 9 ,codex ,borbonicus z bl9dfold$ is probably a late conception ( him z ! god ( ju/ice4 ,b he seems also to h _h a /ell> connection :i* is a little vague4 ,,paynal 8,,! ,,ha/y0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico1 ,tlaxcallan4 ,relation%ip3 ,precursor or =]unn] ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4--,he has ! /ell> face-pa9t+1 & we>s a _m-po9t$ cr[n ( yell[ fea!rs1 ! l[] "p ( :i* is :ite4 ,! front ( ?is :ite portion ends 9 ?ree small globes or bells4 ,at ! back is a b[1 & he is furni%$ ) an e>-plug & nose-plug ( turquoise4 ,on ! head he we>s a %ell r+ l ,uitzilopo*tli & ,quetzalcoatl1 & he holds a n>r[ /rip$ bann] end+ 9 a sort ( fleur-de-lis motif4 ,! %ield is blue1 inlaid ) turquoise mosaic4 ,he has a peculi> skirt ) a tra9 m>k$ ) cross-hat*+s4 ,! bann] he c>ries is a gold5 "o1 & he also be>s ! fire-drill4 ,on 8 face is pa9t$ a *aff9*1 :i* composes 8 face-mask4 ,,fe/ival ,see ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,sel] id5tifies ! god ) ! morn+ />4 ,sahagun calls him 8! mess5g]0 or 8page0 ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,he act$ z 8=]unn]0 ( t god at ! panquetzalitztli fe/ival1 ?us p]haps signify+ ! mann] 9 :i* ! morn+ /> prec$es ! sun4 ,b ,i ?9k ! *aff9* pa9t$ ^u 8 face & 8 g5]al birdlike appe>ance may ju/ify u 9 conclud+ t he 0 develop$ f "s su* =m4 ,! my? :i* alludes to ,uitzilopo*tli z a 8little bird0 :i* l$ ! ,aztec into ,mexico may be a confus$ =m ( an old] /ory 9 :i* a h]o ( ! "n ( ,uitzilopo*tli may h be5 spok5 ( z accept+ ! augury & foll[+ ! flight ( a little bird4 ,,yacatecutli 8,,"l ,,:o ,,guides10 ,,or 8,,guidance0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,plateau ( ,anahuac 7wor%ipp$ by ,mexican m]*ants :ile at home & :5 travell+74 ,fe/ival3 ,panquetzalitztli4 ,symbol3 ,! m]*ant's /aff4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,! gr\nd ( ! face-pa9t+ is :ite1 b portions ( ! face1 especially ! =ehead1 nose1 & *91 & ! region 9 front ( ! e>s1 are brilliantly col\r$4 ,! hair is puff$ up & is b\nd ) b&s ( quetzal-fea!rs4 ,! e>-plugs are ( gold4 ,! l>ge mantle :i* almo/ cov]s ! body is decorat$ ) ! cross-hat*+ symbolic ( wat] & has ! r$ rim ( ! eye-motif4 ,! %ield be>s ! ,greek key motif1 su* z is se5 9 ! tribute-li/s ( ! ,codex ,m5doza4 ,9 8 h& ! god be>s ! bamboo /aff ( ! m]*ant or travell]1 :i* typifies 8 nature & :i* 0 wor%ipp$1 z be+ symbolic ( him1 by all trad]s4 ,,fe/ival ,panquetzalitztli4--,yacatecutli1 says ,sahagun1 #cbi 0 ! fir/ m]*ant & prototype ( traffick]s1 s 0 *os5 by ! m]*ants z _! god4 ,!y dress$ 8 /atue ) pap] & greatly v5]at$ ! /aff he c>ri$1 :i* 0 ( massive wood1 or else ( d>k cane1 v light1 b /rong1 su* z ! m]*ants c>ri$ on _! j\rneys4 ,he _h f\r bro!rs & a si/]1 also rev]5c$ by trad]s4 ,he 0 usually depict$ z a man on a j\rney1 equipp$ ) su* a /aff z has be5 m5tion$4 ,arriv$ at ! place :]e !y 7 to pass ! night1 ! m]*ants laid _! /aves 9 a heap & drew blood f _! e>s & limbs1 :i* !y (f]$ to x1 burn+ inc5se be=e x1 & pray+ = protection f ! dang]s ( ! road4 ,at ! fe/ival ( panquetzalitztli1 ?\s&s ( memb]s ( ! p[]ful ,po*teca1 or m]*ant guild1 proce$$ to ! vic9ity ( ,to*tepec1 :]e !y invit$ ! ,tlatelolcans ( t place to a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ,yacatecutli4 ,!y decorat$ 8 temple & spread mats be=e 8 image4 ,!n !y op5$ ! bundles 9 :i* !y _h br\ght pres5ts & ornam5ts = ! god1 & plac$ !m1 along ) _! /aves1 be=e 8 idol4 ,if a m]*ant laid two /aves at ! feet ( ! god1 t signifi$ t x 0 8 int5tion to sacrifice two slaves1 a man & a woman1 9 8 hon\r2 if f\r1 he w\ld devote two wret*$ creatures ( ei!r sex4 ,^! slaves 7 cov]$ ) ri* mantles & pap]4 ,if ! /aff repres5t$ a male slave1 x 0 also equipp$ ) ! maxtli1 or lo9-clo?1 b if a female1 ! uipilli1 or *emise1 & ! cueitl1 or skirt4 ,! ,mexican m]*ants !n accompani$ _! ,tlatelolcan confrres to ! villages1 :]e !y fea/$1 drank cocoa1 & smok$4 ,quails 7 !n decapitat$1 _! heads ?r[n into ! fire1 & inc5se 0 (f]$ to ! f\r c>d9al po9ts4 ,an address 0 deliv]$ by "o ( _! numb] practis$ 9 oratory4 ,! magnific5ce ( ?is fe/ival1 ) its ri*ly jewell$ accessories1 0 probably unsurpass$ 9 ,mexican ritual1 z on ?is occasion ! ,po*teca employ$ _! entire /ock ( tr9kets & ornam5ts = ! tempor>y decoration ( ! victims4 ,yacatecutli 0 also associat$ 9 wor%ip ) ,coyotl9auatl1 god ( ! guild ( fea!r-work]s ( ! qu>t] ( ,amantlan4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,bancr(t #ccj connects ,yacatecutli ) ! ,fire-god1 ) :om1 inde$1 ,clavig]o w\ld seem to equate him1 & 9 describ+ ! return ( ! gods 9 ! twelf? mon?1 ,sahagun makes bo? deities arrive toge!r4 ,xiuhtecutli 0 c]ta9ly ! god :o 0 believ$ to settle disputes at law1 b ,i am unable to connect ,yacatecutli ) him 9 any satisfactory mann]4 ,yacatecutli1 8! "l :o guides10 seems to me a m]e deification ( ! m]*ant's /aff1 an artificial deity inv5t$ z ! patron ( a ca/e 9 an environm5t :]e x 0 n difficult to inv5t gods4 ,by ?is ,i d n mean to convey ! impression t ! /aff 0 necess>ily 8 e>lie/ =m1 b t1 :atev] 8 primitive %ape1 ! m]*ant's /ick came to symbolize him4 ,! names ( ,yacatecutli's bro!rs & si/] seem to me to allegorize ! circum/ances ( ! travell+ m]*ant's c>e] 9 ! same mann] z ! names ( ! companions ( a folk-tale h]o may h a be>+ ^u 8 /ory4 ,?us ,*iconquiauitl 78,sev5-ra9s0 or 8,all-wea!rs07 may port5d ! v>i$ climatic conditions :i* ! *apman has to face2 ,xomocuitl 78,caught-drake07 ! k9d ( f>e he may expect 9 an unfrequ5t$ c\ntry2 ,naxtit 78,f\r-feet07 may typify endurance 9 walk+2 ,co*imetl1 7,sleep+-maguey7 may apply to ! leaves ( ! maguey-plant :i* %ad$ ! travell] f ! heat dur+ 8 noonday sie/a1 or f ! w9d if he us$ !m to con/ruct a tempor>y %elt]1 z 0 (t5 done2 ,yacapitzanac 78,%>p-nose07 ne$s little explanation 9 connection ) ! p$dl]'s call+1 & ! "n ( ! "o goddess ( ! s]ies1 ,*almecaciuatl1 is evid5tly t ( a tribal deity ( ! ,*almeca1 ) :om ! ,mexicans trad$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,m9or ,,deities ,,xolotl 8,,d\ble0 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,plateau ( ,anahuac4 ,m9or ,names3 ,*icuei ,mazatl 8,eight ,de]40 ,*icunaui ,coatl 8,n9e ,s]p5t40 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,rul] ( ! sev5te5? day-c\nt1 ol92 ( ! sixte5? tonalamatl division1 ce cozcaquauhtli4 ,compass ,direction3 ,ea/4 ,relation%ip3 ,tw9 bro!r or v>iant ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,9 ! picture ( ,xolotl on ! left side ( ! middle l[] "p ( %eet #ee a resemblance to ,quetzalcoatl is noticeable4 ,on 8 head is ! peculi> w$ge-%ap$ ,huaxtec hat1 pa9t$ half-r$ & half-blue1 :i* is "o ( ,quetzalcoatl's *>act]i/ics4 ,! bone dagg] symbolic ( self-torture & p5ance1 & ! snail-%ell armlets he we>s1 are also rem9isc5t ( ,quetzalcoatl's insignia4 ,8 face-pa9t+1 h[ev]1 diff]s f t usually worn by ,quetzalcoatl 9 ,codex ,borgia1 z ! front portion ( 8 face is blue & ! "p ne> ! e>s r$4 ,8 body-pa9t is blue4 ,nor does he h a l>ge be>d or fan-%ap$ nape-ornam5t1 b is %[n we>+ ! ,w9d-god's brea/-ornam5t made f a slic$ snail-%ell4 ,he also %[s a lik5ess to ,quetzalcoatl 9 ! mann] 9 :i* 8 lo9-clo? & fillet are r\nd$ (f4 ,z a travell+ god1 ,xolotl is depict$ 9 ,codex ,borgia z hold+ a fan simil> 9 its ?ree-flapp$ w$ge-%ape to t ( ! o!r p]ipatetic deities1 except t x has a h&le %ap$ l a bird's head & is seem+ly compos$ ( blue cot+a-fea!rs4 ,8 travell+ pack is symboliz$ by a fl[]+ tree1 :i* he be>s on 8 back1 :ile 8 travell+ /aff is pa9t$ turquoise col\r1 is decorat$ ) ! *al*ihuitl ornam5t1 & is complet$ ) a fl[]4 ,9 ! picture to ! "r ( %eet #cf ,xolotl pres5ts almo/ a new aspect1 al?\gh c]ta9 ( 8 attributes be> "s resemblance to ^? :i* we h already obs]v$ z be+ peculi> to him4 ,he /ill c>ries a travell+-/aff ) a jewell$ head1 b 9 ?is repres5tation its g5]al "* is m t ( ! rattle-/ick4 ,8 body-pa9t rema9s ! same & he reta9s 8 blue fea!r fan4 ,8 pack is di/+ui%$ by a fl[] to s]ve z a connection ) ! floresc5t tree c>ri$ by him1 z describ$ else:]e4 ,9 ?is %eet he is repres5t$ z we>+ a long be>d & 8 face-pa9t 9 ! region ( ! m\? is :ite4 ,8 face is alt]$ by a peculi> type ( nose1 :i* gives him a disfigur$ appe>ance4 ,! god ( mon/rosities on %eet #aj ( ,codex ,borgia has a simil> pat* ( :ite ab\t 8 m\?1 resembl+ 9 %ape a human h&1 a symbol :i* also *>act]izes ! face-pa9t+ ( ,macuil ,xo*itl4 ,else:]e 9 ?is ,,ms4 he is repres5t$ z crook$-limb$ & ble>-ey$4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,9 ?is ,,ms4 ,xolotl is repres5t$ z hav+ a dog's head & aga9 appe>s 9 ! g>b & ornam5ts ( ,quetzalcoatl4 ,9 ,codex ,borgia 8 e>s h a rim ( yell[1 evid5tly int5d$ to repres5t dead fle%1 :ile 9 ,codex ,vaticanus ! can9e "* is indicat$ by ! cropp$ e>s4 ,9 ! no/rils is a blue plug1 ! ornam5t ( ! deceas$ w>rior1 d5ot+ t ?is is ! dog :i* accompanies 8 ma/] to ,mictlampa1 ,place ( ! ,dead1 & assi/s him to swim ! riv] :i* encircles x4 ,?is di/+ui%+ plug is se5 9 ,codex ,vaticanus1 b n 9 ,codex ,borgia4 ,! re/ ( ! god's attire is exclusively t worn by ,quetzalcoatl1 z describ$ 9 ! space devot$ to t god4 ,aub9 ,tonalamatl4--,9 ?is ,,ms4 he aga9 takes on a can9e appe>ance & is clo!d 9 _m respects l ,quetzalcoatl4 ,?is frequ5t simil>ity 9 dress betwe5 ! gods may h its orig9 9 ! div]se mean+ ( ! ^w coatl1 :i*1 besides mean+ 8snake10 also d5otes 8comrade0 or 8tw940 ,?is dog-l creature is usually portray$ z ( a d>k col\r1 black1 ) ! di/9ctive cropp$ e>1 :ile 9 ,codex ,borgia he is depict$ ) jagu>-claws4 ,xolotl has ! face-pa9t+ ( ,quetzalcoatl 9 ! ,mexican ,,mss4 prop]1 t is 9 ! middle front x is yell[ & black at ! sides4 ,he we>s ! two-col\r$ :ite & br[n 7jagu>-sk97 head-loop ) r\nd$-(f ends1 :i* latt] =m is also cont9u$ 9 ! lo9-clo?4 ,bo? ^! articles ( dress he has 9 common ) ,quetzalcoatl4 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4--,"h he is depict$ ) ,tlazolteotl's sp9dles 9 8 hair & an i*caxo*itl ( unspun cotton1 z well z ! head-loop previ\sly describ$4 ,only 9 ?is ,,ms4 is he s adorn$4 ,! in/rum5t ( self-mortification1 ! bone dagg]1 juts out f above 8 =ehead1 :5ce issues a trickle ( blood1 sometimes del9eat$ symbolically z a fea!r-ball /r+ complet$ ) a fl[]1 & at o!rs repres5t$ z real blood4 ,he grasps an obsidian knife1 :i* implem5t also projects f 8 m\? along ) a fl[]1 :ile a copal bag is portray$ 9 front ( him4 ,9 "s ,,mss41 z 9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis & ,vaticanus ,a1 he is repres5t$ z we>+ a mask on 8 girdle4 ,,wall-,,pa9t+s ,xolotl seems to be repres5t$ on "o ( ! wall-pa9t+s at ,mitla1 :]e he is *>act]iz$ by ! physiognomy ( an animal ) project+ upp] tee?4 ,he we>s ,quetzalcoatl's conical cap ( jagu>-sk9 & 8 necklace ( snail-%ells4 ,! dog's e>s seem 9 ?is place to be m]g$ into tufts ( fea!rs4 ,,pott]y ,,figures ,two small pott]y figures ( ,xolotl f\nd 9 ! ,valley ( ,mexico insi/ /rongly ^u 8 animal "*1 b 9 nei!r ( ^! is ! precise be/ial type asc]ta9able4 ,! fir/ %[s a face end+ 9 a blunt sn\t & surm\nt$ by a k9d ( wig1 ) e>-pieces ris+ on ei!r side4 ,:at seems to be a coll> ( fea!rs surr\nds ! neck4 ,9 ! o!r he is repres5t$ z a little be>1 or dog1 )\t clo?+1 b hav+ ,quetzalcoatl's slic$ snail-%ell brea/-ornam5t4 ,a /one head ( him f\nd 9 ! ,calle de las ,escal]illas 9 ,mexico ,city on #bi? ,octob] #aijj %[s a blunt1 almo/ ape-l animal face ) l>ge p[]ful mol> tee?1 dog-l can9es1 & l>ge1 %>p fangs1 n unlike ^? ) :i* ,tlaloc 0 usually repres5t$4 ,incis$ l9es repres5t p[]ful muscul> developm5t 9 ! region ( ! nose & jaws4 ,! type is only g5]ally & n p>ticul>ly be/ial1 & x w\ld seem t x 0 ! aim ( ! sculptor to repres5t a f]oci\s animal c\nt5ance )\t lay+ /ress ^u ! peculi>ities ( any "o species4 ,,my?s ,! mo/ important ( ! my?s relat+ to ,xolotl are ^? giv5 by ,sahagun & ,olmos1 :i* h already be5 describ$ at l5g? 9 ! *apt] on ,cosmogony4 ,! ,codex ,vaticanus ,a says ( him3 8,!y believe ,xolotle to be ! god ( mon/r\s productions & ( tw9s1 :i* are su* ?+s z gr[ d\ble4 ,he 0 "o ( ! sev5 :o rema9$ aft] ! deluge1 & he presid$ ov] ^! ?irte5 signs :i* !y usually consid]$ unlucky40 ,! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis describes him 9 v]biage almo/ id5tical4 ,juan de ,cordova 9 8 ,zapotec ,gramm> writes3 8,:5 a sol> eclipse occurr$ !n !y said t ! _w is com+ to an end1 & t ! ,sun-god want$ w>1 & t !y w\ld kill "o ano!r1 :oev] 0 fir/ able to d ?is4 ,likewise !y said t ! dw>fs 7 creat$ by ! sun1 & t at ! "t 7t is dur+ ! eclipse7 ! ,sun-god want$ ! dw>fs z 8 prop]ty4 ,& !re=e :]ev] dw>fs or und]siz$ p]sons 7 f\nd 9 a h\se ! p fell ^u & kill$ !m1 & !y hid !mselves 9 ord] n to be kill$1 s t dur+ t "t few escap$ f _! fate40 ,"o ( ! hymns or songs giv5 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 says ( ,xolotl3 ,old ,xolotl plays ball1 plays ball ,on ! magic play+-gr\nd4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,! ,mexican game ( tla*tli symboliz$ ! movem5ts ( ! moon 7b m probably ( bo? sun & moon74 ,?is1 p]haps ! fav\rite ,mexican amusem5t1 0 a ball-game1 play$ ) a rubb] ball by two p]sons "o at ea* end ( a ,t-%ap$ c\rt1 :i* 9 ! manuscripts is sometimes repres5t$ z pa9t$ 9 d>k & light col\rs1 or 9 f\r v>iegat$ hues4 ,9 sev]al ( ! ,,mss4 ,xolotl is depict$ /riv+ at ?is game aga9/ o!r gods4 ,= example1 9 ! ,codex ,m5doza we see him play+ ) ! ,moon-god1 & c recognize him by ! sign oll9 :i* accompanies him1 & by ! g\g$-out eye 9 :i* t symbol ends4 ,sel] ?9ks 8t ! root ( ! "n ol9 sugge/$ to ! ,mexicans ! motion ( ! rubb] ball olli &1 z a consequ5ce1 ( ball-play+40 ,x seems to me to h repres5t$ bo? light & d>kness1 z is witness$ by its col\rs4 ,xolotl is1 inde$1 ! d>kness t accompanies light4 ,h5ce he is 8! tw90 or %ad[1 h5ce he travels ) ! sun & ! moon1 ) "o or o!r ( :i* he 8plays ball10 ov]com+ !m or los+ to !m4 ,he is ! god ( eclipse1 & naturally a dog1 ! animal ( eclipse4 ,p]uvians1 ,tupis1 ,creeks1 ,iroquois1 ,algonqu9s1 & ,eskimos believ$ him to be s1 ?ra%+ dogs dur+ ! ph5om5on1 a practice expla9$ by say+ t ! big dog 0 swall[+ ! sun1 & t by :ipp+ ! little ones !y w\ld make him desi/4 ,! dog is ! animal ( ! dead1 & !re=e ( ! ,place ( ,%ad[s4 #cca ,?us also ,xolotl is a mon/]1 ! sun-swall[+ mon/]1 l ! ,h9du ,rahu1 :o *ases ! sun & moon4 ,z a %ad[ he is 8! d\ble0 ( ev]y?+4 ,! axolotl1 a m>9e animal f\nd 9 ,mexico1 0 conf\nd$ ) 8 "n because ( its mon/r\s appe>ance1 & he 0 class$ along ) ,quetzalcoatl m]ely because t god's "n bore ! elem5t coatl1 :i* may be translat$ ei!r 8tw90 or 8snake40 ,la/ly1 z he 0 8v>iable z ! %ade10 s 7 ! =tunes ( ! game ov] :i* he presid$4 ,at ! same "t he seems to me to h aff9ities ) ! ,zapotec & ,maya lightn+-dog pe*e-xolo #ccb & may repres5t ! lightn+ :i* desc5ds f ! ?und]-cl\d1 ! fla%1 ! reflection ( :i* ar\ses 9 _m primitive p ! belief t ! lightn+ is 8d\ble10 & leads !m to suppose a connection betwe5 ! lightn+ & tw9s1 or o!r ph5om5a ( a tw(old k9d4 ,z ! dog1 too1 he has a connection ) ,hades1 &1 said my?1 0 dispat*$ !nce = ! bones f :i* man 0 creat$4 ,he is also a travell+ god1 = ! %ad[s ca/ by ! cl\ds seem to travel quickly ov] pla9 & m\nta94 ,z ! mon/r\s dw>f1 too1 he symboliz$ ! palace-slave1 ! de=m$ je/] :o cat]$ = ! amusem5t ( ! great1 & ?is probably acc\nts = ! symbol ( ! :ite h& outspread on 8 face1 :i* he has 9 common ) ,xo*ipilli & ! o!r gods ( pleasure4 ,he be>s a suspici\s resemblance to ! m&rake spirits ( ,europe & ,asia1 bo? z reg>ds 8 duality1 8 l\d lam5tation :5 z a d\ble-root$ plant he 0 discov]$ & pull$ up by ! roots1 & 8 symbol1 :i* may be a rem9isc5ce ( ! m&rake4 ,,ixtlilton 8,,! ,,little ,,black ,,face0 ,m9or ,"n3 ,tlaltetecu9 8,he :o /rikes ! ,e>?40 ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexican ,valley4 ,relation%ip3 ,bro!r ( ,macuilxo*itl4 ,symbol3 ,! t\alli1 ! f\r balls or beads1 se5 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 & 9 ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano 7%eet #fc7 z a %ield-device4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,day ome to*tli4 ,compass ,direction3 ,s\?4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4--,%eet #bd3 ,"h ! god is repres5t$ opposite ,macuilxo*itl4 ,he we>s on 8 head a :ite-fr+$ clo?1 su* z is worn by ,tezcatlipoc1 hav+ on ! top a bun* ( d[ny fea!rs ) a cre/ ( f\r plumes end+ 9 :ite tips4 ,he has a coll> made ( v]tebr or animals' claws1 & on ! upp] arm a r+1 furni%$ on "o ( its sides ) a projection tap]+ to a po9t4 ,! body is :ite & ! face is pa9t$ black & :ite r\nd ! m\?4 ,sel] 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ?is ,,ms4 7p4 #abg7 ?9ks t ! :ite ball or disk cov]$ ) a radial design1 & held by ! god 9 8 "r h&1 is p]haps a symbol = ilhuitl 78day10 8fea/071 & %\ld be comp>$ ) ! p>ti-col\r$1 :orl-l disk :i* ! danc] 9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis 7%eet ,l1 v]so #a7 holds 9 8 h&1 & :i* repres5ts ! sign ( ! eigh? annual fea/1 ! ueitecuilhuitl4 ,! cre/ worn by him1 :i* is compos$ ( black fea!rs1 is ! cre/ embelli%$ ) quetzal-fea!rs & /one knives1 z 9 ! ,sahagun ,,ms4 & ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano4 ,codex ,borgia4--,%eet #fb3 ,9 ?is repres5tation he faces ! goddess ,xo*iquetzal4 ,he we>s ! face- & body-pa9t ( a prie/1 ) a :ite angul> pat* ab\t ! m\?1 spr9kl$ ) ulli gum4 ,8 cre/ is simil> to t describ$ above4 ,! brea/-r+ seems to be imb$d$ 9 a motif be>+ a resemblance to ! tla*9alli fire-&-wat] symbol1 & its significance 9 ?is place is h>d to def9e4 ,f ! wri/s droop elaborate fea!r ornam5ts1 dep5d+ f a bracelet ( /one knives4 ,we seem to see ! ,dance-god 9 ?is place 9 8 c]emonial condition1 z ! rul] ( ! dance :i* prec$$ human sacrifice4 ,%eet #fd %[s him simil>ly attir$1 b )\t ! prie/'s body-pa9t4 ,he seems ab\t to ent] ! dance-h\se ( ! w>riors1 & a c\rtesan be>s him company4 ,codex ,borbonicus4--,%eet #d3 ,"h he is %[n opposite ,ueuecoytl1 ! coyote god1 engag$ 9 ! motions ( ! dance4 ,p]haps ?is position is m eloqu5t ( motion ?an any o!r 9 ! ,mexican ,,mss4 ,9 ?is place he appe>s to be almo/ id5tifi$ ) ,macuilxo*itl 7q4v471 to ^: /atuettes 9 ! ,museo ,nacional de ,mexico1 ! figure be>s a /rong resemblance4 ,sahagun ,,ms4--,! face-pa9t is black & ! god we>s a fea!r comb set ) fl9t knives4 ,he has a coll> ( animal claws1 mo/ ( :i* are ^? ( ! jagu>1 & on 8 back he we>s a w+-fan ) ! sun-bann] fix$ on x4 ,r\nd 8 %\ld]s is a pap] ) ! sun-signs pa9t$ on x4 ,8 feet are ornam5t$ ) bells & %ells1 & he we>s 8sun-s&als40 ,on 8 arm he c>ries a sol> %ield & 9 8 h& he be>s a /aff ) a he>t4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,practically all t is kn[n reg>d+ ?is god is rec\nt$ by ,sahagun1 :o says ( him3 8,!y made to ?is god an oratory ( pa9t$ planks1 a sort ( tab]nacle1 9 :i* 8 image 0 plac$4 ,he _h 9 ?is oratory _m j>s full ( wat]1 & cov]$ ) plates1 & ?is wat] 0 call$ tilatl1 or black wat]4 ,:5 an infant fell ill !y took x to ! temple ( ,ixtlilton & op5$ "o ( ^! j>s1 made him dr9k x1 & ! malady left him4 ,if "o wi%$ to give a fea/ to ! god he took 8 image home4 ,?is 0 nei!r pa9t$ nor sculptur$1 b 0 a prie/ :o wore ! ornam5ts ( ! god4 ,dur+ ! passage he 0 c5s$ ) copal4 ,arriv$ at ! h\se1 he 0 met ) s+]s & danc]s1 :i* danc+ is diff]5t 9 a mann] f ours4 8,i speak ( t :i* we call areyto1 & :i* !y call maceualiztli4 ,!y assembl$ 9 great numb]s1 two & two or ?ree & ?ree1 & =m$ a circle4 ,!y c>ri$ fl[]s 9 ! h&1 & 7 decorat$ ) plumage4 ,!y made at ! same "t a uni=m movem5t ) _! bodies1 also ) _! feet & h&s1 9 p]fect comb9ation & v wor?y to be se54 ,all _! movem5ts accord$ ) ! music ( ! drums4 ,!y accompani$ ! in/rum5ts ) _! sonor\s voices1 s++ 9 accord ! praises ( ! god to :om !y made ! fe/ival4 ,!y adapt$ _! movem5ts to ! nature ( _! songs1 = _! dances & _! intonation v>i$ consid]ably4 8,! dance cont9u$1 & ! #8god' himself1 hav+ danc$ = a long "t1 desc5d$ to ! cave :]e ! octli 0 /or$ 9 j>s4 ,he op5$ "o ( ^!1 an op]ation :i* 0 kn[n z tlayacaxapotla 7#8! new op5+1' or #8! op5+ ( ! new'74 ,!n he & ^? :o accompani$ him drank ( ! octli4 ,!y !n w5t to ! c\rt ( ! h\se1 :]e !y f\nd ?ree j>s fill$ ) ! black wat]1 :i* _h be5 cov]$ = f\r days4 ,he :o play$ ! rle ( god op5$ ^!1 & if he f\nd !m full ( hairs1 du/1 *>coal1 or any o!r uncleanness1 x 0 said t ! man ( ! h\se 0 a p]son ( vici\s life & bad "*4 ,!n ! god w5t to ! h\se1 :]e he 0 giv5 ! /uff call$ ixqu51 = cov]+ ! face1 9 allusion to ! %ame :i* cov]$ ! ma/] ( ! h\se40 #ccc ,f ! =ego+ x is cle> t ,ixtlilton 0 a god ( m$ic9al virtue1 ! deity :o kept m5 9 good heal? or :o assi/$ _! recov]y f sickness1 !re=e ! bro!r ( ,xo*ipilli-,macuilxo*itl1 god ( good luck & m]rim5t4 ,8 temple1 compos$ ( pa9t$ bo>ds1 w\ld seem to h borne a resemblance to ! hut ( ! tribal m$ic9e-man or %aman4 ,a sacrifice 0 made to him :5 ! ,mexican *ild fir/ spoke4 ,,omacatl 8,,two ,,re$s0 ,sahagun ,,ms4 7,biblioteca del ,palacio74--,! regions ( ! =ehead1 nose1 & m\? are 8fe/ively0 pa9t$4 ,he we>s a fea!r helmet & a cr[n ( spe>-%afts4 ,8 ov]dress has ! cross-hat*+ :i* usually indicates wat]1 & is edg$ ) r$1 decorat$ ) ! eye-motif4 ,be=e him is a small %ield ) a pla91 :ite surface1 its l[] rim edg$ ) :ite fea!rs or pap]1 & 9 8 h& he c>ries ! 8see+0 or 8scry+0 implem5t1 t "s ( ! o!r gods1 noticeably ,tezcatlipoc1 possess4 #ccd ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,?is god appe>s to h be5 p>tly ( a convivial nature & presid$ ov] banquets & fe/ivities g5]ally4 ,on ! occasion ( a public or private rejoic+ he 0 borne ?i!r by c]ta9 prie/s4 ,if ! banquet 0 suitable he prais$ ! ho/1 b o!rwise rebuk$ him1 & x is said t1 if irritat$ 9 any way1 he w\ld turn ! vi&s into hair 7z did c]ta9 ( ! fairies ( ,brittany1 :5 annoy$ or insult$74 ,! night be=e a fe/ival a cake l a l>ge bone 0 made1 & ?is1 x 0 feign$1 0 a bone ( ! deity himself4 ,?is cake 0 eat5 & octli 0 drunk1 aft] :i* sp9es ( ! maguey 7 ?ru/ into ! /oma* ( ! idol4 ,!re c be little d\bt t1 z ,sahagun /ates1 #cce ,omacatl 0 solely & simply a god ( fe/ivities4 ,,ciuatete ,,goddesses ,,ciuapipilt9 ,,pr9cesses ,area ( ,wor%ip3 ,mexico4 ,cal5d> ,place3 ,suppos$ to desc5d to e>? on initial days ( ?ird tonalamatl qu>t]4 ,fe/ival3 ,fir/ day ( ce mazatl 7movable fea/72 ce quiauitl 7movable fea/72 ce ozomatli 7movable fea/74 ,compass ,direction3 ,we/4 ,relation%ip3 ,frequ5tly associat$ ) ! ,uitznaua4 ,,aspect ,,& ,,insignia ,codex ,borgia4--,%eets #dg-dh3 ,five figures "h repres5t ! ,ciuatete & are dress$ 9 ! /yle ( ,tlazolteotl1 ) ! fillet & e>-plug ( unspun cotton1 & ! gold5 nasal cresc5t worn by t goddess & ! octli-gods4 ,9 ea* case ! eye has be5 g\g$ out & hangs out ( ! socket1 z ) ,xolotl4 ,!y we> on _! heads a fea!r ornam5t l ! h]on-fea!r plume ( ! w>rior ca/e1 b consi/+ ( five :ite fea!rs or /rips ( pap] above a bun* ( d[ny fea!rs4 ,at ! nape ( ! neck ! figures we> a black vessel z _! device1 9 :i* lies a bun* ( mal9alli grass4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body is nak$1 & r\nd ! hips is wrapp$ a skirt %[+ cross-bones on its surface & a bord] pa9t$ 9 ! mann] ( ! v>iegat$ coral snake4 ,! resemblance betwe5 all five figures is close4 ,only ! face-1 arm-1 & leg-pa9t+ is diff]5t4 ,9 ! case ( ! fir/ ! col\r is :ite /rip$ ) r$1 9 ! second blue1 9 ! ?ird yell[1 9 ! f\r? r$1 & 9 ! fif? black4 ,all hold 9 "o h& a broom ( mal9alli grass1 & 9 ! o!r a black obsidian sacrificial knife1 a bone dagg]1 & an agave-leaf spike1 bo? furni%$ ) a fl[] symbolic ( blood4 ,!y inhale ! smoke :i* asc5ds f a black inc5se or fire-vessel /&+ on ! gr\nd be=e !m4 ,a rubb] ball lies 9 ! vessel ( ! fir/ figure2 ) ! second ! vessel is replac$ by a cross-way1 & ! asc5d+ smoke by a c5tip$e issu+ f ! m\? ( ! goddess4 ,) ! ?ird a skeleton is seat$ 9 ! di%1 hold+ a he>t 9 "o h& & a sacrificial knife 9 ! o!r4 ,! asc5d+ smoke is replac$ by two /reams ( blood pass+ into ! m\? ( a skeleton1 "o ( :i* comes f ! m\? ( ! figure1 ! o!r f h] "r brea/4 ,) ! f\r? figure are repres5t$ a bun* ( mal9alli grass & a v>iegat$ snake4 ,no?+ "h ent]s ! m\? ( ! ,ciuatete1 b f x issues a simil> snake1 & ano!r hangs on ea* ( h] arms4 ,be=e ! la/ figure1 9 ! di% is p]*$ a scree*-owl1 & a /ream ( blood passes f ! m\? ( ! figure to t ( ! owl4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4--,%eets #gg-gi3 ,five figures are "h also depict$ :i* be> a resemblance to ,tlazolteotl1 b are )\t ! gold5 nasal cresc5t4 ,) ! la/ f\r ! same curl+ locks ( hair are se5 z 9 ! case ( ! ,codex ,borgia figures1 b ! fir/ figure is pictur$ ) ! hair bri/l+ up on "o side1 z worn by ! w>rior ca/e4 ,! eye too is hang+ out1 & ! headdresses & nape-vessels resemble ^? 9 ,codex ,borgia4 ,9 ! majority ( cases ! skirt is :ite ) two diagonal r$ /ripes cross+ ea* o!r4 ,only ) ! fir/ figure is x pa9t$ r$ ) :ite cross-bones4 ,! la/ figure has a skirt made ( /rips ( mal9alli grass fa/5$ by a girdle made ( a skeletal sp9al column1 on :i* is set a dead man's skull z back-mirror4 ,all five we> ! m5's lo9-clo? besides ! skirt4 ,!y c>ry ! symbols ( sacrifice & mortification z 9 ! ,codex ,borgia1 & simil> inc5se-vessels /& be=e !m4 ,,my?s ,sahagun says ( ! ,ciuatete3 8,! ,ciuapipilt91 ! noble wom51 7 ^? :o _h di$ 9 *ildb$4 ,!y 7 suppos$ to w&] ?r\gh ! air1 desc5d+ :5 !y wi%$ to ! e>? to afflict *ildr5 ) p>alysis & o!r maladies4 ,!y haunt$ cross-roads to practise _! malefic5t de$s1 & !y _h temples built at ^! places1 :]e bread (f]+s 9 ! %ape ( butt]flies 7 made to !m1 also ! ?und]-/ones :i* fall f ! sky4 ,_! faces 7 :ite1 & _! arms1 h&s1 & legs 7 col\r$ ) a :ite p[d]1 ticitl 7*alk74 ,_! e>s 7 gild$ & _! hair done 9 ! mann] ( ! great ladies4 ,_! clo!s 7 /rip$ ) black1 _! skirts b>r$ 9 diff]5t col\rs1 & _! s&als 7 :ite40 ,he fur!r relates 7bk4 vi1 c4 xxix7 t1 :5 a woman :o _h di$ 9 h] fir/ *ildb$ 0 buri$ 9 ! temple-c\rt ( ! ,ciuatete1 h] husb& & 8 fri5ds wat*$ ! body all night 9 case "y braves or magicians %\ld seek to obta9 ! hair or f+]s z protective talismans4 ,,nature ,,& ,,/atus ,t ! wit*es' sabba? 0 q z fam\s or infam\s an in/itution 9 anci5t ,mexico z 9 m$ival ,europe is te/ifi$ to by ! num]\s acc\nts ( ! mission>y *ronicl]s1 :i* are fur!r corroborat$ by ! native manuscripts4 ,b 9 ! days prior to ! com+ ( ! ,spani>ds1 x 0 ?\ght ( z be+ celebrat$ by ! dead r ?an ! liv+4 ,! ,ciuatete1 or haunt+ mo!rs1 7 ^? wom5 :o _h di$ 9 _! fir/ *ild-b$1 & :o1 out ( envy = _! m =tunate si/]s & _! (fspr+1 cont9u$ to haunt ! _w at c]ta9 fix$ p]iods1 wreak+ _! spite ^u all :o 7 s unlucky z to cross _! pa?4 ,!y are repres5t$ 9 ! anci5t pa9t+s z dress$ 9 ! g>m5ts & insignia ( ! goddess ,tlazolteotl1 ! wit* p> excell5ce1 ) a fillet & e>-plug ( unspun cotton1 a gold5 cresc5t-%ap$ nasal ornam5t1 empty eye-sockets1 & ! h]on-fea!r headdress ( ! w>rior ca/e1 = ! woman :o di$ 9 *ild-b$ 0 reg>d$ z equally h]oic ) ! man :o p]i%$ 9 battle4 ,! upp] p>ts ( _! bodies 7 nude1 & r\nd ! hips !y wore a skirt on :i* cross-bones 7 pa9t$4 ,!y c>ri$ ! wit*'s broom ( mal9alli grass1 a symbol ( dea?1 & !y are sometimes associat$ ) ! snake1 scree*-owl1 & o!r animals ( ill-om54 ,! face 0 ?ickly p[d]$ ) :ite *alk1 & ! region ( ! m\?1 9 "s cases1 decorat$ ) ! figure ( a butt]fly4 ,^! furies 7 suppos$ to dwell 9 ! region ( ! we/1 & z "s comp5sation = _! e>ly deta*m5t f ! e>?-life1 7 p]mitt$ to accompany ! sun 9 8 c\rse f noon to sunset1 j z ! dead w>riors did f sunrise to noon4 ,at night !y left _! occid5tal abode1 ! ,ciutlampa1 or 8,place ( ,wom510 & revisit$ ! glimpses ( ! moon 9 se>* ( ! fem99e ge> !y _h left beh9d !m--! sp9dles1 "w-baskets1 & o!r articles us$ by ,mexican wom54 ,! ,ciuatete 7 especially pot5t = evil 9 ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! a/rological ye>1 & ^? :o 7 s luckless z to meet !m dur+ t season became crippl$ or epileptic4 ,! f+]s & h&s ( wom5 :o _h di$ 9 br++ =? 7 believ$ by magicians1 soldi]s1 & ?ieves to h ! prop]ty ( crippl+ & p>alys+ _! enemies or ^? :o s\ght to h9d] _! nef>i\s call+1 precisely z ,iri% burgl>s =m]ly believ$ t ! h& ( a corpse grasp+ a c&le1 :i* !y call$ 8! h& ( glory10 c\ld ensure s\nd sleep 9 ! inmates ( any h\se !y might ent]4 ,says ,sahagun3 8,x 0 said t !y v5t$ _! wra? on p & bewit*$ !m4 ,:5 anyone is possess$ by ! demons1 ) a wry m\? & di/urb$ eyes1 ) cl5*$ h&s & inturn$ feet1 wr++ 8 h&s & foam+ at ! m\?1 !y say t he has l9k$ himself to a demon2 ! ,ciuatete1 h\s$ by ! crossways1 h tak5 8 =m40 ,f ?is & o!r passages we may be ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ t ^! dead wom5 7 also reg>d$ z succubi1 haunt]s ( m51 compell+ !m to dreadful am\rs1 & t !y 7 cr$it$ ) ! evil eye is evid5t f ! /atem5t t _! glances caus$ helpless t]ror & br\ght convulsions ^u *ildr51 & t _! jeal\sy ( ! h&some 0 prov]bial4 ,! div9e patroness ( ^! wit*es 7= 8wit*es0 !y are call$ by ! old fri> :o int]prets ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis71 :o flew ?r\gh ! air ^u _! broom/icks & met at cross-roads1 0 ,tlazolteotl1 a div9ity :o1 l all deities ( gr[?1 possess$ a plutonic significance4 ,! broom is h] especial symbol1 & 9 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may] 7%eet #ag7 we h a picture ( h] :i* repres5ts h] z ! traditional wit*1 nak$1 we>+ a peak$ hat1 & m\nt$ ^u a broom/ick4 ,9 o!r places %e is se5 /&+ beside a h\se accompani$ by an owl1 ! :ole repres5t+ ! wit*'s dwell+1 ) m$ic9al h]bs dry+ b5ea? ! eaves4 ,?us ! evid5ce t ! haunt+ mo!rs & _! patroness pres5t an exact p>allel ) ! wit*es ( ,europe seems complete1 & %\ld provide ^? :o reg>d wit*craft z a ?+ ess5tially ,european ) consid]able food = ?\ght4 ,! sorc]y cult ( ! ,mexican ,naguali/s ( po/-,columbian times 0 also p]meat$ ) practices simil> to ^? ( ,european wit*craft1 & we read ( its adh]5ts sme>+ !mselves ) o9tm5t to br+ ab\t levitation1 fly+ ?r\gh ! air1 & engag+ 9 wild & lascivi\s dances1 precisely z did ! adh]5ts ( ,vauld]ie1 or ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ,italian ,aradia4 ,!re are n want+ signs t liv+ wom5 ( evil reputation desir$ to associate !mselves ) ! ,ciuatete4 ,says ! int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a3 8,! fir/ ( ! f\rte5 day-signs1 ! h\se1 !y consid]$ un=tunate1 because !y said t demons came ?r\gh ! air on t sign 9 ! figures ( wom51 su* z we designate wit*es1 :o usually w5t to ! highways1 :]e !y met 9 ! =m ( a cross1 & to solit>y places1 & t :5 any bad woman wi%$ to absolve h]self ( h] s9s1 %e w5t alone by night to ^! places1 & took (f h] g>m5ts & sacrific$ !re ) h] tongue 7t is1 drew blood f h] tongue71 & left ! clo!s :i* %e _h c>ri$ & return$ nak$ z ! sign ( ! confession ( h] s9s40 ,! temples or %r9es ( ! ,ciuatete 7 situat$ at cross-roads1 ! c5tres ( ill-om5 ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,t !y _h a connection ) ! lightn+ is %[n by ! fact t cakes 9 ! %ape ( butt]flies & 8?und]-/ones0 7 (f]$ !m4 ,b !y 7 also connect$ ) baneful a/ral or a/rological influ5ces1 & are sev]al times allud$ to 9 ! ,int]pretative ,codices 9 ?is connection4 ,! seasons at :i* !y 7 mo/ pot5t = evil 7 ^? connect$ ) ! we/]n dep>tm5t ( ! tonalamatl1 ! five days :i* compose ! fir/ column ( ! ?ird qu>t] dispos$ 9 columns ( five memb]s1 ce mazatl1 ce quiauitl1 ce ozomatli1 ce calli1 ce quauhtli4 ,,app5dix ,,! ,,tonalamatl ,,& ,,! ,,sol> ,,cal5d> ,,! ,,tonalamatl ,a ,?or\gh k ( ! tonalamatl is ess5tial 9 ord] to grasp ! fundam5tals ( ,mexican religion1 b its significance has p]haps be5 height5$ by ! difficulties :i* c]ta9ly att5d its consid]ation4 ,i h endeav\r$ to pres5t ! subject "h z simply z possible1 & to keep all di/ract+ side-issues = lat] consid]ation & away f ! ma9 pro(4 ,mo/ ( ^!1 inde$1 h be5 creat$ by writ]s :o h too closely id5tifi$ ! tonalamatl ) ! sol> cal5d>1 & h add$ to ! obscurity ( ! subject by ! introduction ( ab/ruse a/ronomical hypo!ses :i* h only a problematical connection ) x4 #ccf ,! ^w tonalamatl means 8,book ( ! ,good & ,bad ,days10 & x is prim>ily a 8,book ( ,fate10 f :i* ! de/9y ( *ildr5 born on su* & su* a day1 or ! result ( any c\rse to be tak5 or any v5ture made on any giv5 day1 0 =eca/$ by div9atory me?ods1 simil> to ^? :i* h be5 employ$ by a/rolog]s 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w 9 all epo*s4 ,! tonalamatl 01 !re=e1 9 no s5se a "t-c\nt or cal5d> prop]1 to :i* purpose x 0 n well suit$2 b x 0 capable ( be+ adapt$ to ! sol> cal5d>4 ,x is equally incorrect to speak ( ! tonalamatl z a 8ritual cal5d>40 ,x has no?+ to d directly ) ritual or religi\s c]emonial1 & al?\gh c]ta9 repres5tations on "s tonalamatls depict ritual acts1 no details or directions = _! op]ation are suppli$4 ,! orig9al tonalamatl 0 probably a day-c\nt bas$ on a lun> reckon+4 ,! symbols appe> to h be5 ^? ( ! gods or o!r my?ological figures4 ,?us cipactli 0 m]ely ! e>?-mon/]1 quauhtli ! eagle1 a surrogate = ! ,sun-god1 & s on4 ,lat] ! tonalamatl lo/ its significance z a "t-c\nt :5 x 0 sup]s$$ z su* by ! sol> cal5d>4 ,x !n took on ! complexion ( a book ( augury1 s t ! temporal connection x _h ) ! gods 0 alt]$ to a purely augural "o4 ,! v>i\s days ?us became significant = good or evil accord+ to ! nature ( ! gods :o presid$ ov] !m1 or ov] ! precise h\r 9 :i* a subject 0 born or any act done4 ,z 9 a/rology1 a k9d ( balance 0 held betwe5 good & evil1 s t if ! god presid+ ov] ! day 0 inauspici\s1 8 influ5ce might1 9 "s measure1 be c\nt]act$ by t ( ! deity :o presid$ ov] ! h\r 9 :i* a *ild fir/ saw ! light or an ev5t occurr$4 ,,day-,,signs ,! tonalamatl 0 compos$ ( #bj day-signs or hi]oglyphs repeat$ #ac times1 or #bfj day-signs 9 all4 ,! orig9 ( ^! has already be5 treat$ ( by ,sel] 9 ,bullet9 #bh ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 pp4 #ch ff4 ,^! #bfj days 7 usually divid$ into #bj gr\ps ( #ac days ea*1 sometimes call$ 8weeks40 ,to effect ?is division ! numb]s #a to #ac 7 add$ to ! #bj day-signs 9 cont9u\s s]ies z foll[3 no4 "n4 sign4 #a cipactli crocodile #b eecatl w9d #c calli h\se #d cuetzpall9 liz>d #e coatl s]p5t #f miquiztli dea?'s-head #g mazatl de] #h to*tli rabbit #i atl wat] #aj itzcu9tli dog #aa ozomatli monkey #ab mal9alli grass #ac acatl re$ #a ocelotl ocelot #b quauhtli eagle #c cozcaquauhtli vulture #d oll9 motion #e tecpatl fl9t knife #f quiauitl ra9 #g xo*itl fl[] & s on4 ,x w be se5 f ?is li/ t ! f\rte5? day-sign takes ! numb] #a aga94 ,ea* ( ! day-signs "u ?is arrangem5t has a numb] t does n recur 9 connection ) t sign = a space ( #bfj days1 z is prov$ by ! circum/ance t ! numb]s #ccg ( ! day-signs & figures 7#bj to #ac71 if multipli$ toge!r1 give z a product #bfj1 ! exact numb] ( days 9 ! tonalamatl4 ,! comb9ation ( signs & figures ?us provid$ ea* day 9 ! tonalamatl ) an entirely di/9ct description4 ,= example3 ! fir/ day1 cipactli1 0 9 its fir/ occurr5ce #a cipactli2 9 its second #h cipactli2 9 its ?ird #b cipactli2 9 its f\r? #i cipactli1 & s on4 ,no day 9 ! tonalamatl 0 simply describ$ z cipactli1 coatl1 or calli1 & be=e its "n 0 complete x 0 necess>y to prefix to x "o ( ! numb]s f #a to #ac z its incid5ce *anc$ to fall4 ,?us x 0 designat$ z ce cipactli 7"o crocodile7 or ome coatl 7two snake7 z ! case might be4 ,ea* ( ! #bj gr\ps ( #ac days 7:i* are sometimes call$ 8weeks07 0 kn[n z a division by ! "n ( ! fir/ day ( ! gr\p1 z ce cipactli 7"o crocodile71 ce ocelotl 7"o ocelot71 ce mazatl 7"o de]71 & s on4 ,a model tonalamatl w\ld ?us h appe>$ z foll[s3 ,ce ,cipactli 7#a7 cipactli 7#b7 eecatl 7#c7 calli 7#d7 cuetzpall9 7#e7 coatl 7#f7 miquiztli 7#g7 mazatl 7#h7 to*tli 7#i7 atl 7#aj7 itzcu9tli 7#aa7 ocomatli 7#ab7 mal9alli 7#ac7 acatl4 ,ce ,ocelotl 7#a7 ocelotl 7#b7 quauhtli 7#c7 cozcaquauhtli 7#d7 oll9 7#e7 tecpatl 7#f7 quiauitl 7#g7 xo*itl 7#h7 cipactli 7#i7 eecatl 7#aj7 calli 7#aa7 cuetzpall9 7#ab7 coatl 7#ac7 miquiztli ,ce ,mazatl 7#a7 mazatl 7#b7 to*tli 7#c7 atl 7#d7 itzcu9tli 7#e7 ocomatli 7#f7 mal9alli 7#g7 acatl 7#h7 ocelotl 7#i7 quauhtli 7#aj7 cozcaquauhtli 7#aa7 oll9 7#ab7 tecpatl 7#ac7 quiauitl ,ce ,xo*itl 7#a7 xo*itl 7#b7 cipactli 7#c7 eecatl 7#d7 calli 7#e7 cuetzpall9 7#f7 coatl 7#g7 miquiztli 7#h7 mazatl 7#i7 to*tli 7#aj7 atl 7#aa7 itzcu9tli 7#ab7 ocomatli 7#ac7 mal9alli ,ce ,acatl 7#a7 acatl 7#b7 ocelotl 7#c7 quauhtli 7#d7 cozcaquauhtli 7#e7 oll9 7#f7 tecpatl 7#g7 quiauitl 7#h7 xo*itl 7#i7 cipactli 7#aj7 eecatl 7#aa7 calli 7#ab7 cuetzpall9 7#ac7 coatl ,ce ,miquiztli 7#a7 miquiztli 7#b7 mazatl 7#c7 to*tli 7#d7 atl 7#e7 itzcu9tli 7#f7 ocomatli 7#g7 mal9alli 7#h7 acatl 7#i7 ocelotl 7#aj7 quauhtli 7#aa7 cozcaquauhtli 7#ab7 oll9 7#ac7 tecpatl ,ce ,quiauitl 7#a7 quiauitl 7#b7 xo*itl 7#c7 cipactli 7#d7 eecatl 7#e7 calli 7#f7 cuetzpall9 7#g7 coatl 7#h7 miquiztli 7#i7 mazatl 7#aj7 to*tli 7#aa7 atl 7#ab7 itzcu9tli 7#ac7 ocomatli ,ce ,mal9alli 7#a7 mal9alli 7#b7 acatl 7#c7 ocelotl 7#d7 quauhtli 7#e7 cozcaquauhtli 7#f7 oll9 7#g7 tecpatl 7#h7 quiauitl 7#i7 xo*itl 7#aj7 cipactli 7#aa7 eecatl 7#ab7 calli 7#ac7 cuetzpall9 ,ce ,coatl 7#a7 coatl 7#b7 miquiztli 7#c7 mazatl 7#d7 to*tli 7#e7 atl 7#f7 itzcu9tli 7#g7 ocomatli 7#h7 mal9alli 7#i7 acatl 7#aj7 ocelotl 7#aa7 quauhtli 7#ab7 cozcaquauhtli 7#ac7 oll9 ,ce ,tecpatl 7#a7 tecpatl 7#b7 quiauitl 7#c7 xo*itl 7#d7 cipactli 7#e7 eecatl 7#f7 calli 7#g7 cuetzpall9 7#h7 coatl 7#i7 miquiztli 7#aj7 mazatl 7#aa7 to*tli 7#ab7 atl 7#ac7 itzcu9tli ,ce ,ozomatli 7#a7 ozomatli 7#b7 mal9alli 7#c7 acatl 7#d7 ocelotl 7#e7 quauhtli 7#f7 cozcaquauhtli 7#g7 oll9 7#h7 tecpatl 7#i7 quiauitl 7#aj7 xo*itl 7#aa7 cipactli 7#ab7 eecatl 7#ac7 calli ,ce ,cuetzpall9 7#a7 cuetzpall9 7#b7 coatl 7#c7 miquiztli 7#d7 mazatl 7#f7 to*tli 7#f7 atl 7#g7 itzcu9tli 7#h7 ocomatli 7#i7 mal9alli 7#aj7 acatl 7#aa7 ocelotl 7#ab7 quauhtli 7#ac7 cozcaquauhtli ,ce ,oll9 7#a7 oll9 7#b7 tecpatl 7#c7 quiauitl 7#d7 xo*itl 7#e7 cipactli 7#f7 eecatl 7#g7 calli 7#h7 cuetzpall9 7#i7 coatl 7#aj7 miquiztli 7#aa7 mazatl 7#ab7 to*tli 7#ac7 atl ,ce ,itzcu9tli 7#a7 itzcu9tli 7#b7 ocomatli 7#c7 mal9alli 7#d7 acatl 7#e7 ocelotl 7#f7 quauhtli 7#g7 cozcaquauhtli 7#h7 oll9 7#i7 tecpatl 7#aj7 quiauitl 7#aa7 xo*itl 7#ab7 cipactli 7#ac7 eecatl ,ce ,calli 7#a7 calli 7#b7 cuetzpall9 7#c7 coatl 7#d7 miquiztli 7#e7 mazatl 7#f7 to*tli 7#g7 atl 7#h7 itzcu9tli 7#i7 ocomatli 7#aj7 mal9alli 7#aa7 acatl 7#ab7 ocelotl 7#ac7 quauhtli ,ce ,cozcaquauhtli 7#a7 cozcaquauhtli 7#b7 oll9 7#c7 tecpatl 7#d7 quiauitl 7#e7 xo*itl 7#f7 cipactli 7#g7 eecatl 7#h7 calli 7#i7 cuetzpall9 7#aj7 coatl 7#aa7 miquiztli 7#ab7 mazatl 7#ac7 to*tli ,ce ,atl 7#a7 atl 7#b7 itzcu9tli 7#c7 ocomatli 7#d7 mal9alli 7#e7 acatl 7#f7 ocelotl 7#g7 quauhtli 7#h7 cozcaquauhtli 7#i7 oll9 7#aj7 tecpatl 7#aa7 quiauitl 7#ab7 xo*itl 7#ac7 cipactli ,ce ,eecatl 7#a7 eecatl 7#b7 calli 7#c7 cuetzpall9 7#d7 coatl 7#e7 miquiztli 7#f7 mazatl 7#g7 to*tli 7#h7 atl 7#i7 itzcu9tli 7#aj7 ocomatli 7#aa7 mal9alli 7#ab7 acatl 7#ac7 ocelotl ,ce ,quauhtli 7#a7 quauhtli 7#b7 cozcaquauhtli 7#c7 oll9 7#d7 tecpatl 7#e7 quiauitl 7#f7 xo*itl 7#g7 cipactli 7#h7 eecatl 7#i7 calli 7#aj7 cuetzpall9 7#aa7 coatl 7#ab7 miquiztli 7#ac7 mazatl ,ce ,to*tli 7#a7 to*tli 7#b7 atl 7#c7 itzcu9tli 7#d7 ocomatl 7#e7 mal9alli 7#f7 acatl 7#g7 ocelotl 7#h7 quauhtli 7#i7 cozcaquauhtli 7#aj7 oll9 7#aa7 tecpatl 7#ab7 quiauitl 7#ac7 xo*itl ,,! ,,day-,,gods ,ea* ( ! day-signs ( ! tonalamatl 0 presid$ ov] by a god :o 0 suppos$ to ex]cise a special influ5ce ov] x4 ,^! patron gods 7 z foll[3 ,day-sign ,patron ,god ,cipactli ,tonacatecutli ,eecatl ,quetzalcoatl ,calli ,tepeyollotl ,cuetzpall9 ,ueuecoyotl ,coatl ,*al*ihuitlicue ,miquiztli ,tecciztecatl ,mazatl ,tlaloc ,to*tli ,mayauel ,atl ,xiuhtecutli ,itzcu9tli ,mictlantecutli ,ozomatli ,xo*ipilli ,mal9alli ,patecatl ,acatl ,tezcatlipoc 7or v>iant7 ,ocelotl ,tlazolteotl ,quauhtli ,xipe ,cozcaquauhtli ,itzpapalotl ,ol9 ,xolotl ,tecpatl ,tezcatlipoc 7or v>iant7 ,quiauitl ,*antico ,xo*itl ,xo*iquetzal ,!re are slight div]g5cies f ! /&>d li/ 9 "s ( ! codices1 b su* are usually acc\nt$ = by ! int]polation ( v>iant phases ( ! deities giv54 ,illu/rations ( ^! signs w be f\nd 9 ! sev]al codices4 ,,gods ,,( ,,! 8,,weeks0 ,ea* ( ! #bj tonalamatl divisions1 or 8weeks0 ( #ac days ea*1 z !y are sometimes errone\sly b usefully designat$1 _h also a patron god ( its own :i* rul$ ov] its =tunes4 ,! initial days ( ^! 8weeks0 gave ! "n to ! entire 8week10 !re=e ! designation ( ! #bj weeks 0 ! same z t ( ! #bj day-signs2 b ! 8weeks10 or r ! week-names1 did n foll[ ea* o!r 9 ! same incid5ce z ! days1 z w be se5 f ! =ego+ table4 ,! patron gods ( ! #bj weeks 71 h[ev]1 ! same z ^? ( ! #bj days1 ) ?is exception1 t :]eas ! gods ( ! fir/ #aj day-signs 7 tak5 also z ! rul]s ( ! fir/ t5 weeks1 #cch ! god ( ! elev5? day1 ,xo*ipilli1 0 all[$ to drop out1 ! god ( ! twelf? day1 ,patecatl1 tak+ 8 place1 ! god ( ! ?irte5? day tak+ ! twelf? place1 & s on1 ! defici5cy 9 ! tw5tie? place be+ made up by adopt+ ,itztli & ,xiuhtecutli z jo9t gods ( ! tw5tie? 8week40 ,! li/ ( gods ( ! 8weeks0 w\ld ?us be z foll[s3 #a ,ce cipactli ,tonacatecutli #b ,ce ocelotl ,quetzalcoatl #c ,ce mazatl ,tepeyollotl #d ,ce xo*itl ,ueuecoyotl #e ,ce acatl ,*al*ihuitlicue #f ,ce miquiztli ,tecciztecatl #g ,ce quiauitl ,tlaloc #h ,ce mal9alli ,mayauel #i ,ce coatl ,xiuhtecutli #aj ,ce tecpatl ,mictlantecutli #aa ,ce ozomatli ,patecatl #ab ,ce quetzpall9 ,itzlacoliuhqui #ac ,ce oll9 ,tlazolteotl #ad ,ce itzcu9tli ,xipe ,totec #ae ,ce calli ,itzpapalotl #af ,ce cozcaquauhtli ,xolotl #ag ,ce atl ,*al*iuhtotol9 #ah ,ce eecatl ,*antico #ai ,ce quauhtli ,xo*iquetzal #bj ,ce to*tli ,xiuhtecutli & ,itztli 8,,lords ,,( ,,! ,,night0 ,besides ! patron gods ( ! days & ! weeks !re 7 n9e 8,lords ( ! ,night10 :i*1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k ) ,sel]1 7 n 8lords0 or gov]nors ( n9e consecutive nights1 b ( n9e h\rs ( ea* night4 ,p]haps ! be/ example ( ^! is 9 ! tonalamatl ( ! ,aub9 collection1 :]e !y are display$ 9 cont9u\s & unbrok5 squ>es 9 ! same small1 squ>e comp>tm5ts z ! day-signs & ciph]s1 & occupy ! ?ird & second la/ v]tical r[ ( ! upp] & ! ?ird cross-r[ ( ! l[] half4 ,9 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis & ,codex ,vaticanus ,a !y =m a special s]ies above or else fac+ ! day-signs4 ,we also f9d !m display$ on %eet #ad ( ,codex ,borgia1 on %eets #ai-bc ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 & on %eets #b-d ( ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4 ,we "k ! names ( ^! gods f ! fir/ int]pret] ( ,codex ,vaticanus ,a1 :o gives !m z foll[s1 ) _! influ5ces3 #a ,xiuhtecutli ,good #b ,itztli ,bad #c ,piltz9tecutli ,good #d ,c5teotl ,indiff]5t #e ,mictlantecutli ,bad #f ,*al*ihuitlicue ,indiff]5t #g ,tlazolteotl ,bad #h ,tepeyollotl ,good #i ,tlaloc ,indiff]5t ,gama describes ^! n9e gods z ,acompaados 7,companions7 & z ,seores de la ,no*e 7,lords ( ! ,night71 & f 8 obscure r5d]+ ( ,cri/oval de ,ca/illo1 z well z f ! ,manuel de ,m9i/ros de ,indios ( ,jac9to de la ,s]na1 we ga!r t !y held sway ov] ! night f sunset to sunrise4 ,! ,mexicans divid$ ! night into n9e h\rs1 & x is obvi\s f ! a/rological po9t ( view t ! ,mexican soo?say]s :o us$ ! tonalamatl mu/ h f\nd x necess>y to e/imate n only ! 8fate0 ( ! sev]al days1 b also t ( ! sev]al h\rs & times ( ! day & night4 #cci ,,! ,,lords ,,( ,,! ,,day-,,h\rs ,?is ( c\rse applies ) equal =ce to ! ?irte5 s-call$ 8,lords ( ! ,day10 :o almo/ c]ta9ly act$ z gods ( ! ?irte5 h\rs ( ! day4 ,!y 7 #cdj3 #a ,xiuhtecutli #b ,tlaltecutli #c ,*al*ihuitlicue #d ,tonatiuh #e ,tlazolteotl #f ,teoyaomiqui #g ,xo*ipilli #h ,tlaloc #i ,quetzalcoatl #aj ,tezcatlipoc #aa ,mictlantecutli #ab ,tlauizcalpantecutli #ac ,ilamatecutli ,sel]1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,aub9 ,tonalamatl1 gives ! foll[+ table ( ! gods ( ! night & day h\rs3 7,noon7 #g4 ,xo*ipilli-,c9teotl #f4 ,teoyaomiqui #h4 ,tlaloc #e4 ,tlacolteotl #i4 ,quetzalcoatl #d4 ,tonatiuh #aj4 ,tezcatlipoc #c4 ,*al*iuhtlicue 7,day7 #aa4 ,mictlantecutli #b4 ,tlaltecutli #ab4 ,tlauizcalpantecutli #a4 ,xiuhtecutli #ac4 ,ilamatecutli ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,ix4 ,tlaloc ,i4 ,xiuhtecutli ,,viii4 ,tepeyollotl 7,night7 ,,ii4 ,itztli ,,vii4 ,tlacolteotl ,,iii4 ,piltz9tecutli-,tonatiuh ,,vi4 ,*al*ihuitlicue ,,iv4 ,c9teotl ,v4 ,mictlantecutli 7,midnight7 ,?is ca/s light on ! me?od ( augury ( ! prie/s4 ,?us ! h\r ( noon 0 auspici\s because x 0 connect$ ) ! my/ic numb] #g1 & #i 0 a numb] ( good augury ) sorc]]s because x gave ! numb] ( ! und]worlds & ( ! night-h\rs4 #cda ,,tonalamatl ,,fe/ivals ,al?\gh ! tonalamatl has be5 call$ ! 8ritual cal5d>10 mo/ ( ! fea/-days !oretically ve/$ 9 ! 8mon?s0 ( ! sol> cal5d> & 7 call$ aft] !m2 b c]ta9 ( ! fe/ivals appe> to h be5 connect$ ) ! tonalamatl1 to h ve/$ 9 x1 s to speak4 ,we "k ^! by _! names1 z !y are call$ aft] ! sev]al tonalamatl dates on :i* !y fall4 ,?us a fe/ival tak+ ! "n ( a day-sign !oretically belongs to ! tonalamatl1 & "o call$ aft] a mon?-"n to ! sol> cal5d> prop]4 ,moreov]1 ! =m] 7 kn[n z 8movable10 ! latt] z 8fix$10 fea/s4 ,occasionally ^! cla%$1 z ,sahagun /ates1 ) ! result t ! tonalamatl fea/s usurp$ ! place ( ! cal5d> celebrations4 #cdb ,,recapitulation ,recapitulat+1 we f9d3 #a4 ,t ! tonalamatl 0 a 8,book ( ,fate10 & n 9 itself a cal5d> or "t-c\nt4 #b4 ,t x 0 compos$ ( #bj day-signs1 repeat$ #ac times1 or #bfj day-signs 9 all4 #c4 ,t ^! 7 usually divid$ into #bj gr\ps ( #ac days ea*1 errone\sly b usefully call$ 8weeks40 ,! initial days ( ^! 8weeks0 gave ! "n to ! entire 8week40 #d4 ,to effect ?is division ! numb]s #a to #ac 7 add$ to ! #bj day-signs 9 cont9u\s s]ies4 #e4 ,t by ?is arrangem5t ea* day-sign _h a numb] t did n recur 9 connection ) t sign = a space ( #bfj days4 #f4 ,t ! "n ( a day-sign 9 ! tonalamatl 0 n complete )\t its accompany+ numb]4 #g4 ,ea* ( ! day-signs ( ! tonalamatl 0 presid$ ov] by a god :o 0 suppos$ to ex]cise a special influ5ce ov] x4 7,see li/47 ,ea* ( ! #bj tonalamatl divisions or 8weeks0 _h also a patron god ( its own4 7,see li/47 #h4 ,besides ! patron gods ( ! days & 8weeks0 !re 73 7a7 ,n9e 8lords0 or patron gods ( ! night-h\rs4 7b7 ,?irte5 8lords0 ( ! day-h\rs4 ,,! ,,tonalamatl ,,& ,,! ,,sol> ,,cal5d> ,x w be ask$3 8,9 :at mann] did ! soo?say]s reconcile ! days ( ! tonalamatl ) ^? ( ! cal5d>80 ,by :at me?od did !y f9d su* & su* a day 9 ! tonalamatl 9 ! tonalpohualli1 or sol> cal5d>8 ,h[ 0 ! "o adju/$ to ! o!r8 ,9 ord] to reply cle>ly to ?is "q1 x w fir/ be necess>y to describe briefly ! nature ( ! ,mexican sol> cal5d> or "t-c\nt prop]4 ,! ,mexican sol> ye> consi/$ ( #cfe days1 divid$ into #ah p]iods ( #bj days ea*1 call$ cempohualli1 or 8mon?s10 & "o p]iod ( #e days1 kn[n z nemontemi1 or 8useless0 or 8unlucky0 days4 ,! ,cempohualli4--,! names ( ! #ah cempohualli1 or 8mon?s10 7 #cdc3 ,mon? ,seasonal ,"* ,presid+ ,god ,atlacahualco ,ceas+ ( ra9 ,tlaloqu ,tlacaxipeuliztli ,se$ "t ,xipe ,tozoztontli ,ra9 desir$ ,tlaloqu ,ueitozoztli ,wor%ip ( new maize ,*icomecoatl ,toxcatl ,comm5cem5t ( ra9y ,uitzilopo*tli & season ,tezcatlipoc ,etzalqualiztli ,ra9 desir$ ,tlaloc ,tecuilhuitontli ,ra9 desir$ ,uixtociuatl ,ueitecuilhuitl ,adoration ( ! rip5+ ,xilon5 maize ,tlaxo*imaco ,fir/-fl[]+ ,uitzilopo*tli ,xocohuetzi ,heat = rip5+ ,xiuhtecutli ,o*paniztli ,refre%m5t ( ! ,tlazolteotl ,e>?-"m ,teotleco ,return ( ! gods f ,tezcatlipoc re/ ,tepeilhuitl ,ra9 ,tlaloc ,que*olli ,ra9 ,mixcoatl ,panquetzaliztli ,w9t] sol/ice ,uitzilopo*tli ,atemoztli ,ra9 ,tlaloqu ,tititl ,! season ( s]5ess ,ilamatecutli ,izcalli ,toa/+ ( ! corn supply ,xiuhtecutli ,eight out ( eighte5 ( ^! fe/ivals are ?us connect$ ) ! appeal = ra91 or ! celebration ( its appe>ance4 ,! rema9d] celebrate ! gr[? ( ! maize 9 its v>i\s /ages1 rejoice at ! appe>ance ( ^! blossoms :i* 7 s de> to ! ,mexican he>t1 are held 9 hon\r ( ! ,e>?-"m1 or m>k ! sol/ices4 ,to ! comb9ation ( ! tonalamatl & ! sol> cal5d> ! tonalamatl contribut$ ! names ( ! days1 & ! sol> cal5d> ! divisions ( ! ye> 9 :i* ! days f\nd positions4 ,! tonalamatl & ! sol> ye> ?us w5t side by side1 ea* recomm5c+ :5ev] x rea*$ its own limits4 ,! days 9 ! sol> ye> 7 kn[n by ! names ( ! days 9 ! tonalamatl :i* 7 affix$ to !m4 ,?us x is pla9 t #aje ( ! #bfj tonalamatl day-names _h to be repeat$ 9 ! sol> ye> ( #cfe days4 ,,names ,,( ,,! ,,ye>s ,! ye> 0 kn[n by ! tonalamatl sign ( ! day ) :i* x began4 ,z !re 7 #bj day-signs1 & #e1 ! lea/ common multiple ( #cfe & #bj1 goes into #bj exactly #d times1 ! ye> c\ld beg9 ) "o ( ! f\r signs only4 ,^! 7 ,acatl1 ,tecpatl1 ,calli1 ,to*tli4 ,ea* mon? ( a giv5 ye> began ) ! same tonalamatl day-sign4 ,! #bj day-signs always occupi$ ! same position 9 all ! mon?s ( a giv5 ye>1 z !re 7 #bj days 9 a ,mexican mon?4 ,b s9ce ! la/ mon? 0 foll[$ by ! #e nemontemi1 or 8unlucky0 days1 x foll[s t ea* ye> began ) a day-sign five days lat] ?an ! la/4 ,also1 s9ce #cfe1 ! numb] ( days 9 a ye>1 is divisible by #ac ) #a z rema9d]1 x foll[s t ea* ye> began ) a day-numb] "o 9 advance ( ! la/4 ,! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> co9cid$ ) ! comm5cem5t ( ! tonalamatl once 9 f\r ye>s4 ,,! ,,cal5d> ,,r\nd ,fifty-two ye>s made up :at has be5 call$ by mod]n /ud5ts ! ,cal5d> ,r\nd1 & by ! ,mexicans 0 kn[n z xiuhmolpilli or toxiuhmolpio1 8ye> bundle0 or 8our ye>s w be b\nd40 ,! ,mexicans1 diff]+ 9 ?is f ! ,maya1 nev] progress$ beyond ! ,cal5d> ,r\nd 9 ! developm5t ( _! *ronological sy/em1 z is prov$ by ! fact t dates ( precisely ! same designation occurr$ at int]vals ( e #eb ye>s4 ,! f\r signs :i* alone might comm5ce ! ye>--acatl 7re$71 tecpatl 7fl9t71 calli 7h\se71 to*tli 7rabbit71 took ! numb]s #a to #ac cont9u\sly4 ,! numb]+ ( ! ye>s ?us provid$ t e "o ( ! #eb ye>s ( ! xiuhmolpilli 7or ,cal5d> ,r\nd7 0 di/+ui%$ f e o!r4 ,! :ole cycle ( #eb ye>s 0 ?us divid$ into f\r qu>t]s ( #ac ye>s ea*4 ,^! ye>-names 7 ea* ref]r$ to a p>ticul> qu>t] ( ! heav5s1 ! acatl ye>s to ! ea/1 tecpatl to ! nor?1 calli to ! we/1 & to*tli to ! s\?4 ,! computation began 9 ! ea/ ) ! acatl ye>s1 /rangely en\gh ) #b acatl1 ! cycle ?us clos+ ) #a to*tli4 ,! ,aztecs believ$ t ! curr5t epo* _h begun ) ! ye> #a to*tli1 = x 0 9 ?is p]iod t ! _w _h und]gone recon/ruction4 ,n until ?is 0 complet$ c\ld ! fir/ cycle ( #eb ye>s be begun4 ,!re=e #b acatl is ! op5+ ye> ( ! fir/ & ( all foll[+ cycles1 & is usually repres5t$ by ! picture ( a fire-drill4 ,! ye>s _h also col\rs & patron gods ( _! own z foll[s3 acatl--yell[ 7gods ,tonatiuh & ,itztli72 tecpatl--r$ 7god ,mictlantecutli72 calli--blue 7e>?-goddesses72 to*tli--:ite 7,tlaloc74 ,arrang$ 9 tabul> =m1 ?is w\ld appe> z foll[s3 ,ye>-"n ,direction ,col\r ,patron ,god ,acatl ,ea/ ,yell[ ,tonatiuh & ,itztli ,tecpatl ,nor? ,r$ ,mictlantecutli ,calli ,we/ ,blue ,e>?-goddesses ,to*tli ,s\? ,:ite ,tlaloc ,,! ,,nemontemi ,! five nemontemi1 or 8useless0 days1 7 evid5tly a lat] int]polation1 introduc$ at a p]iod :5 x 0 discov]$ t an orig9al "t-c\nt ( #cfj days did n fulfil ! sol> r\nd4 ,!y 7 c\nt$ & di/+ui%$1 h[ev]1 9 precisely ! same mann] z ! o!r days1 t is ! num]als & hi]oglyphs ( ! tonalamatl 7 adju/$ to !m z well z to ! re/1 except t !y _h no 8lords0 or rul]s ( day or night4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ z mo/ unlucky & no bus9ess ( any k9d 0 transact$ ^u !m1 only ! mo/ necess>y (fices ( life be+ und]tak5 :il/ !y la/$4 ,!y are 9 no s5se to be reg>d$ z int]cal>y days1 =1 despite classical /atem5ts to ! contr>y1 ! ,mexicans 7 ignorant ( ! me?ods ( *ronological int]calation1 & a /udy ( ! tonalamatl w %[ t ! introduction ( any int]cal>y p]iod w\ld r5d] x nugatory & de/roy t ability to return into itself :i* is "o ( its *ief *>act]i/ics4 ,^! nemontemi did n always fall 9 ! same p]iod ( ! sol> ye>1 b 7 sometimes plac$ be=e ,quaitleloa1 n[ be=e ,tititl1 n[ be=e ,atemoztli1 or else:]e1 z ! prie/ly au?orities decid$4 ,= ! ,mexican ye> ( #cfe days 0 %ort ( ! true sol> ye> by six h\rs & "s m9utes1 !re=e 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s ! fe/ivals became displac$ & _! *ronological revision & balance became necess>y & c\ld be effect$ by ! %ift+ ( ! nemontemi4 ,,! ,,v5us ,,p]iod ,to ,fr/emann & ,sel] is due ! discov]y t ! ,mexicans possess$ a sy/em ( comput+ "t bas$ ^u ! synodic revolution ( ! planet ,v5us4 ,! ,v5us p]iod or 8ye>0 compris$ #ehd days4 ,x w\ld seem z if ! ,maya & ,mexicans _h /riv5 to discov] a common measure = ! numb]s #ehd1 #cfe1 & #bfj4 ,five synodical revolutions ( ,v5us are equival5t to eight sol> ye>s 7#e #ehd7 #b1ibj 7#h #cfe71 b ! numb] #b1ibj is n divisible by #bfj1 ! numb] ( days 9 ! tonalamatl4 ,any accord betwe5 ! two p]iods is n possible until ! sum ( #ajd ye>s is rea*$1 t is to say1 #fe ,v5us p]iods are equal to #adf tonalamatl p]iods bo? ( :i* conta9 #cg1ifj days4 ,l ! tonalamatl1 ! ,v5us p]iod 0 productive ( sac]dotal speculation1 comm5c+ ) ! day cipactli4 ,at ! end ( six p]iods ! ,v5us 8ye>0 recomm5c$ ) ! same sign affect$ by a diff]5t figure4 ,at ! end ( ?irte5 p]iods ! sign diff]$1 b ! figure 0 ! same4 ,! "q has be5 le>n$ly discuss$ 9 its entirety by ,sel]1 to ^: "w ! read] is ref]r$4 #cdd ,,%ort ,,bibliography ,,( ,,works ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,tonalamatl ,bullet9 #bh ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology has sev]al pap]s by ,sel] & ,fr/emann on ! tonalamatl4 ,morley1 8,an ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,maya ,hi]oglyphs0 7,bullet9 #eg ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology74 7,wa%+ton1 #aiae47 ,b[dit*1 ,maya ,num]ation1 ,cal5d> & ,a/ronomy4 7,cambridge1 ,mass41 #aiaj47 ,payne1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,new ,_w1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #caj-ccb4 ,! beg9n] is /rongly advis$ to p]use ^! works be=e approa*+ ! subject 9 ! pages ( ! old] ,spani% writ]s1 mo/ ( :om possess$ v hazy notions reg>d+ x4 ,by f> ! be/ textbook is t ( ,morley1 :o1 al?\gh deal+ ) ! ,maya cal5d> at mu* great] l5g?1 writes ) great cl>ity ^u ! ,mexican sy/em1 :i* is inde$ id5tical ) ! ,maya tonalamatl 9 its simpl] manife/ations4 ,b[dit*'s book is m = advanc$ /ud5ts ( ! ,maya hi]oglyphical sy/em1 ! s5ior wrangl]s ( ! subject1 s to speak4 ,b 9 places he dwells ^u ! ,mexican tonalamatl 9 an illum9at+ & sugge/ive mann]4 ,! pap]s ( ,sel] & o!r ,g]man writ]s on ! tonalamatl1 al?\gh mo/ valuable1 by no means possess ! admirable cl>ity & simplicity ( ,morley's invaluable essay4 ,a good %ort article on ! cal5d> is t ( ,dr4 ,preuss 9 ,dr4 ,ha/+s' ,encyclopdia ( ,religion & ,e?ics1 vol4 iii1 pp4 #abd ff4 ,a useful essay on ! tonalamatl is t ( de ,jonghe1 8,d] alt-mexikanis*e ,kal5d>10 9 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 #aijf2 & 9 ! ,j\rnal des ,amricani/es de ,p>is1 ,new ,s]ies1 vol4 iii 7,p>is1 #aijf71 pp4 #aig-bbh4 ,a ,,bibliography ,,( ,,mexican ,,religion ,! works conta9$ 9 ?is bibliography are includ$ because !y ref] to ! religion ( anci5t ,mexico4 ,x mu/ be di/9ctly und]/ood t x does n aim at provid+ a compreh5sive li/ ( works on ,mexican hi/ory or ar*ology or on ! religion ( ! ,maya4 ,x is believ$ t no "w ( importance1 old or new1 :i* deals ) ,mexican religion has be5 omitt$4 ,! books conta9$ 9 ! fir/ "p are arrang$ 9 accordance ) an e/imate ( _! degree ( importance to ! /ud5t4 ,^? 9 ! second "p are alphabetically arrang$4 ,! bibliography at ! end ( ! app5dix on ! ,tonalamatl %\ld also be consult$4 ,,"p ,i 7,works writt5 by ! e>li] ,spani% au?ors7 ,b]n>d9o de ,sahagun1 ,hi/oria ,univ]sal de ,nueva-,espaa4 7,mexico1 #ahbi2 ,london1 #ahcj--;9 vol4 vi ( ,"l ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities ( ,mexico47 ,fr5* translation by ,j\rdanet & ,simon 7,p>is1 #ahhj74 ,j4 ,torquemada1 ,mon>quia ,indiana4 7,madrid1 #agbc47 ,torribio de ,b5av5te 7,motol9ia71 ,hi/oria de los ,indios de ,nueva-,espaa4 ,9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities ( ,mexico1 vol4 ix1 pp4 #dfi ff42 see also ,l4 ,g4 ,pim5tel1 ,memoriales de ,fray ,torribio de ,motol9ia 7,p>is1 #aijc71 :i* conta9s mat]ials n 9 ! ,hi/oria4 ,see also ,icazbalceta4 ,f]n&o de ,alva ,ixtlilxo*itl1 ,relaciones1 9 vol4 ix ( ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities ( ,mexico 7,london1 #ahcj-ahdh74 ,edit$ by ,alfr$o ,*av]o 7,mexico1 #ahia72 ,hi/oria ,*i*imeca1 9 vol4 ix ( ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities ( ,mexico4 ,edit$ by ,*av]o 7,mexico1 #ahib74 ,diego ,muoz ,cam>go1 ,hi/oria de ,tlascala4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,*av]o4 7,mexico1 #ahib47 ,francesco ,sav]io ,clavig]o1 ,/oria ,antico del ,mexico4 7,ces5a1 #aghj47 ,engli% translation by ,*>les ,cull51 #b vols4 7,london1 #aghg47 ,lor5zo ,botur9i ,b5aduci1 ,idea de una ,nueva ,hi/oria ,g5]al de la ,am]ica ,sept5trional4 7,madrid1 #agdf47 ,antonio de ,h]r]a1 ,hi/oria ,g5]al de los ,indios ,occid5tales 7#afja-afae1 #e vols4 folio2 ,madrid1 #agbh-agcj74 ,engli% translation by ,/ev5s 7,london1 #agbe-agbf--;consid]ably abridg$74 ,jos de ,aco/a1 ,hi/oria ,natural y ,moral de ,las ,yndias4 7,seville1 #aehj47 ,engli% translation 9 ,pur*as 8 ,pilgrimes4 ,francisco ,lopez de ,gom>a1 ,cronica de la ,nueva-,espaa4 7,m$9a1 #aeec2 ,antw]p1 #aeed2 ,mexico1 #ahcf47 ,engli% translation1 ,! ,pleasant ,hi/ory ( ! ,conque/ ( ! ,we/ ,indies4 7,london1 #aegh47 ,antonio ,leon y ,gama1 ,descripcion de las ,dos ,pi$ros4 7,mexico1 #agib47 ,gonzalo ,h]n&ez de ,ovi$o y ,valdes1 ,hi/oria ,g5]al y ,natural de las ,indias ,occid5tales4 7#aece1 vol4 i only47 7,madrid1 #ahea-ahee1 #d vols47 ,jac9to de la ,s]na1 ,manuel de ,m9i/ros de ,indios p>a el ,conocimi5to de sus ,idolatrias1 y ,extirpacion de ,ellas4 7,madrid1 #ahib47 ,augu/9 ,vetancurt1 ,teatro ,mexicana4 7,mexico1 #afig2 #ahgj-ahga47 ,m4 ,f4 de ,e41 ,veytia1 ,hi/oria ,antigua de ,mejico4 7,mexico1 #ahcf47 7,p>tly 9 ,k+sbor\gh1 vol4 viii47 ,!re may also be consult$3 ,b4 de ,las ,casas1 ,hi/oria de las ,indias4 ,! be/ edition is t ( ,madrid 7#e vols41 #ahge-ahgf74 ,b]nal ,diaz del ,ca/illo1 ,hi/oria ,v]dad]a de la ,conqui/a de ,nueva-,espaa4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,p4 ,maudslay z ,! ,true ,hi/ory ( ! ,conque/ ( ,mexico4 7,hakluyt ,society1 ,london1 #aijh47 ,x gives b little in=mation reg>d+ ,mexican religion4 ,h]nan ,cortz1 ,c>tas de ,relacion4 ,engli% translation by ,f4 ,a4 ,mac,nutt "u ! title ( ,! ,five ,lett]s ( ,cortz to ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 7,new ,york1 #aijh47 ,a4 ,tezozomoc1 ,cronica ,mexicana1 9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities ( ,mexico1 vol4 vii1 conta9s mu* valuable my?ical mat]ial2 also edit$ by ,orozco y ,b]ra4 7,mexico1 #ahgh47 ,duran1 ,hi/oria de las ,indias 7ed4 ,ramirez1 #b vols41 ,mexico1 #ahfg-ahhj74 ,x is full1 valuable1 & sometimes indisp5sable4 ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas1 9 ,annals ( ! ,mexican ,museum1 vol4 ii4 ,translat$ by ,t4 ,phillips1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 vol4 xxi4 ,annales de ,san ,anton1 ,muon ,*imalpah94 7,p>is1 #ahhi1 translat$ by ,r4 ,simon47 ,( consid]able use z reg>ds my?4 ,anales de ,quauhtitlan 7or ,codex ,*imalpopoc7 9 ,anales del ,museo ,nacional de ,mexico1 end ( tom4 iii4 ,!vet1 8,hi/oire de ,me*yque0 79 ,j\rn4 ,soc4 ,am]4 de ,p>is1 #aije1 pp4 #a-da74 ,g4 de ,m5dieta1 ,hi/oria ,ecclesia/ica ,indiana4 7,icazbalceta1 ,mexico1 #ahgj47 ,g4 ,icazbalceta1 ,nueva ,coleccion de docum5tos p>a la hi/oria de ,mexico 7,mexico1 s]ies i1 vol4 i1 #aheh2 vol4 ii1 #ahff2 s]ies ii1 ,mexico1 #ahhf-ahib74 ,! fir/ volume ( s]ies i conta9s ,motol9ia's ,hi/4 de los ,indios1 & ! ?ird volume ( ! second s]ies ! "w ( ,pom> y ,zurita4 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,voyages1 ,relations et ,mmoires orig9aux p\r s]vir l'hi/oire de la dc\v]te de l',amrique4 7,p>is1 #ahcg-ahda1 #bj vols47 ,?is conta9s ,m5dieta1 ,tezozomoc1 ,ixtlilxo*itl1 ,cam>go1 etc4 ,nav>rete1 ,coleccion de los ,viages y descubrimi5tos4 7,madrid1 #ahbe-ahcg1 #e vols47 ,_m texts & r>e works are also to be f\nd 9 ,"l ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities ( ,mexico 7,london1 #ahcj-ahdh71 especially ,dupaix1 ,monum5ts ( ,new ,spa9 79 vols4 iv & vi72 translation ( ! text ( ! int]pretative codices 7see ,app5dix ( ?is "w71 ,sahagun 79 vol4 viii71 ,veytia1 ,hi/oria del orig5 de las ,g5tes que ,pobl>on ,la ,am]ica ,sept5trional 79 vol4 viii74 ,tezozomoc1 ,cronica ,mexicana 79 vol4 ix71 ,ixtlilxo*itl1 ,hi/4 ,*i*imeca 79 vol4 ix71 ,pim5tel1 ,ritos1 ,antiguos1 ,sacrificios1 etc4 79 vol4 x74 ,,"p ,,ii 7,works writt5 f #ahjj-aibj7 ,alex&]1 ,h>tley ,burr1 ,lat9-,am]ican ,my?ology4 7,bo/on1 #aibj47 ,anales del ,museo ,nacional de ,mexico4 ,tom4 i1 ,mexico1 #ahgg4 7,9 progress47 ,bancr(t1 ,hub]t ,h[e1 ,! ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 #e vols4 7,new ,york & ,london1 #ahge-ahgf47 ,?is great compilation is admirable z a pa9/ak+ prcis ( ! ext5sive s\rces relat+ to ,mexican & ,mayan hi/ory & religion1 b its au?or & 8 assi/ants conf9$ !mselves to collection & compilation alone1 & v5tur$ ^u no critical treatm5t ( ! subject1 = :i* task1 !y admit1 !y 7 n equipp$4 ,batres1 ,l41 ,ar*ological ,explorations 9 ,escal]illas ,/reet1 ,city ( ,mexico1 ,ye> #aijj4 7,mexico1 #aijb47 ,beu*at1 ,h41 ,manuel d',ar*ologie ,amrica9e 7,amrique ,prhi/orique--,civilisations disp>ues74 7,p>is1 #aiab47 ,a useful if some:at cond5s$ review ( ,am]ican ar*ology4 ,*apitre iv1 livre ii1 gives a %ort & n v ?or\gh acc\nt ( ! gods1 rites1 prie/hood1 & magic ( ! anci5t ,mexicans4 ,*apitre v deals ) ! ,cal5d>1 & *apitre vi is useful = ref]5ce reg>d+ ! manuscripts & writ+4 ,!re is a good bibliography4 ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 ,e4 ,c41 ,hi/oire des nations civilises du ,mexique et de l',amrique ,c5trale durant les sicles antrieurs ,*ri/ophe ,colomb4 #d vols4 7,p>is1 #aheg-ahei47 ,! ,abb ,brasseur's idea 0 to expla9 ,am]ican my?ology z ! apo!osis ( hi/ory4 ,b he une>!d _m priceless mat]ials1 "s ( :i* are includ$ 9 ?is "w4 ,br9ton1 ,daniel ,g>rison1 ,am]ican ,h]o ,my?s 7,philadelphia1 #ahhb72 8,7 ! ,toltecs an ,hi/oric ,nationality80 7,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 xxiv1 pp4 #bbi-bda1 #ahhg72 ,essays ( an ,am]icani/ 7,philadelphia1 #ahij72 ,! ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w 7#crd edition1 revis$7 7,philadelphia1 #aije74 ,br9ton's books are all well writt51 b 8 ideas reg>d+ my?ology g5]ally are n[ a little out-(-date4 ,8 works1 h[ev]1 w repay p]usal4 ,! /ud5t mu/ be on 8 gu>d aga9/ ,br9ton's etymologies1 z 8 k ( ! native languages1 ?\gh ext5sive1 0 n exact4 ,*>5cy1 ,h4 de1 ,le ,my! de ,votan1 tude sur les orig9es ,asiatiques de la ,civilisation ,amrica9e4 7,al5on1 #ahga47 ,*>nay1 ,dsir1 ,les anci5nes ,villes du n\veau monde4 7,p>is1 #ahhe47 ,engli% translation z ,anci5t ,cities ( ! ,new ,_w4 7,london1 #ahhg47 ,*>nay's acqua9tance ) ,mexican ar*ology & my?ology 0 elem5t>y4 ,*av]o1 ,alfr$o1 ,mexico a traves de los siglos1 tom4 i2 ,hi/oria antigua y de la ,conqui/a4 7,b>celona1 #ahhd47 ,?is en?usia/ic & pa9/ak+ antiqu>y did mu* = ! elucidation ( all subjects relat+ to anci5t ,mexico1 especially z reg>ds ! discov]y & criticism ( anci5t works & manuscripts4 ,b 8 zeal frequ5tly betray$ him into some:at fanciful explanations4 ,*evali]1 ,m41 ,le ,mexique ,anci5 et ,mod]ne4 7,p>is1 #ahhf47 ,congrs int]national des ,amricani/es--comptes r5dus4 7,bi5nially1 #ahgh ff47 ,dieseldorff1 ,e4 ,p41 8,cuculcan0 7,zeit4 fr ,e?nol41 xxvii1 ,v]h&41 pp4 #ghj-hgc74 ,gamio1 ,manuel1 8,inve/igaciones ,arqueologicas en ,mexico1 #aiad-aiae0 7,proc4 ,n9ete5? ,int4 ,cong4 ( ,am]41 ,wa%+ton1 #aiae74 7,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 #aiag47 ,haebl]1 ,k41 ,die ,religion d] ,mittl]5 ,am]ika4 7,mn/]1 #ahii47 ,hamy1 ,gal]ie ,amrica9e du ,muse d'e?nographie au ,trocadro4 7,p>is1 #ahig47 ,humboldt1 ,alex&] von1 ,vues des ,cordillres4 7,p>is1 #ahaf47 ,engli% translation by ,hel5 ,williams1 #ahae4 ,joyce1 ,?omas ,a?ol1 ,mexican ,ar*ology3 an ,introduction to ! ,ar*ology ( ! ,mexican & ,mayan ,civilizations ( pre-,spani% ,am]ica4 7,london1 #aiad47 ,*apt]s ii1 iii1 & iv give a useful summ>y ( ,mexican ,my?ology1 ! ,cal5d> & ,cal5drical ,fea/s1 & ,writ+1 ,prie/hood1 ,m$ic9e1 & ,burial4 ,j\rnal de la ,socit des ,amricani/es de ,p>is 7passim71 tom4 i4 7,p>is1 #ahif47 7,9 progress47 ,mll]1 ,j4 ,g41 ,ges*i*te d] ,am]ikanis*5 ,urreligion4 7,b]l91 #ahfg47 ,an indu/ri\s compilation1 :i* mu/ be us$ ) caution4 ,its quotations are ne>ly all at second-h& & its hypo!ses are n a little /ra9$4 ,nadaillac1 ,m>quis de1 ,prehi/oric ,am]ica 7trans474 7,london1 #ahhe47 ,v mu* 9 ! nature ( a popul> pres5tation ( ! subject4 ,nuttall1 ,zelia1 ,! ,fundam5tal ,pr9ciples ( ,old & ,new ,_w ,civilizations4 7,pap]s1 ,peabody ,mus41 ii1 #aija47 ,orozco y ,b]ra1 ,hi/oria antigua y de la ,conqui/a de ,mexico4 #d vols4 7,mexico1 #ahhj47 ,payne1 ,edw>d ,james1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,new ,_w call$ ,am]ica4 7,london1 #ahib-ahii47 ,?is exhau/ive "w1 :i* deals ) ! evolution ( culture on ! ,am]ican cont95t1 is admirably conceiv$1 & is obvi\sly ! result ( mu* ?\ght & rese>*4 ,z reg>ds my?ology1 h[ev]1 ! au?or1 al?\gh well v]s$ 9 ! e>ly writ+s relat+ to ,mexico1 seems to h be5 unacqua9t$ ) ^? ( mod]n speciali/s on ! subject1 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 limits 8 outlook4 ,nor does he display any acqua9tance ) ! ,mexican native codices4 ,peafiel1 ,a41 ,monum5tos del arte ,mexicano antiguo1 #c vols4 7,b]l91 #ahij47 ,de/ruccion del templo mayor de ,mexico y los monum5tos encontrados en la ciudad en la excavaciones de #ahig y #aijb4 7,mexico1 #aiaj47 ,prescott1 ,w4 ,h41 ,hi/ory ( ! ,conque/ ( ,mexico4 7,new ,york1 #ahdc47 ,! few pages 9 :i* ,prescott describes ! religion ( anci5t ,mexico are n[ q useless = ! purposes ( ! s]i\s /ud5t4 ,rville1 ,a41 ,les ,religions du ,mexique1 de l',amrique ,c5trale et du ,pr\4 7,p>is1 #ahhe47 ,engli% translation z ,orig9 & ,gr[? ( ,religion z ,illu/rat$ by ! ,native ,religions ( ,mexico & ,p]u 7,hibb]t ,lectures71 #ahhd4 ,a sket*y & inaccurate acc\nt1 %[+ only a second-h& acqua9tance ) ! subject4 ,robelo1 ,c4 ,a41 ,diccion>io de mitologia ,nahoa 9 ,annals ( ! ,mexican ,museum1 vols4 ii-v1 ,second ,s]ies4 7,mexico1 #aije47 ,saville1 ,m4 ,h41 8,! ,plum$ ,s]p5t 9 ,nor!rn ,mexico40 7,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #bia-bic47 ,sel]1 ,edu>d1 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung5 zur ,am]ikanis*5 ,spra*- und ,alt]tumskunde1 #e vols4 7,b]l91 #aijb-aiae47 ,?is monum5tal "w1 compris+ almo/ ! entire output ( its le>n$ au?or1 is indisp5sable = ! /udy ( ,mexican ar*ology & religion4 ,sp5ce1 ,lewis1 ,! ,civilization ( ,anci5t ,mexico 7,cambridge ,manuals ( ,sci5ce & ,lett]s74 7,london1 #aiaa47 ,! ,my?s ( ,mexico & ,p]u4 7,london1 #aiac47 ,! =m] "w is a dige/ ( ! /rictly v]ifiable mat]ial ( ,mexican hi/ory & religion2 ! latt] a sket* ( ! subject on popul> l9es4 ,sp9d51 ,h]b]t ,j41 ,a ,/udy ( ,maya ,art 7,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 ,h>v>d1 vol4 vi74 7,cambridge1 ,mass41 #aiac47 ,?is admirable "w1 :i* is *iefly conc]n$ ) ! subject-matt] & developm5t ( ,maya art1 t\*es 9 places ^u ! =ms & insignia ( ! ,mexican deities4 ,/rebel1 ,h41 ,alt-,mexico1 ,ar*ologis*e ,beitrge1 #b vols4 7,hamburg & ,leipzig47 ,tylor1 ,e4 ,b41 ,anahuac or ,mexico & ! ,mexicans4 7,london1 #ahfa47 ,veytia1 ,m41 ,hi/oria antigua de ,mexico4 7,mexico1 #ahcf47 ,wesselhoeft1 ,selma1 & ,p>k]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,mexican & ,c5tral ,am]ican ,antiquities1 ,cal5d> ,sy/ems & ,hi/ory4 ,tw5ty-f\r pap]s by ,edu>d ,sel]1 ,e4 ,fr/emann1 ,paul ,s*ellhas1 ,c>l ,sapp]1 & ,e4 ,p4 ,dieseldorff1 translat$ f ! ,g]man1 "u ! sup]vision ( ,*>les ,p4 ,b[dit*4 ,bullet9 #bh ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 ,wa%+ton1 #aijd4 ,,bibliography ,,( ,,! ,,codices ,,relat+ ,,to ,,mexican ,,my?ology ,i4 ,,int]pretative ,,codices ,codex ,vaticanus ,a 7#cgch7 or ,codex ,rios4 7,a7 ,reproduc$ 9 vol4 ii ( ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities ( ,mexico1 #ahcj4 ,translation ( ! ,int]pretation 9 vol4 vi1 pp4 #aee-dbj4 7,b7 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat4 7,rome1 #aijj47 ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4 7,a7 ,reproduc$ 9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities1 vol4 i4 ,translation ( ! ,int]pretation 9 vol4 vi1 pp4 #ie-aec4 7,b7 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat 7,p>is1 #ahii71 ) comm5t>y by ,e4 ,t4 ,hamy4 ,codex ,magliabec*iano4 7,a7 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat4 7,rome1 #aijd47 7,b7 ,reproduc$ by ,zelia ,nuttall z ,! ,book ( ! ,life ( ! ,anci5t ,mexicans4 7,b]keley1 ,cali=nia1 #aijc47 7,?is codex is accompani$ by a contempor>y gloss 9 ,spani%47 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,codex ,,borgia ,,gr\p ,codex ,borgia4 7,a7 ,reproduc$ 9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities1 vol4 iii4 7,b7 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat4 7,rome1 #aijh47 7,c7 ,comm5t>y 9 ,g]man by ,dr4 ,e4 ,sel]1 ,e9e altmexikanis*e ,bild]s*rift1 ) plan4 7,b]l91 #aijd47 7,d7 ,reproduc$ 9 ! ,anales del ,museo ,nacional de ,mexico1 vol4 v1 pp4 #a-bfj1 ) ,spani% translation ( ,sel]'s essay by ,t4 ,l>es4 ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]4 7,a7 ,reproduc$ 9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities1 vol4 iii4 7,b7 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat4 7,rome1 #aija47 7,c7 ,comm5t>y 7,d] ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]7 by ,dr4 ,e4 ,sel]1 ) plan4 7,b]l91 #aija47 7,d7 ,engli% translation ( above by ,a4 ,h4 ,keane4 7,b]l9 & ,london1 #aija-aijb47 ,codex ,bologna or ,cospi4 7,a7 ,reproduction 9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities1 vol4 ii4 7,b7 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat4 7,rome1 #ahii47 7,c7 ,comm5t>y by ,sel] 7,die ,mexikanis*5 ,bild5h&s*rift von ,bologna7 9 8 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung51 vol4 i1 pp4 #cda-cea4 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b4 7,a7 ,reproduc$ 9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities1 vol4 iii4 7,b7 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat 7,rome1 #ahif71 ) comm5t>y by ,seor ,f4 ,paso y ,troncoso4 7,c7 ,comm5t>y 9 ,g]man 7,d] ,codex ,vaticanus ,b7 by ,dr4 ,e4 ,sel]1 ) plan4 7,b]l91 #aijb47 7,d7 ,engli% translation ( above by ,a4 ,h4 ,keane4 7,b]l9 & ,london1 #aijb-aijc47 ,codex ,laud4 ,reproduction 9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities1 vol4 ii4 ,,iii4 ,,unclassifi$ ,,codices ,! ,aub9-,g\pil ,tonalamatl4 7,a7 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat1 ) comm5t>y by ,e4 ,sel]4 7,p>is1 #aijj47 7,b7 ,engli% translation ( above by ,a4 ,h4 ,keane1 ) reproduction4 7,b]l9 & ,london1 #aija47 ,codex ,vi5na1 ,v9dobon5sis1 or ,indi ,m]idionalis4 7,a7 ,fir/ reproduc$ 9 "p by ,olaus ,wormius1 ,museum ,wormianum4 7,leyd51 #afee1 p4 #chc47 7,b7 ,reproduc$ 9 ,k+sbor\gh's ,antiquities1 vol4 ii4 7,c7 ,comm5t>y 9 ,e4 ,sel]'s ,gesammelte ,abh&lung54 ,codex ,z\*e or ,nuttall4 ,reproduc$ ) comm5t>y by ,zelia ,nuttall4 7,peabody ,museum publication47 7,cambridge1 ,mass41 #aijb47 ,codex ,borbonicus4 ,reproduc$ by ! ,duc de ,l\bat1 ) comm5t>y by ,e4 ,t4 ,hamy4 7,p>is1 #ahii47 ,see also on ! subject ( ! codices g5]ally3 ,aub91 ,mmoire sur la pe9ture didactique des anci5s ,mexica9s 7,revue ,ori5tale et ,amrica9e74 7,p>is1 #ahfj1 pp4 #bbd-bee47 ,boban1 ,catalogue raisonn de la ,collection ,aub9-,g\pil4 7,p>is1 #ahhi47 7,) an atlas 9 :i* _m ,,mss4 are reproduc$ 9 phototype47 ,lehmann1 ,w41 8,les pe9tures ,mixteco-zapotques0 7,j\rn4 ,soc4 ,am]4 de ,p>is1 ,n4,s41 tom4 ii74 7,p>is1 #aije1 pp4 #bda-bhj47 ,antigedades mexicanas1 publicadas por la junta ,colomb9a de ,mexico4 7,mexico1 #ahib47 ,atlas ) plates4 ,paso y ,troncoso1 ,catalogo de ,mexico en la ,exposicion de ,madrid4 7,mexico1 #ahib47 ,peafiel1 ,monum5tos del arte mexicana antigua4 7,b]l91 #ahij47 ,*av]o1 ,p9turas j]oglificas1 #b p>ts4 7,mexico1 #aijj-aija47 ,,gloss>y ,= ! conv5i5ce ( read]s a gloss>y ( ! ,mexican words mo/ frequ5tly employ$ 9 ?is "w is app5d$3 anauatl ,r+ ( :ite mussel-%ell4 areyto ,sacr$ dance2 a ^w ( ,antillean orig91 introduc$ by ! ,spani% conqu]ors ( ,mexico4 atlatl ,spe>-?r[]4 aztaxelli ,=k$ h]on-fea!r plume4 calpulli ,augm5tative ( calli1 h\se1 signify+ 8qu>t]10 8di/rict40 *al*ihuitl ,gre5 /one--jadeite1 turquoise1 em]ald--& preci\s or semi-preci\s /ones ( a gre5 col\r4 *icauaztli ,! rattle-/aff1 associat$ ) ! wat] & f]tility deities4 cueitl ,skirt1 petticoat4 maxtli ,lo9-clo?4 naualli ,disguise1 magical =m or %ape4 nequ5 ,robe4 octli ,! f]m5t$ juice ( ! ,agave am]icana4 ,! mod]n t]m is pulque1 a ^w ( ,arg5t9e orig94 piloe*milli 8,face-pa9t+ ( *ildr540 quauhxicalli 8,cup ( eagles02 /one vase 9 :i* ! he>ts ( sacrific$ victims 7 plac$4 quetzalli ,fea!r-plumes ( ! quetzaltototl or ,trogon pavon9us1 a bird indig5\s to ,mexico1 ! plumes ( :i* 7 greatly priz$ by ! natives4 tamalli ,maize-cake 7same z ,spani% corrupt$ =m tamale74 tecutli ,noble1 "l1 p]son ( quality4 teocalli ,pyramid-temple4 teopan ,temple prec9ct4 teotl ,god4 telpo*calli ,h\se ( ! y\?s1 ! place ( in/ruction = boys 9 tra9+ = ! prie/hood4 teueuelli ,%ield ) eagle's-d[n fea!rs4 tilmatli ,mantle or cloak4 tla*tli ,a ball-game1 a k9d ( hockey4 tla*9olli ,fire-&-wat] symbol4 tonalamatl ,book ( ,days3 an arrangem5t ( signs indicat+ lucky & unlucky days1 adapt$ to ! cal5d>4 t\alli ,f\r balls or beads z a %ield device4 ulli ,indi>ubb]4 xiuhcoatl ,fire-snake4 ,,notes #a ,see ,bibliography = description ( ?is & all o!r works allud$ to ?r\gh\t ! "w4 #b ,motecuhzoma describ$ 8 fai? to ,cortz 9 almo/ precisely simil> t]ms4 ,see ,b]nal ,diaz1 ,true ,hi/ory ( ! ,conque/ ( ,mexico1 ,maudslay's translation4 ,london1 #aijh4 #c ,especially 9 ,! ,civilization ( ,anci5t ,mexico1 #aiaa4 #d ,see ,sel]1 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung51 passim4 #e ,see ,app5dix1 ,! ,tonalamatl & ! ,sol> ,cal5d>4 #f ,a ,/udy ( ,maya ,art1 #aiac1 p4 #bbe4 #g ,see 8 comm5t>ies on ! sev]al codices1 passim4 #h ,see ,torquemada1 bk4 vi1 c4 #bd4 #i ,sahagun1 ,,iii1 c4 #d2 ,anales de ,quauhtitlan4 #aj ,on ,quetzalcoatl g5]ally see ,sahagun1 passim2 ,torquemada1 vol4 i1 p4 #bed2 ,motol9ia1 tom4 i1 pp4 #aj-aa2 & ,m5dieta1 passim4 #aa ,consult bibliography to *apt] ix ( ,h4 ,b4 ,alex&]'s ,nor? ,am]ican ,my?ology4 ,bo/on1 #aiaf4 #ab ,sahagun1 bk4 vi1 c4 viii4 #ac ,see app5dix on ,tonalamatl4 #ad ,see *apt] on ,cosmogony4 #ae ,sel]1 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 #aijb-c1 p4 #agd4 #af ,9 _m cosmogonies--,h9du1 ,babylonian1 ,*9ese1 ,sc&9avian1 = example--! e>? is =m$ f ! rema9s ( a sla9 mon/] or liv+ be+4 #ag ,see section on ,tlaloc4 #ah ,payne 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,new ,_w call$ ,am]ica1 vol4 i1 #ahib1 pp4 #dbd ff41 0 ! fir/ to indicate ! 8feti%tic0 nature ( ?is /atue1 :i* he id5tifies z t ( ,*icomecoatl4 ,he p\rs ! vials ( scorn ^u 8! ,italian dilettante ,botur9i0 = 8 id5tification ( ! block z ,uitzilopo*tli-,teoyaomiqui4 ,he fur!r /ates t x 8has no limbs10 b its l>ge1 scaly dragon-legs are at lea/ z obvi\s z 8 lack ( success 9 giv+ ! sculpture its prop] "n4 #ai ,see my article 8,*]okees0 9 ,ha/+s' ,encyclopdia ( ,religion & ,e?ics1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ejd4 #bj ,see ,br9ton1 ,nagualism4 #ba ,anales de ,quauhtitlan 7,brasseur1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,civ4 de ,mex41 vol4 i1 pp4 #djj ff474 #bb ,codex ,vaticanus1 #aijb-c1 p4 #ge4 #bc ,= mu* ,mexican />-lore ( value see ,sel]'s ,v5us ,p]iod 9 ! ,picture-,writ+s ( ! ,borgia ,codex ,gr\p1 translat$ into ,engli% 9 ,bullet9 #bh ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 pp4 #cee ff4 ,= ! my? see section on ,cosmogony4 #bd ,bk4 ii1 c4 #d4 #be ,see ,app5dix on ,tonalamatl4 #bf ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 ,app5dix4 #bg ,clavig]o1 ,/oria del ,messico1 vol4 i1 bk4 vi1 p4 #beg 7,engli% translation74 #bh ,! native "n = ,mexico1 signify+ 8,place ^u ! wat]40 #bi ,mon>q4 ,ind41 tom4 ii1 p4 #ebe4 #cj ,hi/4 ,mex41 tom4 i1 pp4 #bia-b4 #ca ,see ! section on ,tlaloc4 #cb ,notes on ! ,%u%wap ,p ( ,briti% ,columbia1 8,proce$+s & ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,canada10 #ahia1 vol4 ix1 sect4 ii4 ,montreal1 #ahib4 #cc ,sahagun1 ,hi/4 ,g541 bk4 ii1 c4 xiv4 #cd ,hi/4 de ,tlaxcallan1 c4 v4 #ce ,see ,section on ,itzpapalotl4 #cf ,see *apt] on ,cosmogony4 #cg ,see ,sahagun1 bk4 i1 c4 #f4 #ch ,see *apt] on ,cosmogony4 #ci ,torquemada1 bk4 viii1 c4 #ac4 #dj ,al?\gh "s ( ! old au?ors1 ,b]nal ,diaz = in/ance1 say explicitly t ! gods ( "o city 7 n recogniz$ 9 ano!r1 9 effect !y 71 only "u o!r names4 #da ,translation 9 ,k+sbor\gh1 vol4 vi1 p4 #aih4 #db ,op4 cit41 p4 #bjg4 #dc ,l4 ,sp5ce1 ,! ,popol ,vuh 7#aijh71 description ( bk4 i2 ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 ,le ,vuh ,popol1 ,p>is1 #ahfa4 #dd ,an important "w republi%$ ) a ,lat9 translation by ,dr4 ,w4 ,lehmann "u ! title ( ,traditions des anci5s ,mexica9s 7,j\r4 ,soc4 ,am]4 ,p>is1 n4s41 vol4 iii4 ,p>is1 #aijf4 pp4 #bci-bih74 #de ,k+sbor\gh's translation1 vol4 vi1 p4 #aga4 #df ,*av]o's edition1 ,mexico1 #ahib1 p4 #ba4 #dg ,see ! ,popol ,vuh1 bk4 i41 = a ,qui*e analogy to ?is tale ( human degradation4 #dh ,*av]o's edition1 ,mexico1 #ahia1 pp4 ii ff4 #di ,hi/4 de ,tlaxcala1 9 ,t]naux-,compan's ,voyages1 tom4 lxxxvi1 p4 #e2 also edition by ,a4 ,*av]o1 ,mexico1 #ahib4 #ej ,hi/4 ,antigua de ,mexico1 bk4 i1 c4 #d4 #ea ,fir/ ,relacion4 #eb ,hi/oria ,eccles4 #ec ,a v>iant my? makes ,quetzalcoatl ! god :o seeks bones 9 ! und]world f :i* to make ! human race4 ,z he returns1 ! bones drop to e>? & quails gnaw !m4 ,ciuacoatl p\nds !m into a pa/e f :i* m5 are =m$4 ,! ,anales de ,quauhtitlan makes ! gods create man f ! c9d]s ( ! worlds de/roy$ 9 ! f\r epo*s4 #ed ,probably because ( 8 /atus z god ( tw9s & ( duplicates ( all k9ds4 #ee ,obvi\sly ?is sacr$ bundle is 9 ! same category ) ! 8m$ic9e-bundle0 ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian tribes1 & x w\ld seem t f su* a =m c]ta9 ( ! ,mexican gods 7 evolv$4 #ef ,bk4 vii1 c4 #b4 #eg ,= fur!r in=mation reg>d+ ?is incid5t see ,botur9i1 ,idea1 section iii1 #ad1 8,tlatocaocelotl40 #eh ,^! metamorphoses1 or at lea/ ! fir/ two1 are obvi\sly f\nd$ ^u ,xolotl's dual *>act]i/ic z a tw94 ,! resemblance betwe5 8 "n & t ( ! little amphibi\s animal axolotl is due to ! mon/r\s "* ( bo?4 #ei ,hi/4 du ,tlaxcallan 9 ,t]naux-,compan's ,n\velles ,annales des ,voyages 7tom4 xcix1 p4 #abi74 #fj ,hi/4 ,antig4 de ,mexico1 tom4 i1 p4 #g4 #fa ,/oria ,antica del ,messico1 tom4 ii1 p4 #g4 #fb ,hi/4 ,eccles1 p4 #ha4 #fc ,curt91 ,creation ,my?s ( ,primitive ,am]ica1 ,intro41 p4 #ce4 #fd ,relaciones 7,*av]o's edition2 ,mexico1 #ahia71 p4 #aa4 ,hi/4 ,*i*imeca 7,*av]o's edition2 ,mexico1 #ahib71 p4 #ba4 #fe ,among ! ,am]ican races ! s\l 0 ?\ght ( z resid+ 9 ! bones4 ,see ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 pp4 #bie ff41 #bii1 #cba4 #ff ,anales de ,quauhtitlan4 #fg ,translation ( int]pretation 9 ,k+sbor\gh1 vol4 vi1 p4 #abg4 #fh ,p4 #abj4 #fi ,see ,rady y ,delgado's reproduction ( ?is ,codex1 ,madrid1 #ahib4 #gj ,! col\rs associat$ ) ! po9ts ( ! compass 73 ,ea/1 yell[2 nor?1 r$2 we/1 blue2 s\?1 :ite4 #ga ,= ! fur!r relation ( ! gods to "t & space see ! app5dix on ! tonalamatl4 #gb ,see my? ( ! creation ( ! f\r support]s1 supra4 #gc ,humm+-birds4 ,! w>riors seem to h be5 metamorphos$ into ! naualli or bird-disguise ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 ! humm+-bird god ( w>4 #gd ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas4 ,i believe ^! diff]5t heav5s to h result$ f ! cla%+ & m+l+ ( rival cults4 #ge ,z x has be5 f\nd impossible to include e illu/ration f ! codices :i* is m5tion$ 9 ! text1 ^? pictures n suppli$ may be consult$ 9 ! reproductions ( ! codices !mselves4 ,a full bibliography ( ! codices w be f\nd at ! end4 ,:5 ! lett] ,k appe>s ) ref]5ce to a codex1 its reproduction 9 ,k+sbor\gh's 8,mexican0 antiquities is impli$4 #gf ,?is /ell> mask is s call$ f be+ worn by ! /ell> deities4 ,x is usually connect$ ) ! r$-&-:ite /rip$ pa9t+ ( ! body4 ,! ,sahagun ,aztec ,,ms4 calls x 8face-cage m>k+0 & 8face-/> m>k+ :i* is call$ d>kness10 ! =m] ref]r+ to /ripes ov] ! face1 ! latt] to ! mask design1 :i* seems to me to symbolize night surr\nd$ by ! 8eyes0 ( ! />s4 #gg ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,ind41 pp4 #ceb ff41 ,engli% translation 9 ,pur*as 8 ,pilgrimes1 bk4 v1 c4 #i4 ,maclehoses' edition4 #gh ,hi/4 ,conq4 ,mex41 tom4 i1 pp4 #cif-cih4 #gi ,gage's trans4 ( ,h]r]a1 9 ,new ,survey1 pp4 #aaf-aag2 = ,spani% text1 see ,hi/4 ,g541 tom4 i1 dec4 ii1 bk4 vii1 c4 xvii4 #hj ,mon>q4 ,ind41 tom4 i1 p4 #bic4 #ha ,qu>t]1 di/rict4 #hb ,h\se ( ! y\?s1 :]e ! acolytes or junior prie/s resid$4 #hc ,gov]nors4 #hd ,vassals1 burgh]s4 #he ,dance4 #hf ,?is cu/om 0 9 vogue among c]ta9 prehi/oric races1 & is /ill practis$ on ! dea? ( a relative by ,african bu%m51 :o fir/ remove a f+]-jo9t4 #hg ,m correctly quauhxicalli1 a /one vase = ! reception ( ! he>ts ( victims1 f quauh 7tli7 8eagle10 & xicalli1 8cup40 #hh ,mon>q4 ,ind41 tom4 ii1 p4 #gc4 #hi ,hi/4 ,mex41 ,engli% translation by ,c4 ,cull5 7,london1 #aghg71 vol4 i1 bk4 vi4 #ij ,idea de una ,hi/41 pp4 #fj-fa4 #ia ,bk4 i1 c4 i4 #ib ,s ,uitzilopo*tli addresses 8 half-bro!r4 8,uncle0 among ! anci5t ,mexicans 0 an honorific title4 #ic ,bk4 iii1 c1 i1 p>4 i4 #id ,mon>q4 ,ind41 tom4 i1 p4 #bid4 #ie ,see *apt] on ,cosmogony4 #if ,sahagun1 ,app5dix to bk4 iii1 c4 ix4 #ig ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,ind4 9 ,pur*as 8 ,pilgrimes1 bk4 v1 c4 xiii4 ,see also ,manuel ,gamio1 ,proc4 #ai? ,cong4 ,am]41 ,wa%+ton1 #aiae1 = acc\nt ( discov]ies :5 ! f\ndations ( ?is temple 7 p>tly laid b>e 9 #aiac4 #ih ,c4 i4 #ii ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 c4 xxxiv2 ,uitzilopo*tli himself1 z we %all see1 0 oracul>4 ,9 ?is case ,i take x t ! octli di/ill$ f ! plant conf]r$ ! boon ( oracul> spee*4 #ajj ,! fir/ pulque or octli1 :i* 0 call$ uitztli1 0 (f]$ at ?is fe/ival z fir/-fruits to ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,! _s di/ill$ f ! pulque is /ill kn[n z mexcal or mescal1 & is probably id5tical ) ! fi]y fluid giv5 to ! braves 9 ! s]vice ( ! god be=e go+ into battle4 #aja ,bull4 ( ,u4,s4 ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 ,no4 #bh1 p4 #baj4 #ajb ,mon>q4 ,ind41 tom4 ii1 p4 #da4 #ajc ,! ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas calls ,uitzilopo*tli omitecilt4 ,i ?9k ?is %\ld be read ome tecitl1 8twice-wiz>d10 b x may read ome tecutli1 8twice-"l40 ,b ! latt] is c]ta9ly a title ( ,tonacatecutli1 ! creative deity4 #ajd ,bk4 i1 c4 i4 #aje ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 c4 xxiv4 #ajf ,z does an ,egyptian sun-god4 #ajg ,! ,c5tzonuitznaua appe> to be ! same z ! ,tzitzimim1 :om ,tezozomoc calls ! 8gods ( ! air :o br+ ! ra9s1 floods1 ?und]claps1 & ?und]s & lightn+s & _h to be plac$ r\nd ,uitzilopo*tli0 9 ord] to complete ! con/ruction ( ! great teocalli ( ,mexico4 ,^! 8gods ( ! signs & planets10 9 o!r words ! />s1 7 reg>d$ z demons ( d>kness1 ?9ks ,sel]1 8only because dur+ a sol> eclipse ! />s became visible 9 ! day sky40 ,i ?9k x mu* m probable t !y 7 look$ ^u z demons ( d>kness because !y peopl$ ! d>kness e night4 8,^!10 says ! int]pret] ( ! ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis1 8are ! sons ( ,citlalicue40 ,n[1 ,citlalicue means 8,/>ry-skirt10 & ,i ?9k t "h we are n v f> f ,coatlicue1 8,s]p5t-skirt40 ,we "k1 too1 t ,citlalicue1 l ,coatlicue1 0 connect$ ) ! cipactli1 ! e>?-bea/1 & ) ,*icomecoatl 78,sev5 ,s]p5ts074 ,! lat] fusion ( ,citlalicue ) h] husb& ,citlaltonac or ,tonacatecutli1 "l ( ! heav5ly vault1 z has be5 %[n 9 ! rem>ks on ^! gods1 w\ld give h] /ell> attributes2 h5ce ! seem+ discrepancy betwe5 h] & ,coatlicue4 #ajh ,app5dix to bk4 ii4 #aji ,hi/4 de los ,indios de la ,nueva ,espaa1 tom4 ii1 p4 #bdj4 #aaj ,see ,r5del ,h>ris1 ,! ,asc5t ( ,olympus1 passim4 ,9 8 ,asc5t ( ,olympus ,dr4 ,r5del ,h>ris has %[n t ! sacr$ oak ( ,zeus 0 reg>d$ z 8! animi/ic repository ( ! ?und]1 & 9 t s5se ! dwell+-place ( ,zeus 444 t ! woodpeck] :o ne/$ 9 x 444 0 none o!r ?an ,zeus himself1 & x may turn out t ,a!na1 :o sprang f ! head ( ! ?und]-oak1 0 ! owl t liv$ 9 "o ( its holl[s0 7p4 #eg74 ,9 ! same way1 x may be t ! maguey plant may h be5 reg>d$ by ! ,mexicans z a repository ( ?und] & ! heav5ly fire4 ,octli1 its sap1 0 connect$ ) fire 7see octli gods1 8,nature & ,/atus071 & ,uitzilopo*tli 0 ! humm+-bird :o dwelt among its leaves4 ,he spr+s f 8 "m's body fully arm$1 z does ,a!na f ! head ( ,zeus4 ,a simil> tra9 ( ?\ght appe>s to be pres5t 9 bo? ideas4 #aaa ,manuel de ,m9i/ros1 p4 #ce4 #aab ,comm5t>y on ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #ia4 #aac ,maguey is an ,antillean ^w import$ into ,mexico by ! ,spani>ds1 b ! use ( a po/-,columbian ^w does n exclude ! possibility ( a synonym\s pre-,columbian =m4 #aad ,manuel de ,m9i/ros1 p4 #cg4 #aae ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 pp4 #abi ff4 #aaf ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,ind41 c4 ix1 bk4 v 7,engli% translation f ,pur*as 8 ,pilgrimes74 #aag ,obvi\sly an error = tla*ialoni4 #aah ,m probably l a jagu>1 "o ( ! =ms ( ! god4 #aai ,see prcis 9 *apt] on ,cosmogony4 #abj ,! ,morelosia huaita ( ! family ,/yracies4 #aba ,+a circ9alis4 #abb ,pap] h&4 #abc ,face ( ! temple4 #abd ,"y bro!r4 #abe ,hi/4 ,g541 bk4 i4 c4 iii4 #abf ,hi/4 ,nat4 y ,moral1 c4 ix4 #abg ,hi/4 ,mex41 ,engli% translation1 vol4 i1 bk4 vi1 p4 #bdc4 #abh ,hi/4 ,g541 bk4 iii1 c4 vi-ix4 #abi ,^! bo? mean ! same ?+1 8%ield ( preci\s /ones40 #acj ,diccion>io ,univ]sal1 ,app5dix1 s4v4 #aca ,see ante1 ,aspect & ,insignia4 #acb ,comm5t>y ,c4 ,fejrvry-,may]1 p4 #cd4 #acc ,see ! ,/one ( ,tizoc = examples ( ?is practice4 #acd ,?is figure conv5tionally repres5ts ! turkey & /rik+ly exhibits ! l>ge r$ wattles & lobe ( t bird4 ,9 mo/ ( ! ,,mss4 x we>s ,tezcatlipoc's smok+ mirror at ! temple1 ! w>rior's headdress ( h]on-fea!rs1 & 9 ,codex ,borbonicus x appe>s z a naualli or disguise ( ! god1 hav+ 8 cr[n pa9t$ ) />s & 8 anauatl or r+ ( mussel-%ell4 ,on %eet #f ( ,codex ,fejrvry-,may] ! bird appe>s z an image ( ,tezcatlipoc & is repres5t$ along ) ! signs ( mortification & blood-lett+1 z x is on %eet #ag ( ! ,aub9 tonalamatl1 :]e x we>s ! bone-pi]c] 9 its e>s & a r$ robe edg$ ) blue & br[n4 ,inde$1 x repres5ts ! blood-(f]+ connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ,tezcatlipoc4 ,! turkey-cock's foot1 too1 is sometimes symbolic ( ! god1 & ! int]pretative codices tell u t 8( ! demons we (t5 see no?+ m ?an a cock's or eagle's foot40 ,! turkey-cock is to be conceiv$ z repres5tative ( ra91 :i* 0 believ$ by ! ,nahua to be no?+ else ?an ! magically alt]$ blood he %$ 9 p5it5ce or sacrifice4 ,x may be t ! r$ wattles & lobe ( ! turkey sugge/$ ! idea ( blood1 & t ! %ades 9 8 plumage 7 equally sugge/ive ( wat]4 ,?us x w\ld come to be reg>d$ z ! blood %$ by ! /one knife ( sacrifice4 ,x is also obvi\s t ,tezcatlipoc's patronage ( slaves1 :o 7 /rictly reg>d$ z 8 prop]ty1 arose out ( ! idea t ^? un=tunates1 :5ev] us$ = ! purposes ( sacrificial ritual1 con/itut$ ! 8food0 ( ! obsidian knife4 #ace ,bk4 xi1 c4 #h1 #e4 #acf ,b]nal ,diaz also /ates t ! eyes ( ,tezcatlipoc's idol 7 8mirrors40 ,see ante1 8,aspect & ,insignia40 #acg ,9 ! my? :i* rec\nts 8 discomfiture ( ! ,toltecs x w be recall$ t he ra9$ /ones ^u !m4 ,see also ,introduction = id5tification ( obsidian ) w9d & brea?4 #ach ,gomme1 ,e?nology 9 ,folklore4 #aci ,my?1 ,ritual1 & ,religion1 vol4 i1 p4 #bff4 #adj ,see ,itzlacoliuhqui1 pp4 #cda ff4 #ada ,see my article on 8,*]okee ,religion0 9 vol4 iii1 ,encyclopdia ( ,religion & ,e?ics4 #adb ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w4 #adc ,sahagun1 bk4 xii1 c4 iv4 #add ,bk4 iii1 c4 ii4 #ade ,bk4 xi1 c4 xlvii4 #adf ,bk4 v1 c4 ix4 #adg ,sel]1 ,! ,wall-pa9t+s ( ,mitla1 ,bull4 #bh1 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 #adh 8,! swift ones :o s]rate ! tee?40 #adi 8,m\nt ( ! cri]40 #aej ,sahagun's /atem5t t ! draught w\ld make ,quetzalcoatl rememb] ^? evils is obvi\sly a slip :i* ev5 8 copyi/ ,torquemada is capable ( avoid+4 #aea ,bk4 iii1 c4 #c & #d4 #aeb ,! names ?r\gh\t ! my? m]ely describe ! incid5t :i* took place at ! locality allud$ to4 #aec ,sahagun1 bk4 iii1 c4 xii1 xiii1 xiv4 #aed ,mon>q4 ,ind41 tom4 ii1 pp4 #dh-eb4 #aee ,mon>q4 ,ind41 tom4 i1 pp4 #bed-bef4 #aef ,hi/4 de los ,indios4 #aeg ,hi/4 ,ecles41 pp4 #hb1 #hf1 #ib-ic1 #ig-ih4 #aeh ,hi/4 ,ecles41 p4 #hb4 #aei ,a ,lac&one ,indian tribe ne> ,pal5que4 #afj ,l& ( ,*ivim4 #afa ,! my?s relat+ to him "u ! "n ( ,tohil appe> to me to id5tify ,tohil m ) ,tezcatlipoc4 ,see ,brassu]1 ,le ,vuh ,popol1 passim4 #afb ,! circum/ance t ! two high-prie/s ( ,mexico1 ! pontiffs ( ! cults ( ,uitzilopo*tli & ,tlaloc1 _h ! "n ,quetzalcoatl prefix$ to _! (ficial descriptions m]ely indicates t x _h pass$ into a sac]dotal title4 ,!y 7 9 no special s5se atta*$ to ! wor%ip ( ! god4 #afc ,he 01 ( c\rse1 all ( ^!1 b z reg>ds ! two latt]1 9 a subsidi>y s5se only4 #afd ,spani%1 hurican2 ,fr5*1 ouragan2 ,engli%1 hurricane4 #afe ,sahagun rev]ses ! process by call+ ,quetzalcoatl 8a man :o became a god10 bk4 i1 c4 v4 #aff ,see my article on ^! books 9 vol4 iii ( ,ha/+s' ,encyclopdia ( ,religion & ,e?ics4 #afg ,?is1 too1 acc\nts = 8 id5tification ) ! planet ,v5us1 :i* also _h a cal5dric connection1 & !re=e z ! h]ald ( ! dawn1 & ! *ild ( ! virg9 goddess ,*imalman or ,*al*ihuitlicue 9 h] guise z ,moon-goddess4 #afh ,votan 0 likewise a build] ( subt]ranean h\ses & 0 wor%ipp$ 9 caves4 ,! god ( ! ra9-cult is1 inde$1 reg>d$ z ma/] ( ! /reams :i* fl[ "u ! e>?4 ,see ,br9ton1 ,nagualism1 p4 #da4 #afi ,a g5]ic "n = gre5 preci\s or semi-preci\s /ones--turquoise1 jadeite1 nephrite1 em]ald1 etc4 #agj ,9 ,k+sbor\gh1 ,antiquities ( ,mexico1 vol4 vi4 #aga ,on ?is id5tification see also ,torquemada1 bk4 vi1 c4 xix4 #agb ,codex ,tell]iano-,rem5sis4 #agc ,sel]1 ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #acb4 #agd ,sp5ce1 ,popol ,vuh4 ,london1 #aijh4 #age ,tonalamatl ( ! ,aub9-,g\pil ,collection1 #aijj-aija4 #agf ,?is circul> pat* ) ! c5tre pun*$ out is worn by ! wom5 ( m ?an "o ,asiatic c\ntry4 #agg ,sahagun1 ,bks4 viii & x4 #agh ,by ,sel]1 9 ,comm5t>y on ,aub9 ,tonalamatl1 p4 #ic4 #agi ,sahagun1 bk4 i1 c4 xii4 #ahj ,z reg>ds ^! translations ( hymns ?r\gh\t ! "w1 "s h be5 translat$ by me f ! ,mexican orig9als1 o!rs h be5 translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,sel]4 ,l t au?ority ,i h n receiv$ any enlight5m5t f ,br9ton's 8translations0 9 8 ,sacr$ ,*ants ( ! ,anci5t ,mexicans4 #aha ,bk4 ii1 c4 xxx2 see also ,torquemada1 bk4 x1 c4 xxxv4 #ahb ,pyramid temple4 #ahc ,sel]1 ,comm5t>y on ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #bfb1 believes ! c]emony to ref] to ! p>turition ( ! goddess1 :o gives bir? to ,c9teotl1 al?\gh he at fir/ elucidat$ ! c]emony z "h indicat$4 ,sel] conf\nds ! po/ures ( sexual int]c\rse & p>turition4 #ahd ,see picture 9 ,codex ,borbonicus4 #ahe ,z d ,aphrodite1 & o!r goddesses ( love4 #ahf ,x is equally ! symbol ( ! f]tility-pot4 #ahg ,bk4 ii1 c4 xxiii4 #ahh ,lib4 x1 c4 xiii4 #ahi ,a species ( wild laurel4 #aij ,! cu/om ( we>+ a mask ( ! deity wor%ipp$ 79 ?is case ! sla9 woman repres5t$ ! goddess7 is widespread4 #aia ,sahagun1 bk4 ii4 #aib ,app5dix to bk4 ii4 #aic ,:o1 l sev]al ( ! old] ,spani% au?orities1 reg>d$ ,c9teotl z a goddess1 a belief n[ explod$4 ,see vol4 i1 bk4 vi 7,engli% translation74 #aid ,x might be quot$ aga9/ ?is view t ! lewd life ( pleasure ( :i* ,xo*ipilli & ,macuilxo*itl are ! repres5tatives results 9 t dea? :i* is ! *ild ( s91 & t ^! gods are !re=e 8bro!rs0 to ,c9teotl 9 ?is especial connection4 ,sel]1 ,comm4 ,codex ,fej4-,may]1 p4 #ff2 ,comm4 ,codex ,vat4 ,b1 pp4 #bjg-bjh4 #aie ,sahagun1 bk4 ix1 c4 xvii4 #aif ,sahagun ,,ms4 #aig ,at ! fe/ival ( ,demet]1 ) ^: wor%ip ! s]p5t 0 connect$1 ! e>? 0 /ruck ) rods by ! prie/ :o call$ ^u ! goddess4 ,?is is also done dur+ ! act ( div9ation among ! ,zulus1 :5 !y call ^u spirits4 ,see ,callaway1 ,iz9yanga ,zokubula1 p4 #cfb4 #aih ,lib4 ii1 c4 ii4 #aii ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,civ4 du ,mex4 7quot+ a ,cak*iquel ,,ms471 vol4 i1 p4 #bdh4 #bjj ,bk4 i1 c4 vi4 #bja ,sahagun1 bk4 i1 c4 vi4 #bjb ,idem1 bk4 #b1 ,app5dix4 #bjc ,idea1 p4 #bg2 vol4 i1 pp4 #dai ff4 #bjd ,see ,introduction1 pp4 #ad1 #af4 #bje ,see ,uitzilopo*tli1 pp4 #gc ff4 #bjf ,bk4 i1 c4 xix4 #bjg ,idea1 pp4 #fc-ff4 ,?is my? seems to me to %[ ve/iges ( a belief 9 ! !ory ( ! transmigration ( s\ls1 & to indicate t ! ascetic1 almo/ on ! bord]s ( :at is kn[n 9 ,buddhi/ic belief z 8arahat%ip10 or promotion to a high] life1 0 condemn$ = 8 lapse to recomm5ce exi/5ce once m "u a l[ =m ( life4 #bjh ,bk4 i1 c4 xix1 app5dix4 #bji ,see ,app5dix 9 ! ,tonalamatl1 8,day-signs40 #baj ,a diacritical po9t4 #baa ,bk4 x1 c4 xxxv4 #bab ,bk4 x1 c4 xxxi4 #bac ,sel]1 ,comm5t>y on ,aub9 ,tonalamatl1 p4 #aai4 #bad ,sel]1 ,comm5t>y on ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #afa4 #bae ,b see ! song to ,c9teotl 9 ! portion deal+ ) t god1 :i* 9 a mann] ref]s to ,xo*ipilli4 #baf ,comm5t>y on ,aub9 ,tonalamatl1 p4 #hg4 #bag ,bk4 i1 c4 xiv4 #bah ,cronica ,mexicana4 ,see picture ( ,axayacatl 9 ,boban's catalogue ( ! ,g\pil collection1 ,p>is1 #ahia1 pp4 #ad1 #ae4 #bai ,! be/ au?ority on ,xipe's co/ume is ,sahagun 7,mexican ,,ms474 #bbj ,b>+-,g\ld1 ,curi\s ,my?s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 pp4 #dag ff4 #bba ,sahagun1 bk4 v1 c4 xiii4 #bbb ,w]5fels1 ,diss]tation ^u ,sup]/ition1 p4 #f 7,london1 #agdh74 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #gai ff4 #bbc ,ros*]1 b] ,sel5e und v]w&tes 7,leipzig1 #ahij71 pp4 #di ff4 #bbd ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/41 vol4 ii1 p4 #bbc2 ,payne1 ,hi/4 ,new ,_w1 vol4 i1 p4 #die4 #bbe ,or calpulli1 a mu/]-place at sev]al fe/ivals4 #bbf 8,!y :o seize ! head10 allud+ to ! cu/om ( tak+ ! victims by ! hair4 #bbg ,sahagun /ates t ! 8hair0 ( ! uauant9 0 kept z a trophy4 ,?is seems to me analog\s to ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian cu/om ( scalp+1 :i* is sometimes spok5 ( z 8los+ "o's hair10 a phrase :i*1 ?r\gh its use among ,am]ican bord] fight]s1 has pass$ into slang4 #bbh ,tezcatlipoc took ! =m ( a coyote & lay 9 wait = travell]s4 ,sahagun1 bk4 v1 c4 xiii4 #bbi ,or coyote4 #bcj ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 ,app5dix4 #bca ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 ,app5dix4 #bcb ,sel]1 ,comm5t>y on ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #age4 #bcc ,decade iii1 lib4 iii1 c4 xv4 #bcd ,tezozomac1 ,cronica ,mexicana1 c4 xci4 #bce ,j4 ,lecur1 ,esquisses du ,bocage ,norm&1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bdj4 #bcf ,a!nu1 vol4 ix1 #dg1 p4 #cib d4 #bcg ,religion ( ! ,semites1 new edition1 #aiad1 p4 #dfi4 #bch ,bk4 ii4 c4 viii4 #bci ,bk4 x1 c4 xix4 #bdj ,hi/4 de ,tlaxcallan1 c4 v4 #bda ,?is de] is two-head$2 s is ,quaxolotl a v>iant ( ,*antico1 ! ,fire-goddess1 ) :om ,itzpapalotl seems to h _m po9ts ( resemblance4 #bdb ,see ,xo*ipilli4 #bdc ,9 "s my?s ( ! ,old ,_w ! butt]fly is ! s\l or gho/4 ,?is w\ld expla9 h] connection ) ! ,ciuatete1 or dead wom54 #bdd ,vol4 i1 bk4 vi 7,engli% translation74 #bde ,bk4 i1 c4 ix4 #bdf ,hi/4 de los ,indios de la ,nueva ,espaa 7,epi/ola ,proemial74 #bdg ,sahagun1 bk4 ii41 c4 xxxvi2 ,torquemada1 bk4 x1 c4 xxix4 #bdh ,x occurr$ to ! writ] t ! expression tititl may h _h ref]5ce to ! act ( sexual impregnation1 z 9 ! case ( ,tlazolteotl 7q4v471 :o 8wid5s h]self1 /ret*es h]self out0 at ! foot ( ! teocalli ( ,uitzilopo*tli1 :5 %e is impregnat$ by t deity4 ,?is consid]ation sc>cely seems to apply to ! pres5t in/ance1 h[ev]1 & t indicat$ above appe>s pref]able4 #bdi ,see rem>ks ^u ! ,tlaloc cult 9 ! ,introduction4 #bej ,see my rem>ks ^u ,quetzalcoatl 9 ! section :i* deals ) him1 & :]e he is id5tifi$ ) ! trade-w9d :i* br+s ! ra94 #bea ,bk4 i1 c4 xxi4 #beb ,see ,app5dix1 ! ,tonalamatl & ! ,sol> ,cal5d>4 #bec ,see dige/ ( ! passage 9 *apt] on ,cosmogony1 p4 #di4 #bed ,see ,sp5ce1 ,! ,popol ,vuh4 ,london1 #aijh4 #bee ,sahagun 7bk4 x1 c4 xxviii1 #aj7 /ates t ,tlalocan 0 9 ! ,olmec or ,mixtec c\ntry2 b ,cam>go 7,hi/4 de ,tlaxcallan1 ,n\velles annales des ,voyages1 #ahdc1 tom4 #ii1 pp4 #ace-acg7 is a bett] au?ority on ?is p>ticul> subject4 #bef ,wood-m\nta94 #beg ,place ( ,might4 #beh ,fl[]-fea!r4 #bei ,place ( ,d>kness4 #bfj ,beside ! /alle 7or bann]74 #bfa ,pe>l-s]p5t4 #bfb ,r[s ( pe>ls4 #bfc ,s]vant4 #bfd ,cov]$ ) mugwort4 #bfe ,bk4 ii1 c4 xx4 #bff ,bk4 ii1 c4 iii4 #bfg ,! ,pantitlan 8,ne> ! ,/ake40 #bfh ,bk4 ii1 c4 vi4 #bfi ,all ( ! deities kn[n by ^! names 7 octli-gods4 #bgj ,temple prec9ct4 #bga ,bk4 i1 c4 xiii4 #bgb ,bk4 ii1 c4 xxxv4 #bgc ,ixtlilxo*itl1 ,relaciones1 p4 #da1 /ates t girls 7 sacrific$ by ! ,toltecs to ,tlaloc & buri$4 #bgd ,hi/4 de ,tlaxcallan1 9 ,t]naux-,compan's ,n\velles annales de ,voyages1 #ahdc1 tom4 #ii1 pp4 #acc1 #ace-g4 #bge ,vol4 i1 bk4 vi1 p4 #bea 7,engli% translation74 ,see also ,torquemada1 bk4 vi1 c4 xxiii2 ,veytia1 vol4 i1 p4 #bg2 ,velasquez de ,leon1 ,nevadade ,toluca1 ,bd4 ,in/4 ,nac4 ,geog4 ,e/ad4 ,mex41 #ahej4 #bgf ,bk4 vi1 c4 vii4 #bgg ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos por sus ,p9turas1 c4 ii4 #bgh ,fr/emann1 ,die ,maya-,h&s*rift-zu ,dresd51 ,leipzig1 #ahhj4 ,second edition1 #ahib4 #bgi ,codex ,borgia1 %eet #ad1 & ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]1 %eets #a & #c4 #bhj ,unless ! co/ume be spott$ l t ( h] sp\se ,tlaloc1 ) ulli rubb]-gum1 to repres5t ra94 #bha ,?is picture ( ,tlaloc & ,*al*ihuitlicue is rem9isc5t ( ! ,japanese my? ( ,susa-no-o & 8 si/] ,ama-t]asu1 ! ,sun-goddess1 :o1 desir\s ( prog5y1 /ood "o on ei!r side ( a 8riv]0 7! ,milky ,way71 dipp$ jewels into ! 8riv]10 cru%$ !m into du/ & 8blew !m away02 gods 7 born f ! du/ s brea!d ^u4 ,see ,kojiki1 translat$ by ,basil ,hill ,*amb]la91 9 supplem5t to vol4 x ( ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 #ahhb1 pp4 #dg-di4 ,! ,mexican picture has probably a simil> g5]ative significance4 #bhb ,hi/4 ,antig4 de ,mej41 tom4 i1 c4 xxviii4 #bhc 8,*ief ,eagle40 #bhd ,comm5t>y on ! ,aub9 ,tonalamatl1 p4 #ef4 #bhe ,! resemblance ( ?is fe/ival to ! uei teciulhuitl1 ! fea/ ( ,xilon51 is obvi\s4 7,= a full] description1 see ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 c4 xxvii47 #bhf ,bk4 i1 c4 xiii4 #bhg ,bk4 vi1 c4 xvii4 #bhh ,bk4 ix1 c4 iii4 #bhi ,bk4 vi1 c4 iv4 #bij ,bk4 vi1 c4 ix4 #bia ,bk4 ii1 c4 xxix4 #bib ,bk4 ii1 c4 xxxvii4 #bic ,bk4 ii1 c4 xix4 #bid ,bk4 ii1 ,app5dix4 #bie ,see ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 ,app5dix4 #bif ,sel]1 ,comm5t>y on ,tonalamatl ( ! ,aub9 ,g\pil ,collection1 p4 #gc4 #big ,comm5t>y on ! ,tonalamatl ( ! ,aub9 ,collection1 p4 #ga4 #bih ,see also ,t4 ,l4 ,preuss1 ,die ,feu]gtt] als ,ausgangspunkt zum ,v]/ndnis d] ,mexikanis*5 ,religion 78,mit!ilung5 d] ,an?ropologis*e ,gesells*aft 9 ,wi510 vol4 xxxiii1 ,vi5na1 #aijc1 pp4 #abi-bcc74 #bii ,bk4 ix1 c4 xvii4 #cjj 8,wiz>d-pr9ce10 evid5tly a patron ( sorc]]s & cunn+ workman%ip4 #cja 8,five ,h\se40 #cjb ,bk4 ii1 ,app5dix4 #cjc ,sahagun /ates t ! dog is ! symbol ( fire 7bk4 iv1 c4 xxii74 #cjd ,bk4 ii1 ,app5dix4 #cje ,! locus classicus = repres5tations ( ! octli-gods is ! ,codex ,magliabec*iano1 :i* pres5ts a mo/ valuable s]ies ( !m1 pp4 #di-ei4 #cjf ,bk4 i1 c4 xxii4 #cjg 8,mirror cov]$ ) ,/raw40 #cjh ,see ,sel]1 8,temple-pyramid ( ,tepoxtlan10 ,bullet9 #bh1 ,u4,s4 ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 p4 #cdi4 #cji ,teatro ,mexicana1 tom4 i4 #caj ,hi/4 de los ,indios1 tom4 ii1 p4 #bdj4 #caa ,bk4 i1 c4 xiii4 #cab ,manuel de los ,m9i/ros1 p4 #ce4 #cac ,bk4 i1 ,app5dix4 #cad ,9 ,! ,asc5t ( ,olympus4 #cae ,see ,sahagun1 bk4 vii1 cs4 x-xiii1 = a mu* m detail$ description4 #caf ,see ,sahagun1 bk4 iii1 ,app5dix1 c4 iv4 #cag ,hi/oria de los ,indios de la ,nueva ,espaa1 ,preface1 9 ,izcazbalceta1 vol4 i1 #aheh1 pp4 #g1 #aj4 #cah ,izcazbalceta1 vol4 iii1 #ahia1 p4 #bcg4 #cai ,app5dix to bk4 i1 c4 xiv4 #cbj ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #aij4 #cba ,comm5t>y on ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #bhg4 #cbb ,bullet9 #bh ( ,u4,s4 ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 pp4 #cee ff4 #cbc ,see ,comm5t>y on ! ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #ij4 ,x seems to me t1 z ,tezozomoc says1 ^! 7 gods ( ! 8signs & planets10 i4e4 ( ! tonalamatl 9 its augural or a/rological s5se4 ,if s1 ! def9itely a/rological nature ( ! tonalamatl might be argu$ !refrom4 #cbd ,see ,l4 ,sp5ce1 ,! ,popol ,vuh4 ,london1 #aijh4 #cbe ,comm5t>y on ,codex ,fejrvry-,may]1 p4 #dc4 #cbf ,see ,section on ,tezcatlipoc4 #cbg ,las ,casas1 ,apologetica1 c4 cxcix2 ,h]r]a1 #d1 #aj1 c4 xiii4 #cbh ,sel] 7,comm5t>y on ,codex ,vaticanus ,b1 p4 #ajb7 sees 9 a passage 9 ,sahagun 7bk4 v1 c4 #a7 an association betwe5 ! om5 ( a jagu> ro>+ 9 ! m\nta9s by night & ! e*o !re( & ,tepeyollotl4 #cbi ,bk4 i1 c4 xix2 bk4 ix1 passim4 #ccj ,nat4 ,rac4 ,pac4 ,/ates1 vol4 iii1 p4 #dag1 note4 #cca ,brad=d1 ,am]ican ,antiquities1 p4 #ccc2 ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 vol4 i1 p4 #bga2 ,von ,ts*udi1 ,beitrge1 p4 #bi4 #ccb ,see ,sel]1 ,bull4 #bh1 ,am]ican ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 p4 #id4 #ccc ,bk4 i1 c4 xvi4 #ccd ,see also ,sahagun1 bk4 i1 c4 xv4 #cce ,bk4 i1 c4 xv4 #ccf ,! mo/ conv9c+ mod]n writ]s on ! tonalamatl are ,morley1 ,b[dit*1 ,de ,jonghe1 & ,sel]4 ,a bibliography ( works on ! subject w be f\nd at ! end ( ?is app5dix4 #ccg ,we speak ( 8numb]s40 ,m accurately1 ! numb]s employ$ by ! ,mexicans 7 m]ely simple dots4 ,?us a s+le dot repres5t$ our num]al #a1 & ?irte5 dots our num]al #ac4 #cch ,x w be se5 t1 al?\gh ! fir/ t5 day-gods take ! fir/ t5 week-signs1 ^! signs are1 naturally1 n 9 ! same ord] z ! day-signs1 z has be5 po9t$ out1 !re=e ^! gods c\ld n take precisely ! same sign z 9 ! day-signs1 b only ! same place4 #cci ,= ,sel]'s po9t ( view on ?is "q see 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,aub9 ,tonalamatl1 ,london & ,b]l91 #aijj-a1 pp4 #aig-bbh4 ,de ,jonghe1 ,le ,cal5dri] ,mexica9 7,j\rnal ( ! ,am]icani/ ,society ( ,p>is1 ,new ,s]ies1 vol4 iii1 #aijf1 pp4 #aig-bbh71 believes t ! 8,lords ( ! ,night0 are connect$ ) ! days ( ! tonalamatl4 ,he /ates t ! comb9ation ( ^! 8,lords ( ! ,night0 ) ! day-names suffic$ to di/+ui% ! days ( ! ye> :i* by ! tonalamatl reckon+ w\ld take ! same num]al & sign4 ,?us if ! ye> began ) #a acatl1 ! #bfa/ day w\ld also be #a acatl1 b w\ld h a diff]5t 8,"l ( ! ,night40 ,?is is d5i$ by ,sel]4 #cdj ,^! are depict$ 9 ! ,aub9 tonalamatl along ) _! ?irte5 bird-disguises 9 ! second & fir/ v]tical r[s ( ! upp] & ! second1 & fir/ cross-r[s ( ! l[] half ( ! %eets1 & are display$ 9 a simil> mann] 9 ,codex ,borbonicus4 ,!re are discrepancies betwe5 ! two ,,mss41 b ^! are by no means irreconcilable4 ,?us 9 ! sev5? place ,codex ,borbonicus has ! ,maize-god ,c9teotl & ! ,aub9 tonalamatl ,macuilxo*itl or ,xo*ipilli1 :o1 h[ev]1 9 "o ( ! songs to ! gods1 is address$ z 8,c9teotl10 & s =?4 #cda ,?is1 h[ev]1 cla%es ) ,sel]'s enum]ation ( ! day & night h\rs else:]e4 #cdb ,sahagun1 bk4 ii1 c4 xix4 #cdc ,^! mon?-names be> a /rik+ resemblance to ^? ( c]ta9 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian tribes1 & are c]ta9ly seasonal 9 _! orig94 #cdd ,! ,v5us ,p]iod 9 ! ,borgian ,codex ,gr\ps1 ,engli% translation 9 ,bull4 #bh ( ! ,u4,s4 ,bureau ( ,e?nology4