,transcriber's ,notes3 ,underscores 80 before and after a word or phrase indicate italics in the original text4 ,equal signs 80 before and after a word or phrase indicate bold in the original text4 ,illustration ,,common ,,poisonous ,,plants ,,of ,,new ,,england ,u4,s4 ,,department ,,of ,,health1 ,,education1 ,,and ,,welfare ,public ,health ,service ,this material was prepared by ,heber ,w4 ,youngken1 ,jr41 ,ph4 ,d41 ,dean of the ,college of ,pharmacy1 ,university of ,rhode ,island1 ,kingston2 and ,joseph ,s4 ,karas1 ,m4,d41 ,director of the ,poison ,control ,center at ,rhode ,island ,hospital1 ,providence1 and is published by the ,rhode ,island ,health ,department in cooperation with the ,u4,s4 ,public ,health ,service1 ,division of ,accident ,prevention4 ,the photographs were provided by ,dean ,youngken4 ,,rhode ,,island ,,department ,,of ,,health ,division of ,health ,education and ,information and ,,the ,,university ,,of ,,rhode ,,island ,in ,cooperation ,with ,u4,s4 ,,department ,,of ,,health1 ,,education1 ,,and ,,welfare ,public ,health ,service ,division of ,accident ,prevention ,washington1 ,d4,c4 #bjbja ,public ,health ,service ,publication ,no4 #abbj ,april #aifd ,for sale by the ,superintendent of ,documents1 ,u4,s4 ,government ,printing ,office ,washington1 ,d4,c41 #bjdjb ,price #ce cents ,,common ,,poisonous ,,plants ,,of ,,new ,,england ,page ,introduction ii ,amanita mushroom #a ,baneberry #b ,bittersweet #c ,bloodroot #d ,castor bean #e ,christmas rose #f ,daphne #g ,deadly nightshade #h ,foxglove #i ,green hellebore #aj ,indian hemp #aa ,jimson weed #ab ,larkspur #ac ,lily-of-the-valley #ad ,monkshood #ae ,poison-hemlock #af ,poison-ivy #ag ,pokeweed #ah ,water hemlock #ai ,yew #bj ,poison ,control ,centers #ba ,plant ,index #bc ,,introduction ,prompted by the many telephone calls and inquiries received at the ,rhode ,island ,poison ,control and ,information ,centers regarding plants1 flowers1 and berries1 the ,state ,department of ,health has developed the information contained in this booklet4 ,it will aid families in planning safe gardens1 give fuller knowledge of wild plants1 and1 in the case of an accidental ingestion1 provide assistance in identifying the plant4 ,since verbal descriptions are frequently inadequate1 and nonprofessional determination of species often uncertain1 there has been a need for a more expedient means of identifying plants and their toxicity4 ,because the toxicity of these plants will vary with the size of the child1 the season1 and the quantity and part of the plant eaten1 it is necessary that a physician determine the necessary treatment for each case4 ,,this ,,booklet ,,encourages ,,the ,,emptying ,,of ,,the ,,stomach ,,of ,a ,,victim ,,by ,,vomiting ,,as ,a ,,general ,,measure ,,in ,,preventing ,,serious ,,injury4 ,,vomiting ,,should ,,not ,,be ,,induced ,,if ,,the ,,victim ,,is ,,unconscious ,,or ,,convulsing4 ,some basic information is included for physicians who might be unaware of the toxic principles and their effects in these particular plants4 ,although the seriousness of each accident must be judged individually1 it is necessary that the plant be accurately identified and that sufficient information on its toxicity be readily available4 ,many other poisonous plants could have been included in this booklet1 but1 the purpose was to discuss those found most commonly1 although not exclusively1 in the ,new ,england ,states4 ,the names and telephone numbers of the ,poison ,control ,centers in the ,new ,england area are included for the convenience of your physician4 7,see page #ba47 ,cover picture3 ,european bittersweet ,solanum dulcamara 7see page #c7 ,,amanita ,,mushroom ,illustration3 ,amanita1 fly agaric ,amanita muscaria--,,agaricaceae ,description3 ,one of the most poisonous of the mushrooms 7toadstools74 ,found mostly in woody areas1 along roadsides1 and waste places1 especially at the base of pine and similar trees4 ,unlike many edible mushrooms1 this poisonous amanita has a fleshy bulb-like base and yellow stalk 7stipe7 with scaly growths and a cap or top 7pileus74 ,often a white ring 7annulus7 of soft ragged tissue may be observed on the stalk under its cap4 ,all amanita mushrooms should1 in general1 be considered poisonous4 ,the top1 which may be #c to #f inches wide1 varies in color from bright orange to red with white to gray warty growths on it4 ,under the cap are numerous very white gills which distinguish this mushroom from most edible types4 ,the latter usually have pink to purple gills4 ,these mushrooms form in groups1 or are scattered4 ,other poisonous mushrooms found in ,new ,england are the ,death ,cup1 ,amanita phalloides2 jack-o'-lantern1 ,clitocybe illudens2 ,shaggy mane1 ,coprinus comatus2 and the ,boletus and ,russula species4 ,there are many others4 ,perhaps the best precaution is to avoid eating any mushroom not certified by an expert to be edible4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,all portions are poisonous4 ,the chief toxic principle is an alkaloid1 muscarine4 ,amanita poisoning is characterized by intense sweating1 salivation1 wheezing1 irregular breathing and heart beat4 ,if not treated promptly1 it can be fatal within an hour depending upon quantities consumed4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and treat for muscarine alkaloid poisoning or excessive muscarinic stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system1 also dehydration4 ,atropine and other similar drugs counteract the effects of muscarine4 ,,baneberry ,illustration3 ,baneberry1 snakeberry ,actaea rubra and ,actaea alba--,,ranunculaceae ,description3 ,the red and white baneberries are perennial herbs found in woodlands and occasionally as showy plants in gardens4 ,leaves are large on many branches and resemble those of the wildcurrant4 ,the small flowers are white in spring4 ,plants generally grow about #a to #b feet in height4 ,the attractive parts are the red or white berries which develop during summer and early autumn4 ,they are in clusters on terminal flower stalks1 each on a conspicuous short fleshy pedicel4 ,children have been poisoned by eating the berries4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,the root stock1 sap1 and berries4 ,these produce marked irritation of the stomach and intestines causing nausea and violent purgation4 ,if absorbed1 the acrid principles can affect the heart1 increase the pulse rate1 and cause dizziness4 ,fatalities have been reported4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and treat gastric inflammation and circulatory failure4 ,,bittersweet ,illustration3 ,european bittersweet1 blue nightshade1 woody nightshade ,solanum dulcamara--,,solanaceae ,description3 ,a woody climbing or reclining herb with slender stems and dark green pointed leaves which may be purplish-green when young4 ,clusters of white or purplish-white flowers borne on a #e-pointed1 wheel-shaped base 7calyx74 ,during summer and early fall1 fruits become attractive berries1 bright red to scarlet1 and are scattered in clusters4 ,they remain when leaves fall4 ,this weed is found in numerous areas1 such as on dumps1 along fence walls1 and generally in moist1 rich soil conditions4 ,it is a common weed in many gardens1 near dwellings or in fields1 and is related to the black and deadly nightshades4 ,,note4 ,the black nightshade1 ,american bittersweet or poison berry 7,solarium nigrum-,,solanaceae7 closely resembles the ,european bittersweet1 excepting the berries which are purple or black4 ,it contains the same poisonous principles4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,chiefly the leaves and unripe fruits4 ,the red berries 7black berries of the black nightshade7 can be poisonous if several are eaten4 ,the plant contains solanine1 dulcamarin1 and similar principles which are related to the alkaloids of the deadly nightshade4 ,poisoning is characterized by burning in the throat1 nausea1 dizziness1 dilation of eye pupils1 convulsions1 and general muscular weakness4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians treat for alkaloids1 as in atropine poisoning4 ,,bloodroot ,illustration3 ,bloodroot ,sanguinaria canadensis--,,papaveraceae ,description3 ,perennial1 low-growing herbs which appear early in spring in shady1 moist wooded areas4 ,the many-petaled1 white flower frequently develops first on a stalk wrapped with a single large-lobed leaf4 ,the large underground stem 7rhizome7 and smaller roots of the bloodroot contain an orange to red juice from which the plant gets its name4 ,this is poisonous4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,the underground stems1 roots1 and their red contents4 ,these contain several toxic alkaloids1 chiefly sanguinarine1 which irritate the mucous membranes of the mouth1 throat1 and stomach causing intense burning1 nausea1 and vomiting4 ,if absorbed1 the alkaloids can affect the nervous system1 depress the heart1 cause coma1 and produce temporary paralysis4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit1 and then give warm milk4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and treat irritated gastro-intestinal tract4 ,in the event that much of the root material has been ingested and absorbed1 measures should be taken to prevent circulatory collapse4 ,,castor ,,bean ,illustration3 ,castor bean1 castor oil plant1 palma ,christi ,ricinus communis--,,euphorbiaceae ,description3 ,there are many varieties of the castor bean plant growing in gardens and greenhouses4 ,the plant is cultivated commercially in southern climates for the castor oil produced by the seeds4 ,it grows to #h feet or more in height with large showy palm like1 dark green leaves on long stalks4 ,flowers are not very attractive but the clusters of soft spiny fruits which form in late summer and early fall1 split open to yield very attractively marked shiny seeds4 ,these possess variegated white to brown and black striations and are shaped somewhat like the tick insect4 ,because of the attractive appearance1 they become playthings for children4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,the beans or seeds contain the toxic substances ricin and ricinine4 ,ricin is exceedingly poisonous due to its irritant action which causes nausea1 vomiting1 intestinal cramps1 stupor1 and sometimes convulsions and circulatory collapse several hours after seeds are ingested4 ,ricin may produce hemolysis4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and employ symptomatic measures4 ,,christmas ,,rose ,illustration3 ,christmas rose1 black hellebore ,helleborus niger--,,ranunculaceae ,description3 ,in warmer climates1 the large blossoms of this plant appear in midwinter1 hence1 the common name ,christmas rose4 ,however1 these develop much earlier in fall or later in spring in ,new ,england and other northern areas4 ,the plant is a perennial evergreen herb with a black underground stem and roots4 ,each year a single palmately divided leaf and flower stalk form1 the latter with one or two large purplish-white flowers1 each with five petals and a yellow center whorl of flower parts4 ,found in gardens usually as a cultivated plant4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,an intensely irritating glycoside principle1 helleborein1 has been found in the leaves and roots4 ,this probably accounts for much of the skin inflammation caused on contact with bruised parts or the juice of this plant4 ,other poisonous glycosides and alkaloids which affect the heart 7similar to the effects of digitalis7 and nervous system 7as from aconite7 are also present4 ,if ingested1 the plant may cause vomiting1 tingling and numbing sensations in the mouth1 and violent purgation4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,wash the skin at once with soap and water if the juice of the plant is in contact with it4 ,have patient vomit if any part has been eaten4 ,physicians treat for dermatitis and vesication if a contact poisoning4 ,when there is evidence of much ingestion treat for digitalis or aconitine poisoning1 depending upon symptoms4 ,,daphne ,illustration3 ,daphne1 spurge olive ,daphne mezereum--,,thymelaeaceae ,description3 ,a low1 woody plant found in many gardens4 ,the daphne bears small rose-purple blossoms in clusters along its branches in early spring before the leaves develop4 ,during the summer1 several bright red berries appear1 each with a single seed4 ,some horticultural varieties produce white to yellow flowers and yellow to orange berries4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,the bark1 7this separates easily from the stems7 leaves1 and berries are poisonous4 ,children are especially attracted to the berries and fatalities among some who have eaten them have been reported4 ,poisoning is characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth and irritation of the stomach and intestines which causes severe cramps4 ,toxic principles include a bitter glycoside1 daphnin1 and an acid resinous mixture4 ,if not removed reasonably soon1 these can produce kidney inflammation since these principles can be absorbed4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and treat for a probable irritation of the gastro-intestinal tract if parts of the plant have been in the stomach for more than an hour4 ,,deadly ,,nightshade ,illustration3 ,deadly nightshade1 black cherry ,atropa belladonna--,,solanaceae ,description3 ,a perennial bushy herb1 #c to #d feet in height1 branching stems with dark green pointed leaves1 lavender-to-purple1 bell-shaped flowers1 and black cherry-like fruits4 7,not related to cherry trees47 ,plants rarely grown in gardens1 usually weeds found in scattered areas4 ,children are especially attracted to the fruits4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,roots1 leaves1 and seeds which contain alkaloids 7atropine1 hyoscyamine1 scopolamine1 etc47 similar to those of the jimsonweed 7see page #ab74 ,poisoning causes drying of the mouth1 dilation of eye pupils1 a very rapid heartbeat1 and central-nervous-system depression4 ,poison can be absorbed by handling leaves1 as well as by eating fruits4 ,severely poisonous6 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit immediately if eaten4 ,exposed skin should be washed with soapy water4 ,physicians treat for atropine poisoning4 ,,note3 ,other nightshades causing poisoning include the blue and black nightshades which are also known as bittersweets 7,solanum dulcamara1 and ,solanum nigrum respectively74 7,see page #c47 ,,foxglove ,illustration3 ,foxglove1 digitalis ,digitalis purpurea--,,scrophulariaceae ,description3 ,the foxglove is found wild in woodlands1 along shady roadsides1 and often is cultivated in gardens4 ,during its first year of growth it forms clusters of leaves in a rosette pattern1 but no flowers4 ,the flowers develop on long erect stems early in summer during the second year4 ,they are numerous showy white-lavender1 or purple bell-shaped flowers which bloom for several weeks4 ,the fruits are dry capsules with many tiny seeds4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,the leaves and seeds4 ,these contain the digitalis glycosides1 chiefly digitoxin1 which is a powerful heart stimulant4 ,poisoning is characterized by nausea1 vomiting1 and dizziness and can be experienced several hours after ingesting the plant parts4 ,the plant is severely poisonous and can cause heart failure because of its powerful action on the heart muscles4 ,antidotes3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and treat for digitoxin and digitalis glycoside poisoning4 ,,green ,,hellebore ,illustration3 ,green hellebore1 false hellebore1 ,indian poke ,veratrum viride--,,liliaceae ,description3 ,this hellebore is found in swampy places1 moist meadows1 or along the edges of streams4 ,it develops in early spring quite like the skunk cabbage1 but then grows during summer on a stout stalk up to #f to #h feet in height4 ,its clasping broad leaves with parallel vein markings are conspicuous4 ,many small greenish-white flowers form on a branching top4 ,the size of the plant attracts people1 and children find the broad leaves and green tops a curiosity4 ,powdered roots and a mixture of the alkaloids are found among the contents of some insecticides4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,poisonous principles are alkaloids which are in largest amounts in the roots4 ,leaves and seeds contain smaller quantities and can be harmful4 ,poisoning is characterized by salivation1 abdominal pain1 and attempts to vomit4 ,large quantities produce a cold and clammy skin and depressed circulation due to effects of veratrum alkaloids on the heart muscles and on respiration4 ,death may result4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit if the victim has not become unconscious and appears calm4 ,if shock has developed1 use standard first aid measures4 ,physicians treat for veratrum alkaloid poisoning4 ,,indian ,,hemp ,illustration3 ,indian hemp1 cannabis1 marihuana1 marijuana ,cannabis sativa--,,moraceae ,description3 ,this tall annual weed is usually eradicated by local authorities as soon as it is found because of its narcotic properties4 ,occasionally1 however1 it turns up on dumps1 along railroad tracks1 or other places4 ,fruits or 8seeds0 of the ,cannabis for commercial purposes1 have been pre-treated to render them non-viable and of use in bird seed mixtures4 ,at times1 some are not rendered sufficiently sterile and these1 in the home refuse1 get to dump areas where they germinate4 ,plants can reach more than #f feet in height4 ,leaves are slender and divided into five to seven long1 narrow1 pointed leaflets each with a saw-tooth margin4 ,they are rough to the touch1 giving one the feeling of sand paper4 ,smaller flower bracts are quite resinous and sticky4 ,flowers and fruits are rather inconspicuous and scattered along upper portions of the stem4 ,male and female flowers are borne on separate plants4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,the leaves1 flowering parts1 and resinous secretions contain the ,cannabis 7cannabinol7 narcotic principles4 ,publicity over the illegal use of marihuana in its various forms1 i4e41 cigarettes1 extracts1 pills1 etc41 make it a curiosity among some people4 ,it causes cerebral stimulation and excessive amounts produce hallucinations1 delirium1 and eventually mental depression4 ,it is a plant which can cause drug addiction4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians treat for cerebral depression and other aspects of marihuana poisoning4 ,,jimson ,,weed ,illustration3 ,jimson weed1 thornapple4 ,jamestown weed ,datura stramonium and ,datura tatula--,,solanaceae ,description3 ,an annual herb1 #c to #d feet in height1 branching stems with trumpet-shaped white flowers or thorny fruits formed in forks of the branches4 ,leaves pointed and with irregular margins4 ,datura tatula has purple stems4 ,both have spiny or prickly fruits which turn brown when ripe and spill out several small brownish-black1 kidney-shaped seeds4 ,these are also poisonous4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,roots1 leaves1 and seeds which contain alkaloids 7atropine1 hyoscyamine1 scopolamine1 etc47 similar to those of the deadly nightshade4 7,see page #h47 ,poisoning causes drying of the mouth1 dilation of eye pupils1 a very rapid heartbeat1 and central-nervous-system depression4 ,poisoning can be experienced merely by handling the leaves4 ,children sometimes ingest the poisonous seeds or rub the eyes after touching the leaves and are then poisoned4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,hands should be washed with soap and water if in contact with the plant4 ,physicians treat for atropine poisoning4 ,,note3 ,there are other species and varieties of ,datura which contain similar poisonous principles although in lesser amounts4 ,these are sometimes grown in gardens and greenhouses as ornamentals and are frequently called angel's trumpet4 ,they include ,datura innoxia1 ,datura metel1 ,d4 metaloides1 ,d4 arborea1 ,d4 sanguinia1 etc4 ,most have large trumpet-like1 white or pinkish-white flowers and some reach small tree height4 ,observe same precautions as for jimson weed4 ,,larkspur ,illustration3 ,larkspur1 delphinium1 lark's claw1 knight's spur ,delphinium ajacis--,,ranunculaceae ,description3 ,the cultivated larkspurs found in ,new ,england are annuals or perennials found in many gardens and produce showy blossoms with many colors 7usually white and violet-purple7 growing on erect flower stalks4 ,leaves are divided into parts and have the general outline of a bird's foot4 ,the small seeds which form in dry follicles are usually pointed and very irregular in shape4 ,the plant varies in height from #b to #d feet4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,leaves and seeds contain toxic alkaloids which when ingested may affect the nervous system4 ,tingling sensations of the mouth may at first be experienced followed by excitation and severe depression4 ,animals poisoned by wild larkspurs growing on western ranges stagger and appear to develop symptoms of tetany4 ,powdered larkspur seed is also found in some commercial lice remedies4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and treat for alkaloid 7ajacine7 poisoning and central nervous system excitation using short-acting barbiturates because of subsequent depression4 ,,lily-,,of-,,the-,,valley ,illustration3 ,lily-of-the-valley ,convallaria majalis--,,liliaceae ,description3 ,a perennial1 low-growing herb found in many gardens4 ,its attractive small1 white1 nodding1 bell-shaped flowers are fragrant and used in bouquets4 ,they blossom in spring and summer4 ,several of these are found on one side of a slender flowering stalk4 ,leaves have parallel vein markings4 ,the fruits appear in late summer and early fall and are attractive red to orange-red fleshy berries4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,roots1 leaves1 and fruits contain harmful principles1 particularly the glycoside convallatoxin which stimulates the heart muscles similarly to the poisonous principles of the foxglove1 digitalis4 ,dizziness and vomiting may occur in #a to #b hours if large quantities are eaten4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians should look for symptoms of digitalis poisoning4 ,,monkshood ,illustration3 ,monkshood1 aconite1 friar's cap1 ,wolfsbane ,aconitum napellus--,,ranunculaceae ,description3 ,there are numerous garden varieties of the monkshood and it is widely cultivated4 ,it is a perennial herb reaching a height of about #c to #d feet with many divided leaves 7like a crow's foot74 ,several violet-blue flowers form on a flowering stalk somewhat like the delphinium or larkspur1 but they are more frequently branched4 ,each flower resembles the cap or hood of a medieval monk1 hence its common name4 ,the seeds are tiny and form in dry capsules called follicles4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,roots and seeds are most poisonous although the leaves may be harmful if eaten4 ,the plant contains several poisonous alkaloids1 chiefly aconitine1 which affects the vital vagus nerve from the brain causing a slowing of the heart4 ,other effects of poisoning include tingling and numbing sensations of the lips and tongue1 irregular pulse1 dimness of vision1 and respiratory failure4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,the victim should be kept warm1 because of the possibility of circulatory collapse1 and placed in a horizontal position with the feet level with the head4 ,physicians treat for aconitine alkaloid poisoning4 ,gastric lavage is preferred to the use of vomiting agents4 ,circulatory stimulants may be necessary4 ,,poison ,,hemlock ,illustration3 ,poison-hemlock1 poison-parsley ,conium maculatum--,,umbelliferae ,description3 ,a biennial weed with leaves resembling those of parsley1 dark green1 finely divided1 with shiny under surfaces4 ,the plant is found in gardens1 fields1 and along roadsides1 and reaches up to #e feet1 or more1 in height4 ,roots resemble those of the parsnip4 ,when crushed1 both fresh leaves and roots yield a juice with a characteristic odor of the parsnip4 ,occasional purplish spots are found on the hollow stems4 ,the very small white flowers and grayish-green fruits are borne on umbrella-like stalks4 ,the tiny fruits upon close examination have flattened inner surfaces4 ,they also look somewhat like fruits of the anise1 ,pimpinella anisum4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,the leaves and fruits during flowering contain an intensely poisonous principle1 coniine1 and other related alkaloids4 ,older roots are also poisonous4 ,hemlock poisoning first causes a burning sensation in the mouth and throat followed by muscular weakness1 stupor1 and paralysis of the arms and chest4 ,poisonous principles act on the spinal cord and brain causing respiratory failure and death4 ,the poisonous hemlock juice was employed by ancient ,greeks as a means of capital punishment4 ,socrates and other celebrities are said to have met death by this means4 ,accidental poisoning has occurred in modern time by mistaking the conium for parsley1 parsnip1 or anise plants4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage as soon as possible4 ,treat for alkaloid poisoning and maintain respiration4 ,,poison-,,ivy ,illustration3 ,poison-ivy1 poison-oak ,rhus ,toxicodendron--,,anacardiaceae ,description3 ,probably no other plant has caused as much suffering and distress as has the poison-ivy4 ,poison-ivy1 with its characteristic three-leaf appearance and prominent veins is a woody vine1 climbing by aerial rootlets1 or taking a tree-like appearance4 ,poison-oak is more of a low1 branching shrub4 ,each leaflet is shaped somewhat like an oak leaf4 ,both are found abundantly in woodlands1 along fences1 walks1 and roadsides4 ,during the fall their showy red and yellow leaves are frequently mistaken for those of the harmless trees of the woods4 ,the flowers are yellowish green to white in color and formed in clusters attached to the stems1 or in the stem forks4 ,fruits are smooth globular structures1 sometimes remaining on the branches until spring4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,all parts of the plant are poisonous1 even the tiny plant hairs and the smoke from burning the leaves in the fall4 ,this plant produces a severe dermatitis upon contact causing inflammation1 blistering1 and vesicles4 ,as the skin breaks1 a liquid exudes and scabs or crusts form4 ,the poisonous principle is a reddish-brown1 oil-resin containing urushiol4 ,this can produce irritant effects within #bd hours upon contact with the skin4 ,antidotes3 ,numerous remedies are available in pharmacies for poison-ivy4 ,after contact1 or suspected contact1 hands1 face1 and affected parts should be first washed freely with soapy water using laundry soap of the alkali kind2 lather abundantly4 ,soaps containing oil or greasy components should not be used4 ,the poison is soluble in them and will spread over the skin4 ,in severe or persistent cases of dermatitis1 consult your physician4 ,physicians treat itching1 severe inflammation1 and pain when dermatitis becomes evident4 ,,pokeweed ,illustration3 ,pokeweed1 pigeonberry1 ,american nightshade1 ink berries1 scoke ,phytolacca americana1 ,p4 decundra--,,phytolaccaeae ,description3 ,a perennial weed1 growing up to about #d feet1 with a large fleshy root system4 ,stems are rather thick and leaves have a light green appearance with prominent ribs 7veins7 and somewhat curled edges4 ,flowers are greenish-white and borne on a spike in the upper part of the plant4 ,as the many berries form in clusters in late summer and early autumn1 they are at first green then reddish-purple1 later purple to black1 and contain a red juice which has also given the plant the name red-ink plant4 ,birds frequently feed on them4 ,the plant is found in many areas4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,all parts are poisonous1 particularly roots1 shoots1 and unripe berries4 ,as the berries ripen1 their poisonous properties lessen but1 nevertheless1 if many are eaten1 they too can be harmful4 ,toxic materials include a resinous material and a water-soluble saponin4 ,no alkaloid has as yet been found in pokeweed4 ,poisoning generally is slow 7#a to #b hours7 after ingesting the plant but then becomes violent for a long time4 ,following a period of nausea and vomiting1 drowsiness and impaired vision results4 ,large amounts can cause purgation and narcosis followed by coma and death4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and treat for circulatory and respiratory depression4 ,,water ,,hemlock ,illustration3 ,water hemlock1 cowbane1 beaver poison ,cicuta maculata--,,umbelliferae ,description3 ,a perennial herb reaching to #e feet1 or more1 in height and found in swampy or moist areas4 ,at least eight species of ,cicuta are known to be poisonous4 ,as in the ,conium hemlock1 the roots of ,circuta resemble those of the parsnip but in addition1 frequently possess many tuberous rootlets which resemble small sweet potatoes4 ,when cut open1 these yield a yellowish aromatic oil4 ,stems are shiny1 hollow1 and often have purple spots4 ,leaf bases clasp around the stem and the leaves are coarsely divided into smaller leaflets4 ,flowers are white and the small fruits are formed on umbrella-like stalks4 ,each fruit possesses several prominent corky ribs4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,mostly the roots4 ,however1 above ground parts are also very poisonous and should be avoided4 ,the similarity of roots to parsnip and sweet potato has led to accidental poisoning in children and adults4 ,the poison principle is a resin-like substance called cicutoxin and a small quantity of this can cause death4 ,poisoning is characterized by severe stomach pain1 great mental excitation and frenzy1 vomiting1 and frothing at the mouth4 ,the frothing can be at times bloody4 ,breathing becomes irregular followed by convulsions and death in a short time4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform stomach lavage before the contents of the plant are absorbed1 treat for pierotoxin poisoning since cicutoxin is related to it4 ,this includes a judicious use of barbiturates and morphine4 ,,yew ,illustration3 ,yew1 groundhemlock ,taxus canadensis1 ,taxus baccata--,,taxaceae ,description3 ,the yew1 also known as ,english1 ,irish1 and ,american yew1 is an evergreen tree or shrub often used as a hedge and found growing in many gardens or as a decorative plant around homes4 ,its fruits are bright red fleshy 8berries0 borne on the twigs and they frequently attract children4 ,a large hole sometimes appearing in their ends gives an appearance of a deep red cup4 ,poisonous ,parts3 ,all parts of the yew are poisonous4 ,fortunately the red fruits are the least harmful1 although if large quantities are consumed these too can cause harm4 ,poisoning may result in nausea1 vomiting1 diarrhea1 abdominal pain1 circulatory failure1 and difficulty in breathing4 ,the poisonous principle includes taxine1 an alkaloid which depresses the heart function4 ,antidote3 ,call your doctor4 ,have patient vomit4 ,physicians perform gastric lavage and treat for circulatory failure and alkaloid poisoning4 ,,poison ,,control ,,centers ,,in ,,new ,,england ,city ,address ,telephone ,,connecticut ,bridgeport ,bridgeport ,hospital1 ,e,dison #d-jaca4 #bfg ,grant ,street4 ,st4 ,vincent's ,hospital1 ,f,orest #f-cfja4 #bhbj ,main ,street4 ,danbury ,danbury ,hospital1 #gdd-bcjj4 #ie ,locust ,avenue4 ,hartford ,st4 ,francis ,hospital1 #bdi-hbha4 #aad ,woodland ,street4 ,state ,department of ,health1#a #ebg-fcda1 ext4 #def4 ,state ,office ,building4 ,middletown ,middlesex ,memorial ,hospital1 ,d,iamond #g-beca4 #bh ,crescent ,street4 ,new ,britain ,new ,britain ,general ,hospital1 ,b,aldwin #c-bgfa4 #ib ,grand ,street4 ,new ,haven ,hospital of ,st4 ,raphael1 ,s,pruce #g-feha4 #adej ,chapel ,street4 ,norwalk ,norwalk ,hospital1 #hch-cfaa1 ext4 #bid4 #bd ,stevens ,street4 ,stamford ,stamford ,hospital1 #cbg-abcd4 #aij ,west ,broad ,street4 ,waterbury ,st4 ,mary's ,hospital1 #gef-hcea4 #ef ,franklin ,street4 ,,maine ,togus ,veterans ,administration ,m,ayfair #c-hdaa4 ,center#b ,,massachusetts ,boston ,children's ,medical ,center1#c ,b,eacon #b-babj4 #cjj ,longwood ,avenue4 ,fall ,river ,union ,hospital1 #cjj ,hanover ,o,sborne #i-fdje or ,street4 ,o,sborne #d-eghi4 ,new ,bedford ,st4 ,luke's ,hospital1 ,w,yman #f-fgaa1 #aja ,page ,street4 ext4 #bge4 ,springfield ,mercy ,hospital1 ,s,tate #h-gcba4 #bcc ,carew ,street4 ,springfield ,hospital1 ,s,tate #h-deha4 #gei ,chestnut ,street4 ,wesson ,memorial ,hospital1 ,s,tate #e-abda4 #adj ,high ,street4 ,worcester ,worcester ,city ,hospital1 ,s,wift #i-gjid #ga ,jacques ,street4 7,center72 ,p,leasant #f-aeea 7,hospital74 ,,new ,,hampshire ,hanover ,mary ,hitchcock ,memorial #fdc-djjj4 ,hospital1#d #b ,maynard ,street4 ,,rhode ,,island ,kingston ,college of ,pharmacy1#e ,day phone3 ,through ,university of ,rhode ,island ,narragansett #ghi-icaa ,x #gfc1 #gge4 ,night phone3 #ghi-fbcg #ghc-gaeb4 ,pawtucket ,memorial ,hospital1 ,p,awtucket #b-fjjj4 ,prospect ,street4 ,providence ,rhode ,island ,hospital1 ,d,exter #a-dagd4 #eic ,eddy ,street4 #a ,informational services only4 #b ,informational services only4 #c ,informational services only4 #d ,informational services only4 #e ,informational services only4 ,,plant ,,index ,page ,aconitum napellus1 #ae ,actaea rubra1 ,a4 alba1 #b ,amanita muscaria1 #a ,amanita phalloides1 #a ,angel's trumpet1 #ab ,atropa belladonna1 #h ,baneberry1 #b ,beaver poison1 #ai ,bittersweet1 #c ,black cherry1 #h ,bloodroot1 #d ,boletus1 #a ,cannabis sativa1 #aa ,castor bean1 #e ,castor-oil-plant1 #e ,christmas rose1 #f ,cicuta maculata1 #ai ,clitocybe illudens1 #a ,conium maculatum1 #af ,convallaria majalis1 #ad ,coprinus comatus1 #a ,cowbane1 #ai ,daphne mezereum1 #g ,datura stramonium1 ,d4 tatula1 #ab ,death cup1 mushroom1 #a ,delphinium ajacis1 #ac ,digitalis purpurea1 #i ,fly agaric1 #a ,foxglove1 #i ,friar's cap1 #ae ,hellebore1 black1 #f ,hellebore1 false or green1 #aj ,helleborus niger1 #f ,hemlock1 ground1 #bj ,hemlock1 poison1 #af ,hemlock1 water1 #ai ,indian hemp1 #aa ,indian poke1 #aj ,ink berries1 #ah ,jack-o'-lantern1 mushroom1 #a ,jamestown weed1 #ab ,jimson weed1 #ab ,knight's spur1 #ac ,lark's claw1 #ac ,larkspur1 #ac ,lily-of-the-valley1 #ad ,marihuana1 ,marijuana1 #aa ,monkshood1 #ae ,mushroom1 #a ,nightshade1 ,american1 #ah ,nightshade1 black1 blue1 woody1 #c ,nightshade1 deadly1 #h ,palma christi1 #e ,phytolacca americana1 ,p4 decandra1 #ah ,pigeonberry1 #ah ,poisonberry1 #c ,poison-ivy or oak1 #ag ,poison-parsley1 #af ,pokeweed1 #ah ,red-ink plant1 #ah ,rhus toxicodendron1 #ag ,ricinus communis1 #e ,russula1 #a ,sanguinaria canadensis1 #d ,scoke1 #ah ,shaggy mane1 mushroom1 #a ,snakeberry1 #b ,solanum dulcamara1 ,s4 nigrum1 #c ,spurge olive1 #g ,taxus baccata1 ,t4 canadensis1 #bj ,thornapple1 #ab ,veratrum viride1 #aj ,water hemlock1 #ai ,wolfsbane1 #ae ,yew1 #bj