,,r+s ,by ,,george ,,fr$]ick ,,kunz1 ,ph4,d41 ,sc4,d41 ,a4,m4 ,,! ,,curi\s ,,lore ,,( ,,preci\s ,,/ones ,be+ a description ( _! s5tim5ts & folklore1 sup]/itions1 symbolism1 my/icism1 use 9 protection1 prev5tion1 religion & div9ation1 cry/al gaz+1 bir?-/ones1 lucky /ones & talismans1 a/ral1 zodiacal1 & planet>y4 ,,! ,,magic ,,( ,,jewels ,,& ,,*>ms ,magic jewels & electric gems2 meteorites or cele/ial /ones2 /ones ( heal+3 fabul\s /ones3 concretions & fossils2 snake /ones & bezo>s2 *>ms ( anci5t & mod]n times2 facts & fancies ab\t preci\s /ones4 ,,ea*3 ,pr(usely illu/rat$ 9 color1 d\bletone & l9e4 ,octavo4 ,h&some clo? b9d+1 gilt top1 9 a box4 #f4jj net4 ,c>riage *>ges extra4 ,,%akespe>e ,,& ,,preci\s ,,/ones ,treat+ ( ! kn[n ref]5ces to preci\s /ones 9 ,%akespe>e's works1 ) comm5ts z to ! orig9 ( 8 mat]ial1 ! k ( ! poet conc]n+ preci\s /ones1 & ref]5ces z to :]e ! preci\s /ones ( 8 "t came f4 ,f\r illu/rations4 ,squ>e ,octavo4 ,decorat$ clo?4 #a4be net4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mah>ani ,,( ,,sikkim 7,,nor!a/]n ,,h9du/an7 ,%e we>s two gold r+s1 "o set ) a turquoise1 ! o!r ) coral4 ,! peculi> cr[n ( gold1 turquoise & coral is t adopt$ = ! que5s ( ,sikkim4 ,f ! necklace ( amb] beads hangs a gau1 or *>m box1 set ) rubies1 lapis-lazuli1 & turquoise4 ,oil pa9t+ by ,damod> ,dutt1 a ,b5gali arti/ ,dr4 ,b]?old ,lauf]'s 8,notes on ,turquoise 9 ! ,ea/10 ,*icago1 #aiac ,illu/ration3 ,,r+s ,,= ,,! ,,f+] ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,kn[n ,,times ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t1 ,,) ,,full ,,descriptions ,,( ,,! ,,orig91 ,,e>ly ,,mak+1 ,,mat]ials1 ,,! ,,ar*,,ology1 ,,hi/ory1 ,,= ,,affection1 ,,= ,,love1 ,,= ,,engagem5t1 ,,= ,,w$d+1 ,,commemorative1 ,,m\rn+1 ,,etc4 ,,by ,,george ,,fr$]ick ,,kunz1 ,ph4,d41 ,sc4,d41 ,a4,m4 ,,) #bij ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,color1 ,,d\bletone ,,& ,,l9e ,illu/ration ,,philadelphia ,,london ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company #aiag ,,copyright1 #aiag1 ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,publi%$ ,,janu>y1 #aiag ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,at ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,squ>e ,,press ,,philadelphia1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,coop] ,,union ,,= ,,! ,,advancem5t ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,art ,,edition ,,( ,,r+s 7,see ,d$ication7 ,limit$ to fifte5 copies #a,miss ,s>ah ,coop] ,hewitt1 ,honor>y ,associate ( ! ,tru/ees #a,mrs4 ,james ,o4 ,gre51 ,honor>y ,associate ( ! ,tru/ees #a,miss ,eleanor ,g4 ,hewitt1 ,honor>y ,associate ( ! ,tru/ees #a,pet] ,coop] ,hewitt1 ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,naval ,advisory ,bo>d1 ,tru/ee #a;,edw>d ,r4 ,hewitt1 ,treasur] #b,pet] ,coop] ,bryce1 ,secret>y #a;,ersk9e ,hewitt1 ,r4 ,fulton ,cutt+1 ,presid5t ,&rew ,c>negie1 ,tru/ee ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan1 ,tru/ee ,*>les ,w4 ,g\ld1 ,tru/ee ,l4 ,c4 ,lev9 ,jordan1 ,assi/ant ,secret>y ,*>les ,r4 ,ri*>ds1 ,director ,"o ,copy = ! ,read+ ,room ( ! ,coop] ,union = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce & ,art ,george ,fr$]ick ,kunz1 ,=m] ,/ud5t & ,assi/ant 9 ,*emi/ry ,?is copy 0 pr9t$ = ,,miss ,,s>ah ,,coop] ,,hewitt ,) ! complim5ts ( ! ,au?or ,to ,,pet] ,,coop] ,,& ,,to ,,8 ,,desc5dants ,,:o ,,h ,,s ,,g5]\sly ,,& ,,devot$ly ,,c>ri$ ,,out ,,8 ,,traditions1 ,,& ,,develop$ ,,!m ,,z ,,occasion ,,dem&$1 ,,& ,,to ,,! ,,coop] ,,union ,,( ,,arts ,,& ,,sci5ces ,,9 ,,! ,,laboratories1 ,,lecture ,,rooms ,,& ,,libr>y ,,( ,,:i* ,,! ,,au?or ,,sp5t ,,useful1 ,,pr(itable ,,ev5+ ,,h\rs ,,= ,,sev]al ,,ye>s1 ,,at ,a ,,"t ,,:5 ,,!re ,,7 ,,no ,,o!r ,,opportunities ,,( ,a ,,simil> ,,nature ,,9 ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york--,,?is ,,volume ,,is ,,affectionately ,,d$icat$ ,,=eword ,! pres5t volume aims to (f] 9 attractive & conv5i5t =m ev]y?+ t is ( importance & int]e/ 9 reg>d to f+]-r+s1 f ! fabl$ r+ ( ,prome!us d[n to ! late/ productions ( ! goldsmi?s & jewell]s ( our day4 ,! subject (f]s a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! wond]ful div]sity ( =m1 decoration & usage1 t ! skill & fancy ( man h be5 able to realize 9 ! case ( ! little circlet con/itut+ a r+4 ,to make ?is cle>] to ! read]1 a division 9 accordance ) ! g5]al hi/ory & ! special uses ( r+s has seem$ m effective ?an any attempt to sep>ate all ! mat]ial along geographical or *ronological l9es4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ uses to :i* r+s 7 put 0 = ! impression ( an engrav$ design or device ^u lett]s or docum5ts1 z ! sign-manual ( ! we>]4 ,f ! "t ( ! anci5t ,egyptians1 ?is use prevail$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w & _m ( ! mo/ /rik+ r+s ( ?is type are describ$ & figur$ "h4 ,alli$ to ^!1 & 9 "s cases id5tical ) !m1 are ! r+s giv5 z m>ks ( (ficial dignity & rank4 ,a mo/ important class are ! r+s be/[$ ^u & worn by ! high] ecclesia/ics4 ,papal r+s1 among :i* ! mo/ not$ is ! 8,fi%]man's ,r+10 r+s = c>d9als & = bi%ops1 & also occasionally 9 =m] times1 = abbots1 7 & are /ill reg>d$ ) special rev]5ce 9 ! ,roman & ,greek *ur*es4 ,! usage ( we>+ r+s ( ?is type dates f> back 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,_m examples ( ^! r+s are giv51 z also ( o!rs be>+ ,*ri/ian emblems1 & ( ^? worn by nuns1 & by wid[s :o _h v[$ nev] to re-w$4 ,closely connect$ ) ^! religi\s r+s1 are ! betro?al & w$d+ r+s4 ,"h x has seem$ be/ to gr\p toge!r ! available data1 s9ce ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 engagem5t & w$d+ r+s1 ?\gh cle>ly en\gh m>k$ to-day1 is n easy to draw 9 reg>d to e>li] times4 ,a v full selection ( mottoes has be5 add$1 "s ( :i* might /ill be us$2 ! great] numb]1 h[ev]1 belong to a pa/ age1 ^u ! s5tim5ts ( :i* !y ca/ int]e/+ side lights4 ,r+s z *>ms & talismans =m a class ap>t4 ,(t5 ! peculi> =m ( ! circlet 0 conceiv$ to h a symbolic virtue1 b m frequ5tly ! talismanic quality dep5d$ ^u "s curi\s engrav$ device1 ^u ! /ones set 9 ! r+s1 or ^u a my/ic or religi\s inscription4 ,r+s ( heal+ 7 talismans valu$ = _! special p[] to cure disease2 ! 8cramp r+s10 dat$ 9 leg5d back to ! "t ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 7 notable 9 ?is s]ies4 ,! r+s ( fam\s m5 & wom5 w always be priz$ z mem5tos1 & 9 ! v>i\s *apt]s ( ?is book a l>ge numb] ( !m w be f\nd1 bo? r+s ( ! mighty dead & ^? ( di/+ui%$ liv+ p]sons2 among ^! latt] we are happy to be able to produce an illu/ration ( ! inscription ( ,presid5t ,wilson's r+ f an impression ( 8 seal c\rte\sly made by 8 own h&4 ,x %[s 8 "n engrav$ 9 ,pitmanic %or?&4 ,our ,am]ican ,indians h also made _! contribution to ! art ( r+-mak+1 occasionally 9 ! e>li] c5turies1 & m especially 9 m rec5t times4 ,notably ! ,navajos ( ,new ,mexico h exhibit$ a consid]able degree ( skill 9 ?is direction4 ,mu* new in=mation on ?is subject w be f\nd 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,h[ r+s are made by our jewell]s ( to-day1 m especially by ! accurate & v>i$ me*anical me?ods n[ employ$ = _! production1 is concisely treat$ 9 a supplem5t>y *apt]4 ,:ile ma*9e-made r+s c sc>cely be expect$ to equal ^? execut$ by ! h& ( ! true arti/-goldsmi?1 ^? n[ produc$ are nev]!less objects ( beauty & adornm5t4 ,a r+ is a symbol to :i* great int]e/ is atta*$ f ! cradle to ! grave4 ,frequ5tly1 a natal /one1 or a r+ set ) a natal /one1 is giv5 to a *ild at its bir?4 ,:5 ! *ild is baptiz$ x receives ! talismanic gem ( ! gu>dian angel4 ,at confirmation ! gem ( ! week is giv54 ,at graduation f s*ool or college1 a class r+ is be/[$4 ,f9ally1 on ! ann\ncem5t ( an engagem5t1 a r+ set ) any "o ( ! *oic] preci\s /ones is select$ = ! fiance4 ,?us ea* important epo* 9 e>ly life has its appropriate mem5to1 :i* w recall ! memory ( x 9 aft] ye>s4 ,z v full indications z to ! lit]ature h be5 giv5 9 ! footnotes1 x has n seem$ necess>y to app5d ! num]\s titles 9 ! =m ( a bibliography4 ,! au?or's ?anks are due to ! foll[+ p]sons1 :o h c\rte\sly imp>t$ mu* valuable in=mation3 ,hon4 ,pet] ,t4 ,b>l[2 ,miss ,ada ,m4 ,b>r2 ,w4 ,g$ney ,beatty2 ,!odoor de ,boog1 ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian2 ,dr4 ,/ew>t ,cul91 ,brooklyn ,in/itute2 ,rob]t ,w4 ,de ,=re/2 ,mrs4 ,alex&] ,w4 ,drake2 ,dr4 ,gu/avus ,a4 ,eis52 ,pr(4 ,ri*>d ,got!il1 ,columbia ,univ]sity2 ,dr4 ,l4 ,p4 ,gratacap1 ,curator1 ,dept4 ( ,m9]alogy1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory2 ,"r ,rev4 ,david ,h4 ,gre]1 ,bi%op ( ,new ,york2 ,mrs4 ,isabel ,hapgood2 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,v4 ,williams ,jackson1 ,columbia ,univ]sity2 ,william ,h4 ,jones2 ,m9or ,c4 ,kei?2 ,dr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,lucas1 ,director1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory2 ,b4 ,mazza2 ,edw>d ,t4 ,newell1 ,presid5t1 ,am]ican ,numismatic ,society2 ,pr(4 ,john ,dyneley ,pr9ce1 ,columbia ,univ]sity2 ,mrs4 ,annie ,r4 ,s*ley2 ,dr4 ,george ,c4 ,/one2 ,j4 ,ald5 ,weir1 ,presid5t1 ,national ,academy ( ,design2 ,dr4 ,cl>k ,wissl]1 ,curator1 ,dept4 ( ,an?ropology1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory2 ,!odore ,m4 ,woodl&2 ,walt] ,c4 ,wyman1 & also ! late ,william ,m4 ,*ase2 ,dr4 ,*>les ,s4 ,braddock1 ,jr42 ,pr(4 ,fri$ri* ,hir?1 ,columbia ,univ]sity2 ,sidney ,p4 ,noe1 ,libr>ian1 & ,h[l& ,wood1 ,curator1 ,am]ican ,numismatic ,society2 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,john ,p4 ,pet]s & ,rev4 ,fa!r ,william ,j4 ,/ew>t1 all ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,pr(4 ,cyrus ,adl]1 ,dropsie ,college1 ,philadelphia2 ,dr4 ,hector ,alliot1 ,s\? ,we/]n ,museum1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal42 ,dr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,b>r[1 ,director1 ,gold5 ,gate ,museum1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal42 ,pr(4 ,hiram ,b+ham1 ,yale ,univ]sity2 ,frank ,s4 ,daggett1 ,director1 ,museum ( ,hi/ory1 ,sci5ce & ,art1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal42 ,dr4 ,joseph ,k4 ,dixon1 ,secret>y1 ,national ,am]ican ,indian ,memorial ,asso41 ,philadelphia2 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,fairbanks1 ,director1 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on1 ,mass42 ,franciscan ,fa!rs1 ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,mission1 ,arizona2 ,pr(4 ,l4 ,c4 ,gl5n1 ,v&]bilt ,univ]sity1 ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee2 ,dr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,hodge1 ,e?nologi/-9-*>ge1 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,holmes1 ,head ,curator1 ,dept4 ( ,an?ropology1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 ,dr4 ,walt] ,h\gh1 ,act+ ,head ,curator1 ,dept4 ( ,an?ropology1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 ,pr(4 ,morris ,ja/r[1 ,jr41 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania2 ,dr4 ,b]?old ,lauf]1 ,curator ( ,an?ropology1 ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,*icago2 ,waldo ,l9coln1 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society1 ,worce/]1 ,mass42 ,pr(4 ,george ,grant ,mc,curdy1 ,curator ( ,an?ropology1 ,peabody ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,yale ,univ]sity2 ,dr4 ,william ,c4 ,mills1 ,curator & ,libr>ian1 ,*icago ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,soc42 ,edw>d ,s4 ,morse1 ,director1 ,peabody ,museum1 ,salem1 ,mass42 ,dr4 ,w>r5 ,k4 ,moorehead1 ,curator1 ,dept4 ,am]ican ,ar*ology1 ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 ,mass42 ,o/by ,b>ton ,co41 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i42 ,admiral ,rob]t ,e4 ,pe>y1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 ,dr4 ,r4 ,ra?bun1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 ,william ,rik]1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j42 ,oliv] ,a4 ,rob]ts1 ,libr>ian1 ,masonic ,temple1 ,bo/on1 ,mass42 ,pr(4 ,au/9 ,t4 ,rog]s1 ,lel& ,/an=d ,jr4 ,univ]sity1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,cal42 ,dr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,v4 ,skiff1 ,director1 ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,*icago2 ,pr(4 ,fri$ri* ,/>r1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago2 ,rev4 ,john ,ba] ,/\dt1 ,nor?ampton1 ,pa42 ,ex-,presid5t ,william ,h4 ,taft1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn42 ,j4 ,p4 ,tumulty1 ,secret>y to ,presid5t ,wilson1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 ! late ,dr4 ,william ,hayes ,w>d1 ,assyriologi/1 ,s\? ,b]wick1 ,mass4 ,w4 ,w4 ,blake1 ,mexico ,city2 ,a4 ,w4 ,feave>ye>1 ,london1 ,engl&2 ,r4 ,fri$lnd] ,sohn1 ,b]l92 ,prabha ,k>avongu1 ,siamese ,legation1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 ,mrs4 ,isabel ,moore1 ,azores2 ,m4 ,georges ,pelissi]1 ,p>is1 ,france2 ,dr4 ,william ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 ,egyptologi/1 ,hamp/ead1 ,engl&2 ,sir ,*>les ,h]cules ,read1 ,curator1 ,dept4 ,briti% & ,m$ival ,antiquities & ,e?nography1 ,briti% ,museum2 ,dr4 ,leon>d ,sp5c]1 ,curator1 ,m9]alogical ,dept41 ,briti% ,museum 7,natural ,hi/ory72 ,c4 ,j4 ,s4 ,?ompson1 ,curator1 ,wellcome ,hi/orical ,m$ical ,museum1 ,london1 ,engl&2 ,sir ,h]b]t ,tree1 ,london1 ,engl&2 ,dr4 ,t4 ,wada1 ,tokio1 ,japan2 ,h]r ,leopold ,we9+]1 ,vi5na1 & also ,dr4 ,alb]t ,figdor1 ,vi5na1 & ,u4 ,s4 ,consul ,w4 ,b>del1 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,azores4 ,! illu/rations ( r+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum are mo/ly f "o or ! o!r ( ! two exce$+ly compreh5sive catalogues ( r+s publi%$ by ?is museum3 8,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman10 by ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 & 8,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival1 & ,lat]10 by ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton4 ,9 ea* volume ! section devot$ to a special description ( ea* r+ is prec$$ by a mo/ s*ol>ly & enlight5+ introductory essay4 ,g4 ,f4 ,k4 ,illu/ration#c ,new ,york ,city1 ,novemb]1 #aiaf ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,orig91 ,,purposes ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,r+ ,,we>+ #a #a4 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,r+ #b4 ,purposes ( ,r+ ,we>+ #c4 ,me?ods ( ,we>+ ,,ii4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,r+s ,,& ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,:i* ,,!y ,,are ,,made #fg ,! ,mat]ials ( ,r+s ,,iii4 ,,signet ,,r+s #aae ,,iv4 ,,"s ,,int]e/+ ,,r+s ,,( ,,hi/ory #afb #a4 ,on ! ,cont95t #b4 ,engli% ,r+s ,v4 ,,betro?al 7,,engagem5t7 ,,r+s1 ,,w$d+ 7,,nuptial7 ,,r+s1 ,,& ,,love ,,tok5s #aic ,,vi4 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,use ,,( ,,r+s #bdi ,,vii4 ,,magic ,,& ,,talismanic ,,r+s #bhh ,,viii4 ,,r+s ,,( ,,heal+ #ccf ,,ix4 ,,r+ ,,mak+ #cee ,,illu/rations ,,color ,,plates ,,page ,! ,mah>ani ( ,sikkim ,frontispiece ,ri*ly ,enamel$ ,r+s 9 ! ,collection ( ,dr4 ,alb]t ,figdor #ij ,%akespe>e's ,signet ,r+2 ,"l ,byron's ,r+ #aeb ,,d\bletones ,evolution ( ! ,r+ #b ,s]p5t ,r+2 ,greek & ,roman ,r+s2 ,myc5an ,r+s #c ,anci5t ,r+s ( ,am]ican ,indians #bj ,navajo ,silv]smi? at ,"w #ba ,navajo ,indian ,girl ,we>+ ,native ,r+s #bd ,navajo ,silv] ,r+s #be ,navajo ,silv]smi?s ,work+ #bh ,pueblo ,indian ,family1 ,%[+ ,r+-we>+ #bi ,autograph ,lett] ( ,admiral ,rob]t ,e4 ,pe>y #cj ,roman ,r+s2 ,*>iote]'s ,r+ #cb ,isis & ,s]apis ,r+2 ,decade ,r+2 ,suppos$ ,head ( ,plot9a on ,r+2 ,key ,r+s #cc ,memorial ,r+s & ,poison ,r+ #dd ,cameo ( ,l\is ,,xii2 ,nelson ,r+2 ,napoleon ,elba ,r+ #de ,h&s on ,egyptian ,mummy ,case2 ,h&s f ,portrait2 ,h& ,%[+ ,h9du ,jewels #ej ,h&s f ,sepul*ral ,effigy2 ,illu/rat+ ,r+-we>+ #ea ,upp] ,"p ( ,mummy ,case ( ,artemidora1 ,%[+ ,r+s on ,h& #eb ,sket* by ,sir ,*>les ,h]cules ,read ( ,f+] ( ,bronze ,/atue ) ,seal ,r+ #ec ,portrait ( a ,lady by ,anton ,van ,dyke #fj ,portrait ( ,pr9cess ,hatzfeld by ,antonio ,pes>o #fa ,anglo-,saxon ,r+s #fd ,?umb ,r+2 ,franki% & ,lomb>dic ,r+s #fe ,! 8,lors*] ,r+02 ,r+ ) ,m\se2 ,v5etian ,r+2 ,jewell]'s ,r+-rod #gb ,spur ,r+2 ,mod]n ,egyptian ,r+s2 ,pipe-/opp] ,r+ #gc ,ori5tal ,r+s #gh ,ri* ,ea/ ,indian ,r+2 ,r+s ,made by ,siamese ,prie/ #gi ,indian ,toe ,r+s #hj ,portrait ( ,ri* ,c+halese ,m]*ant ) ,_m ,r+s #ha ,r+ ( ,presid5t ,frankl9 ,pi]ce2 ,old ,r+s ,comb9$ z ,p5dant #hd ,r+s 9 ,drake ,collection #he ,r+s f ,collection ( ,w4 ,g$ney ,beatty1 ,esq4 #ib ,types ( ,wat* ,r+s #ic ,portrait ( a ,man1 ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 by ,antonio del ,pollaiolo1 ,%[+ ,po9t$ ,diamond 9 ,r+ #ih ,portrait ( a ,v5etian ,s5ator ) ,?umb ,r+ #ii ,portrait ( a ,man by ,lucas ,crana* #aah ,portrait ( ,ka?>9a ,a$]1 by ,hans ,bock ! ,eld] #aai ,portrait ( ,c>d9al ( ,br&5burg1 by ! 8,ma/] ( ! ,dea? ( ,m>y0 #abd ,portrait ( a ,"m & ,h] ,daught]1 by ,b>?olomew ,bruyn #abe ,anci5t ,roman ,seal ,r+s2 ,key ,r+ #acb ,roman ,r+s ( ,bronze & ( ,bone2 ,roman ,gold ,r+ ) ,sett+s2 ,gold ,r+ f ,wi/on1 ,sussex2 ,roman ,silv] ,r+ #acc ,bronze ,signet ,r+s2 ,ivory ,signet ,r+ #acf ,gold ,signet1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury2 ,massive ,gold ,signet1 ,engli%1 ,fifte5? ,c5tury #acg ,man's ,portrait1 by ,conrad ,fab]2 ,portrait ( ,b5$ikt von ,h]t5/e91 by ,hans ,holbe9 #adh ,man & ,woman at ,casem5t4 ,flor5t9e1 ,fifte5? ,c5tury #adi ,r+s ,f ,collection ( ,imp]ial ,kun/gew]be ,museum1 ,vi5na #aef ,signet ,r+ ( ,*>les ,i #aeg ,r+ ) ,portrait1 ,giv5 to ,lafayette by ,wa%+ton2 ,impression ( ,presid5t ,wilson's ,signet ,r+2 ,seal ( ,"r ,rev]5d ,david ,h4 ,gre]1 ,bi%op ( ,new ,york #afj ,portrait ( a ,lady1 ,cologne ,s*ool1 #aebf1 ,we>+ ,po9t$ ,diamond #afh ,man's ,portrait1 by ,hans ,funk1 #aebc1 ) ,seal ,r+ #afi 8,campaign ,m$als0 ( ,h5ri ,,ii & ( ,john ,casimir1 ,c\nt ,palat9e1 ) ,po9t$ ,diamonds #agj ,portrait ( ,diane de ,poiti]s #aga ,portrait ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 by ,hans ,holbe9 #ahb ,portrait ( ,jane ,seym\r1 by ,holbe9 #ahc ,portrait ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 ,fr5* ,s*ool #ahd ,portrait ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 by ,lucas de ,he]e #ahe ,gold ,r+1 ,cameo ,portrait ( ,que5 ,elizabe?2 ,v5etian ,r+ ) ,pe>ls2 ,multiple ,silv] ,r+s #ahf ,puzzle ,r+s #ahg ,portrait ( a ,lady1 by ,pantoja de la ,cruz #aid ,portrait ( ,empress ,m>y1 ,daught] ( ,*>les ,v1 by ,juan ,pantoja de la ,cruz #aie ,inlaid ,antique ,r+2 ,locket ,r+2 ,antique ,syrian ,r+2 ,roman ,r+ ) ,po9t$ ,diamond2 ,silv] ,r+ on ,bone ( ,f+]1 f ,saxon ,sepul*re #aif ,syrian ,w$d+ ,r+s ( ,agate & ,*alc$ony #aig ,betro?al ( ! ,virg91 by ,juan ,rodriguez ,ju>ez 7,xu>ez7 #bjb ,h&s f ! ,prec$+ ,picture #bjc ,jewi% ,betro?al ,r+s1 ,muse de ,cluny #bab ,jewi% ,r+s f ,briti% ,museum #bac ,portrait ( ,anne ( ,cleves1 by ,hans ,holbe91 ,%[+ ,?umb ,r+ #baf ,portrait ( ,judi?1 by ,lucas ,crana*1 ,r+s ,worn ,"u ,gloves #bag ,r+ ) ,diamond = ,writ+ on ,glass2 ,gallo-,roman ,w$d+ ,r+2 ,signet & ,w$d+ ,r+ ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots #bah ,betro?al ,r+s2 ,gimmal ,w$d+ ,r+ #bai ,gimmal ,r+2 ,betro?al ,r+2 ,puzzle ,r+ #bbj ,w$d+ ,r+s ) ,posies #bba ,portrait ( ,cl>a ,eug5ia1 ,daught] ( ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa91 by ,gonzales #bbb ,portrait ( ,cat>9a ,mi*ela1 ,ano!r ( ,philip's ,daught]s1 by ,coello ,san*ez #bbc ,engagem5t & ,w$d+ ,r+s #bcj ,w$d+ ,r+s #bca ,m>riage ,m$als by ,osc> ,roty #bcb ,puzzle ,r+2 ,gold ,betro?al ,r+2 ,ornam5tal ,love ,r+ #bcc ,portrait ( ,"y ,woman1 ,dut* ,s*ool #bdj ,portrait ( a ,man1 by ! 8,ma/] ( ! ,dea? ( ,m>y0 #bda ,r+s1 ,italian1 ,fr5*1 ,tyrolese1 9 ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts #bdf ,jacques ,guay1 ,gem ,engrav] ( ,l\is ,,xv1 at ,"w 9 ! ,l\vre #bdg ,r+ ( ,pius ,,ii1 neas ,sylvius #bfb ,! 8,fi%]man's ,r+02 ,h& ( ,crana*'s 8,judi?10 ) ,gloves ,slit = ,r+s #bfc ,portrait ( ,clem5t ,,ix1 by ,c>lo ,m>atta #bfh ,portrait ( ,julius ,,ii1 by ,rafael #bfi ,*ri/ian ,r+ ( ,glass2 ,v5etian ,relic ,r+2 ,poison ,r+2 ,r+ ( ,bi%op ,ahl/an #bgj ,memorial ,r+s #bga ,bi%ops' ,r+s2 ,papal ,r+2 ,ros>y ,r+s #bgb ,bi%ops' ,r+s #bgc ,abbess ,pray+1 ,fr5* ,s*ool #bhj ,lady's ,portrait1 by ,con9xbo #bha ,r+s ) ,greek ,mottoes2 ,r+ ( ,bronze ,gilt #cjj ,ori5tal ,r+s #cja ,! 8,h]mit ,/one10 f ,lapid>io ( ,alfonso ,x #cjd ,! 8,(fspr+ ,/one10 f ,lapid>io ( ,alfonso ,x #cje ,*9ese ,jewell]'s ,%op 9 ,san ,francisco2 ,mod]n ,*9ese ,r+s #cbj ,specim5s ( ,curi\s ,r+ ,collection 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york2 ,r+s f ,philipp9e ,isl&s #cba ,zodiacal ,r+s #cbh ,magic ,r+s #cbi ,masonic ,r+s #ccb ,r+s ( ,ord]s & ,societies #ccc ,edw>d ! ,confessor's ,r+2 ,heal+ ,r+ #cdb ,curi\s ,woodcuts ,reg>d+ ,r+s1 f ! ,ortus 7,hortus7 ,sanitatis ( ,johannis de ,cuba #cdc ,a/rolabe ,r+2 ,wat*-,r+ by ,kossek 9 ,prague #ceb ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,wat* ,r+2 ,mod]n ,wat* ,r+ #cec ,production ( ,r+s ) ,preci\s ,/ones by ,means ( ,ma*9]y #cef ,successive ,/ages 9 ! ,=mation ( a ,ma*9e-made ,r+ #ceg ,! 8,all5 ,r+ ,gauge0 = ,measur+ ,r+s #ceh 8,r+1 ,f+] & ,millimet] ,lock+ ,gauge02 8,display ,r+s0 #cei ,,r+s ,i ,,! ,,orig91 ,,purposes ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,r+ ,,we>+ ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,r+ ,! orig9 ( ! r+ is some:at obscure1 al?\gh !re is good reason to believe t x is a modification ( ! cyl9drical seal :i* 0 fir/ worn atta*$ to ! neck or to ! arm & 0 ev5tually r$uc$ 9 size s t x c\ld be worn on ! f+]4 ,signet r+s 7 us$ 9 ,egypt f a v remote p]iod1 & we read 9 ,g54 xl1 #db1 t ! ,ph>aoh ( ,joseph's "t be/[$ a r+ ^u ! patri>* z a m>k ( au?ority4 ,f ,egypt ! cu/om ( we>+ r+s 0 transmitt$ to ! ,greek _w1 & also to ! ,etruscans1 f :om ! usage 0 d]iv$ by ! ,romans4 ,! ,greek r+s 7 made ( v>i\s mat]ials1 su* z gold1 silv]1 iron1 ivory1 & amb]4 ,9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,pl9y relates ! ,greek fable ( ! orig9 ( ! r+4 ,= 8 impi\s d>+ 9 /eal+ fire f heav5 = mortal man1 ,prome!us _h be5 doom$ by ,jupit] to be *a9$ = #cj1jjj ye>s to a rock 9 ! ,caucasus1 :ile a vulture f$ ^u 8 liv]4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 ,jupit] rel5t$ & lib]at$ ,prome!us2 nev]!less1 9 ord] to avoid a violation ( ! orig9al judgm5t1 x 0 orda9$ t ! ,titan %\ld we> a l9k ( 8 *a9 on "o ( 8 f+]s z a r+1 & 9 ?is r+ 0 set a fragm5t ( ! rock to :i* he _h be5 *a9$1 s t he might be /ill reg>d$ z b\nd to ! ,caucasian rock4 ,ano!r orig9 ascrib$ to ! r+ is ! knot4 ,a knott$ cord or a piece ( wire twi/$ into a knot 0 a favorite *>m 9 primitive times4 ,frequ5tly ?is 0 us$ to ca/ a spell ov] a p]son1 s z to deprive him ( ! use ( "o ( 8 limbs or "o ( 8 faculties2 at o!r times1 ! p[] ( ! *>m 0 direct$ aga9/ ! evil _s :i* 0 suppos$ to cause disease or lam5ess1 & 9 ?is case ! *>m _h curative p[]4 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t ! magic virtues attribut$ to r+s orig9at$ 9 ?is way1 ! r+ be+ reg>d$ z a simplifi$ =m ( a knot2 inde$1 n infrequ5tly r+s 7 & are made 9 ! =m ( knots4#d ,?is symbol und\bt$ly signifi$ ! b9d+ or atta*+ ( ! spell to its object1 & ! same idea is pres5t 9 ! true-lov]s' knot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,f+] ,,r+ #a1 ,egyptian seal r+4 #b1 ,greek snake r+1 f\nd at ,k]t* 9 ! ,crimea4 #c1 antique ,roman r+ 7,b]l9 ,antiqu>ium74 #d1 ,romano-,etruscan r+4 #e1 ,roman key r+4 #f1 ,go?ic r+ ) /one set on rais$ bezel4 #g1 ,go?ic r+ ) cabo*on-cut /one4 #h1 ,r5aissance r+ ) enamel decoration4 #i1 ,hebrew w$d+ r+4 #aj1 ,r5aissance r+4 #aa1 ,r5aissance r+4 #ab1 coat ( arms ( ! ,m$ici1 ?ree int]l9k$ /ones1 ea* set ) a natural po9t$ diamond cry/al4 ,illu/ration3 ,l>ge s]p5t9e r+ ) _m coils4 ,grco-,roman1 ,f\r? ,c5tury ,b4,c4 to ,second ,c5tury ,a4,d4 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,grco-,roman silv] r+1 set ) an oval engrav$ s>donyx4 ,second ,c5tury ,a4,d4 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,greek gold r+ ) eye-%ap$ bezel4 ,f ,t>sus2 ,?ird ,c5tury ,a4,d4 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,hell5i/ic bronze r+4 ,bezel set ) a convex pale gre5 pa/e4 ,rema9s ( gild+ on r+ ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,greek silv] r+4 ,engrav$ design b5ea? a sunk bord]2 drap$ figure ( a girl hold+ out a dove ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,roman r+ ( opaque d>k glass4 ,f\r? ,c5tury ,a4,d4 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,myc5an gold r+s4 #a1 f ,ialysos1 ,rhodes2 giv5 to ! ,briti% ,museum 9 #ahgj by ,john ,rusk92 #b1 f excavation at ,enkomi1 #ahif ,briti% ,museum ,_m r+s ( ! ,bronze ,age 7 f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( excavations conduct$ 9 #aija by ,m4 ,h5ri de ,morgan 9 ! valley ( ,agha ,evl>1 /ret*+ back f ,k]ghan on ! ,caspian ,sea1 9 ! region kn[n z ! 8,p]sian ,taly*e40 ,"h sev]al sepul*ral dolm5s 7 discov]$ :i* yield$ a consid]able numb] ( ornam5tal objects ( metal & /one1 z well z beads ( vitre\s pa/e4 ,!re 0 no trace ( inscriptions to aid 9 dat+ ^! 8,scy?ian0 f9ds1 b !y are consid]$ to belong to ! second mill5nium be=e ,*ri/4 ,! bronze r+s are ( sev]al diff]5t types1 "s ( !m %[+ f ?ree to five spirals2 9 o!r cases ! ends are ov]lapp+1 or else br\ght toge!r z closely z possible4#e ,al?\gh x w\ld sc>cely be safe to assume t f+]-r+s 7 nev] worn by ! anci5t ,assyrians1 /ill ! almo/ total abs5ce ( repres5tations ( !m1 ev5 on female figures1 r5d]s x safe to say t ?is mu/ h be5 only v r>ely ! case4 ,possibly ! p]si/5ce 9 ,assyria & ,babylonia ( ! cyl9drical =m ( seal may acc\nt = ?is1 9 "p at lea/1 = ! signet r+ 9 _m places 0 evolv$ f ! cyl9d]-seal4 ,moreov]1 ! abs5ce ( small intaglios 9 ! p]iod e>li] ?an #ejj ,b4,c4 w\ld h depriv$ a r+ ( its almo/ ess5tial sett+4 ,! plates 9 ,lay>d's great "w on ,assyrian rema9s1 z well z ^? publi%$ by ,fl&r9 & ,co/e1 also (f] /rong negative evid5ce1 al?\gh ,dr4 ,william ,hayes ,w>d /ates t he w\ld h expect$ f+]-r+s might h come f ,egypt by ! way ( ,syria4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 "u ,greek influ5ce1 r+s 7 n uncommon4#f ,9 ! imm5se cemet]ies at ,w>ka & else:]e num]\s iron r+s h be5 f\nd1 _m ( !m toe-r+s1 z well z "s made ( %ell1 b ! date ( ^! burials is n easily det]m9$1 & !y are probably1 9 mo/ in/ances1 n ( mu* e>li] date ?an ! eigh? or ev5 ! six? c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,a pro( t g5u9e antiques c /ill be pick$ up 9 our day 9 ! ,ea/ is giv5 by ,doctor ,w>d1 :o said t he b\ght 9 ,bagdad a lovely gold r+ set ) a cameo on :i* 0 inscrib$ 9 ,greek *>act]s 8,prot>*us made x40 ,:51 on visit+ ,london1 he told ?is to ,doctor ,murray1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! latt] gave full expression to 8 scepticism1 say+1 8,!re are pl5ty ( ^? sign$ ?+s40 ,b :5 ! gem itself 0 %[n him1 he exclaim$1 8,?is is jolly g5u9e10 & he _h x photograph$ = 8 book4#g ,a v int]e/+ f9d 0 made 9 #ahic1 dur+ ! excavations conduct$ "u ! auspices ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania at ,nippur4 ,9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! m\nd1 z _m z #gcj inscrib$ tablets 7 une>!d1 :i* _h be5 c>efully /or$ 9 a *amb] measur+ eighte5 by n9e feet4 ,^! tablets1 :5 deciph]$1 prov$ t ! *amb] 0 ! record room ( ! sons ( a c]ta9 ,mura%u1 ,blht9 & ,bl-nad9-%umu1 ^: activity seems to h be5 analog\s to t ( our c\nsellors-at-law4 ,_m ( ! tablets be> records conc]n+ ! memb]s ( ! family p]sonally1 b 9 o!r cases _! s]vices appe> to h be5 claim$ 9 v>i\s legal difficulties4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s ( ^! anci5t docum5ts is a contract dat$ ! eigh? ( ! mon? ( ,elul1 9 ! ye> #dbi ,b4,c4 7?irty-fif? ye> ( ,artax]xes ,i ( ,p]sia71 9 :i* ,bl-ah-idd9a1 ,bl%umu1 & ,ht9 give ! foll[+ gu>antee to ,bl-nad9-%umu1 son ( ,mura%u3 ,z conc]ns ! gold r+ set ) an em]ald1 we gu>antee t 9 tw5ty ye>s ! em]ald w n fall out ( ! gold r+4 ,if ! em]ald %\ld fall out ( ! gold r+ be=e ! end ( tw5ty ye>s1 ,bl-ah-idd9a1 ,bl%umu1 & ,ht9 %all pay unto ,bl-nad9-%umu an indemnity ( t5 mana ( silv]4 ,! record be>s ! names ( sev5 witnesses & t ( ! scribe1 & is sign$ ) ! ?umb-nail m>ks ( ^? :o gu>ante$ ! jewel1 8in/ead ( _! seals40#h ,x seems t we h "h ! names ( ! memb]s ( a firm ( jewell]s do+ bus9ess 9 ,nippur1 9 ! fif? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 & evid5tly !y 7 q confid5t t ! "w !y sold 0 well & solidly done1 = ! indemnity repres5t$ a sum equival5t to ab\t #djj 9 our money4 ,?is mu/ h be5 ! e/imat$ value ( ! em]ald4 ,z ! /one 0 probably n v l>ge1 ?is p>ticul> gem mu/ h be5 highly valu$ at t "t1 a fact due1 9 all likelihood1 to ! special talismanic virtues attribut$ to x4 ,sev]al gold r+s ( ,egyptian workman%ip1 excavat$ 9 tombs at ,enkomi1 ,cyprus1 date back to ! "t ( ! ,middle ,empire 9 ,egypt4 ,"o 9 pale gold1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 has a flat oval bezel1 inscrib$ 8,mat1 ! gold5 "o ( ! two l&s40 ,?is belongs to ! p]iod f ! ,,xix to ! ,,xxi ,dyna/y 7or approximately f #acej to #ajjj ,b4,c474 ,a r+ f\nd on ! surface ( ! gr\nd is ( electrum & v massive1 & is engrav$ ) a drap$ figure seat$ on a ?rone1 to :om approa*es ano!r figure clo!d ) a lion's sk9 & we>+ on ! head a disk & horns2 a lion walk+ is 9 ! ex]gue1 & ! sun's disk is above ! two figures4 ,?is is believ$ to belong to ! late ,,xviii ,dyna/y1 t[>d #adjj ,b4,c4 ,a ?91 r\nd$ hoop ( pale gold1 ! ends ( :i* are twi/$ r\nd ea* o!r1 & a r\nd$ hoop ( yell[ gold engrav$ ) f\r uri1 are two o!r examples 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( ! r+s f ,enkomi4 ,a massive silv] r+ f ! same place has a l>ge oval bezel ) ! foll[+ names & titles inscrib$ 9 ,egyptian hi]oglyphics3 ,r-,h]u-,khuti1 ,r-,khep]u ,nef]1 ,m]i-,r1 ,ptah-neb-nut-mat4#i ,! ,cypriot gold ornam5ts :i* ^! r+s help to date are consid]$ to be ess5tially contempor>y ) ^? f ! tombs 9 ! l[] t[n ( ,myc51 ! p]iod be+ approximately #acjj-aajj ,b4,c41 possibly "s ye>s e>li] or lat]4 ,a beautifully work$1 p]=at$ gold r+1 set ) a sc>ab ( c>nelian1 0 f\nd 9 ,cyprus & is n[ 9 ! ,kon/ant9idis ,collection at ,nicosia4 ,! workman%ip z well z ! /yle ( ! sett+ indicates t x 0 produc$ 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,engrav$ on ! c>nelian is a fabul\s mon/]1 some:at resembl+ a *imra1 half lion1 half bo>4#aj ,ano!r r+ ( ! same p]iod f ,m>ion-,ars9o1 ,cyprus1 has a silv] hoop1 & is set ) a flat sc>aboid1 engrav$ ) a female figure kneel+4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ ,myc5an r+s %[s a goddess seat$ ne> a tree1 & wor%ipp]s approa*+ to d h] homage4 ,o!rs (f] v>i\s devices3 an alt> ) wor%ipp]s2 a griff9 & a seat$ div9ity2 a pair ( sph9xes2 griff9s1 bulls' heads1 etc41 9 h]aldic ord]+4#aa ,"h we h e>ly ,greek art trans=m+ & adapt+ ,ori5tal =ms ( metal engrav+1 to be succe$$1 m ?an five c5turies lat]1 by ! great gem-engrav+s ( ! palmy days ( ! art ( ,ionia & ,greece4 ,among ! ,cyprian r+s ( ! ,myc5an p]iod1 ab\t #ajjj ,b4,c41 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 is a d\ble gold r+ :i* _h be5 evid5tly inlaid ) "s vitre\s sub/ance1 all b fa9t traces ( :i* h n[ disappe>$4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 a site ne> ,famagu/a1 ,cyprus1 t has be5 satisfactorily id5tifi$ ) ! spot :]e ! ,greeks "u ,teuc] are said to h e/abli%$ a settlem5t on _! return f ! siege ( ,troy4 ,o!r gold r+s discov]$ "h at ! same "t1 9 #ahif1 h pla9 hoops1 ) a small cyl9drical ornam5t /rung on ! hoop1 to s]ve 9 place ( a bezel ) sett+4 ,/ill ano!r ( ^! r+s has1 on "o side1 an ext5sion squ>$ (f at ! corn]s1 mak+ a long & n>r[ flat surface on ! outside ( ! hoop2 along its edge runs a bead$ ornam5tation4#ab ,! olde/ ,greek r+ be>+ an inscription is "o believ$ to belong to ! late ,myc5an p]iod4 ,! gold hoop has engrav$ ^u x ! ,cypriot syllables ,le-na-ko1 possibly mean+ ! "n ,l5agoras4 ,x 0 f\nd ) o!r ornam5ts 9 a grave ne> ,lan>ka1 ,cyprus4#ac ,! simil>ity ( ! "n ,lan>ka ) ! phonetic value ( ! inscrib$ signs might p]haps sugge/ t a place "n r ?an a p]son's "n is signifi$4 ,t 9 anci5t times sev]al cities _h _! special signets is prov$ by a ,greek inscription z to ! cities ( ,smyrna1 ,magnesia1 & ,sipylum4#ad ,pl9y already rem>k$ ! fact t n[h]e 9 ! ,hom]ic poems is any m5tion made ( r+s or ( seals4 ,?is is ! m s+ul> t we h s mu* positive evid5ce 9 ,cretan & ,myc5an rema9s t r+s 7 kn[n to a "p ( ! ,greek _w = a long "t prior to ! composition ( ! ,iliad & ,odyssey4 ,probably due all[ance mu/ be made = ! individual pref]5ce ( ! poet1 or s*ool ( poets1 to :om we owe ^! ma/]pieces ( anci5t lit]ature4 ,9 our own day1 ! pres5t writ] 9 8 rese>*es has (t5 be5 disappo9t$ to f9d no?+ conc]n+ preci\s /ones or jewels 9 a giv5 "w treat+ ( a subject t w\ld invite _! m5tion1 ! obvi\s reason be+ t ! au?or c>$ little or no?+ = su* ?+s1 & h5ce pass$ ov]1 unnotic$1 all data reg>d+ !m4 ,nev]!less1 ! metal-work]'s art evid5tly appeal$ /rongly to ! au?or 7or au?ors7 ( ! ,hom]ic epics1 z is %[n 9 _m places1 notably 9 ! long description ( ! repres5tations on ! elaborately wr\ght %ield made by ,vulcan = ,a*illes 7,il41 xviii1 #dgh-fjh74 ,c]ta9ly ! traditions ( ,hom]ic times1 record$ by lat] ,greek writ]s1 tell ( sev]al r+s worn by ,hom]ic p]sonages4 ,a r+ ( ,ulysses1 engrav$ ) a dolph9 by ord] ( ! wily h]o1 9 memory ( ! rescue ( 8 son ,telema*us by "o ( ! creatures ( ! deep1 is m5tion$ by ,plut>* 78,de sol]tia anim4074 ,moreov]1 ,hel5 ( ,troy is /at$ to h worn on "o ( h] f+]s a r+ be>+ ! figure ( an 8enorm\s fi%10 &1 f9ally1 ! great ,greek pa9t] ,polygnotus1 a contempor>y ( ,p]icles 7#die-dbi ,b4,c471 9 a pa9t+ %[+ ! desc5t ( ,ulysses into ,hades1 repres5t$ ! y\?ful ,phocus z we>+ a r+1 set ) an engrav$ gem1 on "o ( ! f+]s ( 8 left h&4#ae ,?is pa9t+ 0 highly reput$ 9 anci5t times1 & _h be5 d$icat$ to ,apollo 9 ! %r9e at ,delphi by ! ,cnidians4 ,! significance ( ! r+ 9 ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 z an ensign ( (fice 9 ,a!ns1 is br\ght out by a passage 9 ! 8,knights0 ( ! comic poet ,ari/ophanes1 :]e ! p1 z an expression ( _! discont5t ) ! adm9i/ration ( ,kleon1 dem& t he surr5d] ! r+ ) :i* he has be5 inve/$1 z a pro( t he is no long] entru/$ ) ! (fice ( treasur]4#af ,a clev] use ( a r+ is report$ to h be5 made by ,ism5ias ( ,!bes1 :5 he 0 s5t by ! ,botians z an envoy to ! ,p]sian ,k+4 ,be=e he 0 br\ght into ! royal pres5ce he 0 in/ruct$ by ! ma/] ( c]emonies t he mu/ pro/rate himself be=e ! sov]eign4 ,?is act 0 /rongly repugnant to 8 ,greek consci\sness1 bo? z a debasem5t ( 8 individual dignity1 & z an act ( div9e homage (f]$ to a mortal4 ,to escape f ! dilemma1 ! envoy1 z he approa*$ ! ?rone1 took (f 8 r+ & succe$$ 9 dropp+ x )\t attract+ too mu* att5tion2 :]eupon he /oop$ & pick$ x up4 ,! ,greek onlook]s und]/ood ! mean+ ( 8 action1 :ile ! ,p]sians believ$ t he _h satisfactorily con=m$ to ! c\rt c]emonial4 ,8 little ruse 0 rew>d$ by a favorable reception ( 8 reque/s by ! ,p]sian ,k+1 :o _h long be5 (f5d$ by ! ob/9ate refusal ( ! ,greeks to r5d] him ! homage he reg>d$ z 8 due4#ag ,! iron r+ ( ! ,romans1 acc\nt$ = 9 popul> fancy by ! tale ( ! rock & l9k r+ ( ,prome!us1 probably came to ! ,romans f ! ,etruscans1 :o appe> to h ow$ ! fa%ion to ! ,greeks1 & ,pl9y notes 9 8 8,naturalis ,hi/oria10 writt5 ab\t #ge ,a4,d41 t ev5 !n ! ,lac$monians1 ) true ,sp>tan sobriety1 /ill wore iron r+s4#ah ,roman tradition c>ri$ back ! introduction ( su* r+s to ! age ( ,numa ,pompilius1 ab\t #gjj ,b4,c41 & !re is evid5ce t1 at a lat] "t at lea/1 !y 7 reg>d$ z symbols ( victory :5 worn on ! h& ( a successful g5]al1 a late in/ance be+ ! we>+ ( an iron r+ by ,m>ius at 8 triumph = ! victory ov] ,jugur?a 9 #ajg ,b4,c4#ai ,! progressive *anges 9 ! ,roman regulations & cu/oms gov]n+ ! we>+ ( r+s & ! mat]ial ( :i* !y %\ld be made h be5 /at$ 9 a concise & conv5i5t =m by ,m4 ,delo*e1 & 8 conclusions are ( consid]able value1 bas$ z !y are ^u a v c>eful /udy ( ! classic s\rces & _! be/ int]pret]s 9 ! pa/4#bj ,! iron r+1 ! only "o orig9ally1 0 at fir/ reg>d$ z a m>k ( individual honor1 aw>d$ by ! sov]eign or 9 8 "n4 ,f ! e>lie/ times ( ! ,roman ,republic1 a s5ator s5t on an embassy receiv$ a gold r+1 all o!r s5ators be+ re/rict$ to iron ones4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 s5ators ( noble bir?1 &1 lat] on1 all s5ators )\t di/9ction1 enjoy$ ! "r ( we>+ gold r+s4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ?is privilege 0 !n ext5d$ to ! knights1 & 9 ! la/ ye>s ( ! ,republic1 z well z "u ! emp]ors1 _m o!r classes ( citiz5s 7 made p>tak]s ( ! privilege1 s t be=e long ev5 "s fre$m5 & c]ta9 ( ^? pursu+ ! lea/ reputable vocations 7 p]mitt$ ! enjoym5t ( a di/9ction once s jeal\sly gu>d$4 ,t[>d ! latt] "p ( ! ?ird c5tury ,a4,d4 all ,roman soldi]s c\ld lawfully we> gold r+s1 al?\gh 9 ! late ,republican & e>li] ,imp]ial p]iods ?is "r 0 accord$ only to ! milit>y tribunes4 ,?us1 f9ally1 all class di/9ctions 9 ?is respect 7 done away )4 ,e freeborn man c\ld we> a gold r+1 fre$m51 ) a few exceptions1 7 conf9$ to silv] r+s1 & ! iron r+ became ! badge ( slav]y4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,cann 7,augu/ #b1 #baf ,b4,c471 9 :i* ! ,romans 7 totally defeat$ by ,hannibal1 ! ,c>?ag9ian lead] ord]$ t ! gold r+s %\ld be tak5 f ! h&s ( ! dead ,romans & heap$ up 9 ! ve/ibule ( 8 qu>t]s4 ,en\gh 7 collect$ to fill a bu%el basket 7"s au?orities say ?ree bu%el baskets71 & !y 7 s5t to ,c>?age1 n z valuable spoils ( w>1 b z pro( ( ! great slaught] among ! ,roman patricians & knights1 = at ?is "t none b5ea? ! rank ( knights1 & only ^? ( highe/ /&+ among !m1 ^? provid$ ) /e$s by ! ,/ate 7equo publico71 _h be5 giv5 ! "r to we> gold r+s4#ba ,on days ( national m\rn+ ! gold r+s 7 laid aside z a m>k ( sorr[ & respect1 & iron r+s 7 sub/itut$4 ,?is 0 ! case aft] ! defeat at ,cann 9 #baf ,b4,c4 & on ! fun]al day ( ,augu/us ,cs> 9 #ae ,a4,d4 ,?is usage is not$ 9 "o ( ! poet ,juv5al's satires4#bb ,occasionally1 z a m>k ( disapprobation1 s5ators w\ld remove _! gold r+s at a public sitt+1 z1 = in/ance1 :51 9 #cje ,b4,c41 ! appo9tm5t z edile ( ,cneius ,flavius1 son ( ! fre$man ,annius1 0 ann\nc$ 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,9 ,rome supplicants took (f _! r+s z a m>k ( humility1 or a sign ( sadness4 ,:5 ! c5sors ,c4 ,claudius ,pul*] & ,titus ,sempronius ,grac*us 7 cit$ by ! tribune ,rutilius z guilty ( a crime aga9/ ! ,/ate1 ,claudius 0 condemn$ by eight ( ! twelve c5turies ( ,knights4 ,at ?is1 _m ( ! pr9cipal p]sonages ( ! ,s5ate1 tak+ (f _! gold r+s 9 ! pres5ce ( ! assembl$ citiz5s1 put on m\rn+ g>m5ts1 & rais$ supplications 9 favor ( ! accus$ p]sons4#bc ,ano!r in/ance ( ?is usage ) suppliants is %[n 9 a recital ( ,val]ius ,maximus1 :]e9 he relates t :51 ab\t #ee ,b4,c41 ,aulus ,gab9ius 0 viol5tly accus$ by ! tribune ,memmius1 & !re seem$ to be little hope t he w\ld escape puni%m5t1 8 son ,sis5na ca/ himself z a suppliant at ! feet ( ,memmius1 te>+ (f 8 r+ at ! same "t4 ,?is m>k ( humiliation f9ally induc$ ,memmius & 8 fell[-tribune ,llius to )draw ! accusation1 & set ,gab9ius at lib]ty4#bd ,! we>+ ( a gold r+1 because x 0 a sign ( patrician & lat] ( free bir?1 _h su* a high value 9 ! eyes ( ! ,romans t "s fre$m5 us$ ! subt]fuge ( we>+ a gold r+ ) a d>k coat+1 s t x w\ld appe> to be ( iron4 ,?us1 al?\gh !y nei!r _h ! gratification nor incurr$ ! p]ils ( we>+ a symbol conf9$ to ! freeborn1 !y _h ! intimate p]sonal satisfaction ( kn[+ t x 0 really on ! h&4#be ,f ! r scant evid5ce t has come d[n to u1 x appe>s t ,roman wom5 7 n subject$ to z /rict regulations 9 ! we>+ ( r+s ( preci\s metal z 7 ! m54 ,! wives ( simple plebeians :o 7 9 good circum/ances seem z g5]ally & freely to h worn !m z ! wives & daught]s ( s5ators or knights1 or o!r patrician wom54 ,pl9y writes ( ! wom5 we>+ gold on e f+]4#bf ,9 ,rome1 z e>ly z ! fir/ c5tury1 at a "t :5 ! "r ( we>+ gold r+s 01 z has be5 %[n1 v /rictly limit$1 x occasionally happ5$ t a fam\s actor 0 accord$ ?is privilege by ! special favor ( "s influ5tial admir] ( 8 art4 ,sulla grant$ ?is "r to ,roscius1 & "s ye>s lat]1 9 #dc ,b4,c41 ! ,roman qu/or 9 ,spa9 be/[$ a gold r+ ^u ,h]5nius ,gallus 9 ! anci5t city ( ,gades1 ! mod]n ,cadiz4 ,?is gave him ! "r to occupy a seat 9 "o ( ! fir/ f\rte5 r[s at ! !atre1 ! "p res]v$ = ! knights4 ,?is special privilege 0 accord$ to ! actor by ! ,lex ,roscia ( #fg ,b4,c41 conf]r+ ! r+ ^u ,roscius4#bg ,al?\gh ! ,*ri/ian wom5 ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian c5turies 7 taught to avoid all sup]flu\s adornm5ts1 ! we>+ ( a gold r+ 0 p]mitt$ to !m4 ,?is 0 n1 h[ev]1 to be consid]$ z an ornam5t1 b 0 simply = use 9 seal+ up ! h\sehold goods entru/$ to a wife's c>e4 ,nev]!less1 :ile not+ ?is use1 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us 7ca4 #aej-;ca4 #bag ,a4,d47 adds t1 if bo? s]vants & ma/]s 7 prop]ly in/ruct$ 9 _! respective duties & obligations1 !re w\ld be no ne$ = su* precautions4#bh ,! dignity conf]r$ by ! "r to we> a gold r+ is ev5 notic$ 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,james1 :]e we read 7ii1 #b-d73 ,= if !re come unto y\r assembly a man ) a gold r+1 9 goodly app>el1 & !re come 9 also a poor man 9 vile raim5t1 & ye h respect to him t we>e? ! gay clo?+1 & say unto him1 ,sit ?\ "h 9 a good place2 & say to ! poor1 ,/& ?\ !re1 or sit "h "u my foot/ool2 are ye n !n p>tial 9 y\rselves1 & are become judges ( evil ?\ghts8 ,:ile ?is apo/le "h1 z else:]e 9 8 epi/le1 w>mly esp\ses ! cause ( ! poor1 ! prom95ce he gives to ! gold r+ z a m>k ( ! ri* man1 & a passport to ! place ( honor 9 ! congregation1 is a full ackn[l$gm5t ( ! impression x creat$ ^u /rang]s1 j z ! ribbon ( an ord] is tak5 z a pro( ( dignity or /ation 9 mon>*ial c\ntries to-day1 & ev5 to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 republican ,france4 ,! cu/om ( be/[+ bir?day r+s 7anuli natalitii7 0 frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 imp]ial ,rome1 & a ri* & influ5tial p]sonage1 ) _m fri5ds & cli5ts1 w\ld receive a l>ge numb] ( ^! r+s on ! anniv]s>y day ( 8 bir?4 ,z a rule1 a sett+ ( :ite s>donyx seems to h be5 mo/ favor$1 to judge f a l9e 9 ! fir/ ( ! ,satires ( ! ,lat9 poet ,p]sius 7#cd-fb ,a4,d474 ,! fam\s decree ( ,ju/9ian1 promulgat$ 9 #eci 7,novella #gh ( ! ,dige/71 conf]r+ ^u fre$m5 ! "r ( we>+ gold r+s1 runs z foll[s3#bi ,if a ma/]1 on free+ 8 slave1 has decl>$ him to be a ,roman citiz5 7& he is n all[$ to d o!rwise71 let x be kn[n t1 accord+ to ! pres5t law1 he :o %all h receiv$ 8 lib]ty %all h ! "r to gold r+s & to reg5]ation1 & %all n ne$ to solicit ! "r ( ! pr9ce1 or to take any o!r /eps to secure x4 ,x w be 8 z a consequ5ce ( 8 lib]ation1 9 virtue ( ! pres5t law1 :i* goes into effect f ?is day4 ,?is decree %[s t1 z is prov$ by o!r texts1 fre$m5 7 sometimes accord$ ! privilege ( we>+ gold r+s by special p]mission ( ! rul] or ,/ate1 b all :o c\ld n obta9 su* special p]mission 7 puni%able if !y v5tur$ to we> a gold r+1 j z 9 c\ntries :]e ,/ate ord]s are recogniz$ & protect$ ! we>+ ( su* an ord] or ( its ribbon by unau?oriz$ p]sons is puni%able 9 "s way4 ,! 8"r ( reg5]ation0 is m peculi>1 z ?is ref]s to a legal fiction1 by :i* x 0 assum$ t "s "o ( ! ance/ors ( ! fre$man _h be5 freeborn2 h5ce1 ! quality ( free-bir? 0 only reviv$1 n creat$1 9 ! case ( ! desc5dant4 ,?is is1 aft] all1 n s unreasonable z x may seem to be1 = ! slaves1 be+ g5]ally prison]s ( w>1 or else ! desc5dants ( citiz5s :o _h 9 "s way lo/ _! citiz5%ip1 c\ld truly claim1 9 a majority ( in/ances1 t !y came ( freeborn /ock4 ,! image ( ,m>s on a r+-/one 0 greatly favor$ by ,roman soldi]s4 ,a good example ( ?is /yle ( r+ is to be se5 at ! ,national ,hung>ian ,museum 9 ,budape/4 ,! gem1 a c>nelian1 is engrav$ ) a figure ( ! god1 ) helmet & spe>2 8 left h& re/s on a %ield be>+ ! ,m$usa's head4 ,! hoop is ( silv]4 ,?is r+ 0 f\nd 9 ,bosnia & 0 donat$ to ! museum 9 #ahbj4cj ,an old ,roman inscription m5tions a guild ( r+-mak]s 7conlegium anul>ium71#ca & ! d5om9ation anul>ius ev5 appe>s z a prop] "n ( ! engrav] ( a signet r+4#cb ,ne> ! ,=um 0 a flight ( /eps designat$ scal anul>i1#cc indicat+ ei!r t r+ engrav]s or v5dors 7 to be f\nd !re1 or t !y _h _! %ops or work%ops 9 ! neighborhood4 ,treat+ ( ! dictatorial conduct ( ! ,procurator ,v]res1 ,cic]o1 9 8 viol5t1 we might almo/ say virul5t arraignm5t ( him1 7 x n s well des]v$1 says t :5 ,v]res wi%$ to h a r+ made = himself he ord]$ t a goldsmi? %\ld be summon$ to ! ,=um1 publicly weigh$ out ! gold = him1 & comm&$ ! man to set 8 b5* d[n 9 ! ,=um & to make ! r+ 9 ! pres5ce ( all4#cd ,tacitus /ates 9 8 ,g]mania t ! mo/ valiant ( ! ,catt1 wore 8l a fett]0 an iron r+1 :i* 0 a m>k ( infamy among ! ,g]mans4 ,only :5 a w>rior _h kill$ an enemy _h he ! "r to dive/ himself ( ?is r+4 ,:e!r ?is 0 a tribal usage1 or only ! sign ( an obligation volunt>ily assum$1 mu/ be left to conjecture4 ,x is suppos$ to evid5ce t ! slaves ( ! ,g]mans wore iron r+s1 & t ?us su* r+s 7 look$ ^u z badges ( slav]y4#ce ,f+]-r+s are exce$+ly r>e among ! rema9s ( ! prehi/oric ,am]ican peoples1 al?\gh a few h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,pueblo ru9s ( ,arizona & ,new ,mexico4 ,^! are usually cut out ( %ell4 ,"s ( !m are skilfully cut f ,pectunculus %ells1 & o!rs f 8cone-%ells0 7,conus74 ,( ! =m] k9d a numb] 7 une>!d at ,*aves ,pass1 ,arizona4#cf ,_m ( ! r+s 7 incis$ ) an ornam5tal design2 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ^! 0 decorat$ ) r$ figures repres5t+ cl\ds & lightn+4 ,?is r+1 l>ge en\gh to fit an adult's f+]1 0 f\nd1 toge!r ) bones ( a human h&1 9 "o ( ! pre-,columbian graves1 at ,casa ,gr&e1 ,arizona4 ,! rema9s "h also yield$ a r+ made out ( a cone-%ell1 ) incis$ decoration4 ,! exceptionally f9e specim5 not$ above almo/ c]ta9ly _h a religi\s or talismanic "*1 & x may h be5 ?\ght to protect ! we>] f /orms & ?und]bolts4 ,! skill ) :i* ! %ells 7 utiliz$ = r+s z well z = o!r objects ( adornm5t mu/ h be5 ! result ( _m g5]ations ( exp]im5t & tra9+1 spr++ f t inh]5t arti/ic s5se s (t5 manife/ 9 ! ,indians ( ! pueblos 9 contra/ to ! ,indians ( ! pla9s4 ,(t5 ! circul> =m 0 already pres5t 9 ! %ell1 & ?is 0 utiliz$ by divid+ a "p ( ! cone into sections1 ?us giv+ r+s ( v>y+ diamet]4 ,! mat]ial 0 !n smoo!d & poli%$1 & ei!r left pla9 or decorat$ ) an incis$ patt]n1 into ! outl9es ( :i* appropriate color+ matt] 0 introduc$4 ,9 o!r cases1 :5 ! %ell mat]ial did n (f] a natural circlet1 a disk 0 cut out1 & a l>ge p]=ation produc$ ! r\gh circlet1 to be work$ up lat] into a f9i%$ r+4 ,! atta9able evid5ce 9 reg>d to ! we>+ ( r+s by ! aborig9es ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica is1 9 ! ma91 negative4 ,?is is ! case ) ! ,pacific coa/ ,indians1 z well z ) ! ,*iriqui graves & o!r anci5t rema9s 9 ! pres5t ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,colombia4#cg ,inde$1 s f> z c be asc]ta9$1 ! we>+ ( r+s is ess5tially an ,ori5tal fa%ion & 0 br\ght to ! anci5t peoples ( ,europe f ! ,ea/4 ,/ill1 "h & !re on ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t1 z 9 ! in/ance above not$1 r+s h be5 f\nd 9 burials believ$ to be pre-,columbian4 ,to ! v few pre-,columbian r+s f\nd 9 ,indian m\nds1 belong f\r f ,ohio1 n[ 9 ! collection ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society1 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,"o ( ! r+s 0 une>!d tw5ty ye>s ago f a m\nd 9 ,hamilton ,c\nty2 x is ( spiral =m & 0 on ! middle f+] ( ! left h& ( a skeleton4 ,! ?ree o!rs came f ! ,adana ,m\nd1 two ( !m be+ spiral-r+s1 bo? f\nd on ! middle f+] ( a skeleton's left h&2 ! ?ird is n a complete circle1 & 0 pick$ up at ! base ( ! m\nd4 ,! spiral-r+s are v f9ely & delicately fa%ion$4#ch ,! ,aztecs ( anci5t ,mexico execut$ _m ornam5tal objects ( gold1 silv]1 copp] & t91 & work$ 9 iron & lead z well4 ,specim5s ( ?is silv]smi?s' "w 7 s5t by ,f]nan ,corts to ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 & _! arti/ic quality elicit$ ! admiration ( ! ,spani% jewell]s4 ,^! seem to h be5 only a small portion ( ! ri* booty ga!r$ by ! ,spani% ,conqui/ador1 ! metal wor? ( :i* he e/imat$ at #ajj1jjj ducats 7#bej1jjj71 or ev5 m1 accord+ to ! /atem5t 9 a lett] address$ to 8 sov]eign4 ,! great] "p ( ?is treasure is believ$ to h be5 lo/ dur+ ! 8,no*e ,tri/e10 ! 8,night ( ,sorr[s10 :5 ! ,spani% conqu]ors 7 surpris$ & attack$ 9 ,mexico ,city by ! native w>riors1 & 7 =c$ to seek safety1 aft] suff]+ consid]able losses 9 a retreat f ! n>r[1 city /reets into ! op5 c\ntry1 :]e !y c\ld bett] utilize ! enorm\s sup]iority conf]r$ on !m by _! fire-arms4 ,ev5 ! few specim5s :i* 7 actually br\ght to ,*>les ,v seem to h disappe>$1 & 7 probably melt$ d[n = use z bullion4#ci ,( ! silv]smi?s' me?ods a little c be le>n$ f a /udy ( ,aztec pa9t+s4 ,?us we are able to "k t !y us$ ! crucible1 ! muffle & ! bl[-pipe4 ,! /atem5t is made by ,torquemada & by ,clavigo t !y possess$ ! n[ lo/ art ( ca/+ objects half ( gold & half ( silv]4 ,"s f9e examples ( ,aztec "w 9 gold & silv] are to be se5 9 ! m>vel\s collections ( ! ,museo ,nacional 9 ,mexico ,city1 & among !m are sev]al f+]-r+s4 ,"o ( ^! comes f ,teotihuacan2 its broad hoop is decorat$ ) ! head ( "o ( ! ,aztec gods1 we>+ an elaborate & curi\sly complicat$ head-dress4 ,o!r gold r+s are ( a peculi> type1 ! inn] half ( ! hoop be+ only ab\t two-fif?s z high z ! out] & v broad half1 s t ! f+] c\ld be clos$ )\t inconv5i5ce4#dj ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,indian r+s4 #a1 copp] f+] r+4 ,f a grave 9 cemet]y at m\? ( ! ,waba%1 ,s\!rn ,indiana1 #ahih4 #b1 /one r+ 7874 ,f ,r$ ,pa9t ,cemet]y1 ,orl&1 ,ma9e4 ,explor$ by ,w4 ,k4 ,moorehead 9 #aiab4 #c1 %ell r+1 brok54 ,f adobe ru94 ,mesa1 ,arizona1 #ahih4 ,all full size ,c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,w>r5 ,k4 ,moorehead ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,indian metal f+] r+s4 #a1 spiral r+ f middle f+] ( a skeleton4 ,hamilton ,co41 ,ohio4 #b1 brok5 r+ tak5 f floor ( ,adana ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 #c & #d1 r+s f middle f+] ( skeleton f\nd 9 ! ,adana ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,natural size ,illu/ration3 ,f\r ?9 %ell r+s f ! ,indian adobe ru9s ne> ,pho5ix1 ,arizona1 explor$ 9 #ahih ,c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,w>r5 ,k4 ,moorehead ,illu/ration3 ,,navajo ,,silv]smi? ,,( ,,arizona1 ,,ko*-,,ne-,,bi-,,ki-,,bitsilly1 ,,call$ 8,,*>ley10 ,,mak+ ,,r+s ,,at ,,gr& ,,canyon1 ,,arizona ,s few f+]-r+s ( ! ,indian aborig9es1 :o once inhabit$ ! pres5t t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h be5 br\ght to light1 t "s au?orities h be5 dispos$ to d5y ! exi/5ce ( any relics ( ?is k9d4 ,among ! r>e discov]ies may be not$ a copp] r+ f\nd 9 "o ( ! ,indian m\nds ne> ,*illico!1 ,ross ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,?is r+ has be5 made by b5d+ a %ort copp] rod until ! ends ov]lapp$ & !n p\nd+ !m z closely toge!r z possible4 ,x is only l>ge en\gh = a *ild's f+]1 & among ! rema9s ( fifte5 ,indians f\nd 9 ?is p>ticul> m\nd 7 ^? ( a *ild4#da ,a few /one r+s1 presumably = we> on ! f+]1 h be5 met ) 9 ,indian graves 9 ! ,scioto ,valley1 ,ohio1 9 ,k5tucky1 9 ,t5nessee & also 9 ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico & ,cali=nia4 ,an ornam5tal /one r+ f ,k5tucky 0 evid5tly a f+]-r+1 z are also "s o!rs ( ! /one r+s4#db ,a %ell r+ f ! adobe ru9s ne> ,phnix1 ,arizona1 9 ! ,salado ,valley1 %[s ! skill ( ! primitive ,indians ( ?is region 9 r+-mak+4 ,art 9 %ell is pron\nc$ by ,dr4 ,w>r5 ,k4 ,moorehead to be *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly ,indian peoples ( ?is valley1 ! %ell mat]ial1 :i* is f\nd 9 great pr(usion 9 ! ru9s & 9 ! des]t1 hav+ come "h ei!r because ( trade relations ) ! ,indians ( ! sea-coa/1 or z a result ( frequ5t j\rneys by "s ( ! ,salado peoples to ! di/ant salt wat]4 ,! discov]y ( %ell frogs 9 ! s-call$ 8,city ( ! ,dead0 9 ?is valley1 by ,pr(4 ,frank ,h4 ,cu%+1 "s ?irty ye>s ago1 0 at fir/ receiv$ ) consid]able incr$ulity1 b s9ce !n sev]al h be5 une>!d by successive explor]s4 ,%ell & bone implem5ts ) turquoise inlays occur bo? 9 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico4#dc ,! %ell r+ we h j not$1 is unusually well =m$1 ! projection at ! upp] "p hav+ a =m sugge/ive ( a f9i%$ bezel1 ?us r5d]+ ! r+ a h>moni\s & attractive adornm5t = ! h&4 ,?is int]e/+ specim5 0 br\ght to light 9 #ahih1 ) a few o!r %ell r+s4 ,an ,indian copp] f+] r+ 0 une>!d1 9 ! same ye>1 9 a grave =m+ "p ( a cemet]y at ! m\? ( ! ,waba% ,riv]1 s\!rn ,indiana4 ,m rec5tly1 9 #aiab1 :at is believ$ to h be5 a /one r+ 0 tak5 by ,doctor ,moorehead f ! ,r$ ,pa9t ,indian cemet]y at ,orl&1 ,ma9e4#dd ,! pr(ici5cy ( ! ,navajo & ,pueblo ,indians ( ,new ,mexico z silv]smi?s is %[n by ! fact t !re are f fifty to sev5ty-five ,indians regul>ly occupi$ 9 ?is way at pres5t1 :ile sev]al hundr$ o!rs are m or less famili> ) ! art & "w occasionally4 ,! av]age pay is s mu* by ! ounce1 fifty c5ts = bracelets1 con*os1 etc41 & sev5ty-five c5ts = r+s1 plus tw5ty-five c5ts = ea* & e sett+4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t a ,navajo silv]smi?1 if he f9d /eady "w1 may e>n z mu* z #abe a mon?4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is r>ely ! case1 z !y are n fond ( ov]work1 & :5 !y h e>n$ a little sum 9 t5 or fifte5 days1 !y w lay (f until x is sp5t & !y are aga9 =c$ to resume _! tasks4 ,( ! m indu/ri\s1 :o might be will+ to "w un9t]rupt$ly1 _m are q prosp]\s1 own+ flocks ( %eep or o!r live /ock1 or else f>m l&1 :i* mu/ be att5d$ to 9 pref]5ce to ! jewell]y indu/ry4 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ^! ,indian r+-mak]s is ,ko*-,ne-,bi-,ki ,bitsilly1 call$ ,*>ley = %ort4 ,he f9ds regul> employm5t 9 ! ,gr& ,canyon %op at ,albuqu]que1 ,n4 ,m41 = sev]al mon?s 9 ea* ye>1 devot+ ! rema9d] ( 8 "t to ! c>e ( 8 %eep & o!r prop]ty4 ,he is pron\nc$ to be above ! av]age 9 intellig5ce1 en]gy & initiative4 ,o!r silv]smi?s are3 ,asidi ,ya%e1 ,*>lie ,hogan1 ,*>lie ,l>go1 ,malapai1 ,bigay & ,ha/9 ,nez4 ,( ! /ones us$ = r+-sett+s1 g>nets are nev] employ$ except at ! special reque/ ( a trad]2 r>ely1 r\ghly-cut p]idots are set 9 r+s4 ,turquoise f ,new ,mexico1 is ! favorite /one1 al?\gh a little ,p]sian turquoise is occasionally br\ght 9 by ! trad]s & set 9 ,navajo r+s4 ,9 e>ly times ! turquoise supply came f ! deposits ne> ,c]rillos1 n[ kn[n z ! ,tiffany ,m9e1#de :i* furni%$ ! mat]ial = all ! turquoise ornam5ts 9 ! ru9s at ,*aco ,canyon & else:]e4 ,9 ! manufacture ( r+s ^! silv]smi?s frequ5tly make a numb] at ! same "t1 fir/ fa%ion+ all ! hoops1 & !n add+ ! design to ! hoops1 aft] :i* ! cups = ! sett+s are add$ to ! s]ies4 ,an indu/ri\s work] w be able to f9i% up z _m z a doz5 r+s on ?is plan 9 ?ree days1 :]eas1 :5 special c>e is to be ex]cis$ 9 mak+ a s+le r+1 a :ole day's "w w be requir$4 ,f f\r to five ?\s& r+s are made annually 9 ,new ,mexico & ,arizona4 ,z metal work+ 0 unkn[n to ! ,navajos1 z well z to ! o!r ,indians ( ! ,s\?we/ be=e ! adv5t ( ! :ite man1 x seems mo/ probable t silv] jewell]y 0 n made by ^! ,indians until ,spani% silv] co9s rea*$ !m4 ,! ,navajos are believ$ to h acquir$ _! k ( jewell]y-mak+ f ! ,pueblo ,indians :o 7 ! fir/ to und]take x4 ,prior to ?is !re 0 massive "w 9 copp] probably due to influ5ces f ! ,nor?4 ,! ,spani% d]ivation ( ! silv]-work+ is prov5 by ! old ,spani% me?ods us$2 ! bell[s is ,spani%-,moori%4 ,no ref]5ce ei!r to ! mak+ or ! use ( jewell]y be=e rec5t times by ! ,navajos is believ$ to exi/4 ,z an indication ( ! s\rce ( ! silv] us$1 ! ,hopi "n ( ?is metal is %iba1 ! lit]al mean+ ( ! ^w be+ 8a little r\nd1 :ite cake10 an apt designation ( a silv] co94 ,9 ! total abs5ce ( ar*ological evid5ce z to ! ,navajos1 ,dr4 ,walt] ,h\gh is decid$ly ( ! op9ion t silv] "w among ! tribe is ( comp>atively rec5t date4 ,a few ( ! ,navajo f+]-r+s 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,wa%+ton are at lea/ old en\gh to %[ consid]able signs ( we>4#df ,among ! wom5 ( ! ,pueblo ,indians ! we>+ ( a great numb] ( r+s on ! h& is an indication ( ari/ocratic bir?4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ! accompany+ plate1 %[+ a r+ on e f+] ( bo? h&s2 !y are ( silv]1 set ) turquoise4 ,r+s ( ?is type are also %[n 9 ! portrait ( a ,navajo maid51 a daught] ( ,*ee ,dodge1 dress$ 9 ! co/ume ( ! wife ( a ,navajo *ief4#dg ,illu/ration3 ,,daught] ,,( ,,*ee ,,dodge1 ,,navajo ,,indian4 ,,%e ,,we>s ,,r+s ,,( ,,silv] ,,set ,,) ,,turquoise ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,r+s ,,set ,,) ,,turquoise ,,m9$ ,,9 ,,arizona ,,& ,,new ,,mexico1 ,,made ,,by ,,! ,,navajo ,,indians1 ,,gr& ,,canyon1 ,,arizona4 #aiaf ,z ! ,navajo silv]smi?s dwelt 9 small huts or tempor>y %elt]s :i* !y might move away f at %ort notice1 !y 7 =c$ to build l[ =ges directly on ! gr\nd1 oblig+ !m to cr\* d[n :ile work+4#dh ,9 ?is respect ! ,pueblo artisans _h a consid]able advantage1 s9ce _! spaci\s dwell+s made x possible = !m to set _! =ges solidly 9 a frame high en\gh to enable !m to d _! "w /&+4 ,a consid]able numb] ( tools & appliances are 9 ! work%op ( ! ,navajo silv]smi?2 mo/ ( !m1 h[ev]1 ( rude fabrication & n well adapt$ = f9e & accurate "w4 ,he des]ves ! m cr$it = ! quality ( "w he is able to produce4 ,! foll[+ is a pretty full li/ ( ! outfit 9 su* a work%op3 ,=ge1 bell[s1 anvil1 crucibles1 molds1 tongs1 scissors1 pli]s1 files1 awls1 cold *isels1 matrix & die = m\ld+ buttons1 wood5 /ake1 bas91 *>coal1 tools & mat]ials = sold]+ 7bl[-pipe1 braid ( cotton rags soak$ 9 grease1 wire1 & borax71 mat]ials = poli% 7s&pap]1 em]y-pap]1 p[d]$ s&/one1 s&1 a%es1 & solid /one71 & mat]ials = :it5+ 7a native m9]al sub/ance--almog51 salt & wat]74#di ,x has be5 not$ t ! ,navajos _h n acquir$ ! art ( mak+ an air *amb] ( ! m\? 9 op]at+ ! bl[-pipe1 b blew ) undi/5d$ *eeks1 ! result be+ an int]mitt5t flame4 ,! latt] is furni%$ by burn+ a ?ick braid ( cotton rags soak$ 9 mutton suet or "s o!r simil> k9d ( grease4 ,= ! poli%+ "w1 ! em]y pap] is sp>+ly us$ because ( its co/4 ,aft] all ! prelim9>y poli%+ has be5 done ) s&/one1 s& or a%es1 ! f9i%+ is done ) em]y-pap]4 ,= ! blan*+ ( ! silv] ! hydr\s sulphate ( ammonia1 t]m$ almog51 is us$1 ! silv] be+ ba!d 9 a solution ( ?is1 ) ! addition ( a little salt4 ,! bl[-pipe is usually made by beat+ out a piece ( ?ick brass wire into a long flat /rip1 :i* is !n b5t into ! requisite =m4 ,two ( ! be/ ( ^! silv]smi?s 7 engag$ to "w = a %ort "t ne> ,=t ,w+ate4 ,z has be5 not$1 _! =ges are commonly set v l[ d[n1 & ! position ( ! work]s 0 evid5tly an uncom=table "o4 ,nev]!less1 !y %[$ a great degree ( p]si/5ce1 work+ sometimes z _m z f twelve to ev5 fifte5 h\rs 9 a day4 ,:5 paid by ! piece1 artisans c\ld e>n ab\t two doll>s a day on an av]age4 ,! me?od ( *as+ 0 excessively primitive4 ,:ile "o work] held ! object firmly on an anvil1 ! o!r appli$ to x "p ( ! %ank ( a file t _h previ\sly be5 r\nd$1 & /ruck ?is ) sm>t taps ( a hamm]4 ,f9] figures 7 engrav$ ) ! %>p5$ "p ( a file1 to :i* a peculi> zigzag1 =w>d motion 0 imp>t$ by ! h&4 ,"o fault t c\ld be *>g$ aga9/ ^! silv]smi?s 0 a lack ( economy z to ! preci\s mat]ial !y us$1 no c>e be+ tak5 to ga!r up & utilize ! am\nt lo/ 9 fil+ & poli%+1 z well z by oxidation 9 ! =ge1 s t ! net loss 0 e/imat$ at f\rte5 p] c5t4 ,:ile ! art ( ! "w produc$ c sc>cely be t]m$ f9i%$1 :5 judg$ by v high /&>ds1 /ill ! silv] ornam5ts execut$ by ! ,navajos possess at lea/ ! *>m inh]5t 9 individual "w1 z contra/$ ) ! m h>moni\s & f9i%$ productions ( m]ely me*anical art1 :]e ?\s&s ( objects ( a giv5 type ( design are turn$ out annually 9 a highly-organiz$ silv]smi?+ e/abli%m5t4 ,) ^! ,indians we h ! 8p]sonal note0 t is too (t5 miss$ 9 ! ornam5ts ( our day4 ,?is ,navajo indu/ry has receiv$ mu* enc\ragem5t f ! manag]s ( ! ,santa ,f ,railroad1 & f its ag5cies4 ,al?\gh ! art among ! ,navajos is g5]ally believ$ to h be5 introduc$ by ,spani% influ5ce1 ! fact t be=e ! ,spani% ,conque/ ! native ,mexicans 7 able to "w metals ) consid]able skill w\ld make x n improbable t x spread to ! ,new ,mexico tribes1 & p]haps f !m to ! ance/ors ( ! ,navajos ( to-day4 ,! ,navajo ,indians belong to ! ,a?apascan race & emigrat$ f ! nor?we/]n coa/4 ,copp] _h be5 work$ into ornam5ts f ( old by ,indians ( ! same /ock 9 ,alaska1 & "s rema9s indicate t ?is 0 ! case1 9 r>e in/ances1 ) ! ,navajos4 ,! sup]iority ( ! ,navajos ( a lat] "t to ! ,pueblos z silv]smi?s1 may1 p]haps1 result f _! already acquir$ k ( copp]-work+4 ,z ! ,navajo m5 _h n ! occupation ( f>m+1 z _h ! ,pueblos1 silv]smi?+ ga9$ favor among !m z a fad1 z a means ( reliev+ ! t$ium ( idl5ess4 ,!re is r>ely any t5d5cy to transmit ?is art directly f fa!r to son1 individual pref]5ces be+ ! *ief factors4 ,inde$ !re is s little ( ! ca/e _s among ! ,navajos t ! occupation ( ! fa!r c\nts = b little 9 det]m9+ t ( ! son4 ,?is is l>gely dep5d5t ^u ! fact t desc5t is pr9cipally trac$ ?r\gh ! "m4 ,exogamy1 m>ry+ outside ! clan1 is ! or?odox code ( ! ,navajos1 a man be+ expect$ to avoid tak+ a wife f ! clan to :i* 8 "m belong$1--a wise precaution = !m4 ,z an e>ly description ( ! lack ( silv]smi?s' in/rum5ts ( precision among ! ,navajos 9 plann+ & execut+ _! "w1 ,mr4 ,mat!ws says ( conditions z he obs]v$ !m ?irty-five ye>s ago3 8,! smi?s :om ,i h se5 work+ _h no divid]s1 squ>e1 measure1 or any in/rum5t ( precision4 ,z be=e /at$1 ,i h se5 scissors us$ z compasses1 b z a rule !y f9d approximate c5tres ) ! eye & cut all %apes & engrave all figures by ! unaid$ guidance ( ?is unreliable organ4 ,(t5 !y cut out _! designs 9 pap] fir/ & f !m m>k (f patt]ns on ! metal4 ,ev5 9 ! matt] ( cutt+ patt]ns !y d n seem to "k ! simple device ( d\bl+ ! pap] 9 ord] to secure lat]al con=mity40 ,illu/ration3 ,,navajo ,,silv]smi?s ,,( ,,new ,,mexico1 ,,engag$ ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,silv] ,,r+s #a1 ,tsozi ,bigay2 #b1 ,atziddy ,yaski ,illu/ration3 ,,pablo ,,abeita1 ,,pueblo ,,indian1 ,,) ,,8 ,,son ,,& ,,wife ,! latt] we>s turquoise & silv] r+s on e f+] ( ea* h& ,c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,joseph ,kossu? ,dixon ,z ! ,navajos h no silv] m9es 9 _! c\ntry1 !y dep5d l>gely = _! mat]ial ^u ,mexican silv] doll>s wor? ab\t #dh c5ts 9 ,unit$ ,/ates money4 ,^! are melt$ & !n mold$1 or else cut & hamm]$ into ! desir$ =ms4 ,sometimes1 ,unit$ ,/ates half or qu>t] doll>s are us$ 9 ?is way1 al?\gh su* silv] co/s m ?an twice z mu*1 because ( its wor? z curr5cy4 ,be=e silv] 0 freely us$1 copp] & brass 7 b\ght at ! trad+ po/s & favor$ z mat]ials2 a supply ( ^! metals be+ (t5 secur$ by melt+ d[n p>ts ( ! kettles or pans furni%$ to ! ,indians by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 or else b\ght f :ite settl]s4 ,"s old ,navajo silv]smi?s ass]t t ! art ( work+ silv] 0 introduc$ f ,mexico ab\t sixty ye>s ago1 t[>d ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,ab\t ?is "t a ,mexican silv]smi? nam$ ,cassilio came to ! ,navajo c\ntry & taught 8 art to a ,navajo blacksmi? call$ by 8 p ,atsidi ,sani1 or ! 8,old ,smi?40 ,cassilio is said to h be5 /ill liv+ ab\t #ahgb4 ,an artisan consid]$ to be "o ( ! be/1 if n ! v be/ ( ! ,navajo silv]smi?s ( our day1 :o is call$ ,be%lagai ,il9i ,altsosigi or ! 8,sl5d] ,silv]smi?10 orig9ally le>n$ 8 art f ,mexicans4 ,! fact t ,lieut4 ,james ,h4 ,simpson1 :o explor$ ! he>t ( ! ,navajo c\ntry 9 #ahdi1 has no?+ to say ab\t silv]smi?+1 al?\gh he details v fully ! v>i\s arts & indu/ries ( ! ,navajos1 goes f> to prove ! tru? ( ! /atem5t t ,navajo silv]smi?+ dates f a lat] "t4#ej ,borax is n[ g5]ally us$ = sold]+1 b be=e x 0 br\ght to _! c\ntry1 ! ,navajo silv]smi?s are said to h m9$ a c]ta9 sub/ance = ?is use1 probably a k9d ( native alum4 ,rock salt1 an easily atta9able mat]ial1 call$ 9 ! ,navajo tongue tse dokozh 7sal9e rock71 0 us$ = :it5+ t>ni%$ or oxidiz$ silv]4 ,= ?is purpose ! salt 0 dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat]1 into :i* ! silv] articles 7 ?r[n & left = a "t4 ,9 place ( ! s&/one1 s& & a%es orig9ally us$1 ! silv]smi?s are n[ able to employ s&pap] or em]y pap] b\ght at ! /ores4 ,( ! tools employ$ we h already treat$ at "s l5g?4 ,! details 9 ?is & ! prec$+ p>agraph h be5 d]iv$ f ! v int]e/+ & valuable 8,e?nologic ,diction>y ( ! ,navaho ,language10 publi%$ 9 #aiaj by ! ,franciscan ,fa!rs1 at ,/4 ,mi*aels1 ,arizona4#ea ,"h ! n\ns & v]bs d5ot+ action are gr\p$ 9 ! only really logical way1 "u ! respective indu/ries & trades1 or o!r =ms ( human activity4 ,z "s ( ! =emo/ writ]s on ! orig9 ( language h urg$ t its beg9n+s are to be s\ght 9 ! v>i\s rhy?mic exclamations ( a body ( work]s1 at fir/ utt]$ automatically & lat] us$ consci\sly z calls to "w1 or to favor a cord9ation ( ef=ts1 no bett] classification ( ! vocabul>y ( a primitive race c be employ$4 ,! v>i\s =ms & qualities ( silv] r+s f\nd full expression 9 ! ,navajo language1 a pro( ( ! importance accord$ to ?is bran* ( silv]smi?+ among !m4 ,! ^w = r+ be+ yo/s1 we h ! foll[+ designations3#eb yo/s de%zhzh1 a worn d[n r+ yo/s geldo1 a brok5 r+ yo/s nidi1 a new r+ yo/s qua/q1 an old r+ yo/s ntql1 a broad r+ yo/s altssi1 a sl5d] r+ yo/s ntsa1 a l>ge r+ yo/s altsisi1 a small r+ yo/s nilgai1 a poli%$ r+ yo/s yij1 a black5$1 oxidiz$ r+ yo/s d-bikee%*ni1 a pla9 r+ yo/s bikee%*ni1 a r+ ) a design yo/s alksgiz1 a twi/$ r+ yo/s bits1 a ribb$ r+ yo/s b91 ! sett+ ( a r+ yo/s tss b91 a r+ ) a glass sett+ yo/s dotlzhi b91 a r+ ) a turquoise sett+ yo/s tli% belya1 a snake-%ap$ r+ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,army ,,& ,,navy ,,club ,,wa%+ton4 h&writt5 text ,illu/ration h&writt5 page ,illu/ration h&writt5 page ,r+s are n 9 favor ) ! ,eskimos1 :o d n appe> to make or we> any4 ,inde$1 ,admiral ,pe>y f\nd x impossible to dispose ( a lot ( r+s he _h tak5 ) him on "o ( 8 ,arctic trips 9 ! belief t !y w\ld be attractive to ! ,eskimos1 & good objects ( b>t]4#ec ,p]haps 9 ! int5se ,arctic cold ev5 ! slighte/ pressure on ! f+] may h be5 avoid$1 le/ x %\ld imp$e circulation & increase ! dang] ( hav+ ! f+]s fro/-bitt54 ,! ,m5dans ( ,mesopotamia are ! silv]smi?s ( ?is region1 & !y exhibit mu* skill 9 _! "w4 ,! greate/ dem& is = cig>ette cases & = signet r+s & seals1 al?\gh !y make a v>iety ( o!r small ornam5tal objects4 ,_! me?ods ( "w are q *>act]i/ic4 ,9 ! case ( ! small] objects1 su* z r+s1 etc41 !y hamm] !m out f a heat$ silv] b>4 ,:5 ! g5]al =m has be5 atta9$1 !y "w up ! surface ) a /eel file or p5cil1 :i* has a triangul> po9t2 ) x ! desir$ design is labori\sly engrav$4 ,?is process be+ complet$1 a black metallic p[d]1 made into a pa/e1 is rubb$ ov] ! entire surface1 naturally accumulat+ m or less1 accord+ to ! great] or less] dep?s ( ! cutt+s2 ! object is !n plac$ 9 a *>coal =ge & fir$4 ,aft] x has rema9$ !re9 long en\gh1 x is remov$ & ! sup]flu\s p[d] is rubb$ or work$ (f4 ,! complet$ r+ or o!r ornam5t !n (f]s mo/ beautiful contra/s betwe5 ! bright silv] & ! lu/r\s black inlay4 ,! ,m5dans are sometimes call$ 8,*ri/ians ( ,/4 ,john10 because ( _! great v5]ation = ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,h[ev]1 !y 9 no s5se des]ve ! "n ( ,*ri/ians1 _! peculi>1 eclectic doctr9e be+ a mixture ( anci5t & ,*ri/ian ,gno/icism1 ) c]ta9 elem5ts ( ! old ,p]sian religion4 ,!y h q a lit]ature1 dat+ back to ! e>ly c5turies ( our era1 & writt5 9 an ,aramaic dialect simil> to t ( ! ,talmud4 ,,! ,,purposes ,,( ,,r+ ,,we>+ ,! we>+ ( r+s z ornam5ts = ! h& requires no explanation 9 view ( ! innate love ( adornm5t %[n f ! v e>lie/ p]iods ( human hi/ory4 ,h[ev]1 ap>t f ?is m]ely ornam5tal use1 r+s 7 appli$ to _m special uses & 7 worn = _m def9ite purposes1 "s ( :i* are s important z to m]it ext5d$ notice 9 sep>ate *apt]s2 o!rs aga9 are less f>-rea*+ & less significant1 & c]ta9 ( ^! w be expla9$ & illu/rat$ "h4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 ,late ,roman r+2 #b1 gold r+ set ) an engrav$ r$ c>nelian4 ,f\nd 9 #ahdf ne> ,ami5s1 ,france ,illu/ration3 #a1 r+ ( gilt copp] set ) a ruby2 #b1 r+ set ) irregul>ly-%ap$ sapphire ,londesbor\gh ,collection ,illu/ration3 #a1 ,roman r+1 p]haps a signet2 elliptical hoop ) project+ %\ld]s2 #b1 hexagonal r+ set ) engrav$ /one be>+ figure ( ,hygeia1 ! ,goddess ( ,heal? ,illu/ration3 ,r+ t 0 p]haps giv5 by a ,roman lady to a successful *>iote]4 ,bu/ ( donor on summit ( r+ ,all f ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 spiral r+ ) heads ( ,isis & ,s]apis #b1 ,etruscan gold r+ ,briti% ,museum ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,silv] r+ ) t5 projections 7decade r+72 t = ! ,cre$ 7! bezel7 has ! design ( ! ,cross4 ,impression ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,imm5se r+ ) female head incorrectly said to be t ( ,plot9a1 wife ( ,trajan ,montfaucon1 8,l',antiquit explique10 ,p>is1 #agai ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,roman ,key ,r+s ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,we are n apt to ?9k ! we>+ ( _m r+s especially 9 accord ) ! pr(ession ( philosophy1 & yet lian tells u t a *ief cause ( ! diss5sion betwe5 ,plato 7#dbg-cdg ,b4,c47 & 8 pupil1 ,ari/otle 7#chd-cbb ,b4,c471 arose f ! blame be/[$ by ,plato ^u ! greate/ ( anci5t philosoph]s--8! ma/] ( ^? :o "k10 z ,dante calls him--because ,ari/otle adorn$ 8 h& ) _m r+s4#ed ,c\ld ?is h be5 done ) a view to impress+ 8 /ud5ts & philosoph]s ) great] respect ?an !y might always h be5 dispos$ to accord to 8 intellectual greatness alone8 ,! ext]nals ( luxuri\s adornm5t made1 p]haps1 a m direct appeal ?an ! m]e p[] ( logical exposition c\ld d1 & su* an em95tly practical ?9k] z ,ari/otle 0 may n h be5 bl9d to ^! consid]ations4 ,a gold r+ figur$ by ,gorius is ?\ght by him to h be5 a gift f an ard5t ,roman sportswoman to a victori\s *>iote]1 to ^: skill %e may p]haps h be5 indebt$ = "s mat]ial ga91 s9ce wag]+ 9 *>iot races 0 z common 9 ,roman times z bett+ on horse races 9 our own day4 ,?is r+ is engrav$ ) a woman's head & two heads ( re9$ horses2 ! "n ( ! donor1 ,pomphonica1#ee & ! words amor & hospes1 are engrav$ on ! circlet4 8,love ! ,ho/10 z ^! words may be read1 makes a slightly enigmatic inscription4 ,inde$1 x may well be t "s fair ,roman _h ! r+ made z a mem5to = h] own use & we>4 ,ano!r conjecture is t x 0 a man's r+ execut$ z a mem5to ( :at 0 de>e/ to him1 8 ladylove & 8 *>iot horses4 ,x 0 9 ! ,cab9et ( ! ,tuscan gr& duke ,francis ( ,lorra9e1 lat] ,emp]or ( ,g]many & husb& ( ,m>ia ,!resa4#ef ,a ,lat9 inscription1 f ,granada1 ,spa91 m5tions a r+1 set ) a jasp]1 t 0 plac$ by a son ^u ! /atue ( 8 "m4 ,! value ( ! r+ is giv5 z #gjjj se/]tii1 indicat+ t ! /one 0 engrav$2 ! design probably _h a symbolic significance1 z 9 ! case ( mo/ ( ! votive r+s4#eg ,m>tial1 9 "o ( 8 epigrams 7,v4#ab7 says t !re 0 no?+ surpris+ 9 ! feats p]=m$ by c]ta9 a?letes1 :5 ,/ella c\ld c>ry t5 maid5s ^u "o ( 8 f+]s4 ,9 a v int]e/+ /udy on ?is subject1 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+ endeavors to prove t ! l9es ref] to a rem>kable r+ :]eon t5 preci\s /ones mu/ h be5 associat$ 9 "s way ) d$icat$ to ,m9]va & ! ,n9e ,muses4 ,9 ano!r epigram 7,v4#aa7 ,m>tial writes ( ,/ella turn+ s>donyxes1 em]alds1 diamonds1 & jasp]s ar\nd "o ( 8 f+]-jo9ts1 & ,k+ conjectures t ! ,t5 ,maid5s 7 repres5t$ by ! opal1 sapphire 7hyac9?71 sp9el1 ,ori5tal topaz1 alm&9e g>net1 & pe>l1 9 addition to ! f\r /ones enum]at$ above4 ,%\ld ?is conjecture be well-f\nd$ ^! diff]5t /ones 7 set at regul> int]vals1 ^! /ones be+ ,m9]va & ! ,muses1 al?\gh we h no direct pro( ( ?is4 ,?is r+ ( ! ,t5 ,maid5s sugge/s ! decade or ros>y r+s1 ( :i* s _m specim5s exi/4 ,usually !re 7 t5 bosses or knobs1 z ! "n indicates1 b occasionally !re 7 elev51 = c\nt+ t5 ,aves & a ,pat]4 ,! e>lie/ date ,mr4 ,wat]ton is incl9$ to assign to r+s ( ?is type is ! f\rte5? c5tury4#eh ,a s-call$ decade r+ ) twelve bosses is describ$ 9 ! catalogue ( ! ,londesbor\gh ,collection4#ei ,"h ! c5tral knob is a too?1 opposite ?is is a piece ( labradorite1 :ile on ei!r side are set two ame?y/s1 a *rysoprase & an em]ald1 two jac9?s1 two turquoises1 & two pe>ls4 ,! twelf? knob /ood = ! cre$4 ,sometimes1 :]e !re are elev5 projections1 t5 pat]no/]s & ! cre$ 7 to be recit$4 ,a good example ( a decade r+ is "o ( silv] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! t5 projections = ! pat]no/]s are v m>k$ & ! elev5?1 = ! cre$1 :i* =ms ! bezel1 has ! =m ( a crucifix1 ! cross re/+ on ?ree /eps4 ,?is rises to a consid]able relative height above ! hoop4 ,su* a r+ c\ld sc>cely be worn ) com=t1 its liturgical use evid5tly be+ ! p>am\nt idea ( ! mak]4#fj ,! gold & silv] *aplet r+s1 ) a cross & t5 beads or bosses 9 relief ^u ! hoop1 7 frequ5tly us$ by ! ,knights ( ,malta1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury2 inde$ ?is type ( r+ is said to h be5 inv5t$ by !m4 ,_! use z sub/itutes = ! less conv5i5t *aplet 0 spread+1 until 9 #ahcf ! matt] 0 ref]r$ by ,pope ,gregory ,,xvi to ! tribunal ( p5it5ti>ies4 ,its decision1 transmitt$ by ! ,c>d9al ,p5it5ti>y ,ca/racane1 z to ! "q 8:e!r ! gold or silv] r+s1 surr\nd$ by t5 bosses1 :i* are us$ by "s pi\s p]sons = ! recitation ( ! ,ros>y ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 c be bless$ ) ! appropriate indulg5ces10 0 9 ! negative4#fa ,! r+-money us$ by ! anci5t ,gauls & ,britons illu/rates ! employm5t ( :at might be ornam5tal objects z curr5cy4 ,an exceptionally f9e specim5 made ( ne>ly pure gold 0 rec5tly f\nd by a f>m] :ile he 0 pl\gh+ a field ne> ,wood/ock1 ,ox=d%ire1 ,engl&4 ,( c\rse _m or mo/ ( ^! r+s 7 n worn b m]ely us$ z money4 ,a legal use ( a sapphire r+ to b9d a b>ga9 is record$ 9 a de$ ( gift1 f ab\t #abjj ,a4,d41 by a c]ta9 ,john ,long to ,william ,prohume1 cl]k1 ( l& & h\ses 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,/reet1 ,exet]1 at a r5t ( #fs #h;d1 :i* sum 0 to be donat$ to ,/4 ,john's ,hospital 9 ,exet]4 ,! grantor ackn[l$ges ! receipt ( #de m>ks & ( a gold r+ set ) a sapphire z ! price ( ?is lease on v favorable t]ms4#fb ,preci\s /ones set 9 r+s sometimes s]v$ to hide a 8talisman0 ( a peculi> k9d1 namely1 a dose ( dea?-deal+ poison1 kept z a la/ resort to free ! we>] ( ! r+ f disgrace or f a worse dea?4 ,s we are told t :5 ,m>cus ,crassus /ripp$ ! ,capitol9e ,temple ( its treasures ( gold1 ! fai?ful gu>dian broke betwe5 8 tee? ! /one set 9 8 r+1 swall[$ ! poison hidd5 b5ea? x1 & imm$iately expir$4#fc ,! great ,hannibal1 also1 _h rec\rse to ! poison conta9$ 9 8 r+1 :5 he 0 on ! po9t ( be+ giv5 up to 8 bitt] enemies1 ! ,romans4 ,( ?is r+ ! satiri/ ,juv5al wrote z foll[s3 8,cann>um v9dex et tanti sangu9is ultor ,anulus10 or 8,t r+1 ! av5g] ( ^? :o fell at ,cann1 & ( s mu* blood t _h be5 %$40 ,ano!r great man1 ! pe]less orator ,demo/h5es1 is said to h c>ri$ ) him a simil> r+4 ,9 a ,rabb9ical comm5t>y on ,deut]onomy occurs ! foll[+ curi\s passage3 ,ha/ ?\ !n no r+8 ,suck x out & ?\ wilt die4 ,?is has be5 expla9$ z ref]r+ to a holl[ r+ fill$ ) liquid poison4#fd ,"s anci5t gold r+s 7 made holl[1 s t !y c\ld be fill$ ) ma/ic or brim/one1 or an aromatic mat]ial4 ,9 ! old 8,oneirocriticon10 or 8,dream ,book0 ( ,artemidorus1 to see a r+ ( ?is k9d 9 a dream port5d$ trea*]y or deceit1 z !y enclos$ some?+ hidd5 f view1 :ile a r+ solidly wr\ght by ! hamm] 0 exactly :at x purport$ to be4#fe ,! poison-r+s ( ! ,borgias are n fabul\s1 = "s ( !m /ill exi/1 "o be>+ ! date #aejc & ! motto ( ,cs> ,borgia 9 ,old ,fr5*1 8,fays ce que doys avi5 que p\rra0 7,d y\r duty1 happ5 :at may74 ,b5ea? ! bezel ( ?is r+ !re is a slid+ panel & :5 ?is is displac$ !re appe>s a small space :]e ! poison 0 kept4 ,su* r+s simply af=d$ a ready supply ( poison at ne$1 b ano!r type con/itut$ a dea?-deal+ weapon4 ,x is curi\s to note h[ 9 a r+ ( ?is latt] type ! ,r5aissance goldsmi? has comb9$ an arti/ic idea ) ! nef>i\s quality ( ! jewel4 ,! bezel is wr\ght into ! %ape ( a lion1 & ! holl[ claws ( ! animal admit ! passage ( a subtle poison conceal$ 9 a small res]voir back ( ! bezel4 ,by a me*anical device ! poison 0 press$ out ( ! cavity ?r\gh ! lion's claws1 & x is conjectur$ t ! dea?-w\nd c\ld h be5 inflict$ by turn+ ! bezel ( ! r+ inw>d1 s t a he>ty grasp w\ld produce a few slight punctures 9 ! enemy's h&4#ff ,:ile ^! ,borgia r+s repres5t an extreme ( diabolical +5uity1 ! p]fum$ r+s1 ! use ( :i* has be5 reviv$ to a c]ta9 ext5t ( late1 con/itute a ref9em5t ( civilization4 ,?is r+ is g5]ally made ( pla9 gold ) a small ela/ic ball & valve at ! back4 ,?is is squeez$ flat & ! r+ is imm]s$ 9 a p]fum$ liquid2 :5 ! pressure is remov$ ! sc5t is drawn into ! r+ by suction4 ,an +5i\s adju/m5t r5d]s x possible = ! we>] to dis*>ge a jet or spray ( p]fume by ! ex]cise ( a v trifl+ pressure4 ,n only p]fumes b dis9fectants also are sometimes us$1 & r+s *>g$ 9 ?is way may be said to repres5t antidotes ( ! dread$ poison r+s1 n p]haps 9 a lit]al s5se1 b at lea/ 9 ! s5se ( be+ curative r+s4 ,a poison r+ ( ,v5etian workman%ip has a ri*ly engrav$ hoop1 ! sett+ consi/+ ( a po9t$ diamond on ei!r side ( :i* are two cabo*on-cut rubies4 ,on t\*+ a spr+ at ! side ( ! bezel hold+ ! diamond1 ! upp] half1 9 :i* ! /one is set1 spr+s op51 reveal+ a space b5ea? 9 :i* a small quantity ( poison c\ld be conceal$1 en\gh 9 ! case ( ! m active poisons to furni% a le?al dose1 ei!r = an enemy or = ! we>] ( ! r+ himself 9 case ( ne$4#fg ,! son ( ! great ,egmont 0 involv$ m or less directly 9 an unsuccessful plot to poison ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange 9 #aehb4 ,x 0 ass]t$ t ! crime 0 committ$ at ! w\ld-be assass9's own table1 by means ( a drug conceal$ 9 a r+4 ,?is /ory appe>$ to be confirm$ by ! alleg$ f9d+ 9 ,egmont's lodg+s ( a holl[ r+ fill$ ) poison4#fh ,a writ] on poison my/]ies describes a possible poison r+ 9 ! great ,briti% ,museum collection4 ,! bezel has a repository cov]$ by a ?9-cut onyx on :i* is engrav$ ! head ( a horn$ faun4#fi ,h[ev]1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,catalogue ( ,r+s by ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 ! /atem5t is made t !re are no au!ntic poison r+s 9 ! ,museum1 & t 8! m]e possession ( a locket-bezel does n suffice to l5d romance to a r+ p]haps int5d$ to conta9 a h>mless p]fume40#gj ,a gold5 r+-dial 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection is a flat b& ar\nd ! middle ( :i* runs a *annel 9 :i* ano!r1 movable r+1 fits closely4 ,! mon?-names are engrav$ on ! b&1 six above ! *annel & six bel[ x4 ,! movable r+ has a small hole ) a /> on "o side1 & a h& ) index & second f+]s ext5d$ on ! o!r4 ,inside1 ! numb]s ( ! h\rs f #d ,a4,m4 to #h ,p4,m4 are engrav$ 9 two l9es1 ! h\r ( noon be+ beyond !m at ! po9t opposite to ! r+ :i* susp5ds ! dial4 ,9 us+ a dial-r+ ! ap]ture 9 ! movable r+ 0 br\ght 9 a l9e ) ! mon? 9 :i* ! obs]vation 0 tak52 ?is be+ done ! figure on ! inside ^u :i* ! sun's ray w\ld fall w\ld give ! approximate "t ( day4#ga ,%akespe>e provides ,t\*/one ) a dial r+ 9 8,z ,y ,l ,x0 7,act ,,ii1 sc4 #g7 :]e ,jaques says3 8,good morr[ fool10 quo? ,i4 8,no1 ,sir1 quo? he1 ,call me n fool1 till heav5 ha? s5t me =tune40 ,& !n he drew a dial f 8 poke1 ,& look+ on x ) lack-lu/re eye1 ,says1 v wisely1 8,x is t5 o'clock40 ,a wat*-r+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury is 9 ! ,franks ,beque/ ,collection ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! oval wat* 9 ! bezel is fram$ ) pe>ls1 on ! back ( ! r+ are ! initials ,a4,r4 ,z ! bezel measures b n9e-t5?s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 ?is t9y wat* exemplifies ! skill ( ! wat*-mak]s ( ! "t4 ,! entire r+ weighs b #age gra9s4#gb ,! cu/om ( leav+ memorial r+s = ! fri5ds ( ! dep>t$ _h its orig9 9 ! be/[al ( m sub/antial beque/s4 ,9 fact1 ^! r+s /& 9 some:at ! same relation to su* beque/s z does ! w$d+ r+ to ! gifts ! husb& 0 expect$ to make to 8 wife :5 he w$d$ h]4 ,9 bo? cases ?is has be5 lo/ sight (1 & ! intr9sic value ( ! objects be+ slight1 only ! s5tim5tal value is consid]$4 ,an e>ly in/ance ( ! beque/ ( r+s is (f]$ 9 ! case ( ,ri*>d ,,ii 7#acff-adjj71 :o1 by 8 te/am5t1 left a gold r+ to ea* ( ! n9e executors1 five ( :om 7 bi%ops & f\r great nobles4#gc ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury "o :o held1 & /ill holds sway 9 ano!r realm1 t ( lit]ature1 con=m$ to ?is usage1 = 9 ,%akespe>e's w1 dat$ ,m>* #be1 #afaf1 r+s 7 bequea!d to ,hamlett ,sadl]1 ,william ,reynoldes1 ,an?ony ,na% & ,john ,na%1 8 fell[ t[nsm51 z well z to ?ree actors1 ,burbage1 ,hem+ & ,condell1 :o _h ! privilege ( 8creat+0 p>ts 9 ! greate/ dramas ev] writt54 ,! sum ( #bfs #h;d is appropriat$ = ea* ( ^! r+s1 ab\t #f4ej ( our money4 ,z ! fa%ion became m preval5t1 ! numb] ( r+s provid$ = 9 ! wills ( well-kn[n p]sons mu/ h con/itut$ q a *>ge ^u _! e/ates4 ,! qua9t & delightful ,pepys1 t close obs]v] & great gossip :o knew all ! prom95t p ( ! ,london ( 8 day1 left directions on 8 dea?1 9 #agjc1 = ! di/ribution ( #abc memorial r+s among 8 fri5ds4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ev5ts 9 ,engli% hi/ory is believ$ to h giv5 su* a great vogue to ?is usage4 ,! dea? ( ,*>les ,i on ! scaffold1 ,janu>y #cj1 #afdi--;8 m>tyrdom z ! royali/s call$ x--creat$ an ineffaceable impression ^u ! m9ds & he>ts ( ^? :o _h tak5 ! k+'s side 9 ! /ruggle ) ! p>liam5t>y p>ty4 ,to commemorate ?is sad ev5t & to obey ! la/ injunction ( ! un=tunate mon>*1 8rememb]10 a great numb] ( memorial r+s 7 made1 be>+ ! "n & (t5 ! portrait ( ,*>les1 & ^! 7 worn by ! royali/s4 ,x appe>s t ?is seem$ to make ! be/[al ( memorial r+s a m g5]al cu/om ?an be=e1 z f ?is "t an increas$ numb] ( su* r+s appe>4 ,! types ( ^! r+s v>i$ consid]ably 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies4 ,^? ( ! sixte5? c5tury 7 made ( pla9 gold1 or ( gold enamell$ ) repres5tations ( a skeleton1 spade & pick1 h\r-glass1 or simil> emblems ( dea?2 ! inscription 0 engrav$1 usually on ! inside ( ! r+2 occasionally ! bezel 0 r\nd$ into ! =m ( a skull4 ,9 ! p]iod succe$+ ! dea? ( ,que5 ,anne 7#agad71 & ext5d+ to ab\t #aggd1 ! fa%ion gradually *ang$1 & ! inscriptions1 in/ead ( be+ engrav$1 7 9 rais$ lett]s1 ?r[n into great] relief by ! application ( :ite & black enamel4 ,?is /yle is said to h be5 br\ght f ,france1 & ! e>lie/ specim5s are presum$ to h be5 execut$ by ,fr5* workm52 an example ( ?is type ( r+1 dat+ f #agag1 is 9 ! ,crisp ,collection4 ,9 "o su* r+ ! inscription is enamell$ )9 ! hoop4 ,an exceptionally f9e specim5 ( ! r+s ( ?is p]iod is t 9 memory ( ,ri*>d ,pett1 :o di$ ,febru>y #bc1 #agfe1 ag$ #gf ye>s4#gd ,?is be>s an ame?y/ & f\r rose diamonds 9 an op5work sett+4 ,ano!r innovation dur+ ?is p]iod is ! employm5t ( :ite enamel 9 ! case ( r+s 9 memory ( "y maid5s2 ! e>lie/ example dates f #agbf & 0 giv5 z a mem5to ( ! dea?1 at fifte5 ye>s1 ( ,doro?y ,t5ison1 daught] ( ! ,bi%op ( ,ossory4 ,9 _! se>* = novelty ! goldsmi?s sometimes _h resort to r grewsome decorations1 & ! bezel ( "s r+s has ! =m ( a c(f91 )9 :i* lies a skeleton1 c>efully done 9 enamel4 ,! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury supplies u ) "s ( ! mo/ elaborately design$ memorial r+s4 ,9 _m ( ^! ! bezel %[s v>i\s emblematic figures =m$ ( gold wire1 se$ pe>ls1 ivory & enamel2 "o r+ ( ?is type has ! inscription3 8,heav5 has 9 /ore :at ?\ ha/ lo/40 ,h[ev]1 hair soon became ! favorite mat]ial4 ,at fir/1 a lock ( hair f ! head ( ! deceas$ p]son 0 enclos$ 9 ! bezel1 no attempt be+ made to =m any patt]n2 b soon ! hair 0 spread out ov] ! surface & arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a tree2 lat] on1 ^! r+s %[ u an urn plac$ b5ea? ! tree1 & /ill lat] we h 9 addition a male or female figure 9 an attitude ( grief1 all ^! be+ =m$ entirely ( hair4 ,a unique r+ 9 ! ,crisp ,collection#ge is a mem5to ( ! dea? ( sev5 *ildr51 ! elde/ n ov] n9e ye>s1 :o p]i%$ 9 a fire 9 ,lead5hall ,/reet1 ,london4 ,?is gold & ivory r+ be>s a design %[+ sev5 *]ubs' heads surr\nd+ ! words3 8,to et]nal bliss40 ,at ! back ( ! bezel is inscrib$3 8,translat$ #ah ,janu>y #aghb40 ,z a rule !re is little v>iety 9 ! inscriptions ^u memorial r+s4 8,mem5to mori10 & 8,n lo/ b gone be=e0 are mo/ frequ5t4 ,on ! r+ ( ,pr9cess ,amelia1 ! favorite daught] ( ,george ,,iii1 :o di$ ,novemb] #b1 #ahaj1 are ! words 8,rememb] me40#gf ,!re is a t\*+ /ory reg>d+ ?is r+4 ,on h] dea?-b$ ! pr9cess ord]$ t x %\ld be made & _h a lock ( h] hair enclos$ 9 x4 ,z %e lay dy+ %e put ! r+ on h] fa!r's f+] ) ! words ( ! inscription4 ,! loss ( ?is de>ly belov$ daught] appe>s to h f9ally det]m9$ ! madness ( ! unhappy k+1 = he nev] recov]$ 8 reason aft] ! ev5t4 ,ano!r int]e/+ r+ is t d$icat$ to ! memory ( ! r notori\s ,"l ,lovat1 :o 0 behead$ 9 ,london1 ,april #i1 #agdg1 = alleg$ complicity 9 ! ,jacobite ris+ ( #agde4 ,?is is set ) a cry/al1 b5ea? :i* is "s hair betwe5 two rose diamonds1 & be>s ,lovat's la/ words1 ! fam\s l9e ( ,horace1 8,dulce et decorum e/ pro patria mori40#gg ,! extravagance & ta/elessness %[n 9 _m ( ! m elaborate =ms ( ! memorial r+1 h _h ! natural result ( caus+ a rev]sion to ! sev]e simplicity ( ! e>li] types1 & a pla91 b massive gold r+1 ) ! words1 8,to ! memory ( ----0 became ! usual type4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 memorial r+ ( ,*>les ,i1 conceal$ portrait b5ea? a table-cut diamond4 #b1 memorial r+ ) two skeletons support+ a s>cophagus4 ,:5 ! lid is rais$ a m9ute skeleton is se5 )9 ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 design = a memorial r+ f ! 8,recueil des ,ouvrages d',orfevr]ie0 by ,gilles l',eg>2 e>ly "p ( reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 #b1 ,engli% memorial r+ conv]t$ into a memorial ( ,*>les ,i by ! foll[+ inscription inside ! hoop3 8,c4 ,r41 ,jan4 #cj1 #afdi1 ,m>tyr40 #c1 memorial r+1 e>ly "p ( ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,gold memorial r+ ( ,capt4 ,rob]t ,jackson1 di$ ,octob] #bi1 #agbf1 ag$ fifty-six ye>s ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,cameo portrait ( ,l\is ,,xii ( ,france1 cut 9 a pale ruby4 ,on ! gold plate at ! back ( ! bezel is ! inscription3 ,loys ,,xiime ,roy de ,france dec$a #a ,janvi]1 #aeae4 ,latt] "p ( ,fifte5? or beg9n+ ( ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,d\ble l9e> size ,c4 ,d4 ,=tnum's 8,antique ,gems & ,jewels 9 ,h] ,maje/y's ,collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le0 ,illu/ration3 ,nelson memorial r+4 ,gold r+ ) two initial lett]s3 ,n1 b5ea? a visc\nt's coronet1 ref]r+ to ! title ,visc\nt ,nelson ( ! ,nile2 & ,b1 b5ea? a ducal coronet1 = ! title ,duke ( ,bront ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,napoleon memorial r+ ( gold1 said to be "o ( six giv5 ^? conc]n$ 9 8 escape f ,elba 9 #ahae4 ,portrait conceal$ b5ea? h+$ lid ,briti% ,museum ,sev5 ,nelson memorial r+s 7 %[n at ! ,royal ,naval ,exhibition at ,*elsea 9 #ahia2 two ( ^! conta9$ "s ( ! h]o's hair1 & "o belong$ to ^? di/ribut$ among ,nelson's capta9s & o!r (fic]s aft] 8 dea?4 ,( ! two r+s enclos+ hair1 "o set ) a diamond 0 loan$ by ,messrs4 ,lamb]t ,co4 & ! o!r by ,admiral ,sir ,ar?ur ,f>quh>1 ,k4,c4,b4#gh ,a f9e specim5 ( a ,nelson r+ is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! broad1 flat hoop exp&s at ! %\ld]s1 & 9 a rais$ oblong bezel are figur$ a visc\nt's coronet & a ducal coronet ) ,n b5ea? ! =m] & ,b b5ea? ! latt]1 indicat+ 8 titles ,visc\nt ,nelson ( ! ,nile & ,duke ( ,bront4 ,bel[ ! lett]s is ! "n ,trafalg> & on ! ext]ior ( ! hoop appe>s ,nelson's motto 8,palmam qui m]uit f]at0 7,let him be> ! palm :o m]its x74 ,!re is hi/oric record ( two memorial r+s1 "o set ) an em]ald & ! o!r ) a sapphire1 ! gifts ( two unhappy royal p]sonages made %ortly be=e dea?4 ,! fir/ ( ^! r+s 0 be/[$ ^u ! great ,fr5* prea*] ,bossuet by ! ,/u>t pr9cess ,h5rietta ,anne1 :o1 on h] dea?-b$1 direct$ t aft] %e _h gone to re/ !re %\ld be giv5 to ,bossuet 8! em]ald r+ %e _h ord]$ to be made = him40 ,( ! second r+1 t set ) a sapphire1 we le>n t %ortly be=e h] execution 9 #aehg1 ! un=tunate ,m>y ( ,scotl& took x f h] f+] & s5t x to h] fai?ful foll[]1 ,"l ,john ,hamilton1 9 ^: family x has s9ce !n be5 pass$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation z a priceless heirloom4#gi ,sev]al memorial or m\rn+ r+s are among ! treasures ( ! ,figdor ,collection 9 ,vi5na4 ,"o ( ^! is ( massive silv] & has ! ,old ,fr5* inscription3 8dort c\at10 7re/ 9 peace72 x 0 f\nd at ,huy1 ne> ,/atte1 ,belgium1 & repres5ts "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,ano!r is ( enamell$ gold1 & is evid5tly = a woman's we>4 ,! inscription is3 8,r4 ,c4 ,n lo/ b gone be=e10 9 gilt lett]s on a :ite enamel gr\nd4 ,?is is an ,engli% r+ ( ab\t #ahjj4 ,a ,g]man r+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury has its head =m$ 9 ! %ape ( a c(f91 on :i* are skull & cross-bones2 on its sides is ! inscription3 8,hir i/ ,ruhe10 7,"h is re/74 ,:5 ! lid is lift$1 a he>t is disclos$ 9 ! c(f94#hj ,mem5to mori r+s1 be>+ a dea?'s head1 7 sometimes left z legacies4 ,su* 0 ! 8golde r+e ) a dea!'s head0 bequea!d by ,?omas9 ,hea? to h] si/] 9 #aeif1 8= a remembrance ( my good w40 ,%akespe>e wrote 9 8 ,love's ,lab\r's ,lo/ 7,act ,v1 sc4 #b7 ( 8a ,dea?'s face 9 a r+10 :]e poor1 p$antic ,hol(]nes' c\nt5ance is made ! subject ( mock]y4 ,a r unacc\ntable circum/ance is t su* r+s are ass]t$ to h be5 worn1 t[>d ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 by pr(essional 8ladies light o' love10 if we c safely g5]alize f a passage 9 ,m>/on's 8,dut* ,c\rtezan40#ha ,! ru?less executions c>ri$ out aft] ! suppression ( ! la/ ,jacobite revolt 9 #agde1 are memorializ$ 9 a r+ ( ! p]iod4 ,?is is ( gold1 ! inscriptions be+ def9$ by a :ite enamel backgr\nd4 ,on ! panel-%ap$ bezel are ! lett]s ,b4 ,d4 ,l4 ,k41 ! initials ( ! ,jacobite lords1 ,balm]9o1 ,kilm>nock 7exec4 ,aug4 #ah1 #agdf71 ,d]u5twat] 7exec4 ,dec4 #h1 #agdf71 & ,lovat 7exec4 ,april #i1 #agdg71 & ! dates #h1 ,,dec4 #i1 ,,ap4 #ah1 ,,au2 9 ! middle is an axe & ! date #agdf4 ,! initials ( sev5te5 ( ^! lords' foll[]s1 execut$ on ,k5s+ton ,common 9 ! same ye>1 are m>k$ on ! hoop ( ! r+4#hb ,9 ! possession ( ,waldo ,l9coln1 ( ,worce/]1 ,mass41 is a memorial r+ consi/+ ( a n>r[ pla9 gold b&4 ,!re is fa9tly disc]nible on ?is a w+$ head1 app>5tly a skull1 simil> to ! heads ( ?is type sometimes to be se5 sculptur$ on old grave/ones4 ,ar\nd ! inn] side ( ! b& runs ! foll[+ inscription3 8,hoble ,i4 ,w9sl[ ,esqr41 ob4 #ad ,decr4 #agch #fh40hc ,?is ref]s to ,isaac ,w9sl[1 a son ( ! not$ ,josiah ,w9sl[ 7#afbi-afhj71 gov]nor ( ,plym\? ,colony f #afgc until 8 dea?1 & :o 0 ! fir/ native-born gov]nor 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,x 0 dur+ 8 t]m ( (fice t ! sev]e conte/ ) ! ,indians1 kn[n z ,k+ ,philip's ,w>1 0 f\ght out successfully4 ,a m\rn+ r+ ) a /rangely mat]iali/ic motto is t execut$ by ord] ( ! ,beef/eak ,club to commemorate ! demise ( ,john ,?ornhill1 ,esq41 on ,septemb] #bc1 #ageg1 accord+ to ! inscription 9 :ite enamel on ! hoop4 ,! bezel is flat & ( oval =m1 enamell$ 9 pale blue & :ite2 9 ! c5tre is %[n a gridiron & ar\nd ?is is ! leg5d3 8,beef & ,lib]ty40#hd ,! ,beef/eak ,club1 =m$ e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 0 ,tory 9 politics1 an oppon5t ( ! ,kit-,cat ,club1 ^: memb]s 7 devot$ to ! success ( ! ,:igs4 ,r+s z memorials ( ! dead sugge/ ! m5tion ( a memorial r+ ( ano!r k9d1 "o de/9$ to favor ! revival ( a defunct gov]nm5t4 ,:5 ,napoleon ,i 0 exil$ to ,elba aft] ! ov]?r[ ( 8 empire & ! re/oration ( ! ,b\rbons1 _m ( 8 fai?ful foll[]s clung to ! hope t he w\ld return & re-e/abli% 8 rule 9 ,france4 ,9 ord] to aid 9 keep+ ?is hope alive1 a numb] ( r+s 7 made :i* c\ld be worn ) impunity1 b :i* c\ld also s]ve :5 desir$ z pro(s ( ! we>]s' atta*m5t to ! ,napoleonic cause4 ,"o ( ^! is describ$ z a gold r+ on :i* a m9ute gold & enamel c(f9 0 set2 on press+ a spr+ at ! side ( ! r+ a section ( ! circlet sprang up & reveal$ a t9y figure ( ,napoleon execut$ 9 enamel4#he ,at ! ,engli% ,b>1 ! usage long exi/$ t c]ta9 *os5 b>ri/]s %\ld be giv5 ! title & sup]ior rank ( s]jeants4 ,9 important cases1 a s]jeant 0 usually reta9$ z pr9cipal manag] & *ief repres5tative at ! trial1 & g5]ally made ! /atem5t ( ! case 9 c\rt1 :ile "o or m ord9>y b>ri/]s got up ! evid5ce & aid$ 9 ! exam9ation ( witnesses2 no s]jeants h be5 appo9t$ s9ce #ahfh4 ,z ) almo/ all ! /ages ( an ,engli% law-/ud5t's & b>ri/]'s progress1 heavy exp5ses _h to be born by ! new s]jeant1 z he 0 expect$ n only to give a spl5did d9n]1 or r a s]ies ( d9n]s la/+ = a week1 to all :o 7 closely or di/antly relat$ to 8 pref]m5t1 b to be/[ a gold r+ ^u ea* "o ( ! num]\s gue/s1 ^! 8s]jeant r+s0 v>y+ 9 elegance & value accord+ to ! rank ( ! recipi5t4 ,s /rictly 0 ?is purely traditional cu/om con/ru$ t a close wat* 0 kept to prev5t any *eap5+ ( ! quality or intr9sic value ( ^! obligatory r+s4 ,z x _h be5 laid d[n by a lead+ au?ority t ! r+ to be giv5 to a *ief ju/ice1 or 8*ief b>on10 mu/ h ! weight ( tw5ty %ill+s' wor? ( gold1 a =mal prote/ 0 made on "o occasion1 :5 r+s weigh+ a t5? less ?an ?is _h be5 be/[$1 n1 z ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,kelynge told ! newly appo9t$ s]jeants1 because ( ! money value1 b 8t x might n be drawn into a prec$5t40#hf ,! av]age co/ ( "o ( ^! be/[als ( r+s has be5 e/imat$ at ab\t #dj 7#bjj74 ,! fir/ def9ite notice ( ! be/[al ( s]jeants' r+s comes f ! lat] ye>s ( ,elizabe?'s reign1 al?\gh ! usage is believ$ to date back at lea/ z f> z ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,vi 7#adbb-adfa74 ,! ,lat9 motto on a r+ ( ,sir ,john ,f9eux1 call$ 9 #adhe1 is 8,su quisque =tun fab]10 or 8,e man is ! artizan ( 8 own =tune40 ,! mottoes engrav$ on ^! r+s h v>i$ f reign to reign4 ,"o ( ,elizabe?'s "t be>s 8,lex regis prsidium0 7,! ,law is ! /ronghold ( ! ,k+72 "u ,*>les ,,ii ! motto 0 8,ade/ ,c>olus magnus0 7,*>les ! ,great is ) u74 ,mu* m dignifi$ & tell+ is ! motto 9 ,james ,,ii's reign1 8,deus1 lex1 rex0 7,god1 ! ,law1 ! ,k+71 imply+ t ,god is ! s\rce ( ! law1 & t ! law is above k+s4 ,z to ! heavy tax sometimes impos$ ^u a new b>ri/]'s pecuni>y res\rces1 x is /at$ t on "o occasion #adji r+s 7 giv5 at an exp5se ( #ggc 7#chfe74 ,! usage1 ?\gh ma9ta9$ to a consid]able ext5t1 became some:at less oppressive t[>d ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 b ev5 9 #ahef r+s 7 giv51 "s ( !m be>+ ! motto 8,c$ant arma tog0 7,arms w give place to ! ,g[n7 9 allusion to ! approa*+ peace ) ,russia aft] ! ,crimean ,w>4#hg ,ab\t #ahcj1 :5 popul> feel+ 0 r\s$ to ! highe/ pit* by ! agitation = ! repeal ( ! ,corn ,laws1 _m r+s 7 set ) ! foll[+ /ones1 ! initial lett]s =m+ ! ^w 8repeal03 ,ruby ,em]ald ,pe>l ,em]ald ,ame?y/ ,lapis lazuli ,an ,iri%man1 :o own$ su* a r+1 not$ "o day t ! lapis lazuli _h fall5 out1 & took ! r+ to a jewell] 9 ,cork1 to h ! miss+ /one replac$4 ,:5 ! "w 0 complet$1 ! own]1 see+ t ! jewell] _h set a topaz 9 place ( a lapis lazuli1 prote/$ aga9/ ! sub/itution2 b ! jewell] induc$ him to accept ! r+ z x 01 by ! witty explanation t x n[ read 8repeat10 & t if ! agitation 7 (t5 en\gh repeat$1 ! repeal w\ld come ( itself4#hh ,illu/ration3 ,cross$ h&s ( ! figure ( a woman ^u a mummy case 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,h&s f portrait ( a woman4 ,s*ool ( ,crana* ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,h9du r+ jewel comb9+ a r+ = ea* f+] & = ! ?umb1 a l>ge ornam5t = ! back ( ! h&1 & a bracelet ,b>?1 8,das ,ges*meide0 ,illu/ration3 ,h&s f effigy ( ,sir ,humphrey ,/af=d's wife 9 ,bromsgrove ,*ur*1 ,/af=d%ire1 ,engl&4 ,r+s on e f+] except on little f+] ( "r h&4 ,f\r ( ^! r+s are figur$1 ! full size ( ! orig9als ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,?ree r+s /rung on a necklace4 ,detail ( portrait ( ,john ,con/ans ( ,saxony ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,"r h& f portrait ( ,b5$ict von ,h]t5/e9 by ,holbe92 seal on index f+] ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york ,illu/ration3 ,h&s f ,bottic9i's 8,/4 ,j]ome ) ,/4 ,damasius & o!r ,sa9ts0 ,national ,gall]y1 ,london ,,me?ods ,,( ,,we>+ ,a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! l>ge numb] ( r+s t "s ( ! noblewom5 ( anci5t ,egypt wore on _! f+]s is giv5 by ! cross$ h&s ( ! wood5 image on a mummy case 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! left h& is giv5 a decid$ pref]5ce 9 ?is respect ov] ! "r1 !re be+ no less ?an n9e r+s on ! =m] aga9/ b ?ree on ! latt]4 ,^! left-h& r+s comprise "o ?umb-r+ 7! signet71 ?ree = ! index1 two = ! middle f+]1 two = ! 8r+-f+]10 & "o = ! little f+]4 ,! ?umb ( ! "r h& be>s a r+ & two are on ! middle f+]4 ,9 ! tomb ( a k+ ( ! ,*]sonesus1 discov]$ at ,nicopolis 9 ! ,crimea1 two r+s 7 on ! k+'s h& & t5 on t ( ! que54 ,! /yle ( workman%ip indicat$ t ^! r+s 7 productions ( ! ,greek art ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41#hi a p]iod :5 9 ! ,greek _w r+s 7 usually worn m sp>+ly1 9 contra/ ) ! fa%ion t prevail$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian c5tury 9 ,rome4 ,! f9e ,egyptian collection ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art 9 ,new ,york ,city (f]s an illu/ration ( ,egyptian r+ we>+ at ! beg9n+ ( our era4 ,?is appe>s 9 ! mummy-case ( ,artemidora1 daught] ( ,h>pocradorus1 :o di$ 9 h] tw5ty-sev5? ye>4 ,! wood5 case figures ! =m ( ! deceas$ woman4 ,! index1 f\r? & little f+]s ( ! left h&1 ea* be> a r+2 ! f+]s ( ! "r h& h be5 brok5 (f4 ,! h&s are ( /ucco & ! r+s are gild$4 ,9 ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,greek gem-engrav+1 f ab\t #dhj ,b4,c4 to #djj ,b4,c41 ! sc>ab1 nev] us$ by ! ,greeks ( ,asia ,m9or1 came into g5]al disuse 9 ! ,greek _w1 & a type ( r+-/one appe>$1 de/9$ to become v popul>4 ,9 ^! ! engrav+ 0 (t5 done on ! convex side ( a sc>aboid =m1 ! convexity hav+ be5 mu* flatt5$ out1 :ile ) ! true sc>ab ! flat und]side bore ! engrav$ design or *>act]s4 ,occasionally r+-/ones _h be5 orig9ally pi]c$ = susp5sion4 ,! flatt5$ sc>aboid m>k$ a transition to ! flat r+-/ones2 b few1 if any1 examples ( ^! ant$ate ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,"o ( ! !ories giv5 by ,macrobius to expla9 ! we>+ ( r+s on ! f\r? f+]1 attributes ?is usage to ! desire to gu>d ! preci\s sett+ ( ! r+ f injury4 ,he /ates t r+s 7 fir/ worn1 n = ornam5t1 b = use z signets1 & 9 ! beg9n+ 7 made exclusively ( metal4 ,h[ev]1 ) ! increase ( weal? & luxury1 preci\s /ones 7 engrav$ & set 9 ! metal r+1 & x became necess>y to place su* a r+ on ! be/-protect$ f+]4 ,! ?umbs 7 mo/ con/antly us$2 ! index 0 too expos$2 ! ?ird f+] 0 too long1 & ! little f+] too small1 :ile ! "r h& 0 mu* m frequ5tly us$ ?an ! left h&4 ,h5ce ! *oice fell ^u ! f\r? f+] ( ! left h& z ! be/ fitt$ to receive a preci\s r+4#ij ,pl9y decl>es t :ile at fir/1 9 ! ,roman _w1 ! r+ 0 worn on ! f\r? f+]1 z 0 %[n 9 ! /atues ( ! old k+s ,numa ,pompilius & ,s]vius ,tullius1 x 0 lat] on %ift$ to ! index & f9ally to ! little f+]1#ia ?is be+ 9 accord ) our mod]n cu/om1 = m5's seal-r+s especially4 ,illu/ration3 ,,upp] ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,mummy ,,case ,,( ,,artemidora1 ,,daught] ,,( ,,h>pocradorus 7,,ab\t #ajj ,a4 ,d47 ,%e di$ at ! age ( tw5ty-sev54 ,on ! f+]s ( ! left h& !re are ?ree r+s2 ! f+]s ( ! "r h& are brok5 (f4 ,! r+s 7:i* are gild$7 z well z ! h&s !mselves are model$ 9 relief 9 /ucco ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,gift ( ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan1 ,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sket* ,,k9dly ,,made ,,= ,,! ,,au?or ,,by ,,sir ,,*>les ,,h]cules ,,read ,curator ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,briti% & ,m$ieval ,antiquities & ,e?nography 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ) 8 autograph description ,isidore ( ,seville1 9 8 brief *apt]s on r+s1 cites ! words spok5 by ,grac*us aga9/ ,mnius1 be=e ! ,roman ,s5ate1 z a pro( t ! we>+ ( _m r+s 0 !n consid]$ to be unwor?y ( a man4 ,! speak] calls ^u 8 he>]s to 8look ^u ! left h& ( ?is man to ^: au?ority we b[1 b :o ) a woman's vanity1 is adorn$ l a woman40 ,! ,bi%op ( ,seville also adduces ! decl>ation ( ,crassus :o1 z an explanation = 8 we>+ two r+s1 al?\gh an old man1 said t he did s 9 ! belief t !y w\ld fur!r increase 8 already imm5se weal?4#ib ,h5ce he mu/ h ?\ght !m end[$ ) "s magic p[]4 ,"o explanation ( ! great] supply ( anci5t gems ( ! p]iod subsequ5t to ! ,augu/an ,age1 z comp>$ ) ^? ( an e>li] date1 has be5 f\nd 9 ! increas+ popul>ity ( r+-we>+4 ,horace 7#fe-h ,b4,c47 already consid]s ?ree r+s on ! h& z m>k+ ! limit ( fa%ionable we>1 b ,m>tial 7ab4 #dj-ajd ,a4,d471 writ+ a c5tury lat]1 tells ( a ,roman d&y :o wore six r+s on ea* f+]4 ,z an in/ance ( ! multiplication ( seal-r+s1 ,pl9y /ates#ic t ! signet prop] _h to be plac$ = safe-keep+ 9 a special receptacle1 :i* 0 !n /amp$ ) ! impression ( ano!r seal1 le/ "s improp] use %\ld be made ( ! signet1 ! equival5t ( an individual signature4#id ,:5 ! usage ( we>+ r+s set ) pla9 or engrav$ preci\s /ones became g5]al 9 ,rome1 special caskets 7 made--_m ( !m ( ivory--to conta9 ! r+s & o!r small jewels4 ,! "n dactylio!ca1 8r+-treasury10 0 giv5 to su* a casket4 ,! fir/ ,roman to own "o 0 ,emilius ,scaurus1 son-9-law ( ,sylla 7#ach-gh ,b4,c471 :o liv$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! fir/ c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 b = a long "t 8 example 0 n foll[$ by ! ,romans1 ! next dactylio!ca to be se5 9 ,rome be+ t d$icat$ by ,pompey to ! ,capitol 9 #fa ,b4,c41 out ( ! spoils ( ,mi?ridates ! ,great1 :o own$ ! mo/ fam\s gem collection ( 8 "t4#ie ,9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4 ^! r+-caskets came into g5]al use1 & 7 reg>d$ z indisp5sable p>ts ( a ri* man's luxury4 ,?is is br\ght out 9 "o ( ,m>tial's epigrams :51 aft] say+ t ,*>mius wore six r+s on ea* f+] & kept !m on at night & ev5 :5 he took 8 ba?1 he proce$s3 8,y ask :y he does s8 ,because he has no dactylio!ca40#if ,?is evid5tly implies t he lack$ "o ( ! elem5ts ( ,roman 8good =m0 9 ! fa%ionable _w4 ,! ,lat9 epigrammati/ ^: brief1 cau/ic poems are a m9e ( in=mation reg>d+ ! cu/oms & co/umes ( ! ,romans 9 ! ,imp]ial age1 wrote ! foll[+ c\plet1 probably design$ = an inscription ^u a dactylio!ca1 or r+-case3#ig 8,(t5 does ! heavy r+ slip (f ! ano9t$ f+]s2 b if y confide y\r jewel to me1 x w be safe40 ,9 ! l>ge r+ collections ( royal treasuries or ( weal?y nobles 9 m$ival times1 ! r+s ) preci\s-/one sett+s 7 (t5 classifi$ accord+ to ! p>ticul> /ones1 & !n ^? ( ea* ( ^! classes 7 /rung on "o or m small /icks or w&s 7bacula74 ,among ,k+ ,john's 7#aafg-abaf7 jewels 9 ! ,t[] ( ,london1 an inv5tory ( #abje li/s sev]al su* bacul1 "o ) #bf diamonds1 two ) #dj & #dg em]alds1 respectively1 ano!r %ort] "o ) #g 8good0 topazes & /ill ano!r ) #i turquoises4#ih ,jewell]s also1 7 wont to keep _! r+s /rung on su* small rods1 an example ( ?is be+ %[n 9 a portrait depict+ a jewell]1 pa9t$ by an unkn[n ,g]man arti/ ( ! sixte5? or sev5te5? c5tury4 ,) o!r royal collections ( r+s ! classifi$ set r+s 7 kept already 9 anci5t times 9 dactylio!c1 or r+-caskets1 ! t]m dactylio!ca com+ to be us$ lat] m broadly z an equival5t = 8r+ collection0 or ev5 8gem collection40 ,9 #abgb ! ,cr[n ,jewels ( ,h5ry ,,iii ( ,engl& includ$ a numb] ( ^! r+ boxes1 f\r ( !m = #ajf ruby1 or balas-ruby r+s1 two = #ch em]ald r+s1 "o = #bj sapphire r+s1 & ano!r = #aa topaz r+s & "o set ) a p]idot4#ii ,! foll[+ description ( a jade 7nephrite7 r+box ( sev5te5?-c5tury ,indian workman%ip1 9 ! ,heb] ,r4 ,bi%op ,collection1 is giv5 9 "o ( ! great folios treat+ ( ^! wond]ful jades4#ajj ,a small cov]$ box ( ?ree comp>tm5ts 9 ! =m ( ?ree compress$ plums 7or simil> fruit7 held toge!r by ! twigs & leaves ( a leafy bran* :i* projects to =m a h&le1 & holl[$ out to =m a receptacle = f+]-r+s1 /uds or ! l4 ,! box prop] is decorat$ und]nea? ) leaves c>v$ 9 slight relief1 & is flang$ on ! edges to receive ! ?ree upp] segm5ts ( ! fruit :i* =ms ! cov] & are simil>ly decorat$ on top ) plum blossoms & held toge!r by a twig1 a leaf1 & an upright bud :i* s]ves z a h&le4 ,! :ole is v da9tily cut & poli%$1 & is s ?9 & ( su* transluc5cy t pr9t 9 contact ) x c easily be read ?r\gh x4 ,! m9]al is rem>kably pure & resembles a pale transp>5t horn4 ,:ile ! ,greeks & ,romans did n usually we> r+s on ! middle f+]1 ! ,gauls & ,britons adorn$ x 9 ?is way4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury x 0 cu/om>y to assign r+s z foll[s1 accord+ to ! quality ( ! we>]3#aja ,to ! ?umb = doctors4 ,to ! index f+] = m]*ants4 ,to ! middle f+] = fools4 ,to ! annul> f+] = /ud5ts4 ,to ! auricul> f+] = lov]s4 ,!re is a curi\s ,h9du sup]/ition to ! effect t anyone :o we>s a r+ on ! middle f+] w probably be attack$ & bitt5 by a scorpion4 ,= ?is reason ! ,h9dus are said to avoid we>+ any r+s on ?is f+]1 al?\gh ! o!rs are lad5 ) !m1 ea* f+]-jo9t hav+ its special adornm5t4#ajb ,9 ! ,grco-,roman _w also !re 0 a prejudice aga9/ decorat+ ! middle f+] ) a r+4 ,reg>d+ ! lib]ality ) :i* ! ,greeks & ,romans ( ! second c5tury ( our era us$ r+ adornm5ts = _! f+]s1 ! great ,greek humori/ ,lucian gives te/imony4 ,9 8 writ+ entitl$ 8,! ,cock10 he makes a "* relate a dream 9 :i* ! dream] ?\ght t a ri* man _h j di$ & _h left him 8 =tune4 ,!reupon1 9 8 dream1 he saw himself array$ 9 spl5did raim5t & we>+ sixte5 r+s on 8 f+]s4#ajc ,( ! affectations practic$ 9 r+ we>+ by "s n\veau-ri*es =eign]s 9 ,roman times1 ,juv5al says3 ,:5 "o sees an ,egyptian plebeian1 n long be=e a slave 9 ,canopus1 c>elessly ?r[+ back ov] 8 %\ld] a mantle ( ,tyrian purple1 & seek+ to cool 8 p]spir+ f+]s by we>+ summ]-r+s ( op5work gold1 z he _c be> ! weight ( gemm$ r+s1 h[ c "o fail to write x d[n 9 a satire8#ajd ,inde$1 to judge f ! weight & size ( "s ( ! r+s t h be5 pres]v$ f anci5t times1 ?is practice 0 n q s fooli% z x may seem1 = 9 ! moi/ heat ( ! dog-day 9 ,rome su* heavy r+s may well h be5 a burd54 ,) ! ,roman ladies r+s be>+ images ( ! animals wor%ipp$ by ! ,egyptians came into fa%ion 9 ,imp]ial times1 favor$ no d\bt by ! en?usia/ic wor%ip ( ,isis & ,s]apis4 ,su* r+s are said to h be5 worn almo/ exclusively by wom5 up to ! reign ( ,vespasian1 :5 m5 began to we> !m also4#aje ,9 anci5t ,rome x 0 n unusual = ! admir] ( a philosoph] or a poet to we> 8 portrait engrav$ on a r+-/one4 ,"o ( ! elegies ( ,ovid#ajf 7b4 #dc ,b4,c471 writt5 dur+ 8 bani%m5t f ,rome1 by ord] ( ,augu/us1 alludes feel+ly to ?is cu/om4 ,! poem is address$ to a fai?ful fri5d1 :o we>s ! poet's portrait 9 8 r+1 & ,ovid says3 8,9 ca/+ y\r eye ^u ?is1 p]haps y sometimes say1 #8h[ f> away is poor ,ovid n[6'0 ,he di$ 9 exile 9 #ah ,a4,d4 ,s huge 7 ! proportions ( ! ,roman emp]or ,maxim9us 7d4 #bch ,a4,d471 :o rose f ! ranks to ! imp]ial dignity1 t he is said to h us$ 8 wife's bracelet = a ?umb-r+4#ajg ,! great size ( "s ( ! ,roman r+s to be se5 9 collections indicates t !y c\ld only h be5 worn on ! ?umb4 ,"o ( ! f+]s ( a bronze /atue 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 a ,roman "w ( ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury1 ,a4,d41 has a r+ on its second jo9t4 ,we are =tunate en\gh to be able to reproduce "h a full-size draw+ ( ?is1 c\rte\sly made = ! pres5t book by ,sir ,*>les ,h]cules ,read1 ,curator ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,briti% & ,m$ival ,antiquities & ,e?nography 9 ! ,museum4 ,9 a lett] to ,m4 ,delo*e1 ! ,g]man ar*ologi/ ,l9d5s*mit /ates t 9 only "o in/ance 0 he able to asc]ta9 def9itely on :i* f+] ! r+s ( ! e>ly m$ival p]iod 7 worn4 ,?is conc]n$ a female skeleton1 exceptionally well pres]v$1 ow+ to favorable conditions ( sepulture2 on ! f\r? f+] ( ! "r h& !re 0 a bronze r+4 ,?is sepul*re 0 f\nd at ,ob]morl51 9 ,hess5-,d>m/adt4 ,rese>*es 9 ,france h furni%$ confirmation ( ?is4 ,9 ! ,m]ov+ian cemet]y ( ,yeulle 7dept4 ,pas-de-,calais7 a woman's r+ 0 f\nd on ! "r h& ( ! skeleton1 z 0 also ! case ) two r+s 9 ! ,visigo?ic & ,m]ov+ian cemet]y at ,h]pes 7dept4 ,*>5te71 & ?is prov$ to be ! case ) almo/ all ! e>ly m$ieval r+s f\nd 9 ?is region4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,m4 ,alb]t ,bquet1 ,curator ( ! ,ar*ological ,museum ( ,namur1 & ! ,fr5* ar*ologi/1 ,m4 ,l4 ,pilloy1 report ! discov]y ( r+s plac$ ^u ! left h&4 ,z a possible explanation ( ^! contradictory results1 ! op9ion has be5 advanc$ t ! r+s on ! "r h& 7 w$d+ r+s1 & ^? on ! left1 r+s worn = ornam5t1 z !re is good evid5ce t at an e>ly p]iod among ! ,gauls ! betro?al r+ 0 put on ! "r h&1 n on ! left4#ajh ,! portrait by ,coello ( ,m>ia ( ,au/ria1 daught] ( ,*>les ,v ( ,g]many1 %[s on ! f\r? f+] ( ! left h& a r+ set ) a l>ge table-cut /one1 :i* may be a ruby1 or else a r d>k-hu$ sp9el4 ,! "r h& is glov$1 ! p>ts ( ! glove cov]+ ! index & f\r? f+]s hav+ slits s z to give space = ! r+s on ^? f+]s4 ,!re is an elaborate girdle ( table-cut /ones1 a ri*ly work$ cross ) ?ree p5d5t pe>-%ap$ pe>ls is susp5d$ f a gauze sc>f ab\t ! neck1 spl5did pe>l e>r+s hang f ! e>s1 & ! coiffure is surm\nt$ by a head ornam5t set ) preci\s /ones & pe>ls4 ,9 a ?ree-qu>t] l5g? portrait ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 pa9t$ by ,hans ,holbe9 9 #aedj1 :5 ! k+ 0 9 8 =ty-six? ye>1 he is repres5t$ we>+ ?ree r+s on 8 h&s1 two ( ^!1 set ) squ>e-cut /ones1 are on ! index f+]s ( ! "r & left h&1 respectively4 ,! ?ird & small] r+1 also set ) a squ>e-cut /one1 is on ! little f+] ( ! k+'s left h&4 ,!re is an int5tional h>mony 9 ! jewell+1 = /ones ( ! same =m1 alt]nat+ ) pe>ls1 adorn ! coll> susp5d$ f ,h5ry's neck & s]ve also z decoration = ! sleeve-gu>ds4 ,?is portrait is 9 ! ,reale ,gall]ia d',arte ,antica1 ,rome4 ,pr9cess ,m>y1 daught] ( ,h5ry ,,viii & ,ca!r9e ( ,aragon1 & aft]w>ds ,que5 ( ,engl& 7#aeec-aeeh71 is portray$ 9 a pa9t+ 9 ! ,univ]sity ,gall]ies1 ,ox=d1 by an unkn[n arti/1 z we>+1 9 addition to _m f9e pe>ls bo? r\nd & pe>-%ap$1 ?ree r+s1 "o on ! index1 ano!r on ! middle f+]1 & ! ?ird on ! f\r? f+] ( ! left h&4 ,t on ! middle f+] is set ) a pe>l1 & ! r+-adornm5t ( ?is f+] is q wor?y ( note because ( ! comp>ative r>ity ( ?is sett+4 ,a l>ge pe>-%ap$ pe>l1 figur$ on a portrait ( 8,bloody ,m>y10 0 giv5 to h] by ,philip ( ,spa91 :o aft]w>d took x back to ,spa9 ) him4 ,x lat] came into ! possession ( ,j]ome ,bonap>te1 :o gave x to ,que5 ,hort5se4 ,%e gave x to ! "y pr9ce1 :o lat] became ,napoleon ,,iii1 & he1 9 turn1 dispos$ ( x to ! ,duke ( ,ab]corn1 9 ^: possession x n[ rema9s4 ,allison ,v4 ,arm\r1 ,esq41 to :om x 0 %[n 9 ,irel& by ! ,duke1 at ! "t ( an expect$ visit f ,k+ ,edw>d1 told ! au?or x 0 v int]e/+ to note t x _h app>5tly pres]v$ all its orig9al lu/re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady1 ,,by ,,anton ,,van ,,dyke 7#aeii-afda7 ,! ?umb r+ on ! "r h&1 & ! r+ on ! index ( ! left h&1 are bo? set ) squ>e-cut /ones1 ! la/-nam$ probably a ruby ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york4 ,m>qu& ,gift1 #ahhh ,illu/ration3 ,,pr9cess ,,hatzfeld1 ,,by ,,antonio ,,pes>o 7#afhd-ageg7 ,l>ge pe>l clu/] on little f+] ( "r h& ,ca?ol9a ,lamb]t ,collection sold at ,am]ican ,art ,gall]ies1 ,new ,york1 ,febru>y1 #aiaf ,! adornm5t ) a r+ ( ! second phalanx ( ! "r-h& middle f+]1 appe>s 9 ! f9e portrait1 said to be t ( ,m>y ,/u>t1 9 ! ,prado ,gall]y1 ,madrid2 ! little f+] ( ! same h& %[s a /one-set r+1 worn z usual4 ,ov] ! elaborately embroid]$ bodice hangs a neck-ornam5t1 at ! diff]5t sections ( :i* are gr\ps ( ?ree pe>ls1 & !re are pe>l e>r+s 9 ! e>s1 z well z gr\ps ( pe>ls 9 ! head-ornam5t4 ,! portrait is li/$ z a production ( ! ,fr5* ,s*ool1 b is ( d\btful au!nticity z a lik5ess ( ! unhappy que54 ,! ,italian fa%ion ( r+-we>+ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury is illu/rat$ by ! portrait ( a noblewoman by ,lor5zo ,lotto1 9 ! ,gall]ia ,c>r>a at ,b]gamo1 ,italy4 ,on ! "r h& are two r+s1 on ! f\r? & little f+] respectively2 ! left h& be>s ?ree1 "o on ! index1 app>5tly set ) an engrav$ gem1 & two on ! f\r? f+]1 ! l>g] ( :i* seems to h z sett+ a po9t$ diamond1 :ile ! small] "o1 possibly be>+ a little facett$ diamond1 is on ! second phalanx ( ! f+]1 a fa%ion sometimes foll[$ in/ead ( we>+ ! two r+s toge!r1 "o directly ov] ! o!r1 on ! ?ird phalanx4 ,a f9e example ( a pe>l-clu/] r+ is to be se5 9 ! portrait ( ,pr9cess ,hatzfeldt by ! arti/ ,antonio ,pes>o 7#afhd-ageg74 ,! r+1 worn on ! little f+]1 has a l>ge c5tre-pe>l surr\nd$ by five small] ones1 ! :ole con/itut+ a r inconv5i5tly l>ge jewel1 al?\gh unque/ionably a v beautiful "o4 ,x appe>s to be ! only r+ worn by ! fair pr9cess :5 pos+ = h] portrait4 ,f+] r+s 7 sometimes worn susp5d$ f ! neck1 usually /rung on a *a94 ,?is cu/om is te/ifi$ to by sev]al old portraits1 among !m by "o ( ! ,elector ,john ,con/ans ( ,saxony1 9 ! ,collection ( ,pr9ce ,george ( ,saxony1 ,dresd51 & also 9 sev]al ( ,lucas ,crana*'s portraits4 ,9 "o ( ! latt]1 depict+ an eld]ly & h>d-featur$ ,dut* lady1 eight r+s are to be se5 /rung on a *a9 or b& bel[ ! coll>4 ,z ! sitt]'s h&s are adorn$ ) five r+s1 h] object may r h be5 to display all h] *oice/ r+s1 ?an to we> !m z amulets1 al?\gh ?is sup]/iti\s use is g5]ally believ$ to be ! true explanation ( we>+ f+]-r+s susp5d$ f ! neck4 ,sometimes a s+le r+ 0 hung f ! neck on a long /r+1 & r+s 7 occasionally worn atta*$ to a hat or cap1 z %[n 9 ! portrait ( ,b]nh>d ,,iv1 ,m>grave ( ,bad5 7#adgd-aecf71 by ,hans ,baldung ,gri51 9 ! ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*4#aji ,! pa9t+ ( h&s adorn$ ) "o or m r+s1 0 n favor$ by sev]al ( ! portraiti/s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,few if any r+s1 = example1 c be f\nd on ! delicately %ap$ h&s ( any ( ,sir ,pet] ,lyly's beauties1 h&s und\bt$ly lack+ 9 individuality & con=m+ to a preconceiv$ type4 ,v&yke's usage 9 ?is respect v>i$1 probably1 ) ! ta/e ( ! respective sitt]s1 al?\gh ! frequ5t abs5ce ( r+s might lead to ! inf]5ce t he did n favor !m 9 portraits4 ,! great ma/]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury c]ta9ly gave no evid5ce ( any su* prejudice1 _! realism & _! fondness = ri* ornam5t & color caus+ !m to adorn ! h&s ( _! subjects1 bo? m5 & wom51 ) valuable & f9ely wr\ght r+s4 ,) eighte5? c5tury pa9t]s1 ! t5d5cy to disc>d r+s 0 v pron\nc$1 z indicat$ by _! sp>+ appe>ance 9 portraits ( ?is p]iod4 ,x may be int]e/+ to note ! di/ribution ( ! r+s 9 sev5te5 portraits ( ! ,blakeslee ,collection1 dispos$ ( 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ,m>*1 #aiaf1 & repres5t+ a k9d ( av]age = ! p]iod f ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury3 ,"r ,h& ,left ,h& ,index f+]1 #g ,index f+]1 #d ,middle f+]1 #a ,middle f+]1 #j ,f\r? f+]1 #g ,f\r? f+]1 #g ,little f+]1 #a ,little f+]1 #f ,?us ! index & f\r? f+]s ( ! "r h& & ! f\r? & little f+]s ( ! left h& are almo/ equally favor$4 ,an oil-portrait ( ! ,mahrn ( ,sikkim1 pa9t$ 9 #aijh by ,damod> ,dutt1 a ,b5gali arti/1 %[s ?is que5 deck$ out ) all h] favorite jewel adornm5ts2 among !m are two gold r+s1 "o set ) a turquoise & ! o!r ) a coral1 on ! middle & f\r? f+]s ( ! left h& 7see ,frontispiece74 ,! "r h& is conceal$ 9 a fold ( h] mantle1 b _h !re be5 any r+s on x1 x w\ld probably h be5 display$1 to judge f ! v>iety ( ! ornam5ts %e 0 pleas$ to we> at ! sitt+s4 ,%e is a full-blood$ ,tibetan pr9cess1 0 born 9 #ahfd1 & became ! second wife ( ! ,k+ ( ,sikkim 9 #ahhb1 s t %e 0 =ty-f\r ye>s old :5 ! portrait 0 pa9t$4 ,at ?is "t %e & h] husb& _h be5 held 9 captivity by ! ,briti% s9ce #ahic4 ,! s+ul> cr[n is ! "o adopt$ by ! que5s ( ,sikkim4 ,x is compos$ ( broad b&eaux ( pe>l1 turquoise & coral2 ! gold e>r+s are inlaid ) turquoise 9 conc5tric r+s2 ! necklace has l>ge amb] balls1 & susp5d$ f x is a gau or *>m-box1 set ) rubies1 lapis lazuli & turquoise2 on ! wri/ is a triple bracelet ( corals4#aaj ,9 ! op9ion ( ,j4 ,ald5 ,wi]1 ,presid5t ( ! ,academy ( ,design1 ,new ,york ,city1 r+s c sc>cely be reg>d$ z 9 any s5se important accessories ( a good portrait1 z ?is does n dep5d ^u ! elaboration ( su* detail4 ,) ,popes & ,doges1 & ) "s ( ! high] ecclesia/ics1 h[ev]1 r+s are significant z insignia ( (fice1 & are !re=e depict$ z m>ks ( individuality4#aaa ,a fifte5? c5tury example ( a ?umb r+ 0 f\nd 9 ,engl& at ,saxon's ,lode1 a little s\? ( ,upton4 ,! mat]ial 0 ( silv]1 ei!r consid]ably alloy$1 or else plat$ ) a bas] metal4 ,9 sev5te5? c5tury times 9 ,engl& ! we>+ ( su* r+s 0 favor$ by _m ( ! ri*]1 or m prom95t citiz5s1 s t !y s]v$ to diff]5tiate ! we>] f ^? less well-to-d1 al?\gh he might n h ! "r to a cre/ or coat-(-arms4 ,a "* 9 "o ( ! ,"l ,mayor's %[s giv5 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii 7#affd71 is describ$ z 8habit$ l a grave citiz51--gold girdle & gloves hung !reon1 r+s on 8 f+]s1 & a seal r+ on 8 ?umb10 l ,fal/aff's ald]man4#aab ,illu/ration3 ,two wire r+s f a tumulus ne> ,cant]bury1 ,k5t1 ,engl&1 "o ) a bezel effect ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,two ,anglo-,saxon r+s f\nd ne> ,pre/on1 ,lanca%ire1 ,engl&1 9 #ahdj ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,silv] ?umb r+ f\nd at ,saxon's ,lode1 ,engl&4 8,fifte5? ,c5tury ,ar*ologia10 vol4 iii1 p4 #bfh ,illu/ration3 ,silv]-gilt r+1 ) broad1 flat hoop1 & rectangul> bezel set ) a c>buncle ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,r+ ( mix$ metal set ) engrav$ /one %[+ a monkey look+ into a mirror ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 ?umb-r+2 two cockatrices engrav$ 9 relief on agate4 #b1 r+ set ) ,gno/ic gem ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,two gold r+s4 #a1 ) high circul> bezel2 ,franki% 7872 ,six? or ,sev5? ,c5tury2 #b1 ) pyramidal bezel2 ,lomb>dic 7872 ,sev5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,agate r+ ) a ,runic inscription4 ,late ,saxon ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,massive gold r+ ) two bezels1 "o engrav$ ) circul> design ( int]lac+ curves1 ! o!r ) ?ree int]lac$ triangles4 ,late ,saxon ,briti% ,museum ,ev5 native ,african pot5tates c\ld boa/ ( f9e jewell$ r+s 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,:5 an embassy ( ,holl&]s came to visit ! *ri/ianiz$ ,k+ ( ! ,congo 9 #afdb1 & 7 u%]$ into 8 pres5ce1 !y f\nd him ve/$ 9 a coat & draw]s ( gold-clo?1 & adorn$ ) ?ree heavy gold *a9s4 ,on 8 "r ?umb 0 8a v l>ge ,granate or ,ruby ,r+1 & on 8 left h& two great ,em]alds40#aac ,! r$ /one 0 almo/ c]ta9ly a l>ge cabo*on-cut g>net1 & x is v d\btful t ! gre5 /ones 7 g5u9e em]alds4 ,"u ! /rict discipl9e ( ! ,ca?olic rul]s ( ,pol& ! we>+ ( r+s 0 = a long "t =bidd5 to ! ,jews4 ,?is re/riction 0 remov$ 9 ! reign ( ,sigismund ,augu/us 7#aejf-aedh71 b ! p]missive decree requir$ t a ,jewi% r+ mu/ be> ! di/+ui%+ inscription 8,sabbation10 or 8,j]usalem40 ,! ,jews !mselves sometimes enact$ rigid sumptu>y laws z to r+s1 = in/ance 9 ,bologna1 :]e a convocation ( rabbis decid$ t m5 %\ld be conf9$ to "o r+1 :ile wom5 7 n to be all[$ to we> m ?an ?ree4#aad ,at a lat] p]iod a ,frank=t convocation decre$ t no "y girl %\ld be p]mitt$ to we> a r+4 ,n improbably ! natural fondness ( ! ,hebrew wom5 = ri* jewels1 a fondness already emphasiz$ by ! prophet ,isaiah 7*ap4 iii1 vs4 #af-bf7 9 ! case ( ! ,daught]s ( ,j]usalem 9 ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c41 may h l$ to an excessive use ( f9e r+s4 ,inde$ any /rict sumptu>y regulation always implies ! exi/5ce ( an undue degree ( luxury 9 ! usages t are subject$ to legal re/ra9t4 ,a unique collection ( r+ /ones may be se5 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york4 ,^! are oval1 dom$ /ones1 ab\t "o in* long1 & are all cut s z to fit a s+le sett+4 ,!y 7 ga!r$ toge!r by an old g5tleman 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 s t )\t *ang+ ! gold r+ to :i* he 0 accu/om$1 he c\ld v>y ! color ( ! preci\s /ones1 ?us br++ !m into h>mony ) t ( ! wai/coat he 0 we>+4 ,z !re are two hundr$ & =ty ( ^! specially-cut /ones1 ! wai/coats mu/ h repres5t$ ! :ole gamut ( colors & %ades4 ,a few ( ! /ones are capp$ ) a diff]5t gem4 ,?is collection 0 pres5t$ to ! ,museum 9 ,janu>y1 #ahgc1 by ! late ,samuel ,p4 ,av]y1 ,esq4 ,!re is also 9 ! ,museum a rem>kable collection ( r+s begun 9 ! eighte5? c5tury by a ,vi5nese imp]ial & royal jewell] nam$ ,trk1 & cont9u$ by 8 gr&son up to #ahfj4 ,x 0 lat] acquir$ by ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan1 ,esq4 ,! sett+s ( ! sev5ty r+s comprise a v>iety ( color$ diamonds1 z well z em]alds1 sapphires1 & a numb] ( uncommon /ones4 ,,ii ,,=ms ,,( ,,r+s ,,& ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,:i* ,,!y ,,are ,,made ,among anci5t gold r+s1 "o ( ,egyptian workman%ip is especially notewor?y = its size & weight z well z = its design4 ,x is in* 9 its l>ge/ diamet]1 & be>s an oblong pl9?1 :i* turns on a pivot2 x measures #f_/aj in* at its greate/1 & #d_/aj in* at its lea/ bread?4 ,on "o ( ! f\r faces is ! "n ( ! successor ( ,am5hotep ,,iii1 ,am5hotep ,,iv 7,akh5at571 :o liv$ ab\t #adjj ,b4,c42 on ano!r is figur$ a lion1 ) ! inscription 8"l ( /r5g?02 ! two rema9+ sides %[ a scorpion & a crocodile respectively4 ,! weight ( ?is massive r+ is /at$ to be ab\t five ounces & its intr9sic gold value ne>ly a hundr$ doll>s4#aae ,"s rem>kably f9e f+]-r+s 7 among ! ornam5ts f\nd by ,f]l9i1 an ,italian physician1 :5 he une>!d ! treasure ( "o ( ! que5s ( ,m]o4 ,^! r+s are n[ 9 ! ,b]l9 ,royal ,museum4 ,"s ( !m are pla9 hoops to :i* movable plates are atta*$2 o!rs are signet r+s4 ,9 a few specim5s ( ! fir/-nam$ class ! plate is s l>ge z to ext5d ov] ?ree f+]s1 ! inconv5i5ce to :i* ?is c\ld give rise be+ p>tly obviat$ by jo9ts 9 ! plate1 s t ! f+]s might be mov$ ) great] facility4 ,we h>dly ?9k t a design ( ?is type is ev] likely to become popul> 9 our times4 ,sc>abs /rung on wire s z to be worn on ! f+] 7 f\nd at ,dah%ur by ,de ,morgan4 ,^! belong$ to ! ,twelf? ,dyna/y1 to ! "t f ,us]tas5 ,,iii to ,am5emhat ,,iii 7ab4 #bffj-begh ,b4,c474 ,/rong] wire 0 us$ at a lat] "t1 ! ends be+ ?ru/ into p]=ations on ! sides ( ! sc>abs4 ,9 all ^! cases ! sc>ab & ! circlet1 m or less well =m$1 7 sep>ate p>ts loosely put toge!r4 ,x 0 n until ! ,gold5 ,age ( ! anci5t ,egyptian civilization t complete metal r+s 7 made1 9 :i* bo? circlet & *aton =m$ "o piece4 ,r+s ( ! ,egyptian type1 al?\gh /rongly modifi$ by ,ionic or ,phnician art1 7 introduc$ into ,etruria at a v e>ly p]iod1 & probably !nce into ,latium4#aaf ,at an ev5 e>li] date1 at lea/ #abjj ,b4,c41 sc>ab r+s 7 worn 9 ,cyprus1 sev]al examples hav+ be5 f\nd 9 sepul*res !re1 ! sc>ab be+ made ( porcela9 /rung on a gold-wire hoop4 ,! anci5t r+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum (f] examples ( ne>ly all ! diff]5t types favor$ 9 e>ly times4#aag ,"s1 f ! ,myc5an p]iod1 exhibit a long %ield-%ap$ bezel1 convex above & concave b5ea?1 across ! direction ( ! hoop2 o!rs h a flat b& decorat$ ) plait$ or twi/$ wire on :i* is set a bezel hold+ a pa/e4 ,phnician r+s ( ! p]iod f #gjj to #ejj ,b4,c4 pres5t a v>iety ( =ms1 "s be+ swivel r+s1 ! extremities ( ! r\nd$ hoops pass+ into beads1 9 :i* are ins]t$ ! pivots ( a sc>ab-sett+2 ano!r type has elliptical hoops1 ei!r pla9 or ornam5tal1 ! sc>ab be+ 9 a filigree-decorat$ bezel2 9 /ill ano!r1 ! l[] "p ( ! hoop is twi/$ into a loop1 s t ! r+ c be worn susp5d$2 !re are also "s pla91 flat or r\nd$ hoops1 sometimes ) ! ends ov]lapp+4 ,! ,greek & ,hell5i/ic p]iods1 f ! six? to ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 furni% a l>ge v>iety ( =ms1 "s copi$ or adapt$ f e>li] ones & !n indep5d5tly develop$4 ,a r\nd$ hoop tap]+ upw>d1 ) ornam5tal extremities1 occasionally appe>s 9 f9e examples1 ! ends ( ! hoop repres5t+ ! lions' masks2 ! bezels are frequ5tly ( oval %ape1 & ! %\ld]s ( ! hoop are (t5 ne>ly /raight2 9 ano!r type :ile ! outside ( ! hoop is r\nd$1 ! inside is facett$2 sometimes !re is a high convex bezel1 bevell$ und]nea?4 ,!re are /ill a few swivel r+s ) sc>aboids4 ,9 ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod appe> massive gold r+s ) squ>e-cut %\ld]s & rais$ oval sett+s1 9 :i* a convex /one is plac$4 ,/ill ano!r type is an exp&+ hoop =m$ ( two ov]lapp+ ribbons & ) a convex bezel4 ,etruscan r+s assume v>i\s *>act]i/ic & peculi> =ms1 _m ( :i* are f\nd among ! ,roman r+s ( a lat] p]iod1 indicat+ ! d]ivation f ! ,etruscans ( r+-we>+ among ! ,romans4 ,"o ( ^! 9 ! ,briti% ,museum has a broad hoop end+ 9 convex %ields1 a sc>ab be+ pivot$ 9 ! t]m9als2 9 o!rs1 ! hoop is holl[1 t]m9at+ 9 cyl9drical ornam5ts1 betwe5 ^! a sc>ab revolves on a wire swivel4 ,a peculi> example has a groov$ hoop1 ! ends be+ convex disks1 9 :i* is pivot$ a sc>ab4 ,"o ( ^! ,etruscan r+s has a v l>ge convex oval bezel1 ar\nd ! slope ( :i* run a s]ies ( emboss$ figures4 ,z an example ( ,roman art f\nd 9 ,egypt1 we h a spiral r+ ( s]p5t =m1 ei!r extremity t]m9at+ 9 a bu/1 ( ,isis & ,s]apis respectively4 ,! conjecture has be5 made t ?is r+1 & o!rs ( ! type1 may h be5 int5d$ to figure ! reign+ emp]or & empress ( ,rome "u ! types ( ,isis & ( ,s]apis1 ! latt] a ,grco-,egyptian div9ity z wor%ipp$ 9 ,alex&ria & 9 ! ,roman _w1 ?\gh hav+ a di/9ctly ,egyptian =m 9 ! national pan!on z ,as>-,hapi1 or ,osiris-,apis4 ,! r+s ( ! type describ$ h ! advantage ( be+ easily adapt$ to a f+] ( any size1 s9ce pressure at bo? extremities w\ld enl>ge ! gir? ( ! s+le spiral4#aah ,9 8 ,etymologi1 ,isidore ( ,seville def9es ?ree ( ! types ( r+s worn 9 anci5t times1 ! ungulus1 ! ,samo?racius & ! ?ynnius4#aai ,! ungulus 0 set ) a gem & ow$ its designation to ! fancy t ! /one 0 z closely atta*$ to ! gold ( ! r+ z a human nail 7ungulus7 0 to ! fle% ( ! f+]4 ,! ,samo?racian r+ 0 ( gold1 b _h an iron sett+4 ,lucretius 9 ! six? book ( 8 great philosophic & sci5tific poem1 8,de ,natura ,r]um10 9 speak+ ( ! magnet to :i* he attributes negative & positive p[]s1 ( repulsion & ( attraction1 relates t :51 9 an exp]im5t1 ,samo?racian r+s 7 plac$ 9 a braz5 di% b5ea? :i* a piece ( magnetic iron 0 mov$ to & fro1 he _h se5 ! r+s leap up1 z ?\gh to flee f an enemy4 ,! ?ird type ( r+ 0 ! ?ynnius1 ! "n indicat+1 accord+ to ,isidore1 t x 0 made 9 ,bi?ynia1 call$ at an e>li] "t1 ,?ynna4 ,horace writes1 9 "o ( 8 odes1 ( r+s 8*as$ by a ,?ynnian grav]40 ,( ! key-%ap$ r+s1 sev]al specim5s ( :i* h be5 pres]v$ f ,roman times1 x has be5 sugge/$ t ! key projection 0 int5d$ to s]ve z a gu>d = an exceptionally long f+]-nail1 simil> to ! f+]-gu>ds ! ,*9ese we> = a l purpose4 ,! fact t _m ( ^! key-r+s are evid5tly too l>ge to h be5 worn on ! f+]1 makes x n improbable t ! r+ =m 0 arbitr>ily *os51 & t !y may h be5 c>ri$ susp5d$ f a girdle4 ,"s ( !m1 h[ev]1 might h fitt$ on a v /\t ?umb1 & a few ( ! r+s ( ?is type d n exce$ ! ord9>y f+]-r+ 9 diamet]4#abj ,"o ( ! l>ge & unwieldly ,roman r+s1 or at lea/ a r+ made on ?is model1 be>s a bu/ said to be t ( ,plot9a1 ! wife ( ,trajan4 ,?is 0 9 ! collection ( ,monsignor ,piccolom9i4 ,! extraord9>ily elaborate coiffure %[s ?ree r[s ( facett$ gems1 & ?is alone may be consid]$ to te/ify aga9/ ! antiquity ( ! r+4 ,/ill1 ev5 z a production ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod1 ! fact t x at lea/ figures an anci5t =m makes x an object ( int]e/ & ( a c]ta9 ar*ological value4#aba ,x 0 9 ! late ,republican1 & especially 9 ! ,imp]ial age 9 ,rome1 t ! greate/ v>iety ( r+ =ms 7 produc$1 orig9ally influ5c$ by ! e>li] ,etruscan art1 & lat] l>gely by ! extraord9>y eclectic art ( ,alex&ria1 :]e ! comb9ation ( ,egyptian1 ,ori5tal & ,greek elem5ts br\ght =? _m peculi> =ms1 "s ( :i* are not$ else:]e4 ,a ,romano-,egyptian r+ has a flat hoop1 sub-angul> on ! outside1 ! l>ge circul> bezel be+ engrav$ ) ?ree figures ( div9ities4 ,!n !re are ! composite r+s1 sometimes hav+ z _m z f\r hoops1 jo9$ toge!r at ! back ( ! bezel4 ,a /rik+ type is ! p5annul> r+ 9 ! =m ( a coil$ s]p5t1 or else hav+ at ea* extremity ! head ( a s]p5t4 ,9 ano!r =m ! bezel is loz5ge-%ap$4 ,!re are also massive r+s ) an elliptical hoop & ?ick project+ %\ld]s1 ! sett+ be+ depress$2 sometimes ! %\ld]s slope %>ply up to ! bezel1 =m+ a decid$ angle on ! hoop4 ,hoops polygonal on ! outside & circul> )9 also occur4 ,"s tw9 r+s 7 made adapt$ to fit on two f+]s ( ! h&2 9 "o ( ^! are ?ree cup sett+s hold+ g>nets1 "o on ! top ( ea* hoop & "o betwe5 ! hoops4 ,9 "s in/ances ! hoops ( ^! tw9 r+s 7 n closely jo9$ to ea* o!r1 b connect$ by a %ort gold *a91 s t ! r+s c\ld ei!r be worn on a s+le f+]1 or on two f+]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ ) pla9 hoop on :i* is freely loop$ a little m\se wr\ght 9 gold & :ite enamel4 ,x slips ar\nd ! hoop4 ,ab\t #afjj ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ ( ,v5etian workman%ip4 ,! ends ( ! hoop =m mon/]s' heads1 support+ a bezel =m$ l ! petal ( a fl[]4 ,,xiv ,c5t4 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,h& ,,( ,a ,,jewel]1 ,,hold+ ,a ,,bacula ,,) ,,five ,,r+s ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ set ) an ame?y/4 ,f\nd at ,lors*1 ,gr& ,du*y ( ,hesse-,d>m/adt1 & h5ce call$ ! 8,lors*] ,r+40 ,g]man2 end ( ,t5? or beg9n+ ( ,elev5? ,c5tury4 ,gros%]zogli*-,hessis*es ,museum1 ,d>m/adt ,illu/ration3 ,silv] r+ hav+ project+ bezel 9 =m ( a spur ) revolv+ r[el4 ,italian 7871 ,f\rte5? or ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 8,reg>d r+10 ) sev5 hoops4 ,! initials ( ! six /ones spell ! ^w 8reg>d0 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,r+s ( mod]n ,egyptian type4 #a1 woman's r+2 hoop ( twi/$ gold2 #b1 man's r+ made by silv]smi? ( ,mecca1 ) /one sett+2 #c1 ca/ silv] r+2 /one sett+2 ) gu>ds ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,pipe /opp] r+4 ,a silv] r+ on :i* are set ?ree ,indian1 rose-cut zircons4 ,?is r+ 0 plac$ on ! f+] & ! tobacco 9 ! b[l ( ! pipe 0 press$ d[n ) x4 ,fr5*2 ab\t #agej4 ,a simil> r+ 0 figur$ by ,hog>? 9 "o ( 8 illu/rations ,field ,museum1 ,*icago ,_m ( ! hoops ( ! lat] ,roman r+s 7 elaborately decorat$1 ei!r 9 op5work1 ) spirals 9 wire1 or ) beads on ! %\ld]s2 ?is latt] type is1 h[ev]1 m probably ( ,m]ov+ian times4 ,a ,roman polygonal hoop1 ) a high-set bezel1 has on ! side ( ?is loops = c>ry+ a /r+ ( pe>ls susp5d$ f ! r+4 ,9 "o ( ! r+s specially design$ = insett+ ) engrav$ gems1 ! hoop1 r\nd$ on ! out] side1 has %\ld]s end+ 9 curl+ leaves4 ,a curi\s specim5 is a pla9 hoop broad5+ 9 an oval bezel2 9 ?is has be5 ins]t$ an intaglio head 9 s>d1 ! %ape ( ! /one foll[+ ! exact outl9e ( ! head1 )\t any m>g94 ,a ,burgundian r+ ( a =m t ,m4 ,delo*e believes to be unique1 has an op5 hoop4 ,at "o extremity is a nail-%ap$ atta*m5t :i* c be pass$ ?r\gh ! o!r extremity1 ?us clos+ ! r+4 ,a bronze r+1 also ,burgundian1 ( a r>e or unique type has at ! bezel a high1 oblong projection4 ,bo? ^! r+s are ( ! ,m]ov+ian p]iod :i* clos$ 9 #geb ,a4,d4#abb ,9 no p]iod 7 a great] numb] ( r+ =ms produc$ ?an 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! major "p ( ^! m$ival r+s 7 made z insignia ( (fice or rank1 = seal+ (ficial docum5ts1 or = c]emonial use4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ is t kn[n z ! ,lors*] ,r+4#abc ,x is consid]$ to belong to ! end ( ! t5?1 or ! beg9n+ ( ! elev5? c5tury1 & to be a product ( ,g]man workman%ip "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,byzant9e art ( ! ,m]ov+ian p]iod4 ,! arti/ic & f9ely execut$ design ( ! bezel is especially wor?y ( admiration4 ,! /one set !re9 is a light-color$ ame?y/ cut en cabo*on & )\t foil4 ,?is r+ is n[ 9 ! ,gros%]zogli*-,hessis*es ,museum 9 ,d>m/adt4 ,! ,besbor\gh ,collection ( ,gems1 %[n 9 ,june1 #ahfa1 by ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute ( ,london1 0 int]e/+ = ! high arti/ic excell5ce ( ! r+s 9 :i* _m ( ! gems 7 set4 ,a numb] ( !m rank among ! f9e/ examples ( ,r5aissance "w 9 ?is direction4 ,"o1 set ) a s>d 9 :i* a head ( ,lucilla has be5 engrav$1 %[s1 c>v$ 9 flat relief on ! gold hoop1 two nude figures be>+ 9 _! h&s tor*es1 ! design cont9u+ completely ar\nd ! hoop2 ab\t ! figures are doves & fl[]s4 ,?is beautiful specim5 ( goldsmi?s' "w belongs to ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! pose ( ! small figures has be5 wond]fully adapt$ to ! curve ( ! r+4#abd ,to a special class has be5 giv5 ! "n 8iconographic r+s10 ?is designates ^? be>+1 ei!r on ! bezel or ! sides1 images ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild or ( ! sa9ts4 ,^! r+s1 :i* date f a p]iod runn+ f #acij to ab\t #aebj1 are peculi> to ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,! mat]ial is ei!r gold or silv]1 ^? ( ! latt] metal %[+ mu* rud] workman%ip ?an 0 devot$ to ! gold r+s4#abe ,:at mu/ h be5 reg>d$ 9 its "t z an exceptionally ornate r+ is li/$ 9 an inv5tory ( #adaf4 ,x is describ$ z a gold r+ hav+ a helmet & a %ield made ( a sapphire1 ! %ield be>+ ! arms ( 8,monseigneur40 ,z supports ( ! %ield 7 an em]ald be> & a swan made ( a :ite *alc$ony4#abf ,an ornate ?\gh ta/eless type ( ,italian r+s 7 ^? call$ 8gi>d9etti10 %[+ fl[] baskets1 j>d9ires1 or nosegays1 ! fl[]s be+ figur$ by preci\s /ones & pe>ls1 ) /ems & leaves ( gold4 ,z ! aim 0 purely decorative1 ! /ones & pe>ls 7 usually small & inexp5sive ones4 ,v few su* r+s h be5 made 9 rec5t times1 b f ! sixte5? to ! eighte5? c5tury !y 7 mu* favor$ & a numb] ( f9e specim5s h be5 pres]v$ f t p]iod4#abg ,a r+-sett+ consi/+ ( a turquoise surr\nd$ by small diamonds appe>s to h be5 favor$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 = ,samuel ,pepys 9 8 8,di>y10 "u date ( ,febru>y #ah1 #affh1 writes t he _h be5 %[n a 8r+ ( a ,turkey-/one1 set ) little sp>ks ( diamonds40 ,a 8,tr9ity ,r+10 t is a r+ consi/+ ( ?ree int]tw9$ circlets1 0 %[n 9 ,febru>y1 #aheg1 to ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies 9 ,london by ,mr4 ,octavius ,morgan4 ,?is specim51 c>v$1 or turn$ out ( a circul> b& ( ivory1 0 believ$ to be "o ( ?ree execut$ by ! ,g]man ivory c>v]1 ,/ephan ,zick 7#afci-agae71 :o is said to h be5 ! fir/ to make a r+ ( ?is type out ( ivory1 al?\gh !y may h be5 made ( gold--no exceptionally difficult task--be=e ,zick execut$ 8 ivory r+s4#abh ,?is r+1 or "o simil> to x1 is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,franks ,beque/4 ,:ile ! r+s ( ! ,l\is ,qu9ze p]iod 7 g5]ally ( delicate & beautiful =m1 ! t5d5cy to exagg]ation 9 fa%ions t *>act]iz$ ! succe$+ ,l\is ,seize p]iod f\nd expression 9 r+s ( disproportionate size4 ,at ! same "t bo? ! numb] ( r+s 9 a f9e lady's jewel casket1 & ! numb] %e w\ld we> at ! same "t ^u h] h&1 greatly increas$ ov] :at 0 cu/om>y 9 ! prec$+ reign4 ,?us ,ba*aum5t1 9 8 8,mmoires ,secrets10 /ates t at ! sale ( ,mlle4 de ,beauvois9's jewels1 :i* took place ,novemb] #bb1 #aghd1 !re 7 #bjj r+s rivall+ "o ano!r 9 magnific5ce4 ,ano!r ,fr5* au?or ( ?is "t1 ,m4 ,m]ci]1 wrote 9 #aghb 8:5 "o takes ! h& ( a pretty woman1 "o only has ! s5sation ( hold+ a quantity ( r+s & angul> /ones1 & x w\ld be necess>y fir/ to /rip ^! (f ! h& be=e we c\ld p]ceive its =m & delicacy40 ,! en?usiasm ( ! e>ly days ( ! ,revolution br\ght into vogue r+s set ) a little fragm5t ( ! /one-"w ( ! rec5tly demoli%$ ,ba/ille2 at ! same "t w$d+-r+s 7 enamell$ 9 r$1 :ite & blue1 ! new ,republican colors4 ,at ! outset ! "y royali/s1 z a prote/1 wore r+s ( tortoise-%ell1 ) ! motto1 ,dom9e salvum fac regem1 8,god save ! ,k+40 ,a type ( r+ t became popul> dur+ ! d>ke/ days ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ! p]iod ( ! dreadful ,reign ( ,t]ror1 0 t ( a l>ge silv] hoop ) a pla9 gold bezel on :i* 0 grav5 ! head ( "s "o ( ! lead+ spirits ( ! "t1 su* z ,m>at1 ,de ,*ali]1 or ,de ,lepelleti] ,/4-,f>geau4 ,!re are sev]al significant ,fr5* prov]bs reg>d+ r+s1 ( :i* we may "h note ! foll[+3 8,ne mets pas ton doigt en anneau trop troit0 7,d n put y\r f+] 9 too small a r+72 8,anneau en ma91 honneur va90 7,a r+ on ! f+] is an empty honor72 8,bague d'amie porte envie0 7,! r+ ( a lady fri5d ar\ses envy74 ,portrait r+s 7 v popul> at ! "t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 z !y af=d$ an opportunity = ! expression ( ! ard5t devotion to p>ticul> p]sonalities *>act]i/ic ( t tr\bl\s p]iod4 ,_m ,wa%+ton r+s & ,robespi]re r+s 7 to be se51 be>+ ! enamell$ portrait ( ! respective h]o1 b ! mo/ popul> 7 ! ,frankl9 r+s1 = ,frankl9's p]sonal influ5ce1 born ( 8 /]l+ qualities ( insight & common s5se1 & p]haps /r5g!n$ by ! contra/ ( 8 cool-head$ness ) ! fev]i% excitem5t ( ! ,p>is ( t "t1 0 wide & f>-rea*+4 ,h9du tradition tells ( ! we>+ ( r+s 9 ,india 9 v anci5t times4 ,! e>lie/ =ms us$ by ! ,brahmans 9 _! =e/ life1 7 wov5 ( kusa-grass 7,sac*>um spontaneum71 & ev5 9 our "t r+s ( ?is k9d are worn by ^? assi/+ at a religi\s c]emony1 z o!rwise ! wat] (f]$ to gods or to ! spirits ( ance/ors w n be accept$4 ,z to metal r+s1 ,h9du law assigns ^? ( gold to ! index f+] & silv] r+s to ! f\r? f+]4 ,a /ory relat$ 9 ! ,h9du epic 8,mahabh>ata0 alludes to a trick or magic practice ) r+s1 d5om9at$ i%ika4 ,a r+ 0 ?r[n into a deep well & !n recov]$ 9 "s my/]i\s way aft] x _h seem$ to be irrevocably lo/4 ,! 8,mahabh>ata0 9 its pres5t =m may date f ab\t #ejj ,a4,d4 ,! o!r great ,h9du epic1 ! ,ramayana ( ,valmiki1 writt5 p]haps z e>ly z #ejj ,b4,c4 ev5 m5tions engrav$ r+s4 ,:5 ,sita1 wife ( ,rama1 ! h]o ( ! poem1 is abduct$ by ,rvana1 ! t5-head$ ,c+halese giant1 ,rama s5ds a monkey call$ ,hanumn to seek = h]1 giv+ him a seal r+ z a tok54 ,z soon z ! monkey succe$s 9 f9d+ ,sita1 he approa*es h] hold+ out ! r+ & say+1 8,graci\s ,lady1 ,i am ! mess5g] ( ,rama4 ,look1 "h is 8 r+ engrav$ ) 8 "n40 ,9 ,sanskrit books ! foll[+ types & k9ds ( r+s are m5tion$3#abi ,dwi-hirak 7d\ble diamond74--,r+s ) a diamond on ei!r side & a sapphire 9 ! c5tre4 ,vajra 7diamond1 ?und]bolt74--,a triangul> f+] ornam5t1 ) a diamond 9 ! c5tre & o!r /ones on ! sides4 ,ravim&al4--,a r+ ) diamonds on ! sides & o!r /ones 9 ! middle4 ,n&yv>rta4--,a f\r-sid$ f+] ornam5t /udd$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,nava-ratna or ,navagraha4--,a r+ on :i* ! n9e mo/ preci\s /ones h be5 set4 ,! n9e preci\s /ones 9 ,sanskrit are call$3 ,hirak1 ,nnikya1 ,baiduryya1 ,mukt1 ,gom$1 ,bidrum or ,prabl1 ,m>akata1 ,pu%pa-rg1 & ,indranil2 or ! ,diamond1 ,ruby1 ,cat's-eye1 ,pe>l1 ,zircon1 ,coral1 ,em]ald1 ,topaz1 & ,sapphire4 ,bajra-be%tak4--,r+ ( :i* ! upp] circumf]5ce is set ) diamonds4 ,trihirak 7triple diamond74--,r+ ) two small diamonds on ! sides & a big "o 9 ! c5tre4 ,sukti-mudrik4--,r+ made l ! hood ( a cobra snake1 ) diamonds & preci\s /ones on ! upp] surface4 ,mudr or ,anguli-mudr4--,r+ ) "n engrav$ ^u x4 ,^! are "s ( ! pr9cipal names = f+] r+s 9 mod]n ,india3 ,angu%tri4--,a r+ set ) /ones1 call$ also ,mundri or ,angu?i4 ,*hall4--,! *hall is a q pla9 hoop or :ole hoop r+ 7) or )\t /ones71 be+ gold or silv]1 b ! same all r\nd4 ,worn also on ! toes4 ,angu%tr or ,angu?4--,a big r+ ) a broad face1 worn on ! great toe4 ,kh>i panjngla4--,a set ( f+] r+s ( ord9>y %ape4 ,%hlami or ,khri4--,a r+ ( long oval %ape4 ,birhamg&4--,a broad r+4 ,9 ,bombay1 ! local designations = f+] r+s are3 ,ang?i1 ,salle1 ,mohore*i ,ang?i & ,khadya*ya ang?ya2 toe-r+s are nam$3 ,ranajodvi1 ,jodvi1 ,phule1 ,g5d1 & ,masolia4#acj ,illu/ration3 ,ori5tal gold r+1 l>ge globul> bezel ) leaves & fl[]s 9 op5work4 ,said to h belong$ to ,*ief ,samory ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,ori5tal r+s4 #a1 ( ca/ silv]2 #b1 ( brass2 #c1 ( silv]2 #d-f1 ,moori% r+s2 #d1 set ) turquoise & rubies2 #e1 ) octagonal blood/one & turquoise2 #f1 signet-r+ be>+ "n ( own] on a c>nelian ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 r+ ) p5d5t g>nets2 #b1 silv] r+4 ,ea/ ,indian4 ,! loose-hung silv] drops j+le z ! h& moves ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,elaborate ,ea/ ,indian r+1 ) figure ( ,buddha4 ,hoop ( peculi> %ape to keep ! r+ f fall+ (f ! f+] ,c\rtesy ( ,miss ,hel5 ,ba9bridge ,illu/ration3 ,r+s made by ,siamese ,bonza1 or ,prie/1 f metal ly+ ab\t among ! idols at ,ong*or1 ,old ,cambodia1 9 #ahga ,c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,walt] ,c4 ,wyman ,r+s1 necklaces1 armlets & ,sirpe* 7or ti>as7 are made at ,biknir1 & exquisitely light & f9e r+s ( gold & silv] are produc$ at ,jhnsi 9 ! ,gwalior t]ritory4 ,an unusual =m ( r+ ornam5tation appe>s 9 a silv] r+ ( ,indian workman%ip1 dat$ 9 ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury4 ,?is has a project+ bezel 9 ! =m ( a spur1 ) a revolv+ swivel4 ,a r+ ( simil> design1 believ$ to be ,v5etian1 n[ 9 ! ,a%molean ,museum1 ,ox=d1 0 br\ght f ,*alis4#aca ,! r+s made by ! ,h9du goldsmi?s are 9 _m cases v elaborately *as$ & ornam5t$1 9 ! ornate /yle *>act]i/ic ( ,indian jewell]y4 ,! wom5 ( ! ,deccan almo/ univ]sally we> r+s2 !y are usually ( gold1 a silv] r+ be+ look$ ^u z %[+ meanness on ! "p ( ! we>]4 ,!re does n appe> to be any pref]5ce ( "o f+] ov] ! o!r = decoration ) r+s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ attractive types is a closely-fitt+ r+ to :i* is affix$ a little mirror1 ab\t ! size ( a silv] qu>t]-doll>2 ?is may be m\nt$ ei!r 9 gold or silv]1 & und\bt$ly ,h9du female vanity f9ds ?is ?umb mirror ( "s practical use4 ,) its ri* ornam5tation a r+ ( ?is k9d is 9 itself a pretty jewel1 b w\ld h>dly suit ,occid5tal ta/e on acc\nt ( its size & ! inconv5i5ce ( we>+ x4 ,a r s+ul> fact is t mirror-r+s are sometimes worn on ! great toe1 :]e !y w\ld seem to be q useless2 b x has be5 sugge/$ t z ! ,h9du wom5 ( ! bett] class commonly h _! feet ne>ly or q b>e :5 9 _! ap>tm5ts1 & h acquir$ ! p[] to move & use _! feet mu* m freely ?an is ! case ) ,occid5tals1 a toe mirror might possibly be ( "s slight utility2 /ill1 x seems probable t !y are purely ornam5tal & came into fa%ion 9 imitation ( ! ?umb-mirrors4 ,_m v>ieties ( toe-r+s are made1 a special type be+ t = we> on ! middle toe4#acb ,a r+ ( an unusual =m is worn on ! great toe ( ! left foot by "s ,h9du m>ri$ wom51 z a di/+ui%+ m>k ( ! m>ri$ /ate4 ,m5 frequ5tly we> a r+ on ! big toe = curative purposes1 or to augm5t _! mascul9e vigor4 ,^! toe-r+s ( ! m5 are n g5]ally clos$ circles1 b op5 hoops1 s t !y c be easily remov$ :5 ?is is desirable4#acc ,illu/ration3 ,,indian ,,toe ,,r+s ,,( ,,silv]1 ,,madras ,,presid5cy #a1 ?ree views ( r+ worn on second & ?ird toes ( ! left foot2 ! conv5tional fi% is an emblem ( ,siva #b1 #c1 #d1 o!r toe r+s ,j\rnal ( ,indian ,art & ,indu/ry1 vol4 v1 #ahid ,illu/ration3 ,,ri* ,,c+halese ,,m]*ant1 ,,9 ,,gala ,,dress ,! imm5se1 r\nd r+ on ! little f+] ( 8 "r h& is a favorite adornm5t 9 ,ceylon2 small] r+s are on ! f\r? f+] ( "r h&1 & on ! little f+] ( left h& ,! art ( ! ,p]sian goldsmi? 9 ! fifte5? c5tury is display$ 9 a r+ belong+ to "o ( ! spl5did collections ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 9 ,new ,york4 ,x is ( massive =m ) an imm5se bezel1 ri*ly decorat$ 9 op5work2 ! hoop is also elaborately *as$4 ,! flat surface ( ! bezel is adorn$ ) a design 9 keep+ ) ! ornam5tation ( its sides & ( ! hoop4 ,= a l>ge & massive r+ ?is "o is rem>kably well-proportion$ & h>moni\s 9 design4 ,a good specim5 ( ! r+s worn on /ate occasions by ,ea/ ,indian pr9ces 0 sold 9 ,febru>y1 #aiac1 at ! ,am]ican ,art ,gall]ies4 ,x is ( gold1 b be>s no preci\s /ones2 ! circlet is ornam5t$ ) :ite enamell$ crocodiles1 & also ) a m9ute enamell$ figure1 )9 a temple & incas$ 9 glass2 ! bezel ( ?is r+ is decorat$ 9 blue1 gre5 & r$ enamel4 ,:ile ! simpl] ,*9ese r+s z a g5]al rule are unset1 usually consi/+ m]ely ( a pla9 silv] b& on :i* are engrav$ designs ( v>i\s objects1 or else coat$ ) ornam5ts 9 enamel1 ! r+s ( ! ,tibetans display a consid]able v>iety ( sett+s1 turquoise1 coral1 agate1 "m-(-pe>l1 mica & simil> /ones be+ us$4 ,few or none ( ! true preci\s /ones are to be f\nd 9 ! r+s ( ^! c\ntries4 ,! ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ,*icago has a l>ge numb] ( specim5s "s ( :i* are figur$ 9 ! accompany+ plate4#acd ,a collection ( "s two doz5 r+s ( arti/ic ,siamese workman%ip 7 s5t to ! ,*icago ,exhibition ( #ahic1 9 *>ge ( ,pr9ce ,surrya1 lat] ,siamese ambassador to ,france4 ,^! r+s 7 ( ne>ly pure gold1 & 7 ornam5t$ ) designs 9 r$1 gre51 & :ite enamel1 repres5t+ animals1 fi%1 & o!r =ms1 b nev] human figures4 ,!y 7 believ$ to be ( consid]able age & hi/oric value2 inde$1 !y 7 s highly priz$ t !y 7 n publicly exhibit$ b 7 kept lock$ up 9 a safe1 & only r>ely display$ to "s especially favor$ visitor4 ,aft] ! close ( ! ,exhibition !y 7 safely return$ to ,siam4 ,an ,am]ican travell] 9 ,cambodia1 9 #ahga1 succe$$ 9 hav+ a few r+s made = him by a native ,buddhi/ bonza1 ! mat]ial be+ old metal f\nd ly+ ab\t among ! idols ( a temple at ,ong*or4 ,! "w ( ! prie/ gives evid5ce ( a consid]able degree ( skill 9 design1 d\btless d]iv$ f exam9ation & /udy ( native & ,indian types ( r+s4 ,! type hav+ an int]tw9$ bezel prevails2 "o massive r+ is p5annul>4#ace ,an elaborate ,burmese r+ has ! hoop 9 ! =m ( a s]p5t1 ^: op5 m\? displays ! dea?-deal+ fangs4 ,along ! body runs a cont9u\s b& ( rubies plac$ 9 oval sett+s4 ,! re/ ( ! surface is adorn$ ) gre51 r$ & :ite enamel--m\?1 nose1 tail & scales be+ br\ght out 9 ?is way4 ,( two r$ /ones :i* orig9ally m>k$ ! s]p5t's eyes1 "o has fall5 out2 on ei!r side ( ! head is a small sapphire4 ,?is f9e r+ is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#acf ,:ile fifty ye>s ago 9 ,japan ! wom5 ( ! bett] classes did n favor ! we>+ ( f+]-r+s1 x 0 n infrequ5tly ! case t kit*5maids & h\semaids w\ld we> silv] or brass r+s4 ,!y are believ$ to h be5 influ5c$ by ! example ( ,dut* wom5 9 ,nagasaki4#acg ,at ! pres5t day ,am]ican & ,european influ5ce is v sl[ 9 mak+ itself felt 9 ! direction ( r+-we>+4 ,9 ! l>ge oval bezel ( a f9e ,syrian r+ is set a pa/e repres5t+ a topaz4 ,! %\ld]s exp& to =m ! bezel4 ,?is r+1 ! l[] half ( :i* has be5 brok5 (f1 %[s an exceptionally f9e pat9a2 x 0 ( l>ge size & mu/ h be5 a /rik+ ornam5t on ! we>]'s h&4 ,z ! broad oval ext5ds across ! hoop1 n at "r angles ) x1 x mu/ h int]f]$ slightly ) a free use ( ! f+]s ne> ! "o on :i* ! r+ 0 worn4 ,9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s a type ( r+ t is made by ! natives has a numb] ( spiral twi/s1 f five to z _m z a doz5 coils appe>+ 9 ^! r+s4 ,! s]p5t9e =m is acc5tuat$ by a patt]n ( dots or cross-m>k+1 ) sometimes ! indication ( a conv5tional fl[] design4 ,:ile r clumsy = we>1 ^! r+s /ill possess a c]ta9 arti/ic quality4 ,f9e examples are 9 ! ,e?nological ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,! anci5t city ( refuge1 ,ma*u ,pic*u1 probably built by ! ,incas ne>ly #bjjj ye>s ago on a ,p]uvian m\nta9 top1 0 uncov]$ by ! ,national ,geographic ,society--,yale ,univ]sity ,p]uvian ,exp$ition ( #aiab1 ( :i* ,dr4 ,hiram ,b+ham 0 ! director4 ,among ! _m int]e/+ relics f\nd on ?is unique site 7 "s silv] r+s1 "o be+ ( ! twi/$ type1 ) ! ends free1 s z to suit ! size ( any f+]1 :ile ano!r has be5 weld$ or hamm]$ into a clos$ circlet4 ,:ile x is impossible to date ^! r+s ) any approa* to exactness1 !y are und\bt$ly examples ( ! art ( native ,p]uvian silv]smi?s prior to ! ,spani% ,conque/4#ach ,r+s 9 great v>iety are worn 9 ! ,congo region & 9 e "p ( ,bantu & ,negro ,africa4 ,!re are heavy r+s & light ones1 simple hoops & spirals1 & !y are worn on neck1 arm1 leg1 f+] & toe4 ,!y are made ( brass1 copp]1 ivory1 iron1 elephant foot-pad1 & sev]al o!r mat]ials4 ,at ,akkra1 & 9 ,lib]ia1 !re is q a manufacture ( gold r+s1 &1 to a less] ext5t1 ( silv] r+s also4#aci ,an example ( ! exceptionally l>ge r+s sometimes made to commemorate special occasions1 r ?an = possible we>1 is "o donat$ to ,presid5t ,pi]ce by "s ,cali=nian admir]s 9 #aheb4 ,?is some:at ambiti\s production sc>cely answ]s ! requirem5ts ( a high /&>d ( art1 b its decoration (f]s a great v>iety ( appropriate designs illu/rat+ life 9 ! ,f> ,we/ 9 ! middle ( ! pa/ c5tury4 ,! r+ is ( solid gold & weighs some?+ ov] a p\nd1 ?us hav+ a m]e metal value ( ab\t #bej4 ,on squ>e surfaces cut on ! circlet are a s]ies ( designs int5d$ to pres5t an epitome ( ,cali=nia's e>ly hi/ory2 ! native animals 9 a wild /ate1 ! ,indian w>rior arm$ ) b[ & arr[1 & a native m\nta9e]2 !n comes a ,cali=nian1 rid+ a horse at full spe$ & ca/+ 8 lasso2 to him succe$s ! m9] ) pick & %ovel4 ,! bezel is engrav$ ) ! arms ( ,cali=nia2 x is h+$ & :5 op5$ reveals a k9d ( box hav+ n9e comp>tm5ts divid$ by gold5 b>s4 ,9 ea* comp>tm5t is a *>act]i/ic specim5 ( "o ( ! pr9cipal ores f\nd 9 ,cali=nia4 ,inside ! circlet has be5 engrav$ ! inscription3 8,pres5t$ to ,frankl9 ,pi]ce1 ! ,f\rte5? ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40#adj ,:at may be call$ a presid5tial r+ is t depict$ 9 ! effigy ( ,abigail ,p[] ,fillmore1 wife ( ,presid5t ,fillmore 7#ahej-ahec71 a qua9t wax figure 9 ! ,wives ( ,presid5ts s]ies1 %[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton ,d4 ,c4 ,9 ?is %e is %[n we>+ a h&k]*ief r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,r+ giv5 to ,presid5t ,frankl9 ,pi]ce 9 #aheb by citiz5s ( ,cali=nia 8,gleason's ,pictorial ,magaz9e10 ,decemb] #be1 #aheb ,illu/ration3 ,s]ies ( old r+s work$ up to =m a p5dant ,jewel]s' ,circul>-,weekly1 ,decemb] #h1 #aiji ,illu/ration3 ,,r+s ,,f ,,! ,,alex&] ,w4 ,,drake ,,collection1 ,,sold ,,at ,,! ,,am]ican ,,art ,,gall]ies ,,9 ,,m>*1 #aiac #a1 silv] r+ ( ,ea/ ,indian workman%ip4 #b1 massive ,t>t> f+] r+ ( f9e gold4 #c1 copy 9 silv] ( ! betro?al r+ ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 a gift ( ,ri*>d ,watson ,gild]4 #d1 f+] r+ ) preci\s /one sett+ & two irregul>ly-%ap$ pe>ls4 ,p5dant %[s ! bu/ ( a be>d$ man 9 armor4 #e1 gold betro?al r+4 ,two h&s hold+ a cr[n$ he>t4 ,type us$ by ,galway fi%]man f ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury & call$ a 8,claddugh ,r+40 #f1 op5work gold r+4 #g1 old ,*9ese gold r+--oval ) ,*9ese *>act]s1 on ei!r side a *isel$ bat4 #h1 ,moori% f+] r+ ( f9e gold4 ,l>ge %ield ) *>act]i/ic ornam5tation4 #i1 gold r+ ) intaglio ( a %eph]d & goat cut on a light s>d4 #aj1 squ>e gold r+1 ) bead gr\ps 9 c5tre & at corn]s1 ! c5tral "p 9 rais$ op5work4 #aa1 gold r+4 ,fr5*4 ,he>t-%ap$ bezel set ) ,watteau figure 9 rep\sse1 "u cry/al1 & surr\nd$ ) bits ( gre5 & :ite cry/al betwe5 small fl[]s ( gold4 #ab1 silv] f+] r+4 ,two hoops l9k$ toge!r by true-lov]s' knot4 ,an unusually l>ge r+ 0 worn by ! well-kn[n !atrical manag]1 ,%]idan ,%ook4 ,x 0 set ) an ame?y/ an in* long by ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* broad & half an in* deep1 & weigh+ two & a half ounces4 ,! lett] ,s 0 engrav$ 9 ! /one & inlaid ) small diamonds4 ,?is imm5se r+ ) its massive gold sett+ c h>dly be t]m$ a great "w ( art1 b x is unique 9 its way & 0 greatly valu$ by its own]1 :o only ceas$ to we> x :5 ill-heal? & weakness made x too mu* ( a burd54 ,! ext5sive & rem>kable collections ( ! late ,alex&] ,wilson ,drake1 :i* 7 dispos$ ( at ! ,am]ican ,art ,gall]ies 9 ,new ,york1 ,m>* #aj? to #ag?1 #aiac1 compris$ a f9e collection ( f+] r+s1 illu/rat+ a l>ge v>iety ( =ms & p]iods4 ,!re 7 9 all ne>ly #hjj examples1 set & unset4 ,!re 7 betro?al r+s1 memorials r+s1 gimmal r+s1 puzzle r+s1 r+s ( ,roman1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,spani%1 ,russian1 ,iri%1 ,sc&9avian1 ,engli% & ,am]ican workman%ip1 & _m ,ori5tal r+s1 ,sassanian1 ,indian1 ,japanese1 ,*9ese1 ,hebrew1 ,gypsy & ,moori%1 "o ( ! latt] be+ a gold circlet ) ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac engrav$ 9 high relief ar\nd x4 ,! p]sonality ( ! collector add$ greatly to ! *>m ( ?is collection = all :o _h kn[n him4 ,z art editor ( ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 & 9 a ?\s& o!r ways1 no "o _h labor$ m en?usia/ically & successfully 9 ! cause ( art enc\ragem5t & art education1 & 8 dea? con/itut$ a real loss = ! progress ( art 9 ,am]ica4 ,! valuable & c>efully *os5 collection ( gem /ones set 9 r+s1 :i* 0 made by ! late ,sir ,ar?ur ,h]b]t ,*ur* 7#ahcd-aiae71 has be5 pres5t$ by 8 wid[1 ,lady ,*ur*1 to ! tru/ees ( ! ,briti% ,museum & is %[n 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory build+4#ada ,( ! #ah examples 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection ( ! int]e/+ class ( r+s cut out ( a s+le /one1 ,! collection comprises #afi specim5s1 #de ( !m zircons1 fully illu/rat+ ! wide range ( color to be f\nd 9 ?is gem-/one2 two ( !m are ( a beautiful sky-blue4 ,! foll[+ li/ gives ! numb] ( r+s = ea* m9]al species3 ,corundum #ab ,sp9el #ag ,*rysob]yl #h ,qu>tz 7ame?y/1 tig]-eye1 *rysoprase7 #c ,p]idot #a ,spodum5e #a ,labradorite #a ,b]yl #d ,&alusite #a ,t\rmal9e #bj ,opal 7preci\s1 fire1 black & milk7 #aj ,zircon #de ,ph5acite #e ,en/alite #a ,moon/one #b ,g>net #ai ,topaz #h ,cordi]ite #b ,sph5e #a ,turquoise #a ,only ?ree ( ! r+s are set ) m ?an a s+le /one4 ,sev]al belong$ to ! collection ( ,sir ,hans ,sloane 9 #agec1 five ( !m be+ ar*]s' ?umb-r+s1 ( agate1 c>nelian1 mo*a-/one1 or jasp]4 ,a gre5 jasp] r+ ( ?is type is ?us ent]$ 9 ! ,sloane ,manuscript catalogue3 8,a ?umb piece = def5d+ x f be+ hurt by ! b[/r+1 f ,turkey40 ,a rem>kable1 ?\gh decid$ly ecc5tric r+ ( ! art n\veau /yle ( ,r5 ,lalique %[s 9 ! long1 irregul>ly oval bezel1 a full-l5g?1 nude female figure cut 9 v high relief out ( a blui% rock-cry/al2 set at "o side ab\t ! middle ( ! figure is a r\nd pe>l1 app>5tly ( imm5se proportions z comp>$ ) ^? ( ! human body4#adb ,n only are !re ! wat*-bracelets :i* h be5 s ext5sively worn ( late ye>s1 b m9ute ornam5tal wat*es h be5 set 9 f+]-r+s1 :]e !y c be consult$ ) ev5 great] ease ?an :5 worn on ! wri/4 ,! wat*-face is surr\nd$ by a bord]+ ( small jewels4 ,ap>t f _! practical value1 ! 8wat*-r+s0 are pretty & da9ty objects 9 !mselves1 & l5d a new elem5t ( v>iety to ! long li/ ( r+ =ms4#adc ,!re is 9 ! collection ( ! ,imp]ial ,kun/gew]be ,museum1 ,vi5na1 an exceptionally f9e example ( ! wat*-r+1 made by ,johann ,putz1 ( ,augsburg1 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x has a deta*able cov]1 cut f an em]ald1 on :i* ! ,au/rian d\ble-eagle has be5 engrav$4 ,9 ! same collection are two sun-dial r+s2 "o1 made 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 has a lid figur+ a h$gehog1 /udd$ ) black diamond loz5ges2 ! o!r1 a sixte5? c5tury r+1 be>s a ,greek inscription to ! effect t 8"t removes all ?+s & br+s =getfulness20 ! sun-dial is on ! inn] side ( ?is r+1 :i* is ( silv] gilt4 ,!re is also a gold a/rolabe r+1 :i* :5 clos$ looks l an ord9>y "o2 b :5 ! connect$ circles are op5$ up1 ! r+ con/itutes a v]itable a/rolabe4#add ,a gold 8sph]e-r+0 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection has an out] hoop 9 two p>ts1 work+ l a gimmal1 & ?ree int]ior hoops :i* are almo/ conceal$ :5 ! r+ is clos$4 ,! ext]ior hoop is *as$2 on ! inn] surfaces1 conceal$ f view :5 ! r+ is clos$1 appe>s 9 sections ! foll[+ inscription 9 black enamel3 ,v]bo ,dei celi firmati sunt4 ,dixit et creata sunt1 ipse m&avit et creata sunt4 7,! heav5s are f\nd$ 9 ! ^w ( ,god4 ,he spoke & !y 7 creat$2 he comm&$ & !y 7 creat$47 ,aft] 8firmati sunt10 is ! date #aeee4 ,! ?ree int]ior hoops be>1 enamel$ 9 black1 ! signs ( ! zodiac1 />s1 & o!r a/ral figures4 ,?is r+ is ( ,g]man workman%ip4#ade ,9 ! collection ( works ( art bequea!d to ! ,briti% ,museum 9 #ahih by ,b>on ,f]d9& ,ro?s*ild1 & designat$ z ! ,waddesdon ,beque/1 !re are sev]al *>act]i/ic r+s4 ,( ^! p]haps ! mo/ notable is a l>ge f+] r+ ( gold1 enamel$ & set ) jewels1 a sixte5? c5tury example ( ,g]man workman%ip4 ,! bezel is 9 ! =m ( a clasp$ book2 on ! cov] is a skull1 ab\t :i* are f\r /ones1 sapphire1 ruby1 em]ald1 & diamond1 & two toads & snakes 9 enamel4 ,:5 ! book cov] is ?r[n back !re appe>s a loose plate ( gold1 on :i* is enamel$ a recumb5t figure ) skull & h\r-glass2 on ! "u side ( ! cov] is inscrib$ 9 black enamel 79 capitals73 ,,sive ,,vivimus1 ,,sive ,,morimur1 ,,dom9i ,,sumus4 ,,comm5da ,,dom9o ,,viam ,,tuam1 ,,et ,,sp]a ,,9 ,,eum ,,et ,,ipse ,,faciet 7,:e!r we live or :e!r we die we are ! ,"l's4 ,commit ?y way unto ! ,"l & tru/ 9 ,him1 & ,he %all br+ x to pass74 ,?is comb9es ! text1 ,romans xiv1 #h ) ,psalm xxxvii1 #e4 ,on ! %\ld]s ( ! r+ are two gr\ps 9 enamel1 ! ,fall & ! ,expulsion f ,ed54#adf ,sixte5? c5tury r+-mak+1 s ri* 9 its v>iety ( ecc5tric types1 evolv$ :i/le-r+s1 "o ( :i* is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is is ( bronze gilt2 ! l>ge oval bezel is engrav$ ) a %ield ( arms2 ! hoop is sl5d] at ! back4 ,! %\ld]s are engrav$ ) /rap-"w1 "o ( !m hav+ a tubul> :i/le4#adg ,an enamel$ gold r+ ( /rik+ & orig9al design is own$ by ,dr4 ,alb]t ,figdor1 ,vi5na4 ,! bezel has a lid on :i* is enamel$ a head we>+ a half-mask2 ! eyes are ( small loz5ge-%ap$ diamonds1 & !re is a bord]+ ( sev5te5 rubies4 ,on lift+ ! lid !re appe>s b5ea? an oval surface1 on :i* is enamel$ a he>t ) ! motto3 8,p\r v\s seule0 7,= y alone74 ,! inn] side ( ! lid is holl[$ out s z to s]ve z a receptacle = hair4 ,! hoop1 ( a ribbon-l =m1 be>s ! significant inscription3 8,s\s le masque la vrit0 7,b5ea? ! mask is tru?74 ,?is r+1 :i* belong$ to ! fam\s ,vi5nese trag$i5ne1 ,*>lotte ,wolt]1 is ( ,fr5* workman%ip & dates f ab\t #ahjj4 ,a :imsical gold r+ 9 ! collection has a pla9 hoop1 to :i* ! figure ( a little m\se1 wr\ght 9 gold1 is loop$ by ! tail s t x slips ar\nd ! circlet4 ,ano!r gold r+ ( s+ul> design is "o hav+ a diamond 9 a silv] sett+ ab\t :i* are ?ree rubies 9 gold sett+s2 betwe5 ! rubies are ?ree play+ c>ds 9 enamel4 ,! hoop is ( op5work ) two play+ c>ds & two ovals2 a section ( r$di% gold t has be5 add$ to x1 indicates t ! r+ 0 enl>g$ at "s "t f its orig9al size4#adh ,a decoration ( a some:at unusual type appe>s 9 a r+ to be se5 9 ! ,clevel& ,museum ( ,art1 ! gift ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,j4 ,hom] ,wade4 ,x has = its adornm5t a m9ute l&scape pa9t+1 9 place ( a preci\s /one or seal decoration4#adi ,?is might be a sugge/ion to ^? :o may wi% to be> ) !m a pretty rem9d] ( _! favorite c\ntry home1 or else ( "s sc5e t is associat$ ) exceptionally happy memories4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold ,,r+1 ,,ri*ly ,,enamel$ ,! hoop has :ite1 r$ & black enamel+1 & is /udd$ ) little em]alds & rubies4 ,! high bezel is set ) an em]ald & ) a small ruby on ea* ( ! f\r sides4 ,second half ( ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,gold ,,r+1 ,,) ,,head ,,9 ,,=m ,,( ,a ,,rose ,,knot ,! sett+ consi/s ( a diamond 9 a silv] bezel1 & ?ree rubies 9 gold bezels2 betwe5 ! rubies are ?ree enamel$ play+ c>ds4 ,! hoop is ( op5work int]sp]s$ ) two play+ c>ds & two ovals 9 enamel2 a section ( r$di% gold indicates an enl>gem5t ( ?is r+4 ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,a symbolic r+ rec5tly design$ & execut$ 9 ,new ,york artfully comb9es a numb] ( significant elem5ts1 ea* ( :i* has a di/9ct be>+ ^u ! hi/ory1 ! =tunes1 or ! ta/e ( ! prospective we>]4 ,at ! head ( ! r+ is set 8 bir?-/one1 ! s>d1 ab\t :i* are engrav$ 8 family cre/ & motto1 & ! initials ( 8 "n4 ,on ! %ank are two relief repres5tations1 "o ( a lion1 8! k+ ( bea/s10 typify+ royal desc5t1 ! o!r %[+ ! we>]'s patron sa9t1 ,mi*ael2 at ! left ( ?is figure is set an em]ald z ! talismanic gem4 ,surm\nt+ ! head ( ! r+ are a s]ies ( light go?ic ar*es1 indicat+ ! religi\s "* ( ?is jewel4 ,on ! smoo? inn] side ( ! head is engrav$ a my/ic design1 consi/+ ( a d\ble triangle1 int]lac$ to =m a six-po9t$ />1 & enclos$ by a circle2 )9 ! triangles appe>s 9 blue em]ald ! 8my/ic numb]0 #ae1 t ( ! we>]1 blue be+ 8 a/ral color2 ! triangles symbolize ! insep>ability ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 & ! circle typifies ,et]nity1 ?is ^w be+ engrav$ above1 z well z ! date ( ! we>]'s bir?1 & a leg5d commemorat+ ! gift ( ! r+4 ,x is made ( f9e gold1 s t x may ! bett] d5ote absolute purity4 ,9 "o type ( s]p5t r+1 "o ( ! ends is ins]t$ loose into ! m\? ( ! s]p5t's head t]m9at+ ! o!r end1 s t by a little c>eful b5d+1 ! trifl+ diff]5ce 9 ! diamet] ( ! hoop necess>y to adju/ x p]fectly to a f+] c be easily atta9$4 ,?is =m already appe>s among anci5t r+s4#aej ,two f9ely wr\ght s]p5t r+s are %[n on ! ,plate4#aea ,9 "o ( ^! 7,no4 #b71 ) ?ree coils1 ! erect head ( ! snake ) di/5d$ jaws is vividly portray$1 mak+ ! r+ a "w ( art inde$1 b ar\s+ an in/9ctive repulsion 9 ! behold]4 ,! o!r s]p5t r+ con/itutes a simple circlet1 ! head ( ! snake ov]lapp+ ! tail4 ,z an example ( arti/ic workman%ip x fully equals ! l>g] r+1 & may be consid]$ bett] adapt$ = ! adornm5t ( ! h&1 s9ce ! s]p5t nature is n s aggressively pres5t$4 ,r+s ( a q unique type1 t owes its orig9 to ! great w> & to ,fr5* skill & ta/e 9 adapt+ ! mo/ unpromis+ means to an arti/ic end1 are ^? made by ,fr5* soldi]s out ( alum9um fuses tak5 f ! bombs :i* _! ,g]man foes h s lib]ally ra9$ ^u !m4 ,at ! outset ! disks 7 fir/ work$ ) scissors to make rude r+s = m5's big f+]s4 ,lat] on ! well-furni%$ tool-box ( ! ma*9e-gun squad 0 call$ into requisition4 ,?is e>ly primitive type 0 soon ab&on$1 & 9 ord] to make r+s ( ! prop] dim5sions ! metal f ! ,g]man %ells 0 fus$ & run into +ots2 ! crucible 0 frequ5tly "o ( ! new iron helmets1 :i* 0 set on a wood fire t 0 kept go+ by a bell[s improvis$ f a bayonet %ea?4 ,h[ev]1 ! soldi]s f9ally became s reckless 9 _! se>* = mat]ial t x 0 f\nd necess>y to put a /op to ?is1 aft] sev]al _h be5 %ot by ! enemy4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 m\rn+ r+4 ,gold ) enamel & jewels1 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 #b1 snake r+4 ,c>v$ gold ) diamond eyes4 ,mod]n ,ori5tal4 #c1 ,*9ese r+4 ,native gold ) seal read+1 8,ri*es & public honors40 ,ov]lapp+ back4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 #d1 wi%-bone r+4 ,copy ( an ,african "o 9 gold4 #e1 ,p]sian r+4 ,gold & silv]1 set ) a c>nelian hav+ seal *>act]s ( own]'s "n4 ,metal engrav$ inside4 ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 #f1 ,*9ese r+4 ,native gold ) seal read+1 8,long life & ri*es40 ,ov]lapp+ back4 ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 #g1 animal r+4 ,c>v$ gold 9 two colors ) cont9u\s procession ( tig]s4 ,mod]n ,fr5*4 #h1 ,*9ese r+4 ,( gre5i% jadeite 9 "o piece4 ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,r+s f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g$ney ,beatty ,illu/ration3 ,,?ree ,,types ,,( ,,wat* ,,r+ ,front1 side & end views ,! fir/ models = ! r+s 7 made ( wood or s(t lime/one4 ,at a m advanc$ /age1 r\nd b>s 7 made1 :i* 7 cut into sections by means ( ! jagg$ edge ( an old tr5*-spade4 ,! smoo?+ (f 0 done ) a knife1 & = mak+ ! r+ ap]tures a pick 0 commonly us$4 ,!y 7 !n poli%$ ) a piece ( h>d wood1 moi/5$ f "t to "t to s(t5 x4 ,?is /ill primitive =m fail$ to satisfy ! amateur r+-mak]s1 & soon "s ( !m began to engrave _! r+s ) ! po9t ( a pocket-knife1 & o!rs1 m ambiti\s1 encru/$ !m ) small pieces ( copp]1 ei!r mortis$ or rivett$ 94 ,al?\gh _m ( ! r+s 7 und\bt$ly ! "w ( entirely unpractic$ h&s1 ( c\rse 9 any ( ! great mod]n national armies m5 ( all trades & pr(essions are repres5t$1 & h5ce ! really f9e examples ( ^! w>-"t r+s h be5 ! "w ( ^? famili> ) ! jewell]s' art4 ,s eag]ly did "s ( ! soldi]s pursue ?is avocation1 t :5 _! alum9um ?reat5$ to give out1 !y w\ld look impati5tly = a bomb>dm5t to get a new supply4#aeb ,! 8add-a-l9k0 r+ is made up ( a s]ies ( small l9ks :i* all snap "o 9 ! o!r4 ,! pur*as] buys "o ) ! numb] ( l9ks requisite to fit ! f+] exactly4 ,if he wi%es to h a /one 9 x he buys a l9k ) a /one ins]t$ !re94 ,a pla9 l9k is snapp$ out ( ! r+ & ! l9k ) ! /one is snapp$ 94 ,sometimes ^! r+s are made up ( a v>iety ( /ones & !n aga9 ) only "o /one4 ,x is possible 9 ?is way = ! pur*as] to obta91 at a mod]ate co/1 a v>iety ( sett+s1 *angeable at w4 ,moreov]1 a r+ ( ?is type c be enl>g$ z ! f+] gr[s l>g]4 ,among a numb] ( r+-types design$ = ! practical conv5i5ce ( ! own] & only worn tempor>ily to s]ve a p>ticul> purpose1 we may note ! cig>ette r+1 provid$ ) a /raight slid+ rod ! end ( :i* clasps ! middle ( a cig>ette1 s t :5 a :iff has be5 tak51 ! h& may be freely us$ )\t lay+ aside or dropp+ ! cig>ette4 ,ano!r smok]s' r+ is "o provid$ ) a projection = /opp+ a pipe1 r5d]+ x possible = ! ard5t pipe-smok] to keep 8 pipe-b[l well fill$ & well pack$ )\t soil+ ! tips ( 8 f+]s4 ,^! pipe-/opp+ r+s are sometimes ( ri* mat]ials1 9 "o in/ance ! /opp] 0 ( a beautiful :ite zircon1 f9ely contra/+ ) ! ri* yell[ gold ( ! r+ prop]4 ,r+s ( ?is k9d 7 v mu* 9 vogue 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & "o appe>s on ! h& ( a g5tleman 9 "o ( ,hog>?'s engrav+s4 ,! "n 8swivel r+0 is appli$ :5 ! head ( ! r+ is loose1 & is loosely secur$ by a b> to ! b& or circlet1 s t ! r+ w sw+ ar\nd4 ,?is type is frequ5tly us$ 9 sc>ab r+s1 or :]e !re is a d\ble intaglio1 a d\ble m9iature1 or o!r d\ble object1 or :]e ! r+ is :at is kn[n z a conceal$ seal r+1 ! outside "p be+ a gold ornam5t or a /one4 ,"o ( ! 8surprise r+s0 9 :i* a h+$ out] section ( ! hoop c be made to deta* itself1 on a spr+ be+ press$1 s t a conceal$ surface appe>s1 %[s on its hidd5 surface a numb] ( magical signs & ! names ( ! angels or spirits ,a%model1 ,na*iel1 ,zamiel1 & o!rs4 ,we>+ a r+ ( ?is k9d1 ! adept c\ld reveal 8 belief 9 ! magic arts to o!rs ( 8 sect or frat]nity1 ?us be>+ ab\t ) him a secret passport admitt+ him to _! confid5ce4#aec ,a pretty way ( utiliz+ old & *]i%$ r+s = ! production ( an attractive ornam5t is to l9k !m toge!r s z to =m a *atela9e4 ,by ?is means a l>ge numb] ( family memorial r+s1 ei!r ^? ( m or less remote ance/ors or ( p]sons :om ! own] has kn[n & lov$1 may be comb9$ 9 a s+le beautiful *a94 ,?is c be done 9 sev]al ways4 ,aft] op5+ ! r+s at ! jo9t1 !y are /rung "o bel[ ! o!r1 ! monotony ( ! effect be+ v>i$ by "o or m d\ble r+s1 ! t]m9al ( ! *a9 be+ a seal-r+ ) ! bezel d[nw>d4 ,ano!r me?od is to h a s]ies ( d\ble r+s1 ea* "o ( :i* is jo9$ to ! memb] ( ! pair imm$iately bel[1 by means ( a small r+ made = ?is purpose2 "h aga9 ! t]m9al w be ei!r a seal-r+1 or "o set ) a l>ge preci\s /one4 ,su* ornam5ts are n only ?+s ( beauty 9 !mselves1 b unique 9 ! memories !y s]ve to p]petuate 9 ! he>ts ( ! we>]s4 ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,r+s ,r+ :ittl+ or c>v+ is a favorite occupation ( sailors & "y boys4 ,_m int]e/+ r+s h be5 c>v$ by !m out ( pea* pits1 flexible ivory1 cocoanut %ells1 gutta p]*a1 walrus ivory1 boxwood1 :ale's tee? & _m o!r sub/ances4 ,^! are frequ5tly incis$ ) ! initials ( ! we>] or ! "o to :om ! r+ is to be pres5t$4 ,!n aga91 p9s are cut (f & ! upp] "p driv5 into ! hoop1 9 su* a way t ! head ( ! p9 appe>s z a bead+2 (t5 metallic po9ts are add$4 ,o!r r+s are c>v$ ) he>ts1 fold$ h&s & o!r symbols ( s5tim5t4 ,z a r+ is necess>y 9 m>riage x has occasionally happ5$ :5 no preci\s metal 0 available 9 ha/y m>riages1 or out ( economy1 t a curta9 r+1 tak5 f ! *ur* curta91 has be5 us$4 ,memory r+s1 ( ?reads w\nd ar\nd ! f+]1 h (t5 be5 employ$4 ,sometimes ^! are made ( cord or y>n1 & ea* r+ is suppos$ to repres5t "o object to be rememb]$1 & to be pur*as$1 or deliv]$ at ! f9al place ( de/9ation4 ,! writ] di/9ctly rememb]s see+ an old man ne>ly #ij ye>s ( age1 we>+ a wai/coat old] ?an himself1 & ) at lea/ tw5ty /r+s ( diff]5t colors & v>iety on 8 f+]s4 ,he trudg$ a di/ance ( six miles to ! ne>e/ village & _h be5 in/ruct$ n to return until he _h pur*as$ or obta9$ ! object meant by ea* /r+4 ,?is memoriz+ by cords or /r&s has be5 practis$ by _m primitive peoples :o _h n develop$ any sy/em ( writ+1 a well-kn[n in/ance be+ ! wampum records ( "s ( our ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian tribes4 ,to ! fam\s episode ( ! desc5t ( ! life-goddess ,i%t> to ! inf]nal regions1 =m+ "p ( ! great ,babylonian poem kn[n z ! 8,gilgame% ,epic10 h be5 app5d$ a few l9es sugge/+ an idea di/antly resembl+ t 9 ! ,greek my? ( ,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,a m\rn] :o seeks to release a lov$ "o f ! ,realm ( ,dea?1 is told to address himself to ,tammuz 7 ,adonis74 ,a fe/ival g>m5t is to be put on ! god's /atue to induce him 8to play on ! flute ( lapis-lazuli10 ) a r+ ( porphyry4 ,?is div9e music 0 believ$ to ar\se ! dead & call !m to inhale ! fragrance ( ! inc5se (f]+ prep>$ = !m4#aed ,! 8porphyry r+0 = play+ ! musical in/rum5t might seem to indicate t x 0 "s =m ( lyre1 on :i* ! r+ c\ld be us$ z a k9d ( plectrum1 r ?an a flute or o!r w9d-in/rum5t4 ,r+s made entirely ( a preci\s /one sub/ance 7 n uncommon 9 ! "t ( ,rameses ,,iii 7#abjb-aagj ,b4,c47 & lat] ,egyptian sov]eigns1 b !re is no evid5ce ( _! hav+ be5 made at a m remote p]iod4 ,! prejudice aga9/ bury+ r+s ) ! dead does n seem to h affect$ ! ,egyptians1 = 9 a numb] ( cases r+s h be5 f\nd on ! f+]s ( mummies4#aee ,! s>donyx 0 a favorite /one ) ! ,romans ( ! ,imp]ial ,age1 z is prov$ by ! frequ5t allusions to x by ! poets ( ?is "t4 ,( a celebrat$ play] on ! lyre1 ,juv5al 7#ej-acj ,a4,d47 says t z 8 h& pass$ ov] ! /r+s ! :ole in/rum5t 0 light$ up by ! %e5 ( 8 _m s>donyx r+s4#aef ,su* a r+ 0 reg>d$ z a mo/ appropriate bir?day gift4#aeg ,ano!r passage relates t ! advocate ,paulus1 9 ord] to r5d] 8 address be=e ! c\rt m impressive1 wore ^u 8 h& a f9e onyx r+ :i* he _h borr[$ f a fri5d especially = ?is occasion4#aeh ,inde$1 s highly 0 ! /one priz$ t x 0 call$ ! fir/ ( gems 7gemma pr9ceps s>dony*us7 & ivory caskets 7 reg>d$ z fit receptacles = s>donyxes4#aei ,! value ( r+s set ) !m is %[n by ! fact t 9 ,hadrian's 7#gf-ach ,a4,d47 "t1 !y 7 expressly associat$ ) ! gems ( greate/ value1 su* be+ /rictly diff]5tiat$ f ^? wor? b f\r gold pieces ea*4#afj ,sev]al r+s ( ! ,lat] ,roman p]iod 9 ! ,briti% ,museum are set ) small diamonds4 ,( ^! ! foll[+ are believ$ to repres5t orig9al sett+s3#afa ,no4 #ggi4 ,pla9 solid hoop ) sides cut flat4 ,x is set ) a small po9t$ diamond4 ,ca/ellani ,coll41 #ahgb4 ,no4 #ghe4 ,?9 r\nd$ hoop1 slightly exp&+ upw>ds4 ,po9t$ diamond 9 rais$ oblong sett+4 ,f ,t>ts4 ,franks ,beque/1 #ahig4 ,no4 #ghg4 ,angul> hoop1 project+ %>ply bel[ ! %\ld]s1 :i* are 9 ! =m ( holl[ leaves )9 a triangul> frame4 ,! bezel is squ>e & conta9s an octah$ral diamond2 ! sides are op5 & =m a k9d ( wave patt]n4 ,ca/ellani ,coll41 #ahgb4 #crd c5tury1 ,a4,d4 ,no4 #ghh4 ,type ak9 to la/4 ,on ei!r %\ld] is an op5work triangle4 ,! bezel is squ>e & conta9s an octah$ral diamond2 on ei!r side ( ! bezel is a small op5work triangle4 ,no4 #ghi4 ,type ak9 to la/4 ,! l[] "p ( ! hoop has a groove runn+ along its middle2 ei!r %\ld] is cut away 9 a slight curve4 ,! bezel is squ>e1 ) a triangul> space left op5 9 ea* side & ) a r\nd op5+ bel[4 ,x conta9s a diamond ( octah$ral =m4 ,franks ,beque/1 #ahig4 ,no4 #gij4 ,type ak9 to la/4 ,! hoop is r\nd$ )\t2 ! curv$ excision ( ! %\ld]s is m pron\nc$4 ,two d\ble pyramid-%ap$ 7octah$ral7 diamonds are set 9 ! bezel4 ,a triangle is cut out ( ei!r %\ld]1 & two small] triangles on ei!r side ( ! bezel4 ,und]nea? ! /one are two loz5ge-%ap$ op5+s4 ,franks ,beque/1 #ahig4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,an ,,unkn[n ,,man ,,9 ,,! ,,co/ume ,,( ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury1 ,,by ,,antonio ,,del ,,pollaiolo ,he holds betwe5 ! ?umb & index ( 8 left h& a r+ set ) a naturally po9t$ diamond cry/al ,gall]ia ,cors9i1 ,flor5ce ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,v5etian ,,s5ator1 ,,by ,a4 ,,da ,,sol>io ,seal r+ on ?umb ( left h& ,national ,gall]y1 ,london ,9 all ^! cases ! diamond is a small natural cry/al ( octah$ral =m sugge/+ ! 8diamond1 a po9t ( a /one10 ( :i* ! a/ronom] ,manilius wrote 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 &1 p]haps1 ! diamond 9 ,b]5ice's r+ m5tion$ 9 ! same p]iod by ! satiri/ ,juv5al4 ,ano!r r+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 h[ev]1 is set ) two facett$ diamonds1 z well z ) two o!r /ones 7,no4 #ggh ( catalogue1 ,plate xx1 same numb]74 ,"h ! diamonds h unque/ionably be5 set at a "t long po/]ior to ! mak+ ( ! r+1 :i* is believ$ to belong1 approximately1 to ! same p]iod z ! o!rs we h li/$4 ,! diamonds 7 probably ins]t$ to replace two ( ! orig9al /ones t _h fall5 out ( _! sett+s4 ,sir ,*>les ,h]cules ,read pron\nces ! in/ances ( diamond sett+s 9 anci5t r+s to be exce$+ r>e4 ,he /ates t ! examples above not$ are ! only ones ( :i* he kn[s1 & consid]s t !y belong to ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury ( our era4#afb ,! fam\s ,m>lbor\gh collection ( gems includes a ?umb r+ entirely ( sapphire4 ,to give ?is /one r+ ! necess>y resi/+ p[]1 x has be5 l9$ ) a ?ick hoop ( gold4 ,! engrav+ x be>s1 a head ( ! ,eld] ,fau/9a1 ! wife ( ,anton9us ,pius 7#hf-afa ,a4,d471 is believ$ to replace an orig9al ,arabic inscription t fitt$ ?is r+ = use z a seal4#afc ,r+s entirely ( preci\s-/one mat]ial1 or 8hololi?0 r+s1 h be5 f\nd at ,myc51 "o ( jasp] & ano!r ( rock-cry/al1 & a c>nelian r+ 0 discov]$ 9 a tomb 9 s\!rn ,russia4 ,ea* ( ^! be>s an engrav$ design4 ,two c>nelian r+s are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,*alc$ony r+s1 t is1 r+s entirely =m$ ( ?is /one1 :ile q r>e1 are repres5t$ by a few specim5s4 ,we describe else:]e ! s-call$ betro?al r+ ( ! ,virg9 at ,p]ugia1#afd & ! ,briti% ,museum has a l>ge example ( a *alc$ony r+1 ) ! hoop r\nd$ on ! out] side1 & a rais$ bezel t has be5 r\ghly cut s z to indicate a human head1 "s scrat*es m>k+ ! hair4 ,! "w is late ,roman & ! inscription %[s t x 0 made = "s adh]5t ( ! ,gno/ic sect4#afe ,a l>ge r+1 entirely ( rock cry/al1 %[s on ! oval flatt5$ surface ( ! upp] "p a curi\s comb9ation ( ! 8,tau ,cross10 ) sup]pos$ 8*risma10 & ) a s]p5t tw9$ ab\t x1 recall+ ! braz5 s]p5t ( ,moses1 ! view ( :i* re/or$ heal? to ! diseas$2 ! ,greek lett]s1 alpha & omega1 8! beg9n+ & ! end10 complete ?is int]lac+ ( ,old & ,new ,te/am5t emblems2 ! doves fac+ ! cross are ! fai?ful to :om ! ,cross ( ,*ri/ br+s salvation4#aff ,ano!r entire cry/al r+ be>s on its flat face a design ( some:at simil> import1 )1 h[ev]1 ! curi\s diff]5ce t ! l[] end ( ! cross is support$ on a little ,cupid1 on ei!r side ( :i* figure is a dove4#afg ,! jewels ( ! ,mogul emp]ors 7 ! mo/ spl5did 9 ! _w1 b few h surviv$ intact to our "t1 z ne>ly all 7 brok5 up by ! spoil]s ( ! ,mogul ,empire4 ,h[ev]1 "o ( ! few t h be5 pres]v$ = u is a mo/ int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! type ( r+ favor$ 9 t age & region4 ,?is is "o made = ,jehangir ,%ah1 ! fa!r ( ,%ah ,jehan1 = :om 0 erect$ ! wond]ful ,taj ,mahal at ,agra1 a memorial ( 8 de>ly belov$ wife1 ,mumtaz ,mahal1 :o di$ 9 #afbi4 ,x is ab\t #a in*es 9 diamet] & is cut out ( a solid em]ald ( exceptional purity & beauty ( color2 f ! r+ prop] dep5d two f9e em]ald drops1 :ile set 9 two collets are rose diamonds ) ruby bord]+4 ,jehangir's "n is engrav$ on ! hoop4 ,?is r+ 0 probably c>ri$ (f by ,nadir ,%ah at ! loot+ ( ,delhi 9 #agci1 & aft] rema9+ 9 ! ,p]sian treasury = a few ye>s f\nd its way1 ) o!r gems & jewels plund]$ f ! ,moguls1 into ! h&s ( ! ,afghan *iefs4 ,"o ( ^!1 ! un=tunate ,%ah ,%ujah1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 w&]+s aft] he _h be5 bl9d$ & depriv$ ( 8 ?rone by a bro!r1 f9ally s\ght & f\nd refuge "u ! protection ( ! ,briti% ,ea/ ,india ,company1 & z a tok5 ( gratitude1 or z a slight quid pro quo1 he gave ?is hi/oric r+ to ! company4 ,aft] hav+ be5 acquir$ by ,"l ,auckl&1 x pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,hon4 ,miss ,ed54 ,?is is probably ! v f9e/ specim5 ( ! r>e type ( hololi? r+s1 or r+s entirely consi/+ ( a s+le preci\s-/one mat]ial4#afh ,= ^? :o believ$ 9 ! magic virtues ( preci\s /ones1 a r+ ( ?is k9d w\ld possess mu* great] efficacy ?an w\ld a metal r+ set ) ! /one1 z 9 ! =m] case ! sub/ance :5 worn w\ld always be 9 direct contact ) ! sk9 ( ! we>]4 ,jehangir also own$ an entire ruby r+ giv5 him by ,%aikh ,f>id-i-,bukh>i1 & valu$ at #be1jjj rupees 7ab\t #ab1ejj74 ,9 mod]n times1 ! ,burmese ambassador to ! c\rt ( ,p]sia is said to h br\ght ) him1 z a gift to ! ,%ah1 a r+ cut out ( a solid ruby ( ! f9e/ color4#afi ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ar*]s' r+s 0 engrav$ out ( a s+le piece ( em]ald4 ,x is an example ( ! type :i* is n>r[ at "o end1 tap]+ to a broad edge at ! o!r4 ,x is ( a beautiful gre5 em]ald & v h&somely engrav$4 ,?is r+ 0 probably made = ! ,mogul ,emp]or ,%ah ,jehan1 ab\t #afej4 ,x 0 "p ( ,nadir ,%ah's %>e ( ! booty f ! sack ( ,delhi 9 #agci1 & ?is ,p]sian adv5tur] _h ! foll[+ inscription engrav$ ^u x 9 ,p]sian *>act]s3 8,= a b[ = ! ,k+ ( ,k+s1 ,nadir1 ,"l ( ! ,conjunction1 at ! subjugation ( ,india1 f ! ,jewel-h\se at ,delhi x 0 select$ #aaeb #agci ,a4,d404 ,! luckless ,%ah ,%uja gave x to ,runjit ,s+h1 ! ,lion ( ! ,panjab1 9 #ahac1 :5 he took refuge at ! latt]'s c\rt at ,lahore4 ,at ! end ( ! second ,sikh w> 9 #ahdi x 0 f\nd ) ! regalia 9 ! royal treasury ( ,lahore4 ,?is spl5did r+ once own$ by ,"l ,dalh\sie1 0 sold at ,ed9burgh 9 #ahih2 x came into ! possession ( ,w4 ,h4 ,br\n1 ,esq41 & is n[ "o ( ! gems ( a private collection 9 ,philadelphia4#agj ,9 pa/ times ! ,%ahs ( ,p]sia h pass$ ord9ances re/rict+ ! exportation ( turquoise4 ,reg>d+ ?is preci\s /one z peculi>ly ,p]sian & = ! fur!r+ ( ,p]sian goldsmi?s1 x 0 enact$ t no unset turquoises %\ld be export$2 z a rule ! sett+s 7 9 r+s1 ^! be+ easily transport$1 s9ce a great numb] ( !m c\ld be /rung toge!r4 ,sometimes a prospective pur*as] 0 p]mitt$ to te/ ! quality ( a /r+ ( turquoise r+s by we>+ a bun* ( !m = a :ile "u 8 arm-pit1 to see :e!r ! /ones w\ld *ange color4 ,al?\gh "s fail$ to endure ?is r sev]e te/1 _m )/ood x successfully4 ,! entire circlet ( c]ta9 ( ! f9e/ turquoise r+s 0 ( pi]c$ gold enri*$ ) rose diamonds2 o!r1 less valuable turquoises h be5 set 9 f9e gold r+s1 c>v$ or pla91 & ^? ( ! next l[] value1 9 ornam5t$ silv]4 ,! *eap] sort rang$ 9 price all ! way f "o c5t to a few doll>s1 & 7 (t5 set 9 r+s made ( t91 or ( t9n$ iron1 ! hoop co/+ b two c5ts4 ,! /ones 7 always cut irregul>ly en cabo*on1 ! =m be+ frequ5tly q pleas+2 if ! turquoise 7 ?9 ! back 0 coat$ ) pit* to br+ out ! color1 & on ! surface 0 engrav$ "s %ort =mula f ! ,koran1 su* z 8,allah be prais$60 or 8,allah is great60 ,occasionally ! ,%ah's portrait 0 ! subject4 ,9 ! ,roman _w entire r+s ( yell[ amb] 7 sometimes =m$1 & 9 a few in/ances figures or heads h be5 engrav$ 9 relief ^u ! *aton4 ,_! execution ne$ n h pres5t$ any great] difficulty ?an did ! c>v+ ( ! _m small amb] figures :i* h come d[n to u f anci5t times4 ,a c>v$ amb] r+ 9 ! ,franks ,beque/ ( ! ,briti% ,museum is beautifully =m$ ) full-relief figures ( ,v5us & ( ,cupid on ei!r side4 ,x is cut out ( a s+le piece ( amb]1 & is consid]$ to be ! f9e/ example extant ( ,roman c>v+ 9 t mat]ial1#aga b un=tunately is consid]ably damag$4 ,pl9y decl>es t 9 8 "t amb] ornam5ts 7 almo/ exclusively = wom5's we>2 inde$1 a few ye>s lat]1 ,artemidorus1 9 8 8,oneirocritica10 an int]pretation ( dreams1 aft] say+ t amb] & ivory r+s 7 only appropriate = wom51 proce$s to ass]t t ?is 0 true ( all k9ds ( r+s4#agb ,!re are b a v few ivory r+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 al?\gh ! collection includes sev]al bone r+s1 probably = we> on ! ?umb4 ,! relief-c>v+ ( masks has be5 ?\ght to make x likely t !y 7 actors' r+s4#agc ,n only h entire em]ald & ruby r+s be5 =m$1 b ev5 ! intractable diamond has lately be5 cut 9 ?is =m4 ,an entire diamond r+1 ! "w ( ! diamond-cutt] ,anto9e1 ( ,antw]p1 0 %[n 9 ! exposition held 9 ,antw]p 9 #ahid4agd ,ano!r su* r+ has s9ce be5 execut$ by ,b>t ,br\w] ( ,am/]dam4 ,9 ?is latt] r+ ! facets are all triangul>4 ,! unrivall$ ,heb] ,r4 ,bi%op ,collection ( ,jades1 n[ 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york ,city1 conta9s an anci5t ?umb-r+ 7pan *ih71 entirely ( jade1 f ! "t ( ! ,han ,dyna/y 7#bjf ,b4,c4-#bbj ,a4,d474 ,its major & m9or diamet]s are #a4af in*es & #a4jc in*es1 respectively1 & x weighs 4#hji ounce4 ,! mat]ial is ! nephrite v>iety ( jade1 ! color be+ cl\d$ gray ) v d>k br[n ve9+s4 ,! r+s ( ?is type 7 worn on ! ?umb ( ! left h& to protect x f injury by ! b[/r+ aft] ! dis*>ge ( ! arr[4 ,! d>k ve9+ results f ! fill+ ( ! fissures 9 ! mat]ial ) "s br[ni%-black sub/ance2 x is an excell5t example ( ! amphibolic alt]ation ( jadeite1 :i* is %[n by *emical analysis to be pres5t "h to ! am\nt ( #d4ae p] c5t4 7,no4 #ccj ( ! collection74 ,a rec5t type ( ar*]'s ?umb r+ 9 ?is collection1 ( ! ,*'i5-,lung p]iod 7#agcf-agie ,a4,d471 is ( cyl9drical =m1 ! ?ick solid side bevell$ inw>d at ! base s z to adju/ ! r+ to ! h&2 ! convex top slopes d[nw>d f ! middle4 ,?is is ( a beautiful light em]ald-gre5 jadeite1 cl\d$ "h & !re ) %ades ( gre5i% gray4 ,x has diamet]s ( #a4jf in*es & #a4be in*es1 & weighs ab\t #a ounces4 ,! specific gravity & h>dness are ^? ( ! jadeite v>iety ( jade1 a silicate ( alum9um1 :ile nephrite is a silicate ( magnesium 7,no4 #ejh74 ,! ,bi%op ,collection also conta9s two ar*]s' r+s ( ! orig9al type1 ) a wide flange on ! l[] side4 ,^! are entirely ( c>nelian1 & are repres5tative ( ! k9d really us$ by ar*]s4 ,! great] "p ( ! ?umb-r+s1 _m ( !m call$ m or less loosely 8ar*]s' r+s10 7 nev] design$ = any su* special use1 b con/itute a modification ( ! orig9al =m to suit !m = habitual we>4 ,inde$1 9 _m cases ! m ornate 7 r us$ z pretty toys to h&le1 z ,ori5tals are fond ( h&l+ gems or small jewels1 ?an = we>4 ,( c\rse ! gradual disuse ( ar*]y 9 milit>y op]ations contribut$ greatly to ! *ange ( fa%ion4 ,9 ?is collection may be se5 a f+]-r+ 7*ih-huan7 ( :ite jade 7nephrite7 set ) jewels4 ,its %ape resembles t ( an ar*]'s r+ & x is decorat$ ) floral designs1 ! effect enhanc$ by sixty preci\s /ones1 compris+ tw5ty-f\r rubies1 ?irty-two em]alds & f\r diamonds4 ,?is r+ is ( ,indian workman%ip1 ^? made 9 ,*9a sc>cely ev] hav+ any preci\s-/one adornm5t4 ,9 ! floral ornam5tation a r[ ( rubies & em]alds cut en cabo*on are outl9$ 9 gold s z to repres5t fl[]s1 :ile 9 ! field are f\r conv5tionaliz$ upright sprays1 ea* compos$ ( ?ree fl[]s1 ! upp] "o a facett$ diamond1 :ile ! lat]al pair are facett$ em]alds4 ,on ! upp] rim an undulat+ floral scroll has /em & leaves ( gold1 & fl[]s set alt]nately ) rubies & em]alds4#age ,at ! "t a ,corean embassy visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahhc1 "o ( its lead+ memb]s 0 ,m9 ,yonk ,ik1 a pr9cely p]sonage1 closely relat$ to ! que5 ( ! c\ntry1 :o br\ght ) him two ?umb-r+s1 :i* he wore1 alt]nately1 on 8 "r h& ?umb4 ,9 ! case ( "o ( ^! r+s ! ,corean mu/ h be5 impos$ ^u by ! sell]1 = he suppos$ x to be jade1 :ile ! pres5t writ]'s exam9ation ( x %[$ t ! mat]ial 0 m]ely s]p5t9e4 ,its outside diamet] 0 #cd mm4 7#a 9471 ! inside diamet] be+ #bb mm4 7ab\t 9471 ! l5g?1 or height1 0 #bh4e mm4 7#a 9474 ,?is r+ 0 describ$ by ! writ] 9 #ahhd1 9 ,sci5ce2 9 ! succe$+ ye> he _h occasion to correct a /atem5t t x 0 an ar*]'s r+4#agf ,! ,corean wom5 commonly we> two r+s1 always exactly simil> 9 e respect4 ,z a rule !y are p]fectly pla91 ( oval =m1 ! mat]ial be+ gold1 silv]1 amb] or coral4 ,! coral 0 usually import$ f ,*9a4 ,! ,*9ese ambassador1 ,wu ,t+ ,fang1 wore a jade r+ 9 :i* 0 a ?ick plate ( gold to r$uce ! size4 ,"s ( ! m beautiful are ( ! pale gre5 jade1 kn[n by ! ,*9ese z fei ts'ui1 or 8k+fi%]-plumes40 ,_m ( ^! r+s are exce$+ly co/ly2 :5 made ( "s piece ( jade possess+ v exceptional qualities ( color & surface1 a ?umb-r+ may co/ z mu* z #aj1jjj1 or ev5 #ae1jjj4 ,incid5tally1 x %\ld be not$ t ,wu ,t+ ,fang is an excell5t judge ( preci\s /ones4 ,ar*]s' r+s are made by ,*9ese & ,man*us1 ,turks & ,p]sians1 :o release ! arr[ accord+ to ,asiatic /yle1 ! b[/r+ be+ held by ! b5t ?umb4 ,9 ,*9a !y ev5tually became ! insignia ( milit>y rank1 & 7 ( jade1 or a glass imitation ( jade2 ! latt] are ! k9d usually to be f\nd 9 curio %ops4 ,! ,japanese did n use !m1 ! ar*]s we>+ a glove ) a horn ?umb-piece4 ,?is type ( glove 01 h[ev]1 n us$ by ! ,japanese swordsm51 z ! /iff ?umb-piece w\ld h h9d]$ ! free use ( ! h&4#agg ,an engrav$ f+] r+ entirely ( milk-:ite jade is 9 ! ,b]l9 ,m9]alogical ,museum1 & 9 ! collection ( ,dr4 ,david ,wis]1 ( ,zuri*1 !re is a jade r+-sett+ on :i* is engrav$ a scorpion4 ,?is image 0 believ$ to l5d to ! object s engrav$ a talismanic virtue4 ,a slab ( jade 9 ! ,freiburg ,museum be>s ! c>efully engrav$ figure ( a scorpion & is consid]$ to be an amulet4 ,! s\rce ( ?is specim5 & ! place & "t 9 :i* x 0 engrav$ h n be5 accurately asc]ta9$4#agh ,! ,pueblo ,bonito ru9s 9 ,new ,mexico h furni%$ u ) a fragm5t ( a jet r+4 ,! portion rema9+ ( ?is r+ %[s t x mu/ h _h a diamet] ( ab\t #b4c c5timetres1 ! wid? ( ! b& be+ #a4d c5timetres4 ,app>5tly "s accid5t befell ! orig9al r+1 caus+ "p ( ! brittle mat]ial to *ip (f1 = 9 ! section t has be5 pres]v$ a piece ( jet1 z wide z ! b& & #i millimetres across1 has be5 inlaid 9 ! body ( ! r+4 ,?is 0 cut away to a dep? ( a millimetre1 & ! concave-convex inlay 0 !n glu$ on4#agi ,! gold-plat+ ( bronze r+s dates back to ! ,myc5an p]iod1 & ,ionic silv] r+s ) gold plat+ 7 made 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c42 ,cypriote bronze r+s ( ab\t ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 h also be5 f\nd4 ,:]e1 z 9 _m cases1 m]e gild+ has be5 resort$ to1 only traces ( ?is may rema9 aft] ! lapse ( c5turies4#ahj ,we note else:]e ! gold-plat$ iron r+s worn by "s ,roman slaves to evade ! p5alty impos$ ^u ^? :o illegally wore gold r+s4 ,glass r+s are frequ5tly made at ,murano & o!r places 9 ,italy ( ! s-call$ 8gold /one10 av5tur9e1 or ,v5ice gold /one4 ,!y are v inexp5sive & are g5]ally worn by *ildr5 or "y girls4 ,mosaic r+s are ^? 9 :i* ! upp] "p ( ! r+ conta9s ei!r a ,byzant9e mosaic made up ( color$ glass or o!r mat]ial1 or a ,flor5t9e mosaic1 9 :i* %ell1 m>ble & o!r mat]ials are set 9 slate or m>ble sett+s4 ,bohemian g>net r+s are g5]ally made ( facett$1 rose cut1 or cabo*on cut g>nets1 set usually 9 #h to #ad c>at gold4 ,!y are made 9 ,prague & o!r cities 9 ,bohemia1 ! g>net mat]ial1 ( ! pyrope v>iety1 com+ l>gely f ! m9es at ,m]onitz1 ,bohemia4 ,among ! *eap mat]ials t h be5 us$ on occasion = mak+ r+s1 are horse%oe nails1 :i* may p]haps be suppos$ to possess "s ( ! wond]ful talismanic p[] accord$ by popul> fancy to ! horse%oe4 ,! nails are m or less skilfully twi/$ into a r+ =m1 & are at lea/ z durable z o!r =ms ( iron r+s4 ,an extraord9>y mat]ial comb9ation = ! sub/ance ( r+s1 is t ( dynamite & pewt]4 ,at pres5t :5 ! w>-fev] has seiz$ ^u almo/ all civiliz$ peoples1 we might accord to ! dynamite 9 ?is composition a symbolic m>tial mean+4 ,:at risk !re might be ( ! pa9ful results ( w> befall+ ! we>] ( a dynamite r+ ?r\gh its detonat+ unexpect$ly because ( "s p[]ful %ock1 is p]haps too slight to det] ^? :o are 9 eag] pursuit ( novelties4 ,! pale alloy ( gold1 kn[n z electrum1#aha 0 favor$ = r+-mak+ 9 ,ori5tal ,greece1 & is t]m$ 8:ite gold0 9 anci5t inv5tories4 ,?us 9 an inv5tory ( ! temple treasures ( ,eleusis1 made 9 #ccb ,b4,c41 !re is m5tion ( 8two pla9 gold r+s ( :ite gold40#ahb ,"s ,ionic r+s ( ! fif? c5tury1 ,b4,c4 f ,cyprus are also ( ?is metallic composition4 ,( gold r+s set ) /ones1 a ,p>!non inv5tory ( #dbb ,b4,c4 li/s "o ) an onyx1 p]haps a sc>aboid1 & 9 a ,delos inv5tory ( #bgi ,b4,c41 !re is "o ) an an?rax1 probably a g>net4 ,! v>iation ( ! phras+ 9 ^! two m5tions1 ! =m] nam+ an onyx hav+ a r+ ( gold1 :ile ! latt] speaks ( a 8gold r+ hav+ a g>net10 might be tak5 to indicate t ! onyx 0 a l>ge object comp>$ ) ! hoop1 & ! g>net a relatively small "o4#ahc ,9 ! ma/]piece ( anci5t ,greek romantic prose lit]ature1 ! ?iopica ( ,heliodorus 7fl4 ab4 #djj ,a4,d471 p]haps ,heliodorus ,bi%op ( ,tricca1 ! writ] describes a spl5did r+ giv5 by ,kalasiris to ,nausikles4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! royal jewels ( ! ,k+ ( ,e?iopia4 ,! hoop 0 ( electrum1 & 9 ! bezel 0 set a beautiful ame?y/ engrav$ ) a design %[+ a %eph]d pa/ur+ 8 flock4#ahd ,heliodorus especially dwells ^u ! fact t ?is 0 an ,e?iopian 7probably an ,indian7 ame?y/1 ?is v>iety f> surpass+ ^? f ,ib]ia 7! ,spani% ,p59sula7 & ,brita94 ,9 ! v successful r5d]+ ( ?is ,greek passage by ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ! contra/ betwe5 ! =m] & ! latt] is ?us gracefully express$3#ahe ,= ! latt] blu%es ) a feeble hue1 & is l a rose j unfold+ its leaves f out ( ! bud1 & beg9n+ to be t+$ ) r$ by ! sunbeams4 ,b 9 ! ,e?iopian ,ame?y/1 out ( its dep? flames =? l a tor* a pure & z x 7 ,spr+-l beauty2 & if y turn x ab\t z y hold x1 x %oots out a gold5 lu/re1 n dazzl+ ! sight by its fi]c5ess1 b respl5d5t ) *e]fulness4 ,moreov]1 a m g5u9e nature is inh]5t 9 x ?an is possess$ by any br\ght f ! ,we/1 = x does n belie its appellation1 b proves 9 reality to ! we>] an antidote aga9/ intoxication1 pres]v+ him sob] 9 ! mid/ ( dr9k+-b\ts4 ,9 8 8,rape ( ! ,lock10 ,pope writes ( ,bel9da's gold5 hair-bodk91 t ! metal _h orig9ally be5 work$ up into r+s & !n into a gold buckle1 ?us ! gold 0 ,! same1 8 anci5t p]sonage to deck ,h] great-great-gr&sire wore ab\t 8 neck ,9 ?ree seal-r+s1 :i*1 aft] melt$ d[n1 ,=m$ "o huge buckle = 8 wid['s g[n4 ,besides ! preci\s metals _m o!r mat]ials 7 us$ 9 anci5t times = r+s4 ,?us a few lead5 r+s h be5 pres]v$1 a numb] ( !m hav+ be5 une>!d 9 a tomb at ,b5ev5tum4 ,! ca/+ has be5 r\ghly done1 )\t f9i%+ t\*es4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t 9 view ( ! r>ity ( lead5 r+s1 ! l>ge numb] f\nd 9 ?is tomb may be tak5 to indicate t ! deceas$ _h be5 a manufactur] ( r+s ( ?is k9d4 ,f ,tanagra comes a lead5 r+ ( great size2 z x is too l>ge = we>1 x might be reg>d$ z a votive (f]+ to a %r9e or temple4 ,glass r+s 7 also us$ at times = ?is purpose by ! poor] classes1 an example ( su* a r+ be+ li/$ among ! possessions ( ! temple ( ,asklepios at ,a!ns z e>ly z ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! manufacture ( glass r+s 0 q ext5sively c>ri$ on 9 ,alex&ria4 ,9 "o case ! bezel _h be5 adorn$ ) a pa9t+ ( a woman's head1 ov] :i* 0 plac$ a transluc5t glass plate4 ,?is 0 f\nd at ! ,rosetta ,gate1 ,alex&ria4#ahf ,an ivory r+ ( ,roman times1 lat] provid$ ) a b& ( silv]1 is not$ 9 ! descriptive catalogue ( ! ,royal ,museum at ,budape/4 ,x is ( oval =m & arti/ically engrav$ ) ! seat$ figure ( a milit>y lead] clo!d ) a mantle1 ! left h& ext5d$ z ?\gh deliv]+ a spee*2 9 8 "r h& he holds a spe>4 ,beh9d him is a trophy1 & be=e him /&s a ,roman soldi] fully arm$4 ,engrav$ ivory r+s f ,greek or ,roman times are r>e1 j z are engrav$ amb] r+s4 ,! trophy emblem d5otes t ?is r+ commemorat$ "s triumph1 or victory4#ahg ,a 8,/4 ,m>t9's r+0 _h become1 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 a "n = a brummagem r+1 z is %[n among o!r examples by ! foll[+ satirical passage f a book entitl$ 8,:imsies1 or a new ,ca/ ( ,*>act]s10 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #afca3 8,/4 ,m>t9's ,r+s & c\nt]feit bracelets are commodities ( inf9ite consequ5ce2 !y w passe curr5t at a may-pole1 & pur*ase favor f _! ,may ,m>ian40 ,a r>e tract call$ 8,! ,capta9's ,commonweal?0 7#afag7 says t k9dness 0 n l al*emy or a ,/4 ,m>t9's r+1 8t are faire to ! eye & h a ri* outside2 b if a man %\ld breake !m asund]s1 & looke into !m1 !y are no?+ b brasse & copp]40 ,! mak]s1 or v5dors ( ^! r+s liv$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ! collegiate *ur* ,/4 ,m>t9's-le-,gr&1 & _h long enjoy$ a c]ta9 immunity f prosecution "u ! laws prohibit+ ! manufacture ( ornam5ts made 9 imitation ( g5u9e gold or silv] ones4 ,! gild+ or silv]+ ( broo*es or r+s made ( copp] or latt51 is prohibit$ by an ord9ance ( ,h5ry ,,iv 7#adjd71 & ano!r ( ,edw>d ,,iv 79 #adfd71 :i*1 :ile pron\nc+ x to be unlawful to import r+s ( gild$ copp] or latt51 expressly decl>$ t ! act %\ld n be con/ru$ z mean+ any?+ prejudicial to "o ,rob]t ,/yll+ton1 cl]k1 dean ( ! ,k+'s free *apel ( 8,/4 ,m>t9 le ,graund de ,londres0 or to any p]son or p]sons dwell+ )9 ?is sanctu>y or prec9cts1 or :o might 9 aft] "t dwell !re1 or m especially 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane4#ahh ,r+s set ) preci\s /ones1 o!r ?an turquoises & pe>ls1 c be safely clean$ ) w>m wat]1 :ite soap & a trifle ( ammonia4 ,! wa% %\ld be appli$ ) a s(t old too?-bru%1 s z to cleanse ! spaces betwe5 ! fill+ & ! /one-sett+4 ,a little poli%+ (f ) a s(t *amois w ?or\ghly re/ore ! brilliancy ( ! /one4 ,turquoise or pe>l r+s1 h[ev]1 ne$ m c>eful treatm5t & ! above directions d n apply 9 _! case4 ,,iii ,,signet ,,r+s ,if we pass ov] ! sc5e betwe5 ,judah & 8 daught]-9-law ,tam>1 relat$ 9 ,g54 xxxvii1 #ab-bf1 :]e ! patri>* leaves 8 signet 7n necess>ily a signet r+7 8 bracelets & 8 /aff1 z pl$ges = a promis$ gift1 ! e>lie/ ,hebrew notice ( a r+ is 9 ,g5esis xlii1 #db1 :]e we read t 9 return = ! int]pretation ( 8 dream & = ! valuable c\nsel z to lay+ up a /ock ( gra9 9 ,egypt to =e/all a com+ fam9e1 ! ,ph>aoh ( ! "t 8took (f 8 r+ f 8 h&1 & put x ^u ,joseph's h&40 ,?is might ref] to a p]iod ab\t #afjj ,b4,c41 or possibly some:at e>li]1 always provid+ ! tradition be accept$ z 9 a c]ta9 s5se exact4 ,c5turies lat]1 9 ! ,des]t1 :5 ! ,"l comm&$ (f]+s = ! ,tab]nacle1 ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 & = ! ephod & brea/plate1 among ! gifts pr(f]$ are enum]at$ 8bracelets1 e>r+s1 & r+s0 7,exodus1 xxxv1 #bb74 ,! ,book ( ,daniel1 writt5 n e>li] ?an ! six? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 & m probably1 9 its pres5t =m1 a "w ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 relat+ ! imprisonm5t ( ,daniel 9 ! lions' d51 /ates t :5 at ! reluctant comm& ( ,k+ ,d>ius he 0 %ut up !re91 8a /one 0 br\ght1 & laid ^u ! m\? ( ! d52 & ! k+ seal$ x ) 8 own signet1 & ) ! signet ( 8 lords0 7,dan4 vi1 #ag74 ,/ill1 ^! might h be5 ( ! well-kn[n ,babylonian type ( 8roll+ seals0 & n r+s4 ,! ,book ( ,e/h]1 h[ev]1 ( lat] date ?an ,daniel1 makes def9ite m5tion ( ! signet r+ ( ! ,p]sian mon>* call$ ,ahasu]us 7,artax]xes7 9 ! ,biblical text1 & :ile ! recital c sc>cely be accept$ z hi/orical 9 any s5se1 ! details ( cu/om & adornm5t are probably q tru/wor?y4 ,on inve/+ ,haman ) a great au?ority1 ,ahasu]us 8took 8 r+ f 8 h& & gave x unto ,haman10 :]eupon ! latt] summon$ ! k+'s scribes & _h !m write lett]s to ! prov9cial gov]nors--in/ruct+ ! latt] to kill all ! ,jews 9 ! k+dom on ! ?irte5? day ( ! mon? ,ad>2 ea* ( ^! lett]s 0 8seal$ ) ! k+'s r+40 ,be=e ?is dire disa/] c\ld be consummat$1 ! royal favor 0 g5tly sway$ 9 an opposite direction by ! grace & *>m ( ,e/h]1 ! ,hebrew favorite ( ! sov]eign1 & ! wick$ ,haman 0 hang$ on ! tall gall[s he _h set up = ,mordecai1 ,e/h]'s gu>dian1 on :om ! r+ /ript f ,haman's h& 0 be/[$4 ,9 spite ( ! some:at confus$ recital1 "o po9t is always /rongly br\ght out1 t ! impression ( ! royal signet imp>t$ to lett]s or docum5ts ! quality ( royal ord9ances4 ,9 ,p]sia ! p[] & au?ority attribut$ to ! r+ ( ! sov]eign is not$ by ! ,p]sian poet ,unsuri 7fl4 #ajjj ,a4,d471 & 9 ! leg5ds ( t l& ! fam\s ?\gh fabul\s h]o-k+1 ,jem%id1 is said to h _h a magic r+ ( wondr\s p[]4 ,among ! ,p]sians1 z 9 _m o!r ,ori5tal c\ntries1 ! signet-r+ 0 long consid]$ to be a symbol ( au?ority4#ahi ,! gold r+ ( ,que5 ,ht%epset 7ab\t #aejj ,b4,c471 consort ( ,?o?mes ,,ii1 ^: pr5om51 ,mat-ka-,ra1 signifies 8fle% & blood ( ,am5 ,ra10 is set ) a lapis lazuli sc>ab inscrib$ ) ! above words4#aij ,ano!r r+ ) lapis lazuli sett+ is t ( ,?o?mes ,,iii1 ^: titles1 ,beautiful ,god1 ,conqu]or ( ,all ,l&s1 ,m5-khep]-,ra1 are inscrib$ on "o side ( ! rectangul> /one above a design repres5t+ a man-head$ lion 9 ! act ( cru%+ a pro/rate foe ) 8 paw4#aia ,a /eatite sc>ab1 set 9 a gold r+1 be>s ! "n ( ,ptah-mes1 a high prie/ ( ,memphis4#aib ,ano!r /eatite r+-sc>ab is inscrib$ ) ! "n & title ( ,%a%ank ,i1 ! ,%i%ak ( ! ,bible1 :o reign$ ab\t #iff ,b4,c4#aic ,! gold signet r+ ( ,aah-hotep ,i1 que5 ( ,seq55ra ,,iii 7#afaj-aeig ,b4,c47 ( ! ,,xvii ,dyna/y1 0 f\nd ) a weal? ( o!r jewels at ,draa-abul-,nega1 ! nor!rn & mo/ anci5t "p ( ! ,!ban necropolis4 ,?is que5 _h an unusually long & ev5tful life4 ,! records cle>ly indicate t %e mu/ h be5 "o hundr$ ye>s old1 or v ne>ly t age1 at ! "t ( h] dea?1 & :ile h] y\? 0 pass$ at ! end ( ! p]iod ( ! oppressive rule ( ! =eign ,hyksos k+s1 %e liv$ to witness ! glori\s revival ( native ,egyptian rule "u h] husb&1 son & gr&son4 ,?is r+ is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre ,museum4#aid ,an int]e/+ ,egyptian signet be>s ! c>t\*e ( ,khufu1 ! second rul] ( ! ,,iv ,dyna/y 7ab4 #cifi-cijh71 ! ,*eops ( ! ,greeks 7,mane?o's ,suphis71 9 ^: reign ! greate/ ( ! pyramids 0 built4 ,! wor%ip ( ,khufu cont9u$ to a late p]iod ( ,egyptian hi/ory1 & ?is signet belong$ to a ,ra-nef]-ab1 prie/ or keep] ( ! pyramid "u ! ,,xxvi ,dyna/y1 #ffd-ebe ,b4,c4#aie ,! r+ is ( f9e gold1 & weighs ne>ly ounce2 x 0 f\nd at ,ghizeh by ,colonel ,vyse1 9 a tomb kn[n z ,campbell's ,tomb1 & 0 acquir$ 9 ,egypt by ,dr4 ,abbott1 :o ga!r$ toge!r a *oice collection ( ,egyptian antiquities dur+ a resid5ce ( tw5ty ye>s 9 ,egypt4 ,9 #ahfj1 ?is collection 0 giv5 to ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society ?r\gh ! lib]ality ( citiz5s ( ,new ,york4#aif ,! r+s ( ! ,m9oan & ,myc5an p]iods f ab\t #agjj ,b4,c4 to #ajjj ,b4,c4 (f] a great v>iety ( engrav$ designs1 "s 9 relief & o!rs 9 intaglio1 b all de/9$ x seems = use z signets4 ,und\bt$ly ^! r+s d]ive 9 ! la/ in/ance f ,egyptian influ5ce1 _! especial *>act]i/ics1 h[ev]1 are e>ly ,greek1 b r>ely ,egyptian1 z 9 ! case ( a bronze r+ ) a sph9x 9 relief f\nd 9 ! necropolis ( ,zaf] ,pap\ra ne> ,knossos 9 ,crete4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man1 ,,by ,,lucas ,,crana* ,,! ,,eld] 7#adgb-aeec7 ,seal r+ on index ( left h& ) pla9 r+ b5ea? x2 r+ ) preci\s /one sett+ on little f+] ( ! same h& ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,ka?>9a ,,a$]1 ,,wife ,,( ,,mel*[ ,,hanlo*]1 ,,by ,,hans ,,bock ,,! ,,eld] ,gem & s]p5t r+ on "r =ef+]1 & ?ree r+s on left f\r? f+] ,art ,gall]y at ,basel1 ,switz]l& ,_m ( ! ,myc5an engrav$ r+s 7 evid5tly n int5d$ to be us$ = seal+1 z ! intaglio is frequ5tly v %all[1 & z ! prop] position ( ! p>ts ( ! body w\ld n be rightly %[n 9 an impression4 ,h5ce ^! r+s mu/ h be5 design$ simply = we> z ornam5ts4 ,! hoop is (t5 a/oni%+ly small1 s mu* s t x w n pass d[n onto ! ?ird f+]-jo9t ( an av]age man's h&1 & w\ld only fit ! v sl5d] f+] ( a woman4#aig ,"s rem>kably f9e r+s are 9 ! ,cesnola ,collection ( ,cypriote ,antiquities 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york4 ,among !m two s]p5t9e r+s ( gold are well wor? not+4 ,9 "o ( ^! ! coil has six turns :i* are braz$ toge!r2 at ei!r end is a ram's head4 ,! o!r r+ %[s a s]p5t ( two full coils1 ) erect head & curv$ neck & tail2 scales are m>k$ at ! ends4 ,! b&s ( ! r+ are smoo? & pla94#aih ,_m ( ! r+s are ( ! swivel type & are set ) arti/ically engrav$ sc>abs4 ,9 "o ( ^! ! sc>ab is ( gre5 plasma1 transluc5t b some:at cl\d$2 ! cutt+ is well execut$4 ,! bottom %[s two wre/l]s1 ea* entirely nude ) ! exception ( a %ort ribb$ apron ab\t ! lo9s4 ,beh9d ea* is an erect uru 7! s]p5t emblem ( ,egyptian div9ities & k+s71 ) w+s l ^? ( ! goddess ,mut1 ext5d$ 9 protection4 ,betwe5 ! wre/l]s1 on ! gr\nd1 is an object resembl+ a wolf's head4 ,! b[ & collet ( ?is signet are ( gold4 ,! plasma sc>ab 9 ano!r ( ^! swivel r+s has be5 pron\nc$ to be a p]fect example ( ?is =m4 ,! /one is a pure gre5 & ! sc>ab has be5 decorat$ ) two seat$1 w+$ &rosph9xes 7) man's head & lion's body71 ! paws rais$ be=e ! sacr$ tree betwe5 !m2 ! symbol ( lord%ip1 neb1 is plac$ bel[4 ,! hoop is a pla91 ?9 wire4#aii ,two massive ivory r+s 7 f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( excavations at ,salamis1 on ! isl& ( ,cyprus4 ,"o 0 set ) an oval disk ( gre5 glass1 & 0 ( ! type us$ = seal+ amphor ( w9e4 ,! o!r be>s ! head ( a woman 9 bas-relief2 ?is is probably a cameo ( ,ars9o4#bjj ,! /ory ( ! r+ ( ,polycrates1 tyrant ( ,samos 7d4 #ebb ,b4,c471 is relat$ by ,h]odotus#bja 7b4 #dhd ,b4,c471 :o1 writ+ less ?an a c5tury aft] ! dea? ( ,polycrates1 may probably give u ! ma9 facts ) reasonable accuracy4 ,accord+ to ?is acc\nt1 ,polycrates _h =m$ an alliance ) ,amasis1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 & ! latt] began to fe> t ! unbrok5 good =tune ( ! ,samian rul] w\ld ar\se ! jeal\sy ( ! gods2 he !re=e c\nsell$ ,polycrates to ?r[ away 8 mo/ priz$ treasure4 ,?is 0 a spl5did em]ald1 set 9 a gold r+1 & engrav$ by ,!odorus ( ,samos1 ! supreme ma/] ( ! art ( gem engrav+ 9 t age4 ,acc$+ to ! reque/ ( ,amasis1 ,polycrates sail$ out to sea on "o ( 8 %ips & ca/ ! preci\s r+ into ! wat]s4 ,h[ev]1 ! gods refus$ ! gift1 = n long aft]w>d ! tyrant's *ief cook br\ght him back ! r+1 :i* _h j be5 f\nd 9 cutt+ up a fi%4 ,news ( ?is occurr5ce 0 s5t to ,amasis1 :o imm$iately broke (f ! alliance1 s9ce he believ$ t ! gods 7 implacable1 & w\ld visit ,polycrates ) d[nfall & de/ruction4 ,?is1 inde$1 prov$ to be ! case1 z a few ye>s lat] ! tyrant 0 inveigl$ into ! p[] ( ,ortes1 a ,p]sian satrap1 & 0 put to dea? by crucifixion4 ,! design engrav$ ^u ?is r+ 0 a lyre1 if we c tru/ ! /atem5t to ?is effect made c5turies lat] by ,clem5s ,alex&r9us4#bjb ,/range to say ,pl9y1 :o relates ! /ory q fully1 ass]ts t 9 ! ,temple ( ,concord !re 0 %[n ! suppos$ gem ( ! fam\s r+ ( ,polycrates4 ,?is 0 an un5grav$ s>donyx1 set 9 a gold5 cornucopia1 & _h be5 d$icat$ to ! temple by ,augu/us4 ,pl9y is c>eful to write 8if we may believe10 9 report+ ?is almo/ c]ta9ly spuri\s treasure ( ! ,temple ( ,concord4 ,probably ! attribution 0 no?+ m ?an an inv5tion ( ! cu/odians to enli/ ! int]e/ ( visitors4 ,a corroboration to a c]ta9 ext5t ( ! tradition t ! seal ( ,polycrates 0 cut on an em]ald is giv5 by ! exi/5ce ( a small engrav$ em]ald ( ab\t ?is p]iod1 f\nd 9 ,cyprus1 & evid5tly ( ,phnician workman%ip4 ,x be>s ! figure ( a sov]eign hold+ a sceptre 9 "o h& & an axe 9 ! o!r2 on 8 head is a high ti>a & ! arrangem5t ( hair & be>d1 z well z ! dress & o!r details1 are ( gypto-,syrian type4 ,?is gem =m$ "p ( ! ,tyszkiewicz ,collection4#bjc ,9 a rec5tly publi%$ "w1 ,m4 ,salomon ,re9a*1 ( ! ,national ,museum at ,/4 ,g]ma9-en-,laye1 an ar*ologi/ ( ! highe/ repute1 makes a curi\s conjecture 9 reg>d to ! real significance ( ! /ory relat$ by ,h]odotus reg>d+ ?is signet4 ,m4 ,re9a* holds t :5 ,polycrates sail$ out to sea to ca/ away 8 r+1 he 0 engag$ 9 ! p]=mance ( a c]emony simil> to t p]=m$ annually by ! ,doges ( ,v5ice1 :5 !y w$d$ ! ,adriatic by ca/+ a r+ into its wat]s4 ,polycrates1 z a 8?alassocrat10 or rul] ( ! sea1 celebrat$ 9 ?is way 8 ma/]y ov] ?is elem5t1 & ,m4 ,re9a* believes t ?is act1 told z an isolat$ happ5+ by ,h]odotus1 0 really a c]emony repeat$ ea* ye>4 ,! conjecture is an +5i\s "o1 al?\gh x may n be g5]ally accept$4#bjd ,! signet ( ! ,p]sian sov]eign1 ,x]xes1 is said to h borne ! nude figure ( a woman ) di%evel$ hair4#bje ,?is depict$ ,anahita1 ! ,p]sian goddess ( f]tilization & also ( w>1 a div9ity closely resembl+ ! ,assyrian ,i%t> 9 h] attributes & functions4 ,accord+ to o!r anci5t au?orities1 h[ev]1 ! design 0 ei!r a portrait ( ,x]xes himself1 t ( ,cyrus ! ,great1 or else a repres5tation ( ! horse ^: neigh+ leg5d /ates to h be5 receiv$ z an om5 det]m9+ ! *oice ( ,d>ius ,hy/aspes1 fa!r ( ,x]xes1 z ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,9 ,grco-,roman times1 a c]ta9 ,eurates is repres5t$ to be ! own] ( a r+ set ) an engrav$ signet be>+ ! head ( ! ,py?ian ,apollo1 & to h boa/$ t ! r+ lit]ally 8spoke0 to him4 ,( c\rse1 ! satiri/ ,lucian1 :o tells ?is tale1 only (f]s x z a specim5 ( ! lies told by ,eurates1 /ill ! recital indicates t su* fables 7 cr$it$ 9 ! second c5tury ( our era4#bjf ,ano!r sup]/iti\s use ( signet r+s 0 to ?r[ a numb] ( !m into a heap & pull out "o at r&om1 ! design engrav$ on ! signet be+ int]pret$ z a favorable or unfavorable om51 :i* =etold ! outcome ( any contemplat$ action4 ,an in/ance ( ?is appe>s 9 ,plut>*'s life ( ,timoleon 7d4 #ccg ,b4,c471 ! ,greek g5]al :o fre$ ,syracuse f ! tyrant ,dionysius4 ,9 "o ( 8 campaigns ! enemy _h tak5 up a /rong position beh9d a riv]1 :i* ! troops ( ,timoleon 7 =c$ to =d4 ,a noble rivalry sprang up among ! (fic]s z to :o %\ld be ! fir/ to ent] ! riv]1 & ,timoleon1 fe>+ t confusion w\ld result f ! dispute1 decid$ to settle ! "q by lot4 ,!re=e he took f ea* ( ! (fic]s 8 signet r+1 ca/ !m into 8 own cloak1 %ook !m toge!r1 & drew out "o1 :i* =tunately bore ! figure ( a trophy4 ,?is 0 hail$ z a good om51 ! qu>rel 0 =gott51 & ! /ream 0 =d$ s impetu\sly1 & ! attack 0 s vigor\s t ! enemy 0 ov]:elm$4#bjg ,aft] 8 ,p]sian conque/s1 9 #cca ,b4,c41 ,alex&] ! ,great seal$ ! lett]s he s5t to ,europe ) 8 old seal1 :ile = ^? s5t to function>ies 9 8 new ,asiatic doma9s he us$ ! seal ( ,d>ius ,,iii1 ,codomannus 7reign$ #ccf-ccj ,b4,c471 ^: daught] ,/atira he aft]w>ds w$d$4 ,qu9tus ,curtius reg>ds ?is z emblematic ( ! idea t a s+le m9d 0 n wide en\gh to embrace two su* de/9ies1#bjh b ! true reason 0 und\bt$ly t ! ,asiatic (ficials 7 already famili> ) ! ,p]sian sov]eign's seal & 7 accu/om$ to r5d] x due ob$i5ce4 ,! emblem ( ! an*or us$ by ! ,seleucid1 ! dyna/y f\nd$ 9 ,syria by ,seleucus ,nicator1 "o ( ,alex&]'s g5]als1 is said to h orig9at$ 9 a /range dream ( ,laodicea1 "m ( ,seleucus & wife ( ,antio*us4 ,"o night %e dreamt t %e 0 visit$ by ! ,god ,apollo1 & t he be/[$ ^u h] a r+ set ) a /one on :i* an an*or 0 engrav$4 ,?is 0 to be giv5 to ! son %e 0 to be>4 ,z su* a r+ 0 f\nd 9 ! room ! next morn+1 ! dream seem$ to be ?or\ghly corroborat$1 &1 moreov]1 :5 ,seleucus 0 born1 he _h on 8 ?igh ! bir?m>k ( an an*or4 ,subsequ5t to ,alex&]'s dea? 9 #cbc ,b4,c41 ,seleucus f\nd$1 9 #cab ,b4,c4 ! k+dom ( ,syria1 :i* 0 transmitt$ to a long s]ies ( 8 desc5dants1 ea* ( :om 9 turn is said to h borne a simil> bir?m>k4#bji ,illu/ration3 ,,c>d9al ,,( ,,br&5burg1 ,,by ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,m>y ,seal r+ on index ( "r h&2 r+s set ) preci\s /ones on f\r? & little f+]s ( ! same h& ,reale ,gall]ia ,nazionale1 ,rome ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"m ,,& ,,h] ,,daught]1 ,,by ,,b>?olomew ,,bruyn ,?ree r+s on "r h&1 "o ) a po9t$ diamond2 also ?ree r+s on left h&1 two on index f+]2 ! "o on ! f\r? f+] set ) two pe>ls ,imp]ial ,h]mitage1 ,petrograd ,9 ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod 7ca4 #cjj ,b4,c4-ca4 #ajj ,b4,c47 signet r+s entirely ( metal l>gely gave place to ^? 9 :i* ! seal 0 engrav$ on a /one set 9 a metal r+4 ,*alc$ony cont9u$ to be freely us$ = ?is purpose1 b ! employm5t ( ! *oic] & h>d] preci\s /ones f ,india1 transp>5t & brilliant1 & ( deep] color+1 *>act]izes ?is p]iod4 ,9 ! front rank is ! jac9?1 unkn[n 9 e>li] times1 ) its wond]ful ruddy hues4 ,?is is ! favorite /one ( ! "t4 ,usually ! gem is giv5 a /rongly convex =m 9 ord] to br+ out bett] ! play ( color4 ,sc>cely less favor$ ?an ! jac9?s 7 ! g>nets1 also cut 9 a convex %ape2 9 _m cases ! "u side 0 cut slightly concave to enhance ! effect4 ,evid5tly1 h[ev]1 g>nets 7 less priz$ ?an jac9?s1 = ! engrav+s on ! =m] are almo/ )\t exception mu* inf]ior to ^? on ! latt]4 ,sometimes1 9 ?is p]iod1 un5grav$ g>nets1 cut convex1 are us$ = r+ adornm5t4 ,ano!r preci\s /one t makes its fir/ appe>ance 9 ! ,hell5i/ic epo* is ! b]yl1 :i*1 because ( its co/l9ess1 is m r>ely met ) ?an ^? we h already m5tion$4 ,x is only us$ = ! v f9e/ "w1 z is also ! case ) ! topaz4 ,! ame?y/1 :i* _h almo/ gone out ( fa%ion 9 ! prec$+ p]iods1 0 n[ re/or$ to favor1 pr9cipally because ( its beautiful color2 l ! o!r /ones1 x 0 cut convex4 ,rock cry/al 0 /ill us$1 z 7 also c>nelian & s>donyx4#baj ,t cruel p]secutor ( ! ,jews1 ,antio*us ,,iv1 ,epiphanes 7#age-afd ,b4,c471 on 8 dea?-b$1 confid$ to 8 mo/ tru/$ c\ncillor1 ,philip1 ! signet r+ f 8 f+]1 t x might be held 9 tru/ = 8 son1 a *ild b n9e ye>s old1 until ! latt] %\ld come ( age & ex]cise ! royal au?ority4 ,9 ! mean:ile1 ! grant ( ! signet 0 equival5t to ! be/[al ( ! reg5cy ^u ,philip1 z he _h ! p[] to affix ! royal seal ^u all edicts or ord9ances4 ,! son did n1 h[ev]1 live to receive ! r+1 z he only surviv$ 8 fa!r two ye>s1 al?\gh he 0 a nom9al successor "u ! title1 ,antio*us ,v1 ,eupator4#baa ,two ,greek epigrams 9 ! ,an?ology1 on engrav$ ame?y/s 9 signet r+s1 express ! prevail+ sup]/ition reg>d+ ! sob]+ effect ( ?is preci\s /one2 ^! h be5 v well ,engli%$ by ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+4#bab ,"o1 by ,antipat]1 conc]ns a signet ( ,cleopatra & runs 9 ,k+'s v]sion z foll[s3 ,a ,mnad wild1 on ame?y/ ,i /&1 ,! engrav+ truly ( a skilful h&2 ,a subject =eign to ! sob] /one1 ,b ,cleopatra claims x = h] own2 ,& hall['d by h] t\*1 ! nymph s free ,mu/ quit h] drunk5 mood1 & sob] be4 ,t ?is 0 really a r+-/one is prov$ by ! ,greek words 8on ! que5's h&10 :i* ,k+ has n lit]ally translat$4 ,! image 0 t ( ,me!1 goddess ( intoxication4 ,! o!r epigram is %ort] b to ! same po9t3 ,on w9eless gem1 ,i1 top] ,bac*us1 reign2 ,le>n1 /one1 to dr9k1 or tea* me to ab/a94 ,t admiration ( a "w ( art on ! "p ( an unscrupul\s (ficial is sometimes fraught ) dang] = ! rightful own]%ip ( ! object1 0 illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( a seal r+ belong+ to a ,roman citiz5 ( ,agrig5tum 9 ,sicily4 ,! ar*-pilf]] ,v]res1 ,roman gov]nor ( ! isl& f #gc to #ga ,b4,c41 be+ on "o occasion /ruck by ! beauty ( a seal impression on a lett] j h&$ to 8 int]pret] ,vitellius1 ask$ :5ce ! lett] came & :o 0 ! s5d]4 ,! in=mation 0 ( c\rse quickly giv51 & !reupon ,v]res1 !n 9 ,syracuse1 dictat$ a lett] to 8 repres5tative 9 ,agrig5tum1 requir+ t ! seal r+ %\ld be =w>d$ to ,syracuse )\t delay1 & ! own]1 a c]ta9 ,lucius ,titius1 0 =c$ to give x up to ! unscrupul\s ,roman gov]nor4#bac ,! inju/ice ( ?is act mu/ h be5 felt all ! m ke5ly t ! special & peculi> design on a seal 0 !n reg>d$ z some?+ closely l9k$ ) ! p]sonality ( ! own]4 ,a /rong appeal to ! memories ar\s$ by a signet be>+ ! effigy ( a r5[n$ ance/or1 0 made by ,cic]o 9 "o ( 8 orations aga9/ ,catil9a4 ,he decl>$ t :5 he submitt$ to ,publius ,l5tulus ,sura1 :o 0 involv$ 9 ! great ,catil9ian conspiracy1 an incrim9at+ lett] believ$ to be 81 ask+ him :e!r he did n ackn[l$ge ! seal ) :i* x 0 /amp$1 ,l5tulus nodd$ ass5t4 ,!reupon ,cic]o address$ him 9 ^! words3 8,9 effect ! seal is well kn[n1 x is ! image ( y\r ance/or1 ^: sole love 0 = 8 c\ntry & 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,mute z x is1 ?is image %\ld h suffic$ to hold y alo( f su* a crime40#bad ,:51 aft] ! decisive battle ( ,ph>sala1 ,julius ,cs> came to ,egypt 9 pursuit ( 8 defeat$ adv]s>y1 ,pompey1 he le>n$ t ! latt] _h be5 trea*]\sly assass9at$ by ! ,egyptians1 :o hop$ !reby to ga9 favor ) ! conqu]or4 ,z pro( ( ,pompey's dea?1 8 head 0 br\ght to ,cs>1 :o turn$ away 9 av]sion f ! mess5g] ( dea?4 ,at ! same "t1 ,pompey's signet r+ 0 giv5 to ! victor1 on receiv+ :i* te>s rose to 8 eyes1#bae = no mem5to c\ld be m pot5t ?an su* a r+4 ,cs>'s manife/ation ( grief 0 absolutely free f hypocrisy = he 0 8( a noble g5]\s nature10 & _h long _h ! mo/ fri5dly relations ) ,pompey1 to :om he gave 8 daught] ,julia 9 m>riage1 until ! inevitable rivalry = ! control ( ,rome br\ght !m into enmity4 ,! dea? ( ,julia is said to h contribut$ n a little to ! t]m9ation ( ! fri5d%ip betwe5 ,cs> & ,pompey4 ,/4 ,ambrose answ]+ ! self-pos$ qu]y1 :e!r anyone hav+ an image ( a tyrant 0 liable to puni%m5t1 ass]ts t he rememb]$ to h read t c]ta9 p]sons :o wore r+s be>+ ! effigies ( ,brutus & ,cassius1 ! assass9s ( ,cs>1 _h be5 condemn$ to capital puni%m5t4#baf ,( c\rse1 ! we>+ ( su* a r+ w\ld imply n only an admiration ( ! p]son figur$1 b also devotion to 8 cause4 ,! impr9t ( a proprietor's seal 0 frequ5tly made ^u 8 trees1 & s]v$ to e/abli% 8 own]%ip1 s t /rang]s c\ld h no excuse = cutt+ !m d[n1 or 9 case ( fruit trees1 = pluck+ ! fruit4 ,! degree ( confid5ce repos$ 9 ! seal impression is /rik+ly illu/rat$ by ! acc\nt t :5 ,pompey le>n$ t "s ( 8 soldi]s 7 committ+ atrocities on ! m>*1 he ord]$ t all _! swords %\ld be seal$1 & no "o %\ld remove ! impression )\t hav+ obta9$ p]mission to d s4#bag ,! symbols us$ z m9t-m>ks on anci5t co9s are (t5 reproductions ( ! seals ( ! *ief magi/rate ( ! city or di/rict1 or else ( ! m9t-ma/]4 ,among ^! may be not$ su* types z3 a locu/1 a calf's head1 a danc+ ,satyr1 a "y male head1 a culex 7gnat71 etc4#bah ,a r+ z a m9t-m>k on e>ly ,engli% co9s is a cle> indication t su* co9s 7 /ruck 9 "o ( ! ecclesia/ical m9ts4 ,on a p5ny ( ,/eph5's reign 7#aace-aaed71 f ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york's m9t1 ?is m9t-m>k has be5 made by conv]t+ ! left leaf ( ! fleur-de-lys surm\nt+ ! sceptre into a small annulet4 ,! r+-m>k appe>s on ! co9s ( ,york f ! e>lie/ times1 & is assum$ to h be5 especially favor$ = ! ,engli% ,primate's m9t 9 ref]5ce to ! ,r+ ( ,/4 ,pet]1 or ! ,fi%]man's ,r+4 ,a p5ny1 probably co9$ aft] ! in/allation ( ,ar*bi%op ,william 9 #aada1 appe>s to be "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ?is type4 ,! rev]se gives ,ulf z ! "n ( ! co9] or money]4#bai ,:ile none ( ! signet r+s ( ,roman emp]ors1 or ev5 ( ,romans prom95t 9 ! social or political life ( ! c5turies imm$iately prec$+ & succe$+ ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era1 h be5 pres]v$1 x is possible to le>n f lit]>y s\rces ! devices engrav$ on _m ( !m4 ,scipio ,africanus1 ! conqu]or ( ,hannibal1 _h 8 fa!r's portrait engrav$ on 8 signet1 & 8 son foll[$ ! fa!r's example 9 ?is respect4 ,! idea seems to be an excell5t "o1 z bo? family honor & filial love c\ld ?us f9d expression4 ,! gift$1 b dissolute ,sylla1 9 ! fir/ design he _h cut ^u 8 signet1 s\ght to p]petuate ! memory ( 8 victory ov] ,jugur?a 9 #ajg ,b4,c41 ! ,mauritanian k+ ,boc*us be+ depict$ 9 ! act ( surr5d]+ ,jugur?a4 ,lat] on ,sylla us$ a signet ) ?ree trophies1 & f9ally select$ "o ) a portrait ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,= ,lucullus1 ! great g\rmet & ma/] ( all ! arts ( ,roman luxury1 ! head ( ,ptolemy1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 seem$ ! design be/ fitt$ = 8 signet4 ,! two great rivals1 ,pompey & ,cs>1 *ose widely div]g5t symbols4 ,! =m] wore a signet engrav$ ) a lion be>+ a sword1 :ile on ,cs>'s r+ 0 cut an arm$ ,v5us1 ! ,v5us ,victrix1 f :om ! g5s ,julia claim$ desc5t1 & = ^: /atue ,cs> is said to h br\ght pe>ls f ,brita9 to be set on ! /atue's brea/plate4 ,! fir/ *oice made by ,augu/us 0 a sph9x1 9 symbolical allusion to 8 taciturnity2 lat] 9 8 reign he wore a signet ) ,alex&] ! ,great's head engrav$ !reon1 & f9ally1 mov$ p]haps by ! flatt]ies ( 8 adulators1 he sub/itut$ 8 own image = t ( ! great ,mac$onian4 ,! fam\s lit]>y patron ( ! ,augu/an ,age1 ,mc5as 7d4 #h ,a4,d471 :o 0 at ! same "t a v able /atesman1 *ose ! s+ul> emblem ( a frog4 ,t ! blood?ir/y ,n]o %\ld select a design figur+ a m>tyrdom seems v appropriate1 & 9 ! flay+ ( ,m>syas by ,apollo cut on 8 r+1 he und\bt$ly id5tifi$ himself ) ! sun god & lead] ( ! muses :o took v5geance ^u 8 w\ld-be rival 9 ! musical art4 ,= ,n]o 0 a mo/ devot$ amateur ( ! arts z he und]/ood !m1 & _h sung--9 a /ra9$1 high-pit*$ voice x is said--9 ! !atres ( ,greece1 e>n+ applause en\gh f ! wily ,greeks we may be sure4 ,actuat$ by jeal\sy1 he is said to h _h ! s+] ,m5$emus :ipp$1 & to h w>mly applaud$ 8 8melodi\s0 cries ( agony1 evid5tly rejoic+ 9 hav+ =c$ him to 8s+ ano!r song40 ,galba 7#c-fi ,b4,c471 ,n]o's imm$iate successor1 is said to h us$ successively ?ree signets1 ! fir/ depict+ a dog b5d+ its head b5ea? ! pr[ ( a %ip2 ?is 0 foll[$ by a r+ %[+ a ,victory ) a trophy1 & la/ly came "o be>+ ! effigies ( 8 ance/ors4 ,z 8 reign ( less ?an a ye> seems too %ort = u to suppose t all ^! *anges 7 made 9 t "t1 p]haps only ! la/-m5tion$ r+ 0 ! "o he us$ z emp]or4 ,commodus 7#afa-aib ,a4,d471 ! unwor?y son ( ! philosoph]-emp]or1 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 _h ! figure ( an ,amazon engrav$ = 8 signet1 ?is *oice hav+ be5 made1 s x is said1 because ( ! pleasure he took 9 see+ 8 mi/ress ,m>tia dress$ 9 ?is way4 ,augu/us ,cs> repos$ su* unlimit$ confid5ce 9 8 son-9-law1 ,agrippa1 & 9 8 fri5d & f9ance m9i/]1 ,mc5as1 t he 0 9 ! habit ( confid+ 8 lett]s to !m = correction1 & gave !m p]mission to s5d (f ! correct$ lett]s1 be>+ ! /amp ( 8 signet :i* he _h deposit$ 9 _! *>ge1 )\t submitt+ !m aga9 to him4 ,simil> tru/ 0 repos$ by ,vespasian 9 ,mutianus4#bbj ,! seal 0 /amp$ on a l95 b& pass$ ar\nd ! clos$ tablets on ! inside surfaces ( :i* ! lett] _h be5 writt54 ,! impression1 made :5 ! ends ( ! b& 7 jo9$1 0 ei!r ^u wax1 s(t visc\s e>?1 or ev5 on a mixture ( *alk2 ?is 0 commonly moi/5$ ) saliva be=e ! signet 0 us$1 s t ! engrav$ /one might n adh]e to ! impr9t & c\ld be easily tak5 (f4 ,! be>] ( su* a lett] fully realiz$ 8 responsibility = its deliv]y ) unbrok5 seal1 & g5]ally took pa9s to h ?is duly recogniz$ by ! p]son to :om x 0 address$4#bba ,! p]sonal seal 0 also impress$1 bo? 9 ,roman times & lat]1 ^u all docum5ts private or public4 ,9 ! case ( private docum5ts ! /rictly gu>d$ individuality ( ! seal really af=d$ a v consid]able gu>antee ( ! g5u95ess ( a docum5t4 ,a survival ( ?is is ! common little r$ seal atta*$ n[-a-days to legal docum5ts1 necess>y to _! validity x is true1 b giv+ no possible confirmation ( ! signature4 ,?is latt] 0 9 fact repres5t$ by ! design ( ! old signets4 ,! 8,dream ,book0 ( ,artemidorus relates z an especially direful vision1 t ( "o :o dream$ 8 signet r+ _h dropp$ f 8 f+]1 & t ! engrav$ /one set !re9 _h brok5 into _m fragm5ts1 ! result ( ?is be+ t he c\ld transact no bus9ess = =ty-five days1#bbb presumably until he c\ld h a new signet engrav$4 ,= ! impression ( ! individual signet 0 indisp5sable to give validity to any ord] or agreem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,two brass r+s4 ,roman4 #a1 set ) an inscrib$ agate12 #b1 key-r+1 set ) an engrav$ onyx ,gorlu1 ,dactylio!ca1 ,delphis ,bat41 #afja ,illu/ration3 ,two gold r+s1 ) onyx gems4 ,roman4 #a1 engrav$ ) seat$ figure ( ,c]es2 #b1 design ( dove br++ back ! olive bran* to ! ,ark ,gorlu1 ,dactylio!ca1 ,delphis ,bat41 #afja ,illu/ration3 ,two bronze r+s excavat$ at ! ,bor\gh ,field1 ,*e/]=d1 ,essex1 #ahdh4 ,late ,roman4 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,bone r+ ) grotesque mask c>v$ on bezel4 ,f\nd ne> ! amphi!atre at ,lyons1 ,france4 ,roman4 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,roman gold r+s ( ! ,f\r? ,c5tury ,a4,d4 #a1 set ) plasma bead2 #b1 d\ble r+1 set ) g>nets2 #c1 gold hoop compos$ ( a pla9 b& on ei!r side ( a wavy b&2 set ) a convex plasma2 #d4 set ) convex alm&9e intaglio ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,ornam5tal gold r+ f ,wi/on1 ,sussex1 ,engl&1 set ) a d>k ame?y/ ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,silv] r+4 ,on bezel engrav$ design ( a bird approa*+ a fall5 /ag4 ,ab\t ,fif? ,c5tury ,a4,d4 ,briti% ,museum ,! ,jewi% hi/orian ,josephus cites1 z an example ( abs5t-m9d$ness1 t :5 ! ,roman s5ator ,cneius ,s5tius ,saturn9us arose 9 ! s5ate & pron\nc$ a fi]y h>angue on ! dea? ( ,caligula1 urg+ ! s5ators to rega9 _! =m] lib]ties ( :i* !y _h be5 robb$1 he q =got t he wore on 8 h& a r+ set ) a /one on :i* ! head ( ! dete/$ tyrant 0 cut4 ,8 fell[ s5ator1 ,trebellius ,maximus1 rem>k+ x1 h[ev]1 snat*$ x f 8 f+]1 & ! /one 0 cru%$ to pieces4#bbc ,h[ common 9 anci5t ,rome 0 ! use ( a signet r+ to seal up ! provision rooms 9 a h\sehold1 is %[n by a passage 9 ! 8,cas9a0 ( ! comic poet ,plautus1 writt5 ab\t #bjj ,b4,c41 :]e ,cleopatra on leav+ h] home to visit a neighbor1 directs h] slaves to seal ^! rooms & br+ h] r+ back to h]4#bbd ,( ! betro?al r+1 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us says t x 0 n giv5 z an ornam5t1 b = seal+ objects 9 ! conjugal domicile4 ,z ! husb&'s signet r+ 0 (t5 us$ 9 a simil> way1 x 0 q cu/om>y to bequea? x to a wife or a daught]4 ,an example ( ?is appe>s 9 ! case ( ,emp]or ,aurelian 7#bad-bge ,a4,d47 :o left 8 seal r+ to 8 wife & daught] jo9tly1 ! ,lat9 hi/orian add+ t 9 s do+ he 0 act+ 8j l a private citiz540#bbe ,a curi\s subject 0 *os5 = 8 signet-r+ by a native ( ,int]catia 9 ,spa94 ,8 fa!r _h be5 kill$ 9 a s+le combat by ! ,roman lead] ,scipio milius1 & x 0 ?is sc5e t ! son _h engrav$ ^u 8 r+4 ,:5 ,/ilo ,precon9us relat$ ?is fact 9 ,rome he laugh+ly dem&$ ( 8 he>]s :at !y suppos$ ! ,spani>d w\ld h done if 8 fa!r _h kill$ ,scipio in/ead ( be+ kill$ by him4#bbf ,9 ! ,roman _w ! cu/om ( remov+ ! r+s 9 case ( dea? is not$ by ,pl9y1 :o says t !y 7 tak5 f ! f+]s ( ^? 9 ! comatose /ate ( ! dy+2 ! r+s 7 (t5 replac$ aft] dea?4#bbg ,an in/ance 9 po9t is not$ by ,suetonius1 :o reports t :5 ,tib]ius became unconsci\s1 & 0 believ$ to be ab\t to die1 8 seal r+ 0 slipp$ f 8 f+]1 b on rega9+ consci\sness ! emp]or dem&$ t x %\ld be replac$4#bbh ,to h a r+ drop f ! f+] 0 reg>d$ z a bad om51 & :5 an accid5t ( ?is k9d happ5$ to ,emp]or ,hadrian1 he is said to h exclaim$3 8,?is is a sign ( dea?40 ,! r+ :i* fell f 8 f+] bore a gem engrav$ ) 8 own image4 ,! elegy ( ,prop]tius 7#di-ae8 ,b4,c47 on ! 8,%ade ( ,cyn?ia10 gives pro( t a valuable r+ 0 (t5 left on ! h& ( ! corpse :5 x 0 burn$ on ! fun]al pyre4 ,! ,lat9 v]ses describ+ ! app>ition may be ?us r5d]$ 9 prose3#bbi 8,%e /ill _h ! same eyes & hair z :5 on ! fun]al c\*2 b h] g>m5ts _h be5 burn$ away4 ,! flame _h de/roy$ ! b]yl :i* us$ to grace h] f+]1 & ! inf]nal /ream _h discolor$ h] lips40 ,! s5se ( intimate connection betwe5 a valu$ r+ & ! we>]1 f9ds expression 9 ,%akespe>e's l9es 7,cymbel9e ,act ,i1 sc4 #e73 ,my r+ ,i hold de> z my f+]2 'tis "p ( x4 ,& if we g back #bbjj ye>s to a f> di/ant qu>t] ( ! globe we meet ) ! same feel+ ( intimate connection 9 ! inspir$ words ( ! ,hebrew prophet ,j]emiah 7xxii1 #bd73 ,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l1 ?\gh ,coniah ! son ( ,jehoiakim ,k+ ( ,judah 7 ! signet ^u my "r h&1 yet w\ld ,i pluck !e h5ce4 ,! prophet ,haggai 7*ap4 ii1 v]se #bc7 uses ! designation signet to indicate a specially *os5 in/rum5t1 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,9 t day1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s1 w ,i take !e1 ,o ,z]ubbabel1 my s]vant1 ! son ( ,%ealtiel1 sai? ! ,"l1 & w make !e z a signet3 = ,i h *os5 !e1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s4 ,! ,freemasons h adopt$ ! signet ( ,z]ubbabel z "o ( ! symbols ( ! ,royal ,ar*1 ! sev5? masonic degree4#bcj ,! monogram ( ,*ri/ appe>s on a signet made = a ,*ri/ian lady ( ,roman times1 lia ,val]ia4 ,( ?is sacr$ symbol ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om wrote t ! ,*ri/ians ( 8 "t always inscrib$ x at ! beg9n+ ( _! lett]s1 & he gives z a reason = ?is t :]ev] ! "n ( ,god appe>$ !re 0 no?+ b happ9ess4 ,und\bt$ly ! %ape ( ! ,greek ,x 7,*71 =m+ "p ( ?is monogram1 sugge/$ a =m ( ! cross1 & gave an add$ significance to ! monogram1 especially 9 view ( ,*ryso/om's /atem5t t ! ,*ri/ians ( 8 "t pa9t$ or engrav$ a cross on _! h\ses & made ! sign ( ! cross ov] _! =eheads & _! he>ts4#bca ,clem5s ,alex&r9us 9 ! second c5tury tells u t m5 7 requir$ to we> ! seal r+ on ! little f+]1 z worn 9 ?is way x w\ld int]f]e lea/ ) ! use ( ! h&1 & w\ld be be/ protect$ f injury & loss4#bcb ,:ile1 h[ev]1 fa%ion mu/ h dictat$ to a great ext5t ! f+] on :i* a seal r+ 0 to be worn1 we %\ld be> 9 m9d t any p>ticul> cu/om 9 ?is matt] 0 n con/ant1 & t individual pref]5ces mu/ (t5 h det]m9$ ! f+] *os5 to be> ! seal r+4 ,?is div]sity is atte/$ by ! diff]+ /atem5ts ( ! old writ]s1 z well z by ! r>e examples (f]$ by anci5t /atues & pa9t+s4 ,"o ( ! r>e ivory r+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a signet ! bezel ( :i* be>s an engrav$ design ( ,*ri/ on ! ,cross1 ) ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john on ei!r side4 ,! leg5d is ! motto ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great3 ,9 hoc signo v9ces4 ,! hoop ( ?is r+1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ,suffolk1 has be5 re/or$ at ! back4 ,! figures are v rudely engrav$ = a production ( ! sixte5? c5tury4#bcc ,illu/ration3 ,bronze signet-r+1 ,byzant9e1 two views & impression4 ,! abbreviat$ ,greek inscription reads3 8,may ! ,"l help 8 s]vant ,/ephan0 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,bronze signet r+4 ,european4 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,silv] r+1 brok5 at ! back4 ,bezel be>s lett] 8,t0 cr[n$4 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,ivory signet r+1 ) impression4 ,on ! c>v$ bezel1 ! ,crucifixion1 betwe5 ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john2 leg5d3 8,9 hoc signo v9ces10 motto ( ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,bronze signet4 ,! octagonal bezel is engrav$ ) a greyh\nd's head1 & a r obscure inscription4 ,r+ & impression ( signet4 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,gold signet r+1 engrav$ ) a lion rampant2 b5ea?1 a />4 ,r+ & impression4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,massive gold r+2 bezel engrav$ ) a lion passant reg>dant1 & ! leg5d3 8,n[ is ?us40 ,engli%1 late ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,r+ & impression ( signet ,briti% ,museum ,x appe>s to h be5 an anci5t usage 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,*ri/ian _w to use two signet r+s 9 connection ) ! baptismal c]emonies4 ,"o ( ^! 0 employ$ to seal up ! font1 or else ! bapti/ry1 :ile ! o!r 0 us$ to affix a seal ^u ! pr(ession ( fai? made by ! neophyte1 ?is pr(ession be+ lat] ent]$ on a public regi/]4 ,"s ( ! ecclesia/ical writ]s saw ! orig9 ( ! fir/-nam$ r+ 9 ! text 7,cant4 iv1 #ab73 ,a g>d5 enclos$ is my si/]1 my sp\se2 a spr+ %ut up1 a f\nta9 seal$4#bcd ,a recognition t at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,a4,d4 bi%ops 7 9 possession ( signet r+s is (f]$ by a circul> lett] address$ by ,clovis ,i1 9 #eaa ,a4,d41 aft] 8 victory ov] ! ,visigo?s at ,v\gl1 to ! bi%ops ( ! _m cities t came "u 8 dom9ation z ! fruits ( ?is success4 ,he in=ms ! bi%ops t he w free all prison]s1 ei!r cl]ical or lay1 = :om ?is favor %all be ask$ 9 lett]s 8seal$ ) y\r r+40 ,?is1 h[ev]1 only confirms ! o!r te/imony to ! effect t ! bi%ops _h signets1 b does n suffice to e/abli% ! exi/5ce at ?is "t ( r+s giv5 to !m at _! consecration z symbols ( _! (fice4#bce ,! ,fr5* k+s ( ! ,m]ov+ian age /amp$ ^u _! royal docum5ts ! design engrav$ on _! signet r+s1 ! accompany+ =mula be+ frequ5tly z foll[s3 8,by ! impress ( our r+ we corroborate 7robor>i fecimus702 slightly diff]5t =ms appe> sometimes4 ,! foll[+ li/ gives1 ) ! dates1 a numb] ( seal impressions t h be5 f\nd on su* docum5ts3#bcf ,*ildeb]t ,i1 #ebh ,a4,d4 ,sigeb]t ,i1 #ede1 ,a4,d4 ,*ild]ic ,i1 #ehc ,a4,d4 ,dagob]t ,i1 #fbi1 #fca-fcb1 #fce ,a4,d4 ,*ild]ic ,,ii1 #ffd ,a4,d4 ,?i]ry ,,iii1 #fgc ,a4,d4 ,dagob]t ,,ii1 #fge ,a4,d4 ,*>les ,m>tel 7mayor ( ! palace71 #gbd ,a4,d4 ,pep9 le ,bref 7mayor ( ! palace71 #gdh & #gea ,a4,d4 ,pep9 le ,bref1 k+1 #gee & #gfh ,a4,d4 ,9 ! ,c>ol+ian p]iod1 ,*>lemagne & 8 successors cont9u$ ! use ( ! same =mulas4 ,! possession ( signet r+s by well-born wom51 al?\gh n usual 9 ,roman times1 became q common 9 ! e>ly ,middle ,ages1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,g]manic peoples1 :i* accord$ to woman a mu* m important /ation ?an did ! ,romans or ,gallo-,romans4 ,among ! relics ( ! ,m]ov+ian p]iod t h be5 pres]v$ to our day1 is ! r+ ( ,b]teildis1 "o ( ! wives ( ,dagob]t ,i 7#fjb8-fch74bcg ,x is ( silv] & is inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ! que5 & ! monogram ( ! ^w reg9a4#bch ,a docum5t f ! "t ( ,*ild]ic ,,ii1 dat$ 9 #fcg1 %[s impressions ( two que5ly signets1 "o t ( ,emne*ildis1 wife ( ,sigeb]t ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ,au/rasia & gu>dian ( ,*ild]ic1 & ! o!r belong+ to ,bli*ildis1 ,*ild]ic's wife4 ,9 ! tomb ( ! ,franki% k+ ,*ild]ic ,i 7#deh-dha ,a4,d471 accid5tally discov]$ at ,t\rnai 9 #afec1 9 an anci5t cemet]y ( ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,brica1 7 f\nd a numb] ( valuable relics ( ?is sov]eign1 among !m 8 signet r+4 ,aft] hav+ be5 tak5 to ,vi5na by ,ar*duke ,leopold ,wilhelm1 !n gov]nor ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 ! treasure came1 aft] 8 dea?1 into ! ,imp]ial ,cab9et !re4 ,9 #affe ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce secur$ f ,emp]or ,leopold ,i p]mission to (f] x to ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,9 ,july ( ?is ye> ! preci\s objects 7 transmitt$ to ! ,fr5* k+ & 7 deposit$ 9 ! ,cab9et de ,mdailles1 rec5tly con/itut$ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,%ortly aft]w>d1 !y 7 transf]r$ to ! ,biblio?que du ,roi1 & 7 safely pres]v$ 9 ?is in/itution1 "u its *ang+ names1 until #ahca1 :5 ! r+ & o!r ( ! ,*ild]ic relics1 z well z a numb] ( o!r hi/oric objects1 7 /ol5 f ! libr>y4 ,! r+ 0 nev] recov]$4 ,=tunately !re exi/s a v exact description & a figuration ( ! r+ 9 an acc\nt ( ! treasure publi%$ 9 #afee1 at ,antw]p1 by ,jean ,jacques ,*ifflet1 fir/ physician ( ! ,ar*duke4#bci ,! r+1 :i* is ( massive gold1 be>s a l>ge oval bezel on :i* is engrav$ ! bu/1 full face4 ,! sov]eign is be>dless1 ) long hair p>t$ 9 ! middle & hang+ d[n to 8 %\ld]s4 ,! bu/ is g>b$ 9 ,roman /yle2 on ! tunic may be se5 a decorative plaque4 ,! k+'s "r h& holds a lance :i* re/s on 8 %\ld]1 z may be obs]v$ 9 ! imp]ial m$als ( ,con/ant9e ,,ii1 ,!odosius ,,ii1 & _! successors4 ,! leg5d1 9 ! g5itive case1 ,*ild]ici ,regis1 presupposes ! ^w signum or sigillum1 z ! r+ 0 unque/ionably a signet4 ,m4 ,delo*e consid]s x probable t x 0 made on ! occasion ( ,*ild]ic's m>riage ) ,basnia1 ,que5 ( ,?ur+ia1 :o _h ab&on$ h] native l& & h] husb& to w$ ! ,franki% sov]eign4 ,clovis ,i 7#dha-eaa7 0 ! (fspr+ ( ?is union4 ,al?\gh ! orig9al has be5 lo/ !re has =tunately be5 pres]v$ an impr9t f x on ! m>g9 ( a manuscript 9 ! ,biblio?que de ,sa9te ,g5evive2 ( ! entire r+ !re is ! c>efully execut$ draw+ made = ,*ifflet's "w4#bdj ,9 _m cases ! ,c>ol+ian mon>*s r5d]$ _! signets1 set ) antique gems1 significant ( _! own p]sonality by hav+ _! names engrav$ ar\nd ! sett+4 ,9 ?is way ,c>loman 7#gda-gdg7 utiliz$ an antique gem %[+ a female bu/ ) hair ti$ 9 a knot1 :ile ,*>lemagne's *oice 0 a gem engrav$ ) ! head ( ,m>cus ,aurelius2 at a lat] "t he sub/itut$ = ?is "o be>+ ! head ( ! ,alex&rian god ,s]apis4 ,x is notewor?y t !re is a great lik5ess betwe5 ! portraits ( ,anton9us ,pius & ! type *os5 = ,s]apis4 ,l\is ,i1 le ,debonnaire 7#had-hdj71 select$ a portrait ( ,anton9us ,pius1 & 8 son1 ,lo?aire1 ,roman emp]or1 #hdj-hee ,a4,d41 a gem ) ,c>acalla's head1 ! *oice be+ no inappropriate "o 9 view ( ,lo?aire's weak & trea*]\s "*4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+ conjectures t ! selection ( ! p>ticul> head may h dep5d$ ^u its resemblance1 m or less close1 to ! features ( ! mon>*1 z ev5 ?\gh ! lik5ess %\ld n be v exact1 ! "w w\ld surpass any?+ t ! unskilful gem-cutt]s ( ?is age c\ld produce4#bda ,( ! seal ( ! ,prophet ,mohamm$1 we are told by ,ibn ,kald\n t :5 he 0 ab\t to s5d a lett] to ! ,emp]or ,h]aclius1 8 att5tion 0 call$ to ! fact t no lett] w\ld be receiv$ by a =eign pot5tate unless x bore ! impression ( ! ,prophet's seal4 ,mohamm$ !re=e _h a seal made ( silv]1 be>+ ! inscription 8,mohamm$ rasl ,allah10 8,mohamm$ ! ,apo/le ( ,god02 ^! ?ree words1 accord+ to ,al-,bokh>i1 7 dispos$ 9 ?ree l9es4 ,! ,prophet made use ( ?is seal & =bade ! mak+ ( any "o l x4 ,aft] 8 dea? x 0 employ$ by 8 successors1 ,abu ,bekr1 ,om> & ,o?man1 b ! la/-nam$ unluckily let x fall f 8 h& into ! well ( ,aris1 ^: dep? x _h nev] be5 possible to measure4 ,a duplicate 0 execut$ to replace ! orig9al1 b its loss 0 greatly deplor$1 & 0 look$ ^u z a possible presage ( ill-=tune4#bdb ,! title inscrib$ ^u x 0 pr\d] 9 its simplicity ?an t assum$ by any o!r rul]1 n except+ ^? :o claim$ = !mselves a div9e ance/ry1 or div9e attributes4 ,^! c\ld at mo/ pret5d to rank z div9ities ( a l[] ord]1 :ile ,mohamm$ claim$ to be ! m\?piece ( ! "o & only ,god4 ,burton writes t x is 8a tradition ( ! ,prophet0 t ! c>nelian is ! be/ /one = a signet r+1 & ?is is /ill ! usage among ,mohamm$ans 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,9 ! ,arabian tale entitl$ 8,hi/ory ( ,al ,hajjaj b5 ,yusuf & ! ,"y ,sayy$10 we read t ! signet %\ld be ( c>nelian because ! /one 0 a gu>d aga9/ pov]ty4#bdc ,"s ,arabic signets bore peculi>ly apt inscriptions4 ,"o ( ^! reads3 8,correspond5ce is only a half-joy10 a delicate piece ( flatt]y = ! recipi5t ( a lett] be>+ ?is seal4 ,ano!r signet gives ! foll[+ v necess>y w>n+ to ! p]son to :om ! lett] is address$1 %\ld x happ5 to conta9 some?+ :i* ought n to be reveal$4 8,if m ?an two "k x1 ! secret is out40#bdd ,su* inscriptions are c]ta9ly m significant ?an a motto ( less special mean+4 ,9 an essay on ,arabic signets1 ,hamm]-,purg/all#bde calls att5tion to a fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 talismans & signets4 ,) ! =m]1 ! inscription is engrav$ s t x may be read z x /&s1 :ile ) ! latt] ! *>act]s are rev]s$ s t only ! impression gives !m 9 _! prop] ord]4 ,besides ?is1 ! talismans r>ely conta9 ! we>]'s "n1 :i* is ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( ! signet4 ,nev]!less1 !re c be little d\bt t 9 _m cases ! signet 0 at ! same "t a talisman4 ,t lov]s--ev5 ,mohamm$an lov]s--9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 _h romantic designs engrav$ ^u seal r+s1 is illu/rat$ by :at ,g>zoni relates conc]n+ ! seal r+ ( 8,mahome? ,bassa40 ,?is bore ! figure ( a silk-worm ^u a mulb]ry leaf1 ! design commemorat+ ! we>]'s love = a ,moori% girl1 & signify+ t he drew 8 life f h] z did ! silk-worm f ! leaf4#bdf ,tav]ni] relates t 9 8 "t1 ! la/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! secret treasure ( ! ,sultans 9 ,con/ant9ople 0 gu>d$ 9 an inn]mo/ treasure-*amb] ( ! ,s]ail4 ,?is *amb] 0 only op5$ at int]vals to receive ! surplus gold t _h be5 collect$ f ! ,empire or receiv$ 9 any way1 :5 ! total sum _h rea*$ #ah1jjj1jjj livres 7ov] #g1jjj1jjj accord+ to ! value ( ! livre 9 ,tav]ni]'s day74 ,! gold 0 conta9$ 9 sacks1 ea* ( :i* held #ae1jjj ducats4 ,:5 an addition to ! treasure 0 to be deposit$1 ! ,sultan himself l$ ! way to ! treasure-*amb] & /amp$ 8 seal1 ) 8 own h&1 on r$ wax spread ov] ! knot ( ! cord ) :i* ! sack 0 secur$4 ,?is seal 0 engrav$ on ! bezel ( a gold r+ & con/itut$ no design1 b simply ! "n ( ! reign+ sov]eign1 ! *>act]s be+ probably intricately comb9$ 9 ! elaborate & cryptic mann] us$ 9 ! case ( ! imp]ial "n & titles4#bdg ,a ,byzant9e signet r+ ( ! six? or sev5? c5tury ( our era1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 %[s ! head ( ,*ri/1 b5ea? :i* b5d+ figures ( two angels 9 pr(\nd adoration are depict$4 ,angel-figures almo/ exactly simil> may be se5 9 ,byzant9e ivory c>v+s ( ?is lat] p]iod1 ! type evid5tly be+ "o ( ^? rigidly def9$ 9 ! hi]atic art ( ! s*ool4 ,) ?is r+ 7 f\nd co9s ( ,h]aclius 7#faj-fda71 ! ,greek emp]or 9 ^: reign fell ! dea? ( ,mohamm$ 7,june #h1 #fcb7 & ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,sassanian ,p]sian mon>*y by ! ,mohamm$ans4#bdh ,h[ important ! possession ( a royal seal-r+ 0 consid]$ to be1 z prov+ ! title ( a successor1 appe>s 9 ! /ory t at ! dea?-b$ ( ,alexius ,comn5us 7#ajhd-aaah71 ,emp]or ( ! ,ea/1 :5 ! son & rightful successor1 ,john ,comn5us1 p]ceiv$ t 8 "m ,ir5e 0 work+ to exclude him f ! ?rone & to seat !reon 8 blue-/ock+ si/] ,anna1 he took (f ! imp]ial r+ f ! h& ( 8 dy+ fa!r & ?us ensur$ = himself ! title to ! ,ea/]n ,empire4#bdi ,sa9t ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux 7#ajia-aaec71 ! en?usia/ic prea*] ( ! ,second ,crusade 9 #aadg1 excuses himself 9 "s ( 8 lett]s t he has fail$ to seal !m1 because he c\ld n lay 8 h& on 8 signet4 ,9 a lett] to ,pope ,eug5e ,,iii1 ! sa9t compla9s t sev]al spuri\s lett]s be>+ 8 "n h be5 circulat$1 seal$ ) a c\nt]feit seal2 he also notifies ! pontiff t f ?is "t 8 lett]s w be> a new seal1 on :i* w be 8 portrait & 8 "n4#bej ,well-to-d m]*ants ( m$ival times1 n entitl$ to armorial be>+s1 (t5 _h special individual m>ks or symbols engrav$ ^u _! signets4 ,?is cu/om obta9$ on ! cont95t z well z 9 ,engl&1 & allusion is made 9 ! ,old ,engli% poem ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 8,pi]s ,pl[man10 to 8m]*antes m]kes ym$el$ 9 glasse40#bea ,probably emblems ( ?is k9d came to h a c]ta9 association ) ! bus9ess :i* 9 _m cases desc5d$ f fa!r to son ?r\gh a numb] ( g5]ations4 ,a royal signet r+ once believ$ to be t ( ,sa9t ,l\is 7,l\is ,,ix1 #abad-abgj7 & long pres]v$ 9 ! treasury ( ,/4 ,d5is1 z an object ( rev]5t c>e1 is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre ,museum4 ,! fact t ! cresc5t is introduc$ z a symbol fails to connect ! r+ ) ! ,crusad] ,/4 ,l\is1 z ?is symbol 0 n us$ by ! ,s>ac5s ( 8 "t1 b 0 only adopt$ z a ,mohamm$an device aft] ! ,turks captur$ ,con/ant9ople1 ! cresc5t hav+ be5 a recognis$ symbol 9 anci5t times 9 ,byzantium long be=e ! city came to be call$ ,con/ant9ople4#beb ,! engrav$ /one 9 ! r+ is a table-cut sapphire1 ! mon>* be+ figur$ /&+1 ) a nimbus ar\nd 8 head2 he is cr[n$ & be>s a sceptre4 ,! lett]s ,s ,l on ! /one h be5 int]pret$ to mean r sigillum ,ludovici ?an ,sanctus ,ludovicus1 & "o critic sugge/s ! possibility t x may h be5 execut$ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 9 ,byzant9e times1 = ,l\is ,,vii1 :o 0 !re 9 #aadg1 & 0 receiv$ ) high honors by ,manuel ,comn5us1 ! ,greek emp]or's c\rtesy be+ r br$ ( fe> ( ,fr5* aggression ?an ( affection = ! ,fr5* crusad]4 ,z we h good evid5ce t gem-cutt+ 0 n practis$ at ?is "t 9 ,france1 x seems plausible en\gh t ,l\is ,,vii %\ld h avail$ himself ( ?is opportunity to h a signet engrav$ = him by a ,greek gem-cutt]4#bec ,! signet r+ ( ,k+ ,*>les ,v ( ,france 7#accg-achj7 0 set ) an ,ori5tal ruby on :i* 0 engrav$ 8! be>d$ head ( a k+40 ,?is signet 0 us$ by ,k+ ,*>les to seal ! lett]s writt5 by 8 own h&4 ,! some:at vague description 9 ! inv5tory sugge/s t ?is may h be5 an antique gem1 ! suppos$ly royal head be+ t ( "s ,greek div9ity4 ,! art ( engrav+ on su* h>d /ones z ! ruby does n seem to h be5 practis$ 9 ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5turies1 ! revival ( ?is art belong+ to a lat] p]iod4 ,evid5tly ! head 0 n t ( ,*>les himself or ( any ( 8 pr$ecessors1 =1 _h ?is be5 ! case ! inv5tory w\ld h>dly fail to note ! fact4#bed ,:5 a c]ta9 ,bratilos 0 s5t z a mess5g] by ! ea/]n emp]or ,cantacuz5e 7#acda-acee7 to 8 empress ,ir5e1 to ann\nce ! outbreak ( a dang]\s revolt1 he bore a seal$ lett] f ! emp]or4#bee ,:ile on 8 j\rney1 h[ev]1 he began to fe> t he might be waylaid & robb$ ( ! important docum5t4 ,?is p]il he effectively provid$ aga9/ by memoriz+ ! lett] & !n de/roy+ x1 aft] he _h remov$ ! wax impression ( ! imp]ial signet1 :i* he c\ld safely gu>d 9 8 m\?1 & :i* s]v$ to accr$it him :5 he came be=e ! empress4#bef ,n long aft]w>d ,cantacuz5e 0 defeat$ & depos$ by ,john ,v1 ,palologus1 & retir$ to a mona/]y1 :]e he liv$ until #adaa1 compos+ a hi/ory ( 8 own times 9 8 leisure mom5ts2 8 wife also took ! religi\s v[s "u ! "n ( ,eug5ia4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ! r+ or r ! engrav$ seal ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,?is gem enjoy$ su* high e/eem t x 0 v (t5 copi$1 ! copies sometimes acquir+ ! repute ( be+ orig9als4 ,f\r ( !m1 two 9 pa/e1 "o 9 ame?y/1 & "o 9 c>nelian1 exi/ 9 ,d5m>k1 ! two latt] hav+ ! dim5sions ( ! orig9al gem4 ,! copy 9 c>nelian--! /one 9 :i* ! orig9al 0 cut--is exceptionally well execut$4#beg ,! orig9al seal is n[ 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ,p>is & came into ! possession ( ,l\is ,,xiv 9 #afhj4 ,! k+ wore x set 9 a r+4 ,x 0 br\ght to ,france 9 #afjj by a ,sieur ,big>ris1 director ( ! ,m9t1 & its hi/ory 0 at ! "t trac$ back to ,ago/o ,tassi1 goldsmi? 9 ,bologna1 to :om ,mi*elangelo _h bequea!d x4 ,! gem 0 ! "w ( ,pi] ,m>ia di ,pescia1 & be>s 8 symbolic signature1 a boy fi%+ 7pescia1 fi%+74 ,! dim5sions are giv5 z #ae mm4 by #aa mm41 ! =m be+ oval1 & 9 ?is re/rict$ space is a design embrac+ twelve human figures1 two g5ii1 a horse1 a goat & a tree4 ,two ( ! figures appe> to h be5 copi$ f a detail ( ,mi*elangelo's ,si/9e ,*apel frescoes3 a woman help+ ano!r woman to place a basket ( grapes ^u h] head4 ,watelet & ,levesque 9 _! 8,dictionnaire des ,arts0 publi%$ 9 #agia1 *>act]ize ?is seal z 8! mo/ beautiful engrav$ gem kn[n40 ,! ,royal ,collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le conta9s a gold r+ set ) a cameo portrait ( ,l\is ,,xii1 ( ,france 7#adih-aeae71 cut 9 a pale ruby ( cle> lu/re4 ,! "w is believ$ to h be5 execut$ dur+ ! lifetime ( ! k+1 & 0 consid]$ by ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+ to be ! e>lie/ ,r5aissance portrait cut on a /one ( ! h>dness ( a ruby4 ,he reg>d$ x z a "w ( ! fam\s ,r5aissance gem-cutt] ,dom5ico dei ,camei1 ?is arti/ hav+ engrav$ a portrait ( ! ,milanese duke ,ludovico ,s=za1 surnam$ ,il ,moro1 on ! same h>d mat]ial4 ,! gold plate at ! back ( ! bezel hold+ ! gem be>s ! inscription 8,loys ,,xiime ,roy de ,france dcda ,i ,janvi]1 #aeae10 ! /one hav+ be5 set 9 ! r+ at "s "t aft] ! mon>*'s dea?4#beh ,?is collection also conta9s an imp]fect specim5 ( a squirt-r+4 ,! hoop is ( enamell$ gold set ) a g>net engrav$ 9 relief ) a mask or bac*ic head f9ely execut$ by a sixte5?-c5tury arti/4 ,! hole at ! base ( ! hoop1 ) its int]nal screw-worm1 indicates t x 0 once provid$ ) a squirt = project+ p]fum$ liquids4#bei ,a sixte5?-c5tury portrait by ! ,g]man pa9t]1 ,conrad ,fab]1 depicts a well-to-d burgh]1 possibly a burgoma/]1 :o we>s a seal r+ on ! index f+] ( 8 left h& & a r+ ) a preci\s /one sett+ on ! f\r? f+] ( ! same h&4 ,9 ?is h& he holds some?+ :i* may be a /aff ( (fice2 x is surm\nt$ by an octagonal block ( ebony 9 :i* is inlaid a m$allion figur+ ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon4 ,! city1 z c>efully del9eat$ 9 ! backgr\nd z 9 ! f9e/ ( engrav+s1 appe>s to be "o ( ! hi/oric ,rh9e cities1 & is evid5tly t ) :i* ! sitt] 0 id5tifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man1 ,,by ,,! ,,sixte5?-,,c5tury ,,g]man ,,pa9t]1 ,,conrad ,,fab] ,seal r+ on index ( left h&1 sapphire-set r+ on f\r? f+] ( ?is h&1 :i* holds :at seems to be a w& or /aff ( (fice1 surm\nt$ by an octagonal ebony block1 ) ins]t$ m$allion ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york1 ,k5n$y ,fund1 #aiab ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,b5$ikt ,,von ,,h]t5/e91 ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe9 ,%[+ seal r+ on index f+]1 two r+s on ?ird f+]1 & ?ree on little f+] ( left h& ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york ,city ,illu/ration3 ,,man ,,& ,,woman ,,at ,a ,,casem5t ,! woman we>s ?ree r+s 7sapphire1 ruby & "s o!r /one7 on ! index ( "r h&1 & two on ! middle f+] ( ?is h&1 "o ( !m on ! second jo9t4 ,! "y man has a l>ge oval topaz on ! little f+] ( 8 left h&4 ,flor5t9e1 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york ,= signet r+s1 antique gems cont9u$ to be ^? mo/ favor$ until ! ,r5aissance p]iod1 & ev5 to a consid]able ext5t dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,h[ev]1 ! developm5t & elaboration ( ! sci5ce ( h]aldry & ! great importance accord$ to ! possession ( armorial be>+s soon induc$ ! engrav+ ( ^! ^u ! signets1 9 pref]5ce to us+ antique gems or copy+ _! types4 ,9 ,elizabe?'s reign & 9 ^? ( h] imm$iate successors1 x is believ$ t sc>cely a g5tleman 0 to be f\nd :o did n own & we> a signet r+ on :i* appe>$ 8 coat-(-arms4 ,^? n =tunate en\gh to h ! "r to display armorial be>+s1 sometimes s\ght to make _! signets individual by us+ z designs rebuses express+ m or less well ! pronunciation ( _! names4#bfj ,arms 7 sometimes blazon$ on r+s by enamel appli$ to ! base ( a sett+2 ?us ! arms engrav$ on a rock-cry/al or a :ite sapphire1 w\ld appe> ) _! prop] hues1 ! colors %[+ ?r\gh ! transp>5t /one1 & _! effect be+ height5$ by ! brilliant m$ium4 ,a f9e example ( ?is k9d ( r+ is "o made = ,jean ,sans-,peur1 ,duke ( ,burgundy 7#adja-adai72 ano!r is ! signet r+ ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#bfa ,beque/s ( signets to ne> relatives occur n infrequ5tly 9 wills ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 z = example 9 t ( ,john ,horton1 dat$ #aefe1 :]e9 appe>s ! foll[+3 8,item1 ,i give unto my bro!r ,an?ony ,horton1 = a tok51 my golde r+e w? ! seale ( myne armes1 desir5ge him to be good to my wiffe & my *ildr+e z my tru/ is 9 him40 ,besides ?is seal r+1 ! te/ator will$ 8a golde r+e w? a turkes turquoise 9 x0 to 8 8s+ul> good ,"l ! ,"l ,eue]ye10 ) a plea = fri5d%ip t[>d 8 wife & *ildr54 ,a r+ set ) a diamond 0 bequea!d 9 #adbg by ,elizabe?1 ,lady ,fitzhugh to h] son ,william4#bfb ,?is 0 almo/ c]ta9ly "o ( ! uncut1 po9t$ diamonds us$ = sett+s at ?is e>ly "t4 ,! signet r+ ( ,m>y ,/u>t is "o ( ! *ief treasures 9 ! r+ collection ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x 0 made = h] use aft] h] betro?al to ! ,fr5* ,dauph91 lat]1 = a few mon?s1 ,k+ ( ,france z ,francis ,,ii 7#aedc-aefj71 j be=e h] m>riage1 z aft] t "t ! arms ( ,france w\ld h be5 comb9$ ) ^? ( ,scotl&4 ,! foll[+ description is giv5 ( ?is r+ 9 ! exce$+ly valuable catalogue ( ! ,franks ,beque/ by ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton#bfc3 #caf4 ,gold2 ! %\ld]s ornam5t$ ) fl[]s & leaves once enamell$2 oval bezel conta9+ a *alc$ony engrav$ ) ! a*ievem5t ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots4 ,! %ield is t ( ,scotl& surr\nd$ by ! coll> ( ! ,?i/le1 ) ! badge1 & support$ by two unicorns *a9$ & ducally gorg$2 ! cre/1 on a helmet ) mantl+s & ensign$ ) a cr[n1 is a lion sejant affront1 cr[n$ & hold+ 9 ! dext] paw a nak$ sword2 9 ! s9i/] a sceptre1 bo? b5dwise4 ,leg5d3 ,9 ,def5s1 & ! lett]s ,m ,r4 ,on ! dext] side is a bann] ) ! arms ( ,scotl&2 on ! s9i/] side1 ano!r1 ) ?ree b>s & ov] all a saltire4 ,! metals & t9ctures appe> ?r\gh ! cry/al on a field ( blue4 ,)9 ! hoop at ! back ( ! bezel is engrav$ a ciph] 9 a circul> b& & surm\nt$ by a cr[n1 once enamell$4 ,! ciph] is =m$ ( ! ,greek lett] & ,m1 = ! names ,francis & ,m>y4 ,9 ?is example ( sixte5?-c5tury ,fr5* goldsmi?+1 ! colors ( ! arms h be5 appli$ b5ea? ! cry/al s t !y w\ld n be effac$ 9 us+ ! signet = seal+4 ,9 #agib ?is r+ 0 9 ! possession ( ,que5 ,*>lotte1 wife ( ,george ,,iii4 ,aft] h] dea? x became ! prop]ty ( ! ,duke ( ,york1 & :5 8 plate & jewels 7 sold at ,*ri/ie's1 9 ,london1 ,m>*1 #ahbg1 x 0 b\ght by ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,gre5e1 ,f4,s4,a41 & 0 acquir$ f him 9 #ahef by ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,a signet r+ believ$ by _m to be t ( ! immortal ,%akespe>e1 0 f\nd on ,m>* #af1 #ahaj4 ,x 0 pick$ up on ! surface ( ! mill-close t adjo9s ,/rat=d *ur*y>d2 ! f9d] 0 ! wife ( a poor labor]4 ,h[ lightly x 0 e/eem$ at ! outset is %[n by ! l[ price at :i* x 0 acquir$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,:eel]1 :o paid only ?irty-six %ill+s 7#i4jj71 consid]$ to be ! value ( ! fifte5 p5nyweights ( gold 9 ! r+4 ,9 fact1 ! only circum/ances seem+ to connect x ) ,%akespe>e are ! initials ,w4 ,s41 & ! facts t ! r+ appe>s to be ( ,elizabe?an workman%ip & t x 0 f\nd at ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 ,%akespe>e's home4#bfd ,! initial lett]s are b\nd toge!r ) a design compos$ ( an ornam5tal b& ) tassels1 s arrang$ z to outl9e a he>t4 ,a que] co9cid5ce1 if ! report be true1 is t a c]ta9 ,william ,%akespe>e 0 at "w ne>by :5 ! r+ 0 f\nd4#bfe ,"o ( ! some:at less well-kn[n ,%akespe>e portraits depicts ! poet we>+ a ?umb r+ on 8 left h&4 ,?is is ! "w ( ,g]ald ,soe/1 :o 0 born tw5ty-"o ye>s aft] ,%akespe>e's dea?2 its inspiration is probably to be s\ght 9 ! ,*&os portrait ( :i* x is an amplification & re-arrangem5t4 ,! face1 h[ev]1 :olly lacks ! dignity & expression ( ! ,*&os1 be+ exce$+ly weak & commonplace4 ,! h&s give ! effect ( hav+ be5 copi$ f ^? 9 "s o!r portrait1 &1 ( c\rse1 "u all ^! circum/ances we w\ld sc>cely be ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t ,%akespe>e wore a ?umb r+1 al?\gh he may well h done s1 9 view ( ! fact t ! fa%ion 0 common en\gh 9 8 "t4 ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ev51 is depict$ z we>+ "o 9 ,zuc*]o's portrait ( h] at ,hampton ,c\rt4#bff ,illu/ration3 #a1 ,%akespe>e's gold signet r+1 f\nd 9 ,/rat=d-^u-,avon1 ,m>* #af1 #ahaj4 #b1 brass signet suppos$ to be t ( ! physician1 ,john ,hall1 ,%akespe>e's son-9-law4 #c1 wax impression f ,%akespe>e's r+4 7,photograph$ expressly = ?is book z atte/$ by signatures ( ,sir ,sidney ,lee1 ,*airman ( ! ,executive ,committee ( 8,%akespe>e's ,bir?place10 & ( ! ,libr>ian1 ,f4 ,c4 ,well/ood47 #d & #e1 gold signet r+ own$ by ,"l ,byron1 ) impression f x4 ,! seal %[s ! cre/s & mottoes ( ?ree families4 ,photograph$ = ?is book4 ,9 ! possession ( ,judge ,pet] ,t4 ,b>l[1 ,new ,york ,illu/ration ,ano!r ,engli% poet1 t ma/] ( impassion$ v]se1 ,byron1 _h 9 8 possession a mo/ int]e/+ blood/one signet r+1 engrav$ ) ! foll[+ ?ree family mottoes3 8,t\t pre/0 7,q ready71 motto ( ! families ,monk1 ,murray & ,y\ng]2 8,confido1 conquiesco0 7,i tru/ & am cont5t$71 motto ( ! ,dys>t1 ,hodgett1 ,m>oy1 ,tollma*e & ,turn] families2 8,p\r y p>v5ir0 7,9 ord] to accompli%1 or succe$71 motto ( ! families ,mann]s & ,mann]s-,sutton4 ,?is r+ 0 own$ by ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 & at ! disp]sal sale ( 8 p]sonal effects at ,abbots=d x 0 acquir$ by ! late ,samuel ,la?am ,mit*ell ,b>l[1 ! great art connoisseur & collector1 by ^: son1 ,judge ,pet] ,t4 ,b>l[1 ( ,new ,york1 x has be5 inh]it$1 9 ^: possession x n[ is1 & ?r\gh ^: c\rtesy x is "h reproduc$4 ,_m int]e/+ facts 9 reg>d to ! hi/ory ( ! diamond engrav$ = ,que5 ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 wife ( ,*>les ,i1 h be5 pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,drury ,=tnum1 :o pur*as$ ! diamond f ! collection ( ! ,duke ( ,brunswick 9 #ahgi4bfg ,9 ! catalogue ( ! ,duke's collection ?is /one is describ$ z ! signet ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 an attribution :i* _h be5 curr5t = _m ye>s2 b ,mr4 ,=tnum has %[n t ! initials on ! diamond %\ld be read ,,mr1 ! cross-b> 9 ! fir/ "* repres5t+ ! lett] ,h1 & ! :ole signify+ ,m>ia ,h5rietta ,reg9a4 ,=tunately we h ! orig9al ( ! treasury ord] giv5 by ,*>les ,i1 "u date ( ,janu>y #af1 #afbi1 direct+ ! paym5t ( a sum ( money to ! engrav] = 8 "w4 ,z ?is is probably ! only case 9 :i* ! orig9al record ( paym5t = engrav+ an hi/orical diamond has be5 pres]v$1 x is reproduc$ "h f ,mr4 ,=tnum's pap] 9 ,ar*ologia4#bfh ,*>les by ! grace ( ,god ,k+ ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,france1 & ,irel&1 ,def5d] ( ! ,fai?1 c4 ,to ! ,trr & ,und]trr ( or ,ex*ecqr = ! "t be+ greet+3 ,wee doe h]eby w & com& you out ( or treasure rema9+ 9 ! ,receipt ( or ,ex*ecqr =?) to pay or cause to be paid unto ,francis ,walwyn or 8 assignes ! "s ( two hundr$ ?ree-score & sev5 p\nds = engrav+1 poli%+1 ,dyamond bo>t & div]s o!r mat]ialls = ! ,cutt+ & furni%+ ( or ,armes 9 a ,dyamond ) l'res ( ! "n ( or de]e/ ,consort ! que5e on ea* side1 ,& ^! or l'res %al be yor suffici5t w>rt & dis*>ge 9 ?is behalfe4 ,giv5 "u or privy ,seal att or pallace ( ,we/mr ! sixte5? day ( ,janu>y 9 ! f\r? ye>e ( or ,raigne4 ,jo3 ,pack]4 ,z a g5]al rule a signet r+ 0 "o ( ! la/ objects ( value t an own] w\ld "p )1 b we "k t aft] ,*>les' execution ,h5rietta ,m>ia 0 r$uc$ to dire /raits & 0 oblig$ to sell all h] possessions 9 ord] to procure ! b>e necess>ies ( life4 ,9 ,tav]ni]'s acc\nt ( 8 travels 9 ! ,ea/ he /ates t 9 #affd1 he %[$ to ! repres5tative ( ! ,%ah ( ,p]sia a r+ engrav$ ) ! royal arms ( ,engl&1 & :i* _h belong$ 8to ! late ,k+ ( ,engl&40 ,z lett]s & pap]s h be5 pres]v$1 dat+ f #afef to #afgc1 & seal$ by ,*>les ,,ii ) ! diamond signet us$ by 8 fa!r1 we h pro( t ,*>les ,,ii _h t signet 9 8 possession 9 #affd1 & ,mr4 ,=tnum's conjecture t ! engrav$ diamond 9 ,tav]ni]'s h&s 0 t ( ,h5rietta ,m>ia is plausible en\gh4 ,! ,%ah ( ,p]sia s5t ! diamond back to ,tav]ni]1 reque/+ in=mation z to :at 0 engrav$ ^u x1 b ! ,fr5* jewell]1 fe>+ possible complications1 did n v5ture to g beyond ! vague /atem5t t ! /one bore ! arms ( a 8,european pr9ce40 ,! ,%ah does n appe> to h b\ght ?is diamond2 probably he did n c>e mu* = hi/oric s\v5irs ( ,european royalties1 & possibly he d\bt$ :e!r ,tav]ni] _h ! "r to (f] = sale :at might be ! signet ( a ,european mon>*4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,%ah's m9i/] did n fail to express 8 admiration ( ! skill %[n by ! 8,franks0 9 ! art ( diamond-engrav+4#bfi ,already1 9 ! ,vetu/a ,monum5ta ( ,a/le1 publi%$ by him 9 #agib1 ! seal is figur$ z t ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 & is said to h be5 9 ! possession ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,if ?is /atem5t be correct1 ! signet might h be5 among ! diamonds sold by ,tav]ni] to ,l\is ,,xiv1 on ! =m]'s return to ,europe4 ,x seems to h %>$ ! fate ( a l>ge numb] ( ! jewels belong+ to ! ,fr5* cr[n & to ! royal family1 & next appe>s 9 a sale held 9 ,london ,june #ai1 #ahag1 be+ describ$ 9 ! catalogue z 8! engrav$ diamond r+ ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 ^u :i* are engrav$ ! arms ( ,engl&1 ,scotl& & ,irel&1 qu>t]$10 & au!nticat$ by a communication f 8t correct & le>n$ antiqu>y ! late ,rob]t ,g\gh1 ,esq40 to ! foll[+ effect3 ,t x desc5d$ f ,m>y to h] gr&*ild ,*>les ,i1 :o gave x on ! scaffold to ,ar* ,bi%op ,juxon = 8 son ,*>les ,,ii1 :o 9 8 tr\bles pawn$ x 9 ,holl& = #cjj1 :]e x 0 b\ght by ,gov]nor ,yale & sold at 8 sale = #cbj1 suppos$ = ! ,pret5d]4 ,aft]w>ds x came into ! possession ( ! ,e>l ( ,ilay1 ,duke ( ,argyle1 & probably f him to ,mr4 ,bla%=d4 ,9 ^! /atem5ts !re is probably a confusion betwe5 ! diamond ( ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 kn[n lat] z t ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 & a diamond signet ( ,*>les ,i1 = su* a signet is said to h be5 giv5 to ,bi%op ,juxon by ,*>les j be=e 8 execution4 ,we h e reason to believe t ,h5rietta ,m>ia bore h] own signet ) h] :5 %e left ,engl&4 ,! r+ conta9+ ?is hi/oric diamond 0 pur*as$ at ! sale ( ,june #ai1 #ahag1 by ,dr4 ,curry 7probably ,james ,curry1 ,m4,d41 physician at ,guy's ,hospital7 = ! sum ( #ij #fs 7#dej71 al?\gh a contempor>y lett] /ates t ! sum 0 #hf1 & adds t ! /one itself 0 wor? b #aj4 ,! r+ 0 subsequ5tly acquir$ by an ag5t1 ,van ,prague1 & aft] pass+ ?r\gh sev]al h&s came into ! possession ( ,mr4 ,lev]son1 a diamond deal] ( ,p>is1 :o sold x to ! ,duke ( ,brunswick4 ,at "o "t x 0 own$ by ! ,e>l ( ,bu*an1 & x 0 exhibit$ at ,holyrood 9 #ahdc1 :5 sev]al rock cry/al models 7 made ( x4 ,"o ( ^! s]v$ ,mr4 ,=tnum z a /&>d ( comp>ison = ! id5tification ( ! ,duke ( ,brunswick's diamond4 ,! /one is a table diamond & is engrav$ ) ! arms ( ,engl& & ,france 9 ! fir/ & f\r? qu>t]s1 ) ^? ( ,scotl& 9 ! second qu>t]1 & ^? ( ,irel& 9 ! ?ird4 ,9 #ahhg1 on ! occasion ( ,que5 ,victoria's ,jubilee1 ?is signet 0 pres5t$ to ! que5 by ,mr4 ,drury ,=tnum1 & x is n[ 9 ! royal collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le4#bgj ,illu/ration3 ,,r+s ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,kun/gew]be ,,museum1 ,,vi5na #a & #c1 r+s ( ,empress ,eleonora1 wife ( ,f]d9& ,,iii 7#afjh-afeg72 enamel$ gold2 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 #b1 gold r+ said to h belong$ to ,m>y ( ,burgundy1 daught] ( ,*>les ! ,bold1 & wife ( ,maximilian ,i41 ,emp]or ( ,g]many4 ,be>s an ,m =m$ ( black diamonds & has twice on ! inn] side ! monogram ( ,m>ia 9 ,go?ic capitals4 #d1 r+ ) m9iature portraits ( ,emp]or ,ma?ias & 8 wife ,empress ,anne2 enamel$ gold2 #afab-afai4 #e1 7a7 r+ ) wat* by ,johann ,putz ( ,augsburg1 & 7b7 lid made ( an em]ald on :i* ! ,au/rian d\ble-eagle is engrav$2 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 #f1 r+ ) a sun-dial1 ! lid repres5t+ a h$gehog /udd$ ) black diamond loz5ges2 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 #g & #h1 two r+s set ) topaz2 enamel$ gold2 ,sixte5? & ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 #i1 bronze r+1 ) head ( ,*ri/ 9 :ite enamel on blue gr\nd1 ! hair be+ ( gold2 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 #aj1 r+ set ) a rock cry/al1 engrav$ ) ! arms ( an ,au/rian ar*duke4 ,on ! inn] side is a sun-dial2 ,sev5te5? c5tury4 #aa1 r+ ) a m9iature portrait ( ,empress ,claudia ,felicitas2 enamel$ gold4 ,illu/ration3 ,,impression ,,( ,,signet4 ,d\ble size l9e>4 ,,signet ,,r+1 ,,*>les ,i4 ,d\ble size l9e>4 ,,signet ,,r+ ,,( ,,*>les ,i ,! ri*ly ornam5t$ gold hoop has on its %\ld]s a lion & a unicorn ( *isel$ /eel4 ,on ! bezel is a /eel plate engrav$ ) ! ,royal arms1 ^? ( ,france & ,engl& 9 ! fir/ & f\r? qu>t]s2 9 ! second1 ! arms ( ,scotl&2 & 9 ! ?ird1 ! ,iri% h>p4 ,on ! sides ( ! gold base ( ! bezel is ! inscription3 8,dieu et mon droit10 ins]t$ 9 /eel lett]s ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ engrav$ diamonds is ! signet ( ,*>les ,i ( ,engl&1 :5 ,pr9ce ( ,wales4#bga ,?is is a l>ge %ield-%ap$ diamond engrav$ 9 intaglio ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales' fea!rs betwe5 ! lett]s ,c4,p4 & issu+ f a coronet2 on a ribbon b5ea? appe>s ! motto ,,i* ,,di54 ,! /one is set 9 a r+ ( enamell$ gold4 ,! engrav+ is f9ely execut$ & deeply cut4 ,?is signet has (t5 be5 reg>d$ z t ( ,*>les ,,ii1 b all d\bt z to ! orig9al own] is set at re/ by ! exi/5ce ( an autograph lett] ( ,*>les ,i1 9 ! possession ( ,m4 ,lab\*re ( ,p>is1 be>+ its impress4 ,! ,royal ,collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le also conta9s ! signet us$ by ,*>les ,i1 z ,k+4 ,x has a ri*ly ornam5t$ hoop1 to :i* are atta*$1 at ! %\ld]s1 *isel$ /eel figures ( a lion & a unicorn4 ,! gold bezel has a /eel fac+ con/itut+ ! seal4 ,?is is engrav$ ) ! royal arms2 9 ! fir/ & f\r? qu>t]s1 ! arms ( ,engl& & ( ,france2 9 ! second qu>t]1 ^? ( ,scotl&2 9 ! f\r? qu>t]1 ! ,iri% h>p4 ,on ! gold base ( ! bezel is ! motto3 ,dieu et mon ,droit1 ins]t$ 9 lett]s ( /eel4 ,?is con/itutes an exceptionally f9e example ( composite metal-"w4 ,! ar*ologi/1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 sugge/s t x may be ! "w ( ! 8,inimitable ,simon10 z he 0 call$1 :o lat] engrav$ dies = ! co9age ( ! ,"l ,protector1 ,oliv] ,cromwell1 al?\gh he admits t x may h be5 execut$ by ,v&]doort1 :o 0 comm&$ 9 #afbe to make patt]n pieces = ! co9age ( ,*>les ,i1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,k+'s reign4#bgb ,a signet r+ us$ by ,kais] ,william ,,ii is set ) a r$di%-:ite onyx1 on :i* has be5 engrav$ a %ield be>+ ! ,g]man eagle1 & surm\nt$ by a cr[n & ! lett]s1 ,w4 ,,ii4 ,i4 ,r41 ,wilhelm d] ,zweite1 ,imp]ator ,rex4 ,?is signet belong$ to ! pres5t ,kais]'s gr&fa!r ,william ,i1 & has be5 adapt$ to ! pres5t mon>*'s use4 ,signet r+s 7 v popul> 9 ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury & into ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,!n1 lat] on1 !y 7 reviv$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ?is revival cont9u+ into ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,9 ! e>li] p]iod x 0 cu/om>y to engrave ! cre/ & motto1 or ! full arms & motto1 on ! r+ /one1 :i* 0 g5]ally blood/one or c>nelian1 occasionally :ite *alc$ony1 m r>ely lapis lazuli1 9 contradi/9ction to ! l>ge seal fobs1 9 :i* ! favorite /ones 7 ame?y/1 rock cry/al1 smoky topaz 7qu>tz v>iety71 pale *alc$ony or "s light] color$ mat]ial4 ,_m signet r+s 7 engrav$ ^u gold1 ! sides ( ! r+s be+ also engrav$1 z a g5]al rule4 ,s9ce ! ye> #aijj1 great int]e/ has be5 ar\s$ 9 seal r+s1 _m ( ! designs ( :i* are incis$ 9 gold or 9 plat9um1 ! entire r+ be+ ( gold or plat9um1 or hav+ a plat9um disk set 9 a gold hoop4 ,! entire v>iety ( fancy /ones is us$3 pale ame?y/1 ruby1 b]yl1 aquam>9e1 zircon1 g>net1 s>d :i* has be5 /a9$ br[n1 c>nelian 7r>ely71 blood/one1 & jade--bo? ! nephrite v>iety f ,new ,zeal& & ,russia & ! jadeite v>iety f\nd at ,bahmo1 ,burma4 ,occasionally ! seals ( r+s are made ( f9e sapphires1 em]alds1 or rubies1 & sell = f #a1jjj to #aj1jjj1 or ev5 m4 ,seal r+s 7 ext5sively worn 9 ! p]iod f ab\t #ahfe to #ahhe4 ,frequ5tly ^! _h absolutely no?+ engrav$ ^u !m4 ,! sett+ 0 (t5 an oblong1 rectangul> onyx1 sometimes "o in* or "o & a qu>t] in*es long4 ,occasionally ^u ?is 0 inset a rose diamond initial2 or else ! initial 0 cut ^u ! /one--:5 ! onyx 0 black on top--r>ely a cre/4 ,9 _m cases ! /one 0 :ite above & p9k bel[1 a s>donyx1 & ! initial 0 cut ?r\gh ! light lay]4 ,or else x 0 :ite or pale gray on a black gr\nd4 ,! g5]al effect 0 ?us gray1 ! gem be+ ( ! type kn[n z nicolo4 ,!n came ! cameo r+s1 ) designs ei!r black on :ite or br[n on :ite1 s>donyx2 or :ite on gre51 *rysonyx4 ,lat] aga9 ta/e develop$ = intaglio r+s4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 in/ead ( /ones ( a br[ni% or :iti% gray1--*alc$ony1--^? ( a pale br[n or a d>k br[n 7 *os5 & ^! 7 call$ s>d4 ,because ( ! br[n hue1 ! t]m onyx 0 also appli$ to !m4 ,?is mu/ n be confus$ ) ! antique s>d :i* result$ f burn+ a /one ( a diff]5t hue1 z 9 ! case ( ! antique c>nelian also4 ,! transluc5t or opaque v>ieties1 ) ri* r$ or d>k br[n top1 7 call$ s>d1 :]eas ! pal] transluc5t & almo/ transp>5t v>ieties1--:5 pale r$1 yell[i% r$ or almo/ yell[1--7 call$ c>nelian4 ,:ile ! natal gem 9 a simple b effective sett+ is ! mo/ appropriate r+ = a girl or boy1 a small seal r+ = ! boy1 :5 he is ab\t #ab ye>s old is n unfitt+1 ! seal be+ s well-execut$ t x may s]ve him :5 he has rea*$ manhood4 ,= v "y *ildr51 no /one c be giv5 ! pref]5ce ov] ! turquoise1 :i* 9 its delicacy & beauty ( color _c be excell$4 ,small pe>ls are also us$1 or t9y brilliant rubies4#bgc ,9 a brightly-writt5 tale = *ildr51 ! /yle ( :i* is r pron\nc$ly 8up-to-date10 a sapphire signet is an important elem5t ( ! /ory4 ,long ye>s ago1 9 ! isl& ( ,b]muda1 9 ! ,revolution>y p]iod1 ?is heirloom 0 surreptiti\sly secur$ by a "y girl1 to :om x 0 de/9$ on h] com+ ( age1 b :o 0 *ildi%ly impati5t to ga9 possession ( x be=e ! "t4 ,! little h]o9e comes to ,new ,york & "u ! /ress ( a weird ,tory plot1 hides away h] signet 9 ! false bottom ( an old trunk1 /or$ away 9 ! g>ret ( ! ,*>lton ,/reet h\se 9 :i* %e has liv$4 ,"h1 m ?an a c5tury lat]1 a gr\p ( bright *ildr5 f9d a di>y ( ! long-dead h]o9e writt5 9 ciph]4 ,"o ( !m is clev] en\gh to unravel ?is my/]y & !y f9ally succe$ 9 f9d+ ! hidd5 signet4#bgd ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ ) m9iature portrait1 giv5 by ,wa%+ton to ,lafayette on ! latt]'s return to ,france4 ,see pages #aia & #aib4 ,x is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,g/a ,frln ( ,falun1 ,sw$5 ,illu/ration3 ,photograph ( two impressions 9 seal+ wax1 made by ,presid5t ,woodr[ ,wilson1 ( 8 seal r+1 ! inscription read+ 8,woodr[ ,wilson10 9 ,pitmanic %or?&4 #aiaf ,illu/ration3 ,episcopal seal ( ,"r ,rev4 ,david ,h4 ,gre]1 ,bi%op ( ,new ,york4 ,motto3 ,crux mihi grata quies 7,! ,cross is my grateful re/74 ,! %ield be>s ! monogram ( ! bi%op's "n1 above :i* are two keys 9 saltire2 bel[ is ! coat-(-arms ( ,new ,am/]dam4 ,z cre/ is an ,episcopal mitre ,two *>act]i/ic ,ori5tal seal r+s are own$ by ,miss ,joan ,/4 ,mi*ael ,pet]s & ,miss ,ka!r9e ,h>r[]1 bo? ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,! gems ) :i* !y are set 7 b\ght by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,john ,p4 ,pet]s f an ,arab1 9 ! ,kut-el-,am>a region1 :]e ! ,briti% invad]s ( ,mesopotamia und]w5t su* a disa/r\s defeat4 ,!y are engrav$ c>nelians4 ,miss ,pet]s' r+ (f]s ! design ( a w+$ figure4 ,! excell5ce ( ! cutt+ might seem to indicate t x 0 done "s "t betwe5 #ejj ,b4,c4 & ! beg9n+ ( our era1 b a lat] date has be5 assign$ to x by ,pr(4 ,a4 ,v4 ,williams ,jackson ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 :o pron\nces x to be a ,sassanian gem1 & h5ce n old] ?an ! ?ird ,*ri/ian c5tury4 ,! o!r r+1 t belong+ to ,miss ,h>r[]1 appe>s to be ( ! ,seleucidan p]iod1 & may be dat$ f #cjj to #bjj ,b4,c4 ,! inscription1 difficult to deciph]1 %\ld be read 8,khan0 9 ,pr(4 ,jackson's op9ion4 ,"o ( ! mo/ intr9sically valuable ( anci5t signets is t engrav$ = ,con/antius ,,ii 7#cag-cfa ,a4,d474 ,?is is ( sapphire1 ! /one weigh+ #ec ( ! old] c>ats 7#ed4dj metric c>ats74 ,! design %[s ! emp]or 9 ! act ( spe>+ an enorm\s wild bo> on ! pla9s ( ,cs>ea1 ! ,greek inscription xiphius d5ot+ ! sword-l tusks ( ! animal4 ,! exploit is p]=m$ be=e a recl9+ female figure1 a p]sonification ( ! city ,cs>ea ( ,cappadocia4 ,a ,lat9 inscription ,,con/antius4 ,,aug is consid]$ to prove t ?is is v]itably ! emp]or's signet4 ,?is rem>kable gem is 9 ! collection ( ,pr9ce ,trivulzio ( ,milan4#bge ,a novel idea f9ds expression 9 ! r+ ( ,presid5t ,wilson1 on :i* he has _h engrav$ 8 "n 9 /5ographic symbols4 ,?is is 9 ?or\gh agreem5t ) 8 aim to utilize bus9ess me?ods 9 ! adm9i/ration ( national affairs1 to d away ) r\t9e & take ! mo/ direct r\te to ! solution ( national problems4 ,"o ( our two ex-,presid5ts1 ,william ,h4 ,taft1 s5t u ?is reply3 8,i nev] we> a f+] r+ & nev] h done s4 ,= t reason1 ,i _c comply ) y\r reque/40#bgf ,,iv ,,"s ,,int]e/+ ,,r+s ,,( ,,hi/ory ,! pr9cipal types ( ! r+s us$ z insignia1 religi\s or secul>1 or z signets1 z well z ( ^? devot$ to "s special purpose or believ$ to possess talismanic or magic virtue are treat$ ( 9 o!r *apt]s4 ,!re are _m r+s1 h[ev]1 :i* owe _! *ief or only int]e/ to _! association ) "s p>ticul> hi/oric p]sonage1 ev5t or p]iod1 :ile (t5 ! m]e fact t ! ornam5t has be5 own$ by a fam\s p]son suffices to make x preci\s & int]e/+2 9 a numb] ( cases ! r+ itself has be5 closely connect$ ) "s important hi/oric happ5+ or else ) "s *]i%$ leg5d4 ,examples ( ?is are ! r+ ( ,essex 9 ,elizabe?'s "t1 & ! leg5d>y r+ ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 reg>d+ ! /one sett+ ( :i* sev]al discrepant acc\nts exi/4 ,! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ,p>is has 9 its ,cab9et des ,mdailles1 two massive gold r+s1 9 ea* ( :i* ! *aton is =m$ by an anci5t co94 ,9 "o is set a r>e gold qu9>ius ( ,maxim9us 7#bce-bch ,a4,d47 ) 8 effigy1 & ! r+ is believ$ to h be5 made dur+ ?is giant emp]or's brief reign2 ! o!r be>s a gold5 solidus probably ( ,clotaire ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ! ,franks1 :o reign$ f #ehd to #fbh ,a4,d4 ,?is co9 %[s a figure ( ! k+ ) ! "n ,*lot>ius ,rex1 & ! m9t-m>k ( ! city ( ,arras4 ,! co9 is m ?an in* 9 diamet]4#bgg ,9 a ,franki% sepul*re at ,laub5heim1 ne> ,b+51 ,hess5-,d>m/adt1 0 f\nd a gold r+ on ! bezel ( :i* is engrav$ ! head ( a woman1 turn$ to ! "r1 ar\nd :i* are ! lett]s ( ! ,go?ic "n ,hunila4 ,a pr9cess ( ?is "n 0 m>ri$1 ab\t #bhj ,a4,d41 to ,qu9tus ,bonosius1 "o ( ! ,?irty ,tyrants :o e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! ,roman ,empire dur+ ! %ort & tr\bl$ reign ( ,probus 7#bhj-bha74 ,:ile ! r+ we describe _c be assign$ to su* an e>ly p]iod1 b probably belongs to ! end ( ! six? or ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury ( our era1 ! intr9sic value & ! workman%ip1 sup]ior = ! place & "t1 r5d] x likely t ?is ,hunila1 also1 0 ( royal race & /ation4 ,9 ! sepul*re :i* yield$ ?is r+ !re 0 a *a9 ( amb] & ame?y/ beads4#bgh ,! ,p]sian poet-philosoph]1 ,saadi1 relates 9 8 ,guli/an1 or 8,g>d5 ( ,roses10 a /ory illu/rat+ h[ a happy *ance may d m to help ! atta9m5t ( a tempor>y success ?an special ability or tra9+4 ,a ,p]sian sov]eign1 passionately devot$ to ar*]y1 det]m9$ to make a crucial te/ ( ! skill ( 8 mo/ fam\s ar*]s1 & to /imulate _! ef=ts by ! be/[al ( a ri* prize4 ,to ?is end he caus$ a r+ set ) an imm5sely valuable preci\s /one to be susp5d$ above ! dome ( ,azad on ! mosque ne> ,%iraz1 & proclaim$ to all m5 t ?is r+ w\ld be giv5 to ! "o :o succe$$ 9 %oot+ an arr[ ?r\gh its hoop4 ,despite ! app>5t impossibility ( ! task1 sev]al hundr$ ( ! ,%ah's ar*]s /rove to fulfil ! conditions ( ! trial1 b 9 va94 ,sudd5ly ! ,%ah & 8 companions1 :o 7 closely wat*+ ! conte/1 saw1 to _! amazem5t1 an arr[ spe$ ?r\gh ! air & exactly trav]se ! r+4 ,none ( ! ar*]s be=e ! mosque _h be5 %oot+ at ! mom5t1 & only aft] a c>eful se>* _h be5 made did x come out t ! arr[ _h be5 %ot (f by a y\? at play 9 a ne>by g>d5 ( a mona/]y4 ,nev]!less1 ! royal ^w _h be5 pl$g$1 & ! r+ 0 adjudg$ to ! y\?4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 %[$ 8 wisdom by break+ 8 b[ & arr[s1 & nev] try+ ano!r %ot1 ?us keep+ unsulli$ 8 reputation z a great ar*]4#bgi ,"o ( ! ,lat9 treatises ( ,petr>* tells ( a c>buncle or ruby1 worn set 9 a r+ by ,john ,,ii ( ,france1 & believ$ to possess talismanic p[]4 ,! poet rem>ks1 h[ev]1 t ?is /one did n pres]ve ! ,k+ f be+ defeat$ & made prison] at ! battle ( ,poiti]s 9 #acef4 ,?is ruby 0 tak5 by ! ,engli%1 b 0 return$ to ,john sev]al ye>s lat]1 s t he 0 able aga9 8to see an object ( inf9ite value1 b ( no use :atev]40 ,:ile admitt+ ! beauty ( gems1 ,petr>* did n %>e ! belief common 9 8 day t !y possess$ occult p[]s4#bhj ,( ! diamond he says t1 :ile 9 anci5t times x 0 a gem worn only by k+s1 9 8 own day luxury & pride _h increas$ to su* an ext5t t _m :o 7 n k+s possess$ ! /one1 & ev5 "s ( ! common p wore x on _! f+]s4#bha ,a r+ call$ ! 8,friday ,r+0 is li/$ among ! jewels ( ,*>les ,v ( ,france 7#accg-achj71 9 ! inv5tory made 9 #acgi4 ,?is _h on ei!r side a d\ble black cross 9 niello "w1 & 0 set ) a cameo be>+ a crucifix & ! figures ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,/4 ,john & two angels4 ,! "n 0 d]iv$ f ! fact t ! k+ wore ?is r+ e ,friday1 d\btless 9 memory ( ! ,crucifixion1 :i* took place on t day4#bhb ,!re is also m5tion ( ano!r r+1 set ) a l>ge ruby1 8! =m ( a halfbean4 ,?is is ! ruby :i* belong$ to ,/4 ,l\is 7#abae-abgj71 & :i* has always be5 gu>d$ successively by ! k+s ( ,france40#bhc ,!re seems to be "s likelihood t ?is 0 ! highly priz$ ruby lo/ by ,k+ ,john ,,ii ab\t #aceg1 & 9 ?is case x mu/ h be5 re/or$ to ! ,fr5* treasury4 ,/ill ano!r r+ 0 set ) a l>ge ruby1 call$ ! 8ruby de la ,caille10 :i* _h =m]ly belong$ to ! dukes ( ,brittany & _h be5 giv5 to ,k+ ,*>les by ,monseigneur d',anj\4 ,a note to ?is inv5tory in=ms u t ! t]m 8ruby d',alex&rie10 s (t5 met ) 9 old ,fr5* li/s ( jewels1 d5otes a ruby b\ght 9 ,alex&ria1 :]e _m ( ! f9e/ preci\s /ones f ! ,ea/ 7 dealt 9 dur+ m$ieval times4#bhd ,! battlefield ( ,ag9c\rt1 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,pas-de-,calais1 n f> remov$ f ! tr5*es ( ! ,anglo-,fr5* army 9 ! great w> ( to-day1 0 visit$ 9 #ahae by ,g5]al ,sir ,john ,wood=d1 :o 0 s]v+ ) ! ,gr5adi] ,gu>ds4 ,hop+ to une>? a few relics ( ! fam\s battle he _h "s excavations made1 & 8 ef=ts 7 rew>d$ by ! discov]y ( sev]al knightly r+s inscrib$ ) mottoes or posies4 ,ab\t #ahej "o ( ^! r+s1 :i* _h probably be5 worn by a ,fr5* noble1 0 %[n at a meet+ ( ! ,london ,ar*ological ,in/itute4 ,! battle ( ,ag9c\rt1 :]e ! ,fr5* army 0 decisively defeat$ by ,h5ry ,v ( ,engl&1 0 f\ght ,octob] #be1 #adae1 on ! day ( ,/s4 ,crisp9 & ,crispian1 & inspir$ ,%akespe>e ) ! foll[+ pr\d l9es address$ by ! ,engli% k+ to 8 soldi]s3 ,& ,crisp9 ,crispian %all ne'er g by ,f ?is day to ! end+ ( ! _w1 ,b we 9 x %all be rememb]$4 ,hung>y's great h]o1 ,john ,hunyady 7#achg8-adef71 _h 9 8 coat ( arms a rav5 hold+ a r+ 9 its beak4 ,! leg5d>y explanation ( ?is is t ,k+ ,sigismund once gave a r+ to 8 mi/ress1 ! h]o's "m1 z a passport = entrance to ! c\rt4 ,"o day ! royal p>5t wi%$ to see 8 (fspr+1 & ! *ild's uncle receiv$ ord]s to br+ x to ! c\rt4 ,on 8 way ?i!r1 :ile trav]s+ a piece ( woodl&1 ! man came to a cle>+ & sat d[n on ! grass to repose himself1 giv+ ! preci\s r+1 8 tok5 to ! k+1 to ! *ild z a play?+4 ,sudd5ly a rav5 swoop$ d[n f a tree1 pick$ up ! r+ & flew away ) x2 b ! man caught up a b[ he _h ) him & sp$ a %aft aft] ! bird1 :i* fell dead to ! gr\nd ) ! r+ /ill tightly held 9 its beak4 ,:51 9 lat] ye>s1 ! illegitimate *ild grew up & f9ally asc5d$ ! ?rone ( ,hung>y1 ?is ev5t 0 figur$ on 8 coat ( arms by ! emblems ( ! rav5 & ! r+4#bhe ,:5 ! ,con/able ,l\is ( ,luxemb\rg 0 condemn$ to dea? 9 #adge1 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xi ( ,france1 he drew f 8 f+] a small gold r+ set ) a diamond & reque/$ ! fa!r confessor to (f] x to ! image ( ,our ,lady ( ,p>is4 ,!n1 turn+ to ! ,franciscan monk1 ,jean de ,sordun1 he said3 8,"h is a /one ,i h long worn on my neck & :i* ,i h greatly priz$1 = x resi/s poison1 & also protects aga9/ pe/il5ce4 ,i pray y to take ?is /one = me to my son1 to :om y w say t ,i beg him to keep x = love ( me40 ,?is t\*+ mission 0 nev] fulfill$1 = aft] ! execution ( ! ,con/able1 ! c\rt ord]$ t ! /one %\ld be giv5 to ,k+ ,l\is4 ,! diamond r+1 h[ev]1 0 duly d$icat$ to ! image ( ! ,virg94#bhf ,( ,l\is ,,xi himself1 ! *ronicl] qua9tly says3 8,be=e 8 dea? he suff]$ mu* f v>i\s diseases = ! cure ( :i* ! physicians :o att5d$ him concoct$ dreadful & wond]ful m$ic9es4 ,may ^! illnesses procure ! salvation ( 8 s\l60#bhg ,"s int]e/+ hi/oric r+s are 9 ! f9e collection ( ,dr4 ,alb]t ,figdor1 ,vi5na4 ,"o ( !m is a gold r+ believ$ to h belong$ to ,m>y ( ,burgundy1 7d4 #adhb7 daught] ( ,*>les ! ,bold1 & wife ( ,maximilian ,i ( ,g]many4 ,on ! r+ is ! lett] ,m =m$ ( black diamonds1 & ! monogram ( ! "n ,m>ia1 9 ,go?ic *>act]s1 appe>s twice on its inn] side4 ,two enamel$ gold r+s ( ,empress ,eleonora1 ?ird wife ( ,f]d9& ,,iii ( ,g]many 7#afjh-afeg71 are good examples ( sev5te5? c5tury "w4 ,m int]e/+ is a r+ be>+ m9iature portraits ( ,emp]or ,ma?ias ( ,g]many 7#aeeg-afai7 & 8 wife ,empress ,anne4#bhh ,! fir/ hi/orical in/ance ( writ+ ) a diamond po9t conc]ns ,francis ,i1 :o wrote1 ) ! diamond ( 8 r+1 ^u a pane ( glass 9 ! ,ca/le ( ,*ambord1 ! foll[+ (t-quot$ l9es3 ,s\v5t femme v>ie1 ,mal habile qui s'y fie4 ,! k+ 8engrav$0 ^! l9es 9 su* a conspicu\s place t !y might be se5 by 8 favorite1 ,anne de ,pisseleu1 ,du*esse d',e/ampes1 & make x cle> to h] t 8 jeal\sy 0 ar\s$ by h] conduct4#bhi ,! /ory runs t ! celebrat$ si/] ( ,francis1 ,m>gu]ite de ,valois1 au?oress ( ! ,heptam]on1 :o 0 on v fri5dly t]ms ) ! ,du*esse d',e/ampes1 imm$iately capp$ ?is di/i* by writ+ ) h] diamond-po9t ! foll[+ rejo9d]3#bij ,s\v5t homme v>ie1 ,bi5 folle qui s'y fie4 ,brantme1 :o relates t he saw ! w9d[-pane inscription ( ,francis ,i at ,*ambord1 m]ely cites ! fir/ words3 8,s\v5t femme v>ie10 & z !re is consid]able lack ( agreem5t z to ! second l9e1 ?is may h be5 add$ by ^? :o report$ ! writ+1 accord+ to _! own idea ( :at a cont9uation %\ld be4 ,!re is a r vague rumor t ! glass 0 brok5 out by ord] ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 ! fact be+ t x is no long] 9 exi/5ce & evid5tly disappe>$ at lea/ a c\ple ( c5turies ago4#bia ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady1 ,,pa9t$ ,,9 ,,cologne1 ,,ab\t #aebf4 ,r+ set ) a po9t$ diamond on index ( "r h&1 small r+ on little f+] ( ! same h&2 two r+s on index ( left h& & "o on f\r? f+] ( ! same h&2 all set ) preci\s /ones ,knigli*e ,gemlde-,gal]ie1 ,cassel ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man1 ,,by ,,hans ,,funk1 ,,pa9t$ ,,9 #aebc ,l>ge seal r+ on "r h& =ef+] & two on left h&1 "o on =ef+] & "o on f\r? f+] ,gall]y at ,basel1 ,switz]l& ,a r+ set ) a pyramidal diamond1 "o ( ! type us$ by ,francis ,i on ?is occasion1 is %[n 9 ! ,londesbor\gh ,collection4 ,?is r+1 :i* dates f ! sixte5? c5tury & is ( ,italian workman%ip1 is kn[n z a 8t[] r+10 possibly because ^? conf9$ 9 ! ,t[] ( ,london 7 able to use su* r+s = writ+ names or v]ses ^u ! w9d[panes ( _! prison4#bib ,/ill ano!r /ory ( diamond-po9t writ+1 probably ev5 less well atte/$ ?an ! anecdote ( ,francis ,i1 is t ref]r+ to ,que5 ,elizabe? & ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh4#bic ,on ! occasion ( an int]view ) ! wily que51 ,sir ,walt]1 r di/ru/ful ( ! royal enc\ragem5t accord$ him1 is said to h gone to a w9d[ 9 ! royal audi5ce *amb] & writt5 on ! w9d[-pane ) 8 diamond r+3 ,fa9 w\ld ,i climb1 b t ,i fe> to fall4 ,= answ] ! que5 scrat*$ b5ea? ?is ! foll[+ admonition1 at once an enc\ragem5t & a w>n+3 ,if ?y he>t fail !e1 d n climb at all4 ,an eighte5? c5tury in/ance ( diamond-po9t writ+ on a pane ( glass 0 report$ 9 an old newspap]4#bid ,a celebrat$ ,engli% beauty ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :ile soj\rn+ at ! fam\s ,engli% wat]+-place1 ,ba?1 wrote on a w9d[-pane ! foll[+ impromptu l9es3 ,9 va91 9 va9 is all y've said1 ,= ,i'm resolv$ to die a ,maid4 ,9 answ] to ?is a g5tleman ( h] acqua9tance cut ?is rejo9d]1 ! idea be+ bett] ?an ! rhyme3 ,! ,lady :o ?is resolution took1 ,wrote x on ,glass to %[ x might be broke4 ,! visitor :o relates ?is /ates t on return+ to ,ba? at a lat] "t1 he f\nd t ! w9d[-pane _h be5 remov$1 & a new "o sub/itut$4 ,did ?is mean t ! v[ _h be5 brok58 ,illu/ration3 ,,m$al ,,%[+ ,,r+1 ,,/ruck ,,9 #aegh ,,= ,,john ,,casimir1 ,,c\nt ,,palat9e1 ,,to ,,commemorate ,,8 ,,alliance ,,) ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,anj\ ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,spani% ,,9 ,,! ,,l[ ,,c\ntries ,! clasp$ h&s signify indissoluble fri5d%ip2 ! palm & olive bran*es1 victory & peace2 & ! diamond1 c\rage ,illu/ration3 ,,m$al ,,%[+ ,,r+1 ,,/ruck ,,= ,,h5ri ,,ii ,,( ,,france1 ,,9 #aeed1 ,,9 ,,commemoration ,,( ,,8 ,,campaign ,,to ,,fl&]s ,! diamond is a symbol ( dauntless c\rage2 ! cr[n$ fi% probably d5otes ! rul] ( ,fl&]s2 ! palm bran* & olive bran* above signify ! ,fr5* ,k+'s victory ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,diane ,,de ,,poiti]s 7#adii-aeff7 ,mi/ress ( ,h5ri ,,ii ( ,france1 :o gave h] ! spl5did ,*teau de ,*5onceaux4 ,%e _h great arti/ic ta/e & possess$ _m jewels4 ,to h] ability1 k & p[] 7 due "s ( ! f9e/ ar*itectural & mobili>y a*ievem5ts ( ! p]iod4 ,muse de ,v]sailles ,! use ( r+s set ) natural diamond-po9ts 9 a symbolical s5se1 z 9 ! case ( ! ?ree int]lac$ r+s =m+ ! impresa ( ,cosimo de' ,m$ici1 probably _h to d ) ! anci5t tradition t ! diamond conf]r$ c\rage or ev5 inv9cibility ^u ! we>]4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ?is type ( r+ is figur$ on ! rev]se ( c]ta9 8campaign m$als0 issu$ 9 commemoration ( important exp$itions4 ,su* is ! m$al /ruck = ,h5ri ,,ii ( ,france :51 9 #aeed1 he set out f ,*ampagne to invade ,fl&]s4 ,on ! rev]se ( ?is m$al !re is )9 ! r+ a palm bran* & an olive bran*1 significant ( an unconqu]able s\l & ( victory4 ,across ! bottom ( ! hoop is a fi% ( a species v common 9 ,fl&]s1 on ! head ( :i* is a cr[n1 ?is app>5tly d5ot+ ! rul] ( t l&4 ,! diamond emphasizes ! idea ( an unbrok5 & unconqu]$ s\l4 ,9 a simil> ?\gh slightly diff]5t s5se mu/ be expla9$ ! diamond-set r+ on a 8campaign m$al0 /ruck 9 #aegh = ,john ,casimir1 ,c\nt ,palat9e2 ?is is also a memorial ( "o ( ! p]iodical incursions into unhappy ,fl&]s4 ,z ! ,c\nt ,palat9e 0 at ?is "t 9 alliance ) ! !n ,duke ( ,anj\1 bro!r ( ,h5ri ,,iii ( ,france1 ! hoop ( ! r+ t]m9ates 9 two clasp$ h&s1 d5ot+ ! fa/ fri5d%ip ( ! allies1 :i* 01 h[ev]1 ( v unc]ta9 duration4 ,! ri* ,arundel ,collection1 *iefly br\ght toge!r by a ,"l ,h[>d ( ,arundel1 t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 incorporat$ 9 ! ,m>lbor\gh ,cab9et & lat] disp]s$1 includ$ a beautifully adorn$ gold r+ set ) a spl5did lapis lazuli on :i* a ,roman engrav] _h cut ! design ( ,h]cules wre/l+ ) ,antu4 ,! hoop ( ?is r+ is ornam5t$ on ! inside ) two fleur-de-lys 9 :ite enamel1 ! entire r+ be+ cov]$ ) arabesques ( entw9$ v9e bran*es 9 black enamel4 ,9 8 description1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+ conjectures f ! /yle ( ornam5tation t ! r+ may h belong$ to "o ( ! ,valois k+s ( ,france4#bie ,on ! accession ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 he is said to h f\nd 9 ! royal treasury a case conta9+ a r+1 accompani$ by a memor&um to ! foll[+ effect1 9 ! h&writ+ ( ,k+ ,fr$]ick ,i 7#afhh-agdj73 8,?is r+ 0 giv5 to me by my fa!r on 8 dea?-b$1 ) ! rem9d] t s long z x 0 pres]v$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,br&5burg1 ?is w\ld n only prosp]1 b w\ld gr[ & increase40 ,! way 9 :i* ,fr$]ick ! ,great spoke ( ?is r+ illu/rates at once 8 habitual scepticism & 8 devotion to family tradition1 = :ile decl>+ t he put no fai? 9 ! peculi> virtues ( su* an object1 he gave /rict injunctions t x %\ld be c>efully pres]v$4 ,a r d\btful tradition designates ?is r+ z ! "o said to h be5 surreptiti\sly remov$ f ! h& ( ,fr$]ick ,william ,i1 :5 he 0 dy+1 by ! ,c\ntess ,li*t5au4 ,! dy+ k+ feebly prote/+ aga9/ ?is spoliation1 murmur$3 8,h] d5 ,r+0 7,give back ! r+71 b ! c\ntess sav$ ! situation by say+ to ^? assembl$ 9 ! dea?*amb]3 8,he wants to h a h]r+60 ,?is same tradition attributes ! subsequ5t disa/r\s defeat ( ,prussia by ,napoleon ,i to ! loss ( ! r+1 :i* ! c\ntess f9ally yield$ to ,fr$]ick ,william ,,iii 9 #ahac1 :]eupon ! =tunes ( w> *ang$ & ,prussia 0 av5g$ = h] humiliations4 ,h(ra? ,s*neid]1 = a long "t read] to ,emp]or ,william ,i1 relates t :5 he que/ion$ t mon>* t\*+ ! /ory ( ! r+1 he only le>n$ t x _h be5 a long "t 9 ! ,hoh5zoll]n family2 t x 0 an old-fa%ion$ r+1 & t x 0 set ) 8a pla91 d>k-color$ /one40 ,emp]or ,william did n display mu* int]e/ 9 ! matt] & did n appe> to h any sup]/iti\s rev]5ce = ! r+4#bif ,an old ,portuguese r+ has a half-sph]e ( rock cry/al set 9 silv]4 ,at ! side ( ! bezel is a m9ute cat*1 & :5 ?is is put back1 ! cry/al sett+1 h+$ on ! opposite side1 c be rais$1 reveal+ b5ea? a t9y ,/4 ,&rews cross 9 gold1 ) a small ruby set 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is r+ is 9 ! possession ( an ,engli%man1 a desc5dant ( ! ,duke ( ,pet]bor\gh :o f\ght 9 ! ,p59sula ,w> "u ,well+ton4 ,9 "o ( ! battles he 0 s]i\sly w\nd$1 & 0 k9dly & c>efully nurs$ by a ,portuguese family4 ,a n unnatural result 0 t he fell 9 love ) "o ( ! daught]s & m>ri$ h]4 ,! r+ is said to h =m$ "p ( h] ance/ral jewels1 & ?is may be reg>d$ z a *>act]i/ic example ( ! ,portuguese art ( ! pa/ 9 r+-mak+4#big ,a gold r+1 said to be "o ( six made = di/ribution among ! conspirators :o plann$ ,napoleon's escape f ,elba 9 ,m>*1 #ahae1 is to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! bezel has a h+$ lid1 on ! inn] side ( :i* is engrav$ 9 relief ! head ( ,napoleon2 on ! out] side is an enamell$ design %[+ ?ree fl[]s on /ems1 a laurel wrea? runn+ ar\nd ! edge4#bih ,:e!r ! /ory ( its hav+ belong$ to "o ( ! conspirators be true or n1 ! concealm5t ( ! ,napoleon head %[s t ?is r+ 0 made =1 & worn by1 an adh]5t ( ! fall5 emp]or1 at a "t :5 x w\ld h be5 dang]\s to proclaim 8 loyalty op5ly4 ,,engli% ,,r+s ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum are two ,anglo-,saxon r+s ( unrivall$ hi/oric int]e/4 ,!y be>1 respectively1 ! names ( ,e!lwulf1 fa!r ( ,alfr$ ! ,great & ( ,e!ls)1 8 si/]1 ! que5 ( ,m]cia4 ,bo? ( ^! r+s are ( gold4 ,9 t ( ,k+ ,e!lwulf ! flat hoop rises 9 front 9 ! =m ( a high mitre-%ap$ bezel %[+ ! design ( a conv5tional tree flank$ by two peacocks2 ! gr\nd-"w is ( niello4 ,! niello$ leg5d ar\nd ! hoop reads3 ,,e!lwvlf 4 ,,rex4 ,?is r+ 0 f\nd 9 a c>t-rut at ,lav]/ock1 ,wilt%ire1 9 ! summ] ( #aghj4 ,! r+ ( ,e!lwulf's daught]1 ,e!ls)1 has a circul> bezel ) ! figure ( ! ,lamb ( ,god2 "h also ! design is *as$ on a niello gr\nd4 ,on ea* %\ld] ( ! r+ is figur$ a mon/] on a simil> gr\nd-"w4 ,! inscription1 engrav$ inside ! r+ runs3 ,,eadelzvid4 ,,reg9a4 ,e!ls)'s r+ 0 f\nd 9 ! ,we/ ,rid+ ( ,york%ire1 betwe5 ,ab]=d & ,%]burn1 & 0 ti$ to a dog's coll> by ! f>m] :o discov]$ x4 ,= ?is ignoble use x s]v$ dur+ "s six mon?s until1 to 8 surprise1 ! f>m] le>n$ t 8 r+ 0 ( gold4#bii ,! fam\s r+ kn[n z t ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor 7#ajbd-ajff71cjj & :i* 0 to be us$ z ! ,coronation ,r+ ( ! ,k+s ( ,engl&1 0 grant$ on ,novemb] #ad1 #achi1 by ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii1 to ! ,abbot1 etc41 ( ,we/m9/]1 = ! %r9e ( ! ,confessor 9 ?is *ur*4 ,x is describ$ z 8a c]ta9 r+ ) a preci\s ruby ins]t$ !re940 ,! ,k+ res]v$ ! privilege ( we>+ x :5 he 0 9 ,engl&1 b %\ld he g abroad x 0 to be return$ to ! %r9e4 ,a few ye>s lat] ! ,abbot ( ,we/m9/] appe>s to h be5 guilty ( "s neglig5ce 9 s5d+ ?is r+ to ! sov]eign :5 ! latt] requir$ x = use1 & ! rep5tant abbot craves p>don ( ! k+ & prays t 8 fault %all n invalidate ! *ur*'s rights to ! possession ( ! relic4 ,ne>ly eighty ye>s lat]1 a record dat$ ,decemb] #ba1 #adfh 7#g ,edw>d ,,iv7 regi/]s ! deliv]y by ! =m] keep]1 ,?omas ,arundell1 ( ! ve/m5ts1 clo?s1 relics & jewels ( ! ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,edw>d 9 ,we/m9/] to 8 successor1 ,ri*>d ,t$yngton4#cja ,! jewels & preci\s /ones ( ?is %r9e 7 tak5 away & pawn$ by ,h5ry ,,iii 9 #abfg1 ! mon>* hav+ ent]$ into a solemn engagem5t1 "u ! ,great ,seal1 to return !m 9 a ye>'s "t f ! ensu+ ,mi*aelmas4 ,h5ry also s5t to ! !n ,abbot ( ,we/m9/] a 8,lett] ,obligatory0 promis+ ! re/itution ( ! gems & submitt+ himself 9 ! matt] to ! judgm5t ( ! ,pope & ! ,papal ,legate4 ,! preci\s jewels 7 really re/or$ to ! ,abbey %ortly aft]w>ds1 z is %[n by a docum5t dat$ ,febru>y #aj1 #abfi 7#ec ,h5ry ,,iii74 ,! ruby r+1 be+ a lat] gift1 c\ld n h be5 among !m4#cjb ,a contempor>y entry ref]r+ to ?is %r9e 9 ,edw>d ,i's "t 7#abgb-acjg71 is int]e/+ z ca/+ a sidelight on ! ,engli% co9age at ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,"u date ( #abii1 provision is made = return+ to ! *ur* ( ,we/m9/] ! half ( #ch m>ks ( gold 7ab\t #i1ejj intr9sic value7 t _h be5 tak5 f ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,edw>d = ! jewels s5t to ,que5 ,m>g>et on h] fir/ com+ to ,we/m9/]1 8! co9age be+ s debas$ & real /]l+s r>ely f\nd40#cjc ,! cross on ! summit ( ! ,imp]ial ,/ate ,cr[n ( ,engl&1 z describ$ by ,pr(4 ,t5nant1 is surm\nt$ by a rose-cut sapphire4 ,!re is a tradition t ?is sapphire 0 once set 9 ! r+ ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 a r+ :i*1 accord+ to popul> belief1 0 end[$ ) wond]ful curative virtues1 & gave its successive own]s ! p[] to consecrate ! s-call$ cramp r+s4#cjd ,?is attribution ( ! sapphire is 9 disagreem5t ) ! e>ly notice ( ! ruby r+ giv5 to ,we/m9/] ,abbey by ,ri*>d ,,ii z t ( ! sa9tly ,edw>d1 & also to ! usage long obs]v$ ( sett+ a ruby 9 ! ,coronation ,r+4 ,k+1 9 8 acc\nt ( ,edw>d's r+1 calls att5tion to an entry 9 ! inv5tory ( ,h5ry ,,iii's jewels describ+ a sapphire weigh+ #eb dwts 7ab\t #ccg metric c>ats71 & sugge/s t ?is may be ! l>ge sapphire ( ! ,engli% cr[n4#cje ,:5 ,pope ,hadrian ,,iv 7#aaed-aaei7 ackn[l$g$ ! sov]eignty ( ,h5ry ,,ii ( ,engl& ov] ,irel&1 he s5t to ! mon>* by ,john ( ,salisbury1 ! mess5g] :o bore ! ,brief ( ,inve/iture1 a valuable r+ set ) an exceptionally f9e em]ald4 ,?is hi/orical fact probably sugge/$ ! "n ,em]ald ,isle z a designation = ,irel&4 ,! r+ & ! ,brief 7 c>efully gu>d$ 9 ! royal ar*ives at ! "t ,john ( ,salisbury wrote 8 recital4#cjf ,dur+ ! crusade :i* br\ght into m>tial rivalry two ( ! mo/ romantic figures ( hi/ory1 ,ri*>d ,cur de ,lion & ,salad91 an ,engli% knight1 ,sir ,william ,d',annay1 kill$ a ,s>ac5 pr9ce1 9 #aaib1 & n long aft]w>ds vanqui%$ a lion ne> ! anci5t ,syrian city ( ,acre1 lat] kn[n z ,/4 ,jean d',acre1 z x 0 plac$ "u ! c>e ( ! knights ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,john4 ,z a special & appropriate (f]+ to ,k+ ,ri*>d1 ,sir ,william br\ght him a paw ( ! sla9 lion1 & receiv$ f ! k+ z a recognition ( ! brav]y he _h display$ a r+ f ! royal f+]4 ,! knight 0 also direct$ to be> on 8 cre/ a 8demi ,s>ac50 hold+ 9 "o h& a lion's paw & 9 ! o!r a r+1 s t ! memory ( ! gallant de$s & ( ! royal recomp5se %\ld nev] be =gott54 ,9 #ahef ?is r+ 0 9 ! possession ( ,dawnay1 ,visc\nt ,d[ne1 a l9eal desc5dant ( ! crusad]1 :o /ill bore ! cre/ assign$ by ,ri*>d ,cur de ,lion4#cjg ,! r+ is ( silv] & is set ) a s-call$ toad/one1 ! palatal too? ( a ray1 fam\s 9 m$ival times z a talisman aga9/ poison4#cjh ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii 7#aaih-abaf7 s5t to ,ri*>d ,cur de ,lion f\r gold r+s1 ea* set ) a diff]5t /one4 ,) ! r+s1 ! pope s5t a lett] f ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 ,rome1 dat$ ,may #bh1 #aaih1 9 :i* he wrote t ! f\r /ones 7 symbolical4 ,! v]dant hue ( ! em]ald signifi$ h[ we %\ld believe1 ! cele/ial purity ( ! sapphire1 h[ we %\ld hope1 ! w>m color ( ! g>net1 h[ we %\ld love1 & ! cle> transp>5cy ( ! topaz1 h[ we %\ld act4 ,moreov]1 ! r+-=m also possess$ a symbolical mean+1 r\ndness d5ot+ et]nity1 :i* has nei!r beg9n+ nor end4 ,h5ce ! royal consci5ce _h 9 ! r+ a monition to pass f t]re/rial to cele/ial matt]s1 f temporal to et]nal ?+s4#cji ,9 ! ru9s ( ! palace at ,el?am 9 ,k5t 0 f\nd a gold r+ set ) an ,ori5tal ruby surr\nd$ by five diamonds 9 _! native cry/all9e /ate1 plac$ at equal di/ances f "o ano!r4 ,?is r+ weigh$ ov] half an ounce 7exactly1 #bfg gra9s7 & bore ! foll[+ inscription 9 ,old ,fr5*3 ,qui me port]a expliot]a ,et a grant joye rev5dra4 7,:osoev] we>e? me w d d\ghty de$s1 ,& w return fill$ ) joy47 ,?is motto is believ$ to indicate t ! r+ _h be5 giv5 to a ,crusad] to we> on 8 exp$ition = ! rescue ( ! ,holy ,l& f ! h&s ( ! infidels4 ,t x %\ld h be5 f\nd on ,engli% soil seems to be pro( t ! we>] return$ safely to 8 native l&4#caj ,9 #aggd1 aft] long & urg5t solicitation1 ! ,dean ( ,we/m9/]1 ,dr4 ,john ,?omas1 lat] ,bi%op ( ,ro*e/]1 cons5t$ to ! op5+ ( ! tomb ( ,edw>d ,i ( ,engl& 7#abgb-acjg7 & ! dis9t]m5t ( 8 body4 ,! corpse 0 f\nd closely wrapp$ 9 co>se1 ?ick l95 clo?1 ! face be+ cov]$ ) a face-clo? ( crimson s>c9et4#caa ,! features 7 /ill 9 great "p well-pres]v$ ?\gh ! sk9 0 d>k br[n1 almo/ black4 ,! mon>* _h be5 clo!d ) royal ve/ure & royal insignia1 b no r+ 0 f\nd on ei!r ( ! h&s4 ,! dis9t]m5t ( ,k+ ,canute's body1 h[ev]1 result$ 9 ! f9d+ ( a r+ set ) a l>ge & f9e /one1 ( :at p>ticul> k9d we are n in=m$4 ,:51 9 #aefb1 ! iconocla/ic ,calv9i/s ( ,ca5 broke op5 ! tomb ( ,matilda1 wife ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 9 ! ,abbey ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 !re 0 /ill to be se5 on "o ( ! que5's f+]s a gold r+ set ) a f9e sapphire4 ,?is 0 yield$ to ! ,abbess1 ( ! h\se ( ,montmor5cy1 :o lat] gave x to h] fa!r1 ! fam\s con/able ( ,france1 ,anne de ,montmor5cy1 :5 he att5d$ ,*>les ,,ix on ! latt]'s visit to ,ca5 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! tomb ( ,william ,rufus1 ! ,conqu]or's son1 9 ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral1 0 op5$ 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,i1 & 9 ! du/ ( ! k+ lay a l>ge gold r+4 ,s cu/om>y 0 x at ?is p]iod to h a royal r+ int]r$ ) ! sov]eign's body1 t ev5 :5 ,ri*>d ,,ii left special directions 9 8 w t ! cr[n & sceptre to be buri$ ) him %\ld n be enri*$ ) any preci\s /ones1 he expressly ord]$ t a r+ set ) a preci\s /one & wor? #bj m>ks %\ld be put on 8 f+]4#cab ,:51 9 #acfj1 ! ,e>l ( ,ri*mond m>ri$ ! ,lady ,blan*e1 daught] ( ! ,duke ( ,lanca/]1 ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii gave z pres5ts a r+ ) a ruby & a belt g>ni%$ ) rubies1 em]alds & pe>ls4#cac ,! rubies may h be5 consid]$ especially appropriate1 s9ce ! r$ rose 0 ! emblem ( ! ,h\se ( ,lanca/]4 ,m ?an a c5tury lat]1 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vii1 :5 ,p]k9 ,w>beck utiliz$ 8 /rik+ resemblance to ,edw>d ,,iv 9 support ( 8 claim t he 0 "o ( ! pr9ces sla9 9 ! ,t[]1 9 #adhc1 by ord] ( ,ri*>d ,,iii1 & succe$$ 9 p]suad+ ,edw>d's si/]1 ,m>g>et1 & also ,k+ ,james ,,iv ( ,scotl&1 ( ! tru? ( 8 pret5sions1 "o ( 8 rural ag5ts 9 ,engl& 0 call$ 9 ! conspirators' correspond5ce 8,! ,m]*ant ( ! ,ruby10 a designation design$ to ca/ (f possible suspicion by repres5t+ ! ag5t to be only a gem deal]4 ,!re /ill exi/s 9 ! ,engli% records a pap] dat$ 9 #adde1 ! ye> ( ,m>g>et ( ,anj\'s m>riage1 & sign$ by ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi4 ,9 ?is ! k+ directs t a w>rant ( dis*>ge be giv5 to 8our ,tru/y & ,wellbelov$ ,squire ,john ,m]/on1 ,tresori] ( our ,*ambre & ,kep] ( our juwelles10 = sundry jewels :i* _h be5 confid$ to 8 c>e4 ,! foll[+ item ref]s to ! r+ ( ,m>g>et ( ,anj\3#cad 8,a ,ryng ( ,gold1 ,g>ni%$ ) a fayr ,rubie1 somtyme ,yev5 unto ,u by our ,bel ,oncle ! ,c>d9al ( ,engl&e1 ) ! :i* we 7 ,sacr$ 9 ! ,day ( oure ,coronation at ,p>ys1 deliv]$ unto ,ma!w ,phelip1 to ,breke1 & !re( to make an o!r ,ryng = ! ,qu5es ,w$d+ ,r+40 ,!re is no m5tion "h ( any engrav+ on ! /one ( ?is r+1 :i* _h be5 us$ 9 #adca1 :5 ,h5ry ,,vi 0 cr[n$ 9 ,p>is4 ,if ! sp9el 9 ! ,m>lbor\gh ,collection1 engrav$ ) a head some:at resembl+ t ( ,h5ry ,,vi on 8 co9s1 really adorn$ ?is r+1 ! engrav+ may h be5 execut$ subsequ5t to ,h5ry's m>riage ) ! un=tunate ,m>g>et ( ,anj\4 ,r+s set ) preci\s /ones 7 giv5 z prizes at ! t\rnam5t held by ,h5ry ,,vii ( ,engl& 9 #adid4 ,! prize = j\/+ 0 to be a ruby r+1 :ile ! be/ 9 ! t\rney & ! "o deliv]+ ! mo/ tell+ /rokes 0 to be rew>d$ ) a diamond r+4 ,! ,e>l ( ,suffolk1 ,?omas ,br&on1 :o lat] m>ri$ ,k+ ,h5ry's daught] ,m>g>et1 aft] ! dea? ( h] fir/ husb& ,l\is ,,xii ( ,france1 0 successful 9 ga9+ "o ( ! ruby r+s1 be/[$ ^u him by ! 8,ladie ,m>g>et10 8 future wife1 & ,sir ,edw>d ,a4 ,bor\gh f\ght s /\tly 9 ! mle t he 0 adjudg$ wor?y ( a diamond r+4 ,an extra prize ( an em]ald r+ 0 giv5 to ! ,e>l ( ,essex = 8 valor4#cae ,9 #afha ! ,duke ( ,norfolk pres5t$ to ! ,college ( ,arms 9 ,london ! sword1 dagg]1 & r+ worn by ,james ,,iv ( ,scotl& 7#adgc-aeac7 at ! battle ( ,flodd5 ,field1 f\ght ,augu/ #bb1 #aeac1 9 :i* he met 8 dea?4 ,?is r+ 0 set ) a turquoise & _h be5 s5t to ,james by ! que5 ( ,france1 z a pl$ge ( fri5d%ip & reg>d1 :5 %e solicit$ ! good (fices ( ! ,scotti% mon>* ) ,h5ry ,,viii1 :o _h j laid siege to ,tr\anne4 ,ano!r acc\nt /ates t :5 ! que5 s5t ! r+ to ,james1 %e *>g$ him to break a lance = h] sake4 ,?is r+ is said to h be5 tak5 f ! body ( ,k+ ,james by ,?omas1 ,duke ( ,norfolk1 an ance/or ( ! donor4#caf ,! belief t ! turquoise protect$ ^? :o wore x f falls & w\nds1 probably det]m9$ its selection1 b ! result 9 ?is case 0 h>dly calculat$ to increase ! /one's pre/ige4 ,on ! site ( ?is disa/r\s defeat ( ! ,scot* by ! ,engli% army "u ! ,e>l ( ,surrey1 an inscrib$ r+ 0 f\nd 9 #aghc4 ,! inscription1 9 ,norman ,fr5*1 reads3 8,on e/ mal loiauls amans qui se poet g>d] des maux disans0 7,only a lov] ( scant loyalty c escape calumny74 ,! words are dispos$ 9 gr\ps ( two1 & betwe5 ea* pair is a bo>'s head1 ! cre/ ( ! ,campbells4 ,?is has l$ to ! conjecture t ! r+ belong$ to ! second son ( ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 ,ar*ibald ,campbell1 :o met 8 dea? 9 ! =efront ( ! fight4#cag ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,h5ry ,,viii1 ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe91 ,,pa9t$ ,,9 #aedj ,r+s ( id5tical =m & sett+ on index f+]s ( ea* h& & on little f+] ( left h&4 ,^! are design$ to mat* exactly ! jewels on 8 coll> & sleeves4 ,reale ,gall]ia d',arte ,antica4 ,palazzo ,cors9i1 ,rome ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,jane ,,seym\r 7,,ca4 #aeaj-aecg7 ,,?ird ,,wife ,,( ,,h5ry ,,viii1 ,,& ,,"m ,,( ,,edw>d ,,vi1 ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe91 ,,! ,,y\ng] ,r+s set ) preci\s /ones on index & f\r? f+]s ( left h& ,kais]li*e ,gemlde-,gal]ie1 ,vi5na ,at ! spoliation ( ! tomb ( ,/4 ,?omas ,becket at ,cant]bury 9 #aech1 among ! preci\s objects tak5 away 0 8a /one ) an angel ( gold po9t+ !reunto1 (f]$ by ! ,k+ ( ,france3 :i* ,k+ ,h5ry put into a r+ & wore x on 8 ?umb40 ,?is jewel1 conta9+ a diamond1 0 ! mo/ priz$ ornam5t ( ! %r9e1 & is believ$ to h be5 giv5 by ,l\is ,,vii ( ,france on ! occasion ( 8 visit 9 #aagi4 ,h5ry ,,viii mu/ h tir$ ( 8 massive ?umb r+1 = 9 ! inv5tory ( ! preci\s /ones deliv]$ to ,que5 ,m>y1 ,m>* #aj1 #aeed1 %ortly aft] h] accession1 !re appe>s ! foll[+ entry3 8,a coll> ( golde set ) sixte5 faire diam\nts1 :]e( ! ,regal ( ,france is "o1 & f\rte5 ,knotts ( p]les1 9 e ,knotte f\r p]les40#cah ,two pretty ,new ,ye>'s gifts = ,janu>y fir/1 #aega1 7 deliv]$ to ,lady ,m>y ,sidney on ! la/ day ( ! ye> #aegj4 ,"o ( !m 0 a r+ 8set ) a rose02 ! o!r 0 m ambiti\s 9 design1 be+ describ$ z 8a jewell ) ! /orie ( "t0 set ) diamonds & rubies1 c]ta9ly an appropriate gift = ! day4 ,?is co/ b #aj or #ej1 a mu* l>g] sum1 h[ev]1 9 ^? bygone days ?an x is acc\nt$ to be to-day1 = ! pur*as+ p[] ( money 0 _m times great]4#cai ,! e>lie/ m5tion ( ! diamond r+ giv5 by ,elizabe? to ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots occurs 9 ,camd5's acc\nt ( ! ev5ts ( ,elizabe?'s reign4 ,aft] relat+ ! ev5ts t det]m9$ ,m>y to seek ,elizabe?'s protection1 ,camd5 cont9ues3 ,%e !re=e s5t ,john ,beat\n to h] ,elizabe? ) ! diamond %e _h =m]ly receiv$ f h] z a symbol ( mutual good-w1 signify+ to h] t %e 0 ab\t to come to ,engl& & ask = aid 9 case h] subjects cont9u$ to make w> aga9/ h]4#cbj ,?is is said to h be5 a gimmal-r+1 two diamonds jo9+ toge!r to =m a he>t4 ,"o half 0 kept by ,elizabe? :o gave ! o!r half to ,m>y4 ,?is appeal to ! t5d] m]cies ( ! ,virg9 ,que51 & ,m>y's hope1 7 9 va91 = 8%e cutt (f h] head = all t0 z ,aubrey dryly puts x4#cba ,sev]al epigrams on ?is diamond 7 writt5 by ! ,scot* poet & publici/ ,george ,bu*anan 7#aejf-aehb71 ! be/ be+ z foll[s3#cbb ,quod te jampridem fruitur1 videt1 ac amat abs5s1 ,haec pignus cordis gemma1 et imago mei e/4 ,non e/ c&idior1 non e/ haec purior illo1 ,quamvis dura magis1 non magis firma4 ,?is has be5 r5d]$3 ,! gem :i* saw !e ne> & loves !e /ill1 ,is pl$ge & image ( my he>t & w4 ,my he>t is n less :ite or pure ?an ?is1 ,& ?\gh less h>d1 'tis q z firm ,i wis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,m>y1 ,,que5 ,,( ,,scots 7#aedb-aehg74 ,,fr5* ,,s*ool ,r+s on ! second jo9t ( f\r? f+] ( "r h&1 & on little f+] ( ! same h& ,museo del ,prado1 ,madrid ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,que5 ,,elizabe?1 ,,by ,,! ,,flemi% ,,pa9t] ,,lucas ,,de ,,he]e ,on little f+] ( left h&1 r+ set ) a l>ge1 oblong1 table-cut /one ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york ,a memorial r+ 0 s5t by ,m>y ( ,scotl&1 j be=e h] execution at ,fo!r+ay ,ca/le1 ,febru>y #h1 #aehg1 to h] fai?ful foll[] & k9sman1 ,"l ,john ,hamilton1 ) an affectionate message & h] la/ f>ewell4 ,?is r+1 set ) a sapphire1 0 h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation 9 ! ,hamilton family1 & 0 se51 9 #aheg1 at ,hamilton ,palace1 by ,miss ,agnes ,/rickl&4 ,%e describ$ ! sapphire z be+ l>ge1 ( rectangul> =m1 & cut ) a numb] ( facets1 a k9d ( rose-cutt+2 ! sett+ 0 ( blue enamell$ gold 9 ! /yle favor$ by sixte5? c5tury goldsmi?s4#cbc ,x might be look$ ^u z a notewor?y co9cid5ce1 t z a sapphire 0 a memorial ( ,m>y's dea?1 ano!r sapphire 0 ! tok5 to h] son1 ,james ,i1 ( ,elizabe?'s dea? & 8 accession to ! ?rone ( ,engl&4 ,on ! night be=e h] execution1 ,m>y ,/u>t f\nd an opportunity to ask h] apo!c>y1 a ,monsieur ,gorion1 :e!r he c\ld safely convey a lett] & two diamonds to ^? = :om !y 7 int5d$1 & :e!r he w\ld promise to p]=m ?is s]vice fai?fully4 ,he ass5t$1 say+ t he c\ld make "s drug 9 :i* ! objects might be safely conceal$1 s t he c\ld c>ry !m away ) him4 ,"o ( ^! diamonds 0 to be giv5 to ,m5doza1 = a long "t ,spani% ambassador to ! c\rt ( ,elizabe?2 ! o!r1 & l>g] "o1 0 de/9$ = ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa94 ,?is 0 to be receiv$ z 8a sign t %e 0 dy+ = ! tru?1 & 0 also meant to bespeak 8 c>e = h] fri5ds & s]vants40#cbd ,( r+s :i* h be5 treat$ z sacr$ relics1 none c be said to recall a m pa9ful trag$y ?an "o donat$ to ! mona/]y-*ur* ( ! ,escurial4 ,on ,april #ae1 #aehg1 ! ,spani% k+ ,philip ,,ii _h a nocturne & a requiem sung 9 ! *ur* 9 memory ( ! un=tunate ,m>y ( ,scotl&4 ,:5 ! e*oes ( ! solemn *ants _h di$ away1 ! k+ gave to ! abbot a r+ set ) a diamond :i* _h belong$ to ! unhappy victim1 ) ! injunction t x %\ld be plac$ among ! sacr$ relics & pres]v$ z 8a symbol ( ! purity & ! firm fai? ( ?is sa9tly que540#cbe ,?is r+1 or at lea/ ! l>ge diamond ( its sett+1 mu/ h be5 ! f>ewell gift :i* we h j not$4 ,al?\gh n a betro?al r+1 t giv5 by ,que5 ,elizabe? to ! ,e>l ( ,essex 0 mo/ c]ta9ly a love tok54 ,:5 ?is nobleman 0 high 9 ! que5's favor %e be/[$ ^u him a gold r+ set ) a s>donyx cut ) h] portrait2 giv+ him1 at ! same "t1 a solemn promise t :atev] *>ges might be br\ght aga9/ him %e w\ld accord him h] p>don if he s5t h] ?is r+4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 ,essex--:o 9 ! mean:ile _h lo/ ! que5's favor--0 impea*$ = high treason & condemn$ to dea?4 ,9 ?is extremity1 he endeavor$ to f9d "s means ( transmitt+ to ! que5 ! r+ %e _h giv5 him4 ,fe>+ to tru/ 8 keep]s ) ! execution ( 8 wi%1 ,essex f\nd no bett] way ?an to ?r[ ! r+ to a boy :o 0 pass+ ! prison1 direct+ him to give x to ,lady ,scrope1 ,lady ,nott+ham's si/]4 ,un=tunately = ,essex1 ! boy gave ! r+1 by mi/ake1 to ,lady ,nott+ham1 ^: husb& 0 "o ( 8 bitt]e/ enemies1 s t ! tok5 nev] rea*$ ! que51 :o 0 conv9c$ t h] =m] favorite 0 too pr\d & ob/9ate to seek h] m]cy4 ,%e !reupon left him to 8 fate4 ,ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 ,lady ,nott+ham 0 on h] dea?-b$1 %e ask$ = ! que5 & confess$ t %e _h fail$ to deliv] ! r+ s5t to h] by ,essex4 ,?is confession ar\s$ ! que5's wra? to su* an ext5t t %e bur/ =? 9 viol5t reproa*es & ru%$ f ! room exclaim+3 8,god may =give y2 ,i nev] %all60 ,! pr\d he>t ( ! virg9 que5 0 brok5 by ?is revelation1 &1 weigh$ d[n by remorse = ! dea? ( ,essex1 %e expir$ a few weeks lat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ set ) an oval cameo-portrait1 on onyx1 ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,two views ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ set ) pe>ls pi]c$ & ?read$2 two views4 ,v5etian 787 late ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,multiple silv] r+s4 ,f\r hoops connect$ by ?ree v]tical b>s3 "o ( ^! is set ) two corals & a glass pa/e4 ,nor? ,african 787 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,puzzle ,,or ,,magic ,,r+s1 ,,pla9 ,,& ,,jewell$ ,q rec5tly ?is hi/oric ,essex r+ has f\nd its way to ! auction-room1 & to judge f ! price x br\ght1 ! pur*as] mu/ h be5 conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( ! leg5d conc]n+ x1 z its m]ely arti/ic qualities--:i* are 9 no wise rem>kable--& ! fact t x is incid5tally a product ( sixte5? c5tury art w\ld sc>cely suffice to ju/ify ! am\nt paid = x4 ,! sale took place at ,*ri/ie's 9 ,london1 on ,may #ah1 #aiaa1 & aft] spirit$ bidd+ ! r+ 0 adjudg$ = #ag1jfj4 ,a firm ( deal]s 9 antiquities 7 ! nom9al pur*as]s1 b !y are said to h act$ = ,"l ,mi*elson ( ,holl+ly1 a b>on 9 ! lately ov]?r[n ,k+dom ( ,portugal1 & ! s5ior p>tn] 9 ! firm ( ,/]n ,bros41 ( ,london4 ,?is r+ is /at$ to h be5 bequea!d by "m to daught] 9 a long l9e ( ,essex's desc5dants1 beg9n+ ) 8 daught] ,lady ,francis ,dev]eux4 ,f9ally x came to ,l\isa1 daught] ( ,john1 ,e>l ( ,greville1 & wife ( ,?omas ,?yme1 second ,visc\nt ,weym\? & great-gr&fa!r ( ! late own]4 ,"s au?orities d n ?9k t ! /ory ( ! ,essex r+ has a satisfactory hi/orical f\ndation4#cbf ,x fir/ appe>s 9 a book publi%$ ab\t #afej & entitl$ 8,hi/ory ( ! mo/ r5[n$ ,que5 ,elizabe? & h] great ,fav\rite1 ! ,e>l ( ,essex4 ,9 ,two ,p>ts4 ,a ,romance40 ,9 #afeh ,francis ,osborn repeats x 9 8 8,traditional ,memoires ( ,elizabe?40 ,x 0 ev5 treat$ dramatically by ,john ,banks 7fl4 #afif7 9 8 play 8,! ,unhappy ,fav\rite40 ,c]ta9 lat] writ]s claim to h le>n$ ( x ?r\gh tru/wor?y in=mants1 z = example1 ,l\is ,aub]y1 ,sieur de ,mauri]1 :o publi%$ 9 ,p>is1 9 #afhj1 a hi/ory ( ,holl& & !re9 /ates t ,sir ,dudley ,c>leton told ! /ory to ,pr9ce ,maurice ( ,saxony4 ,9 ! ,engli% translation ( ?is "w ! episode has be5 omitt$4 ,/ill lat]1 at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 x is giv5 by ,lady ,elizabe? ,spelman on ! au?ority1 z %e alleg$1 ( ,sir ,rob]t ,c>ey1 bro!r ( ,lady ,scrope4 ,9 e>li] v]sions ! r+ 0 repres5t$ to h be5 s5t directly by ,essex to ,lady ,nott+ham2 9 ,lady ,spelman's recital1 h[ev]1 z we h already not$1 ,essex in/ructs ! boy to :om he entru/s ! r+ to deliv] x to ,lady ,scrope1 si/] ( ,lady ,nott+ham4 ,x is sugge/$ t ?is v>iation 0 made to (fset ! objection t ,essex w\ld nev] h *os5 8 enemy1 ,lady ,nott+ham1 z an int]m$i>y betwe5 himself & ! que54 ,mann+ham1 9 8 8,di>y10 ! only contempor>y :o alludes to a r+ 9 connection ) ,essex's relations ) ,elizabe?1 only /ates t 8! que5 wore till h] dea? a r+ giv5 h] by ,essex40 ,possibly ?is fact may h s]v$ z a nucleus = ! romantic tale4 ,a portrait ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 elaborately be-pe>l$ z usual1 ! "w ( ! ,flemi% pa9t]1 ,lucas ,de ,he]e1 %[s h] ) a r+ on ! little f+] ( h] left h&4 ,x is set ) an oblong1 table-cut /one4 ,?is int]e/+ portrait1 :i* is 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york1 :ile con=m+ g5]ally to ! type ) :i* we are famili>1 diff]s 9 "s respects !refrom4 ,! v sl5d] neck1 ! delicacy ( =m & face1 may1 ( c\rse1 repres5t mann]isms ( ! arti/4 ,! sapphire set 9 ! r+ ?r[n out ( ! w9d[ ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s dea? *amb] by ,lady ,scrope to h] bro!r ,rob]t ,c>ey1 z a signal t ! que5 0 dead1 s t he might be ! fir/ to be> ! news to h] impati5t successor1 ,james ,i1 0 exhibit$ 9 ! great ,loan ,exhibition ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,jewell]y %[n at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum 9 ,london1 9 #ahgb4 ,z !re %[n1 ?is hi/oric sapphire 0 ! c5tral ornam5t ( a diamond />1 or c9que-foil4 ,! orig9al r+ 0 giv5 to ,john1 ,e>l ( ,orr]y1 by ! ,du*ess ( ,buck+ham1 natural daught] ( ,james ,,ii1 & ! small brilliants surr\nd+ x 9 its pres5t sett+ are ! same z ^? :i* 7 ab\t x 9 ! r+4#cbg ,by ! t]ms ( 8 w1 dat$ ,decemb] #ah1 #afcj1 ,sir ,edw>d ,coke1 ( ,godwick1 bequea!d among o!r jewels two ( hi/oric significance4 ,"o ( ^! 0 a r+ 8set ) a great ,turkey 7turquoise71 :i* ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,eigh? us$ to we>1 & 0 pa9t$ ) x on 8 =ef+]40 ,! o!r jewel1 also a r+1 is curi\sly sugge/ive :5 we recall t an attempt 7unsuccessful1 ( c\rse7 _h be5 made to poison ! un=tunate ,sir ,?omas ,ov]bury ) diamond du/1 be=e poison ( a m effective sort 0 adm9i/]$ to him4 ,! r+ 9 "q is describ$ "h z set ) 8a ,diamon cut ) faucetts 7facets70 & ! /atem5t is add$ t x _h be5 giv5 to ,sir ,edw>d by ,anne ( ,d5m>k1 ,que5 ( ,james ,i1 8= ! discov]y ( ! poison+ ( ,sir ,?omas ,ov]bury40#cbh ,a gold r+1 said to h be5 "o ( five su* r+s giv5 by ,*>les ,i to ,bi%op ,juxon1 on ! scaffold1 j be=e ! k+'s execution1 0 %[n 9 ! ,loan ,collection exhibit$ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 9 ,london1 9 #ahgb4 ,! /atem5t is made t ?is r+ 0 pres5t$ by ,bi%op ,juxon to ,sir ,john ,hall[ay1 & f him pass$ into ! possession ( ! ,dalby family4 ,! r+ be>s a dea?'s head 9 :ite enamel on a black gr\nd1 & has ! motto1 8,behold ! ende02 ar\nd ! edge is ! inscription1 8,r dea? !n fals fay?02 at ! back are ! initials 8,m0 & 8,l10 ti$ ) a m\rn+ ribbon4#cbi ,! 8,v]ney ,r+10 ) a portrait ( ,*>les ,i ( ,engl&1 is1 if g5u9e1 ! only relic ( a h]oic trag$y4 ,x is said to h be5 be/[$ by ,*>les ,i ^u ,sir ,edmund ,v]ney1 "o ( 8 mo/ fai?ful foll[]s 9 ! p]ils ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,sir ,edmund 0 kill$ at ! battle ( ,edgehill1 9 #afdb1 :]e ! ,cavali]s 7 utt]ly defeat$1 b ev5 9 dea? he /ill held ! royal /&>d 9 8 grasp4 ,! r+ 0 tak5 f 8 h&1 & ! body ab&on$2 x 0 nev] recov]$4 ,z he 0 help$ into ! _w by a ,cs>ean op]ation1 x became a common say+ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,edgehill t ,sir ,edmund 0 nei!r born nor buri$4#ccj ,) t /rik+ indiff]5ce to moral "r & wrong s *>act]i/ic ( ,*>les ,,ii ( ,engl&1 he did n hesitate to be/[ a *oice r+ f 8 own h& ^u ! notori\s ,jeffreys1 :5 ! latt] 0 leav+ ,london on "o ( 8 circuits always m>k$ by ! br[beat+ ( witnesses & accus$1 & ! imposition ( capital s5t5ces1 :]ev] possible4 ,x 0 at a some:at lat] date1 9 #afhe1 j aft] ! accession ( ,james ,,ii1 t ,jeffreys conduct$ ! trials ( ! un=tunate ,duke ( ,monm\?'s adh]5ts1 :i* came to be kn[n z ! 8,bloody ,assize40 ,?is fact ( ! pres5tation 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,royal ,gazette1 ?us notably /r5g!n+ ,jeffreys' pre/ige4 ,s g5]al1 h[ev]1 0 ! reprobation ( 8 he>tless & blood?ir/y adm9i/ration ( 8 judicial (fice t ! r+ 0 call$ 8,jeffreys' blood/one40#cca ,9 ,m>*1 #agdh1 z "s pl\ghm5 7 till+ a field sev5 miles f ,mull+or1 ,c\nty ,we/mea?1 ,irel&1 !y discov]$ a grave1 ! bottom1 sides & ends ( :i* 7 =m$ ea* ( a s+le slab ( /one4 ,)9 ! grave 7 ! bones ( a man ( gigantic /ature1 & also an urn & a valuable r+1 set ) tw5ty-five diamonds4 ,bi%op ,pococke1 treat+ ( ?is r+1 m5tions ! fact t ,rosa ,failge1 elde/ son ( ,ca?oir ,m1 kn[n z ,ca?oir ! ,great1 :o reign$ 9 #abb ,a4,d41 0 call$ ! 8,h]o ( ,r+s10 b ! writ] adds t ! r+ c\ld sc>cely h belong$ to him1 s9ce diamonds d n appe> to h be5 kn[n 9 ,irel& at ?is e>ly date4#ccb ,a mo/ int]e/+ ,wa%+ton relic is a pe>l & gold r+ made 9 8 lifetime & conta9+ a lock ( 8 hair plac$ b5ea? a conical glass4 ,?is is encircl$ by a sett+ ( blue & :ite enamel1 a squ>e ( r$ be+ set at ea* corn]1 & ar\nd ?is a circle ( ?irte5 pe>ls1 ! numb] ( ! orig9al ,/ates4 ,?is r+ 0 giv5 by ,wa%+ton to ,lieut4 ,rob]t ,som]s4 ,! latt] lo/ 8 life :ile fight+ ! ,alg]5e pirates 9 ,tripoli1 b be=e 8 dep>ture he confid$ ! r+ to ! c>e ( 8 si/]1 ,s>ah ,ke54 ,x is n[ own$ by ,vice-,*ancellor ,e4 ,b4 ,leam+ ( ,camd51 ,new ,j]sey1 :o inh]it$ x f 8 pat]nal gr&mo!r1 an heir to ,som]s' e/ate4 ,only two o!r r+s conta9+ ,wa%+ton's hair are kn[n (1 "o 9 ,wa%+ton's ,headqu>t]s at ,newburgh on ! ,hudson1 ! o!r 9 ! ,bo/on ,museum4#ccc ,9 f>-away ,sw$5 !re has be5 pres]v$ a hi/oric ,wa%+ton relic4 ,?is is a r+ giv5 by ! ,revolution>y lead] to ,lafayette be=e ! latt]'s return to ,france aft] ! victori\s ,yorkt[n campaign4 ,! r+ pass$ f ,lafayette to 8 intimate fri5d1 ,b>on ,erik ,magnus ,/al von ,hol/e91 ,sw$i% ambassador to ,france4 ,! latt]1 on a visit to 8 native l& gave x to 8 bro!r1 ,major ,bogislaus ,/al von ,hol/e91 9 ^: family x 0 transmitt$ z an heirloom until x rea*$ ! h&s ( ! mat]nal gr&fa!r ( ! pres5t own]1 ,mr4 ,g/a ,frl5 ( ,falun1 ,sw$54 ,! r+ is ( gold & is set ) a m9iature portrait ( ,wa%+ton4 ,x is said t two o!r r+s 7 giv5 by ,wa%+ton ab\t ! same "t to two ,sw$i% noblem51 :o _h s]v$ z adjutants to ,ro*ambeau4 ,! pres5tation occurr$ at a banquet giv5 9 _! honor1 j be=e _! dep>ture = _! native l&1 at ! ,city ,tav]n 9 ,philadelphia1 ,novemb] #aa1 #aghb4 ,9 be/[+ ^! gifts ,wa%+ton is said to h us$ ! foll[+ words3 8,i am happy to be "h among/ m5 belong+ to ! race ( my own e>ly ance/ors40 ,all trace ( ^! r+s has be5 lo/4 ,v ,,betro?al 7,,engagem5t7 ,,r+s1 ,,w$d+ 7,,nuptial7 ,,r+s1 ,,& ,,love ,,tok5s ,special w$d+-r+s1 z we und]/& !m1 7 n us$ at an e>ly p]iod1 ! esp\sal r+ be+ employ$ at ! w$d+ c]emony also4 ,at a lat] "t1 a signet 0 set 9 ! anulus pronubus1 or betro?al r+1 to signify t ! sp\se 0 to h ! "r ( seal+ up ! h\sehold goods1 & occasionally a small key =m$ "p ( ! r+1 ) a simil> significance4 ,we h a te/imony to ?is view 9 ! words ( ! m>riage c]emony3 8,) all my worldly goods ,i !e end[40 ,! wives ( our day are q dispos$ to accept ?is passage 9 its lit]al s5se1 al?\gh "s may incl9e to a m lib]al int]pretation ( ! promise to love1 honor & obey _! husb&s4 ,! r+ z a pl$ge ( love is said to be fir/ m5tion$ 9 ,roman lit]ature by ,plautus 9 8 8,miles ,gloriosus0 7,act ,,iv1 sc4 i1 v4 #aa72 ?is passage1 h[ev]1 does n ref] to a nuptial r+1 b r to a love tok54 ,some:at di/antly relat$ to ! betro?al or w$d+ r+s 7 ^? giv5 by lov]s to ! objects ( _! affection4 ,( su* a r+ ! ,roman poet ,ovid writes1 apo/rophiz+ x z 8a r+ soon de/9$ to encircle ! f+] ( a beaute\s girl1 a r+ hav+ no wor? except ! love ( ! giv]40 ,x 0 to be a gift to ! poet's ladylove ,cor9na4#ccd ,! r+ s5t by a fair lady1 z a tok5 ( love to a h&some soldi]1 9 ! 8,miles ,gloriosus0 ( ,plautus 0 also ( ?is class4 ,! cu/om ( plac+ ! betro?al or w$d+ r+ ^u ! f\r? f+] seems und\bt$ly to owe its orig9 to ! fancy t a special n]ve1 or ve91 ran directly f ?is f+] to ! he>t4 ,macrobius1 9 8 ,saturnalia1#cce alludes to ! belief 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,because ( ?is n]ve1 ! newly betro!d places ! r+ on ?is f+] ( 8 sp\se1 z ?\gh x 7 a repres5tation ( ! he>t40 ,macrobius ass]ts t he d]iv$ 8 in=mation f an ,egyptian prie/4 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t ?is 0 n ! real s\rce ( ! cu/om1 b t 9 ! *ur* s]vice x 0 usual = ! ,*ri/ian prie/ to t\* ?ree f+]s successively ) ! r+ :ile say+3 8,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/10 & !n to place x ^u ! la/ f+] t\*$4 ,we "k t ?is 0 ! usage 9 ! be/[al ( episcopal r+s1 & lat] ) w$d+ r+s1 b ! express /atem5t cit$ f ! pagan writ] ,macrobius %[s t 9 ! e>li] m>riage or betro?al c]emony ?is cu/om mu/ h _h an entirely diff]5t orig94 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,george ,i ( ,engl& x 0 n unusual to we> ! w$d+ r+ on ! ?umb1 al?\gh x _h be5 plac$ on ! f\r? f+] at ! m>riage c]emony4 ,possibly ?is cu/om may h aris5 because exceptionally l>ge w$d+ r+s 7 favor$ by fa%ion at t "t4 ,t w$d+ r+s 7 (t5 worn on ! ?umb 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury is prov$ by ! l9es f ,samuel ,butl]'s ,hudibras quot$ on ano!r page4#ccf ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,an ,,unkn[n ,,woman ,,by ,,pantoja ,,de ,,la ,,cruz ,r+s on ?umb & index ( "r h&1 & on f\r? & little f+]s ( left h& ,museo del ,prado1 ,madrid ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,empress ,,m>y1 ,,daught] ,,( ,,*>les ,v ,,& ,,wife ,,( ,,maximilian ,,ii1 ,,by ,,juan ,,pantoja ,,de ,,la ,,cruz ,two r+s on index & "o on little f+] ( "r h&2 "o on index ( left h&2 all set ) preci\s /ones ,museo del ,prado1 ,madrid ,ecclesia/ical rituals 9 ,france f ! elev5? to ! fifte5? c5tury prove1 ) b few exceptions1 t ! nuptial r+ 0 to be plac$ on ! "r h& ( ! bride1 9 mo/ ( ! dioceses ^u ! middle f+] ( ?is h&1 b 9 ! diocese ( ,lige on ! f\r? f+]4 ,z ,isidore ( ,seville1 writ+ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5? c5tury1 decl>es t ! betro?al r+ 0 put on ! f\r? f+]1 & repeats ! ,roman fancy z to ! ve9 intimately connect+ ?is p>ticul> f+] ) ! he>t1#ccg x seems likely t ?is rule 0 g5]ally foll[$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire up to its end1 & ev5 lat] 9 "s p>ts ( :at _h once be5 ,roman prov9ces1 :ile ! e>ly ,fr5* rules 7 d]iv$ f a ,gallic usage :i* _h nev] be5 supplant$ by ! ,roman "o4#cch ,t ! ,gauls & ,britons ( ! fir/ c5tury wore _! r+s on ! middle f+] is already not$ by ,pl9y4#cci ,a gold r+1 a unique relic ( ,anglo-,saxon times 9 ,engl&1 0 f\nd 9 an anci5t burial place at ,h>nham ,hill1 ne> ,salisbury4#cdj ,x 0 on a f+] bone ( ! left h& ( a skeleton1 & resembles exactly our w$d+-r+ ( to-day4 ,9 ! same cemet]y 0 une>!d a twi/$ r+ ( silv]1 a m]e b& twice encircl+ ! f+]2 a section ( ! f+]-bone rema9s )9 ! r+4 ,^! relics are believ$ to date f ! sev5? c5tury4 ,on or ne> ! skeleton ) :i* ?is silv] r+ 0 f\nd 7 sev]al amb] beads2 ! rema9s 7 evid5tly ^? ( an eld]ly p]son1 al?\gh ( "o n ov] #ee ye>s ( age1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,ow54 ,t "p ( ! ,ord] ( ,matrimony relat+ to ! m>riage v[s & to ! w$d+ r+1 9 ! ,s>um ,rite or ,use curr5t 9 ,engl& 9 pre-,re=mation times1 runs z foll[s1 aft] ! bride & groom h clasp$ h&s3#cda ,i* ,n4 take ! ,n4 to my w$d$ wyf1 to hav5 & to hold5 fro ?is day =w>d1 = betre = wors1 = ry*]e = por]e1 9 syknesse & 9 hel!1 til de? u dep>te1 & !]to y pli? ! my trew!4 ,!n ! woman3 ,i* ,n4 take ! ,n4 to my w$d$ hosebund1 to hav5 & to hold5 fro ?is day =w>d1 = betre & = wors1 = ry*]e & = por]e1 to be boneyre & buxum 444 & at borde1 till de! u dep>te & !reto y pli? ! my trew!4 ,!n let ! man lay gold1 silv]1 & a r+ on a di% or book2 & let ! ,prie/ ask if ! r+ ha? be5 bless$ already2 if x be answ]$ n1 !n let ! ,prie/ bless ! r+4 ,bless1 ,o ,"l1 ?is r+ 7look+ at x7 :i* we hall[ 9 ,?y ,holy ,"n1 t :osoev] %e be t %all we> x may be /eadfa/ 9 ,?y peace & abide 9 ,?y w1 & live1 increase1 & gr[ old 9 ,?y love1 & let ! l5g? ( h] days be multipli$4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ 9 :i* are ins]t$ repres5tations ( two w+$ figures cut 9 intaglio 9 a br[n *alc$ony4 ,antique workman%ip4 ,see page #cfc ,collection ( ,b4 ,g4 ,fair*ild1 ,esq41 ,new ,york ,city ,illu/ration3 ,locket r+1 op5+ at ! bezel & on ! sides1 leav+ room = ! introduction ( hair1 or t9y portraits4 ,:5 clos$ ! r+ appe>s to be pla9 & smoo? ,illu/ration3 ,antique ,syrian r+ ( bronze1 set ) a yell[i% gre5 pa/e4 ,half ( ! circlet has brok5 away ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ set ) octah$ral diamond4 ,late ,roman4 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,twi/$ hoop ( silv] on ! bone ( a f+]4 ,f an anci5t sepul*re at ,h>nham ,hill1 ,engl&4 ,saxon1 #g? c5tury ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxv1 pl4 opp4 p4 #bgh ,illu/ration3 ,,w$d+ ,,r+s ,,f ,,syrian ,,tombs ,,( ,,*alc$ony1 ,,agate1 ,,& ,,b&$ ,,agate ,b if ! r+ %all h be5 already bless$1 !n1 z soon z ! man h laid x on ! book1 let ! ,prie/ take ! r+ & deliv] x to ! man2 & let ! man receive x 9 8 "r h&1 ) ! fir/ ?ree f+]s1 hold+ ! "r h& ( ! ,bride ) 8 left h&1 & say1 aft] ! ,prie/3 ,) ?is ryng i* ! w$de1 & ) my body i* ! hon\re & ) al my gold i* ! d[]e4 ,& !n let ! bridegroom put ! r+ on ! ?umb ( ! ,bride1 say+-- ,9 ! ,"n ( ! ,fa!r2 7on ! fir/ f+]7 & ( ! ,son2 7on ! second f+]7 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 7on ! ?ird f+]74 ,am54 ,& !re let him leave x1 because 9 t f+] !re is a c]ta9 ve9 :i* rea*es to ! he>t2 & by ! purity ( ! silv] is signifi$ ! inw>d affection :i* ought ev] to be fre% betwe5 !m4 ,9 ! mod]n ,prote/ant ,episcopal s]vice1 ! be/[al ( ! r+ is ord]$ z foll[s3 ,!n %all !y aga9 loose _! h&s2 & ! ,man %all give unto ! ,woman a ,r+4 ,& ! ,m9i/]1 tak+ ! ,r+1 %all deliv] x unto ! ,man1 to put x ^u ! f\r? f+] ( ! ,woman's left h&4 ,& ! ,man hold+ ! ,r+ !re1 & taught by ! ,m9i/]1 %all say3 ,) ?is ,r+ ,i !e w$1 & ) all my worldly goods ,i !e end[3 ,9 ! ,"n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,am54 ,x w be not$ t ! r+ is fir/ giv5 by ! man to ! woman1 !n tak5 f h] by ! prie/ :o returns x to ! man1 ^u :i* ! latt] puts x on ! f\r? f+] ( ! woman's left h&4 ,f\r f9e specim5s ( lat] ,byzant9e "w 9 r+-mak+ are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,^! are all m>riage-r+s ( massive gold1 ! designs be+ simil>1 ) c]ta9 v>iations4 ,! bezels be> engrav$ figures ( ,*ri/ alone1 or ( ,*ri/ & ! ,virg91 be/[+ a bless+ ^u ! newly w$d$ pair2 b5ea? is ! ,greek ^w 7or 71 signify+ _! spiritual union4 ,all b "o h on ! hoop 9 ,greek *>act]s ! inscription3 8,my peace ,i give unto y0 7,john1 xiv1 #bg74 ,on ! rema9+ r+ !re is on ! hoop a decoration 9 niello1 depict+ v r\ghly sc5es f ! ,gospel4 ,! "* ( ! "w indicates t x probably belongs to ! t5? c5tury4#cdb ,a massive gold r+ f\nd n long s9ce 9 ,ma9z1 be>s a ,greek inscription %[+ t x 0 execut$ = ! nuptials ( ,k+ ,/eph5 ,radislav ( ,s]via 7#abbh-abcd7 ) ,anna ,comn5a1 daught] ( ,emp]or ,!odore ,anglus ,comn5us1 ,duke ( ,!ssalonica1 ! region ( ! ,saloniki ( to-day4 ,! inscription on ?is e>ly ?irte5? c5tury r+ ( ,byzant9e workman%ip is niello$ on ! gold4#cdc ,"s int]e/+ inscriptions appe> on c]ta9 ( ! ,greek betro?al r+s 9 ! collection ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,a gold r+ ( ab\t ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 be>s a ,greek inscription :i* may be r5d]$ z foll[s3 8,to h] :o excells n only 9 virtue & prud5ce1 b also 9 wisdom40 ,9 m>k$ contra/ to ?is r elaborate d$ication is ! inscription on ano!r r+1 :i* be>s ! s+le ^w 8,honey40 ,x /rikes u /rangely en\gh to f9d ?is p>ticul> t]m ( ende>m5t1 s freely us$ by ! ,negroes1 on a r+ f classic times4 ,p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ( all ^! inscriptions is on a late ,greek r+ & runs3 8,i rejoice 9 ! gift because ( ! affection ( ! giv]40#cdd ,! cu/om ( be/[+ a r+ ^u ! betro!d bride has be5 trac$ back 9 ,rome to ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 ,pla9 iron r+s 7 fir/ us$ = ?is purpose & !y 7 /ill favor$ ev5 :5 ! we>+ ( gold r+s _h become g5]al among c]ta9 classes ( ! ,roman citiz5s4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! c\rse ( ! second c5tury ( our era1 & p]haps e>li]1 gold r+s came into use 9 ! c]emony ( betro?al4 ,pl9y's ass]tion t ! bride wore an unset iron r+ has be5 int]pret$ to mean no m ?an t1 9 ! case ( ^? entitl$ to we> gold r+s1 ! bridegroom aft] hav+ giv5 ! bride a gold r+1 lat] be/[$ ^u h] "o ( iron = we> )9 doors4 ,= x appe>s to h be5 a r g5]al usage1 9 or be=e ,pl9y's "t1 to we> gold r+s only :5 9 public1 & )9 ! h\se iron r+s4 ,t ! nuptial r+ 0 ( gold1 9 ! second c5tury at lea/1 is pla9 f ! /atem5t ( ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 :o decl>es t ?is r+ 0 n be/[$ ^u ! sp\se z an ornam5t1 b t %e might seal up :atev] 0 wor?y ( special c>e 9 ! h\sehold4#cde ,p]haps ! e>lie/ allusion 9 ,*ri/ian lit]ature to ! betro?al r+ appe>s 9 "o ( ,t]tullian's writ+s1 dat$ f ! end ( ! second c5tury ,a4,d41 :]e9 he says3 8,among our wom5 ! "t-honor$ rules ( _! ance/ors1 :i* enjo9$ mode/y & sobriety1 h di$ out4 ,9 =m] times wom5 knew no?+ ( gold except ! s+le betro?al r+1 :i* 0 plac$ on "o ( _! f+]s by ! fianc40#cdf ,t ?is usage _h endur$ = _m ye>s is cle>ly app>5t f ! allusion to times long pa/4 ,9 a curi\s passage1#cdg ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 writes3 8,no prie/ %all hesitate to w$ a c\ple :o pres5t !mselves be=e ! alt>1 if ! bride & bridegroom are n able1 because ( pov]ty1 to give r+s to ea* o!r2 = ! 7(f]+ (7 ! e>ne/-money is a matt] ( decorum1 n ( necessity40 ,"o ( ! r>e m>riage r+s or love tok5s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian c5turies1 be>s incis$ on its circul>1 button-%ap$ *aton1 a male & a female bu/1 ! faces turn$ t[>d ea* o!r4 ,above is a cross1 ! l[] "p ( its upright %aft mu* long] ?an ! upp] "p or ! arms4 ,?is r+ is ( ,byzant9e workman%ip & has be5 approximately dat$ ab\t #ddj ,a4,d4 ,x is a good example ( ! s-call$ bi-cephalic r+s1 r+s be>+ two heads1 & weighs #c dwt41 or #hg gra9s4#cdh ,?is usage 0 introduc$ among ! anci5t ,g]mans by ! ,romans4 ,! significance ( ! betro?al r+ is not$ 9 a law ( ! ,visigo?s1 promulgat$ by ,*9dasw9! 7#fdb-fdc ,a4,d474 ,!re _h evid5tly be5 a disposition to treat lightly ! obligations ( betro?al1 = we read3 8,s9ce !re are _m :o1 =getful ( _! plight$ fai?1 def] ! fulfillm5t ( _! nuptial contracts1 ?is lic5se %\ld be suppress$40 ,!re=e1 x 0 provid$ t :5 a solemn decl>ation _h be5 made be=e witnesses & ! esp\sal r+ _h be5 giv5 & accept$ z repres5t+ e>ne/-money1 ! m>riage c]emony mu/ foll[1 if ei!r ( ! p>ties %\ld fail to agree to a rupture ( ! engagem5t2 t is1 x c\ld only be brok5 by mutual cons5t4 ,a celebrat$ betro?al r+ 0 t s5t by ,clovis ,i 7#dfe-eaa ,a4,d47 to ,clo?ilda 9 #dic4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt is giv5 ( ! be/[al ( ?is r+3 8,aurelian pursu$ 8 j\rney f ^! p>ts ( ,burgundy1 be>+ ) him ! r+ ( ,*lodwig t he might ga9 ! bett] cr$5ce !reby4 ,:5 he arriv$ at ! city :]e ,*rote*ilda resid$ ) h] aunt1 ,aurelian pres5t$ himself & said3 #8,*lodwig1 ,k+ ( ! ,franks1 ha? s5t me to !e2 if su* be ! w ( ,god1 he wi%es to associate !e ) himself 9 8 maje/y1 z sp\se4 ,t ?\ may/ be assur$ ( ?is1 he ha? s5t !e ?is r+4' ,accept+ ! r+1 %e 0 fill$ ) great joy1 & answ]$3 #8,take a hundr$ solidi z a rew>d = ?y labor4 ,return quickly to ?y "l & say to him3 #8,if ?\ desire/ to associate me ) ?yself 9 matrimony1 s5d envoys /raightway to my pat]nal uncle ,gundob>d1 & ask him = my h&4'0#cdi ,! money gift 0 a consid]able "o = ! "t1 z ! solidus 0 wor? intr9sically ab\t #c ( our money1 & six or eight times z mu* 9 pur*as+ p[] 9 t age4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ anci5t w$d+ r+1 presumably ( ! ,gallo-,roman p]iod1 0 une>!d t[>d #ahej 9 ! neighborhood ( ,mulsanne1 dept4 ,s>!1 ,france4 ,x is ( massive gold & weighs #bd grams1 #bj c5tigrams1 or ov] ounce4 ,on ! bezel1 :i* is squ>e1 are rudely engrav$ two figures1 t ( a w>rior re/+ on 8 lance & t ( a woman hold+ out h] arms to him4 ,on ! %\ld]s1 t[>d ! bezel1 is a foliat$ ornam5tation1 & along ! edge ( ! bezel are engrav$ ! two names 8,dromacius0 & 8,betta10 ! *>act]s be+ fill$ 9 ) ! black enamel call$ niello4 ,?is r+ is believ$ to date f ! fif? c5tury ,a4,d4#cej ,! religi\s aspect ( ! r+ 9 ! ritual ( ! ,greek ,*ur* f9ds an expon5t 9 ,symeon1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,!ssalonica1 :o wrote ab\t a half-c5tury be=e ! capture ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,turks 9 #adec4 ,9 8 description ( a typical m>riage c]emony he /ates t ! (ficiat+ prie/ laid ^u ! alt> two r+s1 an iron "o symbolic ( mascul9e =ce1 & a gold "o typical ( ! less h>dy b pur] fem99e con/itution4 ,^! r+s he consecrat$4 ,aft] be/[+ 8 b5$iction ^u ! bride & bridegroom & (f]+ a pray] = !m1 he gave ! woman ! iron r+1 z f ! man1 & to ! man ! gold r+ on ! "p ( ! woman1 & *ang$ !m ?ree times1 9 adoration ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ! p]fect] & su/a9] ( all ?+s4 ,h]eupon he jo9$ ! "r h&s ( ! sp\ses1 demon/rat+ _! unity 9 ,*ri/ & t ! man _h receiv$ ! woman f ! h& ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! r+s also signifi$ ! agreem5t & seal+ ( ! m>riage contract4#cea ,illu/ration3 ,,betro?al ,,( ,,joseph ,,& ,,m>y1 ,,by ,,juan ,,rodriguez ,,ju>ez 7,,or ,,xu>ez71 ,,mexico ,,city1 7#afff-agcd7 ,,call$ ,,! 8,,mexican ,,c>racca0 ,9 ! possession ( ! au?or ,illu/ration3 ,"r h& ( ! ,virg91 "r h& ( ,/4 ,joseph1 & h&s ( ! high-prie/1 %[+ ! mann] ( plac+ ! w$d+ r+ at ,hebrew m>riages z depict$ 9 ! picture ( ,rodriguez ,ju>ez ,xu>ez4 ,! r+ conta9s an octah$ral diamond cry/al set 9 gold ,accord+ to ,buxtorf 7,de sponsal4 et divort471 ! ,jews did n place ! betro?al r+ ^u ! annul> f+]1 b ^u ! index4 ,z to ?is !re is a curi\s /atem5t 9 ! 8,opus aureus contra ,judos10#ceb by ,victor de ,c>b51 a conv]t$ ,jew4 ,he /ates t1 at ! betro?al c]emony1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! fiance ext5ds h] index f+] to receive ! r+1 le/ x %\ld be put1 by mi/ake1 ^u ! middle f+]1 = x 0 on ?is f+] t ,joseph plac$ ! r+ :5 he betro!d ,m>y4 ,buxtorf adds t he has nev] be5 able to f9d ?is /atem5t 9 ,jewi% writ+s4 ,"o ( ,ghirl&ajo's frescoes 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce1 9 ,flor5ce1 depicts ! betro?al ( ! ,virg94 ,"h ! r+ is plac$ by ,joseph on ! f\r? f+] ( ! ,virg9's "r h&1 & ! fam\s ,sposalizio by ,rafael 9 ! ,br]a ,gall]y 9 ,milan illu/rates ! same usage4 ,possibly ! r+ 0 transf]r$ to ! left h& at ! actual m>riage c]emony4 ,! cu/om ( ! ,greek *ur* at ! pres5t day 9 relation to betro?al or w$d+ r+s diff]s 9 "s respects f t obs]v$ 9 o!r ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 = ! prie/ places a r+ on ! f\r? f+] ( ea* ( ! contract+ p>ties1 :o !n proce$ to ex*ange !m ) ea* o!r4 ,! old cu/om ( ex*ang+ r+s & betro?al v[s obta9s 9 ! ,russian bran* ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 ,= ! succe$+ m>riage c]emony1 or 8cr[n+10 ! same r+s are aga9 us$4 ,! rubric /ates t ! bride's r+ %\ld be ( silv] to %[ t %e is ! less honorable vessel1 :ile ! bridegroom's r+ is ( gold to signify ! sup]iority ( ! man4 ,! brides1 h[ev]1 h %[n a disposition to res5t ?is inequality1 &1 9 mod]n times at lea/1 !y are giv5 gold r+s also4 ,! old ,russian cu/om is = ! husb& to we> 8 r+ on 8 =ef+]4#cec ,9 ! ,greek & ,russian *ur*es1 ! r+s--( gold = ! man1 ( silv] = ! woman--are be/[$ at ! betro?al c]emony1 :5 also a contract betwe5 ! p>ties is made4 ,! lat] nuptial c]emony is g5]ally designat$ z 8! cr[n+10 a cr[n be+ plac$ on ! heads ( bride & bridegroom by ! (ficiat+ prie/4 ,! "q 0 (t5 rais$ :e!r ! m]e fact ( giv+ or accept+ a r+ con/itut$ a def9ite promise ( m>riage4 ,! be/ au?orities decid$ ! "q 9 ! negative4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is matt] ,pet] ,mll] writes3 8,if :5 a r+ is giv5 !re is no promise ( m>riage1 ! r+ %all n be reg>d$ z a betro?al r+1 b z a simple gift4 ,:5ce x may be inf]r$ t a contract ( m>riage _c be prov$ by a r+ alone1 s9ce m]e donations1 be/[$ ?r\gh lib]ality1 d n produce any obligation40#ced ,! connection betwe5 ! w$d+ r+ & ! be/[al ( e>ne/-money is cle>ly indicat$ 9 ! m>riage s]vice z giv5 9 ! ,pray]-,book ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,"h1 aft] ! words 8) ?is r+ ,i !e w$10 !re is add$3 8,?is gold & silv] ,i give !e02 & at ^! words ! bridegroom usually plac$ 9 ! bride's h&s a purse conta9+ a sum ( money4 ,!re c1 inde$1 be little d\bt t ! esp\sal r+ 0 r ! type ( a valuable consid]ation (f]$ at ! consummation ( ! m>riage contract1 ?an a symbol ( ! bondage & subjection ( ! sp\se z _m h ma9ta9$4 ,t ! r+ 0 sometimes giv5 conditionally is %[n by a curi\s old ,g]man =mula to ! foll[+ effect3 8,i give y ?is r+ z a sign ( ! m>riage :i* has be5 promis$ betwe5 u1 provid$ y\r fa!r gives ) y a m>riage portion ( #ajjj rei*/hal]s40#cee ,x is n possible to indicate ) any precision at :at date ! betro?al r+ became ! w$d+ r+1 b ?is *ange seems to h tak5 place 9 ,engl& ab\t ! "t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,?is did n1 h[ev]1 entail ! ab&onm5t ( ! betro?al r+1 b r ! sub/itution ( ano!r1 & frequ5tly less simple r+1 to m>k ! betro?al4 ,( c\rse1 ! *ange 0 gradual & ! usage v>i$ 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 s9ce ! employm5t ( a sep>ate m>riage r+ 0 r a matt] ( cu/om ?an ( ecclesia/ical ord9ance4 ,! ,manx usages & cu/oms are s /range 9 _m cases t ! r+ traditions ( ! ,isle ( ,man also pres5t c]ta9 peculi>ities4 ,?us if a man 0 f\nd guilty ( hav+ done injury to a maid51 ! latt] 0 giv5 a sword1 a rope & a r+1 signify+ t %e c\ld ei!r h him behead$1 or hung1 or else c\ld =ce him to w$ h]4 ,t ! la/-m5tion$ *oice 0 ! "o mo/ frequ5tly made is v probable1 z ! rehabilitation ( h] good "n ?us atta9$ might well outweigh any satisfaction to be ga9$ f ! ex]cise ( rev5ge4#cef ,! use ( ru%-r+s 9 ,engl&1 9 #abag1 = mock m>riages1 is v\*$ = 9 ! 8,con/itutiones0#ceg ( ,ri*>d1 ,bi%op ( ,salisbury4 ,x is provid$ t :oev] places a ru%-r+1 or a r+ ( *eap or preci\s mat]ial1 9 sport & je/ ^u a woman's h&1 t %e %all ! m will+ly become fri5dly ) him1 al?\gh imag9+ himself to be jok+ w be con/ra9$ to m>ry4 ,ano!r au?ority decl>es t :5 ! ecclesia/ical c\rt en=c$ matrimony z a p5alty or a rep>ation = bad conduct1 a ru% r+ or a r+ ( /raw 0 us$ at ! c]emony4#ceh ,!re are sev]al passages 9 ,engli% poetry ( ! ,elizabe?an age & lat]1 ref]r+ to ?is use ( a 8ru% r+40 ,9 8 8,two ,noble ,k9sm510 ,flet*] writes3 ,r+s %e made ,( ru%es t grew by1 & to 'em spoke ,! prettie/ posies2 ,?us our true loves ty'd2 ,?is y may loose1 n me1 & _m a "o4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ,sir ,william ,dav5ant 7#afje-affh7 speaks 9 ! foll[+ mock+ /ra9 ( su* a r+3 ,i'll cr[n !e ) a g>l& ( /raw !n ,& ,i'll m>ry !e ) a ru% r+4 ,! ballad call$ ! ,w9*e/] ,w$d+ has ^! l9es3 ,p]t ,/rephon 0 k9d to ,betty1 ,& bli! z a bird 9 ! spr+2 ,& ,tommy 0 s to ,katy1 ,& w$d$ h] ) a ru% r+4 ,! 8ru% r+0 is t\*$ on 9 an old ,engli% ballad ( ,%akespe>e's "t1 9 :i* occur ! l9es3#cei ,!n on my f+] ,i'll h a r+ ,n "o ( ru%1 b a gold5 ?+2 ,& ,i %all be glad z a bird 9 spr+1 ,because ,i am m>ri$ o' ,sunday4 ,a purely spiritual view ( ! mean+ ( a w$d+-r+ is express$ by ,guillaume ,durant1 ,bi%op ( ,m5de 7di$ #abif74 ,= him x 0 ! symbol ( ! mutual love ( ! esp\s$1 at once a pl$ge & a symbol ( ! union ( _! he>ts4 ,h[ev]1 ! m m]c5>y significance ( ! r+1 z a sign ( ! m>riage gift to be be/[$ ^u ! bride by ! bridegroom be=e ! w$d+1 is q cle>ly br\ght out 9 ! old ,fr5* ,rituals1 :]e9 its composition & mean+ are def9$4 ,a simplification ( ! r+ itself seems to h tak5 place f ab\t ! ?irte5? c5tury :5 gold r+s adorn$ ) preci\s /ones 7 g5]ally worn4 ,! metal us$ at a lat] "t v>i$ 9 diff]5t dioceses4 ,:ile 9 t ( ,limoges ! r+ 0 ( gold1 ! rituals ( ! dioceses ( ,aux]re1 ,lyons & ,p>is prescribe a silv] r+4 ,9 ! ,manual ( ! prie/s belong+ to ! diocese ( ,p>is1 x is /rictly enjo9$ t !re %all be no inscription or figure ^u ! r+1 & t no preci\s /one %all be set !re94 ,! (ficiat+ prie/ receives x f ! bridegroom toge!r ) "o or m pieces ( money 8z sign ( ! con/itut$ end[m5t40 ,! ,manuel de ,beauvais1 publi%$ 9 #afcg1 also prescribes t ! nuptial r+ %all be sev]ely pla9 & entirely )\t inscription4 ,! ritual ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,victor is ev5 m def9ite1 = "h ! bless+ ( ! r+ is prec$$ by ! read+ ( ! end[m5t on acc\nt ( m>riage 7dotalitium propt] nuptias74 ,h5ce ! 8d[]0 0 n giv5 ) ! wife1 b 0 be/[$ ^u h] by ! husb&4#cfj ,?is has be5 errone\sly look$ ^u by "s z a survival ( ! primitive cu/om ( wife-pur*ase2 x diff]s1 h[ev]1 ess5tially f ?is 9 t ! wife receives ! end[m5t = h] own use & z h] own prop]ty4 ,a curi\s sup]/ition is condemn$ by ! ,ritual ( ,evreux4 ,z ! r+ 0 h&$ to ! bride by ! bridegroom1 ! =m] w\ld let x fall on ! gr\nd to conjure a possible evil spell4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ by ,jacob ,grimm 7#aghe-ahfc7 ! great lexicograph] & /ud5t ( ,g]man ar*ology1 t 9 e>ly times1 among ! *ri/ianiz$ ,g]mans1 ! fianc gave ! r+ to ! "y woman1 :o 0 !nce=? b\nd to c>ry out ! m>riage contract4 ,on ! o!r h&1 accord+ to ! poetical recitals ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! fiance gives a r+ to h] future husb&1 )\t receiv+ "o f him4 ,! same writ] reg>ds ! usage ( betro?al r+s z "o introduc$ among ! ,g]mans by ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 n "o t c be look$ ^u z prop]ly ,g]manic4#cfa ,! contract+ p>ties (t5 ex*ang$ r+s at ! betro?al c]emony1 :i* 9 _m cases 0 celebrat$ 9 ! *ur* ) all due solemnity4 ,%akespe>e's 8,two ,g5tlem5 ( ,v]ona0 conta9s an allusion to a m in=mal ex*ange ( r+s3 ,julia3 ,keep ?is remembrance = y\r ,julia's sake4 ,proteus3 ,:y !n we'll make ex*ange2 "h take y ?is4 7,giv+ a r+47 ,julia3 ,& seal ! b>ga9 ) a holy kiss4 ,9 our own "t1 9 ,g]many1 two r+s1 "o = ! bride & ! o!r = ! bridegroom1 are giv5 at ! m>riage c]emony1 & ^! r+s are call$ 8,traur+e10 a "n :i* designates ! r+ z an emblem ( fai? & tru/1 j z does ! ,italian "n = ! betro?al r+1 f$e1 or fai?4 ,f ! almo/ innum]able poesies inscrib$ ^u esp\sal r+s we select a few ( ! m notewor?y4 ,an antique ,roman r+ has ! words3 8,pignus amoris habes0 7,?\ ha/ a pl$ge ( love72#cfb ano!r %[s ! simple =m 8,prot]os ,ugi0 7,prot]os to ,ugia71 ! names be+ inscrib$ betwe5 two clasp$ h&s4#cfc ,a s5tim5t giv5 by "o :o 0 no believ] 9 unrequit$ love reads3 8,love me1 ,i w love !e40 ,a massive gold r+ ( e>ly date1 f\nd 9 #ahbc at ,!t=d1 9 ,suffolk1 gives u ! foll[+ inscription 9 ,old ,fr5*3 8,deus me octroye de v\s s]vir a gree com m\n c\] desire0 7,god grant me to s]ve !e acceptably z my he>t desires74#cfd ,on a r+ 9 ! collection ( ! late ,sir ,john ,evans we h ! foll[+ graceful inscription3 8,je suis ici en lieu d'ami0 7,i am "h 9 ! place ( a fri5d74 ,an elaborate w$d+-r+1 probably execut$ 9 ,g]many1 9 ! latt] half ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 is 9 ! f9e collection ( ! c\rt jewel] ,ko*1 ( ,frank=t-on-!-,ma94 ,out ( ri*ly ornam5tal foliage "w arise ! figures ( ! w$d$ pair1 evid5tly c>efully r5d]$ portraits4 ,al?\gh some:at lack+ 9 purely arti/ic h>mony1 ?is production ( ! r+-mak]'s art is an excell5t illu/ration ( ! quality ( ! be/ ,g]man goldsmi? "w ( ! "t 9 ! small] objects4 ,! ,figdor ,collection 9 ,vi5na conta9s a fifte5? c5tury betro?al r+ made 9 ,france4 ,x is ( gold & be>s ! inscriptions3 8,il e/ dit0 79 small lett]s7 & 8,,elle ,,me ,,ti5t0 79 capitals71 lit]ally3 8,x is said 7spok570 & 8,%e holds me40 ,a betro?al r+ 9 ! =m ( a s-call$ 8,puzzle ,r+10 has six connect+ hoops4 ,?ree ( ^! are enamel$1 two o!rs be> clos$ h&s1 & ! la/ %[s a key & ! head ( a w+$ angel4 ,?is is ( sev5te5? c5tury workman%ip4#cfe ,a w$d+-r+ ( simple ,go?ic design =m$ "p ( a grave treasure1 ! *>act]i/ic inscription3 8,9 ,mir ,i/ ,treue0 7,9 me is fidelity71 leav+ no d\bt z to ! use to :i* ! r+ _h be5 put4 ,?is pla9 triangul> b& is 9 ! ,g]manic ,museum 9 ,nuremb]g & is assign$ to ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,ano!r mo/ int]e/+ r+ f ! same p]iod 0 f\nd 9 ! t]ritory =m]ly kn[n z ! ,fr/5b]g]h(1 at ! s\?we/ end ( ! city ( ,ma9z2 x is n[ own$ by ! family ,he]dt ( t city4 ,! clasp$ h&s engrav$ on ! l[] "p ( ! hoop designate ?is cle>ly z a betro?al or w$d+-r+4 ,an ,engli% r+ ( ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury be>s ?is c\plet3 ,mo/ 9 mynd & yn myn h]rt ,lo!/ f !e f]to dep>rt4 ,9 sev5te5? c5tury r+s ! religi\s s5tim5t pr$om9ates3 8,i h obta9d :om ,god orda9d02 8,god unites our he>ts aright02 8,knitt 9 "o by ,*ri/ alone02 8,wee jo9 our love 9 ,god above40 ,a little m human1 if less devotional1 are ! mottoes3 8,unit$ he>ts dea? only p>ts02 8,a fai?full wife pres]ve? life10 & 8,love & live happily40 ,!re h be5 _m types ( betro?al r+s f ! simple/ up to ! mo/ elaborate & ornate4 ,"o hav+ a graceful symbolism 0 f\nd ne> ,wassy1 dept4 ,haute ,m>ne1 ,france1 9 ,june1 #ahfh4 ,! hoop is ( yell[ gold1 alloy$ suffici5tly to give x consi/5ce4 ,in/ead ( "o *aton1 x has two plac$ close to "o ano!r & ea* set ) a small1 cabo*on-cut em]ald4 ,! *oice ( ?is /one is a good indication t we h to d "h ) a betro?al r ?an a w$d+ r+1 = ! em]ald 0 emblematic ( hope1 ( unfulfill$ desire & ( virg9ity4 ,ar\nd ! sett+ runs ! foll[+ inscription 9 ,old ,fr5*1 beg9n+ ) ! sign ( ! cross3 ,,ce ,,que ,,desir ,,hom ,,done ,,un ,,bi54 ,?is may be r5d]$3 8,:at "o desires br+s happ9ess10 ! idea be+ p]haps t s beautifully express$ by ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as3 8,! s\l dwells ) ! lov$ "o r ?an 9 ! body x animates40#cff ,:ile ! lett]s ( ! ,fr5* inscription are s mu* worn z to make ! deciph]m5t ( two words a little unc]ta91 ! g5]al s5se is cle> en\gh1 & con/itutes a v f9e motto = su* a r+4#cfg ,! r+ :i* _h be5 us$ by ,l\is ,,ix 7,/4 ,l\is7 at 8 betro?al to ,m>gu]ite de ,prov5ce1 9 #abca1 0 s greatly priz$ by him t on 8 dea?-b$ he express$ ! wi% t x %\ld be int]r$ ) 8 body4 ,on its gold hoop he _h caus$ to be engrav$ ! lilies ( ,france & c]ta9 milit>y emblems4#cfh ,a graceful ?\ght is express$ 9 ! foll[+ ,old ,fr5* inscription on a r+ f\nd ne> ,poiti]s3 ,mon cu] se e/ resi\i aussi doit il si mai/ ,dieux4 ,a mon gre ne puis mieux aueir *oisi4 8,my he>t is rejoic$1 & s %\ld x be1 if ,god aid me4 ,= ,i feel ,i c\ld n h *os5 bett]40 ,a %ort] motto1 b "o full ( significance1 appe>s on a r+ 9 ! museum ( ,poiti]s2 x consi/s m]ely ( ! two words3 8,sans ,p>tir40 ,?is c\ld mean ei!r 8we %all nev] sep>ate10 or else t ! donor w\ld nev] ab&on 8 love4 ,ano!r brief motto1 f\nd on a r+ 9 ! ,l\vre dat+ f ! reign ( ,francis ,i1 runs 8,ri5s sans am\r10 or 8,love is all 9 all40#cfi ,illu/ration3 ,,jewi% ,,betro?al ,,r+s ,,9 ,,gold1 ,,set ,,) ,,preci\s ,,/ones ,muse de ,cluny1 ,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,jewi% w$d+ r+s1 "o ) ,temple dome1 ! o!r ) slant-ro($ /ructure4 ,ea* be>s ! ,hebrew words ,mazzel ,tob1 or 8,good ,luck0 ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,jewi% w$d+ r+1 ) five bosses & z bezel a project+ figure4 ,?is is h+$ & cov]s a gold plate4 ,on ! inside ,mazzel ,tob or 8,good ,luck0 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,jewi% m>riage r+4 ,gold hoop ) five bosses ( filigree enri*$ ) fl[]s 9 pale blue1 gre5 & :ite enamel1 & a gable-l projection ) two small w9d[s4 ,nrnb]g4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,jewi% w$d+ r+2 broad gold hoop1 ! sides %[+ ! ,creation ( ,eve1 ! ,fall1 & ! ,expulsion f ,ed54 ,g]man4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,at w$d+s 9 ,spa9 & also 9 "s p>ts ( ,france1 9 connection ) ! be/[al ( a r+1 ! curi\s usage has be5 obs]v$ ( giv+ ?irte5 pieces ( money to ! bride4 ,?is gift1 call$ 9 ,fr5* a treiza91 has its orig91 z ! "n indicates1 9 ! anci5t cu/om ( giv+ to ! pur*as] ( a doz5 articles1 an extra "o1 o/5sibly z a te/imonial ( good w1 b really to induce fur!r pur*ases4 ,?is old usage is said to h be5 obs]v$ at ! m>riage ( ,k+ ,alfonso ,,xiii ( ,spa9 9 #aijf4 ,! ,hebrew betro?al r+s 7 elaborate & some:at clumsy productions1 frequ5tly ( massive gold4 ,! broad hoop 0 surm\nt$ by ! repres5tation ( a temple1 sometimes ) a ,moori% dome1 b usually ) a slant+ ro(4 ,?is is a curi\sly conv5tionaliz$ figuration ( ,solomon's ,temple1 simil> to t f\nd ^u c]ta9 spuri\s ,hebrew co9s4 ,^u ! temple or else ar\nd ! r+1 are g5]ally ! ,hebrew words ,,fio ,,erg1 equival5t to 8,good ,=tune40#cgj ,sev]al su* r+s are describ$ 9 ! privately pr9t$ catalogue ( ! ,londesbor\gh ,collection 7,london1 #ahec1 p4 #d74 ,a m arti/ic specim51 also 9 ! ,londesbor\gh ,collection1 be>s ! figures ( ,adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise1 accompani$ by repres5tations ( animals1 all 9 high relief4#cga ,! specim5s describ$ belong to ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! le>n$ ,jesuit1 ,a?anasius ,kir*]1 cites a /atem5t to ! effect t ! inscription mazzel tob1 engrav$ ^u _m ,hebrew betro?al r+s1 ref]r$ to ! planet ,jupit] z ! 8good />40#cgb ,?is planet 01 inde$1 call$ by ! ,hebrews cocab z$eq1 8/> ( righte\sness0 or 8ju/ice10 b !re is little d\bt t mazzel tob %\ld be r5d]$ 8good =tune0 or 8propiti\s fate40 ,! e>lie/ ,jewi% w$d+-r+s are said to h be5 pla9 gold5 circlets1 )\t sett+1 inde$ a silv] sub/itute or ev5 "o ( a *eap] metal 0 n =bidd54 ,pe>ls1 favorite gems ) ! ,jews1 7 sometimes us$ = sett+s at a lat] p]iod4 ,! purely c]emonial or symbolic significance ( ! ,jewi% w$d+ r+ 9 e>ly times is exemplifi$ 9 its great size1 ! major "p ( ^! r+s be+ mu* too l>ge = we>4 ,sometimes1 at ! w$d+ fea/1 r+s ( ?is type 7 us$ z hold]s ( myrtle-bran*es4 ,! circlet surm\nt$ ) ! temple figure 0 occasionally =m$ ( two *]ubim4#cgc ,a r+ suppos$ to h be5 ! w$d+ r+ ( ! ,roman ,tribune1 ,cola di ,ri5zi 7ca4 #acac-aced71 is ( silv]1 ) an octagonal bezel2 ! hoop be>s ! names3 8,cat>9a0 & 8,nicola10 ^? ( ,ri5zi & ( ,cat>9a di ,raselli1 8 bride4 ,! lett]s h be5 plac$ 9 %>p relief by cutt+ away ! backgr\nd & fill+ x up ) niello4 ,betwe5 ! names are two />s4 ,z ,ri5zi *ose a /> z 8 emblem on ! co9s he /ruck dur+ 8 brief rule 9 ,rome1 ?is device c\pl$ ) ! names makes ! attribution ( ! r+ n )\t "s good f\ndation4#cgd ,?is r+ 0 b\ght by ,mr4 ,wat]ton 9 ,rome = a trifl+ sum4 ,x _h be5 pl$g$ 9 a ,monte di ,piet1 & 0 dispos$ ( at "o ( ! p]iodical cle>+ sales4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! betro?al c]emony 0 usually p]=m$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a not>y public1 n ( a prie/1 & ?is cont9u$ to be ! usage until aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 :i* end$ 9 #aefc4 ,at ! betro?al1 by proxy1 ( ,lucrezia ,borgia ) ,giovanni ,s=za1 ,febru>y #b1 #adic1 tw9 gold r+s set ) preci\s /ones 7 giv51 "o to be put on ! f\r? f+] ( ! fiance's left h&1 8^: ve9 leads to ! he>t0 z ! record specifies1 :ile ! o!r 0 to be plac$ on ! bridegroom's little f+]4#cge ,9 "o ( ! v risqu tales =m+ ! 8,c5t ,n\velles ,n\velles10 ! au?or%ip ( :i* has be5 attribut$ to ,k+ ,l\is ,,xi ( ,france 7#adfa-adhc71 x is relat$ t a lady1 :ile ba?+1 lo/ a diamond r+2 ! n>rator adds3 8,?is 0 "o h] liege "l _h giv5 h] on ! day ( h] esp\sal1 & %e priz$ x ! m highly on ?is acc\nt40 ,al?\gh diamond r+s 7 n common at ?is "t1 ! rec5tly inv5t$ art ( facett+ ! diamond 0 rapidly br++ ^! /ones into fa%ion & favor4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a record1 or at lea/ a family tradition1 t "o ( ! ?ree l>ge diamonds cut 9 facets by ,lod[yk van ,b]k5 ( ,bruges1 ab\t #adgf1 at ! ord] ( ,duke ,*>les ! ,bold ( ,burgundy1 0 set 9 a r+ & giv5 by ! duke to ,l\is ,,xi1 ) :om he 0 !n seek+ to get on a fri5dly foot+4 ,?is diamond is describ$ z hav+ be5 cut z a 8triangle & a he>t40 ,?is possibly means t ! triangul> %ape 0 slightly modifi$ into a he>t %ape4#cgf ,a ,scot* leg5d relates t a m>ri$ woman by ill-*ance let h] w$d+ r+ fall into ! riv] ,clyde4 ,on h] return home h] husb& not$ its abs5ce &1 believ+ %e _h giv5 x to a lov]1 became furi\sly jeal\s1 us$ ! h>%e/ language to h] & ev5 ?reat5$ h] life4 ,9 h] despair ! innoc5t wife w5t & ca/ h]self at ! feet ( ,/4 ,k5tig]n1 ,bi%op ( ,glasg[1 supplicat+ him to r5d] h] fai?fulness manife/4 ,! bi%op _h compassion ^u h]1 & utt]$ a pray] t ! r+ might be re/or$4 ,8 pray] 0 answ]$1 = ere a few h\rs _h pass$ a fi%]man came to him be>+ z a gift a l>ge salmon he _h j caught1 & 9 ! m\? ( ! fi% 0 f\nd ! lo/ r+4 ,! husb&1 conv9c$ ( 8 inju/ice1 0 k9d] to 8 wife ?an ev] be=e1 s z to make good ! wrong he _h done h]4 ,to ! /ory giv5 9 ?is leg5d are ascrib$ ! figures ( a salmon ) a r+ 9 its m\? on ! coat-(-arms ( ! city ( ,glasg[1 z well z on ! armorial be>+s ( sev]al ( ! bi%ops ( t city f ! "t ( ,bi%op ,wi%]t1 :o liv$ "u ,edw>d ,,ii ( ,engl& 7#acjg-acbg74cgg ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,anne ,,( ,,cleves 7#aeae-aeeg71 ,,f\r? ,,wife ,,( ,,h5ry ,,viii1 ,,by ,,hans ,,holbe9 ,?umb-r+ on left h&1 "o r+ on index f+]1 & two on f\r? f+] ( "r h&4 ,?is portrait1 :5 %[n to ,h5ry1 pleas$ him s well t he agre$ to ! m>riage1 b he express$ sore disappo9tm5t :5 he at la/ saw ! new que5 ,muse du ,l\vre1 ,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,judi?1 ,,aft] ,,lucas ,,crana* ,r+s worn b5ea? gloves1 :i* h slits to relieve ! pressure & to %[ ! r+s4 ,"r h& has f\r r+s1 on ?umb1 index1 f\r? f+]1 & little f+]1 respectively ,kais]li*e ,gemlde-,gal]ie1 ,vi5na ,among hi/oric w$d+ r+s especially wor?y ( note is t commemorat+ ! m>riage ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r to ,ca?>9a von ,bora1 ,june #ac1 #aebe4cgh ,bo? ,lu!r & 8 wife _h tak5 ! v[ ( celibacy 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 & he 0 bitt]ly reproa*$ by ,roman ,ca?olics = contract+ ?is m>riage4 ,reply+ to 8 accus]s1 he is decl>$ to h said t he m>ri$ 8to please himself1 to tease ! ,pope1 & to spite ! ,devil40 ,! inscription on ?is r+ is3 8,d4 ,m>t9o ,lu!ro ,ca?>9a v4 ,bor51 #ac ,jun4 #aebe40 ,?is probably indicates t ! r+ 0 giv5 to ,lu!r by 8 wife 9 memory ( ! w$d+4 ,x is /at$ to h belong$ to a family 9 ,leipsic z late z #ahag4 ,a copy ( ! r+ is 9 ! writ]'s possession4 ,x 0 giv5 him by ,mrs4 ,edi? ,true ,drake1 z a mem5to ( h] husb& ,alex&] ,w4 ,drake1 ( ^: collection x _h =m$ "p4 ,! orig9al r+ is set ) a small ruby1 & be>s 9 high relief repres5tations ( ! crucifixion1 & ( ! in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion2 ! pill>1 sc\rge1 spe>1 etc4 ,a p5dant to ?is is a r+ giv5 ei!r to ,lu!r or 8 wife1 z a mem5to ( 8 m>riage1 by "s fri5d4 ,?is is ( ! type ( gimmal r+s1 divisible b n sep>able4 ,on "o hoop ! sett+ is a diamond1 on ! o!r a ruby4 ,! bezel sep>ates into two halves :5 ! r+ is op5$1 & reveals on ! two hidd5 sides ! initials ,c ,v ,d & ,m ,l ,d1 = ,ca?>9a von ,bora & ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ,doctor4 ,on ! inn] side ( ! conjo9$ hoops is ! inscription3 8,0 ,got zusam5 fiegt sol ke9 m5s* s*eid50 7,^? :om ,god ha? jo9$1 %all no man put asund]71 9 ! old ,g]man spell+4#cgi ,! diamond is on ! ,lu!r side ( ! divid$ bezel1 & signifies p[]1 durability & fidelity2 ! ruby on ! side m>k$ ) ! wife's initials is tak5 to mean exalt$ love4 ,bo? ?is r+ & ! "o already describ$ are believ$ to h be5 design$ by ! arti/1 ,lucas ,crana*1 :o 0 a fri5d ( ,lu!r's & assi/$ at 8 m>riage4 ,! r+ is 9 ! ,gros%]zogli*es ,museum at ,brunswick4 ,a v notewor?y r+1 9 ! ,wat]ton ,collection at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ,london1 belong$ to ,h5ry1 ,"l ,d>nley1 & commemorat$ 8 m>riage ) ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots4 ,on ! bezel are ! initials ,m ,h1 entw9$ ) a true-love knot1 & )9 ! hoop is engrav$ ,,h5ri ,l4 ,,d>nley1 & ! date1 #aefe4 ,betwe5 ! two gr\ps ( lett]s con/itut+ ! inscription1 is figur$ a lion rampant on a c>v$ %ield4 ,?is r+ is said to h be5 f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ,fo!r+ay ,ca/le1 :]e ,m>y ,/u>t 0 execut$4#chj ,a peculi> class ( r+s be>s ! "n ( 8gimmal r+s40 ,?is designation is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 gemelli1 8tw9s10 & indicates ! =m ( ! ornam5t4 ,two r+s are jo9$ toge!r by a pivot s t :5 unit$ !y con/itute a s+le r+1 al?\gh !y c be easily sep>at$4 ,on ea* circlet !re is a b&1 s dispos$ t :5 bo? are br\ght toge!r ! h&s are clasp$ & hold ! sep>ate r+s 9 place4 ,occasionally1 !re are ?ree or m r+s comb9$ 9 ! same way1 ! designation 8gimmal r+0 be+ us$ = ^! also4 ,! foll[+ l9es by ,h]rick ref] to ?is latt] type3 8,?\ s5t'/ to me a true-love knot2 b ,i ,return a ,r+ ( jimmals to imply ,?y love _h "o knot1 m9e a triple tye40 ,a specim5 ( ?is type ( r+ is giv5 9 ! privately-pr9t$ catalogue ( ,lady ,londesbor\gh's collection 7,london1 #ahec1 p4 #ag74 ,?is is describ$ z 8a triple gimmal1 ! fir/ & ?ird circlet hav+ ea* a h&1 s t1 :5 jo9$1 ! two h&s are clasp$ toge!r & s]ve to conceal two unit$ he>ts on ! ?ird r+4 ,( ,g]man workman%ip40 ,x 0 cu/om>y to sep>ate ! conjo9$ r+s at ! betro?al c]emony & to give ! upp] & l[] to ea* ( ! betro!d1 respectively1 :ile ! middle r+ 0 giv5 to an intimate fri5d ( ! lady4 ,:5 ! m>riage 0 solemniz$1 ! r+s 7 reunit$ & be/[$ ^u ! bride4 ,z a g5]al rule all r+s be>+ clasp$ h&s 7 t]m$ gimmal r+s1 al?\gh ! designation prop]ly belong$ to two or m sep>ate r+s jo9$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,r+ ) po9t$ diamond us$ = writ+ on glass ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,massive gold ,gallo-,roman r+4 ,f\nd ne> ,mulsanne1 dept4 ,s>!1 ,france1 ab\t #ahej4 ,believ$ to be a w$d+ r+2 five views4 ,fif? ,c5tury4 ,see page #bjb ,abbe ,b>raud1 8,des ,bagues de ,t\tes les ,epoques10 ,p>is1 #ahfd ,illu/ration3 ,r+s ( ,m>y ,/u>t4 #a1 signet r+2 #b1 w$d+ r+ ( ,m>y & ,d>nley1 ) date ( m>riage1 #aefe2 two views ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,gold betro?al r+1 bezel 9 =m ( clasp$ h&s1 hoop %ap$ z two amoretti4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,hebrew w$d+ r+4 ,adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise ,w$d+ r+ ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 two views4 ,orig9al _h a small ruby 9 ! c5tre ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,w$d+ r+ ( gimmal type4 ,g]man1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,set ) a ruby & an aquam>9e4 ,inscription visible :5 r+ is sep>at$3 ,quod ,deus conjunxit homo non sep>et 7,let man n sep>ate :at ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r74 ,! betro?al or w$d+ r+ ( ,sir ,?omas ,gre%am 7#aeai-aegi7 is ( simil> design ,briti% ,museum ,! foll[+ l9es f ,don ,seba/ian1 a play writt5 by ,dryd5 7#afij71 expla9s q fully ! "* & use ( a gimmal r+3 ,a curi\s arti/ wr\ght 'em ,) joynts s close z n to be p]ceiv'd2 ,yet are !y bo? ea* o!r's c\nt]p>t4 7,h] "p _h ,juan inscrib'd1 & 8 _h ,zayda1 ,y "k ^! names 7 !irs37 & 9 ! mid/ ,a he>t divid$ 9 two halves 0 plac'd4 ,n[ if ! rivets ( ^? ,r+s inclos'd ,fit n ea* o!r1 ,i h =g'd ?is lye3 ,b if !y jo91 y mu/ = ev] "p4 ,9 ,burgon's life ( ,sir ,?omas ,gre%am1 ! m]*ant pr9ce ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s "t & f\nd] ( ! ,royal ,ex*ange1 we are %[n 8 w$d+ r+4 ,?is is a gimmal r+ compos$ ( two hoops1 "o be>+ ! inscription 8,quod ,deus conjunxit0 7,:at ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r7 & ! o!r3 8,homo non sep>et0 7,let n man put asund]74#cha ,! two hoops are set ) a r$ & a :ite /one1 respectively4 ,a curi\s developm5t ( ! gimmal-r+ 0 ! s-call$ 8puzzle-r+0 consi/+ ( pieces ( gold wire +5i\sly b5t & int]tw9$ s t !y appe>$ to =m a s+le indivisible r+1 al?\gh by a c]ta9 clev] twi/ !y c\ld easily be sep>at$ into sev]al indep5d5t hoops4 ,?is type 0 d]iv$ f ! ,ea/4 ,on a gimmal r+ belong+ to ! fir/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 9 ! ,londesbor\gh ,collection1 is an engrav$ head ( ,lucretia2 at ! back appe> two h&s clasp$4 ,?is type seems to h be5 common 9 ,%akespe>e's "t1 = 9 ,twelf? ,night 7,act ,,ii1 sc4 #e71 ,malvolio exclaims1 aft] exam9+ ! seal on a lett]3 8,by y\r leave1 wax4 ,s(t6--& ! impressure h] ,lucrece ) :i* %e uses to seal40#chb ,! *oice ( ?is image = a betro?al r+ mu/ h be5 int5d$ ei!r z a tribute to ! lady's *a/ity1 or else z a k9d ( amulet to protect h] f attacks on h] virtue4 ,illu/ration3 ,gimmal r+1 op5 ,edw>d's 8,hi/ory & ,poetry ( ,f+] ,r+s0 ,illu/ration3 ,silv] betro?al r+2 two views4 ,on ! %\ld] appe>s ! leg5d3 8,god ,help40 ,engli%1 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,gold puzzle r+s4 #a1 ?ree hoops1 cruci=m bezel3 #b1 ) f\r hoops4 ,two views ( ea*1 clos$ & op54 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,curi\s old posy r+4 ,! motto is to be read3 ,our h&s & he>ts ) "o cons5t1 ,ha? ti$ ?is knot till dea? prev5t ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,w$d+ r+s ) 8posies40 ,engli%1 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,two ,gimmal r+s1 "o d\ble1 ! o!r triple4 ,betro?al or w$d+ r+s ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,! talismanic quality ( ! turquoise is not$ by ,edw>d ,f5ton1 9 8 8,secrets ( ,nature0 7#aefi71 :]e9 he says3 8,! ,turkeys do? move :5 !re is any p]ill prep>$ to him t we>e? x40 ,9 8 comm5t>y on ,%akespe>e's ,o!llo1 ,/eev5s rem>ks t ! poet probably _h ! my/ic virtues ( ?is /one 9 m9d :5 he made ,%ylock m\rn ! loss ( ! turquoise 8 wife ,leah _h giv5 him be=e _! m>riage4#chc ,9 ! orig9al text ( ?is passage ! "n is spell$ 8turkie10 & ?is old spell+ is int]e/+ z %[+ ! id5tity ( ! "n giv5 to ! /one ) t be/[$ ^u ! f[l kn[n to u z a turkey4 ,9 ?is latt] case ! spell+ & pronunciation h be5 reta9$1 :ile 9 ! =m] we h ! modifi$ =m turquoise1 bo? names indicat+ an association ( ! respective objects ) ,turkey1 z ! l& f :5ce !y 7 errone\sly believ$ to come4 ,z ,%ylock's turquoise seems to h be5 set 9 a betro?al r+1 x is s+ul> to note t at ! pres5t day ! turquoise is a favorite /one = betro?al r+s 9 ,g]many4 ,9 ,%akespe>e's ,cymbel9e1 :]e ! diamond is s (t5 m5tion$ 9 connection ) a r+ giv5 z a sign ( fai?fulness1 a passage occurs d5ot+ t ?is /one 0 sometimes set 9 a betro?al r+ 9 ,%akespe>e's "t4 ,! l9e runs 7,act ,i1 sc4 #d73 ,?is diamond 0 my "m's3 take x1 he>t2 ,b keep x till y woo ano!r wife4 ,! preci\sness & dazzl+ lu/re ( diamonds are also allud$ to 9 ?is play4 ,x is wor?y ( note t :ile 9 all ( ,%akespe>e's plays ! diamond is only m5tion$ tw5ty-"o times1 sev5 ( ^! m5tions are 9 8 ,cymbel9e4 ,an emblematic w$d+-r+ ) a deep1 & p]haps some:at ambigu\s significance1 0 be/[$ ^u 8 sp\se by ,bi%op ,cokes4 ,^u x 0 engrav$ a h&1 a he>t1 a mitre1 & a dea?'s head1 ! inscription read+3 ,^! ?ree ,i give to !e ,till ! f\r? set me free4#chd ,a frankly humor\s inscription 0 t plac$ ^u ! w$d+-r+ ( ,lady ,ca?c>d :51 9 #agac1 %e w$d$ h] f\r? husb&1 ,hugh ,maguire4 ,?is 0 z foll[s3 ,if ,i survive ,i w h five ,a simil> poesy is said to h be5 us$ at a lat] date by ,john ,?omas1 ,bi%op ( ,london1 on ! r+ :i* he us$ at 8 f\r? m>riage3 ,if ,i survive ,i'll make !m five4#che ,! ,puritan reaction 9 ,engl& dur+ ! ,commonweal?1 aga9/ ! cu/oms ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 ext5d$ to ! use ( ! w$d+-r+1 & ,samuel ,butl] 9 8 ,hudibras alludes to ?is t5d5cy 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 ,o!rs 7 = aboli%+ ,t tool ( matrimony1 a r+ ,) :i* ! unsanctify'ed bridegroom ,is m>ry'd only to a ?umb4 ,!re is a possibility t ?is curi\s cu/om ( we>+ a w$d+ r+ on ! ?umb may h _h "s connection ) ! old fancy t ! second jo9t ( ! ?umb 0 d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ^: suppos$ esp\sal r+ is pres]v$ 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,p]ugia4 ,x is true t ?is ought r to apply to a betro?al r+ ?an a w$d+ r+4 ,! foll[+ li/ gives ! religi\s d$ication ( ! v>i\s f+]-jo9ts3 ,9 ! "r h& ! upp] jo9t ( ! ?umb 0 d$icat$ to ,god1 ! l[] jo9t to ! ,virg92 ! fir/ jo9t ( ! index to ,/4 ,b>nabas1 ! second to ,/4 ,john1 ! ?ird to ,/4 ,paul2 ! fir/ jo9t ( ! middle f+] to ,/4 ,simon ,cleophas1 ! second to ,/4 ,?addu1 ! ?ird to ,/4 ,joseph2 ! fir/ jo9t ( ! annul> to ,/4 ,zac*u1 ! second to ,/4 ,/eph51 ! ?ird to ,/4 ,luke2 ! fir/ jo9t ( ! little f+] to ,/4 ,leatus1 ! second to ,/4 ,m>k1 ! ?ird to ,/4 ,nicodemus4 ,! d$ication ( ! left h& f+]s 03 ,fir/ jo9t ( ?umb1 to ,*ri/1 second jo9t to ! ,virg92 fir/ jo9t ( ! index to ,/4 ,james1 ! second to ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ! ?ird to ,/4 ,pet]2 fir/ jo9t ( ! middle f+] to ,/4 ,simon1 ! second to ,/4 ,mat!w1 ! ?ird to ,/4 ,james ! ,great]2 fir/ jo9t ( ! annul> to ,/4 ,jude1 ! second to ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ! ?ird to ,/4 ,&rew2 fir/ jo9t ( ! little f+] to ,/4 ,mat?aias1 ! second to ,/4 ,?omas1 ! ?ird to ,/4 ,philip4#chf ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,cl>a ,,eug5ia1 ,,daught] ,,( ,,philip ,,ii ,,( ,,spa91 ,,by ,,gonzales ,r+s on ?umb & index ( "r h&1 :i* holds a m9iature ( ,philip4 ,elaborately jewell$ dress & spl5did pe>l necklace & head-ornam5t ,museo del ,prado1 ,madrid ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,cat>9a ,,mi*ela1 ,,daught] ,,( ,,philip ,,ii ,,( ,,spa91 ,,by ,,coello ,,san*ez ,?umb r+ on "r h& & r+ on index ( same h&2 bo? ) preci\s-/one sett+s4 ,simil> r+s on index & little f+]s ( left h& ,museo del ,prado1 ,madrid ,z 9 ,europe a c\ple ( c5turies ago1 s 9 ! ,india ( to-day1 a w$d+ r+ is (t5 worn on ! ?umb4 ,?is is ( gold1 ab\t an in* wide4 ,x is only worn1 h[ev]1 = a %ort p]iod1 sometimes only dur+ ! sev]al days devot$ to ! celebration ( ! w$d+ c]emonies2 9 o!r cases1 x is worn = six mon?s1 or occasionally ev5 = twelve mon?s aft] m>riage4 ,ev5tually x is melt$ d[n1 ! preci\s metal be+ !n work$ up into "s o!r ornam5t4#chg ,! great lexicograph]1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 0 devot$ly atta*$ to 8 wife1 al?\gh ! alliance c sc>cely be look$ ^u z a love mat* on ! le>n$ doctor's side4 ,8 pati5t devotion to 8 sickly & r ugly wife goes to %[ h[ wide is ! div]g5ce betwe5 !ory & practice1 = 9 8 diction>y ,johnson def9es a r+ z3 8a circul> in/rum5t plac$ ^u ! noses ( hogs & ! f+]s ( wom5 to re/ra9 !m & br+ !m into subjection40 ,aft] 8 wife's dea? ,dr4 ,johnson pres]v$ h] w$d+-r+ 9 a box be>+ ! foll[+ inscription3 8,eheu6 ,eliza ,johnson1 ,nupta ,july #io #agcf1 ,mortua1 eheu6 ,m>t4 #ago #ageb40 ,t ! betro?al r+ 0 occasionally worn on ! index f+] is %[n 9 two celebrat$ sev5te5? c5tury pictures1 ! 8,betro?al ( ,m>ie de' ,m$ici10 by ,rub5s1 & ! 8,betro?al ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e10 by ,murillo4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! little f+] 0 *os5 = ?is honor & an int]e/+ example ( ?is cu/om is giv5 by a docum5t 9 ! ,hoh5zoll]n ,museum 9 ,b]l94 ,"h is exhibit$ a li/ ( ! r+s worn by ,que5 ,l\isa ( ,prussia on ! day ( h] dea?1 writt5 d[n by h] husb&1 ,k+ ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,,iii1 & ! fir/ entry reads3 8,our betro?al r+1 on ! little f+] ( ! "r h&40 ,! li/ closes ) ! foll[+ simple & t\*+ words 9 ! ,k+'s h&writ+3 8,at ,hoh5zi]itz1 on ! mo/ unhappy day ( my life1 ,july #ai1 #ahaj10 ?is be+ ! day ( ,que5 ,l\isa's dea?4 ,x may be not$ t at ! pres5t day1 :ile ! usual cu/om 9 ,s\? ,g]many is to we> ! w$d+ r+ on ! f\r? f+] ( ! left h&1 9 ,nor? ,g]many ! "r h& is g5]ally giv5 ! pref]5ce4 ,?is applies bo? to m5 & wom54 ,k+ ,george ,,iv ( ,engl& is said to h _h two r+s made1 ea* provid$ ) a secret spr+ :i*1 on be+ press$1 op5$ a panel & reveal$ ! k+'s portrait & t ( ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t1 respectively4 ,! r+ conta9+ ! k+'s portrait 0 be/[$ by him ^u ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t1 :om he is said to h m>ri$ 9 #aghe1 & t ) h] portrait 0 kept by him1 &1 be=e 8 dea?1 entru/$ to ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 ! latt] promis+ solemnly t he w\ld place x ^u 8 royal ma/]'s brea/ :5 8 rema9s 7 9 ! c(f94 ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t left h] r+ to ,miss ,dawson ,dam]4#chh ,ano!r r+ giv5 by ,george ,,iv to ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t 0 exhibit$ 9 ! ,victoria ,exhibition1 at ! ,new ,gall]y1 ,london1 & is describ$ z be+ a gimmal1 ! two hoops closely fitt+ toge!r1 ) ! inscription 8,geo4 ,adolph4 ,fr$]ick0 on ! inside ( "o & 8,m>ia ,anne0 on t ( ! o!r4#chi ,9 =m] times r+s us$ to be pres5t$ to ! *ief gue/s at a w$d+1 & at ! m>riage ( ,que5 ,victoria ) ,pr9ce ,alb]t1 six doz5 su* r+s 7 be/[$1 ea* "o hav+ a pr(ile portrait ( ! bride engrav$ ^u x1 ) ! inscription1 8,victoria ,reg9a40 ,! revival ( ?is graceful cu/om w\ld s]ve to p]petuate among ! w$d+ gue/s ! memory ( ! c]emony at :i* !y _h assi/$4 ,w$d+ r+s figur+ two clasp$ h&s are /ill us$ by ! peasants ( ,norm&y1 & 9 ,galway also r+s be>+ two h&s clasp+ a he>t h be5 pass$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 f ! "m to ! elde/ daught]4 ,?is illu/rates ! g5]al rule t long aft] a cu/om or a =m ( p]sonal adornm5t has ceas$ to be 9 favor ) ! high] classes x cont9ues to be popul> ) ! peasantry4 ,! inscriptions on r+s occasionally se51 :i* appe> to be a m$ley ( mean+less lett]s1 are (t5 ! makeup ( two names int]lock$1 su* z 8,george0 & 8,sophia03 g,ae,io,hr,pg,oe,s ! "o "n read+ to ! "r & ! o!r to ! left4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,irel& ! belief 9 ! special virtue ( a gold w$d+ r+ is s /rong t :5 ! bridegroom is too poor to buy "o he w hire x = ! occasion1 & x is report$ t a %opkeep] ( ,mun/] realiz$ q a little sum annually by r5t+ r+s = w$d+s1 to be br\ght back to him aft] ! c]emony4 ,/range to say1 !re is said to h be5 a sup]/iti\s fancy 9 ,york%ire1 ,engl&1 t to w$ ) a borr[$ r+ w\ld br+ good luck4#cij ,a ,scotti% tradition 9 reg>d to a r+ us$ at a w$d+ is imbu$ ) ! gloomy sup]/ition s *>act]i/ic ( ,scotl&4 ,! heir ( a noble family 0 ab\t to be m>ri$ to a ,dut* lady ( rank1 b :5 ! w$d+-day came 0 s apa!tic1 or s preoccupi$1 t he =got ! h\r ( ! c]emony1 & _h to be hurri$ f 8 breakfa/ to ! *ur*4 ,9 8 ha/e he _h =gott5 all ab\t ! w$d+-r+1 & 0 oblig$ to use a r+ (f]$ to him by a by/&] :5 ! c]emony rea*$ ! po9t :]e "o _h to be put on ! bride's f+]4 ,:at 0 h] t]ror1 h[ev]1 :5 %e saw t x 0 a m\rn+-r+ t _h be5 plac$ ^u h] h&1 "o be>+ ! s9i/] design ( a skull & cross-bones4 ,?is %e felt to be an om5 t dea? w\ld soon ov]take h]1 & %e brood$ s mu* ov] ! happ5+ t %e sank into a decl9e1 & di$ be=e a ye> _h pass$4 ,! effect ( ! m9d ^u ! body is s great1 especially 9 highly n]v\s organisms1 t su* a tragic result ( a m]e piece ( c>elessness is f> f be+ impossible4 ,9 mod]n times betro?al r+s are (t5 ( ! type call$ 8reg>d r+s10 :]e ! lett]s ( a ^w are indicat$ by ! initial lett]s ( ! /ones set 9 ! r+1 z1 = example3 ,r uby ,e m]ald ,g arnet ,a me?y/ ,r uby ,d iamond ,9 a simil> way ! ,*ri/ian "n ( ei!r ( ! betro!d may be indicat$1 z1 = in/ance3 ,s apphire ,o pal ,p eridot ,h yalite ,i olite ,a me?y/ ,al?\gh a diamond r+ is ! "o mo/ appropriate z an engagem5t r+1 x has long be5 recogniz$ t = a w$d+ r+ no?+ c replace ! simple hoop ( preci\s metal1 :i* may1 inde$1 be r5d]$ a trifle less pla9 by "s v *a/e & beautiful engrav+4 ,a reason = ! pref]5ce giv5 to ! r+ )\t sett+ is (f]$ by ,full] 9 8 8,holy ,/ate10 :]e he says3 8,m>riage ) a diamond r+ =e%ad[$ evil1 because ! int]ruption ( ! circle augur$ t ! reciprocal reg>d ( ! sp\se might n be p]petual40#cia ,an attempt is be+ made 9 ,g]many to introduce ! use ( w$d+-r+s ) mod]ate ornam5tation & appropriate mottoes patt]n$ on ^? ( =m] times1 9 place ( ! sev]ely pla9 gold hoop t has = a long "t be5 decre$ to be ! only prop] =m ( w$d+-r+4 ,if ! t5d5cy to ov]-ornam5tation is kept /rictly )9 b\nds & if ! mottoes are well *os51 !re is "s reason to ?9k t ! innovation1 or r revival1 may meet ) "s success1 z x w af=d scope = individuality ( ta/e to ass]t itself1 & = ! expression ( s5tim5t 9 a way t has n be5 possible "u pres5t conditions4 ,a w$d+ r+ ( iron & gold arti/ically comb9$ has ga9$ "s favor ( late1 z symboliz+ ! union ( /r5g? & beauty1 ( ! m solid ) ! m brilliant qualities4 ,! uncompromis+ pla9ness ( ! pla9 gold r+1 :i* repres5t$ a reaction to primitive =ms f ! ov]-ornam5tation ( ! ,rococo p]iod1 w probably give place to c]ta9 simple & *a/e designs :i* c be made to symbolize "s ( ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts connect$ ) ! m>riage c]emony4 ,b ! un/able1 oxidiz+ quality ( ! iron w n recomm5d ?is metal = durability4 ,! recurr5ce ( a great national crisis w (t5 cause ! revival ( "s cu/om or usage ( an e>li] "o4 ,?us x is t 9 ! pres5t ,w> ( ,nations1 ,g]mans h reviv$ ! practice ( ex*ang+ gold r+s = iron ones t 0 resort$ to 9 ! d>k "t ( ,napoleonic supremacy 9 ,g]many4 ,! total value ( ! metal secur$ 9 ?is way is ( c\rse relatively small1 ?\gh n entirely negligible1 b ! _s ( devotion to ! ,vat]l& f9ds bo? a real & a symbolic expression 9 ! deposition ( _m a valu$ heirloom on ! c\ntry's alt>4 ,to avoid a ru/ /a9 on ! f+] ^! iron r+s--:i* usually be> ! figure ( ! ,iron ,cross--are frequ5tly l9$ ) a ?9 lay] ( gold4 ,n only r+s b gold & silv] objects ( all k9ds & valuable jewels h be5 br\ght 9 by patriotic ,g]mans1 to su* an ext5t1 inde$1 t ! ,vi5nese jewell]s are urg+ t ! metals %\ld be imm$iately melt$1 z 9 case ! objects or ornam5ts %\ld be put on ! m>ket1 !y w\ld compete disa/r\sly ) ! jewell]s' %ops4 ,x is /at$ t up to ! middle ( ,septemb]1 #aiae1 z _m z five ?\s& w$d+ r+s 7 donat$ 9 ! s+le ,prussian prov9ce ( ,pos51 & ! e/imate has be5 made t ab\t "o million doll>s w be realiz$ f ! total (f]+s ?r\gh\t ! ,g]manic c\ntries4 ,! anci5ts & ! al*emi/s call$ gold ! metal ( ! sun & silv] ! metal ( ! moon1 b )9 ! pa/ two c5turies ! _w has become famili> ) plat9um1 a metal ( equal dignity ) gold1 b ) ! pure :it5ess ( ! some:at t>ni%able silv]4 ,plat9um1 because ( its durability & purity1 may well be call$ ! metal ( ,heav51 & )9 ! pa/ c5tury we h add$ to our li/ ( metals alum9um1 a metal :i* con/itutes a fair p]c5tage ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,?is c be appropriately t]m$ ! metal ( ! e>?4 ,^! two metals1 plat9um & alum9um1 h be5 us$ to a great ext5t2 plat9um = ! purpose ( m\nt+ jewels--! />s ( ,heav51 z x 71 9 _! heav5ly sett+--& alum9um1 ! metal ( e>?1 = a great v>iety ( purposes4 ,surely plat9um1 ! metal ( ,heav51 is a mo/ appropriate mat]ial = a w$d+ r+1 & z gold has always be5 t]m$ ! metal ( man1 s plat9um1 ! metal ( ,heav51 might be d$icat$ to woman1 ! faire/ gift ( ,heav51 & an alliance r+ made ( ^! two metals w\ld be an ideal matrimonial r+4 ,_m ( ^? :o 7 m>ri$ be=e plat9um 0 us$ = w$d+ r+s h rec\rse to an +5i\s device by :i* a plate ( plat9um is spun or turn$ ov] ! entire "p ( ! sett+ :i* is visible1 s t ! gold r+ w appe> to be ( plat9um1 ei!r pla91 c>v$ or *as$4 ,great +5uity is requir$ 9 ?is m\nt+1 because x is 9 mo/ cases impossible to p]mit ! metal to d m ?an t\* ! inn] "p ( ! r+4 ,o!rwise1 ! size ( ! circlet w\ld be r$uc$4 ,alliance r+s are sometimes made "o side gold & "o side plat9um4 ,at ! pres5t "t _m plat9um w$d+ r+s are made p]fectly pla91 o!rs are engrav$ ) a laurel wrea?1 z a peace or anti-divorce symbol1 ) oak leaves = /r5g?1 ivy = cl++ devotion1 & "s o!r symbolic devices4 ,_m alliance r+s are made ( two p>ts1 "o be>+ ! names ( ! engag$ c\ple1 ! o!r ! date ( ! engagem5t4 ,n>r[ gold r+s ) diamond sett+s are also us$1 closely resembl+ ! type ( diamond r+ t has be5 worn z a gu>d-r+ = _m ye>s4 ,t m5 %\ld be =c$ to we> w$d+ r+s is a proposition rec5tly agitat$ 9 ,london4 ,public att5tion 0 call$ to ?is "q by newspap] reports to ! effect t a "y lady _h te/ifi$ at a divorce suit t %e _h innoc5tly enc\rag$ ! att5tions ( a m>ri$ man1 because %e _h no means ( kn[+ t he 0 m>ri$4 ,9 _m cont95tal c\ntries m>ri$ m5 are always expect$ to we> su* r+s1 al?\gh !re is ( c\rse no legal compulsion to d s1 any m ?an 9 ! case ( a wife4 ,we c h>dly d5y t any?+ s]v+ to fix ! /atus ( bo? m5 & wom5 9 ! matt] ( _! m>ital relations is em95tly desirable4 ,illu/ration3 ,lady's gold r+1 ) ,fr5* motto3 8,mon cur e/ v\s0 7,my he>t is y\rs7 ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,engagem5t r+ ) adju/able hoop2 fully op52 half-op52 & clos$ ,illu/ration3 ,ornam5tal w$d+ r+s1 & sep>able alliance w$d+ r+ ( 8gimmal0 type clos$ & op5 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$d+ ,,r+s4 ,,pla9 ,,gold1 ,,plat9um ,,& ,,*as$ ,apropos ( w$d+ r+s1 ! notice ( a special m>riage c]emony p]=m$ = a man & woman :o 7 bo? ard5t advocates ( woman suffrage1 sugge/s t su* unions might be signaliz$ by ! use ( a r+ ( a *>act]i/ic type4 ,9 ?is case ! p>ties to ! m>riage contract 7 c>eful to emphasize ! fact t ! union 0 "o betwe5 equals1 ea* ( :om made ! same pl$ge ( fidelity & love to ! o!r4 ,p]haps a r+ enamell$ ) ! suffragette colors might be acceptable to ! pione]s ( ! new era4 ,z 9 _m old-fa%ion$ m>riages ! woman 0 accord$ a de facto primacy1 ! man :o will+ly accepts ! doctr9e ( ! equality ( ! sexes may be r a ga9] ?an a los] by 8 adh]5ce to ! new fai?4 ,9 ,engl&1 x is said t a movem5t has be5 initiat$ to aboli% ! use ( ! w$d+-r+1 possibly 9 "s s5se z a w> measure1 to con/itute a slight *eck on ! use ( gold = ornam5tal purposes4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 conjectur$ t its real s\rce is r to be s\ght 9 ! g5]al movem5t = ! complete indep5d5ce ( wom51 ! w$d+-r+ be+ look$ ^u by "s extremi/s z an antiquat$ badge ( slav]y4 ,x is h>dly probable t su* a movem5t w meet ) any consid]able measure ( success1 = ! idea t ! r+ is a symbol ( fai? has become too deeply root$ 9 ! popul> m9d to w>rant ! rejection ( ! "t-honor$ usage4 ,p]haps ! objection ( ! extreme advocates ( 8woman's rights0 might be satisfi$ by ! introduction ( an int]*ange ( r+s bo? at engagem5ts & m>riages4 ,?is ex*ange ( r+s is an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! mutuality ( ! relation1 & x has be5 practic$1 & /ill is practic$ 9 _m c\ntries on ! ,european cont95t4 ,moreov]1 ! introduction ( ?is usage 9 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld af=d scope = a broad5+ ( ! symbolism connect$ ) ^! r+s1 by diff]5tiat+ !m 9 "s way1 s t !y might signify ! special virtues ea* ( ! contract+ p>ties br+ to _! mutual relation4 ,?is diff]5tiation w\ld 9 no wise imply any subjection1 b w\ld m]ely emphasize ^? fundam5tal di/9ctions1 )\t :i* ! true progress ( ! _w w\ld be *eck$4 ,real equality consi/s 9 ! untrammel$ developm5t ( ! *>act]i/ic excell5ces1 n 9 any arbitr>y r$uction ( all to "s preconceiv$ /&>d4 ,( all ! m>riage-m$als t h be5 /ruck none c be said to equal 9 beauty ( design & t5d]ness ( s5tim5t t design$ 9 #ahie by ! great ,fr5* m$alli/ ,osc> ,roty 7#ahdf-aiaa74 ,! obv]se %[s ! bridegroom ab\t to place ! w$d+-r+ on ! bride's h&1 b 9 ! v act ( do+ s1 he is impell$ to look upw>d1 z ?\gh call+ = ,heav5's bless+ ^u 8 m>riage4 ,! girli% bride has h] head slightly b5t d[n 9 tok5 ( ass5t4 ,! sc5e is 9 ! op5 c\ntry2 ! figures are seat$ opposite to "o ano!r on pla9 /one seats1 & ! l&scape backgr\nd is ,rafaelesque 9 its delicate beauty4 ,b5ea?1 9 ! ex]gue1 is ! s+le ^w 8,semp]10 an e>ne/ t ! solemn contract s gladly & s religi\sly ent]$ into w be kept = ?is _w & = ! great future4 ,! rev]se %[s a /atue ( ,cupid on a f\nta9 p$e/al2 alongside rises ! trunk ( a /urdy oak4 ,on ! "r is ample space = a d$icatory inscription4 ,! companion-piece1 ,roty's second m>riage m$al1 execut$ t5 or m ye>s lat]1 al?\gh a noble "w1 falls some?+ %ort ( 8 fir/ ef=t4 ,"h ! bridegroom1 :o displays no r+1 kneels be=e ! bride ) uplift$ head1 ! ,fr5* motto read+ 8,a ,elle ,t\j\rs0 78,=ev] ,h]s072 on ! rev]se is a *ur* alt>4 ,"u ?is is a plaque1 enclos+ :i* are roses1 oak-leaves & acorns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>riage ,,m$als ,,by ,,! ,,great ,,fr5* ,,m$alli/1 ,,osc> ,,roty 7#ahdf-aiaa7 ,! upp] m$al %[s ! putt+ on ( ! w$d+ r+ ,illu/ration3 ,,betro?al ,,r+ ,,( ,,gold ,,9 ,,=m ,,( ,,s-,,call$ 8,,puzzle ,,r+0 ,six connect+ hoops1 ?ree ( !m enamel$1 two o!rs ) clasp$ h&s1 & ! six? ) a key & a w+$ angel's head4 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,betro?al ,,r+ ,,( ,,gold ,inscrib$ 9 ,old ,fr5* 8,il e/ dit0 & 8,elle me ti50 7lit]ally 8,x is said 7spok570 & 8,%e 7or x7 holds me074 ,fr5*4 ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,love ,,r+ ,,( ,,gold1 ,,enamel$ ,,& ,,set ,,) ,,preci\s ,,/ones ,! bezel has a lid on :i* is enamel$ a head we>+ a dom9o mask2 x is fram$ by sev5te5 rubies4 ,:5 ! lid is rais$ !re appe>s b5ea? an oval1 enamel$ ) a he>t1 ar\nd :i* is ! motto3 8,p\r v\s seule0 7,= y alone74 ,! int]ior ( ! lid is holl[$ out to s]ve z a receptacle = hair4 ,on ! ribbon-l hoop is ! inscription3 8,s\s le masque la vrit0 7,b5ea? ! mask is tru?74 ,ab\t #ahjj4 ,=m]ly belong$ to ! great ,vi5nese tragic actress ,*>lotte ,wolt]4 ,a type ( r+ ( occasional use1 n di/antly relat$ to ! w$d+ r+1 comprises ! s-call$ 8pacify+10 or tee?+ r+s1 g5]ally made ( ivory1 rubb] or celluloid1 & l>ge en\gh = "o or two f+]s ( a *ild4 ,diagonally on ! hoop is a flat1 circul> piece ( ! same mat]ial z t ( :i* ! r+ is made1 & :i* prev5ts x f slipp+ into ! m\? ( ! *ild4 ,^u ?is flat piece is m\nt$ a small bit ( rubb] or ivory = ! *ild to suck or bite ^u1 to develop its tee?1 or at lea/ to keep x quiet4 ,:at might be call$ a 8,latitude & ,longitude ,r+10 w\ld be an attractive mem5to ( engagem5t & m>riage4 ,!re w\ld be a n>r[ b& %[+1 ar\nd x1 a degree ( latitude m>k$ ) longitudes1 & hav+ a small /> at ! place :]e ! p>ties became engag$1 & a d\ble /> at ! spot :]e !y 7 m>ri$4 ,a few appropriate inscriptions on mod]n engagem5t r+s are z foll[s3 8,our engagem5t02 8,my love to ?9e02 8,to h] :o m]its all my love02 8,to my ,pet02 8,to my #8,*iquita' f ,bill10 ?is la/ 9 ,spani%4 ,9 a m s]i\s ve9 we h3 8,"t-,et]nity10 & 8,p]fect love ca/e? out fe>40 ,occasionally !re is a note ( sadness1 z appe>s 9 ! inscription3 8,fai?ful1 b unhappy40 ,a r+ be>+ ! words 8,/ick to me1 my d>l+0 may %[ t ! fianc 0 a trifle di/ru/ful ( 8 lady love's con/ancy2 ano!r :o sets 9 8 r+ 8,firm & ,true0 makes u inf] t he _h m fai?4 ,! ?ree words 8,bessie sweet sixte50 %[ t e>ly engagem5ts sometimes occur ev5 9 our sophi/icat$ age4 ,on ornam5ts o!r ?an r+s1 be/[$ 9 connection ) ei!r engagem5t or m>riage1 we read3 8,my he>t ,i take n back f !e4 ,h4 ,b4 ,l40 & 8,?9e own wi%1 wi% ,i !e4 ,a4 ,b4 ,t4 ,r4 ,v4 ,p40 ,a curi\s inscription runs3 8,a na/y cold face & metal eye10 & we h3 8,= my sake we> ?is1 x is a manacle ( love40 ,mod]n w$d+ r+s are (t5 inscrib$ ) pi\s s5tim5ts1 su*1 = in/ance1 z3 8,all = ,jesus02 8,ea* = ! o!r1 bo? = ,god02 8,our unity is ,*ri/02 8,m]cifully orda9 t we may gr[ old toge!r02 8,9 ,*ri/ & 9 ,!e my com=t %all be02 8,god gave !e to me02 8,?r\gh weal & ?r\gh woe1 to ea* o!r on e>?1 to ,god 9 ,heav54 ,always true to ,b]?a40 ,a some:at philosophic s5tim5t appe>s 9 ! words3 8,ultimate ,good1 n pres5t pleasure40 ,lat9 inscriptions are n[ q r>e1 b "h is "o3 8,si ,deus nobiscum1 quis contra nos80 7,if ,god be ) u1 :o c be aga9/ u87 ,9 o!r cases ! leg5d is m worldly3 8,love = ,love0 & 8,he t take? a wife ha? a good ?+40 ,let u hope t ?is optimi/ 0 n mi/ak5 9 8 confid5ce4 ,ano!r bridegroom decl>es t he1 at lea/1 has a 8good ?+10 = he places 9 8 r+ ! simple motto3 8,c>rie suits40 ,if %e suits him1 t is en\gh4 ,la/ly1 we h ! mo/ satisfactory inscription ( all1 s9ce x te/ifies to ! result ( "o =tunate exp]im5t2 ?is reads3 8,9 tok5 ( #cj ye>s fidelity z ,wife & ,"m40 ,! use ( a diamond r+ = betro?als seems to h be5 g5]al t[>d ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 = royal p]sonages at lea/1 to judge f a lett] writt5 f ,gh5t on ,july #cj1 #adgg1 by ,dr4 ,wilhelm ,morolt+] to ,ar*duke 7lat] ,emp]or7 ,maximilian1 j be=e 8 betro?al to ,m>y ( ,burgundy1 daught] ( ,*>les ! ,bold4 ,?is lett] runs3 8,at ! betro?al y\r ,grace mu/ h a r+ set ) a diamond & also a gold r+4 ,moreov]1 9 ! morn+ y\r ,grace mu/ be/[ ^u ! bride "s co/ly jewels40#cib ,f "t immemorial we h _h w$d+-r+s1 b x seems t 9 view ( ! great numb] ( divorces n[ grant$ we might well introduce ! cu/om ( giv+ 8divorce-r+s10 = at no "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian _w h !re be5 m divorces ?an at ! pres5t day4 ,?is divorce-r+ might be diff]5tiat$ f ! old-fa%ion$ w$d+-r+ by sub/itut+ ! inscription ,a ,b ,c f ,d ,b ,f = ,a ,b ,c & ,d ,e ,f4 ,a novel idea 9 divorce-r+s is report$ f ,*icago1 :]e a fa%ionable divorce _h h] w$d+-r+ made small] s t %e c\ld we> x on ! little f+] ( h] left h& z a divorce-r+4 ,h[ev]1 we fe> t if ?is idea %\ld be g5]ally adopt$1 ! little f+] w\ld sc>cely (f] room = ! s]ies ( r+s t "s ( our !atrical />s w\ld h to we>4 ,p]haps 9 "s cases ?is we>+ ( ! w$d+-r+1 ev5 9 a modifi$ =m1 aft] a divorce1 might be int5d$ to indicate t ! old love _h n :olly vani%$1 & t "s day ^? :o _h be5 put asund] c\ld be rejo9$1 z occasionally happ5s n[-a-days4 ,at w$d+s 9 ,tunis1 ! ,arabs h ! cu/om ( plac+ ! w$d+-r+ ^u ! fir/ f+] ( ! left h&1 & ! f+] & toe-nails ( ! bride receive an especially ri* color+ ( h5na on ?is occasion1 /a9+ !m a deep r$2 h] eyebr[s also are heavily p5cill$ & jo9$ across ! nose s t !y =m a s+le b> ov] ! eyes4 ,9 ord] to make ! home-com+ z auspici\s z possible1 a gild$ pair ( horns are set above ! portal ( ! h\se1 along ) ! favorite *>m kn[n z 8! h& ( ,fatima10 believ$ to af=d safety f ! malign influ5ce ( ! ,evil ,eye1 s mu* dread$ 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 "s ,occid5tal l&s also4#cic ,an int]e/+ incid5t 9 :i* a r+ plays an important "p is relat$ 9 connection ) ! visit ( ,secret>y1 aft]w>d ,presid5t ,taft1 accompani$ by a numb] ( prom95t ,am]icans1 to ! ,sulu ,isl&s a few ye>s ago4 ,mrs4 ,longwor?1 !n ,miss ,alice ,roosevelt1 0 "o ( ! p>ty1 & ! ,sultan ( ,sulu1 ,jamalul ,kiram ,,ii1 express$ a great desire to be introduc$ to h]4 ,! favor 0 readily accord$1 & on ! day set = ! int]view ! ,sultan & sev]al ,sulu dattos1 or *iefs1 duly pres5t$ !mselves4 ,"o ( ! dattos 0 a mortal enemy ( ! ,sultan1 b naturally on ?is occasion all p]sonal or political feuds 7 =gott5 = ! "t be+4 ,aft] ! ,sultan _h be5 pres5t$ to ,miss ,roosevelt1 came ! turn ( ! rebelli\s datto1 :o approa*$ ! sprightly "y ,am]ican girl1 greet$ h]1 & pres5t$ to h] a native pe>l ( great beauty1 :i* 0 graci\sly accept$4 ,! *agr9 ( ! ,sultan may easily be imag9$1 = he _h =gott5 to provide himself ) a suitable gift1 & n[ 8 mortal enemy 0 bask+ 9 ! sun%9e ( favor1 :ile he himself1 ! "l p>am\nt1 0 neglect$4 ,sudd5ly 8 eye fell ^u a r+ set ) a magnific5t pe>l :i* he wore on 8 left h&4 ,he imm$iately took (f ?is r+1 & aga9 approa*+ ,miss ,roosevelt1 gave x to h]4 ,z ! ,sultan's pe>l f> exce$$ 9 beauty & value t giv5 by ! datto1 ! =m]'s dignity 0 cle>$ ( all reproa* & ! situation 0 sav$4 ,a curi\s sequel to ?is incid5t 0 ! circulation ( a report 9 ! press to ! effect t ! ,sultan ( ,sulu _h made an (f] ( m>riage to ,miss ,roosevelt4 ,?is prov$ h[ closely ! gift ( a r+ is associat$ ) ! idea ( engagem5t or m>riage4 ,a ,p5nsylvania 7,u4 ,s4 ,a47 c\rt has be5 call$ ^u to decide :e!r ! gift ( an engagem5t r+ be/[$ by a man j prior to a decl>ation ( bankruptcy1 %\ld be look$ ^u z a transf] ( assets to ! prejudice ( ! cr$itors4 ,! fact t 9 ?is case ! fair recipi5t ( ! r+ 0 a jewell]'s daught] might be ?\ght to r5d] x likely t ?is p>ticul> engagem5t r+ 0 ( sub/antial intr9sic value4 ,! c\rt res]v$ its decision4 ,a *oice ( pretty 8posies0 = r+s 0 (f]$ to sev5te5? c5tury read]s 9 a ,london publication entitl$ 8,love's ,g>l&2 or ,posies = ,r+s1 ,h&k]*iefs & ,gloves1 & ,su* ,pretty ,tok5s z ,lov]s ,s5d ,_! ,loves40 ,unyield+ con/ancy f\nd expression 9 ! c\plets3 ,:]e once ,i *oose ,i ne'er refuse4 ,he>ts cont5t ,c ne'er rep5t4 ,ano!r v]se makes a v mode/ claim = an expression ( gratitude on ! "p ( ! recipi5t3 ,! sight ( ?is ,des]ves a kiss4 ,! w>m? ( reciprocat$ love is ?us ass]t$3 ,9 !e a flame ,9 me ! same4 ,ano!r lov] wi%es to proclaim t 8 love w rise sup]ior to all (f5ses3 ,no bitt] sm>t ,c *ange my he>t4 ,a m s]i\s & tru/+ posy runs3 ,to me till dea? ,z de> z brea?4 ,a r+ m5tion$ 9 an old ,engli% record dat+ f #adgc1 (f]s app>5tly an e>ly example ( a s-call$ 8posy0 r+4 ,x is "h t]m$ a 8hope rynge ) scrytorio0 7inscription72 ?is1 toge!r ) a broo* adorn$ ) ! figure ( a 8jyntylle woman10 0 pl$g$ ) a c]ta9 ,ri*>d ,walk] to secure a small loan ( #d #h;d4#cid ,a good example ( a 8r+ posie0 is giv5 by ,b5 ,jonson 9 8 play 8,! ,magnetic ,lady1 or ,hum\rs ,reconcil$10 fir/ lic5s$ = p]=mance 9 #afcb1 dur+ ! reign ( ,*>les ,i1 & b five ye>s be=e ,jonson's dea?4 ,"h1 :5 bride & groom come be=e ! p>son to be w$d$1 he asks ! bridegroom3 ,h y a w$d+ r+8 ,to :i* ! latt] replies3 ,ay1 & a posie3 ,annulus hic nobis1 quod sic ut]que1 dabit4 ,?is ! p>son quickly r5d]s z foll[s3 ,?is r+ w give y :at y bo? desire2 ,i'll make ! :ole h\se %\t x1 & ! p>i%4 ,on o!r pages a numb] ( *>act]i/ic & /rik+ r+-inscriptions are giv51 b 9 view ( ! wide range ( ^! 8posies0 7poesies7 & mottoes1 a fairly full li/ ( !m1 compil$ f v>i\s s\rces1 may be ( int]e/ "h4#cie ,! ,fr5* mottoes are ne>ly all 9 ,old ,fr5*1 & ! ,engli% spell+s ( ^? ( ! sev5te5? c5tury are delightfully irregul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,"y ,,woman4 ,,dut* ,,s*ool ,l>ge r+s on little f9d]s ( "r & left h&s2 l>ge r+ on ?ird jo9t ( left-h& f\r? f+]1 & small] "o on second jo9t ( ! same f+]2 pla9 gold r+ 7w$d+ r+87 on f\r? f+] ( left h& ,kais]li*e ,gemlde-,gal]ie1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man1 ,,by ,,! ,,arti/ ,,kn[n ,,z ,,! 8,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,m>y10 ,,f ,,8 ,,mo/ ,,not$ ,,picture ,r+s on index & little f+]s ( "r h& ,knigli*e ,gemlde-,gal]ie1 ,cassel ,till dea? divide4 ,nemo nisi mors4 7,no "o b ,dea?74 ,t\t p\r be9 feyre4 7,all to d well74 ,9 bone fay4 7,9 good fai?74 ,sans mal desyr4 7,)\t evil wi%74 ,amor v9cit om4 7,love conqu]s all ?+s74 ,till my life's end4 ,erunt duo 9 c>ne una4 7,!y %all be two 9 "o fle%74 ,semp] amemus4 7,may we love =ev]74 ,9 ,*ri/ & !e my com=t be4 ,honeur et joye4 7,honor & joy74 ,let reason rule affection4 ,god cont9ue to love u4 ,mon cur avez4 7,y h my he>t74 ,deux corps ung cu]4 7,two bodies & "o he>t74 ,am\r et con/ance4 7,love & con/ancy74 ,god unite our he>ts aright4 ,knit 9 "o by ,*ri/ alone4 ,god's provid5ce is our inh]itance4 ,our contract 0 heav5's act4 ,9 !e1 my *oice1 d ,i rejoice4 ,god above increase our love4 ,my he>t & ,i1 until ,i dye4 ,n two1 b "o1 till life be gone4 ,:5 ?is y see1 rememb] me4 ,julia is m9e own peculi>4 ,i _c %[ ! love ,i ,o4 ,we /rangely met1 & s d _m1 ,b n[ z true z ev] any4 #afeh4 ,z we begun1 s let's cont9ue4 ,my belov$ is m9e1 & ,i am h]s4 ,true blue w nev] /a94 #afec4 ,aga9/ ?\ goe/1 ,i w provide ano!r4 #afeh4 ,9 lov+ !e1 ,i love myself4 #afeh4 ,let him nev] take a wife1 ,t w n love h] z 8 life4 ,a he>t cont5t _c rep5t4 ,i d n rep5t ,i gave cons5t4 ,no gift c %[ ! love ,i owe4 ,:at ! he>t saw ! love ha? *os54 ,love "o little1 b love "o long4 ,love him :o gave !e ?is r+ ( gold1 ',tis he mu/ kiss !e :5 ?\ art old4 ,?is circle1 ?\gh b small ab\t1 ,! devil1 jeal\sy1 w keep out4 ,if ,i ?9k my wife is fair1 ,:at ne$ o!r p c>e8 #afec4 ,god's appo9tm5t is my cont5tm5t4 ,love1 ,i l !e2 sweet1 requite me4 ,) he>t & h& at y\r comm&4 ,my he>t 9 sil5ce speaks to !e1 ,?\gh abs5ce b>rs tongue's lib]ty4 ,fai?ful ev]3 deceitful nev]4 ,i l1 ,i love z turtle dove4 ,z gold is pure1 s love is sure4 ,despise n mee3 yt joyes 9 !e4 ,if y d5y1 !n sure ,i dye4 ,y\r "r is my delight4 ,z true1 bee j4 ,no bett] sm>t %all *ange my he>t4 ,?is r+ is a tok5 ,i give to !e1 ,t ?\ no tok5s d *ange = me4 ,my de>e/ ,betty is good & pretty4 #afeh4 ,i did commit no act ( folly1 ,:5 ,i m>ri$ my sweet ,molly4 #afeh4 ',tis fit no man %\ld be alone1 ,:i* made ,tom to m>ry ,joan4 #afeh4 ,sue is bonny1 bly!1 & br[n2 ,?is r+ ha? made h] n[ my own4 #afeh4 ,l ,phillis !re is none3 ,%e truly loves h] ,*oridon4 #afeh4 ,my life is done :5 ?\ art gone4 #afec4 ,?is ha? no end1 my sweete/ fri5d3 ,our loves be s1 no end+ "k4 ,god s5d h] me my wife to be4 ,z ,god decre$ s we agre$4 ,take h& & he>t1 ,i'll ne'er dep>t4 ,love & dye 9 con/ancy4 ,a virtu\s wife t s]ve? life4 ,z long z life yr lov+ wife4 ,i w be y\rs :ile brea? endures4 ,love is sure :]e fai? is pure4 ,a virtu\s wife do? bani% /rife4 ,god did =see we %\ld agree4 ,love me1 & be happy4 ,none c prev5t ! ,"l's int5t4 ,virtue surpasses ri*es4 ,let virtue re/ )9 ?y brea/4 ,"t less5e? n my love4 ,joye )\t end4 ,let lyk+e la/4 ,?is & giv] are ?9e = ev]4 ,?9k on mee4 ,let love increase4 ,?\ art my />1 be n irregul>4 #afec4cif ,)\t ?y love ,i backw>d move4 #afac4 ,?9e eyes s bright are my *ief delight4 #afec4 ,?is intimates true lov]s' /ates4 #afec4 ,?\ w]t n h&some1 wise1 b ri*2 ',twas t :i* did my eyes bewit*4 #afeh4cig ,z we begun1 s let's cont9ue4 #afeh4 ,:at ! eye saw ! he>t ha? *os54 #afeh4 ,m fai?ful ?an =tunate4 #afeh4 ,con/ancy & heav5 are r\nd1 ,& 9 ?is ! emblem's f\nd4 ,z ,god ha? knit our he>ts 9 "o1 ,let no?+ "p b dea? alone4 ,god our love cont9ue ev]1 ,t we 9 heav5 may live toge!r4 ,we>e me out1 love %all n wa/e1 ,love beyond lyvie /ill is plac$4 ,we>e ?is text1 & :5 y looke ,uppon y\r f+]1 swe>e by ?' booke4 ,!re is no o!r1 & ,i am he1 ,t loves no o!r1 & ?\ art %e4 ,eye do? f9d1 he>t do? *oose1 ,fai? do? b9d1 dea? do? loose4 ,z ,god ha? made my *yce 9 !e1 ,s move ?y he>t to com=t me4 ,god yt ha? kept ?y he>t = mee1 ,grant t our love may fai?ful bee4 ,fe> ye ! ,"l !n re/ cont5t1 ,s %all we live & n rep5t4 ,div9ely knit by grace are wee1 ,late two1 n[ "o1 ye pl$ge "h see4 #afeg4 ,breake n ?y v[ to please ! eye1 ,b keepe ?y love1 s live & dye4 ,love ?y *a/ wife beyond ?y life4 #afja4 ,i love ! rod & !e & ,god4 #afdf4 ,pray to love2 love to pray4 #afdi4 ,m we>e--m we>4 #afeb4 ,endless z ?is %all be our bliss4 #agai4 ,be truly wise le/ dea? surprise4 ,live 9 love & fe> ! ,"l4 ,godly love w n remove4 ,unit$ he>ts dea? only p>tes4 ,y & ,i w lov]s die4 ,we joyn our love 9 ,*ri/ above4 ,god gives increase to love & peace4 ,god did decree our unitie4 ,he>t cont5t _c rep5t4 ,live1 love1 & be happie4 ,noe he>t m true ?an m9e to y4 ,9 !e ,i f9d cont5t ( m9d4 ,a bless+ we d hope to see4 ,9 love div9e we love to jo9e4 ,he>ts unit$ live cont5t$4 ,9 love & joy ,i w live & die4 ,9 ?y brea/ my he>t %all re/4 ,! love is true t ,i4,o4,u4 ,my love is fix$ ,i w n range4 ,i l my *oice too well to *ange4 ,?is is ! ?+ ,i wi% to w94 ,my promise pa/ %all ev] la/4 ,well project$ if accept$4 ,god ?\ght fit ?is knott to knitt4 ,?y ,des>t ha? won my he>t4 ,true love is ! bond ( peace4 ,let our conte/ be :o loves be/4 ,?9e eyes s bright are my *ief delight4 ,our loves be s no end+ "k4 ,my pl$ge ,i prove ( mutuall love4 ,gift & giv]1 y\r s]vants ev]4 ,lel ami avet4 7,?\ ha/ a loyal fri5d74 ,rememb] ,him :o di$ = !e1 ,& aft] t rememb] me4 ,take h& & he>t1 ile ne'er dep>t4 ,breake n ?y v[ to please ! eye1 ,b keepe ?y love1 s live & dye4 ,i w be y\rs :ile brea? endures4 ,i am s5t to salute y f a fai?full fri5d4 ,?is & my he>t4 ,too light to requite4 ,y\r sight1 my delight4 ,= a kiss1 take ?is4 ,my he>t y h & y\rs ,i crave4 ,! want ( !e is grief to mee4 ,privata di te morir4 7,depriv$ ( !e ,i %all die74 ,mon esprit e/ p>t\t1 ,mon cur e/ avec v\s4 7,my m9d is ev]y:]e1 ,my he>t is ) y74 ,fai?full ev]1 deceitfull nev]4 ,god's bless+ be on !e & me4 ,love him 9 he>t ^: joy ?\ art4 ,a lov+ wife prolonge? life4 ,desire ha? set my he>t on fire4 ,bo? or nei!r1 *use y :e!r4 ,p>t+ is vayne :5 love do? remayne4 ,i fancy none b !e alone4 ,god s5t h] me my wife to be4 ,?is is y\r w1 to save or kill4 ,if y d5y1 !n sure ,i dye4 ,y\r sight1 my delight4 ,joyfull love ?is r+ d prove4 ,9 !e ,i prove ! joy ( love4 ,sil5ce ends /rife ) man & wife4 ,?is r+ do? b9de body & m9de4 ,dea? nev] p>ts su* lov+ he>ts4 ,body & m9d 9 !e ,i f9de4 ,ry*es be un/able ,& beauty w dekay1 ,b fai?ful love w ev] la/ ,till dea? dryve x away4 ,"o ( ^? posies might seem to ref] cov]tly to ! l5g? ( ! =ego+ li/3 ,?is ha? no end1 my sweete/ fri5d4 #afec4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"s ,,r+s ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts1 ,,bo/on #a1 silv] & gilt2 pi]c$ ) scrolls & ! 8,little ,monk0 ( ,muni*4 ,mod]n4 ,bav>ian4 #b1 ,tyrolese4 ,peasant's engagem5t r+ ( silv] ) design ( two he>ts & scrolls4 #c1 ,fr5* 7874 ,said to h belong$ to a collat]al bran* ( ! ,montmor5cy family4 ,gold1 l>ge g>net ) em]ald ea* side2 ! cr[n compos$ ( pe>ls & small diamonds4 ,b\ght 9 ,london4 #d1 ,*9ese ornam5t4 #e1 heavy silv]1 set ) mala*ite4 #f1 ,*9ese ornam5t4 #g1 ,italian 7874 ,peasant's engagem5t r+ ( silv]4 #h1 ,italian4 ,gold1 set ) a turquoise1 a horse's head 9 :ite enamel at ei!r side4 #i1 ,tyrolese4 ,silv]1 set ) a *amois too? = good luck4 #aj1 ,fr5*4 ,bi%op's r+ ( gold & silv]4 ,enamel$ bezel set ) an alm&9e & diamonds4 ,b\ght 9 ,g5eva4 #aa1 ,italian4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury /yle4 ,gold set ) a g>net4 #ab1 ,italian 7874 ,silv]1 set ) a l>ge cry/al 7874 ,black & :ite enamel on bezel4 #ac1 ,italian4 ,gold1 set ) a clu/] ( r$ & gre5 /ones alt]nat+2 a cry/al 9 ! c5tre4 #ad1 gilt1 set ) r$ glass 7874 #ae1 bronze1 decoration 9 relief4 #af1 ,italian4 ,gold set ) turquoises4 #ag1 ,fr5* 7874 ,gold1 set ) a brilliant4 #ah1 ,lapl&i%4 ,silv]-gilt ) pi]c$ design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacques ,,guay1 ,,c\rt ,,gem ,,engrav] ,,( ,,l\is ,,xv1 ,,engrav+ ,,gems ,,9 ,,8 ,,workroom ,,at ,,! ,,l\vre ,m>iette1 8,trait des ,pi]res ,graves10 ,p>is1 #agej ,! sacr$ & peculi> quality ( a r+ t has be5 giv5 to a man by 8 wife z a memorial ( m>riage is express$ 9 /rong t]ms 9 ,%akespe>e's ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice 7,act v1 sc4 #a74 ,"o ( ^! r+s 0 giv5 by ,n]issa to ,gratiano1 ! o!r by ,portia to ,bassanio4 ,:5 ,gratiano is *>g$ ) hav+ p>t$ ) 8 r+1 he def5ds himself by mak+ light ( x b is rebuk$ = ?is by ,n]issa4 ,! v]ses run z foll[s3 ,gratiano3 444 a hoop ( gold1 a paltry r+ ,t %e did give me1 ^: posy 0 ,= all ! _w l cutl]'s poetry ,^u a knife1 8,love me1 & leave me n40 ,n]issa3 ,:at talk y ( ! posy or ! value8 ,y swore to me1 :5 ,i did give x y1 ,t y w\ld we> x till y\r h\r ( dea?1 ,& t x %\ld be ) y 9 y\r grave4 ,portia1 jo9+ 9 ,n]issa's feign$ rebuke1 says3 ,y are to blame1 ,i mu/ be pla9 ) y1 ,to "p s lightly ) y\r wife's fir/ gift2 ,a ?+ /uck on ) oa?s ^u y\r f+] ,& s rivet$ ) fai? unto y\r fle%4 ,i gave my love a r+ & made him swe> ,nev] to "p ) x2 & "h he /&s2 ,i d>e be sworn = him he w\ld n leave x1 ,nor pluck x f 8 f+]1 = ! weal? ,t ! _w ma/]s4 ,bassanio1 h[ev]1 is =c$ to confess t he1 too1 has rel9qui%$ 8 r+4 ,( c\rse1 z all read]s ( ,%akespe>e "k1 bo? ,portia & ,n]issa h ^! r+s 9 _! own possession1 s9ce !y !mselves 71 9 disguise1 ! judge & ! cl]k to :om ,bassanio & ,gratiano unwill+ly yield$ !m4 ,:ile ! f+]-r+ 0 kn[n to ! ,*9ese f a v e>ly p]iod1 x nev] seems to h enjoy$ great favor ) !m4 ,accord+ to primitive c\rt etiquette 9 t l&1 ! ,emp]or's 8lead+ lady0--= ! "t be+--_h to we> a silv] r+ at c\rt4 ,9 case %e pres5t$ h] sov]eign ) a desc5dant1 %e 0 rew>d$ by ! gift ( a gold r+1 :i* %e wore on "o ( ! f+]s ( h] left h&4 ,ab\t ! mid-p]iod ( ! ,han dyna/y 7#bjf ,b4,c4-#bba ,a4,d47 nephrite 7jade7 r+s 7 kn[n z well z ^? ) /one sett+ b !y 7 only r>ely us$ z ornam5ts4#cih ,,vi ,,! ,,religi\s ,,use ,,( ,,r+s ,! adornm5t ( r+s ) religi\s emblems1 & _! use z insignia ( (fice = ! high] ecclesia/ics & = ! prie/s ( ! anci5t e?nic religions w be consid]$ 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,( special int]e/ are ! r+s us$ by ,roman ,ca?olic popes1 c>d9als & bi%ops1 ! usage 9 ?is direction hav+ v>i$ consid]ably 9 ! diff]5t p]iods4 ,) reg>d to ! engrav+s on _m anci5t r+s x may (t5 be difficult1 h[ev]1 to "k :e!r a religi\s symbol1 or ! conv5tional figure ( a div9ity1 has be5 us$ 9 a /rictly religi\s s5se1 or m]ely = ornam5tal purposes4 ,! employm5t ( r+s z religi\s symbols is (t5 b\nd up ) _! use 9 "s o!r way1 z 9 ! case ( _m seal r+s = in/ance4 ,?is 0 und\bt$ly ! case ) a l>ge numb] ( ! anci5t r+s not$ 9 e>li] *apt]s4 ,"h we h endeavor$ to gr\p toge!r ^? :i* 7 m exclusively religi\s 9 _! "*1 ! ecclesia/ical r+s1 especially ^? worn by ,roman ,ca?olic popes1 c>d9als & bi%ops1 con/itut+ ( c\rse a l>ge "p ( ^!4 ,a v few examples w s]ve z brief illu/rations ( ! religi\s use ( r+s 9 pagan times4 ,!re is 9 ! ,l\vre1 among ! ,egyptian antiquities1 a gold r+ engrav$ ) figures ( two horses4 ,! symbol ( ! ,sun-,god :i* x be>s is believ$ to signify ! gratitude ( ,rameses ,,ii--to :om ?is r+ is attribut$--= ! aid ( ! div9ity 9 secur+ ! k+'s victory ov] ! ,khetas 9 "o ( 8 ,asiatic campaigns4 ,unque/ionably _m ( ! engrav$ sc>abs set 9 ,egyptian r+s _h a specifically religi\s significance1 & ! same is true ( ! engrav+s on ! *atons ( gold r+s1 z1 = example1 9 ! case ( t worn by ! prie/ 9 *>ge ( ! ,pyramid ( ,*eops 7,khufu74 ,"s ( ^! h already be5 describ$ 9 ! *apt] on signets1 ! ess5tial use ( ^! r+s be+ = seal+4 ,9 _m o!r cases ! pres5ce ( a div9e "n z a compon5t ( ! royal "n1 or 9 a royal title1 probably _h n mu* m ( a di/9ctly religi\s mean+ ?an ! 8,dei ,gratia0 on ! co9s ( ,european rul]s4 ,! r+s worn by ! high prie/s ( ,jupit] 7flam9es ,diales71 :o _h1 ex-(ficio1 ! rank ( s5ators1 7 made holl[ & ( op5work4 ,?is p>ticul> =m is said to h be5 *os5 = my/ic & symbolic reasons1 z %[+ t ev]y?+ indicat+ h>dness or sev]ity1 ! re/riction ( lib]ty1 or ardu\s labor1 0 to be held alo( f ?is flam51 :o1 ) ^? ( ,m>s & ,quir9us 7,romulus71 belong$ to ! gr\p ( great] prie/s select$ f ! patrician ord]4#cii ,! conjecture t we %\ld seek "h ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ian episcopal r+s is v f>-fet*$1 ! g5]al symbolism ( ! r+ z an emblem ( et]nity1 & its be/[al z a m>k ( rank1 hav+ be5 probably suffici5t det]m9+ factors4 ,no "o1 man or woman1 0 p]mitt$ to ent] ! sanctu>y ( ! 8,mi/ress0 at ,lycosura1 we>+ a r+ on any f+]2 only r+s de/9$ = d$ication might be br\ght into ! temple4#djj ,?is is atte/$ by an inscription f ! second c5tury ,b4,c42 ! regulation mu/1 h[ev]1 date f an e>li] p]iod4 ,! same prohibition z to we>+ r+s 0 decre$ 9 ! case ( all ^? :o wi%$ to seek = enlight5m5t f ! oracle ( ,faunus1 & ! petition]s 7 also requir$ to ab/a9 f meat & to pres]ve _! *a/ity4 ,! r+ 0 suppos$ to int]f]e ) ! fre$om ( ! _s to receive ! div9e grace or c\nsel4#dja ,( r+s app>5tly d$icat$ to "s deity1 ! ri* ,briti% ,museum collection has sev]al examples4 ,a bronze r+1 hav+ a ?9 r\nd$ hoop1 to ! ends ( :i* a transv]se oval plate has be5 sold]$1 be>s an inscription 9 ,greek lett]s signify+ 8,great is ! "n ( ,s]apis02 ?is r+ is late ,roman1 f a "t :5 ! wor%ip ( ,s]apis 0 wide-spread 9 ! ,roman _w4 ,an octagonal r+ ( solid gold may h be5 d$icat$ to ,apollo1 z x is engrav$ ) ! "n ( ?is div9ity2 ! two sides ( ! octagon flank+ ! c5tral "o be>1 respectively1 engrav+s ( a cresc5t & ( a />4 ,an inscription f\nd 9 ,delos records sev]al r+s d$icat$ to ! ,delian temple by ,/ratonice1 wife ( ,seleucos ,i1 ,nicator 7#cfe-bha ,b4,c474 ,"o ( ^! 0 a gold r+1 set ) a s>d on :i* 0 engrav$ ! image ( ,apollo1 ! temple god2 a gold r+ d$icat$ to bo? ,apollo & ,artemis1 & hav+ ! image ( a ,victory2 & ano!r gold r+1 set ) a /one on :i* 0 engrav$ an inscription signify+ t x 0 d$icat$ by ,que5 ,/ratonice1 daught] ( ,demetrius1 to ! ,artemis ( ,delos4#djb ,9 a li/ ( jewels d$icat$ to ,isis1 engrav$ on ! base ( an anci5t /atue ( t goddess at ,alicante1 ,spa91 f\r r+s are not$4 ,two ( !m _h em]ald sett+s1 :ile ! o!r two1 plac$ on ! little f+] ( ! /atue1 7 set ) diamonds4 ,?is inscription conta9s ! "n ( ! donor1 ,fabia ,fabiana1 & ! /atem5t t ! gift 0 made on behalf ( h] gr&daught] ,avita4 ,! /atue has disappe>$1 b ! inscription /ill calls to m9d ! honor x receiv$ 9 long pa/ "t & ! brilliancy ( ! jewel decoration1 = beside ! r+s1 a pe>l & em]ald e>r+ 0 ins]t$ 9 ei!r e>2 ab\t ! neck 0 a necklace ( f\r r[s ( em]alds & pe>ls2 two circlets compos$ ( elev5 b]yls & two em]alds clasp$ ! ankles1 & two bracelets set ) eight em]alds & eight pe>ls spann$ ! wri/s4#djc ,!re does n appe> to h be5 any 8,rabbi's ,r+0 worn z an insignia ( (fice1 al?\gh _m rabbis own$ & wore engrav$ r+s1 p]haps us+ !m z signets4 ,( ?is class may be an old r+ ref]r$ to ! "t ( ,judah ,hanasi 7#age-bdg ,a4,d471 n[ 9 ! ,alb]t9us ,home 9 ,dresd51 ,saxony4 ,x is set ) an ame?y/ on :i* has be5 engrav$ ! sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick1 "o ( ! adornm5ts ( ! ,temple & figur$ on ! ,ar* ( ,titus1 9 ,rome1 z among ! treasures borne (f by ! victori\s ,romans aft] ! fall ( ,j]usalem 9 #gj ,a4,d4 ,rabbi ,judah b5 ,ezekiel 7#bbj-bii ,a4,d47 _h a r+ %[+ ! figure ( a man's head4 ,! design on a r+ ( ,rabba b> ,rabbi ,huna 7ca4 #cjj ,a4,d47 depict$ a palm1 :ile on a fif? c5tury r+ worn by ano!r ,rabbi ,judah ,hanasi 0 engrav$ ! figure ( a fi%4#djd ,! foll[+ pr9cipal symbolic or typical designs h be5 obs]v$ ^u e>ly ,*ri/ian r+s3#dje ,! lyre1 r>e4 ,a %ip1 d5ot+ ! life-voyage ( ! ,*ri/ian to ! port ( salvation4 ,an an*or1 emblem ( con/ancy & ( hope4 ,a dove1 symbolical ( innoc5ce & typical ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,alpha & ,omega1 ! ,greek *>act]s1 fir/ & la/ ( ! alphabet4 ,symbol ( ,*ri/1 z 9 ,rev4 i1 #h3 8,i am ,alpha & ,omega1 ! beg9n+ & ! end+1 sai? ! ,"l40 ,! ,monogram ( ,*ri/ =m$ ( ! fir/ two ,greek lett]s ( ! "n ,*ri/os1 ! s-call$ ,*risma comb9+ ! ,x 7,*7 & ! ,p 7r74 ,! ,good ,%eph]d1 ) ! lo/ %eep on 8 %\ld]4 ,sc5es f ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,episodes ( ! /ory ( ,jonah1 z ,jesus cit$ ?is /ory :5 speak+ ( ! ,resurrection4 ,daniel 9 ! ,lion's ,d51 a triumph ( fai? :i* mu/ h appeal$ /rongly to ! ,*ri/ians 9 "t ( p]secution1 :5 ^? ( ! fai? 7 (t5 giv5 z prey to wild bea/s4 ,elijah borne to heav51 probably typical ( ! resurrection4 ,orpheus play+ on ! lyre4 ,?is pagan design 0 giv5 a ,*ri/ian mean+1 ma9ly because ( c]ta9 spuri\s ,orphic poems =e%ad[+ ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,fall ( ,adam & ,eve4 ,"h ! mean+ is q obvi\s3 8,z 9 ,adam all di$ s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive10 z ! apo/le ,paul wrote4 ,! ,ark ( ,noah2 ,god's promise to save mank9d4 ,a lion1 evid5tly signify+ ! ,lion ( ! ,tribe ( ,judah1 appli$ to ,*ri/4 ,a lamb1 typical ( ,*ri/ & ( ,*ri/ians4 ,9 ! ,gospel ( ,john1 ii1 #cf1 ,john ! ,bapti/ exclaim$ on see+ ,jesus3 8,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god40 ,a h>e4 ,?is may d5ote ! dang]s :i* s (t5 m5ac$ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 :o _h to be con/antly appreh5sive1 z a h>e is ( ! hunt]s4 ,a phnix2 naturally figur+ ! ,resurrection4 ,a peacock4 ,?is has a simil> mean+1 = ! peacock1 ,juno's bird1 _h be5 us$ by ! ,romans z an emblem ( ! apo!osis ( an empress4 ,a cock1 z awak5] ( grace1 & typical ( ! awak5+ ( mank9d to ! true fai?4 ,a s]p5t4 ,?is may seem /range z a ,*ri/ian symbol1 b x d5otes =esight1 & recalls ! ,gospel monition1 8,be ye wise z s]p5ts & h>mless z doves40 ,a ,*ri/ian gem evid5ces ?is int]pretation1 = on ei!r side ( ! s]p5t is figur$ a dove4 ,! v9e2 sugge/$ by ! words ( ,*ri/3 8,i am ! v9e & ye are ! bran*es40 ,a blade ( :eat4 ,! h>ve/ ( s\ls8 ,! symbolic design ( a %ip trav]s+ ! sea 0 us$ 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian fun]al sculptures1 & also 9 pagan ,rome1 to d5ote ! c\rse ( life4 ,= ! ,*ri/ians ! tempe/-toss$ vessel ( life f\nd its port & re/+ place 9 dea?4 ,?is idea is rudely figur$ 9 a design on a sepul*ral /one1 9 memory ( a c]ta9 ,firmia ,victoria1 f "o ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian cemet]ies ( ,rome4 ,on x appe>s a %ip rid+ ! waves1 & 9 ! backgr\nd a f\r-/ori$ t[] f :i* rises a flame1 ! ligh?\se m>k+ ! f9al port t[>d :i* ! vessel b5ds its c\rse4#djf ,( ! few designs engrav$ ^u ,grco-,roman r+s :i* 7 p]mitt$ to ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 ! dove1 z has be5 not$1 symboliz$ ! ,holy ,_s2 a fi% became a ,*ri/ian symbol because ! ,greek ^w = fi% 7i*?us7 gave ! initial lett]s ( ,iesus ,*ri/os1 ,!\ huios1 ,sot] 7,jesus ,*ri/1 ,! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,savi\r74 ,an an*or1 or ! repres5tation ( a fi%]man1 recalls to m9d ! ,fi%]man's ,r+ ( ! ,roman pontiff4 ,! fi% symbol appe>s on an engrav$ ,gno/ic gem be>+ ! head ( ,*ri/ surr\nd$ ) ! ,greek lett]s ( 8 "n4 ,?is (f]s "o ( ! types curr5t 9 ! ?ird & f\r? ,*ri/ian c5turies4 ,we h ! te/imony ( ,/4 ,augu/9e t ! div]sity ( types 9 8 "t 0 v great1 & t no record rema9$ ( :at ,*ri/'s physical appe>ance really 04#djg ,! olde/ portrait is believ$ to be t on ! ceil+ ( a *apel 9 ! cemet]y ( ,/4 ,calixtus at ,rome1 & ! type pres5t$ "h is t :i* has p]si/$ ess5tially to ! pres5t day4 ,! r+ ( ! ,*ri/ian m>tyr ,saturus 0 a preci\s memorial ( 8 dea? = ! fai?4 ,:5 he _h already receiv$ 8 dea?-bl[1 he took (f 8 r+ & moi/5+ x ) ! blood t 0 fl[+ f 8 w\nd1 h&$ x to ! ,roman soldi]1 ,pudeus1 :o 0 pres5t at 8 dea?1 b 0 a secret conv]t to ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 *>g+ ! soldi] to gu>d x z a h]itage & a rem9d] t true fai? 0 r confirm$ ?an weak5$ by ! m>tyr's dea?4#djh ,a t5d] & beautiful allusion to a religi\s r+ is conta9$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ! life & dea? ( ,/4 ,m>c9a ! ,y\ng] 7ca4 #ccj-cgi ,a4,d471 by h] bro!r ,/4 ,gregory ,nyassa4 ,:51 aft] ! dea? ( ?is pi\s daught] ( ,basil ! ,great1 h] body 0 be+ prep>$ = burial1 !re 0 f\nd1 susp5d$ by a cord f h] neck & re/+ j ov] h] he>t1 an iron r+4 ,on its *aton 0 engrav$ a cross1 & 9 a holl[ space b5ea? 0 secret$ a small fragm5t ( ! ,true ,cross4 ,?is r+ ! bro!r remov$1 decl>+ t x %\ld be 8 preci\s h]itage1 ! m sacr$ t x recall$ ! cross ( ,*ri/1 n only by its engrav$ design1 b /ill m by ! priceless mem5to plac$ b5ea? ?is4#dji ,an antique ivory r+ f\nd at ,arles 9 ,france be>s inscriptions d5ot+ t x _h be5 design$ = use z a ,gno/ic amulet1 & illu/rat+ ! peculi> eclecticism ( ,gno/ic belief4 ,! monogram ( ,*ri/ appe>s "h betwe5 ! two ,greek lett]s & 1 symboliz+ ! beg9n+ & ! end#daj2 add$ to ?is is ! "n ,,abra,,ax 7,abrasax1 ,abraxas71 ! favorite designation ( ! ,creative ,en]gy among ! ,gno/ics4#daa ,a ,*ri/ian talismanic r+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is set ) a r$ jasp] ^u :i* is engrav$1 9 ,greek *>act]s3 ,,ihcoyc ,,oeoy ,,yioc ,,?pe1 8,jesus son ( ,god1 pres]ve 7me740#dab ,to jasp] at all times has be5 accord$ a high rank among talismanic /ones1 m especially to ! gre5 & r$ v>ieties1 ! latt] be+ p>ticul>ly favor$ :]e protection 0 s\ght aga9/ dea? f w\nds or hemorrhage4 ,ori5tal ,*ri/ian r+s include _m unusual types4 ,! ,briti% ,museum has "o ( gold1 ) engrav$ & niello$ ornam5t2 on ! flat octagonal hoop is depict$ ! ,annunciation1 9 ! rigid1 hi]atic /yle ( ,byzant9e art4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ on a high-back$ *air2 be=e h] /&s ! ar*angel ,gabriel4 ,! hoop be>s z inscription ! fir/ words ( ! angel's greet+1 9 ,greek *>act]s 7,luke i1 #bh3 8,hail ?\ t art highly fav\r$1 ! ,"l is ) !e4074 ,?is r+ is believ$ to belong to ! sev5? c5tury ,a4,d41 & is a v *>act]i/ic example ( ! type4#dac ,?ree ,m]ov+ian r+s f\nd 9 ,augu/1 #ahhe1 on ! skeleton f+] ( a woman1 at ,aigusy1 dept4 ,aisne1 (f] pro( t 9 ?is p]iod _m r+s 7 sometimes worn on a s+le f+]4 ,! upp] & l[] are pla9 silv] r+s1 b ! c5tral "o1 ( bronze1 has a circul> bezel on :i* is engrav$ a cross1 )1 at its angles1 ! nails ( ! ,passion4 ,ano!r r+1 f ! same locality1 ) a cross ( simpl] =m engrav$ on ! *aton 0 f\nd atta*$ to a *a94 ,bo? r+ & *a9 are ( bronze1 ! r+1 presumably a signet1 hav+ be5 worn susp5d$ by ! own]1 in/ead ( on ! h&4 ,a silv] r+ f ! same ,fr5* dep>tm5t1 be>s ! ,lat9 inscription ,v ,i ,v ,a ,s1 & 9 six comp>tm5ts ! foll[+ symbolic figures3 a dove hold+ a bran*2 a lamb1 above :i* is a />2 an upright palm2 a /ag2 a fanta/ic animal figure1 & a h>e4 ,^! symbols1 mo/ ( :i* are *>act]i/ically ,*ri/ian1 & ! ,lat9 invocation 8may/ ?\ live10 vivas1 usually foll[$ by ! words 89 ,deo0 79 ,god71 po9t cle>ly to ! religi\s fai? ( ! own] ( ! r+4 ,x is true t ! pres5ce ( a gold solidus ( ,val5t9ian ,,ii 7#cge-cib7 9 ! m\? ( ! deceas$ p]son1 z 8,*>on's toll10 might be ?\ght to indicate t we _h "h to d ) a pagan1 7 x n well kn[n t ?is cu/om 0 ma9ta9$ to "s ext5t aft] ! decisive triumph ( ,*ri/ianity4#dad ,accord+ to ,m]cato a toad/one set 9 a silv] r+ 0 pres]v$ 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,sa9t ,anne 9 ,rome4 ,! popul> belief 0 t ?is r+ _h belong$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & x 0 consid]$ to be a cure = fi/ulas1 if ! /one 7 rubb$ ar\nd !m twelve times4#dae ,! r+ kn[n z ! betro?al r+ ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 n[ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,p]ugia1 has _h a long & ev5tful hi/ory4 ,! foll[+ details are tak5 f a monograph writt5 by ,abbot ,adamo ,rossi4 ,accord+ to ! leg5d1 ?is r+ 0 giv5 by ,m>y to ,/4 ,john1 ! 8belov$ disciple10 & 0 tak5 by him to ,rome 9 #ie ,a4,d4 ,"h x seems to h come into ! possession ( ! ,romans1 & ab\t #bge ,a4,d4 x 0 9 ! h&s ( ,mo/iola1 a c\s9 ( ,m>cus ,aurelius ,claudius1 & a conv]t to ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! reign ( ,aurelian began :at 0 kn[n z ! eigh? p]secution ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & ,mo/iola 0 oblig$ to flee f ,rome4 ,%e s\ght refuge 9 ,clusium1 ! anci5t capital ( ! ,etruscans1 ! ,*uisi ( a lat] "t1 b %e 0 seiz$ by ! ,roman au?orities & di$ a m>tyr's dea?4 ,9 ! eigh? c5tury a *ur* 0 erect$ at ! spot :]e %e 0 buri$ & ! r+ 0 gu>d$ !re9 z a preci\s relic4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ?is r+ 0 transf]r$1 = great] security1 f ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,mo/iola1 :i* lay outside ! city1 to ! ca!dral1 :]e x 0 se51 ,april #ag1 #acee1 by ,emp]or ,*>les ,,iv1 on 8 return f 8 coronation4 ,9 #adbj1 by ord] ( ! bi%op1 ! r+ 0 tak5 to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,francesco4 ,!re 0 a belief t a my/]i\s virtue emanat$ f x :i* act$ miracul\sly ^u ! sight ( ^? :o gaz$ ^u x4 ,le>n+ ( ?is1 ,filippo ,m>ia1 ,duke ( ,milan1 :o suff]$ f a disease ( ! eye1 reque/$1 9 #adde1 t ! r+ might be br\ght to him4 ,al?\gh ,pope ,eug5e ,,iv support$ 8 reque/1 ! hi/orian incl9es to ! belief t no?+ came ( ! matt]1 = ! ,duke became completely bl9d a ye> lat]4 ,among ! ,franciscan fri>s :o _h ! c>e ( ! r+ 0 a c]ta9 8,fra ,v9t]io0 7,w9t]71 call$ 8! ,g]man10 f ! l& ( 8 bir?4 ,possibly because he 0 a =eign]1 he became an object ( dislike1 & ^u ! occurr5ce ( a robb]y ( "s articles ( value1 8 fell[ monks eag]ly seiz$ ^u ! occasion to fix ! guilt ^u ! un=tunate ,w9t]4 ,he 0 ca/ into prison & subject$ to ! mo/ cruel tortures1 b z no av[al c\ld be wrung f him1 he 0 f9ally releas$ & resum$ 8 life 9 ! community4 ,h[ev]1 al?\gh outw>dly calm1 ! cruelties to :i* he _h be5 subject$ burn$ into 8 s\l1 & ar\s$ ?\ghts ( v5geance4 ,he c\ld ?9k ( b "o way to puni% 8 torm5tors effectively1 & t 0 by tak+ away ! preci\s r+4 ,if ?is 7 lo/1 ! ,*iusans w\ld place ! blame ^u its c>eless gu>dians & w\ld p]haps drive !m f ! city4 ,w9t] succe$$ 9 tak+ wax impressions ( ! keys ( ! *amb] :]e ! r+ 0 kept & ( ! case :]e9 x lay4 ,he _h duplicate keys made f ^! impressions1 &1 on ! night ( ,july #bc1 #adgc1 he secur$ possession ( ! r+4 ,( c\rse he 0 no long] safe 9 ,*iusi & he made all ha/e to ,p]ugia1 :]e he det]m9$ to rid himself ( 8 treasure & curry favor ) ! ,p]ugians by conf]r+ x ^u !m4 ,8 (f] 0 accept$ )\t hesitation1 & :5 ! ,*iusans en]getically dem&$ ! return ( ! r+1 ! ,p]ugians refus$ compliance4 ,! matt] 0 br\ght be=e ! ,roman c\rt & 0 ! subject ( prolong$ controv]sy4 ,= a "t x seem$ z ?\gh resort w\ld be _h to arms1 b f9ally1 9 #adhf1 a decision 0 rea*$ to ! effect t ! r+ %\ld rema9 9 ,p]ugia4 ,"h x has be5 pres]v$ ev] s9ce1 & _m wond]ful /ories are told ( its miracul\s virtue4 ,9 seasons ( prolong$ dr\ght & also :5 ! l& 0 delug$ by sup]abundant ra9s1 ! betro?al r+ ( ! ,virg9 0 solemnly borne f ! *apel ( ,/4 ,joseph1 :]e x 0 kept1 to ! high alt>1 & ! result 0 always =tunate4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! cr$ibility ( ! leg5d1 !re c be no "q t ?is r+ is "o ( ! mo/ highly priz$ relics4 ,x is ( *alc$ony1 & its =m seems to indicate t x 0 at "o "t set ) a preci\s /one4 ,on only f\r days 9 ! ye>1 ,m>* #ai1 ! second ,sunday 9 ,july1 ,july #cj1 & ,augu/ #b1 c ?is unique r+ be se5 by ! public4 ,! betro?al r+ ( ! ,virg9 is 9 ! ,capella del ,santo ,anello1 9 ! left aisle ( ! ,ca!dral1 :]e ! celebrat$ pa9t+ by ,p]ug9o1 ! ,spozalizio1 n[ at ,ca5 9 ,norm&y1 0 pres]v$ until #agig1 :5 x 0 tak5 (f by ! ,fr5* invad]s4 ,! ornate tab]naculum 0 execut$ by ! goldsmi? ,ces>9o del ,roscetto 9 #aeai4 ,! esp\sal r+ ( ,/4 ,anne1 "m ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 0 pres]v$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,sylve/]1 at ,rome4 ,x is ( unwr\ght silv]1 ) a cle> cry/al set 9 ! middle1 surr\nd$ by black spots & opaque at ! back1 s t x reflects images1 j z does a mirror4 ,on ! fe/ival ( ! betro?al ( ,/4 ,anne1 ! eyes ( ^? ^: sight 0 weak 7 t\*$ ) ! r+4#daf ,! curative results ( ?is application 7 d\btless all t c\ld be desir$1 m especially z weak sight is (t5 caus$ by n]v\s depression1 or n]v\s d]angem5ts4 ,! body ( ,/4 ,caius1 m>tyr$ 9 #bif ,a4,d41 0 exhum$ f ! ,cemet]y ( ,calixtus1 9 ,rome1 on ! anniv]s>y ( ! sa9t$ pope's bir?1 ,april #ba1 #afbb1 9 ! reign ( ,pope ,gregory ,,xv4 ,)9 ! sepul*re 7 f\nd ?ree co9s ( ,diocletian1 9 ^: reign ,/4 ,caius 7#bhc-bif ,a4,d47 receiv$ ! papal cr[n1 & also ! pope's r+1 probably 8 signet1 al?\gh no exact description ( x has rea*$ u4#dag ,9 ! succe$+ c5tury !re is notice ( ano!r ecclesia/ical signet-r+1 = 9 a lett] ( ,/4 ,augu/9e 7#ced-dcj7 to ,victor9us1 ! ,*ur* ,fa!r concludes ) ! words3 8,i h s5t ?is epi/le seal$ ) a r+ :i* %[s ! pr(ile-head ( a man40#dah ,z 9 ! case ( all ! v e>ly bi%ops' r+s1 ?is "o ( ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 m]ely 8 p]sonal signet & _h no direct connection ) 8 sacr$ (fice4 ,a massive r+ ( ,pope ,pius ,,ii 7,a5eas ,sylvius ,piccolom9i1 #adeg-adfd7 has on ! sides ( ! hoop ! coats-(-arms ( ! ,piccolom9i & ,ti>a families2 bel[ ! bezel are figures symbolical ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s4 ,?is int]e/+ papal r+ is 9 ! collection ( ,dr4 ,alb]t ,figdor1 ,vi5na4#dai ,! 8,fi%]man's ,r+10 or ,annulus ,piscatoris1 is ! gold seal r+ ( ! pope1 a new "o be+ made = ea* successive pontiff4 ,z te/ifi$ to by e>ly records1 ! cu/om ( break+ ! r+ on ! dea? ( a pope has long obta9$4 ,aft] ! att5d+ physicians h pron\nc$ him to be dead1 ! ,c>d9al ,cam]l5go1 or ,papal ,*amb]la91 approa*es ! body1 & taps x ?rice ) a gold5 hamm]1 ea* "t call+ on ! pope by "n4 ,! r+ is !n h&$ by him to ! papal ma/] ( c]emonies1 :o breaks x2 he is p]mitt$1 or p]haps requir$1 to keep ! fragm5ts4 ,! design on ! seal depicts ,/4 ,pet] seat$ 9 a b>k & hold+ a net 9 ea* h&1 ! "n ( ! reign+ pope be+ inscrib$ above4 ,! r+ takes its "n f ! words ( ,*ri/ to ,pet]1 aft] ! latt] made ! miracul\s draught ( fi%es 7,luke1 v1 #aj73 8,f h5ce=? ?\ %alt cat* m540 ,9 ,m>k i1 #ag1 a simil> ann\ncem5t is made to bo? ,simon 7,pet]7 & 8 bro!r ,&rew3 8,come ye aft] me1 & ,i w make y to become fi%]s ( m540 ,illu/ration3 ,,five ,,views ,,( ,,! ,,r+ ,,( ,,pope ,,pius ,,ii 7,,neas ,,sylvius ,,piccolom9i1 #adeg-adfd7 ,on ! sides ( ! hoop are ! coats-(-arms ( ! ,piccolom9i & ,ti>a families1 & bel[ ! bezel are figures symbolical ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 8,r+ ( ! fi%]man0 ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,h& ( 8,judi?0 f picture by ,lucas ,crana*3 ,r+s b5ea? glove-f+]s slit to give !m room ,illu/ration3 ,impression ( ! ,annulus ,piscatoris 7,r+ ( ! ,fi%]man7 ( ,pope ,clem5t ,,viii 7#aeib-afje7 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xl1 p4 #adj ,! r+ is brok5 to prev5t ! seal+ ( any pontifical docum5t dur+ ! vacancy ( ! papal see4 ,:5 ! army ( ! ,fr5* ,republic occupi$ ,rome 9 #agih1 ! ,republican emiss>y ,hall]1 aft] in=m+ ,pius ,,vi t he w\ld be tak5 f ,rome1 dem&$ all 8 papal r+s4 ,aft] surr5d]+ ! o!rs1 ! pope plead$ t he might be all[$ to keep ! ,fi%]man's ,r+1 b z ! ,fr5*man /]nly insi/$ t ?is also mu/ be giv5 up1 ! pope reluctantly yield$4 ,h[ev]1 :5 on exam9ation1 ! r+ 0 f\nd to be ( small value1 x 0 re/or$ to ! pontiff4 ,! e>lie/ exi/+ m5tion ( ! ,fi%]man's ,r+ seems to be 9 a lett] address$ by ,pope ,clem5t ,,iv1 9 #abfe1 to 8 nephew ,pietro ,grossi ( ,/4 ,gilles1 9 :i* he /ates t 9 address+ memb]s ( 8 family he us$ ! ,sigillum ,piscatoris1 ! private seal ( ! popes4#dbj ,x 0 n until ! fifte5? c5tury t ?is orig9ally private seal came to be g5]ally us$ = ! papal ,briefs4 ,an impression ( ! ,fi%]man's ,r+ ( ,clem5t ,,viii made 9 #aeih1 9 ! six? ye> ( ! pope's reign1 is surr\nd$ ) a bit ( twi/$ vellum4 ,a comp>ison ( ?is seal ) ! "o us$ by ,pius ,,ix1 %[s ! modifications ( ! e/abli%$ design due to ! pref]5ces ( ! engrav]s ( successive r+s4 ,! r+ ( ,pius ,,ix 0 ( pla9 gold1 weigh+ ab\t an ounce & a half1 ! design 0 engrav$ on an oval plate4 ,x is said to h be5 made out ( ! gold con/itut+ ! ,fi%]man's ,r+ ( 8 pr$ecessor1 ,gregory ,,xvi4#dba ,x is ?\ght probable t ! cu/om ( break+ ! ,fi%]man's ,r+ on ! demise ( a pope 0 fir/ in/itut$ at ! dea? ( ,leo ,x 9 #aeba4 ,! papal engrav]s are believ$ to h kept a new r+ ready 9 case ( sudd5 ne$1 leav+ a blank space = ! new pope's "n4 ,:5 8 election has be5 confirm$1 ! ,c>d9al ,cam]l5go places ! r+ on 8 h&1 ask+ him at ! same "t by :at "n he elects to be call$4 ,! r+ is !n remov$ & giv5 to ! engrav] = ! addition ( ?is "n4 ,9 lat] times x has be5 kept p]man5tly 9 ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ,c>d9al ,*amb]la91 & has n be5 g5]ally us$ = /amp+ docum5ts1 an iron die ( l design be+ employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,9 at lea/ "o in/ance ?is r+ 0 n de/roy$ at a pope's dea?4 ,:5 ,pius ,,vi expir$ at ,val5ce1 ,aug4 #bi1 #agii1 8 ,fi%]man's ,r+ 0 left unbrok5 &1 ) a new inscription1 s]v$ = 8 successor1 ,pius ,,vii4 ,:5 ?is latt] pope fell into disgrace ) ,napoleon 9 #ahji1 because he refus$ to nullify ! m>riage ( ,j]ome1 ,napoleon's bro!r1 to ,miss ,patt]son1 he 0 c>ri$ (f f ,rome to ,france1 & oblig$ to surr5d] 8 ,annulus ,piscatoris to ,g5]al ,radet4 ,be=e rel9qui%+ x1 h[ev]1 he took ! precaution ( hav+ x cut d[n ! middle4 ,lat] :5 he 0 re/or$ to ! ,roman ,see1 a sub/itute r+ 0 made1 z ! orig9al1 giv5 back by ,l\is ,,xviii aft] ,napoleon's d[nfall1 c\ld no long] be us$ because ( its mutilation4#dbb ,besides ! ,fi%]man's ,r+1 ! popes n[ h two o!rs1 ! papal r+ :i* !y habitually we>1 & ! pontifical r+1 :i* is only assum$ = ! pontifical c]emonies4 ,! pontifical r+ ( ,pius ,,ix 0 wor? m ?an #f1jjj4 ,x is ( gold1 ( rem>kably f9e workman%ip1 & is set ) a magnific5t oblong brilliant4 ,?is r+ c\ld be made small] or l>g] at w1 s t x might s]ve = future popes4#dbc ,by a special privilege ! r+ ord9>ily worn by a pope may be> a cameo1 t usually worn by ,pius ,,ix %[$ an image ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! ,fi%]man's ,r+ is b r>ely worn4 ,:5 aft] a pope's dea?1 ! r+ has be5 brok51 z we h not$1 a *eap facsimile1 or ! brok5 r+1 is sometimes buri$ ) ! pope4#dbd ,( ! ?ree ma9 classes ( ecclesia/ical r+s1 ! pontifical r+ ) its s+le preci\s /one1 worn ov] a glove & exclusively at pontifical c]emonies1 is s l>ge t its /one sett+ cov]s ! fir/ phalanx ( ! f\r? f+] ( ! "r h&1 on :i* x is worn4 ,! 8gemm$ r+10 a m>k ( di/9ction1 may h b "o /one1 or a c5tral /one surr\nd$ by brilliants1 j z ! regulations provide4 ,a ?ird class ( ecclesia/ical r+s are ^? ( pla9 gold1 commonly ) a smoo? *aton2 sometimes1 h[ev]1 ?is may be engrav$ ) armorial be>+s1 s t ! r+ c be us$ z a signet4 ,9 ,rome ^? :o h receiv$ ! degree ( doctor ( div9ity h ! ^w ,,roma engrav$ ^u ! *aton ( ! r+4#dbe ,"o ( ! e>lie/ notices ( a bi%op's r+1 n h[ev] 9 ! /rictly ecclesia/ical s5se1 b ( "o worn by a bi%op1 is giv5 9 a lett] writt5 by ,/4 ,avit1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,vi5ne 7#did-ebe71 to 8 colleague1 ,apoll9>is1 ,bi%op ( ,val5cia 7ca4 #ebj73 8,! r+ y h be5 k9d en\gh to (f] me %\ld be made z foll[s3 ,9 ! middle ( a v ?9 iron hoop1 repres5t+ two dolph9s fac+ ea* o!r1 a d\ble seal %\ld be set by means ( two pivots1 s t ei!r side may be %[n or hidd5 at w & 9 turn1 & (f]1 alt]nately1 to ! eyes a gre5 /one or a pale electrum4 ,let n ?is metal be z ,i h sometimes se5 x1 easily t>ni%$ 9 ! cleane/ h&s1 & simil> to ! impure mixture ( gold t has n be5 expos$ to ! fire2 let x n resemble ! alloy :i* =m]ly ! k+ ( ! ,go?s introduc$ into 8 co9age1 an emblem ( 8 d[nfall4 ,let my electrum be ( a m$ium color1 hav+ at once ! tawny hue ( gold & ! :it5ess ( silv]1 preci\s by _! union & enhanc+ ! brilliant gre5 ( ! em]ald :5 x appe>s4 ,let my monogram be engrav$ on ! seal surr\nd$ by my "n1 s t x may be read4 ,opposite ! sett+1 ! middle ( ! r+ %all be =m$ by ! tails ( ! dolph9s2 to set betwe5 ^! an oblong /one %all be s\ght1 po9t$ at ! extremities40#dbf ,x w be not$ t ?is 0 n a gold r+1 b an iron "o1 & ?us ess5tially diff]5t f ! recogniz$ episcopal r+s4 ,! olde/ =mula us$ at ! conf]r+ ( ! pontifical r+ ^u a bi%op1 is f\nd 9 ! ,sacram5tal ( ,/4 ,gregory1 #eij ,a4,d4 &1 translat$ into ,engli%1 runs z foll[s3 8,receive ?is r+ ( di/9ction & honor1 a symbol ( fai?1 t ?\ may/ seal :at is to be seal$1 & reveal :at is to be reveal$1 & t to believ]s baptiz$ into ! fai?1 :o h fall5 b are p5it5t1 ?\ may/ by ! my/]y ( reconciliation op5 ! gates ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav540 ,a mu* %ort] =mula is t 9 ! ,pontifical ( ,ecgb]ht1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,york2 x reads3 8,receive ! r+ ( ! pontifical honor t ?\ may/ be end[$ ) s\nd fai?40 ,at pres5t ! foll[+ simple =mula is us$3 8,receive ! r+ ( fai? z a sign t ?\ wilt gu>d ! ,bride ( ,god1 ,holy ,*ur*1 ) undaunt$ fai?40 ,a v e>ly m5tion ( ! true episcopal r+s is to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,isidore1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,seville f #fja to #fcf ,a4,d4#dbg ,he def9itely /ates t ! r+ 0 "o ( ! canonical insignia ( ! episcopate & t]ms x 8a sign ( pontifical honor1 or a seal ( secrets10 add+ t prie/s mu/ keep _m secrets confid$ to !m hidd5 9 _! brea/s z ?\gh b5ea? a seal4#dbh ,at ab\t ! same "t a decree ( ,pope ,boniface ,,iv1 promulgat$ 9 ! ?ird c\ncil ( ,rome1 9 #faj1 m5tions a pontifical r+1 & 9 ! f\r? c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 9 ,decemb]1 #fcc1 a canon treat+ ( ! re/itution to 8 (fice ( an unju/ly depos$ bi%op1 directs t he be giv5 anew 8 /ole1 8 r+1 & 8 pa/oral /aff4#dbi ,! liturgical kiss+ ( a bi%op's h& usually means a kiss impress$ ^u ! r+ he is we>+ at ! c]emony4 ,t 9 ! works ( ,rabanus ,maurus1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,ma9z 7#ghf-hef71 & 9 ^? ( o!rs ( 8 "t1 no m5tion is made ( episcopal r+s ( inve/iture1 _c be tak5 to prove t none 7 worn 9 ?is p]iod1 b only t !y 7 n yet 9 g5]al use4#dcj ,! di/9ct evid5ce conta9$ 9 ! canon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 ov] :i* ,isidore ( ,seville presid$ 9 #fcc1 & ! /ill e>li] =mula ( inve/iture 9 ! ,sacram5tal ( ,gregory1 #eij ,a4,d41 mu/ be accept$ z conclusive evid5ce t su* r+s 7 conf]r$4 ,until aft] ! elev5? c5tury1 almo/ all ! ,episcopal r+s 7 us$ z signets & ! ,sacram5tal ( ,/4 ,gregory alludes to ?is use4 ,! r+ 0 g5]ally worn on ! index f+] ( ! "r h&1 ! middle ( ! ?ree f+]s uplift$ 9 conf]r+ a bless+2 b1 :5 celebrat+ mass1 ! bi%op transf]r$ x f ! index f+] to ! annul>4 ,at ! pres5t day x is always worn on ?is latt] f+]4 ,! removal ( ! r+ f ! index is expla9$ by ,g>anti1#dca z be+ an act ( humility1 s9ce ! r+ 0 reg>d$ z a k9d ( cr[n ^u ! index1 8= sages say t ! r+ is ! cr[n ( ! h&10 & ?is cr[n %\ld be remov$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,9 our day bi%ops we> b "o r+1 b 9 old pictures & effigies !y are %[n we>+ sev]al1 & sometimes ev5 a ?umb r+4 ,! celebrat$ portrait ( ,leo ,x1 by ,raphael1 repres5ts ! pope we>+ no less ?an six r+s1 & ! h&s ( ,julius ,,ii 9 ,raphael's portrait are adorn$ ) r+s ( equal numb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,pope ,,clem5t ,,ix 7#affg-afgj7 ,,by ,,c>lo ,,m>atta ,r+ ) squ>e-cut1 bevel$ /one on f\r? f+] ( "r h& ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york4 ,gift ( ,ar*] ,m4 ,hunt+ton1 ,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,pope ,,julius ,,ii 7#aejc-aeac7 ,,by ,,rafael ,six r+s1 ?ree on ea* h&2 on index1 f\r? & little f+]s ,uffizi ,palace4 ,flor5ce4 ,:ile ! sapphire ev5tually became ! /one especially assign$ = use 9 episcopal r+s1 ! old] specim5s :i* h be5 pres]v$ = u %[ t1 9 e>ly times1 _m o!r preci\s /ones 7 employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,inde$1 ! em]ald1 or "s gre5 /one1 seems to h be5 giv5 ! pref]5ce at "o "t1 if we c judge f ! lett] s5t by ,avitus1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,vi5ne to ,apoll9>is1 ,bi%op ( ,val5cia4 ,besides rubies & em]alds1 balas-rubies1 turquoises1 *alc$onies & ev5 ! opal 7 us$1 :ile pe>ls & g>nets1 also appe> occasionally4 ,possibly ! e>lie/ kn[n specim5 ( an episcopal r+ is 9 ! treasury ( ! ca!dral ( ,metz4 ,x is believ$ to h belong$ to ,arnulphus1 :o 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ,metz 9 #fad4 ,?is r+1 :i* has be5 sometimes ascrib$ to ! f\r? c5tury1 is set ) an opaque milk-:ite c>nelian4 ,an episcopal r+ f\nd at ,ox=d & n[ 9 ! ,wat]ton ,collection1 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 is a curi\s specim5 ( ! adaptation ( antique gems to ,*ri/ian uses4 ,! gold circlet is set ) an antique plasma engrav$ ) ! bu/ ( a female1 ! pagan orig9al do+ duty = "s ,*ri/ian sa9t1 or p]haps = ! ,virg9 ,m>y4#dcb ,an intaglio ( ,jupit]-,s]apis 0 provid$ by ! monks ( ,durham ) an inscription designat+ x to be a portrait ( ,/4 ,oswald4 ,cameos 7 also us$1 on occasion1 z we read 9 ! enum]ation ( ! preci\s /ones & r+s donat$ by ,h5ry ,,iii to ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,edw>d 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1#dcc ! foll[+ entry3 8j *amah 9 uno annulo pontificali40 ,occasionally a /one 0 tak5 f "s antique ornam5t & set 9 an episcopal r+4 ,( ?is k9d is ! pi]c$ sapphire 9 ,mr4 ,wat]ton's collection1 & probably ano!r r+ describ$ 9 ! ,w>drobe ,books ( ,edw>d ,i & :i* belong$ to ,rob]t1 ,bi%op ( ,cov5try & ,li*field1 :o di$ 9 #abie4 ,! old description calls ?is 8a gold5 r+ ) a p]=at$ ruby40#dcd ,! same records m5tion a gold r+ ) a sapphire1 ! ornam5t be+1 z 0 suppos$1 ! "w ( ,/4 ,dun/an1 :o is reput$ to h be5 a skilful work] 9 metals4 ,a lett] writt5 9 #hfg by ,*>les ! ,bald to ,pope ,ni*olas ,i1 m5tions a r+ s5t to ,ebbo1 ,bi%op ( ,rheims1 by ,judi?1 ! "m ( ,*>les ! ,bald4 ,?is r+ 0 giv5 by ! empress at ! "t ( ! bir? ( h] son1 s t ,ebbo1 :o _h be5 made bi%op because ( 8 piety & sanctity1 %\ld rememb] ! *ild 9 8 pray]s4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 :5ev] ! good bi%op 0 9 tr\ble1 he us$ to s5d 8 r+ to ! empress ) an humble petition = aid1 & ! lett] ( ,emp]or ,*>les 0 writt5 z a result ( a mo/ e>ne/ appeal ( ,bi%op ,ebbo1 aft] he _h be5 depos$ f 8 (fice & subject$ to p]secution4#dce ,illu/ration3 ,*ri/ian r+ ( glass4 ,design %[s snake & doves1 a cross1 ! ,greek lett]s alpha & omega & ! ,lat9 ^w ,salus4 ,bosio4 8,roma ,sott]ranea10 ,roma1 #afej ,illu/ration3 #a1 ,v5etian r+4 ,bezel ) engrav$ figure ( ,/4 ,m>k is holl[$ to enclose relics4 #b1 poison r+ set ) a diamond & two rubies4 ,! poison 0 conceal$ b5ea? ! bezel4 ,see pages #cf-ci ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ ( ,ahl/an1 ,bi%op ( ,%]borne 7#hbd-hfj ,a4,d47 ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 xx1 p4 #bbf1 #ahfc ,illu/ration3 ,bi%op's r+ ( inve/iture4 ,bezel set ) flat cry/al2 two views4 ,said to h belong$ to ,rob]t ( ,anj\1 ,k+ ( ,naples 7#acji-acdc ,a4,d47 ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,lady's memorial r+ ( enamel$ gold inscrib$ 8,r4 ,c4 ,n lo/ b gone be=e10 9 gilt lett]s on a :ite enamel gr\nd4 ,engli%1 ab\t #ahjj ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,m\rn+ r+ ( gold4 ,! head has ! =m ( a c(f9 ) skull & cross-bones on ! lid4 ,:5 ?is is lift$ a he>t is disclos$ )94 ,! hoop has two wires4 ,on ! sides ( ! c(f9 is inscrib$3 8,hi] i/ die ,ruhe0 7,"h is re/74 ,g]man4 ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,massive silv] m\rn+ r+ inscrib$ 9 ,old ,fr5*1 dort c\at 7re/ 9 peace74 ,f\nd at ,huy ne> ,/atte1 ,belgium4 ,fr5*4 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,x is said t only "o episcopal r+ f ,anglo-,saxon times has be5 pres]v$ 9 ,engl&4 ,?is relic =ms "p ( ! ,wat]ton ,collection 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum2 x is ( gold1 niello$1 & %[s ! lett]s ( ! "n ,ahl/an4 ,?is "n 0 borne by a ,bi%op ( ,%]borne :o held ! (fice f #hbd to #hfg ,a4,d41 8 dea? occurr+ f\r ye>s be=e ! accession ( ,alfr$ ! ,great4#dcf ,niello is a mixture ( silv]1 copp]1 lead1 crude sulphur1 & borax2 frequ5tly a little antimony is add$4 ,! mixture is fus$ & press$ into ! design engrav$ ^u a silv] plate2 :5 x has cool$ (f x =ms a deep black1 brilliant1 & t\gh1 ?\gh n h>d1 sub/ance1 l an enamel4 ,! antimony on cool+1 spreads slightly1 ?us obviat+ any dang] ( undue contraction ( ! alloy1 :i* might fail to fill out ! design exactly2 occasionally1 h[ev]1 ! antimony exp&s unequally1 produc+ "s slight irregul>ities ( outl9e or surface4 ,sometimes ! alloy is appli$ to ! silv] backgr\nd ( ! design1 in/ead ( to ! design itself1 s t ! latt] appe>s :ite aga9/ a ri* d>k f\ndation4 ,?is v>iety ( enamell+ 0 already us$ 9 ,roman times2 9 our day x is mo/ ext5sively employ$ 9 ,russia1 :]e v beautiful "w ( ! k9d is done1 ! l9es be+ ( hair-l f95ess & delicacy4 ,9 #hhf1 at ! degradation ( two bi%ops :o _h be5 consecrat$ )\t ! cons5t ( _! metropolitan1 _! episcopal ve/m5ts 7 r5t1 _! crozi]s brok5 on _! heads1 & _! episcopal r+s rudely snat*$ f _! f+]s4 ,"h1 z 9 cases ( milit>y degradation1 ! ignom9i\s removal ( ! insignia ( rank s]v$ to give public emphasis to ! s5t5ce pass$ ^u ! condemn$4#dcg ,! ,ca!dral ( ,*i*e/] has yield$ a numb] ( f9e specim5s ( m$ival episcopal r+s4 ,notable among ^! z a curiosity is "o t belong$ to ,bi%op ,seffrid :o di$ 9 #aaea1 = x is set ) a ,gno/ic gem %[+ ! well-kn[n cock-head$ figure g5]ally cut to repres5t ! div9e pr9ciple ! ,gno/ics call$ ,abrasax 7or ,abraxas74 ,?is is an intaglio on jasp]1 & ! r+ 0 f\nd 9 ! bi%op's tomb4 ,! fact t he 0 will+ to we> x %[s ei!r t he 0 ignorant ( its be+ a ,gno/ic1 & h5ce an h]etical design1 or else t he 0 m ?an usually tol]ant4 ,ano!r ( ! ,*i*e/] r+s came f ! tomb ( ,bi%op ,hil>y 7#aadf-aafi72 x is ( massive gold & is set ) a sapphire4 ,:5 ! tomb 0 op5$ ! r+ 0 on ! ?umb ( ! skeleton4 ,9 a /one c(f9 on :i* 7 cut ! lett]s ,episcopus1 ) no p]sonal "n1 !re 0 f\nd a r+ adorn$ ) an octagonal sapphire1 on f\r sides ( :i* 0 set a small em]ald4 ,z ! s>cophagus conta9$ a pa/oral /aff & rema9s ( a ve/m5t1 ?is 0 und\bt$ly an episcopal r+4 ,x w h be5 rem>k$ t ( ^! r+s two 7 set ) sapphires1 b ! r+ ( ,ar*bi%op ,sewall 7d4 #abeh71 f\nd 9 8 tomb 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,york1 & t f ! tomb ( ,ar*bi%op ,gre5field 7d4 #acae71 7 ea* set ) a ruby4#dch ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+ ) inscription4 8,bur$ru?0 is probably a p]sonal "n1 & ! ,greek *>act]s alpha & omega %\ld h a religi\s significance4 ,late ,saxon ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,episcopal r+s4 #a1 f\nd 9 ,york ,m9/]1 tomb ( ,ar*bi%op ,sewall 7d4 #abef72 #b1 f\nd 9 tomb ( ,ar*bi%op ,gre5field 7d4 #acae7 ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 ,papal r+ set ) l>ge cry/al1 ,londesbor\gh ,collection2 #b1 r+ ( ,bi%op ,/anbury ( ,h]e=d 7#adeb-adgd74 ,f\nd 9 8 tomb1 #ahdc2 two views ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 silv] r+1 two clasp$ h&s2 inscription signifies ,jesus ,naz>5us ,rex4 #b & #c1 ros>y r+s1 ) bosses us$ to c\nt ! pray]s recit$ ,londesbor\gh ,collection4 ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 gold r+ set ) ,gno/ic intaglio on jasp]4 ,f\nd 9 tomb ( ,seffrid1 ,bi%op ( ,*i*e/] 7#aabe-aaea72 ?ree views4 #b1 gold r+ set ) a sapphire4 ,f\nd 9 tomb ( ,hil>y1 ,bi%op ( ,*i*e/] 7#aadf-aafi72 two views4 #c1 gold r+ set ) a sapphire & f\r em]alds4 ,f\nd 9 tomb ( unkn[n bi%op ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 xx4 pl4 opp4 p4 #bce2 #ahfc ,! my/ic significance ( ! episcopal r+ z typify+ ! union ( ,*ri/ ) 8 ,*ur* 0 express$ by ,innoc5t ,,iii 7#aaih-abaf7 9 ^! words3 8,! r+ is a sacram5t ( fai?1 by :i* ,*ri/ end[s 8 sp\se ! ,holy ,*ur*40#dci ,?is c be tak5 z confirmatory ( ! !ory t ! episcopal r+s 7 directly d]iv$ f ! betro?al r+s1 & 7 n m]ely attributes ( ecclesia/ical rank4 ,s closely 0 ! ,bi%op b\nd to 8 see1 t 8 ab&onm5t ( x to g to ano!r 0 reg>d$ by "s z equival5t to ! commission ( adult]y4 ,a f9e example ( a sapphire-set episcopal r+ 0 f\nd 9 #ahdd1 dur+ "s alt]ations to ! *apel ( ,notre ,dame 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,troyes4 ,sev]al /one c(f9s 7 discov]$1 among !m t conta9+ ! rema9s ( ,h]ve1 ,bi%op ( ,troyes1 consecrat$ 9 #abjf4 ,! body 0 clo!d 9 full episcopal ve/m5ts4 ,! r+ _h fall5 f ! h& b 0 f\nd at ! left side ( ! body4 ,x _h a diamet] ( #b cm4 7ab\t in*7 & 0 set ) a f9e oblong sapphire held 9 place by f\r claws4#ddj ,! op5+ ( ! tomb ( ,pope ,boniface ,,viii 7#abid-acjc7 reveal$ ! pres5ce1 on ! glov$ h& ( ! dead pope1 ( a spl5did gold r+1 set ) a sapphire ( q exceptional size & beauty4#dda ,9 #ahjd1 at ! op5+ ( a ?irte5?-c5tury ar*bi%op's sepul*re 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,ma9z1 believ$ to be t ( ,ar*bi%op ,sigfroi ,,iii1 #abdi1 a f9e pontifical r+ 0 f\nd2 x is set ) a l>ge ruby4#ddb ,! bezel is ( disproportionate size 9 comp>ison ) ! dim5sions ( ! r sl5d] circlet4#ddc ,?is r+ is l>ge en\gh to be worn ov] a glove 9 accord ) liturgical requirem5ts4 ,x has be5 not$ t 9 process ( "t ! wid? & ?ickness ( ! circlet 7 gradually increas$1 at fir/ to make x h>monize bett] ) a l>ge bezel2 gradually1 h[ev]1 bo? bezel & hoop 7 made s l>ge z to r5d] ! r+ a burd5 to ! we>]1 & ev5 difficult to keep f slipp+ (f ! f+]4 ,inde$1 x 0 sometimes necess>y to we> a second1 clos]-fitt+ r+ "u x z a gu>d4#ddd ,! treasury ( ,cant]bury ,ca!dral conta9$ 9 #acae1 accord+ to an inv5tory ( ! 8,ornam5ta ,ecclesia/ica10 a v ri* & elaborate pontifical r+4 ,x is describ$ z a l>ge squ>e r+1 set ) an oblong em]ald1 f\r plasmas 7leek-gre5 qu>tz71 & f\r g>nets4 ,! o!r episcopal r+s li/$ on ?is inv5tory 7 set ) sapphires bord]$ ) small gems1 "o ( !m hav+ a 8black sapphire0 set j\r1 & held 9 place by claws4 ,:ile at ?is p]iod great latitude 0 ex]cis$ reg>d+ ! p>ticul> /one to be *os5 = ! *ief adornm5t ( ! r+1 x 0 requir$ t x %\ld be "o ( ! m preci\s /ones4#dde ,! color ( ! /ones *os5 = ! adornm5t ( episcopal r+s always _h a symbolical significance4 ,! gl[+ r$ ( ! ruby indicat$ glory1 ! cle> blue ( ! sapphire1 *a/ity & happ9ess1 ! pure :ite ( ! rock-cry/al1 guilelessness1 :ile ! hue ( ! ame?y/ call$ to m9d ! color ( ! w9e us$ 9 ! ,holy ,eu*>i/4 ,! em]ald1 z is well kn[n1 signifi$ by its gre5 color ! virtue ( hope & also ! ,resurrection4 ,! g5]al rule1 express$ or und]/ood1 t a sapphire %\ld be set 9 an episcopal r+1 seems to h be5 m commonly obs]v$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! e>li] c5turies ?an x 0 on ! ,cont95t4 ,und\bt$ly _m ( ^! /ones 7 obta9$ at ! "t ( ! ,crusades4 ,z ,engli% examples1 ,mr4 ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton cites ! r+s ( ?ree e>ly bi%ops1#ddf namely1 ^? ( ,flamb>d 7#ajii-aabh71 ,ge(frey ,rufus 7#aacc-dj7 & ,william de ,/4 ,b>b>a 7#aadc-eb71 n[ 9 ! ,durham ,*apt] ,libr>y2 all h sapphires4 ,! same /one s]ves z sett+ = ! r+ ( ,william ( ,wykeham1 a massive pla9 gold hoop1 exhibit$ by ! ,dean ( ,w9*e/] at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahfb1 to :i* ! ca!dral also contribut$ a ?irte5?-c5tury episcopal r+ set ) a l>ge sapphire cut en cabo*on4#ddg ,!re is z well ! r+ ( ,william ,wytlesey1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury 7d4 #acgd7 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,ar?ur ,evans & t ( ,john ,/anb]y1 ,bi%op ( ,h]e=d 7d4 #adgd74 ,! inv5tory ( #bh ,edw>d ,i li/s sapphire-set r+s ( ! ar*bi%ops ( ,dubl9 & ,york z well z ( ! bi%ops ( ,salisbury & ,/4 ,asaph4 ,! rebel ,pi]s ,gave/on1 favorite ( ,edw>d ,,ii1 c>ri$ (f ) him1 among o!r royal jewels1 sapphire r+s t _h belong$ to ! ,bi%op ( ,ba? & ,wells & to ! ,abbot ( ,ab+don4 ,9 ! inv5tory ( ,elizabe?'s favorite ecclesia/ic1 ,ar*bi%op ,p>k] ( ,cant]bury1 is li/$ 8a r+e ) a blewe sapphire10 valu$ at f\r p\nds /]l+4 ,old records %[ t ev5 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! sapphire1 al?\gh greatly favor$ = prelates' r+s1 did n yet enjoy any exclusive pref]5ce4 ,= example1 dur+ ! reigns ( ,clem5t ,v1 & ,john ,,xxii1 9 ,avignon 7#acjg-accd71 ! papal regi/]s = #acag note1 9 "o case1 8sev5 gold r+s ) v>i\s /ones = new c>d9als1 #fh gold flor9s40 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is foll[$ by ano!r entry record+ 8f\r gold r+s ) ,ori5tal sapphires = ! consecration ( prelates1 #bf gold flor9s10 & aga9 8a gold r+ ) an ,ori5tal sapphire = ,c>d9al ,a1 #bc flor9s40 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 9 #acbj1 we h 8sev5 r+s = ! sev5 new c>d9als1 ?ree set ) ,ori5tal sapphires1 ?ree o!rs ) ,ori5tal em]alds1 & "o ) a balas-ruby1 ! total co/ be+ #ajf gold flor9s40#ddh ,t ! topaz at "o "t %>$ ) ! sapphire ! honor ( be+ especially fitt$ = use 9 ecclesia/ical r+s is %[n by a passage 9 a r>e f\rte5?-c5tury manuscript writt5 9 ,italy4 ,"h we are in=m$ t ! topaz 0 ! mo/ honorable ( /ones 8above all o!r /ones10 & t = ?is reason ! great prelates wore x on _! f+]s4#ddi ,! gre5 v>iety ( t\rmal9e f\nd 9 ,brazil1 & (t5 call$ 8,brazilian em]ald10 0 = a long "t & is n[ us$ q freely 9 ,brazil z a sett+ ( episcopal r+s4#dej ,:ile ?is is a dep>ture f ! g5]al usage ( select+ a blue /one1 pref]ably sapphire1 = ?is purpose1 x nev]!less f9ds a p>allel 9 ! employm5t ( em]alds = bi%ops' r+s 9 q anci5t times1 z is ! case ) "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! r+s1 t describ$1 or we %\ld r say propos$1 9 ! lett] ( ,/4 ,avitus1 ,bi%op ( ,vi5ne 9 ,france4 ,:5 a prelate has be5 rais$ to ! rank ( c>d9al1 he has to resign any r+ he may h be5 entitl$ to we> previ\sly1 & awaits ! be/[al ( ! special c>d9al's r+ by ! pope4 ,x is conf]r$ by ! pope p]sonally at ! consi/ory :]e9 he assigns a title to ! newly-*os5 c>d9al4 ,?is r+ is made by a pontifical jewell]2 x is ( gold1 ) a sapphire 9 ! bezel &1 on ! inside1 ! arms ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,)al x is r inexp5sive1 ! av]age co/ hav+ be5 put at ab\t #cb1 al?\gh ea* c>d9al is oblig$ to pay into ! ,congregation ( ! ,propag&a ! sum ( #fdb 7#c1baj francs7 z a 8r+ tax40 ,?is paym5t1 h[ev]1 gives him ! valuable "r ( bequea?+ 8 prop]ty z he pleases by te/am5t2 o!rwise ev]y?+ w\ld g to ! ,*ur*4#dea ,z 9 _m portraits ( c>d9als & high *ur* dignit>ies !y are depict$ z we>+ two or m r+s1 x has be5 errone\sly conjectur$ t ea* r+ repres5t$ a sep>ate b5efice1 !re be+ ?us z _m r+s z b5efices4 ,! c]emonial regulations1 h[ev]1 cle>ly indicate t ! we>+ ( _m r+s is simply a matt] ( ta/e1 all except t on ! annul> f+] ( ! "r h& be+ purely ornam5tal4#deb ,a r+ on ! f\r? f+] ( ! "r h& is %[n 9 ,c>lo ,m>atta's portrait ( ,pope ,clem5t ,,ix 7#affg-afgj71 giv5 to ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york1 by ,ar*] ,m4 ,hunt+ton1 ,esq41 9 #ahia4 ,! r+ be>s no design1 ! sett+ be+ a l>ge1 squ>e1 bevel$ /one4 ,! be>d & mu/a*e ( ! pontiff are ( ! type famili> to u 9 portraits ( ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 :o di$ 9 #afdb4 ,a spl5did example ( ! c>d9al's r+ 0 rec5tly made = ,c>d9al ,f>ley4 ,x is set ) an exceptionally l>ge & f9e sapphire1 ( r\nd$ oval =m & an in* 9 l5g?2 ! color is ri* & deep2 ! /one weighs #ah c>ats & is a ,c+halese sapphire4 ,a bord]+ consi/+ ( tw5ty-eight diamonds surr\nds ! c5tral /one & s]ves to r5d] m /rik+ly beautiful ! ri* blue ( ! sapphire1 (t5 call$ ! 8c>d9al's /one0 because x is ! "o us$ = c>d9al's r+s4 ,?is is notewor?y1 z r$ is pre-em95tly ! c>d9al's color1 z is %[n 9 8 robes1 hat1 etc42 h5ce we might r expect t ! ruddy ruby w\ld h ! pref]5ce4 ,h[ev]1 ! fact t ! sapphire d5otes *a/ity & cele/ial purity has caus$ ?is /one to be *os5 = ! adornm5t ( ! r+s worn by ^? :o1 f _! exalt$ ecclesia/ical rank1 are m especially call$ ^u to set a high example to ! prie/hood4 ,! %ank ( ,c>d9al ,f>ley's r+ is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful examples ( ,am]ican goldsmi?+ 9 exi/5ce4 ,! *as+ ( ! circlet %[s on "o side ! ample facade & ! l(ty spires ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,ca!dral 9 ,new ,york1 & on ! o!r side emblems ( ! c>d9alate4 ,x 0 ! gift ( a prie/ :o has kn[n ! ,c>d9al = _m ye>s4#dec ,:5 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,david ,h4 ,gre] 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ,new ,york1 "s ( 8 fri5ds pres5t$ him ) a v h&some ame?y/ signet1 b un=tunately ?is tribute 0 /ol5 f 8 home by burgl>s1 two or ?ree ye>s ago4 ,:5 necessity arises ( mak+ an (ficial signature he uses a /eel impression /amp ( ! seal ( ! diocese4 ,he has a facsimile impression /amp ( ! seal :i* 0 /ol51 b he seldom or nev] uses ?is4#ded ,! ame?y/ seal ( ,bi%op ,gre] bore = its motto1 8,crux ,mihi ,grata ,quies0 7,! ,cross is = me a grateful re/74 ,?is is ! motto ( ,mrs4 ,gre]'s family4 ,on ! %ield is ! monogram ( ! bi%op's initials1 ,d4 ,h4 ,g42 above are two keys 9 saltire2 on ! l[] "p ( ! %ield j b5ea? ! monogram1 is ! coat-(-arms ( ,new ,am/]dam2 z cre/ is an episcopal mitre4 ,?is 0 n1 h[ev]1 a seal r+4 ,! s-call$ 8mitr$ abbots01 ^? :o gov]n$ ! l>g] mona/]ies1 or ^: notable s]vices 9 ! cause ( ! ,*ur* 7 ?\ght to m]it "s special m>k ( honor1 7 sometimes giv5 ! "r ( we>+ ! episcopal r+ at solemn c]emonies4 ,we are told t at ! deposition ( ,abbot ,ra9aldus1 head ( ! great ,b5$ict9e ,abbey ( ,monte ,cas9o1 n f> f ,naples1 he publicly laid 8 /aff & 8 r+ ^u ! %r9e conta9+ ! body ( ,/4 ,b5$ict4#dee ,! en]gy ) :i* "s ( ! lead+ !ologians ( ! twelf? c5tury prote/$ aga9/ ! use ( episcopal r+s by abbots1 m]its illu/ration by an extract f ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 :o 9 a tractate address$ to ,h5ri1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,s5s1 writes3#def 8,sev]al h cle>ly en\gh indicat$ :]e 7 _! ?\ghts :51 hav+ obta9$ apo/olic privileges by _m intrigues & by brib]y1 !y appropriat$ to !mselves & use1 9 virtue ( ^! concessions1 ! mitre1 ! r+ & ! s&als1 j z d ! pontiffs !mselves4444 ,oh1 ,monks1 :i!r w ?is lead y8 ,h y bani%$ all fe> f y\r s\ls8 ,c ! blu% ( %ame no long] rise to y\r *eeks80 ,illu/ration3 ,,abbess ,,pray+4 ,,fr5* ,,s*ool ,seal r+ on index ( "r h&2 r+ ) preci\s /one sett+ on f\r? f+] ( ! same h& ,muse du ,l\vre ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady1 ,,by ,,con9xbo ,two r+s on index ( "r h& & two on index ( left h&2 small] "o on f\r? f+] ( left h& ,muse de ,bruxelles ,n only abbots1 b abbesses also1 are repres5t$ on _! monum5ts z we>+ r+s1 z = example ,agnes ,jordan1 ,abbess ( ! ,bridget9e ,conv5t ( ,syon1 ^: brass figure at ,d5ham1 ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,engl&1#deg %[s a r+ on h] f+]4 ,h[ev]1 9 #aegb1 ! ye> ( 8 accession to ! papal ?rone1 ,gregory ,,xiii aboli%$ ?is cu/om2 h[ long x _h endur$ has n be5 det]m9$4#deh ,c]ta9 o!r prelates ( less] rank ?an bi%ops h ! "r to we> r+s1 su* z ! protonot>ies1 = example1 b z a rule !y are n p]mitt$ to we> !m :ile celebrat+ an ord9>y mass1 l[ or high2 only :5 (ficiat+ pontifically may !y we> pontifical r+s4 ,! r+ commonly worn is mu* small] ?an t accord$ to a bi%op & is set ) a s+le /one1 z is expressly orda9$ 9 ! con/itution ,apo/olic ,s$is ( ,pius ,,ix1 dat$ 9 #ahgb4dei ,t ! canons ( a ca!dral %\ld g5]ally be all[$ to we> r+s has be5 repeat$ly decid$ adv]sely 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 a rec5t in/ance be+ :5 ! ,bi%op ( ,nic>agua submitt$ ?is "q to ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites 9 ,rome1 because ! practice _h become common 9 ,nic>agua4 ,9 reply he 0 in=m$ t ?is mu/ n be tol]at$1 except 9 case ( a special indulg5ce f ! pope1 & ! bi%op 0 requir$ to suppress ! abuse4 ,! reply 0 dat$ ,augu/ #bj1 #ahgj1 j a mon? be=e ! entry ( ! ,italian army into ,rome & ! cessation ( ! papal rule ov] ! city4#dfj ,9 a lett] writt5 ,decemb]1 #agea1 ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xiv relates ! f9d+ ( a gold r+ s small t x w\ld fit ! f+] ( a ?ree-mon?s' old babe1 & be>+ c]ta9 *>act]s indicat+ a prie/ly quality ( ! infant4 ,?is ! pope und]/ood n z signify+ t x _h be5 made a deacon1 b t its p>5ts _h consecrat$ x to ! s]vice ( ! *ur*1 s t x %\ld lat] become a monk or prie/4#dfa ,8 ,grace1 ! ,mo/ ,rev]5d ,ar*bi%op ,evdokim1 ! highe/ dignit>y ( ! ,russian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has /at$ t nei!r ! ,metropolitan1 nor ! ,ar*bi%ops nor cl]gy ( ! ,russian ,*ur* we> r+s ( any k9d4 ,!y use seals b ^! are n 9 ! =m ( signets4 ,9 ?is respect1 ! usage diff]s f t 9 _m o!r *ur*es4 ,! r+ giv5 to ! ,k+ ( ,engl& at 8 coronation be>s a close relation%ip to ! episcopal r+1 & emphasizes ! religi\s au?ority ( ! sov]eign4 ,?is appe>s v cle>ly 9 ! ,engli% c]emonial1 :]e ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury pron\nces ! foll[+ pray] ( consecration3 ,bless1 ,o ,"l1 & sanctify ?is ,r+1 t ,?y s]vant1 we>+ x1 may be seal$ ) ! r+ ( fai?1 & by ! p[] ( ! ,highe/ be pres]v$ f s92 & let all ! bless+s :i* are f\nd 9 ,holy ,scriptures pl5tifully desc5d ^u him1 t :atsoev] he may sanctify may be holy1 & :atsoev] he may bless may be bless$4 ,am54#dfb ,! ,coronation ,r+ ( ! ,engli% k+s is ( pure gold & is usually set ) a l>ge table ruby ( a violet hue1 ! flat surface engrav$ ) ! figure ( a ,/4 ,george's cross4 ,ab\t ! ruby are set tw5ty-six diamonds4 ,z ! r+ is design$ to s]ve = successive coronations1 ! circlet is jo9t$ s z to fit a l>g] or small] f+]4 ,a que5 consort is giv5 at ! c]emony ( coronation a r+ ( pure gold also be>+ a ruby1 b un5grav$2 ab\t ! /one are sixte5 small] rubies1 s grad$ z to size t ! l>ge/ are plac$ ne>e/ to ! c5tral /one1 ! size dim9i%+ z ! di/ance increases4 ,! ruby has be5 *os5 z emblematic ( fai?fulness4 ,^! r+s are put on ! f\r? f+] ( k+ & que51 & ! k+'s r+ is call$ by "s writ]s 8,! ,w$d+-,r+ ( ,engl&10 ! sov]eign be+ reg>d$ z esp\s$ to ! nation ov] ^: welf>e he is to wat*4#dfc ,! coronation r+ ( ,william ,,iv ( ,engl&1 al?\gh sc>cely a notable example ( ! jewell]'s art1 is /rik+ en\gh 9 its way4 ,9 _m e>li] coronation r+s1 = :i* ! ruby 7or a sp9el7 0 ! /one traditionally favor$1 a ,/4 ,george's cross 0 engrav$ on ! ruby1 b 9 ! case ( ,william ,,iv's r+ ! cross is =m$ ( five rubies1 a squ>e c5tral /one & f\r oblong ones = ! arms ( ! cross1 all set ov] a l>ge cabo*on-cut sapphire1 ?is af=d+ a blue backgr\nd = ! r$ cross1 simil> to ! blue field ( ! cross ( ,/4 ,&rew4 ,!re is also a bord]+ ( brilliants4 ,?is r+ :ile effective en\gh 9 ! %>p contra/ ( color1 is lack+ 9 h>mony & ta/e4#dfd ,! insignia ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales include mo/ ( ! emblems belong+ to royal insignia1 & ea* ( !m has its especial & peculi> significance4 ,unity is typifi$ by ! r+2 ! coronet is an emblem ( fri5d%ip4 ,! /aff 9 conjunction ) ! r+ sugge/s ! religi\s side ( ! pr9cely or royal (fice1 = ^! emblems =m an important "p ( ! episcopal insignia4 ,a special local association results f ! fact t ,wel% gold1 m9$ by ,wel%m5 9 ! ,m]ione?%ire m9es1 is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ^! ornam5ts4 ,a gold m$al be>+ ! head ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales on ! obv]se1 & on ! rev]se a repres5tation ( ! ,eagle ,t[] ( ,c>n>von ,ca/le1 0 /ruck = ! pres5t hold] ( ! title4 ,at ! coronation c]emonies ( ! k+s ( ,france1 ! (ficiat+ ecclesia/ic said to ! sov]eign 9 h&+ him ! ,coronation ,r+3 8,receive ?is r+1 a symbol ( holy fai? & ( ! /ability ( ! ,k+dom1 a sign ( p[]1 by :i* ?\ %alt be able to defeat all enemies ) triumphant p[]1 to de/roy all h]esies1 to unite all subjects & to ma9ta9 !m con/antly b\nd toge!r by ! ,ca?olic fai?40 ,?is =mula dates back at lea/ z f> z #ihf ,a4,d41 & 0 probably 9 use at an ev5 e>li] date4#dfe ,! close union ( ,*ur* & ,/ate is /rongly emphasiz$1 z well z ! necessity = uni=mity ( belief1 ?is hav+ be5 a s\rce ( /r5g? = ! ,/ate :5 volunt>ily pres5t1 b a cause ( manifold & dreadful mis=tunes :5 ! religi\s convictions ( ! subjects became discordant4 ,:5 a nun is consecrat$ ! prie/ places a r+ on h] f+]1 recit+ ! foll[+ words f ! ,roman pontifical3 ,i esp\se !e to ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,son ( ! ,supreme ,fa!r1 :o w pres]ve !e f all ill4 ,accept1 !re=e1 ?is r+ ( fai?1 a symbol ( ! ,holy ,_s1 t ?\ may/ be call$ a sp\se ( ,god1 & be cr[n$ = ev]4 ,be=e ! r+s are be/[$ !y are heap$ up on ! alt> & are collectively bless$ by ! (ficiat+ prie/4 ,z ! =mula us$ def9es ! "* & quality ( ! r+ m closely ?an d ! simple words ( pres5tation1 x is "h giv5 z foll[s1 ?is =mula already appe>+ 9 ! pontifical ( ,pi]re1 ,bi%op ( ,s5lis1 #acej3dff ,creator & pres]v] ( ! human race1 grantor ( spiritual grace & be/[] ( bodily heal?1 ,o ,god1 s5d =? ?y bless+ ^u ^! r+s t ^? :o may we> !m1 %all possess cele/ial virtue1 p]fect fai? & true fidelity1 %all ma9ta91 z sp\ses ( ,*ri/1 _! v[ ( virg9ity1 & %all p]sev]e 9 con/ant *a/ity4 ,by ,*ri/ ,our ,"l4 ,a pretty usage 0 obs]v$ at ! reception into ! ord] ( ! ,augu/9ian nuns ( ,sa9t ,?omas1 at ,vill5eueve4 ,on tak+ ! v[1 a r+ 0 plac$ on ! nun's f+] by a poor little girl1 :o said at ! same "t3 8,rememb]1 de> si/]1 t y h become ?is day ! sp\se ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! s]vant ( ! poor40 ,! si/]1 aft] hav+ respectfully accept$ ! gift made h] by "o :o repres5t$ ! ,"l1 kisses ! *ild :o has rem9d$ h] ( ! poor to ^: s]vice %e is consecrat$4#dfg ,accord+ to an old recital1 a miracul\s r+ 0 once f\nd by a pi\s nun 9 ! conv5t g>d54 ,"o day :5 %e 0 engag$ 9 t5d+ a b$ ( fl[]s1 !re came ov] h] ! ard5t wi% to receive a div9e sign 9 ! %ape ( a r+1 te/ify+ to ! reality ( h] esp\sal ) ,*ri/4 ,! ,"l answ]$ ! f]v5t aspiration ( 8 h&maid51 = sudd5ly !re appe>$ be=e h] 9 ! fl[] b$ an actual r+1 no deception ( ! s5ses1 b a mat]ial body4 ,?is /ory is relat$ by ,johann ,nid] 9 8 ,lat9 "w1 8,=mic>ius10 publi%$ 9 ,/rassburg 9 #aeag1 & ! writ] assev]ates t he saw ! r+1 :i* 0 ( a :ite sub/ance resembl+ pure silv]4#dfh ,a ,r+ ( ,wid[hood1 seal+ a wid['s v[ to rema9 fai?ful to ! memory ( h] dead husb&1 0 n r>ely be/[$1 ?ree or f\r c5turies ago1 to s]ve z a m>k ( ! solemn v[4 ,a notewor?y in/ance is t ( ,ka!r9e ,rippel+ham1 :o1 9 h] w dat$ ,febru>y #h1 #adgc1 describes h]self z 8adv[es0 78v[$071 & expresses ! wi% to be int]r$ 9 8,bayn>des ,ca/ell ( ,london40 ,9 a codicil %e leaves to h] gr&daught]1 ,alice ,/4 ,john1 8h] gold r+ ) a diamante !re9 :]e) %e 0 sacrid10 or consecrat$4 ,9 ano!r w1 t ( ,william ,h]b]t1 ,"l ,pembroke1 ! wife is enjo9$ to rememb] h] promise t %e w take ! ord] ( wid[hood1 s t1 z ! te/ator cont9ues1 8ye may be ! bett] mai/res ( y\r ow51 to p]=m my w1 & to help my *ildr51 z ,i love & tru/ y40#dfi ,9 view ( ! bad results ( a second m>riage :5 a wid[ falls into ! h&s ( "s design+ man1 to ! de/ruction ( h] *ildr5's welf>e1 ?is usage1 s long discont9u$1 ( b9d+ h]self by a solemn v[1 _h some?+ to recomm5d x 9 times f> pa/1 :5 m /ress 0 laid ^u ! sanctions & prohibitions ( religion ?an is g5]ally ! case 9 our day4 ,at a solemn c]emony ( ?is k9d1 held at ! ,priory ( ,campsey1 9 #achb1 dur+ ! reign ( ,ri*>d ,,ii1 ,isabella1 ,c\ntess ( ,suffolk1 took ! v[ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 ,lords ,will\ghby & ,scales1 & o!r nobles4 ,! old ,norman ,fr5* =m ( h] pl$ge has be5 pres]v$ & may be giv5 "h = its hi/oric int]e/3 8,jeo ,isabella1 jadys la femme ,william de ,uf=d1 ,c\nt de ,suffolk1 v[e ,dieu1 en pres5ce de tres rev]5tz pi]s en ,dieu1 vesques de ,ely et de ,norwiz1 qe jeo doi e/re *a/e d'ors en avant ma vie durante40 7,i1 ,isabella1 =m]ly ! wife ( ,william de ,uf=d1 ,c\nt ( ,suffolk1 v[ to ,god 9 pres5ce ( ! v rev]5d fa!rs 9 ,god1 ! bi%ops ( ,ely & ( ,norwi*1 t ,i %all rema9 *a/e f n[ on dur+ my entire life47#dgj ,,vii ,,magic ,,& ,,talismanic ,,r+s ,f _! close contact ) ! p]son z well z f _! symbolic =m1 ! significance ( _m designs engrav$ ^u !m1 & ! suppos$ virtues ( /ones set 9 !m1 "s r+s h enjoy$ ! repute ( possess+ magic p[]s1 bo? 9 anci5t & m$ival times1 & ev5 mu* lat]4 ,9 a numb] ( cases1 we c f9d "s clue to ! attribution ( a special virtue to a magic r+2 9 o!r cases1 h[ev]1 ! circum/ances lead+ to ?is are no long] to be asc]ta9$1 & we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) ! fact t su* & su* a r+1 or type ( r+s1 has be5 ?\ght to h su* & su* a my/]i\s influ5ce4 ,no anci5t talisman enjoy$ a great] repute 9 m$ival leg5d ?an ! 8,r+ ( ,solomon0 or 8,solomon's ,seal0 z x 0 (t5 call$4 ,an ,arab leg5d tells t by means ( ! p[] inh]5t 9 8 r+1 ! ,hebrew ,k+ 0 able to succe$ 9 all 8 und]tak+s4 ,h[ev]1 = ! space ( =ty ye>s he 0 depriv$ ( its aid1 z he once ?\ghtlessly took x (f 8 h& :5 he 0 9 ! ba? & x 0 c>ri$ away by a malevol5t g5ius4 ,at ! end ( ! =ty ye>s x 0 f\nd aga9 9 ! body ( a fi% s]v$ on ! mon>*'s table4 ,9 ,rabb9ical leg5d ?is r+ is said to h be5 set ) a m>vell\s preci\s /one1 p]haps a diamond1 :i* s]v$ z a magic mirror :]e9 ,solomon 0 able to see reflect$ ! image ( any di/ant place or ( any p]sons 9 reg>d to :om he wi%$ to be in=m$4#dga ,a v>iant ( ! leg5d we h j giv5 is f\nd 9 ano!r ,arabian tradition1 :i* rec\nts t ,solomon 0 s mu* infatuat$ ) a female prison]1 ! daught] ( a ,g5tile pr9ce1 & nam$ ,am9ah1 t he entru/$ to h] c>e 8 preci\s signet1 giv5 to him by ! f\r angels t presid$ ov] ! f\r elem5ts4 ,a mighty ,j9n succe$$ 9 ga9+ possession ( ! r+1 &1 by its p[]1 assum$ ,solomon's =m1 at ! same "t *ang+ t unhappy mon>*'s appe>ance to su* an ext5t t 8 c\rti]s no long] recogniz$ him1 & drove him f 8 k+dom4 ,h[ev]1 "o ( ,solomon's m9i/]s 0 %rewd en\gh to see ?r\gh ! disguise ( ! ,j9n1 & proce$$ to exorcise ! evil _s by recit+ c]ta9 v]ses ( ! ,law4 ,! ,j9n fl$ affright$1 & dropp$ ! r+ into ! sea4 ,"h x 0 swall[$ by a fi%1 & 9 due "t ?is fi% 0 caught by ,solomon1 :o _h ent]$ ! employ ( a fi%]man4 ,once aga9 9 possession ( 8 r+1 ,solomon soon rega9$ 8 k+dom4#dgb ,! great ,p]sian poet ,hafiz ( ,%iraz ?us uses ,solomon's ,seal to po9t a moral3#dgc ,matt]s ( beauty o!r !re be1 beside sweet spee*1 ,& ,solomon-hood by a seal-r+ alone is n begot4 ,! leg5d ( ! my/ic r+ ( ,gyges is relat$ by ,plato 9 8 ,republic4#dgd ,accord+ to ?is recital ! r+ 0 f\nd "u v extraord9>y circum/ances by 8an ance/] ( ,gyges ! ,lydian10 b ! text seems to be corrupt1 & ,gyges himself 0 probably said to h be5 ! f9d]4 ,gyges 7or 8 ance/or7 0 at ! "t a %eph]d 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,lydian ,k+4 ,"o day a viol5t /orm occurr$1 foll[$ by an e>?quake :i* op5$ up a deep *asm 9 ! e>?1 ne> ! place :]e ?is %eph]d 0 fe$+ 8 flock4 ,mov$ by curiosity1 he desc5d$ into ! *asm & saw !re9 a holl[1 braz5 horse1 ) op5+s at ! sides2 b5d+ d[n & look+ ?r\gh ^! op5+s1 he disc]n$ )9 ! horse ! body ( a man ( imm5se size4 ,a gold5 r+ glitt]$ on ! f+] ( ! corpse4 ,?is ! %eph]d remov$1 & climb+ out ( ! *asm1 /raightway took 8 dep>ture4 ,:51 a few days lat]1 all ! %eph]ds assembl$ to prep>e _! mon?ly reports to ! k+1 ! man :o _h f\nd ! r+ 0 ( _! numb]4 ,z he sat ) ! o!rs he c>elessly turn$ & twi/$ ! r+ :i* he _h plac$ on 8 f+]1 until1 by *ance1 he turn$ ! bezel t[>d ! inside ( 8 h&4 ,imm$iately he became invisible1 & he>d ! o!r %eph]ds talk+ ( him z ?\gh he 7 abs5t2 b :5 he turn$ ! r+ ar\nd aga91 s t ! bezel 0 outside1 he reappe>$4 ,he repeat$ ?is exp]im5t sev]al times until he _h assur$ himself ( ! /range virtue ( ! r+4 ,realiz+ !n ! extraord9>y opportunities t ?is p[] af=d$ him1 ! %eph]d ask$ & obta9$ ! privilege ( be>+ ! reports to ! k+1 & soon f\nd means to s$uce ! que51 &1 by h] aid1 to slay ! k+ & ga9 possession ( ! k+dom4 ,al?\gh ! leg5d does n expressly /ate t ! r+ 0 set ) a /one1 ! use ( ! t]m 8bezel0 77 sugge/s t "s preci\s /one 0 ! seat ( ! magic p[] ! r+ possess$4 ,! traditions curr5t at a lat] p]iod ) reg>d to ! opal1 :i* 0 reput$ to r5d] ! we>] invisible1 make x n improbable t1 9 ! orig9al leg5d1 ! r+ ( ,gyges 0 repres5t$ to h be5 set ) an opal1 or r p]haps ) "o ( ! ra9b[-hu$ specim5s ( iridesc5t qu>tz4 ,plato may well h omitt$ ?is detail1 = he 0 mak+ a didactic use ( ! /ory & w\ld naturally treat 8 mat]ial v freely4 ,an old au?or conjectures t ! /one set 9 ! r+ ( ,gyges 0 a s]p5t-/one f ,india4 ,9 t l& brilliant & exce$+ly beautiful /ones 7 said to be f\nd 9 ! heads ( c]ta9 cre/$ snakes t abode 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,if su* a /one 7 set 9 a gold or silv] r+1 at ! "t :5 ! planet>y or /ell> control ( ! /one 0 9 ! asc5dant1 ! we>] ( ! r+ 0 sure to h ! fulle/ possible b5efit f its p[]s4#dge ,! idea t s]p5ts 7 end[$ ) sup]natural wisdom 0 held by _m anci5t peoples1 & 9 ,india leg5d assign$ to ^! my/]i\s & dread$ reptiles ! gu>dian%ip ov] diamonds1 & also ov] ! corundum gems1 *ief among :i* are ! fair sapphire & ! gl[+ ruby4 ,! gold r+ ( ,m9os1 ,k+ ( ,crete1 al?\gh ( c\rse purely my?ical1 is usually rank$ among ! magic r+s4 ,x is said to h be5 us$ by ! ,cretan1 :o claim$ ,jupit] z 8 fa!r1 to te/ :e!r ,neptune 7 really ! fa!r ( ,!seus4 ,tak+ 8 r+ (f 8 f+]1 ,m9os ca/ x into ! sea1 & comm&$ ,!seus to br+ x back to him1 if ! latt] wi%$ p to believe ,neptune to be 8 fa!r4 ,he himself1 ,m9os1 c\ld easily furni% pro( ( 8 desc5t f ,jove by pray+ = a cele/ial sign4 ,?is he did1 & imm$iately a l\d ?und]-clap res\nd$ 9 ! heav5s4 ,n to be outdone1 ,!seus1 n ev5 /opp+ to make any supplication1 ?rew himself into ! sea to seek ! r+4 ,on ?is1 !re appe>$ a multitude ( dolph9s1 & ,!seus 0 s(tly borne away to ! ,n]eides1 :o gave him ! r+ s t he might re/ore x to ,m9os4#dgf ,! leg5d>y r+ ( ,hel5 ( ,troy is said to h borne z its sett+ an a/roites or />-gem tak5 f ! head ( a my/]i\s fi% call$ pan1 because 9 appe>ance x resembl$ ! god ,pan4 ,p]haps ! gem 0 simply "o ( ! head-/ones exi/+ 9 c]ta9 fi%es ( o!r species4 ,?is /one1 :i* emitt$ rays ( flame1 0 conceiv$ to be a mo/ pot5t love-*>m1 draw+ to its we>] ! love ( anyone he1 or %e1 might wi% to fasc9ate1 & ! p>ticul> specim5 ( ?is /range gem :i* ,hel5 wore 0 a signet1 engrav$ ) ! image ( ! god by ^: "n ! fi% 0 call$4#dgg ,among ! r+s miracul\sly f\nd aft] !y h app>5tly be5 irrevocably lo/1 0 "o ( iron giv5 to ,seleucus ,i1 ,nicator 7#cfe-bha ,b4,c471 ^: wide dom9ions /ret*$ f ! we/]n seabo>d ( ,asia ,m9or to ,india4 ,?is priz$ r+ 0 lo/ by *ance ne> ! riv] ,euphrates1 b 0 lat] recov]$ at ! v spot :]e ! rul]'s "m _h pr$ict$ x w\ld be f\nd4#dgh ,:e!r ?is 0 reveal$ to h] 9 dream or trance ! recital does n /ate4#dgi ,a talismanic bronze r+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is set ) an ame?y/ on :i* has be5 engrav$ a human eye1 evid5tly a *>m aga9/ ! ,evil ,eye4 ,?is dread influ5ce 0 also combat$ by a peculi> type ( r+ hav+ gold nails or /uds ins]t$ 9 !m4 ,?is is a ,grco-,roman type ( ab\t #ejj to #bjj ,b4,c41 & does n appe> to h ga9$ favor ) ! ,romans4 ,9 a l>ge & massive gold r+ ( ! late ,roman p]iod1 ! entire bezel has be5 giv5 ! =m ( an eye4 ,?is r+ weighs #ige gra9s1 or ov] two ounces2 x 0 f\nd 9 ,t>sus1 & belongs to ! ?ird ,*ri/ian c5tury4#dhj ,9 a few anci5t r+s gold & silv] h be5 comb9$1 z %[n by a /rik+ example 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :]e ! upp] "p ( ! hoop is ( gold & ! l[] half ( silv]4 ,?is has be5 conjectur$ to h be5 design$ to r5d] ! r+ a talisman1 ! jo9+ ( gold & silv] hav+ a simil> effect to t obta9$ by ins]t+ a gold nail 9 ! bezel ( a silv] r+4 ,! bezel ( ! massive r+ we h not$ is set ) a s>d engrav$ 9 intaglio ) ! design ( a %eph]d seat$ on a rock4#dha ,! we>+1 at c]ta9 religi\s c]emonies1 ( a r+ set ) a gem on :i* 0 engrav$ a design hav+ "s fanci$ connection ) ! c]emony1 appe>s n to h be5 uncommon 9 ! ,roman _w4 ,an in/ance ( ?is is giv5 by ! hi/orian ,suetonius1 :o /ates t :5 ,n]o 0 ab\t to take ! auspices 7! bird-augury71 ,sporus gave him a r+ ! gem ( :i* repres5t$ ! c>ry+ (f ( ,pros]p9a1 goddess ( ! inf]nal regions4#dhb ,! f9d+ ( a r+ ) a p>ticul> design 0 also look$ ^u z a h>b+] ( good =tune4 ,%ortly aft] ! *oice ( ,galba z emp]or 7#fh ,a4,d471 !re 0 f\nd 9 build+ ! =tifications ( a city1 on ! spot ! emp]or _h select$ = a milit>y ex]cis+ gr\nd1 a r+ ( antique workman%ip engrav$ ) ! figure ( a ,victory ) a trophy4 ,?is 0 accept$ z a happy presage4#dhc ,josephus tells u ( a magic r+ :i* 0 us$ by a ,jew nam$ ,eleaz>4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! emp]or ,vespasian1 ( 8 son1 & ( 8 c\rt1 ?is man cur$ ^? suff]+ f demoniacal possession4 ,8 me?od 0 to introduce into ! nose ( ! pati5t a r+ hav+ b5ea? its device an h]b designat$ by ,solomon4 ,! evil _s 0 attract$ by ! odor ( ! h]b & imm$iately pass$ out ( ! man's body4 ,aft] ?is ,eleaz> exorcis$ x by *ant+ c]ta9 8psalms ( ,solomon40 ,fur!rmore1 9 ord] to conv9ce ! spectators ( ! pres5ce ( ! evil _s1 he us$ to place on ! gr\nd a vase fill$ ) wat]1 & comm& ! demon to upset x4 ,z ! text ( ,josephus indicates t ?is exp]im5t 0 successful1 ,eleaz] mu/ h _h rec\rse to "s clev] deception 9 ! matt]4#dhd ,?is tale %[s t r+s some:at simil> to ^? describ$ 9 ! ,cyrianides 7a "w writt5 9 ,alex&ria ab\t ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury ( our era7 7 us$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,x is true t ,josephus does n say t ! r+ 0 set ) a /one1 b m]ely /ates t x bore a device4 ,! god ,m]cury 0 popul>ly reg>d$ z a be/[] ( magic r+s1 to judge f ! words ,lucian1 ! greate/ humori/ ( anci5t times1 puts into ! m\? ( "o ( 8 *>act]s4 ,timolaus1 9 8,! ,%ip10 expresses ! wi% t ,m]cury w\ld grant him a numb] ( wond]-work+ r+s2 "o ( ^! %\ld pres]ve 8 heal? & protect him f w\nds & o!r injuries2 ano!r %\ld make him invisible z did ! r+ ( ,gyges2 a ?ird %\ld give him ! /r5g? ( t5 ?\s& m52 a f\r? 0 to give him ! p[] to fly ?r\gh ! air1 & a fif?1 ! p[] to sleep at w1 & ! privilege ( see+ all doors op5 be=e him4 ,! cr[n+ gift1 h[ev]1 w\ld be a r+ possess+ ! virtue ( attract+ ! love ( all fair wom51 & ! affection & respect ( 8 fell[ m54#dhe ,we might inf] f ?is t r+s engrav$ ) ! figure ( ,m]cury 7 suppos$ to be especially propiti\s2 v possibly ! /ory ( ! magic r+s ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 lat] embodi$ 9 ! life ( ?is /range p]sonality writt5 by ,philo/ratus1 0 kn[n to ,lucian1 & sugge/$ ?is description ( ! v>i\s & wond]ful p[]s inh]5t 9 r+s ( ?is k9d4 ,! same au?or m5tions a magic r+ us$ to fright5 away gho/s4#dhf ,?is 0 made1 by an ,arab1 out ( an iron nail f a cross1 & ! virtue ascrib$ to x recalls t attribut$ to a piece ( wood f a gall[s4 ,9 ea* case an object t 0 associat$ ) a viol5t & ignom9i\s dea? 0 believ$ to h ! p[] ( exorcis+ unwelcome visitants f ! grave4 ,! ,*ur* fa!r ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 born ab\t #aej ,a4,d41 says1 giv+ ,ari/otle z 8 au?ority1 t a c]ta9 ,exece/us1 a tyrant ( ,phocis1 own$ & wore two magic r+s1 & by means ( ! /ones set 9 ^! r+s he _h k ( future ev5ts4 ,!y seem to h done him b little s]vice1 h[ev]1 = he met 8 dea? by assass9ation1 al?\gh x is /at$ t ! gems gave him w>n+ ( ?is4#dhg ,flavius ,philo/ratus1 :o fl\ri%$ "u ,septimius ,sev]us 7#aic-baa ,a4,d47 & lat]1 wrote at ! reque/ ( ! ,empress ,julia ,domna1 a rem>kable life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana 9 :i* he laid special /ress ^u ! miracles ascrib$ to ?is pagan sa9t4 ,! "w 0 us$ lat] to oppose ! tea*+s ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,"h we read t ,apollonius possess$ sev5 en*ant$ r+s correspond+ to ! sev5 planets1 ! gift ( ! ,h9du pr9ce ,i>*as4 ,^! he wore1 "o by "o1 9 ! ord] ( ! week days2 8= x is said t he rev]$ !m z div9e1 s t he *ang$ !m ea* day & made !m p>tak]s ( 8 greate/ secrets40#dhh ,! ,leyd5 ,papyrus 7,no4 ,v71 ( ! ?ird c5tury ( our era1 conta9s a numb] ( directions1 9 ,greek & ,demotic ,egyptian1 = ! prep>ation ( amulets & talismans1 & gives two =mulas = ! mak+ ( magic r+s4 ,! text ( "o is defective 9 "p1 b c be r5d]$ z foll[s3#dhi 8,a r+ = con/ant use & = prosp]ity 444 v efficaci\s = k+s & emp]ors4 ,take an azure jasp]1 engrave on x a dragon 9 ! =m ( a circle1 ! tail 9 ! m\?1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! dragon 7an animal7 hav+ two />s on its two horns1 & ! sun above 7) ! "n7 ,abrasax1 & place z an inscription ^u ! /one ! same "n1 ,abrasax1 & on ! 444 engrave ! great & supreme appelation1 ,iao ,sabao?4 ,we> ! /one 9 a gold r+4 ,may x be always useful = y1 exi/+ pure & 444 = :atev] y may desire4 ,consecrate ! r+ & ! gem :i* projects above x4 ,! design ^u ! gold1 :i* has be5 describ$ above1 has ! same virtue40 ,! names ,abrasax & ,iao ,sabao? indicate t ?is r+ 0 probably design$ to be a talisman = adh]5ts ( ! ,m>cian =m ( ,gno/icism4 ,a second =mula runs ?us3 8,r+ to obta9 7a wi%7 a favor & success2 x r5d]s glori\s1 great1 admirable & ri*2 x insures love4 ,x is prop] & excell5t to be worn on all occasions1 ?is incomp>able r+4 ,x be>s ! wond]ful "n ( ! sun1 cut 9 a heliotrope1 & is fa%ion$ z foll[s3 ,a complete s]p5t1 l a circle1 hold+ its tail 9 its m\?2 on ! inside is a sc>ab1 sacr$ & radiant4 ,z to ! "n1 ?\ %alt engrave ?is 9 sacr$ *>act]s on ! rev]se side ( ! gem1 z is taught by ! prophets1 & ?\ %alt we> ! r+ 9 all purity4 ,hav+ x ) !e1 all ?y wi%es w be fulfill$2 ! hatr$ ( k+s & emp]ors t[>d !e w be appeas$2 :5 ?\ we>e/ x all t ?\ saye/ to o!rs w be believ$1 all w favor !e1 all doors w be op5 to !e4 ,?\ wilt r5d ! bonds & break ! /one-walls1 if ?\ take/ out ! /one1 t is ! gem1 & pron\nce/ ! "n inscrib$ b5ea? x4 ,?is r+ is equally useful = demoniacs1 give x to !m1 & on ! in/ant ! demon w flee40 ,dreams ( r+s set ) preci\s /ones h a special significance1 & ,a*ametis tells u1 f 8 ,h9du s\rces1 t if anyone %\ld dream ( receiv+ a r+ set ) a r$ /one1 ! spl5dor ( ! /one signifi$ great au?ority & mu* joy to ! dream]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a man _h a dream ( a r+ set ) a yell[ /one1 ! vision port5d$ t 8 wife w\ld be liable to illness & *agr94#dij ,an ,anglo-,saxon dream-book f ! "t be=e ! ,norman ,conque/1 gives ! significance ( v>i\s dreams ab\t r+s4 ,?us1 = example1 m]ely to see a r+ betok5$ a desir$ place2 %\ld "o dream ( receiv+ a r+ z a gift1 h[ev]1 ?is d5ot$ fre$om f c>e4 ,if ! dream] fanci$ himself to be ! own] ( a gold r+1 ?is indicat$ t great honor 0 go+ to be 8 portion4 ,la/ly1 ! dream t a gem _h be5 lo/ f a r+ 0 a v bad om5 & port5d$ "s s]i\s accid5t4#dia ,?ree subjects ( ! ,ea/]n ,emp]or ,val5s 7#cfd-cgh ,a4,d471 believ+ t he _h incurr$ ! public hatr$ to su* a degree t he w\ld soon p]i% at ! h&s ( 8 enemies1 s\ght ! aid ( ! div9]s ,hil>ius & ,patricius to le>n :at w\ld be 8 fate & :o w\ld succe$ him4 ,! div9]s1 hav+ engrav$ ar\nd ! edge ( a bas9 ! *>act]s ( ! ,greek alphabet1 susp5d$ above x an en*ant$ r+1 :i*1 by its vibrations m>k$ 9 turn ! lett]s t compos$ ! words ( ! response ( ! oracle4 ,x 0 conceiv$ 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,! successor ( ,val5s w be an accompli%$ pr9ce4 ,! curiosity ( ^? :o h consult$ ! oracle w be de/ruction to !m1 b _! murd]]s w !mselves incur ! v5geance ( ! ,gods40 ,z ! oracle _h fail$ to designate ! pr9ce cle>ly1 ! inquir]s dem&$ 8 "n4 ,!reupon ! r+ /ruck successively at ! lett]s ,t4 ,h4 ,e4 ,o4 ,d41 & "o ( ^? pres5t exclaim$ t ! ,gods nam$ ,!odore4 ,! o!rs all accept$ ?is view & ! matt] appe>$ s evid5t t no fur!r attempt at rese>* 0 made4#dib ,a curi\s type ( magic r+ is v\*$ = by ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 :o notes z a sup]/iti\s practice ! we>+ ( a r+ 7or 8f+]b&0 ansula7 made f ! bone ( an o/ri*4#dic ,:e!r ! attribution ( a magic quality result$ f ! r>ity ( ! bird = ! ,romans1 or f "s analogy ) its habits1 is left to our imag9ation to det]m9e4 ,a talismanic r+ ( ! late ,roman times1 ab\t ! fif? c5tury ,a4,d41 0 f\nd by ,lieut4 ,s*eibel1 9 #ahif1 emb$d$ 9 s& t _h be5 dr$g$ f ! b$ ( ! ,save ,riv]1 ne> ,v9covce1 ,slavonia1 ,au/ria4 ,! hoop is divid$ by ridges into elev5 comp>tm5ts 9 :i* are engrav$ ! ,greek lett]s 7equival5t to 8,long live ,arion074 ,?is r+ is 9 ! ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na4#did ,among ! leg5ds :i* ga!r$ ab\t ! p]sonality ( ,*>lemagne1 none is m int]e/+ ?an t :i* tells ( a preci\s /one :i* ex]cis$ a magic p[] ov] him4 ,?is leg5d is ( ,g]man orig9 & probably localiz$ 9 ,aix-la-,*apelle2 x does n appe> 9 any ( ! num]\s ,fr5* *ansons de ge/e treat+ ( ,*>lemagne & 8 times4 ,x seems to h orig9at$ ab\t ! ?irte5? c5tury1 al?\gh x may h be5 curr5t at an e>li] date1 & we h two pr9ciple v]sions1 "o giv5 by ,br&waldius1#die & ! o!r by ,petr>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,silv]-gilt r+ ) ,greek inscription ' 7,"t removes all ?+s & br+s =getfulness74 ,9 ! int]ior a sun-dial4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,r+ ( gilt bronze1 set ) a squ>e table-cut rock cry/al ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,gold r+4 ,! hoop has elev5 ridges betwe5 :i* are ! ,greek lett]s ,z 7,long live ,arion74 ,f\nd by ,lieut5ant ,s*eibel1 9 #ahif1 9 s& dr$g$ f ! b$ ( ,save ,riv]1 ne> ,v9covce1 ,slavonia1 ,au/ria4 ,late ,roman1 ab\t ,fif? ,c5tury ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 #a1 copp] r+1 ) glass pa/e4 ,fir/ ,c5tury ,a4,d4 ,syria4 #b1 bronze r+1 %ape ( f+]4 ,f\nd 9 grave 9 ,syria4 ,fir/ ,c5tury ,a4,d4 #c1 #d1 jadeite f+] r+s4 ,body ( ! r+ pale :ite jade2 top1 int5se em]ald gre54 ,*9ese1 ,tw5tie? ,c5tury4 #e1 ,*9ese signet r+1 made ( ,burmese jadeite4 ,top1 int5se gre52 sides1 pale gre54 ,tw5tie? ,c5tury4 #f1 antique ,*ri/ian holl[ r+ ( f9e gold ) ,greek ,cross engrav$ on g>net4 ,second ,c5tury ,a4,d4 #g1 antique r+ ( f9e gold ) ,nicolo4 ,black b& surr\nd+ :ite oblong4 #h1 ,*9ese r+ ( f9e gold1 ) motto4 ,%ank ( r+ is 9 two p>ts1 all f9e gold1 s !y c be made to fit any f+]4 #i1 anci5t ,greek r+ ( twi/$ gold4 ,s>d engrav$ ) figure ( man4 #aj1 r+ ( ,egyptian gold1 c>v$4 ,second ,c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! fir/-nam$ v]sion describes ! acquisition ( ! /one 9 mu* ! same t]ms z are employ$ 9 ! /ory f ! ,ge/a ,romanorum reg>d+ ! /one br\ght by a s]p5t to ! bl9d ,!odosius2#dif inde$1 ! resemblance is s close t "o ( ^! tales mu/ be d]iv$ f ! o!r4 ,"h also ! s]p5t r+s a bell outside ! palace gates1 & f9ally succe$s 9 obta9+ ju/ice aga9/ a toad :i* has secur$ possession ( its ne/4 ,grateful = ?is s]vice1 ! s]p5t appe>s be=e ,*>lemagne1 :5 he is seat$ at meat1 crawls up on ! table &1 lift+ ! cov] ( a beak]1 drops !re9 a preci\s /one4 ,f ?is po9t we h ! specifically ,c>ol+ian leg5d4 ,! /one possess$ a /range1 hidd5 p[]1 by means ( :i* x attract$ ! affections ( ! fir/ own] to any "o :o subsequ5tly acquir$ x4 ,*>lemagne gave x to 8 wife & imm$iately all 8 ?\ghts became c5t]$ 9 h]4 ,naturally en\gh %e 9 no wise object$ to ?is1 b :5 %e 0 tak5 dang]\sly ill %e c\ld n endure ! ?\ght t "s o!r woman %\ld acquire ! /one1 & take h] place 9 ,*>lemagne's he>t2 !re=e1 :5 at ! po9t ( dea?1 %e slipp$ x b5ea? h] tongue & soon !reaft] expir$4 ,! p[] ( ! *>m ov] ,*>lemagne's m9d 0 s great t aft] 8 wife's body _h be5 int]r$ he caus$ x to be exhum$1 & sp5t 8 days & nights ) x4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s cont9u$ = no less ?an eighte5 ye>s1 until1 f9ally1 "o ( ,*>lemagne's m9i/]s discov]$ ! cause ( ! en*antm5t & remov$ ! /one f b5ea? ! tongue ( ! corpse4 ,in/antly ! spell 0 brok51 b all ! emp]or's reg>d 0 n[ direct$ t[>d 8 m9i/]1 ^: pres5ce became indisp5sable to him4 ,m>k+ ?is1 & fe>+ t ! gem might fall into unwor?y h&s1 ! m9i/] ?rew x into a spr+1 :i* *anc$ to be t ( ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,ev5 "h ! /one did n lose its p[]1 & ! place became ! favorite resort ( ,*>lemagne1 :o e/abli%$ himself !re & built a *ur* & a palace ne> ! re/+ place ( ! *>m$ /one4 ,a some:at diff]5t v]sion ( ?is tale is giv5 by ,petr>*1#dig :o /ates t he _h x f ! prie/s ( ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,!re is "h no m5tion ( a s]p5t br++ a /one1 & ! object ( ,*>lemagne's love is n 8 wife b a woman :o possesses a magic r+4 ,! emp]or is s ?or\ghly infatuat$ t :5 %e dies he has ! body deck$ out ) gorge\s app>el1 adorns x ) preci\s /ones & refuses to leave x4 ,anxi\s to relieve 8 sov]eign f ?is obsession1 ! ,bi%op ( ,cologne prays to ,god = a solution ( ! my/]y1 & is told1 9 a vision1 t ! cause lies b5ea? ! tongue ( ! corpse4 ,he se>*es 9 ! place indicat$ & f9ds !re a gem set 9 a sl5d] r+4 ,:5 ?is is remov$ ,*>lemagne rega9s 8 normal /ate1 & gazes ) surprise & horror ^u ! object ( 8 love4 ,! /ory !n proce$s 9 mu* ! same way z 9 ! old] ,g]man v]sion4 ,! rema9s ( ,*>lemagne1 & presumably :atev] ornam5ts may h be5 buri$ ) him1 7 dis9t]r$ at ,aa*5 7,aix-la-,*apelle7 9 #ajjj1 by ord] ( ! ,g]man emp]or ,otto ,,iii4 ,! b>e fact ( ! discov]y ( ,*>lemagne's bones is record$ 9 ! e>ly *ronicle1#dih b accord+ to leg5ds ( a lat] "t1 :5 ! imp]ial crypt 0 op5$1 ! emp]or 0 to be se5 seat$ on a m>ble ?rone & adorn$ ) imp]ial ve/ure & ornam5ts4 ,su* _h be5 8 p]si/5t vitality t 8 f+]-nails _h cont9u$ to gr[ aft] 8 dea?1 & _h pi]c$ ?r\gh ! gloves on 8 h&s4#dii ,! magic r+ ( ! ,nibelung5 0 giv5 by ! ,as> ,loki to ,hreidm>1 z w]geld = ! murd] ( ,hreidm>'s son ,otr1 :om ,loki _h kill$4 ,z ,otr _h assum$ ! %ape ( an ott] :5 he met 8 dea? at ,loki's h&s1 ! latt] 0 requir$ to furni% en\gh blood-ransom to fill ! ott]'s sk94 ,?is he obta9$ by captur+ ! dw>f ,&v>i & =c+ him to give up 8 ri*es to ransom 8 life4 ,8 o!r treasures ,&v>i yield$ ) mu* hesitation1 b he 0 extremely loa? to "p ) 8 r+1 & :5 f9ally =c$ s to d1 he pron\nc$ a curse ^u all :o %\ld ev] come into possession ( x4 ,?is curse 0 fulfill$ by ! successive viol5t dea?s ( ,hreidm>1 kill$ by 8 son ,fafn] :o wi%$ to rob him ( 8 treasure2 ( ,fafn]1 :o 9 ! snake or dragon =m he _h assum$ 0 sla9 by ,sigurd2 ( ! h]o ,sigurd himself & ( ,brunhilde ^u :om he be/[$ ! fatal r+4#ejj ,?is is ! leg5d z relat$ 9 ! ,volsung ,saga1 compos$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury f old] traditions4 ,caxton's ,engli% v]sion ( ! tale ( ,reyn>d ! ,fox1 d]iv$ f ! elev5? c5tury 8,roman de ,r5>d10 conta9s a detail$ description ( a magic r+4#eja ,a rynge ( fyn gold1 & )9 ! rynge next ! fyngre 7 wreton lett]s enameld wy? sable & asure1 & !re 7 ?re ,hebrews names !re94 ,i c\de n my self r$e ne spelle !m1 = ,i und]/onde n t langage1 b moi/] ,abrion ( ,try]1 he is a wyse man1 he und]/&e? wel al man] ( h]bes 444 ,& yet he bileve? n on ,god1 he is a ,jewe1 ! wyse/ 9 conynge1 & especially he kn[e? ! v]tue ( /ones4 ,i %ewde hym ?is ryng1 he saide t !y 7 ! ?re names t ,se? br\ght out ( ,p>adys1 :5 he br\ght to 8 fadre ,adam ! oyle ( m]cy4 ,& :o somev] b]e? on hym ?ise ?re names1 he %al nev] be hurte by ?ondre1 ne by lyghtnyng1 ne no wit*ecraft %al h p[] ov] hym1 ne be tempt$ to doo synne4 ,& also he %all nev] take h>m by colde1 ?augh he laye ?re wynt]s nyghtis 9 ! feelde1 ?augh x sn[$1 /orm$1 or froze nev] s sore1 s grete myght h ?ise wordes4 ,?is wond]-work+ r+ 0 set ) a /one 8( ?ree man] col\rs10 r$1 :ite & gre54 ,! r$ "p _h ! fabl$ quality ( ! ruby = 8! %ynyng ( ! /one made & gaf z grete a lyghte z x _h be5 mydday40 ,! :ite portion 0 a rem$y = diseases ( ! eye1 = heada*e1 &1 inde$1 = almo/ all ills1 8sauf only ! v de?10 if ! "p affect$ 7 /rok$ ) ! /one1 or1 :5 ! malady 0 int]nal1 if ! pati5t drank ( wat] 9 :i* ! /one _h be5 plac$4 ,! ?ird color 0 8gr5e lyke glas10 ) "s small spots ( purple4 ,?is procur$ love & fri5d%ip = ! we>] & also victory 9 battle2 ev5 %\ld he be 8al nak$ 9 ! felde agayn an hondr$ arm$ m510 he w\ld escape ) hon\r4 ,h[ev]1 ! r+ mu/ only be worn by "o ( g5tle bir?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,h]mit ,,/one10 ,a ,,talisman ,,( ,,*a/ity ,,:5 ,,worn ,,set ,,9 ,a ,,r+ ,lapid>io del ,rey ,d4 ,alfonso ,x1 ,codice ,orig9al1 ,madrid1 #ahha1 fol4 #ad ,illu/ration3 ,,f9d+ ,,( ,,/one ,,:i* ,,:5 ,,set ,,9 ,a ,,r+ ,,assures ,,male ,,(fspr+ ,,to ,,! ,,woman ,,:o ,,we>s ,,x ,lapid>io del ,rey ,d4 ,alfonso ,x1 ,codice ,orig9al1 ,madrid1 #ahha1 fol4 #c ,! 8,lapid>io10 an a/rological treatise on /ones1 writt5 at ! in/ance ( ! ,ca/ilian ,k+1 ,alfonso ,x1 ! ,wise1 7#abba-abhd71 o/5sibly a translation f a 8,*aldee0 orig9al1 b probably ma9ly bas$ on ,arabic lore1 gives1 "u ! obscure "n c]itiz1 an acc\nt ( an ,indian /one f\nd on ! banks ( ! riv] ( ! same "n4 ,x 0 ( a v d>k gre5 hue1 0 exce$+ly t\gh & its weight is fix$ at #abj dra*mas4 ,:5 clean$ & poli%$ x ca/ a reflection l t ( a f9e mirror4 ,a piece ( ?is /one set 9 a r+ & worn by a woman w\ld assure h] a s]ies ( boy babies4 ,ano!r r+-/one1 "o hav+ a diff]5t effect1 0 t call$ ! 8h]mit's /one10 :i* 0 wa%$ up by ! waves on ! %ore ( ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,its color 0 yell[1 transp>5t1 & _h a %e5 l t ( pure oil2 possibly ?is may h be5 *rysolite4 ,x 0 em95tly & rigidly a /one ( *a/ity4 ,! lapis lazuli 0 d$icat$ to ,v5us1 & any man :o wore "o set 9 a r+1 :ile ,v5us 0 9 ! asc5dant1 w\ld attract ! love ( wom51 especially ( ^? ) blue-gray eyes4 ,on a woman's h&1 x _h a correspond+ effect ^u ! opposite sex4#ejb ,an old ,g]man lay tells ( a magic gold r+ set ) a diamond4 ,%\ld ! woman we>+ ?is r+ prove unfai?ful 9 love1 ! gold turn$ to dross1 & ! diamond became glass4 ,! ,lat9 "n ( ! diamond1 adamas1 is ! =m us$ 9 ?is poem4#ejc ,?is ^w1 :i* prim>ily signifi$ an exce$+ly h>d metal1 f9ally came to mean ! diamond1 or at lea/ :at 0 believ$ to be a diamond1 al?\gh x might 9 reality be only a colorless corundum1 mu* less h>d ?an ! g5u9e diamond1 b h>d] ?an any ( ! o!r preci\s /ones except ! color$ corundums1 ruby1 sapphire1 etc4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury ,g]man romance1 8,wolfdietri*10 celebrates a r+ giv5 by ! empress to ! h]o ( ! poem4 ,?is r+ 0 set ) a /one de/9$ to d\ble ! /r5g? ( ! we>]1 & to protect him f ! %eets ( flame eject$ by ! fe>ful dragon he 0 ab\t to combat4 ,h[ev]1 be=e 8 enc\nt] ) ?is fabul\s mon/]1 ,wolfdietri* det]m9es to return ! r+1 & s5ds x back to ! empress1 :]eupon %e bur/s into te>s1 exclaim+3 8,i let x d[n f ! battlem5ts ) my own h&4 ,does he value x s lightly1 t he s5ds x back to me80#ejd ,9 a satirical & malici\s life ( ,pope ,boniface ,,viii 7ca4 #abbh-acjc71 ! bitt] oppon5t ( ! ,fr5* k+ ,philippe le ,bel 7#abfh-acad71 writt5 by1 or at ! in/ance ( 8 royal enemy1 x is relat$ t :5 ?is pope 0 dy+ & 0 told t he mu/ prep>e 8 s\l = ! great *ange1 he ca/ 8 eyes ^u a /one set 9 a r+ he 0 we>+1 & exclaim$ 8,o y tricky spirits imprison$ 9 ?is /one1 :y h y deceiv$ me to ab&on me n[ 9 my extremity80 ,& s speak+ he snat*$ (f ! r+ & ?rew x away4#eje ,"o ( ! old monki% tales f m$ival times1 collect$ "u ! title ( 8,ge/a ,romanorum10 runs z foll[s3 ,fr$iricus1 :o reign$ 9 a ,roman city1 _h be5 a long "t )\t (fspr+4 ,f9ally1 by ! advice ( wise c\nsellors1 he m>ri$ a beautiful girl 9 p>ts f> di/ant & liv$ ) h] 9 an unkn[n l& & _h (fspr+4 ,aft] ?is1 he wi%$ to return to 8 realm b c\ld n obta9 8 wife's cons5t2 inde$1 %e always repeat$ t if he ab&on$ h] %e w\ld kill h]self4 ,he>+ ?is1 ! emp]or caus$ two spl5did r+s to be made1 & _h engrav$ ^u two gems images ( ! foll[+ efficacy3 "o ( remembrance & ! o!r ( =getfulness4 ,hav+ set ^! 9 _! appropriate r+s he gave "o--t ( =getfulness--to 8 wife1 & kept ! o!r = himself 444 ,! wife began /raightway to =get ! love ( h] husb&1 & ! emp]or1 not+ ?is1 j\rney$ back to 8 realm ) great joy1 & nev] return$ to 8 wife4 ,he end$ 8 life 9 peace4#ejf ,wel% leg5d (f]s u p>allels to ! r+ ( ,gyges & to t set ) ! 8,/one ( ,remembrance0 told ( 9 ! ,ge/a ,romanorum4 ,9 ! old ,wel% epic1 ! ,mab9ogion1 ! foll[+ directions are giv5 by a damsel to h] lov] 9 reg>d to a r+ ( ! =m] type3 8,take ?is r+ & put x on ?y f+] ) ! /one )9 ?y h&2 & close ?y h& ^u ! /one1 & z long z ?\ conceale/ x1 x w conceal !e40 ,?is ,/one ( ,invisibility 0 reg>d$ z "o ( ! ?irte5 r>ities ( ! anci5t ,briti% regalia1 =m]ly treasur$ up 9 ,ca]leon1 ,monm\?%ire1 & 9 ano!r ,wel% leg5d>y cycle 7! ,triads7 x is said to h 8lib]at$ ,ow51 ! son ( ,uri51 f betwe5 ! portcullis & ! wall40 ,:oev] conceal$ ! /one w\ld be conceal$ by x4 ,"h inde$ ! simil>ity ) ! /ory told ( ! r+ ( ,gyges is s close t x is app>5t we only h to d ) an adaptation ( ! classic tale4 ,z to ! /one ( ,remembrance1 h[ev]1 ! ,wel% tradition seems to be ess5tially an indep5d5t "o4 ,! ,mab9ogion makes ,iddawe say to ,rhonabwy3 8,do/ ?\ see ?is r+ ) a /one set 9 x ^u ! ,emp]or's h&8 ,x is "o ( ! prop]ties ( t /one to enable !e to rememb] t ?\ see/ "h to-night1 & had/ ?\ n se5 ! /one1 ?\ w\ld/ nev] h be5 able to rememb] aught !re(40 ,?is ref]s to a dream or vision accord$ to ,rhonabwy :ile he lay ^u an en*ant$ calf-sk94#ejg ,dactylomancy1 z x 0 call$1 0 resort$ to 9 ! ,middle ,ages by ^? :o s\ght to probe ! my/]ies ( ! future4 ,?is art 0 practic$ by ! use ( a r+ 7sometimes be>+ ! figure ( "o ( ! con/ellations71 :i* 0 susp5d$ by a ?read 9 ! middle ( a glass or metal vessel4 ,! numb] & quality ( ! /rokes x made aga9/ ! sides ( ! vessel z x swung free on ! ?read1 7 int]pret$ by ! magician accord+ to a secret =mula1 & 7 expla9$ by him to signify t "s expect$ or dread$ ev5t w\ld or w\ld n take place4#ejh ,among ! ,sagan ,k]5s ( s\!a/]n ,asia !re is a curi\s sup]/iti\s use ( a r+ 9 connection ) fun]al fea/s4 ,on su* occasions a metal r+ is susp5d$ f a support j ov] a brass bas94 ,"o by "o ! relatives ( ! deceas$ p]son approa* & /rike a succession ( quick taps on ! edge ( ! bas9 ) a piece ( bamboo4 ,:5 x comes to ! turn ( ! "o :o 0 mo/ belov$ by ! dep>t$1 ! _s is believ$ to answ] ! call by mak+ ! /r+ twi/ ab\t & l5g!n1 s t1 f9ally1 x ei!r p>ts & p]mits ! r+ to fall into ! bas91 or else sw+s & l5g!ns suffici5tly to cause ! r+ to /rike ! bas9 edge4#eji ,a magic r+ is introduc$ by ,sir ,?omas ,malory 9 8 8,morte d',ar?ur10 writt5 9 #adfi or #adgj1 ! tale be+ ( c\rse borr[$ f "s "o ( ! num]\s s\rces he us$ 9 ?is compilation ( ! /ory ( ,k+ ,ar?ur & ! ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table4 ,! r+ 0 giv5 by ,dame ,l9ess to ,sir ,g>e?1 :o wi%$ to hide 8 p]sonality :ile compet+ 9 a t\rnam5t4 ,! dame assur$ ! ,knight t ?is r+ _h su* virtue t x w\ld turn gre5 to r$1 blue to :ite1 & vice v]sa1 & s ?r\gh all ! range ( colors4 ,! lady requir$1 h[ev]1 a solemn promise t h] r+ w\ld be return$ to h] at ! close ( ! t\rnam5t1 = 9 addition to its o!r virtues1 x possess$ m>vell\s cosmetic p[]s1 increas+ h] beauty to an extraord9>y degree4 ,9 ! t\rney1 ! baffl+ *anges ( color 9 ,sir ,g>e?'s arms & equipm5t confus$ 8 assailants & r5d]$ him m easily victori\s ?an he w\ld o!rwise h be51 good knight t he 04 ,hav+ ridd5 = a mom5t out ( ! press ( knights to adju/ 8 helmet1 :i* _h become loos5$1 a dw>f approa*$ him1 (f]+ a cup ( w9e to qu5* ! knight's ?ir/1 at ! same "t ask+ to hold ! r+ le/ ,sir ,g>e? %\ld let x slip f 8 f+] :ile dr9k+4 ,! knight gave x to him1 b 9 8 eag]ness to jo9 aga9 9 ! affray1 =got to take x back4 ,b n[ 8 armor reta9$ its normal yell[ t9t1 &1 fe>+ recognition1 = x 0 important = him to conceal 8 p]sonality at ?is "t1 he not$ t 8 r+ 0 n on 8 h&4 ,he quickly s\ght ! dw>f & oblig$ him to surr5d] ! magic r+4 ,no soon] 0 x on 8 f+] ?an 8 armor *ang$ color1 & he 0 able to avoid a ?reat5$ pursuit1 z all 7 9 se>* ( ! ,yell[ ,knight4 ,a r+ hav+ magic p[] to protect ! we>] f dang] appe>s 9 ! m$ival romance ( ,sir ,eglamore4 ,! tale appe>s to h be5 kn[n to ,%akespe>e1 to judge f ! l9e3 8,:at ?9k'/ ?\ ( ! fair ,sir ,eglamore10 :i* occurs 9 ,two ,g5tlem5 ( ,v]ona4 ,?is r+ 0 giv5 to ! gallant knight by 8 lady love3#eaj ,!n said ,arnada1 t sweete ?+ 8,h "h ( me a gold r+ ,) a precy\s /one2 ,:]e-soe y bee on wat] or ,l& ,& ?is r+ ^u y\r h& ,no?+ may y slone40#eaa ,sometimes ! virtues ( ! r+ are conceiv$ 9 a poetic _s & are associat$ intimately ) ! giv]1 z we f9d 9 ! romance ( ,ywa9e & ,gaw94 ,"h ! /one set 9 ! r+ giv5 by ,ywa9e protects ! we>] f imprisonm5t1 illness1 loss ( blood1 & dang] 9 battle1 b ! lady tells h] lov] t ?is virtue exi/s 9 ! r+ 8:ile y x h & ?9k on me10 t is1 only s long z 8 love endures4#eab ,t ! magic virtues ( ! images & talismans 7 liable to wane & pass away1 0 taught by ,alb]tus ,magnus1 :o lik5$ ^! p[]s to ^? ( animate objects :i* 7 also transitory4 ,:5 ! p]iod fix$ by heav5 _h come to an end1 ! p[] ( ! image w\ld be brok5 & x w\ld be useless1 cold & dead4 ,?is1 9 8 op9ion1 acc\nt$ = ! fact t _m talismanic figures fail$ to display any efficacy1 al?\gh !y _h done s 9 anci5t times4#eac ,9 ! 8,book ( ,!tel10 z quot$ by ,konrad von ,meg5b]g1#ead "o ( ! engrav$ gems is describ$ z foll[s3 ,a man seat$ ^u a foot/ool1 cr[n$1 & /ret*+ =? 8 h&s to ! heav5s4 ,b5ea? him are f\r m5 appe>+ to support ! /ool4 ,take ma/ic & t]eb9? 7turp5t9e7 & put !m "u ! /one 9 a silv] f+]-r+1 hav+ twelve times ! weight ( ! /one 9 ! r+4 ,if ?is be plac$ b5ea? ! head ( a sleep+ p]son1 he dreams ( :at he long$ = :5 awake4 ,! curi\s /atem5t t ! metal r+ 0 to weigh twelve times z mu* z ! /one1 seems to indicate an influ5ce ( ! sup]/ition 9 reg>d to ! numb] twelve4 ,! ,londesbor\gh ,collection conta9s a r+ :i* repres5ts a toad swall[+ a s]p5t4 ,?is 0 evid5tly us$ z an amulet & ! design seems to h "s connection ) ! curi\s sup]/ition t a s]p5t1 to become a dragon1 mu/ swall[ a s]p5t4 ,a ,greek prov]b1 f\nd 9 ,suidas 7ab4 ! t5? c5tury ,a4,d471 is aptly r5d]$ by ,dryd5 7,edipus1 ,act ,,iii1 sc4 #a7 z foll[s3 ,a s]p5t ne'er becomes a fly+ dragon till he has eat a s]p5t4 ,h5ce ?is r+ comb9$ ! curative or talismanic p[]s attribut$ to ! toad1 ! s]p5t & ! dragon4#eae ,! r+ ( ,/4 ,m>k1 said to h be5 long pres]v$ 9 ! treasury ( ,/4 ,m>k's ca!dral at ,v5ice1 0 believ$ to h be5 acquir$ 9 a miracul\s way4 ,9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,iii 7#abaf-abgb7 ! body ( ! sa9t1 :i* _h be5 tak5 to ! ca!dral1 0 sudd5ly miss$ & no trace ( x c\ld be f\nd4 ,resort 0 !n _h to pray]s & supplications1 & ^! appe> to h be5 answ]$1 = "o day ! sacri/an1 :ile trav]s+ ! nave1 saw an arm em]ge f "o ( ! pill>s4 ,he ha/5$ to report ?is wond]ful ?+ to ! ,doge & ! ca!dral cl]gy1 :o on rea*+ ! build+ became witnesses ( ! miracle4 ,z !y 7 kneel+ rev]5tly be=e ! column ! h& ( ! app>ition op5$ & let fall a r+1 :i* 0 pick$ up by ! ,bi%op ( ,olivolo4 ,at ! same in/ant1 h& & arm disappe>$1 & ! column op5$1 reveal+ 9 its int]ior an iron casket 9 :i* 7 ! lo/ rema9s ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,n _m ye>s lat] ?is r+ s]v$ to give pro( ( an appe>ance ( ! sa9t4 ,"o ,febru>y day a fe>ful /orm arose1 pil+ up ! wat]s ( ! lagoons & ?reat5+ ! de/ruction ( ,v5ice4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! tempe/1 a man approa*$ "o ( ! gondoli]s on ! ,riva dei ,s*iavoni1 ne> ! ca!dral1 & ask$ to be r[$ across ! canal to ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ! gondoli] prote/$ he c\ld n make head aga9/ ! /orm2 he 0 at la/ =c$ to yield to ! importunities ( 8 w\ld-be pass5g]4 ,b :at 0 8 surprise to f9d t 8 boat proce$$ z easily z ?\gh no /orm 7 rag+4 ,on _! arrival at ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore !y 7 jo9$ by ano!r man1 & ! gondoli] 0 n[ direct$ to proce$ to ! ,lido4 ,?is "t 8 reluctance 0 less difficult to ov]come1 al?\gh ! /orm 0 gr[+ worse1 = he felt enc\rag$ by ! ease ) :i* he _h already made "p ( ! j\rney4 ,& sure en\gh 8 long r[ to ! ,lido 0 equally unev5tful4 ,"h a ?ird man jo9$ ! p>ty1 & ! gondoli] 0 told to r[ out betwe5 ! ca/les on ei!r side ( ! entrance into ! op5 ,adriatic4 ,feel+ t he c\ld n[ refuse no?+1 ! gondoli] und]took to accompli% ?is app>5tly impossible task1 & succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! sea4 ,"h !re arose be=e !m a %ip mann$ by ! demons ( ! /orm1 :o 7 /e]+ _! way 9 t[>d ,v5ice1 br++ utt] de/ruction ) !m4 ,& n[ ! ?ree m5 9 ! little boat /ood up & pron\nc$ an exorcism ( su* p[] t ! %ip f\nd]$1 & ! demons1 h[l+ fe>fully1 7 swall[$ up 9 ! deep4 ,imm$iately ! tempe/ 0 /ill$ & ! waves di$ d[n4 ,! gondoli] 0 n[ ord]$ to take 8 pass5g]s back to ! places :]e !y emb>k$1 & :5 ! la/ ( !m1 ! fir/ "o he _h pick$ up1 /epp$ on to ! ,riva dei ,s*iavoni1 he ann\nc$ himself to be ,m>k1 ! ,evangeli/1 & dropp$ a r+ wor? five ducats into ! gondoli]'s h&1 tell+ him to %[ x to ! au?orities & say t x 0 ,/4 ,m>k's r+1 9 pro( ( :i* !y w\ld f9d t its c>efully lock$ receptacle 9 ! ca!dral 0 empty4#eaf ,?is prov$ to be true1 & ! gondoli] receiv$ a lib]al p5sion z a rew>d = hav+ aid$1 h[ev] humbly1 9 ! pres]vation ( ,v5ice by ,/4 ,m>k4#eag ,! m>vell\s r+ ( ,gyges may h sugge/$ to ,abbot ,tri!im1 or ,tri!mius1 ( ,sp&au 7#adfb-aeaf7 ! idea ( fabricat+ a r+ :i* w\ld give ! we>] ! p[] ( becom+ invisible at w4 ,! ,abbot ass]ts t he _h made su* a r+ out ( ! mat]ial call$ electrum1 a natural alloy ( gold & silv]1 hav+ ! color ( amb]4 ,to possess ! requisite p[]1 ! r+ mu/ be ca/ at ! h\r at :i* ! p]son design+ to use x 0 born1 & x %\ld be inscrib$ ) ! ^w 8,tetragrammaton0 signify+ ! f\r lett]s compos+ ! ,ineffable ,"n4 ,:5 ?is r+ 0 plac$ ^u ! ?umb ( ! left h&1 ! we>] imm$iately became invisible4 ,besides ?is virtue1 :5 worn on any f+]1 ! r+ pres]v$ ! we>] f poison & betray$ ! pres5ce ( enemies by *ang+ color4#eah ,r+s be>+ ! ,lat9 inscription 8,jesus autem transi5s p] m$ium illorum0 7,jesus1 h[ev]1 pass+ ?r\gh _! mid/71#eai 7 ?\ght to conf] invisibility ^u ! we>]4 ,?is inscription occurs on ! hoop ( a gold r+ set ) an uncut diamond1 %[n at ! ,special ,exhibition at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,june1 #ahfb4 ,?is motto1 8,jesus autem transi5s10 etc41 0 9 m$ival times reg>d$ z a great *>m aga9/ ! dang]s t m5ac$ a travell] on 8 j\rneys4 ,9 8 qua9t old ,engli%1 ,sir ,john ,m&eville says ( ?is t ^! words 7 sometimes pron\nc$ by 8"s m5 :5 !i dr$5 !m ( !fes on any way1 or ( enemyes1 9 tok5 & mynde t our ,"l pass$ ?r\gh out ( ! ,jews' crueltie & scap$ safely fro hem40 ,on ! gold noble :i* ,edw>d ,,iii _h /ruck 9 commemoration ( 8 victory 9 ! naval battle ( ,helvoet ,sluys 9 #acdj1 & ( 8 escape f ! p]ils he und]w5t !re91 ?is motto appe>s z ! leg5d4#ebj ,lambeccius n>rates t he once told ,emp]or ,leopold ,i 7#afeg-afge7 ( a magic gold r+1 said to h be5 long pres]v$ 9 ! ,au/rian treasury1 & ^: special virtue 0 t x c\ld be us$ z an oracle to =etell ! results ( an approa*+ battle4 ,if victory 0 to cr[n ! ,au/rian army1 ?is r+ w\ld %9e ) an unwont$ spl5dor4 ,x 0 said to be made f ! gold (f]$ by ! ,magi to ! ,infant ,jesus4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 sacr$ c]emonies 7 be+ p]=m$ be=e ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick1 gr&son ( ,rudolph ,i41 j be=e 8 dep>ture = a disa/r\s battle ) ,l\is ( ,bav>ia1 ! r+ vani%$ f ! eyes ( man4 ,lat]1 x 0 said to h be5 recov]$ & ,lambeccius sugge/$ t a r+ he _h rec5tly obs]v$ 9 ! treasury1 be>+ c]ta9 *>act]s difficult ( int]pretation1 might be ! r+ made f ! (f]+ ( ! ,magi4#eba ,! om5 ( victory obs]vable 9 ?is r+ mu/ h be5 sugge/$ by :at ,josephus writes ( ! high-prie/'s brea/plate4 ,accord+ to 8 /ory 8,god ann\nc$ victory 9 battle0 by means ( ! twelve /ones set 9 ?is brea/plate1 & he proce$s 8su* a spl5d\r %one f !m :5 ! army 0 n yet 9 motion1 t all ! p knew ,god himself 0 pres5t to aid !m40 ,a magic r+ 0 made 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury by a ,flor5t9e monk1 nam$ ,nicolaus2 ?is 0 design$ to drive away gnats4 ,x bore a *>m$ figure execut$ dur+ ! asc5d5cy ( ! planet ,saturn4 ,! *>m is said to h work$ successfully4 ,s9ce ,saturn 0 usually reg>d$ z a be>] ( ill-luck1 ! op]ation ( ! magic figure mu/ h dep5d$ ^u sympa!tic magic1 ! enli/+ ( ! help ( an evil p[] to combat a nature-plague4#ebb ,x is relat$ t long ago 9 ! ,pr9cipality ( ,anhalt1 a pr9cess _h ! habit ( go+ to ! w9d[ aft] d9n] & %ak+ out ! crumbs f h] napk94 ,int5tion or *ance induc$ a great toad to /ation itself "u ?is w9d[ s z to eat up ! preci\s crumbs4 ,9 due "t ! pr9cess 0 w$d$1 & "o night1 %ortly be=e ! bir? ( a *ild1 %e saw a maid ent] ! room ) a light$ c&le 9 h] h&4 ,approa*+ ! b$side %e h&$ a gold r+ to ! pr9cess1 tell+ h] at ! same "t t x 0 s5t by ! toad1 out ( gratitude = ! food %e _h giv5 x1 ) ! e>ne/ w>n+ to gu>d ! r+ c>efully1 z ! =tunes ( ,anhalt 7 b\nd up ) x4 ,moreov]1 e precaution 0 to be tak5 on ,*ri/mas ,eve to gu>d aga9/ fire4#ebc ,x is /at$ t ?is r+ 0 /ill to be se5 9 ,dessau 9 #agbb1 & t x 0 cu/om>y to put out all ! fires 9 ! palace on ,*ri/mas ,eve1 & to h wat*m5 patrol ! build+ all ?r\gh ! night4#ebd ,a lum9\s r+ is poetically describ$ 9 ,titus ,&ronicus1 a play some:at d\btfully attribut$ to ,%akespe>e :o probably m]ely revis$ & embelli%$1 9 or ab\t #aeij1 an orig9al f "s o!r h&4 ,9 any case1 ! l9es ref]r+ to ! lum9\s /one are highly expressive4 ,aft] ! murd] ( ,bassianus1 ,m>tius se>*es 9 ! dep?s ( a d>k pit = ! dead body & sudd5ly cries out to 8 companion1 ,qu9tus1 t he has discov]$ ! bloody corpse4 ,z ! int]ior ( ! pit is pit*-d>k1 ,qu9tus c sc>cely believe :at he he>s1 & asks ,m>tius h[ ! latt] c\ld possibly see :at he has describ$4 ,! answ] is giv5 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 ,m>tius1 ,^u 8 bloody f+] he do? we> ,a preci\s r+1 t light5s all ! hole1 ,:i* l a tap] 9 "s monum5t1 ,do? %9e ^u ! dead man's e>?y *eek1 ,& %[ ! ragg$ entrails ( ?is pit4 ,titus ,&ronicus1 ,act ,,ii1 ,sc4 #d4 ,= ! sup]/iti\s among c]ta9 ,ori5tal peoples any injury to an amulet-r+ 0 look$ ^u z a sure presage ( com+ mis=tune4 ,x is relat$ ( a ,turk 9 ! t[n ( ,jablanica1 ,bosnia1 t hav+ brok5 8 amulet-r+1 he />t$ out =?) on an ardu\s t5-h\rs' j\rney to ,mo/>1 ! ne>e/ place :]e 8 r+ c\ld be repair$1 & he no d\bt pursu$ 8 way 9 fe> & trembl+ le/ ! ?reat5$ ill-=tune %\ld befall him ere he rea*$ ! goldsmi? :o c\ld m5d 8 r+ & ?us re/ore its virtue4#ebe ,9 ! ,national ,hung>ian ,museum at ,budape/ is a silv] r+ set ) a c>nelian1 on :i* are engrav$ ,ori5tal *>act]s4 ,?is 0 f\nd1 9 #ahab1 9 ! g>d5 ( ! royal palace at ,budape/4 ,r+s ( a simil> k9d are (t5 worn by ,turks & ,arabs1 & are greatly valu$ z talismans1 z !y are believ$ to af=d ! we>]s protection 9 battle1 9 ! *ase1 & :5 indulg+ 9 dissipation4#ebf ,! r+ ) its smoo? circle1 hav+ nei!r beg9n+ nor end1 is a fit symbol ( et]nity1 & is (t5 figur$ 9 ?is connection2 & yet its mat]ial sub/ance is transitory4 ,?is aspect is illu/rat$ by ! ,ea/]n /ory t a wise man & favorite ( a k+ once gave him a r+ on :i* 0 ! inscription3 8,ev5 ?is %all pass away40 ,9 be/[+ x ^u ! k+1 ! sage said3 8,:5 9 dire di/ress y\r s\l is weigh$ d[n ) tr\ble1 look at ?is r+6 ,:5 9 ! mid/ ( fe/ivities1 joy & wild hil>ity1 look at ?is r+6 ,ev5 ?is %all pass away40#ebg ,9 an illu/rat$ "w on anci5t jades1 9 two qu>to volumes1 publi%$ 9 #ahhi by ! well-kn[n s*ol> & /atesman1 ,wu ,ta-*5g 7b4 #ahcc71 ?is writ] conjectures t ar*]'s r+s ( :ite jade 7 res]v$ = ! emp]or's use4 ,at ! pres5t day r+s ( ?is type are made 9 ,pek+ f ! antl] ( a species ( elk4 ,! ,ca?olic mission>y1 ,fa!r ,zi1 /ates t ! r+s mo/ highly valu$ are ^? made out ( jade ( ! ,han p]iod 7,han y71 ( a :ite gray ) r$ ve9+ & gre5 /ripes4 ,r+s f\nd 9 ! graves ( /ud5ts :o h pass$ ! milit>y exam9ations are ( r$di% hue1 & ! op9ion prevails t !y af=d protection aga9/ malevol5t spirits4#ebh ,9 ! symbolism ( ! r+1 ! complete circle is reg>d$ by ! ,*9ese z d5ot+ ! comb9ation ( all div9e pr9ciples1 z ^! are suppos$ to move 9 an ev]la/+ & unbrok5 circle1 hav+ nei!r beg9n+ nor end4 ,an evil significance1 h[ev]1 atta*es to an incomplete or half-r+1 call$ keh1 a s\nd t means 8to cut (f1 to slay2 to pass s5t5ce2 to decide1 to settle40 ,an e>ly in/ance ( ! use ( su* a r+ to signify bani%m5t is relat$ ( ! ,pr9ce ,%n-%ng ^: fa!r s5t him on a fatal milit>y exp$ition 9 #fei ,b4,c41 at ! in/igation ( "o ( 8 concub9es4 ,?is r+1 :i* 0 atta*$ to a girdle1 0 equival5t to a =mal decree t ! pr9ce 0 ca/ (f & %\ld nev] return4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! ambiguity ( ,*9ese spok5 & writt5 words1 a half-r+ or at lea/ "o n describ+ a clos$ circle is said to h be5 worn at "o "t by ,*9ese s*ol>s1 because "o ( ! mean+s ( ! s\nd keh is 8to decide10 z has be5 not$ above4#ebi ,! ,*9ese writ] ,pan ,ku 7d4 #ib ,a4,d47 says t ^? :o cultivat$ moral conduct )\t end1 wore a complete r+ susp5d$ f ! girdle1 :ile ^? able to decide que/ions ( av]sion & d\bt1 wore half-r+s1 ?is be+ aga9 a symbolic use ( ! d\ble mean+ ( keh4 ,z ! ,*9ese ^w signify+ 8a jade-r+0 has ! same s\nd 7huan7 z ! ^w mean+ 8to return1 to repay10 & is express$ ) ! same phonetic symbol1 ! s5d+ ( su* a r+ by an emp]or to an exil$ (ficial 0 a symbolic summons = ! (ficial to return4 ,h[ev]1 a jade-r+ c\ld also be a signal = besieg+ a city1 s9ce ! syllable huan c mean 8an enclos+ wall40#ecj ,z an illu/ration1 ! ^w 8r+10 a r+2 & 8r+10 imp]ative ( 8to r+10 might make ! s5d+ ( a r+ to a bell-r+] signify t he %\ld let 8 bells peal =?4 ,q a numb] ( f9ely-execut$ gold r+s1 ) or )\t sett+s1 z well z o!r pieces ( jewelry1 are made by ,*9ese goldsmi?s 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,silv] is nev] us$4 ,seal r+s are occasionally made2 ! favorite sett+ is jade1 next to :i* comes ! opal2 diamonds are also us$ = ?is purpose4 ,no w$d+ r+s are giv51 al?\gh ! be/[al ( a r+ z a gift is highly appreciat$4 ,! prices range f #f = a pla9 gold r+ to f #bj to #bjj = "o ( m&>9-/yle1 set ) a piece ( jade4 ,sometimes %ort inscriptions are engrav$ on r+s1 su* z 8,long ,life10 or 8,beautiful40#eca ,9 ! plate repres5t+ ! int]ior ( a ,*9ese jewell]'s %op 9 ,san ,francisco1 ! proprietor ( ! place is %[n seat$ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,none ( ! artisans1 h[ev]1 7 will+ to face ! cam]a1 ei!r f sup]/iti\s dread ( hav+ _! pictures tak51 or p]haps ?r\gh fe> ( be+ mole/$ 9 "s way by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,photograph by ,c>d9ell-,v9c5t ,co41 ,san ,francisco ,,%op ,,( ,a ,,*9ese ,,silv]smi? ,,9 ,,san ,,francisco ,z ! work]s 7 unwill+ to h _! pictures tak51 ! only figure is t ( ! proprietor ,illu/ration3 ,,mod]n ,,*9ese ,,r+s ,illu/ration3 ,inset r+ /ones4 #a1 moss agate 9 d>k gray jasp]2 #b1 g>net 9 *alc$ony2 #c1 alm&9e g>net 9 br[ni% *alc$ony2 #d1 aquam>9e 9 r$ jasp]2 #e1 s>donyx2 #f1 topaz 9 lapis-lazuli2 #g1 b&$ agate4 ,"p ( a collection ( r+s t all fit 9 "o sett+4 ,see page #fe ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory ,illu/ration3 ,spiral brass r+s made 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,city ,:5 ! n9e gems ( ! great ,h9du *>m1 ! naoratna1 are set 9 r+s1 ! ,burmese usage is to place ! ruby 9 ! c5tre1 & gr\p ar\nd x ! eight o!r /ones4 ,r+s ( ?is description 7 worn by ,burmese k+s & nobles z prev5tives ( disease or dang]4 ,sometimes an incantation is recit$ ov] ^! n9e /ones1 :i* are !n imm]s$ 9 wat]1 ! belief be+ t :oev] dr9ks ( ?is wat] w secure immunity f all evil4#ecb ,9 ! ma/]piece ( ,h9du dramatic lit]ature1 ! akuntal ( ! poet ,klidsa1 writt5 ab\t ! six? c5tury ( our era1 a r+ plays a mo/ important "p4 ,! h]o9e1 ! daught] ( ! nymph ,m5ak & ! sage ,vivamitra1 has _h x =etold to h] t ! man :o loves & m>ries h] w entirely =get h]1 until 8 love & memory are reviv$ by a r+4 ,9 due "t %e is belov$ ( ! ,k+ ,du%yanta1 :o m>ries h]1 b soon leaves h]1 to return to 8 c\rt4 ,:5 %e foll[s him ?i!r he fails to recognize h]4 ,!reupon %e rememb]s :at _h be5 pr$ict$ 9 reg>d to a r+1 b f9ds to h] dismay t ! "o ! ,k+ gave h] has be5 lo/4 ,9 ! next act ( ! play a fi%]man is dragg$ 9 by gu>ds :o *>ge him ) hav+ 9 8 possession ! royal signet-r+ & ) hav+ inv5t$ ! tale t he f\nd x inside a fi%4 ,! k+1 h[ev]1 admits ! tru? ( ! /ory1 rew>ds ! fi%]man1 & gladly receives ! r+4 ,z soon z he places x on 8 f+] he recognizes 8 bride & 8 love = h] is r5ew$4#ecc ,! ,kh$ive ,tewfik ,pa%a relat$1 ab\t #ahhj1 8 exp]i5ce ) a c]ta9 ,ahm$ ,agha1 a ,turk1 :o possess$ a magic r+4 ,x 0 a pla9 hoop ( gold set ) a r$ /one 7probably a c>nelian71 & 0 said to h come f ,mecca4 ,! ,turk claim$ t by its help visions c\ld be se51 & ! ,kh$ive cons5t$ to make a te/ ( ! r+'s virtue4 ,ahm$ said t he requir$ = ! exp]im5t ! assi/ance ( a *ild "u t5 ye>s ( age1 :]eupon ! ,kh$ive summon$ a little girl f ! h>em to act z assi/ant1 or we might r say pr9cipal4 ,! ,turk atta*$ to ?is girl's head a silv] plate on :i* a v]se ( ! ,koran 0 engrav$1 & plac$ 9 h] h& ! my/ic r+ ) ! r$ /one :i*1 he decl>$1 w\ld *ange f r$ to :ite if ! exp]im5t 0 to be successful4 ,a few mom5ts aft] ! prep>ation _h be5 made1 ! girl cri$ out3 8,! /one has *ang$ to :ite40 ,h]eupon ! ,kh$ive ask$ h] to describe a numb] ( p]sons %e _h nev] se51 & %e inv>iably gave correct answ]s4 ,tewfik 0 s mu* impress$ by ! exp]im5t t he exclaim$3 8,i c believe x1 & yet ,i _c und]/& x40 ,a few days lat] he s5t ^w to ! ,turk t he wi%$ to borr[ ! r+1 b ! man bes\ght him n to take x away4 ,an (f] ( #ajj f a c\rt noble 0 also refus$4 ,f9ally1 ,ahm$ 0 summon$ to ! c\rt & ! ,kh$ive aga9 urg$ him to surr5d] ! r+1 b :5 he repeat$ 8 pray]s t x %\ld n be tak5 f him ! ,kh$ive lo/ pati5ce & said to him3 8,y are mi/ak5 9 ?9k+ t ,i believe 9 ! p[] ( y\r r+ or 9 ?+s ( t k9d4 ,i wi% y good morn+40 ,poor ,ahm$ 0 only too glad to get (f s easily & he left ,cairo nev] to return !re4#ecd ,9 ?is case1 z 9 _m o!rs1 a *ange ( color is ass]t$ to take place 9 ! /one1 an indication t ! m9]al sub/ance responds to "s impression f )\t4 ,x is z ?\gh "p ( ! virtue ( ! /one _h left x1 = ) a color$ /one we might say1 9 a poetic s5se1 t its color is its life & s\l4 ,h5ce 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance ! loss ( color 0 probably ?\ght to indicate t "s 9-dwell+ _s _h pass$ f ! /one to ! little girl & dictat$ h] responses2 possibly if ! r+ 7 arrang$ ) "s me*anical or holl[ space a color$ foil c\ld be press$ "u ! :ite /one1 or a liquid pass$ "u x1 giv+ ! delusion ( ! *ange f :ite to r$ & r$ to :ite4 ,9 ,sc&9avia1 c>nelians 7 us$ z r+-/ones 9 v e>ly times2 a f9e specim5 ( su* a r+ 0 f\nd 9 ,y/$1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,scania1 & ano!r at ,v]dal51 ,norway4 ,t ^! 7 cr$it$ ) p[] z amulets seems highly probable1 = "s ( ! e>ly ,norse r+s 7 s highly valu$ by _! own]s t !y 7 designat$ by individual names4 ,?us we are told ( a gold r+ nam$ ,hnit$1 8,! ,weld$10 :i* 0 giv5 z a preci\s gift by ,ulf ! ,r$ to ,k+ ,olaf4 ,?is p>ticul> r+ 0 weld$ toge!r f sev5 pieces ( exceptionally pure gold1 ! numb] ( pieces evid5tly hav+ a my/ic significance4#ece ,!re is or 0 a sup]/ition among ! ,sw$i% ,lapps t at times1 on ! lonely moorl&s1 might be se5 vision>y h]ds ( re9de]1 packs ( dogs1 or ev5 app>itions hav+ ! =m ( ,lapl&]s4 ,:5 "o :o sees any su* objects goes 9 pursuit ( !m1 !y disappe> be=e !y c be rea*$2 if1 h[ev]1 :ile !y are /ill visible a /eel or brass r+ is ?r[n at !m1 !y imm$iately become real liv+ creatures4 ,popul> leg5d ev5 has to tell ( m5 or wom5 :o 9 ?is way h secur$ wives or husb&s1 respectively1 9 reality *angel+s1 trolls1 app>5tly or really trans=m$ into human be+s4#ecf ,an onyx r+ is made ! cause ( a s]ies ( wond]ful transmigrations 9 an old-fa%ion$ tale writt5 ab\t #ahdj by ,john ,/]l+1 ( :om ,?omas ,c>lyle has left u a mo/ int]e/+ biography4#ecg ,9 ?is /ory1 ! h]o1 a "y b>ri/] disc\rag$ 9 8 pr(ession & disappo9t$ 9 love1 f9ds himself "o night 9 an exceptionally depress$ frame ( m9d4 ,op5+1 at *ance1 an old necromantic "w1 he is fasc9at$1 p]haps hypnotiz$1 by ! vaguely my/ic s5t5ces1 & is sc>cely a/oni%$ to p]ceive1 /&+ be=e him 9 8 des]t$ room1 :at appe>s to be ! figure ( an ag$ man1 :o 9 ! mo/-approv$ magician fa%ion (f]s him an onyx r+1 engrav$ ) ! head ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 & ( su* virtue t if he puts x on ! =ef+] ( 8 "r h&1 he w be able to transf] himself into ! body ( any exi/+ p]sonage4 ,8 id5tification ) ! new p]sonality w inde$ be s complete1 t 8 old exi/5ce w be entirely =gott54 ,?is is to la/ = a week1 at ! expiration ( :i* 8 memory w sudd5ly be reviv$ = a %ort "t1 & he w h ! *oice to rema9 z he is1 to *ange 8 fle%ly tab]nacle aga91 or to return to 8 own body4 ,9 ! la/-nam$ case1 h[ev]1 8 special p[] w be tak5 f him1 & he mu/ cont9ue 9 8 own =m4 ,! (f] is accept$ & a s]ies ( transmigrations beg9s1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! h]o becomes 9 turn a b>onet1 a f>m]1 a travel]1 a div9e1 a poet1 a political re=m] & an old basket-mak]4 ,9 ?is la/ avat> he is involunt>ily =c$ to return to 8 own body1 = ! basket-mak] dies be=e ! week is up4 ,! v>i\s *>act]s ?r\gh ^: lives he passes belong to 8 imm$iate neighborhood1 & ! slight plot ( ! /ory c ?us be c>ri$ =w>d )\t int]ruption4 ,:5 at la/ ! b>ri/] comes to himself1 he has j recov]$ f a long p]iod ( unconsci\sness1 & !re is a little int5tional unc]ta9ty :e!r ! vision & its consequ5ces really took place1 or 7 only ! products ( a fev]$ m9d4 ,among ! old basket-mak]'s effects is f\nd an onyx r+ enclos$ 9 an old box & engrav$ ) a man's head4 ,! great] "p ( ! spl5did preci\s /ones 9 ! collection ( ! ,engli% bank] ,h5ry ,philip ,hope 7 set 9 r+s4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! gems 0 ! beautiful sapphire (t5 call$ 8,le ,saphire ,m]veilleux10 ! title ( a /ory writt5 by ,mme4 de ,g5lis1 :o _h se5 ! /one :5 x =m$ "p ( ! collection ( ! ,duke ( ,orleans4 ,its peculi> *>m is t its color *anges :5 se5 by artificial light4 ,9 daylight x is a beautiful sapphire blue1 b by c&le light1 or o!r yell[ light x acquires an ame?y/9e hue4#ech ,?is f9e sapphire1 int]e/+ bo? = its r>e di*roism & its hi/oric associations1 0 sold ab\t #ahih = #gjj 7#cejj74 ,x weighs #ai metric c>ats4 ,ano!r attractive gem 9 ! ,hope ,collection is a cabo*on-cut ame?y/1 engrav$ 9 intaglio ) ! figure ( a ,bac*ante c>ry+ a ?yrsus4 ,at ! back ( ! /one are two /rata ( diff]5t colors1 "o a :iti% gray1 ! o!r %[+ br[n spots on a velvet gr\nd4 ,?is peculi>ity has be5 skilfully utiliz$ by ! engrav]1 :o has cut on ! /one ! =m ( a pan!r 9 relief4#eci ,! s-call$ 8,p5nsylvania ,dut*10 l>gely ,g]mans f ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,g]many1 made1 9 ! e>ly days1 r+s out ( horse%oe nails4#edj ,! good-luck suppos$ to be inh]5t 9 ! horse%oe 0 probably believ$ to ext5d to ! deta*able nails also1 s t ^! r+s might h be5 look$ ^u z end[$ ) magic or talismanic virtue4 ,"l ,bacon 7#aefa-afbf7 9 8 8,sylva ,sylv>um10 publi%$ 9 #afbf1 sugge/s a curi\s te/ ( telepa?y4 ,?is is t two p>ties to an agreem5t or contract1 %\ld ex*ange r+s1 ea* we>+ ! o!r's r+1 & !y are !n to note :e!r1 9 case ! contract or promise %\ld be brok5 by "o ( ! p>ties1 ! o!r w\ld become s5sible ( ?is by means ( an influ5ce transmitt$ ?r\gh ! r+4 ,he adds t x has be5 reg>d$ z a help to ! cont9uance ( love to we> a r+ or a bracelet ( ! lov$ "o1 b he believes t 8?is may proce$ f excit+ ! magnetism1 :i*1 p]haps1 a glove1 or o!r l fav\r1 might d z well40 ,! peculi> inh]5t virtue ( a r+ giv5 by1 or ex*ang$ )1 a lov$ p]son1 r5d]s x f> m priz$ ?an a m]ely beautiful or co/ly r+4 ,:ile we may reg>d z sup]/ition any fancy t ! mat]ial r+ possesses any magic quality1 t l5t to x by association or by memory is none ! less real ?\gh x is only 9 ! bra9 or he>t ( ! we>]4 ,! effect ( ?is association ( a r+ or o!r jewel ) a p]son is also to be se5 9 ! case ( r+s be/[$ by royal p]sonages z tok5s ( gratitude or favor4 ,9 old5 times !y 7 (t5 reg>d$ z amulets & believ$ to transf] some?+ ( ! p[] or g5ius ( ! be/[] to ! recipi5t4 ,inde$ ! qualities 7 conceiv$ to h embodi$ !mselves 9 ! ornam5t1 :i* 0 !re=e h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation z a preci\s h]itage1 "o sure to br+ good =tune to ! we>]4 ,9 ! case ( lov]s ! tok5 s]v$ z a connect+ l9k1 transmitt+ & transfus+ ! love s5tim5t4#eda ,besides ! zodiacal1 or natal r+s1 !re 7 also made 9 m$ival times a numb] ( planet>y r+s1 ! metal suppos$ to be especially "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ,sun1 ,moon or five planets kn[n to ! anci5t _w1 be+ 9 ea* case *os5 z ! mat]ial = ! r+ ( ! special planet4 ,^! r+s 7 frequ5tly set ) ! preci\s /one assign$ to ! planet1 & ?us a s]ies 0 obta9$ ( sev5 r+s1 ea* ( a diff]5t metal & set ) a diff]5t /one4 ,! sun-r+ 0 ( gold ) diamond or sapphire2 ! silv] moon-r+ bore a rock cry/al or a moon/one2 ! r+ ( ,m>s 0 ( iron set ) an em]ald2 = ,m]cury1 ! r+ 0 ( quicksilv] & bore a piece ( magnetic iron2 ,jupit]'s 0 ( t91 ! sett+ be+ a c>nelian2 copp] 01 ( c\rse1 ! mat]ial ( ! ,v5us-r+ 7cyprium1 copp]1 be+ sacr$ to ! ,cyprian goddess71 & ! /one 0 an ame?y/2 la/ly1 ! ,saturnian r+ 0 ( lead & _h = sett+ a turquoise4 ,"s ( ! appropriate r+s & /ones to be worn by ^? :o hope to attract to !mselves ! favorable influ5ces ( ,sun1 ,moon1 & planets1 are giv5 9 ! ,syro-,arabic "w ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury on ! my/ic pot5cies ( /ones1 put =? "u ! "n ( ,ari/otle4 ,= ! ,sun ! /one is rock cry/al1 :i* mu/ be set 9 a gold r+2 ,m]cury's influ5ce is secur$ by we>+ a piece ( magnetite 9 an electrum sett+1 & = ^? wi%+ ! help ( ! ,moon1 "o ( ! v>ieties ( onyx is recomm5d$1 silv] be+ ! metal 9 :i* x is to be set4#edb ,illu/ration3 ,,gold ,,zodiac ,,r+1 ,,probably ,,made ,,on ,,! ,,we/ ,,coa/ ,,( ,,africa ,,9 ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,zodiacal ,,r+ ,,( ,,silv]2 ,,f\r ,,views4 ,,set ,,) ,,an ,,engrav$ ,,onyx4 ,,on ,,! ,,sides ,,are ,,*as$ ,,! ,,signs ,,leo ,,& ,,canc]1 ,,& ,,! ,,%\ld]s ,,( ,,! ,,hoop ,,are ,,inlaid ,,) ,,brass ,,& ,,iron1 ,,respectively ,gorlu1 ,dactylio!ca1 ,delphis ,bat41 #afja ,illu/ration3 ,amulet r+ ( ,twelf? ,c5tury1 engrav$ ) cabali/ic *>act]s ,edw>ds' 8,hi/ory & ,poetry ( ,f+] ,r+s0 ,illu/ration3 ,talismanic r+1 ) cabali/ic inscription4 ,f\nd on coa/ ( ,glamorgan%ire1 ,wales ,r+s inscrib$ ) names ( ,?ree ,k+s1 or ,magi3 ,mel*ior1 ,jasp] & ,bal?az>4 ,worn z talismanic r+s ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 toad swall[+ a s]p5t2 #b1 toad/one ) emboss$ figure ( toad2 #c1 massive ?umb-r+ set ) tee? ( an animal ,londesbor\gh ,collection ,fairbolt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,illu/ration3 #a1 talismanic r+ t op5s :5 ! /one sett+ 7ruby & ame?y/7 is press$ d[n1 releas+ a spr+4 ,hoop inscrib$ ) names ( spirits & magic signs2 #b1 r+ set ) a ruby2 #c1 gold enamel$ r+ said to h belong$ to ,fr$]ick ! ,great ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/0 ,= "s reason or o!r zodiac r+s1 t is r+s be>+ zodiacal symbols1 seem to be especially favor$ by ! mod]n goldsmi?s ( ! ,portuguese isl& ,madeira4 ,occasionally a r+ ( ?is type f e>li] times may be se5 !re2 "o ( ^!1 ( crude workman%ip & mu* ! worse = we>1 has be5 attribut$ to ! "t ( a twelf?-c5tury duke ( ,burgundy1 ^: crusad+ exp$ition did n ext5d mu* beyond ! fronti]s ( ,portugal4#edc ,m ?an likely ,moori% influ5ce1 or t ( ! ,ori5t at lea/1 0 a det]m9+ factor1 = ! /udy ( zodiacal influ5ces 0 eag]ly pursu$ 9 ,spa9 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury & e>li]1 z is witness$ by ! curi\s ,lapid>io ( ,alfonso ,x1 ! ,wise1 compos$ 9 ! latt] half ( t c5tury4 ,! survivance ( ?is /yle 9 ,madeira dep5ds q probably ^u "o ( ^? r inexplicable *ances t cause ! production ( a c]ta9 class ( jewels or ornam5ts1 :5 a curi\s or unusual example /rikes "s t\ri/'s fancy1 & he %[s x to fri5ds at home2 ^! 9 _! turn w ask = x :5 !y g to ! same place1 ?us creat+ a dem& & a local fa%ion4 ,r+s ( ?is k9d are br\ght f ,madeira by sailors & travell+ jewell]s1 & are f\nd at a numb] ( places1 includ+ ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa4 ,_m gold zodiac r+s ( a simple type are made on ! ,gold ,coa/ & br\ght !nce to ,europe4 ,! hoop is a flat b&1 on :i* ! conv5tional symbols ( ! zodiacal signs are sold]$1 scroll bord]s also be+ appli$ 9 ! same way4#edd ,:ile ^! r+s are totally lack+ 9 arti/ic quality1 _! production on ! ,gold ,coa/ may indicate t long ago "s bett] "w ( ! class 0 done "h1 probably "u ,portuguese influ5ce4 ,r+s hold+ truly 8cele/ial /ones10 gems f ! heav5s z !y are call$1 are ^? 9 :i* h be5 set small1 b p]fectly cut *rysolites 7p]idots7 f cry/als f\nd 9 meteorites4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ( ! pallasite type1 f ,br5ham1 ,ki[a ,c\nty1 ,kansas#ede & gems 7 also cut out ( *rysolite f ! meteorite ( ,glorietta ,m\nta91 ,santa ,f ,c\nty1 ,new ,mexico4#edf ,a mo/ attractive k9d ( natal r+ is t hav+ ! bir? /one 9 ! c5tre betwe5 ! /ones ( ! gu>dian angel & ( ! apo/le ( ! mon?4 ,:ile ?is p>ticul> arrangem5t ( ! sett+s is foll[$ 9 ! great] numb] ( cases1 x sometimes happ5s t a bett] arti/ic effect is obta9$1 a bett] h>mony ( color1 by mak+ ei!r ! /one ( ! angel or t ( ! apo/le ! c5tral gem4 ,! ess5tial ?+ is t ! ?ree p>ticul> /ones assign$ to ! giv5 mon? %all be gr\p$ toge!r4 ,! foll[+ table r5d]s x easy to f9d ! prop] comb9ation = ea* mon?1 or ea* zodiacal sign3 ,zodiacal ,natal ,gu>dian ,angel's ,apo/le ,mon? ,sign ,/one ,angel ,gem ( ,mon? ,janu>y ,aqu>ius ,g>net ,gabriel ,onyx ,pet] ,febru>y ,pisces ,ame?y/ ,b>*iel ,jasp] ,&rew ,m>* ,aries ,blood/one ,mal*$iel ,ruby ,james & ,john ,april ,taurus ,diamond or ,a%model ,topaz ,philip ,sapphire ,may ,gem9i ,em]ald ,amriel ,c>buncle ,b>?olomew ,june ,canc] ,agate ,muriel ,em]ald ,?omas ,july ,leo ,turquoise ,v]*iel ,sapphire ,mat!w ,augu/ ,virgo ,c>nelian ,hamatiel ,diamond ,james ! ,less ,septemb] ,libra ,*rysolite ,tsuriel ,jac9? ,?addeus ,octob] ,scorpio ,b]yl ,b>iel ,agate ,simon ,novemb] ,sagitt>ius ,topaz ,adna*iel ,ame?y/ ,mat?ias ,decemb] ,capricornus ,ruby ,humiel ,b]yl ,paul ,apo/le's ,fl[] ,mon? ,gem ( ,mon? ,janu>y ,jasp] ,sn[drop ,febru>y ,c>buncle ,primrose ,m>* ,em]ald ,violet ,april ,c>nelian ,daisy ,may ,*rysolite ,haw?orne ,june ,b]yl ,honeysuckle ,july ,topaz ,wat] ,lily ,augu/ ,s>donyx ,poppy ,septemb] ,*rysoprase ,morn+ ,glory ,octob] ,jac9? ,hops ,novemb] ,ame?y/ ,*rysan!mum ,decemb] ,sapphire ,holly ,if1 l ,apollonius ( ,tyana1#edg anyone %\ld wi% to we> on ea* week day a r+ set ) ! /ones especially appropriate to ! day1 ! foll[+ li/ gives = ! successive days ! pair ( /ones ^: comb9ation 0 believ$ to unite ! mo/ favorable planet>y & cele/ial influ5ces3 ,gem ( ,talismanic ,a/ral ! ,day ,gem ,control ,sunday ,diamond ,pe>l ,sun ,monday ,pe>l ,em]ald ,moon ,tuesday ,ruby ,topaz ,m>s ,w$nesday ,ame?y/ ,turquoise ,m]cury ,?ursday ,c>nelian ,sapphire ,jupit] ,friday ,em]ald ,ruby ,v5us ,saturday ,turquoise ,t\rmal9e ,saturn ,! use ( frat]nity r+s is (t5 connect$ ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( s5tim5t or ev5 sup]/ition conc]n+ _! emblematic value4 ,! mo/ important ( ?is type ( r+s are ^? worn by ! ,free ,masons4 ,! great] numb] ( ,masonic r+s are int5d$ = ^? ,masons :o h atta9$ ! two highe/ degrees1 ! ?irty-second & ! ?irty-?ird2 "s1 h[ev]1 are appropriate to ^? ( ! l[] degrees4 ,! bezels ( ! ,blue ,lodge1 or ,ma/] ,mason r+s1 frequ5tly h ! squ>e compasses & ! latt] ,g 9 gold on a backgr\nd ( blue enamel2 occasionally emblems & p>aph]nalia us$ 9 ! ,lodge are enamell$ 9 blue on ! gold hoops ( ! r+4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( enamel1 ! backgr\nd is =m$ ( sapphire1 blood/one1 or "s o!r /one on :i* ! emblems are encru/$ 9 gold4 ,an example ( ! r+ ( a ,pa/ ,ma/] be>s a rais$ gold sun-face4 ,9 a r+ = ! ,*apt] ( ,royal ,ar* ,masons1 ! key/one is usually enamel$ :ite ) a black circle & :ite c5tre4 ,%r9e ,r+s are di/9ctly ,ori5tal 9 type1 ! prevail+ design %[+ a simit> pass$ betwe5 ! horns ( a cresc5t moon4 ,9 r+s ( ! ,knights ,templ> ! design is usually a cross pass$ ?r\gh a cr[n1 ) ! motto ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great3 ,9 hoc ,signo v9ces4 ,! cross w be ( black enamel 7occasionally ( r$ enamel7 & ! cr[n is gold4 ,a special r+ = ?is ord] has a ,blue ,lodge emblem on "o %\ld] & ! ,*apt] emblem on ! o!r1 & is arrang$ = a diamond to be set 9 ! c5tre ( ! bezel4 ,on a f\rte5? degree r+ 7,lodge ( ,p]fection7 appe>s ! initial ,hebrew lett] 7yod7 ( ! ,tetragrammaton1 or ,ineffable ,"n1 n[ approximately s\nd$ ,yahweh4 ,sometimes ! symbols ( m ?an "o degree appe> on ! r+1 "o example be>+ ^? ( ! f\rte5?1 sixte5?1 eighte5?1 ?irtie? & ?irty-second2 ?is is "o ( ! ,consi/ory r+s1 z ^? = ?irty-second degree ,masons are d5om9at$4 ,^! usually h ! d\ble eagle on ! bezel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,masonic ,,r+s #a1 #c1 ,ma/] ,mason or ,blue ,lodge2 #b1 #d1 ,knights ,templ>2 #e1 8,! ,signet ( ,z]ubbabel10 adopt$ z "o ( ! ,royal ,ar* symbols4 ,expla9$ z ! 8,signet ( ,tru?40 ,see ,haggai1 ii1 #b-c2 #f1 #ad? ,degree1 or ,lodge ( ,p]fection2 #g1 ,emblem ( #ad? ,degree on "o side1 ( #cb;d ,degree on ! o!r2 #h1 #i1 #cb;d ,degree2 #aj1 #ab1 ,my/ic ,%r9e r+s2 #aa1 #cc;d ,degree ,illu/ration3 ,,r+s ,,( ,,ord]s ,,& ,,societies #a1 ,s5ior ,ord] ,unit$ ,am]ican ,me*anics2 #b1 ,knights ( ,columbus4 ,rais$ c5tre emblem on black enamel2 #c1 ,bro!rhood ( ,locomotive ,eng9e]s2 #d1 ,knights ( ! ,maccabees2 #e1 ,ord] ( ,railroad ,telegraph]s2 #f1 ,improv$ ,ord] ( ,r$ ,m52 #g1 ,indep5d5t ,ord] ( ,odd ,fell[s 7encru/$ s>donyx72 #h1 ,frat]nal ,ord] ( ,eagles2 #i1 ,knights ( ,py?ias 7encru/$ s>donyx72 #aj1 ,sons ( ,vet]ans2 #aa1 ,knights ( ,py?ias 7rais$ c5tre emblem on black enamel72 #ab1 ,patriotic ,ord] ,sons ( ,am]ica2 #ac1 ,woodm5 ( ! ,_w2 #ad1 ,improv$ ,ord] ( ,r$ ,m5 7rais$ c5tre72 #ae1 ,junior ,ord] ,unit$ ,am]ican ,me*anics ,! v>iety ( types ( frat]nity r+s is manifold1 mo/ ( ! ord]s hav+ a half-doz5 or m diff]5t r+-designs1 al?\gh c]ta9 di/9ctive elem5ts run ?r\gh all1 z ) ! wide-spread ,b5evol5t ,protective ,ord] ( ,elks1 = in/ance1 on ^: r+s ! elk-head is always conspicu\sly pres5t4 ,= r+s ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 ! anvil1 sword & battleaxe are nev]-fail+ m>ks4 ,! ,bro!rhood ( ,locomotive ,eng9e]s1 a labor organization ( ! highe/ type1 has = its device a locomotive runn+ on a railway track1 ) a telegraph pole at "o side4 ,! ,loyal ,ord] ( ,moose has ! head ( ! patron animal1 less graceful ?an ! elk1 b bett] sugge/+ ! aggressive quality ( ?is ord]4 ,a consid]able v>iety ( designs are repres5t$ among ! r+s worn by ! ,knights ( ,py?ias2 9 mo/ cases a helmet & battleaxes are comb9$ ) a %ield4 ,la/1 b n lea/1 ! ,indep5d5t ,ord] ( ,odd ,fell[s has _m r+s ri* 9 symbols1 ! all-see+ eye1 ! op5 h& ) a he>t 9 x1 a dea?'s-head & cross-bones1 & ev]y:]e1 ! ?ree int]l9k$ r+s *>act]i/ic ( ! ord]4 ,^! are only a few ( ! innum]able +5i\s designs t ,am]ican factories h produc$ to satisfy an ov]:elm+ dem& = frat]nity r+s4 ,= ! lead+ s*ools also1 _m special r+s h be5 execut$ to be us$ z prizes1 or else to meet ! wants ( s*ool frat]nities or sororities4 ,( c\rse1 ! num]\s college frat]nities also frequ5tly use specially design$ r+s z di/+ui%+ emblems4 ,! imm5se numb] ( r+s t mu/ h be5 produc$ = memb]s ( ! l>ge/ societies becomes app>5t :5 we consid] t ! ,indep5d5t ,ord] ( ,odd ,fell[s1 ^: ,engli% f\ndation dates back to ab\t #agde1 n[ has a memb]%ip ( ov] #a1ejj1jjj1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & m ?an #afj1jjj 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ ! memb]%ip ( ! ,daught]s ( ,rebekah1 a cord9ate body ( wom5 numb]+ ab\t #gjj1jjj4 ,ano!r society1 ! ,knights ( ,py?ias1 ?\gh ( comp>atively rec5t organization1 hav+ be5 f\nd$ 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 9 #ahfd1 has ov] #gjj1jjj memb]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,?is ord] has a bran* exclusively = ! color$ race1 d5om9at$ ! ,knights ( ,py?ias ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,europe1 ,asia & ,africa2 its memb]s numb] #ej1jjj4 ,! ,b5evol5t & ,protective ,ord] ( ,elks c\nts #daj1jjj memb]s 9 #acji lodges & ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 a frat]nal & b5evol5t society f\nd$ 9 ,new ,hav5 9 #ahhb1 _h1 on ,july #a1 #aiad1 #cbf1heh memb]s4 ,! memb]%ip ( ! ,greek-lett] frat]nities ( ! univ]sities & colleges 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is enorm\s4 ,9 #aiad !re 7 #ch lead+ frat]nities di/ribut$ 9 #abbh active *apt]s & c\nt+ #b1fef1hag memb]s1 ) #igi frat]nity h\ses4 ,! olde/ ,greek-lett] society1 ,phi ,beta ,kappa1 0 organiz$ at ,william & ,m>y ,college1 ,virg9ia1 9 #aggf2 ,kappa ,alpha 0 f\nd$ at ,union ,college1 9 #ahbg1 ?is be+ ! fir/ frat]nity to be organiz$ accord+ to ! sy/em at pres5t prevail+4 ,! fir/ sorority 0 ,kappa ,alpha ,!ta1 e/abli%$ at ,de ,pauw 9 #ahgj4 ,! sororities n[ h ab\t #ej1jjj memb]s 9 #cie *apt]s4 ,a gem repres5t+ "o ( ! ,/ates is (t5 set 9 a talismanic r+4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! /ones ( ! v>i\s ,/ates 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1--a preci\s or semi-preci\s /one hav+ be5 f\nd 9 e ,/ate3 ,alabama ,b]yl ,arizona ,turquoise ,arkansas ,diamond ,cali=nia ,kunzite ,colorado ,aquam>9e ,connecticut ,b]yl ,delaw>e ,pe>l ,florida ,*alc$ony ,georgia ,ruby ,idaho ,opal ,ill9ois ,pe>l ,indiana ,pe>l ,i[a ,fossil ,coral ,kansas ,*alc$ony ,k5tucky ,pe>l ,l\isiana ,*alc$ony ,ma9e ,topaz ,m>yl& ,or?oclase ,massa*usetts ,b]yl ,mi*igan ,agate ,m9nesota ,*lora/rolite or ,agate ,mississippi ,pe>l ,miss\ri ,pyrite ,montana ,sapphire ,nebraska ,*alc$ony ,nevada ,gold ,qu>tz ,new ,hamp%ire ,g>net ,new ,j]sey ,prehnite ,new ,mexico ,g>net or ,p]idot ,new ,york ,b]yl ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,em]ald ,nor? ,dakota ,agate ,ohio ,*alc$ony ,oklahoma ,smoky ,qu>tz ,oregon ,agate ,p5nsylvania ,sun/one or ,moon/one ,rhode ,isl& ,ame?y/ ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,b]yl ,s\? ,dakota ,agate ,t5nessee ,pe>l ,texas ,agate ,utah ,topaz ,v]mont ,b]yl ,virg9ia ,spess>tite ,wa%+ton ,agate ,we/ ,virg9ia ,rock-cry/al ,wiscons9 ,pe>l ,wyom+ ,moss ,agate ,= full] in=mation conc]n+ natal /ones1 /ones ( ! mon?1 /ones ( ! day1 /ones ( ! week1 /ones ( s5tim5t1 /ones = posy r+s1 = w$d+ anniv]s>ies & simil> occasions1 see ,george ,fr$]ick ,kunz1 8,! ,curi\s ,lore ( ,preci\s ,/ones10 ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott ,company1 ,philadelphia & ,london1 #aiac1 xiv #djf pp41 #eh pl4 7#h 9 color71 _m text cuts4 ,,viii ,,r+s ,,( ,,heal+ ,closely alli$ ) ! magic r+s1 s closely inde$ t x is (t5 difficult to e/abli% a satisfactory di/9ction betwe5 !m1 are ! r+s ( heal+1 ^? to :i* 7 ascrib$ special & peculi> curative p[]s4 ,9 "s in/ances ?is 0 due to a leg5d connect$ ) a p>ticul> r+ or ) ! prototype ( a class ( r+s2 at o!r times ! !rapeutic virtue 0 believ$ to result f ! inscription ( c]ta9 lett]s or words4 ,9 o!r cases1 aga91 ! belief arose f ! =m giv5 to ! r+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 elev5? consulate1 ,augu/us 0 attack$ by a s]i\s illness4 ,none ( ! rem$ies prescrib$ = him 7 ( any avail1 until f9ally he 0 reliev$ by foll[+ ! directions ( ,antonius ,musa1 :o recomm5d$ cold ba?s & cold dr9ks4 ,z a rew>d ,musa 0 grant$ ! privilege ( we>+ gold r+s1 & also receiv$ a l>ge gift ( money f ! grateful emp]or4#edh ,al?\gh ?is r+ 0 n 9 itself a cause ( heal+ x 0 c]ta9ly ! memorial ( a successful cure4 ,a /range rem$y = sneez+ or hicc\gh+1 recomm5d$ by ,pl9y1 0 to transf] a r+ f "o ( ! f+]s ( ! left h& to ! middle f+] ( ! "r h&4#edi ,?is prescription is copi$ f ,pl9y by ! physician ,m>cellus ,empiricus#eej :o says1 h[ev]1 t a r+ %\ld be put on ! middle f+] ( ! left h&1 add+ t ! cure 0 imm$iate4 ,probably ! explanation is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t r+s 7 r>ely worn by ! ,romans on ! middle f+]1 & h5ce ! unusual s5sation produc$ by plac+ a r+ on ?is f+] op]at$ to *eck ! n]v\s spasm caus+ ! sneezes or hicc\ghs4 ,x is well kn[n t any n]v\s %ock1 sometimes a v slight "o1 w suffice to cure su* spasms2 inde$1 ,pl9y also advises ! imm]sion ( ! h& 9 v hot wat]4 ,s9ce liz>ds 7 believ$ to recov] _! sight by natural means aft] !y _h be5 bl9d$1 ?is fancy l$ to ! use ( a /range me?od = procur+ rem$ial r+s4 ,a bl9d$ liz>d 0 put into a glass vessel1 9 :i* iron or gold r+s 7 also plac$4 ,:5 x became app>5t t ! creature _h rega9$ its sight1 ! r+s 7 tak5 out & us$ = ! cure ( weak & weep+ eyes4 ,some?+ ( ! natural =ce t op]at$ to re/ore ! liz>d's vision 0 suppos$ to communicate itself to ! r+s4#eea ,9 a treatise incorrectly attribut$ to ! ,roman physician ,gal5 78,de incantatione071 ! /atem5t is made t ! we>+ ( a r+ set ) a s>d weigh+ tw5ty gra9s w ensure deep & tranquil sleep & give protection aga9/ bad dreams or fe>ful 8visions ( ! night40 ,= n]v\s d]angem5t1 (t5 a cause ( nightm>e1 ,m>cellus ,empiricus1 :o practis$ m$ic9e 9 ! ,roman _w ( ! six? c5tury ,a4,d41 recomm5d$ a f+] r+ made out ( ! ho( ( a rh9oc]os1 ass]t+ t any pati5t suff]+ f 8ob/ruction ( ! n]ves0 w\ld surely exp]i5ce relief by we>+ su* a r+4 ,on ! o!r h& a r+ turn$ out ( rh9oc]os horn 0 suppos$ to h efficacy aga9/ poison & spasms4#eeb ,z a cure = bili\s or inte/9al tr\bles1 ! physician1 ,alex&] ,trallianus 7six? c5tury ,a4,d47 recomm5ds an iron r+ ) an octagonal *aton on :i* %\ld be inscrib$ ! words3 1 1 1 4 8,fly1 fly1 wret*$ bile1 ! swall[ is seek+ !e40#eec ,?is ref]s to ! belief t ! fle% ( ! swall[ 0 a rem$y = ^? suff]+ f colic4 ,a gold r+1 evid5tly ( ,byzant9e orig91 be>s on ! face1 divid$ into six segm5ts1 an invocation to ! sa9ts ,cosmas & ,damian4 ,accord+ to ,ca?olic leg5d ^! sa9ts 7 bro!rs1 ( ,arabian bir?1 :o practis$ m$ic9e 9 gae 9 ,cilicia at ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ z ! patron sa9ts ( physicians & 7 (t5 invok$ by ^? suff]+ f disease4 ,h5ce ?is r+ probably repres5ts a type common 9 ! ,ea/]n ,empire & us$ z a talisman = ! cure or prev5tion ( v>i\s illnesses4 ,we "k t ! ,byzant9es 7 f]v5tly devot$ to ?ree gr\ps ( sa9ts1 reg>d$ z physicians1 ^: fe/ival days 7 ,july #a1 ,novemb] #a1 & ,octob] #ag4eed ,! initial lett]s ( "s magic or religi\s =mula believ$ to op]ate z a *>m1 7 engrav$ on c]ta9 r+s1 z1 = example1 ! f\r ,hebrew lett]s or _! equival5ts 9 ,roman *>act]s1 sometimes dispos$ z foll[s3 a l ------ g a ,?is 0 call$ ! ,%ield ( ,david & 0 believ$ to af=d protection f injury by w\nds1 fire1 etc4 ,! ,hebrew lett]s are ! initials ( ! f\r words3 8,?\1 ,god1 art mighty = ev]40 ,a gold r+ ) a ,runic 7old ,sc&9avian7 inscription 0 own$ by ! ,e>l ( ,ab]de5 9 #ahbg4 ,x _h evid5tly be5 de/9$ = use z an amulet1 ! *>act]s read+ 9 translation z foll[s3 8,:e!r 9 fev] or 9 leprosy1 let ! pati5t be happy & confid5t 9 ! hope ( recov]y40 ,on r+s = we> z protection f ! plague ! favorite inscriptions 7 ,,iesvs--,,m>ia--,,ioseph & ,,ihs ,,nas>5vs ,,rex ,,ivdeortum4#eee ,a massive ?umb-r+ 9 ,mr4 ,hamp]'s possession bore an old ,fr5* leg5d m 9 accord ) true ,*ri/ian piety ?an ! inscription we h not$1 namely3 ,c&u pl]a meleor c]a1 or 8,:5 ,god pleases1 ?+s w be bett]40 ,! curi\sly le>n$ !ologian & natural philosoph]1 ,alb]tus ,magnus 7#aaic-abhj71 ,c\nt ( ,boll/dt1 & ,bi%op ( ,ratisbon1 affirm$ t he _h se5 a sapphire set 9 a r+ remove impurities f ! eyes4 ,he _h also witness$ ! curative effects ( ! /one :5 appli$ to c>buncles1 & decl>es ! common belief t aft] op]at+ su* a cure a sapphire w\ld lose its virtue1 to be entirely false4#eef ,z ! "n c>buncle 7or an?rax z ,alb]tus puts x7 0 giv5 bo? to a boil & to ruby or g>net1 we h "h an in/ance among _m ( ! cures by antipa?y1 ! blue /one cur+ a r$1 inflam$ tumor4 ,%\ld we ne$ pro( t 9 ! ,middle ,ages r+s 7 believ$ to h rem$ial p[]s1 ?is is (f]$ by a passage 9 ! /atutes ( ! ,htel ,dieu ( ,troyes1 dat$ 9 #abfc4 ,"h x is decre$ t ! nuns %\ld n be p]mitt$ to we> r+s set ) preci\s /ones1 except 9 case ( illness4#eeg ,probably 9 ?is ev5t ! appropriate /one 0 select$ by ^? v]s$ 9 ?is bran* ( k1 aft] !y _h det]m9$1 z well z !y 7 able1 ! real nature ( ! disease4 ,if ! own] ( a g>net r+ :o 0 n an exp]t 9 preci\s /ones wi%$ to assure himself ( ! g5u95ess ( 8 g>net1 ! foll[+ r tr\blesome exp]im5t 0 at 8 disposal4 ,he 0 to disrobe1 /ill we>+ 8 r+1 & !n to h 8 body sme>$ ) honey4 ,?is done1 he 0 to lie d[n :]e flies or wasps 7 ab\t4 ,if 9 spite ( ! sweet temptation !y fail$ to light on 8 body1 ?is 0 a pro( t ! g>net 0 g5u9e1 an add$ pro( be+ t :5 he took (f ! g>net r+ ! insects w\ld ha/5 to make up = lo/ "t & suck up ! honey4#eeh ,jac9? z a r+-sett+ 0 said to pres]ve a travell] f all p]ils on 8 j\rney & to make him well receiv$ ev]y:]e4 ,ano!r m]it 0 t he 0 protect$ aga9/ plague & pe/il5ce1 & w\ld enjoy good sleep4#eei ,c]ta9ly if ?is 7 true1 ! travell] c\ld ask = no bett] amulet to be> ab\t ) him on 8 trip4 ,a toad/one set 9 an op5 r+1 s t ! /one c\ld t\* ! sk91 0 ?\ght to give notice ( ! pres5ce ( poison by produc+ a s5sation ( heat 9 ! sk9 at ! po9t ( contact4 ,a r+ made out ( n>:al tusk 0 believ$ to be an effective antidote to poisons4 ,ap>t f ^! mat]ials1 sev]al preci\s or semi-preci\s /ones1 su* z em]alds1 agates1 & also amb] & coral1 7 assum$ to be especially s5sitive to ! approa* ( poison1 s mu* s t :5 worn susp5d$ f ! neck or set 9 r+s1 !y w\ld lose _! natural color1 ?us giv+ timely w>n+ to _! we>]s4#efj ,! e>lie/ notices ( cramp r+s are f entries made 9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,ii 7#acjg-acbg71 record+ ! ,good ,friday gifts ( co9s by ! sov]eign to ! alt>1 ! metal ( :i*1 or else an equival5t quantity ( metal1 0 to be made up into r+s4 ,al?\gh no cramp r+ has be5 pres]v$--at lea/ none conc]n+ :i* !re is any good evid5ce--x has be5 consid]$ probable t x 0 a simple gold hoop4 ,its curative p[] 0 n connect$ ) any image or inscription1 b solely due to ! magic effect ( ! royal bless+4 ,"s old wills conta9 beque/s ( cramp r+s1 or :at we may assume to h be5 su* r+s4 ,?us ,john ,b>et ( ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 9 8 w dat$ 9 #adfc1 left a 8r[und ryng ( ! ,kynges silv]10 t is ( ! silv] co9s ( ! royal (f]+2 ano!r beque/ 9 ! same w is t ( a 8crampe ryng ) blak innamel1 & a "p ( silv] & gilt40 ,a few ye>s lat]1 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 ,edmund ,zee wills to 8 niece a 8gold ryng ) a turkes 7turquoise7 & a crampe ryng ( gold40#efa ,at 8 coronation1 ,edw>d ,,ii ( ,engl& (f]$ at ! high alt> ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey a p\nd weight ( gold1 fa%ion$ ) 8! lik5ess ( a k+ hold+ a r+ 9 8 h&1 to ?is 0 add$ a gold5 image weigh+ eight ounces 7 p\nd71 repres5t+ a pilgrim /ret*+ =? 8 h& to take ! pr(f]$ r+40 ,! (f]+ ( a p\nd ( gold has p]si/$ d[n to mod]n times1 al?\gh ! lat] (f]+s h be5 9 ! =m ( pla9 +ots1 :ile 9 m$ieval times ! sov]eign w\ld h x =m$ into ! sa9tly figure or figures to :i* he paid p>ticul> devotion1 z ,edw>d ,,ii did to ,/4 ,edw>d ! ,confessor4#efb ,illu/ration3 ,massive gold r+ engrav$ ) ! ,w\nds ( ,*ri/4 ,a heal+ talisman2 ,engli%2 ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,f\nd at ,cov5try1 #ahjb ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,edw>d ! ,confessor be/[+ 8 r+ ^u ! begg>4 ,f a tile 9 ! ,*apt] ,h\se at ,we/m9/]4 ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,! sapphire z an eye-/one4 ,! woman po9ts to h] eye1 :i* ! physician is ab\t to relieve by apply+ a sapphire r+ ,johannis de ,cuba1 8,ortus ,sanitatis10 ,/rassburg1 #adhc1 ,de lapidibus1 cap4 cix ,illu/ration3 ,curi\s te/ ( ! g5u95ess ( a g>net set 9 a r+4 ,%\ld ! /one n be an imitation1 flies & wasps w n alight on ! we>]'s body1 ev5 ?\gh x be sme>$ ) oil ,johannis de ,cuba1 8,ortus ,sanitatis10 ,/rassburg1 #adhc1 ,de lapidibus1 cap4 lx ,illu/ration3 ,jewell] (f]+ r+s ,johannis de ,cuba1 8,ortus ,sanitatis10 ,/rassburg1 #adhc1 ,de lapidibus1 cap4 lxv ,^! s-call$ 8cramp-r+s10 long reg>d$ 9 ,engl& z specifics = ! cure ( cramps & convulsions1 & ev5 ( epileptic attacks1 ow$ _! virtue1 z has be5 /at$1 to ! royal bless+4 ,polydore ,v]gil1 writ+ 9 #aecd1 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 ass]ts t ! orig9al cramp-r+ 0 br\ght to ,edw>d ! ,confessor %ortly be=e 8 dea? by "s p]sons :o came f ,j]usalem4 ,?is v r+ _h be5 giv5 by ,edw>d1 _m ye>s be=e1 to a begg>1 :o _h crav$ alms ( ! ,k+ = ! love he bore ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/4 ,! hi/orian appe>s to reg>d ! return ( ! r+ z a w>n+ to ! ,k+ ( 8 approa*+ dea?4 ,:5 ,edw>d 0 int]r$ 9 ,we/m9/]1 ?is r+ 0 plac$ 9 t *ur*1#efc & x became an object ( great v5]ation !re1 = x cur$ ^? suff]+ f p>alysis or epilepsy1 if !y t\*$ x4 ,f ?is "t1 says ,polydore ,v]gil1 ! k+s ( ,engl& adopt$ ! practice ( consecrat+1 on ,good ,friday1 simil> r+s1 :i* receiv$ ! "n ( 8cramp-r+s0 f _! special efficacy4#efd ,confirmation ( ! ex]cise ( ?is rite ( consecration by ,h5ry ,,viii aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* is giv5 by ,&rew ,borde1 :o writes 9 #aedb z foll[s3 8,! ,kynges ( ,engl&e do? hal[e e y]e ,crampe rynges ! :y*e rynges1 worne on ones fyng]1 do! helpe !m ! :y*e ha? ! ,crampe40#efe ,cramp r+s appe> to h be5 consecrat$ by ,h5ry ,,viii bo? be=e & aft] 8 brea* ) ! ,roman ,*ur*1 = 9 #aebi ,anne ,boleyn wrote to ,bi%op ,g>d9]1 !n 9 ,rome1 t %e 0 s5d+ him cramp r+s = himself & c]ta9 ( 8 fri5ds4#eff ,aft] ! dea? ( ,h5ry1 ,bi%op ,g>d9] wrote to ,ridley t he tru/$ ! "y k+ 7,edw>d ,,vi7 w\ld n neglect to cont9ue ! usage4 ,h[ev]1 z we h no in=mation t su* r+s 7 consecrat$ dur+ ,edw>d's reign 7#aedg-aeec71 x seems probable t ! practice 0 discont9u$4#efg ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ,m>y's reign 7#aeec-aeeh71 a special ,lat9 s]vice = ! consecration ( cramp r+s 0 drawn up1 "s extracts f :i* are "h translat$3#efh ,! r+s ly+ 9 "o bas9 or m1 ?is pray] is to be said ov] !m3 8,o ,god1 ! creator ( all cele/ial & t]re/rial creations1 ! re/or] ( ! human race1 & ! be/[] ( all bless+s1 s5d ,?y ,holy ,_s1 ! ,p>aclete1 f heav5 ^u ^! r+s made by ! h& ( man1 & deign to s purify !m by ,?y p[]1 t all ! corruption ( ! envi\s & v5om\s s]p5t be+ expell$1 ! metal creat$ by ,!e 9 ,?y goodness may rema9 unta9t$ by all ! /a9s ( ! enemy4 ,?r\gh ,*ri/1 our ,"l4 ,am540 ,b5$iction3 ,o ,god1 :o 9 e disease ha/ always %[n miracles ( ,?y p[]1 & :o ha/ will$ t r+s %\ld be a pl$ge ( fai? = ,judah1 a prie/ly ornam5t = ,a>on1 a symbol ( a fai?ful cu/odian = ,d>ius1 & a rem$y = v>i\s diseases 9 ?is reign1 graci\sly v\*safe to sanctify & to bless ^! r+s2 t all :o we> !m may be protect$ f ! wiles ( ,satan & arm$ ) ! virtue ( a cele/ial gu>dian%ip2 & t !y %all nei!r be m5ac$ by convulsions nor by dang] ( epilepsy1 b %all f9d by ,?y succor1 alleviation ( all mann] ( diseases4 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r 1 ( ! ,son 1 & ( ! ,holy ,_s 4 ,am54 ,a manuscript own$ by ! late ,c>d9al ,wiseman describ$ ! c]emonies ( ! s]vice "u ?is head+3 8,c]ta9 pray]s to be us$ by ! ,qu5e's ,heighnes 9 ! ,consecration ( ! ,cramp-rynges40 ,!re is also an illum9at$ design %[+ ,que5 ,m>y z %e knelt at ! c]emony1 a di% fill$ ) ! r+s be+ set on ei!r side ( h]4 ,k+ ,philip 0 also pres5t to take "p 9 ! c]emonial1 al?\gh ! ,que5's %>e 9 ! consecration mu/ h be5 reg>d$ z ! pr9cipal "o2 /ill ,philip's f]v5t devotion to ! *ur* ritual f\nd expression "h z else:]e1 = on ent]+ ! *apel he is said to h crept on 8 knees along a c>pet ext5d+ f ! entrance to ! place :]e ! r+s 7 to be bless$4 ,"h a crucifix _h be5 plac$ on a cu%ion1 & ! ,k+1 /ill 9 a kneel+ attitude1 be/[$ 8 royal bless+ on ! r+s4 ,?is int5sely dev\t approa* to !m 0 !n repeat$ by ,que5 ,m>y & ! ladies :o att5d$ h] to ! *apel4#efi ,a talismanic r+ especially valuable = a physician is describ$ by ,konrad von ,meg5b]g4 ,?is is to be ( silv] & set ) a /one be>+ ! figure ( a man ) a bundle ( h]bs hang+ f 8 neck4 ,! we>] is giv5 ! p[] to diagnose diseases1 & he w be able to /an* any hemorrhage1 h[ev] sev]e1 if he only t\* ! affect$ "p ) ! /one4 ,z a natural result1 we le>n t ! physician w ga9 bo? reputation & honors1 & x is relat$ t ,gal51 ! great ,roman m$ical au?ority1 wore su* a r+4#egj ,9 ! 8,ge/a ,romanorum0 is a /ory ( a r+ end[$ ) great rem$ial p[]s3 ,a c]ta9 k+ _h ?ree sons & "o preci\s /one4 ,:5 ! h\r ( 8 dea? _h come1 he reflect$ t 8 sons w\ld dispute = ! possession ( ! /one4 ,n[ he lov$ "o ( 8 ?ree sons bett] ?an ! o!rs1 :]e=e he caus$ ?ree simil> r+s to be made & two glass imitations resembl+ ! preci\s /one2 he !n _h ! ?ree /ones set 9 _! respective r+s4 ,le/ 8 plan %\ld fail1 ! fa!r call$ 8 ?ree sons to him1 & gave to ea* ! r+ de/9$ = him1 giv+ ! be/ "o to ! son he mo/ lov$4 ,aft] ! fa!r's dea? ea* ( ! sons decl>$ t he _h ! r+ ) ! preci\s /one4 ,he>+ ?is1 a sage said3 8,let u make a te/1 = t r+ :i* c cure disease is ! mo/ preci\s40 ,! te/ 0 made1 & two ( ! r+s _h no effect1 b t ) ! preci\s /one cur$ ! disease2 :5ce x became manife/ :i* ( ! sons _h be5 be/ lov$ by 8 fa!r4#ega ,x 0 ?is m$ival tale t sugge/$ to ! ,g]man dramatic poet & critic1 ,less+1 ! celebrat$ p>able ( ! ?ree r+s1 :i* he puts into ! m\? ( ,na?an ! ,sage1#egb 9 answ] to ,salad9's "q z to :e!r ! true religion 0 ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity or ,mohamm$anism4 ,na?an lik5s !m to ! ?ree r+s giv5 by ! fa!r to 8 sons1 ! secret z to :i* 0 ! g5u9e magic r+ be+ hidd5 f !m4 ,pursu+ ! p>able1 he makes ! sons1 aft] ! fa!r's dea?1 br+ _! dispute be=e a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,! judge hav+ he>d ! te/imony1 at fir/ decl>es t x is impossible = him to det]m9e :i* ( ! r+s is ! g5u9e "o2 !n1 aft] a mom5t's ?\ght1 he recalls ! /atem5t t ! he>ts ( all w be drawn t[>d him :o has x1 & asks :i* ( ! bro!rs is mo/ lov$ by ! o!r two4 ,!y are hone/ en\gh to confess 9 turn t ea* loves himself ! be/4 ,!reupon ! judge adj\rns ! case = a few ?\s& ye>s1 dur+ :i* ! race t has %[n ! greate/ virtues w become ! favor$ "o1 & ?us prove t its r+ 0 ! true "o4 ,m$ival sup]/ition did n %r9k f ! belief t "s magicians _h su* p[] ov] ! spirits ( evil t !y c\ld =ce a demon to take up 8 abid+-place 9 a r+1 & r+s ( ?is k9d 7 ?\ght to be p[]ful m$ical amulets4 ,9 classic times also m$ic9e-r+s 7 kn[n & us$1 "o hav+ be5 giv5 by ,augu/us to 8 son-9-law ,agrippa4#egc ,x 0 n uncommon 9 ! ,middle ,ages = a ph>maci/ to make an impression f a signet ^u 8 prescription z a gu>antee t x _h be5 prep>$ by a tru/wor?y p]son4 ,a f9e specim5 ( ?is type ( r+ is "o t belong$ to a c]ta9 ,donob]tus4#egd ,x 0 f\nd at ,/4 ,*amant1 dept4 ,corrze1 9 #ahfg4 ,! mat]ial is gold & ! r+ 0 set ) an antique c>nelian ar\nd :i* is engrav$ on ! gold bezel a circul> inscription signify+ 8,donob]tus has made ?is m$ic9e40 ,! supposition is t1 z 9 s _m cases1 ! functions ( ! physician & ph>maci/ 7 "h ex]cis$ by ! same p]son4#ege ,at ! trial ( ,jeanne d',arc1 h] judges que/ion$ h] closely reg>d+ c]ta9 magic r+s %e 0 ass]t$ to h worn4 ,f ! t5or ( ! que/ions we c inf] t ,jeanne 0 accus$ ( hav+ us$ ! r+s = ! cure ( diseases & also t !y 7 believ$ to h be5 set ) *>m$ /ones4 ,int]rogat$ z to :e!r %e _h any r+s1 ,jeanne repli$3 8,y h "o ( m9e2 give x back to me40 ,%e add$ t ! ,burgundians _h tak5 away ano!r1 & reque/$ t if ! judges _h ! fir/m5tion$ r+ 9 _! possession !y %\ld %[ x to h]4 ,:5 que/ion$ z to :o _h giv5 h] ! r+ tak5 by ! ,burgundians1 ,jeanne answ]$ t %e _h receiv$ x 9 ,domremy1 ei!r f h] fa!r or h] "m1 & t %e believ$ x 0 inscrib$ ) ! names 8,jhesus ,m>ia40 ,%e did n "k :o _h made ! inscription & did n believe !re 0 any /one 9 ! r+4 ,%e /r5u\sly d5i$ ev] hav+ cur$ anyone by means ( h] r+s4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! simple /raight=w>d way 9 :i* ,jeanne refut$ ! accusation ( wit*craft t %e *>g$ h] judges to give to ! *ur* ! r+ 9 _! possession4#egf ,9 #ahjb !re 0 f\nd 9 ,cov5try ,p>k an anci5t gold r+1 weigh+ #a oz41 #ac dwts41 #h gra9s1 & be>+ a numb] ( religi\s designs4 ,9 ! c5tral division 0 depict$ ,*ri/ ris+ f ! tomb1 ! hamm]1 ladd]1 sponge & o!r emblems ( ! ,passion be+ %[n 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,9 two comp>tm5ts on ei!r side 7 grav5 ! five w\nds1 ) ! foll[+ ,old ,engli% leg5ds3 8! well ( ev]la/+ lyffe10 8! well ( con=t10 8! well ( gracy10 8! well ( pity10 8! well ( m]ci40 ,/ill exi/5t traces evid5c$ t black enamel _h be5 us$ 9 ! figure ( ,*ri/1 & r$ enamel to picture ! w\nds & ! drops ( blood4 ,inside ! hoop ran ! foll[+ leg5d3 8,vuln]a qu9q4 dei sunt m$ic9a mei1 pia crux et passio xpi sunt m$ic9a mihi4 ,jasp>1 ,mel*ior1 ,baltas>1 ananyzapta tetragrammaton40 ,! :ole signify+ t ! w\nds & ,passion ( ,*ri/ 7 to s]ve z rem$ial ag5ts = ! we>]1 ! heal+ virtue ( ! r+ be+ /r5g!n$ by ! names ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 by an enigmatic ,gno/ic epi!t1 & by ! tetragrammaton1 or ! f\r ,hebrew lett]s =m+ ! ,ineffable ,"n4 ,a s]ies ( sixte5 m\rn+ r+s 8( fyne ,gold10 bequea!d by ,sir ,edmond ,%aw1 ,ald]man ( ,london1 by 8 w made ab\t #adhg1 7 8to be grav5 ) ! well ( pitie1 ! well ( m]cie1 & ! well ( ev]la/+ life40#egg ,x has be5 conjectur$ t ! names ( ! ,magi1 ! 8,?ree ,k+s10 ,gasp>1 ,mel*ior & ,bal?az>1 :i* n[h]e appe> 9 ! ,scriptures1 may h be5 orig9ally titles or epi!ts ( ,mi?ras1 signify+ respectively 8,:ite ,"o10 8,k+ ( ,light10 & 8,"l ( ,treasures40#egh ,! invocation or inscription ( ^! names 01 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian & m$ival times1 believ$ to h great curative effect1 m especially aga9/ epilepsy1 & h5ce !y 7 (t5 engrav$ on r+s4 ,a numb] ( ^! may be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,cologne ,ca!dral has be5 & /ill is ! great c5tre ( attraction = all devotees ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 = _! rema9s are said to h be5 br\ght !re 9 #aafb f ,milan1 :i!r !y _h be5 miracul\sly convey$ long be=e f ,con/ant9ople4 ,m$ic9al r+s 7 (t5 us$ 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 & "o 0 giv5 to ?is que5 by ,"l ,*ancellor ,hatton4 ,writ+ to ,sir ,?omas ,smi?1 "u date ( ,septemb] #aa1 #aeh-1 ,hatton says3 8,i am likewise bold to recomm5d my mo/ humble duty to our de> mi/ress ,que5 ,elizabe? by ?is lett] & r+1 :i* ha? ! virtue to expell infecti\s airs1 & is 7z x telle? me7 to be worn betwe5 ! sweet duggs1 ! *a/e ne/ ( pure con/ancy4 ,i tru/1 sir1 :5 ! virtue is kn[n1 x %all n be refus$ = ! value40#egi ,?is r co>se flatt]y w\ld n (f5d ! ,virg9 ,que51 :o habitually indulg$ 9 v pla9 speak+4 ,a diamond r+ said by a fai?ful c\rti] to h br\ght him heal? & /r5g? :5 he 0 at dea?'s door1 0 "o s5t by ,k+ ,james ,i to ,?omas ,sackvil1 ,duke ( ,dorset1 ,high ,treasur] bo? "u ,elizabe? & ,james4 ,:51 e>ly 9 ,june1 #afjg1 news 0 br\ght ! k+ t 8 ,treasur] 0 s dang]\sly ill t 8 life 0 despair$ (1 he s5t him a ri* gold r+ set ) tw5ty diamonds1 five ( :i* 7 s dispos$ z to =m a cross4 ,) ! r+ ,james s5t a special message1 express+ ! hope t ,sackvil w\ld recov] & might live z long z ! diamond 9 ! r+ endur$4 ,?is pro( ( 8 sov]eign's favor call$ ! pati5t back to life1 accord+ to 8 own n>ration4#ehj ,convulsions & fits 7 believ$ to be cur$ by r+s made ( a silv] co9 repres5t+ ! value ( a numb] ( small] pieces ( money1 sixp5ces or ev5 p5nies1 collect$ at ! *ur* door f ^? :o _h j be5 pres5t at a communion s]vice4 ,%\ld ?is h tak5 place on ,ea/] ,sunday1 ! value & efficacy ( ! talismanic r+ made f ! (f]+ 7 mu* enhanc$4 ,a less religi\s s\rce = a silv] r+ ( ?is k9d has be5 report$4 ,five ba*elors 7 to contribute a sixp5ce apiece1 & a ba*elor 0 !n to convey ! silv] to a blacksmi? :o 0 also unm>ri$ & :o 0 to make ! r+4 ,an absolute requisite1 h[ev]1 0 t none ( ! volunt>y contributors %\ld h ! slighte/ idea ( ! de/9ation ( 8 sixp5ce4#eha ,= ! cure ( ulc]s1 ,johannes ,agricola advises ! we>+ ( r+s made f solidifi$ quicksilv]1 dur+ a conjunction ( ! moon ) ! planet ,m]cury2 ^! r+s 7 to be worn on ! side opposite to t afflict$ ) ! ulc]4#ehb ,?is might sugge/ "s vague idea ( ! fact t ! "r hemisph]e ( ! bra9 controls ! left side ( ! body1 & vice v]sa1 al?\gh if ! effect ( ! r+ 0 to be transmitt$ by reflex action ( ! bra91 ! /imulus mu/ ( c\rse1 proce$ f ! afflict$ side4 ,x is said t if a rem$ial potion 7 /irr$ ab\t ) ! r+ f+]1 ! he>t w\ld quickly realize ! pres5ce ( poison1 & w\ld ?us give w>n+ aga9/ dr9k+ x2 ! f\r? f+] 0 !re=e sometimes call$ ! 8m$ical f+]40#ehc ,! idea t ! r+ possess$ a my/ic re/ra9+ p[] f9ds expression 9 ! curi\s cu/om ( ! ,bagobos ( ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 :o encircle ! wri/s & ankles ( ! dang]\sly ill ) r+s ( brass wire1 9 ! belief t ^! s]ve to keep ! s\l f tak+ its flight4#ehd ,an analog\s1 al?\gh app>5tly contradictory impulse induces ! ,greek inhabitants ( ! isl& ( ,sc>panto 7,c>pa?us71 ne> ,rhodes1 to take (f all r+s f a dead p]son le/ ! s\l %\ld be b\nd to ! body ev5 aft] dea?2 ! pressure ( a r+ on ! little f+] be+ suffici5t to int]f]e ) ! fre$om ( ! _s4#ehe ,simil> beliefs obta9$ z to ! secret b9d+ p[] ( knots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,a/rolabe ,,r+1 ,,( ,,gold ,two views1 clos$ & op5 ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,physician',s ,,r+ ,,( ,,gold1 ,,) ,,m9ute ,,wat* ,,= ,,c\nt+ ,,! ,,pulse-,,beats ,b5ea? ! wat* is ! mak]'s "n1 ,kossek 9 ,prague4 ,! movem5t is regulat$ by a slide at "o side2 ! hole = ! wat* key is on ! l[] side4 ,enamel$ leaf-"w decoration4 ,two views ,alb]t ,figdor ,collection1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,,wat* ,,r+1 ,,set ,,) ,,diamonds #b4 ,,wat* ,,r+1 ,,set ,,) ,,pe>ls ,%[+ ! dial & ! movem5t ( ! balance /aff ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,,mod]n ,,wat* ,,r+ ,side & front views ,a r+ made f ! ho( ( a wild ass 0 suppos$ to possess m$ic9al virtue1 & "o made f ! ho( ( a rh9oc]os1 if plac$ on ! f+]1 0 believ$ to cure c]ta9 n]v\s disord]s4 ,a r+ ( rh9oc]os-horn 0 a /ill m p[]ful rem$ial ag5t & its we> 0 favor$ 9 ,india z an antidote = poisons & to cure convulsions or spasms4#ehf ,a r+ made f ! ho( ( ! elk possess$ simil> virtues1 & cramps 9 ! legs w\ld be cur$ if ! afflict$ "p 7 m]ely t\*$ ) su* a r+4 ,z to ! mode 9 :i* ! elk-ho( %\ld be us$ = curative r+s = epilepsy1 ! old au?orities diff]$1 ,gocl5ius affirm+ t a piece ( ! ho( %\ld be set 9 a r+1 :ile o!rs believ$ t ! entire r+ %\ld be turn$ out ( ?is mat]ial4 ,! prop] way ( we>+ x 0 to place x on ! f\r? f+]1 s t x c\ld come 9 contact ) ! palm ( ! h&4 ,! *oice ( ! p>ticul> ho( 0 also matt] = debate1 "s favor+ t ( ! left h9d foot & o!rs t ( ! "r "o4 ,r+s set ) tee? ( ! sea-horse 7 recomm5d$ by ,johann ,mi*ales1 a fam\s physician ( ,leipsic4 ,a r+ made ( pure silv]1 ( 8! moon10 z ! a/rolog]s said1 if set 9 a piece ( elk-ho(1 "u ! zodiacal sign ( ,pisces & dur+ a favorable conjunction ( ! planets1 w\ld prove a c]ta9 cure = epilepsy & all bra9 diseases4#ehg ,! ,tyrolean hunt]s h ! same sup]/iti\s fancy z to ! talismanic p[] ( an antelope's too? set 9 a r+ z is 7or 07 held 9 "s o!r p>ts ( ! _w reg>d+ elks' tee? set 9 r+s4 ,( ! ,tyrolean r+s1 f\r examples 7 dispos$ at ! sale 9 ,new ,york 9 #aiac1 ( ! f9e collections ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,drake4#ehh ,a gold r+ specially design$ = a physician's use 9 c\nt+ pulse-beats is to be se5 9 ! collection ( ,dr4 ,alb]t ,figdor1 ,vi5na4 ,x is set ) a wat*1 bel[ :i*1 on ! bezel1 is inscrib$ ! "n ( ! wat*mak]1 ,kossek 9 ,prague4 ,! ap]ture = ! ins]tion ( ! wat* key is on ! l[] side1 & !re is a slide = regulat+ ! movem5t ( ! little timepiece4#ehi ,among heal+ r+s none might be ?\ght to promise bett] results ?an ! 8electric r+s10 made ( an amalgam ( copp] & "s o!r metal1 :i* are sold to a consid]able ext5t1 _! curative p[] be+ suppos$ly d]iv$ f an electric *>ge1 or a g5]ation ( electricity4 ,:atev] good effects may h be5 obs]v$ z a result ( ! use ( su* r+s1 presumably few w\ld be incl9$ to d5y t "o ( ! active ag5ts 9 ! cure 0 ! fai? ( ! we>]1 :i* assur$ly w\ld =tify or supplem5t ! b5eficial effects ( electric emanations1 :]e ! m9d 0 firmly impress$ ) ! conviction t a curative p[] exi/$ 9 ! r+4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,r+ ,,mak+ ,! mod]n me?ods ( r+ manufacture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are f> diff]5t f ^? ( ! pa/1 due to an endeavor to keep pace ) ! gr[? ( ! c\ntry & ) an increase 9 production4 ,ow+ to ! introduction ( mod]n sy/ems1 great quantities ( an article c n[ be sold1 :i*1 ?\gh n pres]v+ ! "* ( ! f9e/ h&iwork1 yet co/ s mu* less to produce t !y c n[ be (f]$ at greatly r$uc$ prices4 ,9 ! manufacture ( ! mod]n r+1 !re is fir/ prep>$ a design1 or ev5 a model4 ,! initial process consi/s 9 cutt+ ?is object exactly z x w appe> :5 x is f9i%$1--or su* p>ts ( x z are made by measure1--on :at is kn[n z a 8hub0 made ( s(t /eel4 ,:5 ! design is f9ally complet$1 x is h>d5$ by heat+ & !n by dipp+ into wat]1 oil or o!r solution4 ,:5 ! metal hub has be5 h>d5$1 x is =c$ into a mass ( s(t /eel by great pressure1 usually hydraulic1 produc+ a die1 z x is t]m$1 on :i* all ! ornam5tation is ! rev]se ( t on ! desir$ object4 ,?is die is !n h>d5$4 ,! die is plac$ on ! /& ( ! drop press1 ! upp]weight /rikes x & =ces ! metal into x2 ?is requires f f\r or five to sev5 or eight op]ations4 ,ea* "t ! metal is /ruck x is anneal$1 !n re/ruck & aga9 anneal$1 until ! r+ is ready = trimm+4 ,?is trimm+ removes all ! sup]flu\s metal1 & ! r+ is !n 9 condition = ! jewell] to b5d x into a complete circle4 ,9 ! manufacture ( _m r+s1 ! metal fir/ receives a special =m4 ,! gold plates are blank$ & roll$ to a def9ite ?ickness accord+ to ! patt]n ( ! r+ desir$1 ! wid? be+ controll$ by screws atta*$ to ! rolls !mselves4 ,to obta9 ! exact wid?1 ! measure 9 :i* x is plac$ c be adju/$ to cut a /rip ( metal f a millimet]1 or ?9n]1 up to sev]al in*es 9 wid?4 ,x is slid ov] a roll & two :eels ) %>p edges sep>ate ! mass ( gold into exactly ! desir$ wid?s4 ,! gauges are s exact z 9 "o in/ance to provide #af v>iations to a millimet]1 approximately #a_/be ( an in*4 ,ano!r screw gauge is s delicate t x c be adju/$ to ! f\r-?\s&? ( an in*4 ,ea* piece is !n put 9 a cutt] exactly ! outl9e ( ! desir$ piece1 :i*1 = a r+1 is usually q flat4 ,! piece ( metal !n drops into a cutt+ box & a numb] c be /ruck out successively by simply rais+ ! press & all[+ ! cutt] to come d[n4 ,! metal is n[ plac$ 9 ano!r roll1 :i*1 9 ! case ( ! signet r+1 rolls ! sides ?9n] ?an ! head4 ,:5 ?is process is complet$ ! product is put 9 a gauge measure :i* measures ! l5g? ( ! r+ f #j4d to size #ac1 on ,all5's /&>d gauge4 ,! ends ( ! metal are !n cut (f s t ! r+ is approximately ! desir$ size1 & ! ends are anneal$ or sold]$ )\t any fur!r op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,production ,,( ,,r+s ,,) ,,preci\s ,,/one ,,sett+s ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,ma*9]y #a1 orig9al blank /ruck f plate ( metal4 #b1 same rais$1 ) claws po9t+ upw>d4 #c1 same r$uc$4 #d1 fir/ /rike ( a "o-piece r+4 #e1 second op]ation4 #f1 ?ird op]ation4 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 successive /ages 9 ! manufacture ( a gall]y = ! r+ ,illu/ration3 ,,successive ,,/ages ,,9 ,,! ,,=mation ,,( ,a ,,r+ 7,,ma*9e ,,made7 ,,f ,,! ,,%ap$1 ,,b5t1 ,,unornam5t$ ,,b> ,,to ,,! ,,f9i%$ ,,r+ ,9 mo/ cases :5 /rik+ a signet-r+1 ! top is n cut out entirely4 ,! gold back+ ( ! /one is left1 & ! head ( ! r+ is /ruck ) a concave space s t :5 ! two sides are br\ght d[n ! space w rema9 flat4 ,= transp>5t /ones1 ! top is cut out ( ! sett+ entirely4 ,:5 ! r+s are f9ally complet$ !y are clean$ by :at is kn[n z a /ripp+ :eel1 ! rev]se ( a plat+ :eel1 :i* removes all ! fire-m>k+s1 & all ! o!r impurities t exi/1 leav+ ! metal clean4 ,! r+s are !n poli%$ by rapidly revolv+ :eels ( hair1--at times1 ( o!r mat]ials4 ,aft] ?is1 ! /ones are set4 ,if ! r+s ne$ engrav+1 !y are !n pass$ to an engrav] & are f9ally poli%$1 leav+ ! metal entirely f9i%$4 ,9 =m] times1 & n[ also1 by h& me?ods "o man w\ld frequ5tly make an entire r+4 ,by mod]n me?ods1 ! r+ passes ?r\gh ! h&s ( a numb] ( work]s3 fir/1 ! blank-mak]1 !n 9 succession ! man :o op]ates ! drop press1 ! jewell]1 ! /one sett]1 ! engrav]1 & f9ally1 ! poli%]4 ,z to ! /ati/ics ( r+-mak+1 ) ! great dem& ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates a s+le factory has produc$ #c1jjj1jjj r+s a ye>1 "s sell+ = less ?an #a4jj ea*1 & on up to #e4jj & #aj4jj ea*2 v occasionally = high] prices1 up to #ej4jj or #fj4jj4 ,rec5tly to fill an ord] = a *a9 ( popul> %ops1 ?is factory turn$ out #b1jjj1jjj r+s to be sold at t5 c5ts apiece4 ,9 ! region ( ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ! ne>by ,attleboro1 ,mass41 ! total value ( ! annual r+ output1 :i* gives employm5t to "s two ?\s& p]sons1 is put at #e1jjj1jjj4 ,9 a factory ( ! l>ge/ k9d1 frequ5tly ! v>i\s p>ts = mak+ up a r+ may be kept 9 small boxes1 because a /amp]1 9 mak+ an intricate r+1 is able to produce m 9 "o day ?an a jewell] c f9i% 9 a week4 ,9 simple r+s1 h[ev]1 ! jewell] f9i%es z _m r+s z ! /amp] c produce 9 a day4 ,!re is no piece ( jewell]y t is m g5]ally worn nor ^: possession causes m joy1 ?an a f+] r+4 ,& ! prop] fitt+ ( a r+ = com=t 9 we>+ x1 or to prev5t its loss1 :i* frequ5tly w\ld be look$ ^u almo/ z a calamity1 is some?+ t c be atta9$ by c>eful adju/m5t to ! prop] size4 ,_m f+]s tap] =w>d4 ,9 o!r f+]s1 ! knuckle is v l>ge & ! ?ird jo9t mu* small] ?an ! knuckle4 ,:]e ! f+] tap]s f ! jo9t at ! h& to ! tip x is frequ5tly difficult to make a r+ hold prop]ly4 ,b ?is c be done by we>+ a t9y gu>d r+4 ,9 cases :]e ! f+] is mu* small] betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? jo9t ! r+ w turn ar\nd1 :i* is n only uncom=table b makes ! ornam5ts fail to %[ prop]ly4 ,?is c be prev5t$ by hav+ ! hoop p5annul> 9 %ape1 or by ! addition ( an int]nal spr+4 ,to prev5t ! rubb+ toge!r ( two r+s worn on ! same f+]1 & ! result+ attrition1 :i* 9 ! lapse ( ye>s sometimes we>s d[n a gold r+ until ! hoop becomes s ?9 t x may crack1 a simple device has be5 pat5t$4 ,?is is a n>r[ circlet :i* may be made ( ivory or any o!r suitable mat]ial4 ,x has a ?9 v]tical flange j high en\gh to int]pose betwe5 ! r+s t are to be kept ap>t1 & two horizontal flanges to pass b5ea? ! hoops ( ! r+s4 ,to protect two r+s f rubb+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 an exce$+ly n>r[ gold circlet is worn betwe5 !m4 ,:]e !re is risk t a h>d /one 9 "o r+ w come 9 contact ) a pe>l 9 ! o!r1 or a diamond ) any o!r /one1 necess>ily s(t]1 "o or m v small beads are weld$ on t "p ( ! hoop ne>e/ to ! sett+4 ,9 cases :]e a treasur$ r+ has worn almo/ to ! ?9ness ( pap]1 x is possible to /r5g!n x by add+ gold at ei!r side ( ! hoop4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,all5 ,,r+ ,,gauge0 ,g5]ally us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = measur+ accurately ! size ( ! r+ requir$ to fit a giv5 f+] ,illu/ration3 #a1 ,engelmann's r+1 f+] & millimet] lock+ gauge4 #b1 8,display r+s10 9 :i* a succession ( preci\s /ones c be set & tri$ on ! f+]s ,! size ( ! f+] is (t5 record$ by :at is kn[n z ! ,all5 gauge1 a tap]+ /ick numb]$ f #a to size #ac 9 half sizes4 ,to ?is /ick is atta*$ a *a91 & p5dant to ! *a9 is a s]ies ( r+s ( graduat$ sizes4 ,:5 x is decid$ :i* r+ ( ! s]ies be/ fits ! f+]1 x is slipp$ on ! gauge & its size asc]ta9$4 ,if size #f is a little tight & #f a trifle loose1 ?is indicates t #f is ! correct size4 ,9 measur+ ! f+] = a r+1 by ,engelmann's ,r+1 ,f+] & ,millimet] ,lock+ ,gauge1 ! r+ is set ov] ! outside p]p5dicul> ends ( ! gauge 7see plate74 ,^! are !n sep>at$ to _! fulle/ ext5t1 s t !y t\* ! r+ on bo? sides4 ,! exact size ( ! r+ is ?us indicat$ on ! scale ov] ! m>k on ! movable upp] "p ( ! "r-h& end4 ,to measure ! size ( a f+]1 ! ends %\ld be sep>at$ suffici5tly to p]mit ! f+] to pass ?r\gh ! ap]ture betwe5 !m4 ,!y are !n to be clos$ s z to t\* lightly--n p9* or squeeze--! fle% ( ! f+]4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done ! ends are lock$1 & if ! knuckle passes easily ?r\gh ! ap]ture1 ! "r size has be5 f\nd4 ,?is is record$ on ! scale 9 ! same way z 9 ! r+ measurem5t4 ,9 measur+ ! f+] ( ei!r a *ild1 boy1 girl1 or woman1 :o has n a l>ge or high knuckle1 a safe rule is to add a r+-size to t :i* has be5 indicat$ by ! measurem5t4 ,! wid? ( ! metal r+-%ank is asc]ta9$ by plac+ its l[]1 c5tre "p betwe5 ! two inside p]p5dicul> ends1 & ! exact dim5sions w be made app>5t on ! millimet] scale4 ,:]e ! %ank is tap]$1 ! maximum & m9imum wid?s mu/ be tak51 & ^! mu/ bo? be /at$ 9 ord]+ a r+4 ,an unset /one is to be measur$ 9 ! way j describ$1 maximum & m9imum wid?s be+ tak52 = ?is purpose also1 only ! extreme po9t$ ends are to be us$2 ^! dim5sions %\ld be correctly /at$ :5 ! r+ is ord]$4 ,to alt] a r+ to any size1 place ! l[]1 c5tre "p ( ! %ank ov] ! scale & e/imate ! wid? ( metal to be tak5 (f or add$1 respectively1 by ! millimet]-l9es4 ,:]e ! prop] measur+ devices are n atta9able1 res\rce may be _h to v>i\s simple exp$i5ts4 ,= in/ance1 a bit ( copp] wire c be us$2 "o end is turn$ s z to =m an eye1 & ?r\gh ?is ! o!r end is drawn until ! circle fits ! f+]2 ! free end is !n twi/$ to keep x f slipp+ back4 ,9 ?is way ! exact size ( a f+] c be obta9$4 ,x is also possible to h ! wire not*$ s z to indicate ! /&>d numb]s ( r+s1 or bett] /ill1 to h !m /amp$ on a n>r[1 flat /rip ( copp] or /eel ) a slot at "o end1 ?r\gh :i* ! o!r end c be pass$ & turn$ d[n :5 ! b& has closely encircl$ ! f+]4 ,( c\rse1 ^! simple me?ods ne$ only be resort$ to :5 ! prospective buy] is ord]+ a r+ by mail or mess5g]1 z jewell]s are always provid$ ) in/rum5ts = tak+ ! exact measurem5t ( ! f+]s4 ,a new & practical inv5tion is t ( a 8display r+10 by means ( :i* ! jewell] c enable anyone :o desires to ord] a r+1 to judge ( ! effect ( v>i\s /ones :5 worn z r+ sett+s4 ,?is little device is op5 at "o end1 ! metal b& be+ flexible en\gh to yield to slight pressure appli$ to bo? sides4 ,9 front1 on ei!r side1 are two claws1 :i* op5 up & grasp ! /one :5 ! pressure is relax$4 ,?us "o gem aft] ano!r c be display$4 ,sets ( ^! display-r+s are made compris+ eighte5 diff]5t sizes4#eij ,:5 a r+ has become pa9fully & injuri\sly tight on a f+]1 a simple me?od & (t5 efficaci\s1 = its removal1 is to take sev]al feet ( cotton cord1 soak ?is 9 soapsuds1 glyc]9e1 or oil1 & pass "o end ( x "u ! r+1 leav+ ab\t six in*es loosely hang+ d[n4 ,! o!r end ( ! cord is !n to be w\nd tightly ar\nd ! f+]1 beg9n+ close to ! r+ & cont9u+ ov] ! middle jo9t up to ! end ( ! f+]4 ,if left on = a :ile1 ! cord compresses ! fle% to su* an ext5t t :5 x is unw\nd by pull+ at ! loose end hang+ d[n f ! base ( ! f+]1 ! r+ w be gradually & pa9lessly =c$ (f4 ,9 v s]i\s cases x is safe/ to file ?r\gh ! hoop & b5d x op5 suffici5tly to free ! f+]4 ,! trifl+ injury to ! r+ c easily be repair$1 leav+ x 9 all respects 9 its orig9al condition4 ,a r+ t fits too tightly may become a s\rce ( s]i\s injury to ! we>] 9 c\rse ( "t4 ,?is applies especially to engagem5t or w$d+-r+s1 = _m we>]s h a s5tim5tal1 or ev5 sup]/iti\s dis9cl9ation to remove su* a r+ aft] x has once be5 plac$ on ! f+] by ! *]i%$ donor4 ,slight z ! effects appe> to be1 s9ce ! progressive tight5+ is s v gradual1 !re h be5 cases :]e ! increas+ plumpness ( a h& has caus$ ! pressure ( ! r+ to become s int5se z to induce an affection ( ! arm1 r5d]+ x liable to s]i\s tr\ble 9 case ( an attack ( rheumatism or a sev]e cold4 ,9 "s cases1 :5 su* a tight r+ has be5 cut f ! h&1 ! pres5t writ] has se5 t ! entire f+] "u ! r+ 0 an op5 w\nd1 occasionally a deep "o4#eia ,?r\gh\t ,europe--,engl& & ! ,cont95t--n>r[ gold r+s are g5]ally worn1 almo/ inv>iably ( #bb-;c>at gold2 among ! poor] classes1 ! /&>d falls to #ah-;c>at--nev] l[]4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! correct w$d+ r+ is a #bb-;c>at r+1 b away f ! l>ge cities & among _! less prosp]\s inhabitants #ah-;c>at r+s are worn to a consid]able ext5t4 ,^! are (t5 two1 ?ree1 or f\r times ! weight ( ! ,european #bb-;c>at r+1 flatt] & %>p on ! edges1 ?us cutt+ ! f+]4 ,frequ5tly p]spiration "u ! r+ w cause ! f+] to become sore & infect$4 ,! n>r[ r+ is m r\nd$ on ! inside & nev] infects ! f+] 9 any way4 ,*>ges ( sell+ illegally /amp$ w$d+-r+s h rec5tly be5 pref]r$ 9 a ,new ,york c\rt4 ,! proce$+s 7 in/itut$ "u p>agraph #dca ( ! ,p5al ,law4 ,! m>k+ 9 "o case 0 8#ad ,kt4 10 ?is hav+ be5 /at$ to signify t n9e-t5?s ( ! metal 0 #ad-;c>at gold & "o-t5? ( "s bas] metal4 ,! real mean+1 h[ev]1 appe>s to be t "o-t5? is ( #ad-;c>at gold1 ! rema9+ n9e-t5?s be+ alloy4 ,! r+ 0 f\nd to weigh #gb gra9s1 & on be+ te/$ at ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,assay ,(fice1 ! f95ess ( ! entire metal 0 det]m9$ to be #eb_/ajjj1 equival5t to a f95ess ( b #ab c>ats = ! "o-t5? repres5t$ to be ( #ad-;c>at gold4 ,! utmo/ v>iation f /&>d p]mitt$ by ! /atute is "o c>at4 ,! quantity ( pure gold 9 su* a r+ w\ld only be ab\t #c gra9s1 wor? a fraction ov] #af c5ts4 ,! r+s 7 sold = #c4ge & #d4 ,an al>m r+1 giv+ ! we>] timely notice if its /one sett+ %\ld fall out1 has rec5tly be5 inv5t$4 ,b5ea? ! /one1 a ne$le trav]s+ ! r+ is s adju/$ to a coil$ spr+ t if ! /one drops out1 ! spr+ is releas$1 & ! ne$le-po9t gives a slight prick to ! we>]'s f+]4 ,! idea is +5i\s en\gh & ! r+ may f9d favor among ^? :o value _! r+-/ones en\gh to endure a 8%>p rem9d]0 ( _! loss :5 ?is helps _! recov]y4#eib ,a curi\s & int]e/+ example ( inlay+1 is a gold r+ own$ by ,b4 ,g4 ,fair*ild1 ,esq41 ( ,new ,york4 ,9 ! flat bezel h be5 ins]t$ two w+$ figures1 cut 9 intaglio on pieces ( br[n *alc$ony4 ,z !re is no m>g9 ( /one %[+ ab\t ! figures1 ! effect is v /rik+1 ! *alc$ony appe>+ to be naturally emb$d$ 9 ! gold4 ,?is is a production ( antique art4 ,9 design+ a r+ ! goldsmi? mu/ con/antly be> 9 m9d t only ! upp] "p1 less ?an half ! circle1 w be display$1 & he %\ld ?us c>efully avoid reg>d+ ! :ole r+ z an ornam5tal object & *as+ or adorn+ ! "p t w n be %[n4 ,to ?is end he is advis$ to model ! design 9 wax on ! circlet itself1 r ?an to "w f a sket* or draw+4 ,if any plant or o!r nature =m ent]s into 8 composition1 he %\ld1 :]e possible1 h a specim5 be=e him :ile he works1 s t :atev] modifications or adaptations he may make w n violate ! ma9 l9es ( ! natural type4 ,9 mak+ a r+ ( solid metal1 x is ei!r ca/ 9 ! desir$ =m1 or hamm]$ f a ca/4 ,aft] ! metal has be5 anneal$1 ! design is sket*$ on 9 black wat]-color2 x is !n outl9$ ) a small r\nd-edg$ trac+-tool & ! gr\nd-"w is *isell$ away4 ,! design c n[ be f9i%$ ) *as+ tools4#eic ,! mak+ ( f+] r+s z well z ( ev]y?+ else has be5 /rongly influ5c$ by ma*9e production4 ,clo? is ma*9e-made1 pictures are li?ograph$1 lace1 mac>oni1 & ev5 small h\ses are n[ produc$ ) an exactness t 0 nev] be=e possible4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ) ! dom9ance ( ! 8ma*9e-made0 product1 ! arti/ic quality is entirely oblit]at$4 ,r+s are n[ made 9 su* va/ quantities t exactness ( reproduction is ! great aim4 ,?us :ile ! initial design may possess a c]ta9 measure ( orig9ality1 ! s+le r+ ( ! type1 "o out ( ?\s&s or t5s ( ?\s&s /amp$ out ( ! same model1 necess>ily lacks t p]sonal t\* :i* alone c produce a truly arti/ic object4 ,names ( ! ,r+#eid 9 ,v>i\s ,=eign ,languages4 ,anglo-,saxon ,hr+e ,arabic ,khatam1 mabas ,babylonian ,%emiru1 lulimtu8 ,bohemian1 ,s]bo-,croatian ,kruh1 pr/5 ,bulg>ian ,pr/5 ,*9ese ,pan-*ih1 *ih huan#eie ,dani% ,r+ ,dut* ,r+ ,fr5* ,anneau1 bague ,gaelic 7,erse7 ,fa9ne1 failbeagh ,g]man ,r+ ,greek1 anci5t 1 ,greek1 mod]n ,hebrew ,tabba'a?1 o?am ,hung>ian 7,magy>7 ,gyr ,italian ,anello ,icel&ic ,hr+r ,iri% ,fa9ne ,japanese ,yubi no wa ,laos ,pawp ,m ,lat9 ,anulus1 anellus ,li?uanian ,zi$as ,p]sian ,angu%t> 7aat7 ,poli% ,pi]ci51 kr\zek ,portuguese ,annel ,r\manian ,inel ,russian ,kolts1#eif pr/5#eig ,ru!nian 7,little ,russian7 ,p]/5 ,sanskrit ,angulya1 anguli mudra ,s]bian ,pr/5 ,siamese ,new nang 7nang pet7 ,spani% ,sortija1 anillo ,sum]ian ,,mur 7,,kh>7 ,sw$i% ,r+ ,syriac ,tab'1 a?m ,turki% 7,osmanli7 ,ysk1 halqa ,wel% ,modrwy ,! foll[+ h9ts z to ! prop] pronunciation ( "s ( ! r>e words 9 ! above li/ h be5 k9dly furni%$ by ,pr(4 ,john ,dyneley ,pr9ce1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 :o has also suppli$ sev]al ( ! names3 ,9 pr/5 7,bulg>ian1 ,bohemian & ,s]bo-,croatian71 ! r has a peculi> roll+ s\nd ) an inh]5t v[el2 ?is _c be correctly reproduc$ 9 ,engli% spell+4 ,! ci ( ,poli% pi]ci5 is pron\nc$ l ! ,italian ci 7*ee74 ,little ,russian 7,ru!nian7 & ,russian p]/5 means lit]ally 8f+]-?+40 ,9 ! ,li?uanian zi$as1 ! z is pron\nc$ l ,fr5* j1 or our z & azure4 ,! ,hung>ian gyr s\nds l dy-r2 x means some?+ roll$4 ,! 9 ,hebrew1 ,arabic & ,syriac is an explosive t unkn[n 9 ,engli%2 ! lett] r5d]$ by ! sign is a deep1 guttural & faucal exhalation4 ,iri% fa9ne is pron\nc$ fau-9-nye1 & ! ,wel% bodrwy is s\nd$ z bod-roo-ee4 ,! ^w 8r+10 tabba-a?1 appe>s once 9 ,g5esis 7xli3 #db71 ! r+ giv5 by ,ph>aoh to ,joseph2 six times 9 ,e/h] iii3 #aj1 #ab2 viii3 #b1 #h 7bis71 #aj1 ! r+ ( ,ahasu]us4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! r+ is m5tion$ once 9 ,luke xv3 #bb1 ! r+ giv5 ! ,prodigal ,son2 & once 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,james1 ii3 #b4 ,! ^w 8r+s10 z f+]-r+s1 occurs 9 ,exodus xxxv3 #bb1 ( ! (f]+s ( ! p ( ,israel 9 ! des]t2 9 ,numb]s xxxi3 #ej2 9 ,canticles v3 #ad 7?is is probably to be r5d]$ 8rods071#eih & 9 ,isaiah iii3 #ba4 ,t r+s %\ld be s r>ely allud$ to 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t might seem to prove t !y 7 n z ext5sively worn 9 ! l& ( ,israel z "s h assum$4 ,! f9e/ anci5t ,hebrew signet is said to be "o ( ! "t ( ,j]oboam ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ,israel 7#gij-gdi8 ,b4,c471 f\nd at ,megiddo4 ,?is is ! seal ( ,%emai1 ! ,k+'s ,m9i/] ( ,/ate4 ,x is ( jasp] & be>s ! f9ely engrav$ figure ( a lion4 ,! =m is oval & ! seal measures #c4g by #b4g cm4#eii ,,index ,a ,aah-hotep1 ,que51 signet (1 #aag ,abbots' r+s1 #bhj ,abbott1 ,dr41 ,egyptian collection (1 #aah ,abbesses' r+s1 #bhj ,ab]de51 ,e>l (1 #cci ,a*ametis1 on dreams ( r+s1 #bih ,add-a-l9k r+1 #ic ,adju/able r+s1 #ic ,adl]1 ,cyrus1 viii lian1 #cb ,african r+s1 #fd1 #hc1 #hd1 #cbh ,agate1 #ha1 #hg1 #cce ,ag9c\rt1 r+s f\nd on battlefield (1 #afe ,agla motto on heal+ r+s1 #cci ,agricola1 ,johannes1 on heal+ r+s1 #cea ,ahasu]us1 signet (1 #aaf ,ahl/an1 ,bi%op ( ,%]b\rne1 r+ (1 #bga ,alb]t1 ,pr9ce1 #bbe ,alb]tus ,magnus1 on virtues ( talismans1 #caa ,alex&] ! ,great1 signet (1 #abc ,alfonso ,x1 ,lapid>io (1 #cjd1 #cje ,alfonso ,,xiii1 old usage said to h be5 obs]v$ at m>riage (1 #bac ,alliot1 ,hector1 viii ,amb]1 #ajd1 #cda entire r+s (1 #ajd ,ambrose1 ,/41 #abh ,amelia1 ,pr9cess1 ,memorial r+ (1 #dc ,am5hotep ,,iv 7,akh5at571 r+ (1 #fg ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #fe ,am]ican r+s1 #ag-cj1 #dg1 #hd1 #he1 #ajh ,ame?y/1 #cd1 #ej1 #gc1 #hf1 #aaa1 #abe1 #abf1 #aeh1 #bbg1 #beb1 #bgi1 #cbh1 #cce ,&alusite1 #hf ,anglo-,saxon r+s1 #aie ( ,bi%op ,ahl/an1 #bga ( ,e!ls)1 #agc1 #agd ( ,e!lwulf1 #agc1 #agd ,anhalt1 pr9cess (1 magic r+ (1 #caf1 #cag ,annay1 ,sir ,william d'1 r+ giv5 to by ,ri*>d ,cur-de-,lion1 #agg ,anne1 ,/41 betro?al r+ (1 #bfa ,anne ( ,d5m>k1 #ahi ,antio*us ,,iv1 ,epiphanes1 signet (1 #abe ,anton9us ,pius1 head (1 on signet1 #adj ,anul>ius1 a r+-mak]1 #af ,anuli natalitii1 #ae ,anulus pronubus1 #aic ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 magic r+s (1 #bif1 #cbe ,aquam>9e1 #aeh ,aqu9as1 ,/4 ,?omas1 #baa ,arabic r+s1 ,mohamm$'s seal1 #ada ) c>nelians1 #ada mottoes & devices on1 #adb ,ar*ological ,in/itute1 ,london1 #gc ,ar*]s' r+s1 #hg1 #aje-ajh ,ari/ophanes1 ( r+s1 #i ,ari/otle1 blam$ by ,plato = we>+ r+s1 #cb ,arnulphus1 ,bi%op ( ,metz1 r+ (1 #bfi ,art n\veau r+s1 #hg ,artemidora1 mummy-case (1 #ea ,artemidorus1 r+s 9 dream-book (1 #cg ,arundel collection1 #aga ,arundel1 ,?omas1 keep] ( jewels ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor's %r9e1 #age ,assyrian & ,babylonian r+s1 #c anci5t contract z to em]ald set 9 "o1 #d1 #e ,assyrian jewell]s' firm1 #d ,a/le1 ,?omas1 #aee ,a/rolabe r+1 #hh ,auckl&1 ,"l1 #aja ,augu/9e1 ,/41 #bii ,augu/us1 #ccf1 #cdg signet (1 #acj1 #aca ,aurelian's seal r+1 #acc ,au/rian r+s1 #hg1 #aaj ,av]y1 ,samuel ,p41 #ff ,avitus1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,vi5ne1 lett] (1 describ+ r+1 #bff1 #bfg1 #bgg ,aztecs1 treasures ( !1 #ai silv]smi?s ( !1 #bj f+]-r+s ( !1 #bj ,b ,ba*aumont1 ,l\is ,petit de1 #gf ,bacon1 ,francis1 on telepa?ic te/ ) a r+1 #cbf1 #cbg ,bacula1 little rod = r+s1 #ee ,bagobos ( ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 sup]/itions ( !1 #ceb ,balas-ruby1 #bgf ,b>del1 ,w41 x ,b>l[1 ,hon4 ,pet] ,t41 vii1 #aec ,b>r1 ,miss ,ada ,m41 vii ,b>r[1 ,f4 ,h41 viii ,beatty1 ,w4 ,g$ney1 vii ,beauvois91 ,mlle4 de1 r+s own$ by1 #gf ,becket1 ,/4 ,?omas 1 r+ tak5 f %r9e (1 #ahb1 #ahc ,beef/eak ,club memorial r+s1 #dg ,b5$ict ,,xiv1 #bha ,beque/s ( signets1 #adi ,b]ghem ,lod[yck van 7,l\is de ,b]qu57 cuts diamonds = ,*>les ! ,bold1 #bae ,bquet1 ,alb]t1 #ei ,b]l9 ,m9]alogical ,museum1 #ajh ,b]l9 ,royal ,museum1 #fg ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 ,/41 signet (1 #ade ,b]nh>d ,,iv1 ,m>grave ( ,bad51 portrait (1 #fb ,b]teildis1 wife ( ,dagob]t ,i1 signet (1 #ach ,b]yl1 #acd1 #aeh1 #beb1 #ccd1 #cce ,besbor\gh collection1 #gc ,betro?al r+s1 see w$d+ r+s ,bible1 r+s m5tion$ 9 !1 #a1 #aae1 #aaf1 #ccf ,biblio?que ,nationale1 #afb ,biblio?que du ,roi 7lat] ,biblio?que ,nationale71 #aci ,b+ham1 ,hiram1 viii ,inca r+s f\nd by1 9 ,p]u1 #hc ,bi%op1 ,heb] ,r41 collection1 #ee1 #aje1 #ajf ,bi%ops' r+s1 ( ,all/an1 ,bi%op ( ,%]borne1 #bga ( ,arnulphus1 ,bi%op ( ,metz1 #bfi ( ,ebba1 ,bi%op ( ,rheims1 #bgj ( ,bi%op ( ,flamb>d1 #bge ( ,bi%op ,ge(froy ,rufus1 #bge ( ,ar*bi%op ,gre5field1 #bgb ( ,bi%op ,h]ve1 #bgc ( ,hil>y1 ,bi%op ( ,*i*e/]1 #bgb ,innoc5t ,,iii's def9ition (1 #bgc ( ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]1 #bgf ( ,seffrid1 ,bi%op ( ,*i*e/]1 #bgb ( ,ar*bi%op ,sewell1 #bgb ( ,ar*bi%op ,sigfroi1 #bgd ( ,bi%op ,john ,/anb]ry1 #bge /ol5 by ,pi]s ,gave/on1 #bgf set ) gre5 t\rmal9es1 #bgf ( ,bi%op ,william ( ,/4 ,b>b>a1 #bge ( ,bi%op ,wykeham1 #bge ( ,wytlesey1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 #bge ,blake1 ,w4 ,w41 ix ,blakeslee collection1 portraits 91 %[+ r+ we>+1 #fb ,blood/one1 #aeh1 #aia1 #cca ,bohemian g>net w+s1 #aji ,boleyn1 ,anne1 s5ds 8cramp r+s10 #cdc ,boniface ,,iv1 m5tion ( pontifical r+ 9 decree (1 #bfg ,boniface ,,viii1 r+ f\nd 9 tomb (1 #bgc magic r+ (1 #cjf ,bonza1 ,buddhi/ prie/1 r+s made by1 #hb ,boog1 ,!odore de1 xi 8,book ( ,!tel10 magic r+ describ$ 91 #caa ,borde1 ,&rew1 on cramp r+s1 #cdc ,borgia1 ,ces>e1 motto 9 poison-r+ (1 #cg ,borgia1 ,lucrezia1 r+s at betro?al (1 #bae ,borgias1 poison r+s ( !1 #cg ,bor\gh1 ,sir ,edw>d1 w9s diamond r+ at t\rnam5t1 #aha ,bossuet1 ,jacques ,bm+e1 memorial r+ giv5 him by ,pr9cess ,h5rietta ,anne1 #de ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 #aib ,braddock1 ,*>les ,s41 ,jr41 ix ,br&on1 ,?omas1 ,e>l ( ,suffolk1 w9s ruby r+ at t\rnam5t1 #aha ,brantme1 ,pi]re de ,b\deilles1 ,seigneux de1 #afh ,branualdius1 #cjj ,brass r+s1 #hb1 #hd1 #ceb ,br]a gall]y1 ,milan1 #bjc ,briti% ,museum1 x1 #e1 #ce1 #ci1 #dj1 #dd1 #ej1 #eh1 #fh1 #fi1 #ge1 #hb1 #hf1 #hi1 #ih1 #ii1 #ajj1 #ajd1 #acf1 #adc1 #aej1 #aea1 #agc1 #aig1 #bea1 #beg1 #bic ,bronze age1 r+s ( !1 #b ,bronze r+s1 #eh1 #hi1 #aji1 #bea1 #beg1 #bic ,br\n1 ,w4 ,h41 entire em]ald r+1 own$ by1 #ajc ,br\w]1 ,b>t41 entire diamond r+ by1 #aje ,brummagem r+s1 #aac1 #aad ,burgundian r+s1 #gc ,burmese r+s1 #hb ,butl]1 ,samuel1 #aid1 #bbb ,buxtorf1 ,johann1 on ,hebrew betro?al r+s1 #bjc ,byron1 ,"l1 signet own$ by1 #aeb ,byzant9e r+s1 #adc1 #add-adf1 #afa1 #aig1 #bef1 #cch ,c ,cs>1 ,julius1 signet (1 #acj ,caius1 ,/41 r+ (1 #bfa ,caligula1 head (1 on r+1 #acc ,cambodian r+s1 #hb ,camd51 ,william1 #ahc ,campbell1 ,ar*ibald1 r+ (1 #ahb ,cantacuz5e1 ,emp]or1 #adf ,canute1 ,k+1 r+ f\nd on body (1 #agi ,c>acalla1 head (1 on signet1 #adj ,c>d9als' r+s1 sapphire us$ =1 #bgf v>i\s /ones us$ = 9 e>li] times1 #bgf co/ (1 #bgg ( ,c>d9al ,f>ley1 #bgh 9 portraits1 #bgh ,c>lomans' signet r+1 #adj ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #cbd ,c>nelian1 #f1 #abe1 #ada1 #aeh1 #bfi1 #cah1 #cbc1 #cbh entire r+s (1 #ajj ,casa ,gr&e1 ,arizona1 r+s f\nd at1 #ag ,casimir1 ,john1 ,c\nt ,palat9e1 m$al (1 ) figure ( diamond r+1 #aga ,ca?>9e von ,bora1 r+ commemorat+ h] m>riage to ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 #baf1 #bag ,ca?oir ! ,great1 call$ 8,h]o ( ,r+s10 #aia ,cat's-eye1 #gh 8,cele/ial /ones0 9 r+s1 #ccj 8,c5t ,n\velles ,n\velles10 /ory ( a r+ 91 #bae ,cesnola collection ( ,cypriote antiquities1 #aai ,*alc$ony1 #gd1 #abd1 #aeh1 #aei1 #ccd1 #cce1 #cfc entire r+s (1 #ajj1 #beh-bfa ,*>iote]'s r+1 #cc ,*>lemagne1 r+ (1 #cjj-cjb ,*>les ! ,bald1 lett] (1 to ,pope ,ni*olas ,i1 #bgj ,*>les ,i1 #aec1 #ahi1 #aij memorial r+s (1 #da signet (1 z ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 #aef1 #aeg z k+1 #aeg ,*>les ,,ii1 seal$ ) diamond signet ( 8 fa!r1 #aeg gave r+ to ,judge ,jeffreys1 #aia ,*>les ,,iv1 ,emp]or1 #bei ,*>les ,v1 ( ,france1 signet (1 #adf ,*>les ! ,bald1 lett] (1 to ,pope ,ni*olas ,i1 #bgj ,*>lotte1 ,que51 #aea ,*ase1 ,william ,m41 x ,*aves ,pass1 ,arizona1 r+ f\nd at1 #ag ,*ifflet1 ,jean ,jacques1 #aci ,*ild]is ,i1 signet (1 #ach-adj ,*9dasw9!1 ,visigo? sov]eign1 promulgat$ law reg>d+ betro?al r+s1 #bjj ,*9ese r+s1 #ha1 #he1 #aje-ajh1 #bdh1 #cai-cba ,*lora/rolite1 #cce ,*rysob]yl1 #hf ,*rysolite1 see p]idot ,*rysoprase1 #cd ,*ryso/om1 ,/4 ,john1 on r+ inscriptions1 #ace ,*ur*1 ,sir ,ar?ur ,h]b]t1 #hf ,*ur* collection1 #hf ,cic]o1 tells h[ ,v]res _h r+s made1 #af ( r+ seiz$ by ,v]res1 #abg ,cig>ette r+1 #id ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 #ad1 #aba1 #acc1 #aii1 #bif ,clem5t ,,iv1 ,pope1 8,fi%]man's ,r+0 (1 #bfc ,clem5t ,v1 ,pope1 /ones us$ 9 ecclesia/ical r+s 9 "t (1 #bgf ,clem5t ,,viii1 ,pope1 #bfc ,cleopatra1 signet (1 #abf ,clevel& ,museum ( ,art1 #ij ,clotaire ,,ii1 co9 (1 set 9 r+1 #afb ,clo?ilda1 receives betro?al r+ f ,clovis ,i 9 #dic ,a4,d41 #bja1 #bjb ,clovis ,i ( ,france1 on bi%ops' signets1 #acg ,coats-(-arms on signet r+s1 #adi ,coello1 ,claudio1 #ei ,co9s set 9 r+s1 #afb ,coke1 ,sir ,edw>d1 hi/oric r+ bequea!d by1 #ahi diamond r+ (1 #ahi ,college ( ,arms1 ,london1 gift to1 by ,duke ( ,norfolk1 #aha ,color ( /ones 9 bi%ops' r+s1 significance (1 #bgd1 #bge ,columbus1 ,knights (1 r+s (1 #ccb ,commodus1 signet (1 #aca 8,communion r+s10 #cea ,comn5us1 ,alexis1 signet-r+ (1 #add ,comn5us1 ,john1 #add 8,cone-%ell0 r+s1 #ag ,congo1 ,k+ ( !1 ?umb r+ (1 #fd ,conlegium anul>ium1 #af ,con/antius ,,ii1 signet (1 #afa ,copp] r+s1 #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #hd1 #cbh ,coral1 #fc1 #gh1 #cda ,cordi]ite1 #hf ,corean r+s1 #ajg ,coronation r+1 ,engli%1 #agd1 #bhb1 #bhc ,coronation r+1 ,fr5*1 #bhd ,corts1 ,f]nan1 #ai ,corundum1 #hf ,cosmas & ,damian1 ,/s41 effigies (1 on a heal+ r+1 #cch 8,cramp r+s10 #cda-cde ,crana*1 ,lucas1 #fa ,crisp collection ( memorial r+s1 #dc ,cul91 ,/ew>t1 vii ,curry1 ,james1 b\ght ,h5rietta ,m>ia's signet1 #aef ,cu%+1 ,frank ,h41 #ba1 #bb ,cypriote r+s1 #f1 #g1 #aaa1 #aai1 #abj ,cyrianides1 magic r+s describ$ 91 #bie ,d ,dactylio!ca1 #ec1 #ed ,dactylomancy1 #bii1 #cjh ,daggett1 ,frank ,s41 viii ,dalh\sie1 ,"l1 #ajc ,dalton1 ,o4 ,m41 #ci1 #aej ,dam]1 ,miss ,dawson1 #bbe ,daniel1 ,book (1 signet m5tion$ 91 #aae ,d>ius ,,iii1 signet (1 #abc ,d>nley1 ,h5ry1 ,"l1 w$d+ r+ (1 #bag1 #bah ,da%ur1 r+s f\nd at1 #fh ,dav5ant1 ,sir ,william1 ( a ru%-r+1 #bjf ,dea?1 remov+ ( r+s 9 case (1 #acd ,decade r+s1 #cd ,de,forest1 ,rob]t ,w41 vii ,delo*e1 ,m41 #aj1 #eh1 #adj ,dial r+s1 #ci1 #hg ,diamond1 #gh1 #hi1 #ih1 #ii1 #aja1 #afg-agj1 #aha1 #ahc1 #ahi1 #bae1 #bbg1 #bce1 #beb1 #bgh1 #bhh1 #ccd entire r+s (1 #aje ,div9+ ) r+s1 #bii ,divorce r+s1 #bce ,dixon1 ,joseph ,k41 viii ,doctors' r+s1 #bff ,dom5ico dei ,camei1 gem engrav]1 #adh ,domna1 ,julia1 wife ( ,septimius ,sev]us1 causes ,philo/ratus to write life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 #bif ,drake1 ,alex&] ,wilson1 #he1 #hf1 #bag ,drake1 ,mrs4 ,alex&] ,w41 vii1 #bag ,drake collection1 #he1 #cec ,dreams ab\t r+s1 #cg1 #ajd1 #acb1 #bih ,dryd51 ,john1 #cab on gimmal r+1 #bai ,durant1 ,guillaume1 ,bi%op ( ,m5de1 on spiritual mean+ ( w$d+ r+1 #bjg ,dutt1 ,dasmod>1 ,h9du portraiti/1 #fc ,dynamite r+s1 #aaj ,e ,ebbo1 ,bi%op ( ,rheims1 r+ s5t to1 by "m ( ,*>les ! 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betro?al ( ! ,virg91 #bjc ,gi>d9etti r+s1 #gd ,gilgame% ,epic1 porphyry r+ m5tion$ 91 #if ,gimmal r+1 #bah-bbj ,glasg[1 explanation ( arms ( city (1 #baf ,glass r+s1 #aji1 #add ,gl5n1 ,l4 ,c41 viii ,gocl5ius1 #cec ,gold-plat$ r+s1 #aji ,gold qu>tz1 #cce ,gorius1 #cc ,go?ic r+s1 #afc ,got!il1 ,ri*>d1 vii ,gratacap1 ,l4 ,p41 viii ,greek ,*ur*1 usage z to w$d+ r+s 91 #bjc1 #bjd ,greek-lett] frat]nities1 r+s (1 #ccd ,greek r+s1 #g-aj1 #ea1 #fi1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #abb1 #abd1 #abf1 #aih1 #bea1 #bef ,gre5field1 ,ar*bi%op1 r+ (1 #bgb ,gre]1 ,"r ,rev4 ,david ,h41 viii1 seal (1 #bgi1 #bhj ,gregory1 ,/41 =mula z to bi%ops' r+s 9 ,sacram5tal (1 #bfg1 #bfh ,gregory ,,xiii1 ,pope1 #bha ,gregory ,,xvi1 #ce ,gregory1 ,nyassa1 ,/41 #bef ,gre%am1 ,sir ,?omas1 w$d+ r+ (1 #bai ,gri51 ,hans ,baldung1 #fb ,grimm1 ,jacob1 9 betro?al r+s 9 ,g]many1 #bjg ,gros%]zogli*-,hessis*es ,museum1 ,d>m/adt1 #gc ,guild ( r+-mak]s 9 anci5t ,rome1 #af ,gyges1 magic r+ (1 #bhi-bia1 #cjg1 #cad ,h ,hadrian1 value ( r+s 9 "t (1 #ih signet (1 #acd ,hadrian ,,iv1 s5ds em]ald r+ to ,h5ry ,,ii1 :5 grant+ sov]eignty ( ,engl& ov] ,irel&1 #agf ,hafiz ( ,%iraz1 #bhi ,hamilton1 ,"l ,john1 sapphire r+ s5t to1 by ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 #ahd ,hamm]-,purg/all1 ,joseph von1 #adb ,hamp]1 ,william1 ?umb-r+ own$ by1 #cci ,han ,dyna/y1 jade r+s (1 #aje ,hannibal1 r+s tak5 by1 at battle ( ,cann1 #aa1 #ab ,hapgood1 ,mrs4 ,isabel1 viii ,h>nham ,hill1 r+ f\nd at1 #aie ,h>r[]1 ,miss ,ka!r9e1 signet own$ by1 #afj ,ht%epset1 ,que51 signet (1 #aag ,hatton1 ,"l ,*ancellor1 s5ds heal+ r+ to ,que5 ,elizabe?1 #cej ,hatzfeldt1 ,pr9cess1 portrait (1 #fa ,heal+ r+s1 #ccf-ced ,hebrew r+s1 #he1 #aae1 #acd1 #bac1 #bad1 #beb1 #bec1 #cch1 #cff ,hel5 ( ,troy1 magic r+ (1 #ib1 #bib ,heliodorus1 describes a r+ 9 8 8?iopica10 #aaa ,h5ri ,,ii1 m$al (1 ) figure ( diamond r+1 #agj ,h5ry ,,ii receives em]ald r+ f ,pope ,hadrian ,,iv ) grant ( sov]eignty ov] ,irel&1 #agf ,h5ry ,,iii1 ( ,engl&1 r+s among ,cr[n ,jewels (1 #ee pawns jewels ( ,edw>d ! 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signet r+1 #ace ,j]oboam ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 signet r+ f "t (1 #cff ,jet1 entire r+ (1 #ajh ,john1 ,k+1 jewels (1 #ee ,john ,,ii ( ,france1 ruby r+ (1 lo/ at ,poiti]s1 #afd1 #afe ,john ,v1 ,paleologus1 ,emp]or1 #adf ,john ,,xxii1 ,pope1 /ones us$ 9 ecclesia/ical r+s 9 "t (1 #bgf ,john ,con/ans1 ,elector ( ,saxony1 portrait (1 #fa ,john ( ,salisbury1 #agf1 #agg ,johnson1 ,dr4 ,samuel1 w$d+ r+ (1 #bbc ,jones1 ,william ,h41 viii ,jonson1 ,b51 8r+ posy0 (1 #bch ,jordan1 ,agnes1 abbess ( ,bridget9e ,conv5t1 r+ on sepul*ral image (1 #bhj ,joseph's r+1 #a ,josephus1 #acb /ory ( magic r+1 #bid1 #bie ,jupit]1 r+ ( prie/s (1 #bej ,ju/9ian1 ,emp]or1 decree (1 reg>d+ r+s1 #ae ,juv5al1 #eg1 #if1 #ig ,juxon1 ,bi%op1 & r+s ( ,*>les ,i1 #aef ,k ,kalidasa1 #cba ,k>avongu1 ,prabha1 ix ,kei?1 ,m9or ,c41 viii ,k5tig]n1 ,/41 promises f9d+ ( a w$d+ r+1 #baf ,key-%ap$ r+s1 #ga ,khufu 7*eops71 r+ ( prie/ ( 8 pyramid1 #aah ,k+1 ,c4 ,w41 #aaa1 #adg1 #aeg1 #aga ,kir*]1 ,a?omasius1 #bac ,knights ( ,columbus1 r+s (1 #ccb ,knights ( ,py?ias1 r+s (1 #ccd ,knot1 !1 z orig9 ( ! r+1 #b ,ko*1 ,c\rt ,jewell]1 r+ collection (1 #bji ,kon/ant9idis ,collection at ,nicosia1 #f ,kunzite1 #ccd ,kusa-grass 7,sac*>um spontaneum7 r+s (1 among ! ,h9dus1 #gg ,l ,lab\*re1 ,m41 #aeg ,labradorite1 #cd1 #hf ,lafayette1 r+ giv5 to1 by ,wa%+ton1 #aib ,lalique1 ,r51 #hg ,lambeccius1 #cae ,lapid>io ( ,alfonso ,x1 #cjd1 #cje1 #cbh ,lapis-lazuli1 #ej1 #fc1 #if1 #aag1 #aeh1 #aga ,lappl&]s1 magic r+s ( !1 #cbd 8,latitude & ,longitude ,r+10 #bcc ,lauf]1 ,b]?old1 viii ,lay>d1 ,sir ,au/5 ,h5ry1 #c ,lead5 r+s1 #aab1 #cbh ,leam+1 ,vice-,*ancellor ,e4 ,b41 #aib ,legal use ( a r+1 #cf ,leg5d1 ,scot*1 ( loss ( a w$d+ r+1 #bae1 #baf ,l5tulus1 signet (1 #abg ,leo ,x1 ,pope1 #bfd1 #bfi ,leopold ,i1 #cae ,less+ ,g4 ,e41 tale ( r+s 9 8 8,na?an d] ,weise10 #cdf1 #cdg ,levesque1 ,m41 #adg ,leyd5 ,papyrus1 =mulas = magic r+s 91 #big1 #bih ,li*t5au1 ,c\ntess1 anecdote ( r+ tak5 by1 #agb ,l9coln1 ,waldo1 ix1 #dg ,l9d5s*midt1 ,ludwig1 #eh ,locomotive ,eng9e]s1 ,bro!rhood (1 r+ (1 #ccb ,londesbor\gh collection1 #cd1 #afi1 #bac1 #bah1 #bbj1 #caa ,london ,ar*ological ,in/itute1 #aff 8,lors*] ,r+10 #gc ,lo?aire's signet1 #adj ,lotto1 ,lor5zo1 #fa ,l\is ,i1 signet (1 #adj ,l\is ,,vii1 donates r+ to %r9e ( ,?omas ,becket1 #ahc ,l\is ,,ix1 suppos$ signet r+ (1 #ade ,l\is ,,xi1 #afg ,l\is ,,xii1 signet (1 #adg1 #adh ,l\is ( ,luxemb\rg1 ,con/able1 r+s giv5 by1 #afg ,l\isa1 ,que5 ( ,prussia1 betro?al r+ (1 #bbd ,l\vre ,museum1 #bdi ,lovat1 ,"l1 memorial r+ (1 #dd ,lucas1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,a41 viii ,lucian1 tale ( a magic r+ told by1 #abb ,lucretius1 ( ,samo?racius r+s1 #gj ,lucullus1 signet (1 #acj ,lum9\s r+1 #cag ,lu!r1 r+ commemorat+ w$d+ (1 #baf1 #bag ,lyly1 ,sir ,pet]1 #fb ,m 8,mab9ogian10 magic r+ 91 #cjg1 #cjh ,mc,curdy1 ,george ,grant1 ix ,ma*u ,pic*u1 ,inca city ( refuge1 #hc ,macrobius1 on r+-f+]1 #eb1 #aid ,mc5as1 signet (1 #acj ,magic r+s1 see talismanic ,magnetic iron1 #cbh 8,mahabh>ata10 r+s m5tion$ 9 !1 #gg ,mh>n ( ,sikkim1 portrait (1 #fc 7,frontispiece7 ,malory1 ,sir ,?omas1 #cji ,m&eville1 ,sir ,john1 #cae ,manx cu/oms z to r+s1 #bje ,m>at1 effigy ( on r+1 #gf ,m>atta1 ,c>lo1 portrait by1 #bgh ,m>cellus ,empiricus1 on cure ( hicc\ghs by ! 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,ruby10 #ahj ,m]*ant's r+ ( glass1 m5tion$ 9 8,pi]s ,pl[man10 #add ,m]ci]1 ,l\is ,seba/i51 #gf ,m]cury z be/[] ( magic r+s1 #bie1 #bif ,m]o1 r+ ( a que5 (1 #fg ,m]onitz1 ,bohemia1 g>nets f1 #aaj ,m]ov+ian r+s1 #eh1 #gb1 #gc1 #acg1 #ach1 #beg ,meteorites1 r+s set ) p]idots f1 #ccj ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york1 #ea1 #hj1 #aje1 #aai1 #ahh 8,mi*elangelo's ,signet10 #adg ,mills1 ,william ,c41 ix ,m9 ,yonk ,ik1 ,corean pr9ce1 jade r+s (1 #ajg ,m9oan r+s1 #aaf1 #aah ,m9os ( ,crete1 r+ (1 #bia1 #bib ,m9t-m>ks f signets1 #abi ,mirror r+s1 ,h9du1 #gi ,mi?ridates ! ,great1 #ed ,mo*a-/one1 #hg ,mohamm$'s seal1 #ada ,moon/one1 #cce ,moore1 ,isabel1 ix ,moorehead1 ,w>r5 ,k41 ix1 #ba1 #bb ,moose1 ,loyal ,ord] (1 r+s (1 #ccb ,morgan1 ,h5ri de1 #b1 #fh ,morgan1 ,j4 de1 #fh ,morgan1 ,octavius1 #ge ,morse1 ,edw>d ,s41 ix 8,morte d',ar?ur10 /ory ( magic r+ 91 #cji1 #caj ,moss-agate1 #cce ,mo/iola1 ,/41 has betro?al r+ ( ! ,virg91 #bei ,"m-( pe>l1 #ha ,mottoes1 #bji-bac1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bcc1 #bcd1 #bcg-bdh =m$ by initials ( /ones set 9 r+s1 #ej1 #bbf ,mll]1 ,pet]1 on legal significance ( giv+ a r+1 #bjd ,murray1 ,george ,gilb]t ,aim1 #d ,musa1 ,antonius1 grant$ "r to we> gold r+s1 by ,augu/us1 #ccf ,museo ,nacional1 ,mexico ,city1 ,aztec f+]-r+ 91 #bj ,myc5an r+s1 #f1 #fh1 #ii1 #aji1 #aah ,n ,nadir ,%ah1 entire em]ald r+s (1 #aja1 #ajb ,nails1 horse%oe1 r+s (1 #aaj1 #cbf ,names ( r+s 9 anci5t & mod]n ,india1 #gh1 #gi 9 v>i\s mod]n languages1 #cfd-cfe 8,naoratna0 7nav>atna7 r+1 #gh1 #cba ,napoleon memorial r+s1 #dg1 #dh ,napoleonic r+s1 #agc ,n>:al tusk1 r+s (1 #cda ,natal r+s1 #ij1 #ia1 #cbh1 #cbi 8,na?an d] ,weise10 tale ( r+s 91 #cdf1 #cdg ,national ,geographic ,society1 #hc ,national ,hung>ian ,museum1 #af1 #cah ,national ,museum at ,/4 ,g]ma9-en-,laye1 #aba ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #he ,navajo ,indians1 r+s (1 #bb-cj ,nelson1 ,admiral ,horatio1 memorial r+s (1 #dd ,n]o1 signet (1 #acj ,new ,gall]y1 ,london1 #bbe ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society1 #aah ,newall1 ,edw>d ,t41 viii ,nibelung5 ,r+1 #cjc ,nid]1 ,johann1 leg5d ( miracul\s nun's r+ 9 8 ,=mic>ius1 #bhf ,niello1 h[ made & appli$1 #bga ,nippur1 record ( em]ald r+ f\nd at1 #d1 #e ,noe1 ,sydney ,p41 viii ,norfolk1 ,duke (1 donates r+ ( ,james ,,iv ( ,scotl&1 #aha ,numa ,pompilius1 iron r+s worn 9 age (1 #aj r+s on /atues (1 #eb ,nuns' r+s1 #bhd-bhf ,o ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society1 #ai ,om9\s sub/itution = a w$d+ r+ 9 a ,scot* leg5d1 #bbf 8,oneirocritica0 ( ,artemidorus1 #cg ,onyx1 #ci1 #aaa1 #aeh1 #aei1 #cbh ,opal1 #hf1 #bbg1 #bfi1 #bia ,ord]s & societies1 r+s (1 #ccb1 #ccc ,orig9 ( ! r+1 #a-cb ,o/by ,b>ton ,co41 ix ,o?man1 loses ,mohamm$'s seal1 #ada ,otto ,,iii ( ,g]many1 ord]s dis9t]m5t ( ,*>lemagne's rema9s1 #cjb ,ov]bury1 ,sir ,?omas1 #ahi ,ovid1 portrait r+ (1 #eg on a r+ gift1 #aic ,ow51 ,sir ,ri*>d1 #aif ,p 8,pacify+ r+10 #bcc ,papal r+s1 #bfb-bfe ,passion1 heal+ r+ ) emblems ( !1 #cdh1 #cdi ,pe>l1 #cd1 #ej1 #fj1 #gh1 #hg1 #aad1 #ahj1 #bcf1 #beb1 #ccd1 #cce figur$ on portrait ( ,que5 ,m>y ,i ( ,engl&1 #fj ,pe>y1 ,admiral ,rob]t ,e41 ix ,pectunculas %ells1 r+s made (1 #ag ,pelissi]1 ,georges1 ix ,pembroke1 ,william ,h]b]t1 ,"l1 enjo9s 9 8 w t 8 wid[ %all ent] ord] ( wid[hood1 #bhf ,pepys1 ,samuel1 8 beque/ ( r+s to 8 fri5ds1 #da ,p]fume r+s1 #ch ,p]idot 7*rysolite71 #ba1 #hf1 #bbg1 #cce ,p]sian r+s1 #b1 #hj1 #ajc1 #aaf1 #abb1 #abc ,p]ugia1 betro?al r+ ( ! ,virg9 at1 #ajj1 #bbb1 #beh-bfa ,p]uvian r+s1 #hc ,pes>o1 ,antonio1 #fa ,pet]s1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,john ,p41 viii1 #afj ,pet]s1 ,miss ,joan ,/4 ,mi*ael1 signet own$ by1 #afj ,petr>*1 on ruby r+ ( ,john ,,ii ( ,france1 #afd ,petrie1 ,william ,fl9d]s1 ix ,ph5acite1 #hf ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa91 r+ s5t to by ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 #ahe1 #ahf at consecration ( 8cramp r+s10 #bde ,philo/ratus1 ,flavius1 #bif ,phocus1 r+ (1 #i ,phnician r+s1 #fh1 #aba ,physicians' r+s1 #cde ,piccolom9i ,collection1 #ga ,pi]ce1 ,presid5t1 r+ giv5 to1 #hd ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*1 #fb ,pilloy1 ,l41 #ei ,pipe-/opp] r+1 #id ,pius ,,ii1 ,pope1 r+ (1 #bfb ,pius ,,vi1 #bfc1 #bfd ,pius ,,ix1 #bfc1 #bha ,planet>y r+s1 #bif1 #cbg1 #cbh1 #cea ,plasma1 #bgd ,plat9um r+s1 #bbi1 #bcj ,plato1 blames ,ari/otle = we>+ r+s1 #cb on r+ ( ,gyges1 #bij1 #bia ,plautus1 r+ m5tion$ by1 9 8 8,miles ,gloriosus10 #aic1 #aid ( seal+ up h\sehold goods1 #acc ,pl9y1 #a1 #h1 #aj1 #ec1 #ajd1 #aba1 #aie1 #aii1 #ccf ,plot9a1 wife ( ,trojan1 suppos$ r+ (1 #ga ,plut>*1 #h1 #abc ,pococke1 ,bi%op1 #aia ,poison r+1 9 anci5t ,rome1 #cf ( ,hannibal1 #cf ( ,demo/h5es1 #cf ,rubb9ical1 #cf ( ! ,borgias1 #cg ,egmont's1 #ch ,poli% r+s1 #fe ,polycrates1 r+ (1 #abj-abb ,polygnotus1 r+s 9 pictures by1 #i ,pompey1 #ed signet (1 #abg1 #acj ,pomphonica1 ,roman lady1 r+ (1 #cc ,pope1 ,alex&]1 #aab ,porphyry1 #if ,portrait r+s1 #gf ,portraits illu/rat+ r+-we>+1 #fj-fd1 #adh1 #aeb1 #ahh1 #bgh ,portuguese r+s1 #agb1 #agc1 #cbh1 #cbi 8,posies0 = r+s1 selection (1 #bcg-bdg ,prado ,gall]y1 ,madrid1 #fj ,prehnite1 #cce ,pr9ce1 ,john ,dyneley1 viii1 #cfe ,prome!us1 leg5d z to r+ (1 #a1 #b ,prop]tius1 ( a r+ burn$ 9 a fun]al pyre1 #acd ,protonot>ies' r+s1 #bha ,prov]bs1 ,fr5*1 reg>d+ r+s1 #gf ,pueblo ,bonito1 ,nev41 r+s f\nd at1 #ajh ,pueblo ru9s ( ,arizona & ,new ,mexico1 r+s f1 #ag ,purposes1 special1 ( r+ we>+1 #cb-ej ,puzzle r+s1 #bai ,pyrite1 #cce ,py?ias1 ,knights (1 r+s (1 #ccd ,q ,quicksilv] r+s1 #cbh1 #cea ,r ,rabbies' r+s1 #beb1 #bec ,rafael's 8,sposalizio0 9 ,br]a ,gall]y1 ,milan1 #bjc ,raleigh1 ,sir ,walt]1 l9es writt5 ) diamond r+ by1 #afi 8,ramayana10 r+s m5tion$ 9 !1 #gg ,rameses ,,ii1 r+ (1 #bdi ,rameses ,,iii1 r+s 9 "t (1 #ig ,ra?bun1 ,r41 ix ,read1 ,sir ,*>les ,h]cules1 ix1 #eh1 #ii ,reale ,gall]ia d',arte ,antica1 ,rome1 #fj 8,regal ( ,france10 l>ge diamond 9 ornam5t giv5 by ,l\is ,,vii to %r9e ( ,/4 ,?omas ,becket1 #ahc 8,reg>d ,r+s10 #bbg ,re9a*1 ,salomon1 #aba ,religi\s use ( r+s1 #bdi-bhg 8,repeal ,r+10 #ej 8,reyn>d ! 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,conqu]or1 tomb (1 at ,ca5 de/roy$ by ,hugu5ots1 #agi ,william ,rufus1 r+ f\nd 9 tomb (1 #agi ,william ,i ( ,g]many1 #agb signet ( us$ by ,william ,,ii1 #aeh ,william ,,iv1 ( ,engl&1 ,coronation ,r+ (1 #bhc ,william de ,/4 ,b>b>a1 r+ (1 #bge ,wilson1 ,presid5t ,woodr[1 signet-r+ (1 vi1 #afa ,w9sl[1 ,isaac1 memorial r+ (1 #dg ,w9sl[1 ,josiah1 #dg ,wiseman1 ,c>d9al1 manuscript describ+ ,soless+ ( 8cramp r+s10 own$ by1 #cdd1 #cde ,wis]1 ,david1 #ajh ,wissl]1 ,cl>k1 viii 8,wolfdietri*10 /ory ( magic r+ 91 #cje1 #cjf ,wolt]1 ,*>lotte1 r+ (1 #ij ,wood=d1 ,g5]al ,sir ,john1 #afe ,woodl&1 ,!odore ,m41 viii ,writ+ ) diamond r+1 #afh-agj ,wu ,t+ ,fang1 jade r+s (1 #ajg1 #ajh ,wykeham1 ,bi%op1 r+ (1 #bge ,wyman1 ,walt] ,c41 viii ,wytlesey1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 r+ (1 #bge ,x ,x]xes1 signet (1 #abb ,y 8,ywa9e & ,gaw910 romance1 magic r+ 91 #caj ,z ,z]ubbabel1 r+ (1 #ace ,zick1 ,/ephan1 ivory r+ made by1 #ge ,zircon 7jac9?17 #gh1 #hf1 #abd1 #cdj ,zodiacal r+s1 #he1 #cbh1 #cbi ,,footnotes3 #a ,gr&*ild4 #b ,great gr&*ild4 #c ,signet ( ! au?or1 read+ ,george ,f4 ,kunz1 ,new ,york4 ,engrav$ ^u a d>k r$ s>d1 9 ,teh]an1 ,p]sia1 9 #ahie4 #d ,fossey1 8,la magie assyri5ne10 ,p>is1 #aijb1 p4 #hc4 #e ,dlgation en ,p]se1 ,mmoires publis s\s la direction de ,m4 ,j4 de ,morgan1 vol4 viii1 8,re*]*es ar*ologiques10 #c;d s]41 ,p>is1 #aije1 pp4 #cba1 #cbb2 figur$ on p4 #cbj4 #f ,communicat$ by ! late ,dr4 ,william ,hayes ,w>d4 #g ,communicat$ by ! late ,dr4 ,william ,hayes ,w>d4 #h ,hilpre*t & ,clay1 8,bus9ess ,docum5ts ( ,mura% ,sons ( ,nippur03 ,! ,babylonian exp$ition ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,s]ies ,a3 ,cunei=m texts1 vol4 ix1 ,philadelphia1 #ahih1 p4 #cj4 #i ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman1 9 ! 444 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 pp4 #a1 #b1 #iig 7see pl4 xx72 also ! same au?or's ,catalogue ( ! ,jewell]y ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman1 9 ! 444 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london1 #aiaa1 p4 xvii4 #aj ,max ,ohnefals*-,ri*t]1 8,kypros1 ! ,bible1 & ,hom]10 ,london1 #ahic1 vol4 i1 p4 #cfg1 & vol4 ii1 plate xxxii1 fig4 #cb4 #aa ,/r5a ,helbig5a1 #gc2 ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 vol4 xxi1 p4 #aee1 fig4 #cc2 p4 #aei1 fig4 #ci2 ,s*liemann ,myc5 & ,tiryns1 pp4 #ced1 #cfj4 #ab ,see ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 op4 cit41 p4 #c2 r+s f ,enkomi1 ,cyprus4 #ac ,pauly's ,real ,encyclopdie d] ,alt]tumswiss5s*aft1 vol4 ix1 pt4 i1 col3 #hbg2 ,/uttg>t1 #aiad2 ,m>%all1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,london1 #aijg1 ,no4 #egd4 #ad ,corpus inscriptionum ,grc>um1 #cacg1 i1 #hg sq4 #ae ,le ,brun-,dalbanne1 8,les ,pi]res graves du trsor de la ca?drale de ,troyes10 ,p>is1 #ahhj1 p4 #cb4 #af ,ari/ophanes1 8,knights10 ,act ,,ii1 sc4 #d4 #ag liani1 8,v>ia hi/oria10 ,lib4 ,i1 cap4 xxi4 #ah ,lib4 xxxiii1 cap4 iv4 #ai ,ibid41 loc4 cit4 #bj ,m4 ,delo*e1 8,le port des anneaux dans l'antiquit roma9e1 et dans les premi]s sicles du moy5 ge02 extrait des ,mmoires de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles ,lettres1 vol4 xxxv1 ,p>is1 #ahif1 pp4 #d1 #e4 #ba ,titi ,livii1 8,ab urbe condita10 lib4 xxiii1 cap4 xii4 #bb ,sat4 iii1 l9es #aec-aef4 #bc ,titi ,livii1 8,ab urbe condita10 lib4 xlii1 cap4 xvi4 #bd ,val]ii ,maximi1 8,factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri ,,ix10 lib4 viii1 cap4 i4 #be ,see ,pl9ii1 8,naturalis ,hi/oria10 lib4 xxxiii1 cap4 xxiii4 #bf 8,naturalis ,hi/oria10 lib4 xxxiii1 cap4 xi4 #bg ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman10 9 ! 444 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london1 #aijg1 p4 xix1 cit+ ,macrobius1 ,saturnalia ,,iii1 #ad1 #ac1 & ,cic]o1 ,ad4 ,fam4 ,x1 #cb1 #b4 #bh ,clem5tis ,alex&r9i1 8,pdagogus10 lib4 iii1 cap4 ii4 #bi ,beck1 8,corpus juris civilis10 vol4 ii1 pp4 #djf1 #djg4 #cj 8,cimelio!ca ,musei ,nationalis ,hung>ici1 sive catalogus hi/orico-criticus antiquitatum1 r>itatum1 et pretiosorum--eius in/ituti10 ,bud1 #ahbe1 p4 #acf4 #ca ,corpus inscriptionum ,lat9>um1 vol4 i1 ,no4 #aajg4 #cb ,ibid41 vol4 xi1 ,no4 #abce4 #cc ,suetonii3 8,vita ,augu/i10 #gb4 #cd ,cic]o1 8,9 ,v]rem10 iv1 #be1 #bf4 #ce ,delo*e1 8,le port des anneaux dans l'antiquit roma9e1 et dans les premi]s sicles du moy5 ge10 ,p>is1 #ahif1 pp4 #df1 #dg2 extrait des ,mmoires de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles ,lettres1 vol4 xxxv1 "p ii4 #cf ,jesse ,walt] ,fewkes1 8,two ,summ]s' ,"w 9 ,pueblo ,ru9s10 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 vol4 xxii1 pt4 i1 p4 #ia4 ,also ! same writ]'s 8,casa ,gr&e1 ,arizona10 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 vol4 xxviii1 pp4 #adc1 #add2 r+s figur$ on pl4 lxxv1 fig4 ,a1 & 9 text cut1 fig4 #di4 #cg ,communications f ,pr(4 ,george ,grant ,mc,curdy1 ,curator1 ,an?ropological ,section ( ,peabody ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,yale ,univ]sity1 & f ,dr4 ,frank ,s4 ,daggett1 ,director1 ,museum ( ,hi/ory1 ,sci5ce & ,art1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4 #ch ,communicat$ by ,dr4 ,william ,c4 ,mills1 ,curator & ,libr>ian ( ! ,museum4 #ci ,w4 ,w4 ,blake1 8,! ,antiquities ( ,mexico10 ,new ,york1 #ahia1 p4 #gd1 figure4 #dj ,ibid41 p4 #gc1 figures4 #da ,w>r5 ,k4 ,moorehead1 8,primitive ,m5 9 ,ohio10 ,new ,york1 #ahib1 p4 #adh2 see plate xxvi1 p4 #aeb4 #db ,w>r5 ,k4 ,moorehead1 8,/one ,age 9 ,nor? ,am]ica10 ,bo/on & ,new ,york1 #aiaj1 vol4 i1 p4 #ddj1 fig4 #che1 r+ 9 ,collection ( ,b4 ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 #dc ,see ! writ]'s 8,magic ( ,jewels & ,*>ms10 ,philadelphia & ,london1 #aiae1 pp4 #ceb1 #cec2 color$ plate opp4 p4 #ceb4 #dd ,w>r5 ,k4 ,moorehead1 8,a ,n>ration ( ,exploration 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 ,indiana1 etc410 ,&ov]1 ,mass41 #aijf1 p4 #hi1 fig4 #de4 #de ,n nam$ aft] ,*>les ,l4 ,tiffany4 #df ,communicat$ by ,walt] ,h\gh1 ,act+ ,head ,curator1 ,dept4 ( ,an?ropology1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 #dg ,communicat$ by ,joseph ,k4 ,dixon1 ,secret>y ( ! ,national ,am]ican ,indian ,memorial ,association4 #dh ,! details 9 ?is & ! foll[+ p>agraphs are tak5 f ,wa%+ton ,mat!ws1 8,navajo ,silv]smi?s10 9 ! ,second ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 #ahhj-ahha1 ,wa%+ton1 #ahha1 pp4 #aga-agh4 #di ,op4 cit41 betwe5 pp4 #agd & #age1 plate %[+ silv]smi?'s %op set up ne> ,=t ,w+ate4 #ej 8,an ,e?nologic ,diction>y ( ! ,navaho ,language10 publi%$ by ! ,franciscan ,fa!rs1 ,sa9t ,mi*aels1 ,arizona1 #aiaj1 p4 #bga4 #ea ,?is is a well-pr9t$ octavo ( #ecf pages1 ) a mo/ compreh5sive index4 #eb ,op4 cit41 pp4 #bhc1 #bhd4 #ec ,communicat$ by ,admiral ,pe>y 9 a lett] to ! au?or1 ,febru>y #ac1 #aiaf4 #ed ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,antique ,gems10 ,london1 #ahfj1 p4 #bha2 cit+ lian1 iii1 #ai4 #ee ,fr$]ick ,william ,fairholt1 8,rambles ( an ,ar*ologi/10 ,london1 #ahga1 p4 #hf1 ) figure ( r+4 #ef ,j4 ,p4 ,m>iette1 8,trait des pi]res graves10 ,p>is1 #agej1 vol4 i1 p4 #ah4 #eg ,see ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! f+] r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 p4 xxvi1 note4 #eh ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 ,london1 #ahfc1 vol4 xx1 p4 #ge4 #ei ,london1 #ahec1 p4 #f4 #fj ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat]0 7,briti% ,museum71 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #abb1 ,no4 #gib1 pl4 xi4 #fa ,x4 ,b>bi] de ,montault1 8,le co/ume et les usages ecclsia/iques selon la tradition roma9e10 ,p>is1 #ahig1 vol4 i1 pp4 #agf1 #agg4 #fb ,hi/orical ,manuscripts ,commission1 ,report ( ,,mss4 9 v>i\s collections1 vol4 iv1 ,dubl91 #aijg1 p4 #ei4 #fc ,pl9ii1 ,hi/4 ,nat41 lib4 xxxiii1 cap4 xxv4 #fd 8,neuhebris*es und ,*aldis*es ,wrt]bu*10 by ,jacob ,levy1 ,leipzig1 #ahgi1 vol4 ii1 p4 #aci1 s4 v4 tabba'a?4 #fe ,artemidorus1 8,oneirocritica10 ii1 #e4 #ff ,dav5port1 8,jewelry10 ,*icago1 #aijh1 pp4 #abg1 #abh4 #fg ,fr$]ick ,william ,fairholt1 8,rambles ( an ,arti/10 ,london1 n4 d4 7#ahfe871 p4 #add1 fig4 #agg4 #fh ,john ,la?rop ,motley1 8,! ,rise ( ! ,dut* ,republic10 ,new ,york1 #ahef1 ,vol4 iii1 pp4 #eeh1 #eei1 cit+ a curi\s ,dut* pamphlet publi%$ at ,leyd5 9 #aehb & consi/+ ( two lett]s1 "o f ,bruges1 dat$ ,july #be1 #aehb1 ! o!r writt5 two days lat] f ,antw]p4 #fi ,c4 ,j4 ,s4 ,?ompson1 8,poison ,romance & ,poison ,my/]ies10 ,london1 n4d41 #b;d4 ed41 p4 #abc4 #gj ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+]-r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival1 & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 lv4 #ga ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,m$ival & ,lat]10 bequea!d by ,sir ,augu/us ,wolla/on ,franks 7,briti% ,museum71 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #bdc1 ,no4 #afih1 pl4 xxiii4 #gb ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat]0 7,briti% ,museum71 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #bde1 ,no4 #agjh1 pl4 xxiii4 #gc 8,memorial ,r+s1 ,*>les ! ,second to ,william ! ,f\r?1 9 ! ,possession ( ,fr$]ick ,ar?ur ,crisp10 privately pr9t$ 7,london74 ,! data 9 ?is & succe$+ p>agraphs treat+ ( memorial r+s1 are 7unless o!rwise not$7 d]iv$ f ?is valuable & int]e/+ "w4 #gd ,crisp ,collection1 ,no4 #ccd1 p4 #aae4 #ge ,no4 #fcb1 p4 #aig4 #gf ,crisp ,collection1 ,no4 #iha1 p4 #cag4 #gg ,no4 #afe1 p4 #fi4 #gh ,notes & ,qu]ies1 #aa? s]41 ,no4 #caa1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aiae1 p4 #dfi4 #gi ,a4 ,e4 ,cropp]1 8,"s ,notes ,on ,?ree ,classes or ,types ( ,r+s10 9 ,! ,connoisseur1 ,london1 vol4 xix1 p4 #ahd1 ,septemb] to ,decemb]1 #aijg4 #hj ,communicat$ by ,l4 ,we9+]1 ( ,vi5na4 #ha ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat]10 bequea!d by ,sir ,augu/us ,wolla/on ,franks1 ,k4,c4,b4 7,briti% ,museum1 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 xxxiii1 footnote47 #hb ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival1 & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #bjd1 ,no4 #adag4 #hc ,communicat$ by ,waldo ,l9coln1 ! own] ( ! r+4 #hd ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton3 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #bcb1 ,no4 #afbh4 #he ,sz5drei1 8,catalogue de la collection de bagues de ,mme4 de ,t>nczy10 ,p>is1 #ahhi1 pp4 #adb1 #adc4 #hf ,*>les ,edw>ds1 8,! ,hi/ory & ,poetry ( ,f+]-,r+s10 ,new ,york1 #ahee1 pp4 #hf-ij4 #hg ,hon4 ,r4 ,c4 ,neville 7#d? b>on ,braybrooke71 8,! ,romance ( ! ,r+1 or ! ,hi/ory & ,antiquity ( ,f+] ,r+s10 ,saffron ,wald51 #ahef1 pp4 #be1 #bf4 #hh ,londesbor\gh ,collection3 ,catalogue ( a collection ( anci5t & m$ival r+s & p]sonal ornam5ts1 ,london1 #ahec1 p4 #g4 ,privately pr9t$4 #hi ,compte r5du de la ,commission ,ar*4 de ,/4 ,pt]sb\rg1 #ahfd1 p4 #ahb4 #ij ,macrobii1 8,saturnalia10 ,lipsi1 #ahfh1 p4 #ddf1 lib4 vii1 cap4 #ac4 #ia 8,hi/oria ,naturalis10 lib] xxxiii1 #bd4 #ib ,sancti ,isidori ,hispal5sis ,episcopi1 8,op]a ,omnis10 vol4 iv1 col4 #gjb1 ,etymologi1 lib4 xix1 cap4 #cc1 vol4 lxxxii ( ,migne's ,patrologia ,lat9a1 ,p>is1 #ahej4 #ic 8,hi/oria ,naturalis10 lib4 xxxiii1 cap4 #f4 #id ,duffield ,osborne1 8,engrav$ ,gems10 ,new ,york1 #aiab1 p4 #ajg4 #ie ,pl9ii1 8,naturalis ,hi/oria10 lib4 xxxvii1 cap4 #aa4 #if ,m>tialis1 8,epigrammata10 xi1 #ei4 #ig ,m>tial1 ,bk4 ,,xiv1 ,no4 cxxiii2 f 8,m>tial translat$ into ,engli% prose10 ,london1 ,george ,bell ,sons1 #ahig4 #ih ,h>dy1 8,rotuli litt]>um pat5tium 9 tursi ,lond95si assev]ati10 ,london1 #ahce1 vol4 i1 pt4 i1 p4 #ee4 #ii ,rym]1 8,fd]a10 ,london1 #agbg1 vol4 i1 pp4 #hgh1 #hgi4 #ajj ,op4 cit41 vol4 ii1 pp4 #bdi1 #bej1 ,no4 #gfj1 illu/ration4 #aja ,s*aumi1 8,de annulis10 ,franc(urti1 #afbj1 cap4 ix4 #ajb ,col4 ,t4 ,c4 ,h5dley1 8,indian ,jewell]y10 ,london1 #aiji1 p4 #gi4 ,j\rnal ( ,indian ,art & ,indu/ry4 #ajc ,luciani1 8,op]a ,omnia10 ,p>is1 #afae1 p4 #gab4 #ajd ,juv5al ,sat4 ,i1 ll1 #bf-cj4 #aje ,s*aumi1 8,de annulis10 ,franc(urti1 #afbj1 cap4 iv4 #ajf ,tri/ia1 ,lib4 i1 el4 vii4 #ajg ,julii ,capitol9i1 8,maxim9i duo10 cap4 vi2 ,scriptores hi/4 ,augu/41 vol4 ii1 p4 #g4 #ajh ,delo*e1 8,le port des anneaux dans l'antiquit et dans les premi]s sicles du moy5 ge10 pp4 #fa-fc4 #aji ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat]1 bequea!d by ,sir ,augu/us ,wolla/on ,franks1 ,k4,c4,b4 7,briti% ,museum710 ,london1 #aiab1 pp4 xxv1 xxvii1 #a1 figs4 #f1 #ae4 #aaj ,b]?old ,lauf]1 8,notes on ,turquoise 9 ! ,ea/10 ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,pub4 #afi1 ,an?rop4 ,s]41 vol4 xiii1 ,no4 #a1 plate #a2 ,*icago1 ,july1 #aiac4 #aaa ,communicat$ by ,j4 ,ald5 ,weir1 ,n4,a41 9 lett] ( ,m>* #ae1 #aiaf4 #aab ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 vol4 iii1 p4 #bfh4 #aac ,john ,ogilby1 ,africa1 ,london1 #afga1 p4 #eei4 #aad ,vogel/e9 & ,rieg]1 8,ges*i*te d] ,jud5 9 ,rom10 vol4 i1 p4 #ccg4 #aae ,sir ,john ,g>dn] ,wilk9son1 8,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians10 vol4 iii1 p4 #cgc4 #aaf ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 p4 #ej1 ,nos4 #bgh-bha2 pl4 vii1 ,no4 #bha4 #aag ,see ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 pp4 xxxvii-xlix4 #aah ,figur$ 9 ,caylus1 8,receuil d'antiquits10 vol4 ii1 p4 #caj4 #aai ,sancti ,isidori ,hispal5sis ,episcopi1 8,op]a ,omnia10 vol4 iv1 col4 #gjb1 ,etymologi1 lib4 xix1 cap4 #cb2 vol4 lxxxii ( ,migne's ,patrologia ,lat9a1 ,p>is1 #ahej4 #abj ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,=tnum1 8,additional ,notes on ,f+] ,r+s & on ,"s ,engrav$ ,gems ( ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,p]iod10 ,ar*ological ,j\rnal4 #aba ,dom ,b]n>d de ,montfaucon1 8,l',antiquit expliqu10 ,p>is1 #agbd1 ,suppl41 vol4 viii1 p4 #dj2 pl4 xiv1 opp4 p4 #dc1 two views1 side & front4 #abb ,m4 ,delo*e3 8tude hi/orique et ar*ologique sur les anneaux sigillaires10 ,p>is1 #aijj1 pp4 #bbe1 #bbf1 figs4 #abc ,fri$ri* ,h5kel1 8,d] ,lors*] ,r+10 ,tri]1 #ahif4 #abd ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,notices ( ,glyptic ,ar*ology exhibit$ by ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute 9 ,june1 #ahfa10 ,london 7,report f ,ar*ological ,j\rnal71 p4 #ab4 #abe 8,catalogue ( ! ,special ,exhibition ( ,works ( ,art at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,june1 #ahfb10 section #cb1 8,r+s10 by ,edmund ,wat]ton1 p4 #fbb4 #abf ,de ,laborde1 8,notice des maux du ,muse du ,l\vre10 #b;d ,"p1 8,docum5ts et ,glossaire10 p4 #aca1 s4 v4 ,anel4 #abg ,cyril ,dav5port1 8,jewell]y10 ,*icago1 #aijh1 p4 #aah4 #abh ,william ,jones1 8,f+]-,r+ ,lore10 ,london1 #ahgg1 pp4 #dhg1 #dhh4 #abi ,t4 ,n4 ,mukh>ji1 8,art ,manufactures ( ,india10 ,calcutta1 #ahhh1 pp4 #aje-ajg4 #acj ,t4 ,n4 ,mukh>ji1 8,art ,manufactures ( ,india10 pp4 #abd-abh1 ,calcutta1 #ahhh4 #aca ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival1 & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #bdg1 fig4 #acb ,col4 ,t4 ,h4 ,h5dley1 8,indian ,jewell]y10 ,j\rnal ( ,indian ,art & ,indu/ry1 vol4 xii1 pp4 #d1 #e2 #aijg-aiji4 ,figs4 on plates #f1 #g1 #h1 #ae1 #ah4 #acc ,ibid41 p4 #ajc4 #acd ,communicat$ by ,dr4 ,b]?old ,lauf]1 ,curator ( ,an?ropology1 ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,*icago4 #ace ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,p>tridge1 ?r\gh ,mr4 ,walt] ,c4 ,wyman4 #acf ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/3 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #ccf1 ,no4 #bdbb1 ,pl4 xxx4 #acg ,communicat$ by ,dr4 ,t4 ,wada1 ( ,tokio4 #ach ,hiram ,b+ham1 8,! ,/ory ( ,ma*u ,pic*u10 9 ,! ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e1 ,febru>y1 #aiae1 pp4 #agb-bag4 #aci ,communicat$ by ,pr(4 ,fr$]ick ,/>r1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 #adj ,*>les ,edw>ds1 8,! ,hi/ory & ,poetry ( ,f+]-,r+s10 ,new ,york1 #ahhe1 pp4 #db-dd2 quot+ f ,gleason's ,pictorial ,newspap]1 ,decemb] #be1 #aheb4 #ada ,communicat$ by ,dr4 ,leon>d ,j4 ,sp5c]1 ,curator ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,m9]alogy1 ,briti% ,museum 7,nat4 ,hi/474 #adb ,figur$ 9 ,j\rnal d] ,golds*mi$e ,kun/1 #cj ,jahrg41 ,no4 #bg1 ,leipzig1 ,july #c1 #aiji1 p4 #bbj4 #adc ,see also p4 #cec ( ! pres5t "w4 #add ,communicat$ by ,l4 ,we9+]1 ( ,vi5na4 #ade ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #bdc1 ,no4 #agjj1 ,plate xxiii4 #adf ,sir ,*>les ,h]cules ,read1 8,! ,waddesdon ,beque/3 ,catalogue ( ! ,works ( ,art ,bequea!d to ! ,briti% ,museum by ,b>on ,f]d9& ,ro?s*ild1 ,m4,p410 #ahih2 ,london1 #aijb1 p4 #id4 #adg ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival1 & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #hg1 ,no4 #ega1 fig4 #adh ,communicat$ by ,l4 ,we9+]1 ( ,vi5na4 #adi ,! ,clevel& ,museum ( ,art1 ,catalogue ( ! ,inaugural ,exhibition1 ,june #f to ,septemb] #bj1 #aiaf1 ,clevel&1 #aiaf1 p4 #fh1 ,no4 #aji4 #aej ,fr$]ick ,william ,fairholt1 8,rambles ( an ,arti/10 ,london1 n4 d41 p4 #gg1 fig4 #hh4 ,a lat] edition ( ?is book1 dat$ #ahga1 be>s ! title1 8,rambles ( an ,ar*ologi/40 #aea ,f ! collection ( ,w4 ,g$ney ,beatty1 ,new ,york ,city4 #aeb 8,les bagues des tran*es10 ,l',illu/ration1 ,july #c1 #aiae1 p4 #bj1 ) cuts %[+ soldi]s at "w & specim5s ( _! r+s4 #aec ,fr$]ick ,william ,fairholt1 8,rambles ( an ,arti/10 ,london1 #ahhj1 p4 #ada1 fig4 #aga4 #aed ,morris ,ja/r[1 ,jr41 8,! ,civilization ( ,babylonia & ,assyria10 ,philadelphia & ,london1 #aiae1 pp4 #dei1 #dfj4 #aee ,sir ,j4 ,g>dn] ,wilk9son1 8,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians10 revis$ by ,samuel ,bir*1 ,new ,york1 #ahgi1 vol4 ii1 p4 #cdj1 note by ,bir*4 #aef ,juv5al1 sat4 vi1 #a1 #chb4 #aeg ,p]sius1 sat4 i1 l1 #af4 #aeh ,juv5al1 sat4 vii1 ll1 #adc1 #add4 #aei ,idem1 sat4 xiii1 ll1 #ach1 #aci4 #afj ,ulpian1 ,l41 #f sqq41 ,de bon4 damnat4 #afa ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman1 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 pp4 #abg-abi1 pl4 xx1 #ggh1 #ghe1 #gij1 & text figures #ajf1 #ajg on p4 #abi4 #afb ,f a p]sonal lett] to ! writ]1 dat$ ,febru>y #ba1 #aiaf4 #afc ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,antique ,gems & ,r+s10 ,london1 #ahgb1 p4 #cgc4 #afd ,see pp4 #bbb1 #beh-bfa ( pres5t "w1 & plate opposite p4 #caf ( ! writ]'s1 8,! ,curi\s ,lore ( ,preci\s ,/ones10 ,philadelphia & ,london1 #aiac4 #afe ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 p4 #aaj1 ,no4 #fed1 pl4 xvii4 #aff ,bosio1 8,roma ,sott]anea10 ,rom1 #afgb1 vol4 i1 p4 #baa4 #afg ,gorli1 8,dactylio!ca10 #afgb1 vol4 i1 p4 #baa2 cit$ 9 8,dictionnaire d',ar*ologie ,*rti5ne et de ,liturgie10 ,p>is1 #aijg1 vol4 ii1 col4 #baid1 figures4 #afh ,k+1 8,natural ,hi/ory ( ,preci\s ,/ones10 ,london1 #ahgj1 p4 #big4 #afi ,blo*mann1 8,a9-i-,akb>i10 ,calcutta1 #ahga1 p4 #dad & ,wills1 8,! ,l& ( ! ,lion & ! ,sun10 ,london1 #ahhc1 p4 #cgf2 cit$ 9 ,ball1 8,a ,description ( ,two ,l>ge ,sp9el ,rubies10 ,dubl91 #ahid1 p4 #cij2 repr9t f ,proc4 ( ! ,roy4 ,ir4 ,soc41 #c;d s]41 vol4 iii1 ,no4 #b4 #agj ,t4 ,h4 ,h5dley1 8,indian ,jewell]y10 ,j\rnal ( ,indian ,art & ,indu/ry1 vol4 xii1 #aijg-aiji1 p4 #aff2 pl4 #ada4 ,gul-,begum1 8,! ,hi/ory ( ,humyn10 translat$ by ,annette ,s4 ,bev]idge1 ,london1 #aijb1 p4 #aba1 note2 ,ori5t ,trans4 ,fund1 n4 s41 vol4 i4 #aga ,hodd] ,m4 ,we/ropp1 8,a ,manual ( ,preci\s ,/ones & ,antique ,gems10 ,london1 #ahgd1 p4 #abj4 ,no4 #afbg ( ,briti% ,museum ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman1 9 ! ,dept4 ( ,antiquities1 by ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 ,london1 #aijg4 #agb ,oneirocritica1 lib4 ii1 cap4 #e4 #agc ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 p4 xxxvii2 see plate xxiv1 ,nos4 #afba1 #afbd4 #agd ,figur$ 9 ,leviticus1 8,geillu/re]de encyclop$ie d] diamantnijv]heid10 ,ha>lem1 #aijg1 p4 #bbi4 #age 8,! ,heb] ,r4 ,bi%op ,collection ( ,jades10 ,new ,york1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bei1 illu/ration4 #agf ,sci5ce1 vol4 iv1 ,no4 #hb1 pp4 #agb1 #agc1 ) cut ( ! r+2 vol4 iv1 ,no4 #he1 pp4 #bgj1 #bga1 communication by ,edw>d ,s4 ,morse on ! subject2 vol4 vi1 ,no4 #abf1 ,july #c1 #ahhe1 reply ( ,george ,f4 ,kunz1 cit+ lett] ( ,lieut4 ,g4 ,c4 ,f\lke1 ,u4,s4,n41 ( ,u4 ,s4 ,legation at ,se\l1 ,corea4 #agg ,communicat$ by ,/ew>t ,cul91 ,brooklyn ,in/itute4 #agh ,he9ri* ,fis*]1 8,nephrit und ,jadeit10 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhj1 pp4 #ci1 #ccd1 fig4 #eb on page #ci4 #agi ,george ,h4 ,pepp]1 8,! ,exploration ( a ,burial ,room 9 ,pueblo ,bonito1 ,new ,mexico10 ,putnam ,anniv]s>y ,volume1 ,new ,york1 #aiji1 p4 #bdd1 fig4 #g4 #ahj ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman1 9 ! 444 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 p4 xxxii4 #aha ,a natural or artificial mixture ( gold & silv] f\nd native at ,vorospotak1 ,transylvania1 & else:]e1 m5tion$ by ,h]odotus4 ,! electros1 1 ( ,hom] & ,/rabo2 ,pl9y1 xxxiii1 #bc2 al?\gh ?is ^w 0 mo/ frequ5tly us$ to designate amb]4 ,v>y+ 9 specific gravity f #ae4e to #ab4e4 ,! ratio ( gold to silv] is #a3a4 ,specific gravity ( gold1 #ai4cc2 silv]1 pure1 #aj4e2 correspond to #ce4c p] c5t4 ( silv]1 gold #fd4g p] c5t4 ,pl9y /ates t :5 ! proportion ( silv] to gold is #a3d 7#bj p] c5t471 x is call$ electra4 #ahb ,corpus ,inscriptionum ,attic>um1 ii 7#e71 #gfg b1 #a1 #ai4 #ahc ,j4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman1 9 ! 444 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 p4 xxxi4 #ahd 8,heliodor\ ,ai?iopikn1 biblia deka10 ,p>isiois1 #ahjd1 pt4 i1 pp4 #aij-aib4 #ahe ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,preci\s ,/ones & ,gems10 ,london1 #ahfe1 p4 #fd4 #ahf ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 pp4 xxxv1 xxxvi4 #ahg 8,cimelio!ca ,musei ,nationalis ,hung>ici sive catalogus hi/orico-criticus antiquitatum r>itatum et pretiosorum eius in/ituti10 ,bud1 #ahbe1 p4 #acf4 #ahh ,francis ,coh51 8,/4 ,m>t9's r+s10 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xviii1 pt4 i1 ,london1 #ahae1 pp4 #ee1 #ef4 #ahi ,communicat$ by ,pr(4 ,a4 ,v4 ,williams ,jackson1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 :o cites ,g4 ,b4 ,br[ne's 8,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ,p]sia0 7,london & ,new ,york1 #aijf71 vol4 ii1 p4 #abc1 note #c1 & ,l\isa ,/u>t ,co/ello1 8,rose ,g>d5 ( ,p]sia10 ,london1 #ahhg1 p4 #cc4 #aij ,briti% ,museum1 ,f\r? ,egyptian ,room1 ,no4 #bja 7,table ,case ,j74 #aia ,briti% ,museum1 ,f\r? ,egyptian ,room1 ,no4 #bjb4 #aib ,briti% ,museum1 ,f\r? ,egyptian ,room1 ,no4 #bjd4 #aic ,briti% ,museum1 ,f\r? ,egyptian ,room1 ,no4 #bag4 #aid ,w4 ,m4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 8,a ,hi/ory ( ,egypt ,dur+ ! ,,xvii & ,,xviii ,dyna/ies10 ,london1 #aijd1 pp4 #i1 #aj4 #aie ,w4 ,m4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 8,a ,hi/ory ( ,egypt f ! ,e>lie/ ,times to ! ,,xvi ,dyna/y10 ,new ,york1 #ahie1 p4 #db4 #aif ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society1 8,catalogue ( ,egyptian ,antiquities10 ,new ,york1 #aiae1 p4 #fc2 ,no4 #ajdf1 figs4 #a1 #b & #c4 #aig ,adolph ,furtwngl]1 8,die ,antik5 ,gemm510 ,leipzig & ,b]l91 #aijj1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ca4 #aih ,a descriptive atlas ( ! ,cesnola ,collection ( ,cypriote ,antiquities 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york1 by ,l\is ,p4 di ,cesnola1 vol4 iii1 pt4 i1 ,new ,york1 #aijc1 pl4 xxiv1 ,nos4 #ab & #ac4 #aii ,ibid41 pl4 xxv1 figs4 #aj & #ab4 #bjj ,alex&] ,palma di ,cesnola1 8,salam9ia 7,cyprus71 ,! ,hi/ory1 ,treasures & ,antiquities ( ,salamis 9 ! ,isl& ( ,cyprus10 ,london1 #ahhd1 p4 #gc1 figs4 #g & #ac on pl4 vii4 #bja ,lib4 iii1 caps4 #dj-dc4 #bjb ,pdagogus1 lib4 iii1 cap4 ii4 #bjc ,adolf ,furtwngl]1 8,die ,antik5 ,gemm510 ,b]l91 #aijj1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bgc1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ha2 see vol4 i1 plate lxi1 ,no4 #aa4 #bjd ,re9a*1 8,cultes1 ,my!s et ,religions10 ,p>is1 #aijf1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bad4 #bje ,duffield ,osborne1 8,gem ,engrav+10 ,new ,york1 #aiab1 p4 #bhg4 #bjf ,luciani1 8,op]a10 vol4 iii1 ,lipsi1 #ahha1 pp4 #aai1 #abj4 ,philopseudes1 #cg4 #bjg ,plut>*i1 8,vit10 vol4 ii1 ,lipsi1 #ahgi1 p4 #cb4 ,timoleon1 #ca4 #bjh 8,de rebus ge/is ,alex&ri ,magni1 regis ,mac$oni10 lib4 vi1 ,no4 #f4 #bji ,ju/9i1 8,hi/ori>um phillipic>um libri ,,xliv10 lib4 xv1 cap4 #d4 #baj ,adolf ,furtwngl]1 8,die antik5 ,gemm510 ,leipzig & ,b]l91 #aijj1 vol4 iii1 p4 #aej4 #baa 8,le ,cab9et de la ,biblio?que de ,sa9te ,g5evive10 by ! ,rev4 ,fa!r ,claude du ,mol9et1 ,p>is1 #afib1 p4 #bi4 #bab 8,! ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 ( ,preci\s ,/ones & ,gems10 ,london1 #ahfe1 pp4 #fj1 #fa2 ,an?ology ix1 #geb2 ix1 #gdh4 #bac ,m4 ,tullii ,cic]onis1 8,9 ,v]rem1 lib4 iv10 ,oratio nona1 cap4 #bf4 #bad ,cic]onis1 8,9 ,catil9am10 iii1 cap4 v4 #bae ,georgii ,longi1 8,de annulis signatoriis antiquorum10 ,franc(urti et ,lipsi1 #agji1 p4 #bd1 cit+ ,plut>*'s life ( ,pompey4 #baf ,ibid41 p4 #dj4 #bag ,ibid41 p4 #aae4 #bah ,edw>d ,t4 ,newell1 8,hi/oria numorum10 ,ox=d1 #aiaa1 p4 #aei4 #bai ,w4 ,j4 ,&rew1 8,a ,rem>kable ,ho>d ( ,silv] ,p5nies & ,halfp5nies ( ! ,reign ( ,/eph51 f\nd at ,%eldon1 ,d]by%ire1 9 #ahfg10 9 ,! ,briti% ,numismatic ,j\rnal1 #a/ s]41 vol4 vii 7#aiaa71 pp4 #eb1 #ef2 see pl4 ii1 fig4 #bg4 #bbj ,p4 ,j4 ,m>iette1 8,trait des pi]re graves10 ,p>is1 #agej1 vol4 i1 pp4 #bc1 #bd4 #bba ,p4 ,j4 ,m>iette1 8,trait des pi]re graves10 ,p>is1 #agej1 vol4 i1 p4 #bj4 #bbb ,georgii ,longi1 8,de anulis signatoriis antiquorum10 p4 #be2 ,artemidori1 8,oneirocriticon10 lib4 v1 cap4 #cb1 i1 #gji4 #bbc ,josephus1 8,hi/ory ( ! ,jews10 book xix1 *ap4 #b4 #bbd ,act ,,ii1 sc4 i1 v]4 #eh4 #bbe ,vopisci1 8,divus ,aurelianus10 9 ,scriptores hi/4 ,augu/41 vol4 ii1 p4 #ahd4 #bbf ,abb ,b>r&1 8,des bagues t\tes les poques10 ,p>is1 #ahfd1 p4 #agg2 repr9t f ,bullet9 ,monum5tal1 vol4 xxx4 #bbg ,pl9ii1 8,naturalis ,hi/oria10 lib4 xxxiii4 #bbh ,suetonii1 8,vita ,cs>um10 ,tib]ius4 #bbi ,lib4 iv1 ,no4 vii4 #bcj ,alb]t ,g4 ,mackey1 8,! ,book ( ! ,*apt]3 or ,monitorial ,in/ructions 9 ! ,degrees ( ,m>k1 ,pa/ & ,mo/ ,excell5t ,ma/] & ! ,royal ,ar*10 ,new ,york1 #aheh1 p4 #abh4 #bca 8,le ,cab9et de la ,biblio?que de ,sa9te ,g5evive10 by ! ,rev4 ,fa!r ,claude du ,mol9et1 ,p>is1 #afib1 p4 #c1 pl4 #h1 fig4 #e1 impression ( seal2 ! lett]s are r irregul>ly dispos$4 #bcb ,clem5tis ,alex&r9i1 8,pdagogus10 lib4 iii1 cap4 ii4 #bcc ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] 7,briti% ,museum710 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #abj1 ,no4 #ggh4 #bcd ,,ss4 ,z5onis et ,optati1 8,op]a omnia10 9 ,migne's ,patrologia ,lat9a1 vol4 xi1 ,p>is1 #ahde2 ,s4 ,optati1 8,de s*ismate ,donati/i>um10 lib4 i1 cap4 #aj1 note4 #bce ,philippi ,labbi & ,coss>ti1 8,sacrosancta concilia10 vol4 iv1 col4 #adjc4 #bcf ,delo*e1 8,le port des anneaux dans l'antiquit roma9e1 et dans les premi]s sicles du moy5 ge10 ,p>is1 #ahif1 pp4 #ajh1 #aji2 f ,mmoires de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles ,lettres1 vol4 xxxv4 #bcg ,m4 ,delo*e 9 ,revue ar*ologique1 #c;d ,s]ies1 #ahhf1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ada & #ahic1 vol4 i1 p4 #bfi4 #bch ,see also ! same writ]'s 8tude hi/orique et ar*ologique sur les anneaux sigillaires10 ,p>is1 #aijj1 p4 #bjc1 fig4 ,?is r+ 0 f\nd at ,laon1 dept4 ,aisne4 #bci 8,ana/asis ,*ild]ici ,i ,francorum regis1 sive ,!saurus sepul*ralis ,tornaci ,n]viorum effossus et comm5t>io illu/ratus10 ,antv]pis1 ex (fic9a ,plantaniana ,bal?az>is ,moreti1 #afee4 ,?is is a qu>to ( #cfg pages1 ) #bg plates & copp]-plate engrav+s4 #bdj ,delo*e 8,anneaux ,sigillaires10 ,p>is1 #aijj1 pp4 #aib1 #aic4 #bda ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,on ! ,use ( ,antique ,gems 9 ! ,middle ,ages40 #bdb 8,prolgomnes ,hi/oriques10 ( ,ibn4 ,kald\n1 9 ,notices et ,extraits des ,manuscripts de la ,biblio?que ,impriale1 vol4 xx1 pt4 i1 pp4 #fa-fb1 ,p>is1 #ahfe4 #bdc ,burton1 8,supplem5t>y ,nights10 #ahfh1 vol4 v1 p4 #eb4 #bdd ,hamm]-,purg/all1 8,abh&lung b] die ,siegel d] ,arab]1 ,p]s5 und ,trk510 ,d5ks*rift5 d] ,kais]l4 ,akad4 d] ,wiss5s*aft51 ,phil4-,hi/4 ,kl41 ,wi51 #ahej1 p4 #bi4 #bde ,ibid41 p4 #a4 #bdf ,g>zoni1 8,piazza ,univ]sale10 ,g]man transl41 ,franckfurt am ,ma91 #afda1 p4 #fig4 #bdg ,jean ,bapti/e ,tav]ni]1 8,relation du ,s]rail10 ,p>is1 #agjb1 pp4 #dhj1 #dha4 #bdh ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,byzant9e ,art & ,ar*ology10 ,ox=d1 #aiaa1 p4 #edj2 figs4 #cai1 #cbj on p4 #ecg4 #bdi ,nicetas1 8,hi/oire de l',empire ,grec1 ,rgne de ,john ,comnnus10 ,p>is1 #afic1 p4 #g4 #bej ,p4 ,j4 ,m>iette1 8,trait des pi]res graves10 ,p>is1 #agej1 vol4 i1 p4 #ba4 #bea 8,catalogue ( ! ,special ,exhibition ( ,works ( ,art at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,june1 #ahfb10 section #cb1 8,r+s10 by ,edmund ,wat]ton1 p4 #fbb4 #beb ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,antique ,gems & ,r+s10 ,london1 #ahgb1 p4 #cii4 #bec ,jules ,lab>te1 8,diss]tation sur l'ab&on de la glyptique en ,occid5t au ,moy5 ,age et sur l'poque de la r5aissance de cet art10 ,p>is1 #ahga1 pp4 #ab-ah4 #bed ,lab>te1 8,inv5taire du mobili] de ,*>les ,v10 ,p>is1 #ahgi1 p4 #hf1 ,no4 #eee4 #bee ,joannis ,cantacuz5i1 8,hi/ori10 vol4 i1 lib4 iii1 cap4 xlvii4 #bef ,migne's ,patrologia ,grca1 vol4 cliii1 ,p>is1 #ahff4 #beg ,emil ,hannov] 9 8,politikon0 ,kjob5havn1 ,april #aj1 #aiaa4 #beh ,c4 ,drury ,=tnum1 8,notes ,on ,"s ( ! ,antique & ,r5aissance ,gems & ,jewels 9 ,h] ,maje/y's ,collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le10 ,london1 #ahgf1 pp4 #ab1 #ac2 cut d\ble l9e> size on p4 #ac4 #bei ,ibid41 p4 #ae4 #bfj ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] 7,briti% ,museum710 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 xxxi4 #bfa 8,catalogue ( ! ,special ,exhibition ( ,works ( ,art at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,june1 #ahfb10 section #cb1 8,r+s10 by ,edmund ,wat]ton1 p4 #fbc4 #bfb ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat]1 bequea!d by ,sir ,augu/us ,wolla/on ,franks1 ,k4,c4,b4 7,briti% ,museum710 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 li1 footnote4 #bfc ,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] 7,briti% ,museum71 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #ec4 #bfd ,see also ,catalogue ( ! ,books1 ,manuscripts1 ,works ( ,art & ,relics1 at pres5t exhibit$ 9 ,%akespe>e's ,bir?place1 ) #fa illu/rations1 ,/rat=d-^u-,avon1 #aiaj4 #bfe ,halliwell1 8,life ( ,william ,%akespe>e10 ,london1 #ahdh1 p4 #ccd4 #bff 8,catalogue ( an ,exhibition ,illu/rative ( ! ,text ( ,%akespe>e's ,plays10 ,new ,york1 ,! ,groli] ,club1 #aiaf1 plate opposite p4 #if1 f a mezzot9t by ,g4 ,f4 ,/orm1 #ahdg4 #bfg ,see ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xlvii1 #cic1 & vol4 #a1 p4 #aad4 #bfh ,vol4 xlvii1 ,london1 #ahhc1 p4 #cic4 ,! orig9al docum5t is 9 ! privy seal books ( ! ,cl]k ( ! ,pells1 n[ 9 ! ,public ,record ,(fice1 ,no4 #aa1 p4 #adb4 #bfi 8,les six voyages de ,jean ,bapi/e ,tav]ni]10 ,la ,haye1 #agah1 vol4 i1 pp4 #edj1 #eda4 #bgj ,h4 ,clif=d-,smi?1 8,! ,k+'s ,gems & ,jewels at ,w9dsor ,ca/le10 ,! ,connoisseur1 #aijc1 vol4 v1 p4 #bdd4 #bga ,=tnum1 8,collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le10 ,london1 #ahgf1 p4 #ada4 #bgb ,c4 ,drury ,=tnum1 8,notes on ,"s ( ! ,antique & ,r5aissance ,gems & ,jewels 9 ,h] ,maje/y's ,collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le10 ,london1 #ahgf1 pp4 #bf1 #bg4 #bgc ,george ,fr$]ick ,kunz1 8,! ,etiquette ( ,gems10 ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/1 ,june #bg1 #aijh1 p4 #e4 #bgd ,augu/a ,huiell ,seaman1 8,! ,sapphire ,signet10 ,new ,york1 ,! ,c5tury ,co41 #aiaf4 #bge ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,preci\s ,/ones10 ,london1 #ahgj1 p4 #bed2 ,duffield ,osborne1 8,engrav$ ,gems10 ,new ,york1 #aiab1 p4 #bic4 ,fir/ publi%$ by ,ducange1 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 #bgf ,f lett]s ( ,ex-,presid5t ,taft & ( ,private ,secret>y ,tumulty to ! au?or4 #bgg ,*ab\illet1 8,catalogue gnral et raisonn des cames et pi]res graves de la ,biblio?que ,nationale10 ,p>is1 #aheh1 p4 #chh1 #chi2 ,nos4 #bfcf1 #bfci4 #bgh ,m4 ,delo*e1 8tude hi/orique et ar*ologique sur les anneaux sigillaires et autres des premi]s sicles du moy5 ge10 ,p>is1 #aijj1 pp4 #ij-ib1 figure4 #bgi 8,! ,guli/n or ,rose ,g>d510 trans4 by ,edw>d ,b4 ,ea/wick1 ,london1 #ahhj1 p4 #adh4 #bhj ,francisci ,petr>*1 8,de rem$iis10 ,g5ev1 #afac1 p4 #aea4 #bha ,francisci ,petr>*1 op4 cit41 p4 #adg4 #bhb ,lab>te1 8,inv5taire du mobili] de ,*>les ,v10 ,p>is1 #ahgi1 p4 #hc1 ,no4 #ebd4 #bhc ,ibid41 p4 #hj1 ,no4 #dia4 #bhd ,ibid41 p4 #af1 note2 = ! ruby ( ! dukes ( ,brittany1 see p4 #hj1 ,no4 #dib4 #bhe ,sz5drei1 8,catalogue de la collection de bagues de ,mme4 ,t>nczy10 ,p>is1 #ahhi1 pp4 xxvii1 xxviii4 #bhf ,*roniques d',engu]r& de ,mon/relet1 ,p>is1 #aeif1 vol4 ii1 8,autres n\velles *roniques10 f4 #ee recto4 ,^! 8new *ronicles0 are f v>i\s s\rces1 & 7 compos$ by "o ( ! cont9uators ( ,mon/relet's "w4 #bhg ,ibid41 f4 #gh recto4 #bhh ,communicat$ by ,l4 ,we9+]1 ( ,vi5na4 #bhi ,see = orig9al acc\nts ,lettres 9dites de la ,re9e ,m>gu]ite1 pt4 i2 ,brantme1 ed4 ,lalanne1 vol4 ix1 p4 #gae & also ,b]mi]1 ,hi/4 de ,blois1 ,p>is1 #afhb1 p4 #h4 #bij ,cyril ,dav5port1 8,jewell]y10 ,*icago1 #aijh1 p4 #abf4 #bia ,!odore ,&rea ,cook1 8,old ,t\ra9e10 ,new ,york1 #ahie1 p4 #aie4 #bib ,catalogue ( a collection ( anci5t & m$ival r+s & p]sonal ornam5ts1 ,london1 #ahec1 p4 #ae4 ,privately pr9t$4 #bic ,cyril ,dav5port1 8,jewell]y10 ,*icago1 #aijh1 p4 #abg4 #bid ,s4 ,d4 ,c4 9 ,! ,bo/on ,*ronicle1 ,feb4 #ag1 #agfi1 f a copy 9 ! ,union ,league ,club ,libr>y1 ,new ,york ,city4 #bie ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,notices ( ,collections ( ,glyptic ,art exhibit$ by ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute 9 ,june1 #ahfa10 pp4 #bj1 #ba2 repr9t f ,ar*ological ,j\rnal4 #bif ,see ,s*neid]1 8,aus dem ,leb5 ,kais] ,wilhelms10 ,b]l91 #ahhh1 vol4 i1 pp4 #aed-afa4 #big ,communication by ,mrs4 ,isabel ,moore1 =m]ly ( ,wood/ock1 ,n4 ,y41 n[ 9 ! ,azores4 #bih ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] 7,briti% ,museum710 p4 #bjf4 #bii ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat]1 ,bequea!d by ,sir ,augu/us ,wolla/on ,franks1 ,k4,c4,b4 7,briti% ,museum710 ,london1 #aiab1 pp4 xvi1 #bi1 #cj1 pl4 ii 7,nos4 #agi1 #ahj74 #cjj ,see pp4 #cdb1 #cdc1 9 *apt] on ,r+s ( ,heal+4 #cja ,f\r? ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission on ,manuscripts1 ,london1 #ahgd1 p4 #aia4 #cjb ,idem41 loc4 cit4 #cjc ,idem1 loc4 cit4 #cjd ,see pp4 #cda-cde4 #cje ,k+1 8,preci\s ,/ones & ,metals10 ,london1 #ahgj1 p4 #cai1 note4 #cjf ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat]1 ,bequea!d by ,sir ,augu/us ,wolla/on ,franks1 ,k4,c4,b40 7,briti% ,museum71 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 xiii4 #cjg ,hon4 ,r4 ,c4 ,neville 7#d? b>on ,braybrooke71 8,! ,romance ( ! ,r+1 or ! ,hi/ory & ,antiquity ( ,f+] ,r+s10 ,saffron ,wald51 #ahef1 p4 #ai4 #cjh ,on ! toad/one1 see ! pres5t writ]'s 8,! ,magic ( ,jewels & ,*>ms10 ,philadelphia & ,london1 #aiae1 pp4 #afb-afg4 #cji ,migne's ,patrologia ,lat9a1 vol4 ccxiv1 cols4 #agi1 #ahj4 #caj ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xix1 ,london1 #ahba1 pp4 #daa1 #dab4 #caa ,a f9e1 ?9 silk /uff1 pla91 b especially valu$ = its s(tness4 #cab ,sir ,joseph ,ayl(fe1 8,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,body ( ,k+ ,edw>d ! ,fir/ ,z ,x ,appe>$ 9 ! ,tomb 9 ! ,ye> #aggd10 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 iii1 ,london1 #agge1 pp4 #chi-cia4 ,see also ,rhym]'s 8,fo$]a10 vol4 viii1 p4 #ge4 #cac 8,issues ( ! ,e*equ]10 f ,h5ry ,,iii to ,h5ry ,,vi1 ed4 by ,fr$]ick ,devon1 ,london1 #ahcg1 p4 #agj4 #cad ,rhym]1 8,fd]a10 ,london1 #agbg1 vol4 xi1 p4 #gf4 #cae ,william ,jones1 8,f+]-,r+ ,lore10 ,london1 #ahgg1 p4 #aig4 #caf ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxiii1 p4 #cce sqq41 ,london1 #ahdi4 #cag ,william ,jones1 8,f+]-,r+ ,lore10 ,london1 #ahgg1 p4 #dgh4 #cah ,gasquet1 8,h5ry ,,viii & ! ,engli% ,mona/]ies10 ,london1 #aijf1 p4 #dji4 ,cott4 ,,ms4 ,tib4 e4 viii1 f4 #bfi4 #cai ,?ird ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission on ,hi/orical ,manuscripts1 ,london1 #ahgb1 p4 #bca4 #cbj ,camd5i1 8,annales r]um ,anglic>um et ,hib]nic>um regnante ,elizabe?a10 ,franc(urti1 #afaf1 pp4 #aea1 #aeb4 #cba ,9 ,?oms' 8,anecdotes & ,traditions10 ,london1 #ahci1 p4 #ajg 7,camd5 ,soc4 ,pub474 #cbb ,bu*anan1 8,poems10 ,/4 ,&rews1 #aeid1 p4 #aag4 #cbc ,agnes ,/rickl&1 8,hi/ory ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots10 ,london1 #ahgc1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ddf4 #cbd ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de1 8,hi/ory ( ,engl&10 ,london1 #ahii1 vol4 xii1 *ap4 #fi1 pp4 #bdh1 #bdi4 #cbe ,c4 ,ju/i1 8,felipe ,,ii amigo del arte02 ,espaa mod]na1 ,april1 #aiad1 pp4 #bf1 #bg4 #cbf ,see ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography1 vol4 xiv1 ,london1 #ahhh1 pp4 #dcg1 #dch2 9 ,sir ,sidney ,lee's article on ,essex4 #cbg ,catalogue ( ! ,loan ,exhibition ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,jewell]y & ,p]sonal ,ornam5ts1 #ahgb1 ,london1 #ahgc1 p4 #cc1 ,no4 #acg4 #cbh ,hi/orical ,manuscripts ,commission1 ,report ( ,,mss4 9 v>i\s collections1 vol4 iv1 ,dubl91 #aijg1 p4 #cbc4 #cbi ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum3 ,catalogue ( ! ,loan ,collection1 #ahgb2 ,london1 #ahgc1 p4 #gb1 ,no4 #hch4 ,! r+ is figur$ 9 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = #agig1 vol4 lxvii1 pt4 ii 7,oct471 on plate opposite p4 #hbg1 figs4 #e & #f2 see also pp4 #hcj & #ajag4 #ccj 8,catalogue ( ! ,special ,exhibition ( ,works ( ,art at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,june1 #ahfb10 section #cc1 8,miscellane\s ,r+s10 by ,r4 ,h4 ,s4 ,smi?1 p4 #fcg4 #cca ,gilb]t ,b>net 7,bi%op ( ,salisbury71 8,hi/ory ( ,8 ,own ,"t10 ,london1 #agbd1 #agcf4 ,fir/ publi%$ by 8 son ,?omas1 aft] ! bi%op's dea? 9 #agae4 #ccb ,ar*ologia1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #cb-ce1 ,london1 #aggc4 ,figur$ on plate i1 figs4 #a & #b4- #ccc ,george ,fr$]ick ,kunz & ,*>les ,h4 ,/ev5son1 8,! ,book ( ! ,pe>l10 ,new ,york1 #aijh1 p4 #dch4 #ccd ,f$]ici ,augu/i ,junii1 8,de annulo ,romanorum sponsalitio10 ,lipsi1 #agdd1 cit+ ,ovidii1 lib4 ii1 ,amor4 ,eleg4 xv4 #cce ,saturnalia1 lib4 vii1 cap4 #ac4 #ccf ,see page #bbb4 #ccg ,isidori1 8,de ecclesia/icis (ficiis10 lib4 xx1 cap4 #h1 9 ,migne's 8,patrologia ,lat9a10 vol4 lxxxiii1 cols4 #haa1 #hab4 #cch ,delo*e1 8,le port des anneaux dans l'antiquit roma9e1 et dans les premi]s sicles du moy5 ge10 ,p>is1 #ahif1 pp4 #if-ih2 ,mmoires de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles ,lettres1 vol4 xxxv1 pt4 #b4 #cci ,naturalis ,hi/oria1 lib4 xxxiii1 cap4 #bd4 #cdj ,john ,yonge ,ak]man1 8,an ,acc\nt ( ,excavations 9 an ,anglo-,saxon ,burial ,gr\nd at ,h>nham ,hill ,ne> ,salisbury10 9 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxv1 p4 #bff1 & ,plate ,,xii 7opp4 p4 #bgh74 #cda 8,! ,s>um ,missal done into ,engli% by ,a4 ,h>=d ,pe>son10 ,london1 #ahdd1 p4 #eeb4 ,! directions & bless+s are translat$ f ! ,lat92 ! v[s ( ! bride & bridegroom are f an old ,engli% v]sion4 #cdb ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,byzant9e ,art & ,ar*ology10 ,ox=d1 #aiaa1 p4 #edd1 fig4 #cbi4 #cdc ,ibid41 p4 #edf4 #cdd ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 pp4 #ii1 #ajj2 ,no4 #egi1 pl4 xvii4 #cde ,f$]ici ,augu/i ,junii1 8,de annulo ,romanorum sponsalitio10 ,lipsi 7#agdd71 pp4 xiii1 xiv2 cit+ ,pl9y's 8,hi/4 ,nat410 lib4 xxxiii1 cap4 i1 & ,clem5t's 8,pdogogus10 lib4 iii1 cap4 xi4 #cdf ,t]tulliani1 8,op]a ,omnia10 ed4 ,migne1 ,p>isiis1 #ahgi1 vol4 i1 col4 #cec4 ,apol4 adv4 g54 #cdg ,augu/4 ,epi/4 #aai ad ,janu>4 cap4 #ah4 #cdh ,c4 ,drury ,=tnum1 8,on ,f+] ,r+s ( ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,p]iod10 9 ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 vol4 xxviii1 pp4 #bff-bib2 figur$ on p4 #bia4 #cdi ,fr$eg>i1 8,hi/oria ,francorum epitomata10 cap4 xviii2 9 ,patrologia ,lat9a1 ed4 ,j4 ,p4 ,migne1 ,p>isiis1 #ahgi1 vol4 lxxi1 col4 #ehd4 #cej ,hu*]1 8,sigillographie du ,ma9e10 ,bullet9 ,monum5tal1 vol4 xviii1 p4 #cjh4 #cea ,symeonis ,!ssalonic5sis ,ar*iepiscopi1 8,op]a ,omnia10 9 ,migne's ,patrologia ,grca1 vol4 clv1 ,p>is1 #ahff1 cols4 #eje1 #ejh1 8,de hone/o et legitimo conjugio40 #ceb ,coloni1 #aeji1 cap4 #aa4 #cec ,communicat$ by ,mrs4 ,isabel ,f4 ,hapgood4 #ced ,petri ,mll]i1 8,de annulo pronubo10 ,j51 #agcd1 p4 #bb4 #cee ,petri ,mll]i1 8,de annulo pronubo10 ,j51 #agcd1 p4 #ca4 #cef ,cyril ,dav5port1 8,jewell]y10 ,*icago1 #aijh1 p4 #aad4 #ceg ,cap4 #ee4 #ceh 8,gloss>ium ad scriptores m$i et infim ,lat9itatis10 ,p>isiis1 #agcc1 vol4 i1 col4 #deg4 #cei ,cit$ 9 ,h4 ,r4 ,d4 ,&]s1 8,%akespe>e's ,books10 ,b]l91 #aijd1 p4 #ahi4 #cfj ,delo*e1 8,le port des bagues dans l'antiquit roma9e et dans les premi]s sicles du moy5 ge10 ,p>is1 #ahif1 pp4 #fa-fc2 f ,mmoires de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles ,lettres1 vol4 xxxv4 #cfa ,jacob ,grimm1 8,deuts*e ,re*tsalt]hm]10 ,b]l91 #ahed1 pp4 #agg1 #agh4 #cfb ,?is recalls ,juv5al's 8digito pignus =tasse d$i/i0 7p]haps ?\ ha/ set a pl$ge on a f+]74 ,sat4 vi1 #bg4 #cfc ,fairholt1 8,rambles ( an ,arti/10 ,london1 n4d41 p4 #ij1 fig4 #ig4 #cfd ,ibid41 p4 #abd1 fig4 #abd4 #cfe ,communicat$ by ,l4 ,we9+]1 ( ,vi5na4 #cff ,anima magis e/ ubi amat quam ubi animat4 #cfg ,b>bi] de ,montault1 8,un anneau du ,x,ve sicle10 ,t\rs1 #ahgf4 #cfh ,jean ,sz5drei1 8,catalogue de la collection de bagues de ,madame ,gu/ave de ,t>nczy10 ,p>is1 #ahhi1 p4 xlviii4 #cfi ,b>bi] de ,montault1 8,un anneau du ,x,ve sicle10 ,t\rs1 #ahgf1 pp4 #ad-ag4 ,= additional 8posies0 see pp4 at end ( ?is *apt]4 #cgj ,%[n 9 ,fairholt's 8,rambles ( an ,arti/10 p4 #abg1 figs4 #aeb1 #aec4 #cga ,ibid41 p4 #abh1 fig4 #aed4 #cgb ,kir*]i1 8dipus gyptiacus10 ,rom1 #afeb1 vol4 i1 p4 #bhc4 #cgc ,jewi% ,encyclopdia1 vol4 x1 art4 ,r+s by ,alb]t ,wolf1 ( ,dresd51 ,saxony4 #cgd 8,catalogue ( ! ,special ,exhibition ( ,works ( ,art at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,june1 #ahfb10 section #cb1 8,r+s10 by ,edmund ,wat]ton1 pp4 #fcj1 #fca4 #cge ,see ,gregorovius1 8,lucrezia ,borgia10 pp4 #cge1 #cgf1 ( ,ital4 translation4 #cgf ,rob]t de ,b]qu51 8,les ,m]veilles des ,indes ,ori5tales et ,occid5tales10 ,p>is1 #affa1 pp4 #ad1 #ae4 ,rob]t de ,b]qu5 writes ( ,l\is 7,lod[yk7 z 8"o ( 8 ance/ors40 #cgg ,alfr$ ,maury1 8,croyances et ,leg5des du ,moy5 ,age10 ,p>is1 #ahif1 p4 #bgg1 note4 #cgh ,fairholt1 8,rambles ( an ,arti/10 p4 #abh1 fig4 #aee4 ,! au!nticity ( ! r+ may be reg>d$ z some:at d\btful4 #cgi ,julius ,k/l91 8,life ( ,lu!r10 trans4 f ! ,g]man1 ,new ,york1 #ahhc2 pp4 #ccd1 #cce4 #chj ,fairholt1 8,rambles ( an ,arti/10 p4 #acb1 fig4 #afe4 #cha ,burgon1 8,! ,life & ,times ( ,sir ,?omas ,gre%am10 ,london1 #ahci1 vol4 i1 p4 #ea4 #chb ,catalogue ( a collection ( anci5t & mod]n r+s & p]sonal ornam5ts =m$ = ,lady ,londesbor\gh1 ,london1 #ahec1 pp4 #h1 #i4 ,privately pr9t$4 #chc ,cit$ 9 ,furness1 8,v>iorum ,%akespe>10 vol4 vii 7,o!llo71 ,phila41 #ahhh1 p4 #acb4 #chd ,evans1 8,posy ,r+s10 ,london1 #ahib1 p4 #ac4 #che ,ibid41 p4 #ac4 #chf ,?omas ,joseph ,pettigrew1 8,on ,sup]/itions ,connect$ ,) ! ,hi/ory & ,practice ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y10 ,london1 #ahdd1 pp4 #cf1 #cg4 #chg ,col4 ,t4 ,h4 ,h5dley1 8,indian ,jewell]y10 8,j\rnal ( ,indian ,art & ,indu/ry10 vol4 xii1 p4 #e1 #aijg-aiji4 #chh ,g4 ,bap/1 8,les ,joyaux de la ,c\ronne10 ,p>is1 #ahhi1 p4 #ah4 #chi ,cyril ,dav5port1 8,jewell]y10 ,*icago1 #aijh1 p4 #aab4 #cij ,william ,tegg1 8,! ,knot ,ti$3 ,m>riage ,c]emonies ( ,all ,nations10 ,london1 #ahgg1 p4 #cad4 #cia ,full]1 8,holy ,/ate10 *ap4 xxii1 ,( ,m>riage4 #cib ,jahrbu* d] ,kun/hi/oris*5 ,sammlung5 des all]h*/5 ,kais]hauses1 vol4 i1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 p4 xxi1 ,wi51 #ahhc4 #cic ,johnson1 8,tunis ( ,to-day02 9 ! ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e1 vol4 xxii1 p4 #gdg2 ,no4 #h1 ,aug41 #aiaa4 #cid ,hi/orical ,manuscripts ,commission1 ,twelf? ,report1 ,app5dix1 ,pt4 ,,iv1 ,,mss4 ( ,duke ( ,rutl& at ,belvoir ,ca/le1 vol4 i1 ,london1 #ahhh1 p4 #f4 #cie ,a numb] ( posies ( ! li/ comes f ,joseph ,maskell's excell5t little monograph1 8,! ,w$d+-,r+10 ,london1 #ahhh1 pp4 #ca-ce4 #cif ,f ! 8,c>d ( ,c\rt%ip1 or ! ,language ( ,love10 publi%$ 9 #afec2 cit$ 9 ,tegg's 8,! ,knot ,ti$10 ,london1 #ahgg4 #cig ,f 8,! ,my/]ies ( ,love & ,eloqu5ce10 ,london1 #afeh2 9 ,tegg's 8,! ,knot ,ti$40 #cih ,t4 ,wada1 8,die ,s*muck- und ,edel/e9e bei d5 ,*9es510 ,tokyo1 #aijd1 repr9t f ! 8,mitteilung50 ( ! ,deuts*e ,gesells*aft fr ,natur- und ,volkeskunde ,o/asi5s1 vol4 x1 ,pt4 ,i4 #cii ,pompei ,fa/i1 8,de v]borum significatu10 lib4 xx1 s4 v4 ,ed]a1 ed4 ( ,ed4 ,!wrewk de ,ponor1 ,budape/1 #ahhi1 p4 #eh4 #djj ,adolf ,furtwngl]1 8,die ,antik5 ,gemm510 ,leipzig & ,b]l91 #aijj1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ddf4 #dja ,f4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 8,! ,gold5 ,b\gh10 vol4 iii1 ,london1 #aiaa1 p4 #cad4 #djb ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! 444 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 pp4 xxix1 xxx1 ,nos4 #fbi1 #fdj4 #djc ,montfaucon1 8,l'antiquit expliqu10 vol4 ii1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ,p>is1 #agai1 pp4 #cbd1 #cbe2 ,plate #acf4 #djd ,communicat$ by ,pr(4 ,cyrus ,adl] ( ! ,dropsie ,college = ,hebrew & ,cognate ,le>n+1 9 ,philadelphia1 ! in=mation be+ d]iv$ f ! ,hebrew ,encyclopdia entitl$ 8,oz> ,yisrael10 vol4 v1 p4 #f1 col4 i1 s4 v4 ,tabaa?4 ,pr(4 ,ri*>d ,got!il ( ,columbia ,univ]sity confirms ! views express$ by ,pr(4 ,cyrus ,adl] t ! r+ 0 nev] ! di/+ui%+ m>k ( a ,rabbi4 #dje ,abb ,b>raud1 8,des bagues t\tes les poques10 ,bullet9 ,monum5tal1 vol4 xxx1 pp4 #fbd-fda4 #djf ,ra\l ,ro*ette1 8,tableau des ,catacombes de ,rome10 ,p>is1 #ahcg1 pp4 #bce1 #bcf4 #djg ,s4 ,augu/9i1 8,de tr9itate10 lib4 viii1 cap4 #e1 #f4 ,figur$ 9 ,ra\l ,ro*ette1 8,tableau des ,catacombes de ,rome10 ,p>is1 #ahcg1 title page4 #djh ,ru9>t1 8,acta sanctorum m>tyrum s9c]a et selecta10 ,p>is1 #afhi1 p4 #dj4 #dji ,gregorii episcopi nyss5i1 8,op]a10 vol4 iii1 9 ,migne's ,patrologia ,grca1 vol4 xli1 ,p>isiis1 #aheh1 col4 #iij4 #daj ,see ,rev4 ,i1 viii4 #daa ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,antique ,gems10 ,london1 #ahfj1 p4 #ceh4 #dab ,k+1 8,! ,gno/ics10 ,london1 #ahfd1 p4 #aci4 #dac ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #g1 ,no4 #ci4 #dad ,m4 ,delo*e1 8tude hi/orique et ar*ologique sur les anneaux sigillaires10 ,p>is1 #aijj1 pp4 #aci-adb1 figs4 #dae ,m]cati1 8,metallo!ca ,vaticana10 ,rom1 #agai1 p4 #ahe4 #daf ,giac9to ,gimma1 8,delia /oria naturale delle gemme10 ,napoli1 #agcj1 vol4 i1 p4 #ci4 #dag ,pauli ,ar+hi1 8,roma subt]ranea10 ,rom1 #afea1 p4 #gja4 #dah ,santi ,aurelii ,augu/9i1 8,op]a ,omnia10 ed4 ,migne1 ,p>isiis1 #ahhd1 cols4 #bbf1 #bbg4 #dai ,communicat$ by ,l4 ,we9+]1 ( ,vi5na4 #dbj ,plat9a 8,de vitis ,pontificorum02 8,vita ,clem5tis ,,iv40 #dba ,edmund ,wat]ton1 8,on ! ,annulus ,piscatoris1 or ,r+ ( ! ,fi%]man02 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xl1 figures on pp4 #adj & #adb4 #dbb ,edmund ,wat]ton1 8,on ! ,annulus ,piscatoris1 or ,fi%]man's ,r+10 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xl1 pp4 #ach-adb1 ,london1 #ahff4 #dbc ,abb ,b>raud1 8,des ,bagues t\tes les poques et en p>ticuli] de l'anneau des vques et des abbs10 ,bullet9 ,monum5tale1 vol4 xxx1 pp4 #cij1 #cia1 #ahfd4 #dbd ,x4 ,b>bi] de ,montault1 8,le co/ume et les usages ecclsia/iques selon la tradition roma9e10 ,p>is1 n4d41 vol4 i1 p4 #afa4 #dbe ,ibid41 pp4 #aeh1 #aei4 #dbf ,sancti ,aviti1 ,epi/4 lxxviii1 ,migne1 8,patrologia ,lat9a10 vol4 lix1 col4 #bhj4 #dbg ,isidori1 8,de ecclesia/icis (ficiis10 lib4 ii1 cap4 v1 #ab4 #dbh ,migne1 8,patrologia ,lat9a10 vol4 lxxxiii1 cols4 #ghc1 #ghd4 #dbi ,philippe ,labb & ,coss>t1 8,sacros4 concil410 vol4 v1 cols4 #afah1 #agad4 #dcj ,wetz] & ,welte's 8,kir*5lexikon10 #b;d ed41 ,freiburg im ,breisgau1 #ahig1 vol4 x1 p4 #baa1 art4 ,r+e by ,k4 ,s*rod4 #dca ,ed4 ,m]ati1 p4 #agcg4 #dcb ,edmund ,wat]ton1 8,on ,episcopal ,r+s10 ,! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 xx1 ,london1 #ahfc1 p4 #bbh4 #dcc ,rot4 ,pat4 ,h54 ,,iii4 m4 #bj d4 #dcd ,lib] #bh1 ,ed4 ,i2 fol4 #bgh1 p4 #cdd4 #dce ,philippi ,labbei et ,coss>ti1 8,sacrosancta concilia10 vol4 viii1 col4 #hgh4 #dcf ,edmund ,wat]ton1 8,episcopal ,r+s10 9 ,! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal vol4 xx1 p4 #bbg1 fig4 p4 #bbh4 #dcg ,ph4 ,labbei et ,coss>ti1 8,sacrosancta ,concilia10 vol4 ix1 col4 #cie1 ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nimes4 #dch ,edmund ,wat]ton1 8,episcopal ,r+s10 9 ,! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 xx1 p4 #bce1 figs4 #f1 #g & #h on plate opposite t page4 #dci 8,de sacro alt>is my/]io10 ,migne's ,patrologia ,lat9a1 vol4 ccxvii1 col4 #gif4 #ddj ,arnaud1 8,notice sur les objets tr\vs dans plusieurs c]cueils de pi]re la ca?dral de ,troyes10 ,troyes1 #ahdd1 p4 #ac4 #dda ,catalan1 8,pontificale romanum10 vol4 iii1 p4 #ceh1 cit+ ! annals ( ,abraham ,begovius1 ad annum #acjc1 num4 #h4 #ddb ,r4 ,ruckl91 8,das ,s*muckbu*10 ,leipzig1 #ahga1 vol4 ii1 pl4 #ef1 fig4 #e4 #ddc ,see also ,hefn]1 8,tra*t510 pl4 #i4 #ddd ,op4 cit41 vol4 i1 p4 #afg4 #dde ,edmund ,wat]ton1 8,on ,episcopal ,r+s10 ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 xx1 p4 #bbh1 ,london1 #ahfc2 cit+ ,d>t1 8,hi/4 ( ,cant4 ,ca?410 p4 #cdf1 fol4 #bgi1 & ,duranti1 8,de ritibus10 lib4 ii1 cap4 ix1 sec4 #cg4 #ddf ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic ,m$ivel1 & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 pp4 xxxvii1 xxxviii4 #ddg ,catalogue ( ! special exhibition ( works ( art 444 at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,june1 #ahfb1 ,london1 #ahfc1 p4 #fcf4 #ddh ,maurice ,faucon1 8,les arts la c\r d',avignon s\s ,clm5t ,v et ,jean ,,xxii10 9 ,mlanges d',ar*ologie et d',hi/oire ,,iime ,anne1 pp4 #gf1 #gg2 ,,ivme ,anne1 p4 #ajg4 #ddi ,italian ,,xiv ,c5tury ,,mss4 9 ! au?or's libr>y4 ,:at appe>s to be a topaz r+ is on ! f\r? f+] ( ! "r h& 9 ,titian's portrait ( ,ar*bi%op ,filippo ,ar*9to1 pa9t$ 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 #dej ,ed9burgh ,review1 ,july1 #ahff1 p4 #bdg4 #dea ,x4 ,b>bi] de ,montault1 8,le co/ume et les usages ecclsia/iques selon la tradition roma9e10 ,p>is 7#ahig71 vol4 i1 p4 #afb4 #deb ,ibid41 vol4 i1 p4 #aei4 #dec ,?is r+ is figur$ z frontispiece to ! writ]'s 8,curi\s ,lore ( ,preci\s ,/ones10 ,philadelphia & ,london1 #aiac4 #ded ,f a lett] writt5 by ,bi%op ,gre] to ! au?or1 ,septemb] #bb1 #aiaf4 #dee ,kir*mann1 8,de anulis10 ,lugd4 ,bat41 #afgb1 p4 #ahe4 #def ,tractatus de (ficio episcopi1 ad ,h5ricum ,s5on5sem episcopum1 cap4 ix4 #deg ,h4 ,druitt1 ,co/ume 9 ,brass1 p4 #ih4 #deh 8,dictionnaire d'ar*ologie *rti5ne et de liturgie10 ed4 by ,dom ,f]nan ,cabrol1 vol4 i1 ,p>is1 #aijg1 col4 #bahg1 art4 anneau by ,lecl]cq4 #dei ,x4 ,b>bi] de ,montault1 8,le co/ume et les usages ecclsia/iques selon la tradition roma9e10 ,p>is 7#ahig71 vol4 i1 pp4 #afc1 #afd4 #dfj ,ibid41 vol4 i1 pp4 #afd-agj4 #dfa ,ibid41 vol4 i1 pp4 #age1 #agf4 #dfb ,! complete c]emonies & proc$ures obs]v$ at ! coronation ( ! k+s & que5s ( ,engl&1 ,london 7#aijb71 p4 #cj4 #dfc ,debrett's ,diction>y ( ! ,coronation1 ,london 7#aijb71 pp4 #ch1 #abf4 #dfd ,cyril ,dav5port1 8,jewell]y10 ,*icago1 #aijh1 ,plate xvi1 opp4 p4 #aaj4 #dfe ,abb ,b>raud1 8,des bagues t\tes les poques1 et en p>ticuli] de l'anneau des vques et des abbs10 ,bullet9 ,monum5tal1 vol4 xxx1 p4 #ag4 #dff ,abb ,b>raud1 8,des bagues t\tes les poques et en p>ticuli] de l'anneau des vques et des abbs10 ,bullet9 ,monum5tale1 vol4 xxx1 p4 #cb4 #dfg ,x4 ,b>bi] de ,montault1 8,le co/ume et les usages ecclsia/iques selon la tradition roma9e10 ,p>is1 7#ahig71 vol4 i1 p4 #agd1 note4 #dfh ,cit$ by ,william ,jones1 8,f+]-,r+ ,lore10 ,london1 #ahgg4 pp4 #bcf1 #bcg4 #dfi ,h5ry ,h>rod 8,on ! ,mantle & ,r+ ( ,wid[hood10 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xl1 pt4 #b1 p4 #cjh2 ,london #ahfd4 #dgj ,op4 cit41 p4 #cji1 cit+ ,g\gh1 8,sepul*ral ,monum5ts10 vol4 i1 p4 cxix4 #dga ,giovanni ,b4 ,rampolli1 8,annales ,musulmani10 vol4 viii1 ,milano1 #ahbd1 p4 #edd sqq41 note #ij4 #dgb ,burton 8,supplem5t>y ,nights10 ,london1 #ahhf1 vol4 iii1 p4 #gb1 note4 #dgc ,! poems ( ,mohamm$ ,hafiz ( ,%iraz1 translat$ by ,john ,payne1 ,london1 #aija1 vol4 iii1 p4 #bcj2 epodes ,,ii1 #b4 #dgd ,lib4 ii1 cap #c2 ,platonis ,dialogi1 ed4 ,h]mann1 vol4 iv1 ,lipsi1 #ahhc1 pp4 #cg1 #ch4 #dge ,cselii1 8,comm5t>ii antiquorum lectionum10 ,v5etiis1 #aeaf1 p4 #ada2 lib4 iii1 cap4 xxv4 #dgf ,hyg9i1 8,a/ronomica10 ed4 by ,emile ,*atela9 & ,paul ,leg5dre1 ,p>is1 #aiji1 p4 #ai4 ,biblio?que de l'cole des ,hautes tudes1 ,fasc4 #afh4 #dgg ,k+1 8,h&book ( ,engrav$ ,gems10 ,london1 #ahff1 p4 #ahd1 cit+ ,ptolemy ,hephai/ion1 bk4 ii1 & ,suidas4 #dgh ,?is may h be5 ! r+ suppos$ to h be5 giv5 by ,apollo1 be=e ! bir? ( ,seleucus4 #dgi ,abrahami ,gorli1 8,dactylio!ca10 ,delphi ,batavorum1 #afja1 p4 #c4 #dhj ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all 8,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan & ,roman1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 pp4 xxiii1 xxxiii1 #aca1 ,plate ,,xx1 fig4 #hja4 #dha ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all4 8,catalogue ( ,f+] ,r+s1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aijg1 p4 xxxiii1 ,no4 #chf2 see ,plate ,,xii4 #dhb ,suetonii1 8,n]o10 cap4 xlvi4 #dhc ,suetonii1 8,galba10 cap4 x4 #dhd ,flavii ,josephi1 8,antiquitates ,judeorum10 ,basile1 #aedj1 p4 #bjc4 #dhe ,luciani1 8,op]a ,omnia10 ed4 ,jocobitz1 ,lipsi1 #ahha2 ,navigium1 #db1 #dc1 #dd4 #dhf ,philopseudos1 #ag4 #dhg ,clem5tis ,alex&r9i1 8,/romata10 lib4 i4 #dhh ,longi1 8,de annulis signatoriis0 ,franc(urti et ,lipsi1 #agji1 p4 #ci4 #dhi 8,dictionnaire d'ar*ologie *rti5ne et de liturgie10 ed4 by ,dom ,f]nan ,cabrol1 vol4 i1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ,p>is1 #aijg1 cols4 #bbae1 #bbaf1 s4 v4 anneaux4 #dij ,artemidori ,daldiani et ,a*ametis ,s]e9i 8,oneirocritica10 ,lutiti1 #afjc1 p4 #bei4 #dia ,rev4 ,oswald ,cockayne1 8,anglo-,saxon ,lee*dom10 vol4 iii1 ,london1 #ahff1 pp4 #aii1 #bje1 #bae 9 8,a ,book ( ,dreams by ! ,prophet ,daniel40 #dib ,lebeau1 8,hi/oire du ,bas-,empire10 livre ,,xix2 vol4 iv1 p4 #cjg1 ed4 ,desa9t et ,saillant1 ,p>is1 #agei4 #dic ,/4 ,augu/9e1 8,de doctr9a *ri/iana10 lib4 ii1 cap4 #bj4 #did ,communicat$ by ,l4 ,we9+]1 ( ,vi5na4 #die ,s*euz]i1 8,it9]a p] ,helveti alp9as regiones10 ,lug4 ,bat41 #gbc1 vol4 iii1 pp4 #cha-chc4 #dif ,see ! pres5t writ]'s 8,! ,magic ( ,jewels & ,*>ms10 ,philadelphia & ,london1 #aiae1 pp4 #bch1 #bci4 #dig ,petr>*1 ,epi/ol>um libri1 ,lugduni1 #afja1 pp4 #aj1 #aa4 #dih ,annales ,lamb]ti1 9 ,monum4 ,g]m41 vol4 iii1 p4 #ia4 #dii ,monum4 ,g]m4 ,script41 vol4 vii1 p4 #ajf4 #ejj 8,! ,edda10 by ,w9*ell ,f>aday1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ,london1 #aijc1 pp4 #af1 #ag4 #eja ,! hi/ory ( 8,reyn>d ! ,fox10 trans4 & pub4 by ,william ,caxton1 #adha2 ed4 by ,edmund ,goldsmid1 ,ed9burgh1 #ahhd1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #ee1 #ef4 ,privately pr9t$4 #ejb 8,lapid>io del ,rey ,d4 ,alfonso ,x1 codice orig9al10 ,madrid1 #ahha1 folios #c recto1 col4 #b2 #ad recto1 col4 #b2 #ajf1 v]so1 col4 #b4 #ejc ,mauricii ,p9d]1 8,de adamante10 ,b]ol9i1 #ahbi1 p4 #fh4 #ejd 8,d] grosse ,wolfdietri*10 ed4 ,holtzmann1 ,heidelb]g1 #ahfe1 pp4 #bdc1 #bga4 #eje ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 8,antique ,gems & ,r+s10 ,london1 #ahgb1 p4 #cic2 cit+ 8,la vie1 tat et condition du pape ,maleface1 raconts p> des g5s de foi40 #ejf 8,die ,ge/a ,romanorum10 ed4 ,wilhelm ,dick1 ,erlang51 #ahij1 pp4 #aj1 #aa4 #ejg ,wirt ,sikes3 8,briti% ,gobl9s3 ,wel% folklore1 fairy my?s1 leg5ds & traditions10 ,london1 #ahhj1 pp4 #cfe-cff4 #ejh ,pi]re ,lacroix1 8,sci5ces et ,lettres au ,moy5 ,age10 ,p>is1 #ahgg1 p4 #bch4 #eji ,mason 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 #ahfe1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #bjj2 ,ba/ian1 8,oe/li*es ,asi510 vol4 i1 p4 #adf4 #eaj ,bi%op ,p]cy's ,folio ,manuscript1 ed4 by ,john ,w4 ,hales & ,fr$]ick ,j4 ,furnivall1 ,london1 #ahfh1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfc4 #eaa ,slay4 #eab ,ritson1 8,anci5t ,engli% ,m$ical ,romances10 ,london1 #ahjb1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #fe4 #eac ,jacobi ,gaff>elli1 8,curiositates inaudit10 ,hamburgi1 #agjf1 p4 #aab2 ,lat9 trans4 cit+ ,alb]ti1 8,de mirabilibus10 tr4 #c1 cap4 #c4 #ead ,konrad von ,meg5b]g1 8,bu* d] ,natur10 ed4 by ,dr4 ,franz ,pfeiff]1 ,/uttg>t1 #ahfa1 p4 #dgb4 #eae ,catalogue ( a collection ( anci5t & m$ival r+s & p]sonal ornam5ts1 ,london1 #ahec1 p4 #e4 ,privately pr9t$4 #eaf ,william ,jones1 8,cr$ulities1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t10 ,london1 #ahhj1 pp4 #bjh-baj4 #eag ,! ,v5etian arti/1 ,p>is ,bordone 7#aejj-aegj7 pa9t$ a picture depict+ ! gondoli] 9 ! act ( deliv]+ ,/4 ,m>k's r+ to ! ,doge4 #eah ,johannes ,tri!im's 8,wund]-,bu*10 ,passau1 #aejf 7,repr9t1 p4 #bge74 #eai ,luke iv1 #cj3 8,b he pass+ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( !m w5t 8 way40 ,?is ref]s to 8 escape at ,naz>e? f ^? :o s\ght to ca/ him d[n f ! hill4 #ebj ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #ach1 ,nos4 #hgg1 #hgh1 #hgi2 see ,plate ,,xv4 #eba ,petri ,lambeccii1 8,de ,augu/issima ,biblio!ca ,cs>ea0 ,v9dobon1 #affe1 p4 #bh4 #ebb ,jacobi ,gaff>elli1 8,curiositates inaudit10 ,hamburgi1 #agjf1 p4 #aah2 ,lat9 trans4 #ebc ,william ,jones1 8,cr$ulities ,pa/ & ,pres5t10 ,london1 #ahhj1 p4 #baa4 #ebd ,cit+ ,beckmann1 8,ges*i*te des ,fr/5tums ,anhalt10 ,dessau1 #agbb4 #ebe ,william ,jones1 8,cr$ulities ,pa/ & ,pres5t10 ,london1 #ahhj1 p4 #agg4 #ebf 8,cimelio!ca ,musei ,nationalis ,hung>ici10 ,bud1 #ahbe1 p4 #ee4 #ebg ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,george ,osborn4 #ebh ,b]?old ,lauf]1 8,jade1 a ,/udy 9 ,*9ese ,ar*ology & ,religion10 ,*icago1 #aiab1 pp4 #bhd1 #bhe4 #ebi ,b]?old ,lauf]1 8,jade1 a ,/udy 9 ,*9ese ,ar*ology & ,religion10 ,*icago1 #aiab1 pp4 #baj1 #baa2 ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,pub4 #aed1 ,an?ropological ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,x1 cit+ ,a4 ,conrady 9 preface to ,/5tz1 8,beitrge zur ,volkskunde ,sd-,s*antung's10 p4 #aj4 #ecj ,ibid41 p4 #baj4 #eca ,communicat$ ?r\gh ,pr(4 ,au/9 ,f4 ,rog]s1 ,lel& ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 by ,mr4 ,wah ,s4 ,lee4 #ecb ,p]sonal communication f ,ki5 ,taw ,se9 ,ko1 ( ,rangoon1 ,burma4 #ecc ,ar?ur ,a4 ,macdonel1 8,a ,hi/ory ( ,sanskrit ,lit]ature10 ,new ,york1 #aiad1 pp4 #ced-ceh4 #ecd ,butl]1 8,c\rt ,life 9 ,egypt10 ,london1 #ahhj1 pp4 #bch-bdb4 #ece ,du ,*aillu1 8,! ,vik+ ,age10 ,new ,york1 #ahhi1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #caj1 #cbf4 #ecf ,tor/5 ,kolmod91 8,lapp>ne o* d]es ,l&3 ,skildr+> o* ,/udi]10 ,/ockholm1 #aiad1 ,pt4 ,,iii1 p4 #cj4 #ecg ,john ,/]l+1 8,! ,onyx ,r+10 ,bo/on1 #ahej1 xxii #bfc pp4 #h vo4 #ech ,catalogue ( ! ,collection =m$ by ,h5ry ,philip ,hope ,esq41 arrang$ & describ$ by ,b4 ,h]z1 ,london1 #ahci1 #f #aab p41 #db pl41 folio2 see p4 #ch1 ,no4 #c4 ,plate ,,xi4 #eci ,ibid41 p4 #hf1 ,no4 #e4 #edj ,communicat$ by ! ,rev4 ,john ,ba] ,/\dt1 ( ,nor?ampton1 ,pa4 #eda ,jacobi ,wolfii1 8,curiosus amuletorum scrutator10 ,franc(urti ,lipsi1 #afib1 pp4 #ffj1 #ffa4 #edb ,julius ,ruska1 8,das ,/i5bu* des ,ari/oteles10 ,heidelburg1 #aiab1 p4 #f4 #edc ,communicat$ by ,mrs4 ,isabel ,moore1 =m]ly ( ,wood/ock1 ,n4 ,y41 n[ 9 ! ,azores4 #edd ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton1 8,franks ,beque/1 ,catalogue ( ! ,f+] ,r+s1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian1 ,byzant9e1 ,teutonic1 ,m$ival & ,lat] ,briti% ,museum10 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #cdg1 ,no4 #bead1 fig4 #ede ,george ,f4 ,kunz1 8,on five new ,am]ican ,meteorites10 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 #crd ,s]ies1 vol4 #dj1 pp4 #cbj-cbb4 #edf ,george ,f4 ,kunz1 8,on ?ree masses ( meteoric iron f ,glorietta ,m\nta9 ne> ,canoneito1 ,santa ,f ,co41 ,new ,mexico10 ,am]4 ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 #crd ,s]ies1 vol4 #cj1 p4 #bch2 vol4 #cb1 pp4 #caa-cac4 #edg ,see p4 #bif4 #edh ,cassius ,dio1 lib4 liii4 #edi ,pl9ii1 8,hi/oria ,naturalis10 lib4 xxviii1 cap4 #ae4 #eej ,m>celli ,empirici1 8,de m$icam5tis10 cap4 #ag4 #eea ,pl9ii1 8,naturalis hi/oria10 lib4 xxix1 cap4 #ch4 #eeb ,jacobi ,wolfii1 8,curiosus amuletorum scrutator10 ,franc(urti ,lipsi1 #afib1 pp4 #chh1 #cib4 #eec ,alex&ri ,tralliani1 8,de m$icam5tis10 ,basile1 #aeef1 p4 #eic2 lib4 x1 cap4 #a4 #eed ,g4 ,s*lumb]g] 9 ! ,mm4 de la ,soc4 des antiq4 de ,france1 #ahhb1 vol4 xliii1 pp4 #ace sq4 #eee ,william ,hamp]1 8,obs]vations on a ,gold ,r+ ) a ,runic ,inscription10 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxi1 ,london1 #ahbg1 pp4 #bd-cj4 #eef ,cit$ 9 ,johannis de ,cuba1 8,ortus ,sanitatis0 7,/rassburg1 ca4 #adhc72 8,de lapidibus10 cap4 cix4 #eeg ,hav>d1 8,hi/orie de l'orfvr]ie10 ,p>is1 #ahif1 p4 #ceh4 #eeh ,johannis de ,cuba1 8,ortus ,sanitatis10 8,de lapidibus10 cap4 lx4 #eei ,johannis de ,cuba1 8,ortus ,sanitatis10 7,/rassburg1 ca4 #adhc74 8,de lapidibus10 cap4 lxv4 #efj ,jacobi ,wolfii1 8,curiosus amuletorum scrutator10 ,franc(urti ,lipsi1 #afib1 pp4 #djh1 #dji1 #dai4 #efa ,edmund ,wat]ton on ,cramp ,r+s 9 ! 8,ar*ological ,j\rnal10 vol4 xxi1 pp4 #ajc-aac4 #efb 8,anci5t & ,mod]n ,gold & ,silv] ,smi?s' ,"w 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum10 ) introduction by ,john ,hung]=d ,poll51 ,london1 #ahgh1 p4 cxlix4 #efc ,see also pp4 #agd1 #age4 #efd ,polydori ,v]gilii1 8,hi/ori ,anglic10 ,lug4 ,bat41 #afea1 p4 #ahg4 #efe ,! fyr/ ,boke ( ! ,introduction ( ,k made by ,&rew ,borde ( ,physcycke ,doctor2 ed4 by ,furnivall1 ,london1 #ahgj4 ,e>ly ,engli% ,text ,s]ies2 ,extra ,s]ies ,no4 ,x4 #eff ,burton1 8,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation10 ,ox=d1 #ahbi1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,pt4 ,,ii 7,collection ( ,records1 bk4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #bd7 pp4 #dac1 #dad4 #efg ,ibid41 vol4 ii1 p4 #fde4 #efh ,ibid41 vol4 ii1 ,pt4 ,,ii 7,collection ( ,records1 ,bk4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #bd7 pp4 #dae1 #daf4 #efi ,william ,jones1 8,cr[ns & ,coronations10 ,london1 #ahhc1 p4 #dgd4 #egj ,konrad von ,meg5b]g1 8,das ,bu* d] ,natur10 ed4 ,pfeiff]1 ,/uttg>t1 #ahff1 p4 #dgj4 #ega 8,die ,ge/a ,romanorum10 ed4 ,wilhelm ,dick1 ,erlang51 #ahij1 pp4 #fe1 #ff4 #egb 8,na?an d] ,weise10 ,act ,,iii1 sc4 #g1 #aa4 #cie sqq4 #egc ,jacobi ,wolffii1 8,curiosus amuletorum scrutator10 ,franc(urti et ,lipsi1 #afib1 p4 #egd4 #egd ,m4 ,delo*e1 ,revue ar*ologique1 #b;d ,s]41 #ahhj1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #a sqq4 #ege 8,etude hi/orique et ar*ologique sur les anneaux sigillaires10 ,p>is1 #aijj1 pp4 #bci-bdb1 fig4 #egf ,qui*]at1 8,procs de condemnation et de rhabilitation de ,jeanne d',arc10 vol4 i1 ,p>is1 #ahda1 pp4 #hf1 #hg4 #egg ,?omas ,%>p1 8,an acc\nt ( an anci5t gold r+ f\nd 9 ,cov5try ,p>k 9 ! ye> #ahjb10 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xviii1 pp4 #cjf-cjh4 ,! 8,cov5try ,r+0 z x has be5 call$ is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #egh ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 9 ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 xxvi1 p4 #bcd4 #egi ,pettigrew1 8,on ,sup]/itions ,connect$ ) ! ,hi/ory & ,practice ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y10 ,london1 #ahdd1 p4 #fg4 ,?is lett] is among ! ,h>leian ,,mss1 & 0 read be=e ! ,soc4 ( ,antiqu>ies1 ,nov4 #ab1 #aggb1 accord+ to ! ,m9ute ,book ( ! ,society4 #ehj ,ar?ur ,coll9s1 8,! ,engli% ,b>onage10 ,london1 #agbg4 #eha ,?omas ,joseph ,pettigrew1 8,sup]/itions ,connect$ ) ! ,hi/ory & ,practices ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y40 ,london1 #ahdd4 pp4 #fa1 #fb4 #ehb ,jacobi ,wolfii1 8,curiosus amuletorum scrutator10 ,franc(urti ,lipsi1 #afib1 p4 #dfj4 #ehc ,ibid41 p4 #egj4 #ehd ,blum5tritt1 8,das ,/romgebiet des ,rio ,gr&e de ,m9daao10 9 ,pet]mann's ,geographis*e ,mitteilung51 vol4 xxxvii1 p4 #aaa1 #ahia4 #ehe ,blackwood's ,magaz9e = ,febru>y1 #ahhf1 p4 #bch4 #ehf ,jacobi ,wolfii1 8,curiosus amuletorum scrutator10 ,franc(urti et ,lipsi1 #afib1 pp4 #cij1 #cib4 #ehg ,ibid41 p4 #cb2 ,sec4 ,i1 cap4 ii4 #ehh 8,illu/rat$ ,catalogue ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,drake's fam\s collections10 ,new ,york1 #aiac1 ,pt4 ,i1 ,nos4 #ageg1 #ageh1 #agei1 #agfj4 #ehi ,communicat$ by ,l4 ,we9+]1 ( ,vi5na4 #eij ,pat5t application fil$ ,april #c1 #aiab1 by ,monroe ,engelsman1 & s]ial numb] #fhh1bdd4 #eia ,george ,fr$]ick ,kunz1 8,! ,etiquette ( ,gems10 ! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/1 ,june #bg1 #aijh1 p4 #bi4 #eib ,u4 ,s4 ,pat5t1 ,no4 #a1agi1jbe1 ,april #aa1 #aiaf4 #eic ,h4 ,wilson1 8,silv]w>e & ,jewelry10 ,new ,york1 #aijc1 pp4 #aaj1 #aaa4 #eid ,! ^w 8r+0 belongs to ! ,teutonic language gr\p1 & etymologically x is :at is t]m$ common ,teutonic4 #eie ,ar*]'s ?umb r+4 #eif ,pla9 r+4 #eig ,r+ set ) a /one4 #eih ,! ^w us$ "h & also 9 ,num4 xxxi3 #ej is glilim4 o?am means a seal-r+ 9 ,j]emiah xxii3 #bd4 #eii ,mitteilung5 & ,na*ri*t5 des deuts*5 ,pal/9a-,v]e9s1 #aijd1 pp4 #a sqq4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 #a4 ,obvi\s pr9t]s'1 punctuation & spell+ errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 #b4 ,"s hyph5at$ & non-hyph5at$ v]sions ( ! same words h be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al4 #c4 ,:]e hyph5ation is 9 d\bt1 x has be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al4 #d4 ,sup]scripts are repres5t$ us+ ! c>et "*1 e4g4 ,dr4 or ,xxx4 #e4 ,italics are %[n z xxx4