,transcriber's ,note ,italic text displayed as3 italic ,illustration3 ,,the ,,chickamauga ,,dam and its environs by robert sparks walker ,illustration3 ,the ,chickamauga ,dam and ,lock ,,the ,,chickamauga ,,dam ,,and ,,its ,,environs ,,by ,,robert ,,sparks ,,walker ,illustration3 ,motorboat ,,andrews ,,printing ,,company ,chattanooga1 ,tennessee #aidi ,copyright1 #aidi by ,,robert ,,sparks ,,walker ,price #ej ,cents ,companion ,book3 ,,this ,,is ,,chattanooga ,price #ge ,cents ,printed and bound in the ,united ,states of ,america ,the ,chickamauga ,dam and ,its ,environs ,well1 here we are1 standing on the top of a huge pile of concrete #abi feet above the ground floor1 about seven miles from the center of ,chattanooga4 ,what a beautiful body of water it is that spreads before us to the east6 ,it is a lovely creation4 ,i think you will agree that its shoreline warrants its claim to as much beauty as the water itself4 ,really1 ,i find it so inviting that ,i would like to join you in a hike all the way along its many little peninsulas1 capes1 inlets and tiny bays1 halting long enough to see the loveliest wild flowers1 vines1 trees and birds1 especially the waterfowls which have been attracted here chiefly because they find good fishing4 ,suppose we pause a moment and do a little figuring4 ,if we should walk twenty miles each day1 it would take us forty days to walk around the shoreline of this lake4 ,on our way up the river1 fifty-nine miles from here1 we would walk directly into the ,watts ,bar ,dam4 ,there we would cross over to descend the east side of the ,chickamauga ,lake4 ,while we were at ,watts ,bar ,dam1 surely some person would tell us that seventy-two miles farther upstream is the ,fort ,loudon ,dam1 whose waters back up as far as ,knoxville1 ,tennessee1 a city that is #fej miles from where the ,tennessee empties into the ,ohio4 ,by the time we had walked back to our starting point1 we would have trekked #haj miles4 ,if the water that is now passing by could talk so we could understand1 some of it would tell us that it has come from storage dams that have been built on the tributaries of the ,tennessee ,river4 ,the dams thus reporting would be1 ,hiwassee1 ,norris1 ,fontana1 ,cherokee1 ,douglas1 ,ocoee1 ,apalachia and ,chatuge4 ,the ,,tva also has control of the water of the following five dams of the ,aluminum ,company of ,america3 ,calderwood1 ,cheoah1 ,glenville1 ,nantahala1 and ,santeetlah4 ,what do you really see here8 ,briefly1 there are a navigation lock #fj by #cfj feet1 a concrete spillway1 a concrete powerhouse intake section1 a concrete bulkhead section1 and an earth embankment on each side4 ,it calls for a long stretch of the legs to walk from one end to the other4 ,the spillway section which includes eighteen piers1 is #hfd feet long4 ,the eighteen gates are forty feet wide and forty feet high4 ,the earth embankment to our left on the north side1 is #a1cij feet in length2 the embankment on our right1 or south side1 is #c1jjj feet long4 ,the total length is approximately #e1hjj feet or a little more than a mile4 ,the spillway section has a width of eighty-two feet at its base4 ,including the apron1 its width increases to a hundred and twenty-five feet4 ,the power station with its three units has a generating capacity of #ha1jjj kilowatts4 ,there are three hydraulic turbines1 and one more can be added4 ,the ,tennessee ,valley ,authority ,act of #aicc1 passed by ,congress1 gave power to the board to construct dams in the ,tennessee ,river4 ,accordingly1 the ,,tva began work on the ,chickamauga ,dam1 ,january #ac1 #aicf4 ,the project was finished ,january #ca1 #aida1 or five years after the work was started4 ,the filling of the reservoir was begun ,january #ae1 #aidj4 ,in that time #b1eaj1hjj cubic yards of earth were handled and #dia1hjj cubic yards of concrete poured4 ,the total cost of constructing the ,chickamauga ,dam1 including the cost of acquiring all the lands1 totaled thirty-eight million dollars4 ,it is well to remember that the water shed of the ,tennessee ,river embraces #dj1iaj square miles4 ,believe it or not1 about half of that area is found above the ,chickamauga ,dam4 ,this upper basin has an average rainfall of #ej4h inches4 ,,looking ,,westward ,let us now turn our backs to the ,chickamauga ,lake for a glimpse towards the west4 ,to the southwest1 we see ,lookout ,mountain standing like a bright cameo in a position as if it were looking down on ,chattanooga4 ,to our right1 we view the head of another rocky monster that is looking southward4 ,this is ,signal ,mountain1 which is simply the local name for the southern end of ,waldens ,ridge4 ,a little to our left1 in the background between ,signal and ,lookout ,mountains1 stands ,raccoon ,mountain4 ,these are parts of the ,cumberlands and are plateaus1 each of them being quite flat on its top4 ,their average altitude is approximately #b1jjj feet above the sea4 ,the ,cumberlands were so named by ,dr4 ,thomas ,walker in #agdh in honor of the ,duke of ,cumberland1 ,william ,augustus1 who two years previous had defeated the ,scotch in the battle of ,culloden4 ,following that bloody event1 the ,duke was so bitterly hated that the early ,scotch settlers in ,america refused to call the mountains by the name ,cumberland1 preferring to speak of them by their ,cherokee name ,ouisoto ,mountains1 7pronounced ,we-soto74 ,if we could leap like a giant kangaroo1 the first kick of our hind legs down the ,tennessee ,river would leave us standing on the dam at ,hales ,bar1 forty miles from here4 ,another leap of eighty-two miles and we would rest on ,guntersville ,dam in ,alabama4 ,our third leap would take us seventy-four miles farther on where we would strike the ,wheeler ,dam4 ,next a kitten's spring of only sixteen miles and we would strike the ,wilson ,dam4 ,a sudden jump of #eb miles would leave us astride the ,pickwick ,dam1 and then a tremendous long leap of #ahd miles and we would find ourselves perched on the ,kentucky ,dam1 only twenty-three miles from the mouth of the ,tennessee ,river at ,paducah1 ,kentucky4 ,if we chose to continue the journey to the mouth of the river we would find ourselves #dga miles from where we now stand on the ,chickamauga ,dam4 ,illustration3 ,,diagram ,,of ,,tva ,,water ,,control ,,system ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,tennessee ,,river ,the high railroad bridge we see directly in front of us is where the ,cincinnati-,chattanooga division of the ,southern ,railway crosses the river4 ,this railroad is owned by the city of ,cincinnati and leased by the ,southern ,railway4 ,the creek a few rods to our right is the ,north ,chickamauga4 ,it has its source on ,waldens ,ridge and leaves the mountain about fifteen miles from here at ,daisy1 ,tennessee1 where it has chiseled out a marvelously beautiful gulch of rustic beauty4 ,when the ,chickamauga ,dam was begun1 this creek emptied into the river a short distance above the dam1 but after an artificial bed was dug1 its course was changed so that it would find the river below the dam4 ,to our left1 on the south side1 we can see where the ,south ,chickamauga ,creek empties into the ,tennessee4 ,it was there that the ,federal troops under ,general ,w4 ,t4 ,sherman crossed on pontoon bridges at daylight1 ,november #bd1 #ahfc4 ,the steamer ,dunbar assisted in transporting ,sherman's division to the other side of the river4 ,a pontoon was also laid across the mouth of the ,chickamauga4 ,it was then that ,sherman attacked the right wing of ,general ,bragg's ,confederate forces1 which occupied ,missionary ,ridge from this north end to the south4 ,sherman was fighting throughout the day while the battle of ,lookout ,mountain was raging to our southwest4 ,because ,missionary ,ridge ends near the ,chickamauga ,dam1 and since the battle fought there on ,november #be1 #ahfc1 has been regarded by some historians as the turning point in the ,civil ,war1 a little later ,i shall describe briefly that battle4 ,for the present we shall leave some of the interesting places below the dam in order to tell about a few sites and historical events that took place above the dam and along the ,south ,chickamauga ,creek4 ,,dallas ,,and ,,dallas ,,island ,the waters that gather above the ,chickamauga ,dam have quite naturally obliterated some old village sites and some prehistoric mounds4 ,it was fortunate1 however1 that the ,department of ,archaeology1 under the direction of ,t4 ,m4 ,n4 ,lewis1 of the ,university of ,tennessee1 made scientific explorations of the ancient dwelling places and the mounds4 ,the facts and the artifacts thus obtained have been preserved for posterity4 ,on ,february #bf1 #aidj1 when the navigation lock at the ,chickamauga ,dam was opened1 since there was no ,cherokee ,indian to represent the aborigines who used the ,tennessee to make the initial trip through it1 it was a fortunate circumstance that ,nature stepped in and saved the day on that memorable occasion and let a large turtle swim through4 ,it was a splendid model for a river boat1 somewhat made on the order of a submarine1 a natural boat propelled by living paddles and guided by a live rudder4 ,it passed through the lock as freely as if it had been commissioned to serve as the official representative of the river's inhabitants4 ,illustration3 ,military ,bridge over the ,tennessee ,river at ,chattanooga in #ahfc ,among the historical places blotted out by waters of ,chickamauga ,dam was ,oo-le-quah1 or ,dallas ,island1 situated a few miles upstream4 ,on the higher ground overlooking the isle was the village of ,dallas1 which1 in #ahai1 became the seat of government at the time ,hamilton ,county1 in which the ,chickamauga ,dam is situated1 was carved out of the ,hiwassee ,purchase4 ,the new county's south boundary at that date was the ,tennessee ,river1 which up to about the year #ahjj1 had been known to the ,indians as the ,hogohegee ,river4 ,the ,cherokees still remained in possession of the land south of the river4 ,,harrison ,when the state of ,georgia1 by force1 took possession of the ,cherokee lands within her borders1 some of the prominent ,indians sought refuge in ,tennessee4 ,among those who were chased out of ,georgia was ,joseph ,vann of ,spring ,place1 a dozen miles east of ,dalton4 ,james ,vann1 the father of ,joseph1 had married a full-blooded ,cherokee4 ,he was a prosperous farmer4 ,the two and a half-story brick residence he erected about the year #agig still stands at ,spring ,place and has been tenanted through the years4 ,it is looked on today as a splendid example of early architecture4 ,illustration3 ,an old boatman on the ,tennessee ,river operating his hand-propelled paddle wheel boat4 ,after leaving ,georgia1 ,joseph ,vann settled on the south bank of the ,tennessee ,river1 a few miles above the ,chickamauga ,dam4 ,he was very industrious1 and soon there were thirty-five houses erected and occupied on his property4 ,the village was known as ,vanntown4 ,there was scarcely a moment's rest1 however1 for the poor ,indians4 ,the greedy whites kept encroaching on their real estate until only a small portion of their once large territory remained4 ,several years previously the government had induced some of the ,cherokees to move to the ,arkansas1 west of the ,mississippi4 ,the last of the ,cherokees departed in #ahch4 ,at that time the white settlers took possession of the lands lying south of the ,tennessee ,river4 ,three years previous to that date1 however1 the whites had slowly been slipping into their lands4 ,hamilton ,county's boundary was then extended to take in the ,cherokee lands from the ,tennessee ,river to the ,georgia line4 ,it was at that time that ,dallas lost the county seat1 since ,vanntown was chosen and a court house was erected4 ,this happened about the time that ,william ,h4 ,harrison was elected ,president of the ,united ,states1 so ,vanntown became ,harrison1 ,tennessee4 ,illustration3 ,a ,near ,view of the ,chickamauga ,dam and ,lock4 ,about the year #ahae1 following the close of the ,creek ,war1 ,john ,ross1 ,cherokee1 and ,timothy ,meigs1 son of ,return ,j4 ,meigs1 the ,indian ,agent1 established a trading post seven miles south of the ,chickamauga ,dam4 ,they operated a ferry as well as a general store4 ,the place became known as ,ross' ,landing1 but when the ,indians had departed for the lands in the ,west1 the whites had the town surveyed1 and the name was changed to ,chattanooga4 ,john ,p4 ,long became the first postmaster1 ,march #bb1 #ahcg4 ,however1 this was not the first post office established in the old ,cherokee lands1 for on ,april #e1 #ahag1 ,rossville post office was established four miles to the south with ,john ,ross as postmaster4 ,this was said to have been the first post office established in this part of the ,cherokee ,nation4 ,the word ,chattanooga is a corruption in the spelling of the ,muskogean word ,chatanugi1 which years previously had been the name of ,lookout ,mountain1 meaning 8rock coming to a point40 ,in the narrow valley between the east side of ,lookout ,mountain and ,missionary ,ridge is a small stream which was also known as ,chatanugi ,creek4 ,near its mouth where it empties into the ,tennessee was1 in the #ahth century1 a small ,indian village by the same name4 ,it is an interesting geological fact that in ages past the water we now know as the ,tennessee ,river flowed south of the east base of ,lookout ,mountain and emptied into the ,coosa ,river in what is now ,alabama4 ,a later upheaval blocked its southern passage and forced it to seek a new route1 which it did by cutting out its way through the rough rocks of the ,cumberlands4 ,the town of ,chattanooga kept growing and was chosen as the county seat4 ,harrison1 which for many years had been full of promise for growing into a large and thriving city1 began to dwindle until it was left behind as an ordinary village1 which was wiped off of the map by the waters after the building of the ,chickamauga ,dam4 ,the forming of the ,chickamauga ,lake created so many beautiful sites along its margin that hundreds of families could not resist the advantages offered by the board of the ,,tva to take up sites for summer homes and camps4 ,at various places on the lake are to be found beautiful cottages and bungalows where families enjoy recreation as well as the pure atmosphere and the cool currents of air that come from the fresh waters4 ,there they enjoy boating1 fishing and other sports1 not only along the shores of ,harrison ,bay ,state ,park1 but also at ,soddy and other choice situations4 ,when the town of ,harrison was obliterated by the impounded waters of ,chickamauga ,lake1 there came into existence new ,harrison1 whose people today enjoy boating and fishing where ,joseph ,vann and other ,cherokees once produced crops of hay and corn4 ,,hiwassee ,,island ,a few miles upstream from the obliterated ,dallas ,island there was located until the completion of the ,chickamauga ,dam1 the second largest island in the ,tennessee ,river4 ,this was ,hiwassee ,island1 which contained #gha acres1 was two miles long1 and a mile wide4 ,it received its name from the ,hiwassee ,river1 which finds the ,tennessee east of the island4 ,beginning in #aicg and continuing for two consecutive years the ,archaelogical ,department of the ,university of ,tennessee succeeded in completing the excavations of all village sites and mounds on this historical island4 ,the result of these investigations were published in #aidf by the ,university ,press1 ,knoxville1 in a book entitled the ,hiwassee ,island1 by ,t4 ,m4 ,n4 ,lewis and ,madeline ,kneberg4 ,when the white settlers came into ,tennessee1 they found ,hiwassee ,island was being ruled by the honest and kind-hearted ,cherokee ,chief ,oolooteeskee1 popularly known as ,john ,jolly4 ,in #ahji1 when ,sam ,houston was #af years old1 he visited ,hiwassee ,island4 ,chief ,jolly became so fond of the lad that he adopted him1 rechristening him ,the ,raven4 ,several years previous1 ,jolly's brother1 ,tahkinsteeska1 had moved to ,arkansas and was the principal chief of the ,cherokees in the ,west4 ,in #ahah1 ,john ,jolly decided to join his brother4 ,although agents of the ,united ,states had been persuading the ,cherokee to move to the new lands west of the ,mississippi1 it was necessary that when they chose to do so they must obtain a permit to make the change1 as indicated in the following official paper3 8,john ,jolly1 the bearer1 having under his superintendence #af boats laden with ,cherokee families and their property are on their way to the ,arkansas ,river to enter lands designated for them by the ,treaty in ,july last1 in exchange for lands here relinquished by them to the ,united ,states1 which ,treaty was constitutionally ratified the #beth of ,december1 #ahag4 ,the said ,cherokee ,nation being at peace and friendship with the ,united ,states1 are entitled to the confidence and friendly offices of the citizens1 and therefore recommended to all such with whom they may meet on their passage to the place of their destination4 ,they are hereby particularly recommended for aid 7should their circumstances need it7 to the officers commanding military posts1 or stations on their line of movement4 8,given under my hand and seal of the ,cherokee ,agency the #bfth day of ,january1 #ahah1 and in the #dcrd year of ,american ,liberty and ,independence40 7,,seal7 ,,return ,j4 ,,meigs4 ,sam ,houston1 however1 did not go with his foster-father on this long journey4 ,he remained in ,tennessee and studied law4 ,a few years later1 ,houston was elected governor of ,tennessee4 ,not long thereafter he married a ,miss ,allen of ,nashville1 ,tennessee1 and in three months he left her and resigned as governor4 ,houston then sought his old friend and foster-father on the ,arkansas ,river and married ,chief ,jolly's niece1 a ,cherokee by the name of ,tiana ,rogers4 ,houston's next move took him to ,texas where he became commander-in-chief of the ,texan army4 ,after defeating ,santa ,ana in ,april1 #ahcf1 thereby winning the independence of ,texas1 ,houston became the first president of the republic of ,texas4 ,it was due to his negotiations that ,texas was annexed by the ,united ,states in #ahde4 ,the flooding of the ,hiwassee ,island by the waters of the ,chickamauga ,dam put an end to its history as a place where human beings might reside4 ,if we could have stood on the bank of the river here almost #bjj years ago1 we would have been amazed at the sight of the curious kinds of watercraft floating by4 ,perhaps1 the most primitive type would have been the bullboat1 which was made by stretching a wet buffalo hide with hair on the inside over a framework of willow strips1 in the shape of a tub or a canoe1 about seven feet in diameter4 ,the bowl-shaped type would carry about #gjj pounds4 ,it was propelled with a paddle made of wood1 or with the shoulder blade of a buffalo fastened to a stick for a handle4 ,every now and then would have passed us a big flat boat resembling in shape a big box floating on the water1 carrying as its cargo human families with their possessions4 ,this rather frail boat was known as an ark1 because it suggested the ,biblical boat made by ,noah4 ,the ark served the early ,american settler so well that one writer at least has aptly asserted that 8it was out of the womb of an ark that our nation was born40 ,illustration3 ,steamboat being warped through 8,the ,suck0 ,we would have been well entertained by the frequent passing of the flatboats4 ,the average rivercraft of this sort would carry about #djj barrels of goods4 ,about two-thirds of the flatboat was roofed like an ordinary house to keep families and cargo dry4 ,there also would have been seen many popular keelboats4 ,compared to the boxlike ark1 the keelboat was graceful1 long and slender1 ranging in length from forty to eighty feet1 sharp at each end and with a shallow keel4 ,most of the keelboats were well roofed4 ,sometimes a sail was hoisted to aid the crew in the difficult task of rowing the boat4 ,illustration3 ,bullboat made of buffalo skin and used by the ,indians on the ,tennessee ,river ,we would have seen some barges1 too4 ,the average length of this kind of boat was from fifty to one hundred twenty feet with a width from twelve to twenty feet4 ,a cabin was built at the stern1 and fastened to the one or two masts were square sails4 ,illustration3 ,primitive types of boats that were used on the ,tennessee ,river #a--,pirogue2 #b--;,canoe2 #c--;,bateau2 #d--,keelboat2 #e--;,flatboat2 #f--;,ark2 #g--;,barge4 ,besides the light canoes1 we would have noticed the passing of the dug-out1 known as a pirogue4 ,a boat of this kind was made by hollowing out a log of cottonwood1 tulip1 sycamore or other tree with an adz or by fire4 ,one or both ends were left square4 ,a very large pirogue would have passed which was made by chopping out two large trees1 and using one tree for each side of the boat1 filling in the middle with planks1 and then sealing the bottom so that it was watertight4 ,such a boat would carry several tons of produce and as many as twenty-five men4 ,there would be passing a few flattened boats with tapering ends known as bateaux4 ,a bateau was not as clumsy as the pirogue to handle in the water4 ,the very light bateau was known as a skiff4 ,the sizes of the bateaux varied1 and each of the larger kinds used on the river was able to carry fifty tons of cargo4 ,,battle ,,of ,,missionary ,,ridge ,i shall now resume the story of the ,battle of ,missionary ,ridge1 a brief reference to it having been previously made when ,general ,sherman's crossing the river near this point was mentioned4 ,on ,september #ai and #bj1 #ahfc1 the ,federals in command of ,general ,rosecrans had suffered a defeat at the battle of ,chickamauga1 in which a total of about #cd1jjj men were killed and wounded1 the casualties being about evenly divided4 ,in the battle of ,lookout ,mountain1 ,november #bd1 the ,confederates suffered severe losses1 including that strategic point4 ,during that night the ,confederates withdrew their forces to ,missionary ,ridge where they joined ,general ,bragg's troops4 ,throughout the day of the battle of ,lookout ,mountain ,sherman persisted in pounding at ,bragg's right wing1 the object being to force him to weaken his center by strengthening his right wing4 ,if this had happened1 ,general ,grant1 then stationed on ,orchard ,knob1 a few miles south of this dam1 would have struck a heavy blow to ,bragg's center and split the ,confederates in two1 making their capture a certainty4 ,this was ,november #beth4 ,at #b3cj o'clock in the afternoon the ,federals were in battleline facing ,missionary ,ridge and were waiting patiently for official orders to attack4 ,notice was given them to be ready to advance at a signal of the firing of six cannons two seconds apart from ,orchard ,knob4 ,illustration3 ,passing through the ,chickamauga ,lock ,illustration3 ,eight sail boats racing on ,chickamauga ,lake ,impatient soldiers anxiously counted the minutes waiting for the booming of the six cannons4 ,the thrill came promptly at #c o'clock1 when the noise of the half dozen cannons startled their ears4 ,with a wild rush1 even though they were under terrific fire from ,bragg's army on ,missionary ,ridge1 the ,union soldiers succeeded in driving the ,confederates from the first line of trenches4 ,there they had been ordered to halt and wait for further orders4 ,after a moment's pause1 as if for the purpose of gaining a deep breath1 there was a roar and shout from thousands of throats along the entire ,federal line1 as the troops plunged forward without official orders from commanding officers4 ,in the next few moments there was made one of the most remarkable charges that was ever recorded in military history4 ,just as ,general ,hooker's troops had the previous day enthusiastically stormed the ,confederates stationed on the slopes of ,lookout ,mountain1 so on the following day1 did the ,federal army under ,grant sweep up the western slopes of ,missionary ,ridge1 taking the advance line of the ,confederates before them4 ,because of the nearness of the two contending forces the ,confederate batteries stationed on the crest of the ridge could not be used4 ,the ,union men moved forward yelling as they fired their muskets1 whereupon ,bragg's line broke in wild confusion and was swept entirely from ,missionary ,ridge's full length1 except a small section near the railroad tunnel at the north end4 ,bragg's men fled eastward and the ,union troops pursued them as far as the ,georgia line4 ,the ,confederates lost forty cannon1 #g1jjj stand of arms1 and #f1fhg men4 ,the ,federals lost #e1hae men4 ,the battle of ,missionary ,ridge was so closely connected with that of ,lookout ,mountain1 some students of military history at least think of it as the second day's battle of ,lookout ,mountain4 ,,chickamauga ,john ,p4 ,long1 ,chattanooga's first postmaster1 who lived among the ,cherokees1 stated that the meaning of the word ,chickamauga is 8sluggish water40 ,j4 ,p4 ,brown1 however1 in his book entitled ,old ,frontiers says the word means 8dwelling place of the war chief40 ,the ,chickamauga ,dam was so named because of its being situated near the mouth of the ,north and ,south ,chickamauga ,creeks4 ,in the early days of the ,indians' occupancy of this territory there was a village at the mouth of the ,south ,chickamauga known as ,bulltown4 ,about eighty miles northeast of the ,chickamauga ,dam1 in the ,little ,tennessee ,river near old ,fort ,loudon1 was ,mialoquo1 a very prominent island where lived many prominent ,cherokees4 ,dragging ,canoe was the leader of the militant minded ,indians there4 ,in #aggj there passed down the ,tennessee ,river at the site of the ,chickamauga ,dam a ,scotch trader by the name of ,john ,mc,donald4 ,with him was a half-breed ,cherokee by the name of ,william ,shorey4 ,they turned their boats which held their possessions up the ,south ,chickamauga ,creek and paddled and poled for about seven miles upstream1 halting at the crossing of the ,great ,war ,path where the ,lee ,highway now crosses the ,chickamauga ,creek4 ,at this point1 ,john ,mc,donald decided to establish a trading post4 ,the old ,scotchman soon proved himself a good business man because he became very prosperous4 ,at the outbreak of the ,american ,revolution the ,cherokees aligned themselves on the side of the ,british4 ,mc,donald was appointed the sub-agent for the ,king's service1 and his place was the headquarters for ,tories and ,indians south of the ,ohio ,river4 ,john ,mc,donald married ,anna ,shorey1 daughter of ,william ,shorey4 ,the location of his home and store is now the site of the ,brainerd ,mission1 which was established in later years4 ,directly across the ,chickamauga from ,mc,donald's was ,chickamauga ,town1 that stretched a mile on the higher ground1 ending at the present ,chattanooga ,airport4 ,in #ahdi1 when the state of ,georgia finished the ,western and ,atlantic ,railroad1 a station and post office was established there known as ,chickamauga1 ,tennessee4 ,it became a busy village where thousands of dollars worth of farm produce was bought and shipped4 ,after ,general ,bragg abandoned ,chattanooga1 ,chickamauga became the terminus where the ,confederate troops and supplies were loaded and unloaded4 ,in #aggg the ,cherokee settlements from ,virginia to the ,chattahoochee ,river were destroyed by the whites4 ,following these heavy losses1 the ,lower ,cherokees gave up all their lands lying in ,south ,carolina1 except a very small strip on their western boundary4 ,two months later1 the ,middle and ,upper ,cherokees signed away their lands lying east of the ,blue ,ridge4 ,about the same time they ceded their lands in northeast ,tennessee to the white man4 ,most of the ,cherokees1 feeling helpless1 accepted the unjust treatment1 but the loss of their most valuable ground was more than ,dragging ,canoe could endure4 ,this patriotic ,cherokee declared that before he would submit to such an outrageous treaty1 which swindled his people boldly1 he would go to war4 ,there were hundreds of other brave ,indians who felt as did ,dragging ,canoe and were awaiting an opportunity to strike back at the greedy whites1 hoping thereby to regain some of their lost property4 ,when ,dragging ,canoe made his intentions known1 there were attracted to him the bravest of his tribe1 who seceded from the ,cherokee1 organizing themselves into a militant wing which became known as the ,chickamaugas4 ,they settled at various places on the ,chickamauga ,creek4 ,this beautiful stream of water is formed by the aquatic contributions of many other creeks4 ,it rises in northwest ,georgia1 and as it flows northwest it collects the waters from other sources4 ,one mile above the site of ,john ,mc,donald's trading post it receives the water from the ,west ,chickamauga1 which has its source at the junction of ,pigeon and ,lookout ,mountains1 thirty-five miles south of ,chattanooga4 ,this is the ,chickamauga ,creek which gave the name to the battle of ,chickamauga4 ,it might properly be stated here that the many references to it in ,civil ,war history as meaning 8the river of death0 is an error4 ,henry ,hamilton1 ,british ,governor of the ,northwest ,territory1 stationed at ,detroit1 had transported on horseback from ,pensacola thousands of dollars in army supplies1 which were stored at ,mc,donald's for the ,cherokees to use in their warfare against the ,americans4 ,hamilton had offered so many rewards to the ,indians for the scalps of revolutionists that he was popularly dubbed the ,hair ,buyer4 ,john ,stuart was the ,british ,agent for the ,south who had charge of seeing that the war supplies were kept at ,mc,donald's4 ,everything went well until the ,americans1 in command of ,colonels ,evan ,shelby and ,montgomery1 got into boats at ,kingsport1 ,tennessee1 in the spring of #aggi1 and descended the ,tennessee ,river4 ,soon after passing where the ,chickamauga ,dam now stands1 they piloted their boats to the south side1 where they found an ,indian fishing4 ,they made a prisoner of him and forced him to guide them to ,chickamauga ,town1 ,dragging ,canoe's headquarters4 ,on reaching ,chickamauga1 they took the ,indians by surprise1 captured all of the supplies the ,british had stored with ,mc,donald1 and burnt the buildings to the ground4 ,among the spoils were #aej head of horses which the officers employed for riding back home4 ,dragging ,canoe's brother1 ,little ,owl1 who settled two miles upstream at the same time ,chickamauga ,town was selected1 had his village destroyed by ,shelby's men shortly after they had reduced to ashes the capital of the ,chickamaugas4 ,there were many prominent ,cherokees living at ,chickamauga ,town1 among them was one named ,long ,fellow1 a son of ,nancy ,ward1 the beloved ,cherokee woman4 ,dragging ,canoe and ,little ,owl were first cousins of ,nancy ,ward4 ,illustration3 ,motor boats speeding on ,chickamauga ,lake ,in #aghe an ,indian trader by the name of ,mayberry left ,baltimore with a supply of goods4 ,daniel ,ross1 a young man from ,sutherlandshire1 ,scotland1 met ,mayberry1 and being full of adventure joined him on the proposed journey south4 ,they took to the ,tennessee ,river at ,kingsport and on their way down stream learned from a ,chickasaw ,indian1 who was a passenger on the boat1 that both ,ross and ,mayberry were to be captured4 ,when they landed at ,brown's ,ferry1 a short distance below ,ross' ,landing1 the ,indians were suspicious of the new arrivals4 ,chief ,bloody ,fellow asked for an immediate execution1 but before a definite decision was reached1 a messenger was sent to confer with ,john ,mc,donald at ,chickamauga4 ,mc,donald was able to secure the release of the two men4 ,later1 ,daniel ,ross married ,molly ,mc,donald1 daughter of ,john ,mc,donald1 and ,john ,ross1 who later became the most distinguished ,chief of the ,cherokee ,nation1 was their son4 ,ten miles northeast of ,dragging ,canoe's ,chickamauga ,town was another ,cherokee settlement known as ,ooltewah4 ,some of the ,cherokees most prominent men once lived in that region1 especially along ,ooltewah ,creek1 which name has been corrupted to ,wolf ,tever4 ,much of the land there which was formerly occupied by the ,cherokees1 has been inundated by the ,chickamauga ,dam4 ,among the ,cherokees once living there was ,ostenaco1 popularly known in history as ,judd's ,friend4 ,following the disgraceful treaty of ,long ,island1 in #aggg1 ,ostenaco joined the ,chickamaugas and moved to ,ooltewah4 ,in #agfj1 when the ,british troops surrendered ,fort ,loudon1 ,ostenaco was one of the chiefs to march out with the conquered soldiers4 ,the day's trek took the #ahj soldiers #ae miles where they encamped on ,cane ,creek4 ,at daybreak the next morning the ,british were attacked by several hundred ,cherokees1 and after they had killed ,paul ,demere1 who had been in command of the fort1 and #bc of his men1 ,ostenaco ran about the field yelping like a wolf in an effort to stop the ,indians from fighting4 ,he thus saved the lives of many white soldiers4 ,after the restoration of peace ,ostenaco went on a visit to ,williamsburg1 ,virginia1 and there saw a picture of ,king ,george ,,iii4 ,this fired his ambition to make a journey to ,england1 as his old friend1 ,chief ,little ,carpenter1 had once done4 ,after ,ostenaco's persistent pleading the governor of ,virginia gave his consent4 ,ostenaco with two attendants and with ,william ,shorey of ,chickamauga as interpreter set sail with ,lieutenant ,henry ,timberlake as guide4 ,before reaching ,england ,william ,shorey took sick and died4 ,on their arrival they were presented to ,king ,george by ,lord ,eglinton4 ,the ,indians attracted considerable attention4 ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds1 eminent artist1 made a group painting of the ,indians1 and then he made a separate painting of ,ostenaco4 ,without an interpreter ,ostenaco suffered a serious handicap4 ,he was unable to deliver an address he had prepared for ,king ,george4 ,he was determined that the ,king should know what he had to say and on his return to ,america1 ,november #c1 #agfb1 he gave the following address to ,governor ,bull of ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 to be translated and transmitted to ,king ,george3 8,some time ago1 my nation was in darkness1 but that darkness has now cleared up4 ,my people were in great distress1 but that is ended4 ,there will be no more bad talks in my nation1 but all will be good talks4 ,if any ,cherokee shall kill an ,englishman1 that ,cherokee shall be put to death4 ,our women are bearing children to increase our nation1 and ,i will order those who are growing up to avoid making war with the ,english4 ,if any of our head men retain resentment against the ,english for their relations who have been killed1 and if any of them speak a bad word concerning it1 ,i shall deal with them as ,i see cause4 ,no more disturbances will be heard in my nation4 ,i speak not with two tongues1 and ashamed of those who do40 ,ostenaco was seasick on his way over the big pond1 and the following brief report hints as to what impressed him most on the long journey3 8,although ,i met with a good deal of trouble going over the wide water1 that is more than recompensed by the satisfaction of seeing the ,king and the reception ,i met from him being treated as one of his children and finding the treatment of every one there good to me4 8,the number of warriors and people all of one color which we saw in ,england1 far exceeded what we thought possibly could be4 ,that we might see everything which was strange to us1 the king gave us a gentleman to attend to us all the day1 and at night till bedtime4 8,the head warrior of the canoe who brought us over the wide water1 used us very well4 ,he desired us not to be afraid of the ,french for he and his warriors could fight like men1 and die rather than be taken40 ,the ,chickamaugas were not ready to give up after their towns had been destroyed in #aggi4 ,they rebuilt ,chickamauga ,town1 but in #aghb ,john ,sevier1 in command of a troop of mounted ,tennesseeans1 descended on them1 and after burning ,chickamauga1 marched up the creek and destroyed ,little ,owl's village4 ,fourteen years later ,john ,sevier became the first governor of ,tennessee4 ,it is of interest to note that the land on which ,little ,owl's village was situated1 containing #aje acres1 has been ,the ,elise ,chapin ,wild ,life ,sanctuary1 owned by the ,chattanooga ,audubon ,society4 ,on the property is an ,indian cabin which1 according to reports and records handed down by the earliest white settlers1 was the birthplace of ,spring ,frog1 or ,tooantuh1 the ,cherokee sportsman and naturalist4 ,the cabin has been preserved by ,mrs4 ,sarah ,key ,patten and is one of the oldest found in this part of the ,cherokee country4 ,tooantuh was born about the year #aged1 fought with ,andrew ,jackson in the ,creek war1 and was praised for his bravery at the battle of ,horseshoe ,bend4 ,he went ,west and took up the life of a farmer at ,briartown1 ,oklahoma1 where he died4 ,he was a man of great influence and was among the chiefs whose portrait was painted for the ,war ,department4 ,,the ,,brainerd ,,mission ,i have already acquainted you with ,john ,mc,donald1 ,scotch trader1 and ,dragging ,canoe's ,chickamauga ,town across the creek from ,mc,donald's home4 ,before the removal of the ,cherokees there was more history made at that place1 which at the time attracted visitors from as far away as ,england1 and yet it is in less than #aj miles of the ,chickamauga ,dam4 ,after a hundred years of warfare1 not until the year #ahjj were the ,cherokees able to rest4 ,that year the ,moravians established a mission at ,spring ,place1 ,georgia4 ,before selecting that place they visited ,mc,donald's on the ,chickamauga and1 after examining it closely1 rejected it because they judged it to be an unhealthy place in which to live4 ,in #ahaf1 when the ,american ,board of ,commissioners for ,foreign ,missions1 of ,boston1 sent ,cyrus ,kingsbury to the ,cherokee country1 he purchased the identical place that the ,moravians had rejected4 ,it was directly across the ,chickamauga ,creek from ,chickamauga ,town4 ,on his way ,south1 ,kingsbury stopped in ,washington and laid his plans for establishing a mission and school before ,president ,james ,madison1 who heartily approved it and tendered government assistance in equipping it4 ,the school was opened in ,january #ahag and had the distinction of being the first school in ,north ,america where domestic science and agriculture were taught4 ,it preceded the ,gardiner ,institute of ,maine by four years4 ,the institution grew rapidly4 ,at one time there were forty buildings of one kind and another standing on its grounds4 ,some of the outstanding men and women of ,new ,england were its leaders and teachers4 ,its first superintendent was ,ard ,hoyt1 who left many prominent descendants4 ,hundreds of ,cherokees were educated and ,christianized during its twenty-one years of existence4 ,at first the mission was called ,chickamauga1 but since ,chickamauga ,town was situated on the other side of the creek1 visitors coming to the school often became confused and went to the ,indian village4 ,it was decided to correct the handicap by changing the name to ,brainerd1 in honor of ,david ,brainerd1 the pioneer missionary among the ,indians of ,new ,england and ,new ,york4 ,david ,brainerd had been in his grave seventy years before the founding of this namesake of his4 ,many were the visitors of prominence who came to ,brainerd4 ,perhaps the most noted person was ,president ,james ,monroe1 who paid the mission a surprise visit ,may #bg1 #ahai1 and spent the night there4 ,monroe took a deep interest in the institution and gave it the material support of the ,federal ,government4 ,john ,howard ,payne1 author of the famous song1 ,home ,sweet ,home1 while collecting data for a history he was preparing of the ,cherokee1 spent two weeks at ,brainerd1 and the fourteen large volumes of his manuscripts now at the ,newberry ,library in ,chicago contain copies of many letters written by the pupils of this mission school4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,worcester1 one of the founders of the ,american ,board and its first secretary1 who was largely responsible for founding ,brainerd ,mission1 visited the institution in #ahba4 ,he was ill when he left his home in ,boston and traveled by boat as far as ,new ,orleans4 ,after driving a horse and buggy from that southern city to ,brainerd1 he arrived there on ,may #be a very sick man4 ,on ,june #g he passed away4 ,his funeral in the ,brainerd cemetery on ,june #i1 #ahba1 was attended by hundreds of ,cherokees riding horseback from all parts of the nation1 who came to show their respect for a man they had not seen but whom all had learned to love4 ,illustration3 ,little ,owl's village site on the ,elise ,chapin ,wildlife ,sanctuary ,sequoya1 the inventor of the ,cherokee syllabary1 also came for a visit4 ,the first translations of the ,bible in ,cherokee was made by another ,indian by the name of ,atsi1 but who was known to the whites as ,john ,arch4 ,this took place at ,brainerd4 ,john ,arch was the interpreter at ,brainerd4 ,when he arrived at the school1 after having walked to the mission from the ,nantahala ,valley of ,western ,north ,carolina1 now a part of the ,smoky ,mountain ,park1 he was so raggedly dressed and so wild looking that the missionaries were three days deciding whether to accept him as a pupil or not4 ,he had only one possession1 a gun1 which he gladly exchanged for some warm clothes4 ,much to their surprise ,john ,arch proved an apt pupil1 and after receiving a few years' education1 he became one of the strongest supporters of the school4 ,sequoya spent a dozen years perfecting his alphabet4 ,it was judged by competent critics as ranking second to the ,english alphabet1 which required several hundred years to perfect4 ,by ,sequoya's alphabet of #he characters a ,cherokee was able to read and write in a few hours4 ,the inventor of this alphabet received many honors4 ,he had the distinction of being the only literary person in the ,united ,states to receive a pension1 which came from the ,cherokee ,nation4 ,the ,big ,trees of ,california were also named ,sequoia in his honor4 ,his alphabet enabled the ,indians to make rapid progress in education1 and after type had been cast in ,boston1 ,the ,cherokee ,phoenix1 a newspaper1 was established and published at their capitol in ,new ,echota1 near the present town of ,calhoun1 ,georgia4 ,elias ,boudinot1 a full-blooded ,cherokee who had been educated at ,brainerd ,mission and ,cornwall1 ,connecticut1 was chosen as its editor4 ,john ,ross1 who became one of the most influential and renowned ,cherokees1 was a frequent visitor at ,brainerd and was its chief supporter1 so was ,andrew ,jackson4 ,jackson was the first white man to assist ,cyrus ,kingsbury in his initial meeting with the ,cherokees at ,turkeytown near the present town of ,centre1 ,alabama1 when the plan of the mission and school was approved by the ,cherokees4 ,in #ahag1 ,elias ,cornelius1 representing the ,american ,board1 the founders of the ,brainerd ,mission1 came to ,brainerd for a visit4 ,cornelius was on a good will tour among the ,indians of the ,south and ,southwest where the ,board planned to establish more missions and schools4 ,on ,november #ae he left ,brainerd on horseback with three companions en route for ,new ,orleans4 ,after traveling about #bjj miles1 he reached ,caney ,creek1 which was swollen from recent rains4 ,cornelius did not dare risk swimming his horse1 but selected a camp site nearby4 ,soon he saw a band of ,cherokee approaching on the opposite side of the creek4 ,they plunged their horses into the swollen stream and swam successfully across4 ,night was speeding on1 and the ,indians encamped in the woods nearby4 ,in the early part of the evening ,cornelius went to pay his neighbors a friendly visit4 ,on approaching the open fire he saw tomahawks1 corn1 skins of wild animals1 and bows and arrows spread before the fire4 ,fortunately1 there was one ,indian in the crowd who was able to speak ,english4 ,when ,cornelius saw the arrows were bearing the stain of fresh blood1 he learned that this band of ,cherokees was returning from west of the ,mississippi1 some #cj miles from the ,dardanelles1 where they had fought a battle with the ,osage tribe4 ,about #hjj ,cherokees1 including their allies1 the ,delawares and ,shawnees1 had participated4 ,some of the ,cherokees had been taken prisoners1 and the ,cherokees had captured a few of the ,osages4 ,among them was a little ,osage girl1 about five years old1 whom they were taking back to their homes as one of their valued war trophies4 ,when ,cornelius queried them about the little girl's father and mother1 one of the ,indians reached into a rough looking bag1 fumbled around inside1 and drew out two human scalps4 ,holding them up in plain view he said1 8,here they are60 ,cornelius' heart was deeply touched4 ,he took the little girl in his arms1 whereupon she screamed from fear because she had been taught to shun white men as being very cruel to ,indian children4 ,remembering that kindness is the only universal language that is understood by beasts and birds1 by all wild flowers and trees and every living thing1 ,cornelius spoke kindly and sympathetically to the girl and gave her a piece of sweet cake1 which she knew not how to use4 ,then he presented her with a pretty cup1 and thus he won her confidence and friendship4 ,before leaving them1 he told the ,indians about the ,brainerd ,mission1 and although the ,cherokee who claimed possession of the little girl intimated that he might be willing to sell her1 he promised faithfully that he would place her in the ,brainerd school on his arrival at the mission4 ,cornelius learned before leaving them that the ,indian who owned her had not captured her1 but that he had swapped a horse for her with the ,cherokee who had taken her as a prisoner4 ,the next day ,cornelius proceeded on his way4 ,after reaching ,mississippi1 while he was entertaining some friends in ,natchez1 ,mr4 ,cornelius related the story of the little ,osage captive1 whereupon a ,mrs4 ,lydia ,carter1 who was touched with the pathetic story1 gave ,cornelius #aej with which to purchase the little girl's freedom4 ,soon ,cornelius received a letter from ,brainerd stating that the ,indian had not brought the little girl to the school as he had promised4 ,when interviewed1 the ,indian refused to part with her unless the missionaries would give him in return a ,negro girl as a servant4 ,such thoughts were repulsive to the missionaries4 ,on ,cornelius' return to ,brainerd he rode #fj miles to call on the ,indian who held the little girl4 ,on seeing him approaching1 she did not become frightened1 but ran to greet him4 ,her owner1 however1 stubbornly refused to release the little girl4 ,on his way back to ,boston1 ,cornelius called on the ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,then he interviewed the ,secretary of ,war who handed him written authority to demand possession of the little ,osage girl4 ,on receipt of the order1 ,ard ,hoyt1 superintendent of ,brainerd ,mission1 went after the little girl and paid the ,indian for her release4 ,on his way back to the ,mission1 ,hoyt1 christened her ,lydia ,carter in honor of the benevolent woman of ,natchez4 ,lydia was adopted by ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,chamberlain1 missionaries at ,brainerd1 and she became a sister of their own little daughter1 ,catherine4 ,a few days later rumors reached the missionaries that the ,cherokees held two other ,osage children1 a boy and a girl1 and that ,lydia was their sister4 ,the boy had been sold first for #bj and resold so many times that the last price brought #aej4 ,return ,j4 ,meigs1 the ,indian ,agent1 gave the missionaries authority to take possession of the boy and place him in the ,brainerd school4 ,john ,ross1 then a dashing young man1 went to ,brainerd and tendered his services in rescuing the boy4 ,ross rode horseback for #bej miles to the mouth of the ,catawba ,river4 ,he handled the situation with skill4 ,before going to the house of the ,indian who held the boy1 ,ross hid his horse in the woods and stealthily approached on foot4 ,when he glimpsed the lad1 entirely nude1 playing about the hut1 as agile as a deer1 ,ross leaped the fence gracefully1 and in another moment he had the boy securely in his arms4 ,in great excitement the owner came rushing out4 ,ross turned a deaf ear to the pleading of the ,indian1 who tried all kinds of schemes to prevent ,ross from taking the boy away4 ,in a few moments ,ross had the boy riding behind him on the horse1 and they were hastening on their way to ,brainerd ,mission4 ,after #ac days1 riding through forests1 swimming rivers1 fording streams1 ,ross returned with his human prize4 ,during this time he had traveled more than #fjj miles4 ,on his return the ,osage boy was christened ,john ,osage ,ross in honor of the young man who had rescued him4 ,illustration3 ,mayor ,hugh ,p4 ,wasson of ,chattanooga1 standing by the side of ,president ,dutra of ,brazil1 points to an interesting feature of the ,chickamauga ,dam ,the story of these two children was so remarkable that ,elias ,cornelius wrote a book entitled ,the ,little ,osage ,captive1 which was published in ,boston1 also in ,york1 ,england4 ,the book had a wide sale4 ,later when ,john ,rogers1 ,cherokee1 came from ,arkansas to take ,lydia ,carter and ,john ,osage ,ross back to the ,osages1 there was great sadness at ,brainerd when the missionaries had to part with the children4 ,john ,rogers was an antecedent of the late humorist ,will ,rogers and a relative of ,tiana ,rogers1 ,sam ,houston's ,cherokee wife4 ,the ,brainerd ,mission was closed on ,august #ai1 #ahch1 at the time of the removal of the ,cherokees to the ,west4 ,many of the missionaries chose to accompany them to the new lands and there resumed their labors as they had done so unselfishly at ,brainerd4 ,it should be remembered that ,brainerd ,mission gave the name to ,missionary ,ridge1 and on ,august #ai1 #aich1 at the identical hour marking the #ajjth anniversary of the closing of the ,brainerd ,mission1 a meeting was held on the grounds attended by hundreds of ,chattanoogans4 ,,saving ,,the ,,name ,,chickamauga ,a few months before the ,chickamauga ,dam was completed in #aidj1 its historical name1 with so much beauty and clear1 sweet music in its pronunciation1 was threatened with extinction4 ,persons who were interested in preserving the original ,cherokee names became anxious over the safety of the name ,chickamauga ,dam4 ,through the columns of ,the ,chattanooga ,news a protest was registered daily for about a week4 ,the beginning interview came from the historian of the ,university of ,chattanooga1 who was strongly opposed to changing the name to the ,mc,reynolds' ,dam1 in honor of ,chattanooga's ,congressman4 ,on succeeding days1 similar protests were published from ,chattanooga's leading citizens1 each of them giving logical reasons for the retention of the name ,chickamauga4 ,at the close of the series of interviews the public had been thoroughly awakened to the importance of holding on to this beautiful historical name which had been given to some of this region's loveliest streams by its aborigines4 ,irvin ,cobb once declared that the word ,chattanooga was the most beautiful of any word he knew in the ,english language4 ,could not the well known humorist writer also have made the same assertion about the word ,chickamauga8 ,to climax the movement to hold on to the historical name1 the ,chickamauga ,chapter of the ,,dar of ,chattanooga1 at the last moment when the bill was up for its final reading1 the members voted unanimously for the retention of the name ,chickamauga4 ,when ,congressman ,s4 ,d4 ,mc,reynolds received notice of its action1 he withdrew his name1 and the name ,chickamauga ,dam was thereby saved for posterity4 ,illustration3 ,old ,grist ,mill at ,brainerd ,mission as seen from ,chickamauga ,town4 ,,chickamauga ,,lake ,where farmers' cattle grazed on pasture lands1 ,the fishes feed2 the clumsy turtles swim ,where once the corn crops grew2 the frog expands ,his throat1 proud of the pleasure given him2 ,this lake now slips its fingertips between ,a hundred little pebbled hills1 and all ,are dressed in tender grass and leaves of green1 ,with here and there an islet like a ball ,half sunken in a pool1 yet floating on ,to reach some distant shore4 ,the swallows swing ,their airplanes down and wet their beaks at dawn1 ,and men awake to hear the thrushes sing4 ,when day grows old and sun is westward bound1 ,they stretch the shadowed trees across the lake1 ,and duck and loon and gull and teal have found ,a place which fishermen will not forsake2 ,and when the moon receives its silvered crown1 ,the waters1 like magicians1 reach into ,the sky and pull the stars and planets down ,without their heat1 void of the distant blue2 ,then leave them floating in their watered graves1 ,and as the boat speeds on1 the pilot sees ,amidst the rippled and discordant waves1 ,reflections broken by realities4 ,this latent power decrees that through the years ,the form of woman shall remain unbowed ,by household toil which warped the pioneers ,who slaved as sweaty beasts while farmers plowed ,and tilled the soil2 that men shall play as well ,as work1 and know what rest from labor means2 ,that love of beauty in the heart shall tell ,that eyes are never blind to ,nature's scenes4 ,if ,chickamauga means in ,cherokee ,a sluggish stream1 this dam revives the dead1 ,electrifies the soul of ,tennessee1 ,and gives to industry a potent head4 ,transcriber's ,notes pg #f ,changed3 generating capacity of #ha1jjj kilowats to3 generating capacity of #ha1jjj kilowatts pg #ac ,changed3 about seven feet in diamater to3 about seven feet in diameter pg #ae ,changed3 #c--;,batteau to3 #c--;,bateau pg #af ,changed3 there was made on of the most to3 there was made one of the most pg #ai ,changed3 ,chickamauga ,dam was no named to3 ,chickamauga ,dam was so named pg #ai ,changed3 near old ,fort ,loudon1 was ,milaquo to3 near old ,fort ,loudon1 was ,mialoquo pg #bc ,changed3 we mgiht see everything to3 we might see everything pg #bc ,changed3 ,spring ,frog1 or ,toonantuh to3 ,spring ,frog1 or ,tooantuh pg #bc ,changed3 ,toonatuh was born about the year #aged to3 ,tooantuh was born about the year #aged pg #bf ,changed3 a litte ,osage girl to3 a little ,osage girl pg #bi ,changed3 ,lydian ,carter and ,john ,osage ,ross to3 ,lydia ,carter and ,john ,osage ,ross pg #bi ,changed3 sweet music in its pronounciation to3 sweet music in its pronunciation