,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,spottiswoode ,,& ,,co41 ,,new-,,/reet ,,squ>e ,,& ,,p>liam5t ,,/reet ,,on ,,horse-,,break+ ,,by ,,rob]t ,,moreton1 ,m4,r4,c4,v4,s4 ,,london ,,longmans1 ,,gre51 ,,& ,,co4 #ahgg ,all rights res]v$ ,,preface4 ,9 ^! pages x has be5 my endeav\r to po9t out "s ( ! errors 9 horse-break+ :i* h be5 bl9dly foll[$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & to embrace z mu* matt] 9 a %ort space z is compatible ) cle>ness ( expression4 ,i hope t ?is little volume may prove ( "s s]vice to agriculturi/s & horse-own]s1 :o (t5 break-9 _! own colts or cause !m to be brok5-9 by _! grooms1 & t !y may be able to realise l>g] prices = _! horses :5 prop]ly brok5 ?an !y o!rwise w\ld4 ,rob]t ,moreton4 #ba ,onsl[ ,g>d5s1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,halt]+ ,a ,,colt4 ,,page ,t mo/ 9 vogue--,a sc5e--,driv+ a colt f pa/ure--,gett+ him into ! /able--,selection ( halt]--,h[ to tame lions & tig]s--,signs ( temp] 9 a colt--,h[ to h&le him--,ty+ him up --,an in/ance ( a wild colt #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,longe+ ,,! ,,colt4 ,lead+ 9 circles1 semicircles1 & 9 a /raight l9e--,bits us$ = m\?+ purposes--,m\?+ by ma*9]y v]sus me*anical m\?+--,plac+ ! tackl+ on ! colt--,tea*+ him to pass vehicles1 etc4--,%oe+ ! colt #ai ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,saddl+ ,,! ,,colt4 ,! common m>t+ale--,! ,fr5* m>t+ale--,! prop] position = ! bit 9 ! m\?--,rid]s ) & )\t h&s--,ditto ) & )\t seats--,m\nt+--,! fir/ ride--,rem>ks on grooms & coa*m5--,h[ to pass a heap ( /ones--,:5 to use :ip & spur--,m\?+--,horse-tam+--,capta9 ,cuttle's fig-tree #dc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,tea*+ ,,! ,,colt ,,8 ,,paces4 ,! walk--,ignorance ( ,engli%m5 z to ! value ( ! walk--,au/ralian walk+ horses--,! trot--,! jig-jog--,! fly+ trot--,ladies' trott]s--,! cant]--,ladies' rock+ horses--,! gallop--,tra9]s #fc ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,road ,,hack4 ,8 con=mation--,! ladies' horse--,rott5 ,r[--,! cov]t hack--,! hunt]--,= an op5 c\ntry--,= a cramp$ c\ntry--#8,made hunt]s'--,pleasures ( a pull+ horse--,break+ 9 a colt to h\nds--#8,c he leap8'--,natural jump]s--,artificial f5ces--,lift+ horses at _! f5ces--,an incid5t--,wat] jumps--,h[ to fall well--,high-c\rag$ v]sus sluggi% horses--,wa%+ horses' legs--,mud fev]--,/opp+ horses' feet--,microscopic exp]im5ts--,engli% rac]s 9 ,au/ralia & ,india--,p>+ horses' feet--,colts %$d+ _! tee?--,composition ( bone--,two-ye>-old rac+--,prize-fight]s--,e>ly maturity & e>ly decay--,fam\s ,am]ican trott]s3 ,topgallant1 ,lady ,blan*e1 ,dut*man1 ,ajax1 ,flora ,temple1 ,lady ,?orn1 ,goldsmi? ,maid1 ,dext]1 ,am]ican girl--,rac+ n[-a-days a money-mak+ bus9ess #ge ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,break+ ,,to ,,h>ness4 ,d\ble v]sus s+le h>ness--,f\r :eels v]sus two--,break+ to d\ble h>ness--,break+ to s+le h>ness--,break+ ! c>t colt to h>ness--,bl9k]s--,ladies' eyes #aaa ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,b>\*e1 ,,l&au1 ,,& ,,br\gham ,,horse4 ,! ,victoria1 ,t-c>t1 light waggonette1 or dog-c>t horse--,! omnibus & van horse--,! c>t-horse--,! ,l9coln%ire dray-horse --,! ,suffolk pun*--,! ,clydesdale--,scot* bre$]s #aca ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,halt]+ ,a ,,colt4 ,,t ,,mo/ ,,9 ,,vogue--,a ,,sc5e--,,driv+ ,a ,,colt ,,f ,,pa/ure--,,gett+ ,,him ,,into ,,! ,,/able--,,selection ,,( ,,halt]--,,h[ ,,to ,,tame ,,lions ,,& ,,tig]s--,,signs ,,( ,,temp] ,,9 ,a ,,colt--,,h[ ,,to ,,h&le ,,him--,,ty+ ,,him ,,up --,,an ,,in/ance ,,( ,a ,,wild ,,colt4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,halt]+ ,a ,,colt4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! break+-9 ( a horse is plac+ a halt] ^u 8 head4 ,!re are _m me?ods ( do+ ?is 9 vogue1 mo/ ( :i* are by brute =ce2 = in/ance1 a f>m] has a colt he wi%es to halt]1 s he gets 8 m5 toge!r1 & drives ! colt into a y>d or /able2 a man !n hangs on to ! timid animal by "o ( 8 e>s & 8 nose1 ano!r man seizes 8 tail1 :il/ ?ree or f\r m m5 pu% aga9/ ei!r side ( ! poor fright5$ bea/2 !n ensues a /ruggle3 ! colt1 fright5$ out ( 8 s5ses & n kn[+ :at is requir$ ( him1 fights ! half-doz5 m5 cl++ to him2 he re>s1 kicks1 bites1 & /rikes ) 8 =e feet4 ,! m5 on see+ ?is1 & ! f>m] /&+ ne>1 say he is a savage brute1 & mu/ be r$uc$ by savage means4 ,! colt is !n beat5 ) a broom or pit*=k-h&le1 8 tail is twi/$1 & e means ( inflict+ excruciat+ pa9 is resort$ to1 :i* in/ead ( subdu+ ! animal has ! rev]se effect2 ! colt1 be+ driv5 to madness1 /ruggles & fights until he vanqui%es 8 foes4 ,!re is !n a consultation betwe5 ! f>m] & 8 m51 & at la/ ?is f]oci\s bea/ is halt]$ by /ratagem1 b ?r\gh\t all 8 life he is ei!r vici\s or extremely n]v\s & %y1 = he w nev] =get 8 fir/ introduction to mank9d1 & ! r\gh usage he !n und]w5t4 ,i well rememb] a sc5e enact$ dur+ ! above process1 & ?9k ,i _c d bett] ?an rec\nt x "h4 ,! colt to be halt]$ 0 driv5 into an empty /able1 & got into "o ( ! /alls2 ! m5 !n all press$ =w>d to keep him !re1 & ! above me?od ( halt]+ 0 gone ?r\gh1 b ! colt be+ a game "o1 kick$ a hole ?r\gh ! p>tition1 & knock$ "s ( ! m5 d[n4 ,aft] ! m5 _h recov]$ !mselves !y began aga91 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t two ( !m got ! colt's tail ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! p>tition1 & hung on to x ) might & ma91 !y be+ 9 security on ! opposite side ( ! p>tition to t on :i* ! colt 04 ,?9k+ x 0 n my bus9ess to int]f]e ) ! own]'s ord]s1 ,i /ood by & wat*$ ?is process = an h\r & a half1 till at la/ ! m5 be+ exhau/$1 & ! colt z game z ev]1 ! own] ask$ my op9ion z to h[ ! animal c\ld be halt]$1 on :i* ,i told him t if he w\ld )draw 8 m5 ,i w\ld halt] him myself1 :i* ,i accord+ly did 9 ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,to proce$ ) ! subject ( ?is *apt]3 ! colt or filly 7?r\gh\t ?is treatise ,i %all assume t e animal to be brok5-9 is a colt1 = if ,i spoke ( colts & fillies ,i %\ld only confuse myself z well z my read]s7 to be halt]$ %\ld be driv5 into a y>d1 /able1 or loose box z quietly z possible--! be/ way be+ to lead an old horse1 & endeav\r to entice ! "y "o to foll[1 hav+ "o or two m5 to walk quietly beh9d to keep him up1 = he might o!rwise lag beh9d & !n gallop (f by himself 9 an opposite direction4 ,if ! m5 foll[ up quietly1 & at a c]ta9 di/ance 7= !y mu/ n be too close1 or ! animal w take fright & gallop away7 ! colt w1 z a rule1 foll[ 8 lead]4 ,! mo/ important po9t is p]fect quietness on ! "p ( ! m5 engag$ 9 ?is bus9ess2 !y %\ld1 h[ev]1 speak 9 l[ soo?+ tones to ! colt1 & d any?+ !y may happ5 to ?9k ( to allay ! fe>s ( ! "y animal4 ,! m5 %\ld keep _! arms /ill2 9 fact1 ! be/ ?+ !y c d is to put _! h&s 9 _! tr\s] pockets1 & keep !m !re4 ,!y mu/ on no acc\nt yell & %\t1 b d all !y c to prev5t ! colt ?9k+ !y are foll[+ him2 9 %ort1 !y %\ld dissemble z f> z possible1 & try to imag9e !mselves out = a quiet /roll1 & t ! movem5ts ( ! colt be=e !m h no?+ 9 ! _w to d ) !m4 ,by ?is means a colt c be driv5 to ! place select$ to halt] him 9 ) little or no tr\ble2 b let !re be any fuss or unusual noise1 & ! animal w !n1 ?r\gh 8 in/9ct1 guess t some?+ is go+ to happ5 to him1 & w %[ y a clean pair ( heels4 ,i w n[ suppose ! colt has be5 driv5 into a /able ) ! old horse1 & w also g s f> z to suppose t !re is a loose box 9 ! /able4 ,n m ?an two m5 %\ld be 9 ! /able n[1 "o ( !m to hold ! old horse1 & wat* 8 opportunity ( lead+ him out1 & ! o!r to ins9uate himself by degrees betwe5 ! colt & ! old horse1 & /op ! colt ru%+ out :5 he f9ds ! horse is leav+ him4 ,my reason = n[ remov+ ! old horse is1 t :e!r 9 halt]+ a colt1 or dur+ any o!r process ( break+-91 y %\ld always disp5se ) any?+ t is calculat$ to draw ! colt's gaze f y\rself1 = y require 8 undivid$ att5tion4 ,a *ild _c le>n 8 alphabet & play ) ! animals 9 8 ,noah's ark at ! same "t2 mu* less1 !re=e1 c a colt1 be+ unable to und]/& :at y say to him1 le>n by y\r voice1 mann]1 & c>esses1 :at y wi% ( him1 :5 !re is ano!r horse or man ne> him1 ^: lea/ movem5t w attract 8 att5tion1 if n al>m him1 be+ z he is 9 a p]fectly new position--namely1 9 close contact ) a man1 :o z yet he is unable to p]ceive w hurt him or n1 b 8 in/9ct po9ts to ! =m]4 ,aft] ! removal ( ! old horse1 & ! /able door be+ clos$1 "o man only %\ld be 9 ! /able ) ! colt1 :o w endeav\r to get him into ! loose box1 ! door ( :i* %\ld h be5 previ\sly op5$4 ,!re %\ld be no noise or bu/le outside ! /able to di/ract ! colt4 ,! man 9 ! /able mu/ keep quiet1 & all[ ! colt to smell ab\t & inspect ev]y?+1 tak+ advantage f "t to "t ( any ( 8 movem5ts to manuvre him into ! box4 ,! great ?+ is "t2 take pl5ty ( "t1 d n hurry1 b wat* y\r opportunities ( improv+ y\r position4 ,?is may be comp>$ to a ,g5]al comm&+ an army 9 action2 he /&s quietly wat*+ ! battle1 & gives ord]s to 8 m5 to take up su* situations z f "t to "t he sees w lead to ! success ( 8 army4 ,by degrees ! colt gets ne>] 8 loose box1 & out ( %e] curiosity walks 9 to inspect x4 ,n[ is y\r "t2 walk up quickly b quietly & close ! door4 ,if y make mu* noise & fuss ab\t x1 ! colt w become al>m$ & ru% out1 & !n1 ?r\gh y\r own fault1 y w h to g ?r\gh ! :ole p]=mance aga94 ,y _h bett] n[ leave ! colt alone = half an h\r or s1 t he may become accu/om$ to 8 new qu>t]s1 aft] :i* y may endeav\r to halt] him4 ,select a halt] ) a long #8%ank' 7,i pref] "o ab\t eight feet 9 l5g?1 if x is mu* long] x w be an encumbrance71 & tie a knot 9 x s z to prev5t ! nose-b& p9*+ ! jaws :5 ! colt pulls at ! rope on f9d+ he is fa/4 ,ent] ! loose box & close ! door1 hang ! halt] up out ( ! way ( ! colt1 = x is bett] to approa* him fir/ )\t x4 ,avoid all unnecess>y movem5ts ( ! arms1 z !y w fright5 ! colt2 :5 y take a /ep1 d x sl[ly & quietly2 if y only take "o /ep 9 a m9ute1 x w repay y2 be delib]ate1 quiet1 & g5tle 9 e movem5t4 ,! colt w n[ be wat*+ y1 n be+ able to und]/& :at is go+ to happ54 ,speak to him soo?+ly1 & approa* g5tly & sl[ly4 ,wat* him1 d n />e 9 8 eyes ) a f]oci\s look1 z "s p d1 "u ! impression t by s do+ !y c subdue ! wilde/ animal4 ,i h be5 told x w tame a lion or tig]1 b ,i "k x w n subdue a horse1 = ,i h tri$ x4 ,d n fix y\r eye on any "o spot on 8 body1 b keep mov+ !m f 8 eyes to 8 e>s1 f 8 tail to 8 legs1 9 fact keep !m runn+ all ov] 8 body1 = a man :o kn[s a horse w und]/& by any "o or comb9$ movem5ts ( ! above p>ts :at sort ( temp] ! colt is 91 & also 9 :at =m he may expect an attack4 ,= in/ance1 if ! colt %ake 8 tail impati5tly1 & move "o ( 8 h9d legs1 y may look out = a kick]2 if he ar* 8 neck1 lay 8 e>s back1 & take %ort snaps ) 8 m\?1 y mu/ take c>e he does n bite y2 if he paw vici\sly ) 8 =e-feet1 he probably w /rike y if he c4 ,i d n lay ^! rules d[n z facts :i* are inv9cible1 b t !y g5]ally %[ 9 :i* direction ! temp] ( ! colt w be manife/$1 & ?us ! break]-9 c avoid be+ bitt51 kick$1 or /ruck if he keep 8 eyes op54 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! man %\ld imag9e t e colt has ea* & e "o ( ^! tricks1 & ?us be prep>$ = any or all t may pres5t !mselves4 ,i _c lay d[n any rule z to :at po9t on ! body ! h& %\ld fir/ t\*2 ! be/ place und\bt$ly is ! %\ld]1 b y mu/ use y\r own judgm5t aft] hav+ wat*$ ! animal z to :at "p ( 8 body is mo/ accessible4 ,"s colts w all[ y to t\* _! heads directly1 :il/ o!rs--& ,i ?9k !y are ! mo/ num]\s--pres5t _! tails to y4 ,anyh[1 9 :i*ev] "p !y seem mo/ incl9$ to all[ y\r fir/ c>esses1 y mu/ make x y\r rule to1 by degrees1 manipulate t[>ds ! head2 :i*1 aft] y h once be5 p]mitt$ to h&le freely1 y may consid] ! battle z won3 = are n ! s5ses ( see+1 he>+1 smell+1 & s5sation 7,i h no d\bt t ! s5se ( ta/e has also some?+ to d ) ! matt]7 fully develop$ 9 ! head8 ,?us1 ,i make a po9t ( advis+ my read]s always to make an ef=t to h&le ! head1 z by a m intimate & scrut9is+ inspection ( y\r h& & body ! colt is bett] enabl$ to arrive at a fair und]/&+ ) y4 ,n[ t ! colt has all[$ y to h&le him to a c]ta9 ext5t1 & has f\nd y are n go+ to hurt him1 y may leave 8 side 7quietly & sl[ly z :5 y approa*$ him7 & get ! halt] y previ\sly hung up2 b avoid all hurry1 j]k+ ( ! arms1 c4 ,hold ! halt] 9 ! left h& ) ! #8%ank' coil$ up1 ! end ( :i* y mu/ grasp ) ! "r h&4 ,approa* ! colt g5tly z be=e1 speak+ soo?+ly to him2 place y\r "r h& on any "p ( 8 body :i* is easie/ got at1 & "w y\r way g5tly up to ! neck2 sp5d "s "t "h h&l+ him ) y\r "r h& conta9+ ! #8%ank' end 7,i am "h suppos+ ! man to be on ! ne> side ( ! animal1 :]e he ought always to endeav\r to be74 ,hav+ rea*$ ! mane1 pay ! rope out sl[ly betwe5 y\r f+]s1 s t x w fall on ! (f side ( ! neck2 :5 ab\t eighte5 in*es to a c\ple ( feet h be5 work$ out ?r\gh y\r f+]s1 y w see ! end ( ! rope hang+ d[n "u ! neck on ! (f side4 ,y mu/ n[ keep h&l+ ! neck d[nw>ds until y\r h& is close to ! rope's end1 :5 y mu/ cat* x quietly & tie x on ! ne> side s z to =m a noose r\nd ! animal's neck4 ,y c d all ?is easily ) y\r "o h& z x is all f+] "w1 b if y h y\r left h& to help y !re w\ld 9 all probability be a good deal ( elb[ movem5t :i* w\ld fright5 ! colt1 make him move1 & mo/ likely all y\r manipulation w\ld h to be gone ?r\gh aga94 ,al?\gh z yet ! halt] is n on ! colt's head1 x is virtually !re2 = n[ t y h a rope r\nd 8 neck y h him to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 y\r p[]1 & ! re/ is comp>atively easy4 ,! next move is to endeav\r to place ! halt] on 8 head ) y\r left h&1 :il/ y hold ! rope 9 y\r "r1 ?us h p>tial control ov] ! animal4 ,:5 ! halt] is ne> 8 nose he w #8bob' 8 head1 move away1 & feel+ ! con/ra9t ( ! rope r\nd 8 neck = ! fir/ "t1 w /ruggle & endeav\r to drag y to ! o!r side ( ! box2 b he w soon give 91 & !n y c easily place ! halt] on 8 head1 aft] :i* untie ! #8%ank' r\nd 8 neck1 & all is f9i%$4 ,y mu/ n[ h&le him1 pet him1 talk to him1 & make mu* ( him1 b d n pull at ! halt] s z to make him fight4 ,9 half-an-h\r or s y c slip a lea!r head-/all ov] ! halt]1 & remove ! latt]4 ,"s p may say3 #8,:y d y n put ! head-/all on fir/ in/ead ( tak+ all ?is "t & bo!r to put a halt] on8' ,my answ] is ?is3 ! halt] is easie/ put on1 = ! ?roat /rap 9 ! head-/all1 unlike t ( ! bridle1 is a fixture1 & 9 plac+ x on ! head ?is ?roat /rap scrapes along ! sk9 f ! *9 to ! angle ( ! jaw1 caus+ ! colt uneas9ess2 & ano!r drawback is1 t 9 buckl+ on ! head-/all ! colt takes fright1 j]ks 8 head1 & d[n drops ! head-/all at y\r feet3 b if y put x on ov] ! halt] ! colt has by ?is "t got us$ to see+ & feel+ y\r h& ab\t 8 head1 & also y c /eady 8 head ) ! halt]4 ,aga91 ,i ?9k ,i he> ! "q3 #8,:y d y take s mu* "t & tr\ble to tie ! halt] %ank r\nd ! colt's neck :5 y might ?r[ a lasso ov] 8 head 9 a second8' ,my answ] to ?is is1 t ,i d n wi% to fright5 ! colt1 b by g5tl5ess & k9dness to make him repose confid5ce 9 me4 ,if y c sp>e "t1 aft] plac+ ! head-/all on ! colt's head y may h&le him = a "t1 !n place wat] & food )9 8 rea*1 & leave him to himself = ! re/ ( ! day to get accu/om$ to 8 new headdress4 ,on ! foll[+ day y c h&le him quietly 9 ! loose box & (f] him *oice locks ( hay or corn out ( y\r h& to increase 8 intimacy ) y1 & !n y may tie a rope to ! head-/all & fa/5 him up4 ,he is sure to /ruggle :5 he f9ds himself ti$ up1 !re=e y mu/ n leave him2 = if y h done y\r "w prop]ly he w h already recognis$ y z a fri5d & n a foe1 & w1 :5 he he>s y speak+ to him soo?+ly & enc\rag+ly1 become quiet] by degrees1 & w soon cease to resi/4 ,/ay ) him = half-an-h\r & pet him1 !n release him1 take (f ! rope f ! head-/all1 & leave him to himself4 ,! day foll[+ y c repeat ! above1 & aft]w>ds let him out 9 a y>d or paddock by himself = ex]cise2 d n /ay ) him1 b let him amuse himself z he likes4 ,he has le>nt 8 lessons v well s f>1 & w be all ! m fit = future in/ruction if he is all[$ a little recreation4 ,!re is no great] mi/ake ?an ty+ up a colt = half a day at a "t2 x makes him disgu/$ ) 8 lessons & also t5ds to make him hate ! sight ( 8 in/ructor1 :i* %\ld always be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,! wilde/ colt ,i ev] saw :5 fir/ h&l$1 0 aft] a =tnight's h&l+ s fond ( 8 break]-9 t he w\ld foll[ him ab\t :]ev] he w5t 9 an op5 field1 )\t hav+ any allurem5ts held out to him 9 ! %ape ( corn c4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,longe+ ,,! ,,colt4 ,,lead+ ,,9 ,,circles1 ,,semicircles1 ,,& ,,9 ,a ,,/raight ,,l9e--,,bits ,,us$ ,,= ,,m\?+ ,,purposes--,,m\?+ ,,by ,,ma*9]y ,,v]sus ,,me*anical ,,m\?+--,,plac+ ,,! ,,tackl+ ,,on ,,! ,,colt--,,tea*+ ,,him ,,to ,,pass ,,vehicles ,,etc4--,,%oe+ ,,! ,,colt4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,longe+ ,,! ,,colt4 ,! colt may n[ be #8long$' & taught to lead4 ,hav+ procur$ a long cavasson ( webb+ ) a spr+ swivel at "o end1 fa/5 x to ! head/all1 op5 ! door ( ! loose box & all[ ! colt to walk out1 foll[+ him up quietly & regulat+ y\r pace to 81 s t he w n feel himself 9 bondage until he is outside ! /able1 o!rwise he w\ld1 on f9d+ he 0 n free1 comm5ce to /ruggle1 & might possibly injure himself by runn+ aga9/ ! /all po/s or slipp+ ^u ! /one floor4 ,once outside ! /able endeav\r to get ! colt to ! place select$ = longe+1 :i* %\ld be z ne> z possible4 ,d n pull at him1 b try to get him !re by cunn+ness1 t is to say1 by tak+ advantage ( 8 movem5ts & manuvr+ z mu* z possible to make him g !re ( 8 own accord4 ,avoid pull+ at him until y arrive at ! long+ gr\nd1 = he is sure to resi/ & fight1 & x is be/ t ?is %\ld n take place be=e y get to ! cle>$ space requir$ = 8 long+1 o!rwise ob/acles su* z trees1 gate-po/s1 c41 w int]f]e v mu* 9 y\r comm& ov] him & might also injure him4 ,if he %\ld /ruggle be=e y h got him into a cle> space1 use all y\r /r5g? to hold him1 b keep z quiet z possible1 or he w become s t]rifi$ at y\r /ruggles z to fight all ! m1 & x w become a pit*$ battle betwe5 ! colt at "o end ( ! cavasson & y\rself at ! o!r = ma/]y4 ,speak to him quietly1 b at ! same "t keep up a firm /eady pull at him1 :51 z he has already become accu/om$ to be+ ti$ up1 he w soon give 9 & leave (f /ruggl+4 ,y mu/ n[ slack5 ! cavasson a little1 & decrease ! di/ance betwe5 y by tak+ a few /eps quietly t[>ds him1 !n /& /ill & talk to him1 :5 he w soon recov] himself & walk (f aga91 ( c\rse 9 ! direction requir$1 = y w h plac$ him betwe5 y & ! longe+ gr\nd1 ?us he w walk away f y to x4 ,hav+ arriv$ at la/ at ! spot select$1 take ! initiative by plant+ y\r feet firmly & tak+ a pull at ! colt1 ?us giv+ him 8 fir/ real lesson 9 submission4 ,he ( c\rse w be a/oni%$ at y\r tem]ity & /ruggle1 b w soon give 91 :5 y mu/ try to induce him quietly to walk1 trot1 or cant] z he likes 9 a circle r\nd y1 ! l5g? ( ! cavasson be+ ! radius ( ! circle4 ,x is z well to h a :ip ) y1 b d n use x or ev5 crack x until e o!r means h be5 tri$ to induce ! colt to d z y wi%4 ,z a rule he w give no tr\ble1 b w run r\nd y at ! l5g? ( 8 halt]1 pull+ m or less /rongly ^u ! cavasson4 ,keep him at x = a "t1 & !n gradually %ort5 ! cavasson & /op him1 pat him1 speak k9dly to him1 & make mu* ( him1 giv+ him a h&ful ( corn or any?+ he may be accu/om$ to eat4 ,aft] hav+ re/$ him y may />t him aga9 b 9 ! opposite direction1 s z n to tire 8 legs or make him disgu/$ ) 8 "w4 ,he w soon leave (f pull+ aga9/ y1 & :5 he becomes a little tir$ he w get us$ to y\r ^w ( comm& & w be glad to /op :5 told to d s1 :5 y %\ld always approa* & make mu* ( him4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance f ! v beg9n+ to famili>ise ! colt ) c]ta9 words to indicate :at y require ( him4 ,z soon z he has le>nt to />t on 8 circul> trip & cont9ue x )\t mu* fuss1 y mu/ leave (f & take him back to 8 loose box1 & on no acc\nt keep him at 8 "w until he is really tir$1 or he w soon become disgu/$ ) x & w n ex]t himself on future occasions1 or he may turn sulky1 :i* is worse4 ,aft] plac+ him 9 8 box aga91 leave him to himself ) food & wat] )9 8 rea*4 ,9 ! aft]noon y may give him ano!r lesson ( f ?ree-qu>t]s to an h\r 9 l5g?1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,on ! foll[+ day y c tea* him to lead4 ,take ! colt on to ! longe+ gr\nd & make him circle r\nd y2 aft] a "t1 :5 ! animal has sob]$ d[n a little1 y c take 9 ! cavasson by degrees :ile y walk r\nd 9 small circles to ! colt's l>g] radius2 keep on decreas+ ! di/ance betwe5 y\rself & ! colt until y are )9 a few feet ( him1 & !n cont9ue walk+ r\nd ) him z be=e = a few turns1 :5 y c take 9 all ! rema9+ l5g? ( cavasson & walk on z be=e1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t at fir/ y /ood /ill1 be+ 9 fact a fix$ po9t repres5t+ ! c5tre ( ! circle1 !n y describ$ small circles to 8 l>g] ones1 :il/ n[ y are walk+ side by side ) him4 ,talk to him & pat him1 b be v g5tle = fe> he %\ld take fright & pull away f y4 ,aft] ! colt has become accu/om$ to ?is & has gone r\nd quietly a few times ) y1 y may by pu%+ aga9/ him1 gradually cause him imp]ceptibly to move 9 ano!r circle1 t is1 ) him ne>e/ ! c5tre1 :il/ be=e he _h be5 f>!/ f t po9t1 & s y *ange 8 legs & prev5t him f tir+4 ,keep *ang+ ! direction ( ! circle f "t to "t1 & :5 y ?9k he has le>nt h[ to lead 9 a circle1 or t he is gett+ tir$1 y c lead him back to 8 box by circles4 ,d n attempt z yet to induce him to be l$ 9 a /raight l9e1 = if y d he is almo/ sure to fight2 he _c be made to und]/& ev]y?+ at once4 ,s f> he has be5 taught to lead 9 a circle by /ratagem1 & by /ratagem he w also be taught to lead 9 a /raight l9e1 b ?is mu/ take place by degrees1 be+ po/pon$ to a future day4 ,leave him 9 8 loose box until ! aft]noon1 :5 y c longe him aga91 & !n by degrees %ort5 ! cavasson z be=e & lead him 9 circles z 9 ! morn+1 b d n keep him out m ?an an h\r1 aft] :i* take him back aga9 9 circles4 ,on ! next day y may tea* ! colt to lead /raight4 ,take him on to ! longe+ gr\nd & run him r\nd a few times until he has got rid ( 8 exub]ant spirits1 !n d z be=e & lead him r\nd 9 circles1 *ang+ ! direction ( ! circles f "t to "t1 by degrees enl>g+ !m2 !n1 in/ead ( lead+ him r\nd an entire circle1 make semicircles1 t is to say1 a half circle "o way & !n a half circle 9 ! opposite direction1 & s on1 s t ! c5tres ( ^! semicircles w be 9 a /raight l9e4 ,?us by degrees y c dim9i% ! %ort diamet]s ( ^! semicircles1 at ! same "t increas+ _! long diamet]s 9 l5g?1 s z to =m semi-ovals1 & by cont9u+ to l5g!n !m y w 9 "t h imp]ceptibly ga9$ a /raight l9e4 ,:5 y h to turn him d s 9 a sweep+ curve1 & gradually get him into ! /raight l9e aga94 ,keep him at ?is "s "t1 = ?is walk+ ex]cise w n tire him1 & he w get us$ to y & to 8 "w4 ,9 ! aft]noon y c repeat ! lesson1 & also on ! day or two foll[+1 until he leads well4 ,on ! second day ( lead+ him 9 a /raight l9e y %\ld c>ry a :ip1 to tea* him always to walk ) 8 %\ld] opposite y\rs2 8 head %\ld always be 9 front ( y1 & y\r body %\ld be level ) 8 =e-arm & %\ld]1 o!rwise if y all[ 8 head to be level ) y he w by degrees hang back1 & y w tea* him to drag on y1 & = ev] aft]w>ds :5 be+ l$ y w h to pull him along4 ,to prev5t ?is fault y mu/ lead him ) ! cavasson 9 y\r "r h&1 & ) y\r left h& conta9+ ! :ip1 :5ev] 8 %\ld] drops beh9d y\rs1 y mu/ /rike him g5tly beh9d y1 :5 he w come into 8 prop] position imm$iately4 ,by do+ ?is & wat*+ him c>efully1 y w 9 a few days tea* him to lead well1 keep 8 %\ld] always level ) y\rs1 & n hang back1 & ?us prev5t him 9 aft] days f be+ pull$ along1 & save him mu* ill-usage & beat+4 ,9 two or ?ree days he w lead well1 & !n y may put ! tackl+ on him1 :i* w consi/ ( a roll]1 a crupp]1 & a bit4 ,! roll] is no?+ m ?an a surc+le hav+ t "p :i* corresponds to ! saddle well padd$1 hav+ on ea* side ( x on a level ) ! sides ( ! )]s a buckle = ! re9s1 & beh9d1 9 ! c5tre l9e1 a ,d = ! crupp]1 :i* %\ld ne> ! tail h a buckle on ! ne> side ( x1 or x may be z well to h "o on ei!r side4 ,! buckle greatly facilitates plac+ ! crupp] "u ! tail1 z x c be put r\nd its root easily1 in/ead ( hav+ to be drawn ov] its :ole l5g? f ! tip to ! root1 hair & all4 ,z to ! be/ bit1 ev]yone has 8 p>ticul> fancy 9 ?is respect4 ,"s advocate a l>ge smoo? snaffle1 ) keys dep5d+ f its c5tral r+2 o!rs a l>ge smoo? /raight bit2 o!rs a /raight bit ) roll]s on its m\?piece2 o!rs a l>ge /raight bit ! m\?piece ( :i* is ( wood2 o!rs a circul> bit consi/+ ( a smoo? r+ ) a loop on its upp] surface at ei!r side = its atta*m5t to ! bridle1 :il/ o!rs aga9 believe 9 a bit hav+ a smoo? semicircul> m\?piece4 ,i w n[ m5tion ^! bits 9 _! rev]se ord]4 ,! semicircul> bit be+ only a modification ( ! circul>1 ,i may treat ! two z "o4 ,all[+1 z !y d1 no relief to ! gums & m\?1 ?r\gh _! cont9u$ pressure on !m1 !y are n qualifi$ to give a colt a good m\?1 b at ! same "t !y are mo/ admirable bits = ! use ( grooms lead+ horses out = ex]cise1 or ev5 = ! horses !y ride dur+ ex]cise1 z !y are lea/ calculat$ to spoil a m\? ( any bits ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 & z x is a notori\s fact t almo/ e groom 7& a good _m g5tlem5 too7 hangs on by ! bit in/ead ( by ! muscul> p[] ( 8 legs1 ( c\rse ! bit :i* is lea/ sev]e on a horse's m\?1 & calculat$ to d lea/ damage to x1 is ! be/4 ,!re=e ,i c confid5tly recomm5d bo? ^! bits = ex]cise "w1 wat]+ bridles1 & 9 fact = any /able "w4 ,! /raight bit hav+ a wood5 m\?piece ,i also object to1 = by be+ s(t5$ ) ! saliva 9 ! m\?1 x is easily torn & r\gh5$ dur+ ! process ( #8*amp+1' 7= e colt w play ) 8 bit z a rule17 & :5ev] x comes 9 contact ) 8 tee? a wood5 bit is m or less lac]at$1 ?us pres5t+ a r\gh5$ surface1 :i* is any?+ b conducive to ! =mation ( a good m\?4 ,! next on ! li/ is a /raight bit ) smoo? roll]s or r+s on its m\?-piece1 :i* are = ! purpose ( prev5t+ ! colt f slid+ 8 m\? f "o side ( ! bit to ! o!r4 ,?is may be all v well 9 !ory1 b "h prev5tion is n bett] ?an cure1 = ! colt w s injure 8 lips & gums z to make him ei!r h>d-m\!d or extremely s5sitive1 s mu* s 9 fact t ! lea/ pull on 8 m\? w make him ?r[ up 8 head in/antly1 & ?us n be+ able to see :]e he is go+ to is ! cause ( _m an accid5t4 ,?is is ! bit :i* br+s m>t+ales s mu* into use1 f its hav+ be5 us$ dur+ ! s-call$ m\?+ ( ! colt4 ,! next bit "u consid]ation is ! l>ge1 smoo?1 /raight "o1 ) keys hang+ f its c5tre4 ,s f> ,i h condemn$ all ! bits ,i h m5tion$1 b ?is "o w n all[ ( a m]e m5tion & !n a dismissal1 x hav+ its /rong po9ts1 & 9 my op9ion1 its weak ones also4 ,its advocates say x prev5ts ! colt f be+ m\!d irregul>ly1 or 9 o!r words t ! colt _c relieve ! pressure on its m\? by alt]nately lean+ on ei!r side ( ! bit4 ,?is1 ,i mu/ say1 is n reasonable1 = if ! animal only ar*es 8 neck a little m1 & turns 8 head to ! "r :5 he is ti$ ) ! re9s to ! roll]1 ! pressure ( ! bit w be on ! left side1 ?us reliev+ ! "r side1 & vice v]s4 ,aga91 ^! bits seldom fit ! colt's m\?1 & consequ5tly !y ei!r p9* & hurt ! m\?1 or are mu* too wide1 :i* is g5]ally ! case1 ?us tea*+ ! animal to slide 8 m\? on x f side to side1 = :i* trick ! /raight m\?-piece ) r+s has be5 inv5t$ = its eradication4 ,:5 ,i say t ! colt c1 by keep+ 8 tongue m or less elevat$ 9 8 m\?1 prev5t all pressure ( ?is bit on 8 gums & lips1 ,i ?9k ,i may pass x ov] z incompet5t = ! object 9 view1 namely a good m\?4 ,! next1 & la/ bit to be consid]$ is ! l>ge smoo? snaffle1 ) keys dep5d+ f its c5tral r+4 ,i consid] ?is to be ! be/ bit z yet inv5t$ = m\?+ a colt4 ,no movem5t ( ! tongue c raise x f ! gums or lips1 ! colt c play ) x ) ease1 & seems to enjoy x1 in/ead ( cont9ually fight+ ) x m or less1 z he does ) ! o!rs already m5tion$1 ) ! exception ( ! circul> or semicircul> bits4 ,"s p may say x causes an unequal m\?1 b ,i ma9ta9 t x does n1 = if1 z already describ$1 ! animal ar*es 8 neck & turns 8 head to ! "r1 und\bt$ly ! pressure ( ! bit w be on ! left side1 b ! weight ( ! "r half ( ! bit w /ill be on ! "r side ( ! m\?1 :i* _c be ! case ) a /raight m\?-piece4 ,aga91 x is n ( s mu* consequ5ce z to :e!r ?is sort ( bit fits ! colt's m\? or n1 provid$ x is plac$ 9 ! prop] place 9 ! m\?1 z ! weights ( ea* half dep5d+ f _! c5tres w keep ! pressure on bo? sides equal4 ,! great mi/ake made 9 m\?+ a colt is t ! animal is ti$ up too long ) ! bit 9 8 m\?1 = :5 muscul> contraction is exhau/$ he is =c$ ?r\gh %e] fatigue to lean ^u ! bit1 & ?us lay ! /epp+ /one to a h>d m\?4 ,m5 ?9k n[-a-days !y c m\? a colt by ma*9]y4 ,!y tie 8 head up & d[n 9 ! mo/ intricate mann]1 put a great bit 9 8 m\?1 & if ! bit is n consid]$ heavy en\gh1 a bag ( %ot is ti$ to ea* side ( x4 ,! animal is !n =c$ to /& 9 a /all ) 8 head tightly buckl$ up to ! roll]1 & !re he is made to /&1 fa/5$ to ! pill> re9s1 9 a fix$ position = h\rs at a "t4 ,no wond] t half ! horses 9 ,engl& h m\?s l ca/-iron4 ,colts _c be m\!d by ma*9]y1 b only by prop] h&l+ 9 ! saddle4 ,x is ( no use go+ ?r\gh all ! elaborate process n[ 9 vogue ( /able m\?+1 india-rubb] dumb jockeys1 re9s1 c4 ,x is ! man's h&s only :i* c d s1 b at ! same "t ,i mu/ confess x is a difficult ?+ to f9d a man ) good & light h&s4 ,p]haps ?is sy/em ( me*anical m\?+ may h _h some?+ to d ) h>d5+ m5's h&s z well z horses' m\?s4 ,i may n[ describe ! prop] position = ! bit 9 ! m\?4 ,x %\ld n be drawn up tightly into ! angle ( ! lips1 nei!r %\ld x be s slack z to be among ! incisor tee?1 b x %\ld be exactly opposite ! groove 9 ! *9 :]e ! curb-*a9 ought to be :5 us$4 ,i ?9k ,i ne$ n tell my read]s h[ to put ! roll] on ! colt2 ! only ?+s requir$ are to take "t1 be z g5tle z possible1 & take c>e n to buckle x on tight at fir/1 b leave x loose = ! fir/ two or ?ree days4 ,to put ! crupp] on1 all t is requir$ is to unbuckle x on ! ne> side1 elevate ! tail1 place x 9 its prop] position1 & !n buckle x up aga94 ,!re w be no tr\ble 9 plac+ ! roll] or crupp] on ! colt if he has be5 previ\sly treat$ z advocat$ by me1 = by ?is "t he w h become tol]ably quiet ?r\gh hav+ be5 g5tly h&l$ daily4 ,mo/ p fa/5 ! bit to ! head-/all1 :i* ,i object to2 = :5 y lead or longe ! colt ! cavasson is atta*$ to ! nose-b& ei!r be=e1 beh9d1 or on ei!r side ( x1 :i* necess>ily mu/ displace ! bit m or less2 !re=e ,i mu* pref] a bridle ) ! bit atta*$ to be plac$ "u ! head-/all1 :5 !re w be no fe> ( displac+ ! bit4 ,d n fa/5 re9s to ! bit = ! fir/ day or two1 b lead ! colt out )\t !m1 = he w h en\gh to d to get us$ to ! con/ra9t ( bit1 roll]1 & crupp]4 ,:5 y h plac$ ! tackl+ on ! "y animal1 y may let him /& 9 ! loose box = half-an-h\r to famili>ise himself ) ! objects on 8 body1 :5 he c be tak5 to ! long+ gr\nd1 & run r\nd = a "t 9 diff]5t directions1 aft] :i* lead him ab\t = an h\r or two4 ,9 ! aft]noon y c longe him a little1 & !n lead him out ( ! field & take him along a road or lane to accu/om him to see & pass /range objects4 ,! road select$ = 8 fir/ lesson %\ld be ! quiete/ t c be f\nd ne> ! long+ gr\nd4 ,:5 he is />tl$ at a heap ( /ones1 a log ( wood1 or any o!r object1 he mu/ be spok5 to quietly & patt$1 b above all all[ him pl5ty ( "t to exam9e m9utely ! object :i* has fright5$ him1 :51 aft] a "t1 he w approa* x1 smell x1 & t\* x ) 8 nose1 ?us allay+ all 8 fe>s2 he may !n be l$ backw>ds & =w>ds pa/ ! place a few times1 & proce$ on 8 j\rney4 ,= ! day foll[+ y w h to longe him1 & !n lead him along ! road bo? morn+ & aft]noon4 ,always comm5ce ! day's "w by longe+1 s z to take "s ( ! #8gas' out ( ! colt & sob] him d[n a little be=e he beg9s 8 daily lessons1 o!rwise he w be s full ( play z to pay no att5tion to y\r tea*+4 ,on ! ?ird day y may atta* re9s to ! bit & buckle !m to ! roll]1 b be sure y leave !m v slack2 y may also lead him ab\t 9 m frequ5t$ roads1 & if he has be5 tol]ably quiet s f>1 y c take him ?r\gh a village or t[n1 & ?us accu/om him to objects 9 a new sph]e ( life4 ,= a =tnight aft] ! fir/ tackl+ took place1 y\r "w w be to lead him ab\t roads1 t[ns1 & ev5 take him to railway /ations to get accu/om$ to ! tra9s4 ,take ! re9s up a hole e o!r day until 8 head is c>ri$ p]p5dicul>ly1 b !n /op1 d n take !m up ! eigh? ( an in* m4 ,at ! expiration ( ! =tnight y mu/ longe him ) ! cavasson atta*$ alt]nately to ei!r side ( ! bit1 s z to tea* ! animal side pressure1 = s f> he has only be5 und]go+ direct pressure4 ,x is z well to c\nt h[ _m circles he goes on "o side ( ! bit1 & !n give him a correspond+ numb] on ! o!r to prev5t 8 m\? becom+ "o-sid$ or1 9 o!r words1 hav+ "o side ( 8 m\? m or less s5sitive ?an ! o!r4 ,d n keep him at ?is long1 or 8 m\? w become v t5d] & sore1 b occupy ! rema9d] ( ! "t 9 lead+ ab\t ! roads c4 ,cont9ue do+ ?is = two or ?ree days1 & !n1 hav+ procur$ long re9s1 drive him ab\t on ! long+ gr\nd or 9 a field1 turn+ him f "t to "t f "o side to ! o!r1 /opp+ him e n[ & !n to get him accu/om$ to 8 "w1 & if y d n pull at him too mu*1 b all[ him pl5ty ( play ) 8 head1 he w 9 two or ?ree days h a v fair m\?4 ,aft] ! fir/ day ( us+ re9s y may drive him ab\t ! roads in/ead ( lead+ him4 ,( c\rse1 dur+ all ?is "t--9 fact1 f ! halt]+ ( ! colt--y w h be5 freely h&l+ him daily1 lift+ fir/ 8 =e-feet & /rik+ !m ) y\r h&1 at fir/ g5tly1 to get him us$ to ! hamm]1 & aft]w>ds1 :5 ?is has be5 accompli%$ ) facility1 ! same has be5 done to ! h9d ones2 & aft] ! colt has be5 taught to drive 9 re9s1 x is "t he 0 %od prep>atory to m\nt+ him4 ,9 m\?+ a colt he %\ld nev] be plac$ 9 a /all & fa/5$ to ! pill> re9s1 z is too (t5 ! practice n[-a-days1 = x only tea*es him to lean ^u ! bit & slide 8 m\? f "o side ( x to ! o!r1 ?us tea*+ him a habit to c\nt]act :i* ! r+$ m\?piece has be5 inv5t$4 ,a day %\ld be fix$ = %oe+ ! colt1 & an arrangem5t made ) ! blacksmi? to %oe him at a c]ta9 h\r2 = if ?is is neglect$1 ! animal may h to wait 8 turn :il/ ?ree or f\r o!r horses are und]go+ ! process4 ,be=e tak+ him to ! blacksmi?'s %op at ! h\r appo9t$1 ! colt mu/ be well long$ s z to get him sob]$ d[n a little2 & if he is a v n]v\s fidgety animal1 he %\ld be long$ until he is really tir$4 ,if on arriv+ at ! %op ! blacksmi? is n q ready = him1 d n tie him up1 b lead him up & d[n until he is want$2 & !n1 dur+ ! process ( %oe+1 /& by him & d all y c to soo! & allay 8 fe>s1 at ! same "t tak+ c>e t ! smi? p]=ms 8 "w z quietly z possible4 ,if he is v refractory1 get 8 =e-feet %od & leave ! h9d ones = ! foll[+ day4 ,aft] ! colt has be5 %od & has be5 driv5 ab\t ! roads 9 re9s = a few days to get him us$ to go+ 9 %oes1 he may be got ready = m\nt+1 b t w require a fre% *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,saddl+ ,,! ,,colt4 ,,! ,,common ,,m>t+ale--,,! ,,fr5* ,,m>t+ale--,,! ,,prop] ,,position ,,= ,,! ,,bit ,,9 ,,! ,,m\?--,,rid]s ,,) ,,& ,,)\t ,,h&s--,,ditto ,,) ,,& ,,)\t ,,seats--,,m\nt+--,,! ,,fir/ ,,ride--,,rem>ks ,,on ,,grooms ,,& ,,coa*m5--,,h[ ,,to ,,pass ,a ,,heap ,,( ,,/ones--,,:5 ,,to ,,use ,,:ip ,,& ,,spur--,,m\?+--,,horse-,,tam+--,,capta9 ,,cuttle',s ,,fig-,,tree4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,saddl+ ,,! ,,colt4 ,! colt mu/ n[ be saddl$4 ,all[ him fir/ to look at1 smell1 & feel ! saddle1 !n place x g5tly on 8 back1 draw ! gir?s up1 at fir/ v slackly1 put on ! crupp] ) ! buckle z be=e1 & a brea/plate4 ,i object to a m>t+ale1 my reason = :i* ,i %all m5tion fur!r on4 ,at fir/ d n put on any /irrup-/raps or /irrups1 z !y w only act z al>mants to ! colt4 ,aft] pett+ him = a "t 9 ! loose box1 tight5 ! gir?s mod]ately1 & lead him out = a "t1 & !n longe him to accu/om him to ! flapp+ ( ! saddle2 aft] :i* drive him ab\t ! roads ) ! saddle on4 ,repeat ?is 9 ! aft]noon4 ,on ! foll[+ day d z be=e1 b atta* /irrup-irons & /raps to ! saddle2 y may also fa/5 a /rap on ei!r side ( ! flank to ! crupp]1 s z to get ! animal us$ to hav+ objects t\*+ & dangl+ f him4 ,repeat ?is 9 ! aft]noon1 & also on ! foll[+ day1 :5 ! colt w be ready = m\nt+4 ,be=e m\nt+1 longe ! colt well ) ! saddle on1 !n take him back to 8 loose box1 & put on a ,fr5*1 or z "s p call x1 a ,dut* m>t+ale1 consi/+ simply ( a c\ple ( r+s jo9$ toge!r1 ?r\gh :i* ! re9s pass4 ,to make ?is cle>] = su* ( my read]s :o may n h se5 "o1 ,i w describe h[ ?is is done4 ,unfa/5 ! buckle 9 ! c5tre ( ! re9s1 & pass ea* re9 ?r\gh a diff]5t r+1 !n buckle ! re9s toge!r aga9 ov] ! )]s1 ! r+s or ,fr5* m>t+ale w !n be betwe5 ! colt's *9 & 8 brea/4 ,i mu* pref] ?is ,fr5* m>t+ale to ! "o 9 ord9>y use1 :i* has two /raps ) r+s at _! extremities buckl$ on to ! brea/plate1 ?r\gh :i* ! re9s pass1 = ) ! =m] y are able to /eady ! colt's head )\t con/ra9+ x1 :i* is ! wor/ ?+ y c d :5 fir/ rid+ a "y animal2 :ile ! latt] fixes ! head too mu* 9 "o position1 & also t5ds to make him c>ry x f> too l[1 :5 all attempts to m\? him are useless1 = ! bit w !n be 9 ! angle ( ! lips1 ! v place :]e x ought n to be4 ,!re is also a dang] %\ld ! colt fight mu*1 especially ) 8 =e-feet1 ( _! becom+ entangl$ 9 ! m>t+ale or re9s4 ,m5 put ! common m>t+ale on :5 rid+ a "y colt1 = ! simple reason t x gives !m a good pur*ase1 & ?us enables !m to hold on2 a man :o requires ?is aid to keep him 9 ! saddle %\ld nev] attempt to break-9 a colt1 t is1 if he wi%es him to h a good m\?1 or "o only a little remov$ f ca/-iron4 ,if a man c sit a colt )\t any pressure on ! re9s1 he w probably be able to m\? ! animal well1 provid$ he has c]ta9 o!r qualities1 su* z pati5ce1 knack1 c41 = a man :o c reta9 8 seat )\t ! aid ( ! re9s has1 z a g5]al rule1 light h&s2 :ile on ! contr>y1 ! man :o relies ^u ! re9s to secure him 8 seat 9 ! saddle1 has nei!r h&s nor seat1 & ! soon] he cont5ts himself ) rid+ ! horse nature gave him--to wit1 8 own legs--! bett]1 = he w only spoil e horse he crosses1 provid$ !y h n be5 already spoilt by "s o!r bad rid]4 ,to return to ! subject4 ,aft] hav+ put on ! r+ m>t+ale1 see t ev]y?+ is "r ab\t ! colt4 ,look to ! gir?s1 t !y may n be slack1 see t ! crupp] is nei!r too tight or too loose1 & t no hairs h ga!r$ "u x1 & satisfy y\rself t ev]y?+ is z x ought to be1 ev5 to ! buckles ( ! bridle4 ,!n ga!r+ up ! re9s 9 y\r left h&1 & /&+ ) y\r left side to 8 %\ld]1 place y\r left foot 9 ! /irrup1 & gradually be> weight ^u x1 :5 aft] a :ile y may raise y\rself 9 ! /irrup1 s t bo? y\r legs are (f ! gr\nd4 ,y mu/ wat* m9utely e movem5t ( ! animal1 & speak g5tly & soo?+ly to him4 ,aft] /&+ 9 ! /irrup = a few seconds1 l[] y\rself to ! gr\nd aga91 & !n repeat ! same a few times1 until ! colt seems quiet & us$ to x1 :5 y may ?r[ y\r "r leg g5tly ov] 8 back1 tak+ c>e n to t\* him ) x1 & plac+ all y\r weight on y\r "r h&1 grasp+ ! pommel ( ! saddle4 ,:5 y\r leg is ov] 8 back1 l[] x quietly into its prop] position1 b keep x f t\*+ ! animal's side until y h g5tly seat$ y\rself 9 ! saddle1 !n put y\r foot 9 ! /irrup & !re y are4 ,n[ d n spoil ev]y?+ by try+ to make ! colt progress1 b sit /ill1 talk to him1 pat him1 & d ev]y?+ y c to pacify ! animal1 & get him us$ to see+ y take su* lib]ties ) him z sitt+ on 8 back2 =1 m9d y1 he feels an insult z mu* z y d4 ,if a /rang] 7 to jump on y\r back1 y w\ld imm$iately res5t x by try+ to get him (f1 & by fight+ him2 b if a fri5d 7 to d ! same ?+ y w\ld laugh1 & if y did n exactly enjoy ! joke1 at any rate y w\ld n res5t x4 ,! same ) ! colt4 ,if y get on 8 back & urge him =w>d1 he ?9ks y are tak+ a lib]ty1 & z su* are an enemy1 & !re=e tries 8 be/ to get rid ( y2 b on ! o!r h&1 if y sit /ill & speak k9dly to him1 he w recognise y\r action z t ( a fri5d1 al?\gh he may n actually laugh4 ,aft] hav+ sat on him a few m9utes1 y may get (f1 b v quietly1 s z n to fright5 him4 ,release y\r "r foot f ! /irrup1 keep ! leg f ! animal's side1 & raise x to a level ) 8 back1 !n gradually l[] x on ! ne> side until y are /&+ 9 ! ne> /irrup4 ,pause "h a few seconds1 make mu* ( him1 & !n l[] y\rself to ! gr\nd1 take y\r left foot out ( ! /irrup1 & !n h&le & fondle ! colt4 ,repeat ?is a few times1 & !n lead him out to ! long+ gr\nd1 z t mo/ famili> to him1 & :]e he has le>nt 8 sev]al acts ( subord9ation1 :i* latt] is n ! lea/ b5eficial aid1 = he w recognise x z ! sc5e ( su* to y4 ,y mu/ n[ m\nt him 9 ! same quiet mann] z be=e1 b sit /ill1 talk to him1 & above all d n urge him =w>d1 = if y d he w g5]ally fight1 plunge1 re>1 buck or kick1 & !n unless y are a good rid] he w s5d y sprawl+ on "m e>?4 ,a fight at ?is juncture %\ld always be avoid$1 = if he ?r[s y he w "k he is ! conqu]or1 & w mo/ likely be a kick]1 a re>]1 c41 = "s "t to come1 if n = life2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 if y get ! bett] ( him x may s c[ him t x w be a long "t be=e he gets out ( ! sulks1 or he may be a #8slug' & mean-spirit$ horse = ! rema9d] ( 8 days4 ,!re=e avoid mak+ him worse1 = if y only give him "t he w mo/ likely walk (f ( 8 own accord1 & if on ! long+ gr\nd w probably walk or jig-jog r\nd ! circul> track ?r\gh %e] cu/om1 or he may take a pa? ( 8 own1 b :e!r he *ooses ! circul> pa? or "o ( 8 own1 d n *eck him1 b all[ him to g :]e he likes = a "t1 ( c\rse gradually %e]+ him (f ) ! re9s until he goes :]e y l4 ,d n pull at him1 let him h all ! re9s y c1 y\r only control be+ gradual guidance f side to side4 ,nev] m9d 8 tak+ l>ge corn]s1 y are n m\?+ him z yet1 b gett+ him us$ to c>ry y1 & by degrees cajol+ him into go+ :]e y require him4 ,y mu/ n =ce him1 or !re w be an op5 fight1 :i* is to be avoid$ = ! fir/ few days aft] fir/ m\nt+1 b little by little cause him to g 9 y\r direction1 b s imp]ceptibly z to make him believe x is ( 8 own free w he is go+ !re4 ,x has be5 my !ory f ! comm5cem5t ( ?is little treatise s to "w z to cajole & manuvre ! colt into foll[+ y\r wi%es1 t !y are s imp]ceptibly ga9$ t he does n notice !m z acts ( actual ob$i5ce1 = !y h come ^u him 9 s gradual a mann] t !re hav+ be5 no fight ov] ! matt] he imag9es ! actions to h be5 ( 8 own free w4 ,( c\rse !re mu/ be an op5 rupture soon] or lat] :i* w undeceive him1 b ?is %\ld be avoid$ ) all possible c>e until he has be5 m\nt$ a week if possible4 ,ride ! animal ab\t ! field = an h\r or an h\r & a half quietly1 n go+ out ( a walk or jig-jog1 & !n take him back to 8 loose box1 & repeat ! same 9 ! aft]noon1 y\r object at pres5t be+ to get him us$ to y\r weight on 8 back1 & to gradual guidance2 y are n try+ to m\? him1 or attempt+ to tea* him 8 paces4 #8,little by little1' & #8,p]sev]&o1' are my mottoes1 & ought to be ^? ( e man :o und]takes to break-9 a colt4 ,x is v mu* l br++ up a *ild2 y _c give a *ild an adult's ?\ghts at "o lesson1 or tea* him "r f wrong1 b mu/ cont9ue x ov] a long c\rse ( ye>s2 & if y correct a *ild h>%ly1 or beat him )\t %[+ :]e 8 fault lies & reason+ ) him1 he w ei!r %[ fight z be/ he c--= he does n und]/& :at he has done wrong or :y x is wrong--or else he turns sulky & broods ov] 8 wrongs1 :i* latt] ,i hold to be worse ?an ! =m]2 & ?is holds good 9 ! horse1 = a sulky colt is mu* h>d] to ov]come & requires mu* m pati5ce ?an "o :i* breaks out 9 op5 fight1 = :5 ! fight is ov] x is ov]1 b ) a sulky "o !re is no kn[+ h[ long x may la/4 ,z x is be/ to reason ) a *ild1 & prove to him t he is wrong1 in/ead ( :ipp+ him1 s is x be/ to tea* a horse by degrees :at is requir$ ( him1 = he _c be reason$ )1 b mu/ le>n /ep by /ep ! lessons giv5 him4 ,if y endeav\r to tea* him too mu* at once1 or 9 too rapid /rides1 he _c und]/&1 & !re=e :5 y puni% or reprim& him he turns sulky1 or %[s fight1 & v naturally too1 = he does n "k :y he has be5 puni%$ aft] do+ 8 be/ to please y4 ,ride ! colt = ! ?ree foll[+ days 7morn+ & aft]noon7 ab\t ! field s z to avoid a fight ) him caus$ by pass+ c>riages1 c>ts1 or any o!r objects :i* might al>m him1 & by s do+ he w gradually become accu/om$ to ! guidance ( ! re9s & und]/& ! pressure ( ! heels & o!r little signs1 imp>t+ to him ! pace & direction 9 :i* he is to move1 aft] :i* he c be ridd5 on ! road4 ,x is be/ to select a good wide road1 & to avoid all n>r[ ones & lanes = a "t1 until he is h&y at pass+ vehicles c41 = if y meet a c>t 9 a lane !re is v little room = him to pass x by1 & z he is almo/ sure to dance ab\t a little !re is always "s dang] ( 8 hurt+ himself aga9/ ! :eel or "s project+ "p ( ! c>t2 b on ! o!r h&1 if ! road be wide !re is no su* dang]1 & he w also be got pa/ any object :i* may fright5 him mu* easi]1 & ! *ances ( hav+ a fight ) him are ?us r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,always avoid a fight if possible by e means 9 y\r p[]1 = in/ance1 if a c>riage is com+ v fa/ t[>ds y1 ei!r f beh9d or 9 front1 & y ?9k x calculat$ to fright5 y\r pupil v mu*1 y c by rais+ y\r h& %[ ! coa*man t y wi% him to drive quietly until he has pass$ y1 & y w f9d t 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$ he is civil en\gh to comply ) y\r mute reque/1 b ! hundr$? des]ves---- ,well1 p]haps ! less said ab\t 8 des]ts ! bett]1 = ,i suppose x is impossible to f9d a flock ( human be+s )\t "o black %eep among/ !m1 above all among/ grooms & coa*m51 :o z a class are ! mo/ ignorant & bigot$ m5 on ! face ( ! e>?2 !re are1 h[ev]1 "s few tru/wor?y excell5t m5 among !m1 b !y are v few & f> betwe54 ,if on ne>+ a heap ( /ones or any o!r object1 su* z a woman's petticoat or o!r g>m5ts dry+ on a h$ge1 at :i* ! colt seems incl9$ to be fright5$1 d n flog him pa/ b speak k9dly to him & pat him1 d n hurry1 b let ! animal take 8 own "t1 & y w f9d by degrees t he w take a /ep or two t[>ds x1 & at la/ get close to & possibly t\* x ) 8 nose aft] hav+ smelt x2 !n y mu/ ride him backw>ds & =w>ds pa/ x a few times1 & :5 he has ceas$ to notice x cont9ue on y\r way4 ,y w ( c\rse h a fight "s "t or o!r1 = ! colt may wi% at "s cross roads to *oose "o = himself1 irrespective ( any *oice on y\r "p1 or he may wi% to foll[ "s horse on ! road be=e him1 & refuse to leave an animal fe$+ by ! roadside1 b 9 :i*ev] mode he disputes y\r au?ority y mu/ undeceive him1 & t ?or\ghly & at once4 ,if he requires :ip & spur1 let him h !m1 b rememb]1 nev] all[ him to get ! upp] h& ( y1 = if s1 y may j z well turn him out & leave (f break+1 until y h f\nd a man :o c ma/] him1 = he w h f\nd out 8 own /r5g? & w n =get x 9 a hurry4 ,if x takes y half a day or ev5 a :ole "o to make him d z y wi%1 x w be "t well sp5t4 ,aft] hav+ ridd5 him = a =tnight1 y may discont9ue ! m\?+ bit1 & 9 its /ead use an ord9>y pla9 snaffle1 tak+ c>e to select z l>ge a "o z possible1 = if x is too f9e x w hurt ! animal's m\?1 & ei!r r5d] x dull or extremely s5sitive4 ,if a colt is well brok5 at fir/ !re w be no necessity 9 aft] life to resort to su* means z ^? :i* ,r>ey introduc$1 or ! dodg+ process ( ,m4 ,c>ris z m5tion$ 9 ! #8,pall ,mall ,gazette1' ! p>agraph conc]n+ :i* ,i "h reproduce3-- #8,horse ,tam+4--,hi/ory repeats itself 9 horse-tam+1 x appe>s1 z well z 9 o!r matt]s4 ,mr4 ,r>ey & ,cruis] h met ) _! mat* 9 ,m4 ,c>ris & ,trocadro4 ,trocadro1 son ( ,mon>que & ,antonio1 has ( late exhibit$ symptoms ( ! mo/ fe>ful f]ocity2 & 8ab\t two mon?s ago10 accord+ to 8,le ,sport10 ,m4 ,aumont 8met ,m4 ,c>ris10 :o (f]$ to tame ! animal4 ,m4 ,aumont1 hav+ inquir$ :e!r ! means employ$ w\ld n be drugs or su* viol5ce z might injure ! horse or r5d] him /ill m furi\s1 & hav+ receiv$ an assurance t no?+ ( ! k9d w\ld be us$1 he cons5t$2 &1 at a "t agre$ ^u1 a visit 0 paid to ! /ud at ,victat-,pontfol1 & ! exp]im5ts began4 ,! fir/ ?+ 0 to ent] ! horse-box4 ,?is ,m4 ,c>ris did1 9 pres5ce ( ,m4 ,aumont & all ! 8/able10 :o 8s'att5dait le voir dvor40 ,an excit+ 8duel0 ensu$2 ! horse ru%+1 "t aft] "t1 ) op5 m\? & ) 8h5nissem5ts froces10 at ,m4 ,c>ris1 :o m]ely dodg$ him by rapid movem5ts aside1 z ! toreador dodges ! bull4 ,aft] t5 ( ^! attacks s met1 8! animal sudd5ly /opp$ to contemplate ! audaci\s individual :o brav$ him 9 ?is mann]1 & 0 at once seiz$ ) ! n]v\s trembl+ :i* comes ov] #8le lutteur aux prises avec un adv]saire contre lequel ses moy5s habituels ont *\4 ,trocadro tait dompt6'0 ,& ,m4 ,c>ris took advantage ( ! horse's /upor to put a saddle & bridle ^u him1 aft] :i* ,trocadro submitt$ l a lamb to h 8 =e-feet %od1 & ultimately 8 h9d-feet1 )\t m ado4 ,! dodg+ process ( ,m4 ,c>ris c]ta9ly beats = simplicity ev5 ! ?r[+-d[n process ( ,mr4 ,r>ey2 b x might be awkw>d if ! tam] 7 to meet ) a horse less susceptible ( 8/upeur0 ?an ,trocadro appe>s to be4 ,! "q sugge/$ by all ^! horse-tam+ feats1 h[ev]1 is :e!r !y c\ld n be r5d]$ altoge!r unnecess>y by c>e tak5 9 ! orig9al tra9+1 & :e!r1 z reg>ds ! tra9] & ! me?od he adopts t[>ds 8 f\r-legg$ pupils1 ! gi/ ( ! :ole matt] does n lie 9 :at has be5 said by a ,fr5* au?ority3--8,s'il e/ brutal1 le p\la9 devi5dra f>\*e1 viol5t1 et mfiant2 si1 au contraire1 il sait mettre l'animal en confiance1 la bonne ent5te s'tablira promptem5t40 ,x c]ta9ly seems t1 if a horse 9 8 ye>s ( discretion1 or r maturity1 & ( confirm$ vici\sness1 c be tam$ s readily by a resolute b g5tle ma/]1 !re ought to be little or no difficulty 9 tra9+ him up dur+ foalhood1 l ,capta9 ,cuttle's fig-tree1 9 ! way he %\ld g1 s t :5 he is old he w\ld n dep>t f x4' ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,tea*+ ,,! ,,colt ,,8 ,,paces4 ,,! ,,walk--,,ignorance ,,( ,,engli%m5 ,,z ,,to ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,walk--,,au/ralian ,,walk+ ,,horses--,,! ,,trot--,,! ,,jig-,,jog--,,! ,,fly+ ,,trot--,,ladies' ,,trott]s--,,! ,,cant]--,,ladies' ,,rock+ ,,horses--,,! ,,gallop--,,tra9]s4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,tea*+ ,,! ,,colt ,,8 ,,paces4 ,n[ t ! colt has be5 m\nt$ & m or less m\!d dur+ 8 =tnight's road "w1 he mu/ be taught 8 paces1 viz41 h[ to walk1 trot1 cant]1 & gallop prop]ly4 ,ambl+1 pac+1 & runn+ n be+ 9 vogue 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i %all make no m5tion ( !m4 ,! ,walk4--,x is ( great importance to tea* a horse to walk well2 !re is no?+ m disagreeable ?an rid+ a horse t walks z if he 0 crawl+ to 8 own fun]al1 or "o :i* w n walk1 b pref]s to %ake ! life out ( y ) a jig-jog4 ,p 9 ?is c\ntry d n place s mu* value on ! walk z !y w\ld if !y _h long j\rneys to g4 ,! ,au/ralians1 on ! contr>y1 :o live 9 ! saddle1 appreciate a good walk+ horse1 & w give a good deal m = a walk] ?an !y w = "o t is n4 ,an ,au/ralian may be travell+ a long di/ance1 or 9 se>* ( lo/ %eep1 cattle1 or horses2 9 ei!r case ! pace w\ld be sl[1 & probably ! di/ance cov]$ daily f =ty to =ty-five miles1 or p]haps m1 & to ride a horse day aft] day = ?is di/ance1 :i* w n walk1 b only jig-jog1 is simply m>tyrdom4 ,!re=e ^? m5 :o break-9 horses = _! own use take v great pa9s to tea* !m to walk well4 ,9 ,engl& ! av]age pace ( a horse :i* has any pret5sions to walk+ is ab\t f\r miles an h\r1 & ,i v mu* d\bt if ! be/ ev] get to five4 ,9 ,au/ralia1 :]e horses are educat$ to walk1 good walk]s c d _! six miles an h\r4 ,! ,am]icans educate _! horses to trot1 & beat u at t pace4 ,a good ,au/ralian walk+ horse w be able to keep up five miles an h\r = ! di/ance ( tw5ty miles2 & = a long di/ance1 say a j\rney ( two or ?ree hundr$ miles1 do+ f ?irty to fifty miles daily1 he w walk f\r & a half miles an h\r4 ,9 fact a bu%man kn[s to a mile h[ f> he has gone by consult+ 8 wat* only1 = he is able to tell ?r\gh exp]i5ce ! pace 8 horse is walk+ at1 j 9 ! same way t a jockey judges ! spe$ ( 8 race-horse4 ,at all ! l>ge/ horse-%[s 9 ! ,au/ralian ,colonies1 special prizes are giv5 = ! be/ walk+ horses4 ,to tea* a horse to walk well is a v easy matt]1 only requir+ pati5ce1 "t1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( knack4 ,! re9s mu/ n be drawn up tightly1 b on ! contr>y !y mu/ be slack1 & only s drawn up z j to feel ! colt's m\? & no m4 ,a horse _c ext5d himself & walk fa/ if he has n 8 head1 :i* holds good ) respect to any pace1 = a horse c nei!r gallop1 trot1 or walk at 8 be/1 if 8 head is conf9$4 ,:5 comm5c+ to tea* a horse to walk1 ! only ?+ to be done is to prev5t him f indulg+ 9 ! jig-jog2 & to prev5t ?is e "t he does s1 he mu/ be br\ght up to ! walk aga9 by means ( pressure on ! bit4 ,no endeav\r %\ld n[ be made at fa/ walk+2 ! only ?+ to be done is to make him walk 9 "s /yle or o!r1 & to prev5t him f break+4 ,a man :o is us$ to ?is "w w feel ! colt is go+ to break1 or wants to d s1 & s w be 9 read9ess to prev5t him1 or at lea/ prev5t him break+ badly4 ,x w take a mon? or m be=e ! colt is tol]ably free f break+1 b z soon z he has got to und]/& he is n to d s1 & 8 breaks gr[ less 9 numb]1 he may be taught to increase ! spe$ ( 8 walk by pressure ( ! heel or spur4 ,y %\ld n use a :ip1 = x g5]ally causes !m to break4 ,z soon z he has recov]$ 8 break1 slack ! re9s aga9 & urge him to 8 fa/e/ walk1 :i* 9 "t w be d\ble :at x 0 at fir/4 ,! colt %\ld n be sick5$ ( "o pace1 b aft] walk+ a mile he mu/ be trott$ or cant]$ = half a mile1 & !n drawn up to ! walk aga94 ,:5 a colt is be+ taught 8 paces1 he %\ld n be out long2 if he gets an h\r ( x twice daily1 & is made to d 8 be/ all ! "t1 x w be pl5ty = him4 ,:5 he is walk+ he mu/ be made to d 8 be/1 & :5 he gets a trot or cant] to re/ him f walk+1 he %\ld be made to d t also 9 8 be/ =m4 ,by s do+ he is taught to ex]t himself1 & to le>n t he mu/ n move 9 a slov5ly mann]1 & at ! same "t1 al?\gh ! *ief subject at pres5t is to tea* him to walk1 he is also be+ initiat$ into ! prop] me?od ( trott+ & cant]+4 ,al?\gh he w1 9 ?ree or f\r mon?s1 be a fair walk]1 x w be a ye>1 or p]haps two1 be=e he has atta9$ p]fection4 ,! ,am]icans d n c\nt mon?s1 b ye>s1 9 educat+ a horse to trot4 ,to get a horse at 8 be/ pace requires "t1 & "t & pati5ce alone c accompli% x4 ,! ,trot4--,!re are ?ree k9ds ( trot3 ! jog-trot or jig-jog1 ! true trot1 & ! fly+-trot4 ,! jog-trot is a mo/ uncom=table pace1 & is n fa/] ?an a walk2 ! fly+-trot is t indulg$ 9 by ! ,am]icans1 & by our own c\ntrym5 9 trott+-mat*es1 b z ! true trot is ! only "o us$ by ! bulk ( ! p 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i %all conf9e myself to describ+ ! me?od ( tea*+ ! colt ! prop] mode ( progress+ 9 t pace4 ,! jog-trot is a modification ( ! true trot1 :il/ ! fly+-trot is an exagg]ation ( x2 !re=e ! true trot is ! m$ium1 & ! be/ = all purposes ) ! exception ( race trott+4 ,to tea* a colt ! true trot1 ! re9s %\ld n be held slack z 9 walk+1 b %\ld be well ga!r$ up to make ! animal place 8 h9d legs well "u him1 & also cause him to lift 8 =e limbs high]1 ?us giv+ him knee action2 ! great beauty & com=t 9 ! trot be+ free action1 & z an extreme pace is n requir$1 com=t & looks are plac$ 9 ! scale aga9/ fly+ spe$4 ,! animal %\ld be urg$ =w>d by voice1 heel1 or spur1 at ! same "t be+ kept 9 *eck by ! bit2 he is ?us =c$ to exp5d 8 increas$ ex]tions 9 ! air1 or 9 o!r words1 he w trot ) high] action1 al?\gh 8 spe$ w be little or no fa/] ?an be=e4 ,he %\ld n be trott$ m ?an half a mile at a "t1 b :il/ trott+ mu/ d s 9 8 be/ =m1 & :5 walk$ betwe5 8 trots1 he mu/ d t also 9 8 be/ /yle4 ,:at ,i h already said "u ! head ( walk+1 ) ref]5ce to ! "t to be occupi$ daily 9 tea*+ a colt 8 paces1 applies equally to ! trot & o!r paces1 = a colt1 if tir$1 _c be taught 8 paces1 & w only be spoilt if p]sev]$ ) :5 fatigu$2 !re=e make him d 8 be/ all ! "t1 at :atev] diff]5t paces he is put1 b avoid tir+ him4 ,! (f =e-leg is ! be/ to tea* him to lead (f )2 b "s horses g easi]1 & ) m com=t to _! rid]s1 :5 lead+ ) ! ne> =e2 !re=e ,i d n ?9k a rule c be laid d[n z to :i* is inv>iably ! be/1 b aft] hav+ ridd5 ! colt a little "t y w soon f9d out :i* way he goes be/1 = ,i ?9k x a pity1 if he goes be/ ) 8 ne> =e fir/1 j = ! sake ( fa%ion1 to alt] x to ! (f =e2 = al?\gh x is easy to tea* him to lead ) ! (f leg1 x w nev] h ! same easy & free motion x _h :5 us+ ! ne>1 :i* 9 ?is p>ticul> case nature seem$ to h int5d$ = t purpose4 ,aga91 "s horses w trot equally well ) ei!r leg lead+4 ,if ! colt is be+ taught = a lady's rid+1 he mu/ lead ) 8 (f =e-leg4 ,! ,cant]4--,by "s writ]s ! cant] is describ$ z a ?or\ghly artificial pace1 b :y1 ,i am unable to und]/&4 ,! true cant] is no?+ m ?an a sl[ gallop1 z is ! gallop an ext5d$ & fa/ cant]1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two paces be+ a matt] ( spe$4 ,if ! /yle ( movem5t ( "s ladies' horses :i* g ) a sort ( hop & a %uffle1 :i* is g5]ally t]m$ a cant]1 is ! cant] allud$ to by ^! au?ors1 !n ,i ackn[l$ge x is an artificial pace1 & "o v tir+ to ! animal z well z v prejudicial to 8 s\ndness1 &1 to my m9d1 v ugly to boot4 ,if ladies mu/ ride rock+-horses1 !y w\ld be mu* bett] suppli$ ) wood5 ones1 :i* c\ld be kept at mu* less co/1 requir+ nei!r food1 %oe+1 nor groom+1 :il/ ! we> & te> ( ! habit w\ld be mu* r$uc$1 ow+ to ! lack ( mud ?r[n up4 ,luckily we seldom see "o ( ^! hopp+1 %uffl+ brutes1 :i* by "s are suppos$ to be ! p]fection ( a lady's horse4 ,! colt is taught to cant] by urg+ him =w>d1 ! mean:ile re/ra9+ him ) ! bit4 ,9 ! cant] z 9 ! trot1 true action is requir$1 & = ! same reason1 namely1 t spe$ n be+ requisite1 com=t & beauty ( pace take its place1 :i* c only be accompli%$ by hav+ ! h9d legs well drawn "u ! body1 & ! knees well elevat$ & flex$4 ,if ! colt is = a g5tleman to ride1 ,i d n ?9k x matt]s :i* =e-leg he leads )1 =1 z 9 ! trot1 "s animals lead bett] ) "o ?an ! o!r2 b if = a lady1 ! colt %\ld always be taught to lead ) 8 (f =e1 :i* is done by draw+ 8 head a little to ! ne> side1 at ! same "t /rik+ him ) ! :ip on ! same side4 ,! ,gallop is an ext5sion or exagg]ation ( ! cant]1 ! limbs n be+ elevat$ s mu* z 9 ! cant]1 b ext5d$ to a great] ext5t1 :il/ ! abdom5 is br\ght ne>] to ! gr\nd4 ,= ord9>y gallop+ ! colt requires no tea*+2 only give him 8 head1 & urge him =w>d fa/ en\gh1 & he w gallop4 ,= rac+ purposes ! colt mu/ be taught to make ! mo/ ( 8 gallop2 b z ?is is n a treatise on tra9+1 & z ! rac+ colt acquires 8 education "u ! sup]vision ( 8 tra9]1 ,i %all n ent] fur!r into ! subject4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,road ,,hack4 ,,8 ,,con=mation--,,! ,,ladies' ,,horse--,,rott5 ,,r[--,,! ,,cov]t ,,hack--,,! ,,hunt]--,,= ,,an ,,op5 ,,c\ntry--,,= ,a ,,cramp$ ,,c\ntry--,,made ,,hunt]s--,,pleasures ,,( ,a ,,pull+ ,,horse--,,break+ ,,9 ,a ,,colt ,,to ,,h\nds--#8,,c ,,he ,,leap8'--,,natural ,,jump]s--,,artificial ,,f5ces--,,lift+ ,,horses ,,at ,,_! ,,f5ces--,,an ,,incid5t--,,wat] ,,jumps--,,h[ ,,to ,,fall ,,well--,,high-,,c\rag$ ,,v]sus ,,sluggi% ,,horses--,,wa%+ ,,horses' ,,legs--,,mud ,,fev]--,,/opp+ ,,horses' ,,feet--,,microscopic ,,exp]im5ts--,,engli% ,,rac]s ,,9 ,,au/ralia ,,& ,,india--,,p>+ ,,horses' ,,feet--,,colts ,,%$d+ ,,_! ,,tee?--,,composition ,,( ,,bone--,,two-,,ye>-,,old ,,rac+--,,prize-,,fight]s--,,e>ly ,,maturity ,,& ,,e>ly ,,decay--,,fam\s ,,am]ican ,,trott]s3 ,,topgallant1 ,,lady ,,blan*e1 ,,dut*man1 ,,ajax1 ,,flora ,,temple1 ,,lady ,,?orn1 ,,goldsmi? ,,maid1 ,,dext]1 ,,am]ican ,,girl--,,rac+ ,,n[-,a-,,days ,a ,,money-,,mak+ ,,bus9ess4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,road ,,hack4 ,i w "h give a brief description ( ! sev]al classes ( saddle-horses requir$ 9 ?is c\ntry = civil purposes4 ,! ,road ,hack1 work$ z he is on h>d metal roads1 _c comb9e spe$ ) durability1 z ! rate ( f\rte5 to eighte5 miles an h\r w\ld soon we> out 8 feet & legs1 :5 he w\ld only be fit = a tradesman's c>t or cab "w1 !re=e a horse ( ?is sort %\ld be a good walk]1 & be able to trot f eight to twelve or f\rte5 miles an h\r1 do+ x ) good1 true1 & level action1 be+ nei!r too high nor too l[1 = ) l[ action :5 he has gone "s di/ance & beg9s to feel tir$ he w trip ov] /ones or inequalities 9 ! gr\nd1 & v possibly fall1 & if ! action is too high he w soon batt] 8 legs & feet to pieces4 ,) reg>d to make & %ape1 he %\ld be z ne> p]fection z possible1 = )\t p]fect symmetry no pace c be at ! height ( excell5ce1 b z p]fect con=mation is seldom met )1 its ne>e/ approa* mu/ be s\ght =4 ,! head %\ld be small & f9e1 broad betwe5 ! eyes & betwe5 ! bran*es ( ! l[] jaw at _! angles1 also ! di/ance f ! eye to ! angle ( ! l[] jaw %\ld be great2 ! no/rils %\ld be l>ge1 wide1 clean1 & well-def9$2 ! m\? small1 ) ! lips ?9 & firm2 ! e>s %\ld be small1 f9e1 & po9t$1 be+ c>ri$ firmly ) _! tips incl9+ slightly t[>ds ea* o!r2 ! eye %\ld be l>ge1 full1 & prom95t1 ) well-develop$ ar*4 ,! neck mu/ be long1 ?91 & fit well into ! space =m$ betwe5 ! bran*es ( ! l[] jaw1 long] on its upp] ?an its "u surface1 z well z convex on its sup]ior bord]4 ,! head %\ld be well #8set on' to ! neck1 :i*1 if ! jaws are wide & ! neck ( ! prop] con=mation w be ! case1 & add v mat]ially to ! good m\? ( ! horse4 ,! )]s mu/ nei!r be too f9e1 ?ick1 or l[1 :il/ a f9e )] well clo!d ) muscle1 & yet n load$1 is p]fection4 ,! mane %\ld be f9e1 silky1 & n too abundant4 ,! %\ld]-blade mu/ be long & oblique1 n /raight1 nei!r mu/ x be co>se1 b bl5d gradually into ! )]s & back2 a co>se ?ick %\ld] %\ld always be avoid$1 z also a v f9e "o1 leav+ ! )]s to /& up by !mselves l a pl\gh-%>e1 = an animal ) su* %\ld]s w soon tire1 ow+ to insuffici5t muscul> developm5t ( ! p>ts4 ,! long oblique %\ld] gives pl5ty ( space be=e ! rid]1 ! saddle sits well provid$ ! gir? is also deep & ! action is pleasant1 b if ! %\ld] be /raight or %ort1 or a comb9ation ( bo?1 ! saddle w be too =w>d1 & :5 ! horse /umbles1 z he is almo/ sure to d f defective action due to ?is malcon=mation1 he runs ! *ance ( fall+1 break+ 8 knees1 & p]haps ! neck ( 8 rid] z well4 ,! *e/ %\ld be deep & mod]ately broad1 bo? be+ ess5tial to ! full developm5t ( ! functions ( ! he>t & lungs4 ,! =e-arm mu/ be long 9 proportion to ! leg1 t is1 ! great] l5g? 9 proportion mu/ be above ! knee1 & ! less bel[ x ! bett]2 ! muscul> developm5t ( ! =e-arm %\ld be z great z possible4 ,! elb[ long & prom95t1 n #8ti$ 91' b cle> ( ! *e/4 ,! knee %\ld be l>ge1 wide1 & prom95t1 b %\ld appe> m or less flat :5 exam9$ f 9 front2 ! trapezium1 or bone beh9d ! knee1 %\ld also be long & prom95t4 ,avoid #8calf' knees1 & ^? :i* are b5t =w>d4 ,! cannon or %ank bone %\ld be z %ort & /rong z possible1 & p]fectly /raight1 be+ nei!r curv$ =w>ds1 backw>ds1 or lat]ally3 ! t5dons at ! po/]ior aspect ( ?is bone %\ld /& well out f x1 :i* w be ! case :5 ! trapezium is well develop$2 !re %\ld be a di/9ct l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! t5dons & ! bone1 b if ?is is fill$ up ! leg w be m or less r\nd in/ead ( be+ broad & flat4 ,su* legs are call$ #8gummy4' ,! fetlock jo9t %\ld be l>ge & flat lat]ally1 its po/]ior aspect be+ well-def9$ & prom95t4 ,! pa/]n bones %\ld nei!r be too long1 %ort1 oblique1 or /raight4 ,if ! pa/]n is long x is necess>ily oblique1 & !re=e weak2 if %ort x is upright1 & ! sev]e concussion s produc$ causes r+bones1 w9dgalls1 navicul> disease1 c41 besides caus+ ! horse to be r\gh & unpleasant to ride4 ,! pa/]n jo9t %\ld be well develop$ & /rong4 ,! feet1 z reg>ds ! size1 make & %ape1 c41 ( ! horse %\ld nei!r be too l>ge nor too small2 ! walls ( ! foot %\ld =m at ! toe an angle ( ab\t #de ) ! gr\nd2 ! sole %\ld be mod]ately concave1 ! frog l>ge & /rong1 & ! :ole ho( %\ld be t\gh1 s\nd1 & n brittle4 ,! back %\ld be /raight & n too long1 a holl[ back be+ objectionable on acc\nt ( its weakness1 :il/ a roa* back is v /rong1 al?\gh a horse hav+ a back ( t con=mation w be r\gh to ride4 ,! ribs %\ld be long & oval1 & !y %\ld cont9ue to be s up to ! v la/1 & ! space betwe5 ! la/ rib & ! #8hooks' %\ld be capable ( be+ cov]$ by ! bread? ( ! h&4 ,! h9d qu>t]s mu/ be long1 deep1 full1 & broad1 z well z /raight f ! back to ! tail1 ! di/ance f ! #8hooks' to ! hocks great1 ! /ifle prom95t1 & ! #8second ?ighs' l>ge & full4 ,! hock %\ld be l>ge & f9e1 )\t be+ co>se or hav+ any puff9ess ab\t x2 ! po9t ( ! hock prom95t1 & ! leg bel[ ! hock incl9e a little "u ! body2 x %\ld nei!r be p]p5dicul> nor deviate lat]ally f ! p]p5dicul>1 or 9 o!r words1 %\ld n be #8wide beh9d' or #8c[-hock$4' ,^? p>ts bel[ ! hocks may be comp>$ ) ! description ( ^? bel[ ! knee4 ,! tail %\ld be c>ri$ 9 a /raight l9e f ! sp9al *a9 & !n droop 9 a graceful curve4 ,! ,ladies' ,horse %\ld be ca/ 9 a long] m\ld1 or 8 body w be almo/ hidd5 by ! habit1 !re=e 8 neck mu/ be long1 & 8 back long] ?an t ( a man's hack1 :i* w also give m ela/icity to its paces4 ,he %\ld be p]fect 9 con=mation1 paces1 m\?1 & temp]1 :i* if "o may judge by :at "o sees ( ladies' m\nts 9 ! ,r[1 is v seldom f\nd1 by f> ! great] numb] be+ long-legg$ we$s or ?ick co>se c>riage-horses1 z r\gh z an elephant1 & (t5 v lame z well2 9 fact1 !y are horses t a man w\ld n ride himself if he possibly c\ld help x1 b yet he consid]s !m good en\gh = 8 si/]s1 daught]s1 or wife4 ,x is q a treat to see a really good lady's horse among/ ! miscellane\s h]d ( nags to be f\nd 9 ! ,r[ dur+ ! season4 ,! ,cov] ,hack is a cob ( f f\rte5 to fifte5 h&s high1 capable ( c>ry+ 8 rid] to ! meet at ! rate ( ab\t sixte5 miles an h\r1 & he mu/ also be able to jump a little s z to g by %ort cuts if requir$ to d s4 ,if = a heavy weight he mu/ be a /\t cob1 b = a weight "u fifte5 /one may be well br$1 or = a light weight actually ?or\ghbr$4 ,! ,hunt] may be q ?or\ghbr$1 ne>ly ?or\ghbr$1 or half-br$4 ,if = a light weight1 say "u twelve /one1 & 9 su* fly+ c\nties z ,leice/]%ire & ,nor?ampton%ire1 a ?or\ghbr$ %\ld be ridd51 provid$ ! purse be long en\gh to procure "o up to ! weight & ) ! necess>y qualities4 ,a ne>ly ?or\ghbr$ w suit a weight ( f twelve to sixte5 /one1 b beyond t a horse ) great /r5g?1 good action1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( bre$+--9 fact1 a well-br$ c>t-horse--w be requir$4 ,if ! c\ntry be an op5 "o ) l>ge enclosures1 & consequ5tly few f5ces1 ! ?or\ghbr$ w be ! be/ horse = hunt+ purposes1 spe$ be+ ! requisite1 b = a cramp$ c\ntry1 a half-br$ horse is ! be/1 be+ bett] qualifi$ to get ov] awkw>d f5ces ?an ! ?or\ghbr$1 :o has = g5]ations & g5]ations be5 br$ = flat rac+1 & consequ5tly has to "s ext5t lo/ ! knack or p[] ( jump+ ov] a high f5ce1 al?\gh he c easily defeat ! half-br$ ov] a wide jump4 ,moreov]1 ! hot1 fi]y1 & eag] temp] ( ! ?or\ghbr$ is n qualifi$ to negotiate high1 frequ5t1 & difficult f5ces ) calmness1 & !re=e accid5ts are m liable to happ52 :il/ ! half-br$ be+ ( m equable temp]am5t is n flurri$ to su* an ext5t1 & :5 9 any difficulty at a f5ce is m likely to recov] himself & c>ry 8 rid] safely to ! end ( ! run ?an ! ?or\ghbr$4 ,z a rule1 ! ?or\ghbr$ is n good ov] r\gh gr\nd1 = al?\gh he may n actually h be5 tra9$ or rac$1 8 p>5ts 9 all probability h1 & ( c\rse ! tra9+-gr\nd & race-c\rse be+ smoo? & level1 !y h _h no necessity or opportunity ( pick+ _! way & regulat+ _! /eps to ! gr\nd ov] :i* !y are go+2 !re=e e bre$] ( horses int5d$ = hunt+ %\ld run 8 "y /ock = a c]ta9 p]iod on ! r\ghe/ gr\nd he c f9d1 hav+ a few op5 dra9s1 bogs1 c41 to assi/ 9 ! education ( ! "y animals ov] unev51 brok51 & r\gh gr\nd4 ,a hunt] %\ld be z ne> p]fection z reg>ds make & %ape z possible1 he %\ld be eag]1 b at ! same "t 8 temp] mu/ be good1 8 m\? also %\ld be p]fect4 ,x is easy to buy a s-call$ #8made hunt]' provid$ ! purse be ( suffici5t ela/icity to meet ! dem&s ( ! v5dor4 ,z a rule1 & ) v few exceptions1 ?is #8made hunt]' is a good leap]1 has a h>d m\?1 & :5 9 view ( a f5ce cl5*es 8 bit 9 8 m\?1 & ru%es at x at ! spe$ ( tw5ty miles an h\r4 ,i %\ld l to "k :at pleasure c be d]iv$ by rid+ su* a brute z above describ$4 ,x takes all a man c d to mod]ate ! animal's pace1 x requires two h&s on ! re9s to turn him f side to side1 & ! rid] has ! pleasant prospect 9 ! ev5t ( a mi/ake at a f5ce1 ( 8 horse n be+ able to recov] himself1 ! almo/ inevitable #8spill' be+ ! result4 ,besides1 8 m\nt requir+ all 8 att5tion1 he is ?us unable to enjoy ! hunt+1 t is to say1 he is unable to wat* ! work+ ( ! h\nds1 & ?us 8 day's hunt+ 7s call$7 is no?+ m ?an a modifi$ /eeple*ase ) none ( its accompany+ pleasures4 ,to h a good hunt] ! be/ way is to break him 9 y\rself1 provid$ y are compet5t to d s1 hav+ a good seat1 good h&s1 pati5ce1 pluck1 & above all a lik+ = ! "w4 ,i w suppose y h a ?ree-ye>-old1 brok5 to road "w1 & t y wi% to break him to h\nds4 ,! be/ way to d s w be to ride him to ! meets z (t5 z possible1 & :5 he has got accu/om$ to ! excitem5t ( be+ among/ a cr[d ( horsem5 9 gay-col\r$ coats1 ! foot-p & ! h\nds1 y may all[ him a long] #8int]view' ) !m by foll[+ !m to ! cov]t4 ,h>ri]s are ! be/ = ?is purpose1 ow+ to #8puss' z a rule runn+ 9 a circle1 :]e y h ! opportunity ( %[+ y\r colt ev]y?+1 )\t #8tak+ x out ( him4' ,besides1 ! pace be+ s mod]ate y c always get "s "o to give y a lead ov] a small f5ce or two1 9 fact y are tea*+ y\r colt to become us$ to ! cru%1 excitem5t1 c41 & at ! same "t giv+ him a few easy lessons 9 leap+4 #8,c he leap8' is a common "q among/ #8horsey' m5 :5 allud+ to a colt4 ,my answ] to ?is is t any colt w jump if 9 good h&s1 & provid$ he has n already be5 made a fool ( by "s great] fool ?an himself4 ,:e!r x be a ?or\ghbr$1 half-br$1 or c>t colt1 he w naturally jump if he has n be5 previ\sly mess$ ab\t )4 ,i d n say !y w all leap an equal height or an equal wid?1 b t !y w d s to ! be/ ( _! abilities4 ,i h frequ5tly leap$ colts ov] f5ces 9 cool blood )9 a week or =tnight aft] hav+ fir/ m\nt$ !m1 & nev] met ) a refusal4 ,i d n mean to say t x is good practice to d s s e>ly1 b m]ely m5tion ! fact4 ,:5 y fir/ beg9 to foll[ h\nds ) y\r colt1 d n /ay ) !m m ?an an h\r1 & if !y are runn+ fa/ leave !m be=e t "t has expir$1 = y\r object at pres5t is n to gallop aft] h\nds1 b to accu/om y\r animal to ! bu/le & excitem5t connect$ ) hunt+4 ,) a ?ree-ye>-old no gallop+ %\ld be done1 b if ! h\nds aft] ! fir/ draw g away1 & y ?9k x probable ! fox w return to t cov]t1 or to "o ne> x1 y may #8pott]' ab\t a little 9 ! hopes ( fall+ 9 ) !m aga91 b y mu/ be sure to take y\r colt home be=e he is tir$1 = ! excitem5t w c>ry him ?r\gh = a "t1 b on rea*+ home he may be q done up1 refuse 8 food1 & be any?+ b ,a #a = two or ?ree days4 ,all a ?ree-ye>-old %\ld d1 is to g to ! meet & trot ab\t ) ! h\nds till !y f9d1 & if !re is a probable *ance ( !m circl+ ab\t = a "t1 z :5 9 a big wood1 he may /ill be kept mov+4 ,b :5 h\nds comm5ce to run1 ! colt %\ld be turn$ homew>ds & ridd5 quietly s z to get him settl$ d[n if possible be=e rea*+ 8 /ables2 he %\ld !n be r\ghly groom$ & left to himself ) a fe$ ( corn = a "t1 be=e 8 f9al poli% up4 ,a f\r-ye>-old may be all[$ to foll[ ! h\nds :5 runn+ = a %ort di/ance1 b at ! fir/ *eck %\ld be ridd5 home quietly1 & if ! run is v fa/ he %\ld be eas$ (f1 & :5 ! field is out ( sight turn$ homew>ds4 ,a five-ye>-old may d a little m1 b mu/ n be ridd5 9 a long or fa/ run1 nei!r mu/ he be out ) ! h\nds m ?an ?ree h\rs1 = he is /ill a baby1 hav+ only j %$ 8 milk tee?1 & donn$ 8 p]man5t ones4 ,e hunt+ man kn[s t a horse is n fit to g ?r\gh a run until he is six ye>s old4 ,by ! prec$+ rem>ks x w be se5 t unless a man c =ego ! excitem5t ( ! *ase he is n capable ( break+-9 a colt ) ! ultimate view ( mak+ him a hunt]4 ,to tea* ! colt to leap1 ! be/ way is to take him ov] small f5ces e n[ & !n ) h\nds2 b x w be z well to give him lessons 9 cold blood also1 & = t purpose a few artificial f5ces may be put up 9 a field1 c>e be+ tak5 to v>y !m4 ,?us1 y may h a pla9 h$ge1 a h$ge ) a dit* on "o side ( x1 & ano!r ) a dit* on bo? sides2 "s hurdles1 & a pla9 b l[ po/ & rail f5ce4 ,^! f5ces %\ld n be high1 ?ree feet six in*es to f\r feet be+ q high en\gh2 ! hurdles & po/ & rails %\ld be firmly fix$1 o!rwise ! colt w soon f9d out t !y are easily knock$ d[n1 & !n w n ev5 try to cle> !m4 ,a fall or two ov] timb] at ! comm5cem5t w soon tea* ! animal t ! f5ces _c be ?r[n d[n1 b t to elude a #8spill' !y mu/ be cle>$ prop]ly4 ,! colt %\ld be ridd5 v quietly at 8 f5ces1 8 head %\ld be tol]ably slack1 & e endeav\r on ! "p ( ! rid] %\ld be br\ght into play to get ! "y animal to f5ce z quietly z he w\ld cant] ov] a field2 by ^! means ru%+ at f5ces is ov]come1 or r n taught1 & 9 ! ev5t ( a slip or fall ! animal has a good *ance ( recov]+ himself1 hav+ ! free use ( 8 head & ! pace be+ mod]ate4 ,"o con/antly he>s ( su* & su* a rid] be+ v good1 ow+ to 8 be+ able to lift 8 horse at 8 f5ces4 ,c a man lift a horse :5 he is on 8 back8 ,c\ld a man--boot$ & spurr$ if y l--seat$ across a =m or *air ) 8 feet (f ! gr\nd1 lift x8 ,x is a p]fect impossibility = a man to lift 8 horse at a f5ce1 & ^? p :o are 9 ! habit ( us+ ?is expression evid5tly d n ?9k ( :at !y are say+4 ,:at !y really d mean is1 t ! rid] draws 8 horse on to 8 haun*es at 8 f5ce & !n1 ) :ip or spur1 s5ds him ov]4 ,?is is all v well--b1 = all t1 is bad horseman%ip--at an easy1 clean f5ce2 b if ! leap %\ld be an awkw>d "o1 ) ! tak+ (f or l&+ 7or p]haps bo?7 bad1 a horse s ridd5 w\ld be sure to fall %ort ( 8 leap1 &1 ?r\gh 8 head be+ too mu* conf9$1 :5 he does come to grief he is unable to help himself4 ,!re=e1 make x a rule to give y\r horse 8 head & all[ him to take 8 leaps z he ?9ks be/1 = dep5d ^u x 8 in/9ct w tea* him :at is requir$ f> bett] ?an y c4 ,i h se5 _m a fall 9 ! hunt+-field ?r\gh no fault :atev] ( ! horse1 b ow+ to ! m$dl+ ( 8 rid] :o imag9$ he 0 able to lift or assi/ him4 ,:5 a horse has ov]-jump$ himself or is 9 dang] ( los+ 8 balance1 if y pull at ! bit x disconc]ts him1 draws 8 att5tion away f 8 dang]1 & d[n he goes z a rule4 ,i w "h relate a case 9 po9t4 ,! h\nds 7 runn+ :5 a v high bank /opp$ ! field1 :o1 "o by "o1 7 gett+ ?r\gh a gap 9 ! f5ce1 :5 a horseman1 be+ impati5t ( wait+ 8 turn1 back$ 8 horse a few paces & rode him quietly at ! bank :i* 0 ov] six feet high4 ,! horse 7a f\r-ye>-old7 l&$ on ! top1 b ow+ to its height wav]$1 & seem$ incl9$ to fall ei!r backw>ds or =w>ds4 ,! rid]1 ) great tact1 sat motionless1 & all[$ ! colt ! free use ( 8 head1 :5 he soon recov]$ 8 balance1 & jump+ d[n on ! opposite side l&$ 9 safety & jo9$ ! hunt4 ,n[1 suppos+ an ord9>y rid] _h be5 9 ?is pr$icam5t on ! top ( ! bank1 he w\ld h h&l$ ! re9s & ?us ei!r pull$ ! animal back on ! top ( him or else h fall5 on ! opposite side2 9 ei!r case !re w\ld h be5 brok5 bones1 if n loss ( life4 ,!re is "o exception to all[+ a colt to take 8 leaps z he ?9ks be/1 & t is :5 go+ ov] wat] or ov] a f5ce ) a wide dit* on "o side or a dit* on bo? sides4 ,:5 a wide-jump has to be negotiat$1 ! colt mu/ be s5t full spe$ at x1 s z to cov] x 9 8 /ride1 be+ ! opposite to high jump+2 = ! high] ! f5ce ! sl[] %\ld ! horse be ridd5 at x4 ,i 0 rid+ a colt to h\nds once1 :5 a wat]c\rse came 9 our way2 x 0 n a wide "o1 be+ only ab\t twelve feet across1 b x 0 six or eight feet deep ) brick$ sides & hav+ v little wat] at ! bottom ( x1 altoge!r =m+ an ugly jump = a "y "o :o _h nev] be5 ov] wat] be=e4 ,i s5t him at x at a good pace1 b feel+ he wav]$ on ne>+ x ,i sw]v$ him r\nd & put him at x aga91 :5 he aga9 slack5$ spe$1 & kn[+ t he w\ld n refuse ,i all[$ him to d z he lik$4 ,he look$ d[n at ! bottom ( x = a second or s1 & !n ga!r+ himself toge!r leap$ ov] x /&+1 b fell on ! opposite bank ) 8 h9d fetlocks hang+ ov] ! bank2 ano!r ?ree or f\r in*es w\ld h cle>$ x1 b he fell s collect$ly t he did n unseat me al?\gh ,i _h to dism\nt to all[ him to rega9 8 feet4 ,i always consid]$ ?is a good lesson1 = ! colt aft]w>ds1 :5ev] ne>+ a wat]-jump1 increas$ 8 spe$ ( 8 own accord1 hav+ evid5tly le>nt t wat] c\ld n be cross$ /&+4 ,dep5d ^u x1 ! less y try to tea* a colt to g across c\ntry ! bett]1 = he c d x mu* bett] ?an y c tea* him1 provid$ y only leave him alone4 ,9 tea*+ a colt ov] artificial f5ces1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to sick5 him ( 8 "w1 b e endeav\r %\ld be made to get him to be fond & eag] to jump2 !re=e1 if he is ridd5 once backw>ds & =w>ds ov] ! f5ces ?ree times a week x w be q suffici5t4 ,9 ! meantime y may give him a leap or two out ( "o field into ano!r1 or take him out ) ! h\nds = a %ort di/ance4 ,a p]fect leap] is "o :o takes 8 f5ces z a matt] ( c\rse1 j z he w\ld cant] f furr[ to furr[ ov] a field2 no?+ c be worse ?an a horse :o1 on see+ a f5ce be=e him1 ru%es at x nol5s vol5s2 z1 ow+ to ! impetus ?us ga9$1 if he makes a mi/ake x is v difficult = him to recov] himself4 ,!re=e1 take e precaution to tea* y\r colt to leap quietly & )\t any fuss4 ,:5 a horse is requir$ to hunt 9 a bank c\ntry1 x is a v common practice to atta* a cavasson to 8 bridle & lead him ov] a few ( ^! f5ces1 b ,i d n consid] ?is good practice1 or inde$ = any k9d ( leap+4 ,= if he is tak5 ov] small banks at fir/ he w le>n ! use ( 8 legs1 :i* 9 reality is ! object requir$1 & if he %\ld by *ance fall1 ! pace be+ s sl[ & ! height s insignificant1 ! rid]1 if he be compet5t to break-9 a colt at all1 w n hurt himself3 = a good rid] ought to "k h[ to fall well z well z h[ to ride well4 ,:5 y fall try to reta9 ! re9s 9 y\r h&1 b if y see t by s do+ y run ! dang] ( ! animal roll+ ov] or /rik+ y1 y mu/ let !m loose1 & if y are quickly on y\r legs aga9 y may rega9 !m be=e ! horse has recov]$ himself2 b if n1 x is f> bett] to h a run to cat* y\r /e$ ?an und]go ! *ance ( be+ cru%$ or maim$ by him4 ,high-c\rag$ g5]\s horses are apt to g fa/] & d m "w ?an !y %\ld2 !re=e !y %\ld be kept 9 *eck1 or _! eag]ness to d _! "w w n keep pace ) _! /r5g? & endurance4 ,on ! contr>y1 sluggi% animals require a great deal ( "w to make !m fit to gallop1 & !y also mu/ be r\s$ up f "t to "t4 ,al?\gh ,i feel x is n )9 ! prov9ce ( ?is little volume1 ,i wi% to draw ! att5tion ( my read]s to ! malpractice ( wa%+ horses' legs & feet1 & also ( #8/opp+' ! feet4 ,:5 wa%+ horses' legs y are almo/ sure n to dry !m ?or\ghly1 !reby induc+ crack$ heels & ! s-call$ #8mud fev]2' b if on ! return ( ! animal to 8 /able ! wor/ ( ! mud is bru%$ (f ) a /iff bru%1 & :5 dry well bru%$ aga91 ! increas$ circulation s produc$ w excite a heal?y action ( ! sk9 & prev5t all disease4 ,horses' feet c v well be cleans$ by means ( a pick & a clo? )\t resort+ to wat]1 :i* be+ absorb$ by capill>y attraction into ! horn-fibres1 causes !m to dilate2 & ?us ! horn-sub/ance1 in/ead ( be+ h>d & compact1 is r5d]$ s(t & spongy4 ,aga91 horses' feet %\ld n be #8/opp$1' nor %\ld !y be suff]$ to /& 9 _! excretions1 = ! ammonia giv5 (f f ! dung & ur9e dilates to a great ext5t ! horn-fibres1 ?us caus+ ! horn to be s s(t t #8?ru%' is ! consequ5t disease4 ,i h lately made microscopic exp]im5ts on ! heal?y horn1 ! horn soak$ ) wat]1 & t ) ammonia & wat]1 & f\nd ! fibres 9 ! horny sole soak$ 9 wat] to be twice ! size ( ! natural or heal?y horn1 :il/ t 9 contact ) ammonia %[$ ! fibres to be ?ree times ! size ( ^? 9 heal?y horn4 ,engli% rac]s 9 ,au/ralia are all[$ sev5 p\nds because _! feet are unable to )/& ! h>d gr\nd2 &1 = ! same reason1 ,engli% horses are useless = rac+ purposes 9 ,india4 ,%oes are nail$ to horses' feet = ! v reason t nature did n make !m h>d en\gh to /& "w on metal roads1 !re=e :y d p put /opp+ into _! horses' feet to make !m s(t]1 ?us c\nt]act+ to a c]ta9 ext5t ! b5efit d]iv$ f ! %oes8 ,surely if p desire s(t feet !re is ra9 en\gh 9 ?is c\ntry1 puddles en\gh on ! roads1 & surface wat] ad libitum on ! fields1 to effect _! purpose )\t resort+ to su* a fil?y1 bea/ly ?+ z c[dung4 ,horses' feet get s soak$ ) wat] dur+ _! "w or ex]cise1 t ! aim ( e horse own] %\ld be to keep !m z dry z possible :5 9 ! /able1 in/ead ( do+ _! be/ to make !m rott5 & diseas$4 ,horses 9 dry climates1 su* z ,india & ,au/ralia1 h v h>d feet because !y are nev] wet1 & = ?is reason are seldom %od except :5 us$ = "w on metal roads2 b :5 9 ! ra9y season !y get s(t !y are oblig$ to be %od1 because _! feet are n h>d en\gh4 ,p>+ horses' feet is also a v bad practice4 ,nature meant ! sole to be /rong1 b :5 p>$ x becomes weak1 unable to )/& h>d sub/ances1 & ?us gets bruis$ & subject to corns c4 ,! knife %\ld1 9 all cases1 be kept (f ! feet1 ! rasp be+ ! be/ in/rum5t ) :i* to %ort5 ! walls1 & x is also p]fectly able to remove all exfoliat$ horn f ! sole4 ,is !re any s5se 9 p>+ an animal's feet1 & !n hav+ to put on lea!r soles to protect !m8 ,hunt]s %\ld n be put to full "w until six ye>s ( age1 = _! bones & t5dons are unable to /& ! cont9u$ /ra94 ,until colts h atta9$ _! fif? ye>1 !y are %$d+ _! milk tee? & cutt+ o!rs2 consequ5tly _! m\?s are brok51 sore1 & ! sy/em m or less fev]$4 ,ow+ to ! sor5ess & t5d]ness ( ! animal's m\?1 he is unable to fe$ well1 & ?us _c be got into prop] condition2 besides ! colt _c /& ! we> & te> on acc\nt ( 8 bones n be+ =m$1 !y hav+ m c>tilag9\s ?an osse\s mat]ial 9 _! =mation4 ,! adult horse1 t is1 "o t has a full m\?1 has ( osse\s to ( c>tilag9\s mat]ial ent]+ into ! composition ( 8 bones1 :il/ ! two-ye>-old has ab\t half ( ea*2 !re=e ! c>tilage pr$om9at+ ov] ! requir$ quantity ( osse\s mat]ial causes ! bones to be s(t & unable to )/& ! %ocks ( e>ly "w4 ,"s own]s ( race-horses run _! two-ye>-olds to f9d out _! weak po9ts4 ,9 cases :]e weak po9ts are obs]vable at t age1 if rac$1 !y are sure to develop1 & ?us cripple ! colt p]haps = life1 :il/ if he _h be5 all[$ to lay by until ( a matur] age1 9 all probability ?is weakness w\ld h disappe>$4 ,aga91 if a s\nd colt be tra9$ & rac$ :5 two ye>s ( age1 x is t5 to "o t 8 t5dons & bones are n able to /& ! "w1 b t 9 all probability he w get sore %9s1 spl9ts1 or p]haps "s worse disease ( ! legs or feet4 ,a horse is n able to und]go regul> hunt+ until he is six ye>s old1 & ev5 !n he %\ld n be work$ h>d4 ,i ?9k all our own c\ntrym5 "k ?is1 al?\gh !y d n always br+ x into practice4 ,! ,am]icans "k x & pr(it by x4 ,a gr[+ colt does n make int]nal fat z does ! adult1 !re=e ! sy/em n hav+ atta9$ firmness1 _c be> ! scrap+ & sweat+ necess>y to get him into condition = ! hunt+-field or = ! racec\rse4 ,if ! fat is tak5 (f a colt1 8 muscul> developm5t is int]f]$ )4 ,9 ! same way prize-fight]s _c /ay if tra9$ too "y1 in/ances ( :i* are f\nd 9 ,a>on ,jones & ,m#8,cormick1 :o1 al?\gh !y felt well & fit1 7 unable to la/4 ,colts are =c$ to e>ly maturity & work$ h>d :5 !y ought to be 9 ! nurs]y1 ! result be+ t !y are unable to la/ any "t1 b become useless 7except = /ud purposes7 be=e !y h atta9$ horsehood4 ,e>ly maturity means e>ly decay4 ,! ,am]icans break 9 _! trott]s1 z a rule1 at ?ree ye>s ( age4 ,!y !n give !m ord9>y road "w1 9 ! mean "t gradually tea*+ !m to trot 9 =m by giv+ !m occasionally a spurt = a qu>t] ( a mile or s4 ,b !y d n usually race !m until !y are f five to sev5 ye>s old2 9 fact1 !y d n consid] a horse to be at 8 be/ until he is f sev5 to n9e ye>s ( age4 ,i w n[ give a few in/ances ( fam\s ,am]ican trott]s1 :o la/$ well ?r\gh n hav+ be5 work$ too "y4 ,topgallant 0 foal$ 9 #ahjh2 :5 9 8 sixte5? ye>1 9 #ahbc1 he trott$ twelve miles1 9 h>ness1 9 #ch m4 ,9 #ahbi1 :5 9 8 tw5ty-second ye>1 he trott$ f\r heats ( f\r miles1 aga9/ ,:alebone1 & won1 8 fa/e/ "t be+ #aa m4 #d s4 ,9 #ahca1 :5 9 8 tw5ty-f\r? ye>1 he trott$ a race ( ?ree-mile heats1 :i* 0 won 9 f\r heats1 ,topgallant w9n+ ! second & runn+ second 9 ! decid+ heat4 ,a week aft]w>ds he won a race = ?ree-mile heats4 ,lady ,blan*e 0 foal$ 9 #ahbi4 ,%e fir/ trott$ a mat* 9 #ahce1 & :5 tw5ty-f\r ye>s old %e won a race ( f\r heats4 ,9 #ahee %e di$1 dur+ h] tra9+4 ,dut*man 0 foal$ 9 #ahbh1 & :5 five ye>s ( age 0 draw+ bricks 9 a team4 ,9 #ahcf1 :5 eight ye>s old1 he trott$1 to saddle1 f\r miles 9 #aj m4 #ea s4 ,on ,augu/ #a1 #ahci1 :5 elev5 ye>s ( age1 he trott$1 to saddle1 ?ree miles 9 #g m4 #cb s4 ,9 #ahch1 :5 t5 ye>s old1 he trott$ ,rattl] = ?ree-mile heats1 w9n+ two out ( ?ree & ! race4 ,9 #ahdf1 :5 eighte5 ye>s old1 ,dut*man won ano!r race1 b di$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,ajax1 foal$ 9 #ahcb1 :5 sixte5 ye>s ( age 0 mat*$ to trot a m>e = twelve miles1 & won4 ,flora ,temple 0 foal$ 9 #ahde1 0 brok5-9 :5 five ye>s old1 & rac$ ! same ye>4 ,9 #ahei %e trott$ two-mile heats aga9/ ,pr9cess1 & won 9 two heats1 ! fa/e/ be+ 9 #d m4 #ej s41 :5 f\rte5 ye>s ( age4 ,9 #ahfj1 :5 fifte5 ye>s old1 %e trott$ ?ree miles 9 #g m4 #cc s4 ,%e ran 9 #ahfa1 s9ce :i* date ,i h _h no opportunity ( f9d+ any record ( h] runn+4 ,lady ,?orn 0 foal$ 9 #ahef2 %e fir/ trott$ 9 #ahfd1 :5 eight ye>s old1 & rema9$ ^u ! turf until ! latt] end ( #ahgj1 :5 %e got injur$ ?r\gh an accid5t4 ,h] be/ "o-mile "t 0 accompli%$ 9 #ahfi1 = f\r heats1 aga9/ ,goldsmi? ,maid1 ,am]ican ,girl1 c4 ,%e won ?ree out ( ! f\r heats1 h] fa/e/ "t be+ #b m4 #ah s4 ,goldsmi? ,maid 0 foal$ 9 #aheg1 & ran wild until %e 0 eight ye>s old4 ,9 #ahfe %e ran h] fir/ race4 ,on ,septemb] #b1 #ahgd1 :5 sev5te5 ye>s ( age1 %e trott$ ! fa/e/ mile on record1 namely1 9 #b m4 #ad s4 ,:e!r h] "t has s9ce be5 beat5 or n ,i am unable to /ate4 ,%e is /ill on ! trott+ turf4 ,dext] 0 foal$ 9 #aheh1 0 n brok5-9 until he 0 f\r ye>s old1 & until !n _h nev] eat5 gra9 ( any k9d4 ,he did n trot a race until he 0 six ye>s old1 & 0 k+ ( ! trott+ track until #ahfh1 s9ce :i* date ,i h no record ( him4 ,9 #ahfg1 :5 n9e ye>s old1 he trott$ "o mile 9 #b m4 #ag s41 & 9 ! same ye> he won two heats aga9/ ,lady ,?orn1 = two-mile heats1 ! fa/e/ ( :i* 0 done 9 #d m4 #ea s4 ,am]ican ,girl 0 foal$ 9 #ahfb4 ,%e appe>$ on ! track 9 #ahfg2 & ,i f9d %e 0 /ill runn+ 9 #ahgd1 :5 twelve ye>s old1 & 9 t ye> did a mile 9 #b m4 #af s41 & 9 all probability %e is /ill trott+4 ,dext] nev] trott$ until he 0 six ye>s old2 ,dut*man nev] trott$ until he 0 six1 & und]w5t no tra9+ until he 0 sev5 ye>s ( age2 ,goldsmi? ,maid & ,lady ,?orn 7 eight ye>s old be=e !y 7 introduc$ to ! trott+ track4 ,n[ hav+ enum]at$ ^! facts 7tak5 f ! celebrities ( ! ,am]ican trott+ turf71 :i* apply equally to hunt+ z to rac+1 may ,i ask1 is x common s5se to gallop a colt :5 a ye>l+1 to tra9 & race him z a two-ye>-old1 & get him screw$ & useless except = bre$+ purposes :5 he is ?ree or f\r ye>s old1 ?us do+ away ) a long c\rse ( excell5ce & utility8 ,h[ _m colts ev] see a race-c\rse aft] !y are ?ree or f\r ye>s old1 :il/ ^? t are able to gallop at five or six ye>s ( age are look$ ^u z wond]s8 ,look at su* horses z ,fly+ ,*ild]s1 ,eclipse1 ,mat*em1 ,goldf9d]1 ,gimcrack1 ,pot-#h-os1 ,bay ,malton1 ,gl5coe1 ,bay ,middleton1 ,/4 ,albans1 ,blair ,a?ol1 ,favonius1 c4 c41 :o nev] ran z two-ye>-olds4 ,aga91 look at ,macgregor1 :o won ! #b1jjj gu9eas 9 #ahgj2 & ,donca/]1 :o won ! ,d]by & came 9 second = ! ,/4 ,leg] 9 #ahgc1 won ! ,goodwood ,cup 9 #ahgd1 & ! ,ascot ,cup & ,alex&ra ,plate 9 #ahge1 & 0 sold = #ad1jjjl41 ! highe/ price ev] paid = a /ud horse2 bo? ^! horses nev] ran z two-ye>-olds4 ,on ! o!r h&1 look at ,! ,rake1 ,lady ,elizabe?1 ,que5's ,mess5g]1 ,pall ,mall1 ,almon]1 ,sir ,william ,wallace1 & a ho/ ( o!r horses1 :o 7 n able to /& ! %ocks ( tra9+4 ,k+craft1 al?\gh he won ! ,d]by 9 #ahgj1 came out badly aft]w>ds1 :i* is g5]ally attribut$ to 8 hav+ run s mu* z a two-ye>-old1 pla9ly %[+ t h[ev] great 8 spe$ 01 he 0 unable to )/& e>ly tra9+1 & ?us a good horse 0 spoilt4 ,we fir/ beg9 to tra9 !m z ye>l+s1 & run !m s mu* z two-ye>-olds t _m become ro>]s1 l ,pr9ce ,*>lie1 ,belladrum1 & ,lidd+ton2 or rupture _! susp5sory ligam5ts1 l ,/ud5t1 ,crucifix1 & ,dundee2 rupture blood-vessels1 l ,! ,rake1 ,h]mit1 & ,atlantic2 :il/ o!rs fall d[n dead :il/ at ex]cise1 l ,or9oco & ,aquilo4 ,rac+ n[-a-days is a money-mak+ bus9ess1 c>ri$ on "u ! cloak ( improv+ ! bre$ ( our horses1 :i* 9 reality is q a second>y consid]ation1 money-mak+ be+ ! *ief object4 ,i d n say ?is out ( spite1 = ,i am v mu* atta*$ to rac+3 9 fact x is1 9 my op9ion1 ! sport p> excell5ce ( all o!rs4 ,b ,i mu/ own ,i %\ld l to see m att5tion paid to ! improvem5t ( /ock ?an to ! accumulation ( ! almighty doll>4 ,s long z we run two-ye>-olds1 s long w ! /am9a ( our horses dim9i%1 & our two-ye>-olds run a few times &1 z a rule1 disappe> = ev]4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,break+ ,,to ,,h>ness4 ,,d\ble ,,v]sus ,,s+le ,,h>ness--,,f\r ,,:eels ,,v]sus ,,two--,,break+ ,,to ,,d\ble ,,h>ness--,,break+ ,,to ,,s+le ,,h>ness--,,break+ ,,! ,,c>t ,,colt ,,to ,,h>ness--,,bl9k]s--,,ladies' ,,eyes4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,break+ ,,to ,,h>ness4 ,break+ to h>ness may be divid$ into two sections1 "o = ! well-br$ horse & ! o!r = ! c>t-horse4 ,! well-br$ horse fir/ requires to be well brok5 to ! saddle & well m\!d1 = mo/ c>riage-horses are us$ = saddle purposes z well z = driv+1 _m g5tlem5 & ladies also rid+ _! c>riage-horses1 :il/ "s hunt !m z well2 anyh[1 ! groom rides !m at ex]cise1 s !y mu/ be able to c>ry z well z draw4 ,! c>t-horse1 be+ ( a dull] temp]am5t1 does n require s mu* previ\s break+-9 be=e be+ put 9 h>ness1 & a great _m :i* h nev] be5 fir/ brok5 to ! saddle w take no notice :atev] if a man jumps on _! backs & rides !m2 b x is always be/ to break !m 9 a little to rid+ at fir/1 z a good m\? is 9 t way be/ obta9$4 ,:5 break+-9 a well-br$ horse to h>ness1 t is to say1 "o ^: pace w be ! trot & n ! sl[ drudg]y ( ! f>m or c>t-horse1 he mu/ previ\sly h be5 well m\!d & brok5 to ! saddle1 be=e a set ( h>ness is plac$ on him4 ,all[ him to smell & look at e article ( h>ness well be=e y endeav\r to put x on him4 ,be v quiet1 & take pl5ty ( "t4 ,aft] hav+ let him inspect ! coll>1 place x g5tly ov] 8 head4 ,"s m5 pref] a coll> op5 at ! )]s1 :i* c be slipp$ ov] ! neck & fa/5$ ) a buckle1 b ^! /ret* v mu*1 d n sit firmly1 b #8waddle1' & ?us cause sore %\ld]s to an animal :i* is n accu/om$ to h>ness "w1 & ^: %\ld]s consequ5tly are n h>d5$4 ,= ! fir/ day or two x is z well to put on a coll> :i* is too big = him1 & :5 he is actually to be put to1 x may be ex*ang$ = "o ( ! prop] dim5sions4 ,by ?is means a colt w n become al>m$1 = ! l>ge coll> slipp+ easily ov] 8 head1 he becomes us$ to ! action by ! "t he is requir$ to don 8 own4 ,! pad1 crupp]1 & bree*+ mu/ n[ be plac$ on 8 back1 ! tail elevat$1 & ! crupp] 7) a buckle on its side7 slipp$ "u x1 c>e be+ tak5 t no hairs are enclos$ by x2 !n ! crupp] is buckl$ up1 ! pad adju/$1 & ! gir? drawn up4 ,x is z well on ! fir/ day ( h>ness+ ! colt to omit putt+ on ! hames & traces1 = !y w\ld only knock ab\t & al>m him1 b if y decide on putt+ !m on1 ! traces mu/ be drawn out horizontally & firmly atta*$ to ! bree*+ by means ( /raps or cord+4 ,x is good practice to connect ! coll> at ! )]s loosely ) ! pad by means ( a /rap1 to prev5t ! coll> f slipp+ =w>d to ! e>s :5 ! animal's head is l[]$4 ,a common rid+ bridle %\ld !n be plac$ on ! head1 & ! colt l$ ab\t = an h\r4 ,by us+ a common rid+ bridle ! colt is enabl$ to see ev]y?+ on 8 back1 & ?us :5 any "p ( ! h>ness /rikes him he is able to see x1 & soon gett+ to und]/& ! cause1 takes no fur!r notice ( x4 ,b :5 a bridle ) bl9k]s is put on1 & at e /ep he takes ! h>ness /rikes him1 he !n does n "k ! cause1 & ?us becom+ t]rifi$1 x requires "s "t & pati5ce to calm him4 ,aft] he has be5 l$ out = ab\t an h\r1 a driv+ bridle ) bl9k]s may be plac$ on 8 head 9 lieu ( ! rid+ bridle1 & !n he mu/ be l$ ab\t aga9 = tw5ty m9utes or half-an-h\r1 :5 he %\ld be return$ to 8 /ables & ! h>ness remov$4 ,y may repeat ?is = a %ort "t 9 ! aft]noon4 ,on ! foll[+ day he mu/ be h>ness$ aga91 b ) ! addition ( ! hames & traces1 & l$ ab\t ) a rid+ bridle1 :i*1 aft] a "t may be ex*ang$ = "o ) bl9k]s1 ! same be+ repeat$ 9 ! aft]noon4 ,( c\rse a v quiet-temp]$ colt w get us$ to ! h>ness 9 mu* less "t1 9 fact "s take no notice ( x at all2 b ) a high-spirit$ or n]v\s animal1 e precaution %\ld be tak51 & pl5ty ( "t sp5t ov] ! process4 ,! colt is n[ ready = putt+ to4 ,"s p advocate break+-9 a colt to d\ble h>ness 9 a break fir/1 :il/ o!rs recomm5d putt+ him betwe5 ! %afts at once4 ,und\bt$ly :5 a break c be secur$1 x is bo? safe/ & be/ = ?is purpose4 ,z to s+le h>ness1 "s p pref] f\r :eels to two1 _! !ory be+ t 9 a f\r-:eel$ trap !re is no weight on ! animal's back1 :il/ 9 ! two-:eel !re is4 ,if ?is 7 ! only evid5ce = or aga9/ f\r :eels v]sus two1 _! !ory w\ld be inevitable1 b un=tunately = !m1 ! f\r :eels h great drawbacks :i* c\nt]act ! b5efit incurr$ by plac+ no weight on ! animal's back1 = if ! colt is re/ive & backs1 ! h9d :eels run out at "r angles to ! horse & driv]1 r5d]+ ! vehicle uncontrollable & highly dang]\s2 & also :5 r\nd+ %>p corn]s1 or 9 turn+1 ! colt n be+ z yet h&y1 ! h9d :eels are v likely to be caught aga9/ "s ob/ruction1 & ?us possibly ov]turn ! conveyance4 ,aga91 dur+ ! act ( turn+1 ! h9d :eels may become lock$ aga9/ ! =e ones4 ,= break+ to s+le h>ness1 ! two-:eel] is mo/ c]ta9ly ! be/ & safe/1 = :5 r\nd+ a %>p turn1 y "k exactly :]e y are1 & h n got to wat* any h9d :eels1 ?us tak+ y\r att5tion f ! colt1 :i*1 z a rule1 requires all y c give him2 he c also back to 8 he>t's cont5t )\t mu* dang]1 or at lea/ )\t "o fiftie? "p ( t incurr$ ) a f\r-:eel$ vehicle4 ,= break+ to d\ble h>ness1 an old horse is requir$ :i* is free f vice1 & well tra9$ to />t imm$iately ! ^w is giv51 & to /& p]fectly /ill :5 requir$4 ,! break hav+ be5 plac$ ) ! pole po9t+ 9 ! direction 9 :i* y int5d go+1 ! break-horse is put to on ! ne> side1 & ! colt 7:i* %\ld h a halt] on z well z 8 bridle1 ! %ank end be+ ti$ to ! tracebe>]s7 l$ out4 ,! colt is !n loosely buckl$ to ! pole-piece1 aft] :i* ! trace ne>e/ ! pole is pass$ ov] ! roll] bolt1 ! animal's qu>t]s are !n g5tly =c$ t[>ds ! pole1 ! outside trace atta*$1 & ! pole-piece adju/$ to ! requisite l5g?1 !n ! re9s are cross$ & buckl$1 & ! driv]1 tak+ _! ends1 m\nts ! box1 ! old horse receives ! ^w ( comm&1 & ! pair />t )\t any ef=t on ! "p ( ! "y animal4 ,if all ?is is done quietly1 quickly1 b )\t any fuss1 ! colt w be put to be=e he kn[s :]e he is4 ,at />t+1 & = a little way along ! road1 a man 7commonly call$ ! breaksman7 %\ld keep beside ! colt ab\t opposite 8 %\ld]1 s t at any mom5t he c place 8 h& ^u ! halt] %ank1 & be ready to assi/ ! driv]1 if requir$2 b z soon z x is evid5t t ! colt is incl9$ to g quietly1 ! breaksman may m\nt ! /& beh9d ! box1 & /& !re1 b mu/ be ready at a second's notice to jump d[n :5 8 s]vices are ?\ght to be ne$$4 ,! break %\ld n be out above an h\r1 or ! colt w be liable to get sore %\ld]s1 b mu/ be driv5 ab\t sl[ly1 & :5 requir$ to turn r\nd1 ! breaksman mu/ help him by pull+ ! halt] t[>ds himself1 :il/ ! driv] turns ! old horse 9 a wide circle4 ,dur+ ! drive ! horses %\ld be /opp$ & />t$ aga9 sev]al times1 t ! colt may get a few lessons4 ,= ! fir/ few days driv+ ei!r up or d[n /eep hills mu/ be avoid$1 b ! "w %\ld consi/ 9 driv+ quietly ab\t roads1 tea*+ ! colt to turn r\nd1 & also turn %>p angles into ano!r road c4 ,a few days ( ?is k9d ( "w w enable him to be driv5 any:]e1 su* z 9 cr[d$ /reets c41 b x w n d to take him into any cru%1 = z yet he _c be dep5d$ ^u1 & might %[ fight1 :i*1 ow+ to ! cr[d1 might n be successfully baffl$4 ,x is a good plan f ! comm5cem5t ( putt+ to ! colt1 on 8 return to ! /able to ba! 8 %\ld]s1 :e!r !y appe> t5d] or n1 ) a cool+ a/r+5t1 su* z ! lead lotion1 = x (t5 happ5s t1 al?\gh y _c see or feel any?+ amiss1 !y 9 reality are slightly t5d]1 & on ! foll[+ day he objects to ! coll>4 ,_m a horse has be5 made a #8jibb]' = life ?r\gh ! want ( ?is precaution4 ,:5 ! colt has become tol]ably h&y 9 ! break1 he may be put betwe5 ! %afts1 :i* 9 all its mat]ial po9ts w be ! same z t describ$ bel[4 ,9 break+ a colt to s+le h>ness1 he mu/ fir/ h a c\ple ( days' tuition to get him us$ to 8 h>ness1 z be=e m5tion$ "u ! head ( break+-9 to d\ble h>ness4 ,! h>ness is be/ :5 s con/ruct$ t ! tugs op5 f above1 all[+ ! %afts to drop into !m1 & e man :o is 9 ! habit ( break+ "y horses to s+le h>ness %\ld h a set s made4 ,x is n difficult to place ! %afts quietly ?r\gh ! ord9>y tugs1 b :5 ! horse is be+ loos$ !y are v apt to /rike ! animal & fright5 him2 ?us 9 _m in/ances tea*+ him1 to 8 dy+ day1 to ru% out ( ! %afts4 ,! two-:eel$ break %\ld be /rong & high on ! :eels1 t ! spl9t]-b> may be high1 & s prev5t ! animal kick+ ov] x1 %\ld he be s incl9$4 ,! colt1 we>+ a halt] besides 8 bridle1 is br\ght out1 ! %afts plac$ g5tly 9 ! tugs1 & ! h>ness fa/5$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 z well z a kick+-/rap ov] 8 qu>t]s buckl$ to ! %afts4 ,! driv] n[ m\nts to 8 seat ) ! re9s1 :il/ a man at ! colt's head pats & coaxes him =w>ds1 :51 on feel+ himself conf9$ betwe5 ! %afts1 he w probably plunge1 re>1 or possibly kick4 ,b :atev] he does1 he mu/ be reassur$ & calm$ by k9dness1 ! man at 8 head giv+ him su* little assi/ance z he is enabl$ to1 su* z pu%+ aga9/ ! %aft or pull+ x t[>ds himself1 accord+ to circum/ances2 he mu/ also run alongside ( him = "s "t1 b :5 ! animal settles d[n & gets w>m$ to 8 "w1 he may ei!r jump into ! break or /& on ! /ep2 9 ei!r case he mu/ be 9 read9ess to leap d[n & help :5 requir$4 ,! colt %\ld n be driv5 m ?an an h\r1 & :5 requir$ to turn ! man mu/ seize ! halt] & draw ! colt r\nd t[>ds himself1 at ! same "t pull+ ! %aft on t side t[>ds himself2 ?is mu/ be cont9u$ = "s days1 until ! colt has le>nt to pu% aga9/ ! %aft himself4 ,( c\rse1 :5 ! animal is turn$ on ! opposite side1 ! assi/ance mu/ be on t side also4 ,if ! colt jibs1 x is be/ to sit /ill & coax him a little1 & :5 he is tir$ ( /&+ he w move on2 b !re are "s animals :i* w n d s1 & !n x mu/ re/ ) ! judgm5t ( ! driv]1 ) 8 k ( ! colt's temp]1 :e!r he use ! :ip & risk a kick or two1 & p]haps a re>1 or n4 ,a colt be+ brok5 to s+le h>ness %\ld n be driv5 d[n any?+ l a /eep hill until he is h&y at o!r ?+s1 = ?is is ! mo/ difficult lesson ( all = him to le>n1 z he !n has ! full weight ( ! vehicle pu%+ aga9/ him1 & x takes a long "t be=e he w le>n to keep himself /raight 9 ! bree*+1 b w pu% sideways & run into ! opposite bank1 if ! man at 8 head does n take c>e & help him4 ,! bit ,i pref] to all o!rs :5 break+ a colt to s+le h>ness is ! smoo? r+ snaffle1 ) ! re9s pass$ ?r\gh bo? r+s on ei!r side1 ?us conv]t+ x into an ord9>y snaffle2 b if y buckle !m to ! sep>ate r+ on ei!r side1 ! bit becomes too sev]e1 p9*es ! jaw1 & causes s mu* pa9 t ! animal fights ) x1 & becom+ re/ive1 pays no att5tion to :at y wi% to tea* him4 ,break+ ! c>t colt to h>ness requires a v diff]5t me?od ( op]ation to t us$ = ! purpose ) ! light] bre$s4 ,"s f>m]s put !m 9 a team at ! pl\gh z soon z !y h be5 taught to lead2 b ,i d n consid] ?is happy-g-lucky /yle at all a good "o4 ,!y are n likely to h good m\?s1 & ! heavy /ra9 ( ?is cont9ual dead pull+ "w makes !m sl[1 is incl9$ to make !m d[nhe>t$1 & :e!r !y "w 9 ! furr[ or on ! surface1 x causes !m to move unequally ) _! fell[1 & s is v apt to make !m j]ky 9 _! /yle ( go+2 & moreov]1 be+ "y1 ) _! bones & t5dons undevelop$1 !y are v liable to #8%\ld] slip1' z x is commonly call$4 ,! colt %\ld be l$ ab\t ! roads ) ! break+-9 tackl+ on1 z /at$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41 until he is us$ to pass+ objects1 vehicles1 c4 ,he %\ld also be driv5 9 re9s1 & !n ridd5 a few times4 ,aft] he has got tol]ably quiet at ?is k9d ( "w1 "s c>t h>ness may be put on him1 & he is !n to be l$ or driv5 ab\t = a c\ple ( days )\t bl9k]s1 aft] :i* he may be driv51 ) ! addition ( a c>t bridle1 ) bl9k]s1 :5 he w be ready = a few lessons 9 pull+4 ,?ree or f\r rails or planks %\ld be ti$ toge!r1 & atta*$ by *a9s to ! h>ness1 ( c\rse hav+ a /ret*] or cross-b> betwe5 !m4 ,! colt is !n to be l$ ab\t a field ) !m1 & aft] he is f\nd to drag !m tol]ably quietly he %\ld be driv5 in/ead ( be+ l$4 ,y may keep him at ?is "w = an h\r1 aft] :i* he mu/ be unh>ness$1 & 8 %\ld]s ba!d ) an a/r+5t cool+ lotion4 ,?is %\ld be repeat$ on ! foll[+ day1 & aft] t ! weight ( rails or timb] may be gradually increas$2 ( c\rse ?is h\r's "w daily is n suffici5t1 s besides ?is he may be driv5 ab\t ! roads 9 8 h>ness = an h\r or two z well1 or ridd54 ,:5 he has drawn light loads ( timb] = a week1 he %\ld be h>ness$ to an empty c>t & tak5 on to a road2 he may be tak5 two or ?ree miles--( c\rse at a walk--& !n turn$4 ,:5 on 8 homew>d j\rney he may be /opp$ & />t$ aga9 occasionally1 z well z be+ turn$ r\nd e n[ & !n4 ,a week ( ?is "w w make him tol]ably h&y1 & !n he %\ld be taught to back ! empty c>t2 aft] hav+ le>nt :i* he may be made to draw small loads1 & s comm5ce to e>n 8 liv+4 ,x is a great mi/ake to put c>t colts to draw heavy loads at fir/1 = !y are mu* m liable to jib if n prop]ly brok5-9 ?an well-br$ ones2 & :5 once a c>t colt has jibb$ x is ! mo/ difficult ?+ 9 ! _w to cure him ( t prop5sity4 ,z f> z ,i am conc]n$ ,i mu* pref] break+-9 colts1 :e!r = heavy or light draught1 )\t bl9k]s1 = x is mu* easi] & saf] done4 ,:o has n se5 a horse p]fectly quiet to ride b hav+ a n]v\s temp]am5t1 put 9 h>ness1 half-bl9d$ by ! bl9k]s1 c>ry+ 8 e>s erect b cont9ually keep+ !m 9 motion1 turn+ !m =w>ds1 backw>ds1 & to ! side 9 quick succession1 8 eyes hav+ a fright5$1 sc>$ expression1 :il/ 8 :ole body indicates fe> ( some?+ n und]/ood8 ,put t same horse 9 h>ness )\t bl9k]s1 ?us all[+ him to see :at is go+ on1 & he w be p]fectly quiet & happy4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahgd light c>ts 7 debit$ ) #egb casualties1 includ+ bo? kill$ & w\nd$1 9 ,london alone2 :il/ 9 #ahge ! numb] 0 #gda1 be+ an increase ( #afi4 ,! police report t reckless driv+ is on ! decrease4 ,?is great discrepancy 9 kill$ & w\nd$ dur+ ! ye>s #ahgd & #ahge is *iefly ow+ to ! fact t tradesm5's c>ts are left /&+ 9 ! /reets :il/ ! driv]s are deliv]+ _! ma/]s' goods4 ,! horses rema9 /ill s long z !re is no?+ to di/urb _! equanimity1 b %\ld a regim5tal b&1 a fire-eng9e1 c41 pass by1 away !y g on _! headlong c>e] until "s pass+ :eel or lamp-po/ ov]?r[s !m4 ,n[1 if ^! horses 7 accu/om$ to g )\t bl9k]s & all[$ to h ! free use ( _! eyes z nature int5d$ !m1 !y w\ld 9 n9e cases out ( t5 n run away4 ,if "s object sudd5ly fell ) a cra% ne> !m !y w\ld c]ta9ly />t & move a few paces 7& s w\ld y71 b hav+ ! free use ( _! eyes !y w\ld soon see ! cause ( _! fright1 & !n und]/&+ t no h>m 0 int5d$ !m w\ld become /ill aga94 ,aga91 if a b& or fire-eng9e is com+ t[>ds !m1 ei!r f 9 front or f beh9d1 !y are enabl$ to see x1 scrut9ise x1 & become acqua9t$ ) its nature be=e x ne>s !m2 b if ! animal we>s bl9k]s he he>s a noise1 elevates 8 head1 moves 8 e>s 9 all directions 7= be+ unable to see he makes z mu* use ( 8 s5se ( he>+ z possible71 becomes fidgety1 & :5 ! object ( 8 fe>s sudd5ly comes )9 range ( 8 dim9i%$ vision1 he is v naturally t]rifi$1 & ! consequ5ce is t he runs away to avoid x4 ,i am c]ta9 t if horses 7 driv5 )\t bl9k]s su* accid5ts caus$ by runn+ away w\ld be greatly dim9i%$2 x is only fa%ion1 t bugbe> ( society1 t causes bl9k]s to be an insep>able "p ( h>ness4 ,i am sure a horse looks bett] )\t !m if p w\ld only accu/om !mselves to ! sight4 ,:y hide a horse's eyes1 ! mo/ expressive feature 9 8 head8 ,:at w\ld a lady be if h] eyes 7 put out or hidd5 f view1 & unable to use !m z "s "k only too well h[ to d4 ,9 conclud+ ?is *apt] let me rem9d my read]s t be>+-re9s are bo? useless & cruel1 ! =m] because ! horse _c pull to ! full ext5t ( 8 p[] :5 8 head is /uck up 9 ! air1 & t all attempts to alt] ! natural con=mation ( 8 head & neck are futile2 ! latt] because ! head & neck be+ kept 9 an unnatural & con/ra9$ position causes ! animal excessive pa94 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,b>\*e1 ,,l&au1 ,,& ,,br\gham ,,horse4 ,,! ,,victoria1 ,t-,,c>t1 ,,light ,,waggonette1 ,,or ,,dog-,,c>t ,,horse--,,! ,,omnibus ,,& ,,van ,,horse--,,! ,,c>t-,,horse--,,! ,,l9coln%ire ,,dray-,,horse --,,! ,,suffolk ,,pun*--,,! ,,clydesdale--,,scot* ,,bre$]s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,b>\*e1 ,,l&au1 ,,& ,,br\gham ,,horse4 ,! b>\*e is always drawn by a pair ( horses2 ! l&au & br\gham are also pair-horse c>riages1 except :5 especially built = s+le h>ness4 ,i %all fir/ suppose all ?ree ( ^! c>riages are int5d$ to be drawn by pairs ( horses4 ,! horses requir$ = ?is "w are *iefly br$ 9 ,york%ire1 ,l9coln%ire1 & ,%rop%ire1 be+1 z a rule1 a cross betwe5 c>t-m>es--especially if ( ! ,clevel& bre$1 n[ r>ely met )--& ! ?or\ghbr$ horse4 ,a good horse ( ?is sort %\ld be l5g?y1 & yet h a tol]ably %ort back2 %\ld h oblique & muscul> %\ld]s1 long1 /raight1 & /rong qu>t]s1 besides hav+ good knee & hock action2 ! head %\ld be neat1 & ! neck gracefully curv$ & well set on4 ,he %\ld be deep 9 ! gir?1 h a good r\nd b>rel well ribb$ up1 & %\ld n be less ?an #af h&s high4 ,= s+le h>ness1 9 a l&au or br\gham1 ! horse mu/ h all ! above po9ts1 b mu/ besides be a heavi] & l>g] built animal2 9 height he mu/ n be less ?an #af h&s1 nor mu* above t /&>d1 = a horse :i* /&s #af h&s #c in*es1 or #ag h&s high1 is g5]ally long-legg$1 long-back$1 & weak 9 comp>ison to 8 height4 ,= ! ,victoria1 ,t-c>t1 light ,waggonette1 ,phaeton1 or ,dog-c>t1 a bett] br$ horse is requir$2 he may be ne>ly or q ?or\ghbr$1 b mu/ be ( good con=mation1 & h good & mod]ately high action2 9 height he may be #ae h&s #c in*es1 or #af h&s4 ,norfolk supplies ! be/ horses = ?is k9d ( "w1 !y be+ /rong1 h&some animals1 high-action$1 & fa/ trott]s1 z f> z fa/ trott+ & high action are compatible ) spe$4 ,! ,omnibus & ,van-horse is r a nondescript sort ( animal1 be+ some?+ betwe5 a c>riage-horse & t us$ = heavy draught4 ,!re is no di/9ct bre$ ( ?is class ( horse2 b a great _m ( our omnibus-horses come f abroad1 especially f ,norm&y1 :il/ ! van-horses are *iefly *ance gets1 pick$ up "h & !re :]ev] f\nd4 ,colts got by a c>?orse out ( a half-br$ m>e are v apt to develop into van-horses4 ,an omnibus-horse %\ld be capable ( draw+ a heavy load at a spe$ ( ab\t #h miles an h\r1 :il/ a van-horse %\ld d ab\t #f miles 9 ! same "t4 ,! ,c>t-horse4--,! ,l9coln%ire dray-horse is a l>ge & magnific5t animal1 be+ ! produce ( a cross betwe5 ! old ,engli% black & ! ,flemi% horse1 b be+ v sl[1 he has = "s "t be5 sup]s$$ by ! ,suffolk & ,clydesdale horses4 ,9 8 day he 0 9 great reque/ = brew]s' drays1 b ow+ to 8 want ( spe$ he has n[ be5 almo/ disc>d$4 ,! ,l9coln%ire dray-horse is n[ us$ = ! production ( c>riage-horses by ?or\ghbr$ sires1 & also "s bre$]s ( ,clydesdale horses 9 ,scotl& are r fond ( cross+ !m ) ! ,clydesdale1 & sell+ ! produce z ?or\ghbr$ ,clydesdales1 ?us realis+ a ?or\ghbr$ price = a crossbr$ animal4 ,! ,suffolk ,c>t-horse is *e/nut1 v>y+ f a sorrel to a mod]ately d>k *e/nut col\r2 he is r long 9 ! back1 deep-*e/$1 full 9 ! flank1 & deep-belli$1 hav+ clean & wiry legs & a full cre/4 ,he is (t5 se5 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl&1 b ! ,clydesdale is fa/ sup]s$+ him4 ,tak+ into consid]ation 8 make & %ape1 ,i d n see :y ! m>es %\ld n produce good c>riage-horses1 if mat$ ) suitable ?or\ghbr$ sires4 ,! ,clydesdale c]ta9ly is at pres5t ! k+ ( ! c>t-horses 9 ,great ,brita92 he is g5]ally ( a bay1 br[n1 or black col\r1 ! bay & br[n pr$om9at+4 ,he has a neat well-br$ head1 a good neck1 deep gir? & r\nd middlepiece1 is %ort 9 ! leg1 ! bone ( :i* is rem>kably l>ge1 & ! fetlock cov]$ ) long hair4 ,mu* fa%ion dep5ds ^u ! gr[? ( hair at ! fetlock2 =m]ly x 0 curly1 b n[ a ,clydesdale w n pass mu/] unless he has ab\t six in*es ( q /raight hair on ^! p>ts4 ,great prices are giv5 = ^! horses1 ev5 :5 ye>l+s2 :5 ?or\ghbr$ or suppos$ to be s1 "s good sires be+ let = ! season at #ejjl4 ,9 ,scotl& !y are all ! rage1 great c>e be+ tak5 ) _! bre$+1 al?\gh occasionally a bre$] does sell a crossbr$ "o z a ?or\ghbr$1 ?us putt+ a nice little sum into 8 pocket4 ,note4--,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 a ,clydesdale ,society has be5 =m$1 & a ,clydesdale ,/ud ,book is be+ compil$4 ,spottiswoode ,co41 ,pr9t]s1 ,new-/reet ,squ>e1 ,london4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation has be5 reta9$3 break-9_/break 91 c>?orse_/c>t-horse1 fly+-trot_/fly+ trot1 head/all_/head-/all meantime_/mean "t1 m\?piece_/m\?-piece1 racec\rse_/race-c\rse rock+-horses_/rock+ horses4 ,! notation ,text d5otes ! use ( small capitals 9 ! orig9al4