,,essays ,,& ,,soliloquies ,,borzoi ,,translations ,,spr+ #aibe ,,f ,,! ,,spani% ,,figures ,,( ,,! ,,passion ,,( ,,our ,,"l ,,by ,,gabriel ,,miro ,translat$ by ,c4 ,j4 ,hog>? ,,f ,,! ,,fr5* ,,! ,,mod]n ,,engli% ,,novel ,,by ,,abel ,,*evalley ,translat$ by ,b5 ,ray ,r$man ,,f ,,! ,,g]man ,,dea? ,,9 ,,v5ice ,,by ,,?omas ,,mann ,translat$ by ,k5ne? ,burke ,,f ,,! ,,russian ,,! ,,clock ,,by ,,aleksei ,,remizov ,translat$ by ,john ,c\rnos ,,tales ,,( ,,! ,,wild]ness ,,by ,,boris ,,pilniak ,translat$ by ,f4 ,o',dempsey ,,f ,,! ,,norwegian ,,segelfoss ,,t[n ,,by ,,knut ,,hamsun ,translat$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,scott ,,f ,,! ,,poli% ,,! ,,peasants ,,by ,,ladislas ,,reymont ,translat$ by ,mi*ael ,h4 ,dziewicki ,illu/ration ,,miguel ,,de ,,unamuno ,,essays ,,& ,,soliloquies ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,spani% ,,) ,,an ,,introductory ,,essay ,,by ,j4 ,e4 ,,craw=d ,,flit* ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,alfr$ ,a ,,knopf #aibe ,,copyright1 #aibd1 ,,by ,,alfr$ ,a4 ,,knopf1 ,,inc4 ,,set ,,up1 ,,electrotyp$1 ,,pr9t$ ,,& ,,b\nd ,,by ,,! ,,vail-,,ball\ ,,press1 ,,b+hamton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,esp>to ,,pap] ,,manufactur$ ,,9 ,,scotl& ,,& ,,furni%$ ,,by ,w4,f4 ,,e!r+ton ,,co41 ,,new ,,york4 ,,manufactur$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,erratum ,! two p>agraphs on pages #ajj-aja beg9n+3 ,9 8,! ,tragic ,s5se ( ,life0 ,unamuno says &3 ,read]s ( ,don ,quixote w recall are a cont9uation ( ! footnote on page #ii4 ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,i am writ+ ^! l9es1 to-day ! #f? ( ,june1 #aibd1 9 ?is isl& ( ,fu]tev5tura1 an isl& t is propiti\s to calm ?9k+ & to a lay+ b>e ( ! s\l1 ev5 z ?is p>*$ l& is b>e1 b>e ev5 to ! bone4 ,"h ,i h be5 conf9$ n[ = ne>ly ?ree mon?s1 no reason = my conf9em5t hav+ be5 giv5 o!r ?an ! arbitr>y m&ate ( ! milit>y p[] t is de-civiliz+ & debas+ my native c\ntry4 ,hi!r came my fri5d ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,craw=d ,flit* to be> me company4 ,he 0 entru/$ by ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,a4 ,knopf ) ! task ( mak+ an an?ology or florilegium ( my %ort] articles & extracts f my m ext5sive writ+s :i* %\ld pres5t a conspectus ( my :ole lit]>y "w4 ,x is he1 my fri5d & translator1 :o is responsible = ! selection ( ! pieces :i* =m ?is an?ology4 ,i am 9 pr9ciple an enemy ( all su* selections or an?ologies ( an au?or's works1 & ! m s :5 ! au?or's influ5ce is due prim>ily n s mu* to 8 ideas z to ! passionate tone & ge/ure ) :i* he expresses !m1 to 8 /yle4 ,?is "w ( selection appe>s to me to be z difficult z w\ld be t ( abridg+ a sonata or a picture4 ,& :at appe>s to me almo/ impossible is t ! au?or himself %\ld make ! selection4 ,x is n possible = u to see ourselves f ! outside1 to become "p ( our public4 ,9 any case1 a "w l ?is is a k9d ( index or catalogue1 & its *ief utility is to incite 9 ! public a desire to get to "k ! au?or bett]4 ,x is1 to put x bluntly1 9 ! nature ( an adv]tisem5t4 ,collections ( select$ writ+s are mo/ valuable :5 ! *ief importance ( an au?or lies 9 8 ideology1 :i* may or may n be weld$ into a sy/em2 !y are less valuable :5 he is di/+ui%$ n s mu* by 8 ideas z by ! w>m images :i* inc>nate !m4 ,x is relatively easy to give a summ>y ( an au?or :5 we are ask$3 8,:at does he say80 b n s easy :5 ! "q to be answ]$ is3 8,h[ does he say x80 ,t is to say1 x is possible to abridge a philosophic sy/em1 b n a poem4 ,9 ! poem1 t :i* we call ! argum5t is ! mo/ ext]nal elem5t ( its =m1 & its ess5ce1 ! ess5ce ( ! poem1 is ! rhy?m1 ! aroma ( ! words1 ! /yle4 ,rhy?m may give bir? to argum5t or subject1 b subject does n always give bir? to rhy?m4 ,9 select+ ^! pieces--torsos1 arms & heads ( /atu>y--my fri5d ! translator has be5 guid$ by an arti/ic r ?an by a philosophical or ideological crit]ion1 & = ?is ,i am grateful to him4 ,& :5 ,i say t ,i am grateful to him1 ,i mean t 9 ?is way he has be/ s]v$ ! public t seeks to "k me--me1 ! man1 & n a sy/em1 = ,i h no sy/em4 ,l ,walt ,:itman ,i w\ld say ( ea* "o ( my works3 8,?is is n a book1 x is a man40 ,x is comp>atively easy1 = example1 to syn!tize ! philosophical sy/em ( ,desc>tes1 or t ( ,kant1 or t ( ,hegel1 or t ( ,comte1 or1 /ill m s1 t ( ,sp5c]2 b x is n easy to syn!tize ,goe! or ,nietzs*e1 9 bo? ( :om is a lat5t philosophy4 ,& /ill less s to syn!tize ,dante1 ,milton1 ,c]vantes1 ,%akespe>e4 ,& x has n be5 ! object ( my translator to pres5t a summ>y ( an ideology b to give an impression ( a _s4 ,to elucidate ?is po9t /ill fur!r w\ld lead u into an intricate exam9ation ( ! relations :i* subsi/ betwe5 a man & 8 "w1 & to inquire :e!r ! man makes ! "w or ! "w makes ! man or :e!r ea* makes ! o!r at ! same "t4 ,! man makes himself 9 mak+ 8 "w & ! "w makes itself 9 mak+ ! man4 ,! ,creation makes ,god ! ,creator1 & ,god ! ,creator makes ! ,creation1 ! ,univ]se4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/rictly speak+1 is n e translation 9 effect a new & orig9al "w8 ,9 be+ turn$ into ,engli%1 h[ev] fai?ful ! translator may be1 %all ,i n say some?+ diff]5t f :at ,i h said 9 ,spani%8 ,does a song say ! same :5 play$ on ! viol91 ! flute1 ! h>p1 ! bassoon8 ,is a sonata ! same :5 play$ on ! piano & ! organ8 ,i "k t :5 ,i h read my writ+s translat$ into ano!r language ,i h be5 aw>e ( e*oes & rev]b]ations :i* lay sleep+ 9 ! dep?s ( my _s1 ,i h glimps$ horizons :i* ! firm & sev]e cont\rs ( my native tongue did n p]mit me to see4 ,& ,i h sometimes ?\ght ( mak+ a new "w bas$ ^u a retranslation ( ! translation4 ,among ^! essays is "o ^u ! religion ( ,quixotism4 ,hi!rto ,i h be5 m$itat+ & p]haps dogmatiz+ ^u ?is religion--n[ ,i am liv+ x4 ,= x is "h1 :]e ! waves murmur tid+s ( my native %ores1 ! m\nta9\s coa/ ( ! wild ,bay ( ,biscay1 x is "h t ,i h felt mo/ deeply all ! melan*oly gr&eur ( ! ridicul\s passion ( ! ,knight ( ! impossible ,*im]a4 ,:ile ! c[>dly comic-op]a tyrants :o h bani%$ me "h are di%on\r+ our ,spa91 h] :om !y call _! "m1 ,i am exalt+ & et]naliz+ h]1 & ,i call h] my daught]4 ,!re is a fam\s ,spani% c\plet :i* says t !re is no h&ful ( e>? )\t a ,spani% grave-- ,no hay un puado de ti]ra ,s9 una tumba espaola1 & x w\ld seem t ^! unhappy rul]s wi% to ext5d ! national gravey>d4 ,& ,i propose t !re %all be no corn] ( heav5 )\t a ne/ ( ,spani% ?\ght4 ,ne/s ( ,spani% ?\ght are ! pieces :i* compose ?is book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[ ,i return to contemplate ! sea1 to fe$ my _s ^u x1 to wat* its :ite-cre/$ waves :i* are born & die & succe$ "o ano!r l ! g5]ations ( m5 & ( m5's works 9 ! sea ( hi/ory4 ,i return to contemplate ! all-consol+ sea :i* smiles1 ) its sup]human smile1 ^u our tragic human frailties4 ,greet+6 my read]s ( ! ,engli%-speak+ _w4 ,& :51 hav+ read ?is book1 y wi% me f>ewell1 may y c>ry ) y some?+ ( ! quixotesque passion :i* ,i h put into my "w & :i* is ! life ( my life4 ,,miguel ,,de ,,unamuno4 ,fu]tev5tura1 ,june #f1 #aibd4 ,,cont5ts ,au?or's ,preface xii ,introduction #c ,! ,_s ( ,ca/ile #cj ,spani% ,individualism #ch ,"s ,arbitr>y ,reflections ^u ,europeanization #eb ,! ,spani% ,*ri/ #gf ,! ,sepul*re ( ,don ,quixote #hb ,! ,helmet ( ,mambr9o #ii ,don ,quixote's ,niece #ajh ,! ,religion ( ,quixotism #aac ,l>ge & ,small ,t[ns #abe ,to ,my ,read]s #acc ,soliloquies #adb ,my ,religion #aed ,solitude #afc ,intellectuality & ,spirituality #agj ,! ,mat]ialism ( ! ,masses #aij ,! ,man ( ,fle% & ,bone #aie ,! ,problem ( ,immortality #bje ,creative ,fai? #bag ,! ,song ( ! ,et]nal ,wat]s #bbf ,! ,t[] ( ,mont]rey #bcc ,app5dix #bda ,bibliography #bdc ,,essays ,,& ,,soliloquies ,,introduction ,no writ] ev] /ood less 9 ne$ ( an introduction ?an ,miguel de ,unamuno1 = probably none ev] reveal$ himself s naturally & s nak$ly 9 8 writ+s4 ,! id5tity betwe5 ! au?or & ! man is absolute4 ,he has a way ( putt+ ! :ole ( himself into all t he writes s t to read him is n m]ely to le>n 8 views z a philosoph] or a publici/1 b to "k 8 loves & hates1 8 hopes & despairs1 z a man ( fle% & bone4 ,8 me?od ( communicat+ 8 message is n to address an audi5ce f ! elevation ( ! pulpit or ! plat=m1 b to acco/ ! individual face to face1 to grasp him w>mly by ! h&1 to look him full 9 ! eyes & tell him :at is 9 8 he>t4 ,! task ( ! introduc] !re=e may be re/rict$ to prefix+ to ! intimacy s imm$iately e/abli%$ betwe5 read] & au?or "s few notes relative to ! latt]'s hi/ory & ! backgr\nd aga9/ :i* he pres5ts himself4 ,! det]m9+ ev5ts 9 8 outw>d biography are soon told4 ,miguel de ,unamuno y ,jugo 0 born 9 ,bilbao on ,septemb] #bi1 #ahfd4 ,al?\gh he comes ( pure ,basque /ock1 ,unamuno's "m-tongue 0 ,ca/ilian1 a fact :i* precludes ! supposition t ! idiosyncrasies ( 8 /yle are to be attribut$ to an e>ly famili>ity ) ! ,basque spee*4 ,8 fa!r1 :o _h sp5t mo/ ( 8 life 9 ,mexico1 di$ 9 #ahgj4 ,f\r ye>s lat] ,bilbao 0 besieg$ & bomb>d$ by ! ,c>li/ troops1 ! fir/ %ell fall+ only a few h\ses away f t 9 :i* 8 family 0 liv+4 ,! ev5ts ( ! siege naturally made a lively impression ^u ! m9d ( ! t5-ye>-old boy4 ,at ! fir/ s\nd ( ! horns bl[n to give w>n+ ( ! r5ewal ( ! bomb>dm5t1 ! family took %elt] ) ! neighb\rs 9 ! cell>s1 f :i* ! y\ng/]s salli$ =? to collect ! /ill burn+ fragm5ts ( ! %ells4 ,! s*ools 7 clos$ & ! :ole t[n became an ext5d$ playgr\nd1 (f]+ to ! idle s*oolboys ! novel lib]ty ( clamb]+ ab\t ro(less *ur*es & conduct+ m9iature bomb>dm5ts ( ru9$ h\ses ) projectiles ga!r$ f ! debris4 ,?is excit+ holiday 0 t]m9at$ by ! entry ( ! lib]at+ troops on ,may #b1 #ahgd4 ,^! p]sonal exp]i5ces ( ,spa9's la/ civil w> provid$ ,unamuno ) a backgr\nd = 8 fir/ novel1 ,paz en la ,gu]ra4 ,! religi\s atmosph]e ( ,unamuno's home 0 t ( a ,ca?olicism ^: traditions ( simple & he>t-felt piety bore a c]ta9 aff9ity to ^? ( ,anglo-,saxon ,quak]ism4 ,! y\?ful ,miguel 0 a memb] ( ! guild or ,congregacin ( ,san ,luis ,gonzaga & on ! fea/ ( ,corpus ,*ri/i us$ to walk 9 procession ?r\gh ! /reets ) light$ c&le 9 8 h& & ! m$al ( ! ord] susp5d$ ^u 8 brea/4 ,ab\t ! age ( f\rte5 he pass$ ?r\gh t phase ( spiritual f]m5t :i* usually *>act]izes ! entrance ( ! s\l into pub]ty1 a p]iod ( vague aspirations t[>ds sanctity m+l$ ) ! romanticism eng5d]$ 9 a lively imag9ation by ! read+ ( ,ossian4 ,?is religi\s ,s*wrm]ei1 h[ev]1 0 temp]$ by ! c\rse ( philosophy prescrib$ by 8 /udy = 8 baccalaureate4 ,introduc$ ?r\gh ! read+ ( ! ,catalan philosoph] ,balmes to ! works ( ,desc>tes1 ,kant & ,hegel1 he at once plung$ into ! v]tigo ( metaphysics & proce$$ to elaborate & transcribe into a twop5ny note-book a philosophical sy/em ( 8 own1 8v symmetrical & bri/l+ ) =mulas40 ,9 #ahhj ,unamuno w5t to ,madrid to cont9ue 8 /udies4 ,passionately atta*$ to 8 native ,bilbao & ! wild m\nta9 c\ntry 9 :i* all 8 y\?ful summ]s _h be5 pass$1 ,unamuno has relat$ h[ he ent]$ ,madrid ) te>s 9 8 eyes4 ,8 _s nev] became acclimat$ to ! atmosph]e ( ! capital & ! ye>s :i* he sp5t !re 7 r5d]$ unhappy by 8 s5se ( isolation & home-sickness1 preoccupations ) ill heal?1 intellectual /ra9 & acute spiritual crises4 ,hav+ tak5 8 doctor's degree 9 philosophy & lett]s1 he pres5t$ himself z a c&idate = a pr(essor%ip1 fir/ 9 psy*ology1 logic & e?ics1 & !n 9 metaphysics2 b no d\bt ow+ to a c]ta9 uncompromis+ indep5d5ce ( m9d & contempt ( ! conv5tional curriculum1 he fail$ to obta9 ! suffrages ( ! exam9]s4 ,aft] two fur!r unsuccessful attempts to obta9 a *air 9 ,lat91 he 0 f9ally appo9t$ to a pr(essor%ip 9 ,greek by a bo>d presid$ ov] by ! fam\s s*ol> ,m55dez y ,pelayo4 ,aft] return+ to ,bilbao1 :]e he m>ri$1 he took up 8 resid5ce 9 ,salamanca 9 #ahia4 ,!re he conduct$ two c\rses ( lectures1 "o on ,greek lit]ature1 ! o!r on ! evolution ( ! ,ca/ilian language1 & n9e ye>s lat]1 9 #aijj1 he 0 appo9t$ to ! ,rector%ip ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,unamuno has always be5 possess$ ( a =midable capacity = "w4 ,8 s*ola/ic activities1 8 adm9i/rative duties z head ( ! ,univ]sity1 8 p>ticipation 9 municipal affairs1 absorb$ only a portion ( 8 en]gies4 ,an omnivor\s read]1 he is famili> n only ) ! cultures ( ! anci5t _w b ) all ! mod]n lit]atures ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 mo/ ( :i* 8 ext5sive k ( languages has enabl$ him to read 9 ! orig9al4 ,b ! f]tility ( 8 m9d & _s manife/$ itself above all 9 a cont9ual /ream ( creative "w1 tak+ ! manifold =ms ( essays1 poetry1 novels1 criticism & philosophy4 ,8 c>e] z a publici/ co9cid$ ) ! p]iod foll[+ ,spa9's disa/r\s w> ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dur+ :i* ! =tunes ( 8 c\ntry appe>$ to be at _! l[e/ ebb4 ,unamuno at once took a =emo/ place 9 t gr\p ( writ]s & public m51 kn[n z 8! g5]ation ( '#ih10 :o 7 preoccupi$ ) ! problem ( national reg5]ation4 ,:]eas ! majority ( ! reg5]ationi/s1 h[ev]1 po9t$ to 8mod]nization0 & 8,europeanization0 z ! only possible pa? lead+ to mat]ial & cultural progress1 ,unamuno advocat$ a return to ! et]nal tradition ( ,spa9 & held t a spiritual r5aissance 0 ! necess>y pre-condition ( h] re/oration z a _w-p[]4 ,x 0 impossible = a man ) s deep & intimate a love = 8 c\ntry to conf9e himself to ! publication ( g5]al encyclicals f a pr(essorial & n to /ep d[n into ! /ormy ar5a ( practical politics4 ,)\t id5tify+ himself ) any "o ( ! (ficial political p>ties1 ,unamuno conduct$ a p]sonal & indep5d5t campaign by means ( newspap] articles & public addresses1 frankly & fe>lessly d5\nc+ abuses & corruption :]ev] he disc]n$ !m1 :e!r display$ 9 ! acts ( rul]s or inh]5t 9 ! gov]nm5tal sy/em ( ! c\ntry4 ,su* outspok5 criticism f "o :o held 8 appo9tm5t f ! /ate sav\r$ too mu*1 to ! gov]nm5t ( ! day1 ( insubord9ation & 0 reprov$ accord+ly by 8 removal f ! (fice ( ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,salamanca4 ,"s "t aft]w>d1 9 virtue ( two articles :i* he publi%$ 9 a ,val5cia newspap]1 ! ex-,rector 0 deem$ to h contrav5$ ! law ( lse-maje/1 = :i* (f5ce he 0 =mally condemn$ by ! c\rts to a p]iod ( sixte5 ye>s' imprisonm5t4 ,! s5t5ce1 :i* 0 ( c\rse nev] int5d$ to be c>ri$ out1 0 subsequ5tly annull$ by ! royal grant ( p>don4 ,! c\p d'tat ( ,septemb]1 #aibc1 by :i* ,g5]al ,primo de ,riv]a susp5d$ ! con/itution & e/abli%$ ! ,milit>y ,directory1 naturally ar\s$ ,unamuno's vehem5t prote/ation4 ,lib]ty ( spee*1 h[ev]1 =m$ no "p ( ! program ( ! new rgime & ! ,dictator1 disp5s+ ) ! cu/om>y civil processes ( writ1 trial & judgm5t1 repli$ by an arbitr>y decree ( deportation4 ,on ,feb4 #ba1 #aibd1 ,unamuno receiv$ notice to prep>e to proce$ )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs "u escort to ,fu]tev5tura1 ! mo/ remote & b>r5 ( ! ,can>y ,isl&s4 ,x is possible t ! au?orities might h be5 will+ to connive at ! flight ( _! captive to ! ,portuguese fronti]1 di/ant only "s eighty miles f ,salamanca2 b ,unamuno refus$ to relieve !m f any ( ! emb>rassm5t :i* ! consequ5ces ( _! action might entail4 ,he pack$ up ! few necess>ies = 8 j\rney1 put a c\ple ( books 9 8 pocket--! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t & ,leop>di's poems--& await$ ! arrival ( ! escort4 ,! news ( ! bani%m5t ( "o ( ,spa9's =emo/ writ]s & patriots 0 receiv$ ) a spontane\s outbur/ ( d5unciation bo? at home & abroad4 ,num]\s c\ncils ( univ]sities & le>n$ societies 9 ,europe & ,am]ica pass$ resolutions ( prote/2 ! newspap] press ( almo/ e c\ntry publi%$ articles by repres5tative lit]>y m5 condemn+ ! action ( ! gov]nm5t & te/ify+ to ! univ]sality ( ! e/eem :i* ,unamuno _h won 9 ! int]national republic ( lett]s4 ,! ,directory 0 compell$ to recognize t ! sole result ( its act ( petty tyranny _h be5 to raise ! pre/ige ( its victim & damage its own4 ,a project = ! rescue ( ! exile 0 secretly organiz$ 9 ,france1 b its fruition 0 =e/all$ by ! publication ( a decree ( amne/y 9 ,july1 #aibd4 ,unamuno emb>k$ on ! sail+-%ip :i* _h be5 dispat*$ = 8 deliv]ance & on arriv+ at ,madeira took %ip to ,*]b\rg4 ,al?\gh free to return to ,spa91 he felt t "u ! pres5t rgime 8 lib]ty ( action w\ld be too mu* circumscrib$ & !re=e pref]r$ to take up 8 resid5ce tempor>ily 9 ,p>is4 ,i ?9k t x 0 9 ! ye> #aiab :5 travell+ 9 ,spa9 t ,i *anc$ to buy a book entitl$ ,mi ,religin y ,otros ,ensayos by ,miguel de ,unamuno4 ,bo? ! book & its au?or 7 !n unk[n to me4 ,be=e ,i _h read _m pages ,i knew t ,i 0 li/5+ to a voice t spoke ) t acc5t ( s9c]ity & intimacy :i* gives ! assurance ( imm$iate contact ) a liv+ man1 a man ( fle% & bone1 a man :o _h suff]$1 despair$1 hop$ & /ruggl$ ) an int5sity t burn$ 9 e ^w4 ,next ye> 0 publi%$ ,del ,s5timi5to ,trgico de la ,vida1 t passionate record ( ! adv5tures ( ! _s t takes its place ) ! self-revelations ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,pascal1 ,amiel & ,ki]kega>d4 ,i resolv$ t if ,i c\ld accompli% x ?is voice %\ld be he>d 9 ! c\ntries t speak ! ,engli% tongue4 ,! ,w> int]v5$1 & x 0 n until #aibj t ,i f\nd myself 9 ,salamanca ) ! typewritt5 %eets ( ! translation ( 8,! ,tragic ,s5se ( ,life0 ready to be submitt$ to ! au?or = revision4 ,i well rememb] h[1 on ! aft]noon aft] my arrival1 ,i 0 sitt+ 9 a caf on ! ,plaza ,mayor :5 ! door op5$ & my eyes fell ^u ! arre/+ figure ( a man half-way ?r\gh ! fifties1 clad 9 a d\ble-brea/$ blue-s]ge jacket ) a rim ( :ite coll> fall+ ov] a k9d ( cl]ical wai/coat t 0 void ( ! usual triangul> op5+ = ! display ( %irt & necktie1 8 head cr[n$ by a r\nd p>sonical black hat4 ,!re 0 an almo/ aggressive ann\ncem5t ( bluff heal? & en]gy 9 ! erect c>riage ( ! body1 ! al]t set ( ! head on squ>$ %\ld]s1 ! ?ick bru%-l crop ( iron-grey hair1 ! crisp curl ( ! close-trimm$ be>d t emphasiz$ r ?an mask$ ! firm l9es ( ! jaw1 ! ke5 glance beh9d gold-rimm$ spectacles ( eyes t gleam$ bright & br[n l ! eyes ( a bird ( prey4 ,x w\ld h be5 difficult = "o to :om he 0 a /rang] to h guess$ 8 vocation f 8 appe>ance4 ,c]ta9ly nev] 0 philosoph] less sickli$ o'er ) ! pale ca/ ( ?\ght4 ,! tan t bronz$ a sk9 gl[+ ) ! flu% ( heal? seem$ to tell ( a life t 0 sp5t 9 ! air ( ! m\nta9s r ?an 9 ! /udy4 ,x c\ld sc>cely be d\bt$ t ! figure /&+ !re 9 ! doorway 0 t ( a man ( action & a fight]4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! next two mon?s ,i _h ample opportunity to obs]ve ! daily r\t9e ( ,unamuno's life at ,salamanca4 ,an e>ly ris]1 he may be se5 9 ! /reets be=e n9e o'clock on 8 way to ! lecture-room4 ,aft] ! midday comida1 at :i* he usually ab/a9s f bo? w9e & meat1 he is accu/om$ to take 8 c(fee at ! ,circulo ,salmant9o ) a gr\p ( fri5ds ^: ?\ght & convictions are z widely v>y+ z _! occupations--univ]sity pr(essors1 /ud5ts1 doctors1 magi/rates1 writ]s1 poets & m5 ( bus9ess4 ,! q unacademic conv]sation ranges ov] ! :ole gamut ( human int]e/s4 ,:ile ! talk is fl[+ freely or ! argum5t be+ wag$1 ,unamuno--:o1 by ! way1 is a non-smok]--may sometimes be se5 fold+ squ>e %eets ( pap] ) deft f+]s into complicat$ geometrical patt]ns :i* pres5tly gr[ into a/oni%+ly reali/ic %apes ( animals4 ,be=e ! p>ty breaks up1 8 table is n infrequ5tly cov]$ ) a m5ag]ie ( pigs1 jump+ frogs1 vultures & o!r wildf[l1 to ! no small delight ( ! /reet ur*9s ^: noses are flatt5$ aga9/ ! o!r side ( ! wide plate-glass w9d[4 ,?is arte salmat9o1 z its inv5tor calls x1 pres5ts baffl+ con/ructional problems1 ! solutions ( :i* are sometimes ?\ght out ^u ab/ract geometrical pr9ciples 9 ! sleepless wat*es ( ! night4 ,:5 mo/ ( ! memb]s ( ! t]tulia h )drawn ei!r to take _! aft]noon sie/a or resume _! avocations1 ,unamuno sets out = a long walk into ! c\ntry1 accompani$ 9 w9t] by ! few :o are will+ to brave ! icy w9ds t sweep ov] ! treeless tablel& f ! sn[-clad summits ( ! si]ras4 ,dur+ ! walk ! conv]sation is cont9u$ )\t int]mission1 ! p>ty halt+ to =m a circle r\nd ! speak] :5ev] a po9t arises t dem&s special emphasis or elucidation4 ,z ^! po9ts arise at frequ5t int]vals1 a spectacle t mu/ (t5 arre/ ! wond]+ gaze ( ! peasant hurry+ on 8 mule along ! high road to ,salamanca on w9try aft]noons1 is t ( a gr\p ( individuals muffl$ 9 greatcoats & wat]pro(s1 ) coll>s rais$ & hat-brims pull$ d[n 9 a va9 endeav\r to protect t+l+ e>s f ! la%+ flaws ( ra9 & sleet1 ga!r$ r\nd a robu/1 coatless figure1 ) d\ble-brea/$ blue jacket ?r[n op5 to ! bla/1 ^: conc5tration ^u ! subject-matt] ( 8 disc\rse r5d]s him app>5tly oblivi\s ( ! inclem5cy ( ! elem5ts & ! physical discom=t ( 8 auditors4 ,! po9t hav+ be5 elucidat$1 ! p>ty /ruggles on aga9 9 ! tee? ( ! gale1 "s ( its weak] memb]s p]haps hop+ t no fre% dialectical crisis w arise until fur!r ex]cise has re/or$ ! b5umb$ circulation4 ,on days ( /orm or heavy ra91 :5 fa9t-he>t$ disciples %r9k f ! exposure ( ! op5 c\ntry1 ! aft]noon div]sion takes ! =m ( a prom5ade b5ea? ! arcades ( ! ,plaza ,mayor1 p]haps ! f9e/ squ>e ( its k9d 9 ,spa91 into :i* t[>ds ev5+ mo/ ( ! population ( ! city seems to empty itself4 ,! cr[d surges r\nd 9 two oppos+ /reams1 = a "t-hon\r$ cu/om dem&s t ! m5 %all proce$ 9 "o direction & ! wom5 9 ano!r4 ,unamuno div]sifies ! monotony ( ?is prom5ade by a curi\s amusem5t4 ,hav+ ab/ract$ ! crumb f 8 lun*eon roll & knead$ x up into a k9d ( sn[ball1 he manufactures !refrom a supply ( pellets1 & ^!1 dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 walk1 he propels by means ( a dext]\s flick ( ! middle f+] ) deadly accuracy at select$ memb]s ( ! cr[d4 ,:e!r ! pr9ciple ( selection is bas$ ^u fri5dly int]e/ or p]sonal dislike1 or :e!r inde$ !re is any pr9ciple at all1 is a "q t mu/ be left undet]m9$4 ,ab\t dusk he returns home & )draws to 8 /udy1 a spaci\s1 l(ty squ>e room1 ! pla9 work%op ( ! intellectual work]1 furni%$ only ) a l>ge writ+-table1 a few simple *airs1 & cr[d$ book%elves :i* n only surr\nd ! walls b occupy mo/ ( ! floor-space4 ,a brazi] und]nea? ! table emits f its :ite a%es a fa9t w>m? sc>cely p]ceptible to ord9>y s5ses4 ,hav+ refre%$ himself ) a dr9k ( cold wat]1 ,unamuno takes up ! "w 9 h& & writes until ! h\r arrives = ! ev5+ meal ) 8 family4 ,! !atre does n attract him--,i only saw him pres5t once :5 ,ibs5 0 be+ play$--& x is v seldom t a social function keeps him f go+ to b$ betimes4 ,pr(\nd z is 8 atta*m5t to ! city :i* has be5 8 home = ov] ?irty ye>s1 ,unamuno always welcomes an opportunity to escape f /reets & squ>es into ! op5 c\ntry & ! m\nta9s4 ,8 k ( ! ,p59sula1 z 8 books ( travel te/ify1 is bo? wide & intimate4 ,8 visits to ! m di/ant prov9ces are ( c\rse res]v$ = ! vacations1 b dur+ t]m-"t 8 week-ends & ! holidays occurr+ on ! seasonal fea/s are (t5 sp5t 9 ! regions ( ! ,si]ra de ,gr$os & ! ,pea de ,francia4 ,dur+ ^! excursions he t\*es life at a multiplicity ( c5tres & p5etrates into all ! v>i\s social /rata4 ,at e /age ( ! j\rney--at ! railway /ations1 9 ! tra91 at ! local club1 9 ! inn1 9 ! village %op or ! peasant's cottage--he is usually to be se5 at ! c5tre ( a gr\p ( m51 discuss+ local affairs & politics1 inquir+ into ! te*nique ( trades1 saturat+ himself 9 ! atmosph]e ( popul> ?\ght & belief4 ,8 k & love ( ,spa9 are ?us f$ by a famili>ity ) ! inn] life ( ! p1 ! intra-hi/orical life1 z he calls x1 ! life t fl[s by unobs]v$ = ! mo/ "p by politicians & publici/s & nev] agitates ! surface ( hi/ory4 ,a m9or outcome ( ?is contact ) ! p1 & ) ! *>ros or peasants ( ! prov9ce ( ,salamanca 9 p>ticul>1 has be5 ! enri*m5t ( 8 vocabul>y by _m ( ^? pung5t1 expressive & sometimes beautiful words & locutions :i* h long s9ce disappe>$ f lit]>y ,spani% b /ill ab\nd 9 peasant spee*4 ,?is racy idiom ( ! soil (t5 gives a peculi> tang to ,unamuno's writ+4 ,:5 accus$ by ! lit]>y critic1 z n infrequ5tly happ5s1 ( spr9kl+ 8 prose ) words une>!d f ! du/y works ( "s sixte5? or sev5te5?-c5tury au?or1 he w reply t ! s-call$ ar*aisms1 ?\gh possibly unfamili> 9 lit]>y cot]ies1 /ill enjoy a vigor\s life 9 ! spee* ( ! p4 ,x w no d\bt h be5 already ga!r$ t ,unamuno1 l all good ,spani>ds1 delights 9 talk4 ,inde$1 "s ( ^? :o h obs]v$ h[ consid]able a "p ( 8 leisure is sp5t 9 g5]al conv]sation may h wond]$ h[ & :5 he f9ds "t = ! production ( ! l>ge volume ( 8 writ+4 ,! answ] is t mu* ( 8 ?\ght is g5]at$ & %ap$ into =m 9 ! act ( talk+4 ,he has a disreli%1 am\nt+ almo/ to a prejudice1 = writ+ t has n ! vibration & ela/icity ( liv+ spee*1 ! prose ( m5 :o are usually f\nd to be non-talk]s4 8,ideas come ) talk+10 ,i h he>d him say4 8,"o mu/ speak1 "o mu/ h to put "o's ?\ght into words1 "o mu/ he> h[ ! words s\nd spok54 ,writ+ = oneself is n en\gh40 ,x is 9 ! conv]sational enc\nt]1 9 ! face-to-face conflict ( disputants1 9 ! ex]tion to conv9ce an oppon5t1 to unravel a difficulty1 to press home a p]sonal conviction1 t 8 m9d is /rung to its highe/ t5sion1 seizes ^u ! apte/ & ke5e/ words ) an in/9ctive s5se ( _! effective values & wields !m l %>p & fla%+ weapons4 ,return+ to 8 /udy aft] a discussion at ! ,circulo ,salmant9o or an aft]noon's disc\rse on ! w9d-swept heights above ! ,tormes1 he transcribes ) ! spe$ ( dictation ! sub/ance ( 8 argum5t or homily 9 phrases /ill vibrat+ ) ! passion ( ! spok5 ^w4 ,h5ce 8 prose reta9s 9 a degree exceptional ev5 9 ,spani% lit]ature ! qualities ( animat$ talk--rapid1 emphatic1 exclamatory1 elliptical1 disjo9t$1 *>g$ ) intonation & ge/ure4 ,& ?is writt5 talk1 x mu/ be not$1 nev] develops into writt5 oratory1 = x is address$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance n to ! g5]al public b to ! p]sonal int]locutor2 x is ! cont9uation or recapitulation ( talk ) a fri5d1 or ! reply to ! confessions ( a correspond5t1 or sometimes ! commun+ ( ! writ] ) alt] ego4 ,!re are times :5 ! *annel ( writt5 spee* seems to af=d too n>r[ an outlet = ! flood ( passion /orm+ ?r\gh x4 ,unamuno seems to be impati5t ( ! mutism ( ! pr9t$ page1 z if1 l ! writt5 score ( music1 x 7 incomplete lack+ embodim5t 9 s\nd4 ,! writt5 symbols are an inadequate sub/itute = ! bodily pres5ce1 incapable ( convey+ ! conviction1 ! =ce1 ! s5se ( mass1 :i* only ! liv+ organism ) all its full-*>g$ vitality c imp>t4 ,x might ev5 be conjectur$ t = ,unamuno writ+ is aft] all only a pis-all]--he w\ld pref] to talk1 or r he w\ld pref] to disp5se ) words altoge!r & impose himself 9 "s transc5d5tal act ( communion4 ,( "o ( ,goya's pictures1 ! tumultu\s ,?ird ( ,may 9 ! ,prado1 ! ,italian critic ,de ,amicis says3 8,x is ! la/ po9t :i* pa9t+ c rea* be=e be+ transmut$ into action2 hav+ pass$ ?is po9t1 "o ?r[s away ! bru% & seizes ! dagg]40 ,a simil> s5se ( an intol]able /ra9+ ( ! m$ium is sometimes felt 9 read+ ,unamuno4 ,! texture ( language is /ret*$ to ! break+-po9t2 words are contort$ 9 an endeav\r to =ce !m beyond ! limits ( _! capacity2 gramm> & syntax collapse be=e ! ru% ( passionate utt]ance4 ,x is ! pressure & drive ( a :ole p]sonality t seeks to translate itself into words & f9ds 9 ! end t x is untranslatable4 ,! impulse t[>ds action & ! ex]tion ( p]sonal influ5ce :i* =ms "o ( ! dom9ant features ( ,unamuno's "*1 f9ds a consid]able "p ( its expression 9 8 p>ticipation 9 ! public affairs ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he has little pati5ce ) ! view t ! s*ol> or pr(essor ought to /& aside f ! l>g] issues ( ! day 9 ord] to devote all 8 en]gies to p]fect+ himself z a ma*9e = gr9d+ out erudition & culture4 ,inde$1 he consid]s t politics are !mselves an invaluable in/rum5t ( culture1 9 t = l>ge masses ( ! p !y provide ! pr9cipal1 p]haps ! only av5ue ( approa* to a consid]ation ( g5]al ideas4 ,devot+ himself 9 8 political activities prim>ily to ! exposition ( ^! g5]al ideas1 ! basic pr9ciples ( citiz5%ip1 ,unamuno has always ev9c$ a :ole-he>t$ contempt = t preoccupation ) political ma*9]y & an intrigue :i* t5ds to make ! pr(essional politician1 p>ticul>ly p]haps 9 ,spa91 little m ?an an electione]]4 ,unamuno is among ! prophets r ?an ! politicians1 & 8 foll[]s =m n a p>ty b a b& ( disciples4 8,all r\nd ! r+10 he said to me once1 8sit ! spectators4 ,!y applaud or hiss4 ,b d[n 9 ! ar5a1 !re ,i fight alone1 face to face ) ! bull40 ,to ! sugge/ion sometimes express$ by 8 well-wi%]s t he %\ld )draw f ! ar5a 9 ord] to devote himself m exclusively to poetry & philosophy1 ,unamuno w\ld reply t ?is poetry & philosophy are simply ! outcome ( 8 int5se1 en]getic & passionate liv+4 ,if he _h nev] kn[n ! dang]s1 ! ard\rs1 ! hopes & despairs ( battle1 8 poetry might h )]$ = lack ( roots4 ,primum viv]e1 de9de philosop>i--! philosoph] mu/ fir/ live be=e he c philosophize4 ,& ! end ( life1 ,unamuno has said1 is liv+1 n und]/&+4 ,no?+ is m repugnant to 8 _s ?an ! conception ( /hetics embodi$ 9 ! cat*-phrase1 8art = art's sake40 ,! idea t lett]s c be sep>at$ f life & lit]ature produc$ 9 vacuo is inconceivable to "o ^: impulse to write spr+s directly f 8 zeal to affect & m\ld life4 ,unamuno provides yet ano!r corroboration ( ,t*ekov's maxim t all great writ]s h axes to gr9d4 ,if ! object ( ,unamuno's political oppon5ts 9 bani%+ him f ! society ( 8 fell[s to ! ocean-girt des]t ( ,fu]tev5tura 0 to r$uce 8 _s to submission1 !y little knew ! man !y _h to deal )4 ,he has nev] ov]priz$ ! am5ities ( civilization & x is probable t he w\ld h felt mu* m 9 exile if he _h be5 condemn$ to live 9 ! cosmopolitan atmosph]e ( ,t5]ife or ,las ,palmas4 ,! ,can>ies h be5 id5tifi$ ) ! ,=tunate ,isles ( ! anci5t _w1 & ,unamuno rem>k$ humor\sly t ,fu]tev5tura 0 inde$ =tunate among isl&s 9 be+ "o :]e !re 7 no hotels de luxe1 no bull-fights1 no c9emas1 no football1 no boy-sc\ts4 ,b ap>t f its lack ( ! m futile exp$i5ts = kill+ "t1 !re is some?+ 9 ! _s & ev5 9 ! /ructure ( ?is /]n & nak$ isl& t 0 9 h>mony ) ,unamuno's temp]am5t4 ,x is1 z he phras$ x1 n m]ely desnudo b desc>nado1 n m]ely )\t ve/ure b )\t fle%4 ,l a blea*$ skeleton 9 ! sun1 x reveals e articulation ( its /ructure4 ,9 its l&scape ev]y?+ fugitive gives place to :at is endur+ & elem5tal2 x be>s ! impress ( et]nity r ?an ( "t4 ,liv+ 9 ?is au/]e b s]5e ambi5ce1 betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! sea1 ,unamuno f\nd a refre%m5t ( m5tal & spiritual en]gy1 ! activity ( 8 inn] life 0 p]haps nev] m int5se & :at he wrote dur+ 8 f\r mon?s' exile 0 qu>ri$ f ^? deep] /rata ( 8 _s :]e ?\ght & passion lie emb$d$ 9 a s+le matrix4 ,9 ,pu]to de ,cabras1 ! clu/] ( l[ :itewa%$ h\ses t =ms ! pr9cipal port ( ! isl&1 "t fl[$ 9 a tranquil /ream t 0 sc>cely agitat$ by ! weekly arrival ( ! /eam] br++ ! mail1 provisions1 wat]1 & out-(-date newspap]s f ,las ,palmas4 ,= ! saf] cu/ody ( ! exile1 fifty gu>dias civiles _h be5 draft$ to ! isl& & /ation$ 9 c\ples at v>i\s po9ts r\nd ! coa/4 ,e lett] :i* he wrote or receiv$ 0 fir/ op5$ & c5sor$ by police (ficials4 ,9 o!r respects 8 lib]ty ( movem5t )9 ! isl& 0 n int]f]$ ) & he 0 free to visit ! di/ant villages t are sp>sely scatt]$ l oases 9 ! mid/ ( ! /one-/rewn wild]ness ( ext9ct volcanoes4 ,unamuno occupi$ a room ov]look+ ! sea 9 ! pr9cipal fonda ( ! port4 ,he usually rose be=e ! bell ( ! little *ur* on ! o!r side ( ! wide cobbl$ /reet _h rung = six o'clock ,mass1 & sp5t ! morn+ work+ 9 8 b$room or compos+ a sonnet z he pac$ up & d[n ! flat ro(1 b>e-head$ & /ripp$ to ! wai/1 9 ! sun4 ,aft] a frugal lun*--! diet ( ,fu]tev5tura is ( a ,sp>tan simplicity6--he took a sie/a dur+ ! heat ( ! aft]noon & aft]w>d /roll$ along ! rock-b\nd %ore or ! c>ret]a t leads into ! int]ior ( ! isl&4 ,al?\gh ! action c sc>cely h come )9 ! compass ( _! duties1 x 0 n surpris+ to see ! l\ng+ soldi]s spr+ to salute :5 _! prison]1 ) 8 native air ( au?ority & comm&1 pass$ be=e ! b>racks-gate4 ,:5 ! brief twilight fell & ! camels1 return+ f br[s+ on ! scanty scrub1 padd$ ) muffl$ footfall ?r\gh ! d>k5+ /reet1 ,unamuno jo9$ ! circle ( village notables :o 7 wont to assemble nightly on a r[ ( *airs rang$ on ! pavem5t 9 front ( ! g5]al /ore4 ,!n1 until ! t>dy supp] h\r arriv$1 a fl[ ( philosophy1 philology1 p>adox1 travel-lore & political wisdom fell ^u ! a/oni%$ e>s ( ! %opkeep]s & petty (ficials ( ! port4 ,=tunate isl&]s6 ,p]haps !re is no m di/+ui%+ m>k ( greatness ( "* ?an t pati5ce & inn] quietude :i* spr+s f assurance ( ! ultimate efficacy ( ! =ce lat5t )9 ! s\l4 ,no t]m _h be5 fix$ to ,unamuno's bani%m5t2 x might h be5 8 fate1 = all he knew1 to h pass$ ! be/ ( 8 rema9+ ye>s 9 ! isl& wild]ness ( ,fu]tev5tura4 ,b s f> f *af+ at 8 en=c$ isolation & inaction1 he seem$ to be su/a9$ by ! consci\sness t x 0 beyond ! p[] ( circum/ances to prev5t ! "w to :i* he _h set 8 h& f accompli%+ itself4 ,:atev] might happ5 to ! s[]1 ! se$ t _h be5 scatt]$ w\ld g on be>+ fruit4 ,9 ! plans :i* 8 fri5ds _h made = 8 escape he took an uneag] & slightly amus$ int]e/4 ,a po9t 0 fix$ n f> f ! port :]e x 0 arrang$ t betwe5 ! h\rs ( t5 & twelve at night ! exile %\ld await a boat t 0 to c>ry him to a sail+-vessel ly+ some:]e (f ! coa/4 ,ow+ to un=ese5 delays1 ! vessel did n f9ally arrive until aft] ! decree ( bani%m5t _h be5 resc9d$1 & consequ5tly _m nights 7 sp5t 9 fru/rat$ wat*+ b5ea? ! %ad[ ( a ru9$ t[] /&+ on a rocky l$ge by ! %ore4 ,^! summ] nights 7 brea?lessly /ill1 ! bright globe ( ! moon rose up out ( ! sea into a cle> sky ?ickly silv]$ ) />s1 ! unrippl$ surface ( ! wat] /ret*$ betwe5 ! arms ( ! bay l a %eet ( metal4 ,9 ! di/ance ! gre5 h>b\r-light at ! end ( ! /one jetty gleam$ malignly4 ,! only s\nd 0 ! gurgl+ ( ! wat] 9 ! holl[s ( ! rocks4 ,! f> horizon 0 void ( any ve/ige ( a sail4 ,twelve o'clock came & ! fruitless vigil 0 brok5 (f4 ,n :olly fruitless1 p]haps1 = dur+ ^! tranquil h\rs ( wait+ ,unamuno kept a vigil ( ! _s1 ! fruit ( :i* w d\btless appe> :5 ! poems ( 8 exile are made kn[n to ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ! two elem5ts :i* appe> to be comb9$ 9 e philosophy1 ! imp]sonal1 sci5tific inve/igation ( ! nature ( reality & ! p]sonal affective reaction to ! s*eme ( ?+s ?us envisag$1 x is ) ! latt] t ,unamuno's int]e/ is ov]:elm+ly conc]n$4 ,x may be t x is n s mu* ?is attitude t s+ul>izes him z 8 c&id av[al ( x4 ,at any rate1 he himself appe>s to believe t ! imp]sonal me?ods ( philosophy m]ely provide a conceptional framework = ! p]sonal ,weltans*auung ( ! philosoph]4 ,& ! core ( ?is inw>d affective problem mu/ always be1 = ! human philosoph]1 ! relation ( man to ! univ]se4 ,x is ?is po9t :]e philosophy & religion meet 9 consid]+ ! problem ( human de/9y1 t =ms ! burn+ focus ( ! ma9 en]gies ( ,unamuno's ?\ght & passion4 ,:at di/+ui%es ,unamuno f mo/ o!r ?9k]s--& p]haps "o %\ld say 8feel]s0 r ?an ?9k]s--is ! int5sity ( 8 realization & aw>5ess ( 8 own p]sonality1 ( 8 own unique individual be+1 & ! passion ) :i* he desires ! indef9ite p]si/5ce ( ?is be+4 ,?is is ! ma9 gr\nd = ! *>ge ( egoism & egoc5trism t has (t5 be5 levell$ aga9/ him4 ,b s f> f driv+ him to a n>r[ self-c5tr$ individualism1 ?is passion is ! s\rce f :i* spr+s a g5]\s sympa?y ) all humanity4 ,he rightly insi/s ^u ! fact t ! problem ( p]sonal immortality involves t ( ! future ( ! :ole human species4 ,8 passionate conc]n = 8 own de/9y1 8 own salvation1 ,unamuno transf]s to all 8 bro!rs 9 humanity4 ,! salvation ( man1 ! c5tral problem ( all religion1 is ! axis ab\t :i* 8 ?\ght & emotion revolve4 ,b x is salvation 9 :at he und]/&s to be ! ,ca?olic r ?an ! ,prote/ant s5se1 salvation n s mu* f s9 z f dea?1 f annihilation4 ,to a man ( ! mod]n _w1 end[$ ) any special degree ( s5sitiv5ess to 8 own p]sonality1 ?is problem t5ds to become increas+ly acute4 ,! importance ( man's place 9 ! univ]se is se5 to dim9i% 9 direct ratio to 8 k ) reg>d to x4 ,9 ! se>*light ( sci5ce1 ! planet ^u :i* he lives %r9ks to inf9itesimal proportions 9 relation to ! incomm5surable cosmic s*eme2 man takes 8 place no long] z ! "l ( creation b z an app>5tly mean+less by-product ( ! play ( irresponsible & unconsci\s =ces4 ,?is /range effloresc5ce ( human consci\sness 9 an obscure corn] ( ! univ]se w\ld appe> to be a transitory ph5om5on1 re/+ ^u an un/able equilibrium ( natural =ces & de/9$ to vani% completely :5 ! inevitable work+ ( ^! same =ces %all h dissipat$ ! conditions "u :i* life is able to su/a9 itself on ?is planet4 ,?is s5se ( ! doom ( annihilation imp5d+ ov] humanity is l a cl\d loom+ ^u ! horizon ( ,unamuno's consci\sness & ?r[+ a m5ac+ %ad[ ^u ! :ole t]re/rial sc5e4 ,x is ! basis ( 8 tragic s5se ( life4 ,x projects ^u ! scre5 ( 8 m9d t vision :i* s (t5 seems to occupy x1 ! vision ( a _w f9ally ord]$ & catalogu$ by human sci5ce1 ( a civilization p]fect$ aft] ons ( agoniz$ human ef=t1 exi/+ )\t any human or o!r consci\sness left to appropriate x4 ,x may be said t 9 ! contemplation ( ?is vision ! only rational attitude = ! human _s to adopt is t ( resignation to mortality4 ,b ?is c\nsel c only be giv5 by ^? :o are affectively ins5sitive1 & 9 ,unamuno ! w to live & to survive are too imp]i\s to submit to x unprote/+ly4 ,! note ( passionate prote/ r+s 9 8 writ+s4 ,he inscribes ^u 8 page ! *all5ge ( ,snanc\r's ,ob]mann3 8,l'homme e/ prissable4 ,il se peut2 mais prissons en rsi/ant1 et1 si le nant n\s e/ res]v1 ne faisons pas que ce soit une ju/ice40 ,life refuses to abdicate to reason2 betwe5 ! rationali/ic & vitali/ic attitude to exi/5ce !re is an impassable gulf4 ,8 own p]sonal solution is f\nd 9 ! inspiration & en]gy :i* he draws f ?is position ( unc]ta9ty & conflict4 8,i w n make peace betwe5 my he>t & my head10 he cries2 8r let ! "o affirm :at ! o!r d5ies & ! "o d5y :at ! o!r affirms1 & ,i %all live by ?is contradiction40 ,8 8,tragic ,s5se ( ,life10 :i* is ! record ( ! enc\nt] ( 8 _s ) ! problems c5tr+ r\nd ! salvation ( man f dea? & annihilation1 issues 9 ! ass]tion t all virtue is bas$ ^u 8unc]ta9ty1 d\bt1 p]petual wre/l+ ) ! my/]y ( our f9al de/9y1 m5tal despair1 & ! lack ( any solid & /able dogmatic f\ndation40 ,conv]t ,ob]mann's s5t5ce f its negative to a positive =m--8if x is no?+ness t awaits u1 let u s act t x %all be an inju/ice0--& y get 8! firme/ basis ( action = ! man :o _c or w n be a dogmati/40 ,a solution1 p]haps1 b a desp]ate "o4 ,unamuno's conc]n is n only ) ! salvation ( man f no?+ness aft] dea? b also f ! next-to-no?+ness dur+ life into :i* he is plung$ by ! processes ( an inhumane civilization4 ,he is nev] we>y ( affirm+ t man is an end 9 himself1 n a means4 ,he prote/s passionately aga9/ ! sacrifice ( ! individual concrete man ^u ! alt> ( ! ab/ract idea1 :e!r ! ab/raction be t ( ! /ate1 ( society1 ( progress1 ( po/]ity1 or ( humanity itself4 8,!y tell me t ,i am "h to realize ,i "k n :at social end2 b ,i feel t ,i1 l ea* "o ( my fell[s1 am "h to realize myself1 to live40 ,?is individualism1 x mu/ be not$1 has no?+ 9 common ) ! an>*i/'s undiscrim9at+ revolt aga9/ society4 ,nobody realizes m fully ?an ?is *ampion ( individualism t man is a social be+1 & t he c exi/ & gr[ to 8 full /ature only 9 society4 ,b ! po9t :i* he is insi/5t 9 emphasiz+ & :i* s _m social !ori/s appe> to =get is t society exi/s = man1 n man = society4 8,! weak po9t 9 our socialism10 he says1 8is its confus$ notion ( ! supreme end ( ! individual life40 ,he is l$ to "q ! value ( our mod]n civilization--t civilization :i* ,spa9 is told by h] w\ld-be re=m]s t %e ought to assimilate--because x has arriv$ at a po9t at :i* x suppresses r ?an exp&s1 enslaves r ?an lib]ates1 ! life ( ! individual4 ,man becomes exhau/$ ) t5d+ ! ma*9]y ( progress4 ,x is ?is di/ru/ ( ! t5d5cies ( mod]n ,we/]n civilization t causes ,unamuno to turn to ! anci5t1 &--z he is will+ to consid]--,african1 tradition ( 8 own c\ntry4 ,no native re=m] or =eign critic c h said h>d] ?+s ( 8 compatriots ?an ,unamuno4 ,8 essays rev]b]ate ) ! s\nd ( ! la% ) :i* he *a/ises ! besett+ s9s ( ! ,spani>ds ( to-day1 _! s]vitude to ! _s ( r\t9e1 _! intellectual & spiritual in]tia1 _! p>alys+ mutual suspicion & envy1 _! r5unciation ( ! life ( adv5ture & dang]4 ,b ,unamuno di/+ui%es betwe5 ! ,spa9 ( ! pass+ g5]ations & ! ,spa9 ( ! et]nal tradition1 betwe5 ! agitations t give a *ang+ =m to ! surface & ! life t sleeps & dreams 9 ! dep?s ( subconsci\sness4 ,?is dream+1 undy+1 sublim9al ,spa9 is ! ,spa9 ( 8 love & ( 8 fai?4 ,he appeals f ,spani>ds to ,spa94 ,he seeks to awak5 ?is inn] ,spa9 to full consci\sness ( itself4 ,& :5 x awak5s x is possible t ?is ,spa9 may be unable to f9d its expression 9 ! t]ms ( our curr5t civilization4 ,! culture 9 :i* ! intellect & ideals ( ! advance-gu>d ( ! s-call$ ,kulturvlk] naturally clo! !mselves1 becomes an ali5 & ill-fitt+ g>m5t :5 =c$ ^u ! ,ib]ian _s4 ,& p]haps ! secret ( ?is diff]5ce lies 9 ! great] importance 9 ! ,spani% social /ructure ( ! "p play$ by ! concrete individual relatively to ! in/rum5ts ( culture4 8,o!r peoples10 ,unamuno says1 8h left in/itutions1 books--we h left s\ls40 ,8 message to ,spa9 might p]haps be resum$ 9 ,:itman's words3 8,produce great ,p]sons3 ! re/ foll[s40 ,a c>d9al t5et ( ,unamuno's cre$ is ! sup]lative value ( ! individual s\l4 ,x is preci\s because x is unique & irreplaceable3 8,!re _c be any o!r ,i40 ,9 ! :ole _w !re is only "o ,juan ,lpez or ,john ,smi?2 ! p>ticul> +r$i5ts1 good1 bad or indiff]5t1 t h comb9$ to =m ?is unique individuality c nev] aga9 reunite 9 precisely ! same proportions to =m ano!r id5tical comb9ation4 ,?is !ory1 or r ?is s5se1 ( ! uniqu5ess ( p]sonality may s]ve z ! basis = an e?ic4 8,our greate/ endeav\r mu/ be to make ourselves irreplaceable2 to make ! !oretical fact--t ea* "o ( u is unique & irreplaceable--a practical tru?40 ,! :ole duty ( man is to discov] himself1 to discov] 8 own reality1 to discov] :at is unique 9 himself1 to br+ x to ! light1 n to %r9k f expos+ x1 to express x 9 action & to impose x ^u ! _w4 ,! c\rage ( self-affirmation is ! virtue :i* ,unamuno exhorts 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 to a*ieve4 ,he pres5ts a symbol ( x 9 8 vision ( ! ,t[] ( ,mont]rey t lifts itself into ! w9try air above ! br[n ro(s ( 8 belov$ ,salamanca1 def9ite 9 its clean-cut cont\rs1 sure 9 its poise & self-conta9m5t1 s]5ely affirm+ its uniqu5ess & inde/ructibility4 ,x says itself1 & to say himself is ! utmo/ t a man c say4 ,b society1 :i* is ! necess>y m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! individual mu/ express himself1 is a resi/ant m$ium4 ,x seeks to impose con=mity ^u ! individual4 ,x res5ts ! exceptional1 ! idiosyncratic4 ,& ! social canons t circumscribe ! expression ( ! individual's lib]ty ( ?\ght & conduct op]ate p]haps n[h]e m oppressively ?an 9 ,spa94 ,!y d]ive _! sanction l>gely f a s5tim5t by no means peculi> to ,spa9 ?\gh p]haps peculi>ly rampant !re1 ! s5tim5t ( envy1 ! s5se ( bitt]ness & ho/ility t is evok$ by any sali5t excell5ce4 ,& ! *ief weapon :i* envy uses ) :i* to assail ! uniqu5ess ( ! individual is ridicule4 ,! special =m1 !re=e1 ( ! c\rage ( self-affirmation t is dem&$ ( ! h]oic individual is ! c\rage to confront ridicule4 ,?is c\rage f9ds its exempl>y expon5t 9 ! figure ( ,don ,quixote1 :om ,unamuno takes z ! supreme symbol ( ! w>f>e ( ! individual s\l4 ,8 8,comm5t>y ^u ! ,life ( ,don ,quixote & ,panza0 is a cl>ion-call to 8 c\ntrym5 to emulate ! quixotic qualities ( c\rage & fai?--fai?1 ev5 ?\gh x be 9 illusion--! quixotic t5acity ( conviction1 & ! quixotic contempt ( ! /&>ds ( worldly prud5ce & ( ! au?ority ( common s5se & ! cold1 mock+ reason4 ,x mu/ be claim$ = ,unamuno t he is1 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w1 a great humani/4 ,he himself di/+ui%es betwe5 ! true humanism1 :i* he calls ! humanism ( man1 & ! humanism :i* is conc]n$ r ) 8! ?+s ( man0--9 o!r words1 ) culture z x is g5]ally und]/ood4 ,t[>ds ! latt] 8 attitude is t9ctur$ ) suspicion4 ,= him !re is an elem5t ( ! inhumane 9 ! cult ( k = ! sake ( k & 9 ! cult ( sci5ce z a m]e catalogu+ ( exi/5ce4 ,culture mu/ h ref]5ce to "* & p]haps its def9ition z 8! be/ t is kn[n & has be5 ?\ght 9 ! _w0 he w\ld feel to be incomplete )\t ! addition ( 8! be/ t has be5 felt & done40 ,b m]e k & classification ( ! movem5ts ( ! human m9d or ! a*ievem5ts ( human en]gy d n necess>ily ( !mselves t\* ! he>t to f9] issues4 ,! mo/ urg5t ne$1 at any rate z he sees x 9 8 own c\ntry1 is n s mu* = quick5$ intellig5ce z = reawak5$ capacity = feel+ & en?usiasm4 ,by itself sceptical enlight5m5t t5ds to p>alyse action & ! soil ( a *illy intellectualism is n ! mo/ f]tile = ! burgeon+ ( t se$ ( fai? f :i* all fruitful human endeav\r mu/ ultimately spr+4 ,unamuno seeks to g5]ate w>m? ( feel+ z ! necess>y condition ( high a*ievem5t4 8,w>m?1 w>m?1 m w>m?10 he cries1 8= we die ( cold & n ( d>kness4 ,x is n ! night b ! fro/ t kills40 ,culture1 !re=e1 z he und]/&s & c\nsels x1 is n a dry light b an ard5t flame & its purpose is to k9dle 8! mo/ int5se inn] life1 ! life ( int5se/ battle1 ( int5se/ disquietude1 ( int5se/ despair40 ,unamuno has always prote/$ passionately aga9/ any attempt to affix a label to him4 ,if a def9ition ( himself is dem&$ ( him1 he replies t he is 8a man ( contradiction & /rife40 ,! contradictions ( :i* he is ! syn!sis are ^? ( ! ,ca?olic & ! agno/ic1 ! my/ic & ! reali/1 ! vitali/ & ! rationali/1 ! contemplative & ! man ( action1 ! contradictions inh]5t 9 ! man :o f9ds consolation 9 despair & peace 9 conflict4 ,b if he himself is n to be circumscrib$ )9 ! n>r[ limits ( a def9ition1 p]haps ! scope ( 8 aim & a*ievem5t may be mo/ succ9ctly resum$ 9 t description :i* ,giordano ,bruno gave ( himself1 dormitantium anim>um excubitor--an awak5] ( sleep+ s\ls4 ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,ca/ile ,f :atev] po9t y p5etrate into ! ,spani% p59sula1 y w f9d y\rself confront$ almo/ at once by a region ( hills2 y w !n ent] into a labyr9? ( valleys1 gorges & rav9es2 & f9ally1 aft] a long] or %ort] asc5t1 y w em]ge ^u ! c5tral tablel&1 b>r$ by ! nak$ si]ras ^: wide & deep valleys =m ! mighty cradles ( mighty riv]s4 ,across ?is tablel& /ret*es ,ca/ile1 ! l& ( ca/les4 ,l all great expanses ( e>?1 ?is tablel& receives & irradiates heat m quickly ?an ! sea & ! coa/-l&s :i* ! sea refre%es & temp]s4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! sun scor*es x1 an extreme ( heat1 & z soon z ! sun =sakes x1 an extreme ( cold2 burn+ days ( summ] foll[$ by cool fre% nights dur+ :i* ! lungs gratefully inhale ! breeze f ! l&2 freez+ w9t] nights foll[+ h>d ^u days :i* ! bright cold sun 9 its brief diurnal c\rse has fail$ to w>m4 ,w9t]s long & h>d & summ]s %ort & fi]y h giv5 bir? to ! say+1 8nueve meses de invi]no y tres de infi]no0--n9e mon?s ( w9t] & ?ree mon?s ( hell4 ,9 ! autumn1 h[ev]1 !re is a s]5e & placid brea?+-space4 ,! si]ras1 %utt+ out ! w9ds f ! sea1 help to make ! w9t] cold] & ! summ] hott]2 b :ile !y imp$e ! passage ( ! g5tle l[-trail+ cl\ds !y =m no b>ri] to ! viol5t cyclones :i* bur/ among _! valleys4 ,?us long dr\ghts are succe$$ by torr5tial deluges4 ,9 ?is sev]e climate ( oppos+ extremes1 9 :i* ! transition f heat to cold & f dr\ght to flood is s viol5t1 man has inv5t$ ! cloak ) :i* to isolate himself f 8 environm5t1 a p]sonal ambi5ce1 con/ant 9 ! mid/ ( ext]nal *anges1 a def5ce at once aga9/ bo? heat & cold4 ,! great /orms ( ra9 & sn[ bur/+ ^u ^! si]ras & dra9$ !nce by ! swoll5 riv]s h 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies sc\r$ ! soil ( ! tablel&1 & ! succe$+ dr\ghts h prev5t$ ! ret5tion ( ! ra9-wa%$ soil 9 a network ( fre% & robu/ vegetation4 ,?us x is t ! view pres5ts a wide & desolate expanse ( burn+ c\ntry1 )\t foliage & )\t wat]1 a c\ntry 9 :i* a deluge ( light ?r[s d5se %ad[s ^u a dazzl+ surface1 ext+ui%+ all int]m$iate tones4 ,! l&scape is se5 cut out 9 h>d outl9e1 almo/ )\t atmosph]e1 ?r\gh a ?9 & transp>5t air4 ,y may sometimes range ov] leagues & leagues ( des]t c\ntry )\t descry+ any?+ save ! illimitable pla9 ) its pat*es ( gre5 corn or yell[ /ubble1 "h a sp>sely ext5d$ array ( oaks1 m>*+ 9 solemn & monoton\s procession1 clo!d 9 _! au/]e & p]5nial gre51 !re a gr\p ( m\rnful p9es1 hold+ al(t _! uni=m cre/s4 ,n[ & aga91 fr++ a bright riv] or half-dry /ream1 a few popl>s1 seem+ int5sely & vividly alive 9 ! mid/ ( ! inf9ite solitude4 ,z a rule ^! popl>s ann\nce ! pres5ce ( man3 yond] on ! pla9 lies "s village1 scor*$ by ! sun1 bla/$ by ! fro/1 built ( sun-bak$ bricks v (t51 its belfry silh\ett$ aga9/ ! blue ( ! sky4 ,(t5 ! sp9al ridge ( ! si]ra c be se5 9 ! di/ance1 b if y approa* x y mu/ n look to f9d r\nd$ bossy m\nta9s1 fre% ) v]dure & clo!d ) woods1 ) ! yell[ ( ! gorse & ! c>m9e ( ! hea!r fleck+ ! brack54 ,"h is no?+ b a framework ( bony fle%less rock1 bri/l+ ) crags1 %>p-cut hummocks nak$ly display+ dr\ght-crack$ /rata1 cov]$ at mo/ ) a scanty scrub1 :]e fl\ri% only ! h>dy ?i/le & ! nak$ sc5t$ broom1 ! poor g5e/ra cont5ta dei des]ti ( ,leop>di's poem4 ,d[n 9 ! pla9 ! highway ) its fe/oon ( trees loses itself 9 ! greyness ( ! e>?1 :i* k9dles into an int5se w>m r$ :5 ! sun s9ks to re/4 ,! sett+ ( ! sun 9 ^! imm5se solitudes is full ( beauty4 ,! sun dilates z x t\*es ! horizon z if gre$y to enjoy /ill m ( ! e>? & 9 s9k+ x %$s its light ^u x l blood & fills ! sky ) a du/ ( gold4 ,! inf9ite dome ( ! sky gr[s pal] & pal]1 !n swiftly d>k5s1 & ! fleet+ twilight is foll[$ by ! pr(undity ( a night tremul\s ) />s4 ,"h are no nor!rn twilights1 long1 s(t & languor\s4 ,broad is ,ca/ile6 ,& beautiful ) a sad quiet beauty ?is sea ( /one b5ea? its expanse ( sky4 ,x is a l&scape uni=m & monoton\s 9 its contra/s ( light & %ade1 9 its %>ply juxtapos$ & unmodulat$ col\rs4 ,x pres5ts ! appe>ance ( an imm5se floor ( mosaic1 )\t v>iety ( design1 above :i* is spread out a sky ( int5se/ blue4 ,x is lack+ 9 g5tle transitions & its only h>monic cont9uity is t ( ! imm5se pla9 & ! mass$ blue :i* ov]spreads & illum9es x4 ,x is a l&scape t awak5s no voluptu\s s5sations ( joie de vivre1 t inspires no long+s = ease & idl5ess4 ,"h are no lu% gre5 mead[s invit+ indol5t repose1 no dells t beckon l ne/s4 ,its contemplation does n call =? ! sleep+ animal 9 u1 ! animal t delights to dr[se 9 a leafy p>adise1 brood+ ov] ! rememb]$ satisfactions ( ^? appetites :i* h be5 knead$ into ! fle% s9ce ! e>lie/ dawn ( life4 ,nature does n "h recreate ! _s4 ,r x deta*es u f ! l[ e>? & enfolds u 9 ! pure nak$ unv>y+ sky4 ,"h !re is no communion ) nature1 no absorption 9 h] exub]ant spl5d\rs4 ,?is inf9ite l&scape is1 if x may be s said1 nono!i/ic r ?an pan!i/ic4 ,man is n lo/ 9 x s mu* z dim9i%$ by x1 & 9 its imm5se dr\ght he is made aw>e ( ! aridity ( 8 own s\l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! population ( ! ,ca/ilian c\ntry-side is conc5trat$ = ! mo/ "p 9 hamlets1 villages or t[ns1 9 gr\ps ( clu/]$ dwell+-h\ses1 sep>at$ f "o ano!r by imm5se & nak$ solitudes4 ,! villages are compact & %>ply delimit$1 n melt+ away into ! pla9 9 a surr\nd+ fr+e ( isolat$ home/eads1 ! int]v5+ c\ntry be+ entirely unpopulat$4 ,! h\ses seem to cr[d toge!r r\nd ! *ur* z if = w>m? or = def5ce aga9/ ! rig\r ( nature1 z if ! inhabitants s\ght a second cloak 9 :i* to isolate !mselves f ! cruelty ( ! climate & ! melan*oly ( ! l&scape4 ,?us x is t v (t5 ! villag]s h to j\rney consid]able di/ances on mule-back 9 ord] to rea* ! fields :]e !y "w1 "o "h1 ano!r !re1 9 isolation1 & x is already d>k be=e !y return to _! homes to /ret* !mselves on ! h>d kit*5 settles & sleep ! com=t+ sleep ( toil4 ,a notable sight x is to see !m at nightfall1 m\nt$ on _! mules1 _! figures silh\ett$ aga9/ ! pale sky1 _! sad1 sl[1 monoton\s songs dy+ away on ! %>p night air into ! inf9ity ( ! furr[$ pla94 ,:ile ! m5 lab\r 9 ! sweat ( _! br[ on ! h>d l&1 ! wom5folk p]=m _! tasks at home1 fill+ ! sunny arcades 9 front ( ! h\ses ) a murmur ( voices4 ,9 ! long w9t] ev5+s x is usual = ma/]s & s]v+-folk to assemble toge!r1 :ile ! latt] dance to ! accompanim5t ( ! %>p dry tap ( ! tamb\r9e or sometimes to an old ballad measure4 ,g into "o ( ^! villages or dr[s+ cities ( ! pla91 :]e life fl[s sl[ly & calmly 9 a monoton\s procession ( h\rs1 & !re y w f9d ! liv+ s\ls b5ea? ^: transitory exi/5ce lies ! et]nal ess5ce out ( :i* is wov5 ! inn] hi/ory ( ,ca/ile4 ,)9 ^! t[ns & villages lives a bre$ ( m5 ( a dry1 h>d & s9ewy con/itution1 burn$ by ! sun & inur$ by ! cold1 a sob]1 frugal bre$1 ! product ( a long process ( natural selection by se>*+ w9t] fro/s & int]mitt5t p]iods ( sc>city1 temp]$ to )/& ! inclem5cy ( ! skies & ! asp]ities ( p5ury4 ,! peasant :o gave y a grave 8,good day0 z he pass$ by on 8 mule1 huddl$ 9 8 cloak1 w receive y )\t ov]mu* c\rtesy1 ) a k9d ( re/ra9$ sobriety4 ,he is collect$ 9 8 movem5ts1 circumspect & delib]ate 9 8 conv]sation1 ) a gravity :i* gives him ! air ( a de?ron$ k+4 ,su* at any rate he appe>s :5 he is n cunn+ly ironical4 ,?is sly bit+ irony--soc>ron]a1 a racy ^w full ( racy "*--is ! classical =m ( ,ca/ilian hum\r1 a quiet & circumspect hum\r1 s5t5ti\s & phlegmatic1 ! hum\r ( ,sanson ,c>rasco 9 ,don ,quixote & ( ,quev$o1 he :o wrote ! disc\rses ( ,m>cus ,brutus4 ,8 sl[ness is mat*$ by 8 t5acity1 qualities t h an intimate association4 ,8 reaction-int]val1 z ! psy*o-physiologi/s w\ld express x1 is long2 x takes him a consid]able "t to realize an impression or an idea1 b once he has grasp$ x he does n readily rel9qui% x1 does n 9 fact rel9qui% x until ano!r has imp+$ ^u x & driv5 x out4 ,! sl[ness & t5acity ( 8 impressions w\ld appe> to be due to ! lack ( an environ+ & unify+ nimbus1 bl5d+ !m into a conjunctive :ole2 !y d n m]ge into "o ano!r by subtle gradations1 b ea* "o disappe>s completely be=e ! next takes its place4 ,!y seem to foll[ "o ano!r l ! succession ( uni=m & monoton\s tones 9 ! l&scape ( 8 c\ntry1 %>p edge aga9/ %>p edge4 ,g ) him into 8 h\se4 ,on ! front wall ! viol5t contra/ ( /rid5t blue pa9t aga9/ a sn[-:ite backgr\nd expos$ to ! full blaze ( ! sun is almo/ pa9ful to ! eye4 ,sit d[n to table ) him & p>take ( 8 simple d9n]1 prep>$ )\t mu* cul9>y art1 accompani$ only by ke5 & fi]y condim5ts1 a meal t is at once bo? frugal & viol5t1 provid+ ! palate ) %>p-edg$ s5sations4 ,aft] ! d9n]1 if ! day *ances to be a holiday1 y w witness a dance1 a dance sl[ & uni=m1 danc$ to ! monoton\s beat ( drum or tamb\r9e1 a s]ies ( /abb+ s\nds t /rike ^u ! e> l bl[s4 ,& y w he> songs1 wail+ & monoton\s1 full ( long-drawn-out notes1 songs ( ! /eppes1 ) ! rhy?m ( ! dragg+ lab\r ( ! pl\gh 9 !m4 ,!y te/ify to an e> t is incapable ( appreciat+ ! f9] gradations ( cad5ces & semi-tones4 ,if y are 9 a t[n & !re are any pictures !re ( ! old traditional s*ool ( ,ca/ile1 g to see !m--= 9 ! great days ( its expansion ?is race creat$ a s*ool ( reali/ic pa9t+1 ( a rude1 vigor\s1 simplifi$ realism1 v limit$ 9 range ( tone1 :i* has ! effect ( a viol5t d\*e ^u ! vision4 ,p]haps y w come across "s canvas ( ,rib]a or ,zurb>an--y\r eye is held by ! bony =m ( "s au/]e h]mit1 ^: s9ewy muscles are pres5t$ 9 high light aga9/ /rong %ad[s1 a canvas meagre 9 tones & gradations1 9 :i* e object /&s out %>p-edg$4 ,n infrequ5tly ! figures fail to =m a s+le :ole ) ! backgr\nd1 :i* is a m]e accessory ( insignificant decorative value4 ,velazquez1 :o ( all ,ca/ilian pa9t]s possesses mo/ ( ! racial "*1 0 a pa9t] ( m51 ( :ole m51 m5 all ( "o piece1 rude & emphatic1 m5 :o fill ! :ole canvas4 ,y w f9d no l&scape-pa9t]s1 y w discov] no s5se ( tone1 ( suave transition1 no unify+1 envelop+ atmosph]e1 :i* bl5ds ev]y?+ into a s+le h>moni\s :ole4 ,! unity spr+s f ! m or less ar*itectonic disposition ( ! sev]al p>ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is c\ntry ( climatic extremes1 )\t any s(tness or mildness1 ( a l&scape uni=m 9 its contra/s1 ! _s likewise is dry & %>p-edg$1 ) b a meagre ambi5ce ( ideas4 ,x g5]alises ^u raw facts1 se5 9 a discrete s]ies1 z 9 a kaleidoscope1 n ^u a syn!sis or analysis ( facts se5 9 a cont9u\s s]ies1 9 a liv+ /ream2 x sees !m %>p-edg$ l figures 9 ! ,ca/ilian l&scape & x takes !m z !y appe>1 9 _! own dress1 )\t recon/ruct+ !m4 ,& x has giv5 bir? to a h>% popul> realism & to a dry =mal idealism1 m>*+ alongside "o ano!r1 9 an association l t ( ,don ,quixote & ,san*o ,panza1 b nev] comb9+4 ,! ,ca/ilian _s is ei!r ironic or tragic1 sometimes bo? at once1 b x nev] arrives at a fusion ( ! irony & ! au/]e trag$y ( ! human drama4 ,,spani% ,,individualism ,9 few books h ,i f\nd s mu* food = reflection ^u our ,spa9 & u ,spani>ds z 9 ,m>t9 ,a4 ,s4 ,hume's 8,! ,spani% ,p3 ,_! ,orig91 ,gr[? & ,influ5ce40 ,x is writt5 by "o :o kn[s & e/eems u4 ,x impresses u at a fir/ glance z an excell5t comp5dium ( ! hi/ory ( ,spa91 b on clos] exam9ation x is f\nd to be also an excell5t psy*ological /udy ( ! ,spani% p4 ,9 ! t5? *apt] !re is to be not$ a v happy & graphic phrase--8! introspective individuality ( ,spani>ds40 ,& x is inde$ true t we are mu* giv5 to ?is direct contemplation ( ourselves1 a practice :i* is c]ta9ly n ! be/ me?od ( gett+ to "k ourselves1 ( fulfill+ ! precept 8,"k ?yself0 9 its collective & social s5se4 ,introspection is v deceptive & :5 c>ri$ to an extreme produces an actual vacuity ( consci\sness1 l t into :i* ! ,yogi falls ?r\gh p]petual contemplation ( 8 own navel4 ,= a /ate ( consci\sness :i* consi/$ purely & simply ( consci\sness contemplat+ itself w\ld n be a /ate ( consci\sness at all1 be+ void ( all cont5t4 ,?is suppos$ reflection ( ! s\l ^u its own self is an absurdity4 ,to ?9k t "o ?9ks )\t ?9k+ ( any?+ concrete is m]e negation4 ,we le>n to "k ourselves 9 ! same way t we le>n to "k o!rs1 by obs]v+ our actions1 & ! only diff]5ce is t1 z we are always ) ourselves & sc>cely any?+ t we consci\sly d escapes u1 we h m data = kn[+ ourselves ?an we h = kn[+ o!rs4 ,b ev5 s1 we seldom "k all t we are capable ( until we put ourselves to x1 & (t5 we surprise ourselves by a*iev+ some?+ :i* we did n expect ( ourselves4 ,h5ce ! utility ( a p kn[+ its own hi/ory 9 ord] t x may "k itself4 ,& ,hume /udies u 9 our hi/ory4 ,9 "o ( 8 books ! ,am]ican humori/1 ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes1 speaks ( ! ?ree ,johns3 ! ,john z he himself ?9ks he is1 ! ,john z o!rs ?9k he is1 & ! ,john z he is 9 reality4 ,& z = e individual1 s = e p !re are ?ree ,johns4 ,!re is ! ,spani% p z we ,spani>ds believe x to be1 !re is ! ,spani% p z =eign]s believe x to be1 & !re is ! ,spani% p z x really is4 ,x is difficult to say :i* ( ! fir/ two approximates mo/ ne>ly to ! la/2 b x is c]ta9ly "r t we %\ld comp>e !m toge!r & see ourselves bo? f )9 & f )\t4 ,h[ev] mu* we may lam5t ! inju/ice or ! sup]ficiality ( ! judgm5ts t our =eign visitors pron\nce ^u u1 x is possible t we are no less unju/ or sup]ficial 9 our own judgm5t ( ourselves4 ,havelock ,ellis1 9 a book publi%$ n long ago1 8,! ,s\l ( ,spa910 spoke ( ! unity ( our race4 ,spani>ds h g5]ally reg>d$ ?is view z absurd1 b x may v well be t ! diff]5ces t sep>ate ! inhabitants ( ! v>i\s prov9ces ( ,spa9 are no great] ?an ^? :i* exi/ betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ! diff]5t di/ricts ( o!r nations :i* we suppose to be m unifi$ ?an ourselves1 & t our lack ( solid>ity1 our sep>ati/ in/9ct1 our kabylism1 z x is call$1 proce$s f o!r causes ?an f diff]5ces ( race4 ,little notice ne$ be tak5 ( c]ta9 e?nological ass]tions1 n s mu* bas$ ^u sci5tific inve/igation z inspir$ by s5tim5ts :i*1 :e!r cr$itable or n1 furni% no basis = arriv+ at ! tru?4 ,?us1 if a writ] ass]ts t ! ,catalans are ,aryans & all o!r ,spani>ds ,semites1 x is obvi\s t he is us+ ! t]ms ,aryan & ,semite )\t a prop] und]/&+ ( !m2 & z ! di/9ction betwe5 ,catalans & o!r ,spani>ds is "o ( philology r ?an e?nology1 x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k :at language ! ance/ors ( ! pres5t ,catalans spoke be=e ,lat9 p5etrat$ into ,catalua1 = ! supposition t !y are desc5d$ f ,greek coloni/s is too nons5sical to be tak5 s]i\sly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r 9 ?is review ( ,hume's /udy ( ! psy*ology ( ! ,spani% p1 ,i %\ld l to indicate a di/9ction :i* ,i am 9 ! habit ( mak+ betwe5 individuality & p]sonality1 a di/9ction :i* appe>s to me to be ( great importance4 ,all my read]s "k :at is meant by 8individual0 or 8indivisible10 a unity t is di/9ct f o!r unities & n divisible into unities analog\s to x2 & also :at is meant by a p]son4 ,! notion ( p]son ref]s r to ! spiritual cont5t1 & t ( individual to ! conta9+ limit4 ,great individuality1 t :i* sep>ates an individual /rongly & emphatically f o!r analog\s individuals1 may h v little t is peculi> & p]sonal to itself4 ,x might ev5 be said t individuality & p]sonality are 9 a c]ta9 s5se oppos$ to "o ano!r1 al?\gh 9 ano!r wid] & m exact s5se x may be said t !y af=d "o ano!r mutual support4 ,/rong individuality is sc>cely possible )\t a respectable dose ( p]sonality1 nei!r is a /rong & ri* p]sonality possible )\t a consid]able degree ( individuality to hold its v>i\s elem5ts toge!r2 b ! vig\r ( a vigor\s individuality may v easily conta9 only ! m9imum ( p]sonality & ! ri*ness ( a ri* p]sonality may be conta9$ )9 ! m9imum ( individuality4 ,i w endeav\r1 z is my wont1 to make my mean+ cle>] by means ( metaphors4 ,9 gases1 accord+ to ! physici/s1 ! molecules are 9 a c]ta9 /ate ( disassociation1 mov+ rectil9e>ly 9 all directions--x is ?is :i* produces ! ph5om5a ( expansion--a /ate t is *aotic b n 9 reality v complex2 & x is a well-kn[n fact t v complex bodies are n z a rule f\nd 9 a gase\s /ate1 b only ^? t are simple/ & lea/ complicat$4 ,9 solids1 on ! o!r h&1 ! molecules are ord]$ accord+ to relatively fix$ orbits & trajectories--especially 9 ! case ( cry/als2 & _! individuality is ma9ta9$ by a pr9ciple ( int5se cohesion1 _! surfaces be+ 9 direct contact ) _! environm5t1 capable ( affect+ x & be+ affect$ by x4 ,a middle t]m is pres5t$ by liquids4 ,& ?us we may comp>e c]ta9 /rongly individualiz$ natures ) gases enclos$ 9 a bottle or %ell ) rigid sides1 :ile !re are o!rs1 ) flexible cont\rs1 9 a free give-&-take contact ) _! environm5t1 :i* possess great int]nal complexity--9 o!r words1 a high degree ( p]sonality4 ,or we may comp>e ! =m] ) cru/aceans1 enclos$ 9 h>d %ells :i* give !m rigid & p]man5t =ms1 & ! latt] ) v]tebrates1 :i*1 s9ce !y c>ry _! skeleton )9 !mselves1 are capable ( consid]able ext]nal modification4 ,individuality ref]s r to our ext]nal limits1 x exhibits our f9it5ess2 p]sonality ref]s pr9cipally to our int]nal limits1 or r to our inw>d unlimit$ness1 x exhibits our inf9itude4 ,all ?is is some:at t5u\s & p]haps fails to meet ! dem&s ( /rict psy*ology1 b x is en\gh if x has help$ to make my mean+ cle>]4 ,my idea is t ! ,spani>d possesses1 z a g5]al rule1 m individuality ?an p]sonality2 t ! vig\r ) :i* he affirms himself be=e o!rs & ! en]gy ) :i* he creates dogmas & locks himself up 9 !m1 d n correspond ) any ri*ness ( inw>d spiritual cont5t1 :i* 9 8 case r>ely errs on ! side ( complexity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 8 preface ,hume /ates t ! ,spani>ds spr+ f an ,afro-,semitic race1 t 8! keynote ( ?is primitive racial "* is ov]:elm+ individuality10 & t to ?is root-cause is to be attribut$ all t we h accompli%$ 9 ! _w1 our transi5t imp]ial greatness & our p]man5t t5acity4 ,?is feel+ ( individuality lies deep d[n 9 ! root ( ! race & cunn+ politicians h turn$ x to ! advantage ( _! ambitions4 ,9 speak+ ( ! ,arab dom9ation he says t 8! ,b]b]1 l 8 f>-away relative ! ,ib]ian1 0 a man ( /rong individuality1 ) an ob/9ate reluctance to obey ano!r unless he spoke 9 ! "n ( a sup]natural entity40 ,at ! conclusion ( ! n9? *apt] 9 :i* he treats ( our epo* ( greatness 9 ! middle ( ! #af? c5tury1 he writes ! foll[+ notable l9es3 8,ea* unlett]$ boor & swagg]+ soldi] felt 9 an undef9$ way t he 0 a creature ap>t by reason ( 8 fai?2 t ,spani>ds & ! ,spani>ds' k+ _h a high] mission ?an 0 accord$ to o!r m52 & t f among ! eight million ,spani>ds alive ! p>ticul> ,juan or ,p$ro 9 "q /ood out individually1 9 ! sight ( ,god & m51 z pre-em95tly ! mo/ zeal\s & or?odox ( !m all4 ,to ?is _h ! policy ( ,f]n&o & ,isabel br\ght ! mass ( ! ,spani% p40 ,& 9 corroboration ( ?is he draws a /rik+ portrait ( ,philip ,,ii1 ! idol ( our traditionali/s3 8,int5se individuality 9 him1 z 9 s _m ( 8 c\ntrym51 0 m]g$ 9 ! idea ( p]sonal di/9ction 9 ! eyes ( ,god by self-sacrifice4444 ,at he>t he 0 k9dly1 a good fa!r & husb&1 an indulg5t & consid]ate ma/]1 hav+ no love = cruelty itself4 ,& yet ly+1 di%one/y1 cruelty1 ! infliction ( suff]+ & dea? ^u ho/s ( helpless ones1 & ! secret murd] ( ^? :o /ood 9 8 pa?1 7 n wrong = him1 because1 9 8 moral obliquity he ?\ght t ! ends ju/ifi$ ! means1 & t all 0 lawful 9 ! l9k$ causes ( ,god & ,spa940 8,he 0 bl9d & oblivi\s to all b ! blood-bolt]$ ,*ri/1 be=e :om he wri!d 9 a maniacal agony ( devotion1 sure 9 8 d>k s\l1 z 7 s _m ( 8 c\ntrym51 t ! div9e f+] po9t$ f glory alone ^u him z ! "o *os5 man :o 0 to en=ce ^u e>? ! rule ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 )--z a necess>y consequ5ce--,philip ( ,spa9 z 8 vic]eg5t40 ,i "k t _m :o look ^u ?is portrait w come =w>d ) ! famili> objection t ?is ,philip ,,ii is ! ,devil ( ! ,s\? ( ! ,prote/ant leg5d1 & w advance ! c\nt]-leg5d--equally leg5d>y--:i* is be+ built up out ( a mass ( m9ute data by hi/orians :o comb9e ! me?od ( ,dr4 ,dryasdu/ ) ! _s ( rabid p>tisan%ip4 ,:at int]e/s me 9 ,hume's description is 8 /atem5t t e ,spani>d reg>ds himself z an individual ap>t1 specially & p]sonally *os5 by ,god4 ,?is recalls ,pascal's claim t ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 dy+ %$ a drop ( blood = him1 ,blaise ,pascal1 :o 0 de/9$ to live 9 ,france 9 ! middle ( ! #ag? c5tury4 ,!re is a c]ta9 *>act]i/ic common to all ^? :om we call g5iuses or great m5 & o!r h]oes4 ,ea* ( !m has a consci\sness ( be+ a man ap>t1 *os5 v expressly by ,god = ! p]=mance ( a c]ta9 "w4 ,9 ?is respect we ,spani>ds are incl9$ to ?9k ourselves g5iuses1 or r we h a v robu/ conception ( ! ,div9ity--we ?9k ( ,him n z ! frigid & exalt$ ,god ( ! ,fr5* ,deism ( ! #ah? c5tury1 nor yet z ! good-natur$ & easy-go+ ,god ( good p t ,brang] depicts1 b r z a ,god ^: att5tion & c>e ext5ds to ! v la/ ant1 reg>d$ z a sep>ate individual1 z well z to ! v greate/ & mo/ spl5did ( suns4 ,9 actual fact all ^! claims to s+ul>ity & to be+ "o ap>t f ! re/ may become repreh5sible1 b x is at lea/ und]/&able t an orator1 = example1 or a writ]1 or a s+]1 %\ld reg>d himself z ! be/ orator1 ! be/ writ]1 or ! be/ s+]4 ,:at is n und]/&able is t a man :o is nei!r orator1 writ]1 pa9t]1 sculptor1 musician1 nor man ( bus9ess1 t a man :o does no?+ at all1 %\ld expect by ! m]e fact ( 8 pres5ce to be reput$ a man ( extraord9>y m]it & exceptional tal5t4 ,& nev]!less "h 9 ,spa9--,i d n "k h[ x may be else:]e--!re are _m examples ( ?is curi\s ph5om5on4 ,i "k ( ! man :o is ready to admit t o!rs may be h&som]1 sm>t]1 /rong]1 heal?i]1 wis]1 m intellig5t1 m g5]\s1 ?an he1 t 9 ea* & all ( _! end[m5ts !y h ! advantage ov] him2 b nev]!less he1 ,juan ,lopez1 ! individual 9 "q1 is sup]ior to ev]yone else j because he is ,juan ,lopez1 because !re is no o!r ,juan ,lopez exactly l him & because x is impossible t all ! qualities1 good1 bad & indiff]5t1 t make him him1 ,juan ,lopez1 %\ld ev] be assembl$ toge!r aga94 ,he is a unique individual1 he _c be sub/itut$ by anyone else--& he is 9 a measure "r 9 ?9k+ s4 ,he c say ) ,ob]mann3 8,9 ! univ]se ,i am no?+2 = myself ,i am ev]y?+40 ,?is viol5t individualism1 comb9$ ) v meagre p]sonalism1 ) a great lack ( p]sonality1 is a factor t expla9s a great deal ( our hi/ory4 ,x expla9s t int5se ?ir/ = individual immortality :i* consumes ! ,spani>d1 a ?ir/ t lies hidd5 b5ea? :at is call$ our cult ( dea?4 ,homage to ?is cult ( dea? is r5d]$ no less by ! mo/ furi\s lov]s ( life1 by ^? 9 :om ! joy ( liv+ is unable to ext+ui% ! hung] = survival4 ,x appe>s to me a v great error to ass]t t ! ,spani>d does n love life because he f9ds life h>d4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is because 8 life is h>d t he has n arriv$ at ! tdium vit1 ! ,welts*m]z ( ! satiat$1 & t he has always aim$ at prolong+ x indef9itely beyond dea?4 ,9 ! ?ird "p ( ! 8,e?ics0 ( ,sp9oza1 a ,jew ( ,spani% orig9--or ,portuguese1 :i* am\nts to ! same ?+--!re are f\r admirable propositions1 ! six?1 sev5?1 eigh? & n9?1 9 :i* he lays x d[n t ev]y?+1 9 s f> z x is 9 itself1 endeav\rs to p]si/ 9 its own be+2 t ! endeav\r :]e) a ?+ endeav\rs to p]si/ 9 its be+ is no?+ else ?an ! actual ess5ce ( t ?+ 7conatus1 quo unaquque res 9 suo esse p]sev]>e conatur1 nihil e/ prt] ipsius rei actualem ess5tiam72 t ?is ef=t or endeav\r involves no f9ite "t b an indef9ite "t1 & t ! _s endeav\rs to p]si/ 9 its be+ = an indef9ite p]iod & is consci\s ( ?is its endeav\r4 ,x is n possible to express ) m precision ! long+ = immortality t consumes ! s\l4 ,?is /rong individualism1 ! individualism ( an individual :o endeav\rs to p]si/1 has l$ ! ,spani>d to foll[ always ! pa? ( conduct & w1 & ?is is ! reason ( ,s*op5hau]'s admiration ( ,spani>ds1 :om he deem$ to be "o ( ! peoples mo/ fully possess$ ( w--or r ( wilfulness--mo/ t5aci\s ( life4 ,our indiff]5ce to life is only on ! surface & really conceals a mo/ dogg$ atta*m5t to x4 ,& ?is practical t5d5cy is manife/ 9 our ?\ght1 :i* ev] s9ce ,s5eca has incl9$ to :at is call$ moralism & has ev9c$ b little int]e/ 9 pure metaphysical & speculative contemplation1 9 view+ ! _w z a spectator4 ,x is ?is imp]i\s individualism t has l$ u to ! dogmatism t corrodes u4 ,spa9 is ! c\ntry ( ^? :o are m papi/ical ?an ! ,pope1 z ! say+ is4 ,spa9 is ! *os5 & mo/ propiti\s soil = :at is call$ integrism1 :i* is ! triumph ( ! maximum ( individuality compatible ) ! m9imum ( p]sonality4 ,spa9 01 9 %ort1 & 9 m ?an "o respect cont9ues to be1 ! l& ( ! ,inquisition4 ,( ! ,inquisition & inquisitorialism1 ,hume writes v aptly4 8,innate cruelty1 individual pride1 a vivid imag9ation long f$ ) extravagant fables1 religi\s & secul>1 & lu/ = une>n$ weal?1 all comb9$ "u ! eag] bless+s ( ! ,que5 ,isabel & ! ,*ur* to make ! ,spani>ds1 z a race1 rel5tless p]secutors ( ^? :o d>$ to ?9k diff]5tly f !mselves40 ,b5ea? ! manife/ & n inconsid]able exagg]ation1 !re is "h a l>ge basis ( tru?4 ,spani>ds c\ld d no wrong 8because !y 7 work+ = & ) ! cause ( ,god40 8,! bureaucratic unity ( ! ,romans 0 no long] possible 9 ! "t ( ,f]n&o & ,isabel1 = out ( ! reconque/ _h gr[n sep>ate nations2 b at lea/ ! v>i\s peoples1 ! autonom\s dom9ions1 ! semi-indep5d5t t[ns1 might be held toge!r by ! /rong bond ( religi\s unity2 & ) ?is object ! ,inquisition 0 e/abli%$1 z a gov]nm5tal sy/em1 to be develop$ lat] into a political eng9e4444 ,?us x is t ,spa9 appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 ! conc]t ( mod]n ,european nations a p[] ^: v exi/5ce 9 a concrete =m dep5ds ^u its rigid doctr9al ,ca?olicism40 ,?is la/ ass]tion appe>s to me s d\btful & ,i am s f> f believ+ x to be j t ,i %all h to devote a special /udy to its refutation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is ,spani% individualism has und\bt$ly be5 ! cause ( ano!r *>act]i/ic feature ( our hi/ory1 a feature to :i* ,hume pays v p>ticul> att5tion4 ,x is kn[n z cantonalism or kabylism4 ,i ref] ( c\rse to our t5d5cy to disruption1 to sep>ate into tribes4 ,hume alludes to x at ! beg9n+ ( 8 hi/ory 9 ! foll[+ notable l9es3 8,9 any case1 :at is kn[n ( _! physique seems to negative ! supposition t !y ! ,ib]ians 7 ( ,indo-,european or ,aryan orig92 & to f9d _! c\nt]p>t at ! pres5t "t1 x is only necess>y to seek ! ,kabyl tribes ( ! ,atlas1 ! orig9al inhabitants ( ! ,african coa/ opposite ,spa91 :o 7 driv5 back into ! m\nta9s by successive waves ( invasion4 ,n alone 9 physique d ^! tribes resemble :at ! e>ly ,ib]ian mu/ h be51 b 9 ! m un*ang+ peculi>ities ( "* & in/itutions ! lik5ess is easily traceable to ! ,spani>d ( to-day4 ,! organization ( ! ,ib]ians1 l t ( ! ,atlas peoples1 0 clanni% & tribal1 & _! *ief *>act]i/ic 0 _! indomitable local indep5d5ce4 ,w>like & brave1 sob] & light-he>t$1 ! ,kabyl tribesman has = ?\s&s ( ye>s /ubbornly resi/$ all attempts to weld him into a nation or subject him to a uni=m dom9ion1 :ile ! ,ib]ian1 />t+ probably f ! same /ock1 0 bl5d$ ) ,aryan races possess+ o!r qualities1 & 0 submitt$ = six c5turies to ! unify+ organization ( ! greate/ gov]n+ race ! _w ev] saw--! ,romans2 yet1 )al1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( ! ,spani% nation1 l t ( ! ,kabyl tribes1 is lack ( solid>ity40 ,?is fundam5tal idea appe>s all ?r\gh ,hume's book l a refra9 or leitmotiv4 99 99 99 99 99 ,out ( all ?is1 two que/ions n[ em]ge3 ! fir/1 :at is ! orig9 ( ?is individualism8 & ! second1 :at is its cure8--! "o e?nological1 ! o!r !rapeutical4 ,z ,i indicat$ at ! beg9n+1 9 quot+ ! op9ion ( ,havelock ,ellis1 ,i am n at all dispos$ to believe t kabylism or cantonalism1 ! sep>ati/ t5d5cy1 proce$s f diff]5ces ( race4 ,if ,catalua or ! ,basque prov9ces c\ld be =?) remov$ & isolat$ 9 ! middle ( ! ,atlantic1 we %\ld v soon see !m torn by int]nal diss5sions1 by sep>ati/ t5d5cies1 & conflicts = supremacy w\ld arise betwe5 ! v>i\s dialects ( ! ,catalan & ,basque languages4 ,9 ! ,basque prov9ces su* int]nal diss5sions are beg9n+ to be pat5t ev5 to ! lea/ acute obs]v]4 ,!re is "o capital s9 t is v peculi>ly ,spani%1 & t s9 is envy4 ,x is a result ( our peculi> individualism1 & x is "o ( ! causes ( kabylism4 ,envy has crippl$ & /ill cripples n a few ( ! be/ m9ds ( ,spa91 m9ds t are 9 o!r respects vigor\s & exub]ant4 ,we are all famili> ) ! fam\s simile ( ! greasy pole4 ,deep d[n 9 our racial "* !re is a c]ta9 s$im5t ( spiritual av>ice1 ( lack ( g5]osity ( s\l1 a c]ta9 prop5sity to consid] ourselves ri* only 9 s f> z o!rs are poor1 & ?is s$im5t requires to be purg$ away4 ,spani% kabylism & individualism bo? appe> to me to be effects ( "o & ! same cause1 ! cause t also produc$ pic>ism4 ,9 8 book entitl$ ,hampa1 ,salillas %[$ v cle>ly h[ ! pov]ty ( ! soil1 its failure to s]ve z a basis = ! support ( ! p1 0 responsible = ! seasonal migration ( flocks & h]ds toge!r ) ! vagabond life t result$ !refrom4 ,x appe>s to me m concrete & m hi/orical to say t x oblig$ ! ,ib]ians to be h]dsm54 ,hume expresses x exactly :5 he says t ! pure ,spani>d has always be5 8an agriculturi/ by necessity & a %eph]d by *oice1 ,! spectators1 s f> f enc\rag+ or applaud+ ! competitors1 are said to pull !m back & g5]ally h9d] !m f secur+ ! prize4 :5 he 0 n a soldi]40 ,i believe t a consid]ation ( ?is pa/oral "* ( our p w\ld help to expla9 a great deal ( our hi/ory & to modify accept$ v]dicts4 ,at bottom ! expulsion ( ! ,moriscos1 an indu/ri\s p ( agriculturi/s & g>d5]s1 appe>s to me to h be5 due to ! traditional hatr$ :i* ^? :om ,i w call ,abelites1 ! spiritual desc5dants ( ,abel1 ! keep] ( flocks1 bore t[>ds ! desc5dants ( ,ca91 ! till] ( ! gr\nd1 :o kill$ 8 bro!r4 ,= ! ,hebrew leg5d ( ,ca9 & ,abel pres5ts "o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd intuitions ( ! beg9n+s ( human hi/ory4 ,& :at is ! cure = ?is individualism8 ,! fir/ ?+ is to see :e!r x is an evil1 & if x appe>s to be "o1 to see if x may n be conv]t$ into a good1 = x is evid5t t vices & virtues proce$ f ! same /ock & a s+le passion may be turn$ ei!r to good or to evil4 ,! exig5ces ( life 9 pa/ ages made our remote ance/ors h]dsm52 be+ h]dsm51 !y acquir$ all ! qualities t pa/oral life t5ds to develop--!y 7 idl]s1 !y 7 w&]]s1 & !y 7 disunit$4 ,! lapse ( "t1 civiliz$ & urban life1 ! necessities impos$ by indu/rial & comm]cial competition--progress1 9 %ort--w modify ?is basal "*4 ,c ?is process be accel]at$1 & by :at means8--,b t is ano!r "q4 ,,"s ,,arbitr>y ,,reflections ,,^u ,,europeanization ,x is a n unpr(itable task to exam9e ! national consci\sness by exam9+ ourselves & to ask ourselves z ,spani>ds :at !re is ( intr9sic & p]man5t wor? 9 mo/ ( ^! s*emes = our national reg5]ation :i* almo/ all ( u are discuss+ n[adays1 "s m insi/5tly ?an o!rs4 ,all ^? ?+s :i* are be+ dem&$ & :i* almo/ all ( u h dem&$ on behalf ( our p1 ) a great] or less degree ( compreh5sion ( :at ^! dem&s mean1 may be summ$ up 9 two t]ms--,european & mod]n4 8,we mu/ be mod]n10 8we mu/ be ,european10 8we mu/ mod]nize ourselves10 8we mu/ g ) ! c5tury10 8we mu/ ,europeanize ourselves0--su* are ! wat*words ( ! h\r4 ,! t]m ,european expresses a vague idea1 v vague1 excessively vague2 b mu* vagu] is ! idea t is express$ by ! t]m mod]n4 ,if we comb9e ! two toge!r x w\ld seem t !y ought to limit "o ano!r & result 9 some?+ concrete1 & t ! expression 8mod]n ,european0 ought to be cle>] ?an ei!r ( its two compon5t t]ms2 b p]haps x is really vagu] /ill4 ,x w be app>5t t ,i am proce$+ by way ( :at "s w\ld call arbitr>y /atem5t1 )\t docum5tation1 )\t v]ification1 indep5d5t ( mod]n ,european logic & disda9ful ( its me?ods4 ,p]haps4 ,i seek no o!r me?od ?an ! me?od ( passion2 & :5 ,i am mov$ ) disgu/1 ) repugnance1 ) pity or ) contempt1 ,i let ! m\? speak f ! fullness ( ! he>t & ! words come =? z !y w4 ,we ,spani>ds1 s !y say1 are arbitr>y *>latans1 we fill up ! brok5 l9ks ( logic ) rhetoric1 we subtilize skilfully b uselessly1 we lack ! s5se ( consecutiv5ess & induction1 we h s*ola/ic m9ds1 we are casui/s 444 etc41 etc4 ,i h he>d simil> ?+s said ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! great ,african1 ! fi]y s\l t ov]fl[$ 9 waves ( rhetoric1 9 phraseological contortions1 9 anti!ses1 9 p>adoxes & conceits4 ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 at once a gongori/ & a concepti/4 ,:i* leads me to believe t ,gongorism & conceptism are ! natural =ms ( passion & vehem5ce4 ,! great ,african1 ! great anci5t ,african6 ,"h y h an expression1 8anci5t ,african10 :i* c be oppos$ to t ( 8mod]n ,european10 & :i* is at lea/ ( equal value4 ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 ,african & he 0 ( ! anci5t _w2 s also 0 ,t]tullian4 ,& :y %\ld we n say3 8,we mu/ ,africanize ourselves anci5twise0 or 8,we mu/ anci5tize ourselves ,africanwise08 ,luis de ,gongora 7#aefa-afbg7 elaborat$ an affect$ & euphui/ic /yle ( composition4 ,conception is ! "n giv5 to ! employm5t ( conceptos1 a *>act]i/ic ,spani% =m ( conceits4 ,x is exemplifi$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,quev$o 7#aehj-afde7 & its subtleties 7 r$uc$ to an exact code by ,baltas> ,gracin 9 8 ,agudeza y arte de +5io 7#afdb74 ,turn+ my glance inw>ds ^u myself aft] ! lapse ( ye>s1 aft] hav+ w&]$ among ! v>i\s fields ( mod]n ,european culture1 ,i ask myself1 face to face ) my consci5ce3 ,am ,i ,european8 am ,i mod]n8 ,& my consci5ce replies3 ,no1 y are n ,european1 n :at is call$ ,european2 no1 y are n mod]n1 n :at is call$ mod]n4 ,& ,i ask myself aga93 ,is ! fact t y feel t y are nei!r ,european nor mod]n due to ! fact t y are a ,spani>d8 ,are we ,spani>ds1 at he>t1 irr$ucible to ,europeanization & mod]nization8 ,& if t be ! case1 is !re no salvation = u8 ,is !re no o!r life ?an mod]n & ,european life8 ,is !re no o!r culture--or :atev] y l to call x8 ,fir/ ( all1 s f> z ,i myself am conc]n$1 ,i mu/ confess t ! m ,i reflect ^u x1 ! m ,i become aw>e ( ! inn] repugnance t my _s feels = all ^? t are consid]$ to be ! guid+ pr9ciples ( ! mod]n ,european _s1 = ! sci5tific or?odoxy ( to-day1 = its me?ods1 = its t5d5cies4 ,!re are two ?+s t are (t5 talk$ ab\t--sci5ce & life4 ,& ,i mu/ confess t bo? ! "o & ! o!r are antipa!tic to me4 ,x is unnecess>y to def9e sci5ce1 or ,sci5ce1 if y l1 ) ! capital lett]1 ?is ?+ :i* is n[ be+ s widely popul>iz$1 ! purpose ( :i* is to give u a m logical & exact idea ( ! ,univ]se4 ,:5 ,i us$ to be some?+ ( a ,sp5c]ian ,i believ$ myself to be enam\r$ ( sci5ce2 b aft]w>ds ,i discov]$ t ?is 0 a mi/ake4 ,x 0 a mi/ake l ! mi/ake ( ^? :o ?9k t !y are happy :5 !y are n4 7,x is evid5t t ,i reject1 arbitr>ily ( c\rse1 ! idea t be+ happy consi/s 9 ?9k+ t "o is happy47 ,no1 ,i 0 nev] enam\r$ ( sci5ce1 ,i always s\ght = some?+ beh9d x4 ,& :51 endeav\r+ to get beyond its fatidical relativity1 ,i 0 l$ to ! ignorabimus position1 ,i realiz$ t sci5ce _h always irk$ me4 ,& :at are y go+ to put 9 its place8 ,i %all be ask$4 ,i might say ignorance1 b t is n c]ta94 ,i might say1 ) ! ,prea*]1 ! son ( ,david1 k+ ( ,j]usalem1 t he :o increases k increases sorr[ & t ! same end awaits ! wise man & ! fool2 b no1 x is n t4 ,i don't ne$ to inv5t a ^w1 h[ev]1 to express :at x is t ,i oppose to sci5ce1 = ! ^w exi/s1 & x is sabidura--! sagesse ( ! ,fr5*1 ! wisdom ( ! ,engli%1 ! ,g]man ,wei%eit or ,klugheit4 ,b is x oppos$ to sci5ce8 ,i %all be ask$4 ,& ,i1 foll[+ my arbitr>y me?od1 guid$ by ! passion ( my _s1 by my innate av]sions & my innate attractions1 reply3 ,yes1 !y are oppos$2 sci5ce robs m5 ( wisdom & usually conv]ts !m into phantom be+s load$ up ) facts4 ,! o!r ?+ t is be+ incessantly talk$ ab\t to-day is life1 & to ?is x is easy to f9d an opposite4 ,! opposite to life is dea?4 ,& ?is second opposition helps me to expla9 ! fir/4 ,wisdom is to sci5ce :at dea? is to life1 or1 if y pref] x1 wisdom is to dea? :at sci5ce is to life4 ,! object ( sci5ce is life1 & ! object ( wisdom is dea?4 ,sci5ce says3 8,we mu/ live10 & seeks ! means ( prolong+1 increas+1 facilitat+ & amplify+ life1 ( mak+ x tol]able & acceptable2 wisdom says3 8,we mu/ die10 & seeks h[ to make u die well4 ,homo lib] de nulla re m9us quam de morte cogitat1 et eius sapi5tia non mortis1 s$ vita m$itatio e/--s ,sp9oza ann\nces 9 ,proposition ,,lxvii ( ! f\r? "p ( 8 8,e?ics03 ,! free man ?9ks ( no?+ less ?an ( dea?1 & 8 wisdom is a m$itation n ( dea? b ( life4 ,9 ?is case1 ?is wisdom1 ?is sapi5tia1 is no long] wisdom1 b sci5ce4 ,& x is also necess>y to inquire :at k9d ( man is meant by ?is 8free man40 ,! man free f ! supreme angui%1 free f ! et]nal he>ta*e1 free f ! gaze ( ! ,sph9x1 t is to say1 ! man :o is n a man1 ! ideal ( ! mod]n ,european4 ,& "h we h ano!r concept :i* is z little sympa!tic to me z ^? ( life & sci5ce1 ! concept ( lib]ty4 ,!re is no o!r true lib]ty ?an ! lib]ty ( dea?4 ,& :at is at ! bottom ( all ?is8 ,:at are !y seek+ & pursu+1 ^? :o grasp at sci5ce & life & lib]ty1 turn+ _! backs1 :e!r !y are aw>e ( x or n1 ^u wisdom & dea?8 ,:at !y are seek+ is happ9ess4 ,i believe--p]haps ?is belief ( m9e is also arbitr>y--,i believe t "h we t\* ! bottom ( our inquiry4 ,! s-call$ mod]n ,european comes to ! _w to seek happ9ess = himself & = o!rs1 & believes t man ought to succe$ 9 be+ happy4 ,& ?is is a supposition to :i* ,i am unable to con=m4 ,& n[1 z ,i am confess+ myself1 ,i am go+ to put be=e y an arbitr>y dilemma--arbitr>y1 because ,i _c prove x to y logically1 because x is impos$ ^u me by ! feel+ ( my he>t1 n by ! reason+ ( my head3 ei!r happ9ess or love4 ,if y want ! "o1 y mu/ r5\nce ! o!r4 ,love kills happ9ess1 happ9ess kills love4 ,& "h x w\ld be v apposite to adduce all t our my/ics1 our admirable my/ics1 our only classic philosoph]s1 ! creators ( our ,spani% wisdom1 n our ,spani% sci5ce--p]haps ! t]ms 8sci5ce0 & 8,spani%0 are1 happily1 mutually repell5t--h felt1 felt r ?an ?\ght1 ab\t love & happ9ess--! mu]o porque no mu]o & ! dolor sabroso & all ! re/ t emanates f ! same dep?s ( feel+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& :at relation does all ?is be> to ! spiritual problem ( ,spa98 ,is x any?+ m ?an a purely & exclusively p]sonal1 t is to say arbitr>y1 position8 ,is x z a ,spani>d t ,i feel all ?is8 ,is x sugge/$ to me by ! ,spani% s\l8 ,x has be5 said t ) ! ,ca?olic ,k+s & ! beg9n+s ( national unity ! c\rse ( our hi/ory 0 turn$ into ano!r *annel4 ,x is c]ta9 t s9ce !n1 ) ! discov]y ( ,am]ica & our int]m$dl+ 9 ,european affairs1 we h be5 drawn into ! curr5t ( o!r peoples4 ,spa9 ent]$ into ! /rong curr5t ( ! ,r5aissance & our m$ival s\l began to be oblit]at$4 ,& ! ,r5aissance 0 9 its ess5ce j ?is3 sci5ce1 above all 9 ! =m ( humanities1 & life4 ,& ?\ght dwelt less ^u dea? & ! my/ical wisdom gradually disappe>$4 ,x has frequ5tly be5 said t ! ,spani>d is too mu* preoccupi$ ) dea?2 & we h be5 told1 9 a v>iety ( ways & especially by ^? :o deal 9 platitudes1 t ! preoccupation ) dea? prev5ts u f liv+ l mod]ns & l ,europeans4 ,! blame ev5 = our dea?-rate & = our squalor & = our lack ( heal? has be5 ?r[n ^u our s-call$ cult ( dea?4 ,& x seems to me1 on ! o!r h&1 t we ?9k too little ab\t dea?1 or r t we only half ?9k ab\t x4 ,& we half ?9k & half m$itate ab\t dea? because we pret5d to be ,european & mod]n )\t ceas+ to be ,spani>ds1 & t is impossible4 ,& we h made an infam\s commixture ( our classic wisdom & exotic sci5ce1 ( our innate deep feel+ = dea? & a borr[$ solicitude = life4 ,& we h ?\ght we 7 ke5ly int]e/$ 9 progress :]eas 9 fact we tr\ble v little ab\t x4 8,y deceive y\rself10 a =eign fri5d ( m9e once said to me1 ?9k+ t al?\gh ,i 0 a ,spani>d ,i 0 also ,european & mod]n1 8y deceive y\rself--,spani>ds 9 g5]al are incapable ( civilization & refractory to x40 ,& ,i left him cold ) /upor :5 ,i repli$3 8,& is t a fault80 ,! man look$ at me z "o looks at someone :o has sudd5ly gone mad2 x mu/ h seem$ to him z if ,i _h d5i$ a po/ulate ( geometry4 ,he began to reason ) me & ,i said3 8,no1 don't attempt to give me reasons4 ,i ?9k ,i may say )\t boa/+1 & yet )\t ! hypocrisy ( mode/y1 t ,i "k all ! reasons y c br+ =w>d on ?is po9t4 ,x is n a "q ( reasons b ( feel+s40 ,he insi/$1 attempt+ to talk to me ab\t feel+1 & ,i add$3 8,no1 my fri5d1 no1 y "k all ab\t logic1 b x is n logic1 b passion1 t gov]ns feel+s40 ,& ,i left him & w5t away to read ! confessions ( ! great ,african ( ! anci5t _w4 ,is x n p]haps true t we ,spani>ds are1 9 effect1 spiritually refractory to :at is call$ mod]n ,european culture8 ,& if ?is be s1 ought we to be di/ress$ ab\t x8 ,is x n possible to live & to die1 above all to die well1 )\t ?is =tunate culture8 ,& by ?is ,i don't mean t we are engulf$ 9 inaction1 9 ignorance & 9 b>b>ism--no1 n t4 ,!re are means ( augm5t+ ! _s1 ( exalt+ x1 ( enl>g+ x1 ( ennobl+ x1 ( mak+ x m div9e1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to ?is same culture4 ,we c1 ,i believe1 cultivate our wisdom )\t accept+ sci5ce except z a means to ?is end1 tak+ due precautions aga9/ its corrupt+ ! _s4 ,j z love ( dea? & ! feel+ t x is ! pr9ciple ( our true life ought n to lead u to a viol5t r5unciation ( life1 to suicide--= life is a prep>ation = dea?1 & ! bett] ! prep>ation1 ! bett] ! ?+ prep>$ =--s nei!r ought love ( wisdom to lead u to a r5unciation ( sci5ce1 = t w\ld be equival5t to m5tal suicide1 b to an acceptance ( sci5ce z a prep>ation1 & z no?+ m ?an a prep>ation1 = wisdom4 ,= my "p ,i c say t if ,i _h nev] made excursions into ! fields ( "s ( ! mod]n ,european sci5ces1 ,i %\ld nev] h tak5 ! delight t ,i h tak5 9 our anci5t ,african wisdom1 9 our popul> wisdom1 9 :at sc&alizes all ! ,ph>isees & ,sadducees ( intellectualism1 t horrible intellectualism t poisons ! s\l4 ,x is he>+ hymns 9 praise ( !m t has made me view sci5ce & life ) di/ru/1 p]haps ) horror1 & love ! wisdom ( dea?1 ! m$itation :i*1 accord+ to ,sp9oza1 ! free man1 t is1 ! happy man1 does n m$itate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a few days ago ,i read an article by my fri5d & fell[-,basque1 ,po ,b>oja1 entitl$ 8,! ,sad ,c\ntry10 9 :i* he says t ,spa9 is a sad c\ntry1 j z ,france is a beautiful c\ntry4 ,he opposes smil+ ,france1 ) its level f]tile soil1 ) its mild climate1 ) its bright transp>5t riv]s t slide smoo?ly along flu% ) _! banks1 to our p59sula1 full ( /ones1 burnt by ! sun & froz5 ) ! w9t] fro/4 ,he obs]ves t 9 ,france ! products ( ! _s _c comp>e ) ! products ( agriculture & indu/ry2 t ! dramas ( ,rac9e are n fa%ion$ s f9ely z ! w9es ( ,bordeaux2 t ! pictures ( ,delacroix are n s good z ! oy/]s ( ,arca*on2 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 our great m51 ,c]vantes1 ,velazquez1 ,el ,greco1 ,goya1 are ! equals or m ?an ! equals ( ! great m5 ( any o!r c\ntry2 :ile our actual life is n equal to1 n ! life ( ,morocco1 b ! life ( ,portugal4 ,& ,i say3 ,is x n wor? :ile to und]go ! h>d%ip ( r5\nc+ ?is pleasant life ( ,france 9 ord] to brea! ! _s t c produce a ,c]vantes1 a ,velazquez1 an ,el ,greco1 a ,goya8 ,are n ^! p]haps incompatible ) ! w9e ( ,bordeaux & ! oy/]s ( ,arca*on8 ,i believe--arbitr>ily ( c\rse--t x is s1 t !y are incompatible1 & ,i take my /& ) ,don ,quixote1 ) ,velazquez1 ) ,el ,greco1 ) ,goya1 & aga9/ ! w9e ( ,bordeaux & ! oy/]s ( ,arca*on1 aga9/ ,rac9e & ,delacroix4 ,passion & s5suality are incompatible2 passion is arbitr>y1 logic is s5sual4 ,= logic is no?+ b a =m ( s5suality4 8,all our mat]ial & intellectual products are h>d1 rugg$ & disagreeable10 ,b>oja cont9ues4 8,! w9e is ?ick1 ! meat bad1 ! pap]s bor+ & ! lit]ature sad4 ,i don't "k :at x is t makes our lit]ature s disagreeable40 ,"h ,i mu/ pause4 ,i am n s5sible ( ?is id5tification ( ! sad ) ! disagreeable2 & ,i w ev5 say--al?\gh !re may be "s simple en\gh to take ?is to be a p>adox--t = me ! disagreeable is t :i* is call$ gay4 ,i %all nev] =get ! highly disagreeable effect1 ! deep disgu/1 :i* ! /rid5t hil>ity ( ! ,p>isian b\lev>d produc$ ^u me sev5te5 ye>s ago1 & ! feel+ ( disquiet & uneas9ess t came ov] me !re4 ,all t _w ( y\?1 danc+1 je/+1 play+1 dr9k+1 mak+ love1 seem$ to me to be compos$ ( puppets end[$ ) s5se2 !y seem$ to lack consci\sness1 to be appe>ances m]ely4 ,i felt alone1 utt]ly alone among !m1 & ?is feel+ ( lonel9ess pa9$ me4 ,i c\ld n br+ myself to accept ! idea t ^! roi/]]s1 ^! devotees ( ! joie de vivre1 7 be+s l myself1 my fell[s1 or ev5 ! idea t !y 7 liv+ creatures d[]$ ) consci\sness4 ,"h y h an in/ance ( ! way 9 :i* gaiety j>r$ ^u me1 0 disagreeable to me4 ,& on ! o!r h&1 :5 ,i am 9 ! mid/ ( he>t-sick multitudes cry+ to heav5 = m]cy1 *ant+ a ,de pr(undis or a ,mis]]e1 ,i _c help feel+ myself among bro!rs1 unit$ to !m by love4 ,lat] on1 ,b>oja says3 8,= me1 "o ( ! sadde/ ?+s ab\t ,spa9 is t we ,spani>ds _c be frivol\s or jovial40 ,& = me x w\ld be "o ( ! sadde/ ?+s = ,spa9 if we ,spani>ds c\ld become frivol\s & jovial4 ,9 t case we %\ld cease to be ,spani>ds1 yet )\t ev5 becom+ ,europeans4 ,9 t case we %\ld h to r5\nce our true consolation & our true glory1 :i* consi/s precisely 9 ?is inability to be ei!r frivol\s or jovial4 ,9 t case we might be able to repeat 9 *orus all ! unsub/antialities ( ! popul> sci5tific h&books1 b we %\ld be incapacitat$ = ent]+ into ! k+dom ( wisdom4 ,9 t case we might p]haps h bett] & f9] w9es1 pur] oil1 bett] oy/]s2 b we %\ld h to r5\nce ! possibility ( a new ,don ,quixote1 or a new ,velazquez1 &1 above all1 ! possibility ( a new ,/4 ,john ( ! ,cross1 a new ,fray ,diego de ,e/ella1 a new ,/4 ,t]esa de ,jess--:e!r or?odox or het]odox1 x matt]s n :i*4 ,& ,b>oja concludes3 8,a sad c\ntry 9 :i* ev]y:]e all p live _! lives ?9k+ ( no?+ less ?an ( life40 ,& ?is arbitr>9ess provokes my arbitr>9ess & ,i exclaim3 ,unhappy ^? mod]n ,european c\ntries 9 :i* p live _! lives ?9k+ ( no?+ m ?an ( life4 ,unhappy ^? c\ntries 9 :i* m5 d n cont9ually ?9k ( dea? & 9 :i* ! guid+ pr9ciple ( life is n ! ?\ght t we %all all "o day h to lose x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h ,i mu/ halt a mom5t--if x is possible to speak ( halts 9 a c\rse su* z my ?\ght is tak+ "h--& expla91 if x is possible to expla9 x1 :at ?is arbitr>9ess really is4 ,=eign]s1 ! ,fr5* 9 p>ticul>1 take f u precisely t :i* is lea/ ours1 t :i* lea/ cla%es ) _! _s1 &1 naturally en\gh1 t :i* be/ accommodates itself to ! idea t !y h =m$ ( u1 an idea t is always & necess>ily sup]ficial4 ,& we1 poor fools1 yield to ?is delusive adulation & hope = ?is ext]nal applause1 ! applause ( ^? :o really don't he> u1 & ev5 :5 !y d he> u don't und]/& u4 ,i don't really "k :at !y want 9 tak+ f u j :at !y d take1 j t :i* confirms ! popul> notion !y h ( u4 ,if ,i 7 9 _! place1 :at ,i %\ld take f ,spa9 & make kn[n to my fell[-c\ntrym5 w\ld be :at 0 mo/ w\nd+ to _! convictions1 :at amaz$ !m mo/1 :at 0 mo/ repell5t to _! _s1 :at 0 mo/ diff]5t f !m4 ,b aft] all :at !y d is natural1 = p want to be told j t :i* !y already ?9k1 t :i* confirms !m 9 _! preconceiv$ ideas1 _! prejudices & _! sup]/itions3 m5 want to be deceiv$4 ,& s x is "h4 ,9 face ( ?is attitude ( !irs1 :at mu/ be our attitude8 ,9 face ( ?is process t t5ds to de*>act]ize u1 to rob u ( t :i* makes u :at we are1 :at c\rse ( action is ! be/ = u to adopt8 ,admoni%$ by ^? voices t say3 8,if y want to be l u & save y\rselves1 take ?is10 :at mu/ we d8 ,b ?is "q ( attempt+ to ,spani>dize ,europe1 ! only means :]eby we may ,europeanize ourselves1 s f> z x is fitt+ t we %\ld be ,europeaniz$1 or r1 :]eby we may dige/ ^? elem5ts 9 ! ,european _s :i* we c conv]t into our _s--?is "q mu/ be left = sep>ate treatm5t4 ,all ?is w appe> arbitr>y--x is arbitr>y4 ,h[ c ,i help x8 8,en\gh10 "s logical mod]n ,european read] w say2 8n[ ,i've caught y4 ,y y\rself admit t y\r ass]tions h no f\ndation1 t !y are arbitr>y1 t !y _c be prov$1 & su* ass]tions ought n to be tak5 s]i\sly40 ,& ,i w say to ?is poor logical mod]n & ,european read]1 :o may be assum$ to be 9 love ) sci5ce & life1 t ! fact t an ass]tion is arbitr>y & _c be prov$ by logical reasons1 does n mean ei!r t x is )\t f\ndation or1 /ill less1 t x is false4 ,& above all x does n mean t su* an ass]tion may n excite & animate ! _s1 may n /r5g!n its inn] life1 t inn] life :i* is a v diff]5t ?+ f ! life t ! logical & sci5tifici/ read] is 9 love )4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i broke (f ?is essay at ?is po9t two days ago1 ) ! int5tion ( cont9u+ x1 ( resum+ ! brok5 ?read1 z occasion (f]$1 & n[ to-day1 ! #ac? ( ,may1 ,i h j read a phrase t alt]s ! c\rse ( my disc\rse4 ,some?+ ( ! k9d happ5s to riv]s :5 a rock deflects _! c\rse & causes !m to disembogue _m leagues away f :]e !y w\ld o!rwise h disembogu$1 p]haps into ano!r sea altoge!r4 ,x is curi\s :at happ5s to our ideas4 ,we h (t5 9 our m9d a cr[d ( ideas t vegetate 9 ! d>kness1 )]$1 incomplete1 unacqua9t$ ) "o ano!r & avoid+ "o ano!r4 ,= 9 ! d>kness1 ideas1 l m51 are afraid ( "o ano!r4 ,& !y rema9 obscur$1 disassociat$1 avoid+ contact4 ,b sudd5ly a new & lum9\s idea ent]s ! m9d1 emitt+ light & illum9at+ ! d>k corn]1 & z soon z ! o!r ideas see x & see _! own faces1 !y recognize "o ano!r1 !y arise & ga!r r\nd ! new arrival1 !y embrace & =m a frat]nity & recov] _! full life4 ,s x has happ5$ ) me to-day :5 a numb] ( half-alive & %ad[y ideas t h be5 ly+ isolat$ 9 a corn] ( my m9d h be5 jo9$ by ?is new idea t ,i h j read 9 a ,madrid newspap]1 ,la ,correspond5cia de ,espaa1 ( ye/]day's date1 ! #ab? ( ,may4 ,9 an article t x publi%es1 entitl$ 8,curr5t ,ev5ts--,cnovas10 ! au?or says3 8,saga/a und]/ood ,spani>ds1 b n ,spa94 ,cnovas nev] knew ( :at /uff 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 7 made40 ,! mom5t t ,i read ?is1 ,i realiz$1 z if by a sudd5 illum9ation1 ! diff]5ce t !re is betwe5 ! s\l ( ,spa9 & ! aggregate ( ! s\ls ( all u ,spani>ds :o are liv+ to-day1 ! actual syn!sis ( ^! same s\ls4 ,& ,i rememb]$ t at ! "t ( ! la/ ,c>li/ civil w>1 :5 ,i 0 a boy1 ,i he>d someone 9 my native t[n say3 8,ev5 ?\gh all we m5 ( ,bilbao 7 to become ,c>li/s1 ,bilbao w\ld rema9 lib]al40 ,a p>adox--t is to say1 a pr(\nd arbitr>y tru?1 a tru? ( passion1 a tru? ( ! he>t1 & "o t ,i %all nev] =get4 8,saga/a und]/ood ,spani>ds1 b n ,spa940 ,& all our commonplace rul]s1 ^? :o let !mselves drift ) ! /ream & enjoy long ye>s ( (fice1 all our commonplace writ]s1 ^? :o write books t are j long tirades1 books t sell1 all our commonplace arti/s & all our commonplace ?9k]s1 und]/& _! fell[-c\ntrym51 b n _! c\ntry4 ,n only our own s\ls1 ! s\ls ( u :o are liv+ to-day1 are alive & op]ative 9 ! s\l ( ,spa91 b 9 addition to ^!1 ! s\ls ( all our =efa!rs4 ,our own s\ls1 ^? ( ! liv+1 are ^? t are lea/ alive 9 x1 = our s\l does n ent] into ! s\l ( our c\ntry until x is no long] a deta*$ entity1 until aft] our temporal dea?4 ,:at is ! use ( our want+ to make our ?\ght mod]n & ,european :5 our language is nei!r ,european nor mod]n8 ,:ile we are endeav\r+ to make x say "o ?+1 x is endeav\r+ to make u say some?+ diff]5t1 & ?us we don't say ! ?\ght t we pret5d we are say+1 b we say ! ?\ght t we don't wi% to say4 ,we endeav\r--t is to say1 _m ( u endeav\r--to de=m our _s con=mably ) an ext]nal /&>d1 & we succe$ nei!r 9 mak+ ourselves l ^? :om we pret5d to copy nor 9 be+ ourselves4 ,:5ce results a horrible spiritual half-bre$1 a k9d ( b>r5 hybrid4 ,& ! mo/ curi\s ?+ ab\t x all is ?is--some?+ t w be und]/ood "o day1 if ! day ev] comes :5 anyone w occupy himself 9 inve/igat+ ! spiritual condition ( ,spa9 at ! transition f ! n9ete5? to ! tw5tie? c5turies--! mo/ curi\s & surpris+ ?+ is t ^? :o are held to be mo/ ,spani%1 mo/ true-blood$ & ( ! old /ock1 mo/ au!ntically ,spani%1 are ^? :o are ! mo/ ,europeaniz+1 ! mo/ exotic1 ^? ^: s\l conta9s ! mo/ ali5 /ra9s2 & on ! o!r h& ^? :om _m simple-m9d$ folk reg>d z exotic spirits1 angliciz$1 galliciz$1 ,g]maniz$1 ,norwegianiz$1 are ! ones ^: roots int]m+le mo/ closely ) ! roots ( ^? :o creat$ ! ,spani% s\l4 ,i h obs]v$ h[ frequ5tly a sk9-deep classicism1 a classicism ( ext]nal grammatical & rhetorical =ms1 goes h& 9 h& ) a complete ali5ation f ! national s\l1 & vice v]sa4 ,i h kn[n a port5t\s fool1 once an e/eem$ au?or1 :o us$ to read our my/ics 9 ord] to le>n f !m h[ to write good ,ca/ilian & ^u :om ! ard5t s\l ( ^! mo/ g5u9ely ,spani% spirits made no impression :atev]2 & on ! o!r h& ,i "k a man :o1 al?\gh he has nev] read !m nor conc]n$ himself 9 any way to pres]ve _! lit]>y tradition or _! religi\s or?odoxy1 9 brea?+ ! national spiritual atmosph]e has brea!d ! air ( t my/icism t is inh]5t 9 ?is atmosph]e4 ,:at is ! orig9 ( ?is confusion8 ,i _c tell1 b ,i presume t x mu/ orig9ate 9 ! same cause t makes ,spani>ds insi/ on call+ him a wise man :o has lea/ wisdom 9 him & dem&+ logic f a man :o is passionate & arbitr>y4 8,p want & dem& ?+s10 s a fri5d ( m9e says to me :5 ,i talk to him ab\t ^! matt]s1 8t is to say1 concrete ideas1 utilizable facts1 sci5tific !ories1 in=mation1 rational explanations1 & x is no use go+ to !m ) feel+s & dreams40 ,usually my fir/ ?\ght on he>+ ?is is1 8,un=tunate p60 b imm$iately aft]w>ds ,i pull myself up & say3 8,!y are p>tly "r2 x is "r t !y %\ld dem& t2 b :y mu/ s _m ( !m reject ! o!r8 & above all :y %\ld !y n dem& f ea* "o j t :i* he has & :i* he c give80 ,&1 to apply ?is to our own p1 :y mu/ we p]si/ 9 di/ort+ our inn] nature & reject+ :at x gives u 9 ord] to try to =ce x to give u some?+ else8 ,our defects1 or :at o!rs call our defects1 are usually ! root ( our excell5cies2 ! qualities t are c5sur$ z our vices are ! f\ndation ( our virtues4 ,x is n a univ]sal /hetic1 applicable to all peoples alike1 a pure /hetic--= ,i d\bt :e!r su* an /hetic exi/s or ev5 c exi/--t has condemn$ our conceptism & gongorism1 = example1 & t has decre$ t our g5u9e & natural in/9ct = emphasis is 9 bad ta/e4 ,x is n a univ]sal /hetic1 valid = all peoples alike1 b ! /hetic ( o!r peoples1 or r ( "o o!r p1 ! ,fr5*1 t has impos$ ?is canon ^u s _m ( u4 ,! lit]>y & arti/ic vices ( ?is t]ribly logical1 desp]ately geometrical1 ,c>tesian p are c]ta9ly n ^? ( conceptism or gongorism1 & ?is p has succe$$ 9 great measure 9 tea*+ u its virtues & 9 tea*+ u its vices4 ,!re is no?+ m intol]able ?an galliciz$ ,spani% lit]ature2 no?+ m false1 m futile1 m displeas+1 ?an ,spani% writ]s :o h =m$ !mselves by imitat+ ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,emphasis8 ,b :at if emphasis is natural to u8 ,:at if emphatic expression is ! spontane\s expression ( our nature8 ,:at if emphasis is ! =m ( passion1 j z :at is call$ naturalness is ! expression ( s5suality & ( good s5se8 ,:at ,i am sure ( is t :5 a man is really irritat$ or really en?usia/ic1 he does n express himself 9 concise1 cle>1 logical1 transp>5t phrases1 b he breaks out into emphatic exclamations1 into r$undant di?yrambs4 ,:at ,i "k1 & :at ev]ybody kn[s1 is t 9 love-lett]s1 if ! love be real love1 tragic love1 love t _c be happy1 ev]y?+ is p\r$ =? 9 a flood ( burn+ commonplaces4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght t gongorism & conceptism are1 9 a c]ta9 mode1 expressions ( passion4 ,i affirm x ( conceptism1 arbitr>ily1 ( c\rse4 ,almo/ all ! great m5 ( passion t ,i am acqua9t$ ) 9 ! hi/ory ( human ?\ght1 includ+ ! great ,african ( :om ,i h already spok51 h be5 concepti/s1 h p\r$ =? _! long+s1 _! aspirations1 9 anti!ses1 9 p>adoxes1 9 phrases t at fir/ sight seem to be m]ely +5i\s4 ,p]haps ?is is ow+ to ! fact t passion is ! enemy ( logic1 9 :i* x sees a tyrant1 = passion desires t :at x desires %\ld exi/1 & does n desire :at mu/ exi/1 & conceptism 9 its ess5ce is a violation ( logic = ! sake ( logic itself4 ,he plays ) concepts & does viol5ce to ideas :o is imp$$ by concepts & ideas1 = he is unable to make !m comply ) ! dem&s ( 8 passion4 ,i ne$ ! immortality ( my s\l1 ! indef9ite p]si/5ce ( my individual consci\sness--,i ne$ x4 ,)\t x1 )\t fai? 9 x1 ,i _c live1 & d\bt1 ! inability to believe t ,i %all atta9 x1 torm5ts me4 ,& s9ce ,i ne$ x1 my passion leads me to affirm x1 & to affirm x arbitr>ily1 & :5 ,i attempt to make o!rs believe1 to make myself believe1 ,i d viol5ce to logic & make use ( argum5ts :i* are call$ +5i\s & p>adoxical by ^? un=tunate p :o h no passion & :o contemplate _! ultimate dissolution ) resignation4 ,! man ( passion1 ! arbitr>y man1 is ! only real rebel1 & no?+ makes a m grotesque impression ^u me ?an :5 ,i come across ^?--usually galliciz$--individuals :o proclaim !mselves emancipat$ f all tyrannies1 lov]s ( lib]ty1 esprits =ts1 an>*i/s sometimes1 frequ5tly a!i/s1 b :o nev]!less are ! fai?ful devotees ( logic & ( ! code ( good ta/e4 ,yes1 emphasis1 turgidity1 conceptism1 p>adoxism1 ^! are ! language passion speaks1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is no?+ less natural1 = u ,spani>ds at any rate1 ?an t :i* ! ,fr5* call naturel & :i* is usually ! ref9$ product ( an exquisite & artificial elaboration4 ,"s ,fr5*man has said t ,fr5* lit]ature is t :i* gives ! mo/ eloqu5t expression to ! great commonplaces ( humanity2 b ,i w\ld say t x is 9 ?is lit]ature1 :i* has done & /ill does s mu* h>m 9 ,spa91 t all middl+ ideas & middl+ feel+s f9d _! mo/ adequate =m & expression1 & t x is ho/ile to extreme ideas & extreme feel+s4 ,obs]ve t ! ,fr5* _s has produc$ no great my/ic1 no really great pure my/ic4 ,obs]ve t ^u ,pascal1 al?\gh he 0 some:at arbitr>y & passionate1 geometry made a pr(\nd impression4 ,& consid] ! fact t ,pascal is "o ( ! ,fr5* spirits t we are be/ able to appropriate4 ,x is to ?is mo/ pr(\nd & tortur$ _s t we owe two great & pr(\nd in/ances1 among o!rs1 ( torm5t+ly arbitr>y utt]ance3 t ( ! p>i or wag]1 & t ( il faut s'abtir1 8we mu/ become z fools0--9 ord] to believe1 beg9n+ ) act+ z if we did believe4 ,b ,i don't "k ( any great my/ic1 any really pure my/ic1 :o 0 a ,fr5*man4 ,& "h ,i %\ld l to say some?+ ab\t ! g5tle1 tranquil1 s5sual & logical ,/4 ,francis ( ,sales1 s full ( common s5se & ( a spiritual via m$ia1 b ,i mu/ leave x = "s o!r "t4 ,& x is ! /hetic ( ?is p1 s oppos$ to our own1 9 spite ( all t nons5se ab\t ! ,lat9 si/]hood--,i don't "k :e!r !y are ,lat91 ,i don't "k :e!r we are1 & z reg>ds myself p]sonally1 ,i believe t !re is no?+ ,lat9 ab\t me--x is ! /hetic ( ?is p t is de=m+ ! fruit ( our _s z x is express$ 9 _m ( our spiritual creators4 ,lat9s4 ,lat9s8 ,& :y1 if we are really ,b]b]s1 mu/ we n feel & ass]t t we are ,b]b]s1 & :y mu/ n ! poetry 9 :i* we endeav\r to give expression to our sorr[s & our consolations con=m to ! ,b]b] /hetic8 ,! only way ( ent]+ into vital relations ) ano!r is ! aggressive way2 only ^? succe$ 9 mutually p5etrat+ "o ano!r1 9 =m+ a spiritual bro!rhood1 :o /rive to subjugate "o ano!r spiritually1 :e!r 9 ! case ( individuals or ( peoples4 ,x is only :5 ,i /rive to put my _s into ! _s ( my neighb\r t ,i receive my neighb\r's _s 9 m9e4 ,! apo/le is bless$ 9 receiv+ 9 himself ! s\ls ( ^? :om he conv]ts2 9 ?is consi/s ! nobility ( proselytiz+4 ,no1 none ( ?is laissez-faire & laissez-all]--don't let u %rug our %\ld]s at ! ideas1 /ill less at ! feel+s1 ( o!rs1 b r try to w\nd !m4 ,x is ?us & only ?us t !y w w\nd ours & keep !m awake )9 u4 ,= my "p ,i "k t ^? to :om ,i owe mo/ are ^? :o h act$ z if !y reject$1 :o h wi%$ to reject1 :at ,i (f]$ to !m4 ,! deep moral life is a life ( aggression & mutual p5etration4 ,ev]yone mu/ endeav\r to make o!rs 9 8 own image & lik5ess1 z ,god is said to h made u 9 ,8 image & lik5ess4 ,! condemnation ( him :o tries to m\ld himself ^u ano!r lies 9 ! fact t he w cease to be himself )\t succe$+ 9 be+ ! o!r :om he takes z 8 model1 & s he w be nobody4 ,unque/ionably !re is some?+1 !re are _m ?+s1 9 mod]n ,european culture & 9 ! mod]n ,european _s t x behoves u to receive into ourselves 9 ord] t we may conv]t !m into our fle%1 j z we receive ! fle% ( v>i\s k9ds ( animals into our body & conv]t x into our fle%4 ,) ! bra9s ( ox5 ,i n\ri% my bra91 ) ! ribs ( hogs ,i make my he>t beat1 ) fi% & birds ,i fe$ my body s t my _s c plunge into ! deeps & swim 9 !m & asc5d to ! heights & fly !re4 ,& mu/ we n eat ! mod]n ,european _s8 ,yes1 b we fir/ kill ^! ox51 hogs1 fi%es & birds1 ^u :i* we n\ri% ourselves1 impos+ our w ^u !m1 & we mu/ deal ) ?is _s 9 ! same way be=e eat+ x4 ,i am pr(\ndly conv9c$1 arbitr>ily ( c\rse--! m pr(\ndly1 ! m arbitr>ily1 z is always ! case :5 tru?s ( fai? are conc]n$--,i am pr(\ndly conv9c$ t ! real & deep ,europeanization ( ,spa91 t is to say1 our dige/ion ( t "p ( ! ,european _s :i* x is possible to conv]t into our _s1 w n beg9 until we /rive to impose ourselves ^u ! ,european spiritual ord]1 to make ! ,europeans swall[ our _s1 t :i* is g5u9ely ours1 9 ex*ange = !irs1 until we /rive to ,spani>dize ,europe4 ,& to-day--,i say x ) %ame & sorr[--:5 a ,spani>d seeks to ent] into ! ,european _w1 t is to say1 9 ! case ( m5 ( lett]s1 :5 he wi%es to be translat$1 all t he is conc]n$ ab\t is to de=m himself1 to de-,spani>dize himself1 to leave ! translator no?+ to d b to translate ! lett]1 ! ext]nal language4 ,& ?us x is t "o he>s rem>ks l t :i* a ,fr5*man made to me ! o!r day1 :51 speak+ ( ! translation ( a contempor>y ,spani% novel1 he /at$ t x 0 bett] 9 ,fr5* ?an 9 ,spani%4 ,to ?is ,i repli$ t x _h be5 translat$ back into its orig9al language4 ,ea* human faculty has its me?od1 t is to say1 its proc$ure1 its mode ( action4 ,t :i* we call logic is ! me?od ( reason1 ! way ( discov]+ conclusions satisfactory to reason4 ,9 ?is way sci5ce is made4 ,b :5 x is a "q nei!r ( address+ nor satisfy+ reason1 !re is no ne$ ( logic4 ,& = my "p1 ,i r>ely1 v r>ely1 address myself to ! reason ( ^? :o he> or read me1 & :5 ,i d s1 x is n ,i myself :o speak or write1 b r an artificial self--& because artificial1 !re=e deta*able--:i* ^? :o he> or read me impose ^u me4 ,x has be5 said t ! he>t has its logic1 b x is dang]\s to call ! me?od ( ! he>t logic2 x w\ld be bett] to call x c>diac4 ,& !re is also ! me?od ( passion1 :i* is arbitr>9ess & :i* mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) caprice1 z (t5 happ5s4 ,x is "o ?+ to be caprici\s & ano!r v diff]5t ?+ to be arbitr>y4 ,arbitr>9ess1 ! brusque affirmation ( a ?+ because ,i wi% x to be s1 because ,i ne$ x to be s1 ! creation ( our vital tru?--tru? be+ t :i* makes u live--is ! me?od ( passion4 ,passion affirms & ! pro( ( its affirmation is f\nd$ ^u ! en]gy ) :i* x is affirm$4 ,x ne$s no o!r pro(s4 ,:5 "s poor intellectual1 "s mod]n ,european1 opposes ratioc9ations & argum5ts to any ( my affirmations1 ,i say to myself3 reasons1 reasons1 & no?+ m ?an reasons6 ,al?\gh he des]v$ to h be5 a ,spani>d = writ+ !m1 x 0 n a ,spani>d b an ,engli%man :o wrote ^! l9es3 ,= no?+ wor?y prov+ c be prov5 ,nor yet disprov52 :]e=e ?\ be wise1 ,cleave ev] to ! sunni] side ( d\bt1 ,& cl+ to ,fai? beyond ! =ms ( ,fai?4 ,x 0 ,"l ,t5nyson :o wrote ^! pregnant l9es1 & 9 ! same poem1 8,! ,anci5t ,sage10 he tells u t 8k is ! swall[ on ! lake t /irs & sees ! surface-%ad[ !re1 b nev] yet ha? dipt into ! abysm40 ,let1 !n1 my la/ words "h1 :ile ,i am prep>+ to consid] h[ x is possible to ,spani>dize ,europe1 be t no?+ wor?y prov+ c be prov5 nor yet disprov54 ,,! ,,spani% ,,*ri/ ,he 0 a =eign]1 a ,s\? ,am]ican1 & he came f ,p>is4 8,b ^! ,*ri/s6--,good ,god60 he said to me1 z we /ood be=e "o ( ! bloodie/ ( ^? t are to be f\nd 9 our ca!drals1 8?is ?+ repels1 revolts----0 8,x revolts him :o kn[s no?+ ( ! cult ( suff]+10 ,i said4 ,& he repli$3 8,b suff]+ is n blood4 ,!re is bloodless suff]+1 s]5e suff]+40 444 ,& we began to talk ab\t x4 ,i confess$ to him t ,i h ! s\l ( my p1 & t ,i l ^! livid ,*ri/s1 emaciat$1 purple1 bloody1 ^! ,*ri/s t someone has call$ f]oci\s4 ,lack+ 9 art8 ,b>b>\s8 ,i don't "k4 ,& ,i l ^! h>% ,m>ias ,dolorosas1 rigid ) grief4 ,! ,spani% ,*ri/--s ,gu]ra ,junqueiro has (t5 said to me--0 born 9 ,tangi]s4 ,p]haps4 ,p]haps ,he is an ,african ,*ri/4 ,w\ld ,he be m ,*ri/ if ,he 7 an ,attic or a ,p>isian or an ,engli% ,*ri/8 ,= ! o!r ,*ri/1 ! ,galilean1 ! hi/orical1 we mu/ bid f>ewell to4 ,& z = hi/ory z appli$ to ,*ri/ianity4444 ,?is hi/ory is ! hi/ory ( ! la/ tw5ty c5turies1 & "h1 9 ,spa91 hi/ory is ,spani%4 ,he 0 born !n1 p]haps1 9 ,tangi]s4 ,n v f> f ,tangi]s 0 born ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,bloodless1 s]5e1 purifi$ suff]+4444 ,yes1 yes1 8/yli/ic0--or %all we say1 arti/ic8--suff]+4 ,! cry ( suff]+ brea!d into a flute & become a dirge4 ,v good4 ,all t ! ,laocon inspir$ 9 ,less+ 0 j t4 ,v good4 ,b x is ! same ) ?is k9d ( suff]+ z ) irony4 ,usually ironi/s are p :o are nev] angry4 ,he :o is angry is insult+4 ,! ironi/ =gives ev]y?+ & says t x is because he und]/&s ev]y?+4 ,& :at if x is because he und]/&s no?+8 ,i don't "k4 ,?is h>%1 raw mann] ( ours--,i said to my fri5d1 ! ,s\? ,am]ican--n ev]yone c be> x4 ,x has be5 said t hate is rife 9 ,spa94 ,p]haps4 ,p]haps we beg9 by hat+ ourselves4 ,y w f9d _m "h1 a great _m1 :o dislike !mselves4 ,we foll[ ! precept ( 8love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 & s9ce1 9 spite ( inevitable egoism1 we d n love ourselves1 s nei!r d we love our neighb\rs4 ,! ascetic & ! egoi/ are made 9 ! same way4 ,n t ! ascetic is n an egoi/2 egoi/ic he may inde$ be1 & ) a v5geance4 ,b ev5 :5 an egoi/1 he does n "k h[ to love himself4 ,:5 y see a bull-fight1 ,i cont9u$1 y w und]/& ^! ,*ri/s4 ,! poor bull is also a k9d ( irrational ,*ri/1 a propitiatory victim1 ^: blood cleanses u f n a few ( ! s9s ( b>b>ism4 ,& leads u1 nev]!less1 to o!rs4 ,b is x n true t =giv5ess leads u--unhappy humans6--to s9 aga98 ,my fri5d saw a bull-fight 9 ,madrid & wrote to me z foll[s2 8,y are "r4 ,! ,spani% p likes viol5t spectacles1 :i* beget ! emotion ( trag$y1 or r ( f]ocity4 ,i _h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ ?is at ! bull-fight la/ ,sunday4 ,i und]/ood x also :5 ,i conv]s$ ) v>i\s p1 & 9 p>ticul> ) lit]>y p1 :o te> "o ano!r to pieces ) unp>allel$ f]ocity4 ,poor ,*ri/1 pi]c$ & ba!d ) blood6 ,!re is no hope t ,8 w\nds w ev] heal 9 ^! ,spani% ca!drals or t ! grimace ( ,8 fr5zi$ pa9 w ev] relax--= "h !re is no k ( ! return ( ,jesus to heav51 aft] ,8 m>tyrdom40 ,p]haps--:o kn[s8--our heav5 is m>tyrdom itself4 ,n a few =eign]s :o h le>nt to "k u h be5 /ruck ) ?is f]ocity ) :i*1 "h 9 ,spa91 m5 ( lett]s de/roy "o ano!r4 ,yes1 "h all m51 b p>ticul>ly arti/s & writ]s1 de/roy "o ano!r ) ! f]ocity ( bull-fight]s--or x may be ) ! ,*ri/ian f]ocity ( our ,tang]9e ,*ri/ianity4 ,& ,i1 :o d n l bull-fights & nev] g to see !m1 ,i1 :o d n l flay+ my fell[ writ]s 7= ! (fice ( execution] dirties ! h&s71 ,i l ^! ,tang]9e ,*ri/s1 purple1 livid1 blood-/a9$ & blood-dra9$4 ,yes1 ,i l ^! ble$+ & exsangui\s ,*ri/s4 ,& ! smell ( trag$y6 ,above all1 ! smell ( trag$y6 99 99 99 99 99 ,y %\ld read ! great ,s>mi5to's comp>ison betwe5 bull-fights & trag$y1 9 8 acc\nt ( 8 j\rney 9 ,spa9 ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,9 ! bull-fight !re is none ( ! insupportable unities ( ! pseudo-classical trag$y1 & !re is1 moreov]1 real dy+4 ,real dy+1 &1 above all1 real kill+4 ,! bull is kill$ j z an infidel dog 0 kill$ by a good ,spani% ,*ri/ian 9 ! good old days--really kill$4 ,= _m p1 p]haps = my fri5d ! ,am]ican1 all ?is creates an atmosph]e difficult to brea!1 an acrid atmosph]e4 ,b if y take away ! ta/e1 o!r atmosph]es too become insipid4 ,x is l ! au/]e beauty ( our bleak upl& des]ts4 ,he :o temp]s 8 s\l1 or di/emp]s x--,i "k n :i*--9 ! contemplation ( ^! blood-/a9$ & blood-dra9$ ,*ri/s1 nev] accu/oms himself aft]w>ds to o!rs4 ,& ?is hate1 ?is same hate t circulates ev]y:]e "h1 l a subt]ranean /ream ( lava1 ?is same hate 444 ,x has its s\rce 9 :at is deepe/ 9 ourselves2 we hate ourselves & n "o ano!r only1 b ea* "o 8 own self4 8,b y p h no real love ( life1 al?\gh y are t5aci\s ( x10 ano!r =eign] said to me once1 a ,fr5*man1 z "o :o makes a discov]y4 ,& ,i repli$3 8,p]haps60 ,he exclaim$ aga93 8,b ?is is a v]itable cult ( dea?60 ,& ,i answ]$3 8,( dea?1 no--( immortality60 ,! fe> t if we die1 we die utt]ly & altoge!r1 makes u cl+ to life1 & ! hope ( liv+ ano!r life makes u hate ?is "o4 ,la joie de vivre4 ,x has be5 translat$ la alegra de vivir4 ,b x is only a translation4 ,?is alegra de vivir--let !m say :at !y l--is a gallicism4 ,x is n an au!ntic ,spani% phrase4 ,i d n rememb] to h met ) x 9 any ( our classics4 ,= man's greate/ crime is t ( hav+ be5 born4#a ,inde$ x is6 ,& ?is same lit]>y f]ocity ) :i* our m5 ( lett]s bite & te> & flay & qu>t] "o ano!r is n )\t its %>p voluptu\sness = ! spectator4 ,& x is 9 ?is /rife t our ma/]m9ds are temp]$4 ,_m ( _! ripe/ h be5 produc$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( defamatory cot]ies4 ,& !y c>ry ) !m1 naturally en\gh1 ! acrid flav\r ( _! orig94 ,!y smell ( hate4 ,& ! public1 sc5t+ hate1 becomes excit$ & applauds4 ,applauds z x does at ! bull-fight :5 x smells blood4 ,blood ( ! body or blood ( ! s\l1 :at is !re else8 ,is ?is cultur$8 is ?is civiliz$8 is ?is ,european8 ,i don't "k4 ,b x is ,spani%4 ,ought we to be a%am$ ( x8 ,:y8 ,bett] to probe into x1 scrut9ize x1 /ir up ! dep?s ( x1 make ourselves fully consci\s ( ?is hatr$ ( our own selves4 ,! evil lies 9 our be+ unconsci\s ( x1 = once x is reveal$ to u = :at x is1 a hatr$ & abhorr5ce ( our own selves1 x is already 9 ! way ( becom+ ennobl+ & /r5g!n+ & r$eem+4 ,d y n rememb] t t]rible p>adox ( ! ,gospels ab\t hav+ to hate fa!r & "m & wife & *ildr5 9 ord] to take up ! cross1 ! blood-/a9$ cross1 & foll[ ! ,r$eem]8 ,hatr$ ( ourselves1 :5 x is unconsci\s1 obscure1 purely in/9ctive1 almo/ animal1 eng5d]s egoism2 b :5 x becomes consci\s1 cle>1 rational1 x is able to eng5d] h]oism4 ,& !re is a rational hatr$1 yes1 !re is4 ,yes1 !re is a triumphant1 heav5ly1 glori\s ,*ri/1 ,he ( ! ,transfiguration1 ,he ( ! ,asc5sion1 ,he :o sits at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r2 b ,he is = :5 we %all h triumph$1 = :5 we %all h be5 transfigur$1 = :5 we %all h asc5d$4 ,b = "h & n[1 9 ?is bull-r+ ( ! _w1 9 ?is life :i* is no?+ b tragic bull-fight+1 ! o!r ,*ri/1 ! livid1 ! purple1 ! ble$+ & exsangui\s4 ,,! ,,sepul*re ,,( ,,don ,,quixote ,y ask me1 my fri5d1 if ,i "k ( any way ( loos+ a delirium1 a v]tigo1 any k9d ( madness1 ^u ^! poor ord]$ & tranquil multitudes :o are born1 eat1 sleep1 reproduce !mselves & die4 ,is !re no means1 y ask me1 ( reproduc+ ! epidemic ( ! ,flagellants or ( ! ,t>anti/s8 ,& y talk ( ! mill5nium4 ,l y1 ,i (t5 feel a no/algia = ! ,middle ,ages2 l y1 ,i %\ld l to live 9 ! ?roes ( ! mill5nium4 ,if we c\ld make p believe t on a giv5 day1 say ! #bnd ( ,may1 #aijh1--! c5t5>y ( our %\t ( indep5d5ce--,spa9 w\ld come to an end = ev]1 t on t day we %\ld be scatt]$ l %eep1 !n ,i believe t ! #crd ( ,may1 #aijh1 w\ld be ! greate/ day ( our hi/ory1 ! dawn ( a new life4 ,b n[ x's all hopeless1 utt]ly hopeless4 ,no?+ :atev] matt]s to anybody4 ,& if any isolat$ individual attempts to agitate any problem or "q1 he is suppos$ to be prompt$ ei!r by self-int]e/ or by a ?ir/ = notoriety & a passion = s+ul>iz+ himself4 ,n ev5 madness is und]/ood "h to-day4 ,ev5 ( ! madman !y say t !re is me?od & reason 9 8 madness4 ,! wret*$ multitude takes = grant$ ! reason ( unreason4 ,if our ,"l ,don ,quixote 7 to rise aga9 & return to ?is ,spa9 ( 81 !y w\ld g ab\t look+ = "s ult]ior purpose 9 8 noble extravagances4 ,if any "o d5\nces an abuse1 attacks inju/ice1 fu/igates or?odox platitudes1 ! slavi% cr[d asks3 ,:at is 8 object 9 t8 ,:at is he aim+ at8 ,sometimes !y believe & say t he does x 9 ! hope ( be+ paid to keep quiet2 sometimes t he is actuat$ by base & despicable passions ( v5geance & envy2 sometimes t 8 motive is va+lory1 t he only wants to make a /ir 9 ord] to get himself talk$ ab\t2 sometimes t he does x = ! sake ( kill+ "t1 = amusem5t1 = sport4 ,pity t !re are s few :o g 9 = ?is k9d ( sport6 ,m>k ?is well6--,:5 confront$ by any act ( g5]osity1 ( h]oism1 ( madness1 all ^! /upid ba*elors1 curates & b>b]s ( to-day ?9k only ( ask+3 ,:y does he d x8 ,& z soon z !y ?9k !y h discov]$ ! reason ( ! action1 :e!r _! supposition is correct or n1 !y exclaim3 ,bah6 he has done x = ! sake ( ?is or = ! sake ( t4 ,z soon z !y "k ! raison d'tre ( a ?+1 t ?+ has lo/ all its value = !m4 ,su* are ! uses ( logic1 fil?y logic4 ,to und]/& is to =give1 x has be5 said4 ,& ^! mean s\ls ne$ to und]/& 9 ord] to =give _! be+ humiliat$1 to =give ! indirect reproa* ( de$s & words t %[ up _! own meanness4 ,:5 x has occurr$ to !m to ask !mselves1 /upidly en\gh1 :y ,god made ! _w1 !y h answ]$3 ,= ,8 own glory6 ,& ! fools are z pomp\sly satisfi$ ) ! answ] z if !y knew :at is meant by ! glory ( ,god4 ,?+s are made fir/1 _! :]e=e comes aft]w>ds4 ,give me any new idea ab\t any?+ & x w tell me its :]e=e aft]w>ds4 ,:5ev] ,i put =w>d "s project1 some?+ :i* x appe>s to me ought to be done1 !re is always somebody :o is sure to ask me3 ,& aft]w>ds8 ,to su* a "q ! only possible reply is ano!r "q4 ,to ! 8,& aft]w>ds80 "o c only ripo/ by an 8,& be=e80 ,!re is no future1 !re is nev] any future4 ,?is ?+ t is call$ ! future is "o ( ! greate/ ( deceptions4 ,! real future is to-day4 ,:at is go+ to happ5 to u to-morr[8 ,!re is no to-morr[4 ,:at is happ5+ to u to-day8 ,t is ! only "q4 ,& s f> z to-day is conc]n$1 all ^! petty s\ls are q cont5t because to-day !y exi/4 ,exi/+ suffices !m4 ,exi/5ce1 %e]1 nak$ exi/5ce1 fills _! :ole s\l4 ,!y don't feel t !re is some?+ m ?an exi/+4 ,b d !y exi/8 ,d !y really exi/8 ,i believe n4 ,= if !y exi/$1 if !y really exi/$1 !y w\ld suff] because !y exi/$1 exi/+ w\ld n cont5t !m4 ,if !y really & truly exi/$ 9 "t & 9 space !y w\ld suff] because !y did n exi/ 9 et]nity & 9 inf9ity4 ,& ?is suff]+1 ?is passion1 :i* is no?+ o!r ?an ! passion ( ,god 9 u1 ( ,god :o 9 u suff]s at feel+ ,himself imprison$ 9 our f9itude & our temporality1 ?is div9e suff]+ w\ld cause !m to break all ^? paltry logical *a9s ) :i* !y seek to b9d _! paltry memories to _! paltry hopes1 ! illusion ( _! pa/ to ! illusion ( _! future4 8,:y does he d x80 ,did ,san*o1 p]*ance1 nev] inquire :y ,don ,quixote did ! ?+s t he did8 ,& to return to y\r "q1 to y\r preoccupation3 ,) :at collective madness c\ld we inoculate ^! tranquil multitudes8 ,) :at delirium8 ,y y\rself h h9t$ at a solution 9 "o ( ^? lett]s 9 :i* y bomb>d me ) que/ions4 8,d y n believe10 y ask$ me1 8t x might be possible to />t "s new crusade80 ,yes1 ,i believe t x is possible to />t ! holy crusade = ! r$emption ( ! sepul*re ( ,don ,quixote f ! dom9ion ( ! ba*elors1 curates1 b>b]s1 dukes & canons :o h tak5 possession ( x4 ,i believe t x is possible to />t ! holy crusade = ! r$emption ( ! sepul*re ( ! ,knight ( ,folly f ! dom9ion ( ! m&>9s ( ,reason4 ,!y w def5d _! usurpation1 naturally1 & w endeav\r to prove ) _m & elaborate reasons t ! gu>d & cu/ody ( ! sepul*re belongs to !m4 ,!y gu>d x 9 ord] t ! ,knight %all n rise aga94 ,^! reasons mu/ be answ]$ ) insults1 ) /one-?r[+s1 ) %\ts ( passion1 ) lance-?ru/s4 ,^! p are n to be reason$ )4 ,if y try to reason aga9/ _! reasons1 y are lo/4 ,if !y ask y1 z !y usually d1 by :at "r y claim ! sepul*re1 answ] no?+4 ,!y w f9d out aft]w>ds4 ,aft]w>ds 444 p]haps :5 bo? !y & y no long] exi/1 at any rate n 9 ?is _w ( appe>ances4 ,& ?is holy crusade has "o great advantage ov] ^? o!r holy crusades :i* spread ! dawn ( a new life ^u ?is old _w4 ,^? o!r ard5t crusad]s knew :]e ! sepul*re ( ,*ri/ 01 :]e x 0 said t x 02 b our new crusad]s w n "k :]e ! sepul*re ( ,don ,quixote is to be f\nd4 ,x mu/ be s\ght = 9 ! act ( fight+ to r$eem x4 ,y\r quixotesque madness has l$ y m ?an once to speak to me ( quixotism z ( a new religion4 ,& ,i mu/ tell y t ?is new religion :i* y propose1 if x %\ld ev] come to mat]ialize1 w\ld h two notable *>act]i/ics4 ,fir/1 t we are n sure :e!r its f\nd]1 its prophet1 ,don ,quixote--n ,c]vantes1 ( c\rse--0 a real man1 a man ( fle% & bone2 inde$1 we r suspect t he 0 a pure fiction4 ,& second1 t ?is prophet 0 a ridicul\s prophet2 ! butt & laugh+-/ock ( ! _w4 ,x is c\rage t we ne$ mo/ ( all--c\rage to face ridicule4 ,ridicule is ! weapon wield$ by all ! mis]able ba*elors1 b>b]s1 curates1 canons & dukes :o gu>d ! hidd5 sepul*re ( ! ,knight ( ,folly4 ,! ,knight :o made all ! _w laugh b nev] made a joke himself4 ,he _h too great a s\l to make jokes4 ,he 0 laugh$ at = 8 s]i\sness4 ,beg9 !n1 my fri5d1 to play ,pet] ! ,h]mit & call ! p to jo9 y1 to jo9 u1 & let u all g to r$eem ?is sepul*re :i* lies we "k n :]e4 ,! crusade itself w reveal ! holy place to u4 ,y w see t z soon z ! sacr$ squadron beg9s to m>*1 a new /> w appe> 9 ! sky1 a bright & s\nd+ />1 :i* w s+ a new song 9 ! long night t encompasses u1 & ! /> w beg9 to move :5 ! squadron ( ! crusad]s beg9s to m>*1 & :5 !y h conqu]$ 9 _! crusade1 or :5 !y h all succumb$--:i* is p]haps ! only way ( truly conqu]+--! /> w fall f ! sky1 & ! place :]e x falls w be ! place ( ! sepul*re4 ,! sepul*re w be :]e ! squadron dies4 ,& :]e ! sepul*re is1 !re is ! cradle1 !re is ! bir?-place4 ,& f !re ! bright & s\nd+ /> w m\nt aga9 heav5w>ds4444 ,"q me no m1 de> fri5d4 ,:5 y =ce me to speak ( ^! ?+s1 y =ce me to br+ to light f ! dep?s ( my he>t1 sick ) ! atmosph]e ( conv5tionality t h>asses & oppresses me on all sides1 sick ) ! slime ( ! sl\gh ( falsehood 9 :i* we are mir$1 sick ) scrabbl+ c[>dice :i* %[s itself on e h&1 y =ce me to br+ to light f ! dep?s ( my sick he>t visions )\t reason1 concepts )\t logic1 ?+s ( :i* ,i "k n ! mean+ & ^: mean+ ,i d n wi% to try to fa?om4 ,:at d y mean by t8 y ask me yet aga94 ,& ,i reply3 ,p]haps ,i don't ev5 "k myself4 ,no1 my fri5d1 no4 ,! mean+ ( _m ( ^! utt]ances ( my _s ,i d n "k myself1 or r x is n ,i :o "k !m4 ,!re is someone )9 me :o dictates !m to me1 :o speaks !m to me4 ,i obey him & ,i nev] p5etrate )9 to behold 8 face or to ask 8 "n4 ,only ,i "k t if ,i beheld 8 face & if he told me 8 "n1 ,i %\ld die t he might live4 ,i am a%am$ ( hav+ sometimes creat$ fictiti\s be+s1 ! p]sonages ( my novels1 9 ord] t ,i might put into _! m\?s t :i* ,i d>e n put into my own & make !m say 9 je/ :at ,i feel 9 deadly e>ne/4 ,y "k me1 & y "k h[ f> ,i am f int5tionally go+ 9 se>* ( p>adoxes1 extravagances1 & mann]isms--:atev] "s dull fools may ?9k4 ,y & ,i1 my good fri5d1 my only absolute fri5d1 h (t5 debat$ betwe5 ourselves z to :at madness really is1 & we h comm5t$ ^u t say+ ( ,ibs5's ,br&1 ! spiritual son ( ,ki]kega>d1 to ! effect t ! man :o is mad is ! man :o is alone4 ,& we h agre$ t madness ceases to be madness :5 x becomes collective1 :5 x is ! madness ( a :ole p1 ( ! :ole human race p]haps4 ,9 s f> z a halluc9ation becomes collective1 becomes popul>1 becomes social1 x ceases to be a halluc9ation & becomes a reality1 some?+ t is ext]nal to ea* "o ( ^? :o %>e x4 ,& y & ,i are agre$ t ! multitudes1 ! p1 our ,spani% p1 mu/ be inoculat$ ) "s madness or o!r1 ! madness ( "s "o ( its memb]s :o is mad--b really mad1 n mad only 9 je/4 ,mad1 & n fooli%4 ,y & ,i1 my good fri5d1 h be5 sc&aliz$ at t :i* !y call "h fanaticism & :i*--to our %ame be x said--is n fanaticism at all4 ,no1 no?+ is fanaticism t is regulat$ & re/ra9$ & direct$ by ba*elors1 curates1 b>b]s1 canons & dukes2 no?+ is fanaticism t c>ries a bann] inscrib$ ) logical =mulas1 no?+ t has a program1 no?+ t holds out = to-morr[ m]ely a proposition t an orator c develop me?odically 9 a spee*4 ,once--d y rememb]8--we saw a gr\p ( eight or t5 y\?s & "o ( !m said3 8,let's d some?+ ra%60 & ! o!rs foll[$ him4 ,& y & ,i long = ! p to get toge!r & %\t3 8,let's d some?+ ra%60 & beg9 to m>*4 ,& if any ba*elor1 any b>b]1 any curate1 any canon or any duke %\ld /op !m & say3 8,my *ildr51 t's "r6 ,i see t y are bur/+ ) h]oism & righte\s indignation4 ,i also w g ) y4 ,b be=e we all g1 & ,i along ) y1 to d ?is ra% de$1 don't y ?9k t we ought to agree z to ! ra%ness t we are go+ to commit80--if any ( ^! m&>9s %\ld /op !m & say t1 !n !y ought to knock him d[n on ! spot & walk ov] him1 trampl+ on him1 & t w\ld be a beg9n+ ( ! h]oic ra%ness4 ,don't y ?9k1 my fri5d1 t !re are _m lonely s\ls among/ u ^: he>t craves = "s ra%ness1 some?+ to set x aflame8 ,g !n & see if y c't ga!r !m toge!r & =m !m into a squadron & />t u on ! m>*--= ,i w g ) !m & m>* beh9d y--to r$eem ! sepul*re ( ,don ,quixote1 :i* lies1 ?ank ,god1 we "k n :]e4 ,! bright & s\nd+ /> w tell u4 ,b--y say 9 y\r h\rs ( depression1 :5 y\r _s fails y--may x n be t :5 we ?9k we are m>*+ =w>d into new c\ntries1 we are really all ! "t revolv+ r\nd ! same spot8 ,9 t case ! /> w re/ quietly ov] our heads & ! sepul*re w be )9 u4 ,& !n ! /> w fall1 b x w fall 9 ord] t x may bury itself 9 our s\ls4 ,& our s\ls w be turn$ to light1 & :5 !y are all fus$ toge!r 9 ! bright & s\nd+ />1 ! /> w m\nt upw>ds1 bright] /ill1 & x w *ange into a sun1 a sun ( et]nal melody1 to light5 ! sky ( our r$eem$ c\ntry4 ,=w>d !n6 ,& take c>e t no ba*elors1 b>b]s1 curates1 canons or dukes disguis$ z ,san*o ,panzas jo9 ! sacr$ squadron ( crusad]s4 ,no matt] if !y ask y = isl&s2 :at y h got to d is to ?r[ !m out directly !y ask to be in=m$ ( ! it9]>y ( ! m>*1 directly !y beg9 to talk ab\t a program1 directly !y :isp] to y & ask y1 malici\sly1 to tell !m ! :]eab\ts ( ! sepul*re4 ,foll[ ! />6 ,& d l ! ,knight--r$ress ! wrong t lies 9 front ( y4 ,d n[ :at is to be done n[2 d "h :at is to be done "h4 ,beg9 ! m>*6 ,:]e are we go+8 ,! /> answ]s3 ,to ! sepul*re6 ,:at are we go+ to d on ! way1 z we m>*8 ,:at8 ,fight6 ,fight1 & h[8 ,h[8 ,if y come across a man :o is tell+ lies1 %\t out ,li>6 9 8 face1 & =w>d6 ,if y come across a man :o is /eal+1 %\t out ,?ief6 & =w>d6 ,if y come across a man :o is talk+ fool-talk to a cr[d li/5+ ) gap+ m\?s1 %\t out ,idiots6 & =w>d6 ,always =w>d6 8,& is ?is ! way10 a w\ld-be crusad] asks me1 8t y propose to aboli% ly+ & ?iev+ & fooli%ness f ! _w80 ,:y n8 ,! mo/ pusillanim\s ( all pusillanimities1 ! mo/ dete/able & pe/il5t sophi/ry ( c[>dice1 is t ( say+ t x is no use d5\nc+ a ?ief because o!rs w g on /eal+1 t no?+ is ga9$ by call+ a fool a fool to 8 face1 = ?is w n less5 ! sum ( fooli%ness 9 ! _w4 ,yes1 x has got to be repeat$ a ?\s& & "o times--if y c f9i% once1 only once1 utt]ly & = ev]1 ) only "o li>1 !n y w h f9i%$ ) ly+ = good & all4 ,m>* !n6 ,& ?r[ out ( ! sacr$ squadron all ^? :o beg9 to pay too mu* att5tion to ! /ep t has to be kept on ! m>*1 to its "t & rhy?m4 ,above all1 out ) ^? :o are always talk+ ab\t rhy?m4 ,!y w turn y\r squadron into a quadrille & ! m>* into a dance4 ,out ) !m6 ,let !m g & s+ to ! fle% some:]e else4 ,^? :o w\ld seek to turn y\r m>*+ squadron into a quadrille call !mselves & call "o ano!r poets4 ,!y are n4 ,!y are any?+ else y l4 ,!y only g to ! sepul*re out ( curiosity1 to see :at x is l1 to get a new s5sation1 & to amuse !mselves on ! way4 ,out ) !m6 ,!y x is ^: ,bohemian tol]ance contributes to ! ma9t5ance ( c[>dice & falsehood & all ! o!r ignom9ies t ov]:elm u4 ,:5 !y prea* lib]ty1 ! only lib]ty !y are ?9k+ ab\t is t ( mak+ free ) _! neighb\r's wife4 ,!y are compact ( s5suality1 & !y h a s5sual attitude ev5 to ! great ideas t !y are enam\r$ (4 ,!y are incapable ( m>ry+ !mselves to any great & pure idea & begett+ a family ^u x2 !y only intoxicate !mselves ) ideas4 ,!y make mi/resses ( !m1 & sometimes tire ( !m aft] a s+le night4 ,out ) !m6 ,if :5 on ! m>* anyone wants to pluck a fl[] t smiles by ! roadside1 let him pluck x1 b 9 pass+1 )\t /opp+1 & let him foll[ ! squadron1 ^: lead] mu/ n take 8 eyes (f ! bright & s\nd+ />4 ,& if he fa/5s ! fl[] to 8 brea/plate1 n to look at himself b = o!rs to look at1 out ) him6 ,let him g (f1 ) 8 fl[] 9 8 buttonhole1 & dance some:]e else4 ,li/51 my fri5d4 ,if y wi% to fulfil y\r mission & s]ve y\r c\ntry1 y mu/ ne$s make y\rself hateful to all ^? s5sible "y m5 :o see ! _w only ?r\gh ! eyes ( ! woman !y love4 ,or worse /ill3 y\r words mu/ be /rid5t & bitt] 9 _! e>s4 ,! squadron mu/ halt only at night1 at ! edge ( ! wood or 9 ! %ad[ ( ! m\nta94 ,! crusad]s w pit* _! t5ts1 !y w wa% _! feet1 !y w sup on :at _! wives h prep>$ = !m1 & aft]w>ds !y w beget sons on !m1 !y w give !m a kiss1 & !n !y w fall asleep & ! foll[+ day !y w cont9ue _! m>*4 ,& :5 any "o ( !m dies1 !y w leave him by ! roadside1 %r\d$ 9 8 arm\r1 to ! m]cy ( ! rav5s4 ,let ! dead bury _! dead4 ,if dur+ ! m>* anyone essays to play ! fife or ! pipe or ! flute or ! guit> or :atev] x may be1 break 8 in/rum5t & ?r[ him out ( ! ranks1 = he h9d]s ! o!rs f he>+ ! song ( ! />4 ,&1 :at is m1 he himself does n he> x4 ,& he :o does n he> ! cele/ial song mu/ n g 9 que/ ( ! sepul*re ( ! ,knight4 ,!y w talk to y1 ^! poet-danc]s4 ,pay no he$ to !m4 ,he :o beg9s to play 8 ,pan-pipes b5ea? ! sky ( heav5 & does n he> ! music ( ! sph]es1 does n des]ve to he> x4 ,he does n "k ! abyss-deep dep?s ( ! poetry ( fanaticism1 he does n "k ! inf9ite poetry ( empty temples1 )\t lights1 )\t ornam5t1 )\t images1 )\t pomps1 )\t inc5se1 )\t any?+ ( :at is call$ art4 ,?r[ all ^! ,pan-pipe danc]s out ( ! squadron4 ,?r[ !m out be=e !y leave y = a mess ( pottage4 ,!y are ! cynical philosoph]s1 ! tol]ant ,bohemians1 ! good fell[s :o und]/& ev]y?+ & =give ev]y?+4 ,& he :o und]/&s ev]y?+ und]/&s no?+ & he :o =gives ev]y?+ =gives no?+4 ,!y h no scruples ab\t sell+ !mselves4 ,z !y live 9 two worlds at ! same "t1 !y are able to pres]ve _! lib]ty 9 ! o!r _w & sell !mselves z slaves 9 ?is4 ,!y s]ve art & at ! same "t !y are ! s]vants ( ,lpez or ,prez or ,rodriguez4 ,x has be5 said t hung] & love are ! two ma9spr+s ( human life4 ,( ?is l[ human life1 ( ! life ( e>?4 ,! danc]s dance only because ( hung] or because ( love2 hung] ( ! fle%1 love also ( ! fle%4 ,?r[ !m out ( ! squadron & let !m dance _! fill 9 yond] mead[1 :ile "o plays ! pipe1 ano!r claps 8 h&s to ! music1 & ano!r s+s 9 praise ( 8 pottage or ( 8 mi/ress's ?ighs4 ,& !re let !m inv5t new dance/eps1 new pir\ettes1 new figures ( a rigadoon4 ,& if anyone %all come to y & say t he kn[s h[ to con/ruct bridges & t p]haps a "t w come :5 y w wi% to avail y\rself ( 8 sci5ce 9 ord] to cross ov] a riv]1 out ) him6 ,out ) ! eng9e]6 ,riv]s w be cross$ by wad+ or swimm+ !m1 ev5 if half ! crusad]s dr[n !mselves4 ,let ! eng9e] g (f & build bridges some:]e else1 :]e !y are badly want$4 ,= ^? :o g 9 que/ ( ! sepul*re1 fai? is bridge en\gh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,my fri5d1 if y want to fulfil y\r task duly1 di/ru/ art1 di/ru/ sci5ce1 or at any rate di/ru/ t :i* is call$ art & sci5ce & :i* is no?+ b a wret*$ mock]y ( true art & true sci5ce4 ,let y\r fai? suffice y4 ,y\r fai? w be y\r art1 y\r fai? w be y\r sci5ce4 ,m ?an once1 :5 ,i obs]v$ :at pa9s y take 9 compos+ y\r lett]s1 ,i h d\bt$ :e!r y w\ld be able to accompli% y\r "w4 ,!y are full ( erasures1 em5dations1 corrections1 ,pan-pip+s4 ,!y don't jet =? viol5tly1 driv+ out ! plug4 ,occasionally y\r lett]s deg5]ate into lit]ature1 into t fil?y lit]ature :i* is ! natural ally ( all slav]ies & ( all ignom9ies4 ,slav$riv]s "k well en\gh t :5 ! slave is s++ a hymn to lib]ty1 he is consol+ himself = 8 slav]y & n ?9k+ ab\t break+ 8 *a94 ,b at o!r times ,i rega9 my fai? & hope 9 y :5 ,i feel b5ea? ! hurry+1 spontane\s1 cacophon\s words ! voice trembl+ ) ! fev] t consumes y4 ,!re are times :5 y\r spee* may be said to belong to no det]m9ate language4 ,let ev]yone translate x into 8 own4 ,aim at liv+ 9 a cont9ual v]tigo ( passion1 be ! passion t dom9ates y :at x may4 ,only m5 ( passion a*ieve works t really live & be> fruit4 ,:5 y he> x said ( someone t 8 works are impeccable1 9 :i*ev] s5se t /upid ^w is employ$1 fly f him--above all if he is an arti/4 ,j z ! man :o is mo/ a fool is he :o has nev] done or said a fooli% ?+1 s ! arti/ :o is lea/ a poet1 mo/ anti-poetic--& among arti/s anti-poetic natures are common--is ! impeccable arti/1 ! arti/ :om ! ,pan-pipe danc]s decorate ) ! pa/ebo>d laurel cr[n ( impeccability4 ,y are consum$1 my fri5d1 ) a p]petual fev]1 ) a ?ir/ = unfa?omable1 %oreless oceans1 ) a hung] = univ]ses1 ) a home-sickness = et]nity4 ,reason is suff]+ to y4 ,& y don't "k :at y want4 ,& n[1 n[ y want to g to ! sepul*re ( ! ,knight ( ,folly & !re dissolve y\rself 9 te>s1 consume y\rself 9 fev]1 die ( y\r ?ir/ = oceans1 ( y\r hung] = univ]ses1 ( y\r home-sickness = et]nity4 ,beg9 to m>*1 alone4 ,all ! o!r lonely s\ls w m>* by y\r side1 ev5 ?\gh y don't see !m4 ,ea* "o w ?9k t he m>*es alone1 b toge!r y w =m a sacr$ battalion1 ! battalion ( ! holy & un5d+ crusade4 ,y don't yet und]/&1 my good fri5d1 h[ all lonely s\ls1 )\t kn[+ "o ano!r1 )\t behold+ "o ano!r's face1 )\t kn[+ "o ano!r's names1 j\rney toge!r & l5d "o ano!r mutual support4 ,! o!rs1 ^? :o are n lonely1 talk ab\t "o ano!r1 (f] "o ano!r _! h&s1 congratulate "o ano!r1 belaud & d5igrate "o ano!r1 *att] among !mselves--& ea* "o goes 8 own way4 ,& !y all fly f ! sepul*re4 ,y don't belong to ! cot]ie b to ! battalion ( free crusad]s4 ,:y d y hov] r\nd ! walls ( ! cot]ie to he> :at !y are cackl+ ab\t inside8 ,no1 my fri5d1 no6 ,:5 y pass close to a cot]ie1 /op y\r e>s1 fl+ y\r ^w & g /raight on1 on to ! sepul*re4 ,& let ! ^w t y fl+ vibrate ) all y\r ?ir/1 ) all y\r hung]1 ) all y\r home-sickness1 ) all y\r love4 ,i rememb] t unhappy lett] t y wrote me :5 y 7 on ! po9t ( succumb+1 ( yield+1 ( jo9+ ! confrat]nity4 ,i saw !n h[ mu* y\r solitude weigh$ ^u y1 t solitude :i* mu/ be y\r consolation & y\r /r5g?4 ,y _h arriv$ at ! mo/ t]rible & desolat+ /ate ( all2 y _h approa*$ ! br9k ( ! precipice ( y\r p]dition2 y _h come to d\bt y\r solitude1 y _h come to believe t y 7 surr\nd$ by companions4 8,may n ?is notion t ,i am alone10 y said1 8be m]e cavill+1 ! fruit ( pride1 ( petulance1 p]haps ( madness8 ,= :5 ,i am tranquil1 ,i see myself companion$1 ,i feel my h& w>mly clasp$1 ,i he> voices ( enc\ragem5t1 words ( sympa?y1 ,i receive all k9ds ( pro(s t ,i am n alone--f> f x40 ,& ,i saw y deceiv$ & lo/1 ,i saw y fly+ f ! sepul*re4 ,no1 y are n deceiv$ 9 ! accesses ( y\r fev]1 9 ! agonies ( y\r ?ir/1 9 ! angui% ( y\r hung]2 y are alone1 et]nally alone4 ,n only are ! bites t y feel really bites1 b ^? t seem l kisses are bites too4 ,^? :o applaud y are hiss+ y1 !y want to /op y m>*+ to ! sepul*re :5 !y %\t 8,=w>d60 ,/op y\r e>s4 ,&1 above all1 bew>e ( a t]rible temptation--h[ev] mu* y may try to %ake x (f1 x w return to y ) ! p]t9acity ( a fly--bew>e ( ! temptation to conc]n y\rself ) h[ y appe> to o!rs4 ,?9k only ( h[ y appe> to ,god1 ?9k only ( ! idea t ,god has ( y4 ,y are alone1 mu* m alone ?an y imag9e1 & yet1 ev5 s1 y h n arriv$ at absolute1 utt]1 real solitude4 ,absolute1 utt]1 real solitude consi/s 9 n be+ ev5 ) y\rself4 ,& y w n be really1 utt]ly1 absolutely alone until y h empti$ y\rself ( y\rself1 by ! side ( ! sepul*re4 ,holy ,solitude6 99 99 99 99 99 ,all ?is ,i said to my fri5d1 & he answ]$ me1 9 a long lett]1 full ( furi\s dismay1 9 ^! words3 8,all t y say is good1 v good4 ,b don't y ?9k t in/ead ( go+ 9 que/ ( ! sepul*re ( ,don ,quixote & r$eem+ x f ! ba*elors1 curates1 b>b]s1 canons & dukes1 we ought to g 9 que/ ( ! sepul*re ( ,god & rescue x f ! a!i/s & dei/s :o occupy x1 & !re1 giv+ voice to our supreme despair & dissolv+ our he>t 9 te>s1 wait = ,god to rise aga9 & save u f no?+ness80 ,,! ,,helmet ,,( ,,mambr9o 8,pray1 good g5tlem510 said ! b>b]1#b 8let u h y\r op9ion 9 ?is matt]4 ,i suppose y w grant ?is same helmet to be a bas980 8,he t d>es grant any su* ?+10 said ,don ,quixote1 8mu/ "k t he lies pla9ly1 if he is a knight2 b1 if a squire1 he lies abom9ably40 ,t's "r1 my "l ,don ,quixote1 t's "r4 ,x is c\rage1 x is ! b>efac$ c\rage t is ready to affirm a ?+ al\d & be=e all ! _w & to def5d ! affirmation ( x to ! dea?1 x is c\rage t creates all tru?s4 ,?+s are s mu* ! tru] ! m !y are believ$1 & x is n intellig5ce b w t imposes !m ^u ! _w4 8,n[ ,i swe> be=e y all10 said ,don ,quixote1 8by ! ord] ( knigh?ood :i* ,i pr(ess1 t t is ! same individual helmet :i* ,i won f him1 )\t ! lea/ addition or dim9ution40 ,to :i* ,san*o add$1 9 timid support ( 8 ma/]3 8,t ,i w swe>1 = s9ce my "l won x1 he nev] f\ght b once 9 x1 & t 0 ! battle :]e9 he fre$ ^? ungraci\s galley-slaves1 :o by ! same tok5 w\ld h knock$ out 8 bra9s ) a %[] ( /ones1 _h n ?is same hone/ bas9-helmet sav$ 8 skull40 ,9 8,! ,tragic ,s5se ( ,life0 ,unamuno says3 8,i wrote my ,vida de ,don ,quixote y ,san*o 9 opposition to ! ,c]vanti/s & erudite p]sons1 9 ord] to make a liv+ "w ( :at 0 & /ill is = ! majority a dead lett]4 ,:at does x matt] to me :at ,c]vantes int5d$ or did n int5d to put into x & :at he actually did put into x8 ,:at is liv+ 9 x is :at ,i myself discov] 9 x1 :e!r ,c]vantes put x !re or n1 :at ,i myself put into & "u & ov] x1 & :at we all put into x4 ,i want$ to track d[n our philosophy 9 x40 ,read]s ( ,don ,quixote w recall ! enc\nt] betwe5 ! ,knight ( ,la ,man*a & ! b>b] :o _h clapp$ 8 brass bas9 on 8 head to keep 8 hat f be+ spoil$ by ! ra94 ,hav+ r\t$ 8 enemy1 ! ,knight seiz$ ! bas91 :i* he ass]t$ to be ! gold5 helmet ( ,mambr9o1 a fam\s ,s>ac5 7see ,orl&o ,furioso1 ,canto ,i74 ,:5 aft]w>ds ! b>b] met ,don ,quixote at an inn & claim$ 8 bas91 ! dispute z to :e!r x 0 really a bas9 or a helmet 0 ref]r$ to ! re/ ( ! company1 "s ( :om sid$ ) ! ,knight & o!rs ) ! b>b]4 ,bas9-helmet8 ,bas9-helmet1 ,san*o8 ,we mu/ n d y ! inju/ice to suppose t y\r call+ x a bas9-helmet 0 "o ( y\r sly jokes--no1 x m>ks ! progress ( y\r fai?4 ,y 7 unable to pass f :at y\r eyes assur$ y (1 %[+ y ! object 9 dispute 9 ! lik5ess ( a bas91 to :at fai? 9 y\r ma/] assur$ y1 %[+ x to y 9 ! lik5ess ( a helmet1 )\t cat*+ at ?is compromise ( a bas9-helmet4 ,9 ?is respect !re are _m ,san*os l y & y h inv5t$ ?is notion t virtue consi/s 9 ! via m$ia4 ,no1 fri5d ,san*o1 no1 !re is no bas9-helmet t is wor? a /raw4 ,x is a helmet or x is a bas9 accord+ to him :o uses x1 or r x is bas9 & helmet at ! same "t = x s]ves bo? turns4 ,)\t ! lea/ addition or dim9ution x c & ought to be bo? helmet & bas91 all ( x helmet & all ( x bas92 b :at x c nev] be nor ought to be1 h[ev] mu* be add$ to x or tak5 away f x1 is bas9-helmet4 ,! b>b] to :om ! bas9 belong$ f\nd ! o!r b>b]1 ,ma/] ,nicolas1 & ,don ,f]n&o & ! curate & ,c>d5io & ! judge m emphatic1 = to ! amazem5t ( all ! o!rs :o 7 pres5t !y insi/$ t x 0 a helmet4 ,"o ( ! f\r pursuivants1 reg>d+ ?is z a labori\s joke1 became annoy$ & treat$ ^? :o said x 0 a helmet z if !y 7 drunk4 ,don ,quixote call$ him a li> & hurl$ himself ^u him2 bo? sides prep>$ = battle & fell to bl[s4 ,!n x 0 t ,don ,quixote1 ?9k+ t he 0 c]ta9ly involv$ 9 ! disord] & confusion ( ,k+ ,agramant's camp1 lift$ up 8 voice & quiet$ ! tumult4 ,:at6 x surprises y t ! "q z to :e!r ! bas9 0 a bas9 or a helmet %\ld h giv5 rise to a g5]al dispute8 ,o!r & m involv$ disputes h brok5 out 9 ! _w ) reg>d to o!r bas9s & ^? n belong+ to ,mambr9o4 ,z to :e!r bread is bread & w9e w9e & ! l4 ,human %eep flock r\nd ,knights ( ! ,fai? & ma9ta9 = v>i\s reasons or = no reason at all1 t ! bas9 is a helmet1 z ! ,knights ass]t1 & !y are surpris+ly rew>d$ = s ma9ta9+ x1 & ! /range ?+ is t mo/ ( ^? :o cont5d t x is a helmet really believe x to be a bas94 ,! h]oism ( ,don ,quixote communicat$ itself to 8 mock]s1 :o became quixotiz$ 9 spite ( !mselves1 & ,don ,f]n&o made "o ( ! pursuivants measure 8 l5g? on ! gr\nd because he _h d>$ to ma9ta9 t ! bas9 0 n a helmet b a bas94 ,h]oical ,don ,f]n&o6 ,?us we see ,don ,quixote's mock]s mock$ by him1 quixotiz$ 9 _! own despite1 jo9+ 9 ! fray & fight+ ) all _! might to def5d ! ,fai? ( ! ,knight1 al?\gh )\t %>+ x4 ,i am conv9c$--al?\gh ,c]vantes does n tell u s--,i am conv9c$ t ! p>tisans ( ! ,knight1 ! quixoti/s or helmeti/s1 aft] hav+ receiv$ & adm9i/]$ puni%m5t1 began !mselves to d\bt :e!r ! bas9 7 a bas9 & to believe t x really 0 ! helmet ( ,mambr9o1 = _! ribs bore evid5ce ( _! belief4 ,x mu/ be affirm$ "h yet aga9 t x is m>tyrs :o create fai? r ?an fai? t creates m>tyrs4 ,9 few ( 8 adv5tures does ,don ,quixote appe> great] ?an 9 ?is "o1 9 :i* he imposes 8 fai? ^u ^? :o mock$ at x1 s t !y are l$ to def5d x ) kicks & bl[s & to suff] = x4 ,& :at 0 x t inspir$ !m to d s8 ,simply 8 c\rage 9 affirm+ be=e ev]ybody t t bas91 :i* he no less ?an !y saw ) 8 own eyes to be a bas91 0 ! helmet ( ,mambr9o1 = to him x s]v$ ! (fice ( a helmet4 ,?is is ! c\rage ( ! pure/ wat]--t :i* resi/s n m]ely a %ock to ! reason or decay ( =tune or loss ( hon\r1 b also be+ tak5 = a madman & an idiot4 ,?is is ! c\rage t we ne$ 9 ,spa9 & our s\l rema9s p>alys$ because ( ! lack ( x4 ,x is because ( ! lack ( x t we are nei!r p[]ful nor weal?y nor cultur$2 x is because ( ! lack ( x t we h no sy/em ( irrigation1 no good h>ve/s2 x is because ( ! lack ( x t x doesn't ra9 m on our dr\ght-p>*$ fields1 or t :5 x does ra9 x ra9s 9 torr5ts1 sweep+ away ! manure & sometimes sweep+ away ! h\ses too4 ,?is seems to y l a p>adox8 ,g into ! c\ntry & propose to any f>m] "s improvem5t 9 8 me?ods ( cultivation or ! introduction ( a new k9d ( crop or ( a new agricultural ma*9e1 & he w say3 8,t doesn't pay "h40 8,h y tri$ x80 y ask1 & he simply repeats3 8,t doesn't pay "h40 ,he doesn't "k :e!r x pays or :e!r x doesn't pay1 = he hasn't tri$ x & doesn't mean to try x4 ,he w\ld try x if he 7 sure ( its success be=eh&1 b ! prospect ( ! possibility ( a failure1 ) ! consequ5t mock]y & d]ision ( 8 neighb\rs1 ! possibility ( _! tak+ him = a delud$ fool or a lunatic1 ?is prospect t]rifies him & s he doesn't exp]im5t4 ,& !n p are surpris$ at ! triumph ( ^? :o h ! c\rage to face ridicule s]5ely1 ( ^? :o rid !mselves ( ! h]d-in/9ct4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,salamanca !re 0 a rem>kable man :o rose f ! greate/ pov]ty to be a millionaire4 ,! peasants ( ! di/rict1 ) ! %eep-l in/9cts ( _! k9d1 7 only able to expla9 8 success by suppos+ t 9 8 y\ng] days he _h embezzl$ money1 = ^! wret*$ peasants1 cru/$ ov] ) common s5se & entirely lack+ 9 moral c\rage1 believe only 9 !ft & ! lott]y4 ,b "o day ,i 0 told ( a quixotic feat :i* ?is cattle f>m] _h p]=m$4 ,x seems t he _h br\ght sea-bream's spawn f ! ,cantabrian coa/ to put 9 "o ( 8 ponds6 ,:5 ,i he>d t1 ,i und]/ood ev]y?+4 ,he :o has ! c\rage to face ! je]s :i* are b\nd to be provok$ by br++ ! spawn ( a salt-wat] fi% to put 9 a pond 9 ,ca/ile1 he :o does t des]ves 8 =tune4 ,b x 0 absurd1 y say8 ,& :o kn[s :at is absurd & :at is n8 ,& ev5 if x 76 ,only he :o attempts ! absurd is capable ( a*iev+ ! impossible4 ,!re is only "o way ( hitt+ ! nail on ! head & t is by hamm]+ on ! %oe a hundr$ times4 ,& !re is only "o way ( a*iev+ a real triumph & t is by fac+ ridicule ) s]5ity4 ,& x is because our agriculturi/s hav5't ! c\rage to face ridicule t our agriculture langui%es 9 its pres5t backw>d condition4 ,yes1 all our ills spr+ f moral c[>dice1 f ! individual's lack ( /aun* resolution 9 affirm+ 8 own tru?1 8 own fai?1 & def5d+ x4 ,! s\l ( ?is p1 ?is flock ( somnol5t %eep1 is smo!r$ & swa!d 9 falsehood1 & _! /upidity proce$s f _! v excess ( prud5ce4 ,x is claim$ t !re are c]ta9 pr9ciples t are beyond discussion & :5 anyone attempts to criticize !m ! air r+s ) %\ts ( prote/4 ,n long ago ,i propos$ t we %\ld dem& ! abolition ( c]ta9 ( ! articles ( our law ( ,public ,in/ruction1 & a pack ( poltroons began to bell[ t su* a c\rse 0 inopportune & imp]t95t1 n to m5tion /rong] & m (f5sive epi!ts t 7 us$4 ,i am sick ( he>+ ev]y?+ t is mo/ opportune call$ inopportune1 ev]y?+ t t5ds to di/urb ! dige/ion ( ! full-belli$ & infuriates fools4 ,:at are !y afraid (8 ,t x w result 9 a brawl8 t a new civil w> w break out8 ,bett] & bett]4 ,t's :at we ne$4 ,yes1 t's :at we ne$--a new civil w>4 ,x is necess>y to ass]t t bas9s ought to be & are helmets & to get up a fight ab\t x l ! fight !y got up at ! inn4 ,a new civil w>1 let ! weapons be :at !y w4 ,c't y he> ^? spiritless creatures ^: he>ts are dri$ & %rivell$ up reit]at+ t ^! k9ds ( disputes lead to no?+ practical8 ,:at d !y und]/& by practical8 ,c't y he> !m reit]at+ t !re are discussions :i* ought nev] to be broa*$8 ,!re are pl5ty ( c[>dly spirits :o are always drill+ x into u t we ought to leave religi\s que/ions on "o side1 t ! fir/ ?+ to d is to become p[]ful & weal?y4 ,& ! poltroons don't see t x is j because we ignore :at conc]ns our inw>d well-be+ t we are n & nev] %all be weal?y & p[]ful4 ,i repeat x yet aga91 !re w nev] be any agriculture or indu/ry or comm]ce 9 our c\ntry1 nor roads :]e !re ought to be roads1 until we h discov]$ our ,*ri/ianity1 :i* is ,quixotic ,*ri/ianity4 ,we %all nev] h a p[]ful & spl5did & glori\s & /rong ext]nal life until we h k9dl$ 9 ! he>ts ( our p ! fire ( ! et]nal disquietudes4 ,we _c be ri* s long z our life is no?+ b deceit1 & deceit is our _s's daily bread4 ,c't y he> ! solemn ass t op5s 8 m\? & says3 8,x's =bidd5 to say t "h08 ,c't y he> all ^? :o are b\nd ) ! fett]s ( falsehood talk+ ab\t peace1 a peace t is m deadly ?an dea? itself8 ,t t]rible & ignom9i\s rule :i* figures 9 ! li/ ( regulations ( almo/ all ! social clubs 9 ,spa91 8political & religi\s discussions prohibit$0--does t say no?+ to y8 ,peace6 peace6 peace6 all ! frogs ( our national pond croak 9 *orus4 ,peace6 peace6 peace6 ,yes1 b peace e/abli%$ ^u ! triumph ( s9c]ity1 peace e/abli%$ ^u ! ov]?r[ ( falsehood4 ,peace1 b n a peace ( compromise1 n a holl[ political agreem5t1 b a compreh5sive peace4 ,peace1 yes1 b only aft] ! pursuivants h recogniz$ ,don ,quixote's "r to ass]t t ! bas9 is a helmet2 &1 fur!rmore1 only aft] ! pursuivants !mselves h admitt$ & affirm$ t 9 ! h&s ( ,don ,quixote ! bas9 is a helmet4 ,& ! wret*$ cr[d t %\t 8,peace6 peace60 d>e to take ^u _! lips ! "n ( ,*ri/6 ,!y =get t ,*ri/ said t ,he came n to br+ peace b w>1 & t because ( ,him !y ( ! same h\sehold %\ld be divid$ aga9/ "o ano!r1 fa!r aga9/ son & bro!r aga9/ bro!r4 ,& ?is %\ld be because ( ,him1 because ( ,*ri/1 t ,8 k+dom might be e/abli%$1 ! social k+dom ( ,jesus--:i* is ! v rev]se ( t :i* ! ,jesuits call ! social k+dom ( ,jesus ,*ri/--! k+dom ( real s9c]ity & real tru? & real love & real peace4 ,9 ord] t ! k+dom ( ,jesus may be e/abli%$1 !re mu/ be w>4 ,,don ,,quixote',s ,,niece#c ,! good ,alonso ,quixano w5t on ) ! dictation ( 8 w & bequea!d all 8 e/ate to ,antonia ,quixano1 8 niece1 b impos+ x ^u h]1 z a necess>y condition ( enjoy+ ! beque/1 t 8if %e is desir\s ( m>ry+1 %e m>ry none b a man :o1 ^u /rict inquiry1 %all be f\nd nev] to h read a book ( knight-errantry 9 8 life2 & 9 case x appe>s t he has be5 conv]sant ) su* books1 & t %e p]si/s 9 h] resolution to m>ry him1 %e is !n to =feit all t ,i h bequea!d h]1 :i* 9 su* case my executors %all dispose ( to pi\s uses at _! own discretion40 ,h[ cle>ly ,don ,quixote recogniz$ ! viol5t mutual incompatibility t exi/s betwe5 ! (fice ( husb& & t ( knight-errant6 ,& 9 dictat+ ?is clause1 may n ! good knight h be5 ?9k+ ( 8 ,aldonza & ( h[1 _h he b v5tur$ to break ! seal ( 8 too great love1 he might h be5 sp>$ all ! mis=tunes ( 8 knight-errantry & rema9$ by 8 own fireside a happy prison] 9 ! arms ( 8 love8 ,y\r w has be5 fai?fully execut$1 ,don ,quixote1 & ! "y m5 ( ?is y\r c\ntry h r5\nc$ all knight-errantry s t !y might enjoy ! e/ates ( y\r nieces--& among ^! mu/ be c\nt$ almo/ all ! wom5 ( ,spa9--& enjoy ! nieces !mselves too4 ,9 _! arms all h]oism is smo!r$4 ,!y tremble le/ x %\ld /rike _! lov]s & husb&s ) its ru%+ w9d z x /ruck _! uncle4 ,x is y\r niece1 ,don ,quixote1 x is y\r niece :o rules & gov]ns ,spa9 to-day--x is y\r niece1 n ,san*o4 ,x is ! timor\s1 home-keep+1 n>r[-s\l$ ,antonia ,quixano1 %e :o fe>$ le/ y %\ld turn poet1 8a cat*+ & incurable disease02 %e :o s zeal\sly assi/$ ! curate & ! b>b] 9 burn+ y\r books2 %e :o presum$ to tell y to y\r face t all /ories ( knight-errantry 7 no?+ b a pack ( lies & fables--a maid5ly audacity :i* provok$ y to exclaim3 8,by ! ,god t su/a9s me1 w]t ?\ n my prop] niece1 my own si/]'s daught]1 ,i w\ld take su* rev5ge = ! blasphemy ?\ ha/ utt]$ z w\ld res\nd ?r\gh ! :ole _w02 x is %e1 8! "y baggage :o sc>ce kn[s h[ to manage a doz5 lace-"w bobb9s10 & :o presum$ to put 9 h] o> & c5sure ! hi/ories ( knights-errant1 x is %e :o manages & dangles & juggles ) ! sons ( y\r ,spa9 z if !y 7 puppets4 ,x is n ,dulc9ea del ,toboso1 no4 ,nei!r is x ,aldonza ,lor5zo1 %e = :om y sigh$ = twelve ye>s )\t see+ h] m ?an f\r times & )\t ev] confess+ y\r love4 ,x is ,antonia ,quixano1 %e :o sc>ce knew h[ to manage a doz5 lace-"w bobb9s1 :o controls y\r c\ntrym5 to-day4 ,x is ,antonia ,quixano1 :o1 because %e has a small s\l & no belief 9 h] husb&'s greatness1 keeps him at home & h9d]s him f go+ =? to seek h]oic adv5tures :i* w\ld w9 him glory & an ev]la/+ "n4 ,if x 7 only ,dulc9ea6444 ,dulc9ea1 yes1 = h[ev] /range x may seem1 ,dulc9ea c make a man r5\nce all glory1 c make him *oose ! glory ( r5\nc+ glory4 ,dulc9ea1 or let u r call h] ,aldonza1 ! ideal ,aldonza might say to him3 8,come1 come to my arms & let all y\r wild long+s melt away 9 te>s ^u my brea/4 ,come to me4 ,yes1 ,i see y set up on a l(ty p9nacle = all "t1 ,i see all y\r bro!r m5 gaz+ up at y1 ,i see y acclaim$ by g5]ations yet unborn--b come to me1 r5\nce x all = my sake1 & t w make y great1 my ,alonso1 t w make y great] /ill4 ,take my m\? & cov] x ) w>m kisses 9 sil5ce1 & r5\nce a cold et]nity ( fame 9 ! m\?s ( ^? :om y w nev] "k4 ,w y he> !m speak+ ( y :5 y are dead8 ,bury all y\r love 9 my brea/1 & if x is a great love1 x is bett] t y %\ld bury x 9 me ?an t y %\ld lavi% x among m5 :o easily =get & soon pass away4 ,!y are n wor?y ( admir+ y1 my ,alonso1 !y are n wor?y ( x4 ,y w live = me alone & s y w live m truly = all ! univ]se & = ,god4 ,s liv+1 y\r might & y\r h]oism w seem to be lo/1 b don't m9d t4 ,d y n "k ! inf9ite /reams ( life :i* fl[ f a sil5t & h]oic love1 fl[+ out 9 wave aft] wave beyond humanity to ! orbit ( ! remote/ ( ! />s8 ,d y n "k t ! sil5t & triumphant love ( a happy pair ( lov]s is a f\nt ( my/]i\s en]gy t irradiates a :ole p & all g5]ations to come to ! end ( "t8 ,d y n "k :at x is to gu>d ! sacr$ fire ( life1 fann+ x to ev] bright] flame 9 simple & sil5t wor%ip8 ,love1 ! simple act ( lov+1 )\t de$s1 is itself a h]oic de$4 ,come & r5\nce all y\r de$s 9 my arms--! dim obscurity ( y\r repose 9 my arms w be a se$-"t :i* w be> fruit 9 ! de$s & glory ( o!rs to :om y\r v "n w be unkn[n4 ,:5 ev5 ! e*o ( y\r "n is no long] borne ^u ! air1 :5 !re is no long] any air to be> ! e*o ( x1 ! emb]s ( y\r love w w>m ! ru9s ( p]i%$ worlds4 ,come & give y\rself to me1 ,alonso1 = ?\gh y %\ld nev] ride abroad r$ress+ wrongs1 y\r greatness w n be lo/1 = 9 my he>t no?+ is lo/4 ,come1 re/ y\r head ^u my he>t & ,i w c>ry y !nce to ! re/ t has no end+40 ,) su* words ,aldonza might speak1 & 9 r5\nc+ all glory 9 h] arms ,alonso w\ld be truly great2 b su* words y c nev] speak1 ,antonia4 ,y d n believe t love is ( m wor? ?an glory2 :at y believe is t nei!r love nor glory is wor? z mu* z sleepy fireside peace & quiet1 t nei!r love nor glory is wor? z mu* z ! c]ta9ty ( ! daily mess ( pottage2 y believe t ^? :o don't sleep easily 9 _! b$s come to a bad end1 & y don't "k t love1 l glory1 nev] sleeps b wat*es4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,quixotism ,i become m & m conv9c$ t our philosophy1 ! ,spani% philosophy1 is liquesc5t & diffus$ 9 our lit]ature1 9 our life1 9 our action1 above all 9 our my/icism1 & n 9 philosophical sy/ems4 ,x is concrete4 7,& is !re n p]haps z mu* philosophy or m 9 ,goe!1 = example1 z 9 ,hegel87 ,! poetry ( ,jorge ,manrique1 ! ,romanc]o1 ,don ,quijote1 ,la ,vida es ,sueo1 ,la ,subida al ,monte ,c>melo1 imply an intuition ( ! _w & a concept ( life--,weltans*auung und ,leb5sansi*t4 ,?is philosophy ( ours c\ld ) difficulty =mulate itself 9 ! second half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 a p]iod t 0 a-philosophical1 positivi/1 te*nici/1 giv5 up to pure hi/ory & ! natural sci5ces1 a p]iod ess5tially mat]iali/ & pessimi/ic4 ,we %all f9d ! h]o ( ,spani% ?\ght1 p]haps1 n 9 any philosoph] :o liv$ 9 fle% & bone1 b 9 an entity ( fiction & ( action1 m real ?an all ! philosoph]s--9 ,don ,quixote4 ,= !re is d\btless a philosophic ,quixotism1 b !re is also a ,quixotic philosophy4 ,0 n p]haps ! philosophy ( ! ,conqui/adores1 ( ! ,c\nt]-,re=m]s1 ( ,loyola1 &1 above all1 ! philosophy lat5t 9 ! ab/ract b passionate ?\ght ( our my/ics1 9 its ess5ce none o!r ?an ?is8 ,:at 0 ! my/icism ( ,/4 ,john ( ! ,cross b a knight-errantry ( ! he>t 9 ! div9e w>f>e8 ,& ! feel+ t animat$ ,don ,quixote _c /rictly be call$ idealism2 he did n fight = ideas4 ,x 0 spiritualism2 he f\ght = ! _s4 ,speculative or m$itative ,quixotism is1 l practical ,quixotism1 fooli%ness1 a daught]-fooli%ness to ! fooli%ness ( ! cross4 ,& !re=e x is contemn$ by reason4 ,philosophy at bottom abhors ,*ri/ianity1 & well did ! g5tle ,m>cus ,aurelius prove x4 ,! trag$y ( ,*ri/1 ! div9e trag$y1 is ! trag$y ( ! ,cross4 ,pilate1 ! sceptic1 ! man ( culture1 s\ght by means ( ridicule to turn x into com$y & conceiv$ ! f>ce ( ! k+ ) ! re$ sceptre & cr[n ( ?orns1 say+3 8,behold ! man60 ,b ! p1 m human ?an he1 ! p t ?ir/s = trag$y1 cri$3 8,crucify him6 crucify him60 ,& ! o!r trag$y1 ! human1 ! intra-human trag$y1 is t ( ,don ,quixote ) 8 face la!r$ = ! ducal s]vants to laugh at1 & = ! dukes1 z mu* slaves z _! s]vants1 to laugh at too4 8,behold ! fool60--s !y w\ld say4 ,& ! comic1 ! irrational trag$y is suff]+ b5ea? ridicule & contempt4 ,= an individual1 z = a p1 ! highe/ h]oism is be+ will+ to face ridicule--/ill m1 be+ will+ to make oneself ridicul\s & n fl9*+ at ! ridicule4 ,ant]o de ,qu5tal1 ! tragic ,portuguese :o committ$ suicide1 wrote z foll[s1 sm>t+ "u ! ultimatum :i* ,engl& deliv]$ to 8 c\ntry 9 #ahij3 8,an ,engli% /atesman ( ! la/ c5tury1 also c]ta9ly a p]spicaci\s obs]v] & a philosoph]1 ,horace ,walpole1 said t life is a trag$y = ^? :o feel & a com$y = ^? :o ?9k4 ,v well !n1 if we h to end tragically1 we ,portuguese1 we :o feel1 we mu* pref] ?is t]rible1 b noble1 de/9y to t :i* is res]v$1 & p]haps at no v remote future date1 = ,engl&1 ! c\ntry t ?9ks & calculates1 ^: de/9y is to end mis]ably & comically40 ,we may leave on "o side ! ass]tion t ,engl& ?9ks & calculates1 imply+ t %e does n feel1 ! inju/ice ( :i* is expla9$ by ! circum/ance t provok$ x1 & also ! ass]tion t ! ,portuguese feel1 imply+ t !y sc>cely ev] ?9k or calculate--= we si/] peoples ( ! ,atlantic h always be5 di/+ui%$ by a c]ta9 s5tim5tal p$antry2 b !re rema9s ! t]rible und]ly+ idea1 namely1 t "s1 ^? :o put ?\ght above feel+--,i %\ld say reason above fai?--die comically1 & ^? die tragically :o put fai? above reason4 ,= x is ! ridicul]s :o die comically1 & ,god laughs at _! comic end+1 :ile ! portion1 ! noble portion1 ( ^? :o are ridicul$ is trag$y4 ,& :at we mu/ look out = 9 ! record ( ,don ,quixote is ridicule4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! philosophy 9 ! s\l ( my p pres5ts itself to me z ! expression ( an inw>d trag$y analog\s to ! trag$y ( ! s\l ( ,don ,quixote1 z ! expression ( a conflict betwe5 ! _w z ! reason ( sci5ce exhibits x to u & ! _w z we wi% x to be1 z our religi\s fai? tells u t x is4 ,& 9 ?is philosophy is to be f\nd ! secret ( :at is usually said ab\t u1 t we are fundam5tally irr$ucible to ,kultur1 t is to say1 t we d n resign ourselves to x4 ,no1 ,don ,quixote resigns himself nei!r to ! _w nor to its tru?1 nei!r to sci5ce nor to logic1 nei!r to art nor ae/hetics1 nei!r to morality nor to e?ics4 8,9 any case ! result ( all ?is10 s ,i h be5 told m ?an once & by m ?an "o p]son1 8w simply be to urge p on to ! madde/ k9d ( ,ca?olicism40 ,& !y h accus$ me ( be+ a reaction>y & ev5 a ,jesuit4 ,s be x6 ,& :at !n8 ,yes1 ,i "k1 ,i "k t x is folly to seek to turn ! wat]s ( ! riv] back to _! s\rce1 & t x is ! cr[d t seeks ! m$ic9e = its ills 9 ! pa/2 b ,i "k too t ev]yone :o fights = any ideal :atsoev]1 ev5 ?\gh x may seem to belong to ! pa/1 is urg+ ! _w on to ! future1 & t ! only reaction>ies are ^? :o f9d !mselves at ease 9 ! pres5t4 ,e pret5d$ re/oration ( ! pa/ is a creation ( ! future1 & if ! pa/ is dream1 some?+ n prop]ly kn[n1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,z always1 ! m>* is t[>ds ! future2 he :o m>*es1 m>*es ?i!r1 ev5 ?\gh he m>* backw>ds way--& :o kn[s if t is n ! bett] way8 ,i feel t ,i h a m$ival s\l & ,i believe t ! s\l ( my c\ntry is m$ival--t x has be5 =c$ to trav]se ! ,r5aissance1 ! ,re=mation & ! ,revolution1 le>n+ f !m1 yes1 b )\t all[+ !m to t\* ! s\l1 pres]v+ ! spiritual h]itage ( ^? ages t are call$ d>k4 ,& ,quixotism is no?+ b ! mo/ desp]ate phase ( ! /ruggle ( ! ,middle ,ages aga9/ _! (fspr+1 ! ,r5aissance4 ,& if "s accuse me ( fur!r+ ! cause ( ,ca?olic reaction1 p]haps ! o!rs1 ! (ficial ,ca?olics1 accuse me (4444 ,b ^!1 9 ,spa9 tr\ble !mselves little ab\t any?+ & are only int]e/$ 9 _! own qu>rels & diss5sions4 ,& besides1 poor folk1 !y are some:at dull ( und]/&+4 ,b ! fact is t my "w--,i 0 go+ to say my mission--is to %att] ! fai? ( bo? ^! & ^? & ( o!rs besides1 fai? 9 affirmation1 fai? 9 negation & fai? 9 ab/5tion1 & ?is = ! sake ( fai? 9 fai? itself2 x is to w> aga9/ all ^? :o resign !mselves1 :e!r to ,ca?olicism or to rationalism or to agno/icism2 x is to make !m all live lives ( inquietude & passionate desire4 ,w ?is "w be efficaci\s8 ,b did ,don ,quixote believe 9 ! imm$iate & visible efficacy ( 8 "w8 ,x is greatly to be d\bt$1 & at any rate he did n risk putt+ ! visor he _h made to ! te/ by giv+ x a second bl[4 ,& _m passages 9 8 hi/ory indicate t he did n believe mu* 9 ! imm$iate success ( 8 design to re/ore knight-errantry4 ,& :at did x matt] s long z he himself ?us liv$ & immortaliz$ himself8 ,& he mu/ h surmis$1 & did 9 fact surmise1 t 8 a*ievem5t w\ld h ano!r & a high] efficacy--namely1 t x w\ld g on work+ 9 ! m9ds ( all ^? :o 9 ! _s ( devotion read ( 8 exploits4 ,don ,quixote made himself ridicul\s1 b did he p]*ance "k ! mo/ tragic ridicule ( all1 ! ridicule t is reflect$ 9 ! eyes ( a man's own s\l1 ! ridicule ) :i* a man sees 8 own self8 ,transf] ,don ,quixote's battlefield to 8 own s\l2 conceive him to be fight+ 9 8 s\l to save ! ,middle ,ages f ! ,r5aissance1 n to lose ! treasure ( 8 infancy2 turn him into an inw>d ,don ,quixote--) 8 ,san*o1 a ,san*o equally inw>d & equally h]oical at 8 side--& !n talk to me ( ! comic trag$y4 ,& :at has ,don ,quixote left1 d y ask8 ,i answ] t he has left himself1 & a man1 a liv+ & et]nal man1 is wor? all !ories & all philosophies4 ,o!r peoples h left pr9cipally in/itutions1 books--we h left s\ls4 ,/4 ,t]esa is wor? any in/itution1 any 8,critique ( ,pure ,reason40 ,don ,quixote 0 conv]t$8 ,yes1 b only to die4 ,b ! o!r1 ! real ,don ,quixote1 he :o rema9$ on e>? & lives among u1 brea?+ 8 _s into u1 ?is ,don ,quixote 0 nev] conv]t$1 ?is ,don ,quixote goes on incit+ u to make ourselves ridicul\s1 ?is ,don ,quixote mu/ nev] die4 ,& ! conv]sion ( ! o!r ,don ,quixote--he :o 0 conv]t$ only to die--0 possible because he 0 mad1 & x 0 8 madness1 n 8 dea? or 8 conv]sion1 t immortaliz$ him & e>n$ = him ! =giv5ess ( ! crime ( hav+ be5 born4 ,felix culpa6 ,nei!r 0 8 madness cur$ b only trans=m$4 ,8 dea? 0 8 la/ knightly adv5ture--9 dy+ he /orm$ heav51 :i* suff]e? viol5ce4 ,?is ,don ,quixote di$ & desc5d$ into hell1 & he ent]$ x lance on re/ & fre$ all ! condemn$1 z he fre$ ! galley-slaves1 & he %ut ! gates ( hell1 & tore d[n f !m ! scroll t ,dante saw !re1 & replac$ x by "o on :i* 0 writt5 8,long live hope60 & escort$ by ^? :om he _h fre$1 & !y laugh+ at him1 he w5t to heav54 ,& ,god laugh$ at him pat]nally & ?is div9e laught] fill$ 8 s\l ) et]nal happ9ess4 ,& ! o!r ,don ,quixote rema9$ "h among/ u1 fight+ ) desp]ation4 ,is n despair ! ma9spr+ ( 8 fight+8 ,h[ is x t among ! words t ,engli% has borr[$ f our tongue--sie/a1 cam>illa1 gu]illa & ! l--!re occurs ?is ^w desp]ado8 ,?is inw>d ,don ,quixote t ,i spoke (1 consci\s ( 8 own comicness1 is he n a man ( despair--desesp]ado8 ,a desp]ado1 yes1 l ,piz>ro & l ,loyola4 ,b 8despair is ! ma/] ( impossibilities10 z ,salaz> y ,torres tells u1 & x is despair & despair alone f :5ce spr+s h]oic hope1 absurd hope1 mad hope4 ,sp]o quia absurdum1 x ought to be said1 r ?an cr$o4 ,& ,don ,quixote1 :o liv$ solit>y1 s\ght m solitude /ill1 s\ght ! solitudes ( ! ,pea ,pobre 9 ord] t !re1 alone1 )\t witnesses1 he might plunge into yet wild] extravagances to ! eas+ ( 8 s\l4 ,yet he 0 n q solit>y1 = ,san*o accompani$ him1 ,san*o ! good1 ,san*o ! believ+1 ,san*o ! simple4 ,if1 z "s say1 9 ,spa9 ,don ,quixote is dead & ,san*o lives1 !n we are sav$1 = ,san*o1 8 ma/] dead1 w become a knight-errant himself4 ,at any rate he is wait+ = "s o!r mad knight to foll[ yet aga94 ,& !re is also a trag$y ( ,san*o4 ,! o!r ,san*o1 ! ,san*o :o j\rney$ ) ! mortal ,don ,quixote--x does n appe> c]ta9 t he di$1 al?\gh "s say t he di$ hopelessly mad1 call+ = 8 lance1 & believ+ t all ^? ?+s :i* on 8 dea?-b$ 8 conv]t$ ma/] abom9at$ z lies _h be5 really true4 ,b nei!r does x appe> c]ta9 t ! ba*elor ,sanson ,c>rasco1 or ! curate1 or ! b>b]1 or ! dukes & canons are dead1 & x is ) ^! t ! h]oic ,san*o has to fight4 ,don ,quixote j\rney$ alone1 alone ) ,san*o1 alone ) 8 solitude4 ,& %all we n also j\rney alone1 we 8 lov]s creat+ = ourselves a quixotesque ,spa9 :i* exi/s only 9 our imag9ation8 ,& aga9 we %all be ask$3 ,:at has ,don ,quixote bequea!d to ,kultur8 ,i answ]3 ,quixotism1 & t is no little ?+4 ,x is a :ole me?od1 a :ole epi/emology1 a :ole ae/hetic1 a :ole logic1 a :ole e?ic1 above all a :ole religion1 t is to say1 a :ole economy ( ?+s human & div9e1 a :ole hope 9 ! rationally absurd4 ,= :at did ,don ,quixote fight8 ,= ,dulc9ea1 = glory1 = life1 = survival4 ,n = ,iseult1 :o is ! et]nal fle%2 n = ,beatrice1 :o is !ology2 n = ,m>g>et1 :o is ! p2 n = ,hel51 :o is culture4 ,he f\ght = ,dulc9ea1 & he won h]1 = he lives4 ,& :at is greate/ 9 him is 8 hav+ be5 ridicul$ & ov]come1 = x is 9 be+ ov]come t he ov]came2 he ov]came ! _w by mak+ x laugh at him4 ,& to-day8 ,to-day he feels 8 own comicness & ! vanity ( 8 ef=ts s f> z temporal issues are conc]n$2 he sees himself f )\t--culture has taught him to objectify himself1 t is to say1 to ali5ate himself f himself in/ead ( to ent] into himself1 & 9 see+ himself f )\t he laughs at himself1 b ) a bitt] laught]4 ,p]haps ! mo/ tragic "* w\ld be an inw>d ,m>gutte1 :o1 l ! ,m>gutte ( ,pulci1 %\ld die bur/+ ) laught]1 b ) laught] at himself4 ,e rid] 9 et]no1 he w laugh = all et]nity1 said ! ,angel ,gabriel ( ,m>gutte4 ,d y n he> ! laught] ( ,god8 ,! mortal ,don ,quixote1 9 dy+1 und]/ood 8 own comicness & wept = 8 s9s2 b ! immortal ,don ,quixote und]/&s & rises above 8 comicness & triumphs ov] x )\t r5\nc+ x4 ,b n[ ,don ,quixote he>s 8 own laught]1 he he>s ! div9e laught]1 & s9ce he is n a pessimi/1 s9ce he believes 9 et]nal life1 he has to fight1 attack+ ! mod]n sci5tific inquisitorial or?odoxy by adduc+ a new & impossible ,middle ,age1 duali/ic1 contradictory1 passionate4 ,l a new ,savon>ola--an ,italian ,quixote ( ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury--he fights aga9/ ?is ,mod]n ,age :i* began ) ,ma*iavelli & :i* w end comically4 ,he fights aga9/ ! rationalism inh]it$ f ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,peace ( consci\sness1 reconciliation betwe5 reason & fai?1 are n[1 ?anks to ! provid5ce ( ,god1 impossible4 ,! _w mu/ be z ,don ,quixote wi%es x to be1 & inns mu/ be ca/les1 & he w fight aga9/ x & w1 to all appe>ances1 be ov]come1 b he w triumph by mak+ himself ridicul\s4 ,he w triumph by laugh+ at himself & mak+ himself laugh$ at4 8,reason speaks & feel+ bites10 said ,petr>*2 b reason also bites & bites 9 ! he>t ( he>ts4 ,& m light does n make m w>m?4 8,light1 light1 m light60 !y tell u t ! dy+ ,goe! cri$4 ,no1 w>m?1 w>m?1 m w>m?1 = we die ( cold & n ( d>kness4 ,x is n ! night b ! fro/ t kills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! philosophy ( ,b]gson1 :i* is a spirituali/ re/oration1 9 its ess5ce my/ical1 m$ival1 quixotesque1 has be5 call$ demi-monda9e philosophy4 ,leave out ! demi2 call x monda9e1 mundane4 ,mundane--yes1 = ! _w & n = philosoph]s1 j z *emi/ry ought n to be = *emi/s alone4 ,! _w wi%es to be deceiv$--mundus vult decipi--ei!r ) ! illusion antec$5t to reason1 :i* is poetry1 or ) ! illusion subsequ5t to reason1 :i* is religion4 ,& ,ma*iavelli has said t :osoev] wi%es to deceive w always f9d someone :o w let himself be deceiv$4 ,& bless$ are ^? :o are made fools (4 ,a ,fr5*man1 ,jules de ,gaulti]1 has said t x 0 ! privilege ( 8 c\ntrym5 n'tre pas dupe--n to be tak5 94 ,a sorry privilege6 ,sci5ce does n give ,don ,quixote :at he dem&s ( x4 8,!n let him n dem& x10 x w be said1 8let him resign himself1 let him accept life & tru? z !y are40 ,b he does n accept !m z !y are1 & he asks = signs1 urg$ !reto by ,san*o :o /&s by 8 side4 ,& x is n t ,don ,quixote does n und]/& :at ^? und]/& :o talk ?us to him1 ^? :o are able to resign !mselves & to accept rational life & rational tru?4 ,no1 x is t ! ne$s ( 8 he>t are great]4 ,p$antry8 ,:o kn[s8 ,& 9 ?is critical c5tury ,don ,quixote1 :o has contam9at$ himself ) criticism also1 has to attack 8 own self1 ! victim ( intellectualism & s5tim5talism1 & x is :5 he wi%es to be mo/ spontane\s t he appe>s mo/ affect$4 ,& ! poor fell[ wi%es to rationalize ! irrational & irrationalize ! rational4 ,& he s9ks into ! inn] despair ( ! critical c5tury ^: two greate/ victims 7 ,nietzs*e & ,tol/oi4 ,& ?r\gh despair he atta9s ! h]oic fury ( :i* ,giordano ,bruno spoke--t ,don ,quixote ( ! m9d :o escap$ f ! cloi/]--& he becomes an awak5] ( sleep+ s\ls 7dormitantium animorum excubitor71 z ! ex-,dom9ican said ( himself4 8,h]oic love10 ,bruno wrote1 8is ! prop]ty ( ^? sup]ior natures call$ insane insano--n because !y d n "k non sanno1 b because !y ov]-"k soprasanno40 ,b ,bruno believ$ 9 ! triumph ( 8 doctr9es--at any rate !y h /at$ on ! inscription at ! foot ( 8 /atue 9 ! ,campo dei ,fiori1 opposite ! ,vatican1 t x is d$icat$ to him by ! age :i* he =etold 7il secole da lui div9ato74 ,b our ,don ,quixote1 ! ,don ,quixote :o has ris5 f ! dead1 ! inw>d ,don ,quixote1 ! ,don ,quixote :o is consci\s ( 8 own comicness1 does n believe t 8 doctr9es w triumph 9 ?is _w1 because !y are n ( x4 ,& x is bett] t !y %\ld n triumph4 ,& if ! _w wi%$ to make ,don ,quixote k+1 he w\ld retire to ! m\nta91 flee+ f ! k+-mak+ & k+-kill+ cr[ds1 z ,*ri/ retir$ alone to ! m\nta9 :51 aft] ! miracle ( ! loaves & fi%es1 !y s\ght to proclaim ,him k+4 ,he left ! title ( k+ to be writt5 ^u ! cross4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! new mission ( ,don ,quixote 9 ! _w ( to-day8 ,to cry al\d1 to cry al\d 9 ! wild]ness4 ,b ! wild]ness he>s1 ?\gh m5 d n he>1 & "o day x w be trans=m$ into a s\nd+ =e/1 & ?is solit>y voice t falls ^u ! wild]ness l se$1 w yield a gigantic c$>1 :i* ) its hundr$ ?\s& tongues w s+ an et]nal hosanna to ! ,"l ( life & ( dea?4 ,,l>ge ,,& ,,small ,,t[ns ,i regret t ,i h n by me a c]ta9 essay deal+ ) ?is subject by ,guglielmo ,f]r]o4 ,i read x 9 "s review ! "n ( :i* ,i h =gott51 b ,i pres]ve a cle> recollection ( x1 = x int]e/$ me greatly4 ,f]r]o treat$ ! subject f ! hi/orical & sociological po9t ( view1 & ,i1 :o am nei!r an hi/orian nor a sociologi/1 int5d to treat x1 z is my cu/om1 f ! po9t ( view ( purely p]sonal op9ion & individual impression4 7,?is is my cu/om1 & yet 9 spite ( ! fact ,i _c prev5t p f insi/+ on call+ me a savant & talk+ ab\t my !ories4 ,i h no !ories4 ,i h only impressions & s5sations47 ,b1 s9ce ,i am unable to put "s quotation f ,f]r]o at ! head ( ?is essay--?is habit ( bas+ our ass]tions ^u au?ority is ! conv5tional way ( giv+ !m a deceptive air ( objectivity--,i w head x by a s5t5ce f ,george ,m]$i?1 t extremely subtle ,engli% noveli/4 ,9 8,! ,egoi/0 x is /at$ t ,will\ghby 8ab&on$ ,london z ! burial-place ( ! individual man40 ,i1 to-day1 am "o ) ,will\ghby 9 believ+ t great cities de-individualize1 or r de-p]sonalize1 u4 ,?is may p]haps be due to ! fact t1 ?\gh n an egoi/ l ! h]o ( ,m]$i?'s novel1 ,i /ill rema91 accord+ to ,ramiro de ,maeztu1 an incorrigible egoti/4 ,great cities are levell+2 !y lift up ! l[ & depress ! high2 !y exalt m$iocrity & abase sup]lativ5ess--! result ( ! action ( ! mass1 z p[]ful 9 social life z 9 *emi/ry4 ,soon aft] ,i came to ?is anci5t city ( ,salamanca :i* has n[ become s de> to me1 a city ( "s ?irty ?\s& s\ls1 ,i wrote to a fri5d & told him t if aft] two ye>s' resid5ce "h he %\ld be in=m$ t ,i sp5t my "t play+ c>ds1 tak+ sie/as & /roll+ r\nd ! squ>e = a c\ple ( h\rs e day1 he might give me up = lo/2 b if at ! end ( t "t ,i %\ld /ill be /udy+1 m$itat+1 writ+1 battl+ = culture 9 ! public ar5a1 he might take x t ,i 0 bett] (f "h ?an 9 ,madrid4 ,& s x has prov$ to be4 ,i rememb] t ,guglielmo ,f]r]o's conclusion1 bas$ ^u a review ( anci5t ,greece1 ( ! ,italy ( ! ,r5aissance & ( ! ,g]many ( a c5tury ago1 is t = ! life ( ! _s1 small cities ( a population l t ( ,salamanca are ! be/--bett] ?an v small t[ns or l>ge ones ( ov] a hundr$ ?\s& inhabitants4 ,?is dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! quality ( ! _s 9 "q4 ,i am conv9c$ t ! mona/ic cloi/]1 :i* s (t5 atrophies ! s\l & r$uces ! av]age intellig5ce to a lam5table slav]y to r\t9e1 has 9 c]ta9 exceptional cases exalt$ ! _s by its ardu\s discipl9e4 ,great cities are ess5tially democratic1 & ,i mu/ confess t ,i feel an inv9cible platonic mi/ru/ ( democracies4 ,9 great cities culture is diffus$ b vulg>iz$4 ,p ab&on ! quiet read+ ( books to g to ! !atre1 t s*ool ( vulg>ity2 !y feel ! ne$ ( be+ toge!r2 ! greg>i\s in/9ct enslaves !m2 !y mu/ be see+ "o ano!r4 ,i ?9k x 0 ,ta9e :o obs]v$ t ! majority ( ,fr5* g5iuses 7 ei!r !mselves c\ntry-born or ! sons ( c\ntry-born p>5ts4 ,& ,i assure y t ,i %\ld f9d x difficult to believe 9 ! g5ius ( a ,p>isian born ( ,p>isians4 ,gu]ra ,junqueiro once said to me3 8,y are =tunate 9 liv+ 9 a city 9 :i* y c walk along ! /reets dream+1 )\t fe> ( p di/urb+ y\r dream60 ,& c]ta9ly 9 ,madrid x is impossible to walk along ! /reets dream+1 n s mu* = fe> ( motors1 trams & c>riages z because ( ! cont9ual /ream ( unkn[n faces4 ,! di/raction ( a great city1 s agreeable to ^? :o mu/ h some?+1 no matt] :at1 to occupy _! imag9ation1 is necess>ily vexati\s to ^? ^: *ief conc]n is n to h _! imag9ation div]t$4 ,p]sonally ,i f9d no?+ m monoton\s ?an a ,p>is b\lev>d4 ,! p seem to me l %ad[s4 ,i _c endure a cr[d ( unkn[n faces4 ,i am afraid ( ,madrid4 ,t is to say1 ,i am afraid ( myself :5 ,i g !re4 ,x is easy to say t 9 great cities ev]yone c live ! life t suits him be/1 b x is easi] to say x ?an to d x4 ,:5 ,i am 9 ! capital1 ,i return home e night regrett+ hav+ gone to ! p>ty or to ! meet+ t ,i w5t to & resolv+ nev] to g aga91 b only to break my v[ ! v next day4 ,i am surr\nd$1 hemm$ 9 & invad$ by a le?al atmosph]e ( compliance1 an atmosph]e t is g5]at$ by ?is s-call$ life ( society4 ,i h always felt an av]sion f ?is s-call$ life ( society1 :i* has = its object ! cultivation ( social relation%ips4 ,is !re any?+ m t]rible ?an a 8call08 ,x af=ds an occasion = ! ex*ange ( ! mo/ ?readb>e commonplaces4 ,calls & ! !atre are ! two great c5tres = ! propagation ( platitudes4 ,a man ( society1 a draw+-room man :o c make himself agreeable to wom5 :5 he pays a call1 is always a man ^: pr9cipal conc]n is to suppress any arre/+ spontaneity1 n to let 8 own p]sonality %[ ?r\gh4 ,= x is a man's own p]sonality t p f9d irritat+4 ,p l to meet ! av]age man1 ! normal man1 ! man :o has no?+ exceptional ab\t him4 ,! exception is always irritat+4 ,h[ _m times ,i h he>d ! t]rible phrase3 8,?is man irritates me40 ,yes1 x is 8! man0 t irritates1 & ! h>de/ fight = ! man :o feels t he is a man is ! fight to w9 respect = 8 own individuality4 ,& 9 a small t[n8 ,its /age is v re/rict$2 ! play]s soon tire ( play+ ! p>ts allott$ to !m & ! real m5 beg9 to appe> und]nea?1 ) all _! weaknesses--t is to say1 ) precisely t :i* makes !m m54 ,i h a great lik+ = prov9cial life1 = !re x is easie/ to disc]n trag$y lurk+ b5ea? an appe>ance ( calm4 ,& j z mu* z ,i abhor com$y1 ,i love trag$y4 ,&1 above all1 tragi-com$y4 ,i h he>d x said t !re are no su* see?+ inte/9e ranc\rs & diss5sions z 9 a m]*ant vessel or a mona/]y2 t :5ev] m5 are oblig$ to live toge!r1 cut (f f ! re/ ( ! _w1 _! p]sonalities1 _! mo/ real & intimate selves1 imm$iately cla% aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,& ,i d>e say t ?is is ! only way ( atta9+ t k ( ourselves :i* ought to be our *ief aim4 ,x seems to me sc>cely possible t a man %\ld get to "k himself by %utt+ himself up 9 ! wild]ness1 contemplat+--:at8 ,! be/ way ( kn[+ "o's self is to cla%1 he>t aga9/ he>t1 t is to say1 rock aga9/ rock1 ) "o's fell[4 ,i "k t ,i %all be told t ,i am indulg+ my love ( p>adox1 b nev]!less ,i ma9ta9 t if x is true t ! mo/ ard5t admirations are ^? :i* are disguis$ 9 ! =m ( envy1 v (t5 ! /ronge/ attractions are ^? :i* take ! appe>ance ( hate4 ,9 "o ( ^! tragi-comic1 or r comi-tragic1 small t[ns ,i "k two m5 :o1 ?\gh oblig$ to see "o ano!r con/antly 9 ! way ( bus9ess1 nev] greet "o ano!r 9 ! /reet & pr(ess a mutual dete/ation4 ,nev]!less at bottom !y feel !mselves reciprocally attract$ to "o ano!r & ea* "o is cont9ually preoccupi$ by ! o!r4 ,^! irreconcilable feuds into :i* small t[ns are s (t5 divid$ are mu* m fav\rable to ! developm5t ( /rong p]sonalities ?an ! bl& com$y ( a great metropolis1 :]e ^? :o fight a duel to ! dea? on ! public /age embrace "o ano!r beh9d ! sc5es4 ,d y suppose t ! trag$y ( ,romeo & ,juliet is possible 9 a city t c\nts its inhabitants by ! million8 ,& ,i ask y1 d y suppose t anyone :o sees a multitude ( p 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 li/5s to ?is man to-day1 to ano!r man to-morr[ & to ano!r man ! day aft]1 & att5ds tw5ty or ?irty conf]5ces--d y ?9k t su* a "o c pres]ve 8 spiritual integrity )\t any leakage8 ,9 su* a life a h$gehog w\ld end by becom+ a lamb1 its quills w\ld turn into s(te/ fleece1 & = my "p ,i w\ld r be a h$gehog ?an a lamb4 ,i und]/& :y ,will\ghby fl$ f ,london z f ! burial-place ( ! individual man4 ,is x n a t]rible ?+ to walk ?r\gh two or ?ree miles ( city /reets & pass two or ?ree ?\s& p )\t meet+ a s+le kn[n face to set a sp>k to a tra9 ( human ?\ght8 ,a glance ( hate f a kn[n enemy is sweet] ?an a glance ( indiff]5ce1 if n ( disda91 f an unkn[n /rang]4 ,= man has acquir$ ! habit ( disda9+ ^? :om he does n "k1 & seems to suppose t e /rang] mu/ be presum$ to be an imbecile until he proves himself o!rwise4 ,& ^? :o say t !y are bor$ 9 a small t[n8 ,! reason is because !y h n dug d[n to its tragic roots1 to ! augu/ sev]ity ( ! dep?s ( its monotony4 ,x is my belief t 9 great cities pr\d natures become va91 t is to say1 ! quills become fleece4 ,& = ! man :o is engag$ 9 any k9d ( "w 9 :i* he c ex]cise 8 influ5ce f a di/ance1 = ! writ] or ! pa9t]1 ! small t[n (f]s ! ine/imable advantage ( enabl+ him to live f> f 8 public & ( its be+ possible t ! effects :i* 8 "w produces ei!r d n rea* him or rea* him only aft] a se>*+ process ( filtration4 ,he c live m or less indep5d5tly ( 8 public1 )\t all[+ himself to be influ5c$ by x1 & ?is is ! only way ( mak+ a public = oneself in/ead ( adapt+ oneself to x4 ,if ?is be ! case1 x may be urg$ t a village w\ld be bett] ?an a small t[n1 a hamlet or p]haps ev5 a remote f>m-h\se4 ,b no1 = !n !re w\ld be lack+ t m9imum ( organic society )\t :i* our p]sonality runs z mu* risk z x runs 9 ! he>t ( a metropolis4 ,ess5tially1 9 ! sph]e ( psy*ologico-sociological relations--?is is = ! b5efit ( ^? :o insi/ on labell+ me savant--x is a "q ( :at is p]haps ! mo/ fundam5tal ( all problems1 ! problem ( maxima & m9ima4 ,?is is ! problem t is ! n]ve ( physical me*anics & ! n]ve also ( social me*anics or economics4 ,! problem always is h[ to obta9 ! maximum result or pr(it ) ! m9imum ef=t or exp5se1 ! l>ge/ return ) ! lea/ exp5diture4 ,x is also ! fundam5tal problem ( /hetics2 x is at ! root ( all ! problems ( life4 ,& ) reg>d to ! subject ,i am n[ consid]+1 x is a "q ( obta9+ ! maximum ( our own p]sonality ) ! m9imum ( o!rs' society4 ,less society1 or a society less complex1 w\ld dim9i% our p]sonality1 & s also w\ld m society1 or a society app>5tly m complex4 ,& ,i say app>5tly1 = ,i am n aw>e t an elephant is m complex ?an a fox4 ,v well !n--he :o has no s5se ( 8 own p]sonality & is will+ to sacrifice x on ! alt> ( sociability1 let him g & lose himself among ! millions ( a metropolis4 ,= ! man :o has a long+ = ,nirvana ! metropolis is bett] ?an ! des]t4 ,if y want to subm]ge y\r own 8,i10 bett] ! /reets ( a great city ?an ! solitudes ( ! wild]ness4 ,x is n a bad ?+ n[ & aga9 to visit ! great city & plunge into ! sea ( its cr[ds1 b 9 ord] to em]ge aga9 ^u t]ra firma & feel ! solid gr\nd "u "o's feet4 ,= my "p1 s9ce ,i am int]e/$ 9 individuals--9 ,john & ,pet] & ,ri*>d1 9 y :o are read+ ?is book--b n 9 ! masses :i* !y =m :5 b&$ toge!r1 ,i rema9 9 ! small t[n1 see+ e day at ! same h\r ! same m51 m5 ^: s\ls h cla%$1 & sometimes pa9fully1 ) my s\l2 & ,i flee f ! great metropolis :]e my s\l is :ipp$ ) ! icy :ips ( ! disda9ful glances ( ^? :o "k me n & :o are unkn[n to me4 ,p :om ,i _c "n 444 horrible6 ,,to ,,my ,,read]s ,yes1 ,i "k x--,i am n sympa!tic to all ^? :o read me1 p]haps n ev5 to ! majority ( !m4 ,b :at ,i am to d8444 ,s long z !y g on read+ me4444 ,= ! fact is ,i w\ld r t !y %\ld f9d me n sympa!tic & nev]!less g on read+ me ?an t !y %\ld f9d me sympa!tic & cease to read me4 ,sympa?y is (t5 pur*as$ at ! co/ ( au?ority & respect4 ,i confess t ! quality ( be+ sympa!tic does n appe> to me to be a v desirable ?+ 9 a writ]4 ,x is p]haps ! beg9n+ ( discr$it1 a discr$it t is none ! less pr(\nd because x we>s a gild$ disguise4 ,yes1 ,i "k t ,i am n sympa!tic1 t ,i h p]haps succe$$ 9 mak+ myself antipa!tic to _m ( ^? :o read me & :o 9 spite ( ?is antipa?y--or r because ( x--/ill cont9ue to read me4 ,a %ort "t ago a fri5d wrote to me say+ t al?\gh he (t5 disagrees ) me he reads me because 8 reaction to my op9ions /imulates ideas 9 him4 ,i pr(ess myself well cont5t ) ?is1 to beget ideas 9 ^? :o read me1 al?\gh ^! ideas %\ld be ! contr>y ( ^? :i* ,i exp\nd & def5d4 ,b !re are _m1 v _m read]s :o don't l be+ oblig$ to ?9k & :o only want to be told :at !y already "k1 :at !y h already ?\ght4 ,9 ord] to become sympa!tic a writ] has only to flatt] & confirm 8 read]s' preconceptions1 cl9*+ ! commonplaces to :i* _! m9ds h giv5 ass5t4 ,t is ! way = a writ] to become sympa!tic & x is also ! way = him to become soon t$i\s1 s t ! read] rem>ks3 8,ah1 yes1 a v sympa!tic writ]1 v und]/&+60 & ceases to read him4 ,mo/ p--,i h said ?is m ?an once be=e & z ,i am an insi/5t writ]1 ano!r quality :i* does n help to make me sympa!tic1 ,i %all h to repeat x _m times m--mo/ p read 9 ord] n to be in=m$4 ,yes1 lit]ally1 n to be in=m$4 ,! wor?y ,fulnez takes ! pap] or ! review at breakfa/-"t & reads x z he w\ld li/5 to a waltz-tune1 9 ord] to :ile away ! "t4 ,he dislikes be+ agitat$1 he dislikes be+ contradict$2 b mo/ ( all he dislikes be+ told some?+ t he has nev] ?\ght ( be=e4 ,!re is a spiritual pa9 analog\s to physical pa92 !re is a spiritual pa9 :5 ! tissues ( ! s\l are torn away4 ,= j z ! body has its tissues ( cells & filam5ts1 s ! s\l has its tissues ( impressions1 memories1 s5sations & ideas4 ,! break+ ( an association ( ideas is l ! break+ ( an association ( bodily cells & may produce any?+ f a slight irritation to ! mo/ acute pa94 ,x is a matt] ( common obs]vation t ! pa9 :i* we feel at ! dea? ( someone de> to u1 ) :om we h liv$ toge!r1 at fir/ goes on increas+ until x rea*es a po9t :5 x beg9s to dim9i%4 ,its progress might be describ$ by a rapidly asc5d+ & gradually desc5d+ curve4 ,! fir/ effect is "o ( /upor4 ,! pa9 becomes mo/ acute :5 we feel ! gap t has be5 left 9 our exi/5ce1 :5 we feel ! rupture ( our associations ( ideas & feel+s4 ,! image ( ! lov$ "o 0 intimately wov5 into ! spiritual tissue ( our life1 & dea? _c te> x away )\t de/roy+ ! tissue4 ,& e rupture ( an association ( ideas & feel+s is accompani$ by a di/urbance :i* v>ies 9 degree f ! pa9 t we feel at ! dea? ( a fa!r1 husb&1 wife1 bro!r or son1 to ! m9or irritation :i* is caus$ by ! explod+ ( "s commonplace t _h become a habit ( our m9d4 ,& we writ]s :o are giv5 to break+ ^! associations--& t is :y we are call$ p>adoxi/s--j> on p & incur _! antipa?y4 ,x is our fate4 ,& !y tell u t :at j>s is n s mu* :at we say z our way ( say+ x4 ,yes1 x is because in/ead ( cutt+ ^! associations ) surgical delicacy1 fir/ *lor(orm+ or hypnotiz+ ! pati5t1 we te> !m r\ghly & :5 he is mo/ wide awake4 ,x is a "q ( me?od1 & x is a "q ( temp]am5t4 ,*lor(orm1 ! cl9ical z well z ! lit]>y v>iety1 has its inconv5i5ces1 & !re are cases 9 :i* ! pati5t has to suff] pa94 ,to irritate p may ev5 become a duty b9d+ ^u ! consci5ce1 a pa9ful duty1 b a duty none ! less4 ,& !n !re is ano!r ?+ :i* makes me antipa!tic1 ,i "k1 & t is my lack ( imp]sonality1 my incapacity to produce :at is call$ objective "w1 my putt+ my :ole self1 m or less1 into all my writ+s1 my egotism1 z x is call$4 ,b :at am ,i to d8444 ,i am amaz$ at ^? :o are able to elim9ate _! own selves1 ,i am amaz$1 b ,i don't imitate !m & ,i don't wi% to imitate !m4 ,i don't "k h[ x may be else:]e1 b "h 9 ,spa9 ! man1 ! individual man1 irritates u4 ,& z ,i believe t ! great battle is h[ to w9 respect = man1 respect = individuality1 ,i = my "p irritate ! myriad-head$1 anonym\s multitude4 ,let !m respect me4 ,?us !y w le>n to respect e individual1 to respect !mselves z individuals4 ,yes1 yes1 x is q "r to use "o's k ) discretion1 j z x is q "r to use "o's weal? ) discretion4 ,b nei!r k nor weal? is "o's self2 !y are some?+ annex$1 some?+ t comes & goes1 t c be tak5 or left4 ,b ,i _c make a discreet use ( myself4 ,if ,i am depriv$ ( a %ill+ or a doll> ,i c submit to x1 b ,i _c easily submit to be+ depriv$ ( an arm or1 /ill less1 ( a piece ( my s\l4 ,a %ill+ or a doll> ,i c give away discreetly1 b an arm or a piece ( my s\l1 ^! ,i c only te> (f & give away passionately1 t is to say indiscreetly4 ,& ,i d n give ideas1 ,i d n give k--,i give pieces ( my s\l4 ,! ideas t ,i exp\nd matt] to me less1 f> less1 ?an ! way ,i exp\nd !m4 ,x is n ! %ill+ t ,i give y t c\nts1 b ! w>m? t x c>ries ) x f my h&4 ,^! antipa?ies t ,i provoke proce$--z well ,i "k1 9 spite ( :atev] ^? :o see only ! surface may say--f ! fact t ,i am n an intellectual b a man ( passion4 ,almo/ all ! ?+s t ,i h said1 hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 h said be=e me4 ,i am nei!r erudite nor a savant4 ,!re is no great orig9ality 9 my ideas4 ,:5ce1 !n1 ! pot5cy :i*1 ?anks to ,god1 ,i h atta9$8 ,:5ce ^! antipa?ies & sympa?ies1 & h[ is x t ,i am able to say1 ?anks to ,god1 t ,i am seldom read ) indiff]5ce8--,x is due to passion1 to ! tone ( my voice4 ,yes1 ,i "k x1 ,i am antipa!tic to _m ( my read]s1 & "o ( ! ?+s t makes me mo/ antipa!tic to !m is my aggressiv5ess1 my sometimes morbid aggressiv5ess4 ,i don't d5y x4 ,b ! tru? is1 my fri5d1 t ?is aggressiv5ess is direct$ aga9/ myself4 ,:5 ,i attack o!rs ,i am attack+ myself4 ,i live 9 a /ate ( inw>d conflict4 ,i imag9e t ,i am mis9t]pret$8 ,v likely1 s9ce ,i myself d n always succe$ 9 int]pret+ myself aright4 ,! ideas t cr[d 9 ^u me f all qu>t]s are always battl+ toge!r 9 my m9d & ,i fail to make peace betwe5 !m4 ,i fail because ,i don't ev5 try4 ,i ne$ ^! battles4 ,&1 moreov] ,i am n anxi\s = a reputation among s*ol>s1 = ,i am n a s*ol>1 ,i am n :at is call$ a s*ol>4 ,nor ev5 among m5 ( culture1 al?\gh ,i am always prea*+ culture4 ,b by culture ,i und]/& ! mo/ int5se inn] life1 ! life ( int5se/ battle1 ( int5se/ disquietude1 ( int5se/ desire4 ,i come ( a race :i* "s p say is /ill1 9 its ess5ce1 9 a /ate ( savag]y1 a race ( a turbul5t & taciturn _s1 a race ( :i* ,salm]n said t x _h n yet adapt$ itself to ,european civilization4 ,& s f> z ,i myself & my own bran* ( ! race#d are conc]n$1 ,i accept ?is judgm5t & ,i accept x ) pride4 ,no1 no1 fri5d1 ,i am n a philan?ropi/4 ,! hung] & ?ir/ = ,god are too /rong )9 me = me to love m5 9 ! philan?ropic way4 ,ne$s mu/ be s[n among m5 g]ms ( d\bt1 ( di/ru/1 ( inquietude1 & ev5 ( despair--:y n8 yes1 ev5 ( despair--& if !reby !y lose :at !y call happ9ess1 s9ce x is n really happ9ess1 !y h lo/ no?+4 ,& above all & be=e all1 none ( ?is liv+ 9 peace ) all ! _w6 ,liv+ 9 peace ) all ! _w--horrible1 horrible1 horrible6 ,no1 no1 no1 none ( ?is liv+ 9 peace4 ,peace1 spiritual peace ,i mean1 is usually a lie & is usually /agnation4 ,i d n wi% to live 9 peace ei!r ) o!rs or ) myself4 ,i ne$ w>1 inw>d w>4 ,we all ne$ w>4 ,tru? be=e peace4 ,t is my wat*word4 ,& to give x great] brilliance ,i w write x 9 ,lat93 v]itas primus pace4 ,& x goes )\t say+ t ! w> t ,i ne$ z ! su/5ance ( my life & ( ! lives ( o!rs is a spiritual w>1 n w> ) gun & sword4 ,all ! re/--9 spite ( :atev] ! *ampions ( ! c5tral curr5t ( culture & ( discipl9$ solid>ity & ( respect = ! s-call$ def9itive conque/s ( ! human _s may say--all ! re/ ,i und]/& & ,i am ev5 ready to applaud x if y l2 b x is n my conc]n1 x is n my lot to put myself at its s]vice4 ,& above all1 my fri5d1 !re is "o ?+ t ,i h hat$ all my life & t ,i hope to die hat+1 & t is1 becom+ ! prison] ( my public1 submitt+ to foll[ ! c\rse m>k$ out = me by my read]s4 ,i w n sacrifice my indep5d5ce1 above all ,i w n mortgage my future4 ,y und]/&8 ,i w n mortgage my future4 ,i w keep x op5 & free4 ,& s ,i ali5ate sympa?y8444 ,:o kn[s8 ,:at ,i want to avoid is public indiff]5ce4 ,sympa?ies & antipa?ies are p]haps ! same ?+4 ,antipa?y--n[ = a p>adox6--is a =m ( sympa?y4 ,read+ me = ! sake ( be+ annoy$ & qu>rell+ ) :at ,i say or my way ( say+ x1 is ! same z read+ me & agree+ ) :at ,i say4 ,to combat a man is "o way ( animat+ & confirm+ him4 ,i h put w>m? & life into my books & x is = ! sake ( ! w>m? & life ,i h put into !m t y read !m4 ,i h put passion into my books4 ,passion ( hate1 passion ( disda91 passion ( contempt v (t5--,i don't d5y x4 ,b does w>m? come only f ?is ?+ t !y call love & :i*1 n9ety times out ( a hundr$1 is no?+ b drivell+ mawki%ness & debility ( _s8 ,& ,i h put my loves into my books too1 ^? loves :i* beget my indignations1 ^? loves :i* are ! cause ( my be+ s (t5 h>%1 sev]e1 disda9ful4 ,yes1 love makes me antipa!tic1 a great] & pur] love ?an t delusive sympa?y :i* "s p urge me to seek aft]4 ,nev]1 nev]1 nev]6 ,let su* apo/le%ip be = o!rs4 ,e man has 8 own de/9y4 ,& ?is is n a presumption ( sup]iority4 ,no1 don't ?9k t4 ,if y suspect su* a ?+ x is because y don't "k me4 ,no1 x is n t4 ,i don't condemn y\r op9ion2 ,i don't reg>d ! advice y give me z bad2 ,i only say t x is no use to me4 ,i tell y t y are mi/ak5 ab\t me4 ,& n because y lack intellig5ce1 no1 a ?\s& times no4 ,y are mi/ak5 because ea* ( u sets out f a diff]5t po9t ( view1 or r f a diff]5t po9t ( feel+4 ,y appe> to me to be an optimi/1 or at any rate a man :o believes t progress w alleviate ! pa9s ( mank9d2 y speak ) a c]ta9 unction ( ! noble crusade ( ?\ght & ( ! great ent]prise ( culture1 & ,i believe t ! be/ t ?is ent]prise c d is to make u =get t we h be5 born & t we h to die4 ,i confess t ,i h a tragic s5se ( life4 ,i confess x )\t petulance or p$antry1 & ,i "k t y w n d\bt my s9c]ity4 ,?is bitt]ness t y f9d s disagreeable 9 my writ+s has gr[n ) be+ ex]cis$ aga9/ myself4 ,i am ! sword & ! :et/one & ,i %>p5 my sword on myself4 ,h5ce x is t ,i am z tir$ ) ! sword-play z ,i am ) %>p5+ ! sword t ,i play )4 ,& if ,i am to tell y ! tru?1 x hurts & w\nds me to see m5 m>*+ z confid5tly z if !y m>*$ on solid gr\nd1 "s confid5t 9 ! prejudices & anti-prejudices ( _! religi\s beliefs1 o!rs slaves ( sci5ce1 o!rs slaves ( ignorance1 slaves all ( !m4 ,i w\ld h !m d\bt1 ,i w\ld h !m suff]1 above all ,i w\ld h !m despair1 ,i w\ld h !m be m5 & n m]e p>tisans ( ! p>ty ( progress4 ,despair1 ev5 ?\gh x be a resign$ despair1 is p]haps ! highe/ /ate t man c atta9 to4 ,god1 fri5d1 did n s5d me into ! _w to be an apo/le ( peace1 or to reap sympa?y1 b to be a s[] ( disquietude & irritation & to endure antipa?y4 ,antipa?y is ! price ( my r$emption4 ,,soliloquies ,i ,x w\ld seem1 ,miguel1 t y\r audi5ce w h to all[ y1 if only j = once1 to talk al\d to y\rself1 to unburd5 y\r he>t4--,d x n[1 & !n x w be all ! easi] to d x aga9 "s o!r day4--,writ+ = ! public is a h>% k9d ( slav]y4 ,d\btless y will$ x4 ,y *ose to be a writ] & y mu/ pati5tly be> ! consequ5ces ( y\r *oice4 ,b are we z free to *oose our vocation z we ?9k we are8 ,y crave retirem5t1 tranquillity & sil5ce 9 ord] t y may devote y\rself to "s solid & unhurri$ task1 remote f ! turmoil t deaf5s ! e> ) its noise & bl9ds ! eye ) its du/4 ,y\r he>t ) its ye>n+ = solitude turns long+ly t[>ds ^? m5 ( old :o d$icat$ !mselves to works t endure1 f> f ! traffic ( ! _w ) its daily cont5tions & anxieties4 ,y ye>n = ! classic1 ! et]nally classic4 ,b ! v]tigo ( life sweeps y along & y f9d y\rself involv$ 9 ! burn+ diss5sions ( y\r contempor>ies4 ,y _c live among ! dead2 y h to live among ! liv+4 ,& yet1 de> ,miguel1 :at a s\rce ( consolation & /r5g? is ?is int]c\rse ) ! glori\s dead1 ^: works nev] die6 ,h[ ! s\l is refre%$ by ! vivify+ /reams t fl[ f ^? immortal spirits :o live _! deepe/ lives 9 u--,hom]1 ,plato1 ,virgil1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,%akespe>e1 ,desc>tes1 ,sp9oza1 ,kant1 ,goe!1 & s _m o!rs6 ,yes1 !re is no d\bt ab\t x--?is insane eag]ness to "k :at ^? r\nd ab\t u are say+ or repeat+ h9d]s u f foll[+ ! progress ( ! human s\l z x reveals itself 9 its immortal sons1 ^? erect pill>s t are l&m>ks = all "t4 ,:at does x matt] to y1 tell me1 :at y\r neighb\r is clam\r+ ab\t8 ,y are n go+ to foll[ ! example ( ^? ^: "t & s\l are s absorb$ 9 li/5+ to all ! sup]ficialities ( _! contempor>ies t !y h no "t left to enjoy ! endur+ legacy ( humanity4 ,?is =m ( mod]nity s]ves only to enfeeble bo? m5 & peoples4 ,di/ru/ novelties1 ,miguel1 & be sure t !re is no?+ m novel ?an :at is = ev]4 ,hom] & ,%akespe>e are m mod]n ?an mo/ ( ! liv+ writ]s :o are acc\nt$ mo/ mod]n4 ,y w le>n m f ,plato ?an f ! au?or ( ! late/ volume 9 ,alcan's ,libr>y ( ,mod]n ,philosophy4 ,! mod]n is ! fa%ionable & y mu/ fly f all fa%ions4 ,b x is useless--,i "k x--useless4 ,i c see t ! voices r\nd ab\t y1 ! ard5t voices ( ! liv+1 h caught y\r e>1 p]haps 9 spite ( y\rself4 ,x is ! voice ( humanity1 & y are & ought to be be=e all else a man4 ,d y rememb] :at y\r dead fri5d ,col]idge1 ! wond]ful ,col]idge1 says 9 8 ,biographia ,lit]>ia ab\t 8 contempor>ies8 ,i w repeat x to y aga93 8,! great works ( pa/ ages seem to a "y man ?+s ( ano!r race1 9 respect to :i* 8 faculties mu/ rema9 passive & submiss1 ev5 z to ! />s & m\nta9s4 ,b ! writ+s ( a contempor>y1 p]haps n _m ye>s old] ?an himself1 surr\nd$ by ! same circum/ances1 & discipl9$ by ! same mann]s1 possess a reality = him1 & inspire an actual fri5d%ip z ( a man = a man4 ,8 v admiration is ! w9d :i* fans 8 hope4 ,! poems !mselves assume ! prop]ties ( fle% & blood4 ,to recite1 to extol1 to cont5d = !m is b ! paym5t ( a debt due to "o :o exi/s to receive x40 ,consid] ?is same ,samuel ,taylor ,col]idge :o wrote ^! words & tell me if ! memory ( ?is man :o di$ _m ye>s be=e y 7 born c give y t gl[ :i* ! recollection ( "o /ill liv+ gives y4 ,& nev]!less1 y w say1 h[ sweet & peaceful x is to conv]se ) ^? :o once 7 & to-day sleep 9 ! lap ( ! teem+ e>?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y h dream$ ( produc+ a magnum opus t w\ld endure1 & y f9d y\rself condemn$ to ! fragm5t>y & fugitive lab\r ( j\rnalism4 ,mu/ y rep9e at t8 ,we nev] "k1 believe me1 :5 we h succe$$ be/4 ,& rememb] t ! sl[ly & c>efully elaborat$ "w ( ! solit>y au?or1 hold+ himself alo( f all collaboration ) 8 public1 is p]haps aft] all only ! monum5t ( 8 own egoism4 ,collaboration ) ! public1 ,i say4 ,= ! public collaborates m or less o/5sibly 9 ! "w ( e publici/1 sometimes ) applause1 sometimes ) c5sure4 ,i "k t y h be5 influ5c$ 9 y\r "w by ! lett]s :i* f "t to "t y receive f unkn[n read]s1 especially f ^? 9 ,am]ica1 & :i* h provid$ y ) helpful notes & sugge/ions4 ,b 9 addition to ?is1 y are influ5c$1 p]haps )\t kn[+ x1 by ! reaction ( y\r read]s1 ( ^? :o foll[ y\r "w1 & ?is reaction affects :at y write1 =c+ y sometimes to adapt y\rself to y\r read]s' po9t ( view1 sometimes to combat x & endeav\r to make x con=m to y\rs4 ,x is said t "s ( ! greate/ dramas1 among o!rs ^? ( ,%akespe>e1 h be5 actually creat$ on ! /age1 9 collaboration ) ! public1 hav+ be5 modifi$ at e repres5tation accord+ to ! way 9 :i* ! public receiv$ !m4 ,& d y n ?9k t ! successive works ( a productive au?or are n v (t5 m]ely successive editions1 m or less revis$1 ( "o & ! same "w8 ,e au?or :o writes mu* repeats himself mu*2 ! m orig9al he is & ! m he draws f 8 own dep?s in/ead ( m]ely e*o+ :at he he>s r\nd ab\t him1 ! m he repeats himself4 ,! greate/ g5iuses h be5 m5 ( few & simple ideas express$ ) vig\r & efficacy1 b express$ also ) m uni=mity & cont9uity ?an ^? ( writ]s ( only av]age ability4 ,!re h be5 m5 ^: greatness has be5 ow+ to ! fact t !y 7 m5 ( "o idea1 m5 :o 7 simply an idea inc>nate4 ,by d9t ( liv+ "o s+le b noble & fruitful idea1 !y h succe$$ 9 pres5t+ x to u 9 all its =ms4 ,v>iety1 multiplicity ( po9ts ( view1 almo/ always indicates a c]ta9 spiritual weakness4 ,b ,i d n ne$ to conv9ce y ( ?is1 = ,i "k h[ mu* y admire ,a?anasius = be+ a man ( "o idea4 ,yes1 y\r own works1 9 spite ( _! app>5t v>iety--novels1 comm5t>ies1 essays1 poems--are1 if y consid] x c>efully1 simply ! cont9u\s developm5t 9 multiple =ms ( b "o & ! same fundam5tal idea4 ,& 9 ?us seek+ to communicate ?is c5tral ?\ght ( y\rs1 y g on cond5s+ x m & m & discov]+ new =ms ( expression = x1 until p]haps "s day y w hit ^u ! mo/ adequate1 ! mo/ precise =m4 ,&1 believe me1 a writ] a*ieves a la/+ place :5 he has discov]$ ! p]man5t =m ( any idea1 :5 he has succe$$ 9 giv+ x its def9itive body4 ,& 9 y\r ef=t to discov] ?is1 :o %all say t ?is writ+ ( fugitive & fragm5t>y pieces is n z useful z any o!r way ( se>*8 ,y "k t v (t5 "o ?9ks m :5 talk+ ?an :5 m$itat+4 ,d y rememb] t exp]i5ce :i* occurr$ to y "o aft]noon :5 y 7 walk+ ) y\r fri5d ,v9c5t1 t wise & subtle _s1 s unhappily cut (f 9 8 prime8 ,y 7 argu+ z usual2 8 subtle objections =c$ y to conc5trate y\r m9d1 & aft] a quick reply to "o ( 8 que/ions1 almo/ be=e ! words 7 out ( y\r m\?1 y exclaim$ delight$ly3 8,h[ "r t is6 h[ exact6 h[ precise60 ,& :5 he %[$ surprise t y %\ld be a/oni%$ by "o ( y\r own rem>ks1 y said3 8,! fact is1 x is z new to me z x is to y4 ,d\btless ! solution 0 already !re 9 my m9d1 b x 0 dim & confus$4 ,i myself 0 n consci\s ( its be+ !re4 ,x 0 only 9 ! ef=t to meet y\r objections t x took %ape & disclos$ itself to me4 ,& s y see x 0 really z new to me z to y40 ,& s x (t5 happ5s4 ,?\ght dep5ds ^u language1 = we ?9k ) words1 & language is a social ?+4 ,language is conv]sation4 ,& ?\ght itself is !re=e social4 ,! only cle> ?\ght is transmissible ?\ght4 ,if anyone tells y t he sees a ?+ q cle>ly b t he does n "k h[ to communicate x1 y may reply t he _c be sure :e!r he sees x cle>ly or n4 ,to e writ] x has happ5$ m ?an once t he has realiz$ ! absurdity or obscurity ( 8 own ?\ght only aft] he has se5 x 9 pr9t4 ,be assur$1 !n1 t y m$itate m & m$itate bett] :5 y are writ+ ?+s l ?is lett] t y are n[ address+ to y\rself ?an :5 y %ut y\rself up 9 y\r room to devote y\rself to :at is call$ m$itation & :at is really only m9d-w&]+4 ,! necessity ( giv+ y\r ?\ght transmissible expression is t :i* makes x a liv+ & effective process4 ,x is :5 y\r p5 is 9 y\r h& t ?+s occur to y mo/ readily1 & ! reason is because !n y are n ?9k+ = y\rself b ?9k+ = o!rs4 ,?9k+ = oneself is n prop]ly ?9k+--x is los+ oneself 9 vague rev]ies1 l a man on ! v]ge ( sleep idly wat*+ ! drift ( 8 cig>-smoke4 ,to ?9k is to ?9k = o!rs2 ?9k+ is a social function4 ,y h sometimes he>d x said t ,paul ( ,t>sus us$ to draw inspiration f 8 own words1 t ^! words provok$ ideas1 & t 9 8 epi/les x is possible to foll[ ?is process ( ideation by means ( v]bal associations4 ,& ( ,augu/9e ( ,hippo--"o ( ! immortal pill>s1 l ,paul1 ,b]n>d & ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ( ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! he>t--x has be5 said t he develop$ 8 !me by anti!ses1 t is to say rhetorically4 ,& bo? ,paul & ,augu/9e 7 m5 ( burn+ passion1 n solit>y contemplatives1 b active fight]s4 ,!y consid] y to be an egoti/ because y (t5 ref] to y\rself--y are do+ x n[ 9 ?is soliloquy--& talk ab\t y\rself1 b ! tru? is t ?is self ( y\rs1 9 s f> z y are a writ]1 is some?+ t belongs to all ! _w--y /& 9 ! middle ( ! /reet1 hail$ by ev]ybody & answ]+ back4 ,y w\ld be n m]ely an egoti/ b a mis]able egoi/ if y %ut y\rself up 9 ! t[] ( ivory1 f> f y\r fell[s1 & work$ day aft] day ^u "s m9ute & exquisite jewel4 ,y "w 9 ! op5 air1 9 ! public gaze1 & f "t to "t1 9 ord] to keep y\r "w clean1 y bl[ away ! du/ ( ! turmoil t has settl$ ^u x4 ,en\gh4 ,let u talk no m toge!r1 y & ,i1 ?is hidd5 & intimate self & ?is app>5t & public self4 ,are !y really two8 ,are y any?+ else b a writ]8 ,or r1 ?is self t is n ! publici/1 ( :at wor? is x8 ,,ii ,x appe>s to be ! fact t _m p believe me to be a man :o lives %ut up 9 a libr>y1 buri$ among books1 isolat$ f ! _w4 ,!y say t ,i lack :at !y call ! s5se ( reality4 ,z = ! fir/ *>ge1 t ,i sp5d my days dev\r+ books1 x is a pure fiction4 ,i travel m ?an ,i wi% to travel & ,i see m p ?an ,i wi% to see4 ,) reg>d to ! second1 my lack ( ! s5se ( reality--let u consid] x4 ,t :i* m5 ( ! _w--& 9 my spee* & writ+s ,i always use ?is phrase 9 a suffici5tly depreciatory s5se--t :i* m5 ( ! _w call ! s5se ( reality appe>s to me to be no m ?an a s5se ( app>5tiality4 ,a man is said to possess ! s5se ( reality :o /ops to consid] only ! transi5t surface ( ?+s & does n p5etrate into _! p]man5t sub/ance4 ,^? :o are said to possess ?is s5se ( reality are int]e/$ only 9 news1 :at is call$ ! late/ in=mation4 ,& z = me--,i mu/ say x p]fectly frankly--,i dete/ ! late/ in=mation4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! newspap] t /rikes me z s empty z ! page devot$ to ! late/ news4 ,?is crav+ to h news1 news usually lack+ 9 any deep import1 z quickly z possible1 seems to me pu]ile4 ,! important ?+1 ,i h always suppos$1 is to "k ?+s ?or\ghly1 n to "k !m quickly4 ,b ! curr5t runs 9 ! o!r direction4 ,= "o :o reads a book ) ! sole purpose ( kn[+1 enjoy+ & pr(it+ by x1 !re are tw5ty :o read x simply 9 ord] to say t !y h read x & to ga9 kudos by quot+ f x4 ,!re are1 or at any rate !re ought to be1 9 ea* "o ( u two m51 ! temporal & ! et]nal1 ! "o :o is preoccupi$ ) ! c>es ( ! pass+ day & ! "o :o is preoccupi$ ) ! et]nal preoccupations1 ! "o :o says3 8,:at %all ,i eat1 or h[ %all ,i amuse myself to-morr[80 & ! "o :o says3 8,:at w happ5 to u aft] dea?80 ,9 "s cases ! inn] man dom9ates & leads captive ! ext]nal man & !n ! individual ei!r retires to a mona/]y or he lives a life ( resign$ despair1 ceaseless wre/l+ ) my/]y2 & 9 "s cases ! ext]nal & temporal man subjugates & /rangles ! inn] & et]nal man1 & !n we h ! man ( ! _w1 ! man :o boa/s ( be+ practical & ( possess+ ! s5se ( reality4 ,& ?is practical man does n int]e/ me 9 ! lea/4 ,:5 ,i f9d myself 9 a mod]n city1 9 "o ( ^! cities t are call$ progressive because ( _! sy/em ( police & hygi5e1 ) smoo?ly pav$ /reets1 pret5ti\s build+s1 electric trams1 luxuri\s motors replete ) fa%ionably dress$ wom51 well-kept p>ks1 com=table clubs1 !atres--9 %ort1 complete ) all ! app>atus ( a mod]n city--:5ev] ,i f9d myself 9 su* a city ,i am envelop$1 invad$ & oppress$ by a s5se ( pr(\nd & utt] solitude4 ,! m5 appe> to me l %ad[s )\t sub/ance4 ,& l ,diog5es ,i beg9 to look = a man1 a real man1 a man :o wre/les ) de/9y & my/]y1 a man ( religi\s _s1 a man1 9 %ort1 :o believes 9 ,god or d5ies ,him1 b :o believes 9 ,him or d5ies ,him passionately1 ) ! he>t1 n m]ely 9 virtue ( "s philosophical =mula =m+ "p ( ! g5]al k t a well-educat$ man is expect$ to possess4 ,i set ab\t look+ = a man 444 & r>ely1 v r>ely1 d ,i f9d him4 8,! man y ought to "k is ,lpez10 !y tell me1 8a man ( culture & di/9ction40 ,& s1 al?\gh )\t any illusion1 & *iefly 9 ord] n to (f5d ! fri5d :o recomm5ds him to me1 ,i get to "k ,lpez4 ,& 9 effect ,lpez has read a great deal & kn[s ! names ( ! mo/ prom95t writ]s & publici/s & discusses ,comte & ,sp5c] & ,s*op5hau] & ,nietzs*e1 & has read ! late/ ,fr5* noveli/s1 & kn[s sev]al fam\s passages ( poetry by he>t & has 8 t9cture ( hi/ory1 sociology1 psy*ology & natural sci5ce1 & ,lpez 444 is n ! man ,i am look+ =4 ,x is n ! great classic au?ors t ,lpez has read1 ! ess5tial g5iuses1 ! m5 :o h gaz$ at ! ,sph9x face to face1 b r _! expositors & comm5tators2 he kn[s ! great m9ds ( all "t z !y are reflect$ 9 manuals ( ! hi/ory ( philosophy or lit]ature4 ,once p]haps1 n s mu* ev5 = curiosity's sake z to be able to say t he has read !m1 he has look$ into ! book ( ,job or ,/4 ,augu/9e or ,pascal or ,kempis1 b 8 he>t has n be5 t\*$4 ,& naturally ,lpez does n int]e/ me1 does n ev5 appe> to me to be a man2 he is simply a memb] ( a club1 or a memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 or a brilliant figure 9 polite society4 ,8 di/9ction is ( ! same category z t ( 8 wife's m$iocre facility 9 play+ ! piano4 ,lpez kn[s h[ to pres5t himself to ! be/ advantage4 ,b =tunately & ?anks to ,god ,i d n live 9 "o ( ^! cities1 :i* are all alike1 all attempt+ to imitate ,p>is4 ,i live 9 an anci5t city1 ^: age is p]petual y\?1 ^: gold5 /ones di/il memories4 ,& ev5 s1 :5ev] ,i c ,i escape into ! c\ntry & !re ,i talk ) "s old %eph]d :o has brood$ = long h\rs b5ea? ! sky ^u et]nal !mes4 ,& ?is man :o reads no newspap]s1 :o does n "k :]e ,s]bia is & has nev] he>d ( ,dreyfus or ,anatole ,france or ! ,kais]1 :o kn[s no?+ ab\t ! late/ sociological !ory or ! late/ fa%ion 9 morn+ coats1 ?is man speaks to me ! anci5t words ( ! wisdom ( ,ecclesia/es4 ,& z he has nev] read ,ecclesia/es1 b has d]iv$ 8 wisdom f ! same f\nt1 ! anci5t words come to me new1 et]nally new4 ,_m times ,i h wi%$ 9 my secret he>t t ,i _h liv$ 9 "o ( ^? ages ( burn+ fai?1 among a p consum$ by an inf9ite passion1 among ! ,crusad]s or among ! ,albig5ses1 9 ! ranks ( ,cromwell's ,ironsides or ( ,coligny's ,hugu5ots1 or 9 ! obscurity ( ! mona/]y 9 :i* ,he9ri* ,seuss und]w5t 8 trem5d\s mortifications4444 ,b :o 9 ,god's "n1 if he be a man & a real man1 c /& "o ( ^? banquets ) :i* ! fri5ds ( ! di/+ui%$ ,lpez celebrate ! hon\r ( 8 be+ appo9t$ gov]nor ( a prov9ce1 ) _! int]m9able toa/s1 all full ( ! same empty platitudes1 pron\nc$ to ! hateful accompanim5t ( ! popp+ ( *ampagne corks8 ,:5 ! unavoidable exig5cies ( social s]vitude compel me to att5d "o ( ^! c]emonies ( homage1 ,i feel a desire to get up & say3 8,bro!rs1 let u m$itate ^u dea?60 & laun* =? into a s]mon4 ,i don't d s1 ( c\rse1 ?\gh n = fe> ( ridicule1 b because ,i "k t x w\ld avail no?+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b en\gh ( unbosom+ myself4 ,y ne$n't be afraid1 ,i "k t ,i am a slave1 ,i "k t we are all slaves4444 ,i w return to ! beat5 track1 ,i w return to 8objective0 !mes1 b4444 ,b mu/ my he>t nev] be all[$ ! relief ( a sigh1 a sigh at once ( resignation & rebellion8 ,mu/ ,i n be all[$ "s "t to say t all ?is t y call civilization appe>s to me to be no?+ b ! trapp+s ( culture & t ^? :o are cont5t m]ely ) ! trapp+s are savages muffl$ 9 royal robes1 & t ! spl5d\r ( y\r metropolises leaves me cold8 ,,my ,,religion ,a fri5d writ+ to me f ,*ile tells me t he has met p acqua9t$ ) my writ+s :o h ask$ him3 8,:at1 9 a ^w1 is ! religion ( ?is ,seor ,unamuno80 ,i myself h sev]al times be5 ask$ a simil> "q4 ,& ,i am go+ to see if ,i _c--,i w n say1 answ] x1 = t is a ?+ ,i d n pret5d to be able to d1 b endeav\r at any rate to elucidate ! mean+ ( ! "q4 ,individuals z well z peoples *>act]iz$ by intellectual in]tia--& intellectual in]tia is q compatible ) great productive activity 9 ! sph]e ( economics & 9 o!r k9dr$ sph]es--t5d to dogmatism1 :e!r !y "k x or n1 :e!r !y wi% x or n1 :e!r !y int5d x or n4 ,intellectual in]tia %uns ! critical or sceptical attitude4 ,i say sceptical1 tak+ ! ^w scepticism 9 its etymological & philosophical s5se1 = ! sceptic does n mean him :o d\bts1 b him :o inve/igates or rese>*es1 z oppos$ to him :o ass]ts & ?9ks t he has f\nd4 ,! "o is ! man :o /udies a problem & ! o!r is ! man :o gives u a =mula1 correct or incorrect1 z ! solution ( x4 ,9 ! ord] ( pure philosophical speculation x is premature to dem& t an inve/igator %all produce a def9ite solution ( a problem :ile he is engag$ 9 def9+ ! problem itself m exactly4 ,:5 a long calculation does n "w out correctly1 x is no small /ep =w>d to rub x all out & beg9 afre%4 ,:5 a h\se ?reat5s to collapse or becomes completely un9habitable1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to pull x d[n & n to dem& t ano!r %all be built on top ( x4 ,! new h\se may inde$ be built ) mat]ials tak5 f ! old "o1 b only aft] ! old "o has fir/ be5 demoli%$4 ,9 ! meantime1 if !re is no o!r h\se available1 ! p c f9d %elt] 9 a hut or sleep 9 ! op54 ,& x is necess>y n to lose sight ( ! fact t 9 ! problems ( practical life we mu/ seldom expect to f9d def9ite sci5tific solutions4 ,m5 live & always h liv$ ^u haz>d\s hypo!ses & explanations1 & sometimes ev5 )\t !m4 ,m5 h n wait$ to agree z to :e!r or n ! crim9al 0 possess$ ( free w be=e puni%+ him1 & a man does n pause be=e sneez+ to reflect ^u ! possible injury t may be caus$ by ! ob/ruct+ p>ticle t provokes him to sneeze4 ,i ?9k t ^? m5 are mi/ak5 :o ass]t t !y w\ld live evilly if !y did n believe 9 ! et]nal pa9s ( hell1 & ! mi/ake is all to _! cr$it4 ,if !y ceas$ to believe 9 a sanction aft] dea?1 !y w\ld n live worse1 b !y w\ld look = "s o!r ideal ju/ification = _! conduct4 ,! good man is n good because he believes 9 a transc5d5tal ord]1 b r he believes 9 x because he is good--a proposition :i* ,i am sure mu/ appe> obscure or involv$ to ^? inquir]s :o suff] f intellectual in]tia4 ,i am ask$1 !n3 8,:at is y\r religion80 ,& ,i w reply3 ,my religion is to seek tru? 9 life & life 9 tru?1 ev5 ?\gh kn[+ full well t ,i %all nev] f9d !m s long z ,i live2 my religion is to wre/le unceas+ly & unwe>y+ly ) my/]y2 my religion is to wre/le ) ,god f nightfall until ! break+ ( ! day1 z ,jacob is said to h wre/l$ ) ,him4 ,i _c accommodate myself to ! doctr9e ( ! ,unkn[able or to t ( 8?us f> & no f>!r40 ,i reject ! ev]la/+ ,ignorabimus4 ,& at all haz>ds ,i seek to scale ! unatta9able4 8,be p]fect z y\r ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect10 ,*ri/ said to u1 & su* an ideal ( p]fection is1 )\t d\bt1 unatta9able4 ,b ,he put ! unatta9able be=e u z ! goal & t]m ( our endeav\rs4 ,& ,he atta9$ to x1 say ! !ologians1 by grace4 ,& ,i wi% to fight my fight c>eless ( victory4 ,are !re n armies & ev5 peoples :o m>* to c]ta9 defeat8 ,d we n praise ^? :o die fight+ r ?an surr5d]8 ,?is1 !n1 is my religion4 ,^? :o put ?is "q to me want me to give !m a dogma1 a solution :i* !y c accept )\t di/urb+ _! m5tal in]tia4 ,or r x is n ?is t !y want1 s mu* z to be able to label me & put me into "o ( ! divisions 9 :i* !y classify m9ds1 s t !y c say ( me3 ,he is a ,lu!ran1 a ,calvani/1 a ,ca?olic1 an a!i/1 a rationali/1 a my/ic1 or any o!r ( ^? nicknames ^: exact mean+ !y d n und]/& b :i* disp5se !m f fur!r ?9k+4 ,& ,i d n wi% to h myself labell$1 = ,i1 ,miguel de ,unamuno1 l e o!r man :o aspires to full consci\sness1 am a unique species4 8,!re are no diseases1 b only p]sons :o are diseas$10 "s doctors say1 & ,i say t !re are no op9ions1 b only op9+ p]sons4 ,9 religion !re is b little t is capable ( rational resolution1 & z ,i d n possess t little ,i _c communicate x logically1 = only ! rational is logical & transmissible4 ,i h1 x is true1 s f> z my affections1 my he>t & my feel+s are conc]n$1 a /rong b5t t[>ds ,*ri/ianity1 b )\t adh]+ to ! special dogmas ( ?is or t ,*ri/ian confession4 ,i c\nt e man a ,*ri/ian :o invokes ! "n ( ,*ri/ ) respect & love1 & ,i am repell$ by ! or?odox1 :e!r ,ca?olic or ,prote/ant--! latt] be+ usually z intransig5t z ! =m]--:o d5y ! ,*ri/ianity ( ^? :o int]pret ! ,gospel diff]5tly f !mselves4 ,i "k a ,prote/ant ,*ri/ian :o d5ies t ,unit>ians are ,*ri/ians4 ,i frankly confess t ! suppos$ rational pro(s--ontological1 cosmological1 e?ical1 etc4--( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 prove to me no?+2 t all ! reasons adduc$ to %[ t a ,god exi/s appe> to me to be bas$ on sophi/ry & begg+ ( ! "q4 ,9 ?is ,i am ) ,kant4 ,& 9 discussions ( ?is k9d1 ,i feel t ,i am unable to talk to cobbl]s 9 ! t]ms ( _! craft4 ,nobody has succe$$ 9 conv9c+ me rationally ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 nor yet ( ,8 non-exi/5ce2 ! argum5ts ( a!i/s appe> to me ev5 m sup]ficial & futile ?an ^? ( _! oppon5ts4 ,& if ,i believe 9 ,god1 or at lea/ believe t ,i believe 9 ,him1 x is1 fir/ ( all1 because ,i wi% t ,god may exi/1 & !n1 because ,he is reveal$ to me1 ?r\gh ! *annel ( ! he>t1 9 ! ,gospel & 9 ,*ri/ & 9 hi/ory4 ,x is an affair ( ! he>t4 ,:i* means t ,i am n conv9c$ ( x z ,i am ( ! fact t two & two make f\r4 ,if x 7 a "q ( some?+ t did n t\* my peace ( consci5ce or console me = hav+ be5 born1 p]haps ,i %\ld pay no he$ to ! problem2 b z x involves my :ole int]ior life & ! spr+ ( all my actions1 ,i _c quiet myself by say+3 ,i d n "k nor c ,i "k4 ,i d n "k1 t is c]ta92 p]haps ,i c nev] "k4 ,b ,i want to "k4 ,i want to1 & t is en\gh4 ,& ,i %all sp5d my life wre/l+ ) my/]y1 & ev5 )\t hope ( p5etrat+ x1 = ?is wre/l+ is my su/5ance & my consolation4 ,yes1 my consolation4 ,i h accu/om$ myself to wre/ hope f despair itself4 ,& let n fools 9 _! sup]ficiality %riek3 ,p>adox6 ,i _c conceive ( a man ( culture )\t ?is preoccupation1 & 9 po9t ( culture--& culture is n ! same z civilization--,i c hope b little f ^? :o live )\t int]e/ 9 ! metaphysical aspect ( ! religi\s problem1 & only /udy x 9 its social or political aspects4 ,i c hope b v little = ! enri*m5t ( ! spiritual treasury ( mank9d f ^? m5 or f ^? peoples :o1 :e!r x be f intellectual in]tia1 or f sup]ficiality1 or f sci5tificism1 or f any o!r cause1 are unmov$ by ! great & et]nal disquietudes ( ! he>t4 ,i c hope no?+ f ^? :o say3 8,we mu/ n ?9k ab\t ^! ?+s60 ,i c hope ev5 less f ^? :o believe 9 a heav5 & a hell su* z ^? :i* we believ$ 9 :5 we 7 *ildr52 & /ill less c ,i hope f ^? :o affirm ) a fool's gravity3 8,all ?is is b my? & fable2 he :o dies is buri$ & !re's an end ( x40 ,i c hope = some?+ only f ^? :o d n "k1 b :o are n resign$ n to "k2 f ^? :o fight unre/+ly = ! tru? & put _! life 9 ! fight itself r ?an 9 ! victory4 ,! great] "p ( my "w has always be5 to disquiet my neighb\rs1 to rob !m ( he>t's ease1 to vex !m if ,i c4 ,i h said ?is already 9 my comm5t>y ^u 8,! ,life ( ,don ,quixote & ,san*o10 9 :i* ,i h confess$ myself mo/ fully4 ,let !m seek z ,i seek1 let !m wre/le z ,i wre/le1 & betwe5 u all we w te> "s %r$ ( secret f ,god1 & at any rate ?is wre/l+ w make u m m51 m5 ( m _s4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ?is "w--a religi\s "w--among peoples l ^? t speak ! ,ca/ilian tongue :o suff] f intellectual in]tia & sup]ficiality1 slumb]+ 9 ! r\t9e ( ,ca?olic dogma or 9 ! dogmatism ( free-?\ght or ( sci5tificism1 x has be5 necess>y = me to appe> sometimes %ameless & indecor\s1 at o!r times h>% & aggressive1 & n a few times p]v]se & p>adoxical4 ,9 our pusillanim\s lit]ature x 0 a r>e ?+ to he> anyone cry out f ! dep?s ( 8 he>t1 to get excit$1 to exclaim4 ,! %\t 0 almo/ unkn[n4 ,writ]s 7 fright5$ ( mak+ !mselves ridicul\s4 ,!y behav$ & /ill behave l ^? :o put up ) an affront 9 ! /reet = fe> ( ! ridicule ( be+ se5 ) _! hat on ! gr\nd m>*$ (f by ! police4 ,b ,i1 no6 ,:5 ,i h felt l %\t+ ,i h %\t$4 ,nev] h ,i be5 re/ra9$ by decorum4 ,& ?is is "o ( ! ?+s = :i* ,i h nev] be5 =giv5 by my colleagues ( ! p51 s discreet1 s correct1 s discipl9$1 ev5 :5 !y prea* indiscretion & indiscipl9e4 ,lit]>y an>*i/s are m punctili\s ab\t /yle & syntax ?an ab\t any?+ else4 ,& :5 !y play out ( tune !y d s tunefully2 _! discords resolve !mselves into h>monies4 ,:5 ,i h felt a pa9 ,i h %\t$ & %\t$ 9 public4 ,! psalms :i* are to be f\nd 9 my ,poesz are simply ! cries f ! he>t ) :i* ,i h s\ght to make ! he>t-/r+s ( ! w\nd$ he>ts ( o!rs vibrate4 ,if !y h no he>t-/r+s or only he>t-/r+s t are too rigid to vibrate1 !n my cry w awak5 no e*o 9 !m & !y w decl>e t x is n poetry & !y w proce$ to inve/igate its ac\/ic prop]ties4 ,x is possible also to /udy ac\/ically ! cry t is torn f ! he>t ( a man :o sees 8 son sudd5ly fall d[n dead--& he :o has nei!r he>t nor sons w und]/& no m ( x ?an ! ac\/ics4 ,^! psalms1 toge!r ) v>i\s o!r pieces 9 my ,poesz1 are my religion1 a religion t ,i h sung1 n express$ 9 logic & reason+4 ,& ,i s+ x z be/ ,i c1 ) ! voice & e> t ,god has giv5 me1 because ,i _c reason x4 ,& he to :om my v]ses appe> to be m full ( reason+ & logic & me?od & exegesis ?an ( life1 because !y are n peopl$ ) fauns1 dryads1 satyrs & ! l or g>b$ 9 ! late/ mod]ni/ fa%ion1 _h bett] leave !m alone1 = x is evid5t t ,i %all n t\* 8 he>t :e!r ,i use a viol9 b[ or a hamm]4 ,:at ,i fly f1 ,i repeat1 z f ! plague1 is any k9d ( classification ( myself1 & :5 ,i die ,i hope ,i %all /ill he> ^! intellectual slugg>ds inquir+3 8,& ?is g5tleman1 :at is he80 ,lib]al or progressive fools w take me = a reaction>y & p]haps = a my/ic1 )\t und]/&+ ( c\rse :at !y may mean2 & cons]vative & reaction>y fools w take me = a k9d ( spiritual an>*i/2 & bo? ( !m w pity me z an un=tunate g5tleman anxi\s to di/+ui% himself by s+ul>ity1 hop+ to be reput$ an orig9al1 & ) a bonnet full ( bees4 ,b no "o ne$ worry ab\t :at fools ?9k ( him1 be !y progressive or cons]vative1 lib]al or reaction>y4 ,& s9ce man is naturally intractable1 & does n habitually ?ir/ = ! tru?1 & aft] be+ prea*$ at = f\r h\rs usually returns to all 8 invet]ate habits1 ^! busy inquir]s1 if !y *ance to read ?is1 w return to me ) ! "q3 8,well1 b :at solutions d y (f]80 ,& ,i w tell !m1 once & = all1 t if x is solutions !y want1 !y c g to ! %op opposite1 = ,i d n deal 9 ! article4 ,my e>ne/ desire has be51 is & w be t ^? :o read me %\ld ?9k & m$itate on fundam5tal ?+s1 & x has nev] be5 to furni% !m ) ?\ghts ready made4 ,i h always s\ght to agitate & to sugge/ r ?an to in/ruct4 ,x is n bread t ,i sell1 n bread1 b yea/1 f]m5t4 ,i h fri5ds1 & good fri5ds1 :o advise me to ab&on ?is task & to conc5trate ^u :at !y call "s objective "w1 some?+ :i* w be1 s !y express x1 def9itive1 some?+ con/ructive1 some?+ t w la/4 ,!y mean some?+ dogmatic4 ,i decl>e t ,i am incapable ( x1 & ,i claim my lib]ty1 my holy lib]ty1 ev51 if ne$ be1 ! lib]ty ( contradict+ myself4 ,i d n "k :e!r any?+ t ,i h writt5 or may write 9 ! future is de/9$ to live = ye>s & c5turies aft] ,i am dead2 b ,i "k t if anyone agitates ! surface ( a %oreless sea ! waves w g radiat+ )\t end1 ev5 ?\gh at la/ !y dw9dle into ripples4 ,to agitate is some?+4 ,& if ?anks to ?is agitation ano!r :o comes aft] me %all create some?+ t w live1 !n my "w w live 9 84 ,x is a "w ( supreme m]cy to awak5 ! sleep] & to %ake ! slugg>d1 & x is a "w ( supreme religi\s piety to seek tru? 9 ev]y?+ & to expose fraud1 /upidity & ignorance :]ev] !y are to be f\nd4 ,,solitude ,x is my love = ! multitude t makes me fly f !m4 ,9 fly+ f !m1 ,i g on seek+ !m4 ,d n call me a misan?rope4 ,misan?ropes seek society & int]c\rse ) p2 !y ne$ !m 9 ord] to fe$ _! hatr$ & disda9 ( !m4 ,love c live ^u memories & hopes2 hate ne$s pres5t realities4 ,let me1 !n1 fly f society & take refuge 9 ! quiet ( ! c\ntry1 seek+ 9 ! he>t ( x & )9 my own s\l ! company ( p4 ,m5 only feel !mselves really bro!rs :5 !y he> "o ano!r 9 ! sil5ce ( ?+s 9 ! mid/ ( solitude4 ,! hu%$ moan ( y\r neighb\r :i* rea*es y ?r\gh ! wall t sep>ates y p5etrates mu* m deeply into y\r he>t ?an w\ld all 8 lam5ts if he told y !m to y\r face4 ,i %all nev] =get a night t ,i once sp5t at a wat]+-place1 dur+ ! :ole ( :i* ,i 0 kept awake by a v fa9t int]mitt5t moan+--a moan+ t seem$ to wi% to /ifle itself 9 ord] n to awak5 ^? :o 7 asleep1 a discreet & g5tle moan+ t came to me f ! neighb\r+ b$room4 ,t moan+1 :i* came f ,i "k n :om1 _h lo/ all p]sonality2 x produc$ ^u me ! illusion ( com+ out ( ! sil5ce ( ! night itself1 z if x 7 ! sil5ce or ! night t lam5t$1 & !re 0 ev5 a mom5t :5 ,i dreamt t t g5tle lam5t rose to ! surface f ! dep?s ( my own s\l4 ,i left ! foll[+ day )\t hav+ s\ght to asc]ta9 :o 0 ! suff]] or :y he suff]$4 ,& ,i believe t ,i h nev] felt s mu* pity = any o!r man4 ,x is only solitude t dissolves t ?ick cloak ( %ame t isolates u f "o ano!r2 only 9 solitude d we f9d ourselves2 & 9 f9d+ ourselves1 we f9d 9 ourselves all our bro!rs 9 solitude4 ,solitude unites u1 believe me1 j z mu* z society sep>ates u4 ,& if we d n "k h[ to love "o ano!r1 x is because we d n "k h[ to be alone4 ,x is only 9 solitude1 :5 x has brok5 ! ?ick cru/ ( %ame t sep>ates u f "o ano!r & sep>ates u all f ,god1 t we h no secrets f ,god2 only 9 solitude d we raise our he>t to ! ,he>t ( ! ,univ]se2 only 9 solitude does ! r$eem+ hymn ( supreme confession issue f our s\l4 ,!re is no o!r real dialogue ?an ! dialogue t y hold ) y\rself1 & y c hold ?is dialogue only :5 y are alone4 ,9 solitude & only 9 solitude c y "k y\rself z a neighb\r2 & s long z y d n "k y\rself z a neighb\r1 y c nev] hope to see 9 y\r neighb\rs o!r ,i's4 ,if y want to le>n to love o!rs1 )draw into y\rself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i am accus$ ( n c>+ ab\t or be+ int]e/$ 9 ! anxieties ( m54 ,x is j ! contr>y4 ,i am conv9c$ t !re is no m ?an "o anxiety1 "o & ! same = all m51 & nev] d ,i feel x or und]/& x m deeply ?an :5 ,i am alone4 ,ea* day ,i believe less & less 9 ! social "q1 & 9 ! political "q1 & 9 ! /hetic "q1 & 9 ! moral "q1 & 9 ! religi\s "q1 & 9 all ! o!r que/ions t p h inv5t$ 9 ord] t !y %all n h to face resolutely ! only real "q t exi/s--! human "q1 :i* is m9e1 y\rs1 81 ev]yone's4 ,& z ,i "k t y w say t ,i am play+ ) words & t y w ask me :at ,i mean by ?is human "q1 ,i %all h to repeat x once aga93 ,! human "q is ! "q ( kn[+ :at is to become ( my consci\sness1 ( y\rs1 ( 81 ( ev]yone's1 aft] ea* "o ( u has di$4 ,s long z we are n fac+ ?is "q1 all t we are do+ is simply mak+ a noise s t we %all n he> x4 ,& t is :y we fe> solitude s mu* & seek ! company ( "o ano!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! greate/ ?+ t !re is among m5 is a poet1 a lyric poet1 t is to say a real poet4 ,a poet is a man :o keeps no secrets f ,god 9 8 he>t1 & :o1 9 s++ 8 griefs1 8 fe>s1 8 hopes & 8 memories1 purifies & purges !m f all falsehood4 ,8 songs are y\r songs1 are my songs4 ,h y ev] he>d any deep]1 any m intimate1 any m endur+ poetry ?an t ( ! ,psalms8 ,& ! ,psalms are meant = s++ alone4 ,i "k t !y are sung by cr[ds1 assembl$ toge!r "u ! same ro( 9 religi\s s]vices2 b 9 s++ !m ! cr[d ceases to be a cr[d4 ,9 s++ ! ,psalms1 ea* "o )draws into himself & ! voices ( o!rs e*o 9 8 e>s simply z ! consonance & re9=cem5t ( 8 own voice4 ,& ,i obs]ve ?is diff]5ce betwe5 a cr[d assembl$ toge!r to s+ ! ,psalms & a cr[d assembl$ to see a drama or to he> an orator3 x is t ! =m] is a real society1 a company ( liv+ s\ls1 9 :i* ea* "o exi/s & subsi/s by himself1 :ile ! o!r is a =mless mass & ea* "o ( ^? :o compose x no m ?an a fragm5t ( ! human h]d4 ,i h nev] felt any desire to move a cr[d1 to ex]cise influ5ce ^u a mass ( p--:o lose _! p]sonality 9 be+ mass$ toge!r--& on ! o!r h& ,i h always felt a furi\s desire to p]turb ! he>t ( ea* individual man1 to ex]cise an influ5ce ^u ea* "o ( my bro!rs 9 humanity4 ,:5ev] ,i h spok5 9 public ,i h almo/ always succe$$ 9 employ+ a k9d ( lyrical oratory1 & ,i h endeav\r$ to =ce ^u myself ! illusion t ,i 0 speak+ to only "o ( my he>]s1 to any "o1 no matt] :i*1 to ea* "o1 n to all ( !m en masse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we m5 are imp5etrable4 ,spirits1 l solid bodies1 c only communicate ) "o ano!r by ! contact ( surfaces1 n by p5etrat+ "o ano!r1 /ill less by fus+ toge!r4 ,y h he>d me say a ?\s& times t mo/ spirits seem to me l cru/aceans1 ) ! bone outside & ! fle% inside4 ,& :5 9 "s book t ,i h =gott5 ,i read :at a pa9ful & t]rible ?+ x w\ld be if ! human _s 7 to be inc>nat$ 9 a crab & _h to make use ( ! crab's s5ses1 organs & memb]s1 ,i said to myself3 8,?is is :at actually happ5s2 we are all un=tunate crabs1 %ut up 9 h>d %ells40 ,& ! poet is he ^: fle% em]ges f ! %ell1 ^: s\l oozes =?4 ,& :51 9 our h\rs ( angui% or joy1 our s\l oozes =?1 we are all ( u poets4 ,& t is :y ,i believe t x is necess>y to agitate ! masses1 to %ake m5 & w9n[ !m z 9 a sieve1 to ?r[ aga9/ "o ano!r1 9 ord] to see if 9 ?is way _! %ells w n break & _! spirits fl[ =?1 :e!r !y w n m+le & unite ) "o ano!r1 & :e!r ! real collective _s1 ! s\l ( humanity1 may n ?us be weld$ toge!r4 ,b ! sad ?+ is1 if we are to g by pa/ exp]i5ce1 t all ^! mutual rubb+s & cla%+s1 f> f break+ ! %ells1 h>d51 ?ick5 & enl>ge !m4 ,!y are l corns t gr[ l>g] & /rong] ) rubb+4 ,al?\gh p]haps x is t ! cla%es are n viol5t en\gh4 ,& 9 any case x mu/ be cla%+1 n rubb+4 ,i d n l to rub aga9/ p b to cla% aga9/ !m2 ,i d n l to approa* p obliquely & glance (f !m at a tang5t1 b to meet !m frontally1 & if possible split !m 9 two4 ,x is ! be/ s]vice ,i c d !m4 ,& !re is no bett] prep>ation = ?is task ?an solitude4 ,x is v sad t we h to communicate ) "o ano!r by t\*+1 at mo/ by rubb+1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! h>d %ells t isolate u f "o ano!r4 ,& ,i am conv9c$ t ?is h>d %ell becomes weak] & m delicate1 9 solitude1 until x *anges into ! mo/ t5u\s membrane :i* p]mits ( ! action ( osmosis & exosmosis4 ,& t is :y ,i believe t x is solitude t makes m5 really sociable & human4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are two k9ds ( union3 "o by remov+ diff]5ces1 sep>at+ ! elem5ts t diff]5tiate f ^? t unite1 ! o!r by fusion1 br++ ^! diff]5ces into agreem5t4 ,if we take away f ! m9d ( ea* man t :i* is 8 own1 t way ( look+ at ?+s t is peculi> to him1 ev]y?+ t he takes c>e to hide = fe> p %\ld ?9k him mad1 we are left ) t :i* he has 9 common ) ev]yone else1 & ?is common elem5t gives u t wret*$ ?+ t is call$ common s5se & :i* is no?+ m ?an ! ab/ract ( ! practical intellig5ce4 ,b if we fuse into "o ! diff]+ judgm5ts ( p1 ) all t !y jeal\sly pres]ve1 & br+ _! caprices1 _! oddities1 _! s+ul>ities into agreem5t1 we %all h human s5se1 :i*1 9 ^? :o are ri* 9 x1 is n common b private s5se4 ,! be/ t occurs to m5 is t :i* occurs to !m :5 !y are alone1 t :i* !y d>e n confess1 n only n to _! neighb\r b v (t5 n ev5 to !mselves1 t :i* !y fly f1 t :i* !y imprison )9 !mselves :ile x is 9 a /ate ( pure ?\ght & be=e x c fl[] into words4 ,& ! solit>y is usually d>+ en\gh to express ?is1 to all[ x to fl[]1 & s x comes ab\t t he speaks t :i* o!rs ?9k 9 solitude by !mselves & :i* nobody d>es to publi%4 ,! solit>y ?9ks ev]y?+ al\d1 & surprises o!rs by say+ t :i* !y ?9k b5ea? _! brea?1 :ile !y seek to deceive "o ano!r by pret5d+ to make !m believe t !y are ?9k+ some?+ else1 b )\t anybody believ+ !m4 ,all ?is w help y to d$uce = y\rself 9 :at way & to :at ext5t solitude is ! great s*ool ( sociability1 & h[ "r x is t we %\ld sometimes )draw ourselves f m5 9 ord] t we may ! bett] s]ve !m4 ,,intellectuality ,,& ,,spirituality ,!re are m ?+s 9 heav5 & e>?1 ,horatio1 ,?an are dreamt ( 9 y\r philosophy4 ,hamlet1 ,act ,i1 ,sc5e ,v4 ,= "s days he _h be5 spiritually re/less4 ,8 /]ile m9d flitt$ hi!r & ?i!r l a butt]fly4 ,no?+ succe$$ 9 int]e/+ him4 ,he pick$ up a book1 read two or ?ree pages & !n _h to close x aga91 unable to control 8 w&]+ att5tion4 ,he tri$ to write1 b half ( ! %eets t he wrote he tore up4 ,& yet he _h nev] enjoy$ bett] heal?1 nev] felt ! blood c\rs+ m vigor\sly ?r\gh 8 ve9s1 or ! he>t & lungs work+ 9 bett] unison4 ,at ! same "t he _h a premonition ( some?+ /rong & mature )9 himself /riv+ to come to bir?2 he felt t he 0 on ! v]ge ( br++ =? ?\ghts brimful ( vitality & spl5d\r4 ,b some?+1 a k9d ( solemn calm1 aga9/ :i* he cont5d$ 9 va91 encompass$ & p>alys$ him4 ,x 0 no d\bt %e] ins5sibility 9 him n to wait 9 peace = ! grace ( ! ,_s to visit him b to seek to =ce x ) viol5ce4 ,at la/1 "o aft]noon1 :5 ! light ( ! sett+ sun 0 p\r+ ^u ! wide balcony ( 8 cell-l room1 he %ut himself up 9 x1 ) its dumb books1 ) all its famili> objects ! sight ( :i* 0 always grateful to him4 ,x 0 l %utt+ himself up )9 himself1 or ev5 bett] ?an t1 = ?is wont$ ambi5ce s]v$ him z a means ( communion ) ! _w4 ,t squ>e glass ink/&1 ^? fat p5-hold]s1 t c>pet1 t /\t lea!r arm-*air 9 :i* 8 body re/$ :ile 8 m9d w5t gallop+ away1 ^? r\gh pla9 *airs1 ^? r[s ( books aga9/ ! :ite nak$ walls3 all ^! ?+s 7 a k9d ( prolongation ( 8 _s & at ! same "t !y 7 l arms :i* ! _w /ret*$ out to enfold him 94 ,!y belong$ to him & yet !y belong$ also to ! _w2 !y 7 himself & at ! same !y 7 ! n-himself4 ,!y w\ld n deceive him1 no4 ,he _h t\*$ !m once & a ?\s& times & e t\* _h l9k$ itself ) all ! o!r t\*es1 until at la/ ^! ?+s ( humble use _h become inve/$ ) a k9d ( s\l made up ( ! outp\r+s ( _s & memories4 ,he _h books t 7 l lov]s1 grateful1 rememb]+1 = :5ev] he op5$ !m at r&om !y op5$ !mselves ( _! own accord at ! same place1 always (f]+ him ! same passage1 ! *oice/1 ! mo/ int5se1 ! mo/ life-giv+ t !y _h to (f]4 ,& :5 he read ! passage ov] aga91 ! intimate ambi5ce ( ! peaceful room yield$ up ! memory ( all ! o!r fugitive mom5ts :5 he _h read x be=e1 & 8 s\l vibrat$ across ! gulf ( "t until its vibrations 7 lo/ 9 t remot5ess ( ! pa/ :]e consci\sness loses itself too4 ,f ! balcony ( 8 room1 across r$ ro(s /a9$ "h & !re ) ! gre5 ( li*51 he c\ld j glimpse ! cl\ds gl[+ 9 ! sunset light4 ,& ne>] at h&1 along ! eaves ( ! ro( opposite1 ! :ite /one-crop blossom$1 its t9y fl[]ets n\ri%+ _! life ^u ! moi/ e>?y s$im5t wa%$ d[n by ! ra9 f ! sun-bak$ clay tiles & deposit$ 9 ! gutt]+4 ,9 summ]1 pigeons flew d[n f ! neighb\r+ belfry to bill & coo ^u ! ro(1 pick+ ! se$s ( ! /one-crop at its edge1 :ile ! d>k swifts skimm$ ?r\gh ! air above4 ,sometimes cats crept /eal?ily ) s9u\s movem5t across ! tiles4 ,^u ?is ro( too 8 eyes _h (t5 re/$2 ! little wild g>d5 9 ! gutt]1 ! pigeons1 ! swifts1 ! cats1 ^! too belong$ to him & at ! same "t to ! _w2 & (t5 :ile he _h held !m 9 8 gaze 8 m9d _h be5 int5t ^u 8 inn]mo/ ?\ghts4 ,he %ut himself up !re 9 8 /udy1 l an oy/] 9 its %ell4 ,he unte!r$ 8 m9d1 lett+ x roam at w1 )\t spur or bridle4 ,= a "t x w&]$ up & d[n1 pluck+ at pass+ ideas1 rang+ ov] ! backs ( ! books & div9+ fam\s names & titles ( r5[n4 ,!n x collect$ itself & )drew into ! body t x animat$ & made use (1 & pres5tly ! arm ( ?is body rea*$ out = a %eet ( pap] & ! eyes glanc$ ov] x4 ,x 0 ! /rid5t manife/o t _h be5 s mu* talk$ ab\t2 x 0 ! fam\s composition into :i* he1 he himself1 :o 0 n[ sitt+ at ease 9 8 c[-hide arm-*air1 _h empti$ 8 _s4 ,he began to read x1 & z he read x a /range disquiet invad$ him4 ,no1 t 0 n 81 t 0 n :at he _h ?\ght & believ$1 t 0 n :at he _h writt54 ,& yet !re c\ld be no d\bt ab\t x4 ,t1 t :i* n[ seem$ s /range to him1 he _h writt5 t1 & x _h increas$ 8 fame4 ,he read x ov] aga94 ,no1 we d n communicate :at we want to communicate1 he reflect$4 ,no soon] does a ?\ght inc>nate itself 9 words & issue =? into ! _w ?an x belongs to someone n ourself1 or r x belongs to nobody because x belongs to ev]ybody4 ,! fle% ) :i* language clo!s itself is communal & ext]nal2 x wiz5s up ?\ght1 x imprisons x & ev5 rev]ses & falsifies x4 ,x 0 a s+ul> & di/urb+ effect t 0 produc$ 9 him by read+ himself z if he 7 a /rang]1 z if 8 writ+ _h be5 writt5 by someone else4 ,?is effect ( ! duplication ( 8 p]sonality rem9d$ him ( a =m] exp]i5ce ( self-duplication :i* he nev] recall$ )\t a %udd]4 ,once :5 gaz+ at ! reflection ( 8 own gaze 9 a mirror he _h ! s5sation ( see+ himself z someone else2 he reg>d$ himself z an unsub/antial %ad[1 z an impalpable phantom1 & ?is al>m$ him to su* a degree t he call$ to himself s(tly by 8 own "n4 ,& 8 voice s\nd$ to him z if x 7 ! voice ( ano!r1 a voice :i* came =? out ( space1 out ( ! invisible1 out ( imp5etrable my/]y4 ,he cle>$ 8 ?roat1 t\*$ himself1 felt ! quick5$ beat+ ( 8 he>t4 ,he _h nev] =gott5 t un=gettable exp]i5ce4 ,8 pres5t feel+ 0 n ! same1 b x _h some?+ t resembl$ x4 ,_h he writt5 t8 ,0 he ! same p]son z ! man :o _h writt5 t8 ,did he conta9 )9 himself m ?an "o p]son8 ,might x n be t he c>ri$ )9 him a :ole legion ( s\ls sleep+ "o bel[ ano!r8 ,7 n all 8 ance/ors sleep+ some:]e 9 ! limbo ( 8 bra98 ,did o!rs see him z he saw himself1 or did !y see him q diff]5tly1 & 0 he always actually do+ & say+ t :i* he ?\ght he 08 ,?is la/ idea1 an absurd & extravagant idea1 _h obsess$ him = "s "t pa/ & x caus$ him angui%1 = he said to himself3 ,?is is madness1 ?is is %e] madness4 ,only too (t51 9 fact1 z he walk$ quietly along ! /reet1 x _h occurr$ to him to ?9k some?+ l ?is3 8,:at if1 in/ead ( walk+ quietly & sob]ly1 ,i 7 really pir\ett+ or mak+ ridicul\s contortions or behav+ improp]ly8 ,?is ho/ility :i* ,i h rem>k$ 9 c]ta9 ( my acqua9tance1 may x n h aris5 because ,i h said ?+s to !m :i* ,i am unaw>e ( hav+ said1 or because :5 ,i ?\ght ,i 0 (f]+ !m my h& ,i 0 9 fact mak+ "s impud5t or contemptu\s ge/ure8 ,:5 ,i imag9e myself to be say+ "o ?+1 may x n be !y he> some?+ v diff]5t or p]haps contr>y80 ,?is absurd obsession disquiet$ him1 irritat$ him1 made him d\bt ! sanity & vig\r ( 8 reason1 & he _h to ex]cise all ! p[] ( autosugge/ion at 8 comm& to ov]come x4 ,) a vigor\s ef=t he ?rew (f ?is ob/9ate vag>y ( 8 m9d1 b only to return to ! "q ( ! /rang5ess ( :at he _h writt54 ,=m]ly1 a long "t ago1 he _h be5 a conv9c$ det]m9i/1 unable to tol]ate ev5 ! m5tion ( free w1 s irrational did ! supposition ( x seem to him4 ,b lat] on1 aft] fur!r exam9ation ( ! "q1 8 inflexible det]m9i/ fai? _h brok5 d[n2 & n[1 at ! "t at :i* we discov] him1 seat$ 9 8 arm-*air 9 8 /udy1 he has put ?is "q ( det]m9ism & free w away into ! lumb]-room ( metaphysics f :i* he r>ely takes x out4 ,he believes n[ t sci5ce has n succe$$ 9 putt+ ?is "q 9 its true light1 b t x always involves x 9 a petitio pr9cipii4 ,b :at he really does feel--he feels r ?an ?9ks x--is t h[ev] free a man may be )9 himself1 9 s f> z he has to ext]iorize & manife/ himself1 to speak or to act1 to communicate ) 8 fell[s1 9 s f> z he has to avail himself ( 8 body & ( ! bodies ( o!rs1 he rema9s b\nd by ! rigid laws ( ^! bodies1 he is a slave4 ,my acts--he ?9ks--are nev] exclusively m9e3 if ,i speak ,i h to make use ( air t is n m9e 9 ord] to produce my voice2 nei!r are my vocal cords1 /rictly speak+1 m9e2 nor is ! language m9e :i* ,i mu/ use if ,i wi% to make myself und]/ood2 & ! case is ! same if ,i write1 if ,i /rike a bl[1 if ,i kiss1 if ,i fight4 ,& he asks himself 9 conclusion3 8,am ,i myself really m9e80 ,& s ! torm5t+ obsession buzzes r\nd him aga94 ,!re is some?+ :i* we h incorporat$ & made our own & !re is mu* t is completely ali5 to u2 & betwe5 ^! two extreme t]ms ev]y?+ is p>tly ours & p>tly n ours4 ,our life is a cont9ual combat betwe5 our _s :i* seeks to make itself ma/] ( ! _w1 to make ! _w its own1 to make ! _w x1 & ! _w :i* 9 its turn seeks to possess itself ( our _s1 to make our _s its own4 ,i wi% to make ! _w m9e--our man ?9ks--to make x myself1 & ! _w tries to make me its1 to make me x2 ,i /rive to p]sonalize x & x /rives to dep]sonalize me4 ,& 9 ?is tragic combat--= yes1 ! combat is a tragic "o--,i h to make use ( my enemy 9 ord] to dom9ate him1 & my enemy has to make use ( me 9 ord] to dom9ate me4 ,:atev] ,i say1 write or d1 x is only ) ! _w's help t ,i c say1 write or d x2 & ?us ! _w at once dep]sonalizes my say+1 writ+ & do+ & makes !m its own1 & ,i appe> to be diff]5t f :at ,i am4 ,:at an unhappy necessity is t ( writ+6 ,:at woeful con/ra9t is t ( hav+ to talk6 ,betwe5 any two :o talk toge!r1 language m$iates1 ! _w m$iates1 t :i* is nei!r "o nor ! o!r ( ! int]locutors m$iates2 !y are involv$ 9 ?is intrusive elem5t :i*1 :ile enabl+ !m to communicate1 sep>ates !m4 ,if x 7 only possible to create language 9 ! v act ( speak+ our ?\ght6444 ,und\bt$ly spee* is a m p]fect m$ium ?an writ+1 because x is less mat]ial3 ! vibrations ( ! air are dissipat$1 :ile ! trace ( ! ink rema9s4 ,und\bt$ly ! flatus vocis1 l ev]y?+ fugitive1 is ri*] 9 association1 m complete 9 or*e/ration1 :ile writ+1 l ev]y?+ concrete1 rema9s deta*$4 ,b bett] /ill if pure ?\ght c\ld communicate itself by means only ( ^? vague & fluid words ^u :i* x floats )9 ! s\l6 ,to make oneself und]/ood 9 words or writ+ is to communicate ! accid5ts1 n ! sub/ance1 ( ?\ght4 ,our man looks at ! cl\ds 9 ! we/]n sky1 comb$ out by ! unse5 comb ( ! w9d1 & wat*es !m turn to flame 9 ! light ( ! sett+ sun4 ,& he ?9ks ( ! sub/antial communion ( spirits1 communication by ! act ( spiritual pres5ce alone4 ,he rememb]$ h[ once1 on he>+ "s old ballad sung by a %eph]d boy1 ! s\nd ( :i* _h come to him fa9tly ?r\gh a leafy scre5 ( grey oaks1 he _h trembl$ & felt z if he he>d voices f ano!r _w1 n f ano!r _w beyond ?is _w1 b f a _w t lives )9 ! _w we "k--voices :i* seem$ to issue f ! v he>t ( ?+s1 z if !y 7 ! song ( ! s\l ( ! oaks1 ( ! cl\ds1 ( ! pebbles ( ! /ream1 ( ! e>? & ( ! sky4 ,:]e _h he he>d t song be=e8 ,:o kn[s8 ,p]haps "o night1 :5 he lay asleep1 ! %eph]d boy _h pass$ by s++ 8 song1 & ! song _h lapp$ 8 dream & /eep$ x 9 ! f\nta9s ( life4 ,ano!r "t--he rememb]$--:5 on a j\rney1 he _h met a woman1 a =eign]1 :o did n "k 8 language nor did he "k h]s4 ,nei!r ( !m knew any human tongue 9 :i* !y c\ld make !mselves und]/ood1 & !y sat !re 9 ! railway c>riage alone1 opposite "o ano!r1 look+ & sometimes smil+ at "o ano!r4 ,!irs 0 a protract$ & mute conv]sation4 ,:5 he ?\ght k9dly & t5d]ly ( h] ! /rang] smil$1 & :5 a less innoc5t desire /irr$ )9 him ! %ad[ ( a fr[n cross$ h] br[4 ,p]haps !y he>d1 )\t !mselves kn[+ t !y he>d1 ! measur$ beat+ ( _! he>ts1 beat+ 9 unison :ile _! eyes gaz$ at "o ano!r2 b )\t a d\bt ! brea? ( _! s\ls m+l$ toge!r4 ,= ! s\l brea!s4 ,! s\l brea!s4--,:y n speak 9 metaphors8 ,our man began to ?9k ab\t brea?+ & h[ ! air1 p5etrat+ into ! cells ( ! lungs1 a]ates ! blood1 ?is inn] atmosph]e ( our bodies4 ,x is ! mat]ial sub/ance ( ! _w--he ?\ght--:i* circulates )9 u2 x is ! _w dilut$ & made our own4 ,& f ?is he w5t on to imag9e a k9d ( spiritual a]ation ( our m9d1 & h[ ! _w ( col\rs1 =ms1 s\nds & impressions ( e k9d is dilut$ 9 x4 ,b ^! are metaphors1 no?+ b metaphors1 he said1 !n at once reflect+3 ,metaphors8 & :at is n metaphor8 ,sci5ce is built up ( metaphors & language is ess5tially metaphorical4 ,matt]1 =ce1 light1 memory--all metaphors4 ,:5 positivi/s1 or ^? :o consid] !mselves positivi/s1 try to sweep sci5ce clean ( metaphors1 !y sweep !m away ) a metaphorical broom1 & s sweep ! metaphors back aga94 ,& !n 8 m9d began to play ar\nd "o ( 8 specially fav\rite ideas1 namely ! idea ( ! sup]iority ( :at we call imag9ation ov] ! o!r s-call$ faculties ( ! _s1 & h[ ! excell5cy ( poets 0 great] ?an t ( m5 ( sci5ce & m5 ( action4 ,a ?\s& times he _h deplor$ ! b>b>\s intransig5ce ( mo/ ( ^? ) :om he _h to communicate--9 accid5tal1 n sub/antial1 communion2 t dismal lack ( compreh5sion ( e op9ion :i* !y d n !mselves %>e2 t ridicul\s belief t !re are ideas :i* "o mu/ necess>ily consid] absurd & :i* c only be pr(ess$ by confus$ & unh+$ m9ds4 ,all t--he 0 wont to say to himself--is simply lack ( imag9ation1 incapacity to see ?+s oneself1 ev5 mom5t>ily1 z o!rs see !m1 %e] aridity ( m9d4 ,h[ f> f all t 0 ! l>ge _s ( ! great ,goe!1 :o 0 able to feel himself dei/1 pan!i/1 a!i/ all at ! same "t1 ^: m9d embrac$ a pr(\nd und]/&+ ( paganism toge!r ) an equally pr(\nd und]/&+ ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,b ,goe! 0 a poet1 ! poet1 a true & ess5tial poet1 n a mis]able didactici/ or dogmati/ l ^? :o ?9k !y travel m safely ! m balla/ ( =mal logic !y c>ry1 at ! exp5se ( intellig5ce1 & ! m closely !y hug ! level %ores ( ?\ght1 moor$ fa/ to tradition & ! s5ses4 ,our man ca/ 8 eyes once m ov] ! manife/o & said to himself3 8,& ,i h be5 call$ an intellectual6 ,i6 ,i :o abhor intellectualism m ?an anybody6 ,if !y _h labell$ me #8an imag9ative'--well & good4 ,b an intellectual80 ,& he ?\ght ( ,paul ( ,t>sus & ! pregnant s5t5ces ( 8 epi/les4 ,he ?\ght ( ,paul ( ,t>sus & 8 classification ( m5 into c>nal1 intellectual & spiritual1 = s he 0 pleas$ to translate x1 or r to int]pret x4 ,= !re 0 a "t :5 he _h delight$ 9 exegesis4 ,n sci5tific exegesis2 n inve/igat+ & se>*+ = ! actual mean+ ( ! writ]s ( ! sacr$ books2 n co-ord9at+ !m logically & try+ to discov]1 by ref]5ce to ! ideas & s5tim5t ( ! age & c\ntry 9 :i* !y liv$1 :at !y really felt & ?\ght2 b tak+ z 8 />t+-po9t ! text t _h be5 consecrat$ & enri*$ by c5turies ( tradition & !nce laun*+ out into free speculation4 ,! mom5t t ,paul ( ,t>sus gave 8 epi/les to ! _w !y ceas$ to be 81 !y belong$ to ! _w1 !y 7 "p ( ! common /ock1 ( ! patrimony1 ( humanity1 & x 0 possible = him to und]/& !m & feel !m altoge!r diff]5tly f ! way 9 :i* ! ,apo/le himself _h felt & und]/ood !m4 ,t :i* o!rs did to 8 writ+s :5 !y read !m & comm5t$ ^u !m1 x 0 possible = him to d to ! ,apo/le's1 provid$ he und]took ! task ) k & consci5ti\sness4 ,! actual text furni%$ 8 m9d ) ! necess>y foo?old1 x 0 ! jump+-(f place f :i* 8 imag9ation c\ld take flight4 ,& 9 ,paul ( ,t>sus1 9 8 epi/le to ! ,romans & 8 fir/ epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 he f\nd ^? ?ree classes ( m53 ! c>nal or s>c9al1 1 ! natural or psy*ical1 1 & ! spiritual or pneumatical1 4 ,he _h (t5 read t #ad? v]se ( ! #g? *apt] ( ! epi/le to ! ,romans3 8,= we "k t ! law is spiritual pneumatical2 b ,i am c>nal s>c9al1 sold "u s902 & t #dd? v]se ( ! #aa? *apt] ( ! fir/ epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians :i* says t !re is a natural or psy*ical body & a spiritual or pneumatical body2 & he 0 aw>e t = ! ,apo/le ! psy*e1 1 0 some?+ inf]ior1 some?+ t 0 m or less equival5t to :at 0 lat] to be call$ ! vital =ce1 ! s5sitive s\l1 common to m5 & animals2 ! pneuma1 on ! o!r h&1 be+ ! high] "p ( ! s\l1 ! _s1 ! ( ! ,/oics1 some?+ t survives ! body4 ,b he pref]r$ to give x ano!r int]pretation1 & he always reg>d$ ! psy*e z ! intellectual p[] t is b\nd to ! necessities ( our actual e>?ly life1 ! slave ( a logic t is educat$ & tra9$ by ! /ruggle = life1 ord9>y1 common1 curr5t k1 necess>y 9 ord] to enable u to live1 ! k f :i* sci5ce is evolv$4 ,he c\ld n help ?9k+ ( psy*ical m5 z intellectuals1 m5 ( common s5se & logic1 m5 ^: ideas are dom9at$ by ! associations :i* ! ext]nal & visible _w sugge/s to !m1 reasonable m5 :o are tra9$ to "s pr(ession & practice x1 :o1 if !y are doctors1 le>n h[ to cure diseases1 if eng9e]s to con/ruct roads1 if *emi/s to prep>e drugs & analyse comp\nds1 if ar*itects to build h\ses4 ,^! psy*ical m5 are ! av]age m51 ^? :o take ! middle c\rse1 ^? ( :om x is said t !y h a s\nd & cle> judgm5t & /&>d1 ^? :o d n believe 9 any fallacy t is n consecrat$ by tradition & habit1 ^? :o nev] swall[ any new absurdity1 because _! m9ds are already s /uff$ ) timeworn absurdities4 ,betwe5 ^! & ! c>nal or s>c9al m5 he always e/abli%$ a diff]5ce4 ,= him ! c>nal m5 7 ! bruti%1 ! absolutely uncultur$1 ^? :o sc>cely ?9k ( any?+ b eat+1 dr9k+ & sleep+1 ^? :o are :olly & completely imm]g$ 9 animal life4 ,! psy*ical man1 no2 ! psy*ical man is int]e/$ 9 que/ions ( sci5ce & culture2 ! psy*ical ,spani>d prea*es national reg5]ation1 is en?usia/ic ab\t ! telephone1 ! gramophone & ! c9ematograph1 reads ,flamm>ion1 ,haeckel1 ,ribot1 buys popul> works on philosophy1 & if he is 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a railway /&s 9 ec/atic contemplation ( ! maje/ic progress ( ! locomotive4 ,if ! psy*ical man is an or?odox ,ca?olic1 he admires ! g5ius ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 al?\gh he has nev] read him1 he kn[s t mod]n geology squ>es ) ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! ,creation1 & t x is legitimate to admit a "p ( ,d>w9ism1 & t ! ,*ur* possesses a rem$y = all ! social ills t afflict our age4 ,! psy*ical man is an intellectual1 8 intellect may be small or great1 b fundam5tally he is an intellectual4 ,& la/ly come ! spiritual m51 ! dream]s1 ^? :om ! intellectuals contemptu\sly call my/ics1 ^? :o tol]ate ! tyranny nei!r ( sci5ce nor ( logic1 ^? :o believe t !re is ano!r _w )9 our _w & my/]i\s dormant =ces 9 ! dep?s ( our _s1 ^? :o speak ! language ( ! he>t & _m :o pref] n to speak at all4 ,mo/ ( ! great poets h be5 spiritual m51 n intellectuals4 ,( "o ( !m1 ( ! sweet s+] ,wordswor?1 x has be5 said t he 0 a g5ius )\t tal5t1 t is to say a great _s )\t suffici5t intellig5ce4 ,h[ _m times _h he n read & re-read ! end ( ! second & ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird *apt] ( ! fir/ epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians6 8,= :at man kn[e? ! ?+s ( a man1 save ! _s ( man :i* is 9 him8 ,ev5 s ! ?+s ( ,god kn[e? no man1 b ! _s ( ,god4 ,n[ we h receiv$ n ! _s ( ! _w1 b ! _s :i* is ( ,god2 t we might "k ! ?+s t are freely giv5 to u ( ,god4 ,:i* ?+s also we speak1 n 9 ! words :i* man's wisdom tea*e? n ) didactical argum5ts1 :i* is ! t]m employ$ 9 ! text1 b :i* ! ,holy ,_s tea*e?2 comp>+ spiritual ?+s ) spiritual4 ,b ! natural man psy*ical1 or z our man translat$ x1 intellectual receive? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god3 = !y are fooli%ness unto him3 nei!r c he "k !m1 because !y are spiritually disc]n$4 ,b he t is spiritual pneumatical judge? all ?+s1 yet he himself is judg$ ( no man4 ,= :o ha? kn[n ! m9d ( ! ,"l t he may in/ruct him8 ,b we h ! m9d ( ,*ri/4 ,& ,i1 bre?r51 c\ld n speak unto y z unto spiritual1 b z unto c>nal s>c9al1 ev5 z unto babes 9 ,*ri/4 ,i h f$ y ) milk1 & n ) meat2 = hi!rto ye 7 n able to be> x1 nei!r yet n[ are ye able4 ,= ye are yet c>nal44440 ,he turn$ aga9 to ! epi/les ( ,paul ( ,t>sus & re-read ! v]ses t he _h s (t5 read be=e4 8,! ?+s ( ,god kn[e? no man1 b ! ,_s ( ,god40 ,& he said to himself3 ,useless to seek to "k ! ?+s ( ,god by ! me?od ( didactical argum5t1 ( !ology1 ( logic2 a !ology is a contradiction 9 t]ms1 = ! !os is at w> ) ! logia2 argum5ts d n help u to rea* ,god4 ,& he rememb]$ ,kant & 8 %att]+ ( ! suppos$ logical pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & h[ 9 8 own _s all t scaffold+ ( a metalogical belief1 spiritual & n intellectual1 psy*ical & n pneumatical1 _h collaps$4 ,! ontological pro(1 ! cosmological pro(1 ! metaphysical pro(1 ! e?ical pro(1 all _h come tumbl+ d[n 9 8 m9d at ! same "t1 & ) !m ! s-call$ ,god ( reason4 ,all t !ological rationalism _h come to e>? 9 8 _s ) a cra%1 ?\gh ! noise ( x 0 he>d only by himself1 de/roy+ n a few delicate fl[]s 9 its fall & cov]+ ! gr\nd ) rubbi%4 ,upheavals ( ! he>t1 e>?quakes ( ! _s1 _h cle>$ ! gr\nd ( ! debris1 & 9 a new way1 a way ! intellectuals d n "k1 !re sprung up )9 him a fai? :i* came f ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,= ! ?+s ( ,god kn[e? no man1 b ! ,_s ( ,god4 8,:i* ?+s also we speak1 n 9 ! words :i* man's wisdom tea*e?1 b :i* ! ,_s tea*e?1 comp>+ spiritual ?+s ) spiritual40--,my/ic6 ,?is ^w1 spat out ) contempt1 l an insult or a reproa*1 seem$ to be spok5 into 8 e>1 & s ne>1 s cle>1 s di/9ct x 01 t he involunt>ily turn$ 8 head4 ,& !re at 8 side1 n 9 ! body1 visible & tangible1 b pres5t 9 ! _s1 0 ! prototype ( ! intellectual1 ) all 8 mo/ exclusively intellectual attributes--!re 0 ! psy*ical man1 ! natural man p> excell5ce4 ,!re he 0 repeat+ 8 physiological cre$ p>rot-wise1 :ile 9 8 he>t he rebell$ aga9/ 8 poetic & creative impot5ce1 aga9/ 8 unconfess$ unspirituality4--,he %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s1 smil$ & turn$ aga9 to look at ! sl[ly d>k5+ sky4 ,! sunset cl\ds n[ appe>$ l m\nta9s ( a%es1 ! rema9s ( ! sol> conflagration4 ,he turn$ on ! electric swit* & ! wire ?read gl[$ 9 ! bulb--!re 0 light1 light ( man's mak+1 light ( appli$ sci5ce4 8,b ! natural man receive? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god3 = !y are fooli%ness into him3 nei!r c he "k !m1 because !y are spiritually disc]n$40 ,fooli%ness 444 madness 444 he repeat$ to himself1 :ile 8 eyes w&]$ ov] ^? famili> objects :i* ! electric light _h call$ =? out ( ! d>k %ad[s4 ,madness 444 & :at is madness8 ,!re are ali5i/s1 phr5o-pa?ologi/s1 psy*iatri/s1 & :o kn[s by h[ _m o!r names !y are call$8444 ,b :at is sanity8 ,= p]haps "o ought to beg9 ) t4 ,heal? is t condition 9 :i* a man is free f e k9d ( disease2 b :at is disease8 ,heal?1 o!rs say1 is 8t condition 9 :i* ! organism ex]cises all its faculties normally40#e ,normally 444 normally 444 & :at is ! normal8 ,he /ret*$ out 8 h& = a book :i* he 0 j !n read+1 a book /or$ ) a mass ( data relat+ to ! my/]i\s life ( ! _s1 ! "w ( t noble m9d t _h be5 ! s\l ( ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*1 & he read3 8,! ^w normal 9 common spee* is us$ almo/ indiff]5tly to imply ei!r ( two ?+s1 :i* may be v diff]5t f ea* o!r--con=mity to a /&>d & position z an av]age betwe5 extremes4 ,(t51 inde$1 ! av]age con/itutes ! /&>d--z :5 a gas is ( av]age d5sity2 or is practically equival5t to ! /&>d--z :5 a sov]eign is ( normal weight4 ,b :5 we come to liv+ organisms a new factor is introduc$4 ,life is *ange2 ea* liv+ organism *anges2 ea* g5]ation diff]s f its pr$ecessor4 ,to assign a fix$ norm to a *ang+ species is to %oot po9t-blank at a fly+ bird4 ,! actual av]age at any giv5 mom5t is no ideal /&>d2 r1 ! fur!/ evolution>y /age n[ rea*$ is t5d+1 giv5 /ability 9 ! environm5t1 to become ! av]age ( ! future40#f ,he %ut ! book & said to himself aga93 ,normal 444 madness 444 sanity 444 disease 444 heal?4444 ,! madness ( to-day w be ! sanity ( to-morr[1 j z ! sanity ( to-day w appe> madness to-morr[4 ,intellectuals call t madness :i* !y are unable to und]/&1 = x c only be disc]n$ spiritually4 ,& an intellectual1 :at is he1 9 ! la/ in/ance1 b a normal man1 a man ( ! via m$ia1 equally f> remov$ f ! c>nal & f ! spiritual man8 ,! intellectual is ! man ( ! via m$ia1 at an equal di/ance f ! enorm\s mass ( c>nality & f ! v limit$ quantity ( consci\s spirituality--= ! o!r k9d ( spirituality1 ! unconsci\s & pot5tial1 is dormant 9 all m5 & is p]haps m alive 9 ! c>nal m5 !mselves ?an 9 ! intellectuals4 ,= x is easi] = ! fle% ?an = ! intellect to receive ! _s2 betwe5 intellect & _s ! logic ( ! s*ools int]poses4 ,! intellectual is ! man ( av]age s5se1 :i* he calls common s5se1 & :i* is z f> f ! univ]sal1 cosmic or in/9ctive s5se 9 :i* c>nal m5 live1 z x is f t private s5se :i* =tifies ! _s ( spiritual m54 8,b he t is spiritual judge? all ?+s1 yet he himself is judg$ ( no man40 ,by :at "r d ^? ^: own _s is buri$ b5ea? _! intellect judge ! ?+s ( ! _s8 8,= :o ha? kn[n ! m9d ( ! ,"l1 t he may in/ruct him8 ,b we h ! m9d ( ,*ri/40 ,at ?is ^w ,*ri/ our man's ?9k+ 0 arre/$4 ,he _h arriv$ at :at is call$ ! religi\s problem & x pres5t$ itself to him 9 ! =m "u :i* he _h be5 contemplat+ x n[ = "s "t4 ,9 ?is problem--! problem1 ! religi\s problem--he saw ! pr9cipal t\*/one t di/+ui%es ! intellectuals f ! spiritual m54 ,9 s f> z ! religi\s "q is conc]n$1 ! intellectuals pres5t$ !mselves to him1 9 effect1 z divid$ into two l>ge gr\ps1 usually call$ believ]s & unbeliev]s4 ,tak+ ^! t]ms 9 ! concrete & 9 relation to 8 own c\ntry1 !y resolv$ !mselves into intellectual ,ca?olics & intellectual non-,ca?olics1 :o 9 practice 7 always anti-,ca?olics4 ,^! two factions cont5d$ "o aga9/ ano!r2 b z a conte/ is only possible on a common basis1 !y cont5d$ on ! same gr\nd4 ,no conte/ is possible betwe5 a fi% :i* nev] em]ges f ! dep?s ( ! sea & a bird :i* nev] desc5ds f ! altitudes ( ! air4 ,^! two factions cont5d$ fac+ "o ano!r--t is to say1 "o look+ 9 "o direction & ! o!r 9 ano!r--b bo? /&+ on ! same gr\nd1 bo? on ! same plane ( intellectuality4 ,& woe to him :o %\ld address !m ei!r f above or f bel[1 f ano!r plane ?an !irs1 f ! plane ( spirituality or f ! plane ( c>nality4 ,!y w bo? unite 9 call+ him ei!r a madman or a brute4 ,^! two factions cont5d toge!r4 ,= ! "o1 religion is ne$ful z ! necess>y basis ( morality1 social ord] be+ impossible )\t ! fe> ( hell1 ( dea? & ( ! devil2 religion is assur$ by ext]nal pro(s1 prophecies1 miracles--or1 r1 acc\nts ( miracles--& be=e all & above all1 by a tradition ( c5turies re/+ ^u an au?ority4 ,= ! o!r1 pro(s ( ! tru? ( religion are want+2 social ord] c be e/abli%$ )\t hell or ! fe> ( dea? & ( ! devil1 & ! tradition has nei!r be5 con/ant nor does x possess any conv9c+ logical value4 ,bo? approa* ! "q f ! same side3 ! "o sees 9 religion a social in/itution devot$ to ! int]e/s ( ord]1 ! o!r a social in/itution devot$ to ! int]e/s ( despotism2 ! "o seeks = ext]nal logical pro(s & ! o!r rejects ^! pro(s4 ,advocates1 & m]ely advocates1 bo? ( !m6 ,= bo? ( !m x is a "q ( a social in/itution1 some?+ bas$ ^u ext]nal au?orities & evid5ces or inevid5ces1 ^u some?+ logical or illogical4 ,x is :at !y call ! conflict betwe5 reason & fai?1 al?\gh ?is fai? is n fai? b only belief4 ,x 0 n possible = him1 = our man1 to feel x 9 t way1 & ! argum5ts ( ! "o side int]e/$ him z little z ^? ( ! o!r4 ,disputes ( intellectuals6444 ,he 0 n[ call$ to supp] & he w5t away to att5d to ! wants ( ! body1 giv+ x fir/ food & !n sleep4 ,,! ,,mat]ialism ,,( ,,! ,,masses ,9 ! c\rse ( my frequ5t p]egr9ations1 :5 ,i g up & d[n ! c\ntry prea*+ my lay s]mons 9 ! t[ns & cities ( ,spa91 ,i h a way ( tak+ my audi5ces z raw mat]ial = exp]im5t4 ,i c>ry out te/s ^u !m1 obs]v+ h[ !y respond & react to my words4 ,& ,i h obs]v$ t :5ev] !y he> me say some?+ :i* !y ?9k1 h[ev] errone\sly1 implies a k9d ( negation ( ! immortality ( ! s\l & ( ! exi/5ce ( ano!r life transc5d+ ?is _w1 !y break out into applause4 ,& ?is applause sadd5s me & sometimes prompts me to attack4 ,if ^! outbur/s ( applause meant simply3 8,he>1 he>6 ,bravo6 ,?is man's hone/4 ,he puts love ( tru?1 h[ev] pa9ful ! tru? may be1 be=e love ( consolation0--if ! applause meant t1 ,i w\ld accept x1 ?\gh ) a c]ta9 sadness4 ,b no1 ?is applause means some?+ diff]5t4 ,x means3 8,he>1 he>6 ,excell5t6 ,we don't want ano!r life6 ,?is life is en\gh = u60 ,& ?is w\nds me1 = x is an explosion ( ! mo/ debas+ mat]ialism4 ,n believ+ t ,god exi/s or t ! s\l is immortal1 or believ+ t ,god does n exi/ & t ! s\l is n immortal--& believ+ t ! s\l is n immortal is n ! same z n believ+ t x is immortal--?is is a belief t ,i c respect2 b n wi%+ t ,god %\ld exi/ or t ! s\l %\ld be immortal is a ?+ pr(\ndly repell5t to me4 ,& x is precisely because ,i h ?is ?orn 9 my he>t ( he>ts1 because ,i _c resign myself to "o day return+ to unconsci\sness1 because ,i h a ?ir/ = et]nity1 t ?is applause bruises my he>t4 ,t a man %\ld n believe 9 ano!r life1 t ,i und]/&1 = ,i myself f9d no pro( ( x2 b t he %\ld resign himself to ?is1 & above all t he %\ld n desire any?+ m ?an ?is life1 t is a ?+ ,i d inde$ n und]/&4 ,& !n ^! gross calumniations ( ,*ri/ & ( ,*ri/ianity1 ^! /upidities t g contr>y to nature & t h /unt$ ! human _s1 & all ?is alluvion ( vulg>ity t s _m un=tunate p swall[ :ole4444 ,9 "o ( ^? s]ies ( popul> publications :i* flatt] & s$uce ! co>se/ in/9cts ( ! unlett]$ multitudes1 !re is a book--translat$ f ! ,italian1 ,i believe--entitl$ 8,jesus ,*ri/ ,has ,nev] ,exi/$40 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ deplorable1 %all[1 & wor?less books imag9able1 inspir$ n by a love ( tru? b by ! mo/ blatant sect>ianism4 ,i 0 talk+ ab\t x "o day to a man :o _h read x & :o _h be5 delight$ ) x1 & ,i said3 8,x is n ! !sis t %ocks me4 ,! !sis t ,jesus _h no hi/orical exi/5ce1 t ,he is a my?1 has _m times be5 put =w>d1 & ) app>5tly v plausible argum5ts1 at any rate ) erudition--rec5tly by ,k>?(f--b x is a !sis t has be5 demoli%$ by ! mo/ judici\s inve/igators1 no matt] :at _! p]sonal cre$ may h be540 ,he repli$3 8,!n ,i'm sorry1 = ,he ought n to h exi/$40 ,& naturally ,i did n "k :at to say to t4 ,?is lack ( ideality1 ?is aridity & pov]ty ( inw>d life1 :i* is impli$ by n long+ = ano!r & transc5d5tal life1 all ?is practical mat]ialism1 is dismay+ to ! m9d ( :osoev] m$itates a little ^u ! wor? ( human life4 ,= my own "p1 ,i h v little hope ( peoples :o fall into ?is mat]iali/ic attitude4 ,und]/& me cle>ly3 ,i am n assur+ y1 nor c ,i assure y1 t !re is ano!r life2 ,i myself am n conv9c$ t !re is2 b ,i _c conceive t a man1 a true man1 %\ld n m]ely resign himself to ! enjoym5t ( ?is life only1 b t he %\ld r5\nce & ev5 spurn ano!r life4 ,& z = ?is idea t we %all cont9ue to live 9 our works1 9 our *ildr51 9 ! memory ( o!r g5]ations1 & t ev]y?+ r5ews & trans=ms itself1 & t we %all help to build up a m p]fect society--all ?is appe>s to me to be ! mo/ mis]able subt]fuge = escap+ ! dep?s ( despair4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! radicalism ( c]ta9 sections ( ! masses dismays me & :y ,i _c hope t any?+ fruitful w come ( x4 ,! radicalism ( ! masses 9 ,spa91 & p]haps 9 o!r s-call$ ,lat91 or1 m /rictly speak+1 ,ca?olic1 c\ntries1 is lack+ 9 ! _s & sub/ance ( religion4 ,! weak po9t 9 our socialism is its confus$ notion ( ! supreme end ( ! individual life4 ,let u bett] ! economic condition ( man--good6 ,let u put an end to ! division betwe5 ri* & poor--exactly6 ,let u realize a /ate 9 :i* a mod]ate am\nt ( "w w be suffici5t to satisfy all our wants--v good6 ,& !n8 ,we h n[ creat$ a society su* z ,bebel or ,kropotk9 dream$ (1 & :at is to happ5 to ea* "o ( u 9 ?is society8 ,:at is to be ! end ( ?is society8 ,:at %all we live =8 8,get ri*60 said ,guizon1 ! ,calv9i/1 to ! ,ca?olic b\rgeoisie ( ,france2 8get ri*60 ,v good4 ,& !n1 :5 we h got ri*8444 ,a c\ntry 9 :i* ! p ?9k only ( gett+ ri* is a c\ntry 444 well1 ,i w\ld r n inquire :at k9d ( a c\ntry x is4 ,suffice x to say t ,i at any rate %\ld die 9 x ( cold1 ( %ame1 ( disgu/4 ,& if a c\ntry :i* is solely preoccupi$ ) gett+ ri* is abhorr5t to me1 /ill m abhorr5t is ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! dom9ant preoccupation is t ( enjoym5t1 ( div]sion4 ,9 o!r words1 ( self-/upefaction4 ,a collective patriotic en?usiasm1 an imp]iali/ic in/9ct1 a passionate desire to influ5ce o!r peoples & to impress y\r own /amp ^u !m--?is1 aft] all1 is some?+4 ,b ?is en?usiasm1 ?is in/9ct1 ?is desire1 lives & burns 9 ^? peoples :i* pres]ve ! inw>d spr+ ( religion1 an und]ly+ inext+ui%able ?ir/ = et]nity4 ,! p t is satisfi$ ) ?is life lives1 /rictly speak+1 on ! def5sive1 & ! p t lives on ! def5sive ends by be+ absorb$ & dom9at$ by ^? 9 :om ! aggressive & dom9at+ in/9ct is upp]mo/4 ,! s-call$ /ruggle = life is efficaci\s only :5 ! /ruggle is = pr$om9ance1 n = pres]vation4 ,! ess5ce ( be+1 z ,sp9oza %[$1 consi/s n s mu* 9 ! ef=t to p]si/ 9 m]e be+ z 9 ! ef=t to become m1 to become ev]y?+4 ,x is ! appetite = inf9ity & et]nity4 ,i d n "k :at is to be hop$ f peoples t h be5 mat]ializ$ by a long indoctr9ation ( implicit ,ca?olic fai?1 ^: beliefs are a matt] ( r\t9e1 9 :om ! inn] spr+ appe>s to be exhau/$--t inw>d disquietude :i* di/+ui%es ! ess5tially ,prote/ant _s4 ,i d n "k :at is to be hop$ f peoples 9 :om c5turies ( a religion m social ?an individual1 *>act]iz$ r by ritual & c]emony & ext]nality & au?ority ?an by inw>d /ruggle1 h result$ 9 g5]at+ a k9d ( free-?9k+ t issues 9 indiff]5ce & 9 resignation to ! life ( ?is _w4 ,f ! sup]/ition ( a ridicul\s & *ildi% heav5 & hell !y h fall5 into ! sup]/ition ( a gross & unspiritual e>?4 ,,! ,,man ,,( ,,fle% ,,& ,,bone ,homo sum2 nihil humani a me ali5um puto1 said ! ,lat9 playwright4 ,& ,i w\ld r say3 ,nullum hom9em a me ali5um puto3 ,i am a man2 no o!r man d ,i deem a /rang]4 ,= to me ! adjective humanus is no less suspect ?an its ab/ract sub/antive humanitas1 humanity4 ,nei!r ! 8human0 nor 8humanity10 nei!r ! simple adjective nor ! sub/antiviz$ adjective1 b ! concrete sub/antive--man4 ,! man ( fle% & bone2 ! man :o is born1 suff]s1 & dies--above all1 :o dies2 ! man :o eats & dr9ks & plays & ?9ks & wills2 ! man :o is se5 & he>d2 ! bro!r1 ! real bro!r4 ,= !re is some?+ else t is also call$ man1 & he is ! subject ( _m m or less sci5tific speculations4 ,he is ! leg5d>y fea!rless bip$1 ! ( ,ari/otle1 ! social contractor ( ,r\sseau1 ! homo economicus ( ! ,man*e/] s*ool1 ! homo sapi5s ( ,l9nu1 or1 if y l1 ! v]tical mammal4 ,a man nei!r ( "h nor !re1 nei!r ( ?is age nor ( ano!r1 :o has nei!r sex nor c\ntry1 :o is1 9 brief1 m]ely an idea4 ,t is to say1 a no-man4 ,our man is ! o!r man1 ! man ( fle% & bone--,i & y1 my read]1 & ! o!r man ov] !re1 all ( u :o weigh ^u ! e>?4 ,& ?is concrete man1 ?is man ( fle% & bone1 is at once ! subject & ! supreme object ( all philosophy1 :e!r c]ta9 self-/yl$ philosoph]s l x or n4 ,9 mo/ ( ! hi/ories ( philosophy t ,i "k1 philosophic sy/ems are pres5t$ to u z if !y grew out ( "o ano!r & _! au?ors1 ! philosoph]s1 appe> only z m]e pretexts4 ,! inw>d biography ( ! philosoph]s1 ( ! m5 :o philosophiz$1 occupies a second>y place4 ,& x is ?is1 nev]!less1 ?is inw>d biography1 t expla9s mo/ ?+s to u4 ,x behoves u to say1 be=e all1 t philosophy lies clos] to poetry ?an to sci5ce4 ,all philosophic sy/ems t h be5 con/ruct$ z a supreme concord ( ! f9al results ( ! individual sci5ces h 9 e age possess$ mu* less consi/5cy & less life ?an ^? :i* h express$ ! integral desire ( ! _s ( _! au?ors4 ,= ! fact is t ! sci5ces1 important to u z !y are & inde$ indisp5sable = our life & ?\ght1 are 9 a c]ta9 s5se m extrane\s to u ?an philosophy4 ,!y fulfil a m objective end1 t is to say1 an end m ext]nal to ourselves4 ,!y are1 at bottom1 a matt] ( economics4 ,a new sci5tific discov]y1 ( ! k9d call$ !oretical1 is l a me*anical discov]y--t ( ! /eam-eng9e1 ! telephone1 ! phonograph1 or ! a]oplane--a ?+ t is useful = some?+4 ,?us ! telephone may be useful to u 9 enabl+ u to communicate at a di/ance ) ! woman we love4 ,b %e1 :at is %e useful to u =8 ,a man takes an electric tram to g to he> an op]a & asks himself3 ,:i* is 9 ?is case m useful1 ! tram or ! op]a8 ,philosophy answ]s to our ne$ ( =m+ a complete & unit>y conception ( ! _w & ( life1 & z a result ( ?is conception1 a feel+ :i* gives bir? to an inw>d attitude & ev5 to an activity4 ,b 9 fact ?is feel+1 in/ead ( be+ a consequ5ce ( ?is conception1 is ! cause ( x4 ,our philosophy--t is1 our mode ( und]/&+ or ( n und]/&+ ! _w & life--spr+s f our feel+ t[>ds life itself4 ,& ?is1 l ev]y?+ affective1 has subconsci\s1 p]haps unconsci\s1 roots4 ,x is n usually our ideas t make u optimi/s or pessimi/s1 b x is our optimism or our pessimism1 ( physiological or p]haps pa?ological orig91 z mu* ! "o z ! o!r1 t makes our ideas4 ,man1 !y say1 is a reason+ animal4 ,i d n "k :y he has n be5 def9$ z an affective or feel+ animal4 ,p]haps t :i* diff]5tiates him f o!r animals is feel+ r ?an reason4 ,m (t5 ,i h se5 a cat reason ?an laugh or weep4 ,p]haps x weeps or laughs inw>dly--b !n p]haps ! crab also resolves equations ( ! second degree inw>dly4 ,& ?us 9 a philosoph] :at mu/ mo/ conc]n u is ! man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,man is an end1 n a means4 ,all civilization addresses itself to man1 to ea* man1 to ea* 8,i40 ,:at is ?is idol--call x ,humanity or call x :at y w--to :i* all m5 & ea* individual man mu/ be sacrific$8 ,= ,i sacrifice myself = my neighb\rs1 = my fell[-c\ntrym51 = my *ildr51 & ^! sacrifice !mselves 9 _! turn = !irs1 & !irs aga9 = ^? :o come aft] !m1 & s on 9 a nev]-end+ s]ies ( g5]ations4 ,& :o receives ! fruit ( ?is sacrifice8 ,^? :o talk to u ab\t ?is fanta/ic sacrifice1 ?is d$ication )\t an object1 are wont to talk to u also ab\t ! "r to live4 ,& :at is ?is "r to live8 ,!y tell me t ,i h come into ! _w to realize ,i "k n :at social end2 b ,i feel t ,i1 l ea* "o ( my fell[s1 am "h to realize myself1 to live4 ,yes1 yes1 ,i see x all--an enorm\s social activity1 a mighty civilization1 an accumulation ( sci5ce1 ( art1 ( indu/ry1 ( morality1 & aft]w>ds1 :5 we h fill$ ! _w ) indu/rial m>vels1 ) great factories1 ) roads1 ) museums1 ) libr>ies1 we %all fall exhau/$ at ! foot ( x all1 & x w endure--= :om8 ,0 man made = sci5ce or 0 sci5ce made = man8 8,:y60--! read] w exclaim--8we are gett+ back to :at ! ,cate*ism says3 #8,q4 ,= :om did ,god create ! _w8 ,a4 ,= man'80 ,precisely--s ought ! man :o is a man to reply4 ,! ant1 if x took acc\nt ( ^! matt]s & 7 a p]son1 consci\s ( itself1 w\ld reply3 8,= ! ant10 & x w\ld reply rightly4 ,! _w is made = consci\sness1 = ea* consci\sness4 ,a human s\l is wor? all ! univ]se1 someone has said--,i "k n :o1 b x 0 excell5tly well said4 ,a human s\l1 m9d y6 ,n a human life4 ,n ?is life4 ,& x is a fact t ! less a man believes 9 ! s\l1 t is to say1 9 8 consci\s immortality1 p]sonal & concrete1 ! m he w exagg]ate ! wor? ( ?is poor transitory life4 ,h5ce arises ! effem9ate s5tim5tal feel+ aga9/ w>4 ,true1 a man ought n to wi% to die1 b x is ! o!r1 ! et]nal dea?1 t he ought n to wi%4 8,:osoev] w save 8 life %all lose x10 says ! ,gospel2 b x does n say 8:osoev] w save 8 s\l10 ! immortal s\l--! s\l t we believe & wi% to be immortal4 ,& all ^? def9]s ( objectism d n realize1 or r d n wi% to realize1 t a man1 9 affirm+ 8 8,i10 8 p]sonal consci\sness1 affirms man1 man concrete & real1 affirms ! true humanism--! humanism ( man1 n ( ! ?+s ( man--& 9 affirm+ man he affirms consci\sness4 ,= ! only consci\sness ( :i* we h consci\sness is t ( man4 ,! _w is = consci\sness4 ,or r ?is =1 ?is notion ( f9ality1 & feel+ r ?an notion1 ?is teleological feel+ is born only :]e !re is consci\sness4 ,consci\sness & f9ality are ! same ?+ fundam5tally4 ,if ! sun possess$ consci\sness x w\ld ?9k1 no d\bt1 t x liv$ 9 ord] to give light to ! worlds2 b x w\ld also & above all ?9k t ! worlds exi/$ 9 ord] t x might give !m light & joy 9 giv+ !m light & s live4 ,& x w\ld ?9k well4 ,& all ?is tragic fight ( man to save himself1 ?is immortal crav+ = immortality :i* caus$ ! man ,kant to make t immortal leap#g ( :i* ,i h spok51 all ?is is simply a fight = consci\sness4 ,if consci\sness is1 z "s inhuman ?9k] has said1 no?+ m ?an a fla% ( light betwe5 two et]nities ( d>kness1 !n !re is no?+ m execrable ?an exi/5ce4 ,x is possible t someone w discov] t ev]y?+ t ,i am say+ re/s ^u a contradiction1 s9ce sometimes ,i express a long+ = immortality & at o!r times ,i say t ?is life does n possess ! value t is attribut$ to x4 ,contradiction8 ,to be sure6 ,! contradiction ( my he>t t says ,yes & ( my head t says ,no4 ,( c\rse !re is contradiction4 ,:o does n recollect ^? words ( ! ,gospel3 8,"l1 ,i believe1 help ?\ my unbelief08 ,contradiction8 ,( c\rse6 ,= we only live ^u contradictions & by !m2 life is trag$y1 & ! trag$y is p]petual /ruggle1 )\t victory or ! hope ( victory2 life is contradiction4 ,x is a "q1 z y see1 ( an affective value1 & aga9/ affective values reasons d n avail4 ,= reasons are no?+ m ?an reasons1 t is to say1 !y are n ev5 tru?s4 ,!re are def9ition-mong]s--p$ants by nature & by grace--:o produce an effect ^u me l t ( a man :o consoles a fa!r = ! loss ( a son1 dead 9 ! prime ( 8 life1 by say+3 8,pati5ce1 fri5d1 we all mu/ die40 ,w\ld y ?9k x /range if ?is fa!r 7 irritat$ by su* an ineptitude8 ,= x is an ineptitude4 ,h[ (t5 may x n be said-- p>a p5s] cual t1 slo es preciso no t5] nada ms que intelig5cia8#h ,!re are1 9 fact1 p :o appe> to ?9k only ) ! bra9 or ) :atev] o!r organ may be ! specific organ = ?9k+2 :ile o!rs ?9k ) ! :ole body & ) ! :ole s\l1 ) ! blood1 ) ! m>r[ ( ! bones1 ) ! he>t1 ) ! lungs1 ) ! belly1 ) ! life4 ,& ! p :o ?9k only ) ! bra9 become def9ition-mong]s2 !y become ! pr(essionals ( ?\ght4 ,& y "k :at a pr(essional is4444 ,if a philosoph] is n a man1 he is any?+ r ?an a philosoph]2 he is1 above all1 a p$ant1 t is to say1 a c>icature ( a man4 ,! cultivation ( any sci5ce--( *emi/ry1 ( physics1 ( geometry1 ( philology--may be1 ?\gh )9 v n>r[ limits & re/rictions1 a "w ( diff]5tiat$ specialization2 b philosophy1 l poetry1 is ei!r a "w ( integration & h>mony or else x is m]e philosophism1 pseudo-philosophical erudition4 ,all k has an ultimate object4 ,kn[+ = ! sake ( kn[+ is1 say :at y w1 no?+ b a solemn begg+ ( ! "q4 ,we le>n a ?+ ei!r = an imm$iate practical end1 or 9 ord] to complete ! re/ ( our k4 ,ev5 ! ideas t appe> to u mo/ !oretical--t is to say1 ( lea/ imm$iate application to ! non-intellectual necessities ( life--answ] to an intellectual necessity1 :i* is also a real necessity1 to a pr9ciple ( unity & cont9uity ( consci\sness4 ,b j z sci5tific k has its f9ality 9 ! re/ ( our k1 ! philosophy :i* we may be =c$ to *oose has ano!r extr9sic f9ality--x ref]s to our :ole de/9y1 to our attitude t[>ds life & ! univ]se4 ,& ! mo/ tragic problem ( philosophy is t ( reconcil+ intellectual necessities ( ! he>t & ! w4 ,= x is j "h t e philosophy t claims to resolve ! et]nal & tragic contradiction t is ! v basis ( our exi/5ce breaks d[n4 ,b d all m5 confront ?is contradiction8 ,little c be hop$ = f a rul]1 = example1 :o has n be5 preoccupi$ at "s "t or o!r1 ev5 if only 9 "s dim way1 ) ! fir/ beg9n+ & ultimate end ( all ?+s1 &1 above all1 ( m51 ) _! fir/ 8:y0 & _! ultimate 8:]e=e40 ,& ?is supreme preoccupation _c be purely rational1 x mu/ be affective4 ,x is n en\gh to ?9k ab\t our de/9y1 x mu/ be felt4 ,& ! w\ld-be lead] ( m5 :o says & proclaims t he pays no he$ to ! ?+s ( ! _s1 does n des]ve to lead !m4 ,:i* does n mean1 ( c\rse1 t any det]m9ate solution is to be requir$ ( him4 ,solution8 ,is !re1 inde$1 any8 ,= my "p1 ,i w nev] will+ly yield myself1 nor entru/ my confid5ce1 to any popul> lead] :o has n a real conviction t ! lead] ( a p is a lead] ( m5--m5 ( fle% & bone2 m5 :o are born1 suff]1 &1 al?\gh !y may n wi% to die1 die2 m5 :o are ends 9 !mselves1 n m]ely means2 m5 :o h to be !mselves & n o!rs2 m51 9 %ort1 :o seek t :i* we call happ9ess4 ,x is inhuman1 = example1 to sacrifice "o g5]ation ( m5 to ! g5]ation foll[+ :5 !re is no reg>d = ! de/9y ( ^? sacrific$--n m]ely = _! memory1 = _! names1 b = !mselves4 ,all ?is idea t a man lives 9 8 *ildr51 or 9 8 works1 or 9 ! univ]se1 is b vague v]biage :i* satisfies only ^? :o suff] f affective /upidity & :o may1 = ! re/1 be p]sons ( a c]ta9 c]ebral di/9ction4 ,= x is possible to possess a great tal5t or :at we call great tal5t1 & yet to be /upid z f> z ! feel+s are conc]n$1 & ev5 morally imbecile4 ,!re h be5 in/ances4 ,^? :o are m5tally tal5t$ & affectively /upid usually say t x is useless to seek to delve into ! unkn[able or to kick aga9/ ! pricks4 ,x is z if "o %\ld say to a man ^: leg has be5 amputat$ t x is useless to ?9k ab\t x4 ,& we all lack some?+2 only "s ( u feel x & o!rs d n4 ,or !y pret5d n to feel x1 & !n !y are hypocrites4 ,!re is some?+ :i*1 = want ( a bett] "n1 we w call ! tragic s5se ( life1 :i* c>ries ) x a :ole conception ( life itself & ( ! univ]se1 a :ole philosophy1 m or less =mulat$1 m or less consci\s4 ,& ?is s5se may be possess$1 & is possess$1 n only by individual m5 b by :ole peoples4 ,& ?is s5se does n fl[ f ideas b r det]m9es !m1 al?\gh aft]w>ds1 ( c\rse1 ^! ideas react ^u ! s5se & confirm x4 ,sometimes ?is s5se may proce$ f a casual illness--f dyspepsia1 = example--b at o!r times x is con/itutional4 ,& x is useless to speak ( m5 :o are heal?y & m5 :o are unheal?y4 ,ap>t f !re be+ no normal /&>d ( heal?1 nobody has prov$ t man is necess>ily *e]ful by nature4 ,&1 fur!r1 man1 by ! v fact ( be+ man1 ( possess+ consci\sness1 is1 :5 comp>$ ) ! ass or ! crab1 already a diseas$ animal4 ,consci\sness is a disease4 ,among m5 ( fle% & bone !re h be5 typical examples ( ^? :o possess ! tragic s5se ( life4 ,i recall n[ ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,pascal1 ,r\sseau1 ,r51 ,ob]mann1 ,?omson1#i ,leop>di1 ,vigny1 ,l5au1 ,klei/1 ,amiel1 ,qu5tal1 ,ki]kega>d--m5 lad5 ) wisdom r ?an ) k4 ,& !re are1 ,i believe1 also peoples :o possess ?is tragic s5se ( life4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,immortality ,! great ma/] ( rationali/ ph5om5alism1 ,david ,hume1 beg9s 8 essay 8,on ! ,immortality ( ! ,s\l0 ) ^! decisive words3 8,x appe>s difficult by ! m]e light ( reason to prove ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,! argum5ts 9 fav\r ( x are commonly d]iv$ f metaphysical1 moral1 or physical consid]ations4 ,b x is really ! ,gospel1 & only ! ,gospel1 t has br\ght to light life & immortality40 ,:i* is equival5t to d5y+ ! rationality ( ! belief t ! s\l ( ea* "o ( u is immortal4 ,kant1 :o took ,hume z ! />t+-po9t = 8 criticism1 attempt$ to e/abli% ! rationality ( ?is long+ = immortality & ! belief t x imports1 & t is ! real orig91 ! inw>d orig91 ( 8 8,critique ( ,practical ,reason0 & ( 8 categorical imp]ative & ( 8 ,god4 ,b 9 spite ( all ?is1 ! sceptical affirmation ( ,hume rema9s un%ak54 ,!re is no way ( rationally prov+ ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,!re are1 on ! o!r h&1 ways ( rationally prov+ its mortality4 ,x w\ld be n m]ely sup]flu\s b ridicul\s to expla9 "h at l5g? h[ f> ! individual human consci\sness dep5ds ^u ! organization ( ! body1 h[ x comes gradually to bir? accord+ z ! bra9 receives impressions f )\t1 h[ x is temporally int]rupt$ dur+ sleep1 swoons1 & o!r accid5ts1 & h[ ev]y?+ leads u to ! rational conjecture t dea? c>ries ) x loss ( consci\sness4 ,& j z be=e our bir? we 7 n1 nor h we any p]sonal pre-natal memory1 s aft] our dea? we %all no long] be4 ,?is is ! rational position4 ,rationalism--& by rationalism ,i mean ! doctr9e t abides solely by reason1 by objective tru?--is necess>ily mat]iali/4 ,& let n ideali/s be sc&aliz$ !reby4 ,! tru? is--x is necess>y to /ate x cle>ly--t :at we call mat]ialism means = u no?+ else b ! doctr9e :i* d5ies ! immortality ( ! individual s\l1 ! p]si/5ce ( p]sonal consci\sness aft] dea?4 ,9 ano!r s5se x may be said t1 s9ce we "k :at _s is1 & s9ce matt] is = u no m ?an an idea1 mat]ialism is idealism4 ,9 fact1 & z reg>ds our problem--! mo/ vital1 ! only really vital problem--x is all ! same to say t ev]y?+ is matt] z to say t ev]y?+ is idea1 or ev]y?+ en]gy1 or :at y please4 ,e moni/ sy/em w always seem to u mat]iali/4 ,! immortality ( ! s\l is sav$ only by ! duali/ sy/ems--^? :i* tea* t human consci\sness is some?+ sub/antially di/9ct & diff]5t f o!r manife/ations ( ph5om5a4 ,& reason is naturally moni/4 ,= x is ! function ( reason to und]/& & expla9 ! univ]se1 & 9 ord] to und]/& & expla9 x1 x is 9 no way necess>y = ! s\l to be an imp]i%able sub/ance4 ,= ! purpose ( und]/&+ & expla9+ our psy*ic life1 = psy*ology1 ! hypo!sis ( ! s\l is unnecess>y4 ,all ! attempts to sub/antivate consci\sness1 mak+ x indep5d5t ( ext5sion--x w be rememb]$ t ,desc>tes oppos$ ?\ght to ext5sion--are b sophi/ical subtleties int5d$ to e/abli% ! rationality ( fai? 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,x is s\ght to give ! value ( objective reality to t :i* does n possess x1 to t ( :i* ! reality exi/s only 9 ?\ght4 ,& ! immortality t we crave is a ph5om5al reality1 x is a cont9uation ( ?is life4 ,f :atev] side we look at x1 x is always f\nd t reason confronts our long+ = p]sonal immortality & contradicts x4 ,& 9 /rict tru?1 reason is ! enemy ( life4 ,all t is vital is anti-rational1 & all t is rational is anti-vital1 = reason is ess5tially sceptical4 ,rationali/s p]si/ 9 endeav\r+ to conv9ce m5 t !re are motives = liv+ & t !re is a consolation = hav+ be5 born1 ev5 ?\gh !re mu/ come a "t1 at ! end ( "s t5s or hundr$s or millions ( c5turies1 :5 all human consci\sness %all h ceas$ to exi/4 ,& ^! motives = liv+ & work+1 ?is ?+ :i* "s call humanism1 illu/rate ! amaz+ affectional & emotional holl[ness ( rationalism & ( its /up5d\s hypocrisy--a hypocrisy t is resolv$ to sacrifice s9c]ity to v]acity & n to confess t reason is a dissolv5t & disconsolatory p[]4 ,mu/ ,i repeat aga9 :at ,i h already said ab\t all ?is idea ( creat+ culture1 ( progress+1 ( realiz+ good1 tru?1 & beauty1 ( e/abli%+ ju/ice on e>?1 ( ameliorat+ life = ^? :o %all come aft] u1 ( subs]v+ ,i "k n :at de/9y1 divorc$ f all preoccupation ) ! ultimate end ( ea* "o ( u8 ,mu/ ,i aga9 decl>e to y ! supreme vacuity ( culture1 ( art1 ( good1 ( tru?1 ( beauty1 ( ju/ice 444 ( all ^! beautiful conceptions1 if at ! la/ end ( ev]y?+1 9 f\r days or 9 f\r million c5turies--x matt]s n :i*--no human consci\sness %all exi/ to appropriate ?is culture1 ?is sci5ce1 art1 good1 tru?1 beauty1 ju/ice1 & all ! re/8 ,_m & v>i\s h be5 ! rationali/ devices--m or less rational--f ! days ( ! ,epicureans & ! ,/oics1 by means ( :i* x has be5 s\ght to discov] rational consolation 9 tru? & to conv9ce m5--?\gh ! conv9c]s 7 !mselves unconv9c$--t !re are motives = work+ & lures = liv+1 ev5 ?\gh ! human consci\sness be de/9$ ultimately to disappe>4 ,! ,epicurean attitude1 ! extreme & grosse/ expression ( :i* is 8,let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die10 or ! ,horatian c>pe diem1 :i* may be r5d]$ by 8,live = ! day10 is n radically diff]5t f ! ,/oic attitude ) its 8,d :at y\r consci5ce tells y1 & aft]w>d let x be z x may be40 ,bo? attitudes h a common base1 & pleasure = pleasure's sake comes to ! same ?+ z duty = duty's sake4 ,x is true t !re are p :o ass]t t reason suffices !m1 & !y c\nsel u n to seek to p5etrate into ! imp5etrable4 ,b ( ^? :o say t !y h no ne$ ( any fai? 9 et]nal p]sonal life 9 ord] to f9d inc5tives to liv+ & motives = action1 ,i "k n well h[ to ?9k4 ,a man bl9d f bir? may also assure u t he feels no great desire to enjoy ! _w ( sight nor suff]s any great angui% f n hav+ enjoy$ x1 & we mu/ ne$s believe him1 = nihil volitum qu9 prcognitum1 no?+ c be will$ t is n previ\sly kn[n4 ,b ,i _c be p]suad$ t he :o has once 9 8 life1 ei!r 9 8 y\? or at "s o!r po9t ( "t1 *]i%$ ! belief 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 w ev] f9d peace )\t x4 ,& ?is k9d ( bl9dness f bir? is sc>cely possible among m51 except by a /range ab]ration4 ,& ! m]ely & exclusively rational man is an ab]ration & no?+ b an ab]ration4 ,i d n "k :y s _m p 7 sc&aliz$1 or pret5d$ to be sc&aliz$1 :5 ,brunetire proclaim$ once aga9 ! bankruptcy ( sci5ce4 ,= sci5ce1 9 s f> z x is a sub/itute = religion1 & reason1 9 s f> z x is a sub/itute = fai?1 h always f\nd]$4 ,sci5ce w be able to satisfy 9 an increas+ measure1 & 9 fact does satisfy1 our increas+ logical & intellectual ne$s1 our desire to "k & und]/& ! tru?2 b sci5ce does n satisfy ! ne$s ( our he>t & our w1 our hung] = immortality--f> f satisfy+ x1 x contradicts x4 ,rational life & tru? /& 9 opposition to "o ano!r4 ,& c x be t !re is any o!r tru? ?an rational tru?8 ,x mu/ rema9 e/abli%$1 !re=e1 t reason1 human reason1 )9 its limits n only does n prove rationally t ! s\l is immortal & t ! human consci\sness is ?r\gh all ! ages inde/ructible1 b t x proves r--)9 its limits1 ,i repeat--t ! individual consci\sness _c p]si/ aft] ! dea? ( ! physical organism ^u :i* x dep5ds4 ,& ^! limits1 )9 :i* ,i say t human reason proves ?is1 are ! limits ( rationality1 ( :at we "k by demon/ration4 ,beyond ^! limits is ! irrational1 :i* is all ! same :e!r x be call$ ! sup]-rational or ! infra-rational or ! contra-rational4 ,beyond ^! limits is ! absurd ( ,t]tullian1 ! impossible ( ! c]tum e/1 quia impossible e/4 ,& ?is absurd c only base itself ^u ! mo/ absolute inc]titude4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! vital long+ = human immortality1 !re=e1 f9ds no rational confirmation1 nor does reason give u any inc5tive or consolation = liv+ or give to life itself any real f9ality4 ,b "h1 9 ! dep?s ( ! abyss1 ! despair ( ! he>t & ! w & ! scepticism ( reason meet face to face & embrace frat]nally4 ,& x w be f ?is embrace1 a tragic1 t is to say a pr(\ndly lov+1 embrace1 t ! f\nta9 ( life w fl[1 a life e>ne/ & t]rible4 ,scepticism1 unc]ta9ty--! ultimate position at :i* reason arrives by practis+ its analysis ^u itself1 ^u its own validity--is ! f\ndation ^u :i* ! despair ( ! vital s5se mu/ build its hope4 ,disillusion$1 we h _h to ab&on ! position ( ^? :o seek to conv]t rational & logical tru? into consolation1 pret5d+ to prove ! rationality1 or at any rate ! non-irrationality1 ( consolation2 & we h _h to ab&on likewise ! position ( ^? :o seek to conv]t consolation & motives = liv+ into rational tru?4 ,nei!r ( ^! positions satisfies u4 ,! "o is at v>iance ) our reason1 ! o!r ) our feel+4 ,peace betwe5 ^! two p[]s is impossible & we mu/ live by _! w>4 ,we mu/ make ( ?is w>1 ( w> itself1 ! condition ( our spiritual life4 ,fai? 9 immortality is irrational4 ,& nev]!less1 fai?1 life & reason h mutual ne$ ( "o ano!r4 ,?is vital long+ is n prop]ly a problem1 _c be =mulat$ 9 propositions capable ( rational discussion2 b x ann\nces itself 9 u z hung] ann\nces itself4 ,nei!r c ! wolf t ?r[s itself ^u its prey to dev\r x or ^u ! %e-wolf to fecundate h]1 enunciate its impulse rationally & z a logical problem4 ,reason & fai? are two enemies nei!r ( :i* c ma9ta9 itself )\t ! o!r4 ,! irrational dem&s to be rationaliz$ & reason alone c op]ate on ! irrational4 ,!y are compell$ to seek mutual support & association4 ,b association 9 conflict1 = conflict is a mode ( association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is no possible p]man5t position ( agreem5t & h>mony betwe5 reason & life1 betwe5 philosophy & religion4 ,& ! tragic hi/ory ( human ?\ght is simply ! hi/ory ( a /ruggle betwe5 reason & life--reason b5t on rationaliz+ life & mak+ x resign itself to ! inevitable1 to mortality2 life b5t on vitaliz+ reason & =c+ x to s]ve z a support = its vital desires4 ,& ?is is ! hi/ory ( philosophy1 insep>able f ! hi/ory ( religion4 ,our s5se ( ! _w1 ( objective reality1 is necess>ily subjective1 human1 an?ropomorphic4 ,& vitalism w always rise up aga9/ rationalism1 ! w w always /& up aga9/ reason4 ,h5ce ! rhy?m ( ! hi/ory ( philosophy & ! alt]nation ( p]iods 9 :i* life imposes itself1 giv+ bir? to spiritual =ms1 ) p]iods 9 :i* reason imposes itself1 giv+ bir? to mat]iali/ic =ms1 al?\gh bo? ( ^! classes ( =ms ( belief may disguise !mselves "u o!r names4 ,nei!r reason nor life ev] ackn[l$ges itself vanqui%$4 ,no d\bt x w be said t life ought to submit to reason & to ?is we %all reply t no?+ ought to be done t _c be done1 & life _c submit to reason4 8,ought1 !re=e c10 "s ,kantian w retort4 ,to :i* we %all demur3 8,_c1 !re=e ought n40 ,& life _c submit to reason1 because ! end ( life is liv+ & n und]/&+4 ,!re is always someone :o w tell u ( ! religi\s duty ( resign+ ourselves to mortality4 ,?is is inde$ ! v summit ( ab]ration & ins9c]ity4 ,& ov] aga9/ s9c]ity w be set ! oppos+ ideal ( v]acity4 ,be x s1 & yet x is q possible to reconcile ! two4 ,v]acity1 respect = :at ,i believe to be rational1 = :at we call tru? 9 ! logical s5se1 moves me to affirm t ! immortality ( ! individual s\l is a logical contradiction1 is some?+ n only irrational b contra-rational2 b s9c]ity leads me to affirm also t ,i d n resign myself to ?is =m] affirmation & t ,i prote/ aga9/ its validity4 ,:at ,i feel is a tru?1 z mu* a tru? at any rate z :at ,i see1 t\*1 he>1 & :at is demon/rat$ to me--,i believe t x is ev5 m ( a tru?--& s9c]ity obliges me n to hide my feel+s4 ,& 9 self-def5ce life se>*es = ! weak po9t 9 reason & f9ds x 9 scepticism1 :i* x seizes hold (1 endeav\r+ to save itself by ma9ta9+ its hold4 ,x ne$s ! weakness ( its adv]s>y4 ,9 an outbur/ ( passion1 ,lam5nais exclaims3 8,b :at6 ,all hope lo/1 %all we plunge bl9dly into ! mute dep?s ( a univ]sal scepticism8 ,%all we d\bt t we ?9k1 t we feel1 t we are8 ,nature does n all[ x2 %e =ces u to believe ev5 :5 our reason is n conv9c$4 ,absolute c]ta9ty & absolute d\bt are bo? alike =bidd5 to u4 ,we hov] 9 a vague mean betwe5 ^! two extremes1 z betwe5 be+ & no?+ness2 = complete scepticism w\ld be ! ext9ction ( ! intellig5ce & ! total dea? ( man4 ,b x is n giv5 to man to annihilate himself2 !re is 9 him some?+ :i* inv9cibly resi/s de/ruction1 ,i "k n :at vital fai?1 :i* ! w itself _c ma/]4 ,:e!r he l x or n1 he mu/ believe1 because he mu/ act1 because he mu/ pres]ve himself4 ,8 reason1 if he li/5$ only to t1 tea*+ him to d\bt ev]y?+1 itself includ$1 w\ld r$uce him to a /ate ( absolute inaction2 he w\ld p]i% be=e ev5 he _h be5 able to prove to himself t he exi/$40#aj ,x is n /rictly true t reason leads u to absolute scepticism4 ,no1 reason does n lead me & _c lead me to d\bt t ,i exi/4 ,:i!r reason does lead me is to vital scepticism1 or m prop]ly to vital negation--n m]ely to d\bt b to d5y t my consci\sness survives my dea?4 ,vital scepticism comes f ! cla% betwe5 reason & desire4 ,& f ?is cla%1 f ?is embrace betwe5 despair & scepticism is born holy1 sweet1 sav+ inc]titude1 our supreme consolation4 ,! absolute & complete c]ta9ty1 on ! "o h&1 t dea? is a complete1 def9ite1 irrevocable annihilation ( p]sonal consci\sness1 a c]ta9ty ( ! same ord] z ! c]ta9ty t ! ?ree angles ( a triangle are equal to two "r angles1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 ! absolute & complete c]ta9ty t our p]sonal consci\sness is prolong$ beyond dea? 9 ^! or ^? conditions1 includ+ )al ! extrane\s & adv5titi\s addition ( et]nal rew>ds & puni%m5ts--bo? ( ^! c]ta9ties w\ld equally make life impossible = u4 ,9 ! mo/ secret *amb] ( ! _s ( him :o believes himself conv9c$ t dea? puts an end to 8 p]sonal consci\sness1 8 memory1 = ev]1 !re lurks a %ad[1 all unkn[n to him p]haps1 a vague %ad[1 a %ad[ ( a %ad[ ( unc]ta9ty1 & :ile he says )9 himself3 8,well1 let u live ?is pass+ life1 = !re is no o!r60 ! sil5ce ( ?is secret *amb] speaks to him & murmurs3 8,:o kn[s64440 ,he may n ?9k he he>s x1 b he he>s x4 ,& likewise 9 "s secret place ( ! s\l ( ! believ] :o mo/ firmly holds ! fai? 9 future life1 !re is a muffl$ voice1 a voice ( unc]ta9ty1 :i* :isp]s 9 ! e> ( 8 _s3 8,:o kn[s64440 ,^! voices are l ! humm+ ( a mosquito :5 ! gale ro>s ?r\gh ! trees 9 ! wood2 we _c di/+ui% ?is fa9t humm+1 nev]!less1 m]g$ 9 ! clam\r ( ! /orm1 x rea*es ! e>4 ,o!rwise1 )\t ?is unc]ta9ty1 h[ c\ld we live8 8,is !re80 8,is !re n80--^! are ! bases ( our inn] life4 ,!re may be a rationali/ :o has nev] wav]$ 9 8 conviction ( ! mortality ( ! s\l1 & !re may be a vitali/ :o has nev] wav]$ 9 8 fai? 9 immortality2 b at ! mo/ ?is w\ld only prove t j z !re are mon/]s1 s !re are p :o are affectively & feel+ly /upid1 h[ev] mu* intellig5ce !y may h1 & p :o are intellectually /upid1 h[ev] great _! virtue may be4 ,b 9 normal cases ,i _c believe ^? :o assure me t nev]1 n ev5 = a mom5t1 n 9 ! h\rs ( greate/ lonel9ess & tribulation1 has ?is murmur ( unc]ta9ty brea!d ^u _! consci\sness4 ,i d n und]/& ! m5 :o tell me t ! prospect ( ! yond] side ( dea? has nev] torm5t$ !m1 t ! ?\ght ( _! own annihilation nev] disquiets !m4 ,= my "p ,i d n wi% to make peace betwe5 my he>t & my head1 betwe5 my fai? & my reason--,i wi% r t !re %\ld be w> betwe5 !m4 99 99 99 99 99 8,"l1 ,i believe2 help ?\ my unbelief60 ,?is may appe> to be a contradiction1 = if ! man believes1 if he tru/s1 h[ is x t he besee*es ! ,"l to help 8 lack ( tru/8 ,nev]!less x is ?is contradiction t gives all its deepe/ human value to ?is cry torn f ! he>t ( ! fa!r ( a demoniac4 ,8 fai? is a fai? t is bas$ ^u inc]titude4 ,because he believes1 t is to say1 because he wi%es to believe1 because he has ne$ t 8 son %\ld be cur$--he besee*es ! ,"l to help 8 unbelief1 8 d\bt t su* a cure c\ld be effect$4 ,( su* a k9d is human fai?4 ,( su* a k9d 0 ! h]oic fai? t ,san*o ,panza _h 9 8 ma/]1 ! knight ,don ,quixote de la ,man*a1 z ,i ?9k ,i h %[n 9 my 8,life ( ,don ,quixote & ,san*o0--a fai? bas$ ^u inc]titude1 ^u d\bt4 ,san*o ,panza 0 inde$ a man1 a :ole & a real man1 & he 0 n /upid1 = only if he _h be5 /upid w\ld he h believ$ )\t a %ad[ ( d\bt 9 ! follies ( 8 ma/]4 ,nei!r did 8 ma/] believe 9 !m )\t a %ad[ ( d\bt1 = nei!r 0 ,don ,quixote1 ?\gh mad1 /upid4 ,he 0 fundam5tally a man ( despair1 z ,i ?9k ,i h %[n 9 my book4 ,& because he 0 a man ( an h]oic despair1 ! h]o ( t inw>d & resign$ despair1 he is ! et]nal exempl> ( e man ^: s\l is ! battle-gr\nd ( reason & immortal desire4 ,our ,"l ,don ,quixote is ! prototype ( ! vitali/ ^: fai? is bas$ ^u inc]titude1 & ,san*o is ! prototype ( ! rationali/ :o d\bts 8 own reason4 ,,creative ,,fai? ,:5 z a boy ,i began to be disquiet$ by ! et]nal problems1 ,i read 9 a book1 ! au?or ( :i* ,i h no wi% to recall1 ?is s5t5ce3 8,god is ! great x plac$ ov] ! b>ri] ( human k--z sci5ce advances1 ! b>ri] rec$es40 ,& ,i wrote 9 ! m>g93 8,on ?is side ( ! b>ri]1 ev]y?+ is expla9$ )\t ,him2 on ! fur!r side1 no?+ is expla9$1 ei!r ) ,him or )\t ,him4 ,god1 !re=e1 is sup]flu\s40 ,& s z f> z conc]ns ! ,god-,idea1 ! ,god ^: exi/5ce is suppos$ to be logically prov$1 ,i cont9ue to be ( ! same op9ion4 ,laplace is said to h /at$ t he _h n f\nd ! hypo!sis ( ,god necess>y 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 sy/em ( ! orig9 ( ! ,univ]se1 & x v c]ta9ly is s4 ,! idea ( ,god does n 9 any way help u to und]/& any bett] ! exi/5ce1 ! ess5ce & ! f9ality ( ! ,univ]se4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! liv+ ,god1 ! human ,god1 is rea*$ n by ! way ( reason b by ! way ( love & ( suff]+4 ,reason r sep>ates u f ,him4 ,x is n possible to "k ,him 9 ord] t aft]w>ds we may love ,him2 we mu/ beg9 by lov+ ,him1 long+ = ,him1 hung]+ = ,him1 be=e kn[+ ,him4 ,! k ( ,god proce$s f ! love ( ,god1 & x is a k t has little or no?+ ( ! rational 9 x4 ,= ,god is indef9able4 ,to seek to def9e ,him is to claim to limit ,him 9 our m9d--t is to say1 to kill ,him4 ,9 s f> z we attempt to def9e ,him1 we are confront$ by ,no?+ness4 ,! idea ( ,god :i* ! w\ld-be rational !odicy pres5ts u ) is m]ely an hypo!sis1 l ! hypo!sis ( ! e!r1 = example4 ,! e!r is1 9 effect1 m]ely a hypo!tical entity1 :i* is ( value only 9 s f> z x expla9s t :i* by means ( x we seek to expla9--light1 or electricity1 or univ]sal gravitation--& only s f> z ^! facts _c be expla9$ 9 any o!r way4 ,simil>ly ! idea ( ,god is also an hypo!sis :i* is ( value only 9 s f> z we expla9 by means ( x t :i* we seek to expla9--! ess5ce & exi/5ce ( ! ,univ]se--& only s long z ^! _c be expla9$ bett] 9 "s o!r way4 ,& s9ce 9 reality we expla9 ! ,univ]se nei!r bett] nor worse ) ?is idea ?an )\t x1 ! idea ( ,god1 ! supreme petitio pr9cipii1 fails ( its purpose4 ,b if ! e!r is no?+ b an hypo!sis int5d$ to expla9 light1 air on ! o!r h& is a ?+ t is directly felt2 & ev5 ?\gh x did n enable u to expla9 s\nd1 we %\ld h a direct s5sation ( x1 &1 above all1 ( ! lack ( x 9 mom5ts ( suffocation or air-hung]4 ,& 9 ! same way1 ,god ,himself1 n ! idea ( ,god1 may become a directly felt reality2 & al?\gh ! idea ( ,him may n enable u to expla9 ei!r ! exi/5ce or ! ess5ce ( ! ,univ]se1 we h at times ! direct feel+ ( ,god1 above all 9 mom5ts ( spiritual suffocation4 ,& ?is feel+--m>k x well1 = h]e9 lies its tragicness & ! :ole tragic s5se ( life--is a feel+ ( hung] = ,god1 ( lack ( ,god4 ,to believe 9 ,god is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to wi% t !re may be a ,god1 n to be able to live )\t ,him4 ,s long z ,i pilgrimag$ ?r\gh ! fields ( reason 9 se>* ( ,god1 ,i c\ld n f9d ,him1 = ,i 0 n tak5 9 by ! idea ( ,god1 nei!r c\ld ,i take an idea = ,god2 & x 0 !n1 z ,i w&]$ among ! wa/es ( rationalism1 t ,i told myself t we ought to seek no o!r consolation ?an ! tru?1 mean+ !reby reason1 & yet = all t ,i 0 n com=t$4 ,b z ,i sank deep] & deep] into rational scepticism on ! "o h& & into he>t's despair on ! o!r1 ! hung] = ,god awoke )9 me1 & ! suffocation ( _s made me feel ! want ( ,god1 & ) ! want ( ,him1 ,8 reality4 ,& ,i wi%$ t !re might be a ,god1 t ,god might exi/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! problem ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 a problem t is rationally insoluble1 is 9 its ess5ce none o!r ?an ! problem ( consci\sness1 ! v problem ( ! sub/antial exi/5ce ( ! s\l1 ! v problem ( ! p]petuity ( ! human s\l1 ! v problem ( ! human f9ality ( ! ,univ]se4 ,to believe 9 a liv+ & p]sonal ,god1 9 an et]nal & univ]sal consci\sness t kn[s u & loves u1 is to believe t ! ,univ]se exi/s = man4 ,= man1 or = a consci\sness ( ! same ord] z ! human consci\sness1 ( ! same nature1 al?\gh sublimat$1 a consci\sness t is cognizant ( u1 9 ^: dep?s our memory lives = ev]4 ,p]haps by a supreme & desp]ate ef=t ( resignation we might succe$ 9 mak+ ! sacrifice ( our p]sonality if we knew t 9 dy+ x w\ld g to enri* a ,supreme ,p]sonality1 a ,supreme ,consci\sness1 if we knew t ! ,univ]sal ,s\l 0 n\ri%$ by our s\ls & _h ne$ ( !m4 ,p]haps we might meet dea? ) a desp]ate resignation or ) a resign$ desp]ation1 deliv]+ up our s\l to ! s\l ( humanity1 bequea?+ to x our "w1 ! "w t be>s ! /amp ( our p]sonality1 if ?is humanity 7 9 its turn to bequea? its s\l to ano!r s\l aft] ! ultimate ext9ction ( consci\sness ^u ?is e>? ) its burd5 ( long+s4 ,b if x be o!rwise8 ,& if ! s\l ( humanity is et]nal1 if ! human collective consci\sness is et]nal1 if !re is a ,consci\sness ( ! ,univ]se & if ?is ,consci\sness is et]nal1 :y %\ld n our own individual consci\sness1 y\rs1 read]1 & m9e1 n be et]nal8 ,9 ! :ole ( ! va/ univ]se mu/ !re ne$s be su* a ?+ z a consci\sness t kn[s itself1 loves itself & feels itself1 an exception unit$ to a organism t c only live betwe5 su* & su* degrees ( heat1 a transitory ph5om5on8 ,no1 x is n m]e curiosity to wi% to "k :e!r or n ! />s are inhabit$ by liv+ organisms1 by consci\sness ak9 to our own1 & !re is an elem5t ( pr(\nd long+ 9 ! dream ( ! transmigration ( our s\ls ?r\gh ! />s t p ! va/ remot5esses ( ! heav5s4 ,! feel+ ( ! div9e makes u wi% & believe t ev]y?+ is animat$1 t consci\sness1 9 a great] or less] degree1 ext5ds ?r\gh all ?+s4 ,we wi% n only to save ourselves b to save ! _w f no?+ness4 ,& !re=e ,god4 ,su* is ,8 felt f9ality4 ,:at w\ld a univ]se be )\t any consci\sness to reflect x & to "k x8 ,:at w\ld ! objectifi$ reason be1 )\t w & )\t feel+8 ,= u x w\ld be ! same z no?+--a ?\s& times m dreadful ?an no?+4 ,if su* a suppos$ univ]se is reality1 !n our life lacks value & mean+4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 rational necessity b vital angui% t leads u to believe 9 ,god4 ,& to believe 9 ,god--,i mu/ repeat x aga9--is1 be=e all & above all1 to feel hung] = ,god1 hung] = div9ity1 to feel ! lack & abs5ce ( ,god1 to wi% t ,god may exi/4 ,& x is to wi% to save ! human f9ality ( ! ,univ]se4 ,= we might ev5 succe$ 9 resign+ ourselves to be+ absorb$ by ,god if our consci\sness re/s ^u a ,consci\sness1 if consci\sness is ! end ( ! ,univ]se4 8,! wick$ man has said 9 8 he>t3 ,!re is no ,god40 ,& !re is tru? 9 ?is4 ,= x is possible = a righte\s man to say 9 8 head3 ,god does n exi/4 ,b only ! wick$ c say x 9 8 he>t4 ,n to believe t !re is a ,god or to believe t !re is n a ,god1 is "o ?+2 to resign oneself to !re n be+ a ,god is ano!r ?+1 ?\gh an inhuman & horrible ?+2 b n to wi% t !re is a ,god exce$s e o!r moral ab]ration4 ,al?\gh 9 fact ^? :o d5y ,god d s because ( _! despair at n f9d+ ,him4 ,& n[ once aga9 !re comes ! rational "q1 ! "q ( ! ,sph9x--! ,sph9x1 9 effect1 is reason--does ,god exi/8 ,?is et]nal & et]naliz+ ,p]son :o gives mean+--,i d n add 8human10 = !re is no o!r mean+--to ! univ]se1 is ,he a sub/antial some?+ ext]nal to our consci\sness1 ext]nal to our desire8 ,"h y h some?+ t is insoluble1 & x is bett] t x %\ld be insoluble4 ,let x suffice = reason t ! impossibility ( ,8 exi/5ce _c be prov$4 ,to believe 9 ,god is to long = ,8 exi/5ce1 &1 fur!rmore1 x is to act z if ,he exi/$4 ,x is to live by ?is long+ & to make x ! inn] spr+ ( our action4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to believe is to place confid5ce 9 someone1 & x has ref]5ce to a p]son4 ,i say t ,i "k t !re is an animal call$ ! horse1 & t x has su* & su* *>act]i/ics1 because ,i h se5 x2 & ,i say t ,i believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! giraffe or ! orni?orhyncus1 & t x has su* & su* qualities1 because ,i believe ^? :o assure me t !y h se5 x4 ,& h5ce ! elem5t ( unc]ta9ty t atta*es to fai?1 = a p]son may be deceiv$ or he may deceive u4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ?is p]sonal elem5t 9 belief gives x an affective "*1 x connects x ) love1 & above all1 9 religi\s fai?1 x c>ries ) x a ref]5ce to :at is hop$ =4 ,p]haps !re is nobody :o w\ld sacrifice 8 life = ! sake ( ma9ta9+ t ! ?ree angles ( a triangle are toge!r equal to two "r angles1 = su* a tru? does n require ! sacrifice ( our life2 b on ! o!r h& !re are _m :o h lo/ _! lives = ! sake ( ma9ta9+ _! religi\s fai?1 & x is m>tyrs t make fai? r ?an fai? t makes m>tyrs4 ,= fai? is n ! m]e adh]5ce ( ! intellect to an ab/ract pr9ciple2 x is n ! recognition ( a !oretical tru? 9 :i* ! w does no?+ save move u to und]/&2 fai? is a matt] ( ! w1 x is a movem5t ( ! m9d t[>ds a practical tru?1 t[>ds a p]son1 t[>ds some?+ t makes u live & n m]ely und]/& life4 ,b al?\gh we said t fai? is a matt] ( ! w1 x w\ld p]haps be bett] to say t x is ! w itself1 ! w n to die1 or r "s o!r psy*ic =ce di/9ct f intellig5ce1 w & feel+4 ,we %\ld !n h feel+1 kn[+1 will+1 & believ+ or creat+4 ,= nei!r feel+ nor intellig5ce nor w creates2 !y op]ate ^u a mat]ial already giv51 ^u a mat]ial giv5 by fai?4 ,fai? is ! creat+ p[] ( man4 ,b s9ce x has a m intimate relation ) ! w ?an ) any o!r ( 8 faculties1 we pres5t x "u ! =m ( volition4 ,fai? is1 !n1 if n creative p[]1 ! fruit ( ! w1 & its function is to create4 ,fai?1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 creates its object4 ,& fai? 9 ,god consi/s 9 creat+ ,god1 & s9ce x is ,god t gives u fai? 9 ,him1 x is ,god :o is cont9ually creat+ ,himself 9 u4 ,h5ce ,/4 ,augu/9e said3 8,i w seek ,!e1 ,"l1 by call+ ^u ,!e1 & ,i w call ^u ,!e by believ+ 9 ,!e4 ,my fai? calls ^u ,!e1 ,"l1 ! fai? :i* ,?\ ha/ giv5 me1 ) :i* ,?\ ha/ inspir$ me ?r\gh ! ,humanity ( ,?y ,son1 ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( ! ,prea*]0 78,confessions10 ,book ,i1 *ap4 ,i74 ,! p[] ( creat+ ,god 9 our own image & lik5ess1 ( p]sonaliz+ ! ,univ]se1 simply means t we c>ry ,god )9 u1 z ! sub/ance ( :at we hope =1 & t ,god is cont9ually creat+ u 9 ,8 image & lik5ess4 ,b aft] all ?is ,i %all be told t to %[ t fai? creates its own object is to %[ t ?is object is an object = fai? alone1 t x has no objective reality ext]nal to fai? itself--j z1 on ! o!r h&1 to ma9ta9 t fai? is necess>y 9 ord] to re/ra9 or to console p is to decl>e t ! object ( fai? is illusory4 ,:at is c]ta9 is t = ?9k+ believ]s to-day1 fai? is1 be=e all & above all1 wi%+ t ,god may exi/4 ,wi%+ t ,god may exi/1 & act+ & feel+ z if ,he did exi/4 ,& x is 9 ?is way1 wi%+ = ,god's exi/5ce & act+ con=mably ) ?is desire1 t we create ,god 9 ourselves1 t is1 t ,god creates ,himself 9 u1 manife/s ,himself to u1 op5s & reveals ,himself to u4 ,= ,god goes out to meet him :o seeks ,him ) love & by love & )draws ,himself f him :o seeks ,him ) ! cold & loveless reason4 ,god wills t ! he>t %\ld h re/ b n ! head1 :ile 9 ! physical life ! head sometimes re/s & sleeps & ! he>t wakes & works unre/+ly4 ,& ?us k )\t love removes u f ,god2 & love1 ev5 )\t k1 & p]haps bett] )\t x1 leads u to ,god1 & ?r\gh ,god to wisdom4 ,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fai? is our long+ = ! et]nal1 = ,god2 & hope is ,god's long+1 ! long+ ( ! et]nal1 ( ! div9e 9 u1 :i* advances to meet our fai? & raises u up4 ,man aspires to ,god by fai? & cries to ,him3 8,i believe--give me1 ,"l1 :]e9 to believe40 ,& ,god1 ! div9ity 9 man1 s5ds him hope 9 ano!r life 9 ord] t he may believe 9 x4 ,hope is ! rew>d ( fai?4 ,only he :o believes truly hopes1 & only he :o truly hopes believes4 ,we believe only :at we hope1 & we hope only :at we believe4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,et]nal ,,wat]s ,! n>r[ road1 hewn out ( ! nak$ rock1 goes w9d+ along above ! abyss4 ,on "o side rise high tors & crags1 on ! o!r side is he>d ! ceaseless murmur ( wat]s 9 ! d>k dep?s ( ! rav9e1 deep] ?an eye c rea*4 ,at int]vals ! track wid5s s z to =m a k9d ( refuge1 j l>ge en\gh to hold ab\t a doz5 p1 a re/+-place1 scre5$ by leafy bran*es1 = ^? :o travel along ! road above ! rav9e4 ,9 ! di/ance1 cr[n+ ! summit ( a jutt+ crag1 a ca/le /&s out aga9/ ! sky4 ,! cl\ds pass+ ov] x are torn by ! p9nacles ( its tall t[]s4 ,) ! pilgrims goes ,maquetas4 ,he walks hurri$ly1 sweat+1 see+ no?+ b ! road 9 front ( 8 eyes1 except :5 f "t to "t he raises !m t[>ds ! ca/le4 ,z he walks he s+s an old wail+ song t 8 gr&mo!r taught him :5 he 0 a *ild1 & he s+s x s t he %all n he> ! om9\s murmur ( ! torr5t fl[+ unse5 9 ! dep?s ( ! abyss4 ,z he approa*es "o ( ! re/+-places1 a maid5 :o is sitt+ inside on a bank ( turf calls to him3 8,maquetas1 come "h & /op a:ile4 ,come & re/ by my side1 ) y\r back to ! abyss1 & let u talk a little4 ,no?+ he>t5s u = ?is j\rney l a few words spok5 9 love & companion%ip4 ,/ay a:ile "h ) me4 ,aft]w>ds y w g on y\r way aga9 refre%$ & r5ew$40 8,i _c1 my girl10 ,maquetas repli$1 sl[+ 8 pace b )\t halt+1 8,i _c4 ,! ca/le is /ill a great way (f & ,i mu/ rea* x be=e ! sun sets beh9d its t[]s40 8,y w lose no?+ by /ay+ "h a:ile1 "y man1 = aft]w>ds y w take ! road aga9 ) m mettle & ) new /r5g?4 ,are y n tir$80 8,t ,i am1 lass40 8,!n /ay a:ile & re/4 ,"h y h ?is turf = y\r c\* & my lap = y\r pill[4 ,come1 /ay60 ,& %e op5$ h] arms1 (f]+ him h] bosom4 ,maquetas paus$ = a mom5t1 & z he did s !re came to 8 e>s ! voice ( ! invisible torr5t fl[+ 9 ! dep?s ( ! abyss4 ,he quitt$ ! road1 /ret*$ himself on ! turf & laid 8 head on ! girl's lap4 ,) h] fre% rosy h&s %e wip$ ! sweat f 8 br[1 :ile 8 eyes gaz$ up at ! morn+ sky ov]head1 a sky t 0 z "y z ! eyes ( ! girl4 8,:at is x y are s++1 lass80 8',tis n ,i s++--x is ! wat] t fl[s d[n !re1 beh9d u40 8,& :at is x t x s+s80 8,x s+s ! song ( et]nal re/4 ,b n[ re/ y\rself40 8,et]nal1 did y say80 8,yes1 t is :at ! torr5t s+s4 ,b n[ re/40 8,& aft]w>ds44440 8,re/1 ,maquetas1 & don't say #8aft]w>ds4'0 ,! girl put h] lips to 8 lips & kiss$ him4 ,maquetas felt ! kiss melt & fl[ ?r\gh all 8 body1 & s sweet x 0 t x seem$ z if all ! sky p\r$ itself d[n ov] him4 ,8 s5ses swoon$4 ,he dream$ t he 0 fall+ endlessly d[n into ! bottomless abyss4444 ,:5 he awoke & op5$ 8 eyes he saw above him ! sky ( ev5+4 8,o lass1 h[ late x is6 ,n[ ,i %all n h "t to rea* ! ca/le4 ,let me g1 let me g40 8,g !n1 & ,god guide & companion y4 ,& don't =get me1 ,maquetas40 8,give me "o kiss m40 8,take x1 & may x /r5g!n y40 ,) ! kiss ,maquetas felt t 8 /r5g? 0 increas$ a hundr$fold & he began to run along ! road1 ! lilt ( 8 song keep+ "t ) 8 /rides4 ,& he ran & ran1 leav+ ! o!r pilgrims beh9d him4 ,"o ( !m %\t$ to him z he pass$3 8,y'll /op1 ,maquetas40 ,!n he saw t ! sun 0 beg9n+ to set beh9d ! t[]s ( ! ca/le & ,maquetas felt a *ill /rike 8 he>t4 ,! fires ( ! sunset la/$ b = a mom5t4 ,he he>d ! grat+ ( ! *a9s ( ! drawbridge4 ,& ,maquetas said to himself3 8,!y are %utt+ ! ca/le-gate40 ,night began to fall1 an imp5etrable night4 ,v soon ,maquetas _h to halt1 = he c\ld see no?+1 absolutely no?+4 ,blackness envelop$ ev]y?+4 ,maquetas /ood /ill1 sil5t1 & 9 ! imp5etrability ( ! d>kness he he>d only ! murmur ( ! wat]s ( ! torr5t 9 ! abyss4 ,! cold grew d5s]4 ,maquetas /oop$ d[n1 felt ! road ) 8 numb h&s1 & began to creep along on all f\rs1 w>ily1 l a fox4 ,he kept edg+ away f ! abyss4 ,he w5t =w>d l ?is = a long1 long "t4 ,& he said to himself3 8,ah1 t lass deceiv$ me6 ,:y did ,i he$ h]80 ,! cold became horrible4 ,x p5etrat$ ev]y:]e1 l a ?\s&-edg$ sword4 ,maquetas no long] felt ! t\* ( ! gr\nd1 he no long] felt 8 own h&s2 he 0 b5umb$4 ,he /opp$ /ill4 ,or r he sc>cely knew :e!r he 0 /opp+ or crawl+4 ,maquetas felt himself susp5d$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! d>kness1 black night all ar\nd him4 ,he he>d no?+ b ! ceaseless murmur ( ! wat]s ( ! abyss4 8,i w call out10 ,maquetas said to himself1 & he made an ef=t to %\t4 ,b no s\nd 0 he>d2 8 voice did n come =? out ( 8 *e/4 ,x 0 z if x 7 froz5 )9 him4 ,!n ,maquetas ?\ght3 8,c ,i be dead80 ,& z ?is ?\ght took hold ( him1 x seem$ z if ! d>kness & ! cold fus$ toge!r & et]naliz$ !mselves r\nd ab\t him4 8,c ?is be dea?80 ,maquetas w5t on ?9k+4 8,%all ,i h to live h5ce=w>d l ?is1 9 pure ?\ght1 9 memory8 ,& ! ca/le8 ,& ! abyss8 ,:at d ! wat]s say8 ,:at a dream1 :at an appall+ dream6 ,& n to be able to sleep6444 ,to die l ?is1 dream+1 dy+ little by little1 & n to be able to sleep6444 ,& n[ :at am ,i go+ to d8 ,:at %all ,i d to-morr[8 8,to-morr[8 ,:at is to-morr[8 ,:at does to-morr[ mean8 ,:at is ?is idea ( to-morr[ t seems to come to me out ( ! dep? ( ! d>kness1 :]e ! wat]s are s++8 ,to-morr[8 ,= me !re is n[ no to-morr[4 ,ev]y?+ is n[1 ev]y?+ is blackness & cold4 ,ev5 ?is song ( ! et]nal wat]s seems l a song ( ice--j "o prolong$ note4 8,b c ,i really h di$8 ,h[ long ! dawn is 9 com+6 ,b ,i don't ev5 "k h[ long x is s9ce ! sun set beh9d ! t[]s ( ! ca/le4444 8,once ^u a "t10 he w5t on ?9k+1 8!re 0 a man :o 0 call$ ,maquetas1 a great wayf>]1 & he walk$ = days & days j\rney+ to a ca/le1 :]e a good d9n] await$ him & a w>m fire & a good b$ to re/ 91 & 9 ! b$ a good b$mate4 ,& !re 9 ! ca/le he 0 go+ to live days )\t end1 li/5+ to /ories t w5t on = ev]1 joy+ 9 8 sweet companion1 a life ( p]petual y\?4 ,& ^? days w\ld be all alike & all peaceful4 ,& z !y pass$1 oblivion w\ld fall on !m4 ,& all ^? days w\ld be ?us "o et]nal day1 "o same day et]nally r5ew$1 a p]petual to-day ov]fl[+ ) a :ole inf9ity ( ye/]days & ) a :ole inf9ity ( to-morr[s4 8,& ,maquetas believ$ t t 0 life1 & set out on 8 j\rney4 ,& he j\rney$ on1 /opp+ at inns :]e he slept1 & :5 ! sun rose he w5t on 8 way aga94 ,& once1 z he 0 leav+ an inn1 he met an ag$ begg> :o 0 sitt+ on ! trunk ( a tree by ! door1 & ! begg> said to him3 #8,maquetas1 :at mean+ h ?+s8' ,& t ,maquetas answ]$ him1 %rugg+ 8 %\ld]s3 #8,:at does t matt] to me8' ,& ! ag$ begg> ask$ him aga93 #8,maquetas1 :at does ?is road mean8' ,& t ,maquetas1 n[ some:at irritat$1 answ]$ him3 #8,:y d y ask me :at ! road means8 ,h[ %\ld ,i "k8 ,does anybody "k8 ,does ! road mean any?+8 ,leave me 9 peace1 & ,god be ) y4' ,& ! ag$ begg> knitt$ 8 br[s & smil$ sadly1 gaz+ on ! gr\nd4 8,& !n ,maquetas came to a v rugg$ c\ntry & _h to cross a wild m\nta9 ridge by a precipit\s footpa? hewn out ( ! rock1 high up ov] an abyss1 9 ! dep?s ( :i* sang ! wat]s ( an invisible torr5t4 ,& !nce he disc]n$ af> ! ca/le t he _h to rea* be=e ! sun set1 & :5 he disc]n$ x 8 he>t leap$ = joy 9 8 brea/1 & he quick5$ 8 /eps4 ,b a lass1 sweet z a vision1 compell$ him to /op & re/ a:ile on a bank ( turf1 & t ,maquetas re/$ 8 head on h] lap & /opp$4 ,& :5 he left h] ! lass gave him a kiss1 ! kiss ( dea?1 & z soon z ! sun set beh9d ! t[]s ( ! ca/le ! cold & ! d>kness clos$ 9 all r\nd him & ! d>kness & ! cold grew d5s] & m]g$ into "o4 ,& !re fell a sil5ce f :i* only t song ( ! et]nal wat]s em]g$4 ,yond]1 9 life1 s\nds1 songs1 murmurs1 us$ to issue out ( a vague murmur\s backgr\nd1 out ( a k9d ( mi/ ( s\nd2 b "h ?is song em]g$ out ( ! pr(\nd sil5ce1 ! sil5ce ( d>kness & cold1 ! sil5ce ( dea?4 8,( dea?8 ,yes1 ( dea?1 = t ,maquetas1 t valiant wayf>]1 di$4444 8,h[ sweet ! /ory is1 & h[ sad6 ,x is sweet]1 f> sweet]1 sadd]1 f> sadd]1 ?an t old song my gr&mo!r taught me4 ,let me see1 h[ does x g8 ,i w repeat x ov] aga94 8,once ^u a "t !re 0 a man :o 0 call$ ,maquetas1 a great wayf>]1 & he walk$ = days & days j\rney+ to a ca/le44440 ,& ,maquetas repeat$ to himself aga9 & aga9 & aga9 & aga9 ! /ory ( t o!r ,maquetas1 & he cont9ues repeat+ x & s he w g on repeat+ x z long z ! wat]s ( ! invisible torr5t g on s++1 & ! wat]s w s+ = ev]1 ev]1 ev]1 )\t a ye/]day & )\t a to-morr[1 = ev]1 ev]1 ev]4444 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,mont]rey ,x is freez+4 ,a bit+ nor? w9d cuts %ort ! brea?4 ,f ! /eely blue a pale sun %$s a glitt]+ light t cuts out ! %ad[s & models ! l&scape into a k9d ( ar*itectural relief4 ,= ?is cry/al-cle> light1 bright z fro/1 )\t haze1 appe>s n s mu* to illum9e z to civilize ,nature2 x makes x civil1 :i* means t x makes x m ?an human4 ,to humanize is mu*1 b to civilize is m4 ,to civilize1 to make civil--or1 if y l1 to citiz5ize--is to sup]humanize4 ,humanity seems to u1 s f> z man is conc]n$1 to be ev]y?+2 b civility embraces m ?an humanity2 x is m ?an all1 = x is ! future 9 nev]-end+ process ( realization--x is ! ideal4 ,! all is t :i* is & t :i* is p]man5t2 b ! m ?an all is t :i*1 ov] & above all t has be5 & is1 w be4 ,! all is ! pa/ t is cond5s$ 9 ! pres5t2 ! m ?an all is ! et]nity t embraces ! pa/1 ! pres5t & ! future4 ,! all is ! univ]se & ! m ?an all is ?\ght4 ,= ?\ght exce$s all t has be5 ?\ght & all t is ?9kable & goes beyond !m4 ,! city also is ,nature4 ,its /reets & its squ>es & its erect pill>$ t[]s also are l&scape4 ,& its l9es are l ! l9es ( ! c\ntry4 ,b>oque l9es !y are said to be4 ,b n all4 ,! esc>pm5ts :i* slope d[n f ! va/ tablel& ( ,la ,armua to ! banks ( ! ,tormes are l ! buttresses ( a gigantic ca!dral2 !y are ar*itectonic4 ,!re are villages :i* seem z if !y 7 sculptur$ out ( ! e>? ( ! bleak upl& pla9s1 out ( ! rock itself4 ,& if y look long en\gh at "s d>k popl> /&+ ne> ! spire ( a village *ur*1 y beg9 to wond] :i* is ! tree & :i* ! spire4 ,& ! skeleton trees1 all sw>t nak$ bone1 look l ! pill>s ( a ru9$ temple ! ro( ( :i* has fall5 94 ,9 travell+ ?r\gh ?is b>r5 rocky ,ib]ian l&1 h y nev] sometimes fanci$ t y disc]n$ 9 "s di/ant craggy hill ! outl9e ( a ,b>oque ca!dral8 ,& conv]sely1 "h 9 ! city1 "o might imag9e oneself to be 9 ! mid/ ( "s va/ geological =mation4 ,m51 l coral insects1 h built up ^! masses ( grey & gold5 coral1 gleam+ 9 ! nak$ w9t] sun4 ,e "o ( ^! fabrics ( /one might be said to be an imm5se ar*itectonic phrase1 an aphorism 9 l9es4 ,9 a phrase culm9ates & is cond5s$ a :ole sy/em ( ideas1 ( ?\ghts4 ,9 ! title--,la ,vida es ,sueo--( ,cald]n's drama1 ! immortal fell[ ( 8,don ,quixote10 is cond5s$ 7z ,f>9elli rightly says 9 8 "w ,la ,vita un ,sogno1 :i* ,i h j be5 read+7 8! sub/ance ( all e>?ly philosophies40 ,x 0 by a phrase t ea* ( ! sev5 wise m5 ( ,greece won a la/+ place 9 ! memory ( _! race2 = ^! sev5 wise m5 et]naliz$ !mselves 9 ! ?\ght ( _! p z be+ ! au?ors ( sev5 s+le s5t5ces4 ,& a phrase1 a civil s5t5ce1 civil r ?an human1 is an edifice ( ?\ght 9 :i* economy ( mat]ial & ( brute =ce has a*iev$ its supreme triumph4 ,! ,pyramids are phrases ( /one :i* rise up f ! s&s ( ! des]t2 & l an imm5se phrase1 l "o ( ! p]iods ( ,demo/h5es1 or r ( ,p]icles1 :i* ,?ucydides has bequea!d to u = ev]1 /&s ! ,p>!non4 ,& ^! t[]s are phrases too1 civil phrases1 phrases ( civility n[ made "o ) ,nature4 ,i "k n h[ ,i am to translate to y 9 s\nd+ words--words t are w+$1 yet captive1 words t fly & so>1 yet abide--t :i* ?is h>moni\s phrase ( hewn /one1 ?is t[] ( ,mont]rey1 says to me1 says to u all1 9 ! f9e cutt+ light ( ^! b5umb+ w9t] morn+s1 :5 ! fro/ sleeps idly on its l(ty p9nacles2 b ,i "k t x is a phrase :5 ,i see x cle>-cut aga9/ ! blue ( heav54 ,& if m5 pass away & yet abide1 ^! /ones w abide to tell ,nature t once !re 0 ,humanity1 once !re 0 ?\ght2 !y w abide to tell ( plan1 & ( ord]1 & ( proportion1 to ! ,univ]se4 ,& :y %\ld n ! planets :i* j\rney ?r\gh space 9 ob$i5ce to ! laws :i* !y !mselves communicat$ to ,kepl]1 und]/& geometry & ma!matics8 ,is n ! :ole va/ /ructure ( ! ,univ]se a great city1 ! city ( ,god1 its supreme ,ar*itect & ,inhabit]8 ,all ?is is a dream4 ,true6 ,b ?is dream ( /one1 9 ! cl>ifi$ fro/y light1 tells u t dream is :at abides1 ! la/+1 ! p]man5t1 ! sub/antial1 & t on ! surface ( ! dream1 l waves on ! surface ( ! sea1 roll our sorr[s & our joys1 our hates & our loves1 our memories & our hopes4 ,! waves are ( ! sea2 b ! waves pass & ! sea abides2 ! sorr[s & ! joys1 ! hates & ! loves1 ! memories & ! hopes1 are ( ! dream1 ! dream ( life2 b !y--sorr[s1 joys1 hates1 loves1 memories1 hopes--pass away & ! dream abides4 ,& x abides ?us1 conv]t$ into /one1 /one ( ! e>?1 b civiliz$1 civil or spiritual /one1 a phrase m9t$ = ev]1 monum5tum re p]5nius1 m endur+ ?an bronze4 ,?is dream ( /one ent]s into ! s\l & s9ks into x1 into ! inn]mo/ dep?s ( x1 into ! s\l's s\l1 into :at is inn]mo/ 9 ! s\l itself1 & x be>s our s\l along ) x into ! und]ly+ sub/ance ( all s\ls1 fugitive waves subm]g$ 9 ! sea ( s\ls4 ,is x a sea8 ,is x liquid8 ,is x n r a rocky floor1 a pla91 a /ony /ratum ( _m mansions = civil human ?\ght to dwell 98 ,& is n ea* "o ( our s\ls a /one :i* life hews--hews ) hamm]-/rokes ( sorr[ & joy1 ( hate & love1 ( memory & hope--s t x may fit into ! great civil1 human ca!dral1 9 ! temple ( our civil & human ,god8 ,x 0 b ye/]day1 b a mom5t ago1 t is to say x 0 five & tw5ty ye>s ago--! ?ird ( a full lifetime--t ,i fir/ saw y1 t[] ( ,mont]rey1 & y c>ry me beyond1 f> beyond1 ^? tw5ty-five ye>s1 back to :51 be=e ev] ,i 0 born1 ,i beheld y--:]e8--& 9 behold+ y1 y c>ry me f ! mid/ ( ^! tw5ty-five ye>s1 beyond1 f> beyond1 to :51 aft] ,i am dead & dead inde$1 ,i %all g on behold+ y--?is vision ( y :i* 9 ! cl>ifi$ fro/y light is impr9t$ on my s\l w abide ) me1 at re/ & buri$ deep 9 ! sea ( s\ls4 ,dream abides4 ,x is ! only ?+ t abides2 vision abides4 ,_s1 :5 x suff]s or rejoices1 :5 x hates or loves1 :5 x rememb]s or hopes1 becomes e>?1 becomes wat]1 becomes fire or becomes air2 & /one1 :5 x ?9ks & ?9ks civilly1 becomes abid+ _s1 congeal$1 cry/alliz$1 sub/antivat$4 ,?is t[] is a diamond ( _s4 ,& :at does x say8 ,x says no?+ t is n itself2 x says itself1 x proclaims itself immortal1 x affirms itself4 ,no matt] if an e>?quake or a bomb>dm5t--:i* is ano!r e>?quake--or any o!r accid5t t ! hate ( ,nature or ( man may br+ ab\t1 ?r[s y to ! gr\nd & scatt]s y\r /ones 9 confusion1 t[] ( ,mont]rey1 = ! vision ( y w rema94 ,x w rema9 fus$ 9 ! s\ls :i* behold y4 ,& to ! s\l t beholds y1 t[] ( ,mont]rey1 y say t he says ! utmo/ t c be said :o says himself1 :o expresses 8 p]son1 :o /rips 8 _s nak$ 9 ! icy-cle> light ( ! civil _w1 /&+ /atue-l be=e ! _w ( m54 ,! greate/ ?+ t m5 c see is ano!r man1 & if !y b once saw him utt]ly & completely1 !y w\ld c>ry him ) !m = ev]4 ,& ?is t[] & o!r t[]s fill our s\l ) ! torm5t+ long+ to say ! unsayable1 to leave 9 words t are borne on w+s ( s\nd & pass away & are lo/1 some?+ t does n pass away & is nev] lo/4 ,to say :at "o sees & to say x s t x is se5 9 be+ he>d2 to see :at is he>d3 t is ! :ole secret ( ,art4 ,art makes ! bl9d to see--& _m are bl9d ^: eyes reflect ! images ( :at !y see ^u ! m9d--& x makes !m see ) ! ^w2 ,art makes ! deaf to he>--& _m are deaf ^: e>s vibrate ) ! s\nds !y he> r\nd ab\t !m--& x makes !m he> ) ! vision4 ,a poem gives sight to ! bl9d2 a picture gives he>+ to ! deaf4 ,art fuses ! s5ses1 desc5d+ to t :i* unites !m 9 a common root & asc5d+ to t :i* also unites !m 9 a common cr[n4 ,t[] ( ,mont]rey1 n ! t[] :i* ,i see ) my eyes :5 ,i g =? f my h\se on ^! b5umb+ morn+s ( cl>ifi$ light to read ! div9e ,plato ) my pupils--,o noble ^w degrad$ to s ignoble use6--my t[] ( ,mont]rey1 ! t[] t ,i c>ry 9 ! cry/al ( my m9d1 z if x 7 a vision :i* by "s en*antm5t _h rema9$ froz5 = ev] ^u ! froz5 surface ( a lake1 ?is t[] ( m9e tells me t he :o says himself rema9s = ev] too4 ,x matt]s n1 my s\l1 :at y say if y say y\rself4 ,= :at art ?\ b a phrase 9 ! ?\ght ( ,god8 ,! ?\ght ( ,god is ,hi/ory3 human hi/ory1 civil hi/ory1 ! hi/ory ( ?is civil humanity 9 :i* ,god became man & dwelt among m51 & proclaim$ t ,8 k+dom1 ! k+dom ( ,god1 t is1 ! k+dom ( ,man1 ! k+dom ( ,god-,man1 is n ( ?is _w ( sorr[s & joys1 ( hates & loves1 ( memories & hopes4 ,= ! k+dom ( ,god1 ! k+dom ( ,man1 is ( ?\ght1 :i* is above sorr[ & joy1 above hate & love1 above memory & hope1 al?\gh x is made ( ^!1 z ! t[]s t abide 9 ,hi/ory are made ( /ones4 ,! ?\ght ( ,god is ,hi/ory2 ,hi/ory is :at ,god ?9ks1 :at ,he goes on ?9k+4 ,& he :o lives 9 ,hi/ory1 m or less audible & visible1 :atev] ! fa%ion ( 8 life1 h[ev] f> b5ea? ! surface1 lives 9 ! ?\ght ( ,god1 &1 abid+ 9 ,god's ?\ght1 he abides 9 ,god4 ,& ev]yone :o1 will+ly or unwill+ly1 kn[+ly or unkn[+ly1 helps to make ,hi/ory1 lives 9 ,hi/ory2 ev]yone1 h[ev] obscurely & hesitat+ly he lives1 :o has civil consci\sness4 ,absolute dea? is unconsci\sness4 ,& ?is my t[] ( ,mont]rey speaks to me ( our ,r5aissance1 ( ! ,spani% r5aissance1 ( ! et]nal ess5ce ( ,spa91 & tells me to say my ,spani% self & to affirm t if life is dream1 dream is ! only ?+ t abides1 & t ! re/1 all t is n dream1 is no?+ b a process ( dige/ion t passes away1 z sorr[ & joy1 hate & love1 memory & hope1 pass away4 ,yes1 life )\t dream is no?+ b dige/ion & respiration1 brea? t vani%es4 ,brea?1 air1 pneuma1 anima1 spiritus1 su* are ! names t h be5 giv5 to ! life t animates ! body b is n dream2 & ! brea? passes away1 b ! dream abides4 8,life is dream60 affirm$ ! man1 ! ,spani>d1 :o believ$ 9 ! et]nal & ! sub/antial1 & ^? :o d n believe 9 x say 9 ! fooli%ness ( _! he>ts3 8,life is brea?60 ,& ! t[] ( ,mont]rey1 my t[] ( ,mont]rey1 my t[] ( ! ,spani% r5aissance1 ( r5aissant ,spani%ness1 tells me t life is n brea? t passes away & is lo/1 b dream t abides & triumphs4 ,:5 ,i g =? 9 ! morn+ & ! t[] says to me3 8,"h am ,i60 ,i1 behold+ x1 say to x3 8,"h am ,i60 ,,app5dix ,! =ego+ essays are d]iv$ f ! foll[+ works4 8,! ,_s ( ,ca/ile0--,en ,torno al ,ca/icismo1 #ahie1 ,ensayos1 ,vol4 ,i4 8,spani% ,individualism0--,el ,individualismo ,espaol 7,a propsito del libro de ,m>t9 ,a4 ,s4 ,hume1 8,! ,spani% ,p3 ,_! ,orig91 ,gr[? & ,influ5ce10 ,london1 #aija71 #aijb1 ,ensayos1 ,vol4 ,,iv4 8,"s ,arbitr>y ,reflections ^u ,europeanization0--,sobre la ,europeizacion 7,arbitr>i$ades71 #aijf1 ,ensayos1 ,vol4 ,,vii4 8,! ,spani% ,*ri/0--,mi ,religin y ,otros ,ensayos 7,el ,cri/o ,espaol71 #aiaj4 8,! ,sepul*re ( ,don ,quixote0--,introduction to #bnd edition ( ,la ,vida de ,don ,quijote y ,san*o1 #aiac4 7,orig9ally publi%$ 9 ,la ,espaa ,mod]na1 ,febru>y1 #aijf47 8,! ,helmet ( ,mambr9o0--,la ,vida de ,don ,quijote y ,san*o1 ,"p ,i1 ,*ap4 ,,xlv4 8,don ,quixote's ,niece0--,la ,vida de ,don ,quijote y ,san*o1 ,"p ,,ii1 ,*ap4 ,,lxxiv4 8,! ,religion ( ,quixotism0--,del ,s5timi5to ,trgico de la ,vida 7,don ,quijote en la ,tragi-,com$ia ,europea ,contempornea71 #aiab4 8,l>ge & ,small ,t[ns0--,por ,ti]ras de ,portugal y de ,espaa 7,gr&es y ,pequez ,ciudades71 #aijh4 8,to ,my ,read]s0--,soliloquios y ,conv]saciones 7,a ,mis ,lectores71 #aiaa4 8,soliloquies0--,soliloquios y ,conv]saciones 7,soliloquios & ,desahogo ,lirico71 #aiaa4 8,my ,religion0--,mi ,religin y ,otros ,ensayos1 #aiaj4 8,solitude0--,sol$ad1 #aije1 ,ensayos1 ,vol4 ,,vi4 8,intellectuality & ,spirituality0--,intellectualidad y ,espiritualidad1 #aijd1 ,ensayos1 ,vol4 ,,iv4 8,! ,mat]ialism ( ! ,masses0--,mi ,religin y ,otros ,ensayos1 7,mat]ialismo ,popul>1 #aiji74 8,! ,man ( ,fle% & ,bone10 8,! ,problem ( ,immortality10 8,creative ,fai?0--,del ,s5timi5to ,trgico de la ,vida1 #aiab4 8,! ,song ( ! ,et]nal ,wat]s0--,mi ,religin y ,otros ,ensayos 7,el ,canto de las ,aguas ,et]nas1 #aiji74 8,! ,t[] ( ,mont]rey0--,&anzas y ,visiones ,espaolas 7,la ,torre de ,mont]rey1 #aiaf74 ,,bibliography ,,paz ,,en ,,la ,,gu]ra 7,peace 9 ,w>4 ,novel74 ,f]n&o ,f1 ,madrid1 #ahig4 ,,de ,,la ,,ense,,anza ,,sup]ior ,,en ,,espa,a 7,second>y ,education 9 ,spa974 ,revi/a ,nueva1 ,madrid1 #ahii4 ,,tres ,,ensayos 7,?ree ,essays74 ,b4 ,rodriguez ,s]ra1 ,madrid1 #aijj4 ,,amor ,y ,,p$agogia 7,love & ,p$agogy4 ,novel74 ,he9ri* y ,cia4 ,b>celona1 #aijb4 ,,paisajes 7,l&scapes74 ,colon1 ,salamanca1 #aijb4 ,,de ,,mi ,,pais 7,ab\t ,my ,c\ntry74 ,f]n&o ,f1 ,madrid1 #aijc4 ,,vida ,,de ,,don ,,quijote ,y ,,san*o segn ,miguel de ,c]vantes ,saav$ra explicada y com5tada por ,miguel de ,unamuno 7,life ( ,don ,quixote & ,san*o1 ) explanation & comm5t>y by ,miguel de ,unamuno74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aije4 ,second edition1 ) introductory article1 ,el ,sepulcro de ,don ,quijote1 #aiac4 ,,poesias4 ,f]n&o ,f y ,victoriano ,su>ez1 ,madrid1 #aijg4 ,,recu]dos ,,de ,,ni,,ez ,y ,,de ,,moc$ad 7,recollections ( ,*ildhood & ,y\?74 ,f]n&o ,f y ,victoriano ,su>ez1 ,madrid1 #aijh4 ,,mi ,,religion ,y ,,otros ,,ensayos ,,breves 7,my ,religion & o!r %ort essays74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiaj4 ,,por ,,ti]ras ,,de ,,portugal ,y ,,de ,,espa,a 7,travels 9 ,portugal & ,spa974 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiaa4 ,,ros>io ,,de ,,sonetos ,,liricos 7,ros>y ( ,lyrical ,sonnets74 ,f]n&o ,f y ,victoriano ,su>ez1 ,madrid1 #aiaa4 ,,soliloquios ,y ,,conv]saciones 7,soliloquies & ,conv]sations74 ,biblioteca ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiab4 ,,contra ,,e/o ,y ,,aquello 7,aga9/ ,?is & ,t74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiab4 ,,el ,,porv5ir ,,de ,,espa,a 7,! ,future ( ,spa94 ,a s]ies ( op5 lett]s ex*ang$ betwe5 ,miguel de ,unamuno & ,angel ,ganivet1 repr9t$ f ,el ,def5sor de ,granada74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiab4 ,,el ,,espejo ,,de ,,la ,,mu]te 7,! ,mirror ( ,dea?4 ,%ort ,/ories74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiac4 ,,del ,,s5timi5to ,,tr,,gico ,,de ,,la ,,vida ,,en ,,los ,,hombres ,y ,,en ,,los ,,pueblos 7,! ,tragic ,s5se ( ,life 9 ,m5 & ,peoples74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiac4 ,,niebla 7,mi/4 ,novel74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiad4 ,,ensayos 7,essays4 ,collect$ ,edition1 #g ,vols474 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiaf-ah4 ,,abel ,s,,n*ez1 una hi/oria de pasin 7,abel ,sn*ez1 a /ory ( passion4 ,novel74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiag4 ,,tres ,,novelas ,,ejempl>es ,y ,,un ,,pr,,logo 7,?ree ,exempl>y ,novels & a ,prologue74 ,calpe1 ,madrid & ,b>celona1 #aibj4 ,,el ,,cri/o ,,de ,,velasquez 7,! ,*ri/ ( ,velasquez4 ,poem74 ,calpe1 ,madrid1 #aibj4 ,,la ,,tia ,,tula 7,aunt ,tula4 ,novel74 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aiba4 ,,&anzas ,y ,,visiones ,,espa,,olas 7,?+s ,done & ,se5 9 ,spa974 ,r5acimi5to1 ,madrid1 #aibb4 ,,f$ra 7,play1 orig9ally publi%$ 9 ,la ,pluma74 ,madrid1 #aibd4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,pues el delito mayor ,del hombre es hab] nacido4 --,,cald]on1 ,la ,vida es ,sueo1 ,act ,i1 ,sc5e ,,ii4 #b ,unamuno describes 8 8,comm5t>y ^u ! ,life ( ,don ,quixote0 z 8a free & p]sonal exegesis40 8,i d n ?9k ,i ne$ repeat10 he says 9 8 preface1 8t ,i feel myself to be a ,quixoti/ r ?an a ,c]vanti/ & t ,i h all[$ myself sometimes ev5 to diff] f ! way 9 :i* ,c]vantes und]/ood & dealt ) 8 two h]oes4 ,! tru? is1 ,i believe t ^! fictiti\s p]sonages possess a life ( _! own1 ) a c]ta9 autonomy1 )9 ! m9d ( ! au?or :o creat$ !m1 & t !y obey an inn] logic ( :i* ! au?or himself is n :olly consci\s40 ,c]vantes did n s mu* create !m1 he ma9ta9s1 z d]ive !m f ! spiritual dep?s ( ! ,spani% p1 & !re=e x is possible = u to und]/& !m bett] ev5 ?an _! au?or4 ,x may be conjectur$ t ,unamuno c nev] q =give ! slightly ironical attitude t ,c]vantes always adopts t[>ds 8 h]o4 #c ,x w be rememb]$ t ,don ,quixote1 o!rwise kn[n z ,alonso ,quixano1 :5 he turn$ knight-errant1 resolv$ t x 0 prop] = him to h "s lady to :om he might s5d ! trophies ( 8 val\r4 ,accord+ly he *ose = 8 mi/ress "o ,aldonza ,lor5zo1 8a good1 likely c\ntry lass10 = :om he _h long *]i%$ an unav[$ passion4 ,he be/[$ ^u h] ! "n ( ,dulc9ea1 ) ! addition ( ,del ,toboso f ! place :]e %e 0 born4 ,accord+ to ,unamuno's exegesis1 ,dulc9ea /&s 8= glory1 = life1 = survival40 #d ,! ,basque race4 #e ,?is is ! def9ition giv5 by ! ,real ,academia de la ,l5gua4 #f 8,human ,p]sonality & ,its ,survival ( ,bodily ,dea?10 by ,fr$]ic ,w4 ,h4 ,my]s4 ,*ap4 #c1 p>a4 #cjf4 #g ,! leap f ! 8,critique ( ,pure ,reason10 9 :i* he subject$ ! traditional pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god to a de/ructive analysis1 to ! 8,critique ( ,practical ,reason10 9 :i* he recon/ruct$ ,god1 b ! ,god ( ! consci5ce1 ! ,au?or ( ! moral ord]4 #h ,to ?9k z y ?9k1 all t is necess>y is to possess no?+ m ?an intellig5ce4 #i ,james ,?omson1 au?or ( 8,! ,city ( ,dreadful ,night40 #aj ,essai sur l'indiffr5ce en matire de religion1 ,"p ,,iii1 *ap4 lxvii4 ,typographical errors correct$ by ! etext transcrib]3 example1 to sny!tize example1 to syn!tize pg vii possibly unfamil> possibly unfamili> pg #ad inadequate susbtitute inadequate sub/itute pg #ae uniqu5ess & inde/rucibility uniqu5ess & inde/ructibility pg #bg t ( ! ! imm5se pla9 t ( ! imm5se pla9 pg #cc ! suppo/ion t ! supposition t pg #dh innate atttractions innate attractions pg #ee x sees a tryant x sees a tyrant pg #gj n "k "k :at n "k :at pg #aaa n = philosph]s n = philosoph]s pg #abb ,s*op5hau] & ,neitzs*e ,s*op5hau] & ,nietzs*e pg #aea ! poltical "q ! political "q pg #afe mak+ ricidul\s mak+ ridicul\s pg #agd cummunicate itself communicate itself pg #agf a social in/ituion a social in/itution pg #ahh p is a a lead] p is a lead] pg #bjb %ad[ ( unc]ta9ity %ad[ ( unc]ta9ty pg #bad h]oic dsepair h]oic despair pg #baf supreme ,a*itect supreme ,ar*itect pg #bce