,,the ,,kansas ,,university ,,science ,,bulletin4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #f--,september #aijb4 7,whole ,series1 ,vol4 ,,xi1 ,no4 #f47 ,,contents3 ,i4--,,new ,,fossils ,,from ,,the ,,upper ,,carboniferous ,,of ,,kansas1 ,j4 ,w4 ,beede4 ,,ii4--,,variation ,,of ,,the ,,spiralia ,,in ,,seminula ,,argentia 7,shepard7 ,,hall1 ,j4 ,w4 ,beede4 ,,published ,,by ,,the ,,university1 ,,lawrence1 ,,kan4 ,price of this number1 #ae cents4 ,entered at the post-office in ,lawrence as second-class matter4 ,,kansas ,,university ,,science ,,bulletin4 ,,vol4 ,i1 ,,no4 #f4 ,,september1 #aijb4 ,,whole ,,series1 ,,vol4 ,,xi1 ,,no4 #f4 ,,new ,,fossils ,,from ,,the ,,upper ,,carboniferous ,,of ,,kansas4 ,,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,beede4 ,with ,plate ,v4 ,the following will be of interest and value in completing the faunal succession of the uppermost part of the ,carboniferous1 as well as for the biologic interest of one of them4 ,ceriocrinus harshbargeri1 n4 sp4 ,plate ,v1 figs4 #a-a;c4 ,the distinctive features of this species are3 ,surface ornamented with both pustules and granules1 large interradial supporting plate above calyx1 ten short1 massive arms4 ,description3 ,calyx basin-shaped1 shallow1 quite concave below4 ,infrabasals partly covered1 but located entirely within the body cavity4 ,stem small and apparently round4 ,the five basals are large1 recurved below the middle1 concave in the center of the more depressed part1 four apparently hexagonal and one heptagonal1 and larger than the others supporting the interradial2 all higher than wide1 sutures not much depressed4 ,there are five large1 massive radials a trifle more than twice as wide as high1 well beveled1 faceted1 and apparently sagging a little on the upper articular surface4 ,interradial large1 fully half within the calyx1 higher than broad1 and the upper portion very strongly curved inward4 ,this plate supports another entirely without the calyx1 which is comparatively large and appears to be pentagonal when seen from without1 the two upper sides being much longer than the rest1 making the plate appear triangular at first sight1 fitting closely between the arms on either side4 ,the five brachial plates are large1 contiguous save on the posterior side1 and produced into an obtuse spinous process4 ,much of the upper surface of these processes is faceted1 supporting the costals1 and in this manner giving the animal its greater lateral diameter above the calyx1 and affording more room for the massive arms which1 when closed1 form a box around the inner part4 ,the costals are ten in number1 two to each brachial1 large1 nearly three times as broad as high1 and convex4 ,the distichals are sometimes present and sometimes wanting1 very broad and thin when present4 ,arms ten1 broad1 outer surface of each nearly flat massive1 composed of two series of interlocking plates1 each one of which bears a pinnule4 ,pinnul long and narrow4 ,the articular surface of the arm plates is minutely crenulated4 ,these plates decrease in length though but little in height as they approach the tips of the arms4 ,the surface of almost the entire animal was ornamented with granules1 and the lower part with both granules and pustules4 ,measurements3 height4 breadth4 length4 ,calyx #aa mm4 #cj mm4 ,basals 7vertical7 #e #ab ,radials #i #ah ,brachials #g #ag #h mm4 beyond calyx4 ,costals #d #i to #aa mm4 ,distichals #b #i ,arm plates #b #c to #e ,interradial #g #f ,aside from the markings mentioned1 the calyx is also ornamented with depressions which look at first like borings of some kind1 but which have the same granular character as the rest of the surface4 ,position and locality3 ,carboniferous1 ,upper ,coal ,measures1 ,topeka1 ,kan41 from the ,osage ,city shales1 over the ,osage coal4 ,the type was collected by ,prof4 ,w4 ,a4 ,harshbarger1 in honor of whom it is named4 ,type now in the collection of ,washburn ,college4 ,in general appearance this species is strikingly like ,c4 craigii ,worthen1 but differs in the following respects3 ,the body is not smooth but highly ornamented1 and the anal piece is much larger4 ,in all specimens of ,c4 craigii that ,i have seen the body is smooth and glossy1 and shows 7even when apparently unworn7 no indications of former surface-markings1 while this species possesses both pustules and granules1 the latter covering about the entire specimen4 ,in mature individuals the interradial is much larger4 ,two smaller specimens1 probably younger ones of this species1 are figured in the accompanying plate1 showing the relative growth of the calyx and interradial4 ,in both the ornamentation is the same as described in this species4 ,c4 monticulatus ,beede is from the same locality and horizon1 but has long1 slender arms1 brachials not spinous1 and the calyx is deeper4 ,the most fundamental difference1 however1 is the number of arms possessed by the latter species1 the number being sixteen or eighteen1 while the one here described has but ten4 ,c4 nodulifera ,butts differs from this species in having a node at the upper part of each basal and also on the radials4 ,it also has more acute and apparently longer spines4 ,mr4 ,butts makes no mention of finer surface-markings4 ,the ,topeka specimen is from a much higher horizon4 ,aviculopecten subequivalvus1 n4 sp4 ,plate ,v1 figs4 #c1 #c;a4 ,shell thick1 moderately large1 subequivalvular1 rather convex1 quite oblique1 ears well developed4 ,the hinge is nearly straight1 the beak does not project1 the angle of divergence of its sides is about eighty to ninety degrees4 ,the left valve1 exclusive of the ears1 is ovate2 anterior ear well developed1 obtusely angular1 marked only by strong lines of growth2 the rise from the ear to the body of the shell is abrupt2 the marginal sinus separating the ear from the rest of the shell broad1 shallow1 and ill-defined4 ,the posterior ear is unknown4 ,the anterior margin below the ear forms an ovate curve1 which is probably continued on the ventral and postero-ventral margins4 ,the surface of this valve is apparently marked only by stronger and fainter concentric lines except on the front and back sides1 where there are radiating rows of vaulted lamell4 ,it is entirely probable that these marks once extended over the entire surface1 but have been worn off from the more convex portions4 ,judging from another specimen1 the right valve is somewhat flatter than the left and quite as oblique4 ,posterior ear very small and obtuse2 anterior ear quite large1 marked by obscure1 large1 radiating ribs and probably vaulted lamell1 as well as strong concentric markings2 separated from the shell by a deep sulcus4 ,margin from the beak around the posterior to near the middle of the shell is a regular ovate curve1 antero-ventral margin somewhat produced but rounded1 extending obliquely toward the beak until the deep byssal sinus is reached4 ,ornamentation as in the other valve4 ,in this specimen it seems that the radiating rows of scales covered the entire surface before being worn away4 ,length1 #cf mm42 height1 #cb mm42 hinge1 #ag mm42 thickness1 about #e mm4 ,position and locality3 ,thin limestone1 south of ,dover1 ,kan41 in ,upper ,coal ,measures4 ,type in author's collection4 ,this shell may prove to be a ,pseudomonotis1 as the critical characters are not well known4 ,it is not liable to be confused with any other shell from the ,coal ,measures4 ,pinna lata1 n4 sp4 ,plate ,v1 fig4 #d4 ,shell small for this genus1 not very convex1 probably plain except the usual growth marks1 acutely pointed at the beaks1 which are terminal4 ,the angle of divergence of the shell is thirty degrees4 ,this species is based on three casts4 ,the type is not distorted1 but the posterior end is broken away4 ,there are two other specimens from the same locality1 but compressed dorso-ventrically1 which show the same characters as the type4 ,the size is about that of ,aviculopinna americana ,meek1 but the form and markings as shown on the cast are very different1 and the beaks are terminal4 ,length of type along hinge1 #bg mm42 height 7#bj mm4 back of beak71 #aa mm4 ,position and locality3 ,carboniferous1 ,upper ,coal ,measures1 ,howard limestone1 ,topeka1 ,kan4 ,the small size1 great angle of divergence at the beak and sharp-pointed beaks easily distinguish this species from other members of the genus from the ,coal ,measures4 ,pleurophorus whitei1 n4 sp4 ,plate ,v1 figs4 #e1 #e;b4 ,pleurophorus --8 ,white1 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv4 #gg1 p4 #bg1 pl4 iv1 figs4 #e-aj4 ,shell of medium to large size1 transversely ovate1 with the depth of the shell greater at the anterior than at the posterior end4 ,beaks moderately prominent1 subterminal2 umbonal ridge prominent1 extending obliquely to postero-ventral margin4 ,hinge straight or arcuate1 usually about three-fourths the length of the specimen4 ,the right posterior lamina is well shown on good casts4 ,the anterior adductor impression is usually prominent1 being set apart by the depression produced by the ridge behind it4 ,the impression of the two cardinal teeth is also visible4 ,the anterior margin drops obliquely downward from the beak nearly to the middle of the shell1 when it rounds1 rapidly at first1 into the ventral margin1 which may be straight1 somewhat sinuous or even convex on approaching the postero-ventral region3 at the end of the umbonal ridge it rounds rapidly into the posterior1 oblique truncation1 reaching the hinge at an oblique angle4 ,the lines formed by the hinge and ventral margins converge toward the posterior1 thus leaving the greatest depth of the shell in front4 ,above the umbonal ridge the shell is obliquely flattened to the hinge4 ,the surface1 as shown in excellent molds1 is ornamented only by fine lines of growth1 which are sometimes a little stronger beneath the beak than elsewhere1 and weaken on and above the umbonal slope4 ,position and locality3 ,this species is found in the ,upper ,coal ,measures1 upper ,wabaunsee stage1 east of ,barrett1 ,kan4 ,this is the only locality known to the writer where this shell1 abundant in the ,permian1 is found below the ,wreford limestone4 ,types from ,permian west of ,stockdale1 ,kan41 8about #ajj feet above ,cottonwood limestone40 ,collected by ,prof4 ,e4 ,a4 ,popenoe4 ,this species is extremely variable1 as shown in ,professor ,white's figures1 above cited4 ,the short shell with the posterior shallower than the anterior end is in sharp contrast to most of the species of the genus4 ,in surface ornamentation it resembles ,p4 tropidophorus more closely than any other species4 ,it is distinguished from ,p4 subcuneatus ,meek by its short1 thick form and larger size4 ,this species is the more abundant of the two in the ,permian rocks of the ,big ,blue series1 while ,p4 subcuneata only has been identified from the ,cimarron series4 ,allorisma kansasensis1 n4 sp4 ,plate ,v1 figs4 #f1 #f;d4 ,shell small1 rather gibbous1 transversely subovate4 ,beaks prominent1 incurved1 approximate1 located about one-third the length of the shell from the anterior end4 ,anterior outline descending obliquely from the beaks nearly to the ventral margin1 where it turns rather abruptly backward along the nearly straight basal edge to the posterior extremity1 where it rounds off regularly upward and then forward to meet the hinge4 ,the hinge is apparently straight and more than half as long as the shell4 ,the umbonal ridge is prominent1 rounded1 ill-defined1 fading away at the extremity of the shell4 ,above this ridge is a depression which1 with the smooth1 elevated hinge1 would cause a strong keel on the shell back of the beaks4 ,the concentric ribs are prominent1 fading out at the upper part of the umbonal ridge and near the anterior border4 ,these ribs are quite as prominent on the casts as on the shell itself4 ,on the central and postero-central regions are the characteristic distant1 radiating rows of fine1 closely set granules4 ,the shell is less convex below and back of the beak than on either side of this region1 though it is not concave4 ,the length varies from #a4g to #a4d the height4 ,position and locality3 ,upper ,coal ,measures1 ,howard limestone1 ,topeka1 ,kan4 ,this species is very closely related to ,a4 curta ,swallow1 but differs from it in having a straighter hinge and a more remote beak4 ,it is from a lower horizon4 ,in the latter respect it differs from ,mc,chesney's species also4 ,,paleontological ,,laboratory1 ,,indiana ,,university1 ,,may #bb1 #aijb4 ,explanation of ,plate ,v4 ,all figures about natural size4 ,drawings by ,c4 ,mc,k4 ,beede4 ,ceriocrinus harshbargeri4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,right posterior view of type4 ,,fig4 #a;a4 ,diagram of anal plates of same4 ,,fig4 #a;b4 ,surface detail enlarged4 ,,fig4 #a;c4 ,diagram of basal view4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,calyx of another specimen1 probably of this species4 ,,fig4 #b;a4 ,diagram of a portion of posterior view of another slightly smaller specimen1 showing variation in size of anal plate4 ,aviculopecten subequivalvus4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,view of type4 ,one side incomplete4 ,,fig4 #c;a4 ,opposite valve of another specimen4 ,pinna lata4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,view of type1 a left valve4 ,pleurophorus whitei4 ,,fig4 #e4 ,type specimen2 cast of a left valve on the same slab as the two following and the cephalothorax of a large limuloid4 ,,fig4 #e;a4 ,cast off a broken specimen1 showing the anterior muscular impressions4 ,,fig4 #e;b4 ,specimen of different outline4 ,allorisma kansasensis4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,imperfect cast1 showing strong concentric undulations impressed upon it4 ,,fig4 #f;a4 ,lateral view of type4 ,shell exfoliated in front4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,v4 ,,variation ,,of ,,the ,,spiralia ,,in ,,seminula ,,argentia 7,shepard7 ,hall4 ,,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,beede4 ,with ,plate ,,vi4 ,owing to the systematic importance and the rarity of good material of the brachial framework of the brachiopods1 any light on the extent of individual variation of these parts is of considerable importance4 ,in the spring of #ahii the ,university of ,kansas received from ,prof4 ,c4 ,n4 ,gould a set of ten specimens of ,seminula argentia 7,shepard7 ,hall that show the position of the spires4 ,these specimens were all from the same horizon in the ,lower ,permian4 ,the ,university also had another specimen showing these characters1 as did a specimen in the writer's collection4 ,recently the study of these specimens was taken up and some remarkable results developed4 ,both valves of this species are quite convex and not infrequently as broad as long4 ,the older specimens are quite ventricose4 ,however1 the shell is subject to a considerable variation in form4 ,four of the twelve specimens studied were somewhat compressed1 but it so happens that three of these approach the normal type very closely1 while the fourth does not vary from it greatly4 ,those showing greatest variation have not been subject to any visible external deformation4 ,the specimens under discussion are of about the average size and form4 ,the normal position of the spire is with its apex pointing to the side1 near the line where the valves meet1 at1 or a little in front of1 the middle of the shell1 which is also the widest point4 ,in the central part of the shell cavity the edges of the spires nearly meet4 ,in front they flare apart1 leaving a large1 subcircular opening4 ,for convenience1 in this paper1 this opening will be spoken of as the frontal aperture of the spiralia4 ,it will also be necessary to orient the specimens so that definite positions may be referred to4 ,for this purpose we will consider the specimens as front toward 7back away from7 the observer1 with the brachial valve uppermost4 ,a specimen from the ,topeka limestone1 ,upper ,coal ,measures1 at ,topeka1 ,kan41 shows the spires with the apex of one of them pointing almost directly forward toward the anterior end of the shell1 turned through a horizontal angle of about ninety degrees from its normal position1 while1 as nearly as may be determined from the specimen as cut1 the apex of the other one is directed toward the median line of the pedicle valve just in front of the hinge4 ,this specimen was selected to be ground1 because it was a good specimen1 of normal form4 ,another specimen 7,no4 #c71 from the ,permian of ,cowley county1 ,kansas1 has the apices of the spires turned at an angle of about forty-five degrees or more in a vertical direction1 causing the point of the spire to be located near the middle of the right side of the brachial valve1 while the other points to the opposite of the pedicle valve4 ,the spire is quite flattened1 approaching disk shape1 with the apex quite obtuse and the frontal aperture very narrow and almost slit-like 7this may be partially due to a very slight compression1 but the compression1 if present1 is so slight as to modify it very little71 owing to the position of the spires in the shell1 which prevents their flaring much at the front4 ,the shell is not an old one1 and1 for this reason1 is somewhat less ventricose than many adults4 ,the young specimens are much flatter than the old ones in this species4 ,the spiralia of ,no4 #aj are turned in a similar manner1 but through a much smaller angle4 ,the frontal aperture is typical1 as is also the general form of the shell4 ,the spiralia are conical1 and the tips probably acute4 ,in ,no4 #f the position of the spiralia1 their form and that of the aperture are normal4 ,nos4 #f and #i show spines on the spires4 ,the spines are closely set1 thick1 blunt1 and nearly twice as long as broad4 ,in fact1 some appear to be nearly as large at the tips as at the base4 ,in ,no4 #i the spires are normal1 except that1 instead of being flaring conical1 they are more in the shape of a folded shield shape with acute apex4 ,in other words1 the frontal aperture is produced by the dorso-ventral compression of the entire cone rather than the flaring of the frontal portion4 ,the apex of the left spire is bent somewhat downward4 ,the position of the spiralia in ,no4 #g is about normal1 the tips obtuse1 the spires almost perfectly depressed conical1 frontal aperture only slightly wider than the space farther back on the side next the brachial valve4 ,no4 #e has apparently been compressed laterally1 through this compression did not affect the positions of the spiralia1 for they are normal4 ,they appear to have been of the typical form in every respect4 ,in ,no4 #h the spires seem to have been turned through a slight vertical angle1 though the incompleteness of the specimen prevents a close study of position4 ,the form was apparently normal1 except that the lower edges may have been somewhat pressed inward4 ,nos4 #a and #d are about normal throughout4 ,no4 #b is normal as far as can be seen1 except that the apices are turned through a small vertical angle4 ,the anterior portion of the pedicle valve is crushed in4 ,no4 #ab is normal throughout4 ,it is unfortunate that none of the specimens show the crural attachment of the spiralia4 ,such structures must certainly vary in order to support the spires in their various positions4 ,the above facts would seem to indicate the following conclusions3 ,first1 in those spire-bearing brachiopods in which the form of the shell does not govern the position of the spires1 the ,athyrid in particular1 the spires may be subject to a considerable variation in both position and form4 ,second1 that the crural supports are probably so modified as to accommodate the spires in their various positions4 ,in the light of the foregoing1 it will be seen that in the future it will be necessary to study the structure of several specimens before using small variations of internal structure in these shells as bases for group divisions4 ,one might expect greater individual variation among the ,flint ,hills specimens1 owing to the physical changes that were taking place during the close of the ,carboniferous and the early ,permian2 changes which soon caused this species1 together with many others1 to become extinct4 ,however1 this cannot be said of the most striking case 7,no4 #aa7 from the ,topeka limestone4 ,it would seem that such variations as are found in ,nos4 #c and #aa would be decidedly detrimental to the well-being of the animal1 though the latter of the two seems to have been a vigorous individual4 ,,indiana ,,university1 ,,bloomington1 ,,april #h1 #aijb4 ,explanation of ,plate ,,vi4 ,drawings by ,sydney ,prentice1 except ,no4 #ab1 which is by ,c4 ,mc,k4 ,beede4 ,all specimens natural size4 ,seminula argentia4 ,variation of spires4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,specimen brachial side up4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,this specimen shows spires viewed with pedicle side partly removed4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,pedicle view1 showing part of spire4 ,,fig4 #c;a4 ,above individual1 brachial side up4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,brachial side of fig4 #d;a4 ,,fig4 #d;a4 ,pedicle view of specimen1 showing position of spires4 ,,figs4 #e and #e;a are the brachial and pedicle views of a somewhat laterally compressed specimen4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,pedicle view of specimen4 ,,fig4 #f;a4 ,brachial view of fig4 #f4 ,,figs4 #g and #g;a are the brachial and pedicle views of a specimen4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,this figure probably shows the brachial side of specimen1 while fig4 #h;a is the opposite side4 ,,fig4 #i4 ,brachial view4 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,the pedicle view of a specimen1 and fig4 #aj;a the brachial side of the same4 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,brachial valve nearly ground away1 to show spire4 ,the sickle-shaped structure is probably the base of the opposite spire4 ,beede's collection4 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,specimen with brachial valve largely broken away4 ,all specimens but ,no4 #aa in collection of ,university of ,kansas4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes #a4 ,silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling4 #b4 ,retained archaic1 non-standard1 and uncertain spellings as printed4 #c4 ,enclosed italics font in underscores4 #d4 ,enclosed bold font in equals4