,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,?is 0 a ref]5ce book = typesett]s & pro(read]s at ! ,univ]sity ,press1 ,ox=d4 ,:ile prim>ily cov]+ ,engli% words & gramm>1 x also addresses ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,lat9 & ,greek text 9 ,,up books4 ,?is etext simplifies ! orig9al text by us+ common ,unicode *>act]s1 s t a wide v>iety ( display devices w pres5t a m readable book to read]s4 ,a few less common *>act]s rema91 & "s devices may n display !m correctly4 ,footnote an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes h be5 plac$ at ! end ( ea* major section4 ,_m footnotes h m ?an "o an*or2 9 ^! cases ! second & ?ird an*ors h be5 d5ot$ by numb]4 ,9 ?is etext italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,a sup]script is d5ot$ by x or xx1 = example ye or ,c#aj;,h#ab4 ,a subscript is d5ot$ by x1 = example ,p#a4 ,! orig9al book _h _m ,g]man words & phrases 9 ,fraktur 7blacklett]7 font1 prim>ily 9 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,?is etext has replac$ ea* ,fraktur lett] ) ! correspond+ roman lett]1 & ! ,fraktur text /r+ is d5ot$ by equalsigns4 ,app5dix ,,iii addresses pr9t+ ( ,g]man ,fraktur text4 ,!re are _m digraphs 7a pair ( lett]s pr9t$ z "o type-lett]7 9 ! ,fraktur text 9 ! orig9al book4 ,!y are %[n 9 ?is etext z a pair ( lett]s 9 roman1 = example *1 ck1 ff1 1 t1 z4 ,! pr9t$ long-s "*1 1 has be5 reta9$ & n *ang$ to ! mod]n %ort s "*4 ,9 ! orig9al book a ,fraktur ^w-division 0 indicat$ by an 7= example anfang572 9 ?is etext a tilde is us$ in/ead 7anfang574 ,page #ih %[s a page ( pr9t$ text ) doz5s ( h&writt5 pro(read+ correction m>ks & notes4 ,^! are n reproduc$ 9 ?is etext1 b c be se5 9 ! web & eread] v]sions ( ?is book4 ,page #ii has ! correct$ v]sion ( t m>k$-up text4 ,,rules ,,= ,,compositors ,,& ,,read]s ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press1 ,,ox=d ,,by ,,horace ,,h>t1 ,m4,a4 ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ox=d ,,! ,,engli% ,,spell+s ,,revis$ ,,by ,,sir ,,james ,a4 ,h4 ,,murray1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,,litt4 ,,& ,,h5ry ,,bradley1 ,m4,a41 ,,ph4,d4 ,,editors ,,( ,,! ,,ox=d ,,diction>y ,,tw5ty-,,second ,,edition 7,,! ,,eigh? ,,= ,,publication7 ,,london ,,h5ry ,,fr[de1 ,,am5 ,,corn]1 ,e4,c4 ,,ox=d3 #aaf ,,high ,,/reet #aiab ,^! ,rules apply g5]ally1 & !y are only to be dep>t$ f :5 ! writt5 in/ructions :i* accompany copy = a new book conta9 an express direction t !y are n to be foll[$ 9 c]ta9 specifi$ cases4 ,illu/ration3 7light bulb2 end ( section m>k]7 ,fir/ ,edition1 ,april #ahic4 ,repr9t$1 ,dec4 #ahid4 ,repr9t$ ) alt]ations-- ,jan4 #ahie2 ,feb4 #ahie2 ,jan4 #ahif2 ,july #ahig2 ,sept4 #ahih2 ,april #ahii2 ,aug4 #ahii2 ,jan4 #aija2 ,feb4 #aija2 ,jan4 #aijb2 ,m>* #aijb2 ,may #aijc4 ,fifte5? ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$ ! fir/ = publication ,m>* #aijd4 ,sixte5? ,edition1 ,april #aijd4 ,sev5te5? ,edition1 ,april #aijd4 ,eighte5? ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$ ,july #aijd4 ,n9ete5? ,edition1 ,july #aije4 ,tw5tie? ,edition1 ,july #aijg4 ,tw5ty-fir/ ,edition1 ,janu>y #aiji4 ,tw5ty-second ,edition1 ,janu>y #aiab4 ,,preface ,x is q cle>ly set out on ! title-page 9 previ\s editions ( ^! ,rules & ,examples1 t !y 7 int5d$ especially = ,compositors & ,read]s at ! ,cl>5don ,press4 ,consequ5tly x seems necess>y to expla9 :y an edition or impression is n[ (f]$ to s mu* ( ! ,g5]al ,public z is int]e/$ 9 ! te*nicalities ( ,typography1 or wi%es to be guid$ to a *oice amid/ alt]native spell+s4 ,on ! production ( ! ,fir/ ,edition at ! ,ox=d ,press1 copies 7 plac$ at ! disposal ( all ,read]s1 ,compositors1 & ,compositor-appr5tices2 & o!r copies f\nd _! way into ! possession ( ,au?ors & ,editors ( books !n 9 ! pr9t]s' h&s4 ,subsequ5tly1 fri5ds ( au?ors1 & read]s & compositors 9 o!r pr9t+-(fices1 began to ask = copies1 :i* 7 always suppli$ )\t *>ge4 ,by & by applications = copies 7 receiv$ f p]sons :o _h no absolute claim to be suppli$ gratuit\sly2 b z _m ( su* reque/s came f ,(ficials ( ! ,k+'s ,gov]nm5t at ,home1 9 ! ,colonies1 & 9 ,india1 x 0 ?\ght advisable1 on ! :ole1 to cont9ue ! practice ( pres5tation4 ,rec5tly1 h[ev]1 x became kn[n t copies ( ! booklet 7 on sale 9 ,london4 ,a correspond5t wrote t he _h j b\ght a copy #8at ! ,/ores'2 & z x seems m ?an complaisant to provide gratuit\sly :at may aft]w>ds be sold = pr(it1 !re is no alt]native b to publi% ?is little book4 ,z to ! orig9 & progress ( ! "w1 x 0 begun 9 #ahfd1 :5 ! compil] 0 a memb] ( ! ,london ,association ( ,correctors ( ! ,press4 ,) ! assi/ance ( a small b& ( fell[ memb]s employ$ 9 ! same pr9t+-(fice z himself1 a fir/ li/ ( examples 0 drawn up1 to furni% a work+ basis4 ,fate s orda9$ t1 9 c\rse ( ye>s1 ! writ] became 9 succession g5]al manag] ( ?ree ,london pr9t+-h\ses4 ,9 ea* ( ^! in/itutions additions 7 made to 8 select$ li/ ( words1 :i*1 9 ?is way1 gradually exp&$--embody+ :at compositors t]m #8! ,rule ( ! ,h\se'4 ,9 #ahhc1 z ,controll] ( ! ,ox=d ,press1 ! compil] began afre% ! "w ( adaptation2 b pressure ( o!r duties def]r$ its completion ne>ly t5 ye>s1 = ! fir/ edition is dat$ #ahic4 ,ev5 at t date ! book lack$ ! seal ( f9al approval1 be+ only "p ( a sy/em ( pr9t+-(fice managem5t4 ,9 due c\rse1 ,sir ,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,murray & ,dr4 ,,h5ry ,,bradley1 editors ( ! ,ox=d ,diction>y1 7 k9d en\gh to revise & approve all ! ,engli% spell+s4 ,be>+ ! /amp ( _! sanction1 ! booklet has an au?ority :i* x c\ld n o!rwise h claim$4 ,to lat] editions ,pr(essor ,,rob9son ,,ellis & ,mr4 ,h4 ,,/u>t ,,jones contribut$ two app5dices1 conta9+ in/ructions = ! ,division ( ,words 9 ,lat9 & ,greek2 & ! section on ! ,g]man ,language 0 revis$ by ,dr4 ,,k>l ,,breul1 ,read] 9 ,g]manic 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! pres5t issue is *>act]iz$ by _m additions & "s re>rangem5t4 ,! compil] has enc\rag$ ! pro(read]s ( ! ,univ]sity ,press f "t to "t to keep memor&a ( tr\blesome words 9 frequ5t--or inde$ 9 occasional--use1 n record$ 9 previ\s issues ( ! #8,rules'1 & to make notes ( ! mode ( pr9t+ !m :i* is decid$ on4 ,z ea* edition ( ! book becomes exhau/$ su* words are reconsid]$1 & _! approv$ =m f9ally incorporat$ into ! pages ( ! =?com+ edition4 ,! same rem>k applies to new words :i* appe> unexpect$ly1 l new planets1 & take _! place 9 :at ,sir ,,james ,,murray calls ! #8,_w ( ,words'4 ,su* in/ances z air-man1 sabotage1 /epney-:eel1 w occur to e newspap] read]4 ,la/ly1 x ought to be add$ t 9 "o or two cases1 a p>ticul> way ( spell+ a ^w or punctuat+ a s5t5ce has be5 *ang$4 ,?is does n g5]ally mean t an error has be5 discov]$ 9 ! #8,rules'2 b r t ! fa%ion has alt]$1 & t x is necess>y to guide ! compositor accord+ly4 ,h4 ,h4 ,janu>y #aiab4 ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,cont5ts ,page ,,"s ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,able #i ,,"s ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,ible #aa ,,"s ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,ise ,,or -,,ize #ab ,,"s ,,alt]native ,,or ,,difficult ,,spell+s1 ,,arrang$ ,,9 ,,alphabetical ,,ord] #ae ,,"s ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,m5t #bd ,,hyph5$ ,,& ,,non-,,hyph5$ ,,words #be ,,d\bl+ ,,consonants ,,) ,,suffixes #bi ,,=mation ,,( ,,plurals ,,9 ,,words ,,( ,,=eign ,,orig9 #ca ,,errata1 ,,erratum #cc ,,plurals ,,( ,,n\ns ,,end+ ,,9 -,o #cd ,,=eign ,,words ,,& ,,phrases1 ,,:5 ,,to ,,be ,,set ,,9 ,,roman ,,& ,,:5 ,,9 ,,italic #ce ,,spell+s ,,( ,,fifte5? ,,to ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,,writ]s #ch ,,phonetic ,,spell+s #ch ,a ,,or ,,an #ci ,o ,,& ,,oh #ci ,,nor ,,& ,,or #dj ,,v[el-,,ligatures 7 ,,& 7 #da ,,contractions #da ,,poetry3 ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,ed1 -,d1 ,c4 #de ,,capital ,,lett]s #df ,,l[]-,,case ,,initials #dg ,,small ,,capitals #dg ,,special ,,signs ,,or ,,symbols #dh ,,spac+ #di ,,italic ,,type #ej ,,ref]5ces ,,to ,,au?orities #eb ,,division ,,( ,,words--,,engli%1 ,,italian1 ,,portuguese1 ,,& ,,spani% #ec ,,punctuation #ee ,,figures ,,& ,,num]als #fh ,,app5dix ,i ,,possessive ,,case ,,( ,,prop] ,,names #ga ,,by ,,sir ,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,murray ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,works ,,9 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language #gc ,,app5dix ,,iii ,,works ,,9 ,,! ,,g]man ,,language #hh ,,app5dix ,,iv ,,division ,,( ,,lat9 ,,words #ie ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,rob9son ,,ellis ,,app5dix ,v ,,division ,,( ,,greek ,,words #ig ,,by ,,mr4 ,h4 ,,/u>t ,,jones ,,m>ks ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,correction ,,( ,,pro(s #ih ,,"s ,,engli% ,,names ,,( ,,types #ajj ,,g5]al ,,index #ajc ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,rules ,,= ,,sett+ ,,up ,,engli% ,,works#a ,,"s ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,able ,words end+ 9 sil5t e g5]ally lose ! e :5 -able is add$1 z-- adorable arguable desirable excusable indisp5sable leisurable ,b ?is rule is op5 to exceptions ^u :i* au?orities are n agre$4 ,! foll[+ spell+s are 9 ,! ,ox=d ,diction>y1 & mu/ be foll[$3 advisable analysable ascribable atonable baptizable believable blameable bribable *aseable conf9able conv]sable creatable datable debatable defamable def9able del9eable dilatable dissolvable drivable endorsable evadable excisable ex]cisable f9able =givable framable giveable hireable immovable improvable indisp5sable inflatable irreconcilable lapsable likeable l9able liveable losable lovable malleable movable nameable ov]comable palatable p>takable pleasable provable rateable rebukeable receivable reconcilable removable saleable solvable tameable tuneable unmi/akable ,if -able is prec$$ by ce or ge1 ! e %\ld be reta9$1 to pres]ve ! s(t s\nd ( c or g1 z-- bridgeable *angeable *>geable kn[l$geable lodgeable manageable noticeable peaceable pl$geable s]viceable ,words end+ 9 d\ble ee reta9 bo? lett]s1 z--agreeable4 ,9 words ( ,engli% =mation1 a f9al consonant is usually d\bl$ be=e -able1 z-- admittable biddable clubbable conf]rable def]rable =gettable gettable incurrable rebuttable regrettable#b ,,footnotes3 #a ,at ,ox=d especially1 x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! ,bible has a spell+ ( its own2 & t 9 ,bible & ,pray] ,book pr9t+ ! ,ox=d /&>ds are to be exactly foll[$4--,h4 ,h4 #b ,= an au?oritative /atem5t on ! :ole subject see ,! ,ox=d ,diction>y1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #iaj1 art4 -ble4 ,,"s ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,ible ,! pr9ciple und]ly+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 words end+ 9 -able & ^? end+ 9 -ible is ?us /at$ by ,! ,ox=d ,engli% ,diction>y 7s4v4 -ble73 #8,9 ,engli% !re is a preval5t feel+ = reta9+ -ible :]ev] !re 0 or might be a ,lat9 -ibilis1 :ile -able is us$ = words ( di/9ctly ,fr5* or ,engli% orig94' ,! foll[+ are examples ( words end+ 9 -ible3 accessible addible adducible admissible audible av]tible collapsible compreh5sible controv]tible cr$ible disc]nible disc]pible edible eligible exi/ible expressible ext5dible feasible f5cible flexible =cible incompreh5sible incorruptible incr$ible indefeasible indef5sible indelible inde/ructible indige/ible intangible intelligible irresi/ible legible negligible o/5sible p]missible p]suasible plausible producible r$ucible remissible repreh5sible rev]sible tangible v5dible visible ,,"s ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,ise or -,,ize ,! foll[+ spell+s are ^? adopt$ = ,! ,ox=d ,diction>y3 actualize adv]tise advise affran*ise aggr&ize agonize alcoholize alkalize ana!matize anatomize anglicize apologize apo/rophize apprise 7to in=m7 apprize 7to appraise7 au?orize baptize brutalize canonize capitalize capsize c>bonize cate*ize categorize ca?olicize caut]ize c5tralize *>act]ize *a/ise *ri/ianize cicatrize circumcise civilize collodionize colonize communize comprise compromise contr>iwise conv5tionalize corporealize criticize cry/allize demise demoralize deodorize desilv]ize despise devise discolorize disfran*ise disguise disorganize dogmatize dualize economize emphasize emprise enfran*ise ent]prise epigrammatize epitomize equalize et]nize e!realize etymologize eulogize euphonize evangelize excise ex]cise exorcize exp]im5talize extemporize famili>ize fem9ize f]tilize =malize fossilize fran*ise frat]nize gallicize galvanize g5]alize g]manize gorm&ize go?icize graecize h>monize hebraize hell5ize hib]nize humanize hydrog5ize hypnotize idealize idolize immortalize improvise incise italicize jacob9ize japanize jeop>dize kyanize laicize lat9ize legalize legitimatize lib]alize localize macadamize magnetize ma9prize manumise mat]ialize memorialize memorize m]*&ise mesm]ize me?odize m9imize misadvise mobilize mod]nize monetize monopolize moralize nasalize nationalize naturalize neutralize neologize normalize organize o/racize oxidize ozonize paganize p>ticul>ize patronize paup]ize p5alize philosophize plagi>ize pluralize pol>ize popul>ize premise prise up 7to7 prize 7a7 pulv]ize rationalize realize recognize reorganize reprise revolutionize rhapsodize romanize satirize sc&alize scrut9ize secul>ize seise 79 law7 seize 7to grasp7 s5sitize signalize silv]ize solemnize soliloquize specialize spiritualize /]ilize /igmatize subsidize summ>ize sup]vise surmise surprise syllogize symbolize sympa?ize syndicalize syn!size sy/ematize tantalize temporize t]rorize !orize tranquillize tyrannize utilize v5triloquize victimize villanize visualize vitalize vocalize vulg>ize ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,"s ,,alt]native ,,or ,,difficult ,,spell+s ,,m ,,or ,,less ,,9 ,,daily ,,use1 ,,arrang$ ,,9 ,,alphabetical ,,ord] ,,= ,,easy ,,ref]5ce abett] abettor 7law7 accept] 7-or 9 law7 adaptable adapt] addors$ adjutants-g5]al#c pl4 adjudgem5t admonitor a]ate a]ial a]ie a]onaut a]oplane aetiological1 -logi/ aetiology age+ aides-de-camp#c pl4 al9e1 -m5t#d all9eation almanac#e ambidext]ity analyse aneurysm ankle apanage apoph!gm apo/asy app>ell$ ar*etype ar*idiaconal arck+#f armful artisan asc5dancy1 -ant assessable aught 7any?+7 automobile awe+ awesome axe#g ay 7always7 aye 7yes--#8! ayes h x'7 b&ole] banns banyan ,b>badoes b>k 7%ip7 bas9 basses 7pl47 battalion befall beldam be?rall bl\se blui% bodice bogie 7a truck7 bogy 7app>ition7 bo?y br&-new bri] broo* 7ornam5t7 br[se bryony bulru% buncombe by & by by-election by-lane by-law byname bypa? by-play by-plot by-product by-/reet by ! by by-way byword caddis cal5d> calligraphy callip] caltrop camlet camomile can/ canvas 7clo?7 canvass 7political7 c>cass c>riable c>tography cat>rh9e cat's-paw cauldron 7a vessel7 caulk celluloid c5s] 7a vessel7 c5sor 7an (ficial7 c5tigram c5tip$e *aldron 7measure7 *alet *ant *ap]on *eque 7on a bank7 *equ]$ 7c>e]7 *e/nut *illness *ock-full *oroid cid] ciph] clangor cl>9et cl5* 7fi/s7 cl]e/ory cl9* 7argum5t7 cl9omet] cloak 7n cloke7 clue 7b clew = "p ( a sail7 coalesce coco-nut cognizance col&] coloration col\ri/ commonplace confidante 7fem47 conjur] conjuror 7law7 connexion conniv5ce consci5ce' sake cons5sus contempor>y cont]m9\s conte/or cony copi] corrupt] corslet corvette cosy cotillion cott> c\ld/ c\ldn't c\lt] c\rts m>tial 7pl47 c\s9s-g]man 7pl47 craftsman cr5ellate crosi] curtsy cy/ deb>kation debonair decrepit deflexion demean\r dep5dant 7n\n7 dep5d5ce dep5d5t 7adj47 desiccate detector develop1 -m5t deve/ 7law7 dext]\sly dia]esis#h dialyse dike d+hy discoloration discol\r disk dispat* 7n despat*7 di/5sion di/il disyllable dogg]el doily ,domesday ,book dote draft 7prep>e7 draftsman 7"o :o drafts docum5ts7 draught-bo>d draughtsman 7"o :o makes draw+s7 draughtsm5 79 game ( draughts7 dryly dullness duress dye+ 7clo?7 ec/asy elo91 -m5t emb>go emb>kation embassage emb$ embroil empanel encase enclasp enclose encru/ endorse enroll enrolm5t ensconce ensure 7make safe7 en?ral entreat entr5*1 -m5t entru/ envelop 7v]b7 envelope 7n\n7 erector e!real exorrhizal exp5se faecal faeces faggot fantasy fav\r feldsp> fetid filigree f9ick+ fl$gel+ fleurs-de-lis 7pl47 floatage floatation fluky fly] foetal foetus fogy1 pl4 -ies =bade =egone 7gone be=e7 =etell =ga!r =go#i =me 7pr9t]'s7 f\nt 7( type7 fr5zy fr[zy fu*sia fulfil fullness fusili] fusillade gage 7a pl$ge7 gaily gauge 7a measure7 g5uflexion gewgaw gibe gillie gimlet gipsy goodness' sake g\rm& gramme grammetre gramophone gr&am gr&daught] grant] 7"o :o grants7 grantor 79 law3 "o :o makes a grant7 grey grisly 7t]rible7 grizzly 7grey7 grizzly be> gruesome gu]rilla gullible had/ haematite haematology haemorrhage haemorrhoids ha6 ha6 7laught]7 ha-ha 7a f5ce7 hairbread? halb]d hallo h&ful h&iwork h>e-bra9$ haul] haulm havoc he>k5 hectogram hectolitre hectometre he'll 7no space7 hon\r horeh\nd hornbl5de horsy humori/ humor\s hum\r1 -less hy5a hypot5use ic+ ,i'd1 ,i'll 7no space7 idiosyncrasy idolat] imp]meable inf]able inflexion innocu\s inoculate inquire1 -quiry#aj in/all in/alm5t in/il insure 79 a society7 ,inv]ness-%ire1 c4 inweave ipecacuanha jail jam1 v4 7n jamb7 jamb 7n\n7 janiz>y jewell]y jews' h>p & jews' h>ps judge%ip jugful kilogram kilogrammetre kilolitre kilometre kil[att k9ematograph kleptomania knick-knack la*rymal la*rymose lackey lacqu] lamb's-wool lant]n l>gess latei% latt5 lav]ock leaf-m\ld lettuce lic5ce 7n\n7 lic5se 7v]b7 lic5see li*-gate l9eam5t ,l9naean#aa l9sey-woolsey l9y liquefy liquorice litre load/one loa? 7adj47 loa! 7v]b7 lode/> l\r 7fr[n7 mac9to% mael/rom mah>aja mamma m&ol9 manik9 manyplies m>quess mattress may/ m$iaeval m5-(-w>#ab 7pl47 metamorphose might/ mileage mill5nium millep$e milligram millimetre miscall misdemean\r misspell+ mi/letoe miz51 -ma/ moccas9 ,mohamm$an mollusc money$ moneys m\ld1 -+ 7v4 n47 naught 7no?+7 negotiate net 7pr(its7 newsv5dor novitiate nursl+ octet omelet oneself orangeade orgy osculatory osi] ought 7ciph]7 ouzel ov]alls oyez6 ozone pannik9 p>akeet p>allelepip$ p>alyse p>snip p>ti-col\r$ p>tisan p>ty-wall pa%a pa/ille pat5 pavilion pavi\r p$agogy p$l> peewit p5dant peony petrify picnick+ plaguy pomace poni>d portray po/ilion posy pot 7size ( pap]7 potato1 pl4 -es practice 7n\n7 practise 7v]b7 prehi/oric premises 7no s+41 conveyanc+7 premiss1 premisses 7logic7 primaeval pr9t]'s error1 b pr9t]s' errors#ac programme prolet>iate prophecy 7n\n7 prophesy 7v]b7 pundit pupilage putrefy pyjamas qu>tet qu99e qu9sy qu9tet racket 7bat7 rackets 7game7 racoon radical 7*emi/ry7 radicle 7botany7 radium 7small r7 ragi 7gra97 raja r>efaction r>efy rase 7to erase7 raze 7to ! gr\nd7 react re>w>d recall recomp5se 7v4 n47 recompose ref]able refill reflection#ad rhyme 7v]se7#ae ribbon rigor\s rigors 79 m$47 rig\r rime 7ho>-fro/7 rodomontade r\t 7v]b7 secrecy s]geant 7milit>y7 s]jeant 7law7 ,%akespe>e#af ,%akespe>ian1 -iana %e'll 7no space7 %\ld/ %[ 7v4 n47 %rillness sibyl sibyll9e silice\s s+e+ siphon sir5 skilful skilless slyly sons-9-law 7pl47 spadeful sph9x sponge spoonful /an* /ation>y 7/&+ /ill7 /ation]y 7pap]7 /eadfa/ /illness /ory 7( a h\se7 /upefy sugge/] sw+e+ 7bl[7 sycamore#ag sylvan syndicalism synonym\s syrup tallness#ah tease t5or ?yme 7h]b7 tire 7( a :eel7#ai tiro toboggan1 -+ toilet tranquillity transc5d5t transf]able tran%ip1 -m5t transpl5d5t tr\s]s ,tuil]ies tum\r unmi/akably v5d] 7z g5]ally us$7 v5dor 79 law7 v]milion villany visor wabble wagon weas& we'll 7no space7 :ilom :isky :iti% wilful woe1 w(ul woo$1 woos w\ld/ zoogloea ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,footnotes3 #c ,comp\nd words ( ?is class =m _! plurals by a *ange 9 ! fir/ ^w4--,h4 ,h4 #d #8,! ,eng4 =m al9em5t is pref]able to alignm5t1 a bad spell+ ( ! ,fr5*4'--,o4,e4,d4 #e ,b ! k is reta9$ 9 ,! ,ox=d ,almanack1 foll[+ ! fir/ publication 9 #afgd4--;,h4 ,h4 #f #8,9 d]ivatives =m$ f words end+ 9 c1 by add+ a t]m9ation beg9n+ ) e1 i1 or y1 ! lett] k is ins]t$ aft] ! c1 9 ord] t ! latt] may n be inaccurately pron\nc$ l s be=e ! foll[+ v[el4'--,,web/]4 #g ,9 ,! ,ox=d ,diction>y1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #eih1 ,sir ,james ,murray says1 #8,! spell+ ax is bett] on e gr\nd 444 ?an axe1 :i* has ( late become preval5t4' 7,b z au?ors g5]ally /ill call = ! common] spell+1 compositors mu/ foll[ x4--,h4 ,h47 #h ,! sign sometimes plac$ ov] ! second ( two v[els 9 an ,engli% ^w to indicate t !y are to be pron\nc$ sep>ately1 is s call$ by a compositor4 ,by ! way1 ?is sign is n[ us$ only = le>n$ or =eign words2 n 9 *aos or 9 dais1 = in/ance4 ,nave & navet /ill require x1 h[ev] 7see pp4 #ce1 #cg74--;,h4 ,h4 #i ,9 #ahif1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,glad/one1 n be+ aw>e ( ?is rule1 wi%$ to include1 9 a li/ ( errata = ins]tion 9 ,vol4 ,,ii ( ,butl]'s ,works1 an alt]ation ( ! spell+1 9 ,vol4 ,i1 ( ! ^w #8=go'4 ,on receipt ( 8 direction to make ! alt]ation1 ,i s5t ,mr4 ,glad/one a copy ( ,skeat's ,diction>y to %[ t #8=go'1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* he 0 us+ ! ^w1 0 "r1 & c\ld n be correct$2 b x 0 only aft] ref]5ce to ,sir ,james ,murray t ,mr4 ,glad/one wrote to me1 #8,p]sonally ,i am incl9$ to pref] =ego1 on its m]its2 b au?ority mu/ c>ry ! day4 ,i give 94'--,h4 ,h4 #aj #8,?is is n[ usual4 ,see ,o4,e4,d41 s4v4 ,enq-4'--,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 #aa ,b ,l9nean ,society4 #ab ,comp\nd words =m$ ( two n\ns connect$ by a preposition =m _! plurals by a *ange 9 ! fir/ ^w4--,h4 ,h4 #ac ,sir ,james ,murray ?9ks t :]e !re is any ambiguity a hyph5 may also be us$1 z #8bad pr9t]s'-errors1'--,h4 ,h4 #ad #8,etymology is 9 fav\r ( reflexion1 b usage seems to be ov]p[]+ly 9 fav\r ( ! o!r spell+4'--,h4 ,b4 #ae ,! old] =m #8rime' is occasionally us$ by mod]n writ]s1 & 9 su* cases ! copy %\ld be foll[$4--,h4 ,h4 #af #8,%aksp]e is pref]able1 z--,! ,new ,%aksp]e ,society4'--,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 7,b ! ,cl>5don ,press is already committ$ to ! m ext5d$ spell+4--,h4 ,h47 #ag ,! #8sycomore' ( ! ,bible is a diff]5t tree--! fig-mulb]ry4--,h4 ,h4 #ah ,x is g5]ally agre$ t words end+ 9 ll %\ld drop "o l be=e less 7z 9 skilless7 & ly2 b !re is n ! same agreem5t 9 dropp+ an l be=e ness4--,h4 ,h4 #ai #8,b ! bicycle-mak]s h app>5tly adopt$ ! non-etymological tyre4'--,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,"s ,,words ,,end+ ,,9 -,,m5t ,9 words end+ 9 -m5t pr9t ! e :5 x occurs 9 ! prec$+ syllable1 z--abridgem5t1 ackn[l$gem5t1 judgem5t1 lodgem5t4#bj ,b omit ! e 9 developm5t1 envelopm5t1 9 accordance ) ! spell+ ( ! v]bal =ms develop1 envelop4 ,,footnotes3 #bj #8,i prote/ aga9/ ! uns*ol>ly habit ( omitt+ x f 8abridgem5t01 8ackn[l$gem5t01 8judgem5t01 8lodgem5t01--:i* is aga9/ all analogy1 etymology1 & or?oepy1 s9ce else:]e g is h>d 9 ,engli% :5 n foll[$ by e or i4 ,i ?9k ! ,univ]sity ,press ought to set a s*ol>ly example1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! ignorant to d ill1 = ! sake ( sav+ f\r e's4 ,! ^w 8judgem5t0 has be5 spelt 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion correctly4'--,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,hyph5$ ,,& ,,non-,,hyph5$ ,,words#ba ,! hyph5 ne$ n1 z a rule1 be us$ to jo9 an adv]b to ! adjective :i* x qualifies3 z 9-- a beautifully furni%$ h\se1 a well calculat$ s*eme4 ,:5 ! ^w might n at once be recogniz$ z an adv]b1 use ! hyph53 z-- a well-kn[n /atesman1 an ill-built h\se1 a new-f\nd c\ntry1 ! be/-kn[n prov]b1 a good-siz$ room4 ,:5 an adv]b qualifies a pr$icate1 ! hyph5 %\ld n be us$3 z-- ?is fact is well kn[n4 ,:]e ei!r 7#a7 a n\n & adjective or p>ticiple1 or 7#b7 an adjective & a n\n1 9 comb9ation1 are us$ z a comp\nd adjective1 ! hyph5 %\ld be us$3 a pov]ty-/rick5 family1 a blood-r$ h&1 a n9ete5?-c5tury inv5tion4 ,a comp\nd n\n :i* has b "o acc5t1 & f famili> use has become "o ^w1 requires no hyph54 ,examples3 blckbird b"n b^w hirbru% hirdress] hirp9 hndbook hndk]*ief mntelpiece nwadays s*olboy s*olgirl seport tapot tr*light up/irs wt*case :elb>r[ ,! foll[+ %\ld also be pr9t$ z "o ^w3 agl[ anybody anyh[ any?+ any:]e b$room *ildb$ coeval coexi/ coext5sive coheir cornfield d[nhill d[n/airs ev]more ev]yday 7z adj47 ev]y?+ ev]yway 7adv]b7 ev]y:]e eyewitness fairyl& fa!rl& footsore foot/ep fre%wat] 7z adj47 godlike goodwill h>ebell hopscot* horse%oe indoor ladylike lambsk9 lifetime maybe meantime mean:ile midday mo!rl& newfangl$ noonday (fpr9t (fsaddle (f%oot onru% outdoor ov]leaf ov]sea p]c5tage reappe> reimburse re9/ate reop5 seawe$ selfsame uphill wellnigh widespread wrongdo+ zigzag ,comp\nd words ( m ?an "o acc5t1 z--pple-tre1 *rry-pe1 grvel-wlk1 wll-o'-!-wisp1 z well z o!rs :i* foll[1 require hyph5s3 aide-de-camp air-man air-%ip a-kimbo alms-h\se arm-*air battle-field bird-cage bi-weekly by-law by-way *ild-bir? come-at-able common-s5se 7z adj47 co-adju/ co-decl9ation co-op]ate co-ord9ate c\rt-pla/] c\s9-g]man dea?-b$ dea?-rate d+-dong dumb-bell e>-r+s f>m-h\se f>m-y>d fir/-h& foot-note foot-/one foot-/ool free-w get-at-able good-bye good-day good-hum\r$ good-natur$ guide-book gutta-p]*a half-cr[n half-doz5 half-h\r half-way h&y-man h>ve/-field head-dress head-=emo/ head-qu>t]s hey-day high-fly] hill-side hill-top ho>-fro/ hob-a-nob h\r-glass hymn-book ill-fat$ india-rubb] jaw-bone key-note knick-knack life-l look+-glass man-(-w> nev]-end+ new-built new-com] new-m[n note-book note-pap] (f-h& (t-times "o-&-tw5ty "o-eigh? ore-we$ out-&-out out-(-date out-(-door ov]-glad pre-em95t qu>t]-day race-c\rse re-b\nd#bb 7z a book7 re-cov] 7a *air7 re-ent] re-=m 7=m aga97 roll+-p9 sea-breeze sea-%ore second-h& small-pox son-9-law />t+-po9t /ep-fa!r su*-l table-l& text-book title-de$s title-page to-day top-ma/ topsy-turvy up-to-date#bc wat]-c\rse week-day ye>-book ,half an in*1 half a doz51 c41 require no hyph5s4 ,pr9t ! foll[+ also )\t hyph5s3 any "o ca/ iron common s5se 7adj4 & n\n toge!r7 c\rt m>tial d>e say easy *air e "o fell[ m5 = ev] good hum\r good nature good night head ma/]#bd high prie/ high road ill heal? ill luck ill nature no "o plum pudd+ po/ (fice rev5ue (fice "s "o union jack ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,footnotes3 #ba ,see ,ox=d ,dict41 ,vol4 ,i1 page xiii1 art4 #8,comb9ations'1 :]e ,sir ,james ,murray writes3 #8,9 _m comb9ations ! hyph5 becomes an expression ( unification ( s5se4 ,:5 ?is unification & specialization has proce$$ s f> t we no long] analyse ! comb9ation into its elem5ts1 b take x 9 z a :ole1 z 9 blackb]ry1 po/man1 newspap]1 pron\nc+ x 9 spee* ) a s+le acc5t1 ! hyph5 is usually omitt$1 & ! fully develop$ comp\nd is writt5 z a s+le ^w4 ,b z ?is also is a "q ( degree1 !re are necess>ily _m comp\nds z to :i* usage has n yet det]m9$ :e!r !y are to be writt5 ) ! hyph5 or z s+le words4' ,& aga91 9 ,! ,s*oolma/]s' ,ye>-book = #aijc ,sir ,james ,murray writes3 #8,!re is no rule1 propriety1 or cons5sus ( usage 9 ,engli% = ! use or abs5ce ( ! hyph51 except 9 cases :]e gramm> or s5se is conc]n$2 z 9 a day well rememb]$1 b a well-rememb]$ day1 ! sea ( a deep gre51 a deep-gre5 sea1 a baby little expect$1 a little-expect$ baby1 n a deep gre5 sea1 a little expect$ baby4444 ,avoid ,headma/]1 because ?is implies "o /ress1 ,hadma/]1 & w\ld analogically mean 8ma/] ( heads01 l s*oolma/]1 ironma/]4444 ,( c\rse ! hyph5 comes 9 at once 9 comb9ations & d]ivatives1 z head-ma/]%ip4' #bb #8,! hyph5 is (t5 us$ :5 a writ] wi%es to m>k ! fact t he is us+ n a well-kn[n comp\nd v]b1 b re- z a liv+ prefix atta*$ to a simple v]b 7re-pair pair aga972 also usually be=e e 7re-em]ge71 & sometimes be=e o!r v[els 7re-assure1 usually reassure72 also :5 ! idea ( repetition is to be emphasiz$1 especially 9 su* phrases z make & re-make4'--,! ,concise ,ox=d ,diction>y 7#aiaa71 p4 #fid4 #bc ,z1 up-to-date records2 b pr9t #8! records are up to date'4--,h4 ,h4 #bd ,see note on page #be4 ,,d\bl+ ,,consonants ,,) ,,suffixes ,words ( "o syllable1 end+ ) "o consonant prec$$ by "o v[el1 d\ble t consonant on add+ -ed or -+3 e4g4 drop dropp$ dropp+ fit fitt$ fitt+ /op /opp$ /opp+ ,words ( m ?an "o syllable1 end+ ) "o consonant prec$$ by "o v[el1 & acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 d\ble t consonant on add+ -ed or -+3 e4g4 allot allott$ allott+ commit committ$ committ+ inf] inf]r$ inf]r+ trepan trepann$ trepann+ ,b words ( ?is class n acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 d n d\ble ! la/ consonant#be on add+ -ed1 -+3 e4g4 ballot$1 -+ banquet$1 -+ bayonet$1 -+ b5efit$1 -+ bias$1 -+ billet$1 -+ bi%op$1 -+ blanket$1 -+ bonnet$1 -+ bracket$1 -+ buffet$1 -+ c>pet$1 -+ *irrup$1 -+ combat$1 -+ cricket+ cro*et$1 -+ crot*et$1 -+1 -y discomfit$1 -+ docket$1 -+ facet$1 -+ f]ret$1 -+ fidget$1 -+1 -y fillet$1 -+ fillip$1 -+ focus$1 -+ gallop$1 -+ gibbet$1 -+ gossip$1 -+1 -y initial$1 -+ junket$1 -+ m>ket$1 -+ packet$1 -+ p>allel$1 -+ pellet$1 -+ picket$1 -+ pilot$1 -+ pr(it$1 -+ rabbet$1 -+ rabbit+ rickety rivet$1 -+ russet$1 -+1 -y scollop$1 -+ t5nis+ tr9ket$1 -+ tr\s]$1 -+ trumpet$1 -+ velvety visit$1 -+ wa9scot$1 -+ ,9 words end+ 9 -l1 ! f9al consonant is g5]ally d\bl$1 :e!r acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable or n3 e4 g4 annull$1 -+ appall$1 -+ app>ell$1 -+ b>rell$ be?rall$1 -+ caball$1 -+ *annell$1 -+ compell$1 -+ cudgell$1 -+ di%evell$1 -+ empanell$1 -+ extoll$1 -+ =e/all$1 -+ grovell$1 -+ impell$1 -+ in/all$1 -+ k5nell$1 -+ levell$1 -+ libell$1 -+ m>%all$1 -+ p>cell$1 -+ qu>rell$1 -+ revell$1 -+ rivall$1 -+ %ovell$1 -+ trammell$1 -+ travell$1 -+ tunnell$1 -+ ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,footnotes3 #be #8,we mu/1 h[ev]1 /ill except ! words end+ 9 -el1 z levell$1 -er1 -+2 travell$1 -er1 -+2 & also wor%ipp$1 -er1 -+4'--,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,plurals ,,9 ,,words ,,( ,,=eign ,,orig9 ,plurals ( n\ns tak5 into ,engli% f o!r languages sometimes foll[ ! laws ( inflexion ( ^? languages4 ,b (t51 9 non-te*nical works1 additional =ms are us$1 con/ruct$ aft] ! ,engli% mann]4 ,pr9t z bel[1 9 cases :]e ! au?or does n object4 ,9 sci5tific works ! sci5tific me?od mu/ ( c\rse prevail3 ,,s+4 add5dum ,,pl4 add5da#bf alkali alkalis alumnus alumni amanu5sis amanu5ses analysis analyses animalculum animalcula anti!sis anti!ses apex apices app5dix app5dices arcanum arcana automaton automata axis axes b&it b&itti basis bases beau beaux bron*us bron*i calculus calculi calix calices *rysalis *rysalises coagulum coagula corrig5dum corrig5da#bf cortex cortices crisis crises crit]ion crit]ia datum data desid]atum desid]ata dilettante dilettanti effluvium effluvia el5*us el5*i ellipsis ellipses ephem]a ephem]ae epi?alamium epi?alamia equ9ox equ9oxes erratum errata focus focuses 7fam47 =mula =mulae fungus fungi g5ius g5iuses#bg 7mean+ a p]son or p]sons ( g5ius7 g5us g5]a helix helices hypo!sis hypo!ses ignis fatuus ignes fatui index indexes#bh iris irises lam9a lam9ae l>va l>vae lemma lemmas#bi libretto libretti matrix matrices maximum maxima m$ium m$iums 7fam47 memor&um memor&ums#cj 7mean+ a writt5 note or notes7 metamorphosis metamorphoses miasma miasmata m9imum m9ima nebula nebulae nucleus nuclei oasis oases papilla papillae p>5!sis p>5!ses p>helion p>helia ph5om5on ph5om5a radius radii radix radices sanatorium sanatoria s*olium s*olia spectrum spectra speculum specula /am5 /am5s /imulus /imuli /ratum /rata synopsis synopses t]m9us t]m9i !sis !ses virtuoso virtuosi volsella volsellae vortex vortexes 7fam47 ,,footnotes3 #bf ,see ref]5ce to ^! words = ano!r purpose on p4 #cc4--;,h4 ,h4 #bg ,g5ius1 9 ! s5se ( a tutel>y _s1 mu/ ( c\rse h ! plural g5ii4--,h4 ,h4 #bh ,9 s*ol>ly works1 indices is (t5 pref]r$1 & 9 ! ma!matical s5se mu/ always be us$4--,h4 ,h4 #bi ,b lemmata 9 botany or embryology4--,h4,h4 #cj ,b 9 a collective or special s5se we mu/ pr9t memor&a4--,h4 ,h4 ,,errata1 ,,erratum ,d n be guilty ( ! absurd mi/ake ( pr9t+ #8,errata' z a head+ = a s+le correction4 ,:5 a li/ ( errors has be5 dealt )1 by pr9t+ cancel pages & o!rwise1 s t only "o error rema9s1 take c>e to alt] ! head+ f #8,errata' to #8,erratum'4 ,! same rem>ks apply to ,add5da & ,add5dum1 ,corrig5da & ,corrig5dum4 ,,plurals ,,( ,,n\ns ,,end+ ,,9 -,o ,! plurals ( n\ns end+ 9 -o1 ow+ to ! abs5ce ( any settl$ sy/em1 are (t5 confus+4 ,! ,concise ,ox=d ,diction>y says 7p4 vi73 #8,x may p]haps be laid d[n t on ! "o h& words ( :i* ! plural is v commonly us$1 z potato1 h almo/ inv>iably -oes1 & on ! o!r h& words /ill felt to be =eign or ( abnormal =m1 z soprano1 *romo1 h almo/ inv>iably -os4' ,! foll[+ is a %ort li/1 %[+ spell+s pref]r$3 altos banjos buffaloes calicoes cantos c>goes c5tos *romos curios duodecimos electros e*oes emb>goes haloes h]oes manife/oes mosquitoes mottoes negroes octavos porticoes potatoes provisos qu>tos ratios solos sopranos tiros tomatoes volcanoes ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,=eign ,,words ,,phrases ,,:5 ,,to ,,be ,,set ,,9 ,,roman ,,& ,,:5 ,,9 ,,italic ,pr9t ! foll[+ angliciz$ words 9 roman type3 aide-de-camp al fresco alibi propos aurora borealis beau idal bzique biz>re bona fide b\quet bravos bric--brac bullet9 caf c>te-de-visite *>g d'affaires *auffeur *i>oscuro cli* connoisseur cul-de-sac dbris db dpt#ca dt\r di>rhoea dilettante dramatis p]sonae clat employ#cb ennui entre entrept etiquette#cc facsimile fte fleur-de-lis g>age gratis habeas corpus hors-d'uvre innu5do1 -es leve littrateur litt]ati manuvre m5u morale nave omnibus papi] m* p] annum p]sonnel po/-mortem 7adj4 & n47 po/e re/ante prcis pre/ige prima facie procs-v]bal protg prov5ance rgime r5dezv\s#cd rle sabotage savants s]aglio sobriquet soire v]sus via vice v]sa virtuoso viva voce ,zollv]e9 ,! foll[+ to be pr9t$ 9 italic3 ab extra ab orig9e ad nauseam ad valorem a =tiori am5de honorable am\r propre anci5 rgime anglice a priori au c\rant au revoir bte noire billet d\x bonhomie bon ton b\rgeoisie c>te blan*e casus belli *ef-d'uvre *evaux de frise con amore confrre cortge#ce c\p d'tat c\p de grce c\p de ma9 c\p d'il dbcle dn\em5t de quoi vivre d%abill dition de luxe lan lite en bloc en masse en passant en rapport en r\te ent5te cordiale esprit de corps ex ca!dra ex (ficio 7adv4 & adj47 ex p>te 7adv4 & adj47 facile pr9ceps factum e/ felo de se g>on gr& monde habitu hors de combat imprimis 9 cam]a 9 propria p]sona jeu d'esprit laiss]-faire lapsus l+uae lse-maje/ mle mise en scne modus op]&i m suo multum 9 p>vo navet ne nem9e contradic5te ne plus ultra noblesse oblige nol5s vol5s non e/ p> excell5ce p>i passu p] contra pice de rsi/ance plbiscite pro =ma pro tempore raison d'tre rappro*em5t r*auff rp]toire rsum sang-froid sans crmonie sans-culotte s9e qua non sotto voce sub rosa tabula rasa tte tte 7adv47 tte--tte 7n\n7 t\r de =ce vis--vis ,! mod]n practice is to omit acc5ts f ,lat9 words4 ,= fur!r directions z to ! use ( italic 9 =eign words & phrases see pp4 #ej-a4 ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,footnotes3 #ca ,= ?is & ne>ly all simil> words1 ! prop] acc5ts are to be us$1 :e!r ! =eign words be angliciz$ or n4--,h4 ,h4 #cb ,employee is m legitimate :5 x is us$ 9 contra/ ) ! ,engli% ^w employ]4--,h4 ,h4 #cc ,omit ! acc5t f tiquette4--,h4 ,h4 #cd ,omit ! hyph5 f r5dez-v\s4--,h4 ,h4 #ce ,= a /atem5t z to ?is & o!r ,fr5* words n[ pr9t$ ) a grave acc5t1 see pp4 #gh-i4--;,h4 ,h4 ,,spell+s ,,( ,,fifte5? ,,to ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,,writ]s ,:5 x is necess>y to reproduce ! spell+s & pr9t$ =ms ( old writ]s ! foll[+ rules %\ld be obs]v$3 ,initial u is pr9t$ v1 z 9 vnd]/&e4 ,also 9 su* comb9ations z :]evpon4 ,m$ial v is pr9t$ u1 z 9 haue1 eu]4 ,initial & m$ial j are pr9t$ i1 z 9 ieal\sie1 iniurie4 ,9 capitals ! ,u is non-exi/5t1 & %\ld always be pr9t$ ) a ,v1 initially & m$ially1 z ,,vniv]sity1 ,,favlconrie4 ,9 ye & yt ! second lett] %\ld be a sup]ior1 & )\t a full po9t4 ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,phonetic ,,spell+s ,"s newspap]s pr9t phonetic spell+s1 su* z program1 hight 7to describe altitude71 catalog1 c4 ,b ! practice has insuffici5t au?ority1 & c be foll[$ only by special direction4 ,a ,,or ,,an a ,european a ewe a ew] a h]b a h]bal a h]oic a hospital a humble a unanim\s a uni=m a union a unique a univ]sal a univ]sity a useful a usurp] an habitual#cf an heir an heirloom an hi/orical#cf an hone/ an hon\r an hotel an h\r ,pr9t a1 n an1 be=e contractions beg9n+ ) a consonant3 e4g4 a ,l4,c4,c4 case1 a ,,ms4 v]sion4 ,,footnotes3 #cf ,?is is 9 accordance ) :at seems to be ! prepond]ance ( mod]n usage4 ,orig9ally ! cov] ( ,! ,ox=d ,diction>y _h #8a hi/orical'1 & ! :ole "q w be f\nd fully treat$ 9 t "w1 arts4 ,a1 ,an1 & ,h4--,h4 ,h4 ,o ,,& ,,oh ,:5 us$ 9 address+ p]sons or ?+s ! vocative #8,o' is pr9t$ ) a capital & )\t any po9t foll[+ x2 e4g4 #8,o mighty ,caes>6 do/ ?\ lie s l['2 #8,o _w6 ?\ wa/ ! =e/ to ?is h>t'2 #8,o mo/ bloody sight6' ,simil>ly1 #8,o ,"l'1 #8,o ,god'1 #8,o sir'4 ,b :5 n us$ 9 ! vocative1 ! spell+ %\ld be #8,oh'1 & sep>at$ f :at foll[s by a punctuation m>k2 e4g4 #8,oh1 p>don me1 ?\ ble$+ piece ( e>?'2 #8,= if y %\ld1 oh6 :at w\ld become ( x8' ,,nor ,,& ,,or ,pr9t3 7#a7 ,nei!r "o nor ! o!r2 nei!r ,jew nor ,greek2 nei!r ,pet] nor ,james4 7#b7 ,ei!r "o or ! o!r2 ei!r ,jew or ,greek2 ei!r ,pet] or ,james4 ,nev] pr9t3 ,nei!r "o or ! o!r2 nei!r ,pet] or ,james2--b :5 ! s5t5ce is cont9u$ to a fur!r comp>ison1 nor & or mu/ be pr9t$ 79 ! cont9uation7 accord+ to ! s5se4#cg ,likewise note t ! v]b %\ld be 9 ! s+ul>1 z #8,nei!r ,ox=d nor ,read+ is /at$ to h be5 repres5t$'4 ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,footnotes3 #cg ,! necessity ( giv+ /rict att5tion to ?is rule 0 once exemplifi$ 9 my exp]i5ce1 :5 ! pr9t+ ( a f9e qu>to 0 pass+ ?r\gh my h&s 9 #ahhb4 ,! au?or desir$ to say 9 ! preface1 #8,! writ] nei!r d>es nor desires to claim = x ! dignity or cumb] x ) ! difficulty ( an hi/orical novel' 7,lorna ,doone1 by ,r4 ,d4 ,blackmore1 #dto1 #ahhc74 ,! pr9t]'s read] ins]t$ a lett] n be=e ! or2 ! au?or delet$ ! n1 & ?\ght he _h got rid ( x2 b at ! la/ mom5t ! press read] ins]t$ x aga92 & ! ^w 0 pr9t$ z nor1 to ! exasp]ation ( ! au?or1 :o did n m9ce 8 words :5 he f\nd out :at _h happ5$4--,h4 ,h4 ,,v[el-,,ligatures#ch 7 ,,& 7 ,! comb9ations ae & oe %\ld ea* be pr9t$ z two lett]s 9 ,lat9 & ,greek words1 e4g4 ,a5eid1 ,aes*ylus1 ,caes>1 ,o$ipus2 & 9 ,engli%1 z m$iaeval1 pho5ix4 ,b 9 ,old-,engli% & 9 ,fr5* words use ! ligatures 1 1 z lfr$1 ,cdmon1 manuvre4 ,,contractions ,,note4--,"s abbreviations ( ,lat9 words su* z ad loc41 c41 to be set 9 roman1 are %[n on page #ea4 ,names ( ! books ( ! ,bible z abbreviat$ :]e necess>y3 ,old ,te/am5t4 ,g54 ,exod4 ,lev4 ,num4 ,deut4 ,jo%ua ,judges ,ru? #a ,sam4 #b ,sam4 #a ,k+s #b ,k+s #a ,*ron4 #b ,*ron4 ,ezra ,neh4 ,e/h] ,job ,ps4 ,prov4 ,eccles4 ,song ( ,sol4 ,isa4 ,j]4 ,lam4 ,ezek4 ,dan4 ,hos4 ,joel ,amos ,obad4 ,jonah ,mic4 ,nahum ,hab4 ,zeph4 ,hag4 ,ze*4 ,mal4 ,new ,te/am5t4 ,matt4 ,m>k ,luke ,john ,acts ,rom4 #a ,cor4 #b ,cor4 ,gal4 ,eph4 ,phil4 ,col4 #a ,!ss4 #b ,!ss4 #a ,tim4 #b ,tim4 ,titus ,philem4 ,heb4 ,jas4 #a ,pet4 #b ,pet4 #a ,john #b ,john #c ,john ,jude ,rev4 ,apocrypha4 #a ,esdras #b ,esdras ,tobit ,judi? ,re/ ( ,e/h4 ,wisd4 ( ,sol4 ,ecclus4 ,b>u* ,song ( ,?ree ,*ildr4 ,susanna ,bel & ,dragon ,pr4 ( ,manasses #a ,macc4 #b ,macc4 ,abbreviate ! names ( ! mon?s3 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sept4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,:]e ! "n ( a c\nty is abbreviat$1 z ,yorks41 ,cambs41 ,b]ks41 ,oxon41 use a full po9t2 b pr9t ,hants 7no full po9t7 because x is n a mod]n abbreviation4 #dto1 #hvo1 #abmo1#ci c4 7sizes ( books71 are symbols1 & %\ld h no full po9t4 ,a p>allel case is t ( #a/1 #bnd1 #crd1 & s on1 :i* also ne$ no full po9ts4 ,pr9t lb4 = bo? s+4 & pl42 n lbs4 ,also omit ! plural -s 9 ! foll[+3 cm41 cwt41 dwt41 gr41 grm41 941 m941 mm41 oz4 ,:5 beg9n+ a footnote1 ! abbreviations e4g41 i4e41 p4 or pp41 & s on1 to be all 9 l[]-case4 ,use ,,etc4 9 a cap4 l9e & ,,etc4 9 a small cap4 l9e :]e an amp]s& 77 w n range4 ,o!rwise pr9t c42 & ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co42 ) no comma be=e amp]s& 9 ! "n ( a firm4 ,pr9t ! symbolic lett]s ,i ,o ,u1 )\t full po9ts4 ,! po9ts ( ! compass1 ,n4 ,e4 ,s4 ,w41 :5 sep>ately us$1 to h a full po9t3 b pr9t ,,ne41 ,,nnw4 ,^! lett]s to be us$ only 9 geographical or simil> matt]3 d n1 ev5 if ,n4 is 9 ! copy1 use ! contraction 9 ord9>y composition2 pr9t #8,wood/ock is eight miles nor? ( ,c>fax'4 ,,ms4 manuscript1 ,,mss4 manuscripts1 to be spelt out :5 us$ 9 a g5]al s5se4 ,b 9 pr9t+ bibliographical details1 & 9 ref]5ces to p>ticul> manuscripts1 ! contract$ =ms %\ld be us$2 e4g4 ! ,worce/] ,,ms41 ! ,h>leian ,,mss41 ,add4 ,,ms4 #befdb4 ,pr9t ,,ps4 7n ,p4,s47 = po/script or po/scriptum2 ,,mm4 7messieurs71 ,,ss4 n ,s4,s4 7/eam%ip72 b ,h4,m4,s4 7,8 ,maje/y's ,%ip72 ,h4,r4,h42 ,i4,w4 7,isle ( ,wight72 ,n4,b41 ,q4,e4,d41 & ,r4,s4,v4,p41 because m ?an "o ^w is contract$4 ,pr9t ,,me4 & ,,oe4 9 philological works = ,middle ,engli% & ,old ,engli%4 ,:5 an au?or pref]s ,m4,e41 ,o4,e41 d n put a space betwe5 ! lett]s4 ,abbreviations ( titles1 su* z ,m4,p41 ,d4,d41 ,m4,a41 or ( occupations or p>ties1 su* z ,i4,c4,s41 ,i4,l4,p41 to h no space betwe5 ! lett]s4 ,:5 titles ( books are repres5t$ by initials1 put a ?9 space only betwe5 ea* lett]2 e4g4 ,j4 ,t4 ,s41 ,s4 ,b4 ,e4 ,mr41 ,mrs41 ,dr41 c4 mu/ be pr9t$ ) a full po9t1 b n ,mme1 ,mlle4 ,9 pr9t+ ,s4 or ,/4 = ,sa9t1 ! compositor mu/ be guid$ by ! manuscript4 ,ord9>ily ,/4 %\ld be us$1 b if ,s4 is consi/5tly writt5 ?is mu/ be assum$ z ! =m 9 :i* ! au?or wi%es x pr9t$4 ,pr9t ,bt4 = ,b>onet1 & ,kt4 = ,knight4 ,apo/rophes 9 simil> abbreviations to ! foll[+ %\ld jo9 close up to ! lett]s--don't1 'em1 hav5't1 o'er1 %an't1 %\ldn't1 'tis1 won't1 !re'll1 ,i'd1 ,i'll1 we'll4#dj ,an apo/rophe %\ld n be us$ ) h]s1 ours1 !irs1 y\rs4 ,apo/rophes 9 ,place-,names4#da--a4 ,use an apo/rophe aft] ! #8s' 9 ,que5s' ,college 7,cambs474 ,b #b4 ,use an apo/rophe be=e ! #8s' 9 ,connah's ,quay 7,fl9ts471 ,hunt]'s ,quay 7,n4,b471 ,orme's ,head 7,c>n471 ,que5's ,coll4 7,oxon471 ,/4 ,abb's ,head 7,n4,b471 ,/4 ,john's 7,newf\ndl&71 ,/4 ,john's ,wood 7,london71 ,/4 ,m>y's ,lo* 7,n4,b471 ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt 7,cornwall71 ,/4 ,mungo's ,well 7,kn>esboro'71 ,/4 ,pet]'s 7,sydney1 ,n4,s4,w474 #c4 ,d n use an apo/rophe 9--,all ,s\ls 7,oxon471 ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 ,husb&s ,boswor? 7,rugby71 ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity 7,u4,s4,a471 ,mill]s ,dale 7,d]by71 ,ow5s ,college 7,man*e/]71 ,/4 ,albans1 ,/4 ,&rews1 ,/4 ,bees1 ,/4 ,boswells1 ,/4 ,davids1 ,/4 ,hel5s 7,lancs41 & di/rict 9 ,london71 ,/4 ,heli]s 7,j]sey71 ,/4 ,ives 7,hunts4 & ,cornwall71 ,/4 ,kitts 7,/4 ,*ri/oph] ,isl&1 ,w4,i471 ,/4 ,leon>ds1 ,/4 ,neots 7,hunts41 b ,/4 ,neot1 ,cornwall71 ,som]s ,t[n 7,london74 ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,footnotes3 #ch ,! sep>ately writt5 oe1 ae are #8digraphs'1 because ! s\nds !y repres5t are 9 mod]n pronunciation n diph?ongs1 ?\gh !y 7 su* 9 classical ,lat92 b *1 ph1 % are also digraphs4 1 1 1 1 are r s+le lett]s ?an digraphs1 ?\gh !y might be call$ ligatur$ digraphs4--,h4 ,b4 #ci ,to ju/ify ! use 9 ord9>y pr9t+ ( ^! symbols 7z aga9/ ! use ( #do1 #ho1 #abo1 a prevail+ ,fr5* fa%ion :i* is pref]r$ by "s writ]s71 x may suffice to say t ! ablative cases ( ! ord9al numb]s qu>tus1 octavus1 duodecimus1 namely qu>to1 octavo1 duodecimo1 are accord+ to popul> usage repres5t$ by ! =ms or symbols #dto1 #hvo1 #abmo2 j z by ! same usage we pr9t #a/ & #bnd z =ms or symbols ( ! ,engli% words fir/ & second4--,h4 ,h4 #dj ,see page #di = an exception to ?is rule4 #da ,! selection is arbitr>y2 b ! examples are giv5 on ! au?ority ( ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity & ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,cal5d>s1 ! ,po/ ,(fice ,guide1 ,b>?olomew's ,gazette]1 ,brad%aw's ,railway ,guide1 ,crock=d's ,cl]ical ,directory1 ,kei? ,john/on's ,gazette]1 & ,/ubbs's ,hotel ,guide4 ,,poetry ,words end+ 9 -ed are to be spelt s 9 all cases2 & ) a grave acc5t :5 ! syllable is sep>ately pron\nc$1 ?us--d4 7'd is n to be us$47 ,?is applies to poetical quotations introduc$ into prose matt]1 & to new works4 ,x mu/ n apply to repr9ts ( /&>d au?ors1 nor to quotations 9 works :i* reproduce old spell+s1 c4 ,:5ev] a poetic quotation1 :e!r 9 ! same type z ! text or n1 is giv5 a l9e 7or m7 to itself1 x is n to be plac$ )9 quotation m>ks2 b :5 ! l9e ( poetry runs on ) ! prose !n quotation m>ks are to be us$4 ,on spac+ poetry1 see p4 #di4 ,,capital ,,lett]s ,avoid beg9n+ words ) capitals z mu* z possible2 b use !m 9 ! foll[+ & simil> cases3 ,act1 :5 ref]r+ to ,act ( ,p>liam5t or ,acts ( a play2 also 9 ,bapti/1 ,*ri/ian1 ,noncon=mi/1 ,presbyt]ian1 ,puritan1 ,lib]al1 ,cons]vative1 & all d5om9ational t]ms & names ( p>ties4 ,8 ,maje/y1 ,h] ,royal ,highness1 c4 ,! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 ,bi%op ( ,ox=d1 ,sir ,rog] ,ti*borne1 c4 ,briti% ,army1 ,g]man ,navy4 ,*ri/mas ,day1 ,lady ,day1 c4 ,d>k ,ages1 ,middle ,ages4 ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,p>liam5t1 c4 ,gov]nm5t1 ,cab9et1 ,speak]4 ,9 geography3 ,sun1 ,e>?1 ,equator1 ! ,cont95t4 ,9 geological names3 ,upp] ,gre5s&1 ,london ,clay1 ,t]ti>y1 ,lias1 c4 ,9 names ( /reets1 roads1 c41 z--,*&os ,/reet1 ,trafalg> ,squ>e1 ,k+/on ,road1 ,addison's ,walk1 ,norreys ,av5ue4 ,figure1 ,numb]1 ,plate 7,fig41 ,no41 ,pl471 %\ld ea* beg9 ) a capital1 :e!r contract$ or n1 unless special in/ructions are giv5 to ! contr>y4 ,pron\ns ref]r+ to ! ,deity %\ld beg9 ) capitals--,he1 ,him1 ,81 ,me1 ,m9e1 ,my1 ,!e1 ,?9e1 ,?\2 b pr9t--:o1 :om1 & ^:4 ,also capitalize ! less common adjectives d]iv$ f prop] names2 e4g4 ,hom]ic1 ,platonic4 ,,l[]-,,case ,,initials ,,= ,,angliciz$ ,,words1 ,,etc4 *ri/ianize1 fr5*ifi$1 h]culean1 italic1 laconic1 lat9ize1 puritanic1 quixotic1 roman1 satanic1 tantalize1 vulcanize4 ,also = ! m common words d]iv$ f prop] names1 z--boycott1 doily1 gu]nsey1 hackney1 hansom-cab1 holl&1 inv]ness1 japann+1 lat9ity1 may 7blossom71 morocco1 russia1 /epney-:eel4 ,:5 #8,9 ! press' occurs 9 publi%]s' ann\ncem5ts1 pr9t #8press' ) a l[]-case initial4 ,,small ,,capitals ,put a hair space betwe5 ! lett]s ( contractions 9 small capitals3 ,a4,u4,c4 ,anno urbis conditae ,a4,d4 ,anno ,dom9i ,a4,h4 ,anno ,hegirae ,a4,m4 ,anno mundi ,b4,c4 ,be=e ,*ri/4 a4m4#db 7ante m]idiem71 p4m4#db 7po/ m]idiem71 %\ld be l[]-case1 except 9 l9es ( caps4 or small caps4 ,:5 small caps1 are us$ at foot ( title-page1 pr9t ?us3 ,m ,,dcccc ,,iv#dc ,text ref]5ces to caps4 9 plates & woodcuts to be 9 small caps4 ,! fir/ ^w 9 ea* *apt] ( a book is to be 9 small caps4 & ! fir/ l9e usually ind5t$ "o em2 b ?is does n apply to works 9 :i* ! matt] is brok5 up into _m sections1 nor to cases :]e l>ge initials are us$4 7,see p4 #ej z to ind5tation47 ,,footnotes3 #db ,x is a common error to suppose t ^! initials /& = ante-m]idian & po/-m]idian4 ,?us1 ,*>les ,dick5s repres5ts "o ( 8 *>act]s 9 ,pickwick z say+ #8,curi\s circum/ance ab\t ^? initials1 sir1' said ,mr4 ,magnus4 #8,y w obs]ve--,p4,m4--po/ m]idian4 ,9 ha/y notes to intimate acqua9tance1 ,i sometimes sign myself 8,aft]noon04 ,x amuses my fri5ds v mu*1 ,mr4 ,pickwick4'--,,dick5s1 ,pickwick ,pap]s1 p4 #cfg4 ,ox=d edit41 #aijc4--;,h4 ,h4 #dc #8,or bett] ,m ,,cm ,,iv'--,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,special ,,signs ,,or ,,symbols ,! signs 7plus71 - 7m9us71 7equal to71 7#8l>g] ?an'1 9 etymology signify+ #8gives' or #8has giv5'71 7#8small] ?an'1 9 etymology signify+ #8d]iv$ f'71 are n[ (t5 us$ 9 pr9t+ ord9>y sci5tific works1 & n 9 ^? only :i* are ma!matical or ari?metical4 ,9 su* in/ances 1 -1 1 1 1 %\ld 9 ! matt] ( spac+ be treat$ z words are treat$4 ,= in/ance1 9-- spectabilis1 ,brl4 l4 c4 7 ,haasia spectabilis7 ! belongs to #8spectabilis' z mu* z to #8,haasia'1 & ! sign %\ld n be put close to #8,haasia'4 ,a ?9 space only %\ld be us$4 ,9 ,philological works an a/]isk 99 prefix$ to a ^w signifies a recon/ruct$ =m1 & mu/ be s pr9t$2 a dagg] signifies an obsolete ^w4 ,! latt] sign1 plac$ be=e a p]son's "n1 signifies deceas$4 ,9 ,m$ical books ! =mulae are set 9 l[]-case lett]s1 j be+ us$ = i bo? s+ly & 9 ! f9al lett]1 e4g4 gr4j 7"o gra971 viij 7eight ounces71 iij 7?ree dra*ms71 iij 7?ree scruples71 iiij 7f\r m9ims74 ,,spac+ ,spac+ ought to be ev54 ,p>agraphs are n to be widely spac$ = ! sake ( mak+ breakl9es4 ,:5 ! la/ l9e b "o ( a p>agraph is widely spac$ & ! fir/ l9e ( ! next p>agraph is m ?an ?ick-spac$1 extra spaces %\ld be us$ betwe5 ! words 9 ! int]m$iate breakl9e4 ,su* spaces %\ld n exce$ en quads1 nor be increas$ if by s do+ ! l9e w\ld be driv5 full out4 ,9 g5]al1 close spac+ is to be pref]r$2 b ?is mu/ be regulat$ proportionately to ! mann] 9 :i* a "w is lead$4 ,breakl9es %\ld consi/ ( m ?an five lett]s1 except 9 n>r[ measures4 ,b take c>e t bad spac+ is n !reby necessitat$4 ,poetical quotations1 & poetry g5]ally :5 9 wide measure1 %\ld be spac$ ) en quadrats4 ,b ?is mu/ n be appli$ to repr9ts ( sixte5? & sev5te5? c5tury books3 9 su* cases a ?ick space only %\ld be us$4 ,avoid 7especially 9 full measures7 pr9t+ at ! ends ( l9es--a1 l41 ll41 p4 or pp41 ,i 7:5 a pron\n74 ,capt41 ,dr41 ,esq41 ,mr41 ,rev41 ,/41 & s on1 %\ld n be sep>at$ f names2 nor %\ld initials be divid$3 e4g4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,glad/one2 n ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,glad/one4 ,?9 spaces be=e apo/rophes1 e4g4 t's 7= #8t is'71 boy's 7= #8boy is'71 to di/+ui% abbreviations f ! possessive case4 ,9 ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,italian1 :5 a v[el is omitt$ at ! end ( a ^w 7d5ot$ by an apo/rophe71 put a space be=e ! ^w :i* imm$iately foll[s4 ,hair spaces to be plac$ betwe5 l[]-case contractions1 z 9 e4g41 i4e41 q4v4 ,ind5tation ( fir/ l9es ( p>agraphs %\ld be "o em = full measures 9 #hvo & small] books4 ,9 #dto & l>g] books ! ind5tation %\ld be increas$4 ,sub-ind5tation %\ld be proportionate2 & ! rule = all ind5tation is n to drive too f> 94 ,quotations 9 prose1 z a rule1 %\ld n be brok5 (f f ! text unless ! matt] exce$s ?ree l9es4 ,use great c>e 9 spac+ out a page1 & let x n be too op54 ,und]l9es1 :]ev] possible1 to be 9 "o l9e4 ,,italic ,,type ,,note4--,a li/ ( =eign & angliciz$ words & phrases1 %[+ :i* %\ld be pr9t$ 9 roman & :i* 9 italic1 is giv5 on pp4 #ce-g4 ,9 _m works x is n[ common to pr9t titles ( books 9 italic1 in/ead ( 9 inv]t$ commas4 ,?is mu/ be det]m9$ by ! directions giv5 ) ! copy1 b ! practice mu/ be uni=m ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,words or phrases cit$ f =eign languages 7unless angliciz$7 %\ld be 9 italic4 ,%ort extracts f books1 :e!r =eign or ,engli%1 %\ld n be 9 italic b 9 roman 7betwe5 inv]t$ commas1 or o!rwise1 z direct$ on p4 #fc74 ,names ( p]iodicals %\ld be 9 italic4 ,inconsi/5cy is (t5 caus$ by ! prefix ,! be+ sometimes pr9t$ 9 italic1 & sometimes roman4 ,z a rule1 pr9t ! def9ite article 9 roman1 z ! ,/&>d1 ! ,daily ,news4 ,! ,times is to be an exception1 z t newspap] pref]s to h x s4 ,!1 if x is "p ( ! title ( a book1 %\ld also be 9 italic lett]s4 ,pr9t names ( %ips#dd 9 italic4 ,9 ?is case1 pr9t #8!' 9 roman1 z x is (t5 unc]ta9 :e!r #8!' is "p ( ! title or n4 ,= example1 #8! ,k+ ,george'1 #8! ,rev5ge'2 also put o!r prefixes 9 roman1 z #8,h4,m4,s4 ,dreadn\ght'4 ad loc41 cf41 e4g41 et seq41 ib41 ibid41 id41 i4e41 loc4 cit41 q4v41 viz4#de1 n to be 9 italic4 ,pr9t c4 7 circa71 ante1 infra1 passim1 po/1 supra1 c4 ,italic s4 & d4 to be g5]ally us$ to express %ill+s & p5ce2 & ! sign 7except 9 special cases7 to express ! p\nd /]l+4 ,b 9 catalogues & simil> "w ! diagonal sign _/ or #8%ill+-m>k' is sometimes pref]r$ to divide figures repres5t+ %ill+s & p5ce4 ,! same sign is occasionally us$ 9 dates1 z #d_/b_/jd4 ,9 ,ma!matical works1 !orems are usually pr9t$ 9 italic4 ,,footnotes3 #dd ,italiciz+ ! names ( %ips is ?us recogniz$ by ,victor ,hugo3 #8,il l'avait nomm ,dur&e4 ,la ,dur&e1--n\s ne l'appell]ons plus autrem5t4 ,on n\s p]mettra galem5t1 quel que soit l'usage typographique1 de ne po9t s\lign] ce nom ,dur&e1 n\s con=mant en cela la p5se de ,mess ,le?i]ry p\r qui la ,dur&e tait presque une p]sonne4'--,v4 ,,hugo1 ,travailleurs de la m]1 #crd 7#ahff7 edit41 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #abi4--;,h4 ,h4 #de ,?is expression1 al?\gh a symbol r ?an an abbreviation1 mu/ be pr9t$ ) a full po9t aft] ! z4--,h4 ,h4 ,,ref]5ces ,,to ,,au?orities ,citation ( au?orities at ! end ( quotations %\ld be pr9t$ ?us3 ,,hom]1 ,odyssey1 ii4 #ae1 b pr9t ,,hor4 ,c>m4 ii4 #ad4 #b2 ,,hom4 ,od4 iv4 #bgb4 ,?is applies *iefly to quotations at ! heads ( *apt]s4 ,x does n ref] to frequ5t citations 9 notes1 :]e ! au?or's "n is usually 9 l[]-case lett]s1 & ! title ( ! book sometimes pr9t$ 9 roman4 ,z an example3 ,/ubbs1 ,con/itutional ,hi/ory1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ih2 or ! m contract$ =m--,/ubbs1 ,con/4 ,hi/4 ii4 #ih1 w d equally well2 b1 :i*ev] /yle is adopt$ aft] an exam9ation ( ! manuscript1 x mu/ be uni=m ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,ref]5ces to ! ,bible 9 ord9>y works to be pr9t$ ?us--,exod4 xxxii4 #cb2 xxxvii4 #b4 7,= full li/ ( contractions see p4 #da47 ,ref]5ces to ,%akespe>e's plays ?us--,i ,h5ry ,,vi1 ,,iii4 ii4 #ad2 & s ) ! ref]5ces to ,act1 sc5e1 & l9e 9 o!r dramatic writ+s4 ,likewise 9 ref]5ces to poems divid$ into books1 cantos1 & l9es2 e4 g4 ,sp5s]1 ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,,iv4 xxvi4 #ce4 ,ref]5ces to ,,mss4 or unpr9t$ docum5ts %\ld be 9 roman4 ,z to use ( italic1 see also above1 p4 #ej4 ,,division ,,( ,,words ,i4 ,,engli% ,su* divisions z en-1 de-1 or 9- to be all[$ only 9 v n>r[ measures1 & !re exceptionally4 ,disyllables1 z #8into'1 #8until'1 c41 are only to be divid$ 9 v n>r[ measures4 ,! foll[+ divisions to be pref]r$3 abun-dance appli-cable corre-spon-d5ce dep5-d5t dim9-i% dis-connect e/ab-li%-m5t impor-tance int]-e/ m9is-t] pun-i% respon-d5t ,avoid su* divisions z-- />-vation1 obs]-vation1 exal-tation1 g5e-ration1 imagi-nation1 origi-nally2 b put />va-tion1 c4 ,! pr9ciple is t ! "p ( ! ^w left at ! end ( a l9e %\ld sugge/ ! "p comm5c+ ! next l9e4 ,?us ! ^w #8happ9ess' %\ld be divid$ happi-ness1 n hap-p9ess4#df ,roman-ism1 ,puritan-ism2 b ,agno/i-cism1 ,ca?oli-cism1 criti-cism1 fanati-cism1 tauto-logism1 witti-cism1 c4 ,! t]m9ations -cial1 -cian1 -ci\s1 -sion1 -tion %\ld n be divid$ :5 =m+ "o s\nd1 z 9 s-cial1 ,gre-cian1 pugna-ci\s1 condesc5-sion1 =ma-tion4 ,atmo-sph]e1 micro-scope1 philo-sophy1 tele-phone1 tele-scope1 %\ld h only ?is division4 ,b always pr9t episco-pal 7n epi-scopal71 c4#dg ,a divid$ ^w %\ld n end a page1 if x is possible to avoid x4 ,,ii4 ,,"s ,,italian1 ,,portuguese1 ,,& ,,spani% ,,words ,italian4--,divide si-gnore 7gn ni 9 #8mania'71 trava-gli>e 7gli lli 9 #8,william'71 tra-sc9>e 7sci %i 9 #8%9'71 i4e4 take ov] gn1 gl1 sci4 ,9 su* a case z #8all' uomo' ,italians divide #8al-l' uomo' :5 occasion arises4#dh ,portuguese4--,divide se-nhor 7nh ni 9 #8mania'71 bata-lha 7lh lli 9 #8,william'71 i4e4 take ov] nh1 ll4 ,spani%4--,divide se-ora 7 ni 9 #8mania'71 m>avi-lloso 7ll lli 9 #8,william'71 i4e4 take ov] 1 ll4 ,,iii4 ,= ! division ( ,fr5* words1 see p4 #ha2 ,g]man1 p4 #ij2 ,lat91 p4 #ie2 & ,greek1 p4 #ig4 ,,footnotes3 #df ,i 0 once ask$ h[ ,i w\ld c>ry out ! rule t "p ( ! ^w left 9 "o l9e %\ld sugge/ :at foll[$ 9 ! next1 9 su* a case z #8disproportionabl5ess'1 :i*1 accord+ to ,sir ,james ,murray1 is "o ( ! longe/ words 9 ! ,engli% language2 or #8incircumscriptibl5ess'1 us$ by "o ,byfield1 a div9e1 9 #afae1 :o wrote1 #8,! imm5sity ( ,*ri/'s div9e nature ha? 444 incircumscriptibl5ess 9 respect ( place'2 or aga91 #8antidise/abli%m5t>ians'1 quot$ 9 ! biography ( ,ar*bi%op ,b5son1 :]e he says t #8! ,free ,kirk ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& are /rong antidise/abli%m5t>ians'4--,h4 ,h4 #dg #8,ev5 ! divisions not$ z pref]able are n free f objection1 & %\ld be avoid$ :5 x is at all easy to d s4'--,h4 ,b4 #dh ,italians foll[ ?is rule1 b x is bett] avoid$ 9 pr9t+ ,italian passages 9 ,engli% books4--,h4 ,h4 ,,punctuation ,! compositor is recomm5d$ to /udy att5tively a good treatise#di on ! :ole subject4 ,he w f9d "s k ( x to be indisp5sable if 8 "w is to be done prop]ly2 = mo/ writ]s s5d 9 copy q unprep>$ z reg>ds punctuation1 & leave ! compositor to put 9 ! prop] m>ks4 #8,punctuation is an art ne>ly always left to ! compositor1 au?ors be+ almo/ )\t exception ei!r too busy or too c>eless to reg>d x4'#ej ,"s au?ors rightly claim to h c>efully prep>$ copy foll[$ absolutely2 b su* cases are r>e1 & ! compositor c z a rule only foll[ 8 copy exactly :5 sett+ up /&>d repr9ts4 #8,! fir/ bus9ess ( ! compositor' says ,mr4 ,de ,v9ne1 #8is to copy & n to write4 ,he is enjo9$ /rictly to foll[ ! copy & nev] to *ange ! punctuation ( any au?or :o is precise & sy/ematic2 b he is also requir$ to punctuate ! writ+s ( all au?ors :o are n c>eful1 & to make writt5 expression intelligible 9 ! pro(4444 ,x foll[s t compositors are incl9$ to neglect ! /udy ( rules t _c be g5]ally appli$4'#ea ,x be+ admitt$1 !n1 t ! compositor is to be held responsible 9 mo/ cases1 he %\ld rememb] t loose punctuation1#eb especially 9 sci5tific & philosophical works1 is to be avoid$4#ec ,we w aga9 quote ,mr4 ,de ,v9ne3 #8,two sy/ems ( punctuation are 9 use4 ,"o may be call$ ! close or /iff1 & ! o!r ! op5 or easy sy/em4 ,= all ord9>y descriptive writ+ ! op5 or easy sy/em1 :i* tea*es t po9ts be us$ sp>+ly1 is 9 mo/ favor1 b ! close or /iff sy/em _c be disc>d$4'#ed ,! compositor :o desires to in=m himself z to ! pr9ciples & !ory ( punctuation w f9d abundant in=mation 9 ! works m5tion$ 9 ! footnote on p4 #ee2 9 our own booklet !re is space only = a few cautions & a lib]al selection ( examples2 au?ority = ! examples1 :5 !y are tak5 f ! works ( o!r writ]s1 be+ giv5 9 all cases4 ,! ,comma4 ,commas %\ld1 z a rule1 be ins]t$ betwe5 adjectives prec$+ & qualify+ sub/antives1 z-- ,an ent]pris+1 ambiti\s man4 ,a g5tle1 amiable1 h>mless creature4 ,a cold1 damp1 badly light$ room4#ee ,b :]e ! la/ adjective is 9 clos] relation to ! sub/antive ?an ! prec$+ ones1 omit ! comma1 z-- ,a di/+ui%$ =eign au?or4 ,! sailor 0 accompani$ by a great r\gh ,newf\ndl& dog4#ee ,:]e & jo9s two s+le words or phrases ! comma is usually omitt$2 e4g4 ,! hon\rable & le>n$ memb]4 ,b :]e m ?an two words or phrases occur toge!r 9 a sequ5ce a comma %\ld prec$e ! f9al &2 e4g4 ,a great1 wise1 & b5efic5t measure4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce1 conta9+ two conjunctive &'s1 ne$s no commas3 ,god is wise & righte\s & fai?ful4#ee ,su* words z moreov]1 h[ev]1 c41 are usually foll[$ by a comma#ef :5 us$ at ! op5+ ( a s5t5ce1 or prec$$ & foll[$ by a comma :5 us$ 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce4 ,= in/ance3 ,9 any case1 h[ev]1 ! siphon may be fill$4#eg ,x is bett] to use ! comma 9 su* s5t5ces z ^? t imm$iately foll[3 ,tru? ennobles man1 & le>n+ adorns him4#eh ,! ,p>liam5t is n dissolv$1 b only prorogu$4 ,! ,fr5* hav+ occupi$ ,portugal1 a ,briti% squadron1 "u ,re>-,admiral ,sir ,samuel ,hood1 sail$ = ,madeira4 ,i believ$1 & !re=e ,i spoke4 ,! "q is1 ,c x be p]=m$8 ,my son1 give me ?y he>t4 ,! ,armada be+ ?us happily defeat$1 ! nation res\nd$ ) %\ts ( joy4 ,be assur$1 !n1 t ord]1 frugality1 & economy1 are ! necess>y support]s ( e p]sonal & private virtue4 ,virtue is ! highe/ pro( ( a sup]ior und]/&+1 & ! only basis ( greatness4#eh ,:5 a preposition assumes ! "* ( an adv]b1 a comma %\ld foll[ x1 to avoid awkw>dness or ambiguity3 #8,9 ! valley bel[1 ! villages look$ v small4' ,! ,semicolon4 ,in/ances 9 :i* ! semicolon is appropriate3 ,tru? ennobles man2 le>n+ adorns him4 ,! temp]ate man's pleasures are always durable1 because !y are regul>2 & all 8 life is calm & s]5e1 because x is innoc5t4 ,^? faults :i* arise f ! w are intol]able2 = dull & insipid is e p]=mance :]e incl9ation be>s no "p4 ,economy is no disgrace2 = x is bett] to live on a little ?an to outlive a great deal4 ,to err is human2 to =give1 div9e4#ei ,nev] speak conc]n+ :at y are ignorant (2 speak little ( :at y "k2 & :e!r y speak or say n a ^w1 d x ) judgem5t4#ei ,semicolons divide ! simple memb]s ( a comp\nd s5t5ce1 & a comma & da% come aft] ! la/ s5t5ce & be=e ! g5]al conclusion3 ,to give an e>ly pref]5ce to hon\r above ga91 :5 !y /& 9 competition2 to despise e advantage :i* _c be atta9$ )\t di%one/ arts2 to brook no meanness1 & /oop to no dissimulation1--are ! indications ( a great m9d1 ! presages ( future em95ce & usefulness 9 life4#fj ,! ,colon4 ,?is po9t m>ks an abrupt pause be=e a fur!r b connect$ /atem5t3 ,9 bus9ess !re is some?+ m ?an b>t]1 ex*ange1 price1 paym5t3 !re is a sacr$ fai? ( man 9 man4 ,/udy to acquire a habit ( ?9k+3 no /udy is m important4#fa ,always rememb] ! anci5t maxim3 ,"k ?yself4 ,! ,p]iod or ,full ,/op4 ,examples ( its ord9>y use3 ,fe> ,god4 ,hon\r ! ,k+4 ,pray )\t ceas+4 ,!re are ?\ghts & images fla%+ across ! m9d 9 its highe/ moods1 to :i* we give ! "n ( inspiration4 ,b :om d we hon\r ) ?is title ( ! inspir$ poet8 ,! ,note ( ,int]rogation4 ,examples ( its ord9>y use3 ,%all little1 haughty ignorance pron\nce ,8 "w unwise1 ( :i* ! smalle/ "p ,exce$s ! n>r[ vision ( ! m9d8 ,0 ! prison] alone :5 he 0 appreh5d$8 ,is he kn[n to ! police8 ,has he any regul> occupation8 ,:]e does he dwell8 ,:at is 8 "n8 ,:at does ! p$ant mean8 ,cases :]e ! note ( int]rogation mu/ n be us$1 ! speak] simply /at+ a fact3 ,! ,cyprians ask$ me :y ,i wept4 ,i 0 ask$ if ,i w\ld /op = d9n]4 ,! ,note ( ,exclamation4 ,examples ( its ord9>y use3 ,hail1 s\rce ( ,be+6 univ]sal ,s\l6 ,h[ mis*iev\s are ! effects ( w>6 ,o excell5t gu>dian ( ! %eep6--a wolf6#fb ,alas = 8 poor family6 ,alas1 my noble boy6 t ?\ %\ld/ die6 ,ah me6 %e cri$1 & wav$ h] lily h&4 ,o despiteful love6 uncon/ant womank9d6 ,m>ks ( ,p>5!sis4 ,examples3 ,i h se5 *>ity 7if *>ity x may be call$7 insult ) an air ( pity4 ,left n[ to himself 7malice c\ld n wi% him a worse advis]71 he resolves on a desp]ate project4#fc ,! ,bracket4 ,^! m>ks are us$ *iefly to d5ote an int]polation or explanation4 ,= example3 ,p]haps 7al>m+ ?\ght671 p]haps he ,dea? aims ,ev'n n[ ! fatal bl[ t ends my life4#fd ,!y ! ,lilliputians rose l "o man4 ,! ,da%4 ,em rules or da%es--9 ?is & ! next l9e an example is giv5--are (t5 us$ to %[ t words enclos$ betwe5 !m are to be read p>5!tically4 ,?us a v]bal p>5!sis may be %[n by punctuation 9 ?ree ways3 by em da%es1 by 7 71 or by commas4#fe ,omit ! da% :5 a colon is us$ to preface a quotation or simil> matt]1 :e!r at ! end ( a break-l9e or n4 ,! da% is us$ to m>k an int]ruption or break+ (f 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce4#ff ,m>ks ( ,omission4 ,to m>k omitt$ words ?ree po9ts 444 7n a/]isks7 sep>at$ by en quadrats are suffici5t2 & ! practice %\ld be uni=m ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,:]e full l9es are requir$ to m>k a l>ge omission1 real or imag9>y1 ! spac+ betwe5 ! m>ks %\ld be increas$2 b ! compositor %\ld 9 ?is case also use full po9ts & n a/]isks4 ,punctuation ,m>ks g5]ally4 ,! foll[+ summ>y is an attempt to def9e 9 few words ! mean+ & use ( punctuation m>ks 7! capitals are only giv5 = emphasis73 ,a ,p]iod m>ks ! end ( a s5t5ce4 ,a ,colon is at ! transition po9t ( ! s5t5ce4 ,a ,semicolon sep>ates diff]5t /atem5ts4 ,a ,comma sep>ates clauses1 phrases1 & p>ticles4 ,a ,da% m>ks abruptness or irregul>ity4 ,an ,exclamation m>ks surprise4 ,an ,int]rogation asks a "q = answ]4 ,an ,apo/rophe m>ks elisions or possessive case4 ,quotation m>ks def9e quot$ words4 ,p>5!ses enclose int]polations 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,brackets enclose irregul>ities 9 ! s5t5ce4#fg ,quotation ,m>ks1 or #8,inv]t$ ,commas' 7s-call$74 ,omit quotation m>ks 9 poetry1 z in/ruct$ on p4 #de4 ,also omit !m 9 prose extracts brok5 (f 9 small] type1 unless contr>y in/ructions are giv54 ,ins]t quotation m>ks 9 titles ( essays3 e4g4 #8,mr4 ,brock read a pap] on 8,description 9 ,poetry04' ,b omit quotation m>ks :5 ! subject ( ! pap] is an au?or3 e4g4 #8,pr(essor ,bradley read a pap] on ,jane ,au/54' ,s+le #8quotes' are to be us$ = ! fir/ quotation2 !n d\ble = a quotation )9 a quotation4 ,if !re %\ld be yet ano!r quotation )9 ! second quotation x is necess>y to rev]t to s+le quotation m>ks4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! impossible example 9 ! footnote1 quotation m>ks pack$ ?ree deep mu/ be omitt$4 ,all signs ( punctuation us$ ) words 9 quotation m>ks mu/ be plac$ accord+ to ! s5se4 ,if an extract ends ) a po9t1 !n let t po9t be1 z a rule1#fh includ$ be=e ! clos+ quotation m>k2 b n o!rwise4 ,:5 !re is "o quotation )9 ano!r1 & bo? end ) ! s5t5ce1 put ! punctuation m>k be=e ! fir/ ( ! clos+ quotations4 ,^! are important directions = ! compositor to be> 9 m9d2 & he %\ld exam9e ! examples :i* are giv5 9 ! pages :i* foll[3 #8,! pass+ cr[d' is a phrase co9$ 9 ! _s ( indiff]5ce4 ,yet1 to a man ( :at ,plato calls #8univ]sal sympa?ies'1 & ev5 to ! pla91 ord9>y d5iz5s ( ?is _w1 :at c be m int]e/+ ?an #8! pass+ cr[d'8#fi ,if ! physician sees y eat any?+ t is n good = y\r body1 to keep y f x he cries1 #8,x is poison6' ,if ! div9e sees y d any?+ t is hurtful = y\r s\l1 he cries1 #8,y are lo/6'#gj #8,:y does he use ! ^w 8poison08' ,b ,i boldly cri$ out1 #8,woe unto ?is city6'#ga ,alas1 h[ few ( !m c say1 #8,i h /riv5 to ! v utmo/'6#ga ,?us1 notes ( exclamation & int]rogation are sometimes includ$ 9 & sometimes foll[ quotation m>ks1 z 9 ! s5t5ces above1 accord+ to :e!r _! application is m]ely to ! words quot$ or to ! :ole s5t5ce ( :i* !y =m a "p4 ,! s5t5ce-/op mu/ be omitt$ aft] 8 or 61 ev5 :5 ! 8 or 6 prec$es ! clos+ #8quotes'4 ,9 reg>d to ! use ( commas & full po9ts ) #8turn$ commas'1 ! g5]al practice has hi!rto be5 diff]5t4 ,:5 ei!r a comma or a full po9t is requir$ at ! end ( a quotation1 ! almo/ univ]sal cu/om at ! pres5t "t is = ! pr9t] to include t comma or full po9t )9 ! quotation m>ks at ! end ( an extract1 :e!r x =ms "p ( ! orig9al extract or n4 ,ev5 9 ,de ,v9ne's examples1 al?\gh he says di/9ctly1 #8,! prop] place ( ! clos+ m>ks ( quotation %\ld be det]m9$ by ! quot$ words only'1 no in/ance c be f\nd ( ! clos+ m>ks ( quotation be+ plac$ to prec$e a comma or a full po9t4 ,"s writ]s wi% to exclude ! comma or full po9t :5 x does n =m "p ( ! orig9al extract1 & to include x :5 x does =m "p ( x2 & ?is is d\btless correct4 ,!re seems to be no reason = p]petuat+ a bad practice4 ,s1 unless ! au?or wi%es to h x o!rwise1 9 all new works ! compositor %\ld place full po9ts & commas accord+ to ! examples t foll[3 ,we ne$ n #8foll[ a multitude to d evil'4 ,no "o %\ld #8foll[ a multitude to d evil'1 z ! ,scripture says4 ,d n #8foll[ a multitude to d evil'2 on ! contr>y1 d :at is "r4 ,:5 a numb] ( isolat$ words or phrases are1 = any reason1 sev]ally m>k$ (f by #8turn$ commas' 7e4g4 9 ord] to %[ t !y are n ! expressions :i* ! au?or w\ld pref] to use1 or t !y are us$ 9 "s te*nical s5se71 ! clos+ quotation m>k %\ld prec$e ! punctuation m>k1 ?us3 #8,su* odd-s\nd+ designations ( employm5t z 8scribbl+ mill]01 8devil fe$]01 8pug boy01 8decompos+ man01 occur 9 ! c5sus reports4' 9 my voice1 #8s f> z my vote is conc]n$'4 p>l\s1 #8p]il\s'1 #8dang]\s'1 #8h>d to deal )'4 ,b :5 a quotation is complete 9 itself1 ei!r z a s5t5ce or a p>agraph1 ! f9al quotation m>k is to be plac$ outside ! po9t4 ,= example3 #8,if ! writ] ( ^! pages %all *ance to meet ) any t %all only /udy to cavil & pick a qu>rel ) him1 he is prep>$ be=eh& to take no notice ( x4' 7,works ( ,*>les & ,m4 ,lamb1 ,ox=d edition1 i4 #aic47 ,:]e a quotation is int]rupt$ by an int]polat$ s5t5ce1 ! punctuation mu/ foll[ ! s5se ( ! passage1 z 9 ! foll[+ examples3 #a4 #8,at ! root ( ! disord]s'1 he writes 9 ! ,report1 #8lies ! conflict ( ! two races4' ,9 ?is example ! comma is plac$ outside ! quotation m>k1 z x =ms no "p ( ! orig9al punctuation4 #b4 #8,language is n1 & nev] c be1' writes ,"l ,crom]1 #8z 9 ! case ( anci5t ,rome1 an important factor 9 ! execution ( a policy ( fusion4' ,9 ?is example ! comma is plac$ inside ! quotation m>k1 z x =ms "p ( ! orig9al punctuation4 ,9 ! case ( dialogues1 ! punctuation m>k %\ld prec$e ! quotation m>k1 z3 #8,y he> him1' said ,clav]h\se1 smil+1 #8!re's ! rock he splits ^u2 he _c =get 8 p$igree4' ,punctuation 9 ,classical & ,philological ,notes4 ,9 notes on ,engli% & =eign classics1 z a rule#gb foll[ ! punctuation 9 ! foll[+ examples3 #e4 ,falls n1 lets n fall4 7,t is1 a comma is suffici5t aft] ! lemma :]e a simple def9ition foll[s47 #ag4 swoon4 ,! spell+ ( ! folios is #8sw\nd'4 7,"h a full po9t is us$1 because ! words t foll[ ! lemma comprise a complete s5t5ce47 ,note1 z to capitalization1 t ! initial lett] ( ! ^w or phrase treat$ 7z 9 ,falls n above7 %\ld be 9 agreem5t ) ! text4 ,! lemma %\ld be set 9 italics or cl>5don1 accord+ to directions4 ,punctuation ,m>ks & ,ref]5ces to ,footnotes 9 juxtaposition4 ,! relation ( ^! to ea* o!r is dealt ) on p4 #gj4 ,examples ( ! "r practice are to be f\nd on _m pages ( ! pres5t "w4 ,po9ts 9 ,title-pages1 ,headl9es1 c4 ,all po9ts are to be omitt$ f ! ends ( l9es 9 titles1 half-titles1 page-head+s1 & ma9 cross-head+s1 9 ,cl>5don ,press works1 unless a special direction is giv5 to ! contr>y4 ,,footnotes3 #di e4g4 ,spell+ & ,punctuation1 by ,h4 ,beadnell 7,wyman's ,te*nical ,s]ies72 ,! ,k+'s ,engli% 7,cl>5don ,press71 conta9+ a valuable *apt] on ,punctuation2 ,/ops2 or1 ,h[ to ,punctuate1 by ,p4 ,all>dyce 7,fi%] ,unw972 ,correct ,composition1 by ,t4 ,l4 ,de ,v9ne 7,new ,york1 ,c5tury ,co472 or ! m elaborate ,guide pratique du compositeur1 c41 by ,t4 ,lefevre 7,p>is1 ,firm9-,didot74 #ej ,practical ,pr9t+1 by ,s\?w>d & ,p[ell1 p4 #aia4 #ea ,de ,v9ne1 ,correct ,composition1 pp4 #bda-b4 #eb ,h[ mu* dep5ds ^u punctuation is well illu/rat$ 9 a /ory told1 ,i believe1 by ! late ,g4 ,a4 ,sala1 once a writ] 9 ! ,daily ,telegraph1 ab\t ,r4 ,b4 ,%]idan1 dramati/ & ,m4,p4 ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,%]idan "o day gave an oppon5t ! lie direct4 ,call$ ^u to apologize1 ! (f5d] respond$ ?us3 #8,mr4 ,speak] ,i said ! hon\rable ,memb] 0 a li> x is true & ,i am sorry = x4' ,naturally ! p]son conc]n$ 0 n satisfi$2 & said s4 #8,sir1' cont9u$ ,mr4 ,%]idan1 #8! hon\rable ,memb] c int]pret ! t]ms ( my /atem5t accord+ to 8 ability1 & he c put punctuation m>ks :]e x pleases him4'--,h4 ,h4 #ec ,bel[ is a puzzle passage f ! ,daily ,*ronicle1 fir/ ) no po9ts1 & !n ) prop] m>ks ( punctuation3 #8,t t is is t t is n is n is n t x x is4' #8,t t is1 is2 t t is n1 is n2 is n t x8 ,x is4'--,h4 ,h4 #ed ,de ,v9ne1 ,correct ,composition1 p4 #bdd4 #ee ,beadnell1 pp4 #ii1 #ajj4 #ef ,nev]!less ! read] is n to be comm5d$ :o1 be+ told t ! ^w h[ev] 0 usually foll[$ by a comma1 insi/$ ^u alt]+ a s5t5ce beg9n+ #8,h[ev] true ?is may be1' c41 to #8,h[ev]1 true ?is may be1' c4 ,?is is ! late ,dean ,al=d's /ory4 ,see ,! ,que5's ,engli%1 p4 #abd1 ed4 #ahgj4--;,h4 ,h4 #eg ,beadnell1 p4 #aja4 #eh ,id41 pp4 #ie-ajg4 #ei ,beadnell1 pp4 #aji1 #aaj4 #fj ,id41 p4 #aaa4 #fa ,id41 p4 #aab4 #fb ,all ! examples are f ,beadnell1 pp4 #aac-ag4 #fc ,beadnell1 pp4 #aah-ai4 #fd ,id41 p4 #abj4 #fe ,"s writ]s m>k ?is =m ( composition q arbitr>ily4 ,= in/ance ,*>les ,dick5s uses colons3 #8,z he sat d[n by ! old man's side1 two te>s3 n te>s l ^? ) :i* record+ angels blot _! entries out1 b drops s preci\s t !y use !m = _! ink3 /ole d[n 8 m]itori\s *eeks4'--,m>t9 ,*uzzlewit1 ,ox=d ed41 p4 #eha4 #ff ,!re is "o case1 & only "o1 ( an em rule be+ us$ 9 ! ,bible 7,a4,v471 viz4 9 ,exod4 xxxii4 #cb2 :]e1 ,i am told by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,driv]1 x is correctly pr9t$1 to m>k :at is te*nically call$ an #8aposiopesis'1 i4e4 a sudd5 sil5ce4 ,! ord9>y m>k = su* a case is a two-em rule4--,h4 ,h4 #fg ,de ,v9ne1 ,correct ,composition1 p4 #bhh4 #fh ,i say #8z a rule'1 because if su* a s5t5ce z t :i* foll[s occurr$ 9 pr9t+ a secul> "w1 ! rule w\ld h to be brok54 ,de ,v9ne pr9ts3 #8,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t we h ! foll[+ words3 8,jesus answ]$ !m1 #8,is x n writt5 9 y\r law1 8,i said1 #8,ye are gods'08'0' ,h4 ,h4 #fi ,beadnell1 p4 #aaf4 #gj ,id41 p4 #abf4 #ga ,all>dyce1 p4 #gd4 #gb ,!re are exceptions1 z 9 ! case ( works :i* h a settl$ /yle ( _! own4 ,,figures ,,& ,,num]als ,,9 ,,arabic ,,or ,,roman ,d n mix old-/yle & new-face figures 9 ! same book )\t special directions4 ,n9ete5? c5tury1 n #ai? c5tury4 ,figures to be us$ :5 ! matt] consi/s ( a sequ5ce ( /at$ quantities1 p>ticul>s ( age1 c4 ,example3 #8,figures = ,septemb] %[ ! supply to h be5 #he1fij tons1 a decrease on ! mon? ( #eg tons4 ,= ! pa/ twelve mon?s !re is a net increase ( #e tons4' #8,! smalle/ t5or suitable = t5 bells is ,d flat1 ( #e feet diamet] & #db cwt4' ,9 descriptive matt]1 numb]s "u #ajj to be 9 words2 b pr9t #8#ij to #ajj'1 n #8n9ety to #ajj'4 ,spell out 9 su* in/ances z-- #8,) ,god a ?\s& ye>s are b z "o day'2 #8,i h said s a hundr$ times'4 ,ins]t commas ) f\r or m ?an f\r figures1 z #g1fdb2 b pr9t dates )\t commas1 z #aijh2 nor %\ld !re be commas 9 figures d5ot+ pag9ation or numb]+ ( v]se1 ev5 ?\gh !re may be m ?an ?ree figures4 ,omit commas also 9 ,libr>y numb]s1 z--,briti% ,museum ,,ms4 #bddef4 ,roman num]als to be pref]r$ 9 su* cases z ,h5ry ,,viii1 c4--:i* %\ld nev] be divid$2 & %\ld only be foll[$ by a full po9t :5 ! lett]s end a s5t5ce4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! au?or pref]s ! full title1 use #8,h5ry ! ,eigh?'1 n #8,h5ry ! ,v,i,i,ith'4 ,use a decimal po9t to express decimals1 z #gjf2 & pr9t #jgf1 n #gf4 ,:5 ! "t ( day is int5d$ to be %[n1 ! full po9t 4 is to be us$1 z #d4cj a4m4 ,z to dates1 9 descriptive writ+ ! au?or's phraseology %\ld be foll[$2 e4g4 #8,on ! #ba/ ( ,may ! army drew ne>4' ,b 9 ord9>y matt] 9 :i* ! date ( ! mon? & ye> is giv51 su* z ! head+s to lett]s1 pr9t ,may #ai1 #ahfb2 n ,may #ai?1 #ahfb1gc nor #ai ,may1 #ahfb4 ,to repres5t pag9ation or an approximate date1 use ! lea/ numb] ( figures possible2 = example1 pr9t3 pp4 #cbb-cj2 pp4 #cbb-d1 n pp4 #cbb-bd4 ,b pr9t3 pp4 #af-ah1 n pp4 #af-h2 #aaf-ah1 n #aaf-h4 ,9 dates3 #ahig-h1 n #ahig-ih 7use en rules72 & f #afgb to #afgd1 n f #afgb-gd4 ,pr9t3 #bej ,b4,c42 b :5 x is necess>y to ins]t ,a4,d4 ! lett]s %\ld prec$e ! ye>1 z ,a4,d4 #bej4 ,9 ,b4,c4 ref]5ces1 h[ev]1 always put ! full date1 9 a gr\p ( ye>s1 e4g4 #ahe-abb ,b4,c4 ,:5 prelim9>y pages are ref]r$ to by l[]-case roman num]als1 no full po9ts %\ld be us$ aft] ! num]als4 ,pr9t3 p4 ii1 pp4 iii-x2 n p4 ii41 pp4 iii4-x4 ,:5 ref]5ces are made to two successive text-pages pr9t pp4 #f1 #g1 if ! subject is disconnect$ 9 ! two pages4 ,b if ! subject is cont9u\s f "o page to ! o!r1 !n pr9t pp4 #f-g4 ,! compositor 9 ?is mu/ be guid$ by 8 copy4 ,pr9t p4 #ea sq4 if ! ref]5ce is to p4 #ea & foll[+ page2 b pp4 #ea sqq4 :5 ! ref]5ce is to m ?an a s+le page foll[+4#gd ,9 a sequ5ce ( figures use an en rule1 z 9 ! above examples2 b 9 su* cases z ,*apt]s ,,iii--,,viii use an em rule4 ,beg9 numb]$ p>agraphs3 #a4 #b4 c42 & clauses 9 p>agraphs3 7#a7 7#b7 7#c71 c4 ,if ,greek or roman l[]-case lett]s are writt51 ! compositor mu/ foll[ copy4 ,roman num]als 7,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii47 are usually res]v$ = *apt]s or important sections4 ,ref]5ces 9 ! text to footnotes %\ld be made by sup]ior figures--:i* are to be plac$1 z reg>ds punctuation m>ks1 accord+ to ! s5se4 ,if a s+le ^w1 say1 is extract$ & ref]r$ to1 ! ref]5ce mu/ be plac$ imm$iately aft] ! ^w extract$ & be=e ! punctuation m>k4 ,b if an extract be made :i* includes a complete s5t5ce or p>agraph1 !n ! ref]5ce m>k mu/ be plac$ outside ! la/ punctuation m>k4 ,a/]isks1 sup]ior lett]s1 c41 may be us$ 9 special cases4 ,a/]isks & ! o!r signs 799 c47 %\ld be us$ 9 ma!matical works1 to avoid confusion ) ! work+s4 ,9 ,ma!matics1 ! inf]ior 9 ,p#a %\ld come imm$iately aft] ! capital lett]4 ,,footnotes3 #gc ,sir ,james ,murray says1 #8,?is is n logical3 #ai ,may #ahfb is4 ,beg9 at day1 asc5d to mon?1 asc5d to ye>2 n beg9 at mon?1 desc5d to day1 !n asc5d to ye>4' 7,b ,i fe> we mu/ cont9ue = ! pres5t to pr9t ,may #ai1 #ahfb3 au?ors g5]ally w n accept ! logical =m4--,h4 ,h47 #gd ,9 ref]5ces ( ?is nature diff]5t =ms are us$1 z--ff41 foll41 et seq4 ,:i*ev] =m is adopt$1 ! practice %\ld be uni=m ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,possessive ,,case ,,( ,,prop] ,,names ,use 's = ! possessive case 9 ,engli% names & surnames :5ev] possible2 i4e4 9 all monosyllables & disyllables1 & 9 long] words acc5t$ on ! p5ult2 z-- ,augu/us's ,*>les's ,c\s9s's ,gu/avus's ,hicks's ,/4 ,james's ,squ>e ,nicodemus's ,jones's ,?omas's ,za*>ias's ,/4 ,?omas's ,?oms's ,9 long] names1 n acc5t$ on ! p5ult1 's is also pref]able1 ?\gh ' is "h admissible2 e4 g4 ,!ophilus's4 ,9 anci5t classical names1 use 's ) e monosyllable1 e4 g4 ,m>s's1 ,zeus's4 ,also ) disyllables n 9 -es2 z-- ,judas's ,m>cus's ,v5us's ,b poets 9 ^! cases sometimes use s' only2 & ,jesus' is a well-kn[n liturgical ar*aism4 ,9 quotations f ,scripture foll[ ! ,ox=d /&>d4#ge ,anci5t words 9 -es are usually writt5 -es' 9 ! possessive1 e4 g4 ,c]es' rites ,x]xes' fleet ,?is =m %\ld c]ta9ly be us$ 9 words long] ?an two syllables1 e4g4 ,arbaces' ,ari/ides' ,miltiades' ,!mi/ocles' ,to pron\nce ano!r 's 7 es7 aft] ^! is difficult4 ,?is applies only to anci5t words4 ,"o writes--,moses' law2 & ,i us$ to alight at ,moses's = ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,z to ! latt] example1 ,moses1 ! tailor1 0 a mod]n man1 l ,?omas & ,lewis2 & 9 us+ 8 "n we foll[ mod]n ,engli% usage4 ,j4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 ,fr5* names end+ 9 s or x %\ld always be foll[$ by 's :5 us$ possessively 9 ,engli%4 ,?us1 x be+ tak5 = grant$ t ! ,fr5* pronunciation is kn[n to ! ord9>y read]1 & us+ ,rabelais ,rabel1 ,hanotaux ,hanot1 z examples1 ! only correct way ( writ+ ^! names 9 ! possessive 9 ,engli% is ,rabelais's 7 ,rabels71 ,hanotaux's 7 ,hanots74--,h4 ,h4 ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,footnotes3 #ge ,see p4 #i 7note74--,h4 ,h4 ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,works ,,9 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language ,! ,engli% compositor call$ ^u to set works 9 ! ,fr5* language w d well1 fir/ ( all1 to make a c>eful exam9ation ( "s examples f ! be/ ,fr5* pr9t+-(fices4 ,he w f9d t ,fr5* pr9t]s act on rules diff]+ 9 _m po9ts f ! rules to :i* ! ,engli% compositor is accu/om$2 & he w n be able to escape f 8 difficulties by ! simple exp$i5t ( #8foll[+ copy'4 ,= works 9 ! ,fr5* language1 su* z classical text-books = use 9 s*ools1 ! ,engli% compositor g5]ally gets repr9t copy = text & manuscript = notes4 ,x is1 z a rule1 safe = him to foll[ ! repr9t copy2 b !re is ?is difficulty1 t :5 ! "w =ms "p ( a s]ies x does n always happ5 t ! repr9t copy = "o book corresponds 9 typographical /yle ) repr9t copy = o!r works 9 ! same s]ies4 ,h5ce he %\ld apply himself dilig5tly to und]/& ! foll[+ rules2 & %\ld hunt out examples ( _! application1 s t !y may rema9 9 8 memory4#gf #a4 ,capital & l[]-case lett]s4--,9 ! names ( au?ors ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :i* are prec$$ by an article1 ! latt] %\ld comm5ce ) a capital lett]3 ,la ,fonta9e1 ,la ,bruyre4#gg ,exceptions are names tak5 f ! ,italian1 ?us3 le ,tasse1 le ,dante1 le ,corrge4#gh ,z to names ( p]sons1 ! usage ( ! individuals !mselves %\ld be adopt$3 de la ,bruyre 78 signature at ! end ( a lett]71 ,de la ,fonta9e 7end ( fable #8,le ,livre et la ,tortue'71 ,lam>t9e1 ,le ,v]ri]1 ,maxime ,du ,camp4 ,9 names ( places ! article %\ld be small3 le ,mans1 le ,havre1 :i* ! ,acadmie adopts2 la ,f]t1 ) no hyph5 aft] ! article1 b connect$ by a hyph5 ) diff]5t names ( places1 z la ,f]t-s\s-,j\>re4 ,volumes1 books1 titles1 acts ( plays1 ! ye>s ( ! ,republican ,cal5d>1 are put 9 l>ge capitals3 ,an ,,iv1 acte ,v1 tome ,,vi2 also num]als belong+ to prop] names3 ,l\is ,,xii2 & ! numb]s ( ! arrondissem5ts ( ,p>is3 le ,,xve arrondissem5t4 ,sc5es ( plays1 if !re are no acts1 are also put 9 l>ge caps43 ,les ,prcieuses ridicules1 sc4 ,v2 also *apt]s1 if !y =m ! pr9cipal division3 ,joseph1 *4 ,,vi4 ,if1 h[ev]1 sc5es ( plays & *apt]s are second>y divisions1 !y are put 9 small capitals3 ,le ,cid1 a4 ,i1 sc4 ,,ii2 ,hi/oire de ,france1 liv4 ,,vi1 *4 ,,vii4 ,! numb]s ( c5turies are g5]ally put 9 small capitals3 au ,,xixe 7or ,,xixme7 sicle4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a title always takes a capital lett]3 ,j'ai vu j\] ,les ,femmes savantes2 on lit dans ,le ,radical4 ,if a sub/antive 9 a title imm$iately foll[s ,le1 ,la1 ,les1 ,un1 ,une1 x is also giv5 a capital lett]1 ?us3 ,les ,prcieuses ridicules4 ,if ! sub/antive is prec$$ by an adjective1 ?is also receives a capital lett]3 ,la ,folle ,j\rne2 if1 h[ev]1 ! adjective foll[s1 x is 9 l[]-case3 ,l'ge +rat4 ,if ! title comm5ces ) any o!r ^w ?an le1 la1 les1 un1 une1 or an adjective1 ! words foll[+ are all 9 l[]-case3 ,de la t]re la lune2 ,sur la pi/e4 ,9 titles ( fables or ( dramatic works ! names ( ! *>act]s are put ) capital initials3 ,le ,r5>d et les ,rais9s2 ,le ,lion et le ,rat2 ,m>ceau1 ou les ,enfants de la ,rpublique4 ,9 catalogues or indexes hav+ ! fir/ ^w or words 9 p>5!ses aft] ! sub/antive comm5c+ ! l9e1 ! fir/ ^w ?us transpos$ has a capital lett]3 ,homme 7,faiblesse de l'72 ,honneur 7,l'72 ,niag>a 7,les ,*utes du74 ,if ! words 9 p>5!ses are "p ( ! title ( a "w1 ! same rule is foll[$ z to capitals z above giv53 ,hlose 7,la ,n\velle72 ,mort 7,la ,vie ou la74 ,! words sa9t1 sa9te1 :5 ref]r+ to ! sa9ts !mselves1 h1 except :5 comm5c+ a s5t5ce1 always l[]-case initials3 sa9t ,l\is1 sa9t ,paul1 sa9te ,ccile4 ,b :5 ref]r+ to names ( places1 fea/-days1 c41 capital lett]s & hyph5s are us$3 ,sa9t-,dom+ue1 la ,sa9t-,jean4 7,see also1 z to abbreviations ( ,sa9t1 ,sa9te1 p4 #hb47 ,i4 ,use capital lett]s z direct$ bel[3 7#a7 ,words relat+ to ,god3 le ,seigneur1 l'tre suprme1 le ,trs-,haut1 le ,sa9t-,esprit4 7#b7 ,9 enum]ations1 if ea* "o comm5ces a new l9e1 a capital is put imm$iately aft] ! figure3 #ao ,l',europe4 #bo ,l',asie1 c4 ,b if ! enum]ation is run on1 l[]-case lett]s are us$3 #ao l',europe1 #bo l',asie1 c4 7#c7 ,words repres5t+ ab/ract qualities p]sonifi$3 ,la ,r5omme ne vi5t s\v5t qu'aprs la ,mort4 7#d7 ,! planets & con/ellations3 ,m>s1 le ,bli]4 7#e7 ,religi\s fe/ivals3 la ,p5tecte4 7#f7 ,hi/orical ev5ts3 la ,rvolution4 7#g7 ,! names ( /reets1 squ>es1 c43 la rue des ,mauvais-,g>ons1 la place de la ,nation1 la fonta9e des ,innoc5ts4 7#h7 ,! names ( public build+s1 *ur*es1 c43 l',opra1 l',odon1 glise de la ,tr9it4 7#i7 ,names relat+ to in/itutions1 public bodies1 religi\s1 civil1 or milit>y ord]s 7b only ! ^w aft] ! article73 l',acadmie franaise1 la ,lgion d'honneur1 le ,cons]vatoire de musique4 7#aj7 ,surnames & nicknames1 )\t hyph5s3 ,l\is le ,gr&4 7#aa7 ,honor>y titles3 ,son m95ce1 ,leurs ,altesses4 7#ab7 ,adjectives d5ot+ geographical expressions3 la m] ,r\ge1 le golfe ,p]sique4 7#ac7 ,! names ( ! c>d9al po9ts designat+ an ext5t ( t]ritory3 l',amrique du ,nord2 all] dans le ,midi4 7,see ,,ii4 7#b747 7#ad7 ,! ^w glise1 :5 x d5otes ! ,*ur* z an in/itution3 l'glise ca?olique2 b :5 relat+ to a build+ glise is put4 7#ae7 ,! ^w tat :5 x designates ! nation1 ! c\ntry3 ,la ,france e/ un puissant tat4 ,,ii4 ,use l[]-case initials =-- 7#a7 ,! names ( memb]s ( religi\s ord]s3 un c>me 7a ,c>melite71 un templi] 7a ,templ>74 ,b ! ord]s !mselves take capitals3 l'ordre des ,templi]s1 des ,c>mes4 7#b7 ,! names ( ! c>d9al po9ts3 le nord1 le sud4 ,b see ,i4 7#ac7 above4 7#c7 ,adjectives belong+ to prop] names3 la langue franaise1 l're napoloni5ne4 7#d7 ,objects nam$ f p]sons or places3 un qu9quet 7an arg& lamp72 un v]re de *ampagne4 7#e7 ,days ( ! week--lundi1 m>di2 names ( mon?s--juillet1 aot4 ,9 plays ! dramatis p]sonae at ! head ( sc5es are put 9 l>ge capitals1 & ^? n nam$ 9 ev5 small capitals3 ,,sc,,ne ,v4 ,,trib\let1 ,,blan*e1 ,,hommes1 ,,femmes ,,du ,,peuple4 ,9 ! dialogues ! names ( ! speak]s are put 9 ev5 small capitals1 & plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! l9e4 ,! /age directions & ! asides are put 9 small] type1 & are 9 ! text1 if v]se1 9 p>5!ses ov] ! words !y ref] to4 ,if !re are two /age directions 9 "o & ! same l9e1 x w be advisable to split ! l9e1 ?us3 7,rev5u sur ses pas47 ,oublions-les6 re/ons4-- 7,il l'assi$ sur un banc47 ,si$s-toi sur cette pi]re4 ,directions n relat+ to any p>ticul> words ( ! text are put1 if %ort1 at ! end ( ! l9e3 ,celui que l'on croit mort n'e/ pas mort4--,le voici6 7tonnem5t gnral47 #b4 ,acc5t$ ,capitals4--,) "o exception acc5ts are to be us$ ) capital lett]s 9 ,fr5*4 ,! exception is ! grave acc5t on ! capital lett] ,a 9 su* l9es z-- ,a la porte de la maison1 c42 ,a cette poque1 c42 & 9 display l9es su* z-- ,f,,camp ,a ,,g5,,ve ,,ma*9es ,a ,,vapeur4 ,9 ^! ! preposition ,a takes no acc5t2 b we mu/1 to be correct1 pr9t ti5ne1 tretat2 & ,d,p,t1 ,v,,que1 ,,pr,v,t 9 cap4 l9es4#gi ,small capitals %\ld be acc5t$ ?r\gh\t1 !re be+ no fe> ( ! grave acc5t break+ (f4 #c4 ,! ,grave & ,acute ,acc5ts4--,!re has be5 an important *ange 9 rec5t ye>s z to ! use ( ! grave & acute acc5ts 9 ,fr5*4 ,x has become cu/om>y to spell ) a grave acc5t 77 accord+ to ! pronunciation1 in/ead ( ) an acute acc5t 771 c]ta9 words su* z collge 7in/ead ( collge71 avnem5t 7in/ead ( avnem5t71 c4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! mo/ common3 allge l',arige arpge avnem5t b>ge collge le ,corrge cortge vnem5t florilge grge lge ,lige1 lige#hj mange mge la ,norvge or ,norwge pige privilge sacrilge sacrilgem5t sige solfge sortilge sphge#ha #d4 ,hyph5s4--,names ( places conta9+ an article or ! prepositions en1 de1 %\ld h a hyph5 betwe5 ea* compon5t "p1 ?us3 ,sa9t-,g]ma9-des-,prs1 ,sa9t-,val]y-en-,caux1 al?\gh ! ,acadmie leaves out ! la/ two hyph5s4 ,names ( places1 public build+s1 or /reets1 to :i* "o or m di/+ui%+ words are add$1 take hyph5s3 ,sa9t-ti5ne-du-,mont1 ,vitry-le-,franois1 rue du ,faub\rg-,montm>tre1 le ,pont-,neuf1 le ,palais-,royal1 l',htel-de-la-,monnaie4 ,9 numb]s hyph5s are us$ to connect quantities "u #ajj3 e4 g4 v+t-quatre2 trois c5t quatre-v+t-dix2 b :5 et jo9s two c>d9al numb]s no hyph5 is us$1 e4g4 v+t et un2 c9quante et un4 ,b pr9t v+t-et-unime4 #e4 ,spac+4--,no spaces to be put be=e ! #8po9ts de susp5sion'1 i4e4 ?ree po9ts close toge!r1 ca/ 9 "o piece1 d5ot+ an int]ruption 744474 ,9 v wide spac+ a ?9 space may be put be=e a comma1#hb or be=e or aft] a p>5!sis or a bracket4 ,colons1 metal-rules1 section-m>ks1 dagg]s1 & d\ble-dagg]s take a space be=e or aft] !m exactly z words4 ,a/]isks & sup]ior figures1 n enclos$ 9 p>5!ses1 ref]r+ to notes1 take a ?9 or middle space be=e !m4 ,po9ts ( susp5sion are always foll[$ by a space4 ,= guillemets see pp4 #hf1 #hg4 ,a space is put aft] an apo/rophe foll[+ a ^w ( two or m syllables 7z a ,fr5*man reckons syllables1 e4g4 bonne is a ^w ( two syllables73-- ,bonn' petite444 ,aimabl' enfant6444 ,spaces are put 9 su* a case z #aj h4 #ae m4 #aj s4 7#aj h\rs #ae m94 #aj sec471 also pr9t$ #aj;h #aem #ajs4 ,*emical symbols are n spac$1 ?us ,c#aj;,h#ab7,,oh7,,co4,,oh4 #f4 ,awkw>d divisions3 abbreviat$ words & l>ge numb]s express$ 9 figures4--,"o %\ld avoid end+ a l9e ) an apo/rophe1 su* z3 ,quoi qu' il dise8 ,if a numb] express$ 9 figures is too long to be got into a l9e1 or _c be tak5 to ! next )\t prejudice to ! spac+1 a "p ( ! numb] %\ld be put z a ^w1 ?us3 #ajj mil- lions4 #g4 ,division ( words4--,words %\ld be divid$ accord+ to syllables1 z 9 :at ! ,fr5* call pellation 7i4e4 syllabication74 ,!re=e a consonant %\ld nev] be sep>at$ f ! v[el foll[+4 ,?us divide3 am\-reux1 cama-rade2 & always take ov] vr3 li-vraison4 ,if a consonant is d\bl$1 ! consonants may be divid$3 mil-lion1 pil-l>d1 9-noc5t4 ,x is optional to divide ob-scurit or obs-curit1 accord+ to conv5i5ce4 ,v[els are divid$ only 9 comp\nd words3 e4g4 extra-ord9aire2 n ,mo-abite1 mo-y54 ,9 comp\nd words an apo/rophe may be divid$ f a consonant foll[+2 ?us3 gr&'-mre1 gr&'-r\te4 ,divide sei-gneur1 indi-gnit 7gn pron\nc$ z ni 9 #8mania'71 i4e4 take gn ov]4 ,! foll[+ divisions %\ld be avoid$3 ,ma-ximili51 soi-xante1 ,me-xique2 -lgant4 ,9 a n>r[ measure a syllable ( two lett]s may /& at ! end ( a l9e3 ce-p5dant1 9-dcis2 b a syllable ( two lett]s mu/ n be tak5 ov] to ! next l9e2 !re=e lgan-ce1 adv]si-t1 are n p]missible2 b lgan-ces1 m>-que1 abri-cot1 are tol]at$4 ,avoid t]m9at+ a p>agraph ) only ! f9al syllable ( a ^w 9 ! la/ l9e4 ,v]bs tak+ ! s-call$ euphonic t %\ld always be divid$ be=e ! latt]1 ?us3 ,vi5dra- t-il8 ,avoid divid+ abbreviat$ words4 ,etymological division f9ds no fav\r 9 ,fr5*1 unless x is 9 accord ) pellation1 or syllabication1 z 9 trans-port]1 trans-pos]4 ,b divide transi-tion1 transi-g]4 ,mute syllables may be turn$ ov] to ! next l9e1 ?us3 ils m>-qu5t1 les hom-mes4 #h4 ,abbreviations4--,su* words z article1 *apitre1 scne1 titre1 figure1 are abbreviat$ only :5 9 p>5!ses1 z ref]5ces2 9 ! text !y are put 9 full4 ,if1 9 works divid$ into articles1 ! fir/ article is put 9 full 7?us3 ,article premi]71 ^? t foll[ may be 9 figures & abbreviat$ 7z ,art4 #b74 ,sa9t1 sa9te1 :5 !y occur v (t51 z 9 religi\s works1 may be abbreviat$1 tak+ a capital lett]3 ,s4 ,l\is1 ,/e ,m>ie4 ,b n :5 !y =m "p ( ! "n ( a place1 e4g4 ,sa9t-,g]ma9-des-,prs2 9 :i* case ,sa9t- & ,sa9te- take a capital & are foll[$ by a hyph54#hc 7,see also p4 #ge47 ,! words monsieur1 madame1 monseigneur1 messeigneurs1 messieurs1 mesdames1 mademoiselle1 mesdemoiselles1 are writt5 9 full & all 9 l[]-case :5 address+ a p]son3 ,oui1 madame2 ,non1 monsieur le duc4 ,also 9 ! foll[+ in/ances3 ,j'espre que monseigneur vi5dra2 j'ai vu monsieur votre pre4 ,9 mo/ o!r cases ,m4 7= monsieur71 ,mme 7= madame71 ,mgr4 or ,mgr 7= monseigneur71 & s on1 are us$4 ,! words ,sa ,maje/1 ,son m95ce1 ,leurs ,altesses1 :5 foll[$ by ano!r title1 are put z initials1 ?us ,s4 ,m4 l',emp]eur2 b n o!rwise4 ,! "n ,jsus-,*ri/ is abbreviat$ only :5 9 p>5!ses aft] a date1 ?us3 7#ccg avant ,j4-,c474 ,?is is m frequ5tly pr9t$ #ccg ,a4,j4,c4 ,o!r examples ( abbreviations3 liv4 7livre7 *4 7*apitre7 t4 7tome7 do 7ditto7 fo 7folio7 9-fo 79-folio7 9-#ho 79-octavo7 9-#do 79-qu>to7 ms4 7manuscrit7 mss4 7manuscrits7 no 7numro7 ,p4-,s4 7po/-scriptum7 ,ier 7premi]7 #a;er ,,ii1 #b;e 7deuxime7 etc4 7et ct]a7 c4--d4 7c'e/--dire7 ,cie 7compagnie7 ,dr 7docteur7 ,me 7matre7 ,mlle 7mademoiselle7 ,n4-,s4 ,j4-,c4 7,notre-,seigneur ,jsus-,*ri/7 ,cte 7comte7 ,mis 7m>quis7 ,vve 7veuve7 ,s4,a4 7,son ,altesse7 ,,ll4 ,,aa4 ,,ii4 7,leurs ,altesses ,impriales7 ,abbreviations ( metric signs3 #hd,mm4 7myriamtre7 #hd,km4 7kilomtre7 #hd;,hm4 7hectomtre7 dam4 7dcamtre7 m4 7mtre7 dm4 7dcimtre7 cm4 7c5timtre7 mq4 7mtre c>r7 mm4 7millimtre7 mmq4 7millimtre c>r7 mmc4 7millimtre cube7 ha4 7hect>e7 a4 7are7 ca4 or m#b4 7c5ti>e7 das4 7dca/re7 s4 or m#c4 7/re7 ds4 7dci/re7 t4 7tonne7 q4 7qu9tal mtrique7 kg4 7kilogramme7 hg4 7hectogramme7 dag4 7dcagramme7 g4 7gramme7 dg4 7dcigramme7 cg4 7c5tigramme7 mg4 7milligramme7 kl4 7kilolitre7 hl4 7hectolitre7 dal4 7dcalitre7 l4 7litre7 dl4 7dcilitre7 cl4 7c5tilitre7 ml4 7millilitre7 ,put3 #bj francs1 #bj mtres1 #bj litres1 #bj milligrammes4 ,if1 h[ev]1 foll[$ by fractions1 !n put--#bj fr4 #ej1 or #bj;fr1#ej2 #bj m4 #ej1 or #bjm1#ej2 #bj l4 #ej1 or #bjl1#ej2 #bj kilog4 #e1 or #bjkilo1#e4 ,9 works cr[d$ ) figures1 "o c ev5 put--#jm1#e = #e dcimtres2 #jm1#ae = #ae c5timtres2 #jm1#jjh = #h millimtres4 ,! cubic metre foll[$ by a fraction is giv5 ?us3 #dmc1#jje or #dm#c1jje 7 #d mtres cubes #e millimtres cubes72 ! squ>e metre ?us3 #dmq1#je or #dm#b1je 7 #d mtres c>rs #e dcimtres c>rs74 ,! ,fr5* use a decimal comma in/ead ( a decimal po9t--#b1c #bc4 ,! words kilogrammes1 kilomtres1 & kilogrammtres1 foll[$ by fractions1 are giv5 ?us3 #ej kg4 #c or #ejkg1#c2 #e km4 #c or #ekm1#c2 #b kgm4 #d or #bkgm1#d4 ,p] c5t4 is g5]ally put #j_/j1 b p\r #ajj1 p4 #ajj1 & are also us$4 ,9 bus9ess lett]s p\r c5t is always p\r 1 e4g4 ,a tr5te j\rs1 #c p\r d'escompte4 #i4 ,num]als4--,:5 c>d9al numb]s are express$ 9 ,roman l[]-case lett]s1 ! f9al unit %\ld be express$ by a j1 n an i1 ?us3 ij1 iij1 vj1 viij4 ,numb]s are put 9 full if only occasionally occurr+ 9 ! text4 ,if us$ /ati/ically1 figures are us$4 ,degrees ( temp]ature are g5]ally giv5 ?us3 #ae1 #ae 79 ,engli% #ae #ae74 ,age or ! "t ( day mu/ be giv5 9 full3 huit ans1 six heures 7eight ye>s1 six o'clock74 ,dates1 figures1 c41 are put 9 full 9 legal docum5ts3 l'an mil neuf c5t quatre 7! ye> "o ?\s& n9e hundr$ & f\r74 ,"o %\ld n put #8de #e #f1jjj hommes'1 b #8de #e1jjj #f1jjj hommes'4 ,commas 9 figures are us$ z 9 ,engli%1 ?us3 #bj1bej fr4 #be or #bj1bej;fr1#be4 ,b dates1 & numb]s 9 g5]al1 are always put )\t a comma3 l'anne #adff2 page #abej2 ,code civil1 art4 #bjjj4 ,fractions ) a horizontal /roke are pref]r$ 9 ma!matical & sci5tific works2 b 9 ord9>y works ! diagonal /roke is us$1 ?us3 #a_/b1 #b_/c 71 74 ,9 log>i?m tables ! fractional "p ( a log>i?m is pr9t$ ) spaces1 ?us3 ,log4 #bfgj #c1 #dbf #eaac2 & also3 ,log4 #bfgj #c1 #d #bfe #aac4 #aj4 ,roman & italic4--,9 algebraical =mulae ! capital lett]s are always put 9 roman & ! small lett]s 9 italic4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! text is 9 italic1 ! small lett]s are put 9 roman type4 ,! titles ( works1 ( plays1 ( j\rnals1 names ( %ips1 ( /atues1 & titles ( tables m5tion$ 9 ! text1 are put 9 italic2 ?us3 ,la pice ,la ,*atte blan*e2 ,j'ai vu ,les ,rois en exil2 ,on lit dans ,le ,fig>o2 le j\rnal ,le ,temps2 le transport ,bi5-,hoa4 ,=eign words#he & quotations are1 z 9 ,engli%1 italiciz$3 ,agir ab irato2 ,cave canem6 lisait-on4444 ,sup]ior lett]s 9 words italiciz$ %\ld be 9 italic1 ?us3 ,hi/oire de ,napolon ,ier4 #aa4 ,ref]5ce figures4--,ref]5ces to notes are g5]ally r5d]$ ?us3 7#a71 or ?us3 #a4 ,sometimes an a/]isk betwe5 p>5!ses 7997 or /&+ alone 991 or italic sup]ior lett]s 7a71 are us$4 ,! second example 7#a7 is ! be/ f ! ,engli% po9t ( view4 ,! figure 9 ! note itself is put ei!r #a4 or 7#a7 or #a4 ,9 _m works ! ref]5ce figure is put #a1 & ! note-figure #a4 #ab4 ,metal-rules4--,^! s]ve 9 ,fr5* to d5ote conv]sational matt]1 & take a ?ick space 7or m1 if necess>y7 aft] !m4 ,9 fact1 metal-rules1 z 9 ,g]man1 always h a space be=e or aft]1 & are nev] put close to a ^w z 9 ,engli%4 ,!y are likewise nev] put aft] colons4 ,!y are also us$ to give m =ce to a po9t3 ,il avait un cur d'or1 -- mais une tte folle2 et vraim5t1 -- je puis le dire1 -- il tait d'un c>actre trs agrable4 ,!y are likewise us$1 z 9 ,engli%1 = int]calations3 ,cette femme -- trangre sans d\te -- tait trs ge4 #ac4 ,quotation m>ks4--,! ,fr5* use special quotation m>ks 7call$ guillemets74 ,a guillemet is repeat$ at ! head ( e subsequ5t p>agraph belong+ to ! quotation4 ,9 conv]sational matt]1 guillemets are sometimes put at ! comm5cem5t & end ( ! rem>ks1 & ! individual utt]ances are d5ot$ by a metal-rule 7) a space aft]74 ,b x is m common to disp5se ) guillemets altoge!r1 & to d5ote ! comm5cem5t ( ! conv]sation by only a metal-rule4 ,?is is an important v>iation f ! ,engli% me?od4 ,if ! comes aft] po9ts de susp5sion1 a middle space is put be=e & aft] x3 ,la c\r a dcrt qu' att5du l'urg5ce444 4 ,if1 9 dialogues1 a passage is quot$1 ! is put be=e ! metal-rule3 -- ,dema91 m9uit1 n\s sortirons enf96 ,9 tables & work+s ! is us$ to d5ote an abs5t quantity3 #abe 4 #ae #acj #aj #ae 4 #be ,if a s5t5ce conta9s a citation1 ! po9t at ! end ( ! latt] is put be=e ! 1 & ! po9t belong+ to ! s5t5ce aft]3 ,pr5ez g>de au *i56 1 lisait-on l'entre des maisons roma9es4 ,if ! matt] quot$ ends ) a full /op1 & a comma foll[s 9 ! s5t5ce1 ! full /op is suppress$3 ,c'e/ p> le sang et p> le f] que les tats gr&iss5t 1 a dit ,bism>ck4 ,also1 if ! po9t at ! end ( ! citation is a full /op1 & ! s5t5ce ends ) a note ( int]rogation or exclamation1 ! full /op is suppress$3 ,a-t-il dit3 ,je revi5drai 8 ,if citation & s5t5ce end ) ! same po9t1 or if ! s5t5ce ends ) a full /op1 only ! citation is po9t$3 ,quel bonheur d'ent5dre3 ,je v\s aime6 ,a-t-il dit3 ,qui e/ ici8 ,il a dit3 ,je vi5drai4 ,b if ! punctuation ( ! citation diff]s f t ( ! s5t5ce1 bo? po9ts are put3-- ,a-t-il dit3 ,quel gr& malheur6 8 ,guillemets %\ld h be=e & aft] !m ! same space z betwe5 words4 ,9 ! case ( a citation )9 a citation1 ! mu/ /& at ! comm5cem5t ( ea* l9e ( ! enclos$ citation3 ,on lit dans ,le ,radical3 ,une malheureuse erreur a t commise p> un de nos arti/es du b\lev>d4 ,ayant dire3 ,mademoiselle1 je ne veux qu'un mot de v\s6 1 il a fait ent5dre ces p>oles3 ,mademoiselle1 je ne veux qu'un m\ de veau6 ,9 passages quot$ d[n ! side put an en quad aft] ! comm5c+ ea* l9e4 ,only "o is put at ! end ( two citations end+ simultane\sly4 ,,footnotes3 #gf ,i am greatly indebt$ to ,m4 ,dsir ,greffi]1 au?or ( ,les ,rgles de la composition typographique1 l'usage des compositeurs1 des correcteurs et des imprimeurs1 & to 8 publi%]1 ,m4 ,arnold ,mull]1 ( ! ,imprim]ie des ,beaux-,arts1 #cf ,rue de ,se9e1 ,p>is1 = p]mission to translate & make extracts f ?is useful bro*ure4--,h4 ,h4 #gg ,m4 ,greffi] c>efully expla9s t 9 putt+ capitals to ! articles 9 ! case ( ^! & simil> names he diff]s f ! ,acadmie franaise4--,h4 ,h4 #gh ,_m n[ write #8,dante' = #8le ,dante'2 #8,tasse' is also met ) = #8le ,tasse'4--,h4 ,h4 #gi ,m4 ,reyne1 pro(-read] 9 ! ,national ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+-,(fice1 ,p>is1 tells me t !re is no uni=mity ( practice 9 ,fr5* pr9t+-(fices 9 reg>d to ! acc5tuation ( capital lett]s g5]ally1 al?\gh !re is a cons5sus ( op9ion z to reta9+ acc5ts = ! lett] ,e4 ,z to ! grave acc5t on ! capital lett] ,a1 ! two extracts :i* foll[ are suffici5t au?ority3 #8,! lett] ,a1 :5 a capital1 /&+ = 1 is nev] acc5t$ by ,fr5* pr9t]s4 ,?is1 ,i "k1 is a rule )\t exception2 & "o ( ! reasons giv5 is t ! acc5t$ capital is 8ugly04 ,a bett] reason is t ! acc5t (t5 8breaks (f04'--,mr4 ,l,,on ,,delbos1 ,m4,a41 late ,in/ructor 9 ,fr5* to ,royal ,naval ,cadets 9 ,h4,m4,s4 #8,britannia'4 #8,! practice ( omitt+ ! grave acc5t on ! preposition ,a 7:atev] ! reason ( x may be7 is all b univ]sal4'--,mr4 ,e4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,braunholtz1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ,read] 9 ! ,romance ,languages 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,h4 ,h4 #hj #8,! rule ab\t in/ead ( 1 z 9 collge in/ead ( collge1 %\ld be /rictly adh]$ to1 z x n[ is by mo/ ,fr5* p4 ,h[ev]1 _c be *ang$ into unless x h t s\nd2 h5ce x is n "r to say ,ligeois1 = ! s\nd is t ( 2 b ,lige is correct4 ,note t ,ligeois takes an e aft] ! g4'--,mr4 ,l,,on ,,delbos4 #ha ,! li/ is f ,gasc's ,diction>y ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% ,languages3 ,g4 ,bell ,sons1 #ahhi4 #hb ,! ,engli% practice1 nev] to put a space be=e a comma1 is reg>d$ by ! be/ ,fr5* pr9t]s z bad4 #8,?is vici\s practice' 7i4e4 putt+ no space be=e a comma71 says ,m4 ,?oti/e ,lefevre1 #8:i* appe>s to u to h no o!r motive ?an ! neglig5ce ( ! compositor1 t5ds unhappily1 f day to day1 to get introduc$ also into ,fr5* composition4'--,guide pratique du compositeur et de l'imprimeur typographes 7p4 #aif n47 p> ,t4 ,lefevre4 ,p>is1 ,firm9-,didot1 #ahhc4--;,h4 ,h4 #hc ,/-,g]ma91 ,/e-,ca!r9e1 l'glise de ,/-,sulpice1 ,/-,hilaire1 la ,/-,jean1 are h[ev] met ) 9 railway "t-tables1 c4 #hd ,mm4 ,km4 ,hm4 ,^! capitals & all ! metric contractions are au?oriz$ by ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,public ,in/ruction4--,h4 ,h4 #he ,t is1 words =eign to ,fr5*4--,h4 ,h4 ,,app5dix ,,iii ,,works ,,9 ,,! ,,g]man ,,language#hf ,engli% compositors call$ ^u to set up ,g]man %\ld h cle> directions be=eh& z to ! f\nts to be us$1 :e!r ,engli% or ,g]man4 ,if ! manuscript is 9 well-writt5 ,g]man script1 & ! compositor is acqua9t$ ) ! ,g]man *>act]s1 he w f9d little difficulty 9 sett+ ?is up 9 ,g]man type4 ,x is o!rwise if he has to set ,g]man 9 its own *>act]s f manuscript 9 ,roman *>act]s4 ,?is is ow+ pr9cipally to ! num]\s digraphs & ! long & %ort s's us$4 ,! foll[+ rules w be f\nd ( use 9 bo? cases3 #a4 ,capitals & l[]-case4--,all ,g]man sub/antives are writt5 ) capital initial lett]s2 & capital lett]s are also us$ = adjectives 9 geographical designations1 e4g4 das ,kaspis*e ,me] 7! ,caspian ,sea71 or 9 adjectives d]iv$ f prop] names1 e4g4 die ,grimms*5 ,mr*5 7,grimm's ,fairy ,tales72 b z a rule adjectives1 ev5 :5 relat+ to nationality1 h l[]-case initials1 n except+ titles ( books1 c41 ?us3 das deuts*e ,vat]l&1 die franzsis*e ,revolution 7! ,g]man ,fa!rl&1 ! ,fr5* ,revolution74 ,! von 9 ,g]man names ( p]sons beg9s ) a small lett] 7unless ( c\rse :5 x comm5ces a s5t5ce71 e4g4 ,h]r von ,bl[4 ,! von 9 su* cases requires only a ?9 space aft] x3 ,ges*rieb5 von von ,ri*t] 7writt5 by von ,ri*t]74 #b4 ,! ,re=m$ ,g]man ,spell+ ( #aijb4--;,all words ( ,g]man orig9 end+ 9 ?1 z ,mu?1 ,ra?1 n[ drop ! h & become ,mut1 ,rat1 c4 ,t has become ,tat1 ,?or is n[ ,tor4 ,willkhr has become ,willkr4 ,!e is n[ spelt ,tee4 ,b ,?ron1 ,!at]1 c41 be+ d]iv$ f ,greek1 keep ?4 ,also ph 9 words ( ,g]man orig9 is n[ supplem5t$ by f1 ?us ,efeu 7= ,epheu72 ,adolf1 ,rudolf1 ,we/fal5 7= ,adolph1 ,rudolph1 ,we/phal574 ,likewise ,elefant1 ,fasan1 ,s(a4 ,b ,phonograph1 ,philosoph1 ,symphonie1 be+ le>n$ words ( ,greek orig94 ,z is m & m us$ = ,c1 ?us3 ,z5trum = ,c5trum2 ,z5tn]1 ,zirkus4 ,ae1 ,oe1 ,ue1 are always r5d]$ 1 1 4 ,?ree id5tical lett]s %\ld n come toge!r be=e a v[el4 ,consequ5tly pr9t ,s*iffahrt1 n ,s*ifffahrt 7b 9 divid+ pr9t ,s*ifffahrt74 ,mittag1 d5no* 7f ,mitttag1 d5nno*71 are inv>iable4 ,! plural ( ,see is no long] ,see51 b ,se52 9 n>r[ measure divide ,seeen4 ,! suffix niz is n[ nis3 ,h9d]nis4 ,! v]bal suffix ir5 is n[ uni=mly writt5 i]51 ?us3 addi]51 subtrahi]51 multiplizi]51 dividi]51 m>s*i]54 ,a detail$ li/ ( ! new ,g]man1 ,au/rian1 & ,swiss or?ographies#hg may be obta9$ ?r\gh any booksell]4 ,a few ,g]man writ]s /ill object to ! mod]n spell+2 9 su* cases1 ( c\rse1 copy %\ld be foll[$4 #c4 ,hyph5s 9 ,g]man4--,if two or m words foll[ "o ano!r1 relat+ to a common "p ( spee* ) :i* !y =m a comp\nd1 all except ! la/ take a hyph51 ?us3 ,hut- und ,krawatt5fabrikant 7hat & tie manufactur]74 ,comp\nd words 9 ,g]man are n[ pr9t$ z "o ^w4 #d4 ,division ( words 9 ,g]man4--,prefixes %\ld ( c\rse rema9 intact1 su* z an1 auf1 ent1 emp1 er1 v]1 vor1 b]1 z]4 ,?us3 anfang51 auffahr51 entzwei51 empf9d51 erfahr51 v]nd]n1 vorrck51 b]r$51 z]toz54 ,9 n>r[ measure divide geb51 trag51 hebung1 leb5d1 mh51 ag51 ,t*]1 l*54 7,see "u p>agraph #b ( ?is ,app5dix1 #8,re=m$ ,spell+'1 = ?ree id5tical lett]s com+ toge!r4 ,see also "u #g1 #aa1 #ad47 #e4 ,spac$ words4--,9 ^! ! foll[+ comp\nd lett]s %\ld nev] be spac$3 *1 ck1 t1 z1 tz4 ,! foll[+ are spac$3 ff1 fi1 fl1 ll1 i1 4 ,t is1 two diff]5t consonants com+ toge!r 7except f & l7 are n spac$2 b a consonant & v[el1 & d\ble consonants1 are to be spac$4 #f4 ,prepositional & o!r prefixes 9 ,g]man4--,:5 auf prec$es a "p ( spee* comm5c+ ) f1 ! two f's %\ld n =m "o lett]4 ,pr9t auffahr51 n auffahr54 ,s also1 :5 aus is prefix to a "p ( spee* beg9n+ ) an 1 x %\ld n =m ) ! latt] an z or if ,g]man type is us$4 ,pr9t auspre*51 n auszpre*5 or aupre*54 ,if ent prec$es a "p ( spee* beg9n+ ) z1 ! t & z d n =m "o lett]1 b rema9 sep>ate3 entzwei51 n entzwei54 #g4 ,suffixes li*1 zig4--,! lett] l 9 ! =m] %\ld n be jo9$ to a prec$+ f1 nor ! lett] z 9 ! latt] to a prec$+ t4 ,pr9t v]w]fli*1 n v]w]fli*2 a*tzehn1 a*tzig1 n a*tzehn1 a*ttzig4 ,s also1 9 divid+1 put v]w]fli* 7or v]w]fli*7 & a*tzehn1 a*tzig4 #h4 ,g]man 9 ,roman type4--,9 ,roman type z is n[ r5d]$ 7bett] ?an s7#hh2 becomes ss2 & 9 spac$ words all lett]s 7except 7 are sep>at$4 ,:5 ,roman capital lett]s are us$1 z becomes ,,sz4 ,?us ,,masze 7,maze1 measures7 7) long a71 n ,,masse 7,mae1 sub/ance7 7) %ort a74 #i4 ,metal-rules 9 ,g]man4--,spaces are always put be=e & aft] a rule 9 a s5t5ce1 wide spaces 9 a widely spac$ l9e1 ?9 spaces 9 a n>r[ly spac$ "o1 exactly z ) words1 ?us3 ,er sagte -- ni*t ohne ,zaud]n --1 daz er geh5 me4#hi ,rules are n put aft] colons4 #aj4 ,quotation m>ks 9 ,g]man4--,! comm5cem5t ( a quotation is indicat$ by commas foll[$ by a ?9 space2 ! close by turn$ commas4 ,a quotation )9 a quotation is usually r5d]$ by a s+le ,roman comma at comm5cem5t1 & by a turn$ ,roman comma at ! end#ij2 ?us3 ,er agte mir3 ,gehe ni*t h91 d5n es heizt1 daz es dort von 1,gei/]n spukt4#ia #aa4 ll4--,?is is always pr9t$ z "o lett] at ! end ( a syllable or ^w1 z also 9 ! body ( a ^w if ! latt] is n a comp\nd1 ?us3 ,s*alilo* 7n[1 h[ev]1 writt5 ,s*allo*1 b divid$ ,s*alllo*72 w1 oll2 woll51 oll54 ,b 9 comp\nd words1 9 :i* ! fir/ l ends a syllable & ! second l comm5ces ! next "o1 ! two l's mu/ be sep>at$1 ?us3 viellei*t 7divid$ viellei*t74 #ab4 1 s4--,bo? 9 ,roman type ss4 ,! fir/ 77 is us$ aft] %ort v[els1 ?us3 een1 men4 ,! second 7s7 is employ$ :5 ! fir/ s ends "o syllable & ! second comm5ces ! next1 ea* syllable giv+ s5se tak5 s+ly1 i4 e4 9 comp\nds1 ?us3 ,eis*olle 7ice-block71 daselbe1 deselb54 #ac4 z4--,aft] long v[els or diph?ongs & if foll[$ by e or i ( a less /rongly acc5t$ syllable#ib3 paz51 grz51 heiz51 ,szigkeit2 also aft] %ort or long v[els or diph?ongs if foll[$ by t3 hazt1 pazt1 kzt1 grzt1 izt1 g5iezt1 heizt2 & also at ! end ( words or fir/ "p ( comp\nds1 :e!r ! prec$+ v[el be long or %ort3 ,s*loz1 groz1 ezb>1 fazli*4 #ad4 ,d\ble lett]s4--*1 ck1 ff1 fi1 fl1 ll1 i1 1 t1 fz1 tz4 ,no triple lett]s1 l ! ,engli% ffi1 ffl1 are us$ 9 ,g]man4--ffi1 ssi1 are usually pr9t$ ffi1 i1 z pfiffig1 biig2 ffl is pr9t$ ffl1 z treffli*4 ,z reg>ds fl1 ! f & l mu/ be sep>at$ if ! latt] belongs to a suffix1 ?us3 *laflos1 n *laflos4 #ae4 1 s4--,! long s is us$ at ! beg9n+1 ! %ort s at ! end ( syllables 7ag51 laen1 las1 das1 ,hus*574 #af4 ,abbreviations 9 ,g]man4--,! mo/ common are3 uw4 7 und s weit]1 & s on1 et cet]a72 z4 ,b4 7 zum ,beipiel1 = example72 d4 h4 7 das heizt1 t is to say72 d4 i4 7 das it1 t is72 dgl4 7 d]glei*51 su* l1 simil> cases72 u4 a4 m4 7 und &]e mehr1 & o!rs72 4 7 iehe1 see72 4 o4 7 iehe ob51 see above72 4 u4 7 iehe unt51 see bel[72 u4 4 7 und ft]1 passim72 og4 7 og5annt1 s-call$72 bzw4 7 beziehungsweie1 respectively72 ,aufl4 7 ,auflage1 unalt]$ edition72 ,ausg4 7 ,ausgabe1 revis$ edition72 ,abt4 7 ,abteilung1 division72 ,ab*n4 7 ,ab*nitt1 section72 a4 a4 ,o4 7 am angefhrt5 ,orte1 9 ! place cit$72 ,bb4 7 ,b&1 volume72 ,hs4 7 ,h&*rift1 manuscript72 hss4 7 ,h&*rift51 manuscripts7#ic4 ,aft] ord9al numb]s a full po9t is put :]e we put #8#a/1 #bnd'1 c41 ?us3 #a4 ,heft 7or #a4 ,h41 ertes ,heft1 fir/ numb]72 #b4 ,b& 7or #b4 ,bd41 zweit] ,b&1 second volume74 ,?is full po9t is (t5 mi/ak5 by compositors & read]s = a full /op4 ,= 9 #8c4' ! ,g]mans h a special "* 1 ?us3 c42 b uw4 n[ g5]ally takes its place4 #ag4 ,! ,apo/rophe4--,pr9t it's1 geht's 7= it es1 geht es72 b :]e a preposition & ! article das are m]g$1 omit ! apo/rophe2 ?us ans 7= an das71 ins 7= 9 das71 dur*s 7= dur* das71 frs 7= fr das71 7n an's1 9's1 dur*'s1 fr's74 ,aft] prop] names end+ 9 s1 s1 z1 us$ possessively1 put an apo/rophe1 omitt+ ! apo/rophal s2 ?us ,vos' ,luie1 ,demo!nes' ,r$51 ,horaz' ,od5 7,voss's ,l\ise1 ,demo/h5es' ,spee*es1 ,horace's ,odes74 ,b put ,s*ill]s ,g$i*te 7,s*ill]'s ,poems74 #ah4 ,! ,comma4--,9 ,g]man1 commas mu/ inv>iably be put be=e das & be=e relative clauses 7beg9n+ ) d]1 die1 das1 wel*]1 wel*e1 wel*es1 womit1 wodur*1 woran1 woraus1 c4 c474 ,?is is frequ5tly =gott5 by ,engli% compositors4 #ai4 4--,?is m>k 79 ,engli%1 #8section'7 is call$ 9 ,g]man #8,p>agraph'4 ,,footnotes3 #hf ,= _m useful sugge/ions 9 ?is section1 br++ ^! rules up to date1 ,i am mu* indebt$ to ,k>l ,breul1 ,m4,a41 ,litt4,d41 ,ph4,d41 ,read] 9 ,g]manic at ,cambridge ,univ]sity4--,h4 ,h4 #hg ,a v useful book is t by ,k4 ,dud51 ,or?ographis*es ,wrt]bu* d] deuts*5 ,spra*e1 #h? ed41 ,leipzig1 #aijf4 ,price #bs4--,h4 ,h4 #hh ,:]e ^! f\nts are n yet available1 ss mu/1 z hi!rto1 be put = z4 #hi ,he said--n )\t hesitation--t he mu/ dep>t4 #ij ,s+le ,g]man commas are1 h[ev]1 also us$4 #ia ,he said to me1 #8,d n g !re1 = !y say t 8gho/s0 are haunt+ t place'4 #ib ,aft] %ort v[els & be=e e & i ( less /rongly acc5t$ syllables pr9t 3 een1 wien1 laen1 ken1 ,fligkeit4 #ic ,a v full li/ ( ,g]man abbreviations1 ) explanations1 is giv5 9 ,dr4 ,breul's ,new ,g]man ,diction>y 7,cassell ,co41 ,london1 #aijf74 ,,app5dix ,,iv ,,division ,,( ,,lat9 ,,words ,! g5]al rules are practically ,priscian's4 ,!y are well summ>iz$ 9 ,gild]sleeve's ,lat9 ,gramm>4 #a4 #8,9 divid+ a ^w into syllables1 a consonant betwe5 two v[els belongs to ! second3 a-mo1 li-xa4 #b4 #8,any comb9ation ( consonants t c beg9 a ^w 7includ+ mn1 "u ,greek influ5ce7 belongs to ! foll[+ v[el2 9 o!r comb9ations ! fir/ consonant belongs to ! prec$+ v[el3 a-sp]1 fau-/us1 li-bri1 a-mnis4 #c4 #8,! comb9ations incapable ( beg9n+ a ^w are 7a7 d\bl$ consonants3 sic-cus2 7b7 a liquid & a consonant3 al-mus1 am-bo1 an-guis1 ar-bor4 #d4 #8,comp\nds are treat$ by ! be/ gramm>ians z if _! p>ts 7 sep>ate words3 ab-igo1 res-publica4' ,to take a page ( ,cic]o3 con-sequi s-l5t ex-ponimus a-crit] cri-mi-no-se dilig5-t] a-gi re-rum conse-qu5tium mis]i-cor-dia com-movebitur au-di-to-ris a-ni-mus o/5-demus com-modis cu-ius cu-i quo-rum qui-bus-que 7n qui-bu-sque7 u-que 7because ! p>ts are sep>ate7 ca-ptabimus pote-/atem sub-i-ci-e-mus pa-r5ti-bus neces-s>iis cle-m5-tia4 ,aga93 eius-modi1 cuius-modi1 huius-modi 7n eiu-smodi1 c47 con-iun-ctim 7,i %\ld suppose1 n con-iunc-tim7 am-plifica-/is e-/is vetu-/as hone-/us onu-/us sus-cip]e sub-trahit ad-trahit 9-/ruit circu-x simul-tate re-ce-d5-dum di-co di-xi-/i di-xe-rat di-ctum a-ctum au-ctus ma-gnus i-gnis mali-gnus pi-gnus li-gna pec-catum demon-/ra-/is 7,i am r d\btful ab\t ?is7 ma-gis ma-xime dif-fi-cul-tas la-brum la-mna l>-gus lon-ge di-gnus sum-ps]im su-mo sum-mus su-prema propt]-ea1 & probably pro-pt]-ea 7b aga9 ,i am 9 "s d\bt7 dis-t9-ctus dis-t9-guo ad-spectus a-spectus tem-ptavit il-lu-/ris4 ,mo/ ( ^! are already adopt$ 9 editions ( au?ority1 e4g4 ,nobbe's ,cic]o1 ,haase's ,s5eca4 ,,rob9son ,,ellis4 ,illu/ration3 7light bulb7 ,,app5dix ,v ,,division ,,( ,,greek ,,words ,a syllable ends 9 a v[el ,,except-- #a4 ,if a consonant is d\bl$1 ! consonants are divid$4 - 7,bac*4#id71 - 7,?uc471 & s -1 -1 -4 #b4 ,if ! fir/ ( two or m consonants is a liquid or nasal1#ie x is divid$ f ! o!rs4 7,two consonants7 -1 -#if1 - 7,bac*471 - 7,?uc471 -4 7,?ree consonants7 -1 - 7,bac*471 - 7,?uc474 ,b -1 -1 -4 7,f\r consonants7 -1 -4 #c4 ,comp\nds4 ,= mod]n pr9t+ ! pref]5ce mu/ be to divide ! comp\nds -1 - 7,?uc471 b - may /& z well z -4 ,h4 ,,/u>t ,,jones4 ,,footnotes3 #id ,! ref]5ces are to ! papyri4 #ie ,or accord+ to "s if x is --- 7,hyp4 ,blass#if1 p4 xvii71 b ! pref]5ce is = -1 -1 - 7,?uc471 - 7s4 v4 l41 ,bac*474 #if is a nasal :5 x prec$es or 4 ,! o!r consonants ref]r$ to are & 4 ,,m>ks ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,correction ,,( ,,pro(s ,f ,,johnson',s ,typographia 7#ahbd71 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #baf4 ,illu/ration3 7page ( text ) num]\s examples ( h&writt5 pro(+ m>ks47 ,,! ,,opposite ,,page ,,correct$ ,f ,,johnson',s ,typographia 7#ahbd71 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bag4 ,?\gh a v>iety ( op9ions exi/ z to ! individual by :om ! art ( pr9t+ 0 fir/ discov]$2 yet all au?orities concur 9 admitt+ ,,pet] ,,s*oeff] to be ! p]son :o inv5t$ ca/ metal types1 hav+ le>n$ ! art ( cutt+ ! lett]s f ! ,guttemb]gs3 he is also suppos$ to h be5 ! fir/ :o engrav$ on copp]plates4 ,! foll[+ te/imony is pres]v$ 9 ! family1 by ,jo4 ,fr$4 ,fau/us ( ,as*eff5burg4 #8,,pet] ,,s*oeff] ( ,g]n%eim1 p]ceiv+ 8 ma/] ,fau/'s design1 & be+ himself ard5tly desir\s to improve ! art1 f\nd out 7by ! good provid5ce ( ,god7 ! me?od ( cutt+ 7incid5di7 ! *>act]s 9 a matrix t ! lett]s might easily be s+ly ca/1 in/ead ( be+ cut4 ,he privately cut matrices = ! :ole alphabet1 & :5 he %[$ 8 ma/] ! lett]s ca/ f ^? matrices1 ,fau/ 0 s pleas$ ) ! contrivance t he promis$ ,pet] to give him 8 only daught] ,*ri/9a 9 m>riage1 a promise :i* he soon aft] p]=m$4 ,b !re 7 z _m difficulties at fir/ ) ^! lett]s1 z !re _h be5 be=e ) wood5 ones2 ! metal be+ too s(t to support ! =ce ( ! impression3 b ?is defect 0 soon rem$i$1 by mix+ ! metal ) a sub/ance :i* suffici5tly h>d5$ x4' ,,"s ,,engli% ,,names ,,( ,,types ,,) ,,examples ,,( ,,_! ,,relative ,,sizes ,,d\ble ,,pica3 ,! ,cl>5don ,,great ,,prim]3 ,! ,cl>5don ,pre ,,engli%3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press ,ox ,,pica3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,oxfo ,,small ,,pica3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 ,,long ,,prim]3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 w ,,b\rgeois3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 n ,,brevi]3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 na ,,m9ion3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ ,,em]ald3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ ,,m9ion-,,nonp>eil3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ a ,,nonp>eil3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ aft] ,,ruby-,,nonp>eil3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ aft] ,,ruby3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ aft] ! ,,pe>l3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ aft] ! ,e ,,small ,,pe>l3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ aft] ! ,e>l ( ,,diamond3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ aft] ! ,e>l ( ,cl>5do ,,brilliant3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 nam$ aft] ! ,e>l ( ,cl>5don4 ,,long ,,prim] ,,italic3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 0 ,,black-,,lett]3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,,egyptian3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 ,,antique1 ,,mod]n ,,face3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 ,,antique1 ,,old ,,face3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 ,,grotesque3 ,! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,oxfo ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( type-bodies 9 m common use1 ! fir/ column giv+ ! "n ( ! ,engli% type-body1 & ! second its designation "u ! ,am]ican po9t-sy/em4 ,engli% ,am]ican ,pe>l #e po9t ,ruby #e 0 ,nonp>eil #f 0 ,m9ion #g 0 ,brevi] #h 0 ,b\rgeois #i 0 ,long ,prim] #aj 0 ,small ,pica #aa 0 ,pica #ab 0 ,,g5]al ,,index ,,note4--,! words end+ 9 -able1 -ible1 -ise1 -ize1 & -m5t1 & also o!rs1 giv5 9 alphabetical ord] on pp4 #i-cg 7q4v471 are n repeat$ "h4 ,a or an1 use (1 #ci4 be=e contractions1 #ci4 ,abbreviations1 see ,contractions4 9 ,fr5*1 #hb-d4 9 ,g]man1 #ic-d4 -able1 words end+ 91 #i4 ,acc5t$ -d 9 poetry1 #de4 ,acc5ts 9 ,fr5*1 #gh-i4 ,a4,d41 #dg1 #fi4 ,all>dyce on ,/ops1 c41 examples f1 #fd4 ,alt]native or difficult spell+s1 "s1 #ae-bd4 ,amp]s& 771 #dc4 ,& 7) & )\t comma71 #eg4 ,angliciz$ words1 set 9 roman1 #ce-f4 ,apocrypha1 contractions = books (1 #db4 ,aposiopesis1 m>k (1 #fb4 ,apo/rophe1 9 ,fr5* names end+ 9 -s or -x1 #gb4 9 ,g]man1 #id4 9 place-names1 #dd4 9 poetry1 #de4 9 possessive case ( prop] names1 #ga4 omitt$ 9 h]s1 ours1 !irs1 y\rs1 #dd4 ?9 space be=e1 :5 to use1 #di4 :5 to jo9 close up1 #dd4 ,a/]isks1 z ref]5ce signs1 #gj4 9 philology1 #dh4 n to be us$ = m>ks ( hiatus1 #fb4 ,au?ors & _! works1 ref]5ces to1 #eb4 ,awkw>d divisions1 c41 #ec-d1 #hj-a4 ,b4,c41 #dg1 #fi4 ,beadnell on ,spell+1 c41 #ee-fa4 ,bible & ,pray] ,book spell+s1 #i 7note74 ,bible1 contractions = books (1 #da-b4 ref]5ces to *apt]s & v]ses 91 #eb4 ,book sizes-- #dto1 #hvo1 #abmo1 c41 ne$ no full po9ts1 #db4 ,book titles1 italic or roman1 #ej1 #eb4 ,brackets1 #fa4 ,breakl9es1 l5g? (1 #di4 ,capital lett]s1 :5 to use 9 ,engli%1 #df4 9 ,fr5*1 #gc-g4 9 ,g]man1 #hh4 9 lemmas1 #fg4 :5 acc5t$ 9 ,fr5*1 #gh4 ,*apt]1 fir/ ^w 9 small caps41 #dh4 fir/ l9e to be ind5t$1 #dh1 #ej4 -ck prec$+ a suffix1 #ae4 ,colon1 !1 #ei4 ,commas-- #8inv]t$'1 #fc4 use (1 ) adjectives & adv]bs1 #eg4 ) #8&'1 #eg4 ) m ?an ?ree figures1 #fh1 #hd-e4 ,compass1 po9ts ( !1 #dc4 ,comp\nd words1 #be-h4 plurals (1 #ae1 #ba4 ,consonants1 d\ble or s+le ) a suffix1 #bi4 ,contractions g5]ally1 #da-e4 ( colloquial expressions1 #dd4 ( ,lat9 words n 9 italic1 #ea4 ( names ( c\nties1 #db4 ( p]sonal titles1 #dd4 ( philological t]ms1 #dc4 ( po9ts ( ! compass1 #dc4 ( ref]5ces 9 footnotes1 #dc4 ( ref]5ces to manuscripts1 #dc4 ( ,scripture ref]5ces1 #da-b4 ( sums ( money1 #ea4 ( titles ( books1 #dd4 ( weights & measures1 #dc4 ,correction ( pro(s1 m>ks us$ 91 #ih4 ,c\nties1 names (1 abbreviat$1 #db4 ,dagg] 7 obsolete or deceas$71 #dh4 ,da%1 !1 #fa4 ,date at foot ( title-page1 #dg4 ,dates1 h[ to pr9t1 #fi1 #hd4 ,decimal po9ts1 #fi4 ,deity1 pron\ns ref]r+ to !1 #df4 ,de ,v9ne on ,correct ,composition1 #ee-f1 #fc4 ,dia]esis signs1 :5 to use1 #ag4 ,difficult or alt]native spell+s1 #ae-bd4 ,digraphs & diph?ongs1 #da4 ,division ( words1 ,engli%1 #ec-d4 ,fr5*1 #hj-a4 ,g]man1 #ij4 ,greek1 #ig4 ,italian1 #ed4 ,lat91 #ie-f4 ,portuguese1 #ed4 ,spani%1 #ed4 ,d\ble lett]s1 9 ,g]man1 #ic4 e be=e -able & -m5t1 #i1 #bd4 -ed1 -d1 9 poetry1 #de4 ,ellipsis1 #di1 #fb4 ,em rules1 v>i\s uses (1 #fa-b1 #gj4 ,engli% words1 h[ to divide1 #ec-d4 ,en rules1 :5 to use1 #fi-gj4 ,erratum & ,errata1 :5 to pr9t1 #cc4 ,,etc41 ,,etc41 c41 :5 to use1 #dc4 ,exclamation1 ! note (1 #fj4 ,extracts1 h[ to pr9t1 #ej4 ,figures1 commas )1 #fh-i4 ,fir/ l9e ( *apt]1 #dh4 ,footnotes1 abbreviations 91 #dc1 #ea4 sup]ior figures to ref] to1 #fg1 #gj4 ,=eign words & phrases1 #ce-g4 9 roman1 #ce-f4 9 italic1 #cf-g4 ,=eign words1 =mation ( plurals (1 #ca-c4 ,fr5* language1 works 9 !1 #gc-hg4 abbreviations1 #hj-a1 #hb-d4 acc5t$ capital lett]s 91 #gh4 acc5t$ small capitals1 #gh4 acc5ts1 #gh-i4 capital & l[]-case lett]s1 #gc-h4 division ( words1 #ha-b4 hyph5s1 #gi-hj4 metal-rules1 #hj4 metric signs1 #hc4 names end+ 9 -s or -x1 #gb4 num]als1 #hd-e4 quotation m>ks1 #hf-g4 ref]5ce figures1 #he4 roman & italic1 #he4 space be=e comma1 #hj4 spac+ g5]ally1 #hj4 ,full po9ts1 examples ( use1 #fj4 = contractions1 #dc-d4 to d5ote omissions1 #fb4 :5 n to use1 #db1 #dc1 #fh1 #fi4 ,g]man language1 works 9 !1 #hh-id4 abbreviations1 #ic4 apo/rophes1 #id4 capital & l[]-case lett]s1 #hh-i4 commas1 #id4 division ( words1 #ij4 d\ble lett]s1 #ic4 full po9ts1 #id4 hyph5s1 #ij4 9 roman type1 #ia4 ll1 #ib4 metal-rules1 #ia4 p>agraph m>k 771 #id4 prepositional & o!r prefixes1 #ij-a4 quotation m>ks1 #ib4 re=m$ spell+1 #hi-ij4 1 s1 #ic4 spac$ words1 #ij4 1 s1 #ib4 z1 #ib-c4 suffixes li*1 zig1 #ia4 ,greek words1 h[ to divide1 #ig4 ,guillemets 9 ,fr5*1 #hf1 #hg4 ,headl9es1 omission ( po9ts at end (1 #fg4 ,head ,ma/]1 note on1 #be4 ,h]s1 no apo/rophe1 #dd4 ,hyph5s1 use (1 9 ,engli%1 #be-h4 9 ,fr5*1 #gi-hj4 9 ,g]man1 #ij4 -ible1 words end+ 91 #aa4 ,i'd1 ,i'll1 c4 7no space71 #dd4 ,ind5tation ( fir/ l9es1 #dh1 #ej4 ,initials ) dates1 #dg4 ,int]rogation1 ! note (1 #fj4 #8,inv]t$ commas'1 #fc4 -ise or -ize1 words end+ 91 #ab-ad4 ,italian words 7"s71 h[ to divide1 #ed4 ,italic type-- = ma!matical !orems1 #ea4 names ( books & p]iodicals 91 #ej4 names ( %ips 91 #ea4 words & phrases 91 #cf-g1 #ej-a4 ,lat9 words1 h[ to divide1 #ie-f4 lb41 s+ul> & plural =m1 #dc4 ,lefevre1 ,t41 ,guide pratique du compositeur1 ref]r$ to1 #ee4 ,l[]-case lett]s1 = angliciz$ words1 #dg4 = contractions1 #dc1 #dg4 9 ,fr5*1 #gc-h4 9 ,g]man1 #hh-i4 ,,ms4 manuscript1 contraction (1 #dc4 ,m>ks us$ 9 ! correction ( pro(s1 #ih4 ,m>ks ( omission1 #fb4 ,m>ks ( p>5!sis1 #fa4 ,ma!matics1 inf]ior 91 #gj4 !orems1 9 italics1 #ea4 ,measures1 contractions (1 #dc4 ,m$ical signs1 #dh4 -m5t1 words end+ 91 #bd4 ,metal-rules 9 ,engli%1 #fa-b1 #gj4 9 ,fr5*1 #hf4 9 ,g]man1 #ia4 ,metric signs 9 ,fr5*1 abbreviations (1 #hc4 ,money1 contractions 9 sums (1 #ea4 ,mon?s1 names (1 contract$1 #db4 ,new ,te/am5t1 contractions = names ( books (1 #db4 ,newspap]s1 9 italic1 #ea4 ,non-hyph5$ words1 #be-h4 ,nor & or1 #dj4 ,note ( exclamation1 #fj-a4 int]rogation1 #fj4 ,numb]+ ( p>agraphs1 #gj4 ,num]als1 arabic1 #fh-gj4 9 ,fr5*1 #hd-e4 9 ,g]man1 #id4 roman1 use (1 #fh-gj4 ,o & ,oh1 #ci4 -o1 plurals ( n\ns end+ 91 #cd4 ,old ,te/am5t1 contractions = names ( books (1 #da4 ,omission m>ks1 use full po9ts =1 #fb4 ,ours1 no apo/rophe1 #dd4 ,page ref]5ces1 citation (1 #fi1 #gj4 ,p>agraphs1 ind5tation (1 #dh1 #ej4 numb]+ (1 #gj4 spac+ ( la/ l9e1 #di4 ,p>5!sis1 m>ks (1 #fj-a4 ,p]iod or full /op1 !1 #fj-a4 ,p]iodicals1 names (1 italic1 #ej4 ,philological works1 contractions 91 #dc4 punctuation 91 #fg4 use ( symbols 91 #dh4 ,phonetic spell+s1 #ch4 ,place-names1 use ( apo/rophes 91 #dd-e4 ,plates1 c41 ref]5ces to1 #dg4 ,plurals1 =mation (1 9 words ( =eign orig91 #ca-b4 ( n\ns end+ 9 -o1 #cd4 ,poetry1 'd1 -ed1 & -d 91 #de4 quotations f1 #de4 spac+ (1 #di4 ,po9ts 7punctuation m>ks71 #fb4 decimal1 #fi4 full1 :5 to omit1 #db1 #dc1 #fh1 #fi4 9 title-pages1 c41 #fg4 ,po9ts ( ! compass1 #dc4 ,portuguese words 7"s71 h[ to divide1 #ed4 ,possessive case ( prop] names1 #ga-b4 ,prefixes 9 ,g]man1 prepositional & o!r1 #ij-a4 ,pron\ns1 ,dei/ic1 capitalization (1 #df4 omission ( apo/rophe 91 #ed4 ,pro(s1 m>ks us$ 9 correct+1 #ih4 ,prop] names1 adjectives d]iv$ f1 #df4 common words d]iv$ f1 #dg4 possessive case (1 #ga-b4 ,,ps4 po/script 7"o full po9t71 #dc4 ,punctuation g5]ally1 #ee-fg4 colon1 #ei-fj4 comma1 #eg-h4 da%1 #fa-b4 note ( exclamation1 #fj-a4 note ( int]rogation1 #fj4 p>5!sis1 #fa4 p]iod or full /op1 #fj-a4 semicolon1 #eh-i4 ,punctuation m>ks g5]ally1 #fb-c4 9 classical & philological notes1 #fg4 9 relation to footnotes1 #fg4 quotation m>ks1 #fc4 :5 to prec$e1 & :5 to foll[1 ! clos+ quotation m>k1 #fc-g4 ,quotation m>ks1 #fc-g4 9 essays1 #fc4 9 ,fr5*1 #hf-g4 9 ,g]man1 #ib4 #8inv]t$ commas' 7s-call$71 #fc4 ,quotations f =eign books1 c41 #ej4 poetical1 #de1 #fc4 prose1 #fc4 :5 to break (f1 #ej4 ,ref]5ce figures 9 ,fr5*1 #hd-e4 ,ref]5ces g5]ally1 #eb4 to au?ors & _! works1 #eb4 to ! ,bible1 #da-b1 #eb4 to footnotes1 #gj4 to manuscripts1 #dc1 #eb4 to p]iodicals1 #ej4 to plates1 woodcuts1 c41 #dg4 9 relation to punctuation m>ks1 #fg4 to ,%akespe>e's plays1 c41 #eb4 to %ips1 #ea4 ,roman & italics 9 ,fr5*1 #he4 ,roman num]als1 use (1 #fh-gj4 ,roman type1 ,g]man works 91 #ia4 angliciz$ words 91 #ce-f4 1 s1 #ic4 's1 ?9 space be=e apo/rophe1 :5 to use1 #di4 ,scripture ref]5ces1 #da-b1 #eb4 ,semicolon1 !1 #eh-i4 ,%akespe>e1 spell+ ( ! "n1 #bc4 ,%akespe>e's plays1 ref]5ces to1 #eb4 #8,%ill+-m>k'1 #ea4 ,%ips1 names (1 italic1 #ea4 ,signs = ref]5ce m>ks1 use (1 #gj4 special1 #dh4 ,small capitals1 :5 to use1 #dg4 ,s\?w>d's ,practical ,pr9t+1 quot$1 #ee4 ,space be=e comma all[$1 9 pr9t+ ,fr5*1 #hj4 ,spac$ words 9 ,g]man1 #ij4 ,spac+ g5]ally1 #di-ej4 9 ,fr5*1 #hj4 9 ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,italian1 #di4 ( la/ l9e 9 p>agraph1 #di4 ( poetry1 #di4 ,spani% words 7"s71 h[ to divide1 #ed4 ,special signs or symbols1 #dh4 ,spell+s1 alt]native or difficult1 #ae-bd4 ,bible & ,pray] ,book1 #i 7note74 ( old writ]s1 #ch4 phonetic1 #ch4 re=m$ ,g]man1 #hi-ij4 sq41 sqq41 #gj4 1 s1 #ib4 ,/reets1 h[ to pr9t names (1 #df4 ,suffixes1 #bi-cj4 li*1 zig1 #ia4 ,sup]ior figures & lett]s1 #gj4 z1 #ib-c4 ,!irs1 no apo/rophe1 #dd4 ,title-pages1 date at foot (1 #dg4 po9ts 91 #fg4 ,titles1 p]sonal1 contraction (1 #dd4 ,types1 ,engli% names (1 #ajj-b4 ,am]ican po9t-sy/em1 #ajb4 ,und]l9es1 #ej4 ,v[el-ligatures1 #da4 ,weights & measures1 contractions (1 #dc4 ,woodcuts1 plates1 c41 ref]5ces to1 #dg4 ,words-- common1 d]iv$ f prop] names1 #df4 end+ 9 -able1 #i4 end+ 9 -ible1 #aa4 end+ 9 -ise or -ize1 #ab-ad4 end+ 9 -m5t1 #bd4 end+ 9 -o1 plurals (1 #cd4 end+ ) -ed or -d 9 poetry1 #de4 =eign1 9 italic1 #ce-f4 =eign1 9 roman1 #cf-g4 ,y\rs1 no apo/rophe1 #dd4