,!          ,,place ,,( ,,! ,,individual
                 ,,9 ,,society          
,illu/ration3 ,au?or ,photograph        
,by ,,emma ,,goldman                    
8,,nationalism ,,& ,,its ,,relation ,,to
 ,,culture0    ,by ,,rudolf ,,rock]     
,?is pr(\nd "w w revolutionize !        
intellectual _w ( ?\ght  by %[+ t !     
h]et(ore accept$ notions z to ! und]ly+ 
causes ( ,social ,ph5om5a are only      
p>tially true & !re=e1  inadequate to   
expla9 h[ social *anges are affect$4    
,_m great ?9k]s h s\ght to =mulate a    
8,philosophy ( ,hi/ory0  :i* w\ld enable
 u to analyze & expla91 z well z pr$ict 
social  & hi/orical ev5ts4 ,buckle1     
,hegel1 ,m>x & ,sp5gl] are j a few      
among ! great ?9k]s :o h contribut$ to  
?is great task1 b  ,rock] ) 8 pr(\nd    
und]/&+ & 9 8 illum9at+ /yle  %[s :y !  
8,hegelian ,dialectics01 8,m>x's        
,economic ,det]m9ism0 &  8,! ,sp5gl]ian 
,philosophy ( ,de/9y0 h fail$4    ,9 ?is
 v]itable encyclop$ia ( k1 we see be=e  
u1 9 a  liv+ procession1 ! great        

cultures ( all ages4 ,! ?\ghts &  ideals
 ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians1 ,babylonians1  
,greeks & ,romans become  accessible to 
u ) ! same cl>ity & und]/&+ z ! ?\ghts  
& ideals ( our contempor>ies4 ,no       
intellig5t p]son reg>dless (  8 s*ool ( 
?\ght1 c af=d to miss read+ ?is great   
"w4    8,nationalism & ,its ,relation to
 ,culture0 w be publi%$ 9 two  volumes &
 sold at #g4ej = bo? volumes4 ,we (f] ,y
 ?is great "w  at a price ( #e4jj1 if y 
,,subscribe ,,9 ,,advance4    ,?is      
monum5tal "w w soon be (f ! press4 ,we  
urge y to s5d  y\r subscriptions n[--9  
advance4 ,by s do+1 y w help our        
committee complete ! "w & y w save      
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,,! ,,individual1 ,,society ,,& ,,!     

,,/ate    ,by    ,,emma ,,goldman       
,! m9ds ( m5 are 9 confusion1 = ! v     
f\ndations ( our  civilization seem to  
be tott]+4 ,p are los+ fai? 9 !  exi/+  
in/itutions1 & ! m intellig5t realize t 
capitali/  indu/rialism is defeat+ ! v  
purpose x is suppos$ to s]ve4    ,! _w  
is at a loss = a way out4 ,p>liam5t>ism 
& democracy are  on ! decl9e4 ,salvation
 is be+ s\ght 9 ,fascism & o!r =ms (    
8/rong0 gov]nm5t4    ,! /ruggle ( oppos+
 ideas n[ go+ on 9 ! _w involves social 
problems urg5tly dem&+ a solution4 ,!   
welf>e ( ! individual  & ! fate ( human 
society dep5d on ! "r answ] to ^?       
que/ions4 ,! crisis1 unemploym5t1 w>1   
dis>mam5t1 int]national  relations1     
etc41 are among ^? problems4    ,!      
,/ate1 gov]nm5t ) its functions & p[]s1 
is n[ ! subject  ( vital int]e/ to e    
?9k+ man4 ,political developm5ts 9 all  
civiliz$ c\ntries h br\ght ! que/ions   
home4 ,%all we h a  /rong gov]nm5t8 ,are
 democracy & p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t to be  
pref]r$1 or is ,fascism ( "o k9d or     

ano!r1  dictator%ip--mon>*ical1 b\rgeois
 or prolet>ian--! solution ( !  ills &  
difficulties t beset society today8     
,9 o!r words1 %all we cure ! evils (    
democracy by m democracy1  or %all we   
cut ! ,gordian knot ( popul> gov]nm5t ) 
! sword (  dictator%ip8    ,my answ] is 
nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,i am aga9/       
dictator%ip  & ,fascism z ,i am oppos$  
to p>liam5t>y regimes & s-call$         
political democracy4    ,nazism has be5 
ju/ly call$ an attack on civilization4  
,?is  *>act]ization applies ) equal =ce 
to e =m ( dictator%ip2  inde$1 to e k9d 
( suppression & co]cive au?ority4 ,= :at
 is  civilization 9 ! true s5se8 ,all   
progress has be5 ess5tially an          
enl>gem5t ( ! lib]ties ( ! individual ) 
a correspond+  decrease ( ! au?ority    
wield$ ov] him by ext]nal =ces4 ,?is    
holds good 9 ! realm ( physical z well z
 ( political & economic  exi/5ce4 ,9 !  
physical _w man has progress$ to ! ext5t
 9  :i* he has subdu$ ! =ces ( nature & 
made !m useful to  himself4 ,primitive  

man made a /ep on ! road to progress :5 
he fir/  produc$ fire & ?us triumph$ ov]
 d>kness1 :5 he *a9$ ! w9d  or h>ness$  
wat]4    ,:at role did au?ority or      
gov]nm5t play 9 human endeavor =        
bett]m5t1 9 inv5tion & discov]y8 ,none  
:atev]1 or at lea/ none  t 0 helpful4 ,x
 has always be5 ! individual t has      
accompli%$ e miracle 9 t sph]e1 usually 
9 spite ( !  prohibition1 p]secution &  
int]f]5ce by au?ority1 human &  div9e4  
,simil>ly1 9 ! political sph]e1 ! road (
 progress lay 9 gett+  away m & m f !   
au?ority ( ! tribal *ief or ( !  clan1 (
 pr9ce & k+1 ( gov]nm5t1 ( ! ,/ate4     
,economically1  progress has meant      
great] well-be+ ( ev] l>g] numb]s4      
,culturally1 x has signifi$ ! result (  
all ! o!r  a*ievem5ts--great]           
indep5d5ce1 political1 m5tal & psy*ic4  
,reg>d$ f ?is angle1 ! problems ( man's 
relation to ! ,/ate  assumes an entirely
 diff]5t significance4 ,x is no m a "q (
  :e!r dictator%ip is pref]able to      
democracy1 or ,italian ,fascism  sup]ior

 to ,hitl]ism4 ,a l>g] & f> m vital "q  
poses  itself3 ,is political gov]nm5t1  
is ! ,/ate b5eficial to mank9d1 &  h[   
does x affect ! individual 9 ! social   
s*eme ( ?+s8    ,! individual is ! true 
reality 9 life4 ,a cosmos 9 himself1 he 
does  n exi/ = ! ,/ate1 nor = t         
ab/raction call$ 8society10 or  !       
8nation10 :i* is only a collection (    
individuals4 ,man1 !  individual1 has   
always be5 &1 necess>ily is ! sole s\rce
 &  motive p[] ( evolution & progress4  
,civilization has be5 a  cont9u\s       
/ruggle ( ! individual or ( gr\ps (     
individuals  aga9/ ! ,/ate & ev5 aga9/  
8society10 t is1 aga9/ !  majority      
subdu$ & hypnotiz$ by ! ,/ate & ,/ate   
wor%ip4 ,man's  greate/ battles h be5   
wag$ aga9/ man-made ob/acles &          
artificial h&icaps impos$ ^u him to     
p>alyze 8 gr[? &  developm5t4 ,human    
?\ght has always be5 falsifi$ by        
tradition &  cu/om1 & p]v]t$ false      
education 9 ! int]e/s ( ^? :o held  p[] 
& enjoy$ privileges4 ,9 o!r words1 by ! 

,/ate & !  rul+ classes4 ,?is con/ant   
incessant conflict has be5 ! hi/ory (   
mank9d4    ,individuality may be        
describ$ z ! consci\sness ( ! individual
 z  to :at he is & h[ he lives4 ,x is   
inh]5t 9 e human be+ &  is a ?+ ( gr[?4 
,! ,/ate & social in/itutions come & g1 
b  individuality rema9s & p]si/s4 ,! v  
ess5ce ( individuality is  expression2 !
 s5se ( dignity & indep5d5ce is ! soil  
:]e9 x  ?rives4 ,individuality is n !   
imp]sonal & me*ani/ic ?+ t  ! ,/ate     
treats z an 8individual04 ,! individual 
is n m]ely !  result ( h]$ity &         
environm5t1 ( cause & effect4 ,he is t &
  a great deal m1 a great deal else4 ,! 
liv+ man _c be def9$2  he is !          
f\nta9-head ( all life & all values2 he 
is n a "p (  ?is or ( t2 he is a :ole1  
an individual :ole1 a gr[+1  *ang+1 yet 
always con/ant :ole4    ,individuality  
is n to be confus$ ) ! v>i\s ideas &    
concepts  ( ,individualism2 mu* less ) t
 8rugg$ individualism0 :i* is  only a   
mask$ attempt to repress & defeat !     

individual & 8  individuality4 ,s-call$ 
,individualism is ! social & economic   
laissez faire3 ! exploitation ( ! masses
 by ! classes by means (  legal trick]y1
 spiritual debasem5t & sy/ematic        
indoctr9ation (  ! s]vile _s1 :i*       
process is kn[n z 8education40 ,t       
corrupt  & p]v]se 8individualism0 is !  
/rait-jacket ( individuality4 ,x  has   
conv]t$ life into a degrad+ race =      
ext]nals1 = possession1  = social       
pre/ige & supremacy4 ,its highe/ wisdom 
is 8! devil take  ! h9dmo/40    ,?is    
8rugg$ individualism0 has inevitably    
result$ 9 ! greate/  mod]n slav]y1 !    
crasse/ class di/9ctions1 driv+ millions
 to !  breadl9e4 8,rugg$ individualism0 
has meant all ! 8individualism0 =  !    
ma/]s1 :ile ! p are regim5t$ into a     
slave ca/e to s]ve  a h&ful ( self-seek+
 8sup]m540 ,am]ica is p]haps ! be/      
repres5tative ( ?is k9d ( individualism1
 9 ^: "n political  tyranny & social    
oppression are def5d$ & held up z       
virtues2 :ile  e aspiration & attempt ( 

man to ga9 fre$om & social  opportunity 
to live is d5\nc$ z 8un-,am]ican0 & evil
 9 ! "n  ( t same individualism4    ,!re
 0 a "t :5 ! ,/ate 0 unkn[n4 ,9 8       
natural condition  man exi/$ )\t any    
,/ate or organiz$ gov]nm5t4 ,p liv$ z   
families 9 small communities2 ,!y till$ 
! soil & practic$ !  arts & crafts4 ,!  
individual1 & lat] ! family1 0 ! unit ( 
social life :]e ea* 0 free & ! equal ( 8
 neighbor4 ,human  society !n 0 n a     
,/ate b an association2 a volunt>y      
association = mutual protection &       
b5efit4 ,! eld]s & m  exp]i5c$ memb]s 7 
! guides & advis]s ( ! p4 ,!y  help$ to 
manage ! affairs ( life1 n to rule &    
dom9ate !  individual4    ,political    
gov]nm5t & ! ,/ate 7 a mu* lat]         
developm5t1  gr[+ out ( ! desire ( !    
/rong] to take advantage ( !  weak]1 ( !
 few aga9/ ! _m4 ,! ,/ate1 ecclesia/ical
 &  secul>1 s]v$ to give an appe>ance ( 
legality & "r to ! wrong  done by ! few 
to ! _m4 ,t appe>ance ( "r 0 necess>y ! 
easi] to rule ! p1 because no gov]nm5t c

 exi/ )\t !  cons5t ( ! p1 cons5t op51  
tacit or assum$4 ,con/itutionalism  &   
democracy are ! mod]n =ms ( t alleg$    
cons5t2 ! cons5t  be+ inoculat$ &       
indoctr9at$ by :at is call$ 8education10
 at  home1 9 ! *ur*1 & 9 e o!r phase (  
life4    ,t cons5t is ! belief 9        
au?ority1 9 ! necessity = x4 ,at its    
base is ! doctr9e t man is evil1 vici\s1
 & too incompet5t to  "k :at is good =  
him4 ,on ?is all gov]nm5t & oppression  
is  built4 ,god & ! ,/ate exi/ & are    
support$ by ?is dogma4    ,yet ! ,/ate  
is no?+ b a "n4 ,x is an ab/raction4 ,l 
o!r  simil> conceptions--nation1 race1  
humanity--x has no organic reality4  ,to
 call ! ,/ate an organism %[s a diseas$ 
t5d5cy to make a feti%  ( words4    ,!  
,/ate is a t]m = ! legislative &        
adm9i/rative ma*9]y  :]eby c]ta9 bus9ess
 ( ! p is transact$1 & badly s4  ,!re is
 no?+ sacr$1 holy or my/]i\s ab\t x4 ,! 
,/ate has no  m consci5ce or moral      
mission ?an a comm]cial company = work+ 
a  coal m9e or runn+ a railroad4    ,!  

,/ate has no m exi/5ce ?an gods & devils
 h4 ,!y are  equally ! reflex & creation
 ( man1 = man1 ! individual1 is !  only 
reality4 ,! ,/ate is b ! %ad[ ( man1 !  
%ad[ ( 8  opaqu5ess ( 8 ignorance & fe>4
    ,life beg9s & ends ) man1 !         
individual4 ,)\t him !re is no  race1 no
 humanity1 no ,/ate4 ,no1 n ev5         
8society0 is possible )\t  man4 ,x is ! 
individual :o lives1 brea!s & suff]s4 ,8
  developm5t1 8 advance1 has be5 a      
cont9u\s /ruggle aga9/ !  feti%es ( 8   
own creation & p>ticul>ly s aga9/ !     
8,/ate40    ,9 =m] days religi\s        
au?ority fa%ion$ political life 9 !     
image  ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,/ate1
 ! 8rights0 ( rul]s came  f on high2    
p[]1 l fai?1 0 div9e4 ,philosoph]s h    
writt5  ?ick volumes to prove ! sanctity
 ( ! ,/ate2 "s h ev5 clad x  )          
infallibility & ) god-l attributes4 ,"s 
h talk$  !mselves into ! insane notion t
 ! ,/ate is 8sup]human10 !  supreme     
reality1 8! absolute40    ,enquiry 0    
condemn$ z blasphemy4 ,s]vitude 0 !     

highe/ virtue4 ,by  su* precepts & tra9+
 c]ta9 ?+s came to be reg>d$ z          
self-evid5t1 z sacr$ ( _! tru?1 b       
because ( con/ant &  p]si/5t repetition4
    ,all progress has be5 ess5tially an 
unmask+ ( 8div9ity0 &  8my/]y10 ( alleg$
 sacr$1 et]nal 8tru?02 x has be5 a      
gradual  elim9ation ( ! ab/ract & !     
sub/itution 9 its place ( !  real1 !    
concrete4 ,9 %ort1 ( facts aga9/ fancy1 
( k  aga9/ ignorance1 ( light aga9/     
d>kness4    ,t sl[ & ardu\s lib]ation ( 
! individual 0 n accompli%$  by ! aid ( 
! ,/ate4 ,on ! contr>y1 x 0 by cont9u\s 
conflict1  by a life-&-dea? /ruggle ) ! 
,/ate1 t ev5 ! smalle/  ve/ige (        
indep5d5ce & fre$om has be5 won4 ,x has 
co/ mank9d  mu* "t & blood to secure :at
 little x has ga9$ s f> f  k+s1 ts>s &  
gov]nm5ts4    ,! great h]oic figure ( t 
long ,golgo?a has be5 ,man4 ,x has      
always be5 ! individual1 (t5 alone &    
s+ly1 at o!r times 9  unity &           
co-op]ation ) o!rs ( 8 k9d1 :o has f\ght
 & bl$  9 ! age-long battle aga9/       

suppression & oppression1 aga9/ !  p[]s 
t enslave & degrade him4    ,m ?an t & m
 significant3 ,x 0 man1 ! individual1 ^:
  s\l fir/ rebell$ aga9/ inju/ice &     
degradation2 x 0 !  individual :o fir/  
conceiv$ ! idea ( resi/ance to !        
conditions  "u :i* he *af$4 ,9 %ort1 x  
is always ! individual :o is !  p>5t ( !
 lib]at+ ?\ght z well z ( ! de$4    ,?is
 ref]s n only to political /ruggles1 b  
to ! entire gamut (  human life & ef=t1 
9 all ages & climes4 ,x has always be5 !
  individual1 ! man ( /rong m9d & w to  
lib]ty1 :o pav$ !  way = e human        
advance1 = e /ep t[>d a fre] & bett]    
_w2 9 sci5ce1 philosophy & art1 z well z
 9 indu/ry1 ^:  g5ius rose to ! heights1
 conceiv+ ! 8impossible10 visualiz+ its 
realization & imbu+ o!rs ) 8 en?usiasm  
to "w & /rive  = x4 ,socially speak+1 x 
0 always ! prophet1 ! se]1 !  ideali/1  
:o dream$ ( a _w m to 8 he>t's desire & 
:o  s]v$ z ! beacon light on ! road to  
great] a*ievem5t4    ,! ,/ate1 e        
gov]nm5t :atev] its =m1 "* or color--be 

x  absolute or con/itutional1 mon>*y or 
republic1 ,fasci/1 ,nazi or             
,bol%evik--is by its v nature           
cons]vative1 /atic1 intol]ant (  *ange &
 oppos$ to x4 ,:atev] *anges x und]goes 
are always !  result ( pressure ex]t$ ^u
 x1 pressure /rong en\gh to compel !    
rul+ p[]s to submit peaceably or        
o!rwise1 g5]ally  8o!rwise0--t is1 by   
revolution4 ,moreov]1 ! inh]5t          
cons]vatism  ( gov]nm5t1 ( au?ority (   
any k9d1 unavoidably becomes            
reaction>y4 ,= two reasons3 fir/1       
because x is 9 ! nature (  gov]nm5t n   
only to reta9 ! p[] x has1 b also to    
/r5g!n1  wid5 & p]petuate x1 nationally 
z well z int]nationally4 ,!  /rong]     
au?ority gr[s1 ! great] ! ,/ate & its   
p[]1 ! less  x c tol]ate a simil>       
au?ority or political p[] along-side (  
itself4 ,! psy*ology ( gov]nm5t dem&s t 
its influ5ce &  pre/ige con/antly gr[1  
at home & abroad1 & x exploits e        
opportunity to increase x4 ,?is t5d5cy  
is motivat$ by ! f9ancial  & comm]cial  

int]e/s back ( ! gov]nm5t1 repres5t$ &  
s]v$  by x4 ,! fundam5tal raison d'etre 
( e gov]nm5t to :i*1  incid5tally1      
hi/orians ( =m] days wilfully %ut _!    
eyes1 has  become too obvi\s n[ ev5 =   
pr(essors to ignore4    ,! o!r factor   
:i* impels gov]nm5ts to become ev5 m    
cons]vative & reaction>y is _! inh]5t   
di/ru/ ( !  individual & fe> (          
individuality4 ,our political & social  
s*eme  _c af=d to tol]ate ! individual &
 8 con/ant que/ =  innovation4 ,9       
8self-def5se0 ! ,/ate !re=e suppresses1 
p]secutes1 puni%es & ev5 deprives !     
individual ( life4 ,x is  aid$ 9 ?is by 
e in/itution t /&s = ! pres]vation (  ! 
exi/+ ord]4 ,x resorts to e =m ( viol5ce
 & =ce1 &  its ef=ts are support$ by !  
8moral indignation0 ( ! majority  aga9/ 
! h]etic1 ! social diss5t] & ! political
 rebel--!  majority = c5turies drill$ 9 
,/ate wor%ip1 tra9$ 9 discipl9e  &      
ob$i5ce & subdu$ by ! awe ( au?ority 9 !
 home1 !  s*ool1 ! *ur* & ! press4    ,!
 /ronge/ bulw>k ( au?ority is uni=mity2 

! lea/ div]g5ce  f x is ! greate/ crime4
 ,! :olesale me*anisation ( mod]n  life 
has increas$ uni=mity a ?\s&fold4 ,x is 
ev]y:]e pres5t1  9 habits1 ta/es1 dress1
 ?\ghts & ideas4 ,its mo/ conc5trat$    
dullness is 8public op9ion40 ,few h !   
c\rage to /& out aga9/  x4 ,he :o       
refuses to submit is at once labell$    
8que]10 8diff]5t0  & decri$ z a di/urb+ 
elem5t 9 ! com=table /agnancy (  mod]n  
life4    ,p]haps ev5 m ?an con/itut$    
au?ority1 x is social uni=mity  &       
sam5ess t h>ass ! individual ma/4 ,8 v  
8uniqu5ess10  8sep>at5ess0 &            
8diff]5tiation0 make him an ali51 n only
 9 8  native place1 b ev5 9 8 own home4 
,(t5 m s ?an ! =eign  born :o g5]ally   
falls 9 ) ! e/abli%$4    ,9 ! true s5se 
"o's native l&1 ) its backgr\nd (       
tradition1  e>ly impressions1           
rem9isc5ces & o!r ?+s de> to "o1 is n   
en\gh to make s5sitive human be+s feel  
at home4 ,a c]ta9 atmosph]e  (          
8belong+10 ! consci\sness ( be+ 8at "o0 
) ! p &  environm5t1 is m ess5tial to   

"o's feel+ ( home4 ,?is holds good  9   
relation to "o's family1 ! small] local 
circle1 z well z !  l>g] phase ( ! life 
& activities commonly call$ "o's c\ntry4
  ,! individual ^: vision encompasses ! 
:ole _w (t5 feels  n[h]e s h$g$ 9 & out 
( t\* ) 8 surr\nd+s ?an 9 8  native l&4 
,9 pre-w> "t ! individual c\ld at lea/  
escape national & family  bor$om4 ,!    
:ole _w 0 op5 to 8 long+s & 8 que/s4 ,n[
  ! _w has become a prison1 & life      
cont9ual solit>y conf9em5t4  ,especially
 is ?is true s9ce ! adv5t ( dictator%ip1
 "r &  left4    ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e call$
 ! ,/ate a cold mon/]4 ,:at w\ld he h   
call$ ! hide\s bea/ 9 ! g>b ( mod]n     
dictator%ip8 ,n t  gov]nm5t _h ev] all[$
 mu* scope to ! individual2 b !         
*ampions ( ! new ,/ate ideology d n     
grant ev5 t mu*4 8,!  individual is     
no?+10 !y decl>e1 8x is ! collectivity  
:i*  c\nts40 ,no?+ less ?an ! complete  
surr5d] ( ! individual w  satisfy !     
insatiable appetite ( ! new deity4      
,/rangely en\gh1 ! l\de/ advocates ( ?is

 new gospel are to be  f\nd among !     
,briti% & ,am]ican intellig5tsia4 ,j n[ 
!y are  enamor$ ) ! 8dictator%ip ( !    
prolet>iat40 ,9 !ory only1 to  be sure4 
,9 practice1 !y /ill pref] ! few        
lib]ties 9 _! own  respective c\ntries4 
,!y g to ,russia = a %ort visit or z    
salesm5  ( ! 8revolution10 b !y feel    
saf] & m com=table at home4    ,p]haps x
 is n only lack ( c\rage :i* keeps ^!   
good ,briti%]s  & ,am]icans 9 _! native 
l&s r ?an 9 ! mill5ium come4            
,subconsci\sly !re may lurk ! feel+ t   
individuality rema9s !  mo/ fundam5tal  
fact ( all human association1 suppress$ 
&  p]secut$ yet nev] defeat$1 & 9 ! long
 run ! victor4    ,! 8g5ius ( man10 :i* 
is b ano!r "n = p]sonality &            
individuality1 bores its way ?r\gh all !
 cav]ns ( dogma1 ?r\gh  ! ?ick walls (  
tradition & cu/om1 defy+ all taboos1    
sett+  au?ority at naught1 fac+         
contumely & ! scaffold--ultimately to be
  bless$ z prophet & m>tyr by succe$+   
g5]ations4 ,b = !  8g5ius ( man10 t     

inh]5t1 p]si/5t quality ( individuality1
 we  w\ld be /ill roam+ ! primeval =e/s4
    ,pet] ,kropotk9 has %[n :at wond]ful
 results ?is unique =ce (  man's        
individuality has a*iev$ :5 /r5g!n$ by  
co-op]ation )  o!r individualities4 ,!  
"o-sid$ & entirely inadequate ,d>w9ian  
!ory ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce receiv$ its  
biological &  sociological completion f 
! great ,an>*i/ sci5ti/ & ?9k]4  ,9 8   
pr(\nd "w1 ,mutual ,aid1 ,kropotk9 %[s t
 9 ! animal  k+dom1 z well z 9 human    
society1 co-op]ation--z oppos$ to       
int]nec9e /rife & /ruggle--has work$ = !
 survival &  evolution ( ! species4 ,he 
demon/rat$ t only mutual aid &  volunt>y
 co-op]ation--n ! omnipot5t1            
all-deva/at+ ,/ate--c  create ! basis = 
a free individual & associational life4 
,at pres5t ! individual is ! pawn ( !   
zealots ( dictator%ip &  ! equally      
obsess$ zealots ( 8rugg$ individualism40
 ,! excuse (  ! =m] is its claim ( a new
 objective4 ,! latt] does n ev5  make a 
pret5se ( any?+ new4 ,z a matt] ( fact  

8rugg$  individualism0 has le>n$ no?+ & 
=gott5 no?+4 ,"u its  guidance ! brute  
/ruggle = physical exi/5ce is /ill kept 
up4  ,/range z x may seem1 & utt]ly     
absurd z x is1 ! /ruggle =  physical    
survival goes m]rily on ?\gh ! necessity
 = x has  entirely disappe>$4 ,inde$1 ! 
/ruggle is be+ cont9u$ app>5tly  because
 !re is no necessity = x4 ,does n       
s-call$ ov]production  prove x8 ,is n ! 
_w-wide economic crisis an eloqu5t      
demon/ration t ! /ruggle = exi/5ce is   
be+ ma9ta9$ by !  bl9dness ( 8rugg$     
individualism0 at ! risk ( its own      
de/ruction8    ,"o ( ! insane           
*>act]i/ics ( ?is /ruggle is ! complete 
negation ( ! relation ( ! produc] to !  
?+s he produces4 ,!  av]age work] has no
 inn] po9t ( contact ) ! indu/ry he is  
employ$ 91 & he is a /rang] to ! process
 ( production ( :i*  he is a me*anical  
"p4 ,l any o!r cog ( ! ma*9e1 he is     
replaceable at any "t by o!r simil>     
dep]sonaliz$ human be+s4    ,!          
intellectual prolet>ian1 ?\gh he        

fooli%ly ?9ks himself a free  ag5t1 is n
 mu* bett] (f4 ,he1 too1 has a little   
*oice or  self-direction1 9 8 p>ticul>  
meti] z 8 bro!r :o works )  8 h&s4      
,mat]ial consid]ations & desire = great]
 social  pre/ige are usually ! decid+   
factors 9 ! vocation ( !  intellectual4 
,add$ to x is ! t5d5cy to foll[ 9 !     
foot/eps (  family tradition1 & become  
doctors1 lawy]s1 tea*]s1 eng9e]s1 etc4  
,! groove requires less ef=t &          
p]sonality4 ,9 consequ5ce ne>ly         
ev]ybody is out ( place 9 our pres5t    
s*eme ( ?+s4 ,! masses  plod on1 p>tly  
because _! s5ses h be5 dull$ by ! deadly
  r\t9e ( "w & because !y mu/ eke out an
 exi/5ce4 ,?is applies  ) ev5 great] =ce
 to ! political fabric ( today4 ,!re is 
no  place 9 its texture = free *oice (  
indep5d5t ?\ght &  activity4 ,!re is a  
place only = vot+ & tax-pay+ puppets4   
,! int]e/s ( ! ,/ate & ^? ( ! individual
 diff]  fundam5tally & are antagoni/ic4 
,! ,/ate & ! political &  economic      
in/itutions x supports c exi/ only by   

fa%ion+ !  individual to _! p>ticul>    
purpose2 tra9+ him to respect 8law &    
ord]20 tea*+ him ob$i5ce1 submission &  
unque/ion+ fai? 9  ! wisdom & ju/ice (  
gov]nm5t2 above all1 loyal s]vice &     
complete self-sacrifice :5 ! ,/ate      
comm&s x1 z 9 w>4 ,! ,/ate  puts itself 
& its int]e/s ev5 above ! claims (      
religion & (  ,god4 ,x puni%es religi\s 
or consci5ti\s scruples aga9/           
individuality because !re is no         
individuality )\t lib]ty1 &  lib]ty is !
 greate/ m5ace to au?ority4    ,!       
/ruggle ( ! individual aga9/ ^! trem5d\s
 odds is ! m  difficult--too (t5 dang]\s
 to life & limb--because x is n tru?  or
 falsehood :i* s]ves z ! crit]ion ( !   
opposition he meets4  ,x is n ! validity
 or usefulness ( 8 ?\ght or activity :i*
  r\ses aga9/ him ! =ces ( ! ,/ate & (  
8public op9ion40 ,!  p]secution ( !     
innovator & prote/ant has always be5    
inspir$ by  fe> on ! "p ( con/itut$     
au?ority ( hav+ its infallibility       
que/ion$ & its p[] und]m9$4    ,man's   

true lib]ation1 individual & collective1
 lies 9 8  emancipation f au?ority & f !
 belief 9 x4 ,all human  evolution has  
be5 a /ruggle 9 t direction & = t       
object4 ,x  is n inv5tion & me*anics :i*
 con/itute developm5t4 ,!  ability to   
travel at ! rate ( #ajj miles an h\r is 
no evid5ce (  be+ civiliz$4 ,true       
civilization is to be measur$ by !      
individual1  ! unit ( all social life2  
by 8 individuality & ! ext5t to  :i* x  
is free to h its be+1 to gr[ & exp&     
unh9d]$ by  invasive & co]cive1         
au?ority4    ,socially speak+1 !        
crit]ion ( civilization & culture is !  
degree ( lib]ty & economic opportunity  
:i* ! individual enjoys2  ( social &    
int]national unity & co-op]ation        
unre/rict$ by  man-made laws & o!r      
artificial ob/acles2 by ! abs5ce (      
privileg$ ca/es & by ! reality ( lib]ty 
& human dignity2 9  %ort1 by ! true     
emancipation ( ! individual4            
,political absolutism has be5 aboli%$   
because m5 h realiz$ 9 !  c\rse ( "t t  

absolute p[] is evil & de/ructive4 ,b ! 
same  ?+ is true ( all p[]1 :e!r x be ! 
p[] ( privilege1 (  money1 ( ! prie/1 ( 
! politician or ( s-call$ democracy4 ,9 
its effect on individuality x matt]s    
little :at ! p>ticul>  "* ( co]cion     
is--:e!r x be z black z ,fascism1 z     
yell[  z ,nazism or z pret5ti\sly r$ z  
,bol%evism4 ,x is p[] t  corrupts &     
degrades bo? ma/] & slave & x makes no  
diff]5ce  :e!r ! p[] is wield$ by an    
autocrat1 by p>liam5t or ,soviets4  ,m  
p]nici\s ?an ! p[] ( a dictator is t ( a
 class2 !  mo/ t]rible--! tyranny ( a   
majority4    ,! long process ( hi/ory   
has taught man t division & /rife mean  
dea?1 & t unity & co-op]ation advance 8 
cause1 multiply 8  /r5g? & fur!r 8      
welf>e4 ,! _s ( gov]nm5t has always     
work$ aga9/ ! social application ( ?is  
vital lesson1 except :]e  x s]v$ ! ,/ate
 & aid$ its own p>ticul> int]e/s4 ,x is 
?is  anti-progressive & anti-social _s (
 ! ,/ate & ( !  privileg$ ca/es back ( x
 :i* has be5 responsible = ! bitt]      

/ruggle betwe5 man & man4 ,! individual 
& ev] l>g] gr\ps (  individuals are     
beg9n+ to see b5ea? ! surface ( !       
e/abli%$  ord] ( ?+s4 ,no long] are !y s
 bl9d$ z 9 ! pa/ by !  gl>e & t9sel ( ! 
,/ate idea1 & ( ! 8bless+s0 ( 8rugg$    
individualism40 ,man is rea*+ out = !   
wid] scope ( human  relations :i* lib]ty
 alone c give4 ,= true lib]ty is n a m]e
  scrap ( pap] call$ 8con/itution10     
8legal "r0 or 8law40 ,x is n  an        
ab/raction d]iv$ f ! non-reality kn[n z 
8! ,/ate40 ,x is  n ! negative ?+ ( be+ 
free f some?+1 because )  su* fre$om y  
may />ve to dea?4 ,real fre$om1 true    
lib]ty is  positive3 x is fre$om to     
some?+2 x is ! lib]ty to be1 to d2  9   
%ort1 ! lib]ty ( actual & active        
opportunity4    ,t sort ( lib]ty is n a 
gift3 x is ! natural "r ( man1 (  e     
human be+4 ,x _c be giv52 x _c be       
conf]r$ by any law  or gov]nm5t4 ,! ne$ 
( x1 ! long+ = x1 is inh]5t 9 !         
individual4 ,disob$i5ce to e =m (       
co]cion is ! in/9ctive  expression ( x4 

,rebellion & revolution are ! m or less 
consci\s attempt to a*ieve x4 ,^?       
manife/ations1 individual &  social1 are
 fundam5tally expressions ( ! values (  
man4 ,t ^?  values may be nurtur$1 !    
community mu/ realize t its greate/ &   
mo/ la/+ asset is ! unit--! individual4 
,9 religion1 z 9 politics1 p speak (    
ab/ractions & believe  !y are deal+ )   
realities4 ,b :5 x does come to ! real &
  ! concrete1 mo/ p seem to lose vital  
t\* ) x4 ,x may well  be because reality
 alone is too matt]-(-fact1 too cold to 
en?use !  human s\l4 ,x c be ar\s$ to   
en?usiasm only by ?+s out ( !           
commonplace1 out ( ! ord9>y4 ,9 o!r     
words1 ! ,ideal is ! sp>k  t fires !    
imag9ation & he>ts ( m54 ,"s ideal is   
ne$$ to  r\se man out ( ! in]tia &      
humdrum ( 8 exi/5ce & turn !  abject    
slave into an h]oic figure4    ,"r "h1 (
 c\rse1 comes ! ,m>xi/ objector :o has  
outm>x$ ,m>x  himself4 ,to su* a "o1 man
 is a m]e puppet 9 ! h&s ( t            
metaphysical ,almighty call$ economic   

det]m9ism or1 m vulg>ly1 !  class       
/ruggle4 ,man's w1 individual &         
collective1 8 psy*ic life  & m5tal      
ori5tation c\nt = almo/ no?+ ) our      
,m>xi/ & d  n affect 8 conception (     
human hi/ory4    ,no intellig5t /ud5t w 
d5y ! importance ( ! economic factor  9 
! social gr[? & developm5t ( mank9d4 ,b 
only n>r[ &  wilful dogmatism c p]si/ 9 
rema9+ bl9d to ! important role  play$  
by an idea z conceiv$ by ! imag9ation & 
aspirations ( !  individual4    ,x 7 va9
 & unpr(itable to attempt to balance "o 
factor z  aga9/ ano!r 9 human exp]i5ce4 
,no "o s+le factor 9 ! complex  (       
individual or social behavior c be      
designat$ z ! factor (  decisive        
quality4 ,we "k too little1 & may nev]  
"k en\gh1 (  human psy*ology to weigh & 
measure ! relative values ( ?is or  t   
factor 9 det]m9+ man's conduct4 ,to =m  
su* dogmas 9 _!  social connotation is  
no?+ %ort ( bigotry2 yet1 p]haps1 x has 
its  uses1 = ! v attempt to d s prov$ ! 
p]si/5ce ( ! human  w & confutes !      

,m>xi/s4    ,=tunately ev5 "s ,m>xi/s   
are beg9n+ to see t all is n well  ) !  
,m>xian cre$4 ,aft] all1 ,m>x 0 b       
human--all too  human--h5ce by no means 
infallible4 ,! practical application (  
economic det]m9ism 9 ,russia is help+ to
 cle> ! m9ds ( ! m  intellig5t ,m>xi/s4 
,?is c be se5 9 ! trans-valuation (     
,m>xian  values go+ on 9 ,sociali/ & ev5
 ,communi/ ranks 9 "s ,european         
c\ntries4 ,!y are sl[ly realis+ t _!    
!ory has ov]look$  ! human elem5t1 d5   
,m5s*51 is a ,sociali/ pap] put x4      
,important z ! economic factor is1 x is 
n en\gh4 ,! rejuv5ation  ( mank9d ne$s !
 inspiration & en]gis+ =ce ( an ideal4  
,su* an ideal ,i see 9 ,an>*ism4 ,to be 
sure1 n 9 ! popul>  misrepres5tations ( 
,an>*ism spread by ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ,/ate
  & au?ority4 ,i mean ! philosophy ( a  
new social ord] bas$ on !  releas$      
en]gies ( ! individual & ! free         
association (  lib]at$ individuals4     
,( all social !ories ,an>*ism alone     
/eadfa/ly proclaims t  society exi/s =  

man1 n man = society4 ,! sole legitimate
 purpose  ( society is to s]ve ! ne$s & 
advance ! aspiration ( !  individual4   
,only by do+ s c x ju/ify its exi/5ce & 
be an aid  to progress & culture4    ,! 
political p>ties & m5 savagely scrambl+ 
= p[] w scorn  me z hopelessly out (    
tune ) our "t4 ,i *e]fully admit !      
*>ge4 ,i f9d com=t 9 ! assurance t _!   
hy/]ia lacks  endur+ quality4 ,_!       
hosanna is b ( ! h\r4    ,man's ye>n+ = 
lib]ation f all au?ority & p[] w nev] be
  soo!d by _! crack$ song4 ,man's que/ =
 fre$om f e  %ackle is et]nal4 ,x mu/ & 
w g on4          ,?is pamphlet is       
sponsor$ by ! ,free ,society ,=um       
#abda ,n4 ,cali=nia ,av5ue      ,*icago1
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,an an>*i/--,communi/ ,publication      
#de ,we/ #ag? ,/4         ,new ,york    
,subscription #a4jj p] ye>4             
8,bol%evism ,promises & ,reality0       
by         ,g4 ,maximov         ,"o ( ! 
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on !       ,russian ,revolution1 by a   

man :o liv$ ?r\gh its v>i\s       /ages4
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autobiographies ev] writt54             
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docum5t ( ! mo/ absorb+ ?\ght40         
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unmat*$ by any woman ( our "t40         
,! ,n4 ,y4 ,h]ald-,tribune              
8jaybass0 ,illu/ration3 pr9t]s logo     
pr9t+          ,transcrib]'s ,note      
,obvi\s typographical errors correct$ z 
foll[s3      ,on ,page #c3 #8,is        
political gov]m5t1 is !                 
,/ate444'--correct$ to                  
#8gov]nm5t'4    ,on ,page #aj3 #8,b = ! 

8g5uis ( man10 t444'--correct$ to       
#8g5ius'4    ,on ,back ,cov]3 #8444mo/  
absorb+ ?\gh4'--correct$ to             
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correct$ )\t note4    ,que/ionable      
spell+s ( #8mill5ium'1 #8wilful' &      
#8wilfully' reta9$4    ,text d5otes     
italic & text d5otes bold 9 ?is e-text  
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 ,pamphlet & ! title giv5 on  ! fir/    
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