,,essays ,,9 ,,z5 ,,buddhism ,,essays ,,9 ,,z5 ,,buddhism ,,by ,,daisetz ,,teit>o ,,suzuki ,pr(essor ( ,z5 ,buddhism at ,otani ,buddhi/ ,college1 ,kyoto 7,,fir/ ,,s]ies7 ,illu/ration ,,london ,,luzac ,,& ,,company #df ,great ,russell ,/reet ,publi%$ = ,! ,ea/]n ,buddhi/ ,society1 ,kyoto1 ,japan #aibg ,,all ,,rights ,,( ,,repr9t+ ,,& ,,translation ,,res]v$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,made 9 ,great ,brita9 & pr9t$ at ,! ,v9c5t ,works1 ,ox=d ,,preface ,! mo/ fruitful gr[? ( ,buddhism 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ has result$ 9 ! developm5t ( ,z5 & ,%94 ,z5 atta9$ its maturity 9 ,*9a & ,%9 9 ,japan4 ,! vig\r & vitality :i* ,buddhism /ill has aft] m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ( hi/ory1 w be realis$ :5 "o comes 9 contact ) ^! two bran*es ( ,buddhism4 ,! "o appeals to ! inmo/ religi\s consci\sness ( mank9d1 :ile ! o!r t\*es ! intellectual & practical aspects ( ! ,ori5tal m9d1 :i* is m intuitive ?an discursive1 m my/ical ?an logical4 ,if ,z5 is ! ultra 8self-p[]0 w+ ( ,buddhism1 ,%9 repres5ts ! o!r extreme w+ kn[n z ! 8o!r-p[]10 & ^! two extremes are syn!sis$ 9 ! enlight5$ ,buddha-consci\sness4 ,s9ce ! publication ( my %ort note on ,z5 ,buddhism 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,pali ,text ,society1 #aijg1 no?+ ( importance has be5 publi%$ 9 ,engli% on ! subject except ,pr(essor ,kwait5 ,nuk>iya's ,religion ( ! ,samurai1 #aiac4 ,9 fact1 ev5 9 ,japanese or ,*9ese1 ?is bran* ( ,buddhism has receiv$ v slight att5tion f mod]n writ]s ( ,buddhism4 ,?is is due to ! peculi> difficulties :i* accompany ! /udy ( x4 ,! 8,goroku0f#aa 7say+s7 is ! only lit]>y =m 9 :i* ,z5 expresses itself2 & to und]/& x requires "s special practical tra9+ 9 ,z51 = m]e k ( ! ,*9ese1 classical & hi/orical1 is f> f be+ en\gh2 ev5 ) ! ma/]ly und]/&+ ( ! philosophy ( g5]al ,buddhism1 ,z5 is f\nd q h>d to fa?om4 ,"s ( su* s*ol>s sometimes try to expla9 ! tru? & developm5t ( ,z51 b !y sadly fail to d ju/ice to ! subject4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,z5 ma/]s s call$ are unable to pres5t _! und]/&+ 9 ! light ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,_! mo/ intellectually-productive ye>s are sp5t 9 ! ,m$itation ,hall1 & :5 !y successively graduate f x1 !y are look$ up to z adepts ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ! k-ans4#b ,s f> s good2 b1 un=tunately f ! s*ol>ly po9t ( view1 !y rema9 cont5t$ ) ?is1 & d n %[ any lively intellectual int]e/ 9 ! psy*ology & philosophy ( ,z54 ,?us ,z5 is left to lie quietly seal$ up 9 ! 8,say+s0 ( ! ma/]s & 9 ! te*nical /udy ( ! k-ans2 x is ?us incapacitat$ to walk out ( ! seclusion ( ! cloi/]s4 ,( c\rse1 great mi/ake x w\ld be if "o %\ld ev] take ! notion ev5 = a mom5t t ,z5 c\ld be ma/]$ f its philosophical pres5tation or its psy*ological description2 b ?is ought n to mean t ,z5 is n to be intellig5tly approa*$ or to be made some:at accessible by our ord9>y means ( reason+4 ,i ne$ n m5tion t my attempts 9 ! foll[+ pages are any?+ b adequate = ! rational treatm5t ( ! subject4 ,b z a t5tative exp]im5t to pres5t ,z5 f our common-s5se po9t ( view & z a direct l9eage ( ,buddhi/ fai? z fir/ proclaim$ or r realis$ by ! ,buddha1 ,i hope ,i h work$ t[>ds remov+ "s ( ! difficulties usually besett+ u 9 ! ma/]y ( ,z5 ?\ght4 ,h[ f> ,i h succe$$ or h[ utt]ly ,i h fail$1--?is is naturally = ! read] to judge4 ,! book is a collection ( ! ,essays orig9ally publi%$ 9 ,! ,ea/]n ,buddhi/ except "o on ! 8,hi/ory ( ,z5 ,buddhism0 :i* 0 writt5 specially = ?is volume2 b all ( !m h be5 ?or\ghly revis$ & 9 "s p>ts entirely re-writt5 & new *apt]s add$4 ,! book w be foll[$ by a second s]ies ( ,essays be=e long1 9 :i* "s m ( ! important po9ts 9 ! con/itution ( ,z5 w be treat$4 ,! publication ( ^! ,essays 9 book=m is pr9cipally due to ! mo/ lib]al enc\ragem5t1 bo? mat]ial & moral1 ( ,mr ,yaki*i ,ataka1 ( ,osaka1 :o is an old fri5d ( ! au?or's & :o has n =gott5 ! pl$ge half-s]i\sly & half-dreamily made 9 our y\?ful days4 ,! au?or also owes a great deal to 8 wife 9 ! prep>ation & revision ( ! ,,ms1 )\t :i* ! book w\ld h %[n _m m imp]fections ?an x does n[ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,la/ly1 9 s5d+ ?is humble "w1 n writt5 9 ! au?or's native tongue1 out to ! _w1 he _c help ?9k+ ( 8 late tea*] 9 ,z51 ,soy5 ,%aku1 ( ,engakuji1 ,kamakura1 ) regret t 8 life _h n be5 sp>$ = sev]al ye>s yet1 n only = ! sake ( ,japanese ,buddhism b = _m ( 8 lam5t+ fri5ds4 ,?is is ! sev5? autumn = ! maple-trees to scatt] _! crimson leaves ov] 8 grave at ,matsu-ga-oka4 ,might 8 _s n = once be awak5$ f deep m$itation & criticise ! book n[ be=e ! read]6 ,daisetz ,teit>o ,suzuki ,kyoto1 ,octob]1 #aibf ,,cont5ts ,,page ,preface v ,,essay ,i ,introduction #a ,,essay ,,ii ,z5 z ! ,*9ese ,int]pretation ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t #bf ,,essay ,,iii ,enlight5m5t & ,ignorance #aje ,,essay ,,iv ,hi/ory ( ,z5 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 f ,bodhi-dh>ma to ! ,six? ,patri>* 7,hui-nng7 #adi ,,essay ,v ,satori #bac ,,essay ,,vi ,practical ,me?ods ( ,z5 ,in/ruction #bea ,,essay ,,vii ,! ,m$itation ,hall & ! ,ideals ( ,z5 ,life #bii ,,essay ,,viii ,! ,t5 ,c[-,h]d+ ,pictures #cdg ,,app5dix ,*9ese ,notes #cfg ,index #dac ,,introduction ,,introductionf#b ,z5 9 its ess5ce is ! art ( see+ into ! nature ( "o's own be+1 & x po9ts ! way f bondage to fre$om4 ,by mak+ u dr9k "r f ! f\nta9 ( life1 x lib]ates u f all ! yokes "u :i* we f9ite be+s are usually suff]+ 9 ?is _w4 ,we c say t ,z5 lib]ates all ! en]gies prop]ly & naturally /or$ 9 ea* ( u1 :i* are 9 ord9>y circum/ances cramp$ & di/ort$ s t !y f9d no adequate *annel = activity4 ,?is body ( ours is some?+ l an electric batt]y 9 :i* a my/]i\s p[] lat5tly lies4 ,:5 ?is p[] is n prop]ly br\ght into op]ation1 x ei!r gr[s m\ldy & )]s away or is w>p$ & expresses itself abnormally4 ,x is ! object ( ,z51 !re=e1 to save u f go+ crazy or be+ crippl$4 ,?is is :at ,i mean by fre$om1 giv+ free play to all ! creative & b5evol5t impulses inh]5tly ly+ 9 our he>ts4 ,g5]ally1 we are bl9d to ?is fact1 t we are 9 possession ( all ! necess>y faculties t w make u happy & lov+ t[>ds "o ano!r4 ,all ! /ruggles t we see ar\nd u come f ?is ignorance4 ,z51 !re=e1 wants u to op5 a 8?ird eye10 z ,buddhi/s call x1 to ! hi!rto undream$-( region %ut away f u ?r\gh our own ignorance4 ,:5 ! cl\d ( ignorance disappe>s1 ! inf9ity ( ! heav5s is manife/$ :]e we see = ! fir/ "t into ! nature ( our own be+4 ,we n[ "k ! signification ( life1 we "k t x is n bl9d /riv+1 nor is x a m]e display ( brutal =ces1 b t :ile we "k n def9itely :at ! ultimate purport ( life is1 !re is some?+ 9 x t makes u feel inf9itely bless$ 9 ! liv+ ( x & rema9 q cont5t$ ) x 9 all its evolution1 )\t rais+ que/ions or ent]ta9+ pessimi/ic d\bts4 ,:5 we are full ( vitality & n yet awak5$ to ! k ( life1 we _c compreh5d ! s]i\sness ( all ! conflicts involv$ 9 x :i* are app>5tly = ! mom5t 9 a /ate ( quiesc5ce4 ,b soon] or lat] ! "t w come :5 we h to face life squ>ely & solve its mo/ p]plex+ & mo/ press+ riddles4 ,says ,confucius1 8,at fifte5 my m9d 0 direct$ to /udy1 & at ?irty ,i knew :]e to /&40 ,?is is "o ( ! wise/ say+s ( ! ,*9ese sage4 ,psy*ologi/s w all agree to ?is /atem5t ( 82 =1 g5]ally speak+1 fifte5 is ab\t ! age y\? beg9s to look ar\nd s]i\sly & inquire into ! mean+ ( life4 ,all ! spiritual p[]s until n[ securely hidd5 9 ! subconsci\s "p ( ! m9d break out almo/ simultane\sly4 ,& :5 ?is break+ out is too precipit\s & viol5t1 ! m9d may lose its balance m or less p]man5tly2 9 fact1 s _m cases ( n]v\s pro/ration report$ dur+ adolesc5ce are *iefly due to ?is loss ( ! m5tal equilibrium4 ,9 mo/ cases ! effect is n v grave & ! crisis may pass )\t leav+ deep m>ks4 ,b 9 "s *>act]s1 ei!r ?r\gh _! inh]5t t5d5cies or on acc\nt ( ! influ5ce ( environm5t ^u _! pla/ic con/itution1 ! spiritual awak5+ /irs !m up to ! v dep?s ( _! p]sonality4 ,?is is ! "t y w be ask$ to *oose betwe5 ! 8,ev]la/+ ,no0 & ! 8,ev]la/+ ,yea40 ,?is *oos+ is :at ,confucius means by 8/udy10 x is n /udy+ ! classics1 b deeply delv+ into ! my/]ies ( life4 ,normally1 ! outcome ( ! /ruggle is ! 8,ev]la/+ ,yea10 or 8,let ?y w be done02 = life is aft] all a =m ( affirmation h[ev] negatively x might be conceiv$ by ! pessimi/s4 ,b we _c d5y ! fact t !re are _m ?+s 9 ?is _w :i* w turn our too s5sitive m9ds t[>ds ! o!r direction & make u exclaim ) ,&reyev 9 8,! ,life ( ,man03 8,i curse ev]y?+ t y h giv54 ,i curse ! day on :i* ,i 0 born4 ,i curse ! day on :i* ,i %all die4 ,i curse ! :ole ( my life4 ,i fl+ ev]y?+ back at y\r cruel face1 s5seless ,fate6 ,be accurs$1 be =ev] accurs$6 ,) my curses ,i conqu] y4 ,:at else c y d to me8444 ,) my la/ ?\ght ,i w %\t into y\r as99e e>s3 ,be accurs$1 be accurs$60 ,?is is a t]rible indictm5t ( life1 x is a complete negation ( life1 x is a mo/ dismal picture ( ! de/9y ( man on e>?4 8,leav+ no trace0 is q true1 = we "k no?+ ( our future except t we all pass away includ+ ! v e>? f :i* we h come4 ,!re are c]ta9ly ?+s ju/ify+ pessimism4 ,life1 z mo/ ( u live x1 is suff]+4 ,!re is no d5y+ ! fact4 ,z long z life is a =m ( /ruggle1 x _c be any?+ b pa94 ,does n a /ruggle mean ! impact ( two conflict+ =ces1 ea* try+ to get ! upp]h& ( ! o!r8 ,if ! battle is lo/1 ! outcome is dea?1 & dea? is ! fe>some/ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,ev5 :5 dea? is conqu]$1 "o is left alone1 & ! lonel9ess is sometimes m unbe>able ?an ! /ruggle itself4 ,"o may n be consci\s ( all ?is1 & may g on indulg+ 9 ^? mom5t>y pleasures t are af=d$ by ! s5ses4 ,b ?is be+ unconsci\s does n 9 ! lea/ alt] ! facts ( life4 ,h[ev] insi/5tly ! bl9d may d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! sun1 !y _c annihilate x4 ,! tropical heat w m]cilessly scor* !m1 & if !y d n take prop] c>e1 !y w all be wip$ away f ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,! ,buddha 0 p]fectly "r :5 he prop\nd$ 8 8,f\rfold ,noble ,tru?0 ! fir/ ( :i* is t life is pa94 ,did n ev]yone ( u come to ?is _w scream+ & 9 a way prote/+8 ,to come out into cold & prohibitive surr\nd+s aft] a s(t1 w>m mo!rly womb 0 surely a pa9ful incid5t to say ! lea/4 ,gr[? is always att5d$ ) pa94 ,tee?+ is m or less a pa9ful process4 ,pub]ty is usually accompani$ ) a m5tal z well z a physical di/urbance4 ,! gr[? ( ! organism call$ society is also m>k$ ) pa9ful cataclysms1 & we are at pres5t witness+ "o ( its bir?-?roes4 ,we may calmly reason & say t ?is is all inevitable1 t inasmu* z e recon/ruction means ! de/ruction ( ! old regime1 we _c help go+ ?r\gh a pa9ful op]ation4 ,b ?is cold intellectual analysis does n alleviate :atev] h>r[+ feel+s we h to und]go4 ,! pa9 he>tlessly inflict$ on our n]ves is in]adicable4 ,life is1 aft] all argu+1 a pa9ful /ruggle4 ,?is h[ev] is provid5tial4 ,= ! m y suff] ! deep] gr[s y\r "*1 & ) ! deep5+ ( y\r "* y read ! m p5etrat+ly into ! secrets ( life4 ,all great arti/s1 all great religi\s lead]s1 & all great social re=m]s h come out ( ! int5se/ /ruggles :i* !y f\ght bravely1 q frequ5tly 9 te>s & ) ble$+ he>ts4 ,unless y eat y\r bread 9 sorr[1 y _c ta/e ( real life4 ,m5cius is "r :5 he says t :5 ,heav5 wants to p]fect a great man x tries him 9 e possible way until he comes out triumphantly f all 8 pa9ful exp]i5ces4 ,to me ,osc> ,wilde seems always pos+ or /riv+ = an effect2 he may be a great arti/1 b !re is some?+ 9 him t turns me away f him4 ,yet he exclaims 9 8 ,de ,pr(undis3 8,dur+ ! la/ few mon?s ,i h1 aft] t]rible difficulties & /ruggles1 be5 able to compreh5d "s ( ! lessons hidd5 9 ! he>t ( pa94 ,cl]gym5 & p :o use phrases )\t wisdom sometimes talk ( suff]+ z a my/]y4 ,x is really a revelation4 ,"o disc]ns ?+s "o nev] disc]n$ be=e4 ,"o approa*es ! :ole ( hi/ory f a diff]5t /&po9t40 ,y w obs]ve "h :at sanctify+ effects 8 prison life produc$ on 8 "*4 ,if he _h _h to g ?r\gh a simil> trial 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e]1 he might h be5 able to produce f> great] works ?an ^? we h ( him at pres5t4 ,we are too ego-c5tr$4 ,! ego-%ell 9 :i* we live is ! h>de/ ?+ to outgr[4 ,we seem to c>ry x all ! "t f *ildhood up to ! "t we f9ally pass away4 ,we are1 h[ev]1 giv5 _m *ances to break ?r\gh ?is %ell1 & ! fir/ & greate/ ( !m is :5 we rea* adolesc5ce4 ,?is is ! fir/ "t ! ego really comes to recognise ! 8o!r40 ,i mean ! awak5+ ( sexual love4 ,an ego1 entire & undivid$1 n[ beg9s to feel a sort ( split 9 itself4 ,love hi!rto dormant deep 9 8 he>t lifts its head & causes a great commotion 9 x4 ,= ! love n[ /irr$ dem&s at once ! ass]tion ( ! ego & its annihilation4 ,love makes ! ego lose itself 9 ! object x loves1 & yet at ! same "t x wants to h ! object z its own4 ,?is is a contradiction1 & a great trag$y ( life4 ,?is elem5tal feel+ mu/ be "o ( ! div9e ag5cies :]eby man is urg$ to advance 9 8 upw>d walk4 ,god gives trag$ies to p]fect man4 ,! greate/ bulk ( lit]ature ev] produc$ 9 ?is _w is b ! h>p+ on ! same /r+ ( love1 & we nev] seem to gr[ we>y ( x4 ,b ?is is n ! topic we are conc]n$ ) "h4 ,:at ,i want to emphasise 9 ?is connection is ?is1 t ?r\gh ! awak5+ ( love we get a glimpse into ! inf9ity ( ?+s1 & t ?is glimpse urges y\? to ,romanticism or to ,rationalism accord+ to 8 temp]am5t & environm5t & education4 ,:5 ! ego-%ell is brok5 & ! 8o!r0 is tak5 into its own body1 we c say t ! ego has d5i$ itself or t ! ego has tak5 its fir/ /eps t[>ds ! inf9ite4 ,religi\sly1 "h ensues an int5se /ruggle betwe5 ! f9ite & ! inf9ite1 betwe5 ! intellect & a high] p[]1 or1 m pla9ly1 betwe5 ! fle% & ! _s4 ,?is is ! problem ( problems t has driv5 _m a y\? into ! h&s ( ,satan4 ,:5 a gr[n-up man looks back to ^! y\?ful days1 he _c b feel a sort ( %udd] go+ ?r\gh 8 entire frame4 ,! /ruggle to be f\ght 9 s9c]ity may g on up to ! age ( ?irty :5 ,confucius /ates t he knew :]e to /&4 ,! religi\s consci\sness is n[ fully awak5$1 & all ! possible ways ( escap+ f ! /ruggle or br++ x to an end are mo/ e>ne/ly s\ght 9 e direction4 ,books are read1 lectures are att5d$1 s]mons are gre$ily tak5 91 & v>i\s religi\s ex]cises or discipl9es are tri$4 ,& naturally ,z5 too comes to be inquir$ into4 ,h[ does ,z5 solve ! problem ( problems8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,z5 proposes its solution by directly appeal+ to facts ( p]sonal exp]i5ce & n to book-k4 ,! nature ( "o's own be+ :]e app>5tly rages ! /ruggle betwe5 ! f9ite & ! inf9ite is to be grasp$ by a high] faculty ?an ! intellect4 ,= ,z5 says x is ! latt] t fir/ made u raise ! "q :i* x c\ld n answ] by itself1 & t !re=e x is to be put aside to make room = some?+ high] & m enlight5+4 ,= ! intellect has a peculi>ly disquiet+ quality 9 x4 ,?\gh x raises que/ions en\gh to di/urb ! s]5ity ( ! m9d1 x is too frequ5tly unable to give satisfactory answ]s to !m4 ,x upsets ! blissful peace ( ignorance & yet x does n re/ore ! =m] /ate ( ?+s by (f]+ some?+ else4 ,because x po9ts out ignorance1 x is (t5 consid]$ illum9at+1 :]eas ! fact is t x di/urbs1 n necess>ily always br++ light on its pa?4 ,x is n f9al1 x waits = some?+ high] ?an itself = ! solution ( all ! que/ions x w raise reg>dless ( consequ5ces4 ,if x 7 able to br+ a new ord] into ! di/urbance & settle x once = all1 !re w\ld h be5 no ne$ = philosophy aft] x _h be5 fir/ sy/ematis$ by a great ?9k]1 by an ,ari/otle1 or by a ,hegel4 ,b ! hi/ory ( ?\ght proves t ea* new /ructure rais$ by a man ( extraord9>y intellect is sure to be pull$ d[n by ! succe$+ ones4 ,?is con/ant pull+ d[n & build+ up is all "r z f> z philosophy itself is conc]n$2 = ! inh]5t nature ( ! intellect1 z ,i take x1 dem&s x & we _c put a /op to ! progress ( philosophical inquiries any m ?an to our brea?+4 ,b :5 x comes to ! "q ( life itself we _c wait = ! ultimate solution to be (f]$ by ! intellect ev5 if x c\ld d s4 ,we _c susp5d ev5 = a mom5t our life-activity = philosophy to unravel its my/]ies4 ,let ! my/]ies rema9 z !y are1 b live we mu/4 ,! hungry _c wait until a complete analysis ( food is obta9$ & ! n\ri%+ value ( ea* elem5t is det]m9$4 ,= ! dead ! sci5tific k ( food w be ( no use :atev]4 ,z5 !re=e does n rely on ! intellect = ! solution ( its deepe/ problems4 ,by p]sonal exp]i5ce x is meant to get at ! fact at fir/ h& & n ?r\gh any int]m$i>y :atev] ?is may be4 ,its favorite analogy is3 to po9t at ! moon a f+] is ne$$1 b woe to ^? :o take ! f+] = ! moon2 a basket is welcome to c>ry our fi% home1 b :5 ! fi% are safely on ! table :y %\ld we et]nally bo!r ourselves ) ! basket8 ,"h /&s ! fact1 & let u grasp x ) ! nak$ h&s le/ x %\ld slip away--?is is :at ,z5 proposes to d4 ,z nature abhors a vacuum1 ,z5 abhors any?+ com+ betwe5 ! fact & ourselves4 ,accord+ to ,z51 !re is no /ruggle 9 ! fact itself su* z betwe5 ! f9ite & ! inf9ite1 betwe5 ! fle% & ! _s4 ,^! are idle di/9ctions fictiti\sly design$ by ! intellect = its own int]e/4 ,^? :o take !m too s]i\sly or ^? :o try to read !m into ! v fact ( life are ^? :o take ! f+] = ! moon4 ,:5 we are hungry we eat2 :5 we are sleepy we lay ourselves d[n2 & :]e does ! inf9ite or ! f9ite come 9 "h8 ,are n we complete 9 ourselves & ea* 9 himself8 ,life z x is liv$ suffices4 ,x is only :5 ! disquiet+ intellect /eps 9 & tries to murd] x t we /op to live & imag9e ourselves to be %ort ( or 9 some?+4 ,let ! intellect alone1 x has its usefulness 9 its prop] sph]e1 b let x n int]f]e ) ! fl[+ ( ! life-/ream4 ,if y are at all tempt$ to look into x1 d s :ile lett+ x fl[4 ,! fact ( fl[+ mu/ "u no circum/ances be arre/$ or m$dl$ )2 = ! mom5t y\r h&s are dipp$ into x1 its transp>5cy is di/urb$1 x ceases to reflect y\r image :i* y h _h f ! v beg9n+ & w cont9ue to h to ! end ( "t4 ,almo/ correspond+ to ! 8,f\r ,maxims0 ( ! ,ni*ir5 ,sect1 ,z5 has its own f\r /atem5ts3 8,a special transmission outside ! ,scriptures2 ,no dep5d5ce ^u words & lett]s2 ,direct po9t+ to ! s\l ( man2 ,see+ into "o's nature & ! atta9m5t ( ,buddhahood40f#ca4a ,?is sums up all t is claim$ by ,z5 z religion4 ,( c\rse we mu/ n =get t !re is a hi/orical backgr\nd to ?is bold pronunciam5to4 ,at ! "t ( ! introduction ( ,z5 into ,*9a1 mo/ ( ! ,buddhi/s 7 addict$ to ! discussion ( highly metaphysical que/ions1 or satisfi$ ) ! m]ely obs]v+ ( ! e?ical precepts laid d[n by ! ,buddha or ) ! lead+ ( a le?>gic life entirely absorb$ 9 ! contemplation ( ! evanesc5ce ( ?+s worldly4 ,!y all miss$ appreh5d+ ! great fact ( life itself :i* fl[s altoge!r outside ( ^! va9 ex]cises ( ! intellect or ( ! imag9ation4 ,bodhi-,dh>ma & 8 successors recognis$ ?is pitiful /ate ( affairs4 ,h5ce _! proclamation ( 8,! ,f\r ,great ,/atem5ts0 ( ,z5 z above cit$4 ,9 a ^w !y mean t ,z5 has its own way ( po9t+ to ! nature ( "o's own be+ & t :5 ?is is done1 "o atta9s to ,buddhahood 9 :i* all ! contradictions & di/urbances caus$ by ! intellect are entirely h>monis$ 9 a unity ( high] ord]4 ,= ?is reason ,z5 nev] expla9s b indicates1 x does n appeal to circumlocution1 nor does x g5]alise4 ,x always deals ) facts1 concrete & tangible4 ,logically consid]$1 ,z5 may be full ( contradictions & repetitions4 ,b z x /&s above all ?+s1 x goes s]5ely on its own way4 ,z a ,z5 ma/] aptly puts x1 8c>ry+ 8 home-made cane on ! %\ld]1 he goes "r on among ! m\nta9s "o ris+ above ano!r40 ,x does n *all5ge logic1 x simply walks its pa? ( facts1 leav+ all ! re/ to _! own fates4 ,x is only :5 logic neglect+ its prop] functions tries to /ep into ! track ( ,z5 t x l\dly proclaims its pr9ciples & =cibly drives out ! intrud]4 ,z5 is n an enemy ( any?+4 ,!re is no reason :y x %\ld antagonise ! intellect :i* may sometimes be utilis$ = ! cause ( ,z5 itself4 ,to %[ "s examples ( ,z5's direct deal+ ) ! fundam5tal facts ( exi/5ce1 ! foll[+ are select$3 ,r9zaif#da4b 7,l9-*i7 once deliv]$ a s]mon1 say+ 8,ov] a mass ( r$di% fle% !re sits a true man :o has no title2 he is all ! "t com+ 9 & out f y\r s5se-organs4 ,if y h n yet te/ifi$ to ! fact1 ,look6 ,look60 ,a monk came =w>d & ask$1 8,:o is ?is true man ( no title80 ,r9zai came "r d[n f 8 /raw-*air & tak+ hold ( ! monk exclaim$1 8,speak6 ,speak60 ,! monk rema9$ irresolute n kn[+ :at to say1 :]eupon ! ma/] lett+ him g rem>k$1 8,:at wor?less /uff is ?is true man ( no title60 ,r9zai !n w5t /raight back to 8 room4#a4c ,r9zai 0 not$ = 8 8r\gh0 & direct treatm5t ( 8 disciples4 ,he nev] lik$ ^? r\ndab\t deal+s :i* g5]ally *>act]is$ ! me?ods ( a lukew>m ma/]4 ,he mu/ h got ?is directness f 8 own tea*] ,obaku 7,huang-nieh71#a4d by :om he 0 /ruck ?ree times by ask+ :at ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,buddhism 04 ,x goes )\t say+ t ,z5 has no?+ to d ) m]e /rik+ or r\ghly %ak+ ! que/ion]4 ,if y take ?is z con/itut+ ! ess5tials ( ,z51 y w\ld commit ! same gross error z "o :o took ! f+] = ! moon4 ,z 9 ev]y?+ else1 b mo/ p>ticul>ly 9 ,z51 all its outw>d manife/ations or demon/rations mu/ nev] be reg>d$ z f9al4 ,!y j indicate ! way :]e to look = ! facts4 ,!re=e ^! indicators are important1 we _c d well )\t !m4 ,b once caught 9 !m :i* are l entangl+ me%es we are doom$2 = ,z5 c nev] be compreh5d$4 ,"s may ?9k ,z5 is always try+ to cat* y 9 ! net ( logic or by ! sn>e ( words4 ,if y once slip y\r /eps1 y are b\nd = et]nal damnation1 y w nev] get to fre$om = :i* y\r he>ts are s burn+4 ,!re=e1 ,r9zai grasps ) 8 nak$ h&s :at is directly pres5t$ to u all4 ,if a ?ird eye ( ours is op5$ undimm$1 we %all "k 9 a mo/ unmi/akable mann] :]e ,r9zai is driv+ u4 ,we h fir/ ( all to get into ! v _s ( ! ma/] & int]view ! inn] man "r !re4 ,no am\nt ( wordy explanations w ev] lead u into ! nature ( our own selves4 ,! m y expla91 ! fur!r x runs away f y4 ,x is l try+ to get hold ( y\r own %ad[4 ,y run aft] x & x runs ) y at ! id5tical rate ( spe$4 ,:5 y realise x1 y read deep into ! _s ( ,r9zai or ,obaku1 & _! real k9d-he>t$ness w beg9 to be appreciat$4 ,ummonf#ea4e 7,yn-mn71 0 ano!r great ma/] ( ,z5 at ! end ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y4 ,he _h to lose "o ( 8 legs 9 ord] to get an insight into ! life-pr9ciple f :i* ! :ole univ]se takes rise1 includ+ 8 own humble exi/5ce4 ,he _h to visit 8 tea*] ,bokuju 7,mu-*\7#a4f :o 0 a s5ior disciple ( ,r9zai "u ,obaku1 ?ree times be=e he 0 admitt$ to see him4 ,! ma/] ask$1 8,:o are y80 8,i am ,bun-y5 7,wn-y5710 answ]$ ! monk4 7,bun-y5 0 8 "n1 :ile ,ummon 0 ! "n ( ! mona/]y :]e he 0 settl$ lat]74 ,:5 ! tru?-seek+ monk 0 all[$ to g inside ! gate1 ! ma/] took hold ( him by ! *e/ & dem&$1 8,speak6 ,speak60 ,ummon hesitat$1 :]eupon ! ma/] pu%$ him out ( ! gate1 say+1 8,oh1 y good-=-no?+ fell[60f#fa4g ,:ile ! gate 0 ha/ily %ut1 "o ( ,ummon's legs 0 caught & brok54 ,! int5se pa9 result+ f ?is app>5tly awak5$ ! poor fell[ to ! greate/ fact ( life4 ,he 0 no m a solicit\s1 pity-begg+ monk1 ! realisation n[ ga9$ paid m ?an en\gh = ! loss ( 8 leg4 ,he 0 n h[ev] a solit>y in/ance 9 ?is respect1 !re 7 _m su* 9 ! hi/ory ( ,z5 :o 7 will+ to sacrifice a "p ( ! body = ! tru?4 ,says ,confucius3 8,if a man und]/&s ! ,tao 9 ! morn+1 x is well ) him ev5 :5 he dies 9 ! ev5+40 ,"s w\ld feel inde$ t tru? is ( m value ?an m]e liv+1 m]e vegetative or animal liv+4 ,b 9 ! _w1 alas1 !re are s _m liv+ corpses wall[+ 9 ! mud ( ignorance & s5suality4 ,?is is :]e ,z5 is mo/ difficult to und]/&4 ,:y ?is s>ca/ic vitup]ation8 ,:y ?is seem+ he>tlessness8 ,:at fault _h ,ummon to des]ve ! loss ( 8 leg8 ,he 0 a poor tru?-seek+ monk1 e>ne/ly anxi\s to get enlight5m5t f ! ma/]4 ,0 x really necess>y = ! latt] f 8 way ( und]/&+ ,z5 to %ut him out ?ree times1 & :5 ! gate 0 half op5$ to close x aga9 s viol5tly1 s inhumanly8 ,0 ?is ! tru? ( ,buddhism ,ummon 0 s eag] to get8 ,b ! outcome ( all ?is s+ul>ly 0 :at 0 desir$ by bo? ( !m4 ,z to ! ma/]1 he 0 satisfi$ to see ! disciple atta9 an insight into ! secrets ( 8 be+2 & z reg>ds ! disciple he 0 mo/ grateful = all t 0 done to him4 ,evid5tly1 ,z5 is ! mo/ irrational1 inconceivable ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,& ?is is :y ,i said be=e t ,z5 0 n subject to logical analysis or to intellectual treatm5t4 ,x mu/ be directly & p]sonally exp]i5c$ by ea* ( u 9 8 inn] _s4 ,j z two /a9less mirrors reflect ea* o!r1 ! fact & our own spirits mu/ /& fac+ ea* o!r ) no int]v5+ ag5ts4 ,:5 ?is is done1 we are able to seize ^u ! liv+1 pulsat+ fact itself4 ,fre$om is an empty ^w until !n4 ,! fir/ object 0 to escape ! bondage 9 :i* all f9ite be+s f9d !mselves1 b if we d n cut asund] ! v *a9 ( ignorance ) :i* we are b\nd h&s & feet1 :]e %all we look = deliv]ance8 ,& ?is *a9 ( ignorance is wr\ght ( no?+ else b ! intellect & s5su\s infatuation1 :i* cl+ tightly to e ?\ght we may h1 to e feel+ we may ent]ta94 ,!y are h>d to get rid (1 !y are l wet clo!s z is aptly express$ by ! ,z5 ma/]s4 8,we are born free & equal40 ,:atev] ?is may mean socially or politically1 ,z5 ma9ta9s t x is absolutely true 9 ! spiritual doma91 & t all ! fett]s & manacles we seem to be c>ry+ ab\t ourselves are put on lat] ?r\gh ignorance ( ! true condition ( exi/5ce4 ,all ! treatm5ts1 sometimes lit]>y & sometimes physical1 :i* are mo/ lib]ally & k9dhe>t$ly giv5 by ! ma/]s to inquir+ s\ls1 are int5d$ to get !m back to ! orig9al /ate ( fre$om4 ,& ?is is nev] really realis$ until we once p]sonally exp]i5ce x ?r\gh our own ef=ts1 indep5d5t ( any ideational repres5tation4 ,! ultimate /&po9t ( ,z51 !re=e1 is t we h be5 l$ a/ray ?r\gh ignorance to f9d a split 9 our own be+1 t !re 0 f ! v beg9n+ no ne$ = a /ruggle betwe5 ! f9ite & ! inf9ite1 t ! peace we are seek+ s eag]ly aft] has be5 !re all ! "t4 ,sotoba 7,su ,tung-p#8o71#a4h ! not$ ,*9ese poet & /atesman1 expresses ! idea 9 ! foll[+ v]se3 8,mi/y ra9 on ,m\nt ,lu1 ,& waves surg+ 9 ,*-*iang2 ,:5 y h n yet be5 !re1 ,_m a regret surely y h2 ,b once !re & homew>d y w5d1 ,& h[ matt]-(-fact ?+s look6 ,mi/y ra9 on ,m\nt ,lu1 ,& waves surg+ 9 ,*-*iang40#i ,?is is :at is also ass]t$ by ,seig5 ,i%9 7,*#8+-yan ,wei-hs971 accord+ to :om1 8,be=e a man /udies ,z51 to him m\nta9s are m\nta9s & wat]s are wat]s2 aft] he gets an insight into ! tru? ( ,z5 ?r\gh ! in/ruction ( a good ma/]1 m\nta9s to him are n m\nta9s & wat]s are n wat]s2 b aft] ?is :5 he really atta9s to ! abode ( re/1 m\nta9s are once m m\nta9s & wat]s are wat]s40#a4aj ,bokuju 7,mu-*\7 :o liv$ 9 ! latt] half ( ! n9? c5tury1 0 once ask$1 8,we h to dress & eat e day1 & h[ c we escape f all t80 ,! ma/] repli$1 8,we dress1 we eat40 8,i d n und]/& y10 said ! que/ion]4 8,if y don't und]/& put y\r dress on & eat y\r food40#a4aa ,z5 always deals 9 concrete facts & does n indulge 9 g5]alisation4 ,& ,i d n wi% to add unnecess>y legs to ! pa9t$ snake1 b if ,i try to wa/e my philosophical comm5ts on ,bokuju1 ,i may say ?is4 ,we are all f9ite1 we _c live out ( "t & space2 inasmu* z we are e>?-creat$1 !re is no way to grasp ! inf9ite1 h[ c we deliv] ourselves f ! limitations ( exi/5ce8 ,?is is p]haps ! idea put 9 ! fir/ "q ( ! monk1 to :i* ! ma/] replies3 ,salvation mu/ be s\ght 9 ! f9ite itself1 !re is no?+ inf9ite ap>t f f9ite ?+s2 if y seek some?+ transc5d5tal1 t w cut y (f f ?is _w ( relativity1 :i* is ! same ?+ z ! annihilation ( y\rself4 ,y d n want salvation at ! co/ ( y\r own exi/5ce4 ,if s1 dr9k & eat1 & f9d y\r way ( fre$om 9 ?is dr9k+ & eat+4 ,?is 0 too mu* = ! que/ion]1 :o1 !re=e1 confess$ himself z n und]/&+ ! mean+ ( ! ma/]4 ,!re=e1 ! latt] cont9u$3 ,:e!r y und]/& or n1 j ! same g on liv+ 9 ! f9ite1 ) ! f9ite2 = y die if y /op eat+ & keep+ y\rself w>m on acc\nt ( y\r aspiration = ! inf9ite4 ,no matt] h[ y /ruggle1 ,nirvana is to be s\ght 9 ! mid/ ( ,sams>a 7bir?-&-dea?74 ,:e!r an enlight5$ ,z5 ma/] or an ignoramus ( ! fir/ degree1 nei!r c escape ! s-call$ laws ( nature4 ,:5 ! /oma* is empty1 bo? are hungry2 :5 x sn[s1 bo? h to put on an extra flannel4 ,i d n h[ev] mean t !y are bo? mat]ial exi/5ces1 b !y are :at !y are1 reg>dless ( _! conditions ( spiritual developm5t4 ,z ! ,buddhi/ scriptures h x1 ! d>kness ( ! cave itself turns into enlight5m5t :5 a tor* ( spiritual insight burns4 ,x is n t a ?+ call$ d>kness is fir/ tak5 out & ano!r ?+ kn[n by ! "n ( enlight5m5t is c>ri$ 9 lat]1 b t enlight5m5t & d>kness are sub/antially "o & ! same ?+ f ! v beg9n+1 ! *ange f ! "o to ! o!r has tak5 place only inw>dly or subjectively4 ,!re=e1 ! f9ite is ! inf9ite1 & vice v]sa4 ,^! are n two sep>ate ?+s1 ?\gh we are compell$ to conceive !m s1 intellectually4 ,?is is ! idea1 logically int]pret$1 p]haps conta9$ 9 ,bokuju's answ] giv5 to ! monk4 ,! mi/ake consi/s 9 our splitt+ into two :at is really & absolutely "o4 ,is n life "o z we live x1 :i* we cut to pieces by recklessly apply+ ! murd]\s knife ( intellectual surg]y8 ,on be+ reque/$ by ! monks to deliv] a s]mon1 ,hyakujo ,nehan 7,pai-*ang ,nieh-p#8an7#a4ab told !m to "w on ! f>m1 aft] :i* he w\ld give !m a talk on ! great subject ( ,buddhism4 ,!y did z !y 7 told1 & came to ! ma/] = a s]mon1 :5 ! latt]1 )\t say+ a ^w1 m]ely ext5d$ 8 op5 arms t[>ds ! monks4 ,p]haps !re is aft] all no?+ my/]i\s 9 ,z54 ,ev]y?+ is op5 to y\r full view4 ,if y eat y\r food & keep y\rself cleanly dress$ & "w on ! f>m to raise y\r rice or vegetables1 y are do+ all t is requir$ ( y on ?is e>?1 & ! inf9ite is realis$ 9 y4 ,h[ realis$8 ,:5 ,bokuju 0 ask$ :at ,z5 01 he recit$ a ,sanskrit phrase f a ,sutra1 8,mahprajpramit60 79 ,japanese1 ,makahannyah>amii674 ,! inquir] ackn[l$g$ 8 inability to und]/& ! purport ( ! /range phrase1 & ! ma/] put a comm5t on x1 say+1 8,my robe is all worn out aft] s _m ye>s' usage4 ,& p>ts ( x 9 %r$s loosely hang+ h be5 bl[n away to ! cl\ds40#a4ac ,is ! inf9ite aft] all su* a pov]ty-/rick5 m5dicant8 ,:atev] ?is is1 !re is "o ?+ 9 ?is connection :i* we c nev] af=d to lose sight (1 t is1 ! peace or pov]ty 7= peace is only possible 9 pov]ty7 is obta9$ aft] a fi]ce battle f\ght ) ! entire /r5g? ( y\r p]sonality4 ,a cont5tm5t glean$ f idl5ess or f a laissez-faire attitude ( m9d is a ?+ mo/ to be abhorr$4 ,!re is no ,z5 9 ?is1 b slo? & m]e vegetation4 ,! battle mu/ rage 9 its full vig\r & mascul9ity4 ,)\t x1 :atev] peace t obta9s is a simulacrum1 & x has no deep f\ndation1 ! fir/ /orm x may enc\nt] w cru% x to ! gr\nd4 ,z5 is q emphatic 9 ?is4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! moral virility to be f\nd 9 ,z51 ap>t f its my/ic flight1 comes f ! fight+ ( ! battle ( life c\rage\sly & undaunt$ly4 ,f ! e?ical po9t ( view1 !re=e1 ,z5 may be consid]$ a discipl9e aim+ at ! recon/ruction ( "*4 ,our ord9>y life only t\*es ! fr+e ( p]sonality1 x does n cause a commotion 9 ! deepe/ p>ts ( ! s\l4 ,ev5 :5 ! religi\s consci\sness is awak5$1 mo/ ( u lightly pass ov] x s z to leave no m>ks ( a bitt] fight+ on ! s\l4 ,we are ?us made to live on ! sup]ficiality ( ?+s4 ,we may be clev]1 bright1 & all t1 b :at we produce lacks dep?1 s9c]ity1 & does n appeal to ! inmo/ feel+s4 ,"s are utt]ly unable to create any?+ except make%ifts or imitations betray+ _! %all[ness ( "* & want ( spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,:ile ,z5 is prim>ily religi\s1 x also m\lds our moral "*4 ,x may be bett] to say t a deep spiritual exp]i5ce is b\nd to effect a *ange 9 ! moral /ructure ( "o's p]sonality4 ,h[ is ?is s8 ,! tru? ( ,z5 is su* t :5 we want to compreh5d x p5etrat+ly we h to g ?r\gh ) a great /ruggle1 sometimes v long & exact+ con/ant vigilance4 ,to be discipl9$ 9 ,z5 is no easy task4 ,a ,z5 ma/] once rem>k$ t ! life ( a monk c be atta9$ only by a man ( great moral /r5g?1 & t ev5 a m9i/] ( ! /ate _c expect to become a successful monk4 7,let u rem>k "h t 9 ,*9a to be a m9i/] ( ! /ate 0 consid]$ to be ! greate/ a*ievem5t a man c\ld ev] hope = 9 ?is _w47 ,n t a monki% life requires ! au/]e practice ( asceticism1 b t x implies ! elevation ( "o's spiritual p[]s to _! highe/ not*4 ,all ! utt]ances or activities ( ! great ,z5 ma/]s h come f ?is elevation4 ,!y are n int5d$ to be enigmatic or driv+ u to confusion4 ,!y are ! ov]fl[+ ( a s\l fill$ ) deep exp]i5ces4 ,!re=e1 unless we are ourselves elevat$ to ! same height z ! ma/]s1 we _c ga9 ! same comm&+ views ( life4 ,says ,rusk93 8,& be sure also1 if ! au?or is wor? any?+1 t y w n get at 8 mean+ all at once1--nay1 t at 8 :ole mean+ y w n = a long "t arrive 9 any wise4 ,n t he does n say :at he means1 & 9 /rong words too2 b he _c say x all & :at is m /range1 w n1 b 9 a hidd5 way & 9 p>able1 9 ord] t he may be sure y want x4 ,i _c see q ! reason ( ?is1 nor analyse t cruel retic5ce 9 ! brea/s ( wise m5 :i* makes !m always hide _! deep] ?\ght4 ,!y d n give x y by way ( help1 b ( rew>d1 & w make !mselves sure t y des]ve x be=e !y all[ y to rea* x40 ,& ?is key to ! royal treasury ( wisdom is giv5 u only aft] pati5t & pa9ful moral /ruggle4 ,! m9d is ord9>ily *ock-full ) all k9ds ( intellectual nons5se & passional rubbi%4 ,!y are ( c\rse useful 9 _! own ways 9 our daily life4 ,!re is no d5y+ t4 ,b x is *iefly because ( ^! accumulations t we are made mis]able & groan "u ! feel+ ( bondage4 ,ea* "t we want to make a movem5t1 !y fett] u1 !y *oke u1 & ca/ a heavy veil ov] our spiritual horizon4 ,we feel z if we are con/antly liv+ "u re/ra9t4 ,we long = naturalness & fre$om1 yet we d n seem to atta9 !m4 ,! ,z5 ma/]s "k ?is1 = !y h gone ?r\gh ) ! same exp]i5ces once4 ,!y want to h u get rid ( all ^! we>isome burd5s :i* we really d n h to c>ry 9 ord] to live a life ( tru? & enlight5m5t4 ,?us !y utt] a few words & demon/rate ) action t1 :5 rightly compreh5d$1 w deliv] u f ! oppression & tyranny ( ^! intellectual accumulations4 ,b ! compreh5sion does n come to u s easily4 ,be+ s long accu/om$ to ! oppression1 ! m5tal in]tia becomes h>d to remove4 ,9 fact x has gone d[n deep into ! roots ( our own be+1 & ! :ole /ructure ( p]sonality is to be ov]turn$4 ,! process ( recon/ruction is /a9$ ) te>s & blood4 ,b ! height ! great ma/]s h climb$ _c o!rwise be rea*$2 ! tru? ( ,z5 c nev] be atta9$ unless x is attack$ ) ! full =ce ( p]sonality4 ,! passage is /rewn ) ?i/les & brambles1 & ! climb is slipp]y 9 ! extreme4 ,x is no pa/ime b ! mo/ s]i\s task 9 life1 no idl]s w ev] d>e attempt x4 ,x is inde$ a moral anvil on :i* y\r "* is hamm]$ & hamm]$4 ,to ! "q1 8,:at is ,z580 a ma/] gave ?is answ]1 8,boil+ oil ov] a blaz+ fire40#a4ad ,?is scor*+ exp]i5ce we h to g ?r\gh ) be=e ,z5 smiles on u & says1 8,"h is y\r home40 ,"o ( ^! utt]ances by ! ,z5 ma/]s t w /ir a revolution 9 our m9ds is ?is3 ,hkoji 7,p#8ang-yn71 =m]ly a ,confucian1 ask$ ,baso 7,ma-tsu1 -#ghh71 8,:at k9d ( man is he :o does n keep company ) any ?+80 ,repli$ ! ma/]1 8,i w tell y :5 y h swall[$ up 9 "o draught all ! wat]s 9 ! ,we/ ,riv]40#a4ae ,:at an irrelevant reply to ! mo/ s]i\s "q "o c ev] raise 9 ! hi/ory ( ?\ght6 ,x s\nds almo/ sacrilegi\s :5 we "k h[ _m s\ls !re are :o g d[n "u ! weight ( ?is "q4 ,b ,baso's e>ne/ness leaves no room = d\bt z is q well kn[n to all ! /ud5ts ( ,z54 ,9 fact1 ! rise ( ,z5 aft] ! six? patri>*1 ,hui-nng1 0 due to ! brilliant c>e] ( ,baso "u :om !re arose m ?an eighty fully-qualifi$ ma/]s1 & ,hkoji :o 0 "o ( ! =emo/ lay disciples ( ,z51 e>n$ a well-des]v$ reputation z ! ,vimalakrti ( ,*9ese ,buddhism4 ,a talk betwe5 two su* vet]an ,z5 ma/]s c\ld n be an idle sport4 ,h[ev] easy & ev5 c>eless x may appe>1 !re is hidd5 9 x a mo/ preci\s gem 9 ! lit]ature ( ,z54 ,we d n "k h[ _m /ud5ts ( ,z5 7 made to sweat & cry 9 te>s because ( ! inscrutability ( ?is /atem5t ( ,baso's4 ,to give ano!r in/ance3 a monk ask$ ! ma/] ,%9 ( ,*sa 7,*ang-%a ,*+-*#8n71 8,:]e has ,nans5 7,nan-*#8an7 gone aft] 8 dea?80 ,repli$ ! ma/]1 8,:5 ,sekito 7,%ih-t\7 0 /ill 9 ! ord] ( "y novitiates1 he saw ! six? patri>*40 8,i am n ask+ ab\t ! "y novitiate4 ,:at ,i wi% to "k is1 :]e is ,nans5 gone aft] 8 dea?80 8,z to t10 said ! ma/]1 8x makes "o ?9k40#a4af ,! immortality ( ! s\l is ano!r big "q4 ,! hi/ory ( religion is built ^u ?is "o "q1 "o may almo/ say4 ,ev]ybody wants to "k ab\t life aft] dea?4 ,:]e d we g :5 we pass away f ?is e>?8 ,is !re really ano!r life8 or is ! end ( ?is ! end ( all8 ,:ile !re may be _m :o d n worry !mselves z to ! ultimate significance ( ! solit>y1 8companionless0 ,"o1 !re are none p]haps :o h n once at lea/ 9 _! lives ask$ !mselves conc]n+ _! de/9y aft] dea?4 ,:e!r ,sekito :5 "y saw ! six? patri>* or n1 does n seem to h any inh]5t connection ) ! dep>ture ( ,nans54 ,! latt] 0 ! tea*] ( ,*sa1 & naturally ! monk ask$ him :i!r ! tea*] f9ally pass$4 ,*sa's answ] is no answ]1 judg$ by ! ord9>y rules ( logic4 ,h5ce ! second "q1 b /ill a sort ( equivocation f ! lips ( ! ma/]4 ,:at does ?is 8mak+ "o ?9k0 expla98 ,f ?is x is app>5t t ,z5 is "o ?+ & logic ano!r4 ,:5 we fail to make ?is di/9ction & expect ( ,z5 to give u some?+ logically consi/5t & intellectually illum9at+1 we altoge!r mis9t]pret ! signification ( ,z54 ,did ,i n /ate 9 ! beg9n+ t ,z5 deals ) facts & n ) g5]alisations8 ,& ?is is ! v po9t :]e ,z5 goes /raight d[n to ! f\ndations ( p]sonality4 ,! intellect ord9>ily does n lead u !re1 = we d n live 9 ! intellect1 b 9 ! w4 ,bro!r ,lawr5ce speaks ! tru? :5 he says 78,! ,practice ( ! ,pres5ce ( ,god071 8,t we ought to make a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! acts ( ! und]/&+ & ^? ( ! w3 t ! fir/ 7 comp>atively ( little value1 & ! o!rs1 all40 ,z5 lit]ature is all brimful ( su* /atem5ts1 :i* seem to h be5 utt]$ s casually1 s innoc5tly1 b ^? :o actually "k :at ,z5 is w te/ify to ! fact t all ^! utt]ances dropp$ s naturally f ! lips ( ! ma/]s are l deadly poisons1 t :5 !y are once tak5 9 !y cause su* a viol5t pa9 z to make "o's inte/9es wriggle n9e times & m1 z ! ,*9ese w\ld express x4 ,b x is only aft] su* pa9 & turbul5ce t all ! int]nal impurities are purg$ & "o is born ) q a new outlook on life4 ,x is /range t ,z5 gr[s intelligible :5 ^! m5tal /ruggles are gone ?r\gh4 ,b ! fact is t ,z5 is an exp]i5ce actual & p]sonal1 & n a k to be ga9$ by analysis or comp>ison4 8,d n talk poetry except to a poet2 only ! sick "k h[ to sympa?ise ) ! sick40 ,?is expla9s ! :ole situation4 ,our m9ds are to be s matur$ z to be 9 tune ) ^? ( ! ma/]s4 ,let ?is be accompli%$1 & :5 "o /r+ is /ruck1 ! o!r w inevitably respond4 ,h>moni\s notes always result f ! sympa!tic resonance ( two or m *ords4 ,& :at ,z5 does = u is to prep>e our m9ds to be yield+ & appreciative recipi5ts ( old ma/]s4 ,9 o!r words1 psy*ologically ,z5 releases :atev] en]gies we may h 9 /ore1 ( :i* we are n consci\s 9 ord9>y circum/ances4 ,"s say t ,z5 is self-sugge/ion4 ,b ?is does n expla9 any?+4 ,:5 ! ^w 8,yamato-dama%i0 is m5tion$1 x seems to awak5 9 mo/ ,japanese a f]v5t patriotic passion4 ,! *ildr5 are taught to respect ! flag ( ! ris+ sun1 & :5 ! soldi]s come 9 front ( ! regim5tal col\rs !y involunt>ily salute4 ,:5 a boy is reproa*$ = n act+ l a little samurai & disgrac+ ! "n ( 8 ance/or1 he at once mu/]s 8 c\rage & w resi/ temptations4 ,all ^! ideas are en]gy-releas+ ideas = ! ,japanese1 & ?is release1 accord+ to "s psy*ologi/s1 is self-sugge/ion4 ,social conv5tions & imitative in/9cts may also be reg>d$ z self-sugge/ions4 ,s is moral discipl9e4 ,an example is giv5 to ! /ud5ts to foll[ or imitate x4 ,! idea gradually takes root 9 !m ?r\gh sugge/ion1 & !y f9ally come to act z if x 7 _! own4 ,self-sugge/ion is a b>r5 !ory1 x does n expla9 any?+4 ,:5 !y say t ,z5 is self-sugge/ion1 d we get any cle>] idea ( ,z58 ,"s ?9k x sci5tific to call c]ta9 ph5om5a by a t]m newly come into fa%ion1 & re/ satisfi$ ) x z if !y dispos$ ( !m 9 an illum9at+ way4 ,! /udy ( ,z5 mu/ be tak5 up by ! pr(\nd] psy*ologi/s4 ,"s ?9k t !re is /ill an unkn[n region 9 our consci\sness :i* has n yet be5 ?or\ghly & sy/ematically explor$4 ,x is sometimes call$ ! ,unconsci\s or ! ,subconsci\s4 ,?is is a t]ritory fill$ ) d>k images1 & naturally mo/ sci5ti/s are afraid ( tread+ ^u x4 ,b ?is mu/ n be tak5 z d5y+ ! fact ( its exi/5ce4 ,j z our ord9>y field ( consci\sness is fill$ ) all possible k9ds ( images1 b5eficial & h>mful1 sy/ematic & confus+1 cle> & obscure1 =cefully ass]tive & weakly fad+2 s is ! ,subconsci\s a /oreh\se ( e =m ( occultism or my/icism1 und]/&+ by ! t]m all t is kn[n z lat5t or abnormal or psy*ic or spirituali/ic4 ,! p[] to see into ! nature ( "o's own be+ may lie also hidd5 !re1 & :at ,z5 awak5s 9 our consci\sness may be t4 ,at any rate ! ma/]s speak figuratively ( ! op5+ ( a ?ird eye4 8,satori0 is ! popul> "n giv5 to ?is op5+ or awak5+4 ,h[ is ?is to be effect$8 ,by m$itat+ on ^? utt]ances or actions t are directly p\r$ out f ! inn] region undimm$ by ! intellect or ! imag9ation1 & t are calculat$ successfully to ext]m9ate all ! turmoils aris+ f ignorance & confusion4f#g ,x may be int]e/+ to read]s 9 ?is connection to get acqua9t$ ) "s ( ! me?odsf#h us$ by ! ma/]s 9 ord] to op5 ! spiritual eye ( ! disciple4 ,x is natural t !y frequ5tly make use ( ! v>i\s religi\s insignia :i* !y c>ry :5 go+ out to ! ,hall ( ! ,dh>ma4 ,su* are g5]ally ! 8hossu10f#i 8%ippe10f#aj 8nyoi10f#aa or 8%ujyo0 7or a /aff74#a4ag ,! la/-m5tion$ seems to h be5 ! mo/ fav\rite in/rum5t us$ 9 ! demon/ration ( ! tru? ( ,z54 ,let me cite "s examples ( its use4 ,accord+ to ,y-ryo 7,hui-lng71 ( ,*kei 7,*ang-*#8+71#a4ah 8:5 "o kn[s :at t /aff is1 "o's life /udy ( ,z5 comes to an end40 ,?is rem9ds u ( ,t5nyson's fl[] 9 ! cranni$ wall4 ,= :5 we und]/& ! reason ( ! /aff1 we "k 8:at ,god & man is10 t is to say1 we get an insight into ! nature ( our own be+1 & ?is insight f9ally puts a /op to all ! d\bts & hank]+s t h upset our m5tal tranquillity4 ,! significance ( ! /aff 9 ,z5 c ?us readily be compreh5d$4 ,y-sei 7,hui-*#8+71 ( ,ba%o 7,pa-*iao71 probably ( ! t5? c5tury1 once made ! foll[+ decl>ation3 8,:5 y h a /aff1 ,i w give y "o2 :5 y h none1 ,i w take x away f y40#a4ai ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic /atem5ts ( ,z51 b lat] ,bokitsu 7,mu-*i71 ( ,daiyi 7,ta-wei71 0 bold en\gh to *all5ge ?is by say+ :at directly contradicts x1 viz41 8,z to myself1 ,i diff] f him4 ,:5 y h a /aff1 ,i w take x away f y2 & :5 y h none1 ,i w give y "o4 ,?is is my /atem5t4 ,c y make use ( ! /aff8 or c y n8 ,if y c1 ,tokusan 7,t-%an7 w be y\r vangu>d & ,r9zai 7,l9-*i7 y\r re>gu>d4 ,b if y _c1 let x be re/or$ to its orig9al ma/]40#a4bj ,a monk approa*$ ,bokuju & said1 8,:at is ! /atem5t surpass+ ! wisdom ( all ,buddhas & ,patri>*s80 ,! ma/] in/antly held =? 8 /aff be=e ! congregation1 & said1 8,i call ?is a /aff1 & :at d y call x80 ,! monk :o ask$ ! "q utt]$ n a ^w4 ,! ma/] hold+ x out aga91 said1 8,a /atem5t surpass+ ! wisdom ( all ,buddhas & ,patri>*s1--0 t n y\r "q1 ,o monk80#a4ba ,to ^? :o c>elessly g ov] su* rem>ks z ,bokuju's may reg>d !m z q nons5sical4 ,:e!r ! /ick is call$ a /aff or n1 x does n seem to matt] v mu* z f> z ! div9e wisdom surpass+ ! limits ( our k is conc]n$4 ,b ! "o made by ,ummon1 ano!r great ma/] ( ,z51 is p]haps m accessible4 ,he also once lift$ 8 /aff be=e a congregation & rem>k$3 8,9 ! scriptures we read t ! ignorant take ?is = a real ?+1 ! ,h9ayani/s resolve x into a non5tity1 ! ,pratyekabuddhas reg>d x z a halluc9ation1 :ile ! ,bodhisattvas admit its app>5t reality1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 ess5tially empty40 8,b10 cont9u$ ! ma/]1 8monks1 y simply call x a /aff :5 y see "o4 ,walk or sit z y w1 b d n /& irresolute40#a4bb ,! same old insignificant /aff & yet m my/ical /atem5ts f ,ummon4 ,"o day 8 ann\ncem5t 03 8,my /aff has turn$ into a dragon1 & x has swall[$ up ! :ole univ]se2 :]e w\ld ! great e>? ) its m\nta9s & riv]s be80#a4bc ,on ano!r occasion1 ,ummon1 quot+ an anci5t ,buddhi/ philosoph] :o said t 8,knock at ! empt9ess ( space & y he> a voice2 /rike a piece ( wood & !re is no s\nd10 ,ummon took out 8 /aff1 & /rik+ space1 he cri$1 8,oh1 h[ x hurts60 ,!n tapp+ at ! bo>d1 he ask$1 8,any noise80 ,a monk respond$1 8,yes1 !re is a noise40f#aba4bd ,!reupon exclaim$ ! ma/]1 8,o y ignoramus60 ,if ,i g on l ?is1 !re w be no end4 ,s ,i /op1 b expect "s ( y ask+ me ! foll[+ que/ions3 8,h ^! utt]ances any?+ to d ) "o's see+ into ! nature ( "o's be+8 ,is !re any relation%ip possible betwe5 ^? app>5tly nons5sical talks ab\t ! /aff & ! all-important problem ( ! reality ( life80 ,9 answ] ,i app5d ^! two passages1 "o f ,jimyo 7,tz#8u-m+7#a4bf & ! o!r f ,y5go 7,yan-wu73 ,9 "o ( 8 s]mons1 ,jimyo said3 8,z soon z "o p>ticle ( du/ is rais$1 ! great e>? manife/s itself !re 9 its entirety4 ,9 "o lion are reveal$ millions ( lions1 & 9 millions ( lions is reveal$ "o lion4 ,?\s&s & ?\s&s ( !m !re are inde$1 b "k ye j "o1 "o only40 ,s say+ he lift$ up 8 /aff1 & cont9u$1 8,"h is my own /aff1 & :]e is t "o lion80 ,bur/+ out into a 8,kwats0 7h71 he set ! /aff d[n1 & left ! pulpit4 ,9 ! ,hekigan 7,pi-y5-lu71f#ac ,y5go expresses ! same idea 9 8 introductory rem>k to ! 8"o f+] ,z50 ( ,gutei 7,*h-*ih i *ih t#8ou *#8an7f#ad3a4bg 8,"o p>ticle ( du/ is rais$ & ! great e>? lies !re92 "o fl[] blooms & ! univ]se rises ) x4 ,b :]e %\ld our eye be fix$ :5 ! du/ is n yet /irr$ & ! fl[] has n yet bloom$8 ,!re=e1 x is said t1 l cutt+ a bundle ( ?read1 "o cut cuts all asund]2 aga91 l dye+ a bundle ( ?read1 "o dye+ dyes all 9 ! same col\r4 ,n[ y\rself get out ( all ! entangl+ relations & rip !m up to pieces1 b d n lose track ( y\r inn] treasure2 = x is ?r\gh ?is t ! high & ! l[ univ]sally respond+ & ! advanc$ & ! backw>d mak+ no di/9ction1 ea* manife/s itself 9 full p]fection40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =ego+ sket* ( ,z5 ,i hope w give ! read] a g5]al1 ?\gh necess>ily vague1 idea ( ,z5 z x is & has be5 taught 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ = m ?an "o ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 :at foll[s ,i w try fir/ to seek ! orig9 ( ,z5 9 ! spiritual enlight5m5t itself ( ! ,buddha2 = ,z5 has be5 frequ5tly criticis$ = deviat+ too f> f :at is popul>ly und]/ood to be ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha z x is record$ especially 9 ! gamas or ,nikyas4 ,:ile ,z51 z x is1 is no d\bt ! native product ( ! ,*9ese m9d1 ! l9e ( its developm5t mu/ be trac$ back to ! p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! ,indian f\nd] himself4 ,unless ?is is und]/ood 9 connection ) ! psy*ological *>act]i/ics ( ! p1 ! gr[? ( ,z5 among ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/s w\ld be un9telligible4 ,z5 is aft] all "o ( ! ,mahayana s*ools ( ,buddhism %orn ( its ,indian g>b4 ,next ,i h tri$ to write a hi/ory ( ,z5 9 ,*9a aft] ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 :o is ! real au?or ( ! s*ool4 ,z5 0 quietly matur$ & transmitt$ by ! five successive patri>*s s-call$ aft] ! pass+ ( ! fir/ propagator f ,india4 ,:5 ,hui-nng1 ! six? patri>*1 began to tea* ! gospel ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 x 0 no m ,indian b ?or\ghly ,*9ese1 & :at we call ,z5 n[ 9 ! =m z we h x1 dates f him4 ,! c\rse ?us def9itely giv5 %ape by ! six? patri>* to ! developm5t ( ,z5 9 ,*9a ga9$ its /r5g? n only 9 volume b 9 cont5t by ! ma/]ful h&l+ ( x by ! spiritual desc5dants ( ,hui-nng4 ,! fir/ section ( ! ,*9ese hi/ory ( ,z5 !re=e naturally closes ) him4 ,z ! c5tral fact ( ,z5 lies 9 ! atta9m5t ( 8satori0 or ! op5+ ( a spiritual eye1 ,i h next dwelt ^u ! subject4 ,! treatm5t is some:at popul>1 = ! ma9 idea is to pres5t ! fact t !re is su* a ?+ z an intuitional und]/&+ ( ! tru? ( ,z51 :i* is 8satori10 & also to illu/rate ! uniqu5ess ( 8satori0 z exp]i5c$ by ,z5 devotees4 ,:5 we und]/& ! significance ( 8satori0 9 ,z51 we may logically wi% to "k some?+ ab\t ! me?ods :]eby ! ma/]s contrive to br+ ab\t su* a revolution>y exp]i5ce1 m or less noetic1 9 ! m9ds ( ! /ud5ts4 ,"s ( ! practical ,z5 me?ods resort$ to by ! ma/]s are classifi$ "u a c]ta9 numb] ( head+s1 b 9 ?is classification ,i h n attempt$ to be ?or\ghly exhau/ive "h4 ,! ,m$itation ,hall is an in/itution q peculi> to ,z5 ,buddhism1 & ^? :o want to "k some?+ ab\t ,z5 & its educational sy/em _c af=d to ignore ! subject4 ,?is unique organ ( ,z5 ,buddhism h[ev] has nev] be5 describ$ be=e4 ,! read] ,i hope w f9d "h a subject int]e/+ en\gh = 8 ?or\gh inve/igation4 ,:ile ,z5 claims to be ! 8ultra-abrupt0 w+ ( ,buddhism1 x has a well-m>k$ gradation 9 its progress t[>ds ! ultimate goal4 ,h5ce ! conclud+ *apt] on 8,! ,t5 ,c[-h]d+ ,pictures40 ,!re are _m m topics ) :i* "o ought to be acqua9t$ 9 ! /udy ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 & "s ( !m1 consid]$ by ! au?or ! m important1 w be treat$ 9 ! second s]ies ( ! ,essays4 ,,z5 ,,z ,,*9ese ,,int]pretation ,,( ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,enlight5m5t ,,z5 ,,z ,,*9ese ,,int]pretation ,,( ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,enlight5m5t ,=eword ,be=e ,i proce$ to ! discussion ( ! ma9 idea ( ?is essay1 :i* is to consid] ,z5 ! ,*9ese way ( apply+ ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t 9 our practical life1 ,i wi% to make "s prelim9>y rem>ks conc]n+ ! attitude ( "s ,z5 critics & !reby to def9e ! position ( ,z5 9 ! g5]al body ( ,buddhism4 ,accord+ to !m1 ,z5 ,buddhism is n ,buddhism1 x is some?+ =eign to ! _s ( ,buddhism1 & t x is "o ( ^? ab]rations :i* we (t5 see gr[+ up 9 ! hi/ory ( any religion4 ,z5 is ?us1 !y ?9k1 an abnormality prevail+ among ! p ^: ?\ght & feel+ fl[ along a *annel diff]5t f ! ma9 curr5t ( ,buddhi/ ?\ght4 ,:e!r ?is allegation is true or n1 w be decid$1 on ! "o h&1 :5 we und]/& :at is really ! ess5ce or g5u9e _s ( ,buddhism1 &1 on ! o!r1 :5 we "k ! exact /atus ( ,z5 doctr9e 9 reg>d to ! rul+ ideas ( ,buddhism z !y are accept$ 9 ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,x may also be desirable to "k some?+ ab\t ! developm5t ( religi\s exp]i5ce 9 g5]al4 ,:5 we are n prep>$ ?or\ghly to und]/& ^! que/ions 9 ! light ( ! hi/ory & philosophy ( religion1 we may come dogmatically to ass]t t ,z5 is n ,buddhism j because x looks s diff]5t on its surface f :at "s p ) a c]ta9 set ( preconceiv$ notions consid] ,buddhism to be4 ,! /atem5t ( my position z reg>ds ^! po9ts w !re=e pave ! way to ! developm5t ( ! pr9cipal !sis4 ,sup]ficially1 inde$1 !re is some?+ 9 ,z5 s biz>re & ev5 irrational1 z to fright5 ! pi\s lit]>y foll[]s ( ! s-call$ primitive ,buddhism & to make !m decl>e t ,z5 is n ,buddhism b a ,*9ese anomaly ( x4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 w\ld !y really make out ( su* /atem5ts z foll[s3 ,9 ! ,say+s ( ,nan-*#8an#b4l we read t1 :5 ,ts#8ui1 gov]nor ( ,*#8i ,di/rict1 ask$ ! fif? patri>* ( ! ,z5 sect1 t is1 ,hung-jn1 h[ x 0 t :ile he _h five hundr$ foll[]s1 ,hui-nng1 9 pref]5ce to all o!rs1 0 s+l$ out to be giv5 ! or?odox robe ( transmission z ! six? patri>*1 repli$ ! fif? patri>*3 8,f\r hundr$ & n9ety-n9e out ( my disciples und]/& well :at ,buddhism is1 except "o ,hui-nng4 ,he is a man n to be measur$ by an ord9>y /&>d4 ,h5ce ! robe ( fai? 0 h&$ ov] to him40 ,on ?is comm5ts ,nan-*#8an3 8,9 ! age ( ,void !re are no words :atev]2 z soon z ! ,buddha appe>s on e>?1 words come into exi/5ce1 h5ce our cl++ to signs4444 ,& ?us z we n[ s firmly take hold ( words1 we limit ourselves 9 v>i\s ways1 :ile 9 ! ,great ,way !re are absolutely no su* ?+s z ignorance or hol9ess4 ,ev]y?+ t has a "n !reby limits itself4 ,!re=e1 ! old ma/] ( ,*iang-hsi decl>$ t #8x is nei!r m9d1 nor ,buddha1 nor a ?+4' ,x 0 9 ?is way t he wi%$ to guide 8 foll[]s1 :ile ^! days !y va9ly endeav\r to exp]i5ce ! ,great ,way by hypo/atis+ su* an entity z m9d4 ,if ! ,way c\ld be ma/]$ 9 ?is mann]1 x w\ld be well = !m to wait until ! appe>ance ( ,maitreya ,buddha :i* is said to be at ! end ( ! _w & !n to awak5 ! enlight5m5t-?\ght4 ,h[ c\ld su* ones ev] hope = spiritual fre$om8 ,"u ! fif? patri>*1 all ( 8 five hundr$ disciples1 except "o ,hui-nng1 und]/ood ,buddhism well4 ,! lay-disciple1 ,nng1 0 q unique 9 ?is respect1 = he did n at all und]/& ,buddhism4f#ae ,he und]/ood ! ,way only & no o!r ?+40 ,^! are n v extraord9>y /atem5ts 9 ,z51 b to mo/ ( ! ,z5 critics !y mu/ spell abom9ation4 ,buddhism is flatly d5i$1 & its k is reg>d$ n to be indisp5sable to ! ma/]y ( ,z51 ! ,great ,way1 :i* on ! contr>y is m or less id5tifi$ ) ! negation ( ,buddhism4 ,h[ is ?is8 ,9 ! foll[+ pages an attempt is made to answ] ?is "q4 ,! ,life & ,_s ( ,buddhism ,to make ?is po9t cle> & to ju/ify ! claim = ,z5 t x transmits ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism & n its =mulat$ articles ( fai? z are record$ 9 lett]s1 x is necess>y to /rip ! _s ( ,buddhism (f all its out] cas+s & app5dages1 :i*1 h9d]+ ! work+ ( its orig9al life-=ce1 are apt to make u take ! uness5tial = ! ess5tial4 ,we "k t ! acorn is s diff]5t f ! oak1 b z long z !re is a cont9uation ( gr[?1 _! id5tity is a logical conclusion4 ,to see really into ! nature ( ! acorn is to trace an un9t]rupt$ developm5t ?r\gh its v>i\s hi/orical /ages4 ,:5 ! se$ rema9s a se$ & means no?+ m1 !re is no life 9 x1 x is a f9i%$ piece ( "w & except z an object ( hi/orical curiosity1 x has no value :atev] 9 our religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,9 l mann]1 to det]m9e ! nature ( ,buddhism we mu/ g along its :ole l9e ( developm5t & see :at are ! heal?ie/ & mo/ vital g]ms 9 x :i* h br\ght x to ! pres5t /ate ( maturity4 ,:5 ?is is done1 we %all see 9 :at mann] ,z5 is to be recognis$ z "o ( ! v>i\s phases ( ,buddhism & 9 fact z ! mo/ ess5tial factor 9 x4 ,to compreh5d fully1 !re=e1 ! con/itution ( any exi/5t religion t has a long hi/ory1 x is advisable to sep>ate its f\nd] f 8 tea*+1 z a mo/ p[]ful det]m9ant 9 ! developm5t ( ! latt]4 ,by ?is ,i mean1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! f\nd] s call$ _h 9 ! beg9n+ no idea ( be+ ! f\nd] ( any religi\s sy/em :i* w\ld lat] gr[ up 9 8 "n2 9 ! second t to 8 disciples1 :ile he 0 yet alive1 8 p]sonality 0 n reg>d$ z indep5d5t ( 8 tea*+1 at lea/ z f> z !y 7 consci\s ( ! fact2 9 ! ?ird t :at 0 unconsci\sly work+ 9 _! m9ds z reg>ds ! nature ( _! ma/]'s p]sonality came out 9 ! =egr\nd aft] 8 pass+ ) all ! possible int5sity t _h be5 lat5tly ga9+ /r5g? )9 !m1 & la/ly t ! p]sonality ( ! f\nd] grew up 9 8 disciples' m9ds s p[]ful z to make itself ! v nucleus ( 8 tea*+1 t is to say1 ! latt] 0 made to s]ve z explanation ( ! mean+ ( ! =m]4 ,x is a great mi/ake to ?9k t any exi/5t religi\s sy/em 0 h&$ d[n to po/]ity by its f\nd] z ! fully matur$ product ( 8 m9d1 &1 !re=e1 t :at ! foll[]s _h to d ) _! religi\s f\nd] & 8 tea*+ 0 to embrace bo? ! f\nd] & 8 tea*+ z sacr$ h]itage--a treasure n to be pr(an$ by ! cont5t ( _! individual spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,= ?is view fails to take into consid]ation :at our spiritual life is & petrifies religion to its v core4 ,?is /atic cons]vatism1 h[ev]1 is always oppos$ by a progressive p>ty :i* looks at a religi\s sy/em f a dynamic po9t ( view4 ,& ^! two =ces :i* are se5 conflict+ aga9/ ea* o!r 9 e field ( human activity1 weave out ! hi/ory ( religion z 9 o!r cases4 ,9 fact1 hi/ory is ! record ( ^! /ruggles ev]y:]e4 ,b ! v fact t !re are su* /ruggles 9 religion %[s t !y are "h to "s purpose & t religion is a liv+ =ce2 = !y gradually br+ to light ! hidd5 implications ( ! orig9al fai? & enri* x 9 a mann] undream$ ( 9 ! beg9n+4 ,?is takes place n only ) reg>d to ! p]sonality ( ! f\nd] b ) reg>d to 8 tea*+1 & ! result is an a/\nd+ complexity or r confusion :i* sometimes prev5ts u f prop]ly see+ into ! con/itution ( a liv+ religi\s sy/em4 ,:ile ! f\nd] 0 /ill walk+ among 8 foll[]s & disciples1 ! latt] did n di/+ui% betwe5 ! p]son ( _! lead] & 8 tea*+2 = ! tea*+ 0 realis$ 9 ! p]son & ! p]son 0 liv+ly expla9$ 9 ! tea*+4 ,to embrace ! tea*+ 0 to foll[ 8 /eps1 t is1 to believe 9 him4 ,8 pres5ce among !m 0 en\gh to inspire !m & conv9ce !m ( ! tru? ( 8 tea*+4 ,!y might n h compreh5d$ x ?or\ghly1 b 8 au?oritative way ( pres5t+ x left 9 _! he>ts no %ad[ ( d\bt z to its tru? & et]nal value4 ,s long z he liv$ among !m & spoke to !m1 8 tea*+ & 8 p]son appeal$ to !m z an individual unity4 ,ev5 :5 !y retir$ into a solit>y place & m$itat$ on ! tru? ( 8 tea*+1 :i* !y did z a =m ( spiritual discipl9e1 ! image ( 8 p]son 0 always be=e _! m5tal eyes4 ,b ?+s w5t diff]5tly :5 8 /ately & inspir+ p]sonality 0 no m se5 9 ! fle%4 ,8 tea*+ 0 /ill !re1 8 foll[]s c\ld recite x p]fectly f memory1 b its p]sonal connection ) ! au?or 0 lo/1 ! liv+ *a9 :i* solidly unit$ him & 8 doctr9e z "o 0 = ev] brok54 ,:5 !y reflect$ on ! tru? ( ! doctr9e1 !y c\ld n help ?9k+ ( _! tea*] z a s\l f> deep] & nobl] ?an !mselves4 ,! simil>ities t 71 ei!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 recognis$ z exi/+ 9 v>i\s =ms betwe5 lead] & disciple gradually vani%$1 & z !y vani%$1 ! o!r side1 t is1 t :i* made him s di/9ctly diff]5t f 8 foll[]s came to ass]t itself all ! m emphatically & irresi/ibly4 ,! result 0 ! conviction t he mu/ h come f q a unique spiritual s\rce4 ,! process ( deification ?us con/antly w5t on until1 "s c5turies aft] ! dea? ( ! ,ma/]1 he became a direct manife/ation ( ! ,supreme ,be+ himself1 9 fact1 he 0 ! ,highe/ ,"o 9 ! fle%1 9 him !re 0 a div9e humanity 9 p]fect realisation4 ,he 0 ,son ( ,god or ! ,buddha & ! ,r$eem] ( ! _w4 ,he w !n be consid]$ by himself indep5d5tly ( 8 tea*+2 he w occupy ! c5tre ( int]e/ 9 ! eyes ( 8 foll[]s4 ,! tea*+ is ( c\rse important1 b ma9ly z hav+ come f ! m\? ( su* an exalt$ _s1 & n necess>ily z conta9+ ! tru? ( love or ,enlight5m5t4 ,inde$1 ! tea*+ is to be int]pret$ 9 ! light ( ! tea*]'s div9e p]sonality4 ,! latt] n[ pr$om9ates ov] ! :ole sy/em1 he is ! c5tre :5ce radiate ! rays ( ,enlight5m5t1 salvation is only possible 9 believ+ 9 him z savi\r4f#af ,ar\nd ?is p]sonality or ?is div9e nature !re w n[ gr[ v>i\s sy/ems ( philosophy ess5tially bas$ on 8 own tea*+1 b m or less modifi$ accord+ to ! spiritual exp]i5ces ( ! disciples4 ,?is w\ld p]haps nev] h tak5 place if ! p]sonality ( ! f\nd] 7 n su* z to /ir up ! deep religi\s feel+s 9 ! he>ts ( 8 foll[]s2 :i* is to say1 :at mo/ attract$ ! latt] to ! tea*+ 0 n prim>ily ! tea*+ itself b t :i* gave life to x1 & )\t :i* x w\ld nev] h be5 :at x 04 ,we are n always conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( a /atem5t because x is s logically advanc$1 b ma9ly because !re is an inspir+ life-impulse runn+ ?r\gh x4 ,we are fir/ /ruck ) x & lat] try to v]ify its tru?4 ,! und]/&+ is ne$$1 b ?is alone w nev] move u to risk ! fate ( our s\ls4 ,"o ( ! greate/ religi\s s\ls 9 ,japan once confess$1f#ag 8,i d n c>e :e!r ,i g to hell or else:]e1 b because my old ma/] taught me to invoke ! "n ( ! ,buddha1 ,i practise ! tea*+40 ,?is 0 n a bl9d acceptance ( ! ma/]1 9 :om !re 0 some?+ deeply appeal+ to "o's s\l1 & ! disciple embrac$ ?is some?+ ) 8 :ole be+4 ,m]e logic nev] moves u2 !re mu/ be some?+ transc5d+ ! intellect4 ,:5 ,paul insi/$ t 8if ,*ri/ be n rais$1 y\r fai? is va92 ye are yet 9 y\r s9s10 he 0 n appeal+ to our logical idea ( ?+s1 b to our spiritual ye>n+s4 ,x did n matt] :e!r ?+s exi/$ z facts ( *ronological hi/ory or n1 ! vital conc]n ( ours 0 ! fulfilm5t ( our inmo/ inspirations2 ev5 s-call$ objective facts c\ld be s m\ld$ z to yield ! be/ result to ! requirem5ts ( our spiritual life4 ,! p]sonality ( ! f\nd] ( any religi\s sy/em t has surviv$ ?r\gh c5turies ( gr[? mu/ h _h all ! qualities t fully meet su* spiritual requirem5ts4 ,z soon z ! p]son & 8 tea*+ are sep>at$ aft] 8 own pass+ 9 ! religi\s consci\sness ( 8 foll[]s1 if he 0 suffici5tly great1 he w at once occupy ! c5tre ( _! spiritual int]e/ & all 8 tea*+s w be made to expla9 ?is fact 9 v>i\s ways4 ,to /ate x m concretely1 h[ mu* ,*ri/ianity1 = in/ance1 z we h x to-day is ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ himself8 & h[ mu* ( x is ! contribution ( ,paul1 ,john1 ,pet]1 ,augu/9e1 & ev5 ,ari/otle8 ,! magnific5t /ructure ( ,*ri/ian dogmatics is ! "w ( ,*ri/ian fai? z has be5 exp]i5c$ successively by its lead]s1 x is n ! "w ( "o p]son1 ev5 ( ,*ri/4 ,= dogmatics is n necess>ily always conc]n$ ) hi/orical facts :i* are r second>y 9 importance comp>$ ) ! religi\s tru? ( ,*ri/ianity3 ! latt] is :at ought to be r ?an :at is or :at 04 ,x aims at ! e/abli%m5t ( :at is univ]sally valid1 :i* is n to be jeop>dis$ by ! fact or non-fact ( hi/orical elem5ts1 z is ma9ta9$ by "s ( ! mod]n expon5ts ( ,*ri/ian dogmatics4 ,:e!r ,*ri/ really claim$ to be ! ,messiah or n is a great hi/orical discussion /ill unsettl$ among ,*ri/ian !ologians4 ,"s say t x does n make any diff]5ce z f> z ,*ri/ian fai? is conc]n$ :e!r or n ,*ri/ claim$ to be ! ,messiah4 ,9 spite ( all su* !ological difficulties1 ,*ri/ is ! c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,*ri/ian edifice is built ar\nd ! p]son ( ,jesus4 ,buddhi/s may accept "s ( 8 tea*+s & sympa?ise ) ! cont5t ( 8 religi\s exp]i5ce1 b s long z !y d n *]i% any fai? 9 ,jesus z 8,*ri/0 or ,"l1 !y are n ,*ri/ians4 ,*ri/ianity is !re=e con/itut$ n only ) ! tea*+ ( ,jesus himself b ) all ! dogmatical & speculative int]pretations conc]n+ ! p]sonality ( ,jesus & 8 doctr9e t h accumulat$ ev] s9ce ! dea? ( ! f\nd]4 ,9 o!r words1 ,*ri/ did n f\nd ! religi\s sy/em kn[n by 8 "n1 b he 0 made its f\nd] by 8 foll[]s4 ,if he 7 /ill among !m1 x is highly improbable t he w\ld sanction all ! !ories1 beliefs1 & practices1 :i* are n[ impos$ ^u self-/yl$ ,*ri/ians4 ,if he 7 ask$ :e!r _! le>n$ dogmatics 7 8 religion1 he might n "k h[ to answ]4 ,he w\ld 9 all likelihood pr(ess complete ignorance ( all ! philosophical subtleties ( ,*ri/ian !ology ( ! pres5t day4 ,b f ! mod]n ,*ri/ians' po9t ( view !y w mo/ def9itely assure u t _! religion is to be ref]r$ to 8a unit>y />t+ po9t & to an orig9al basic "*10 :i* is ,jesus z ,*ri/ & t :atev] manifold con/ructions & trans=mations t 7 exp]i5c$ 9 ! body ( _! religion did n int]f]e ) _! specific ,*ri/-fai?4 ,!y are ,*ri/ians j z mu* z ! bre?r5 ( _! primitive community 72 = !re is an hi/orical cont9uation ( ! same fai? all along its gr[? & developm5t :i* is its inn] necessity4 ,to reg>d ! =m ( culture ( a p>ticul> "t z some?+ sacr$ & to be transmitt$ = ev] z su* is to suppress our spiritual ye>n+s aft] et]nal validity4 ,?is ,i believe is ! position tak5 up by progressive mod]n ,*ri/ians4 ,h[ ab\t progressive mod]n ,buddhi/s !n 9 reg>d to _! attitude t[>ds ,buddhi/ fai? con/itut+ ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism8 ,h[ is ! ,buddha conceiv$ by 8 disciples8 ,:at is ! nature & value ( ,buddhahood8 ,:5 ,buddhism is def9$ m]ely z ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha1 does x expla9 ! life ( ,buddhism z x moves on ?r\gh ! c\rse ( hi/ory8 ,is n ! life ( ,buddhism ! unfold+ ( ! inn] spiritual life ( ! ,buddha himself r ?an 8 exposition ( x1 :i* is record$ z ! ,dh>ma 9 ,buddhi/ lit]ature8 ,is !re n some?+ 9 ! wordy tea*+ ( ! ,buddha1 :i* gives life to x & :i* lie? und]nea? all ! argum5ts & controv]sies *>act]is+ ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism ?r\gh\t ,asia8 ,?is life is :at progressive ,buddhi/s endeav\r to lay h&s on4 ,x is !re=e n q 9 accordance ) ! life & tea*+ ( ! ,buddha to reg>d ,buddhism m]ely z a sy/em ( religi\s doctr9es & practices e/abli%$ by ! ,buddha himself2 = x is m ?an t1 & comprises z its mo/ important con/itu5t elem5ts1 all ! exp]i5ces & speculations ( ! ,buddha's foll[]s especially conc]n+ ! p]sonality ( _! ma/] & 8 relations to 8 own doctr9e4 ,buddhism did n come out ( ! ,buddha's m9d fully arm$1 z did ,m9]va f ,jupit]4 ,! !ory ( a p]fect ,buddhism f ! beg9n+ is ! /atic view ( x1 & cuts x %ort f its cont9u\s & nev]-ceas+ gr[?4 ,our religi\s exp]i5ce transc5ds ! limitations ( "t1 & its ev]-exp&+ cont5t requires a m vital =m :i* w gr[ )\t do+ viol5ce to itself4 ,inasmu* z ,buddhism is a liv+ religion & n an hi/orical mummy /uff$ ) dead & functionless mat]ials1 x mu/ be able to absorb & assimilate all t is helpful to its gr[?4 ,?is is ! mo/ natural ?+ = any organism end[$ ) life4 ,& ?is life may be traceable "u div]g5t =ms & con/ructions4 ,accord+ to s*ol>s ( ,pali ,buddhism & ( ! gama lit]ature1 all t ! ,buddha taught1 z f> z 8 sy/ematic tea*+ w5t1 seems to be summ$ up by ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru?1 ! ,twelvefold ,*a9 ( ,causation1 ! ,eightfold ,pa? ( ,righte\s ,liv+1 & ! doctr9e ( ,non-ego 7,antman7 & ,nirvana4 ,if ?is 0 ! case1 :at we call primitive ,buddhism 0 q a simple affair :5 its doctr9al aspect alone is consid]$4 ,!re 0 no?+ v promis+ 9 ^! doctr9es t w\ld ev5tually build up a magnific5t /ructure to be kn[n z ,buddhism compris+ bo? ! ,h9ayana & ! ,mahayana4 ,:5 we wi% to und]/& ,buddhism ?or\ghly1 we mu/ dive deep into its bottom :]e lies its liv+ _s4 ,^? t are satisfi$ ) a sup]ficial view ( its dogmatical aspect are apt to let g ! _s :i* w truly expla9 ! inn] life ( ,buddhism4 ,to "s ( ! ,buddha's imm$iate disciples ! deep] ?+s 9 8 tea*+s fail$ to appeal1 or !y 7 n consci\s ( ! real spiritual =ces :i* mov$ !m t[>ds _! ,ma/]4 ,we mu/ look und]nea? if we want to come 9 contact ) ! ev]-gr[+ life-impetus ( ,buddhism4 ,h[ev] great ! ,buddha 01 he c\ld n conv]t a jackal into a lion1 nor c\ld a jackal compreh5d ! ,buddha above 8 bea/ly nature4 ,z ! lat] ,buddhi/s /ate1 a ,buddha alone und]/&s ano!r ,buddha2 :5 our subjective life is n rais$ to ! same level z ! ,buddha's1 _m ?+s t g to make up 8 inn] life escape u2 we _c live 9 any o!r _w ?an our own4f#ah ,!re=e1 if ! primitive ,buddhi/s read s mu* 9 ! life ( _! ,ma/] z is record$ 9 _! writ+s1 & no m1 ?is does n prove t ev]y?+ belong+ to ! ,buddha has !reby be5 exhau/$4 ,!re 7 probably o!r ,buddhi/s :o p5etrat$ deep] into 8 life1 z _! own inn] consci\sness _h a ri*] cont5t4 ,! hi/ory ( religion ?us becomes ! hi/ory ( our own spiritual unfold+4 ,buddhism mu/ be conceiv$ biologically1 s to speak1 & n me*anically4 ,:5 we take ?is attitude1 ev5 ! doctr9e ( ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru? becomes pregnant ) yet deep] tru?s4 ,! ,buddha 0 n a metaphysician & naturally avoid$ discuss+ su* subjects z 7 /rictly !oretical & _h no practical be>+ on ! atta9m5t ( ,nirvana4 ,he might h _h 8 own views on ^? philosophical problems t at ! "t engag$ ,indian m9ds4 ,b l o!r religi\s lead]s 8 *ief int]e/ 0 9 ! practical result ( speculation & n 9 speculation z su*4 ,he 0 too busy 9 try+ to get rid ( ! poison\s arr[ t _h pi]c$ ! fle%1 he _h no desire to inquire into ! hi/ory1 object1 & con/itution ( ! arr[2 = life 0 too %ort = t4 ,he ?us took ! _w z x 01 t is1 he int]pret$ x z x appe>$ to 8 religi\s insight & accord+ to 8 own valuation4 ,he did n int5d to g any fur!r4 ,he call$ 8 way ( look+ at ! _w & life 8,dh>ma10 a v compreh5sive & flexible t]m1 ?\gh x 0 n a t]m fir/ us$ by ! ,buddha2 = x _h be5 9 vogue "s "t prior to him ma9ly 9 ! s5se ( ritual & law1 b ! ,buddha gave x a deep] spiritual signification4 ,t ! ,buddha 0 practical & n metaphysical1 may be se5 f ! criticism :i* 0 hurl$ at him by 8 oppon5ts3 8,z ,gautama is always f\nd alone sitt+ 9 an empty room1 he has lo/ 8 wisdom4444 ,ev5 ,s>iputra :o is ! wise/ & be/ disciple ( 8 is l a babe1 s /upid & )\t eloqu5ce40f#ai ,"h h[ev] lies ! se$ ( a future developm5t4 ,if ! ,buddha _h be5 giv5 up to !oris+ 8 tea*+ nev] c\ld be expect$ to gr[4 ,speculation may be deep & subtle1 b if x has no spiritual life 9 x1 its possibilities are soon exhau/$4 ,! ,dh>ma 0 ev] matur+1 because x 0 my/]i\sly creative4 ,! ,buddha evid5tly _h q a pragmatic conception ( ! intellect & left _m philosophical problems unsolv$ z unnecess>y = ! atta9m5t ( ! f9al goal ( life4 ,?is 0 q natural ) him4 ,:il/ he 0 /ill alive among 8 disciples1 he 0 ! liv+ illu/ration ( all t 0 impli$ 9 8 doctr9e4 ,! ,dh>ma 0 manife/ 9 him 9 all its vital aspects1 & !re 0 no ne$ to indulge 9 idle speculation z to ! ultimate mean+ ( su* concepts z ,dh>ma1 ,nirvana1 ,atman 7ego71 ,k>ma1 ,bodhi 7enlight5m5t71 etc4 ,! ,buddha's p]sonality 0 ! key to ! solution ( all ^!4 ,! disciples 7 n fully aw>e ( ! significance ( ?is fact4 ,:5 !y ?\ght !y und]/ood ! ,dh>ma1 !y did n "k t ?is und]/&+ 0 really tak+ refuge 9 ! ,buddha4 ,8 pres5ce someh[ _h a pacify+ & satisfy+ effect on :atev] spiritual angui% !y _h2 !y felt z if !y 7 securely embrac$ 9 ! arms ( a lov+1 consol+ "m2 to !m ! ,buddha 0 really su*4f#bj ,!re=e1 !y _h no ne$ to press ! ,buddha v h>d to enlight5 !m on _m ( ! philosophical problems t !y might h gr[n consci\s (4 ,!y 7 easily reconcil$ 9 ?is respect to ! ,buddha's unwill+ness to take !m into ! he>t ( metaphysics4 ,b at ! same "t ?is left mu* room = ! lat] ,buddhi/s to develop _! own !ories n only z to ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha b ma9ly z to its relation to 8 p]sonality4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,buddha's entrance into ,nirvana meant to 8 disciples ! loss ( ! ,_w-,light1f#ba ?r\gh :i* !y _h su* an illum9at+ view ( ?+s4 ,! ,dh>ma 0 !re & 9 x !y tri$ to see ! ,buddha z !y 7 in/ruct$ by him1 b x _h no enliv5+ effect on !m z be=e2 ! moral precepts consi/+ ( _m rules 7 regul>ly obs]v$ 9 ! ,bro!rhood1 b ! au?oritativ5ess ( ^! regulations 0 miss$ someh[4 ,!y retir$ into a quietude & m$itat$ on ! tea*+ ( ! ,ma/]1 b ! m$itation 0 n q s life-giv+ & satisfy+ because !y 7 ev] assail$ by d\bts1 &1 z a natural consequ5ce1 _! intellectual activities 7 resum$4 ,ev]y?+ 0 n[ to be expla9$ to ! full ext5t ( ! reason+ faculty4 ,! metaphysician began to ass]t himself aga9/ ! simple-he>t$ devotion ( ! disciple4 ,:at has be5 accept$ z an au?oritative injunction f ! m\? ( ! ,buddha1 0 n[ to be exam9$ z a subject ( philosophical discussion4 ,two factions 7 ready to divide ! field ) ea* o!r1 & radicalism 0 oppos$ to cons]vatism1 & betwe5 ! two w+s !re 7 arrang$ s*ools ( v>i\s t5d5cies4 ,! ,/haviras 7 pitt$ aga9/ ! ,mahsaghikas1 ) tw5ty or m diff]5t s*ools repres5t+ v>i\s grades ( div]sity4f#bb ,we _c1 h[ev]1 exclude f ! body ( ,buddhism all ! div]g5t views on ! ,buddha & 8 tea*+ z some?+ =eign & n belong+ to ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ,buddhism4 ,= ^! views are exactly :at support ! frame ( ,buddhism1 & )\t !m ! frame itself w be a non-entity altoge!r4 ,! error ) mo/ critics ( any exi/5t religion ) a long hi/ory ( developm5t is to conceive x z a complet$ sy/em :i* is to be accept$ z su*1 :ile ! fact is t any?+ organic & spiritual--& we consid] religion su*--has no geometrical outl9e :i* c be trac$ on pap] by rul] & compass4 ,x refuses to be objectively def9$1 = ?is w be sett+ a limit to ! gr[? ( its _s4 ,?us to "k :at ,buddhism is w be to get into ! life ( ,buddhism & to und]/& x f ! inside z x unfolds itself objectively 9 hi/ory4 ,!re=e1 ! def9ition ( ,buddhism mu/ be t ( ! life-=ce :i* c>ries =w>d a spiritual movem5t call$ ,buddhism4 ,all ^! doctr9es1 controv]sies1 con/ructions1 & int]pretations t 7 (f]$ aft] ! ,buddha's dea? z reg>ds 8 p]son1 life1 & tea*+ 7 :at ess5tially con/itut$ ! life ( ,indian ,buddhism1 & )\t ^! !re c\ld be no spiritual activity to be kn[n z ,buddhism4 ,9 a ^w :at con/itut$ ! life & _s ( ,buddhism is no?+ else ?an ! inn] life & _s ( ! ,buddha himself2 ,buddhism is ! /ructure erect$ ar\nd ! inmo/ consci\sness ( its f\nd]4 ,! /yle & mat]ial ( ! out] /ructure may v>y z hi/ory moves =w>d1 b ! inn] mean+ ( ,buddhahood :i* supports ! :ole edifice rema9s ! same & ev] liv+4 ,:ile on e>?1 ! ,buddha tri$ to make x intelligible 9 accordance ) ! capacities ( 8 imm$iate foll[]s1 t is to say1 ! latt] did _! be/ to compreh5d ! deep] significance ( ! v>i\s disc\rses ( _! ma/]1 9 :i* he po9t$ ! way to f9al deliv]ance4 ,z we are told1 ! ,buddha disc\rs$ 8) "o voice10f#bc b ?is 0 int]pret$ & und]/ood by 8 devotees 9 z manifold mann]s z possible4 ,?is 0 inevitable1 = we h ea* 8 own inn] exp]i5ce :i* is to be expla9$ 9 t]ms ( 8 own creation1 naturally v>y+ 9 dep? & bread?4 ,9 mo/ cases ^! s-call$ individual inn] exp]i5ces1 h[ev]1 may n be s deep & =ceful z to dem& absolutely orig9al phraseology1 b may rema9 satisfi$ ) new int]pretations ( ! old t]ms--once br\ght into use by an anci5t orig9al spiritual lead]4 ,& ?is is ! way e great hi/orical religion gr[s enri*$ 9 its cont5ts or ideas4 ,9 "s cases ?is enri*m5t may mean ! ov]gr[? ( sup]/ructures end+ 9 a complete burial ( ! orig9al _s4 ,?is is :]e critical judgm5t is ne$$1 b o!rwise we mu/ n =get to recognise ! liv+ pr9ciple /ill 9 activity4 ,9 ! case ( ,buddhism we mu/ n neglect to read ! inn] life ( ! ,buddha himself ass]t+ itself 9 ! hi/ory ( a religi\s sy/em designat$ aft] 8 "n4 ,! claim ( ! ,z5 foll[]s t !y are transmitt+ ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism is bas$ on _! belief t ,z5 takes hold ( ! enliv5+ _s ( ! ,buddha1 /ripp$ ( all its hi/orical & doctr9al g>m5ts4 ,"s vital problems ( ,buddhism ,to ! e>li] ,buddhi/s ! problem did n pres5t itself 9 ?is light2 t is to say1 !y did n realise t ! c5tre ( all _! dogmatics & controv]sies 0 to asc]ta9 ! real inn] life ( ! ,buddha1 :i* con/itut$ _! active fai? 9 ! ,buddha & 8 tea*+4 ,)\t exactly kn[+ :y1 !y fir/ ent]ta9$1 aft] ! pass+ ( ! ,buddha1 a /rong desire to speculate on ! nature ( 8 p]sonality4 ,!y _h no p[] to *eck ! con/ant & insi/5t cry ( ?is desire brimm+ ov] 9 _! inmo/ he>ts4 ,:at con/itut$ ,buddhahood8 ,:at 0 ! ess5ce ( ,buddhahood8 ,que/ions l ^! assail$ !m "o aft] ano!r1 & among ^? !re 7 ! foll[+ :i* /ood out m prom95tly z !y 7 m vitally int]e/+4 ,!y 7 ^? conc]n$ ) ! ,enlight5m5t ( ! ,buddha1 8 entrance into ,nirvana1 8 =m] life z a ,bodhisattva 7t is1 z "o capable ( ,enlight5m5t71 & 8 tea*+ z view$ f _! way ( und]/&+ ! ,buddha4 ,?us 8 tea*+ ceas$ to be consid]$ indep5d5tly ( its au?or1 ! tru? ( ! tea*+ 0 s organically connect$ ) ! ,buddha's p]sonality1 ! ,dh>ma 0 to be believ$ because x 0 ! v embodim5t ( ,buddhahood1 & n necess>ily because x 0 s logically consi/5t or philosophically t5able4 ,! ,buddha 0 ! key to ! tru? ( ,buddhism4 ,:5 att5tion ?us c5tres 9 ! p]son ( ! ,buddha z ! au?or ( ! ,dh>ma1 ! "q ( 8 inn] exp]i5ce kn[n z ,enlight5m5t becomes ! mo/ vital "o4 ,)\t ?is exp]i5ce ! ,buddha c\ld n be call$ a ,buddha2 9 fact1 ! t]m 8,buddha10 ! ,enlight5$ ,"o1 0 8 own mak+4 ,if a man und]/&s :at enlight5m5t is or really exp]i5ces x 9 himself1 he kn[s ! :ole secret ( ! ,buddha's sup]human nature & ) x ! riddle ( life & ! _w4 ,! ess5ce ( ,buddhism mu/ !n lie 9 ! ,doctr9e ( ,p]fect ,enlight5m5t4 ,9 ! enlight5$ m9d ( ! ,buddha !re 7 _m ?+s :i* he did n & c\ld n divulge to 8 disciples4 ,:5 he refus$ to answ] metaphysical que/ions1 x 0 n because ! m9ds ( ! que/ion]s 7 n develop$ en\gh to compreh5d ! full implications ( !m4 ,if h[ev] ! ,buddhi/s really desir$ to "k _! ma/]1 & 8 tea*+1 !y _h to /udy ! secrets ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,z !y _h no liv+ ma/] n[ !y _h to solve ! problems by !mselves if !y c\ld1 & !y 7 nev] tir$ ( exhau/+ _! intellectual +5uity on !m4 ,v>i\s !ories 7 !n advanc$1 & ,buddhism grew ri*] 9 cont5t1 x came to reflect some?+ et]nally valid besides m]e p]sonal tea*+ ( an individual4 ,x ceas$ to be a ?+ m]ely hi/orical1 b a sy/em ev] liv+1 gr[+1 & en]gy-imp>t+4 ,v>i\s ,mahayana ,sutras & ,%a/ras 7 produc$ to develop v>i\s aspects ( ! cont5t ( ,enlight5m5t z realis$ by ! ,buddha4 ,"s ( !m 7 speculative1 o!rs my/ical1 & /ill o!rs e?ical & practical4 ,9 ! idea ( ,enlight5m5t 0 ?us focuss$ all ,buddhi/ ?\ght4 ,nirvana z ! ideal ( ,buddhi/ life next engag$ ! s]i\s att5tion ( ,buddhi/ philosoph]s4 ,0 x an annihilation ( exi/5ce1 or t ( passions or desires1 or ! dispell+ ( ignorance1 or a /ate ( egolessness8 ,did ! ,buddha really ent] into a /ate ( utt] ext9ction leav+ all s5ti5t be+s to _! own fate8 ,did ! love he %[$ to 8 foll[]s vani% ) 8 pass+8 ,w\ld he n come back among !m 9 ord] to guide !m1 to enlight5 !m1 to li/5 to _! spiritual angui%8 ,! value ( su* a gr& p]sonality z ! ,buddha c\ld n p]i% ) 8 physical exi/5ce1 x ought to rema9 ) u = ev] z a ?+ ( et]nal validity4 ,h[ c\ld ?is notion be reconcil$ ) ! annihilation !ory ( ,nirvana s preval5t among ! p]sonal disciples ( ! ,buddha8 ,:5 hi/ory conflicts ) our idea ( value1 c x n be int]pret$ to ! satisfaction ( our religi\s ye>n+s8 ,:at is ! objective au?ority ( 8facts0 if n support$ by an inw>dly gr\nd$ au?ority8 ,v>ieties ( int]pretation are !n set =? 9 ! ,mahayana texts z to ! implications ( ,nirvana & o!r cognate conceptions to be f\nd 9 ! 8orig9al0 tea*+ ( ! ,buddha4f#bd ,:at is ! relation%ip betwe5 ,enlight5m5t & ,nirvana8 ,h[ did ,buddhi/s come to realise ,arhat%ip8 ,:at conv9c$ !m ( _! atta9m5t8 ,is ! ,enlight5m5t ( an ,arhat ! same z t ( ! ,buddha8 ,to answ] ^! que/ions & _m o!rs 9 close connection ) !m 0 ! task impos$ ^u v>i\s s*ools ( ,h9ayana & ,mahayana ,buddhism4 ,:ile !y qu>rell$ mu*1 !y nev] =got t !y 7 all ,buddhi/s & :atev] int]pretations !y gave to ^! problems !y 7 fai?ful to _! ,buddhi/ exp]i5ce4 ,!y 7 firmly atta*$ to ! f\nd] ( _! religion & only wi%$ to get ?or\ghly intimate ) ! fai? & tea*+ z 7 fir/ promulgat$ by ! ,buddha4 ,"s ( !m 7 naturally m cons]vative & wi%$ to submit to ! or?odox & traditional way ( und]/&+ ! ,dh>ma2 b !re 7 o!rs z 9 e field ( human life1 ^: inn] exp]i5ce meant m to !m1 & to h>monise ?is ) ! traditional au?ority !y resort$ to metaphysics to its fulle/ ext5t4 ,_! ef=ts1 !re is no d\bt1 7 hone/ & s9c]e1 & :5 !y ?\ght !y solv$ ! difficulties or contradictions !y 7 satisfi$ inw>dly z well z intellectually4 ,9 fact !y _h no o!r means ( egress f ! spiritual impasse 9 :i* !y f\nd !mselves ?r\gh ! natural & inevitable gr[? ( _! inmo/ life4 ,?is 0 ! way ,buddhism _h to develop if x ev] _h 9 x any life to gr[4 ,:ile ,enlight5m5t & ,nirvana 7 closely relat$ to ! conception ( ,buddhahood itself1 !re 0 ano!r idea ( great importance to ! developm5t ( ,buddhism1 :i* h[ev] _h no direct connection app>5tly1 ?\gh n 9 its ultimate signification1 ) ! p]sonality ( ! ,buddha4 ,?is idea naturally prov$ to be mo/ fruitful 9 ! hi/ory ( ,buddhi/ dogmatics along ) ! doctr9es ( ,enlight5m5t & ,nirvana4 ,i mean by ?is ! doctr9e ( non-,atman :i* d5ies ! exi/5ce ( an ego-sub/ance 9 our psy*ic life4 ,:5 ! notion ( ,atman 0 rul+ ,indian m9ds1 x 0 a bold ann\ncem5t on ! "p ( ! ,buddha to reg>d x z ! s\rce ( ignorance & transmigration4 ,! !ory ( ,orig9ation 7prattya-samutpda7 :i* seems to make up ! f\ndation ( ! ,buddha's tea*+ is ?us f9ally resolv$ into ! f9d+ ( a mis*iev\s 8design]0 :o works beh9d all our spiritual re/lessness4 ,:atev] int]pretation 0 giv5 to ! doctr9e ( non-,atman 9 ! e>ly days ( ,buddhism1 ! idea came to be ext5d$ ov] to ?+s inanimate z well4 ,n only !re 0 no ego-sub/ance beh9d our m5tal life1 b !re 0 no ego 9 ! physical _w1 :i* meant t we c\ld n sep>ate 9 reality act+ f actor1 =ce f mass1 or life f its manife/ations4 ,z f> z ?9k+ goes1 we c e/abli% ^! two pairs ( conception z limit+ ea* o!r1 b 9 ! actuality ( ?+s !y mu/ all be "o1 z we _c impose our logical way ( ?9k+ ^u reality 9 its concret5ess4 ,:5 we transf] ?is sep>ation f ?\ght into reality1 we enc\nt] _m difficulties n only intellectual b moral & spiritual1 f :i* we suff] unspeakable angui% lat]4 ,?is 0 felt by ! ,buddha1 & he call$ ?is mix+ up ,ignorance 7avidy74 ,! ,mahayana doctr9e ( nyat 0 a natural conclusion4 ,b ,i ne$ n make any rem>k "h to ! effect t ! nyat !ory is n nihilism or acosmism1 b t x has its positive backgr\nd :i* su/a9s x & gives life to x4 ,x 0 9 ! natural ord] ( ?\ght n[ = ,buddhi/s to endeav\r to f9d a philosophical explanation ( ,enlight5m5t & ,nirvana 9 ! !ory ( non-,atman or nyat1 & ?is to ! be/ ( _! intellectual p[] & 9 ! light ( _! spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,!y f9ally f\nd out t ,enlight5m5t 0 n a ?+ exclusively belong+ to ! ,buddha1 b t ea* "o ( u c\ld atta9 x if he got rid ( ignorance by ab&on+ ! duali/ic conception ( life & ( ! _w2 !y fur!r conclud$ t ,nirvana 0 n vani%+ into a /ate ( absolute non-exi/5ce :i* 0 an impossibility z long z we _h to reckon ) ! actual facts ( life1 & t ,nirvana 9 its ultimate signification 0 an affirmation--an affirmation beyond opposites ( all k9ds4 ,?is metaphysical und]/&+ ( ! fundam5tal problem ( ,buddhism m>ks ! features ( ! ,mahayana philosophy4 ,z to its practical side :]e ! !ory ( nyat & ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t are h>moni\sly unit$ & realis$ 9 life1 or :]e ! ,buddhi/s aim to ent] into ! inn] consci\sness ( ! ,buddha z 0 reveal$ to him "u ! ,bodhi tree1 we w ref] to x 9 ! foll[+ section4 99 99 99 99 99 ,almo/ all ,buddhi/ s*ol>s 9 ,japan agree t all ^! *>act]i/ic ideas ( ! ,mahayana are sy/ematically traceable 9 ,h9ayana lit]ature2 & t all ! recon/ructions & trans=mations :i* ! ,mahayani/s are suppos$ to h put on ! orig9al =m ( ,buddhism are really no?+ b an unbrok5 cont9uation ( "o orig9al ,buddhi/ _s & life1 & fur!r t ev5 ! s-call$ primitive ,buddhism z is exp\nd$ 9 ! ,pali canons & 9 ! ,agama texts ( ! ,*9ese ,tripitaka1 is also ! result ( an elaboration on ! "p ( ! e>li] foll[]s ( ! ,buddha4 ,if ! ,mahayana is n ,buddhism prop]1 nei!r is ! ,h9ayana1 = ! hi/orical reason t nei!r ( !m repres5ts ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha z x 0 prea*$ by ! ,ma/] himself4 ,unless "o limits ! use ( ! t]m ,buddhism v n>r[ly & only to a c]ta9 =m ( x1 no "o c v well refuse to include bo? ,mahayana & ,h9ayana 9 ! same d5om9ation4 ,&1 9 my op9ion1 x is prop]1 consid]+ ! organic relation betwe5 sy/em & exp]i5ce & ! fact t ! _s ( ! ,buddha himself is pres5t 9 all ^! con/ructions1 x is prop] t ! t]m ,buddhism %\ld be us$ 9 a broad1 compreh5sive1 & inw>d s5se4 ,?is is n ! place to ent] into ! details ( organic relation%ip exi/+ betwe5 ! ,h9ayana & ! ,mahayana2 = ! object ( ?is essay is to del9eate ! c\rse ( developm5t z trav]s$ by ,z5 ,buddhism be=e x has rea*$ ! pres5t =m4 ,hav+ outl9$ my position ) reg>d to ! def9ition ( ,buddhism & ! ,mahayana 9 g5]al z a manife/ation ( ,buddhi/ life & ?\ght1 or r ( ! inn] exp]i5ce ( ! ,buddha himself1 ! next /ep w be to see :]e lies ! s\rce ( ,z5 & h[ x is "o ( ! legitimate successors & transmitt]s ( ! ,buddha's _s4 ,z5 & ,enlight5m5t ,! orig9 ( ,z51 z is ! case ) all o!r =ms ( ,buddhism1 is to be s\ght 9 ,supreme ,p]fect ,enlight5m5t 7anutt>a-samyak-sabodhi7 atta9$ by ! ,buddha :ile he 0 sitt+ "u ! ,bodhi-tree1 ne> ! city ( ,gaya4 ,if ?is ,enlight5m5t is ( no value & signification to ! developm5t ( ,buddhism1 ,z5 !n has no?+ to d ) ,buddhism1 x 0 altoge!r ano!r ?+ creat$ by ! g5ius ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma :o visit$ ,*9a e>ly 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,b if ,enlight5m5t is ! raison d'tre ( ,buddhism1 t is to say1 if ,buddhism is an edifice erect$ on ! solid basis ( ,enlight5m5t1 realis$ by ! ,buddha & mak+ up 8 be+1 ,z5 is ! c5tral pill> :i* supports ! entire /ructure1 x composes ! direct l9e ( cont9uation drawn out f ! cont5t ( ! ,buddha's illum9$ m9d4 ,traditionally ,z5 is consid]$ to h be5 transmitt$ by ! ,buddha to 8 =emo/ disciple1 ,mahkyapa1 :5 ! ,buddha held out a bun* ( fl[]s to 8 congregation1 ! mean+ ( :i* 0 at once grasp$ by ,mahkyapa :o quietly smil$ at him4 ,! hi/oricity ( ?is incid5t is ju/ly criticis$1 b kn[+ ! value ( ,enlight5m5t we _c ascribe ! au?ority ( ,z5 j to su* an episode z ?is4 ,z5 0 9 fact h&$ ov] n only to ,mahkyapa b to all be+s :o w foll[ ! /eps ( ! ,buddha1 ! ,enlight5$ ,"o4 ,l a true ,indian ! ,buddha's idea ( ascetic m$itation 0 to atta9 ,vimok%a 7or simply ,mok%a1 deliv]ance7 f ! bondage ( bir? & dea?4 ,!re 7 sev]al ways op5 to him to rea* ! goal4 ,accord+ to ! ,brahman philosoph]s ( ^? days1 ! great fruit ( deliv]ance c\ld be matur$ by embrac+ religi\s tru?1 or by practis+ asceticism or *a/ity1 or by le>n+1 or by free+ oneself f passions4 ,ea* 9 its way 0 an excell5t means1 & if !y 7 practis$ sev]ally or all toge!r1 !y might result 9 emancipation ( "s k9d4 ,b ! philosoph]s talk$ ab\t me?ods & did n give "o any tru/wor?y in=mation conc]n+ _! actual spiritual exp]i5ce1 & :at ! ,buddha wi%$ 0 ?is self-realisation1 a p]sonal exp]i5ce1 an actual insight into tru?1 & n m]e disc\rs+ ab\t me?ods1 or play+ ) concepts4f#be ,he dete/$ all philosophical reason+s :i* he call$ di%ti or d>ana1 = !y w\ld lead him n[h]e1 br+ him no practical result 9 8 spiritual life4 ,he 0 nev] satisfi$ until he inw>dly realis$ ! ,bodhi z ! tru? imm$iately pres5t$ to 8 transc5d5tal consci\sness & ^: absolute nature 0 s inn]1 s self-conv9c+ t he _h no d\bt :atev] 9 reg>d to its univ]sal validity4 ,! cont5t ( ?is ,enlight5m5t 0 expla9$ by ! ,buddha z ! ,dh>ma :i* 0 to be directly p]ceiv$ 7s&ihika71 beyond limits ( "t 7akalika71 to be p]sonally exp]i5c$ 7ehipassika71 altoge!r p]suasive 7opanayika71 & to be und]/ood ea* = himself by ! wise 7paccatta v$itabbo viuhi74 ,?is meant t ! ,dh>ma 0 to be intuit$ & n to be analytically rea*$ by concepts4 ,! reason :y ! ,buddha s frequ5tly refus$ to answ] metaphysical problems 0 p>tly due to 8 conviction t ! ultimate tru? 0 to be realis$ 9 oneself ?r\gh "o's own ef=ts2f#bf = all t c\ld be ga9$ ?r\gh discursive und]/&+ 0 ! surface ( ?+s & n ?+s !mselves1 conceptual k nev] gave full satisfaction to "o's religi\s ye>n+4 ,! atta9m5t ( ! ,bodhi c\ld n be ! accumulation ( dialectical subtleties4 ,& ?is is ! position tak5 up by ,z5 ,buddhism z reg>ds :at x consid]s a f9al reality4 ,z5 9 ?is respect fai?fully foll[s ! injunction ( ! ,ma/]4 ,t ! ,buddha _h an insight ( high] ord] into ! nature ( ?+s ?an t :i* c\ld be obta9$ ?r\gh ord9>y logical reason+ is evid5c$ ev]y:]e ev5 9 ! s-call$ ,h9ayana lit]ature4 ,to cite j "o in/ance f ! ,brahmajla ,sutta 9 :i* ! ,buddha deals ) all ! h]etical s*ools t 7 9 exi/5ce 9 8 days1 he inv>iably makes ref]5ce aft] refut+ !m to ! ,ta?agata's deep] und]/&+ :i* goes beyond _! speculations 8wriggl+ l an eel40 ,:at !y discuss j = ! sake ( discussion & to %[ ! ke5ness ( _! analytical faculty ab\t ! s\l1 future life1 et]nity1 & o!r important spiritual subjects1 is n productive ( any actual b5efits = our inn] welf>e4 ,! ,buddha knew well :]e ^! reason+s w\ld f9ally lead to & h[ trivial & un:olesome !y 7 aft] all4 ,s we read 9 ! ,brahmajla ,sutta3 8,( ^!1 ,bre?r51 ! ,ta?agata kn[s t ^! speculations ?us arriv$ at1 ?us insi/$ on1 w h su* & su* a result1 su* & su* an effect on ! future condition ( ^? :o tru/ 9 !m4 ,t does he "k1 & he kn[s also o!r ?+s f> beyond 7f> bett] ?an ^? speculations73 & hav+ t k he is n puff$ up1 & ?us unt>ni%$ he has 9 8 own he>t realis$ ! way ( escape f !m1 has und]/ood1 z !y really are1 ! ris+ up & pass+ away ( s5sations1 _! sweet ta/e1 _! dang]1 h[ !y _c be reli$ on2 & n grasp+ aft] any ( ^? ?+s m5 are eag] =1 he1 ! ,ta?agata1 is q set free40f#bg ,:ile ! ideal ( ,arhat%ip 0 no d\bt ! ent]+ into ,nirvana t leaves no?+ beh9d 7anupdhie%a71 :atev] ?is may mean1 x did n ignore ! significance ( ,enlight5m5t1 no1 x c\ld n d s v well )\t endang]+ its own reason ( exi/5ce4 ,= ,nirvana 0 no?+ else 9 its ess5ce ?an ,enlight5m5t1 ! cont5t 0 id5tical 9 ei!r case4 ,enlight5m5t 0 ,nirvana rea*$ :ile yet 9 ! fle%1 & no ,nirvana 0 ev] possible )\t obta9+ ,enlight5m5t4 ,! latt] may h a m intellectual note 9 x ?an ! =m]1 :i* is a psy*ological /ate realis$ ?r\gh ,enlight5m5t4 ,bodhi is spok5 ( 9 ! s-call$ primitive ,buddhism j z mu* z ,nirvana4 ,s long z passions 7klea7 7 n subdu$1 & ! m9d /ill rema9$ en%r\d$ 9 ignorance1 no ,buddhi/s c\ld ev] dream ( obta9+ a ,mok%a 7deliv]ance7 :i* is ,nirvana1 & ?is deliv]ance f ,ignorance & passions 0 ! "w ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,g5]ally ,nirvana is und]/ood 9 its negative aspect z ! total ext9ction ( ev]y?+1 body & s\l1 b 9 ! actuality ( life no su* negativi/ conception c\ld ev] prevail1 & ! ,buddha nev] meant ,nirvana to be s int]pret$4 ,if !re 7 no?+ affirmative 9 ,nirvana1 ! ,mahayani/s c\ld nev] h evolv$ ! positive conception ( x lat]4 ,?\gh ! imm$iate disciples ( ! ,buddha 7 n consci\s ( ?is1 !re 0 always ! ?\ght ( ,enlight5m5t impli$ 9 x4 ,enlight5m5t atta9$ by ! ,buddha aft] a week's m$itation "u ! ,bodhi-tree c\ld n be ( no consequ5ce to 8 ,arhat-disciples1 h[ev] negatively ! latt] t5d$ to apply ?is pr9ciple to ! atta9m5t ( _! life-object4 ,! true significance ( ,enlight5m5t 0 effectively br\ght out by ! ,mahayani/s n only 9 its intellectual implications b 9 its moral & religi\s be>+s4 ,! result 0 ! conception ( ,bodhisattva%ip 9 contradi/9ction to ,arhat%ip1 ! ideal ( _! rival s*ool4 ,! ,arhat & ! ,bodhisattva are ess5tially ! same4 ,b ! ,mahayani/s1 p]ceiv+ a deep] s5se 9 ,enlight5m5t z ! mo/ important con/itu5t elem5t 9 ! atta9m5t ( ! f9al goal ( ,buddhism1 :i* is spiritual fre$om 7ceto-vimutti71 z ! ,nikyas h x1 did n wi% to h x op]at$ 9 !mselves only1 b want$ to see x realis$ 9 e be+ s5ti5t & ev5 non-s5ti5t4 ,n only ?is 0 _! subjective ye>n+1 b !re 0 an objective basis on :i* ! ye>n+ c\ld be ju/ifi$ & realis$4 ,x 0 ! pres5ce 9 e individual ( a faculty designat$ by ! ,mahayani/s z ,praj4f#bh ,?is 0 ! pr9ciple t made ,enlight5m5t possible 9 u z well z 9 ! ,buddha4 ,)\t ,praj !re c\ld be no ,enlight5m5t1 :i* 0 ! highe/ spiritual p[] 9 our possession4 ,! intellect or :at is ord9>ily kn[n by ,buddhi/ s*ol>s z ,vijna1 0 relative 9 its activity1 & c\ld n compreh5d ! ultimate tru? :i* 0 ,enlight5m5t4 ,& x 0 due to ?is ultimate tru? t we c\ld lift ourselves above ! dualism ( matt] & _s1 ( ignorance & wisdom1 ( passion & non-atta*m5t4 ,enlight5m5t consi/$ 9 p]sonally realis+ ! tru?1 ultimate & absolute & capable ( affirmation4 ,?us we are all ,bodhisattvas n[1 be+s ( ,enlight5m5t1 if n 9 actuality1 !n pot5tially4 ,bodhi-sattvas are also ,praj-sattvas1 z we are univ]sally end[$ ) ,praj1 :i*1 :5 fully & truly op]at+1 w realise 9 u ,enlight5m5t1 & intellectually 79 its highe/ s5se7 lift u above appe>ances1 :i* is a /ate designat$ by ,nikaya ,buddhi/s z 8emancipation ( m9d or reason0 7pa-vimutti or sammad-a vimutti74 ,if by virtue ( ,enlight5m5t ,gautama 0 trans=m$ into ! ,buddha1 & !n if all be+s are end[$ ) ,praj & capable ( ,enlight5m5t1 t is1 if !y are ?us ,bodhisattvas1 ! logical conclusion w be t ,bodhisattvas are all ,buddhas1 or de/9$ to be ,buddhas z soon z suffici5t conditions obta94 ,h5ce ! ,mahayana doctr9e t all be+s1 s5ti5t or non-s5ti5t1 are end[$ ) ! ,buddha-nature1 & t our m9ds are ! ,buddha-m9d & our bodies are ! ,buddha-body4 ,! ,buddha be=e 8 ,enlight5m5t 0 an ord9>y mortal1 & we1 ord9>y mortals1 w be ,buddhas ! mom5t our m5tal eyesf#bi op5 9 ,enlight5m5t4 ,9 ?is d we n see pla9ly ! mo/ natural & mo/ logical c\rse ( ?+s lead+ up to ! ma9 tea*+ ( ,z5 z x lat] develop$ 9 ,*9a & ,japan8 ,h[ ext5sively & int5sively ! concept ( ,enlight5m5t influ5c$ ! developm5t ( ,mahayana ,buddhism may be se5 9 ! composition ( ! ,saddh>mapuarka1 :i* is really "o ( ! pr(\nde/ ,mahayana prote/s aga9/ ! ,h9ayana conception ( ! ,buddha's ,enlight5m5t4 ,accord+ to ! latt]1 ! ,buddha atta9$ x at ,gay :ile m$itat+ "u ! ,bodhi-tree1 = !y reg>d$ ! ,buddha z a mortal be+ l !mselves1 subject to hi/orical & psy*ological conditions4 ,b ! ,mahayani/s c\ld n be satisfi$ ) su* a reali/ic common-s5se int]pretation ( ! p]sonality ( ! ,buddha1 !y saw some?+ 9 x :i* w5t deep into _! he>ts & want$ to come 9 imm$iate t\* ) x4 ,:at !y s\ght 0 f9ally giv51 & !y f\nd t ! idea ( ! ,buddha's be+ a common s\l 0 a delusion1 t ! ,ta?agata arriv$ 9 8 ,supreme ,p]fect ,enlight5m5t 8_m hundr$ ?\s& myriads ( kotis ( ons ago10 & t all ^? hi/orical 8facts0 9 8 life :i* are record$ 9 ! ,agama or ,nikaya lit]ature are 8 8skilful devices0 7upya-kaualya7 to lead creatures to full rip5ess & g 9 ! ,buddha ,way4f#cj ,9 o!r words1 ?is means t ,enlight5m5t is ! absolute reason ( ! univ]se & ! ess5ce ( ,buddhahood1 & !re=e t to obta9 ,enlight5m5t is to realise 9 "o's inn] consci\sness ! ultimate tru? ( ! _w :i* = ev] is4 ,:ile ! ,puarka emphasises ! ,buddha-aspect ( ,enlight5m5t1 ,z5 directs its att5tion ma9ly to ! ,enlight5m5t-aspect ( ,buddhahood4 ,:5 ?is latt] aspect is consid]$ intellectually1 we h ! philosophy ( ,buddhi/ dogmatics1 :i* is /udi$ by s*ol>s ( ! ,t5dai 7t#8i5-tai71 ,kegon 7avatasaka71 ,hosso1 7dh>malak%a71 & o!r s*ools4 ,z5 approa*es x f ! practical side ( life1 t is1 to "w out ,enlight5m5t 9 life itself4 ,see+ t ! idea ( ,enlight5m5t play$ su* an important rle 9 ! developm5t ( ,mahayana ,buddhism1 :at is ! cont5t ( x8 ,c we describe x 9 an intelligible mann] s t our analytical intellect c\ld grasp x & make x an object ( ?\ght8 ,! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru? 0 n ! cont5t ( ,enlight5m5t1 nor 0 ! ,twelvefold ,*a9 ( ,causation1 nor ! ,eightfold ,righte\s ,pa?4 ,! tru? fla%$ ?r\gh ! ,buddha's consci\sness 0 n su* a ?\ght capable ( discursive unfold+4 ,:5 he exclaim$3 8,?r\gh bir? & rebir?'s endless r\nd1 ,seek+ 9 va91 ,i ha/5$ on1 ,to f9d :o fram$ ?is edifice1 ,:at mis]y6--bir? incessantly6 8,o build]6 ,i've discov]$ !e6 ,?is fabric ?\ %all ne'er rebuild6 ,! raft]s all are brok5 n[1 ,& po9t$ ro( demoli%$ lies6 ,?is m9d has demolition rea*$1 ,& se5 ! la/ ( all desire60f#ca he mu/ h grasp$ some?+ mu* deep] ?an m]e dialectics4 ,!re mu/ h be5 some?+ mo/ fundam5tal & ultimate :i* at once set all 8 d\bts at re/1 n only intellectual d\bts b spiritual angui%4 ,inde$1 =ty-n9e ye>s ( 8 active life aft] ,enlight5m5t 7 comm5t>ies on x1 & yet !y did n exhau/ its cont5t2 nor did all ! lat] speculations ( ,ngrjuna1 ,avagho%a1 & ,vasub&hu1 & ,asanga expla9 x away4 ,9 ! ,lakvatra !re=e ! au?or makes ! ,buddha confess t s9ce 8 ,enlight5m5t1 till 8 pass+ into ,nirvana he utt]$ n a ^w4f#cb ,!re=e1 aga9 ) all 8 memory & le>n+1 n&a c\ld n s\nd ! bottom ( ! ,buddha's wisdom1 :ile ! latt] 0 /ill alive4 ,accord+ to tradition1 n&a's atta9m5t to ,arhat%ip took place at ! "t ( ! ,fir/ ,convocation 9 :i* he 0 n all[$ to take "p 9 spite ( 8 tw5ty-five ye>s' att5dance ^u ! ,buddha4 ,griev+ ov] ! fact1 he sp5t ! :ole night p]ambulat+ 9 an op5 squ>e1 & :5 he 0 ab\t to lay himself d[n on a c\* all exhau/$1 he all ( a sudd5 came to realise ! tru? ( ,buddhism1 :i* ) all 8 k & und]/&+ _h escap$ him all ^? ye>s4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,arhat%ip is evid5tly n a matt] ( s*ol>%ip2 x is some?+ realis$ 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye aft] a long ardu\s application to ! matt]4 ,! prep>atory c\rse may occupy a long /ret* ( "t1 b ! crisis breaks out at a po9t in/antane\sly1 & "o is an ,arhat1 or a ,bodhisattva1 or ev5 a ,buddha4 ,! cont5t ( ,enlight5m5t mu/ be q simple 9 nature & yet trem5d\s 9 effect4 ,t is to say1 intellectually1 x mu/ transc5d all ! complications involv$ 9 an epi/emological exposition ( x2 & psy*ologically1 x mu/ be ! recon/ruction ( "o's entire p]sonality4 ,su* a fundam5tal fact naturally evades description1 & c be grasp$ only by an act ( intuition & ?r\gh p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,x is really ! ,dh>ma 9 its highe/ s5se4 ,if by 8! /irr+ ( "o ?\ght0 ,ignorance came into our life1 ! awak5+ ( ano!r ?\ght mu/ put a /op to ,ignorance & br+ ab\t ,enlight5m5t4f#cc ,& 9 ?is !re is no ?\ght to be an object ( logical consci\sness or empirical reason+2 = 9 ,enlight5m5t ?9k] & ?9k+ & ?\ght are m]g$ 9 ! "o act ( see+ into ! v be+ ( ,self4 ,no fur!r explanation ( ! ,dh>ma is possible1 h5ce an appeal to via negativa4 ,& ?is has rea*$ its climax 9 ! nyat philosophy ( ,ngrjuna1 :i* is bas$ ^u ! tea*+ ( ! ,prajpramit lit]ature ( ,buddhism4 ,s we see t ,enlight5m5t is n ! outcome ( an intellectual process 9 :i* "o idea foll[s ano!r 9 sequ5ce f9ally to t]m9ate 9 conclusion or judgm5t4 ,!re is nei!r process nor judgm5t 9 ,enlight5m5t1 x is some?+ m fundam5tal1 some?+ :i* makes a judgm5t possible1 & )\t :i* no =m ( judgm5t c take place4 ,9 judgm5t !re are a subject & a pr$icate2 9 ,enlight5m5t subject is pr$icate1 & pr$icate is subject2 !y are "h m]g$ z "o1 b n z "o ( :i* some?+ c be /at$1 b z "o f :i* arises judgm5t4 ,we _c g beyond ?is absolute on5ess2 all ! intellectual op]ations /op "h2 :5 !y endeav\r to g fur!r1 !y draw a circle 9 :i* !y = ev] repeat !mselves4 ,?is is ! wall aga9/ :i* all philosophies h beat5 9 va94 ,?is is an intellectual t]ra incognita1 9 :i* prevails ! pr9ciple1 8,cr$o quia absurdum e/40 ,?is region ( d>kness1 h[ev]1 gives up its secrets :5 attack$ by ! w1 by ! =ce ( "o's entire p]sonality4 ,enlight5m5t is ! illum9at+ ( ?is d>k region1 :5 ! :ole ?+ is se5 at "o glance1 & all intellectual inquiries f9d "h _! rationale4 ,hi!rto "o may h be5 intellectually conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( a c]ta9 proposition1 b someh[ x has n yet ent]$ into 8 life1 ! tru? /ill lacks ultimate confirmation1 & he _c help feel+ a vague s5se ( indet]m9at5ess & uneas9ess4 ,enlight5m5t n[ comes ^u him 9 a my/]i\s way )\t any previ\s ann\ncem5t1 & all is settl$ ) him1 he is an ,arhat or ev5 a ,buddha4 ,! dragon has got its eyes dott$1 & x is no m a lifeless image pa9t$ on a canvas1 b w9ds & ra9s are its will+ s]vants n[4 ,x is q evid5t t ,enlight5m5t is n ! consci\sness ( logical p]spicuity or analytical complet5ess1 x is some?+ m ?an an intellectual s5se ( conclusiv5ess1 !re is some?+ 9 x :i* engages ! entire field ( consci\sness n only by ?r[+ light on ! :ole s]ies ( l9ks weld$ = ! purpose ( solv+ ! problems ( life1 b by giv+ a feel+ ( f9ality to all ! spiritual angui% t has ev] be5 s disquiet+ to "o's s\l4 ,! logical l9ks h[ev] accurately adju/$ & p]fectly wr\ght toge!r1 fail by !mselves to be pacify+ to ! s\l 9 ! mo/ ?or\ghgo+ mann]4 ,we require some?+ m fundam5tal or m imm$iate = ! purpose1 & ,i ma9ta9 t ! m]e review+ ( ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru? or ! ,twelvefold ,*a9 ( ,orig9ation does n result 9 ! atta9m5t ( ! ,anutt>a-samyak-sambodhi4 ,! ,buddha mu/ h exp]i5c$ some?+ t w5t f> deep] into 8 inmo/ consci\sness ?an ! m]e intellectual grasp+ ( empirical tru?s4 ,he mu/ h gone beyond ! sph]e ( analytical reason+4 ,he mu/ h come 9 t\* ) t :i* makes our intellectual op]ations possible1 9 fact t :i* conditions ! v exi/5ce ( our consci\s life4 ,:5 riputra saw ,avajit1 he notic$ h[ compos$ ! latt] 01 ) all 8 organs ( s5se well controll$ & h[ cle> & bright ! col\r ( 8 sk9 04 riputra c\ld n help ask+ him :o 0 8 tea*] & :at doctr9e he taught4 ,to ?is ,avajit repli$3 8,! great kyamuni1 ! ,bless$ ,"o1 is my tea*] & 8 doctr9e 9 sub/ance is ?is3 8,! ,buddha ha? ! cause told ,( all ?+s spr++ f a cause2 ,& also h[ ?+s cease to be-- ',tis ?is ! ,mighty ,monk proclaims40 ,x is said t on he>+ ?is exposition ( ! ,dh>ma1 !re arose 9 ! m9d ( riputra a cle> & di/9ct p]ception ( ! ,dh>ma t :atev] is subject to orig9ation is subject also to cessation4 riputra !n atta9$ to ! dea?less1 sorr[less /ate1 lo/ sight ( & neglect$ = _m myriads ( kalpas4 ,! po9t to :i* ,i wi% to call att5tion "h is ?is3 ,is !re any?+ intellectually rem>kable & extraord9>y & altoge!r orig9al 9 ?is /anza t has s miracul\sly awak5$ riputra f 8 habitually *]i%$ way ( ?9k+8 ,z f> z ! ,buddha's ,dh>ma 7,doctr9e7 0 conc]n$1 !re 0 n mu* ( any?+ 9 ^! f\r l9es4 ,x is said t !y are ! sub/ance ( ! ,dh>ma2 if s1 ! ,dh>ma may be said to be r devoid ( sub/ance1 & h[ c\ld riputra ev] f9d "h a tru? concrete & effici5t en\gh to turn him away f ! old rut8 ,! /anza :i* is not$ = hav+ a*iev$ ! conv]sion ( n only riputra b ,maudgalyyana1 has really no?+ *>act]i/ic ( ,buddhi/ic ?\ght1 /rong en\gh to produce su* a great result4 ,! reason = ?is1 !re=e1 mu/ be s\ght some:]e else1 t is1 n 9 ! =mal tru? conta9$ 9 ! /anza1 b 9 ! subjective condition ( ! "o to ^: e>s x *anc$ to fall & 9 :om x awak5$ a vision ( ano!r _w4 ,x 0 9 ! m9d ( riputra itself t op5$ up to a cle> & di/9ct und]/&+ ( ! ,dh>ma2 9 o!r words1 ! ,dh>ma 0 reveal$ 9 him z some?+ gr[+ out ( himself & n z an ext]nal tru? p\r$ into him4 ,9 a s5se ! ,dh>ma _h be5 9 8 m9d all ! "t b he 0 n aw>e ( its pres5ce !re until ,avajit's /anza 0 utt]$4 ,he 0 n a m]e passive recipi5t into :i* some?+ n native to 8 ,self 0 p\r$4 ,! he>+ ( ! /anza gave him an opportunity to exp]i5ce ! supreme mom5t4 ,if riputra's und]/&+ 0 intellectual & discursive1 8 dialogue ) n&a lat] on c\ld n take place 9 ! way x did4 ,9 ! ,sayutta-,nikya1 iii41 #bce;f1 we read3 n&a saw riputra com+ af> (f1 & he said to him2 8,s]5e & pure & radiant is y\r face4 ,bro!r riputra6 ,9 :at mood has riputra be5 to-day80 8,i h be5 alone 9 ,dhyana1 & to me came nev] ! ?\ght3 ,i am atta9+ x6 ,i h got x6 ,i h em]g$ f x60 ,"h we notice ! di/9ction betwe5 an intellectual & a spiritual und]/&+ :i* is ,enlight5m5t4 ,:5 riputra ref]r$ to ! cause ( 8 be+ s s]5e1 pure & radiant1 he did n expla9 x logically b j /at$ ! fact z he subjectively int]pret$ x himself4 ,:e!r ?is int]pretation ( 8 own 0 correct or n takes ! psy*ologi/ to decide4 ,:at ,i wi% to see "h is t riputra's und]/&+ ( ! doctr9e ( 8orig9ation & cessation0 0 n ! outcome ( 8 intellectual analysis b an intuitive compreh5sion ( 8 own inn] life-process4 ,betwe5 ! ,buddha's ,enlight5m5t :i* is sung 9 ! ,hymn ( ,victory & riputra's insight into ! ,dh>ma z ! doctr9e ( causation1 !re is a close connection 9 ! way _! m9ds work$4 ,9 ! "o ,enlight5m5t came fir/ & !n its expression2 9 ! o!r a def9ite /atem5t 0 address$ fir/ & !n came an insight2 ! process is rev]s$ "h4 ,b ! inadequacy ( relation betwe5 antec$5t & consequ5ce rema9s ! same4 ,! "o does n suffici5tly expla9 ! o!r1 :5 ! logical & intellectual und]/&+ alone is tak5 into consid]ation4 ,! explanation mu/ be s\ght n 9 ! objective tru? conta9$ 9 ! doctr9e ( causation1 b 9 ! /ate ( consci\sness itself ( ! enlight5$ subject4 ,o!rwise1 h[ d we acc\nt = ! e/abli%m5t ( su* a firm fai? 9 self-realisation or self-deliv]ance z ?is8 8,he has de/roy$ all evil passions 7sava72 he has atta9$ to he>t-emancipation 7ceto-vimutti7 & intellect-emancipation 7pann-vimutti71 "h 9 ?is visible _w he has by himself und]/ood1 realis$1 & ma/]$ ! ,dh>ma1 he has div$ deep into x1 has pass$ beyond d\bt1 has put away p]plexity1 has ga9$ full confid5ce1 he has liv$ ! life1 has done :at 0 to be done1 has de/roy$ ! fett] ( rebir?1 he has compreh5d$ ! ,dh>ma z x is truly 9 itself40f#cd ,?is is :y ! ,lakvatra-,stra tries s h>d to tell u t language is altoge!r inadequate z ! means ( express+ & communicat+ ! inn] /ate ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,:ile )\t language we may f>e worse at lea/ 9 our practical life1 we mu/ gu>d ourselves mo/ delib]ately aga9/ our tru/+ x too mu* beyond its legitimate (fice4 ,! ,sutra gives ! ma9 reason = ?is1 :i* is t language is ! product ( causal dep5d5ce1 subject to *ange1 un/eady1 mutually condition$1 & bas$ on false judgm5t z to ! true nature ( consci\sness4 ,= ?is reason language _c reveal to u ! ultimate signification ( ?+s 7p>amr?a74 ,! not$ analogy ( f+] & moon is mo/ appropriate to illu/rate ! relation betwe5 language & s5se1 symbol & reality4 ,if ! ,buddha's ,enlight5m5t really conta9$ s mu* 9 x t he himself c\ld n suffici5tly demon/rate or illu/rate x ) 8 8long ?9 tongue0 7prabhtatanujihva7 ?r\gh 8 long peaceful life giv5 to m$itation & disc\rs+1 h[ c\ld ^? less ?an he ev] hope to grasp x & atta9 spiritual emancipation8 ,?is is ! position tak5 up by ,z53 ,to compreh5d ! tru? ( ,enlight5m5t1 !re=e1 we mu/ ex]cise "s o!r m5tal p[] ?an intellection1 if we are at all 9 possession ( su*4 ,disc\rs+ fails to rea* ! goal & yet we h an unsatiat$ aspiration aft] ! unatta9able4 ,are we !n meant to live & die ?us torm5t$ = ev]8 ,if s1 ?is is ! mo/ lam5table situation 9 :i* we f9d ourselves on e>?4 ,buddhi/s h appli$ !mselves mo/ e>ne/ly to ! solution ( ! problem & h f9ally come to see t we h aft] all )9 ourselves :at we ne$4 ,?is is ! p[] ( intuition possess$ by _s & able to compreh5d spiritual tru? :i* w %[ u all ! secrets ( life mak+ up ! cont5t ( ! ,buddha's ,enlight5m5t4 ,x is n an ord9>y intellectual process ( reason+1 b a p[] t w grasp some?+ mo/ fundam5tal 9 an in/ant & 9 ! directe/ way4 ,praj is ! "n giv5 to ?is p[] by ! ,buddhi/s1 z ,i said1 & :at ,z5 ,buddhism aims at 9 its relation to ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t is to awak5 ,praj by ! ex]cise ( m$itation4 ,we read 9 ! ,saddh>ma-puarka3 8,o riputra1 ! true ,law und]/ood by ! ,ta?agata _c be reason$1 is beyond ! pale ( reason+4 ,:y8 ,= ! ,ta?agata appe>s 9 ! _w to c>ry out "o great object1 :i* is to make all be+s accept1 see1 ent] into1 & compreh5d ! k & insight ga9$ by ! ,ta?agata1 & also to make !m ent] ^u ! pa? ( k & insight atta9$ by ! ,ta?agata4444 ,^? :o le>n x f ! ,ta?agata also rea* 8 ,supreme ,p]fect ,enlight5m5t40f#ce ,if su* 0 ! "o great object ( ! ,buddha's appe>ance on e>?1 h[ d we get into ! pa? ( insight & realise ,supreme ,p]fect ,enlight5m5t8 ,& if ?is ,dh>ma ( ,enlight5m5t is beyond ! limits ( ! und]/&+1 no am\nt ( philosophis+ w ev] br+ u ne>] ! goal4 ,h[ d we !n le>n x f ! ,ta?agata8 ,decid$ly n f 8 m\?1 nor f ! records ( 8 s]mons1 nor f ! ascetic practise1 b f our own inn] consci\sness ?r\gh ! ex]cise ( dhyana4 ,& ?is is ! doctr9e ( ,z54 ,enlight5m5t & ,spiritual ,fre$om ,:5 ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t makes its appeal to ! inn] exp]i5ce ( ! ,buddhi/ & its cont5t is to be grasp$ imm$iately )\t any conceptual m$ium1 ! sole au?ority 9 8 spiritual life w h to be f\nd )9 himself2 traditionalism or in/itutionalism w naturally lose all its b9d+ =ce4 ,accord+ to him1 !n1 propositions w be true1 t is1 liv+1 because !y are 9 accordance ) 8 spiritual insight2 & 8 actions w p]mit no ext]nal /&>d ( judgm5t2 z long z !y are ! inevitable ov]fl[ ( 8 inn] life1 !y are good1 ev5 holy4 ,! direct issue ( ?is int]pretation ( ,enlight5m5t w be ! uphold+ ( absolute spiritual fre$om 9 e way1 :i* w fur!r lead to ! unlimit$ expansion ( 8 m5tal outlook go+ beyond ! n>r[ b\nds ( mona/ic & s*ola/ic ,buddhism4 ,?is 0 n h[ev]1 f ! ,mahayani/ic po9t ( view1 aga9/ ! _s ( ! ,buddha4 ,! con/itution ( ! ,bro!rhood w n[ h to *ange4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,buddhism1 x 0 a congregation ( homeless monks :o subject$ !mselves to a c]ta9 set ( ascetic rules ( life4 ,9 ?is ,buddhism 0 an exclusive possession ( ! lite1 & ! g5]al public or ,upsaka gr\p :o accept$ ! ,?reefold ,refuge ,=mula 0 a sort ( app5dage to ! regul> or pr(essional ,bro!rhood4 ,:5 ,buddhism 0 /ill 9 its fir/ /age ( developm5t1 ev5 nuns 7bhik%u7 7 n all[$ to come into ! community2 ! ,buddha receiv$ !m only aft] great reluctance1 prophesy+ t ,buddhism w\ld n[ live only half ( its normal life4 ,we c readily see f ?is fact t ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha & ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t 7 meant to be practis$ & realis$ only among limit$ classes ( p4 ,:ile ! ,buddha reg>d$ ! v>i\s elem5ts ( 8 congregation ) p]fect imp>tiality1 *]i%+ no prejudices z to _! social1 racial1 & o!r di/9ctions1 ! full b5efit ( 8 tea*+ c\ld n ext5d beyond ! mona/ic b\nd>ies4 ,if !re 0 no?+ 9 x t c\ld b5efit mank9d 9 g5]al1 ?is exclusiv5ess 0 naturally to be expect$4 ,b ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t 0 some?+ t c\ld n be kept ?us imprison$1 x _h _m ?+s 9 x t w\ld ov]fl[ all ! limitations set to x4 ,:5 ! conception ( ,bodhisattvahood came to be emphatically ass]t$1 a mona/ic & self-exclud+ community c\ld no long] hold its gr\nd1 a religion ( monks & nuns _h to become a religion ( laym5 & laywom54 ,an ascetic discipl9e lead+ to ! ,anpdhie%a-,nirva _h to give way to a sy/em ( tea*+ t w\ld make any "o atta9 ,enlight5m5t & demon/rate ,nirvana 9 8 daily life4 ,9 all ! ,mahayana ,sutras1 ?is g5]al t5d5cy 9 ! unfoldm5t ( ,buddhism is vehem5tly ass]t$1 %[+ h[ int5se 0 ! /ruggle betwe5 cons]vatism & progressivism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is _s ( fre$om :i* is ! p[] impell+ ,buddhism to break ?r\gh its mona/ic %ell & br++ =w>d ! idea ( ,enlight5m5t ev] vigor\sly be=e ! masses1 is ! life-impulse ( ! univ]se1--?is unhamp]$ activity ( _s1 & ev]y?+ t int]f]es ) x is de/9$ to be defeat$4 ,! hi/ory ( ,buddhism is ?us also a hi/ory ( fre$om 9 "o's spiritual1 intellectual1 & moral life4 ,! moral ari/ocracy & discipl9>y =malism ( primitive ,buddhism c\ld n b9d our _s = a v long p]iod ( "t4 ,z ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t grew to be m & m inw>dly int]pret$1 ! _s rose above ! =malism ( ,buddhi/ discipl9e4 ,x 0 ( no absolute necessity = "o to leave 8 home life & foll[ ! foot/eps ( ! w&]+ monks 9 ord] to rea* ! supreme fruit ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,inw>d purity1 & n ext]nal piety1 0 ! ?+ ne$$ = ! ,buddhi/ life4 ,! ,upsakas 7 9 ?is respect z good z ! ,bhik%us4 ,! fact is mo/ eloqu5tly illu/rat$ 9 ! ,vimalakrti-,stra4 ,! *ief "* "h is ,vimalakrti1 a lay philosoph]1 outside ! pale ( ! ,bro!rhood4 ,none ( ! ,buddha's disciples 7 8 mat*es 9 ! dep?1 bread?1 & subtleties ( ?\ght1 & :5 ! ,buddha told !m to visit 8 sickroom1 !y all excus$ !mselves = "s reason or o!r1 except ,majur1 :o is ,praj inc>nate 9 ,mahayana ,buddhism4 ,t ! lay-devotees ?us ass]t$ !mselves ev5 at ! exp5se ( ! ,arhats1 may also be glean$ f o!r s\rces ?an ! ,vimalakrti1 b especially f su* ,sutras z ! rml1 ,gahavyha1 ,vajrasamdhi1 ,c&rott>a-drik1 etc4 ,:at is ! mo/ notewor?y 9 ?is connection is t woman plays an important rle on v>i\s occasions4 ,n only is %e end[$ ) philosophis+ tal5ts1 b %e /&s on equal foot+ ) man4 ,among ! fifty-?ree philosoph]s or lead]s ( ?\ght visit$ by ,sudhana 9 8 religi\s pilgrimage1 he int]view$ _m wom5 9 v>i\s walks ( life1 & "s ( :om 7 ev5 c\rtesans4 ,!y all wisely disc\rs$ ) ! insatiable seek] ( tru?4 ,:at a diff]5t /ate ( affairs ?is 0 :5 comp>$ ) ! reluctant admission ( wom5 into ! ,sangha 9 ! e>ly days ( ,buddhism6 ,lat] ,buddhism may h lo/ some?+ 9 au/]ity1 alo(ness1 & ev5 sa9tl9ess1 :i* appeal /rongly to our religi\s imag9ation1 b x has ga9$ 9 democracy1 picturesqu5ess1 & l>gely 9 humanity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! free _s :i* w&]s out beyond ! mona/ic walls ( ! ,bro!rhood n[ foll[s its natural consequ5ce & endeav\rs to transc5d ! discipl9>y rules & ! ascetic =malism ( ! ,h9ayani/s4 ,! moral rules t 7 giv5 by ! ,buddha to 8 foll[]s z !y 7 call$ = by ! cont+5cies ( life1 7 conc]n$ m or less ) ext]nalism4 ,:5 ! ,buddha rema9$ ) !m z ! liv+ _s ( ! ,bro!rhood1 ^! rules 7 ! direct expressions ( ! subjective life2 b ) ! ,buddha's dep>ture1 !y grew rigid & fail$ to rea* ! inn] _s ( _! au?or1 & ! foll[]s ( ,enlight5m5t revolt$ aga9/ !m1 uphold+ 8! _s t give? life40 ,!y advocat$ p]fect fre$om ( _s1 ev5 aft] ! fa%ion ( ant9omians4 ,if ! _s 7 pure1 no acts ( ! body c\ld spoil x2 x c\ld w&] ab\t any:]e x lik$ ) absolute immunity4 ,x w\ld ev5 g d[n to hell1 if x 7 necess>y or exp$i5t = !m to d s1 = ! sake ( ! salvation ( ! deprav$4 ,x w\ld indef9itely po/pone ! ent]+ into ,nirvana if !re 7 /ill s\ls to save & m9ds to enlight54 ,accord+ to 8! lett] t kille?0 no ,buddhi/s 7 all[$ to ent] a liquor %op1 or to be famili> ) inmates ( ! h\ses b>r$ f respectability1 9 %ort1 ev5 = a mom5t to be ?9k+ ( violat+ any ( ! moral precepts4 ,b to ! ,mahayani/s all k9ds ( 8exp$i5cy0 or 8devices0 7 grant$ if !y 7 fully enlight5$ & _h _! spirits ?or\ghly purifi$4 ,!y 7 liv+ 9 a realm beyond good & evil1 & z long z !y 7 !re1 no acts ( !irs c\ld be classifi$ & judg$ accord+ to ! ord9>y measure ( e?ics2 !y 7 nei!r moral nor immoral4 ,^! relative t]ms _h no application 9 a k+dom gov]n$ by free spirits :i* so>$ above ! relative _w ( diff]5ces & oppositions4 ,?is 0 mo/ slipp]y gr\nd = ! ,mahayani/s4 ,:5 !y 7 really enlight5$ & fa?om$ ! dep?s ( spirituality1 e de$ ( !irs 0 a creative act ( ,god1 b 9 ?is extreme =m ( idealism1 objectivity _h no room1 & consequ5tly :o c\ld ev] di/+ui% lib]t9ism f spiritualism8 ,9 spite ( ?is pitfall ! ,mahayani/s 7 9 ! "r 9 consi/5tly foll[+ up all ! implications ( ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,_! p>t+ company ) ! ,h9ayani/s 0 inevitable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t leads to ! inw>dness ( "o's spiritual exp]i5ce1 :i* _c be analys$ intellectually )\t someh[ involv+ logical contradictions4 ,x ?us seeks to break ?r\gh e intellig5t b>ri] t may be set aga9/ x1 x longs = emancipation 9 e =m1 n only 9 ! und]/&+ b 9 life itself4 ,! unscrupul\s foll[]s ( ,enlight5m5t are ?us liable to deg5]ate into vot>ies ( lib]t9ism4 ,if ! ,mahayani/s rema9$ "h & did n see fur!r into ! real nature ( ,praj1 !y w\ld h c]ta9ly foll[$ ! fates ( ! ,fri5ds ( ,free ,_s1 b !y knew h[ ,enlight5m5t realises its true signification 9 love = all be+s & h[ fre$om ( _s has its own pr9ciple to foll[ ?\gh no?+ ext]nal is impos$ ^u x4 ,= fre$om does n mean lawlessness1 :i* is ! de/ruction & annihilation ( itself1 b creat+ out ( its inn] life-=ce all t is good & beautiful4 ,?is creat+ is call$ by ! ,mahayani/s 8skilful device0 7upya-kaualya71 9 :i* ,enlight5m5t is h>moni\sly w$d$ to love4 ,enlight5m5t :5 intellectually conceiv$ is n dynamical & /ops at illum9+ ! pa? :i* love w tread4 ,b ,praj is m ?an m]ely intellectual1 x produces ,k>u 7love or pity71 & ) h] co-op]ation x a*ieves ! great end ( life1 ! salvation ( all be+s f ,ignorance & passions & mis]y4 ,x n[ kn[s no end 9 devis+ all k9ds ( means to c>ry out its own teleological functions4 ,! ,saddh>ma-,puarka reg>ds ! ,buddha's appe>ance on e>? & 8 life 9 hi/ory z ! 8skilful devices0 ( _w-salvation on ! "p ( ! ,supreme ,be+ ( ,et]nal ,enlight5m5t4 ,?is creation1 h[ev]1 ceases to be a creation 9 its p]fect s5se :5 ! creator gr[s consci\s ( its teleological implicationsf#cf2 = "h !n is a split 9 8 consci\sness :i* w *eck ! spontane\s fl[+-out ( _s1 & !n fre$om w be lo/ at its s\rce4 ,su* devices z h gr[n consci\s ( _! purposes are no m 8skilful devices10 & accord+ to ! ,buddhi/s !y d n reflect ! p]fect /ate ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,?us ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t is to be supplem5t$ by ! doctr9e ( ,device 7upya71 or ! latt] may be said to evolve by itself f ! fir/ :5 x is conceiv$ dynamically & n z m]ely a contemplative /ate ( consci\sness4 ,! e>li] ,buddhi/s %[$ ! t5d5cy to consid] ,enlight5m5t ess5tially reflective or a /ate ( tranquillity4 ,!y made x some?+ lifeless & altoge!r uncreative4 ,?is h[ev] did n br+ out all t 0 conta9$ 9 ,enlight5m5t4 ,! affective or w elem5t :i* mov$ ! ,buddha to come out ( 8 ,sg>amudr-,samdhi1--a samadhi 9 :i* ! :ole univ]se 0 reflect$ 9 8 consci\sness z ! moon /amps h] image ^u ! ocean1--has n[ develop$ into ! doctr9e ( ,device4 ,= ! w is m fundam5tal ?an ! intellect & makes up ! ultimate pr9ciple ( life4 ,)\t ! 8devis+0 & self-regulat+ w1 life w be ! mad display ( a m]e bl9d =ce4 ,! wantonness ( 8a free _s0 is ?us n[ regulat$ to op]ate 9 ! great "w ( univ]sal salvation4 ,its creative activity w devise all possible means = ! sake ( love = all be+s animate z well z inanimate4 ,dhyana is "o ( ^? devices :i* w keep our m9ds 9 balance & well "u ! control ( ! w4 ,z5 is ! outcome ( ! dhyana discipl9e appli$ to ! atta9m5t ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,z5 & ,dhyana ,! t]m 8,z50 7*#8an 9 ,*9ese71 is an abbreviat$ =m ( ,z5na or ,*#8anna1#b4b :i* is ! ,*9ese r5d]+ ( 8dhyna10 or 8jhna10 & f ?is fact alone x is evid5t t ,z5 has a great deal to d ) ?is practice :i* has be5 c>ri$ on f ! e>ly days ( ! ,buddha1 inde$ f ! beg9n+ ( ,indian culture4 ,dhyana is usually r5d]$ 9 ,engli% m$itation1 &1 g5]ally speak+1 ! idea is to m$itate on a tru?1 religi\s or philosophical1 s t x may be ?or\ghly compreh5d$ & deeply engrav$ into ! inn] consci\sness4 ,?is is practis$ 9 a quiet place away f ! noise & confusion ( ! _w4 ,allusion to ?is ab\nds 9 ,indian lit]ature2 & 8to sit alone 9 a quiet place & to devote oneself to m$itation exclusively0 is ! phrase "o meets ev]y:]e 9 ! gamas4 ,! foll[+ conv]sation betwe5 ,s&hana1 a ,buddhi/1 & ,nigrodha1 an ascetic1 :i* is record$ 9 ! ,udumb>ika ,shanda ,suttanta1f#cg w ?r[ mu* light on ! habit ( ! ,buddha4 ,says ,s&hana1 8,b ! ,exalt$ ,"o haunts ! lonely & remote recesses ( ! =e/1 :]e noise1 :]e s\nd !re h>dly is1 :]e ! breezes f ! pa/ures bl[1 yet :i* are hidd5 f ! eyes ( m51 suitable = self-commun+40 ,to ?is1 ! ascetic w&]] answ]s3 8,look y n[1 h\sehold]1 "k y ) :om ! ,samana ,gotama talks8 ) :om he holds conv]sation8 ,by int]c\rse ) :om does he atta9 ! lucidity 9 wisdom8 ,! ,samana ,gotama's insight is ru9$ by 8 habit ( seclusion4 ,he is n at home 9 conduct+ an assembly4 ,he is n ready 9 conv]sation4 ,s he keeps ap>t f o!rs 9 solit>y places4 ,ev5 z a "o-ey$ c[ t1 walk+ 9 a circle1 foll[s only ! outskirts1 s is ! ,samana ,gotama40 ,aga9 we read 9 ! ,smaa-phala ,suttaf#ch3 8,!n1 ! ma/] ( ?is s excell5t body ( moral precepts1 gift$ ) ?is s excell5t self-re/ra9t z to ! s5ses1 end[$ ) ?is s excell5t m9dfulness & self-possession1 fill$ ) ?is s excell5t cont5t1 he *ooses "s lonely spot to re/ at on 8 way--9 ! woods1 at ! foot ( a tree1 on a hill side1 9 a m\nta9 gl51 9 a rocky cave1 9 a *>nel place1 or on a heap ( /raw 9 ! op5 field4 ,& return+ ?i!r aft] 8 r\nd = alms he seats himself1 :5 8 meal is done1 cross-legg$1 keep+ 8 body erect1 & 8 intellig5ce al]t1 int5t40 ,fur!r1 9 ! days ( ! ,buddha1 miracle-work+ & sophi/ical discussions seem to h be5 ! *ief bus9ess ( ! ascetics1 w&]]s1 & ,brahman metaphysicians4 ,! ,buddha 0 ?us frequ5tly urg$ to jo9 9 ! debates on philosophical que/ions & also to p]=m wond]s 9 ord] to make p embrace 8 tea*+4 ,nigrodha's comm5t on ! ,buddha conclusively %[s t ! ,buddha 0 a great disapprov] ( empty reason+1 devot+ himself to ?+s practical & productive ( results1 z well z t he 0 always e>ne/ly engag$ 9 m$itation away f ! _w4 ,:5 ,*i5-ku1 son ( a weal?y m]*ant 9 ,nal&a1 ask$ ! ,buddha to give 8 comm& to 8 disciples & make !m p]=m = ! b5efit ( 8 t[nspeople1 ! ,buddha flatly refus$1 say+1 8,my disciples are in/ruct$ to sit 9 solitude quietly & to be e>ne/ly m$itat+ on ! ,pa?4 ,if !y _h some?+ m]itori\s1 let !m conceal x1 b if !y _h faults1 let !m confess40f#ci ,an appeal to ! analytical und]/&+ is nev] suffici5t to ?or\ghly compreh5d ! inw>dness ( a tru?1 especially :5 x is a religi\s "o1 nor is m]e compulsion by an ext]nal =ce adequate = br++ ab\t a spiritual trans=mation 9 u4 ,we mu/ exp]i5ce 9 our inn]mo/ consci\sness all t is impli$ 9 a doctr9e1 :5 we are able n only to und]/& x b to put x 9 practice4 ,!re w !n be no discrepancy betwe5 k & life4 ,! ,buddha knew ?is v well1 & he endeav\r$ to produce k out ( m$itation1 ?is is1 to make wisdom gr[ f p]sonal1 spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,! ,buddhi/ way to deliv]ance1 !re=e1 consi/$ 9 ?reefold discipl9e3 moral rules 7la71 tranquillisation 7samdhi71 & wisdom 7praj74 ,by la "o's conduct is regulat$ ext]nally1 by ,samdhi quietude is atta9$1 & by ,praj real und]/&+ takes place4 ,h5ce ! importance ( m$itation 9 ,buddhism4 ,t ?is ?reefold discipl9e 0 "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic features ( ,buddhism s9ce its e>lie/ days is well atte/$ by ! fact t ! foll[+ =mula1 :i* is cull$ f ! ,mahp>9ibbna-,sutta1 is repeat$ly ref]r$ to 9 ! ,sutra z if x 7 a subject mo/ frequ5tly discuss$ by ! ,buddha = ! edification ( 8 foll[]s3 8,su* & su* is upright conduct 7la72 su* & su* is e>ne/ contemplation 7samdhi72 su* & su* is intellig5ce 7praj74 ,great becomes ! fruit1 great ! advantage ( intellect :5 x is set r\nd ) e>ne/ contemplation4 ,! m9d set r\nd ) intellig5ce is set q free f ! intoxications 7rava71 t is to say1 f ! intoxication ( s5suality 7kma71 f ! intoxication ( becom+ 7bhva71 f ! intoxication ( delusion 7di%ti71 f ! intoxication ( ignorance 7avidy7f#dj40 ,samadhi & dhyana are to a great ext5t synonym\s & int]*angeable1 b /rictly samadhi is a psy*ological /ate realis$ by ! ex]cise ( dhyana4 ,! latt] is ! process & ! =m] is ! goal4 ,! ,buddhi/ scriptures make ref]5ce to s _m samadhis1 & be=e deliv]+ a s]mon ! ,buddha g5]ally ent]s into a samadhi1f#da b nev] ,i ?9k into a dhyana4 ,! latt] is practis$ or ex]cis$4 ,b frequ5tly 9 ,*9a dhyana & samadhi are comb9$ to make "o ^w1 *#8an-t+2#b4c mean+ a /ate ( quietude atta9$ by ! ex]cise ( m$itation or dhyana4 ,!re are "s o!r t]ms analog\s to ^! two :i* are met ) 9 ,buddhi/ lit]ature z well z 9 o!r ,indian religi\s sy/ems4 ,!y are ,sapatti 7com+ toge!r71 ,samhita 7collect+ ! ?\ghts71 ama?a 7tranquillisation71 ,cittaikgrat 7conc5tration71 ,di%ta-dh>ma-sukha-vihra 7abid+ 9 ! bliss ( ! ,law p]ceiv$71 ,dhrai or ,dhraa 7ab/raction71 etc4 ,!y are all connect$ ) ! c5tral idea ( dhyana1 :i* is to tranquillise ! turbul5ce ( self-ass]tive passions & to br+ ab\t a /ate ( absolute id5tity 9 :i* ! tru? is realis$ 9 its inw>dness1 t is1 a /ate ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,! analytical t5d5cy ( philosoph]s is also evid5t 9 ?is :5 !y di/+ui% f\r or eight k9ds ( dhyana4f#db ,! fir/ dhyana is an ex]cise 9 :i* ! m9d is made to conc5trate on "o s+le subject until all ! co>se affective elem5ts are vani%$ f consci\sness except ! s]5e feel+s ( joy & peace4 ,b ! intellect is /ill active1 judgm5t & reflection op]ate ^u ! object ( contemplation4 ,:5 ^! intellectual op]ations too are quiet$ & ! m9d is simply conc5trat$ on "o po9t1 x is said t we h atta9$ ! second dhyana1 b ! feel+s ( joy & peace are /ill "h4 ,9 ! ?ird /age ( dhyana1 p]fect s]5ity obta9s z ! conc5tration gr[s deep]1 b ! subtle/ m5tal activities are n vani%$ & at ! same "t a joy\s feel+ rema9s4 ,:5 ! f\r? & la/ /age is rea*$1 ev5 ?is feel+ ( self-enjoym5t disappe>s1 & :at prevails 9 consci\sness n[ is p]fect s]5ity ( contemplation4 ,all ! intellectual & ! emotional factors liable to di/urb spiritual tranquillity are successively controll$1 & m9d 9 absolute composure rema9s absorb$ 9 contemplation4 ,9 ?is !re takes place a fully-adju/$ equilibrium betwe5 ,sama?a & ,vipasayana1 t is1 betwe5 tranquillisation or cessation & contemplation4 ,9 all ,buddhi/ discipl9e ?is h>mony is always s\ght aft]4 ,= :5 ! m9d tips ei!r way1 x gr[s ei!r too heavy 7/ynam7 or too light 7auddhatyam71 ei!r too torpid 9 m5tal activity or too giv5 up to contemplation4 ,! spiritual ex]cise ought to /e] ahead )\t be+ hamp]$ by ei!r t5d5cy1 !y ought to /rike ! middle pa?4 ,!re are fur!r f\r /ages ( dhyana call$ 8,arpa-vimok%a0 :i* are practis$ by ^? :o h pass$ beyond ! la/ /age ( dhyana4 ,! fir/ is to contemplate ! inf9ity ( space1 n di/urb$ by ! manifoldness ( matt]2 ! second is on ! inf9ity ( consci\sness z aga9/ ! fir/2 ! ?ird is meant to g /ill fur!r beyond ! di/9ction ( space & ?\ght2 & ! f\r? is to elim9ate ev5 ?is consci\sness ( non-di/9ction1 to be ?us altoge!r free f any trace ( analytical intellection4 ,besides ^! eight ,sampatti 78com+ toge!r07 ex]cises1 te*nically s call$1 ! ,buddha sometimes ref]s to /ill ano!r =m ( m$itation :i* is consid]$ to be di/9ctly ,buddhi/4 ,?is is m or less def9itely contra/$ to ! =ego+ by n be+ s exclusively intellectual b p>tly affective1 z x aims at putt+ a full /op to ! op]ation ( ,samj 7?\ght7 & ,v$ita 7s5sation71 t is1 ( ! ess5tial elem5ts ( consci\sness4 ,x is almo/ a /ate ( dea?1 total ext9ction1 except t "o 9 ?is dhyana has life1 w>m?1 & ! s5se-organs 9 p]fect condition4 ,b 9 po9t ( fact x is difficult to di/+ui% ?is ,nirodha-vimok%a 7deliv]ance by cessation7 f ! la/ /age ( ! ,aruppa 7or ,arpa7 m$itation1 9 bo? ( :i* consci\sness ceases to function ev5 9 its simple/ & mo/ fundam5tal acts4 ,:atev] ?is 01 x is evid5t t ! ,buddha l ! o!r ,indian lead]s ( ?\ght endeav\r$ to make 8 disciples realise 9 !mselves ! cont5t ( ,enlight5m5t by means ( dhyana1 or conc5tration4 ,!y 7 ?us made to gradually progress f a comp>atively simple ex]cise up to ! highe/ /age ( conc5tration 9 :i* ! dualism ( ! ,"o & ! ,_m vani%$ ev5 to ! ext5t ( a total cessation ( m5tation4 ,ap>t f ^! g5]al spiritual ex]cises1 ! ,buddha at v>i\s times told 8 foll[]s to m$itate on su* objectsf#dc z w\ld make !m ma/]s ( _! di/urb+ passions & intellectual entanglem5ts4 ,we c n[ see h[ ,z5 develop$ out ( ?is sy/em ( spiritual ex]cises4 ,z5 adopt$ ! ext]nal =m ( dhyana z ! mo/ practical me?od to realise ! end x _h 9 view1 b z to its cont5t ,z5 _h its own way ( int]pret+ ! _s ( ! ,buddha4 ,! dhyana practis$ by primitive ,buddhi/s 0 n 9 full accord ) ! object ( ,buddhism1 :i* is no o!r ?an ! atta9+ ( ,enlight5m5t & demon/rat+ x 9 "o's ev]yday life4 ,to d away ) consci\sness s t no?+ w di/urb spiritual s]5ity 0 too negative a /ate ( m9d to be s\ght aft] by ^? :o at all aspir$ to develop ! positive cont5t ( ! ,buddha's own enlight5$ m9d4 ,tranquillisation 0 n ! real end ( dhyana1 nor 0 ! be+ absorb$ 9 a samadhi ! object ( ,buddhi/ life4 ,enlight5m5t 0 to be f\nd 9 life itself1 9 its full] & fre] expressions1 & n 9 its cessation4 ,:at 0 x t made ! ,buddha pass all 8 life 9 religi\s p]egr9ation8 ,:at 0 x t mov$ him to sacrifice 8 own well-be+1 9 fact 8 :ole life1 = ! sake ( 8 fell[-creatures8 ,if dhyana _h no positive object except 9 pacify+ passions & enjoy+ absorption 9 ! unconsci\s1 :y did ! ,buddha leave 8 seat "u ! ,bodhi-tree & come out into ! _w8 ,if ,enlight5m5t 0 m]ely a negative /ate ( cessation1 ! ,buddha c\ld n f9d any impulse 9 him t w\ld urge him to ex]tion 9 behalf ( o!rs4 ,critics sometimes =get ?is fact :5 !y try to und]/& ,buddhism simply z a sy/em ( tea*+ z record$ 9 ! ,agamas & 9 ,pali ,buddhi/ lit]ature4 ,z ,i said be=e1 ,buddhism is also a sy/em built by 8 disciples ^u ! p]sonality ( ! ,buddha himself1 9 :i* ! _s ( ! ,ma/] is m def9itely affirm$4 ,& ?is is :at ,z5 has 9 its own way be5 attempt+ to d--to develop ! idea ( ,enlight5m5t m deeply1 positively1 & compreh5sively by ! practice ( dhyana & 9 con=mity ) ! _s ( g5]al ,buddhism1 9 :i* life1 purg$ ( its bl9d impulses & sanctifi$ by an insight into its real values1 w be ass]t$4 ,z5 &1 ! ,lakvatra ,( ! _m ,sutras t 7 introduc$ into ,*9a s9ce ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d41 ! "o 9 :i* ! pr9ciples ( ,z5 are m expressly & directly exp\nd$ ?an any o!rs1 at lea/ ^? t 7 9 exi/5ce at ! "t ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 is ! ,lakvatra ,stra4 ,z51 z its foll[]s ju/ly claim1 does n base its au?ority on any writt5 docum5ts1 b directly appeals to ! enlight5$ m9d ( ! ,buddha4 ,x refuses to d any?+ ) ext]nalism 9 all its v>iegat$ modes2 ev5 ! ,sutras or all ^? lit]>y rema9s ord9>ily reg>d$ z sacr$ & com+ directly f ! m\? ( ! ,buddha are look$ d[n ^u1 z we h already se51 z n t\*+ ! inw>d facts ( ,z54 ,h5ce its ref]5ce to ! my/ic dialogue betwe5 ! ,enlight5$ ,"o & ,mahkyapa on a b\quet ( fl[]s4 ,b ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 ! f\nd] ( ,z5 9 ,*9a1 h&$ ! ,lakvatra ov] to 8 fir/ ,*9ese disciple ,hui-k#8 z ! only lit]ature 9 exi/5ce at ! "t 9 ,*9a1 9 :i* ! pr9ciples ( ,z5 are taught4 ,:5 ,z5 unconditionally emphasises "o's imm$iate exp]i5ce z ! f9al fact on :i* x is e/abli%$ x may well ignore all ! scriptural s\rces z altoge!r uness5tial to its tru?2 & on ?is pr9ciple its foll[]s h q neglect$ ! /udy ( ! ,lakvatra4 ,b to ju/ify ! position ( ,z5 = ^? :o h n yet grasp$ x & yet :o are desir\s ( le>n+ some?+ ab\t x1 an ext]nal au?ority may be quot$ & conceptual argum5ts resort$ to 9 p]fect h>mony ) its tru?4 ,?is 0 :y ,dh>ma select$ ?is ,sutra out ( ! _m t _h be5 9 exi/5ce 9 ,*9a 9 8 day4 ,we mu/ approa* ! ,lakvatra ) ?is frame ( m9d4 ,!re are ?ree ,*9ese translations ( ! ,sutra /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,!re 0 a f\r? "o1 b x 0 lo/4 ,! fir/ 9 f\r volumes 0 produc$ dur+ ! ,lu-,sung dyna/y 7,a4,d4 #ddc7 by ,guabhadra1 ! second 9 t5 volumes comes f ! p5 ( ,bodhiruci1 ( ! ,yan-,wei dyna/y 7,a4,d4 #eac71 & ! ?ird 9 sev5 volumes is by ik%n&a1 ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y 7,a4,d4 #gjj74b4d ,! la/-m5tion$ is ! easie/ to und]/& & ! fir/ ! mo/ difficult1 & x 0 ?is1 ! mo/ difficult "o1 t 0 deliv]$ by ,dh>ma to 8 disciple ,hui-,k#8 z conta9+ ! 8ess5ce ( m9d04 ,9 =m & 9 cont5t ?is translation reflects ! e>lie/ text ( ! ,sutra1 & on x are writt5 all ! comm5t>ies we h at pres5t 9 ,japan4 ,! special features ( ?is ,sutra1 :i* di/+ui% x f ! o!r ,mahayana writ+s1 are1 to give ! mo/ notewor?y ones3 fir/1 t ! subject-matt] is n sy/ematically develop$ z 9 mo/ o!r ,sutras1 b ! :ole book is a s]ies ( notes ( v>i\s l5g?s2 secondly1 t ! ,sutra is devoid ( all sup]natural ph5om5a1 b fill$ ) deep philosophical & religi\s ideas conc]n+ ! c5tral tea*+ ( ! ,sutra1 :i* are v difficult to compreh5d1 due to t]sity ( expression & to ! ab/ruse nature ( ! subject-matt]2 ?irdly1 t x is 9 ! =m ( dialogues exclusively betwe5 ! ,buddha & ! ,bodhisattva ,mahmati :ile 9 ! o!r ,mahayana ,sutras ! pr9cipal figures are g5]ally m ?an "o besides ! ,buddha himself :o addresses !m 9 turn2 & la/ly1 t x conta9s no ,dh>anis or ,mantrams--^? my/ical signs & =mulas suppos$ to h a miracul\s p[]4 ,^! s+ul>ities are en\gh to make ! ,lakvatra occupy a unique position 9 ! :ole lore ( ! ,mahayana s*ool4 ,9 ?is *>act]isation ( ! ,lakvatra ,stra1 ,i am ref]r+ to ! fir/ ,*9ese text ( ,guabhadra4 ,! two lat] ones h ?ree new *apt]s 9 addition3 "o ( :i* =m+ ! fir/ *apt] is a sort ( introduction to ! :ole ,sutra1 giv+ ! ma9 idea ( :at is discuss$ 9 ! body ( ! text itself2 ! rema9+ two are atta*$ to ! end4 ,( ^!1 ! "o is a %ort collection ( ,dh>anis1 & ! o!r :i* is ! conclusion is kn[n z ! ,g? *apt] writt5 ?r\gh\t 9 v]se & summ>ises ! cont5ts ( ! :ole ,sutra4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 no p>agraph mak+ up ! 8regul> end+0 9 :i* ! :ole congregation unites 9 ! praise ( ! ,buddha & 9 its assurance ( obs]v+ 8 in/ructions4 ,!re is no d\bt t ^! ?ree new *apt]s are ( lat] gr[?4 ,! ma9 !sis ( ! ,lakvatra ,stra is ! cont5t ( ,enlight5m5t1 t is1 ! ,buddha's own inn] exp]i5ce 7pratytmagati7 conc]n+ ! great religi\s tru? ( ,mahayana ,buddhism4 ,mo/ ( ! read]s ( ! ,sutra h s+ul>ly fail$ to see ?is1 & cont5d t x pr9cipally expla9s ! ,five ,dh>mas1 ! ,?ree ,*>act]i/ics ( ,reality 7svabhva71 ! ,eight ,k9ds ( ,consci\sness 7vijna71 & ! ,two ,=ms ( ,non-,ego 7nairtmya74 ,x is true t ! ,sutra reflects ! psy*ological s*ool ( ,buddhism advocat$ by ,asaga & ,vasub&hu1 :5 = in/ance x ref]s to ! layavijna z ! /orage ( all k>mic se$s2 b su* & o!r ref]5ces 9 fact d n con/itute ! c5tral ?\ght ( ! ,sutra1 !y are m]ely made use ( 9 expla9+ ! 8noble und]/&+ ( ! ,buddha's inn] exp]i5ce0 7pratytmryajna74 ,!re=e :5 ,mahmati f9i%es prais+ ! ,buddha's virtues be=e ! :ole assembly at ! summit ( ,m\nt ,lak1 ! ,buddha is q def9ite 9 8 decl>ation ( ! ma9 !me ( 8 disc\rse 9 ?is ,sutra4 ,let u h[ev] fir/ quote ! song ( ! ,bodhisattva ,mahmati s9ce x sums up 9 a concise & def9ite mann] all ! ess5tials ( ,mahayana ,buddhism & s9ce at ! same "t x illu/rates my /atem5t conc]n+ ! union ( ,enlight5m5t & ,love4 ,! hymn runs z foll[s3 8,:5 ?\ reviewe/ ! _w ) ?y wisdom & compassion1 x is to !e l ! e!real fl[]1 & ( :i* we _c say :e!r x is creat$ or vani%+1 z ! categories ( be+ & non-be+ are inapplicable to x4 8,:5 ?\ reviewe/ all ?+s ) ?y wisdom & compassion1 !y are l visions1 !y are beyond ! rea* ( m9d & consci\sness1 z ! categories ( be+ & non-be+ are inapplicable to !m4 8,:5 ?\ reviewe/ ! _w ) ?y wisdom & compassion1 x is et]nally l a dream1 ( :i* we _c say :e!r x is p]man5t or x is subject to de/ruction1 z ! categories ( be+ & non-be+ are inapplicable to x4 8,! ,dh>makya ^: self-nature is a vision & a dream1 :at is !re to praise8 ,real exi/5ce is :]e rises no ?\ght ( nature & no-nature4 8,he ^: appe>ance is beyond ! s5ses & s5se-objects & is n to be se5 by !m or 9 !m--h[ c\ld praise or blame be pr$icat$ ( him1 ,o ,muni8 8,) ?y wisdom & compassion1 :i* really defy all qualifications1 ?\ compreh5de/ ! ego-less nature ( ?+s & p]sons & art et]nally clean ( ! evil passions & ( ! h9drance ( k4 8,?\ do/ n vani% 9 ,nirvana1 nor does ,nirvana abide 9 !e2 = x transc5ds ! dualism ( ! enlight5$ & enlight5m5t z well z ! alt]natives ( be+ & non-be+4 8,^? :o see ! ,muni s s]5e & beyond bir?1 are deta*$ f crav+s & rema9 /a9less 9 ?is life & aft]40 ,aft] ?is says ! ,buddha3 8,o y1 sons ( ! ,j9a1 "q me any?+ y feel l ask+4 ,i am go+ to tell y ab\t ! /ate ( my inn] atta9m5t 7pratytmagatigoc>am740 ,?is is conclusive1 no?+ is left to discussion conc]n+ ! !me ( ! ,lakvatra4 ,! five ,dh>mas1 ! ?ree ,*>act]i/ics1 etc41 are ref]r$ to only 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,buddha's exposition ( ! pr9cipal matt]4 ,! two lat] translations1 :i*1 z a=em5tion$1 conta9 "s extra *apt]s1 are divid$ regul>ly 9 ! "o into t5 & 9 ! o!r into eighte5 *apt]s1 :ile ! e>lie/ "o ( ,gunabhadra has j "o *apt] title = ! :ole book1 8,! ,gi/ ( all ! ,buddhawords40 ,! fir/ extra *apt] :i* is n f\nd 9 ,gunabhadra's text is rem>kable 9 ?is t x gives ! outl9es ( ! :ole ,sutra 9 ! =m ( a dialogue betwe5 ! ,buddha & ,rvana1 ,"l ( ! ,yak%as1 9 ! ,isle ( ,lak4 ,:5 ! ,buddha1 com+ out ( ! ,nga's palace1 views ! ca/le ( ,lak1 he smiles & rem>ks t ?is 0 ! place :]e all ! ,buddhas ( ! pa/ prea*$ reg>d+ ! excell5t und]/&+ ( ,enlight5m5t realis$ 9 _! inn] consci\sness1 :i* is beyond ! analysis ( logic & is n ! /ate ( m9d atta9able by ! ,tr?ya1 rvaka1 or ,pratyekabuddha4 ,! ,buddha !n adds t = ?is reason ! same ,dh>ma w be prop\nd$ = ,rvana1 ,"l ( ! ,yak%as4 ,9 response to ?is1 ! latt]1 mak+ all k9ds ( co/ly (f]+s to ! ,buddha1 s+s 9 ! praise ( 8 insight & virtues3 8,o ,"l1 in/ruct me 9 ?y sy/em ( doctr9e :i* is bas$ on ! self-nature ( m9d1 in/ruct me 9 ! doctr9e ( non-ego1 free f prejudices & defilem5ts1 ! doctr9e t is reveal$ 9 ?y inmo/ consci\sness40 ,9 ! conclusion ( ?is *apt]1 ! ,buddha reaffirms 8 doctr9e ( inn] realisation :i* is ,enlight5m5t3 8,x is l see+ "o's own image 9 a mirror or 9 wat]1 x is l see+ "o's own %ad[ 9 moonlight or lamplight1 aga9 x is l he>+ "o's voice e*o$ 9 ! valley3 z a man cl+s to 8 own false assumptions1 he errone\sly discrim9ates betwe5 tru? & falsehood1 & on acc\nt ( ?is false discrim9ation he fails to g beyond ! dualism ( opposites1 inde$ he *]i%es falsity & _c atta9 tranquillity4 ,by tranquillity is meant s+l5ess ( purpose 7or on5ess ( ?+s71 & by s+l5ess ( purpose is meant ! entrance into ! mo/ excell5t samadhi1 :]eby is produc$ ! /ate ( noble und]/&+ ( self-realisation1 :i* is ! receptacle ( ,ta?agatahood 7ta?gatag>bha740 ,f ^! quotations we c easily see :y ,bodhi-,dh>ma recomm5d$ ?is ,sutra = ! special p]usal ( 8 ,z5 disciples4 ,b 9 ord] to impress ! read] fur!r ) ! great importance ( ! ,lakvatra ,stra 9 ! hi/orical /udy ( ,z5 9 ,india & ,*9a1 ,i quote a few m passages %[+ h[ ! tea*+ ( self-realisation is develop$ 9 ! ,sutra4 ,accord+ to ! au?or1 ! anutt>a-samyak-sambodhi atta9$ by ! ,muni ( ! kyas1 :]eby he became ! ,buddha1 is realisable by transc5d+ ! ideas ( be+ & non-be+ 7nsy-a/i-vikalpa74 ,?is be+ ! fundam5tal error--?is *]i%+ ( dualism--mu/ be got rid ( z ! fir/ necess>y /ep to rea* ! /ate ( self-realisation4 ,! error comes f n p]ceiv+ ! tru? t all ?+s are empty 7nya71 uncreat$ 7anutpda71 non-duali/ic 7advaya71 & h no immutably individuali/ic *>act]s 7nisvabhvalak%aa74 ,by ! empt9ess ( ?+s is meant pr9cipally t _! exi/5ce be+ s ?or\ghly mutually condition+1 n[h]e obta9s ! false notion ( di/9ctive individuality1 & t :5 analysis is c>ri$ to its logical consequ5ce !re exi/s no?+ t w sep>ate "o object f ano!r 9 a f9al way2 !re=e says ! ,sutra1 8,sva-p>a-ubhaya-abhvt0 7!re exi/s nei!r "o nor ano!r nor bo?74 ,secondly1 ?+s are uncreat$1 because !y are n self-creat$1 nor are !y creat$ by an outside ag5cy4 ,?irdly1 z _! exi/5ce is reciprocally condition+1 a duali/ic conception ( ! _w is n ! ultimate "o1 & ?us x is a mi/ake1 due to ?is wrong discrim9ation 7vikalpa71 to seek ,nirvana outside ( ,sams>a 7bir?-&-dea?7 & ,sams>a outside ( ,nirvana4 ,f\r?ly1 ?is pr9ciple ( mutuality means ! d5ial ( individuality z absolute reality1 = !re is no?+ 9 exi/5ce t w absolutely ma9ta9 its individuality /&+ above all conditions ( relativity or mutual becom+--9 fact1 be+ is becom+4 ,= ^! reasons1 we c realise ! tru? ( ,enlight5m5t only by transc5d+ ! fir/ condition ( intellection1 :i* is1 accord+ to ! ,lakvatra1 ,p>ikalpa1 or ,vikalpa 7discrim9ation74 ,! w>n+ aga9/ ?is ,vikalpa :i* is ! analys+ t5d5cy ( m9d1 or1 we may say1 ! fundam5tally duali/ic disposition ( consci\sness is ! con/ant refra9 ( ! ,sutra1 :ile on ! o!r h& x nev] =gets to emphasise ! importance ( self-realisation :i* is atta9$ by ov]com+ ?is fundam5tal t5d5cy4 ,by ?us transc5d+ ! intellectual condition1 ,p>amr?asatya is realis$1 :i* is ! ultimate tru?1 & :i* subjectively con/itutes ,pratytmajna2 x is also ! et]nally abid+ law ( ! univ]se 7paura/hitidh>mat74 ,?is inw>dly realis$ tru? has _m names z x is view$ 9 v>i\s relations 9 :i* x /&s to human activities1 moral1 spiritual1 intellectual1 practical1 & psy*ological4 8,bodhi0 is enlight5m5t & us$ mo/ g5]ally1 9 ,mahayana z well z 9 ,h9ayana lit]ature1 to designate ! m9d 9 :i* ,ignorance is completely wip$ out2 ,ta?at 7?atness7 or ,bhtat 7reality7 is metaphysical4 ,nirvana is conceiv$ z a spiritual /ate 9 :i* all passional turmoil is quiet$2 ,ta?gatag>bha is m psy*ological ?an ontological2 ,citta is us$ z belong+ to ! s]ies ( m5tal t]ms su* z ,manas1 ,manovijna1 & o!r ,vijnas1 & is n always synonym\s ) ,bodhi or ,pratytmajna unless x is qualifi$ ) adjectives ( purity2 nyat is a negative t]m & di/9ctively epi/emological1 & ,buddhi/ s*ol>s1 especially ( ! ,prajpramit s*ool1 h be5 q fond ( ?is t]m1 & we see t ! ,lakvatra too has indulg$ 9 ! use ( x4 ,x goes )\t say+ h[ev] t ^! synonyms are helpful only z sign-po/s indicat+ ! way to ! cont5t ( self-realisation4 ,besides ^!1 we h two or ?ree mo/ frequ5tly repeat$ phrases to *>act]ise ! c5tral idea ( ! ,mahayana text4 ,9 fact1 :5 ! mean+ ( ^! phrases is grasp$ toge!r ) psy*ological disc\rse on ! ,citta & ,vijna1 ! :ole philosophy ( ,z5 z x is exp\nd$ 9 ! ,sutra gr[s transp>5t1 & also ) x ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ,mahayana ?\ght4 ,! phrases are3 8,vg-vikalpa-ahita0 or 8vg-ak%>a-prativikalpana v9ihata0 or 8vata-uc*$a-sad-asad-di%i-viv>jita40 ,) ^! ! read] is mo/ frequ5tly greet$ 9 ! ,sutra4 ,! fir/ & ! second phrases mean t ! inn] cont5t ( ! noble und]/&+ is beyond ! rea* ( words & analytical reason+1 & ! ?ird phrase says t ! ultimate tru? is n to be f\nd 9 et]nalism1 or nihilism1 or realism1 or non-realism4 ,! ,sutra sometimes goes s f> z ?is3 8,o ,mahmati1 x is because ! ,sutras are prea*$ to all be+s 9 accordance ) _! modes ( ?9k+1 & d n hit ! m>k z f> z ! true s5se is conc]n$2 words _c re-in/ate ! tru? z x is4 ,x is l mirage1 deceiv$ by :i* ! animals make an errone\s judgm5t z to pres5ce ( wat] :]e !re is really none2 ev5 s1 all ! doctr9es 9 ! ,sutras are int5d$ to satisfy ! imag9ation ( ! masses1 !y d n reveal ! tru? :i* is ! object ( ! noble und]/&+4 ,!re=e ,o ,mahmati1 con=m y\rself to ! s5se1 & d n be engross$ 9 words & doctr9es40f#dd ,! purport ( ^! adjectives & phrases is t no conceptual int]pretation is possible ( ,enlight5m5t or self-realisation & t ! realisation mu/ issue f "o's own inn] consci\sness1 indep5d5t ( scriptural tea*+ or ( ano!r's help4 ,= all t is ne$$ to lead "o to ! atta9m5t ( ,pratytmryajna is )9 oneself1 only t x is 9 a /ate ( confusion ow+ to wrong judgm5ts 7vikalpa7 *]i%$ & infus$ 7vsan7 9 ! m9d s9ce beg9n+less "t4 ,x requires a direct1 p]sonal confirmation or transmission f ! ,buddhas1 b ev5 ^! latt] are unable to awak5 u to ! exalt$ /ate ( ,enlight5m5t unless we ourselves conc5trate our spiritual ef=ts 9 ! "w ( self-emancipation4 ,!re=e1 m$itation 7dhyna7 is recomm5d$ 9 ! ,sutra z ! means ( atta9+ to ! tru? ( ! inmo/ consci\sness4 ,! idea ( dhyana z expla9$ 9 ! ,lakvatra1 h[ev]1 is diff]5t f :at we g5]ally "k 9 ,h9ayana lit]ature1f#de t is1 f ^? k9ds ( dhyana m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s "p ( ?is essay4 ,! ,sutra di/+ui%es f\r dhyanas3 ! fir/ is practis$ by ! unle>n$ 7blopacrika71 su* z ! rvakas1 ,pratyeka-buddhas1 & devotees ( ! ,yoga4 ,!y h be5 in/ruct$ 9 ! doctr9e ( nontman1 & reg>d+ ! _w z imp]man5t1 impure1 & pa9-produc+1 !y p]si/5tly foll[ ^! ?\ghts until !y realise ! samadhi ( ?\ght-ext9ction4 ,! second dhyana is designat$ 8/atem5t-review+0 7ar?a-pravicaya7 by :i* is meant an intellectual exam9ation ( /atem5ts or propositions1 ,buddhi/ or non-,buddhi/1 su* z 8,ea* object has its individual m>ks10 8,!re is no p]sonal ,atman10 8,?+s are creat$ by an ext]nal ag5cy10 or 8?+s are mutually det]m9$02 & aft] ! exam9ation ( ^! !mes ! practis] ( ?is dhyana turns 8 ?\ght on ! non-atman-ness ( ?+s 7dh>ma-nairtmya7 & on ! *>act]i/ic features ( ! v>i\s /ages 7bhmi7 ( ,bodhisattva%ip1 & f9ally 9 accordance ) ! s5se involv$ !re9 he goes on ) 8 contemplative exam9ation4 ,! ?ird dhyana is call$ 8,atta*+ oneself to ,?atness0 7ta?atlambana7 :]eby "o realises t to discrim9ate ! two =ms ( non-atman-ness is /ill due to an analytical speculation & t :5 ?+s are tru?fully 7ya?bhtam7 p]ceiv$1 no su* analysis is possible1 = !n !re obta9s absolute on5ess only4 ,! f\r? & la/ is 8,ta?gata-dhyna40 ,9 ?is "o ent]s into ! /age ( ,buddhahood :]e he enjoys a ?reefold beatitude belong+ to ! noble und]/&+ ( self-realisation & p]=ms wond]ful de$s = ! sake ( all s5ti5t be+s4 ,9 ^! dhyanas we obs]ve a gradual p]fection ( ,buddhi/ life culm9at+ 9 ! utmo/ spiritual fre$om ( ,buddhahood1 :i* is above all intellectual conditions & beyond ! rea* ( relative consci\sness4 ,^? wond]ful1 un?9kable 7ac9tya7 de$s issu+ f spiritual fre$om are te*nically call$ 8de$s p]=m$ ) no s5se ( utility0 7anbhogac>y71 or ! 8de$s ( no purpose0 z ref]r$ to else:]e1 & mean ! p]fection ( ,buddhi/ life4 ,! ,lakvatra 0 ?us h&$ ov] by ,bodhi-,dh>ma to 8 fir/ disciple ,hui-k#8 z ! mo/ illum9at+ docum5t on ! doctr9e ( ,z54 ,b ! developm5t ( ,z5 9 ,*9a naturally did n foll[ ! l9e z 0 indicat$ 9 ! ,sutra1 t is1 aft] ! ,indian fa%ion2 ! soil :]e ! dhyana ( ! ,lakvatra 0 transplant$ did n fav\r its gr[? 9 ! same mann] z x did 9 ! orig9al climate4 ,z5 0 inspir$ ) ! life & _s ( ! dhyana ( ! ,ta?agata1 b x creat$ its own mode ( manife/ation4 ,inde$ ?is 0 :]e x %[$ its wond]ful p[] ( vitality & adaptation4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t z ,z5 9 ,*9a ,to und]/& h[ ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t or self-realisation came to be translat$ 9 ,*9a z ,z5 ,buddhism1 we mu/ fir/ see :]e ! ,*9ese m9d v>ies f ! ,indian g5]ally4 ,:5 ?is is done1 ,z5 w appe> z a mo/ natural product ( ! ,*9ese soil :]e ,buddhism has be5 successfully transplant$ 9 spite ( _m adv]se conditions4 ,r\ghly1 !n1 ! ,*9ese are above all a mo/ practical p :ile ! ,indians are vision>y & highly speculative4 ,we _c p]haps judge ! ,*9ese z unimag9ative & lack+ 9 ! dramatic s5se1 b :5 !y are comp>$ ) ! inhabitants ( ! ,buddha's native l&1 !y look s grey1 s sombre4 ,! geographical features ( ea* c\ntry are s+ul>ly reflect$ 9 ! p4 ,! tropical luxuriance ( imag9ation s /rik+ly contra/s ) ! w9t]y dre>9ess ( common practicalness4 ,! ,indians are subtle 9 analysis & dazzl+ 9 poetic flight2 ! ,*9ese are *ildr5 ( e>?ly life1 !y plod1 !y nev] so> away 9 ! air4 ,_! daily life consi/s 9 till+ ! soil1 ga!r+ dry leaves1 draw+ wat]1 buy+ & sell+1 be+ filial1 & obs]v+ social duties1 & develop+ ! mo/ elaborate sy/em ( etiquette4 ,be+ practical means 9 a s5se be+ hi/orical1 obs]v+ ! progress ( "t & record+ its traces z !y are left beh9d4 ,! ,*9ese c v well boa/ ( _! be+ great record]s1--su* a contra/ to ! ,indian lack ( s5se ( "t4 ,n satisfi$ ) books pr9t$ on pap] & ) ink1 ! ,*9ese w\ld engrave _! de$s deep 9 /one1 & h develop$ a special art ( /one-cutt+4 ,?is habit ( record+ ev5ts has develop$ _! lit]ature1 & !y are q lit]>y & n at all w>like1 !y love a peaceful life ( culture4 ,_! weakness is t !y are will+ to sacrifice facts = lit]>y effects1 = !y are n v exact & sci5tific4 ,love ( f9e rhetoric & beautiful expressions has frequ5tly dr[n$ _! practical s5se1 b "h is also _! art4 ,well re/ra9$ ev5 9 ?is1 _! sob]ness nev] rea*es t =m ( fantasy :i* we enc\nt] 9 mo/ ( ! ,mahayana texts4 ,! ,*9ese are 9 _m ways great1 _! ar*itecture is great inde$1 _! lit]>y a*ievem5ts des]ve ! _w's ?anks2 b logic is n "o ( _! /rong po9ts2 nor are _! philosophy & imag9ation4 ,:5 ,buddhism ) all its *>act]i/ically ,indian dialectics & imag]ies 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,*9a1 x mu/ h /agg]$ ! ,*9ese m9d4 ,look at its gods ) _m heads & arms--some?+ t has nev] ent]$ into _! heads1 9 fact into no o!r nation's ?an ! ,indian's4 ,?9k ( ! weal? ( symbolism ) :i* e be+ 9 ,buddhi/ lit]ature seems to be end[$4 ,! ma!matical conception ( inf9ities1 ! ,bodhisattva's plan ( _w-salvation1 ! wond]ful /age-sett+ be=e ! ,buddha beg9s 8 s]mons1 n only 9 _! g5]al outl9es b 9 _! details--bold1 yet accurate1 so>+ 9 flight1 yet sure ( e /ep--^! & _m o!r features mu/ h be5 ?+s ( wond]m5t to ! practical & e>?-plodd+ p ( ,*9a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o quotation f a ,mahayana ,sutra w conv9ce read]s ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,indian & ,*9ese m9ds1 9 reg>d to _! imag9ative p[]s4 ,9 ! ,saddh>ma-puarka ! ,buddha wi%es to impress 8 disciples z to ! l5g? ( "t pass$ s9ce 8 atta9m5t ( ,supreme ,enlight5m5t2 he does n m]ely /ate t x is a mi/ake to ?9k t 8 ,enlight5m5t took place "s c\ntable numb] ( ye>s ago "u ! ,bodhi-tree ne> ! t[n ( ,gay2 nor does he say 9 a g5]al way t x happ5$ ages ago1 :i* is v likely ! way ) ! ,*9ese1 b he describes 9 a mo/ analytical way 9 h[ remote an age x 0 t he came to ,enlight5m5t4 8,b1 "y m5 ( good family1 ! tru? is t _m hundr$ ?\s& myriads ( kotis ( ons ago ,i h arriv$ at ,supreme1 ,p]fect ,enlight5m5t4 ,by way ( example1 "y m5 ( good family1 let !re be ! atoms ( e>? ( fifty hundr$ ?\s& myriads ( kotis ( worlds2 let !re exi/ "s man :o takes "o ( ^! atoms ( du/ & !n goes 9 an ea/]n direction fifty hundr$ ?\s& myriads ( kotis ( worlds fur!r on1 !re to deposit t atom ( du/2 let ! man 9 ?is mann] c>ry away f all ^? worlds ! :ole mass ( e>?1 & 9 ! same mann]1 & by ! same act z suppos$1 deposit all ^? atoms 9 an ea/]n direction4 ,n[ w\ld y ?9k1 "y m5 ( good family1 t any "o %\ld be able to weigh1 imag9e1 c\nt1 or det]m9e ! numb] ( ^! worlds8 ,! ,"l hav+ ?us spok51 ! ,bodhisattva ,mahsattva ,maitreya & ! entire ho/ ( ,bodhisattvas repli$3 ,!y are incalculable1 ,o ,"l1 ^? worlds1 c\ntless1 beyond ! range ( ?\ght4 ,n ev5 all ! rvakas & ,pratyeka-buddhas1 ,o ,"l1 ) _! rya-k1 w be able to imag9e1 c\nt1 or det]m9e !m4 ,= u also1 ,o ,"l1 :o are ,bodhisattvas /&+ on ! place f :5ce !re is no turn+ back1 ?is po9t lies beyond ! sph]e ( our compreh5sion2 s innum]able1 ,o ,"l1 are ^? worlds4 8,?is said1 ! ,buddha spoke to ^? ,bodhisattvas ,mahsattvas z foll[s3 ,i ann\nce to y1 "y m5 ( good family1 ,i decl>e to y3 ,h[ev] num]\s be ^? worlds :]e t man deposits ^? atoms ( du/ & :]e he does n1 !re are n1 "y m5 ( good family1 9 all ^? hundr$ ?\s&s ( myriads ( kotis ( worlds s _m du/ atoms z !re are hundr$ ?\s&s ( myriads ( kotis ( ons s9ce ,i h arriv$ at ,supreme1 ,p]fect ,enlight5m5t40f#df ,su* a conception ( numb] & su* a me?od ( description w\ld nev] h ent]$ ! ,*9ese m9d4 ,!y are1 ( c\rse1 capable ( conceiv+ long duration1 & great a*ievem5ts1 9 :i* !y are n beh9d any nation2 b to express _! idea ( va/ness 9 ! mann] ( ! ,indian philosoph]s w\ld be beyond _! und]/&+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ?+s are n )9 ! rea* ( conceptual description & yet :5 !y are to be communicat$ to o!rs1 ! ways op5 to mo/ p w be ei!r to rema9 sil5t1 or to decl>e !m simply to be beyond words1 or to resort to negation say+1 8n ?is10 8n t10 or if "o 7 a philosoph]1 to write a book expla9+ h[ logically impossible x 0 to disc\rse on su* subjects2 b ! ,indians f\nd q a novel way ( illu/rat+ philosophical tru?s t _c be appeal$ to analytical reason+4 ,!y resort$ to miracles or sup]natural ph5om5a = _! illu/ration4 ,?us !y made ! ,buddha a great magician2 n only ! ,buddha b almo/ all ! *ief *>act]s appe>+ 9 ! ,mahayana scriptures became magicians4 ,& 9 my view ?is is "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ features ( ! ,mahayana texts--?is description ( sup]natural ph5om5a 9 connection ) ! tea*+ ( ab/ruse doctr9e4 ,"s may ?9k x altoge!r *ildi% & injur+ ! dignity ( ! ,buddha z tea*] ( solemn religi\s tru?s4 ,b ?is is a sup]ficial int]pretation ( ! matt]4 ,! ,indian ideali/s knew f> bett]2 !y _h a m p5etrat+ imag9ation :i* 0 always effectively employ$ by !m :5ev] ! intellect 0 put to a task beyond its p[]4 ,we mu/ und]/& t ! motive ( ! ,mahayani/s :o made ! ,buddha p]=m all ^! magical feats 0 to illu/rate ?r\gh imag]ies :at 9 ! v nature ( ?+s c\ld n be done 9 an ord9>y me?od op5 to human intellect4 ,:5 ! intellect fail$ to analyse ! ess5ce ( ,buddhahood1 _! ri* imag9ation came 9 to help !m out by visualis+ x4 ,:5 we try to expla9 ,enlight5m5t logically1 we always f9d ourselves involv$ 9 contradictions4 ,b :5 an appeal is made to our symbolical imag9ation--especially if "o is lib]ally end[$ ) ?is faculty--! matt] is m readily compreh5d$4 ,at lea/ ?is seems to h be5 ! ,indian way ( conceiv+ ! signification ( sup]naturalism4 ,:5 ,vimalakrti 0 ask$ by riputra h[ su* a small room z 8 ) j "o seat = himself c\ld accommodate all ! ho/s ( ,bodhisattvas & ,arhats & ,devas numb]+ _m ?\s&s1 :o 7 com+ !re ) ,majur to visit ! sick philosoph]1 repli$ ,vimalakrti1 8,are y "h to seek *airs or ! ,dh>ma8444 ,"o :o seeks ! ,dh>ma f9ds x 9 seek+ x 9 no?+40 ,!n le>n+ f ,majur :]e to obta9 seats1 he asks a ,buddha call$ ,sum]udp>ja to supply him ) #cb1jjj lion-seats1 maje/ically decorat$ & z high z #hd1jjj yojanas4 ,:5 !y 7 br\ght 91 8 room1 =m]ly l>ge en\gh = "o seat1 n[ miracul\sly accommodat$ all ! ret9ue ( ,majur1 ea* "o ( :om 0 com=tably seat$ 9 a cele/ial *air1 & yet ! :ole t[n ( ,vaili & ! re/ ( ! _w did n appe> on ?is acc\nt cramm$ to ov]fl[+4 riputra 0 surpris$ beyond measure to witness ?is sup]natural ev5t1 b ,vimalakrti expla9$ t = ^? :o und]/& ! doctr9e ( spiritual emancipation1 ev5 ! ,m\nt ( ,sum]u c\ld be seal$ up 9 a se$ ( mu/>d1 & ! waves ( ! f\r great oceans c\ld be made to fl[ into "o pore ( ! sk9 7romakpa71 )\t ev5 giv+ any s5se ( inconv5i5ce to any ( ! fi%es1 crocodiles1 tortoises1 & o!r liv+ be+s 9 !m2 ! spiritual k+dom 0 n b\nd 9 space & "t4 ,to quote ano!r in/ance f ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,lakvatrastra1 :i* does n appe> 9 ! olde/ ,*9ese translation4 ,:5 ,k+ ,rvaa 0 reque/+ ! ,buddha ?r\gh ! ,bodhisattva ,mahmati to disclose ! cont5t ( 8 inn] exp]i5ce1 ! k+ unexpect$ly notic$ 8 m\nta9-resid5ce turn$ into numb]less m\nta9s ( preci\s /ones & mo/ ornately decorat$ ) cele/ial gr&eur1 & on ea* ( ^! m\nta9s he saw ! ,buddha manife/$4 ,& be=e ea* ,buddha !re /ood ,k+ ,rvaa himself ) all 8 assemblage z well z all ! c\ntries 9 ! t5 qu>t]s ( ! _w1 & 9 ea* ( ^? c\ntries !re appe>$ ! ,ta?agata1 be=e :om aga9 !re 7 ,k+ ,rvaa1 8 families1 8 palaces1 8 g>d5s1 all decorat$ exactly 9 ! same /yle z 8 own4 ,!re 0 also ! ,bodhisattva ,mahmati 9 ea* ( ^! innum]able assemblies ask+ ! ,buddha to decl>e ! cont5t ( 8 inn] spiritual exp]i5ce2 & :5 ! ,buddha f9i%$ 8 disc\rse on ! subject ) hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( exquisite voices1 ! :ole sc5e sudd5ly vani%$1 & ! ,buddha ) all 8 ,bodhisattvas & 8 foll[]s 7 no m2 !n ,k+ ,rvaa f\nd himself all alone 9 8 old palace4 ,he n[ reflect$3 8,:o 0 he t ask$ ! "q8 ,:o 0 he t li/5$8 ,:at 7 ^? objects t appe>$ be=e me8 ,0 x a dream8 or a magical ph5om5on80 ,he aga9 reflect$3 8,?+s are all l ?is1 !y are all creations ( "o's own m9d4 ,:5 m9d discrim9ates1 !re is manifoldness ( ?+s2 b :5 x does n1 x looks into ! true /ate ( ?+s40 ,:5 he ?us reflect$1 he he>d voices 9 ! air & 9 8 own palace1 say+3 8,well y h reflect$1 ,o ,k+6 ,y %\ld conduct y\rself accord+ to ?is view40 ,! ,mahayana lit]ature is n ! only record] ( ! miracul\s p[] ( ! ,buddha1 :i* transc5ds all ! relative conditions ( space & "t z well z ( human activities m5tal & physical4 ,! ,pali scriptures are by no means beh9d ! ,mahayana 9 ?is respect4 ,n to speak ( ! ,buddha's ?reefold k :i* consi/s 9 ! k ( ! pa/1 ! future1 & ( 8 own emancipation1 he c also practise :at is kn[n z ! ?ree wond]s :i* are ! my/ic wond]1 ! wond] ( education1 & ! wond] ( manife/ation4 ,b :5 we c>efully exam9e ! miracles describ$ 9 ! ,nikayas1 we see t !y h no o!r objects 9 view ?an ! magnification & deification ( ! p]sonality ( ! ,buddha4 ,! record]s ( ^! miracles mu/ h ?\ght t !y c\ld ?us make _! ma/] great] & f> above ord9>y mortals 9 ! e/imate ( _! rivals4 ,f our mod]n po9t ( view x 0 q *ildi% = !m to imag9e t any unusual de$s p]=m$ by _! ma/] w\ld attract1 z we read 9 ! ,kevaddha ,sutta1 p's att5tion to ,buddhism & recognise its sup]ior value on t v acc\nt2 b 9 ^? anci5t days 9 ,india1 ! masses1 nay ev5 le>n$ s*ol>s1 ?\ght a great deal ( sup]naturalism1 & naturally ! ,buddhi/s made ! be/ possible use ( ?is belief4 ,b :5 we come to ! ,mahayana ,sutras we at once p]ceive t ! miracles describ$ "h on a mu* gr&] scale h no?+ to d ) sup]naturalism z su* or ) any ult]ior motives su* z propag&ism or self-aggr&isem5t1 b t !y are ess5tially & intimately connect$ ) ! doctr9e itself :i* is exp\nd$ 9 ! texts4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,praj-pramit ,stra e "p ( ! body ( ! ,buddha simultane\sly emits innum]able rays illum9at+ at once ! fur!/ ends ( ! worlds1 :]eas 9 ! ,avatasaka ,stra ! diff]5t p>ts ( 8 body %oot out beams ( light on diff]5t occasions4 ,9 ! ,saddh>ma-puarka ,stra1 a ray ( light issues f )9 ! circle ( hair betwe5 ! eyebr[s ( ! ,buddha :i* illum9ates ov] eighte5 hundr$ ?\s& ,buddha-c\ntries 9 ! ea/]n qu>t]1 reveal+ e be+ 9 !m1 ev5 ! inhabitants ( ! deepe/ hell call$ ,avici4 ,x is evid5t t ! ,mahayana writ]s ( ^! ,sutras _h 9 _! m9ds some?+ mu* diff]5t f ! ,h9ayana compil]s ( ! ,nikayas 9 _! n>ratives ( ! miracul\s p[] ( ! ,buddha4 ,:at t some?+ 0 ,i h "h po9t$ out 9 a mo/ g5]al way4 ,a sy/ematic /udy 9 detail ( ! ,mahayana sup]naturalism w no d\bt be an int]e/+ "o4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! above ref]5ces w suffice ,i believe to e/abli% my !sis t ! reason = ! introduction ( sup]naturalism into ! ,mahayana lit]ature ( ,buddhism 0 to demon/rate ! intellectual impossibility ( compreh5d+ spiritual facts4 ,:ile philosophy exhau/$ its res\rces logically to expla9 !m1 ,vimalakrti l ,bhva1 a ,v$ic my/ic1 rema9$ sil5t2 n satisfi$ ) ?is1 ! ,indian ,mahayana writ]s fur!r introduc$ sup]naturali/ic symbolism1 b x rema9$ ) ! ,*9ese ,z5 ,buddhi/s to inv5t _! own me?ods to cope1 accord+ to _! own ne$s & insight1 ) ! difficulties ( communicat+ "o's highe/ & deepe/ spiritual exp]i5ce kn[n z ,enlight5m5t 9 ,buddhism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*9ese h no aptitude l ! ,indians to hide !mselves 9 ! cl\ds ( my/]y & sup]naturalism4 ,*wang-tz & ,lieh-tz 7 ! ne>e/ to ! ,indian type ( m9d 9 anci5t ,*9a1 b _! my/icism does n beg9 to approa* t ( ! ,indian ,mahayani/s 9 gr&eur1 9 elaborat5ess1 & 9 ! height ( so>+ imag9ation4 ,*wang-tz did 8 be/ :5 he rode up 9 ! air on ! back ( ! ,tai-p#8ng ^: w+s so>$ l ov]hang+ cl\ds2 & ,lieh-tz :5 he c\ld comm& w9ds & cl\ds z 8 *>iote]s4 ,! lat] ,taoi/s dream$ ( asc5d+ to ! heav5s aft] s _m ye>s ( ascetic discipl9e & by tak+ an elixir ( life concoct$ f v>i\s r>e h]bs4 ,?us 9 ,*9a we h s _m ,taoi/ h]mits liv+ 9 ! m\nta9s f> away f human habitations4 ,no ,*9ese sa9ts or philosoph]s are h[ev] record$ 9 hi/ory :o h be5 capable ( equall+ ,vimalakrti or ,majur or ev5 any ( ! ,arhats4 ,! ,confucian v]dict t sup]ior man nev] talks ab\t miracles1 wond]s1 & sup]naturalism1 is ! true expression ( ,*9ese psy*ology4 ,! ,*9ese are ?or\ghly practical4 ,!y mu/ h _! own way ( int]pret+ ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t z appli$ to _! daily life1 & !y c\ld n help creat+ ,z5 z an expression ( _! inmo/ spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,if ! imag]y ( sup]naturalism did n appeal to sob] ,*9ese "*1 h[ did ! ,*9ese foll[]s ( ,enlight5m5t contrive to express !mselves8 ,did !y adopt ! intellectual me?od ( ! nyat philosophy8 ,no1 ?is too 0 n aft] _! ta/e1 nor 0 x q )9 ! rea* ( _! m5tal calibre4 ,! ,praj-,pramit 0 an ,indian creation & n ! ,*9ese4 ,!y c\ld h produc$ a ,*wang-tz or ^? ,taoi/ dream]s ( ! ,six ,dyna/ies1 b n a ,ngrjuna or a ankra4 ,! ,*9ese g5ius 0 to demon/rate itself 9 "s o!r way4 ,:5 !y began inw>dly to assimilate ,buddhism z ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t1 ! only c\rse t op5$ to _! concrete practical m9ds 0 to produce ,z54 ,:5 we come to ,z5 aft] see+ all ! wond]ful miracles display$ by ! ,indian ,mahayana writ]s1 & aft] ! highly ab/ract$ speculations ( ! ,mdhyamika ?9k]s1 :at a *ange ( sc5]y d we h "h8 ,no rays are issu+ f ! ,buddha's =ehead1 no ret9ues ( ,bodhisattvas reveal !mselves be=e y1 !re is inde$ no?+ t w\ld p>ticul>ly /rike y\r s5ses z odd or extraord9>y1 or z beyond intellig5ce1 beyond ! k5 ( logical reason+4 ,! p y associate ) are all ord9>y mortals l y\rselves1 no ab/ract ideas1 no dialectical subtleties confront y4 ,m\nta9s t[] high t[>ds ! sky1 riv]s all p\r into ! ocean4 ,plants spr\t 9 ! spr+ & fl[]s bloom 9 r$4 ,:5 ! moon %9es s]5ely1 poets gr[ mildly drunk & s+ a song ( et]nal peace4 ,h[ prosaic1 h[ ord9>y1 we may say6 b "h 0 ! ,*9ese s\l1 & ,buddhism came to gr[ 9 x4 ,:5 a monk asks :o is ! ,buddha1 ! ma/] po9ts at 8 image 9 ! ,buddha ,hall2 no explanations are giv51 no argum5ts are sugge/$4 ,:5 ! m9d is ! subject ( disc\rse1 asks a monk1 8,:at is m9d1 anyway80 8,m9d10 says ! ma/]4#b4e 8,i d n und]/&1 ,sir40 8,nei!r d ,i10 quickly comes f ! ma/]4 ,on ano!r occasion1 a monk is worri$ ov] ! "q ( immortality4 8,h[ c ,i escape ! bondage ( bir? & dea?80#b4e ,answ]s ! ma/]1 8,:]e are y80 ,! ,z5 adepts z a rule nev] wa/e "t 9 respond+ to que/ions1 nor are !y at all argum5tative4 ,_! answ]s are always curt & f9al1 :i* foll[ ! que/ions ) ! rapidity ( lightn+4 ,"s "o ask$1#b4f 8,:at is ! fundam5tal tea*+ ( ! ,buddha80 ,said ! ma/]1 8,!re is en\gh breeze 9 ?is fan to keep me cool40 ,:at a mo/ matt]-(-fact answ] ?is6 ,t inevitable =mula ( ,buddhism1 ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru?1 app>5tly has no place 9 ! s*eme ( ,z5 tea*+1 nor has t p]si/5tly enigmatic /atem5t 9 ! ,praj-,pramit1 8taccittam yaccittam acittam10 ?reat5s u "h4 ,ummon 7,yn-mn7#b4g once appe>$ 9 ! pulpit & said1 8,9 ?is s*ool ( ,z5 no words are ne$$2 :at !n is ! ultimate ess5ce ( ,z5 tea*+80 ,?us himself propos+ ! "q1 he ext5d$ bo? 8 arms1 & )\t fur!r rem>ks came d[n f ! pulpit4 ,?is 0 ! way ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/s int]pret$ ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t1 ?is 0 ! way !y exp\nd$ ! ,pratytmajanagoc>a ( ! ,lakvatra4 ,& = ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/s ?is 0 ! only way1 if ! inn] exp]i5ce ( ! ,buddha 7 to be demon/rat$1 n intellectually or analytically1 nor 9 sup]natural mann]s1 b directly 9 our practical life4 ,= life1 z f> z x is liv$ 9 concreto1 is above concepts z well z images4 ,to und]/& x we h to dive into x & to come 9 t\* ) x p]sonally2 to pick up or cut out a piece ( x = inspection murd]s x2 :5 y ?9k y h got into ! ess5ce ( x1 x is no m1 = x has ceas$ to live b lies immobile & all dri$ up4 ,= ?is reason1 ,*9ese m9ds1 ev] s9ce ! com+ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 work$ on ! problem h[ be/ to pres5t ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t 9 _! native g>m5t cut to suit _! modes ( feel+ & ?9k+1 & x 0 n until aft] ,hui-nng 7,y5o7 t !y satisfactorily solv$ ! problem & ! great task ( build+ up a s*ool to be kn[n !nce=w>d z ,z5 0 accompli%$4 ,t ,z5 0 ! ?+ ,*9ese m9ds want$ to h :5 !y ?or\ghly compreh5d$ ! tea*+ ( ,buddhism is prov$ by ! two inconte/able hi/orical facts3 fir/1 aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ,z51 x 0 ?is tea*+ t rul$ ,*9a :ile all ! o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism1 except ! ,pure ,l& sect1 fail$ to survive2 & secondly1 be=e ,buddhism 0 translat$ into ,z5 x nev] came into an intimate relation ) ! native ?\ght ( ,*9a1 by :i* ,i mean ,confucianism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u see fir/ h[ ,z5 came to rule ! spiritual life ( ,*9a4 ,! inn] s5se ( ,enlight5m5t 0 n und]/ood 9 ,*9a1 except intellectually1 9 ! e>li] days ( ,buddhism4 ,?is 0 natural1 see+ t x 0 9 ?is respect t ! ,*9ese m9d 0 excell$ by ! ,indian4 ,z ,i said be=e1 ! boldness & subtlety ( ,mahayana philosophy mu/ h fairly /unn$ ! ,*9ese1 :o _h1 be=e ! introduction ( ,buddhism1 practically no sy/em ( ?\ght wor?y ( ! "n1 except moral sci5ce4 ,9 ?is latt] !y 7 consci\s ( _! own /r5g?2 ev5 su* dev\t ,buddhi/s z ,i-*+ 7,gij7 & ,hs#8an-*uang 7,g5j7 ackn[l$g$ x1 ) all _! ard\r = ! ,yogcra psy*ology & ! ,avatamsaka metaphysics2 !y ?\ght t _! c\ntry1 z f> z moral culture 0 conc]n$1 0 ahead ( ! l& ( _! fai? or at lea/ _h no?+ to le>n f ! latt]4 ,z ! ,mahayana ,sutras & ,%a/ras 7 translat$ 9 rapid succession by able1 le>n$1 dev\t s*ol>s1 bo? native & ,indian1 ! ,*9ese m9d 0 l$ to explore a region :]e !y _h n v5tur$ v f> be=e4 ,9 ! e>ly ,*9ese biographical hi/ories ( ,buddhism1 we notice comm5tators1 exp\nd]s1 & philosoph]s f> outnumb]+ translators & adepts 9 dhyana s call$4 ,! ,buddhi/ s*ol>s 7 at fir/ q busily engag$ 9 assimilat+ intellectually ! v>i\s doctr9es prop\nd$ 9 ,mahayana lit]ature4 ,n only 7 ^! doctr9es deep & complicat$ b !y 7 also contradict+ "o ano!r1 at lea/ on ! surface4 ,if ! s*ol>s 7 to ent] into ! dep?s ( ,buddhi/ ?\ght1 !y _h to dispose ( ^! entanglem5ts someh[4 ,b if !y 7 suffici5tly critical1 !y c\ld d t ) comp>ative ease1 :i* 0 h[ev] some?+ we c\ld nev] expect ( ^? e>li] ,buddhi/s2 = ev5 9 ^! mod]n days critical ,buddhi/ s*ol>s w 9 "s qu>t]s be reg>d$ z n q dev\t & or?odox4 ,!y all _h n a %ad[ ( d\bt z to ! g5u95ess ( ! ,mahayani/ texts z fai?fully & lit]ally record+ ! v words ( ! ,buddha1 & !re=e !y _h to plan out "s sy/ems ( reconciliation betwe5 div]se doctr9es taught 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,?is meant to f9d out :at 0 ! prim>y object ( ! ,buddha's appe>ance 9 ! _w ignorant1 corrupt$1 & giv5 up to ! k>ma ( et]nal transmigration4 ,su* ef=ts on ! "p ( ,buddhi/ philosoph]s develop$ :at is to be di/9ctly designat$ z ,*9ese ,buddhism4 ,:ile ?is intellectual assimilation 0 go+ on on ! "o h&1 ! practical side ( ,buddhism 0 also assidu\sly /udi$4 ,"s 7 foll[]s ( ! ,v9aya texts1 & o!rs devot$ !mselves to ! ma/]y ( dhyana4 ,b :at 0 "h kn[n z dhyana 0 n ! dhyana ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 x 0 a m$itation1 conc5trat+ "o's ?\ght on "s ideas su* z imp]man5ce1 egolessness ( ?+s1 *a9 ( causation1 or ! attributes ( ! ,buddha1 ,ev5 ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 ! f\nd] ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 0 reg>d$ by hi/orians z belong+ to ?is class ( dhyana-adepts1 8 peculi> m]its z tea*] ( an entirely novel s*ool ( ,buddhism 7 n fully appreciat$4 ,?is 0 inevitable1 ! p ( ,*9a 7 n yet q ready to accept ! new =m2 = !y _h only inadequately grasp$ ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t 9 all its be>+s4 ,! importance ( ,enlight5m5t 9 its practical aspects1 h[ev]1 0 n altoge!r ov]look$ 9 ! maze ( doctr9al intricacies4 ,*i-i 7,*igi1 #ebb-eig71 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,t#8i5 ,tai s*ool & ! greate/ ,buddhi/ philosoph] 9 ,*9a1 0 fully awake to ! significance ( dhyana z ! means ( atta9+ ,enlight5m5t4 ,) all 8 analytical p[]s1 8 speculation _h room en\gh = ! practice ( dhyana4 ,8 "w on 8,tranquillisation & ,contemplation0 is explicit on ?is po9t4 ,8 idea 0 to c>ry out intellectual & spiritual ex]cises 9 p]fect h>mony1 & n p>tially to emphasise ei!r "o ( ! two1 ,samdhi or ,praj1 at ! exp5se ( ! o!r4 ,un=tunately1 8 foll[]s grew m & m "o-sid$ until !y neglect$ ! dhyana practice = ! sake ( intellection4 ,h5ce _! antagoni/ic attitude lat] t[>ds advocates ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 = :i* h[ev] ! latt] 7 to a c]ta9 ext5t to be responsible1 too4 ,x 0 due to ,bodhi-,dh>ma 7di$ #ebh7;f#dg t ,z5 came to be ! ,buddhism ( ,*9a4 ,x 0 he t />t$ ?is movem5t :i* prov$ s fruitful among a p giv5 up to ! practical affairs ( life4 ,:5 he decl>$ 8 message1 x 0 /ill t+$ ) ,indian col\rs1 he c\ld n be entirely indep5d5t ( ! traditional ,buddhi/ metaphysics ( ! times4 ,8 allusion to ! ,vajrasamdhi & ! ,lakvatra 0 natural1 b ! se$s ( ,z5 7 s[n by 8 h&s4 ,x n[ rema9$ ) 8 native disciples to see to x t ^! se$s grew up 9 h>mony ) ! soil & climate4 ,x took ab\t two hundr$ ye>s = ! ,z5 se$s to be> fruit1 ri* & vigor\s 9 life1 & fully naturalis$ :ile reta9+ intact ! ess5ce ( :at makes up ,buddhism4 ,hui-nng 7#fcg-gac7 :o 0 ! six? patri>* aft] ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 0 ! real ,*9ese f\nd] ( ,z52 = x 0 ?r\gh him & 8 direct foll[]s t ,z5 c\ld ca/ (f ! g>m5t borr[$ f ,india & began to put on "o cut & sewn by ! native h&s4 ,! _s ( ,z5 0 ( c\rse ! same z ! "o t came to ,*9a transmitt$ )\t int]ruption f ! ,buddha1 b ! =m ( expression 0 ?or\ghly ,*9ese1 = x 0 _! own creation4 ,! rise ( ,z5 aft] ?is1 0 ph5om5al4 ,! lat5t en]gy t _h be5 /or$ up dur+ ! "t ( naturalisation sudd5ly broke out 9 active "w1 & ,z5 _h almo/ a triumphal m>* ?r\gh ! :ole l& ( ,ca?ay4 ,dur+ ! ,t#8ang dyna/y 7#fah-ijf7 :5 ,*9ese culture rea*$ its consummation1 great ,z5 ma/]s succe$$ "o aft] ano!r 9 build+ up mona/]ies & educat+ monks z well z lay-disciples :o 7 le>n$ n only 9 ! ,confucian classics b 9 ! ,mahayana lore ( ,buddhism4 ,! emp]ors too 7 n beh9d !m 9 pay+ respects to ^! ,z5 se]s1 :o 7 invit$ to come to ! c\rt 9 ord] to give s]mons to ^! augu/ p]sonages4 ,:5 = political reasons ,buddhism 0 p]secut$1 :i* caus$ ! loss ( _m valuable docum5ts1 works ( art1 & ! decl9e ( "s s*ools1 ,z5 0 always ! fir/ to recov] itself & to r5ew its activities ) r$\bl$ en]gy & en?usiasm4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,five ,dyna/ies1 9 ! fir/ half ( ! t5? c5tury1 :5 ,*9a 0 torn up into m9or k+doms aga91 & g5]al political situations seem$ to be unfav\rable to ! ?riv+ ( religi\s s5tim5ts1 ,z5 prosp]$ z be=e & ! ma/]s kept up _! mona/ic c5t]s undi/urb$4 ,) ! rise ( ! ,sung dyna/y 7#ifj-abgi7 ,z5 rea*$ ! height ( its developm5t & influ5ce1 :ile ! o!r sects ( ,buddhism %[$ signs ( rapid decl9e4 ,:5 hi/ory op5s on ! pages ( ! ,yan 7#abhj-acfg7 & ! ,m+ 7#acfh-affa7 dyna/y1 ,buddhism is f\nd id5tifi$ ) ,z54 ,! ,kegon 7,avatasaka71 ,t5dai 7,t#8i5-tai71 ,sanron 7,san-lun71 ,ku%a 7,abhidh>ma-koa71 ,hosso 7,yogcra7 & ,%+on 7,mantra71 if !y 7 n completely wip$ out ?r\gh p]secution1 suff]$ trem5d\sly f ! lack ( fre% blood4 ,p]haps !y 7 to die out anyway on acc\nt ( _! n hav+ be5 completely assimilat$ by ,*9ese ?\ght & feel+2 !re 0 too mu* ( an ,indian elem5t :i* prev5t$ !m f be+ fully acclimatis$4 ,9 any ev5t ,z5 z ! ess5ce ( ! ,buddha's m9d cont9u$ to fl\ri% s t any ,*9ese m9ds at all incl9$ t[>ds ,buddhism came to /udy ,z5 & neglect$ ! re/ ( ! ,buddhi/ s*ools /ill 9 exi/5ce ?\gh at ! la/ /age ( _! productive activity4 ,! only =m ( ,buddhism t reta9s its vitality to a c]ta9 ext5t ev5 to ?is day1 is ,z51 m or less modifi$ to accommodate ! ,pure ,l& t5d5cy1 t _h be5 gr[+ soon aft] ! introduction ( ,buddhism into ,*9a4 ,!re 0 reason = ?is /ate ( ?+s 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,*9a1 & x 0 ?is t ,z5 disp5s$ ) ! images & concepts & modes ( ?9k+ t 7 import$ f ,india along ) ,buddhi/ ?\ght2 & out ( its own consci\sness ,z5 creat$ an orig9al lit]ature be/ adapt$ to ! exposition ( ! tru? ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,?is lit]ature 0 unique 9 _m s5ses1 b x 0 9 p]fect accordance ) ! ,*9ese m5tal modus op]&i & naturally p[]fully mov$ !m to ! core4 ,bodhi-,dh>ma taught 8 disciples to look directly into ! ess5ce ( ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha disc>d+ ! outw>d mann]s ( pres5tation1 he told !m n to foll[ ! conceptual & analytical int]pretation ( ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,lit]>y adh]5ts ( ! ,sutras object$ to ?is & did all !y c\ld to prev5t ! gr[? ( ! tea*+ ( ,dh>ma4 ,b x grew on 9 spite ( oppositions4 ,! disciples ma/]$ ! art ( grasp+ ! c5tral fact ( ,buddhism4 ,:5 ?is 0 accompli%$1 !y proce$$ to demon/rate x accord+ to _! own me?ods1 us+ _! own t]m9ology1 reg>dless ( ! traditional or r import$ way ( expression4 ,!y did n entirely ab&on ! old mann] ( speak+2 = !y ref] to ,buddha1 ,ta?agata1 ,nirvana1 ,bodhi1 ,trikya1 ,k>ma1 transmigration1 emancipation1 & _m o!r ideas mak+ up ! body ( ,buddhism2 b !y make no m5tion ( ! ,twelvefold ,*a9 ( ,orig9ation1 ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru?1 or ! ,eightfold ,righte\s ,pa?4 ,:5 we read ,z5 lit]ature )\t be+ told ( its relation to ,buddhism1 we may almo/ fail to recognise 9 x su* ?+s z are g5]ally reg>d$ z specifically ,buddhi/4 ,:5 ,yakusan 7,yeh-%an1 #gea-hcd7 saw a monk1 he ask$1#b4h 8,:]e d y come f80 8,i come f s\? ( ! ,lake40 8,is ! ,lake ov]-fl[+ ) wat]80 8,no1 sir1 x is n yet ov]fl[+40 8,/range10 said ! ma/]1 8aft] s mu* ra9 :y does x n ov]fl[80 ,to ?is la/ qu]y1 ! monk fail$ to give a satisfactory answ]1 :]eupon ,ungan 7,yn-y571 "o ( ,yakusan's disciples1 said1 8,ov]fl[+1 inde$60 :ile ,dosan 7,tung-%an71 ano!r ( 8 disciples1 exclaim$1 8,9 :at kalpa did x ev] fail to ov]fl[80 ,9 ^! dialogues d we detect any trace ( ,buddhism8 ,d !y n look z if !y 7 talk+ ab\t an affair ( mo/ ord9>y occurr5ce8 ,b1 accord+ to ! ma/]s1 _! talks are brimful ( ,z51 & ,z5 lit]ature is inde$ ab\nd 9 su* app>5t trivialities4 ,9 fact1 z f> z its phraseology & mann] ( demon/ration are conc]n$1 ,z5 looks z if x _h no?+ to d ) ,buddhism1 & "s critics are almo/ ju/ifi$ 9 designat+ ,z5 z a ,*9ese anomaly ( ,buddhism z 0 ref]r$ to at ! beg9n+ ( ?is ,essay4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,*9ese lit]ature1 ,z5 writ+s kn[n z ,y-lu 7,goroku7 =m a class by !mselves1 & x is due to !m t ! ,*9ese colloquialism ( ! ,t#8ang & ! e>ly ,sung dyna/y has be5 pres]v$4 ,m5 ( lett]s 9 ,*9a despis$ to write except 9 classical /yle1 delib]ately *oos+ su* words1 phrases1 & expressions z enhanc$ ! grace ( ! composition4 ,all ! lit]ature we h ( ^? e>ly days ( ,*9ese culture !re=e is ! model ( su* a cultivat$ /yle4 ,! ,z5 ma/]s 7 n necess>ily despis]s ( classicism1 !y took to f9e lit]ature z mu* z _! contempor>ies1 !y 7 well-educat$ & le>n$ too2 b !y f\nd colloquialism a bett] & m p[]ful m$ium = ! utt]ance ( _! inn] exp]i5ces4 ,?is is g5]ally ! case ) spiritual re=m]s1 :o want to express !mselves ?r\gh ! m$ium mo/ intimate to _! feel+s & be/ suit$ = _! orig9al ways ( view+ ?+s4 ,!y avoid :]ev] possible su* nom5clature z has be5 9 use & fill$ ) old associations :i* are apt to lack 9 liv+ purposes & !re=e 9 vivify+ effects4 ,liv+ exp]i5ces ought to be told 9 a liv+ language & n 9 worn-out images & concepts4 ,! ,z5 ma/]s !re=e did :at !y c\ld n help do+ & made free use ( ! liv+ words & phrases ( ! day4 ,does ?is n prove t 9 ,*9a ,buddhism ?r\gh ,z5 ceas$ to be a =eign importation & 0 trans=m$ into an orig9al creation ( ! native m9d8 ,& j because ,z5 c\ld turn itself into a native product1 x surviv$ all ! o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism4 ,9 o!r words1 ,z5 0 ! only =m 9 :i* ! ,*9ese m9d c\ld accommodate1 appreciate1 & assimilate ! ,buddhi/ doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i hope ,i h %[n h[ ,buddhism1 t is1 ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t _h to be trans=m$ into ,z5 9 ,*9a1 & ?r\gh ?is trans=mation ,z5 surviv$ ! o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism4 ,let u n[ take up ! second po9t1 z ref]r$ to be=e1 9 :i* we w see h[ ,z5 came to create ! ,sung philosophy4 ,:5 ,i say t ,buddhism did n really affect ,*9ese ?\ght until x 0 conv]t$ into ,z5 ?r\gh :i* ! creative g5ius ( ,*9a began to =mulate its philosophy along a mu* deep] & m ideali/ic l9e ( ?\ght ?an t ( ! ,ante-,*#89 p]iod1 !re w be _m :o w object to ?is view4 ,x is true t ,buddhism began to make its influ5ce felt among ,*9ese ?9k]s ev5 dur+ ! ,latt] ,han dyna/y z we see1 = in/ance1 9 ,m\-tz's 8,essay on ,reason & ,error0 writt5 betwe5 #aij-bbj ,a4,d4 ,aft] ?is !re 7 _m writ]s :o discuss$ ! ,buddhi/ doctr9es ( ,k>ma & ,causation & ,immortality2 = ^! 7 "s ( ! ideas introduc$ f ,india ?r\gh ,buddhism4 ,x 0 ) ! ,taoi/s1 h[ev]1 ! ,buddhi/s _h mu* heat$ controv]sy f ! six? c5tury on4 ,! way ,buddhism ex]t$ its influ5ce ov] ,taoism 0 n only 9 ! =m ( controv]sy b 9 actually m\ld+ _! ?\ght & lit]ature4 ,!re 7 s _m po9ts ( contact betwe5 ,taoism & ,buddhism3 & naturally ! fir/ object aga9/ :i* ,buddhism work$1 z x grew 9 importance & p[] n only z a religi\s sy/em b z philosophy & ! possessor ( an inexhau/ible weal? ( k1 0 ,taoism2 :ile x 0 admitt$ t ,buddhism 9 its turn borr[$ _m ?+s f ,taoism 9 ord] to make itself m easily acceptable to ! native m9ds4 ,on ! :ole1 ,taoism owes m to ,buddhism z f> z its organisation1 rituals1 lit]ature & philosophy are conc]n$4 ,taoism sy/ematis$ aft] ! ,buddhi/ model all ! popul> sup]/itions native to ,*9a & built up a religi\s m$ley 9 :i* ! ,indian elem5ts are f\nd m or less incongru\sly bl5d$ ) ,laotzuanism & ! popul> desire = immortality1 worldly welf>e1 & :at !y call 8purity40 ,b ,taoism z x is believ$ popul>ly is s full ( sup]/itions t x is n 9 vital contact ) ! ma9 curr5t ( or?odox ,*9ese ?\ght :i* is repres5t$1 ma9ta9$1 & *]i%$ by ! lit]ati includ+ ! gov]nm5t (ficials4 ,to a great] ext5t ,taoism is ! popul> & sup]/iti\s ,*9ese r5d]+ ( ,buddhism1 b !re w be _m critics1 ! pres5t writ] = "o1 :o r hesitate to consid] ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism suffici5tly transcrib$ 9 t]ms ( ! ,taoi/s4 ,unless ! ,confucians 7 n mov$ to assimilate ,buddhi/ ?\ght 9 _! sy/em1 s naturally t !y attempt$ to recon/ruct ! :ole frame ( ,confucian ideas1 n m]ely = ! sake ( reconciliation1 b = ! sake ( deep5+1 enri*+1 & resuscitat+ x1 we _c say t ,buddhism ent]$ into ! life ( ,*9ese ?\ght & became ! real possession ( ! ,*9ese m9d4 ,b ?is 0 done dur+ ! ,sung dyna/y :5 ! ,confucian philosoph]s took 9 ,buddhi/ ideas into _! tea*+ & recon/ruct$ ! :ole sy/em on a new basis1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 consid]$ by !m to be ! necess>y c\rse ( gr[? = ,confucianism4 ,:atev] ?is 01 !re is no d\bt t ! ,sung philosophy 0 enri*$ & deep5$ by absorb+ ,buddhi/ views4 ,9 ?is1 all ! hi/orians ( ,*9ese intellectual developm5t agree4 ,!re is a "q1 h[ev]1 "o may ask conc]n+ ?is g5]al recon/ruction ( ,confucianism on ! ideali/ic ,buddhi/ s*eme4 ,if ,z5 did n gr[ up 9 ,*9a z ! native int]pretation ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t & prep>$ ! way = ! rise ( su* great ,confucian writ]s z ,*\ ,tun-,i 7#ajag-ajgc71b4i ! ,*#8eng bro!rs1 ,*#8eng ,hao 7#ajcb-ajhe7 & ,*#8eng ,i 7#ajce-aajg71 & ,*u ,hsi 7#aacj-abjj71 w\ld !re h be5 a ,sung revival ( ! or?odox ,*9ese tea*+8 ,to my view1 )\t ,z5 ! ,sung dyna/y w\ld n h se5 ! ph5om5al upris+ ( :at ! ,*9ese hi/orians call ! 8,sci5ce ( ,reason40 ,z we already said1 ,z5 0 ! only =m 9 :i* ,buddhism c\ld ent] into ! ,*9ese m9d4 ,?is be+ ! case1 :atev] !y lat] produc$ 9 ! realm ( ?\ght1 c\ld n b be t+$ ) ,z54 ,see h[ ! psy*ological s*ool ( ,yogcra 0 receiv$ by ! native ?9k]s4 ,x 0 fir/ advocat$1 prop\nd$1 & comm5t$ by ,hsan-*uang & 8 great disciples1 b ?is pr(\nd /udy ( ! human m9d 0 too analytical ev5 = ! be/ m9ds ( ,*9a1 & did n ?rive v long aft] ,hsan-*uang4 ,!n h[ did ! ,praj-,pramit philosophy f>e8 ,x 0 br\ght into ,*9a 9 ! fir/ c5tury soon aft] ! introduction ( ,buddhism itself & lat] mo/ ably support$ & int]pret$ by ,kumrajva & 8 ,*9ese pupils4 ,x _h a bett] prospect ?an ! ,yogcra1 because its ,*9ese c\nt]p>t 0 f\nd 9 ! tea*+ ( ,lao-tz & 8 foll[]s4 ,^? two gr\ps ( philosoph]s1 ,buddhi/ & ,laotzan1 may be class$ z belong+ to ! same type ( ?\ght2 b ev5 9 ?is case ! ,*9ese did n %[ any great disposition to embrace ?is nyat sy/em4 ,:y 0 ?is8 ,! reason 0 obvi\s1 see+ t 9 spite ( a c]ta9 agreem5t betwe5 ! two s*ools on a v broad basis1 ! nyat mode ( ?9k+ 0 altoge!r too metaphysical1 too high-fl[n1 or1 f ! ,*9ese po9t ( view1 too mu* 9 nubibus1 & ! practical t5d5cy ( ! native m9ds naturally fail$ to gr[ on x2 ev5 9 ! disciples ( ,lao-tz & ,*wang-tz !re 0 ! ta9t or virtue ( utilit>ianism :i* is deeply +ra9$ 9 all ! ,*9ese modes ( feel+4 ,besides ! ,mdhyamika s*ool ( ,ngrjuna & ! ,yogcra s*ool ( ,asanga bo? ( :i* develop$ 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,buddha itself1 !re 7 ,*ih-,i's ,t5dai philosophy & ,hsi5-%\'s 7#fdc-gab7 ,avatasaka sy/em ( ,buddhism4 ,^! latt] 7 9 a s5se ! creations ( ! native ,buddhi/ ?9k]s1 & if !y 7 at all assimilable by _! compatriots1 !y w\ld n h be5 neglect$1 & _! /udy1 in/ead ( be+ conf9$ )9 a n>r[ circle ( ,buddhi/ speciali/s1 w\ld h ov]fl[$ into ! ,confucian z well z ! ,taoi/ b\nd>ies4 ,t !y did n d s proves ! fact t !y 7 /ill =eign & a k9d ( translation1 n lit]>y inde$1 b m or less conceptional4 ,!re=e1 !re 0 no o!r way left = ,buddhism b to be trans=m$ into ,z5 be=e x c\ld be ?or\ghly acclimatis$ & gr[ z a native plant4 ,:5 ?is 0 a*iev$ because x 0 9 ! inh]5t nature ( ,buddhism t ?is a*ievem5t 0 to take place1 ,z5 became ! fle% & bones ( ,*9ese ?\ght & inspir$ ! ,confucians ( ! ,sung dyna/y to recon/ruct ! f\ndation ( _! philosophy on ! ideali/ic plans ( ,buddhism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we may conclude n[ t ,z51 9 spite ( ! unc\?ness & extraord9>9ess ( its outw>d features1 belongs to ! g5]al sy/em ( ,buddhism4 ,& by ,buddhism we mean n only ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha himself z record$ 9 ! e>lie/ gamas1 b ! lat] speculations1 philosophical & religi\s1 conc]n+ ! p]son & life ( ! ,buddha4 ,8 p]sonal greatness 0 su* z occasionally made 8 disciples advance !ories some:at contr>y to ! advice suppos$ to h be5 giv5 by _! ,ma/]4 ,?is 0 inevitable4 ,! _w ) all its cont5ts1 individually z well z z a :ole1 is subject to our subjective int]pretation1 n a caprici\s int]pretation inde$1 b gr[+ out ( our inn] necessity1 our religi\s ye>n+s4 ,ev5 ! ,buddha z an object ( "o's religi\s exp]i5ce c\ld n escape ?is1 8 p]sonality 0 s con/itut$ z to awak5 9 u e feel+ & ?\ght t goes "u ! "n ( ,buddhism n[4 ,! mo/ significant & fruitful ideas t 7 provok$ by him 7 conc]n$ ) 8 ,enlight5m5t & ,nirvana4 ,^! two facts /ood out mo/ prom95tly 9 8 long peaceful life ( sev5ty-n9e ye>s1 & all ! !ories & beliefs t are b\nd up ) ! ,buddha are attempts to und]/& ^! facts 9 t]ms ( our own religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,?us ,buddhism has gr[n to h a mu* wid] mean+ ?an is und]/ood by mo/ s*ol>s4 ,! ,buddha's ,enlight5m5t & ,nirvana 7 two sep>ate ideas 9 8 life z x unfold$ 9 hi/ory s _m c5turies ago1 b f ! religi\s po9t ( view !y are to be reg>d$ z "o idea4 ,t is to say1 to und]/& ! cont5t & ! value ( ,enlight5m5t is ! same z realis+ ! signification ( ,nirvana4 ,tak+ a /& on ?is1 ! ,mahayani/s develop$ two curr5ts ( ?\ght3 ! "o 0 to rely on our intellectual ef=ts to ! fur!/ ext5t !y c\ld rea*1 & ! o!r1 pursu+ ! practical me?od adopt$ by ! ,buddha himself1 inde$ by all ,indian tru?-seek]s1 endeav\r$ to f9d 9 ! practice ( dhyana some?+ directly lead+ to ,enlight5m5t4 ,x goes )\t say+ t 9 bo? ( ^! ef=ts ! orig9al impulse lies 9 ! inmo/ religi\s consci\sness ( pi\s ,buddhi/s4 ,! ,mahayana texts compil$ dur+ a few c5turies aft] ! ,buddha te/ify to ! view "h pres5t$4 ,( ^!1 ! "o expressly compos$ to propagate ! tea*+ ( ! ,z5 s*ool is ! ,lakvatra1 9 :i* ! cont5t ( ,enlight5m5t is1 z f> z words admit1 pres5t$ f a psy*ological1 philosophical1 & a practical po9t ( view4 ,:5 ?is 0 introduc$ into ,*9a & ?or\ghly assimilat$ accord+ to ! ,*9ese me?ods ( ?9k+ & feel+1 ! ma9 !sis ( ! ,sutra came to be demon/rat$ 9 su* a way z is n[ consid]$ *>act]i/ically ,z54 ,! tru? has _m av5ues ( approa* ?r\gh :i* x makes itself kn[n to ! human m9d4 ,b ! *oice x makes dep5ds on c]ta9 limitations "u :i* x works4 ,! sup]abundance ( ,indian imag9ation issu$ 9 sup]naturalism & wond]ful symbolism1 & ! ,*9ese s5se ( practicalness & its love = ! solid ev]yday facts ( life result$ 9 ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,we may n[ be able to und]/&1 ?\gh only t5tatively by mo/ read]s at pres5t1 ! foll[+ def9itions ( ,z5 (f]$ by its ma/]s3 ,:5 ,j%u 0 ask$ :at ,z5 01 he answ]$1 8,x is cl\dy to-day & ,i won't answ]40#b4aj ,to ! same "q1 ,ummon's reply 03 8,t's x40 ,on ano!r occasion ! ma/] 0 n at all affirmative1 = he said1 8,n a ^w to be pr$icat$40#b4aa ,^! be+ "s ( ! def9itions giv5 to ,z5 by ! ma/]s1 9 :at relation%ip did !y conceive ( ,z5 z /&+ to ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t taught 9 ! ,sutras8 ,did !y conceive x aft] ! mann] ( ! ,lakvatra or aft] t ( ! ,praj-pramit8 ,no1 ,z5 _h to h its own way1 ! ,*9ese m9d refus$ bl9dly to foll[ ! ,indian models4 ,if ?is is /ill to be conte/$1 read ! foll[+3 ,a monk ask$ ,kan 7,*i571 :o liv$ 9 ,h>yo 7,pa-l+71 8,is !re any diff]5ce betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ! ,patri>* & t ( ! ,sutras1 or n80 ,said ! ma/]1 8,:5 ! cold wea!r comes1 ! f[l flies up 9 ! trees :ile ! wild duck goes d[n into wat]40 ,h-y5 7,fa-y57 ( ,gosozan 7,wu-tsu-%an7 comm5t$ on ?is1 say+1 8,! great tea*] ( ,pa-l+ has express$ only a half ( ! tru?4 ,i w\ld n h x s4 ,m9e is3 ,:5 wat] is scoop$ 9 h&s1 ! moon is reflect$ 9 !m2 :5 ! fl[]s are h&l$1 ! sc5t soaks into ! robe40#b4ab ,,enlight5m5t ,,& ,,ignorance ,,enlight5m5t ,,& ,,ignorance ,i ,/range ?\gh x may seem1 ! fact is t ,buddhi/ s*ol>s are engross$ too mu* 9 ! /udy ( :at !y reg>d z ! ,buddha's tea*+ & 8 disciples' exposition ( ! ,dh>ma1 s call$1 :ile !y neglect altoge!r ! /udy ( ! ,buddha's spiritual exp]i5ce itself4 ,accord+ to my view1 h[ev]1 ! fir/ ?+ we h to d 9 ! elucidation ( ,buddhi/ ?\ght is to inquire into ! nature ( ?is p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! ,buddha1 :i* is record$ to h pres5t$ itself to 8 inmo/ consci\sness at ! "t ( ,enlight5m5t 7sambodhi74 ,:at ! ,buddha taught 8 disciples 0 ! consci\s outcome ( 8 intellectual elaboration to make !m see & realise :at he himself _h se5 & realis$4 ,?is intellectual outcome1 h[ev] philosophically pres5t$1 does n necess>ily ent] into ! inn] ess5ce ( ,enlight5m5t exp]i5c$ by ! ,buddha4 ,:5 we want1 !re=e1 to grasp ! _s ( ,buddhism1 :i* ess5tially develops f ! cont5t ( ,enlight5m5t1 we h to get acqua9t$ ) ! signification ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! f\nd]1--exp]i5ce by virtue ( :i* he is inde$ ! ,buddha & ! f\nd] ( ! religi\s sy/em :i* goes "u 8 "n4 ,let u see :at record we h ( ?is exp]i5ce1 & :at 7 its antec$5ts & consequ5ces4f#dh ,!re is a ,sutra 9 ! ,dgha-,nikya kn[n z ! ,mahpadna ,suttanta1 9 :i* ! ,buddha is repres5t$ z enlight5+ 8 disciples conc]n+ ! six ,buddhas ant]ior to him4 ,! facts relat+ to _! lives z ,bodhisattvas & ,buddhas are almo/ id5tical 9 ea* case except "s incid5tal details2 = ! ,buddhas are all suppos$ to h _h "o & ! same c>e]4 ,:5 !re=e ,gautama1 ! ,buddha ( ! pres5t ,kalpa1 talks ab\t 8 pr$ecessors 9 ?is wise1 includ+ ! /ory ( ,enlight5m5t1 he is simply recapitulat+ 8 own e>?ly life1 & ev]y?+ he /ates "h z hav+ occurr$ to 8 pr$ecessors1 except su* matt]s z p>5tage1 social rank1 bir?place1 l5g? ( life1 etc41 mu/ be reg>d$ z also hav+ happ5$ to himself4 ,?is is especially true ) 8 spiritual exp]i5ce kn[n z ,enlight5m5t4f#di ,:5 ! ,bodhisattva1 z ! ,buddha is s designat$ prior to 8 atta9m5t ( ,buddhahood1 0 m$itat+ 9 seclusion1 ! foll[+ consid]ation came ^u him3 8,v]ily ?is _w has fall5 ^u tr\ble 7kic*a71 "o is born1 & gr[s old1 & dies1 & falls f "o /ate1 & spr+s up 9 ano!r4 ,& f ?is suff]+1 moreov]1 no "o kn[s ( any way ( escape1 ev5 f decay & dea?4 ,o :5 %all a way ( escape f ?is suff]+ be made kn[n1 f decay & dea?80 ,?us ?9k+1 ! ,bodhisattva reason$ out t decay & dea? arose f bir?1 bir? f becom+1 becom+ f grasp+1 grasp+ f crav+1 until he came to ! mutual condition+ ( "n-&-=m 7nam>pa7 & cognition 7vina74f#ej ,!n he reason$ back & =? f ! com+-to-be ( ?is entire body ( evil to its f9al ceas+-to-be1--& at ?is ?\ght !re arose to ! ,bodhisattva an insight 7cakkhu7f#ea into ?+s n he>d ( be=e1 & k arose1 & reason arose1 wisdom arose1 light arose4 7,bodhisattassa pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu udapdi1 a udapdi1 pa udapdi1 vijj udapdi1 loka udapdi470 ,he !n exclaim$3 8,i h p5etrat$ ?is ,dh>ma1 deep1 h>d to p]ceive1 h>d to und]/&1 calm1 sublime1 no m]e dialectic1 subtle1 intelligible only to ! wise4 7,dhammo gambhro duddaso duranubodho santo panito atakkvac>o nipuo p&ito v$anyo47 ,b ?is is a race devot+ itself to ! ?+s to :i* x cl+s1 devot$ !reto1 delight+ !re94 ,& = a race devot+ itself to ! ?+s to :i* x cl+s1 devot$ !reto1 delight+ !re91 ?is 7 a matt] h>d to p]ceive1 to wit1 t ?is is condition$ by t1 & all t happ5s is by way ( cause4 ,?is too 7 a matt] h>d to disc]n3--! tranquillisation ( all ! activities ( life1 ! r5unciation ( all sub/rata ( rebir?1 ! de/ruction ( crav+1 ! dea? ( passion1 quietude ( he>t1 ,nirvana40 ,! ,buddha !n utt]$ ! foll[+ v]se 9 :i* he express$ 8 reluctance to prea* ! ,dh>ma to ! _w at l>ge--! ,dh>ma :i* 0 realis$ 9 him by a1--:i* he saw visibly1 face to face1 )\t any traditional in/ruction3 8,?is t ?r\gh _m toils ,i've won-- ,en\gh6 :y %\ld ,i make x kn[n8 ,by folk ) lu/ & hate consum$ ,n ?is ! ,tru?f#eb t c be grasp$6 ,aga9/ ! /ream ( common ?\ght4 ,deep1 subtle1 difficult1 delicate4 ,unse5 'twill be by passion's slaves ,cloak$ 9 ! murk ( ,ignorance40f#ec ,accord+ to ?is report transmitt$ by ! compil]s ( ! ,nikayas1 :i* is also confirm$ by ! o!r lit]ature we h ( ! ,buddha's ,enlight5m5t1 :at fla%$ ?r\gh 8 m9d mu/ h be5 an exp]i5ce mo/ unusual & n tak+ place 9 our ev]yday consci\sness1 ev5 9 ! consci\sness ( a wise1 le>n$1 & ?\ghtful man4 ,?us1 he naturally wi%$ to pass away into ,nirvana )\t attempt+ to propagate ! ,dh>ma1 b ?is idea 0 ab&on$ :5 ,great ,brahma spoke to ! ,buddha 9 v]se ?us3 8,z on a crag1 on cre/ ( m\nta9 /&+1 ,a man might wat* ! p f> bel[1 ,e'en s d ?\1 ,o ,widsom fair1 asc5d+1 ,o ,se] ( all1 ! t]rac$ heights ( ,tru?1 ,look d[n1 f grief releas$1 ^u ! nations ,sunk5 9 grief1 oppress$ ) bir? & age4 ,arise1 ?\ ,h]o6 ,conqu]or 9 ! battle6 ,?\ fre$ f debt6 ,"l ( ! pilgrim b&6 ,walk ! _w o'er1 & sublime & bless$ ,tea*]6 ,tea* u ! ,tru?2 !re are :o'll und]/&40 ,!re is no d\bt t x 0 ?is spiritual exp]i5ce t conv]t$ ! ,bodhisattva into ! ,buddha1 ! ,p]fectly ,wise1 ! ,bhagavat1 ! ,arhat1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,dh>ma1 ! ,ta?agata1 ! ,all-kn[+ ,"o1 & ! ,conqu]or4 ,9 ?is1 all ! records we h1 ,h9ayana & ,mahayana1 agree4 ,"h !n arises ! mo/ significant "q 9 ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism4 ,:at 0 x 9 ?is exp]i5ce t made ! ,buddha conqu] ,ignorance 7avijj1 avidy7 & fre$ him f ! ,defilem5ts 7sava1 rava78 ,:at 0 ! insight or vision he _h into ?+s1 :i* _h nev] be=e be5 pres5t$ to 8 m9d8 ,0 x 8 doctr9e ( univ]sal suff]+ due to ,?ir/ 7tah1 ti%7 & ,grasp+ 7updna78 ,0 x 8 causation !ory by :i* he trac$ ! s\rce ( pa9 & suff]+ to ,ignorance8 ,x is q evid5t t 8 intellectual activity 0 n ! effici5t cause ( ,enlight5m5t4 8,n to be grasp$ by m]e logic0 7atakkvac>a7 is ! phrase we con/antly enc\nt] 9 ,buddhi/ lit]ature1 ,pali & ,sanskrit4 ,! satisfaction ! ,buddha exp]i5c$ 9 ?is case 0 altoge!r too deep1 too p5etrat+1 & too f>-rea*+ 9 result to be a matt] ( m]e logic4 ,! intellectual solution ( a problem is satisfy+ en\gh z f> z ! blockage has be5 remov$1 b x is n suffici5tly fundam5tal to ent] into ! dep?s ( our s\l-life4 ,all s*ol>s are n sa9ts & all sa9ts are by no means s*ol>ly4 ,! ,buddha's intellectual survey ( ! ,law ( ,orig9ation 7paicca-samuppda71 h[ev] p]fect & ?or\ghgo+1 c\ld n make him s completely sure ( 8 conque/ ov] ,ignorance1 ,pa91 ,bir?1 & ,defilem5ts4 ,trac+ ?+s to _! orig9 or subject+ !m to a s*eme ( concat5ation is "o ?+1 b to subdue !m1 to br+ !m to subjection 9 ! actuality ( life1 is q ano!r ?+4 ,9 ! "o1 ! intellect alone is active1 b 9 ! o!r !re is ! op]ation ( ! w1--& ! w is ! man4 ,! ,buddha 0 n ! m]e discov]] ( ! ,twelvefold ,*a9 ( ,causation1 he took hold ( ! *a9 itself 9 8 h&s & broke x into pieces s t x w\ld nev] aga9 b9d him to slav]y4 ,8 insight rea*$ ! bottom ( 8 be+ & saw x really z x 01 & ! see+ 0 l ! see+ ( y\r own h& ) y\r own eyes--!re 0 no reflection1 no inf]5ce1 no judgm5t1 no comp>ison1 no mov+ ei!r backw>d or =w>d /ep by /ep1 ! ?+ 0 se5 & t 0 ! end ( x1 !re 0 no?+ to talk ab\t1 no?+ to argue1 or to expla94 ,! see+ 0 some?+ complete 9 itself--x did n lead on to any?+ inside or outside1 )9 or beyond4 ,& x 0 ?is complet5ess1 ?is f9ality t 0 s entirely satisfy+ to ! ,buddha1 :o n[ knew t ! *a9 0 f\nd brok5 & t he 0 a lib]at$ man4 ,! ,buddha's exp]i5ce ( ,enlight5m5t !re=e c\ld n be und]/ood by ref]r+ x to ! intellect :i* tantalises b fails to fulfill & satisfy4 ,! ,buddha's psy*ological exp]i5ce ( life z pa9 & suff]+ 0 int5sely real & mov$ him to ! v dep?s ( 8 be+1 & 9 consequ5ce ! emotional reaction he exp]i5c$ at ! "t ( ,enlight5m5t 0 9 proportion to ?is int5sity ( feel+4 ,all ! m evid5t !re=e x is t he c\ld n re/ satisfi$ ) an intellectual glanc+ or survey+ ( ! facts ( life4 ,9 ord] to br+ a p]fect /ate ( tranquillity ov] ! waves ( turmoil surg+ 9 8 he>t1 he _h to h rec\rse to some?+ m deeply & vitally conc]n$ ) 8 inmo/ be+4 ,= all we c say ( x1 ! intellect is aft] all a spectator1 & :5 x does "s "w x is z a hirel+ = bett] or = worse4 ,alone x _c br+ ab\t ! /ate ( m9d designat$ z enlight5m5t4 ,! feel+ ( p]fect fre$om1 ! feel+ t 8aha hi arah loke1 aha sat? anutt>o10 c\ld n issue f ! consci\sness ( an intellectual sup]iority alone4 ,!re mu/ h be5 9 ! m9d ( ! ,buddha a consci\sness f> m fundam5tal :i* c\ld only accompany "o's deepe/ spiritual exp]i5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to acc\nt = ?is spiritual exp]i5ce ! ,buddhi/ writ]s exhau/ _! k ( words relat+ to ! und]/&+1 logical or o!rwise4 8,k0 7vijj71 8und]/&+0 7pajnan71 8reason0 7a71 8wisdom0 7pa71 8p5etration0 7abhisameta71 8realisation0 7abhisambuddha71 8p]ception0 7sajnana71 & 8insight0 7dassana71f#ed are "s ( ! t]ms !y use4 ,9 tru? z long z we conf9e ourselves to intellection1 h[ev] deep1 subtle1 sublime1 & enlight5+1 we fail to see into ! gi/ ( ! matt]4 ,?is is ! reason :y ev5 ! s-call$ primitive ,buddhi/s :o are by "s consid]$ positivi/s1 rationali/s1 & agno/ics1 7 oblig$ to assume "s faculty deal+ ) ?+s f> above relative k1 ?+s t d n appeal to our empirical ego4 ,! ,mahayana acc\nt ( ,enlight5m5t z is f\nd 9 ! ,lalita-vi/>a 7,*apt] on 8,abhisambodhana07 is m explicit z to ! k9d ( m5tal activity or wisdom :i* conv]t$ ! ,bodhisattva into ! ,buddha4 ,= x 0 ?r\gh 8ekacittek%aa-samyukta-praj0 t supreme p]fect k 0 realis$ 7abhisambodha7 by ! ,buddha4 ,:at is ?is ,praj8 ,x is ! und]/&+ ( a high] ord] ?an t :i* is habitually ex]cis$ 9 acquir+ relative k4 ,x is a faculty bo? intellectual & spiritual1 ?r\gh ! op]ation ( :i* ! s\l is enabl$ to break ! fett]s ( intellection4 ,! latt] is always duali/ic inasmu* z x is cognisant ( subject & object1 b 9 ! ,praj :i* is ex]cis$ 89 unison ) "o-?\ght-view+0 !re is no sep>ation betwe5 kn[] & kn[n1 ^! are all view$ 7ik%aa7 9 "o ?\ght 7ekacitta71 & enlight5m5t is ! outcome ( ?is4 ,by ?us specify+ ! op]ation ( ,praj1 ! ,mahayani/s h a*iev$ an advance 9 mak+ cle>] ! nature ( sambodhi3 = :5 ! m9d rev]ses its usual c\rse ( work+ & in/ead ( divid+ itself ext]nally1 goes back to its orig9al inn] abode ( on5ess1 x beg9s to realise ! /ate ( 8"o-?\ght-view+0 :]e ,ignorance ceases to s*eme & ! ,defilem5ts d n obta94 ,enlight5m5t we c ?us see is an absolute /ate ( m9d 9 :i* no 8discrim9ation0 7p>ikalpana or vikalpa71 s call$1 takes place1 & x requires a great m5tal ef=t to realise ?is /ate ( view+ all ?+s 89 "o ?\ght40 ,9 fact our logical z well z practical consci\sness is too giv5 up to analysis & ideation2 t is to say1 we cut up realities into elem5ts 9 ord] to und]/& !m2 b :5 !y are put toge!r to make ! orig9al :ole1 its elem5ts /& out too conspicu\sly def9$1 & we d n view ! :ole 89 "o ?\ght40 ,& z x is only :5 8"o ?\ght0 is rea*$ t we h enlight5m5t1 an ef=t is to be made to g beyond our relative empirical consci\sness1 :i* atta*es itself to ! multitud9osity & n to ! unity ( ?+s4 ,! mo/ important fact t lies beh9d ! exp]i5ce ( ,enlight5m5t !re=e is t ! ,buddha made ! mo/ /r5u\s attempt to solve ! problem ( ,ignorance & 8 utmo/ w-p[] 0 br\ght =? to be> ^u a successful issue ( ! /ruggle4 ,we read 9 ! ,ka?a-,upani%ad3 8,z ra9 wat] t has fall5 on a m\nta9 ridge runs d[n on all sides1 ?us does he :o sees a diff]5ce betwe5 qualities run aft] !m on all sides4 ,z pure wat] p\r$ into pure wat] rema9s ! same1 ?us1 ,o ,gautama1 is ! self ( a ?9k] :o kn[s40 ,?is p\r+ pure wat] into pure wat] is1 z we h x "h1 ! 8view+ all qualities 9 "o ?\ght0 :i* f9ally cuts (f ! hopelessly entangl+ logical me% by m]g+ all diff]5ces & lik5esses into ! absolute on5ess ( ! kn[] 7jn97 & ! kn[n 7jeya74 ,?is1 h[ev]1 9 our practical duali/ic life1 is a rev]sion1 a twi/+1 & a re-adju/m5t4 ,eckh>t1 ! great ,g]man my/ic1 is s+ul>ly "o ) ! 8"o-?\ght-view+0 ( ?+s z done by ,buddhi/s :5 he expresses 8 view ?us3 8,das ,auge d>9 i* ,gott sehe1 i/ dasselbe ,auge1 d>9 ,gott mi* sieht4 ,me9 ,auge und ,gottes ,auge i/ e9 ,auge und e9 ,gesi*t und e9 ,erk5n5 und e9e ,liebe40f#ee ,! idea ( rev]sion is m cle>ly express$ 9 ,jacob ,boehme's simile ( ! 8umgew&tes ,auge0 ) :i* ,god is recognis$4 ,enlight5m5t !re=e mu/ involve ! w z well z ! intellect4 ,x is an act ( intuition born ( ! w4 ,! w wants to "k itself z x is 9 itself1 ya?bhtam dassana1 free f all its cognitive conditions4 ,! ,buddha atta9$ ?is end :5 a new insight came ^u him at ! end ( 8 ev]-circulatory reason+ f decay & dea? to ,ignorance & f ,ignorance to decay & dea?1 ?r\gh ! twelve l9ks ( ! ,paicca-samuppda4 ,! ,buddha _h to g ov] ! same gr\nd aga9 & aga91 because he 0 9 an intellectual impasse ?r\gh :i* he c\ld n move fur!r on4 ,he did n repeat ! process1 z is orig9ally imag9$1 = 8 own philosophical edification4 ,! fact 0 t he did n "k h[ to escape ?is endless rotation ( ideas2 at ?is end !re 0 bir?1 !re 0 decay & dea?1 & at ! o!r end !re 0 ,ignorance4 ,! objective facts c\ld n be d5i$1 !y boldly & uncom=tably confront$ him1 :ile ,ignorance balk$ ! progress ( 8 cognitive faculty mov+ f>!r onw>d or r inw>d4 ,he 0 hemm$ 9 on bo? sides1 he did n "k h[ to f9d 8 way out1 he w5t fir/ ?is way & !n t way1 =ev] ) ! same result--! utt] inutility ( all 8 m5tal lab\r4 ,b he _h an indomitable w2 he want$1 ) ! utmo/ ef=ts ( 8 w1 to get into ! v tru? ( ! matt]2 he knock$ & knock$ until ! doors ( ,ignorance gave way3 & !y bur/ op5 to a new vi/a nev] be=e pres5t$ to 8 intellectual vision4 ,?us he 0 able to exclaim to ,upaka1 ! nak$ ascetic1 :om he happ5$ to meet on 8 way to ,b5>es aft] ,enlight5m5t3 8,all-conqu]or ,i1 kn[] ( all4 ,f e soil & /a9 releas$1 ,r5\nc+ all1 f crav+ ceas$1 ,self-taught2 :om %\ld ,i ,ma/] call8 ,t :i* ,i "k ,i le>n$ ( none1 ,my fell[ is n on ! e>?4 ,( human or ( heav5ly bir? ,to equal me !re is n "o4 ,i truly h atta9$ release1 ,! _w's unequall$ tea*] ,i1 ,alone1 enlight5$ p]fectly1 ,i dwell 9 ev]la/+ peace40f#ef ,:5 we speak ( enlight5m5t or illum9ation we are apt to ?9k ( its epi/emological aspect & to =get ! pres5ce ( a trem5d\s w-p[] beh9d x--! p[] 9 fact mak+ up ! entire be+ ( an individual4 ,especially z 9 ,buddhism ! intellect /&s =? prom95tly1 p]haps m ?an x ought to1 9 ! realisation ( ! ideal ,buddhi/ life1 s*ol>s are tempt$ to ignore ! significance ( ! w z ! ess5tially det]m9ate factor 9 ! solution ( ! ultimate problem4 ,_! att5tion has ?us be5 direct$ too mu* t[>ds ! doctr9e ( ! ,paicca-samuppda or ! ,ariya-sacca1 :i* !y consid]$ con/itut$ ! f9al tea*+ ( ,buddhism4 ,b 9 ?is !y h be5 sadly at fault1 nor h !y be5 "r 9 tak+ ,buddhism = a sort ( e?ical culture1 decl>+ t x is no m ?an a sy/em ( moral precepts 7la71 )\t a s\l1 )\t a ,god1 & consequ5tly )\t a promise ( immortality4 ,b ! true ,buddhi/ ideas ( ,ignorance1 ,causation1 & ,moral ,conduct _h a f> deep] f\ndation 9 ! s\l-life ( man4 ,ignorance 0 n a cognitive ignorance1 b meant ! d>kness ( spiritual outlook4 ,if ,ignorance 7 no m ?an cognitive1 ! cle>+-up ( x did n & c\ld n result 9 enlight5m5t1 9 fre$om f ! ,fett]s & ,defilem5ts1 or ,intoxicants z "s ,pali s*ol>s h !m4 ,! ,buddha's insight p5etrat$ ! dep?s ( 8 be+ z ! w1 & he knew :at ?is 01 ya?bhtam1 or 9 its ta?bhva 7?atness or su*ness71 he rose above himself z a ,buddha supreme & pe]less4 ,! expression1 8,anutt>a-samyak-sambodhi10 0 ?us us$ to designate ?is pre-em95tly spiritual k realis$ by him4 ,ignorance :i* is ! anti!sis ( ,enlight5m5t1 !re=e1 acquires a mu* deep] s5se "h ?an t :i* has hi!rto be5 ascrib$ to x4 ,ignorance is n m]ely n kn[+ or n be+ acqua9t$ ) a !ory1 sy/em or law2 x is n directly grasp+ ! ultimate facts ( life z expressive ( ! w4 ,9 ,ignorance kn[+ is sep>at$ f act+1 & ! kn[] f t :i* is to be kn[n2 9 ,ignorance ! _w is ass]t$ z di/9ct f ! self1 t is1 !re are always two elem5ts /&+ 9 opposition4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 ! fundam5tal condition ( cognition1 :i* means t z soon z cognition takes place !re is ,ignorance cl++ to its e act4 ,:5 we ?9k we "k some?+1 !re is some?+ we d n "k4 ,! unkn[n is always beh9d ! kn[n1 & we fail to get at ?is unkn[n kn[]1 :o is inde$ ! inevitable & necess>y companion to e act ( cognition4 ,we want h[ev] to "k ?is unkn[n kn[]1 we _c let ?is g unkn[n1 ungrasp$ )\t actually see+ :at x is1 t is1 ,ignorance is to be enlight5$4 ,?is involves a great contradiction1 at lea/ epi/emologically4 ,b until we transc5d ?is condition1 !re is no peace ( m9d1 life gr[s unbe>able4 ,9 8 se>* = ! 8build]0 7gahk>a71 ! ,buddha 0 always acco/$ by ,ignorance1 an unkn[n kn[] beh9d kn[+4 ,he c\ld n = a long "t lay 8 h&s on ?is "o 9 a black mask until he transc5d$ ! dualism ( kn[] & kn[n4 ,?is transc5d+ 0 n an act ( cognition1 x 0 self-realisation1 x 0 a spiritual awak5+ & outside ! k5 ( logical reason+1 & !re=e n accompani$ by ,ignorance4 ,! k ! kn[] has ( himself1 9 himself1 t is1 z he is to himself1 is unatta9able by any proce$+s ( ! intellect :i* is n p]mitt$ to transc5d its own conditions4 ,ignorance is br\ght to subjection only by go+ beyond its own pr9ciple4 ,?is is an act ( ! w4 ,ignorance 9 itself is no evil1 nor is x ! s\rce ( evil1 b :5 we are ignorant ( ,ignorance1 ( :at x means 9 our life1 !n !re takes place an un5d+ concat5ation ( evils4 ,tah 7crav+7 reg>d$ z ! root ( evil c be ov]come only :5 ,ignorance is und]/ood 9 its deep] & prop] signification4 ,,ii ,!re=e1 x betrays an utt] ignorance on ! "p ( ,buddhi/ s*ol>s :5 !y relegate ,ignorance to ! pa/ 9 try+ to expla9 ! rationale ( ! ,twelvefold ,*a9 ( ,causation 7paicca-samuppda7f#eg f ! temporal po9t ( view4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! fir/ two factors 7angni7 ( ! ,paicca-samuppda belong to ! pa/ :ile ! foll[+ eight belong to ! pres5t & ! la/ two to ! future4 ,ignorance f :i* />ts ! s]ies ( ! ,nidnas has no "t-limits1 = x is n ( "t1 b ( ! w1 z is enlight5m5t4 ,:5 "t-conception ent]s1 enlight5m5t :i* is negatively ! dispell+ ( ,ignorance loses all its "* ( f9ality1 & we beg9 to look ar\nd = some?+ go+ beyond x4 ,! ,fett]s w\ld ev] be tight5+ ar\nd u1 & ! ,defilem5ts w\ld be our et]nal condition4 ,no gods w\ld s+ ( ! ,awak5$ ,"o z 8a lotus unsoil$ by ! du/ ( passion1 sprung f ! lake ( k2 a sun t de/roys ! d>kness ( delusion2 a moon t takes away ! scor*+ heat ( ! inh]5t s9s ( exi/5ce40f#eh ,if ,enlight5m5t made ! :ole univ]se tremble 9 six diff]5t ways z is record$ 9 ! ,sutras1 ,ignorance ov] :i* x f9ally prevail$ mu/ h z mu* p[]1 ?\gh diametrically oppos$ to x 9 value & virtue1 z ,enlight5m5t4 ,to take ,ignorance = an intellectual t]m & !n to int]pret x 9 t]ms ( "t-relation1 altoge!r de/roys its fundam5tal "* z ! fir/ 9 ! s]ies ( ! ,twelve ,nidnas4 ,! extraord9>y p[] wield$ by ! ,buddha ov] 8 contempor>ies z well z po/]ity 0 n entirely due to 8 wond]ful analytical acum5 ?\gh we h to admit ?is 9 him2 x 0 ess5tially due to 8 spiritual greatness & pr(\nd p]sonality1 :i* came f 8 w-p[] p5etrat+ d[n into ! v basis ( creation4 ,! vanqui%+ ( ,ignorance 0 an exhibition ( ?is p[] :i* !re=e 0 inv9cible & aga9/ :i* ,m>a ) all 8 ho/s 0 utt]ly p[]less ei!r to ov]:elm or to entice4 ,! failure to see into ! true mean+ ( ,ignorance 9 ! sy/em ( ! ,paicca-samuppda or 9 ! ,ariya-sacca w end unavoidably 9 miscon/ru+ ! ess5tial nature ( ,enlight5m5t & consequ5tly ( ,buddhism4 ,9 ! beg9n+ :i* is really no beg9n+ & :i* has no spiritual mean+ except 9 our f9ite life1 ! w wants to "k itself1 & consci\sness is awak5$1 & ) ! awak5+ ( consci\sness ! w is split into two4 ,! "o w1 :ole & complete 9 itself1 is n[ at once actor & obs]v]4 ,conflict is inevitable2 = ! actor n[ wants to be free f ! limitations "u :i* he has be5 oblig$ to put himself 9 8 desire = consci\sness4 ,he has 9 "o s5se be5 enabl$ to see1 b at ! same "t !re is some?+ :i* he z obs]v] _c see4 ,9 ! trail ( k1 ,ignorance foll[s ) ! inevitability ( fate1 ! "o accompanies ! o!r z %ad[ accompanies object1 no sep>ation c be effect$ betwe5 ! two companions4 ,b ! w z actor is b5t on go+ back to 8 own orig9al abode :]e !re 0 yet no dualism1 & !re=e peace prevail$4 ,?is long+ = ! home1 h[ev]1 _c be satisfi$ )\t a long h>d try+ exp]i5ce4 ,= ! ?+1 once divid$ into two1 _c be re/or$ to its =m] unity until "s /ruggle is gone ?r\gh )4 ,& ! re/oration is m ?an a m]e go+ back1 ! orig9al cont5t is enri*$ by ! division1 /ruggle1 & re-settlem5t4 ,:5 fir/ ! division takes place 9 ! w1 consci\sness is s enam\r$ ( its novelty & its app>5t effici5cy 9 solv+ ! practical problems ( life t x =gets its own mission :i* is to enlight5 ! w4 ,in/ead ( turn+ its illum9at+ rays )9 itself1 t is1 t[>ds ! w f :i* x has its pr9ciple ( exi/5ce1 consci\sness is kept busy ) ! objective _w ( realities & ideas2 & :5 x tries to look into itself1 !re is a _w ( absolute unity :]e ! object ( :i* x wi%es to "k is ! subject itself4 ,! sword _c cut itself4 ,! d>kness ( ,ignorance _c be dispell$ because x is its own self4 ,at ?is po9t ! w has to make a h]oic ef=t to enlight5 itself1 to r$eem itself1 )\t de/roy+ ! once-awak5$ consci\sness or r by work+ out ! pr9ciple ly+ at ! basis ( consci\sness4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ z we see 9 ! case ( ! ,buddha1 & he became m ?an m]e ,gautama1 he 0 ! ,awak5$ ,"o & ! ,exalt$ & supremely ,enlight5$4 ,9 will+ !re is really some?+ m ?an m]e will+1 !re is ?9k+ & see+4 ,by ?is see+1 ! w sees itself & is !reby made free & its own ma/]4 ,?is is kn[+ 9 ! mo/ fundam5tal s5se ( ! t]m & h]e9 consi/s ! ,buddhi/ r$emption4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ignorance prevails z long z ! w rema9s *eat$ by its own (fspr+ or its own image1 consci\sness1 9 :i* ! kn[] always /&s di/+ui%$ f ! kn[n4 ,! *eat+1 h[ev]1 _c la/1 ! w wi%es to be enlight5$1 to be free1 to be by itself4 ,ignorance always presupposes ! exi/5ce ( some?+ outside & unkn[n4 ,?is unkn[n outsid] is g5]ally t]m$ ego or s\l1 :i* is 9 reality ! w itself 9 ! /ate ( ,ignorance4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! ,buddha exp]i5c$ ,enlight5m5t1 he at once realis$ t !re 0 no ,atman1 no s\l-entity z an unkn[n & unkn[able quantity4 ,enlight5m5t dispell$ ,ignorance & ) x all ! bogies conjur$ up f ! d>k cave ( ego disappe>$4 ,ignorance 9 its g5]al use is oppos$ to k1 b f ! ,buddhi/ po9t ( view 9 :i* x /&s contra/$ to ,enlight5m5t1 x means ! ego 7tman71 :i* is s emphatically d5i$ by ! ,buddha4 ,?is is n to be wond]$ at1 see+ t ! ,buddha's tea*+ c5tr$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t1 ! dispell+ ( ,ignorance4 ,^? :o only see ! doctr9e ( non-atman 9 ,buddhism & fail to inquire into ! mean+ ( ,enlight5m5t are incapable ( appreciat+ ! full significance ( ! ,buddha's message to ! _w4 ,if he simply d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( an ego-entity f ! psy*ological po9t ( view aft] r$uc+ x into its compon5t factors1 sci5tifically he may be call$ great z 8 analytical faculties /ood f> above ^? ( 8 contempor>ies 9 ?is respect2 b 8 influ5ce z a spiritual lead] w\ld n h rea*$ s f> & endur$ s long4 ,8 !ory ( non-atman 0 n only e/abli%$ by a mod]n sci5tific me?od1 b ess5tially 0 ! outcome ( 8 inn] exp]i5ce4 ,:5 ,ignorance is und]/ood 9 ! deep] s5se1 its dispell+ unavoidably results 9 ! negation ( an ego-entity z ! basis ( all our life-activities4 ,enlight5m5t is a positive conception1 & = ord9>y m9ds x is q h>d to compreh5d x 9 its true be>+s4 ,b :5 we "k :at x means 9 ! g5]al sy/em ( ,buddhism1 & conc5trate our ef=ts 9 ! realisation ( x1 all ! re/ w take c>e ( !mselves1 su* z ! notion ( ,ego1 atta*m5t to x1 ,ignorance1 ,fett]s1 ,defilem5ts1 etc4 ,moral ,conduct1 ,contemplation1 & ,high] ,und]/&+--all ^! are meant to br+ ab\t ! desir$ end ( ,buddhism1 t is1 ,enlight5m5t4 ,! ,buddha's con/ant reit]ation ( ! !ory ( causation1 tell+ 8 disciples h[ :5 ?is is cause t is effect & h[ :5 cause disappe>s1 effect also disappe>s1 is n prim>ily to get !m acqua9t$ ) a k9d ( =mal logic1 b to let !m see h[ ,enlight5m5t is causally relat$ to all human happ9ess & spiritual fre$om & tranquillity4 ,z long z ,ignorance is und]/ood z logical inability to "k1 its disappe>ance c nev] br+ out ! spiritual fre$om to :i* ev5 ! e>lie/ kn[n lit]ature ( ,buddhism makes s frequ5t & s emphatic allusions4 ,see h[ ! ,arhat's decl>ation ( spiritual indep5d5ce reads 9 ! ,nikayas3 8,!re arose 9 me insight1 ! emancipation ( my he>t became un%akeable1 ?is is my la/ bir?1 !re is n[ no rebir? = me40f#ei ,?is is q a /rong /atem5t %[+ h[ int5sely & conv9c+ly "o has seiz$ ! c5tral facts ( life4 ,! passage is inde$ "o ( ! *>act]isations ( ,arhat%ip1 & :5 a full] del9eation ( x is made1 we h some?+ l ! foll[+3 8,to him1 ?us kn[+1 ?us see+1f#fj ! he>t is set free f ! defilem5t ( lu/1 is set free f ! defilem5t ( becom+1 is set free f ! defilem5t ( ,ignorance4 ,9 him1 ?us set free1 !re arises ! k ( 8 emancipation1 & he kn[s t rebir? has be5 de/roy$1 t ! ,high] ,life has be5 fulfill$1 t :at _h to be done has be5 accompli%$1 & aft] ?is pres5t life !re w be no beyond40f#fa ,9 ess5ce ! ,arhat is ! ,buddha & ev5 ! ,ta?agata1 & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism ! di/9ction betwe5 ^! t]ms did n seem q %>ply m>k$4 ,?us to a great ext5t !y may be qualifi$ 9 ! same t]ms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ! ,buddha 0 talk+ ) 8 disciples conc]n+ v>i\s speculations preval5t 9 8 days1 he made ! foll[+ rem>ks ab\t ! k ( ?+s 9 comm& by ! ,ta?agata3 8,t does he "k1 & he kn[s also o!r ?+s f> beyond1 f> bett] ?an ^? speculations2 & hav+ t k he is n puff$ up2 & ?us unt>ni%$ he has1 9 8 own he>t1 realis$ ! way ( escape f !m1 has und]/ood1 z really !y are1 ! ris+ up & pass+ away ( s5sations1 _! sweet ta/e1 _! dang]1 h[ !y _c be reli$ on1 & n grasp+ aft] any ( ^? ?+s m5 are eag] =1 he ! ,ta?agata is q set free4 ,^! are ^? o!r ?+s1 pr(\nd1 difficult to realise1 & h>d to und]/&1 tranquillis+1 sweet1 n to be grasp$ by logic1 subtle1 compreh5sible only by ! wise1 :i* ! ,ta?agata1 hav+ himself realis$ & se5 face to face1 ha? set =?2 & x is conc]n+ ^! t !y :o w\ld rightly praise ! ,ta?agata 9 accordance ) ! tru?1 %\ld speak40f#fb ,^! virtues = :i* ! ,ta?agata 0 to be prais$ 7 manife/ly n d]iv$ f speculation & analytical reason+4 ,8 intellectual sight 0 j z ke5 & f>-rea*+ z any ( 8 contempor>ies1 b he 0 end[$ ) a high] faculty1 w-p[]1 :i* 0 ex]cis$ to its fulle/ capacity 9 ord] to br+ ab\t all ^! virtues :i* belong$ to ! entire be+ ( ,ta?agatahood4 ,& naturally !re 0 no ne$ = him to face ^! metaphysical problems t agitat$ ! philosoph]s ( 8 days2 !y 7 solv$ 9 him1 :5 he atta9$ 8 spiritual fre$om & s]5ity1 9 _! entirety1 9 _! syn!tic aspect1 & n p>tially or fragm5t>ily--:i* %\ld be ! case if !y 7 pres5t$ to ! ,buddha's cognition z philosophical problems4 ,9 ?is light is to be read ! ,mahli ,sutta4 ,"s s*ol>s wond] :y two entirely disconnect$ ideas are treat$ toge!r 9 "o body ( ! ,sutra1 :i* h[ev] %[s s*ol>ly ignorance 9 reg>d to matt]s spiritual1 z !y fail to notice ! true import ( ,enlight5m5t 9 ! sy/em ( ,buddhi/ fai?4 ,to und]/& ?is1 we ne$ imag9ative intuition directly p5etrat+ ! c5tre ( life1 & n always d m]e lit]>y & philological tal5ts succe$ 9 unravell+ its secrets4 ,! ,mahli ,sutta is a ,pali ,sutra 9 ! ,dgha-,nikya1 9 :i* ,mahli asks ! ,buddha z to ! object ( ! religi\s life practis$ by 8 disciples1 & ! foll[+ is ! gi/ ( 8 answ]3 ,! ,buddhi/s d n practise self-conc5tration 9 ord] to acquire any miracul\s p[] su* z he>+ heav5ly s\nds or see+ heav5ly sights4f#fc ,!re are ?+s high] & sweet] ?an t1 "o ( :i* is ! complete de/ruction ( ! ,?ree ,bonds 7delusion ( self1 d\bt1 & tru/ 9 ! efficacy ( good works & c]emonies7 & ! atta9m5t ( su* a /ate ( m9d z to lead to ! insight ( ! high] ?+s 9 "o's spiritual life4 ,:5 ?is insight is ga9$ ! he>t gr[s s]5e1 is releas$ f ! ta9t ( ,ignorance1 & !re arises ! k ( emancipation4 ,su* que/ions z are ask$ by y1 ,o ,mahli1 reg>d+ ! id5tity ( body & s\l1 are idle ones2 = :5 y atta9 to ! supreme insight & see ?+s z !y really are 9 !mselves1 t is1 emancipat$ f ! ,bonds1 ,ta9ts1 & ,deadly ,fl[s1 ^? que/ions t are bo!r+ y at ! mom5t w completely lose _! value & no m be ask$ 9 ! way y d4 ,h5ce no ne$ ( my answ]+ y\r que/ions4 ,?is dialogue betwe5 ! ,buddha & ,mahli well illu/rates ! relation betwe5 ,enlight5m5t & ! problem ( ! s\l4 ,!re is no ne$ ( wond]+ :y ! ,buddha did n def9itely solve ! ev]-recurr+ "q in/ead ( ignor+ x 9 ! mann] z he did & talk+ ab\t some?+ app>5tly 9 no connection ) ! po9t at issue4 ,?is is "o ( ! in/ances by :i* we mu/ try to see into ! mean+ ( ,ignorance4 ,,iii ,"o ( ! reasons1 h[ev]1 :y ! ,buddha left "s metaphysical que/ions unansw]$ or indet]m9ate 7avykata7 0 due to ! fact t ,buddhism is a practical sy/em ( spiritual discipl9e & n a metaphysical disc\rse4 ,! ,buddha naturally _h 8 !ory ( cognition1 b ?is 0 second>y inasmu* z ! *ief aim ( ,buddhi/ life 0 to atta9 ,enlight5m5t f :i* spiritual fre$om ensues4 ,enlight5m5t vanqui%es ,ignorance ly+ at ! root ( bir?-&-dea? & lay+ fett]s ( e description1 intellectual z well z affective4 ,& ?is vanqui%+ ( ,ignorance _c be a*iev$ except by ! ex]cise ( "o's w-p[]2 all ! o!r attempts1 especially m]ely intellectual1 are utt]ly futile4 ,h5ce ! ,buddha's conclusion3 8,^! que/ionsf#fd are n calculat$ to pr(it1 !y are n conc]n$ ) ! ,dh>ma1 !y d n r$\nd to ! elem5ts ( "r conduct1 nor to deta*m5t1 nor to purification f lu/s1 nor to quietude1 nor to tranquillisation ( he>t1 nor to real k1 nor to ! insight ( ! high] /ages ( ! ,pa?1 nor to ,nirvana4 ,!re=e is x t ,i express no op9ion ^u !m40 ,:at ! ,buddha on ! o!r h& exp\nd$ 03 8,:at pa9 is1 :at ! orig9 ( pa9 is1 :at ! cessation ( pa9 is1 & ! me?od by :i* "o may rea* ! cessation ( pa940 ,= ^! are all practical matt]s to be n only fully und]/ood & realis$ b actively ma/]$ by any "o :o really desires to accompli% ! great de$ ( emancipation4 ,t ! ,buddha 0 v mu* aga9/ m]e k & mo/ emphatically insi/$ on actually see+ & p]sonally exp]i5c+ ! ,dh>ma1 face to face1 is 9 evid5ce ev]y:]e 9 ! ,nikyas z well z 9 ! ,mahayana texts4 ,?is has be5 inde$ ! /ronge/ po9t 9 ! tea*+ ( ,buddhism4 ,:5 a ,brahman philosoph] 0 ref]r+ to 8 k ( ! ,?ree ,v$as & a union ) t :i* he has n se51 ! ,buddha ridicul$ him 9 "o ( 8 /rong phrases3 8,s y say t ! ,brahmans are n able to po9t ! way to union ) t :i* !y h se51 & y fur!r say t nei!r any "o ( !m1 nor ( _! pupils1 nor ( _! pr$ecessors ev5 to ! sev5? g5]ation1 has ev] se5 ,brahma4 ,& y fur!r say t ev5 ! ,ri%is ( old1 ^: words !y hold 9 su* deep respect1 did n pret5d to "k1 or to h se5 :]e1 or :5ce1 or :i!r ,brahma is4 ,yet ^! ,brahmans v]s$ 9 ! ,?ree ,v$as say1 =soo?1 t !y c po9t out ! way to union ) t :i* !y "k n1 nei!r h se54444 ,!y are l a /r+ ( bl9d m5 cl++ "o to ! o!r1 nei!r c ! =emo/ see1 nor c ! middle "o see1 nor c ! h9dmo/ see4 ,! talk ( ^? ,brahmans v]s$ 9 ! ,?ree ,v$as is b bl9d talk3 ! fir/ sees n1 ! middle "o sees n1 nor c ! la/ see40 ,enlight5m5t or ! dispell+ ( ,ignorance :i* is ! ideal ( ! ,buddhi/ life1 we c see n[ mo/ cle>ly1 is n an act ( ! intellect1 b ! trans=m+ or re-modell+ ( "o's :ole be+ ?r\gh ! ex]cise ( ! mo/ fundam5tal faculty innate 9 e "o ( u4 ,m]e und]/&+ has some?+ =eign 9 x & does n seem to come s intimately into life4 ,if ,enlight5m5t _h really su* a trem5d\s effect on our spiritual outlook z we read 9 ! ,sutras1 x c\ld n be ! outcome ( j gett+ acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9e ( ,causation4 ,enlight5m5t is ! "w ( ,pa :i* is born ( ! w :i* wants to see itself & to be 9 itself4 ,h5ce ! ,buddha's emphasis on ! importance ( p]sonal exp]i5ce2 h5ce 8 insi/5ce on m$itation 9 solitude z ! means ( lead+ to ! exp]i5ce4 ,m$itation1 ?r\gh :i* ! w endeav\rs to transc5d ! condition x has put on itself 9 ! awak5+ ( consci\sness1 is !re=e by no means ! simple act ( cogitat+ on ! !ory ( ,orig9ation or ,causation1 :i* =ev] moves 9 a circle />t+ f ,ignorance & end+ 9 ,ignorance4 ,?is is ! "o ?+ t is mo/ ne$$ 9 ,buddhism4 ,all ! o!r metaphysical problems involve u 9 a tangl$ ske91 9 a matt$ mass ( ?read4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ignorance is ?us n to be got rid ( by metaphysical means b by ! /ruggle ( ! w4 ,:5 ?is is done1 we are also fre$ f ! notion ( an ego-entity :i* is ! product or r ! basis ( ,ignorance1 on :i* x dep5ds & ?rives4 ,! ego is ! d>k spot :]e ! rays ( ! intellect fail to p5etrate1 x is ! la/ hid+ lair ( ,ignorance1 :]e ! latt] s]5ely keeps itself f ! light4 ,:5 ?is lair is laid b>e & turn$ inside out1 ,ignorance vani%es l fro/ 9 ! sun4 ,9 fact1 ^! two are "o & ! same ?+1 ,ignorance & ! idea ( ego4 ,we are apt to ?9k t :5 ,ignorance is driv5 out & ! ego loses its hold on u1 we h no?+ to lean aga9/ & are left to ! fate ( a dead leaf bl[n away hi!r & ?i!r z ! w9d li/e?4 ,b ?is is n s2 = ,enlight5m5t is n a negative idea mean+ simply ! abs5ce ( ,ignorance4 ,inde$1 ,ignorance is ! negation ( ,enlight5m5t & n ! rev]se4 ,enlight5m5t is affirmation 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w1 & !re=e x 0 /at$ by ! ,buddha t he :o sees ! ,dh>ma sees ! ,buddha & he :o sees ! ,buddha sees ! ,dh>ma1 & aga9 t he :o wants to see ! ,buddha ought n to seek him 9 =m1 nor 9 voice1 etc4 ,:5 ,ignorance rul$ supreme1 ! ego 0 conceiv$ to be a positive idea1 & its d5ial 0 nihili/ic4 ,x 0 q natural = ,ignorance to uphold ! ego :]e x f\nd its orig9al home4 ,b ) ! realisation ( ,enlight5m5t1 ! :ole affair *anges its aspect1 & ! ord] in/itut$ by ,ignorance is rev]s$ f top to bottom4 ,:at 0 negative is n[ positive1 & :at 0 positive n[ negative4 ,buddhi/ s*ol>s ought n to =get ?is revaluation ( ideas t comes along ) ,enlight5m5t4 ,s9ce ,buddhism ass]ts ,enlight5m5t to be ! ultimate fact ( ,buddhi/ life1 !re is 9 x no?+ negativi/ic1 no?+ pessimi/ic4 ,,iv ,z philosophy t5ds to emphasise unduly ! importance ( ab/ract ideas & logical inf]5ces & =gets to keep itself con/antly 9 t\* ) ! actual _w ( exp]i5ce1 ! ,buddha1 z ,i h repeat$ly /at$1 flatly refus$ to subscribe to !orisation 7takka or vitakka7 at ! exp5se ( practical discipl9e4 ,enlight5m5t 0 ! fruit ( su* discipl9e1 & ! dispell+ ( ,ignorance c\ld n be effect$ by any o!r means4 ,if ! ,buddha c\ld be said to h _h any sy/em ( ?\ght gov]n+ ! :ole tr5d ( 8 tea*+1 x 0 :at we may call radical empiricism4 ,by ?is ,i mean t he took life & ! _w z !y 7 & did n try to read !m accord+ to 8 own int]pretation4 ,!ori/s may say ?is is impossible1 = we put our subjectivity into e act ( p]ception & :at we call an objective _w is really a recon/ruction ( our innate ideas4 ,epi/emologically ?is may be s1 b spiritually a /ate ( p]fect fre$om is obta9$ only :5 all our egoi/ic ?\ghts are n read into life & ! _w is accept$ z x is z a mirror reflects a fl[] z fl[] & ! moon z moon4 ,:5 !re=e ,i say ,buddhism is radical empiricism1 ?is is n to be und]/ood epi/emologically b spiritually4 ,?is is really ! mean+ ( 8ya?bhtam0 or 8ya?ta?am0--! t]m q frequ5tly us$ 9 ! ,buddhi/ canon & 9 fact =m+ a mo/ important refra9 ( ,buddhi/ ?\ght4 ,9 ! ,smaa-phala ,sutta1 9 ! ,dgha-,nikya1 we are told 9 an asc5d+ scale :at ! ultimate fruits ( ,buddhi/ life are1 & ! scale t]m9ates 9 ! 8ya?bhtam0 acceptance ( ! _w3 8,) 8 he>t ?us s]5e1 made pure1 transluc5t1 cultur$1 devoid ( evil1 supple1 ready to act1 firm1 & imp]turbable1 he directs & b5ds d[n to ! k ( ! de/ruction ( ! ,defilem5ts 7sav74 ,he kn[s z x really is3 #8,?is is pa94' ,he kn[s z x really is3 #8,?is is ! orig9 ( pa94' ,he kn[s z x really is3 #8,?is is ! cessation ( pa94' ,he kn[s z x really is3 #8,?is is ! pa? t leads to ! cessation ( pa94' ,he kn[s z !y really are3 #8,^! are ! ,defilem5ts4' ,he kn[s z x really is3 #8,?is is ! orig9 ( ! ,defilem5ts4' ,he kn[s z x really is3 #8,?is is ! cessation ( ! ,defilem5ts4' ,he kn[s z x really is3 #8,?is is ! pa? t leads to ! cessation ( ! ,defilem5ts4' ,to him1 ?us kn[+1 ?us see+1 ! he>t is set free f ! ,defilem5t ( ,lu/s 7kma71 is set free f ! ,defilem5t ( ,exi/5ce 7bhva71 is set free f ! ,defilem5t ( ,ignorance 7avijj74 ,9 him1 ?us set free1 !re arises ! k ( 8 emancipation1 & he kn[s3 #8,rebir? has be5 de/roy$4 ,! high] life has be5 fulfill$4 ,:at _h to be done has be5 accompli%$4 ,aft] ?is pres5t life !re w be no beyond6'0 ,h[ %all we und]/& ?is8 ,z 9 ! case ( ! ,twelve ,nidanas1 ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru? w surely fail to yield up its deepe/ signification :5 we approa* x intellectually4 ,= x is no m ?an a re/atem5t ( ! dogma ( dep5d5t orig9ation1 h[ev] diff]5t 9 =m1 ! same pr9ciple is ass]t$ bo? 9 ! ,paicca-samuppda & 9 ! ,ariya-sacca4 ,! latt] po9ts out ! practical me?od ( escape f ! fett]s ( k>ma :ile ! =m] draws out 9 view ! plans ( its modus op]&i4 ,z concepts1 bo? =mulas rema9 j :at !y are1 t is1 effectless & ineffici5t to produce a spiritual revolution4 ,! ,buddha's idea ( =mulat+ ! ,f\rfold ,tru? 0 to see x practically appli$ to ! realisation ( an ideal4 ,! elaborate m5tal discipl9e :i* is expla9$ 9 ! previ\s p>ts ( ! ,smaa-phala is b prep>atory to ?is f9al cata/rophe4 ,)\t a s]5e1 pure1 & firm he>t1 ! tru? c nev] be grasp$ z x really is4 ,a ke51 p5etrat+ intellect may "k ( ! tru? & disc\rse ab\t x1 b z to its realisation 9 life a discipl9$ m9d is requir$4 ,! passages above quot$ are intelligible only :5 !y are se5 9 ! light ( spiritual life4 ,buddhism may be logical1 b if we fail to p]ceive any?+ fur!r ?an t we sorely di/ort x4 ,! logicality ( ,buddhi/ tea*+ is j "o aspect ( x & n a v important "o4 ,we may ev5 reg>d ?is logicalness z incid5tal to ,buddhism1 & ^? :o are entranc$ by x1 rema9 q ignorant ( ! true import ( ,buddhism4 8,he kn[s z x really is10 ti ya?bhta pajnti1--we mu/ come to ?is2 = ,ya?bhta-a-dassana is ! insight t de/roys ! ,defilem5ts 7savna khaya-na7 & produces ! consci\sness ( spiritual emancipation 7cetovimutti74 ,)\t ?is ,naa or ,naa-dassana 7insight or intuition71 no deta*m5t1 no fre$om w\ld be possible to a ,buddhi/1 nor w\ld he ev] be assur$ ( 8 ultimate deliv]ance f ! bondage ( exi/5ce z well z ( ! atta9m5t ( ! high] life 7brahmac>ya74 ,! 8kn[+ ?us1 see+ ?us10 does n mean an intellectual compreh5sion ( facts or tru?s :i* fall outside ! pale ( "o's own exp]i5ce1 b x is ! p]ception ( ev5ts t h actually tak5 place )9 oneself4 ,ev5 an intellectual compreh5sion w be impossible :5 !re is no exp]i5ce t goes to support its validity4 ,= ^? :o h no spiritual tra9+ along ! l9e ( ! ,h9du dhyana ex]cises1 ! m5tal /ate culm9at+ 9 ! ya?bhtam contemplation ( ! _w w be a v difficult subject to be 9 sympa?y )4 ,b 9 ?is light only ! ,buddha's disc\rse on ! fruits ( ! ,smaa life is to be und]/ood4 ,! ,defilem5ts 7sav71 or ,ooz+s 7l\7#c4b z ! ,*9ese translators h !m1 are ?ree1 sometimes f\r1 9 numb]4 ,!y are ! ,defilem5ts ( ,desire 7kma71 ,exi/5ce 7bhva71 ,ignorance 7avijj71 & ,intellection 7dihi74 ,:at k9d ( insight is x t de/roys all ^! ,defilem5ts8 ,& :at is x t w be left 9 u aft] su* a de/ruction8 ,! answ]s may be anticipat$ to be ?or\ghly nihili/ic1 because no?+ b absolute void w be seem+ly ! result ( su* de/ruction4 ,especially :5 we read a v]se l ! foll[+ 7,sutta-nipta1 vv4 #idi & #ajii71 we may reasonably be tempt$ to reg>d ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha z absolutely negativi/ic3 8,:at is be=e !e1 lay x aside2 ,let !re be no?+ beh9d !e2 ,if ?\ wilt n grasp aft] :at is 9 ! middle1 ,?\ wilt w&] calm40f#fe ,b ! fact is1 f ! spiritual po9t ( view1 t x is only aft] ! de/ruction ( ! ,defilem5ts & a release f e =m ( atta*m5t t "o's inmo/ be+ gets purifi$ & sees itself z x really is1 n inde$ z an ego /&+ 9 contra/ to ! n-ego1 b z some?+ transc5d+ opposites & yet syn!sis+ !m 9 itself4 ,:at is de/roy$ is ! dualism ( ?+s & n _! on5ess4 ,& ! release means go+ back to "o's orig9al abode4 ,! insight !re=e is to see unity 9 multiplicity & to und]/& ! opposition ( ! two ideas z n condition+ ea* o!r b z bo? issu+ f a high] pr9ciple2 & ?is is :]e p]fect fre$om abides4 ,:5 ! m9d is tra9$ en\gh1 x sees t nei!r negation 7niratta7 nor affirmation 7atta7 applies to reality b t ! tru? lies 9 kn[+ ?+s z !y are or r z !y become4 ,a m9d really s9c]e & ?or\ghly purifi$ is ! necess>y prelim9>y to ! und]/&+ ( reality 9 its su*ness4 ,z ! result we h 8ti ya?bhta pajnti10 & ?is came lat] to be =mulat$ by ! ,mahayani/s into ! doctr9e ( ,?atness or ,su*ness 7bhtata?at74 ,! tra9$ m9d t has gone ?r\gh ! f\r dhyana ex]cises z prescrib$ 9 ! ,nikyas fur!r develops into :at is kn[n among ! ,mahayani/s z ! d>a-jnam 7mirror-insight71 :i* corresponds to ! ,bhta-a 9 ! ,angutt>a ,nikya4 ,! la/ simile 9 ! ,buddha's disc\rse on ! fruits ( ! ,smaa life1 :i* sums up ! spiritual atta9m5t ( ! ,buddhi/s1 becomes n[ q intelligible4 ,x runs ?us3 8,j1 ,o k+1 z if 9 a m\nta9 fa/ness !re 7 a pool ( wat]1 cle>1 transluc5t1 & s]5e2 & a man1 /&+ on ! bank & ) eyes to see1 %\ld p]ceive ! oy/]s & ! %ells1 ! gravel & ! pebbles & ! %oals ( fi%1 z !y move ab\t or lie )9 x3 he w\ld "k3 ,?is pool is cle>1 transp>5t1 & s]5e1 & !re )9 x are ! oy/]s & ! %ells1 & ! s& & gravel1 & ! %oals ( fi% are mov+ ab\t or ly+ /ill40 ,! radical empiricism ( ! 8,ya?bhtam0 tea*+ ( ! ,buddha is "h graphically pres5t$1 :i* rem9ds u ( ! ,buddha 9 ! ,itivuttaka1 v4 #aji1 describ+ himself z ! spectator /&+ on ! %ore 7cakkhum puriso tre hito74 ,to und]/& ?is simile intellectually w be %e] nons5se4 ,! writ] describes 8 m5tal attitude f a high] plane ( ?\ght :i* has be5 realis$ by him aft] a long tra9+4 ,sambodhi or ,enlight5m5t is ! ,buddhi/ t]m giv5 to ?is realisation4 ,! de/ruction ( ! f\r ,defilem5ts is ! negative phase ( ! exp]i5ce :i* is ! insight to :i* ! ,buddha's s]5e & transluc5t m9d 0 direct$ & b5t d[n4 ,:5 ! de/ructive activity alone is consid]$1 ,enlight5m5t is annihilat+ & negativi/ic1 b :5 ! insight op5s to ! su*ness ( tru?1 x is mo/ emphatically affirmative4 ,?is is :]e lies t 8mat*less isl& possess+ no?+ & grasp+ aft] no?+1 call$ ,nirvana1 ! de/ruction ( decay & dea?40 7,sutta-nipta1 v4 #ajid74 ,rememb] t :at is "h de/roy$ is decay & dea? & n life2 = x is ?r\gh ,enlight5m5t t life is = ! fir/ "t re/or$ to its native fre$om & creativ5ess4 ,! simile ( mirror 7d>a7 may h[ev] sugge/ t ! ,buddhi/ attitude t[>ds ! _w is m]ely passive & lack+ 9 en]gis+ inspirations4 ,?is h[ev] betrays ! ignorance on ! "p ( ! critic ( ! ,buddha's own life :i* 0 s unselfi%ly devot$ = =ty-n9e long & peaceful ye>s to ! promotion ( ! g5]al spiritual welf>e ( 8 p2 n only ?is1 b ! critic has also =gott5 to notice ! extraord9>y mission>y ent]prises ( ! ,buddha's disciples z well z _! intellectual activities :i* develop$ into ! ,mahayani/ s*ool ( ,buddhism4 ,:atev] ?is be1 ! *>ge ( passivity aga9/ ,buddhi/ weltans*auung is wrong ev5 :5 x is consid]$ ap>t f ! hi/orical facts ( ,buddhism4 ,passivity we notice 9 ,enlight5m5t is m]ely app>5t4 ,z a g5]al /atem5t1 a ?+ absolutely passive is un?9kable1 unless x is a /ate ( absolute no?+ness )\t any k9d ( cont5t 9 x4 ,z long z ,enlight5m5t is ! outcome ( a mo/ /r5u\s spiritual ef=t1 x is a positive /ate ( m9d 9 :i* lies hidd5 an inexhau/ible res]voir ( possibilities2 x is a unity 9 :i* a _w ( multitud9osity is lodg$4 8,noisy g ! small wat]s1 sil5t goes ! va/ ocean40f#ff ,9 ! va/ ocean ( ,enlight5m5t !re is ! sil5ce ( unity4 ,! ,avatasaka philosoph]s too comp>e x to ! imm5se expanse ( an ocean1 calm & transluc5t1 :i* reflects all ! %9+ bodies ( heav51 b :]e at ! same "t possibilities ( ro>+ & all-dev\r+ waves lie innoc5tly embosom$4 ,s asks ! ,buddha 9 ! ,mahli ,sutta3 8,:5 a monk kn[s ?us & sees ?us1 w\ld t make him ready to take up ! "q3 ,is ! s\l ! same z ! body1 or is ! s\l "o ?+ & ! body ano!r80 ,x is ?us evid5t t ! ,buddha's tea*+ always c5t]$ 9 ! practical realisation ( ,enlight5m5t z 8savem khata-a10 insight t de/roys ! ,defilem5ts & releases "o f e atta*m5t 7updna74 ,he did n %un ! discussion ( ! metaphysical problems m]ely because !y 7 metaphysical1 b because !y 7 n conducive to ! atta9m5t ( ! ultimate end ( ,buddhi/ life :i* is ! purification ( _s & n ! display ( epi/emological subtlety4 ,ignorance 0 to be dispell$ 9 our inn] exp]i5ce1 & n by intellectually und]/&+ ! pr9ciple ( dep5d5t orig9ation :e!r express$ z ! ,paicca-samuppda or z ! ,ariya-sacca4 ,fur!r1 t ,enlight5m5t consi/s 9 see+ into ?+s 8ya?bhtam0 or 8ya?ta?am10 free f d\bt1 n di/urb$ by intellection or !orisation1 may be glean$ f ! la/ g? 9 ! ,itivuttaka1 :]e ! ,buddha is prais$ = 8 v>i\s virtues4 ,i quote ! fir/ ?ree /anzas3 8,hav+ insight into all ! _w1 ,9 all ! _w z x really is1 ,he is deta*$ f all ! _w1 ,& )\t comp>e 9 all ! _w4 ,all surpass+ 9 ev]y?+1 /eadfa/4 ,fre$ f all ties1 ,! highe/ repose belongs to him1 ,:o has atta9$ ,nirvana1 ) no fe> f any side4 ,?is ,enlight5$ ,"o1 ) ,defilem5ts de/roy$1 ,undi/urb$1 & free f d\bt1 ,has atta9$ de/ruction ( all k>ma1 ,& is releas$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ! sub/ratum40 ,v ,view+ ?+s 8ya?bhtam0 is1 s to speak1 ! intellectual or noetic aspect ( ,enlight5m5t ?\gh n 9 ! s5se ( discursive und]/&+2 !re is ano!r aspect ( ,enlight5m5t :i* w be ! subject ( consid]ation "h4 ,i mean its relation to samadhi or dhyana4 ,?is is prelim9>y1 z ,i said be=e1 to ! realisation1 b x also %[s t ! realisation ?us atta9$ is some?+ m ?an m]ely see+ into tru?4 ,if ,enlight5m5t 7 j ?is see+ or hav+ insight1 x w\ld n be s spiritually enlight5+ z to br+ ab\t a complete riddance ( evil passions & ! s5se ( p]fect fre$om4 ,intuitions c\ld n g s p5etrat+ly into ! s\rce ( life & set all d\bts at re/ & sev] all bonds ( atta*m5t1 unless "o's consci\sness 7 ?or\ghly prep>$ to take 9 ! ,all 9 its :ol5ess z well z its su*ness4 ,our s5ses & ord9>y consci\sness are only too apt to be di/urb$ & to turn away f ! realisation ( tru?4 ,m5tal discipl9e ?us becomes indisp5sable4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! ,buddha _h ?is discipl9e "u 8 two ,samkhya tea*]s & t ev5 aft] 8 ,enlight5m5t he made x a rule = 8 disciples to tra9 !mselves 9 ! dhyana ex]cises4 ,he himself retir$ into solitude :5ev] he _h opportunities = x4 ,?is 0 n ( c\rse m]ely indulg+ 9 contemplation or 9 mak+ ! _w reflect 9 ! mirror ( consci\sness4 ,x 0 a k9d ( spiritual tra9+ ev5 = himself & ev5 aft] ,enlight5m5t4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,buddha 0 simply foll[+ ! practise ( all o!r ,indian sages & philosoph]s4 ,?is h[ev] 0 n all ) him1 he saw "s deep] mean+ 9 ! discipl9e :i* 0 to awak5 ! highe/ spiritual s5se = compreh5d+ ! ,dh>ma4 ,inde$1 )\t ?is ultimate awak5+1 dhyana h[ev] exalt+1 0 ( no import to ! p]fection ( ,buddhi/ life4 ,s we h 9 ! ,dhammapada1 v4 #cgb3 8,)\t k 7pa1 praj7 !re is no m$itation 7jhna1 dhyna71 )\t m$itation !re is no k3 he :o has k & m$itation is ne> unto ,nirvana40 ,?is mutual dep5d5ce ( jhna & pa is :at di/+ui%$ ,buddhism f ! re/ ( ! ,indian tea*+s at ! "t4 ,jhna or dhyna mu/ issue 9 pa1 mu/ develop into see+ ! _w z x really is 7ya?bhta72 = !re is no ,buddhism 9 m$itation m]ely z su*4 ,& ?is 0 ! reason :y ! ,buddha got dissatisfi$ ) ! tea*+ ( 8 tea*]s2 x1 to use 8 own words1 did 8n lead to p]fect insight1 to supreme awak5+1 to ,nirvana0 7na abhiya na sambhodya na nibbnya savattati74 ,to be abid+ 9 ! s]5ity ( no?+ness 0 enjoyable en\gh1 b x 0 fall+ into a deep slumb]1 & ! ,buddha _h no desire to sleep away 8 e>?ly life 9 a daydream4 ,!re mu/ be a see+ into ! life & s\l ( ?+s4 ,to him pa or praj 0 ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( 8 doctr9e1 & x _h to gr[ out ( dhyana1 & ! dhyana t did n t]m9ate 9 pa 0 n at all ,buddhi/ic4 ,! boat 0 to be empti$ inde$1 b /ay+ 9 an 8empty h\se0 7sugra7 & do+ no?+ is blankness & annihilation2 an eye mu/ op5 & see ! tru? fully & cle>ly1 ! tru? 7p>ama ariyasacca7 t lib]ates life f its _m bondages & encumbrances4 7,majjhima ,nikya1 #adj47 ,s+s ! ,dhammapada aga9 7v4 #cgc73 8,a monk :o has ent]$ 8 empty h\se1 & ^: m9d is tranquil1 ,feels a m ?an human delight :5 he sees ! tru? cle>ly40 99 99 99 99 99 ,z ?us ! aim ( ! dhyana ex]cises is to prep>e ! m9d = ! realisation ( ! p>amasacca :i* de/roys & lib]ates1 & z ! tru? is realisable only by ! awak5+ ( ! p>ama-pa :i* is ! k 7a7 t puts an end to all mis]y 7sabbadukkha71 ! ,buddha nev] fails to duly impress ! importance ( pa on ! m9ds ( 8 disciples1 = in/ance1 9 8 g5]al discipl9>y s*eme giv5 to !m "u ! ?ree head+s3 la 7morality71 jhna 7m$itation71 & pa 7intuitive k74 ,:atev] sup]s5sual pleasures "o may exp]i5ce 9 ! jhna ex]cises1 ! ,buddha consid]$ !m to be f> %ort ( ! ultimate goal ( ,buddhi/ life1 e "o ( su* pleasures _h to be ab&on$ z x w\ld entangle ! m9d & int]rupt its asc5d+ c\rse to ! awak5+ ( pa4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ?is awak5+ alone t ! consci\sness ( emancipation or go+ back to "o's orig9al spiritual abode c\ld be atta9$4 ,& by emancipation ! ,buddha meant to be free f all =ms ( atta*m5t1 bo? s5sual 7rpa7 & intellectual 7vina74 ,s says he 9 ! ,majjhima ,nikya1 #ach3 ,let n ?y m9d be di/urb$ by ext]nal objects1 nor let x g a/ray among ?y own ideas4 ,be free f atta*m5ts1 & fe> n4 ,?is is ! way to ov]come ! suff]+s ( bir? & dea?4 ,z long z !re is ! slighte/ trace ( atta*m5t any:]e1 outw>dly or inw>dly1 !re rema9s ! sub/ratum ( selfhood1 & ?is is sure to create a new =ce ( k>ma & involve u 9 ! et]nal cycle ( bir?-&-dea?4 ,?is atta*m5t is a =m ( obsession or illusion or imag9ation4 ,n9e ( su* self-conceit$ illusions are m5tion$ 9 ! ,nikyas1 all ( :i* come out ( ! wrong speculations ( selfhood & naturally lead to atta*m5t 9 "o way or ano!r4 ,!y are ! ideas t 8,i am10 8,i am t10 8,i %all be10 8,i %all n be10 8,i %all h =m10 8,i %all be )\t =m10 8,i %all h ?\ght10 8,i %all be )\t ?\ght10 8,i %all nei!r h ?\ght nor be )\t ?\ght40f#fg ,we h to get rid ( all ^! maitams1 arrogant1 self-ass]t+ conceptions1 9 ord] to rea* ! f9al goal ( ,buddhi/ life4 ,= :5 !y are elim9at$1 we cease to worry1 to h>b\r hatr$1 to be belab\r+1 & to be seiz$ ) fe>s1--:i* is tranquillisation 7santi71 & ,nirvana1 & ! see+ into ! reality & tru? ( ?+s4 ,:5 pa is awak5$ 9 u1 morality is ab&on$1 m$itation left beh9d1 & !re rema9s only an enlight5$ /ate ( consci\sness 9 :i* _s move? z x li/e?4 ,! well-kn[n simile ( ! raft 7kullpama7f#fh :i* may seem some:at un9telligible to "s ( ! ,buddhi/ critics :o are us$ to an altoge!r diff]5t 8intellectual l&scape10 is a good illu/ration ( ! ,buddhi/ tea*+ ( non-atta*m5t4 ,! tea*+1 8,kullpama vo bhikkhave jnantehi dhamm pi vo pahtabb1 pageva adhamm10 7,l unto a raft all dh>mas inde$ mu/ be ab&on$1 mu* m un-dh>mas671 is really ! mo/ fundam5tal keynote runn+ ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( ! hi/ory ( ,buddhi/ dogmatics4 ,! philosophy ( ,prajpramit :i* is consid]$ by "s q deviat+ f ! _s ( primitive ,buddhism is 9 no way beh9d 9 uphold+ ?is doctr9e ( non-atta*m5t1 = in/ance1 z we see 9 ! ,vajrac*$ik ,stra4 ,9 fact1 ! !ory ( nyat z exp\nd$ 9 all ! ,praj-stras is no m ?an philosophis+ on ! doctr9e ( non-atta*m5t4f#fi ,! ,vajrac*$ik has3 8,tasmad iya ?a?gat5a s&hya vg bh%i kolopama dh>map>yyam jnadbhir dh>m eva t prahtavy prgeva adh>m40 ,! simile itself runs z foll[s 7,majjhima ,nikya1 #bb73 8,9 ! simile ( a raft d ,i tea* my doctr9e to y1 ,o monks1 :i* is design$ = escape1 n = ret5tion4 ,li/5 att5tively & rememb] well :at ,i am go+ to say4 ,suppose t a man com+ ^u a long j\rney f9ds 9 8 way a great broad wat]1 ! hi!r side beset ) fe>s & dang]s1 b ! fur!r side secure & free f fe>s1 & no boat :]e) to cross ! flood nor any bridge lead+ f ?is to ! o!r %ore4 ,& suppose ?is man to say to himself3 ,v]ily ?is is a great & wide wat]1 & ! hi!r side is full ( fe>s & dang]s1 b ! fur!r side secure & free f fe>s2 & !re is nei!r boat nor bridge to take me f ?is to t fur!r %ore4 ,h[ if ,i ga!r "s re$s & twigs & leaves & b9d !m toge!r into a raft2 & !n1 support$ on t raft1 & lab\r+ ) h&s & feet1 cross 9 safety to t o!r %ore6 ,accord+ly1 ,o monks1 suppose ?is man to ga!r toge!r re$s & twigs & leaves & bran*es & b9d !m all toge!r into a raft1 & laun*+ =? ^u x & lab\r+ ) h&s & feet1 atta9 9 safety ! o!r %ore4 ,& n[1 ! flood cross$1 ! fur!r %ore atta9$1 suppose ! man %\ld say3 ,v s]viceable inde$ has ?is my raft be5 to me4 ,support$ by ?is raft & work+ ) h&s & feet1 ,i am safely cross$ to ?is o!r %ore2 h[ n[ if ,i lift ! raft up on my head or lay x ^u my %\ld]1 & s proce$ :i!rsoev] ,i wi%6 ,:at ?9k ye1 ,o monks8 ,s do+1 w\ld ?is man be act+ rightly z reg>ds 8 raft8 8,nay1 v]ily1 ,o ,"l6 8,& :at !n ought ?is man to d if he w\ld act rightly z reg>ds ! raft8 ,?us1 ,o monks1 ought ! man to consid]3 ,truly ?is raft has be5 s]viceable to me6 ,support$ by ?is raft & ex]t+ h&s & feet1 ,i am cross$ 9 safety to ?is fur!r %ore4 ,h[ n[ if ,i lay ?is raft up on ! bank or leave x to s9k 9 ! wat] & s proce$ ^u my j\rney8 ,s do+1 ,o monks1 ! man w\ld be act+ rightly z reg>ds 8 raft4 8,9 l mann] also d ,i tea* my doctr9e to y 9 ! simile ( a raft1 :i* is meant1 ,o monks1 = escape & n = ret5tion4 ,und]/&+ ! simile ( ! raft1 ,o monks1 y mu/ leave dh>mas beh9d1 h[ mu* m un-dh>mas60f#gj ,! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha may n[ be summ$ up z foll[s3 ,see+ ?+s ?us or 8ya?bhtam0 is ! same z ! atta9m5t ( p]fect spiritual fre$om2 or we may say t :5 we are deta*$ f evil passions bas$ ^u ! wrong idea ( selfhood & :5 ! he>t gr[s consci\s ( its own emancipation1 we are !n = ! fir/ "t fully awak5$ to ! tru? z x really is4 ,^! two ev5ts1 see+ & be+ fre$1 are mutually dep5d5t1 s intimately t ! "o )\t ! o!r is un?9kable1 is impossible2 9 fact !y are two aspects ( "o id5tical exp]i5ce1 sep>at$ only 9 our limit$ cognition4 ,pa )\t jhna is no pa1 & jhna )\t pa is no jhna4 ,enlight5m5t is ! t]m designat+ ! id5tification-exp]i5ce ( pa & jhna1 ( see+ 8ya?bhtam0 & ab&on+ ! dh>ma-raft ( e d5om9ation4 ,9 ?is light %\ld ! foll[+ be und]/ood3 8,!re=e1 ,o monks1 :atev] ( matt] 7or body1 rpa7 !re is1 :e!r ( ! pa/1 ( ! future1 or ( ! pres5t "t1 :e!r int]nal or ext]nal1 :e!r co>se or f9e1 mean or exalt$1 f> or ne>1 all matt] 7or body7 is to be reg>d$ z x really is1 9 ! light ( p]fect k 7sammpa71 ?us3 #8,?is is n ( me1' #8,?is am ,i n1' #8,?is is n my ,self4' ,s ) ! re/ ( ! five aggregates 7khaa73 v$an 7s5sations71 sa 7concepts71 sankhra 7=mative pr9ciple71 & vina 7consci\sness74 ,"o :o ?us see+ ! _w turns away f ! _w is truly fre$ f evil passions & has ! consci\sness ( fre$om4 ,su* is call$ "o :o has ! ob/acles remov$1 tr5*es fill$1 "o :o has de/roy$1 is free1 "o ^: fight is ov]1 :o has laid d[n 8 burd51 & is deta*$40f#ga ,9 %ort1 he has e quality ( ! ,enlight5$1 9 :om ! w & ! intellect are h>moni\sly bl5d$4 ,,vi ,ignorance is dep>ture f home & ,enlight5m5t is return+4 ,:ile w&]+ we lead a life full ( pa9 & suff]+ & ! _w :]e9 we f9d ourselves is n a v desirable habitat4 ,?is is h[ev] put a /op to by ,enlight5m5t z ?us we are enabl$ once m to get settl$ at home :]e reign fre$om & peace4 ,! w negates itself 9 its attempt to get an insight into its own life1 & dualism foll[s4 ,consci\sness _c transc5d its own pr9ciple4 ,! w /ruggles & gr[s despond5t ov] its "w4 8,:y80--! intellect asks1 b x is ! "q no human intellect c ev] hope to solve2 = x is a my/]y deeply inh]5t 9 ! w4 ,:y did ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r h to s5d 8 only *ild to r$eem ! creation :i* 0 8 own h&iwork & yet w5t fur!r a/ray f its home8 ,:y _h ,*ri/ to be s deject$ ov] ! de/9y ( ! err+ *ildr5 ( ,god8 ,?is is an et]nal my/]y1 & no relative und]/&+ is made to grapple ) ^! que/ions4 ,b ! v fact t su* que/ions are rais$ & con/antly ?reat5 "o's spiritual peace %[s t !y are n idle metaphysical problems to be solv$ by pr(essional philosoph]s1 b t !y are address$ directly to "o's inmo/ s\l1 :i* mu/ /ruggle & make ef=t to subdue !m by a high] & deep] p[] native to itself--f> high] & deep] ?an m]e dialectic ( cognition4 ,! /ory ( ! prodigal sonf#gb is su* a fav\rite !me bo? = ,buddhi/s & ,*ri/ians1 & 9 ?is d we n discov] some?+ et]nally true1 ?\gh tragic & unfa?omable1 :i* lies s deep 9 e human he>t8 ,:atev] ?is may be1 ! w f9ally succe$s 9 recognis+ itself1 9 gett+ back to its orig9al abode4 ,! s5se ( peace "o f9ds 9 ,enlight5m5t is inde$ t ( a w&]] gett+ safely home4 ,! w&]+ seems to h altoge!r be5 unnecess>y f ! logical po9t ( view4 ,:at is ! use ( los+ oneself if "o has to f9d oneself aga98 ,:at boots x aft] all--?is go+ ov] f "o to t5 & f t5 to "o8 ,ma!matically1 all ?is is nons5sical4 ,b ! spiritual my/]y is t return+ is n m]ely c\nt+ backw>ds s _m figures t 7 c\nt$ be=e 9 a rev]se way4 ,!re is an imm5se diff]5ce "h betwe5 physics & psy*ology4 ,aft] return+ "o is no long] ! same p]son z be=e4 ,! w1 back f 8 excursion ?r\gh "t-consci\sness1 is ,god himself4 ,9 ! ,vajrasamdhi ,stra1#c4d ,bodhisattva ,aprati/hita#c4e asks ! ,buddha :y ! fa!r 0 s unk9d z n to recall 8 w&]+ son be=e fifty ye>s expir$1 to :i* ! ,buddha answ]s1 8,fifty ye>s is n to be und]/ood z indicat+ "t-relation "h2 x means ! awak5+ ( a ?\ght40 ,z ,i w\ld int]pret1 ?is means ! awak5+ ( consci\sness--a split 9 ! w1 :i* n[1 besides be+ actor1 is kn[]4 ,! kn[]1 h[ev]1 gradually gr[s to be ! spectator & critic1 & ev5 aspires to be ! director & rul]4 ,) ?is arises ! trag$y ( life1 :i* ! ,buddha makes ! basis ( ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru?4 ,t pa9 7dukha7 is life itself z x is liv$ by mo/ ( u1 is ! pla91 undisguis$ /atem5t ( facts4 ,?is all comes f ,ignorance1 f our consci\sness n be+ fully enlight5$ z to its nature1 mission1 & function 9 relation to ! w4 ,consci\sness mu/ fir/ be r$uc$ to ! w :5 x beg9s to "w out its 8orig9al v[s0 7prvapraidhna7 9 ob$i5ce to its true ma/]4 8,! awak5+ ( a ?\ght0 m>ks ! beg9n+ ( ,ignorance & is its condition4 ,:5 ?is is vanqui%$1 8a ?\ght0 is r$uc$ to ! w1 :i* is ,enlight5m5t4 ,enlight5m5t is !re=e return+4 ,9 ?is respect ,*ri/ianity is m symbolic ?an ,buddhism4 ,! /ory ( ,creation1 ! ,fall f ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 ,god's s5d+ ,*ri/ to comp5sate = ! ance/ral s9s1 8 ,crucifixion1 & ,resurrection--!y are all symbolic4 ,to be m explicit1 ,creation is ! awak5+ ( consci\sness1 or ! 8awak5+ ( a ?\ght02 ! ,fall is consci\sness go+ a/ray f ! orig9al pa?2 ,god's idea ( s5d+ 8 own son among u is ! desire ( ! w to see itself ?r\gh its own (fspr+1 consci\sness2 ,crucifixion is transc5d+ ! dualism ( act+ & kn[+1 :i* comes f ! awak5+ ( ! intellect2 & f9ally ,resurrection means ! w's triumph ov] ! intellect1 9 o!r words1 ! w see+ itself 9 & ?r\gh consci\sness4 ,aft] ,resurrection ! w is no m bl9d /riv+1 nor is ! intellect m]e obs]v+ ! danc] dance4 ,9 real ,buddhi/ life ^! two are n sep>at$1 see+ & act+1 !y are syn!sis$ 9 "o :ole spiritual life1 & ?is syn!sis is call$ by ,buddhi/s ,enlight5m5t1 ! dispell+ ( ,ignorance1 ! loos5+ ( ! ,fett]s1 ! wip+-(f ( ! ,defilem5ts1 etc4 ,buddhism is ?us free f ! hi/orical symbolism ( ,*ri/ianity2 transc5d+ ! category ( "t4 ,buddhism attempts to a*ieve salvation 9 "o act ( ! w2 = return+ effaces all ! traces ( "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,buddha himself gave utt]ance to ! feel+ ( return :5 8 eye fir/ op5$ to ! ,dh>ma unhe>d ( be=e at ! realisation ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,he said3 8,i am l a w&]] :o1 aft] go+ a/ray 9 a desolate wild]ness1 f9ally discov]s an old highway1 an old track beat5 by 8 pr$ecessors1 & :o f9ds1 z he goes along ! road1 ! villages1 palaces1 g>d5s1 woods1 lotus-ponds1 walls1 & _m o!r ?+s :]e 8 pr$ecessors us$ to h _! dwell+s40f#gc ,sup]ficially1 ?is feel+ ( return+ to an old famili> abode seems to contradict ! /atem5t made conc]n+ 8an insight to ?+s nev] be=e pres5t$ to "o's m9d02 b ! contradiction is logical & n spiritual4 ,z long z ! ,buddha 0 go+ ov] ! ,*a9 ( ,orig9ation f ! epi/emological po9t ( view1 t is1 z long z he attempt$ to get back to 8 native w ?r\gh ! *annel ( empirical consci\sness1 he c\ld n accompli% 8 end4 ,x 0 only :5 he broke ?r\gh ! wall ( ,ignorance by ! %e] =ce ( 8 w t he c\ld tread ! anci5t pa?4 ,! pa? 0 altoge!r unrecognisable by 8 intellig5t eye :i* 0 "o ( ! be/ ( ! k9d2 ev5 ! ,buddha c\ld n ignore ! law gov]n+ its usage2 ! ,*a9 0 n to be cut asund] by m]ely reckon+ its l9ks ( cause & effect backw>d & =w>d4 ,k1 t is1 ,ignorance drove ,adam f ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 to ! _w ( pa9 & pati5ce 7sahaloka71 b x 0 n k t w\ld reconcile him to 8 ,fa!r1 x 0 ! ,w dispell+ ,ignorance & u%]+ ,enlight5m5t4 ,! s5se ( return or t ( recognis+ old acqua9tances "o exp]i5ces at ! "t ( ,enlight5m5t is a famili> fact to /ud5ts ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,to cite "o in/ance1 ,*ih-,i 7#ecj-eig7c4f :o is g5]ally kn[n by 8 honor>y title z ,*ih-* ,tai-%ih1#c4g 0 ! f\nd] ( ! ,t#8i5-tai s*ool ( ,buddhi/ philosophy 9 ,*9a4 ,he 0 also tra9$ 9 m$itation by 8 tea*] ,hui-sz 7#eac-egg7c4h & ?\gh n belong+ to ! or?odox l9eage ( ! ,z5 ma/]s1 he is reckon$ z "o4 ,:5 he came to ! ma/]1 he 0 set to ex]cise himself 9 a ,samadhi kn[n z 8,fa-hua ,san-mei0 7saddh>ma-puarka-samdhi74#c4i ,:ile ex]cis+ himself 9 x1 he came across a c]ta9 passage 9 ! ,sutra1 & 8 m9d 0 op5$1 & he at once realis$ ! /atem5t ref]r$ to by 8 ma/]1 :i* 0 ?is--t he ) ! ma/] p]sonally att5d$ ! ,buddha's congregation at ! ,vulture ,peak :]e ! ,buddha disc\rs$ on ! ,sutra4 ,!n said ! ma/]1 8,if n = y no "o c\ld see ! tru?3 & if n = me no "o c\ld te/ify x40 ,x is (t5 rem>k$ by ,z5 ma/]s t ! holy congregation at ! ,vulture ,peak is /ill 9 session4 ,?is h[ev] ought n to be conf\nd$ ) ! rememb]+ ( ! pa/ :i* is "o ( ! miracul\s gifts ( ! ,buddhi/ sa9ts4 ,x has no?+ to d ) su* memory1 = 9 ,enlight5m5t !re are m ?+s ?an are impli$ 9 m]e "t-relations4 ,ev5 :5 ! ,prajpramit-stras expressly ref] to "o's previ\s pres5ce at ! disc\rse on ! subject1 ?is is n a =m ( m]e recollection2 ! und]/&+ is n a psy*ological ph5om5on1 ! praj goes mu* p5etrat+ly into ! dep?s ( "o's p]sonality4 ,! s5se ( return to some?+ famili>1 to ! "o ?or\ghly acqua9t$ )1 really means ! w gett+ settl$ once m 9 its old abode1 aft] _m a v5turesome w&]+1 ) an imm5se treasure ( exp]i5ce n[ & full ( wisdom t w light up its un5d+ c>e]4 ,,vii ,x may n be altoge!r out ( place "h to make a few rem>ks conc]n+ ! popul> view :i* id5tifies ! philosophy ( ,s*op5hau] ) ,buddhism4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 ! ,buddha is suppos$ to h taught ! negation ( ! w to live1 :i* 0 insi/$ ^u by ! ,g]man pessimi/1 b no?+ is fur!r f ! correct und]/&+ ( ,buddhism ?an ?is negativism4 ,! ,buddha does n consid] ! w bl9d1 irrational1 & !re=e to be d5i$2 :at he really d5ies is ! notion ( ego-entity due to ,ignorance1 f :i* notion come crav+1 atta*m5t to ?+s imp]man5t1 & ! giv+ way to ! egoti/ic impulses4 ,! object ! ,buddha always has 9 view & nev] =gets to set =? :5ev] he ?9ks opportune1 is ! ,enlight5m5t ( ! w & n its negation4 ,8 tea*+ is bas$ ^u affirmative propositions4 ,! reason :y he does n c\nt5ance life z x is liv$ by mo/ ( u is because x is ! product ( ,ignorance & egoism1 :i* nev] fail to ?r[ u into ! abyss ( pa9 & mis]y4 ,! ,buddha po9t$ ! way to escape ?is by ,enlight5m5t & n by annihilation4 ,! w z x is 9 itself is pure act1 & no ta9t ( egotism is !re2 ?is is awak5$ only :5 ! intellect ?r\gh its own error gr[s bl9d z to ! true work+ ( ! w & falsely recognises "h ! pr9ciple ( individuation4 ,! ,buddha ?us wants an illum9$ w & n ! negation ( x4 ,:5 ! w is illum9$1 & !reby :5 ! intellect is prop]ly direct$ to foll[ its orig9al c\rse1 we are lib]at$ f ! fett]s :i* are put ^u u by wrong und]/&+1 & purifi$ ( all ! defilem5ts :i* ooze f ! w n be+ correctly int]pret$4 ,enlight5m5t & emancipation are ! two c5tral ideas ( ,buddhism4 ,! argum5t ,avagho%a puts into ! m\? ( ! ,buddha aga9/ ,arada 7or lra ,klma71 ! ,samkhya philosoph]1 is illum9at+ 9 ?is respect4 ,:5 ,arada told ! ,buddha to lib]ate ! s\l f ! body z :5 ! bird flies f ! cage or ! re$'s /alk is loos5$ f its %ea?1 :i* w result 9 ! ab&onm5t ( egoism1 ! ,buddha reasons 9 ! foll[+ way3 8,z long z ! s\l cont9ues !re is no ab&onm5t ( egoism4 ,! s\l does n become free f qualities z long z x is n releas$ f numb] & ! re/2 !re=e1 z long z !re is no fre$om f qualities1 !re is no lib]ation decl>$ = x4 ,!re is no real sep>ation ( ! qualities & _! subject2 = fire _c be conceiv$ ap>t f its =m & heat4 ,be=e ! body !re w be no?+ embodi$1 s be=e ! qualities !re w be no subject2 h[1 if x 0 orig9ally free1 c\ld ! s\l ev] become b\nd8 ,! body-kn[] 7! s\l7 :i* is unembodi$1 mu/ be ei!r kn[+ or unkn[+2 if x is kn[+1 !re mu/ be "s object to be kn[n1 & if !re is ?is object1 x is n lib]at$4 ,or if ! s\l be decl>$ to be unkn[+1 !n :at use to y is ?is imag9$ s\l8 ,ev5 )\t su* a s\l1 ! exi/5ce ( ! abs5ce ( k is notori\s z1 = in/ance1 9 a log ( wood or a wall4 ,& s9ce ea* successive ab&onm5t is held to be /ill accompani$ by qualities1 ,i ma9ta9 t ! absolute atta9m5t ( our end c only be f\nd 9 ! ab&onm5t ( ev]y?+40f#gd ,z long z ! duali/ic conception is ma9ta9$ 9 reg>d to ! lib]ation ( ! s\l1 !re w be no real fre$om z is truly decl>$ by ! ,buddha4 8,! ab&onm5t ( ev]y?+0 means ! transc5d+ ( ! dualism ( s\l & body1 ( subject & object1 ( t :i* kn[s & t :i* is kn[n1 ( 8x is0 & 8x is n10 ( s\l & s\l-lessness2 & ?is transc5d+ is n atta9$ by m]ely negat+ ! s\l or ! w1 b by ?r[+ light ^u its nature1 by realis+ x z x is 9 itself4 ,?is is ! act ( ! w4 ,an intellectual contemplation :i* is advocat$ by ! ,samkhya philosoph]s does n lead "o to spiritual fre$om1 b to ! realm ( passivity :i* is _! 8realm ( no?+ness40 ,buddhism tea*es fre$om & n annihilation1 x advocates spiritual discipl9e & n m5tal torpor or empt9ess4 ,!re mu/ be a c]ta9 turn+ away 9 "o's ord9>y c\rse ( life1 !re mu/ be a c]ta9 op5+ up ( a new vi/a 9 "o's spiritual outlook if "o wants to be ! true foll[] ( ! ,buddha4 ,8 av]sion to asceticism & nihilism z well z to h$onism becomes intelligible :5 se5 9 ?is light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,majjhima-,nikya's acc\nt ( ! ,buddha's int]view ) ! ,samkhya ?9k]s some:at diff]s f ! ,mahayana poet's1 b 9 a way gives a bett] support to my argum5t z reg>ds ! ,buddha's ,enlight5m5t4 ,! reason :y he 0 n satisfi$ ) ! tea*+ & discipl9e ( lra ,klma & ,uddaka is /at$ to be ?is3 8,?is doctr9e does n lead to turn+ away1 to dispassion1 to cessation1 to quietude1 to p]fect p5etration1 to supreme awak5+1 to ,nirvana1 b only to atta9m5t to ! ,realm ( ,no?+ness40 ,:at did !n ! ,buddha und]/& by ,nirvana :i* lit]ally means annihilation or cessation1 b :i* is gr\p$ "h ) su* t]ms z awak5+1 turn+ away 7t is1 revaluation71 & p5etration1 & contra/$ to no?+ness8 ,!re is no d\bt1 z f> z we c judge f ^! qualifications1 t ,nirvana is a positive conception po9t+ to a c]ta9 det]m9able exp]i5ce4 ,:5 he came up to ! bank ( ! ,nairajan & took 8 seat ( s(t grass on a %ady1 peaceful spot1 he made up 8 m9d n to leave ! place until he realis$ 9 himself :at he _h be5 aft] ev] s9ce 8 w&]+ away f home4 ,accord+ to ! ,lalita-vi/>a1 he at t mom5t made ?is v[ 7praidhna73 8,let my body be dri$ up on ?is seat1 ,let my sk9 & bones & fle% be de/roy$3 ,s long z ,bodhi is n atta9$1 s h>d to atta9 = _m a kalpa1 ,my body & ?\ght w n be remov$ f ?is seat40f#ge ,?us resolv$1 ! ,buddha f9ally came to realise ,supreme ,enlight5m5t = :i* he _h belab\r$ = ev] s _m lives4 ,h[ does ?is v>y f 8 =m] atta9m5ts "u ,uddaka & lra ,klma8 ,let him express himself3 8,!n1 disciples1 myself subject to bir?1 b p]ceiv+ ! wret*$ness ( ?+s subject to bir? & seek+ aft] ! incomp>able security ( ,nirvana :i* is bir?less1 to t incomp>able security ,i atta9$1 ev5 to ,nirvana :i* is bir?less4 8,myself subject to gr[? & decay1 b p]ceiv+ ! wret*$ness ( ?+s subject to gr[? & decay & seek+ aft] ! incomp>able security ( ,nirvana :i* is free f gr[? & decay1 to t incomp>able security ,i atta9$1 ev5 to ,nirvana :i* is free f gr[? & decay4 8,myself subject to disease1 b p]ceiv+ ! wret*$ness ( ?+s subject to disease & seek+ aft] ! incomp>able security ( ,nirvana :i* is free f disease1 to t incomp>able security ,i atta9$1 ev5 to ,nirvana :i* is free f disease4 8,myself subject to dea?1 b p]ceiv+ ! wret*$ness ( ?+s subject to dea? & seek+ aft] ! incomp>able security ( ,nirvana :i* is dea?less1 to t incomp>able security ,i atta9$1 ev5 to ,nirvana :i* is dea?less4 8,myself subject to sorr[1 b p]ceiv+ ! wret*$ness ( ?+s subject to sorr[ & seek+ aft] ! incomp>able security ( ,nirvana :i* is sorr[less1 to t incomp>able security ,i atta9$1 ev5 to ,nirvana :i* is sorr[less4 8,myself subject to /a91 b p]ceiv+ ! wret*$ness ( ?+s subject to /a9 & seek+ ! incomp>able security ( ,nirvana :i* is /a9less1 to t incomp>able security ,i atta9$1 ev5 to ,nirvana :i* is /a9less4 8,!n ,i saw & knew3 #8,assur$ am ,i ( deliv]ance2 ?is is my f9al bir?2 nev] m %all ,i return to ?is life6'0f#gf ,:5 ,nirvana is qualifi$ z bir?less1 dea?less1 /a9less1 sorr[less1 & free f gr[? & decay & disease1 x looks negativi/ic en\gh4 ,b if !re 7 no?+ affirm$ ev5 9 ^! negations1 ! ,buddha c\ld n re/ 9 8! incomp>able security0 7anutt>a yogakkhema7 ( ,nirvana & be5 assur$ ( f9al emancipation4 ,:at ?us ! ,buddha d5i$1 we c see1 0 ,ignorance z to ! true cause ( bir? & dea?1 & ?is ,ignorance 0 dispell$ by ! supreme ef=t ( ! w & n by m]e dialectic reason+ & contemplation4 ,! w 0 ass]t$ & ! intellect 0 awak5$ to its true significance4 ,all ! desires1 feel+s1 ?\ghts1 & /riv+s ?us illum9at$ cease to be egoti/ic & are no m ! cause ( defilem5ts & fett]s & _m o!r h9drances1 ( :i* s _m are ref]r$ to 9 all ,buddhi/ lit]ature1 ,mahayana & ,h9ayana4 ,9 ?is s5se ! ,buddha is ! ,j9a1 ,conqu]or1 n an empty conqu]or ov] no?+ness1 b ! conqu]or ( confusion1 d>kness1 & ,ignorance4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,z5 ,,buddhism ,,f ,,bodhi-,,dh>ma ,,to ,,hui-,,n5g 7,,y5o7 7#ebj ,a4,d4-#gac ,a4,d47 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,z5 ,,buddhism ,,f ,,bodhi-,,dh>ma ,,to ,,hui-,,n5g 7,,y5o7 7#ebj ,a4,d4-#gac ,a4,d47 ,my int5tion "h is n to make a ?or\ghly critical & sci5tific /udy ( ! hi/ory ( ,z5 ,buddhism2 = ?is presupposes "s k ( ! developm5t ( ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 & !re are1 z f> z my k ext5ds1 no text-books on ! subject1 :i* are accessible to read]s ( ?is book4 ,! ma9 object ( ! pres5t ,essay w !re=e be to acqua9t !m fir/ ) ! traditional hi/ory ( ,z5 z x is told by its foll[]s bo? 9 ,japan & ,*9a4 ,its critical inve/igation w foll[ :5 read]s are 9 a degree prep>$ = ! task4 ,! traditional orig9 ( ,z5 9 ,india be=e its introduction into ,*9a1 :i* is record$ 9 ,z5 lit]ature1 is s mix$ ) leg5ds t no reliable facts c be ga!r$ f x4 ,9 ! days :5 !re 0 yet no critical /udy ( any?+ & :5 ?+s1 especially relat+ to religion1 7 believ$ 9 a :olesale mann]1 we c\ld n expect any?+ else4 ,x may n[ be too late to try to unravel ! my/]ies envelop+ ! orig9 ( ,z5 9 ,india except 9 a g5]al & logical way f ! hi/orical facts already kn[n conc]n+ ! developm5t ( ,mahayana ,buddhism4 ,9 fact1 ,z5 ,buddhism1 z 0 already discuss$1 is ! product ( ! ,*9ese m9d1 or r ! ,*9ese elaboration ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,!re=e1 :5 we want to n>rate ! hi/ory ( ,z51 x may be bett] 9 "s respects n to g to ,india1 b to /ay 9 ,*9a & /udy ! psy*ology & philosophy ( h] p & ! surr\nd+ conditions t made x possible = ,z5 to a*ieve a successful gr[? 9 ! l& ( ! cele/ials1 always rememb]+ t x is a practical int]pretation ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,"s s*ol>s may h[ev] object to ?is k9d ( treatm5t ( ! subject1 on ! gr\nd t if ,z5 is at all a =m ( ,buddhism or ev5 ! ess5ce ( x z is claim$ by its foll[]s1 x _c be sep>at$ f ! g5]al hi/ory ( ,buddhism 9 ,india4 ,?is is q true1 b z f> z facts are conc]n$1 ,z5 z su* did n exi/ 9 ,india1 t is1 9 ! =m z we h x to-day2 & !re=e :5 we try to g beyond ,*9a to trace its orig9 & developm5t1 ! only way op5 to u w be ! "o ,i h foll[$ 9 my previ\s ,essays collect$ "h4 ,t is to say1 we mu/ consid] ,z5 ! ,*9ese int]pretation ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t1 :i* is exp\nd$ 9 all ,buddhi/ lit]ature1 mo/ int5sively 9 ! ,mahayana & m or less provision>ily 9 ! ,h9ayana4 ,z "t w5t on1 ?is doctr9e /eadily grew to occupy ! m9ds ( ! ,buddha's foll[]s & to control ! c\rse ( developm5t ( ,buddhi/ ?\ght g5]ally2 = 0 x n ?r\gh ,enlight5m5t t ,gautama became ! ,buddha1 ! ,enlight5$ ,"o8 & is x n ! object ( ,buddhism to foll[ ! foot/eps ( its f\nd] 9 ! atta9m5t ( f9al emancipation8 ,b ! ,*9ese adh]5ts ( ,bodhismf#gg or ! uphold]s ( ,enlight5m5t did n wi% to swall[ ,indian ,buddhism undige/$4 ,! practical imag9ation ( ! ,*9ese p came ?us to create ,z51 & develop$ x to ! be/ ( _! abilities to suit _! own religi\s requirem5ts4 ,:5 we comp>e ,z5 z a f9i%$ product to ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t z ! latt] began to unfold itself 9 primitive ,buddhism1 we f9d a wide & seem+ly impassable gap betwe5 ! two4 ,?is 0 h[ev] naturally to be expect$4 ,let u consid] ! foll[+ facts4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ! ,buddha 0 some:at timid to disclose ! entire secrets ( ! reason ( ,buddhahood1 ?9k+ t 8 disciples 7 n q capable ( foll[+ e /ep he _h tak5 himself4 ,! feel+ he fir/ _h aft] ,enlight5m5t gov]n$ him almo/ ?r\gh\t ! entire c\rse ( 8 e>?ly life4 ,x 0 ?is1 t ! ,p]fect ,supreme ,enlight5m5t atta9$ by him 0 too exalt$ an object = s5ti5t be+s to /rive aft]1 & t ev5 :5 x 7 disclos$ to !m !y w\ld n fully compreh5d x b might defile x to _! own dem]it4 ,did he n ev5 ?9k ( pass+ into ,nirvana "r aft] ,enlight5m5t8 ,8 :ole life1 9 spite ( ! advice ( ! ,brahmadeva1 seems to h be5 controll$ by ?is feel+--! reluctance to reveal ! entirety ( 8 inmo/ self-realisation 7pratytmajna1 accord+ to ! t]m9ology ( ! ,lakvatra74 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! ,buddha himself might h communicat$ :at he realis$ to all 8 disciples unres]v$ly1 b ! impression we get f ! ,agama or ,nikaya lit]ature is t he 0 actually reluctant to d s4 ,at lea/ ?is 0 ! way ! e>li] writ]s ( ! canonical books attempt$ to repres5t _! ma/] :atev] _! motives might be4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ! idea ( ,enlight5m5t 0 n br\ght =w>d s fully & conspicu\sly 9 ,h9ayana lit]ature z at once to comm& our att5tion4 ,b z ,i po9t$ out1 ?is idea lies only sup]ficially buri$ among ! o!r & less important ideas1 & c easily be made manife/ by logically & psy*ologically foll[+ up ! c\rse ( ev5ts relat$ 9 ! canonical writ+s conc]n+ ! ,enlight5m5t ( ! ,buddha4 ,! e>li] writ]s conceiv$ ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru? or ! ,twelvefold ,*a9 ( ,causation1 or ! ,eightfold ,pa? ( ,righte\sness to be ! c5tral tea*+ ( ,buddhism1 :i* also includ$ on ! psy*ological side ! !ory ( non-ego 7antman74 ,b :5 we reflect1 bo? philosophically & f ! ,z5 po9t ( view1 on ! life ( ! ,buddha & on ! ultimate pr9ciple ( ,buddhahood1 we _c help ?9k+ ( 8 ,enlight5m5t z ! mo/ significant & mo/ ess5tial & mo/ fruitful "p ( ,buddhism4 ,!re=e1 :at ! ,buddha really wi%$ to imp>t to 8 disciples mu/ be said to h be5 ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t 9 spite ( ! ,h9ayani/ic int]pretation or und]/&+ ( :at is kn[n z primitive ,buddhism4 ,b z long z ,buddhism fl\ri%$ 9 ,india1 ?is its c5tral idea rema9$ :at x 01 t is1 su* z is develop$ 9 mo/ ( ! ,mahayana ,sutras4 ,x 0 only aft] ,bodhi-,dh>ma :o br\ght x to ,*9a t ! idea took root !re & grew up to :at we designate n[ specifically z ! ,z5 s*ool ( ,buddhism4 ,! hi/ory ( ,z51 !re=e1 prop]ly speak+ or 9 its n>r[] s5se1 may be/ be reg>d$ z beg9n+ 9 ,*9a4 ,! ,indian soil 0 too metaphysical1 too ri* 9 romantic imag9ation = ,z5 to gr[ z su* 9 its pure =m4 ,:ile ! atta9m5t ( ,buddhahood or ,arhat%ip 0 ! ultimate goal ( 8 tea*+1 ! ,buddha 0 practical & always close to ! facts ( life & insi/$ 9 8 ord9>y s]mons on a life regulat$ by moral rules4 ,nor _h he any desire to disclose intellectually or metaphysically ! cont5t ( ,enlight5m5t :i* mu/ be exp]i5c$ b _c be expla9$4 ,he nev] neglect$ to emphasise ! significance ( self-realisation1 = ,nirvana or ,enlight5m5t 0 to be atta9$ p]sonally ?r\gh "o's own ef=ts 9 "o's own inn] consci\sness4 ,! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru? or ! ,twelvefold ,*a9 ( ,causation or ! ,!ory ( ,non-ego 0 an intellectual guide to ! realisation ( ! ,buddhi/ life4 ,su* tea*+ c\ld n h any practical mean+ except z f9ally lead+ to ,enlight5m5t4 ,! ,buddha nev] ?\ght t 8 foll[]s w\ld come to lay ! entire /ress ( 8 tea*+ on ^! intellectual /ructures :i* c\ld n /& by !mselves )\t be+ support$ by an inn] _s4 ,! ,eightfold ,pa? ( ,righte\sness 0 an e?ical guide to ,enlight5m5t1 & z su* x 0 reg>d$ by ! ,buddha4 ,^? :o h no high] insight into 8 tea*+ ?an read+ a moral signification 9 x1 take x = a k9d ( e?ical culture & no m4 ,!y ?9k t ,buddhism is a positivism z philosophy & its ,bro!rhood 7sagha7 a body ( moral ascetics4 ,!y praise ! ,buddha z ! orig9ator ( a sci5tific religi\s sy/em free f spirituali/ic sup]/itions :i* s frequ5tly & abundantly gr[ ar\nd religion4 ,b we "k bett] because ^! comm5ts are n 9 full accord ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha1 = !y only reflect "o side ( x & fail to take an inn] & compreh5sive view ( ! :ole field4 ,if ^! critics took up ! practise ( dhyana z con/itut+ ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism along ) ! above consid]ations1 !y may be said to h come ne>] to ! goal2 b ev5 ?is dhyana is a =m ( spiritual ex]cise :i* w prep>e ! way to ! f9al realisation ( ,nirvana4 ,dhyana 9 itself does n di/+ui% ,buddhism f ! o!r philosophico-religi\s sy/ems :i* exi/$ 9 ,india 9 ! day ( ! ,buddha4 ,!re=e1 to und]/& ,z5 z express+ ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t :i* is ! reason ( ,buddhism1 we mu/ wait = ! rise ( ! ,mahayana movem5ts4 ,& :5 ?is 0 introduc$ into ,*9a by ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 x grew up to :at we n[ "k by ! "n ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,i ,! leg5d>y /ory ( ! orig9 ( ,z5 9 ,india runs z foll[s3 kyamuni 0 once engag$ at ! ,m\nt ( ! ,holy ,vulture 9 prea*+ to a congregation ( 8 disciples4 ,he did n resort to any l5g?y v]bal disc\rse to expla9 8 po9t1 b simply lift$ a b\quet ( fl[]s be=e ! assemblage1 :i* 0 pres5t$ to him by "o ( 8 lay-disciples4 ,n a ^w came out ( 8 m\?4 ,nobody und]/ood ! mean+ ( ?is except ! old v5]able ,mahkyapa1 :o quietly smil$ at ! ,ma/]1 z if he fully compreh5d$ ! purport ( ?is sil5t b eloqu5t tea*+ on ! "p ( ! ,enlight5$ ,"o4 ,! latt] p]ceiv+ ?is op5$ 8 gold5-tongu$ m\? & proclaim$ solemnly3 8,i h ! mo/ preci\s treasure1 spiritual & transc5d5tal1 :i* ?is mom5t ,i h& ov] to y1 ,o v5]able ,mahkyapa60#d4a ,or?odox ,z5 foll[]s g5]ally bl9dly take ?is incid5t to be ! orig9 ( _! doctr9e1 9 :i*1 accord+ to !m1 is disclos$ ! inmo/ m9d ( ! ,buddha z well z ! secret ( ! religion4 ,z ,z5 claims to be ! inmo/ ess5ce ( ,buddhism & to h be5 directly transmitt$ by ! ,buddha to 8 greate/ disciple1 ,mahkyapa1 its foll[]s naturally look = ! p>ticul> occasion :5 ?is transmission took place betwe5 ! ma/] & ! disciple4 ,we "k 9 a g5]al way t ,mahkyapa succe$$ ! ,buddha z ! lead] ( ! ,fai?1 b z to 8 special transmission ( ,z51 we h no hi/orical records 9 ! ,indian ,buddhi/ writ+s at pres5t 9 our possession4 ,?is fact is h[ev] specially m5tion$ = ! fir/ "t z f> z we "k 9 a ,*9ese ,z5 hi/ory call$ ,! ,records ( ! ,spread ( ! ,lamp1#d4b compil$ by ,li ,tsun-hs1 9 #ajbi1 & also 9 ,! ,acc\nts ( ! ,or?odox ,transmission ( ! ,dh>ma compil$ by ,*#8i-sung 9 #ajfd1d4c :]e ?is incid5t is only ref]r$ to z n q an au!ntic "o hi/orically4 ,9 ,! ,records ( ! ,transmission ( ! ,lamp1#d4d writt5 9 #ajjd1 :i* is ! e>lie/ ,z5 hi/ory n[ extant1 ! au?or does n record any p>ticul> ev5t 9 ! life ( ! ,buddha reg>d+ ! ,z5 transmission4 ,z all ! e>li] hi/ories ( ,z5 are lo/1 we h at pres5t no means to asc]ta9 h[ e>ly ! ,z5 tradition />t$ 9 ,*9a4 ,probably x began to be talk$ ab\t among ! ,z5 foll[]s :5 _! religion _h be5 well e/abli%$ 9 ,*9a late 9 ! eigh? c5tury4 ,9 ^? days !re mu/ h be5 "s necessity to inv5t su* a leg5d = ! au?orisation ( ,z5 ,buddhism2 = z ,z5 grew 9 /r5g? ! o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism already 9 exi/5ce grew jeal\s ( its popul> influ5ce & attack$ x z hav+ no au?oris$ records ( its direct transmission f ! f\nd] ( ,buddhism1 :i* 0 claim$ by ! devotees ( ,z54 ,?is 0 ! case especially :5 ! latt] made s light ( ! doctr9al tea*+ discuss$ 9 ! ,sutras & a/ras1 z !y ?\ght t ! ultimate au?ority ( ,z5 issu$ out ( _! own direct p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,9 ?is latt] !y 7 q insi/5t2 b !y 7 n1 nor c\ld !y be1 s critical & indep5d5t z to ignore altoge!r ! au?ority ( hi/orical ,buddhism1 & !y want$ someh[ to f9d ! record t ! ,buddha h&$ ,z5 ov] to ,mahkyapa & f ,mahkyapa on to ! tw5ty-eigh? patri>*1 ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 :o became ! fir/ patri>* ( ,z5 9 ,*9a4 ,a l9e ( tw5ty-eight ,indian patri>*s ?us came to be e/abli%$ by ,z5 hi/orians1 :ile1 accord+ to o!r s*ools1 !re 7 only tw5ty-?ree or tw5ty-f\r patri>*s aft] ! f\nd]4 ,:5 ! hi/orians _h ! ne$ = ! special transmission ( ,z5 f ! ,buddha to ,mahkyapa1 !y felt x necess>y to fill up ! gap betwe5 ! tw5ty-?ird or tw5ty-f\r? patri>* & ,bodhi-,dh>ma himself1 :o accord+ to !m 0 ! tw5ty-eigh?4 ,f ! mod]n critical po9t ( view1 x did n matt] v mu* :e!r ,z5 orig9at$ ) ,bodhi-,dh>ma 9 ,*9a or ) ! ,buddha 9 ,india1 inasmu* z ,z5 is true & has an endur+ value4 ,& aga9 f ! hi/orian's po9t ( view :i* tries sci5tifically to asc]ta9 ! s\rce ( developm5t result+ 9 ,z5 ,buddhism1 x is only important to f9d a logical connection betwe5 ! ,mahayana ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t 9 ,india & its practical application by ! ,*9ese to ! actualities ( life2 & z to any special l9e ( transmission 9 ,india be=e ,bodhi-,dh>ma z 0 e/abli%$ by ! ,z5 devotees1 x is n a matt] ( mu* conc]n nor ( great importance4 ,b z soon z ,z5 is =mulat$ into an indep5d5t sy/em1 n only ) its *>act]i/ic features b ) its hi/orically asc]ta9able facts1 x w be necess>y = ! hi/orians to trace its l9e ( transmission complete & n int]rupt$2 = 9 ,z51 z we %all see lat]1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance = its foll[]s to be duly c]tifi$ or approv$ 7abbhanumodana7 by ! ma/] z to ! g5u95ess or or?odox "* ( _! realisation4 ,!re=e1 z long z ,z5 is ! product ( ! ,*9ese soil f ! ,indian se$ ( ,enlight5m5t z ,i take x1 no special l9e ( transmission ne$ be e/abli%$ 9 ,india unless x is 9 a g5]al logical mann] su* z 0 attempt$ 9 my previ\s ,essays4 ,! tw5ty-eight patri>*s ( ,z5 reg>d$ by its foll[]s z ! or?odox l9e ( transmission are z foll[s3 #a4 kyamuni4 #ab4 ,avagho%a4 #b4 ,mahkyapa4 #ac4 ,bhik%u ,kapimala4 #c4 n&a4 #ad4 ,ngrjuna4 #d4 aavsa4 #ae4 ,kadeva4 #e4 ,upagupta4 #af4 rya ,rhulata4 #f4 ,dhitaka4 #ag4 ,saghan&i4 #g4 ,mic*aka4 #ah4 ,saghayaz4 #h4 ,buddhan&i4 #ai4 ,kumrata4 #i4 ,buddhamitra4 #bj4 ,jayata4 #aj4 ,bhik%u ,p>va4 #ba4 ,vasub&hu4 #aa4 ,puyayaz4 #bb4 ,manura4 #bc4 ,hakl5ayaz4 #bf4 ,puyamitra4 #bd4 ,bhik%u ,siha4 #bg4 ,prajt>a4 #be4 ,vasita4 #bh4 ,bodhi-,dh>ma4 ,to be consi/5t ) ! view t ,z5 0 a 8special transmission f ! ,buddha outside ( 8 doctr9al tea*+10 ,z5 hi/orians h ext5d$ ?is transmission ev5 beyond kyamuni2 =1 accord+ to tradition preval5t already among primitive ,buddhi/s1 !re 7 at lea/ six ,buddhas prior to ! ,buddha ( ! pres5t kalpa :o 0 ! ,muni ( ! kyas2 & ^! sev]al ,buddhas _h ea* to leave a g? ( 8,dh>ma transmission0 :i* is sy/ematically pres]v$ 9 ,z5 hi/ory4 ,n[ if ! six ,buddhas ( ! pa/ _h _! g?s1 :y n ^? patri>*s betwe5 kyamuni & ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 all inclusively8 ,or1 if any "o ( !m _h at all any k9d ( g?1 :y n ! re/ ( !m too8 ,s1 !y h all bequea!d _! g?s ( transmission regul>ly prefac$ ) ! words3 8,i n[ h& ov] to y ! eye-treasure ( ! ,great ,law1 :i* y w gu>d & ev] be m9dful (40 ,no d\bt !y are fictiti\s productions ( ! hi/orical imag9ation :i* 0 s highly ex]cis$ by ! e>ly writ]s ( ,z5 hi/ory1 evid5tly inspir$ by an extraord9>y zeal = _! or?odox fai?4 ,! translators ( ^! patri>*al v]ses are1 accord+ to ! au?or ( ! ,records ( ! ,"r ,transmission1 ,*ih-*iang-liang-l\1#d4e ( ! ,fir/ ,wei dyna/y1 & ,na-li5-ya-%1#d4f ( ! ,ea/]n ,wei2 ! =m] came f ,middle ,india & ! latt] f ,kabul4 ,_! book kn[n z ! ,acc\nt ( ,succession 9 ! ,law#d4g disappe>$ aft] ! repeat$ p]secutions c>ri$ out by ! reign+ dyna/ies1 b ! /ories ( ^! patri>*s 7 quot$ at lea/ 9 ! two books1 ! ,pao-l9 ,*#8uan#d4h & ! ,%ng-*\ ,*i1#d4i bo? compil$ prior to ! ,transmission ( ! ,lamp1 9 :i* !y are ref]r$ to4 ,b !y too 7 lo/ "s "t aft] ,kaisu 7,*#8i-sung7 9 ! ,sung dyna/y4 ,!re=e at pres5t ! ,transmission ( ! ,lamp is ! e>lie/ hi/ory ( ,z5 :]e ! tw5ty-eight patri>*s & _! v]ses ( law-transmission are record$ 9 detail4 ,to quote z samples two ( ! six ,buddhas' g?s1 ! fir/ ,buddha ,vipayi decl>es3 8,?is body f )9 ! ,=mless is born1 ,x is l ?r\gh magic t all =ms & images appe>3 ,phantom be+s ) m5tality & consci\sness h no reality f ! v beg9n+2 ,bo? evil & happ9ess are void1 h no abodes40#d4aj ,! g? ( ! six? ,buddha1 ,kyapa1 :o j prec$$ ! ,muni ( ! kyas1 runs ?us3 8,pure & immaculate is ! nature ( all s5ti5t be+s2 ,f ! v beg9n+ !re is no bir?1 no dea?2 ,?is body1 ?is m9d--a phantom creation x is2 ,& 9 phantom trans=mation !re are nei!r s9s nor m]its4#d4aa ,:5 ! ,buddha belong+ to ! pres5t age ord]$ ,mahkyapa to be ! or?odox transmitt] ( ! ,good ,law1 he utt]$ ! foll[+ v]se3 8,! ,dh>ma is ultimately a dh>ma :i* is no-dh>ma2 ,a dh>ma :i* is no-dh>ma is also a dh>ma3 ,z ,i n[ h& ?is no-dh>ma ov] to !e1 ,:at we call ! ,dh>ma1 ! ,dh>ma--:]e aft] all is ! ,dh>ma80f#ghd4ab ,! six? patri>* ,dhtaka has3 8,p5etrate into ! ultimate tru? ( m9d1 ,& we h nei!r ?+s nor no-?+s2 ,enlight5$ & n-enlight5$--!y are ! same2 ,nei!r m9d nor ?+ !re is40#d4ac ,! tw5ty-second patri>*1 ,manura1 gave 8 view ?us3 8,! m9d move? ) ! t5 ?\s& ?+s3 ,ev5 :5 mov+1 x is s]5e4 ,p]ceive its ess5ce z x move? on1 ,& nei!r joy nor sorr[ !re is40#d4ad ,9 ^! g?s we notice ! tea*+ g5]ally *>act]i/ic ( ,mahayana ,buddhism z x prevail$ 9 ,india4 ,z ,i said be=e1 z f> z ! doctr9al side ( ,buddhism 0 conc]n$1 ,z5 _h no?+ p>ticul>ly to (f] z its own2 = its raison d'tre consi/s 9 its be+ a spiritual exp]i5ce & n 9 its be+ a special sy/em ( philosophy or ( c]ta9 dogmas conceptually syn!sis$4 ,we h ,z5 only :5 ! ,mahayana ,buddhi/ speculation is r$uc$ to ! actual ?+s ( life & becomes ! direct expression ( "o's inn] life4 ,& ?is did n come to pass until ,buddhism 0 transplant$ into ,*9a & made !re to gr[ n\ri%$ by a p ^: practical turn ( m5tality refus$ to swall[ ! ,indian tradition undige/$4 ,! =m ( ?\ght z adopt$ 9 ! s-call$ patri>*al v]ses did n appeal to ! ,*9ese m9d4 ,:5 !y got into ! ?\ght itself1 !y wi%$ to express x 9 _! own way1 !y wi%$ to live ! ?\ght z 0 natural to !m1 & n to ho>d x z some?+ import$ f abroad & n inh]5tly belong+ to _! psy*ology4 ,:5 ,bodhi-,dh>ma gave 8 full sanction to 8 disciples1 he is suppos$ to h compos$ ! foll[+ g?3 8,! orig9al reason ( my com+ to ?is c\ntry ,0 to transmit ! ,law 9 ord] to save ! confus$3 ,"o fl[] ) five petals is unfold$1 ,& ! be>+ ( fruit w by itself come40#d4ae ,by ?is 8be>+ ( fruit0 did ,dh>ma prophesy ! full developm5t ( ,z5 lat] 9 ,*9a8 ,! 8five petals0 are suppos$ to mean ! five ,z5 ,fa!rs 9 ,*9a aft] ,dh>ma :5 ,z5 came to be recognis$ z a bran* ( ,buddhism ) a message ( its own4 ,:e!r ?is g? 0 really a prophetic "o by ,dh>ma himself1 or :e!r x 0 compos$ by "s ,z5 hi/orian aft] ! six? patri>* ,hui-nng 7,y5o71 we h no means to decide4 ,! "o ?+ is c]ta9 hi/orically t ,dh>ma's tea*+ began to be naturalis$ 9 ,*9a ab\t two hundr$ ye>s aft] him & assimilat$ by h] p 9 a mann] be/ suit$ to _! m5tal idiosyncracies4 ,z5 9 ! =m we h x to-day c\ld n mature any:]e outside ,*9a4 ,india 0 too metaphysical1 or too giv5 up to my/ic imag9ation4 ,x 0 ! home = ! ,yui%iki 7,yogcra71 ! ,%+on 7,mantra s*ool71 ! ,kegon 7,avatasaka71 or ! ,sanron 7nyat or ,mdhyamika74 ,z = ,z51 x ne$$ a m9d :i* _h already be5 deeply /eep$ 9 ! ,laotzan ideas & feel+s & yet c\ld n deta* itself f ! details ( daily life4 ,alo(ness1 romanticism1 a c]ta9 practical temp]am5t1 & yet an ev51 /eady1 well-balanc$ "*--^! 7 ne$$ to develop ,z5 to its pres5t =m4 ,t is to say1 if ,mahayana ,buddhism z 0 exp\nd$ by ,ngrjuna & ,avagho%a1 & 9 ! ,vimalakrti1 ,prajpramit1 & o!r ,sutras1 especially 9 ! ,lakvatra1 7 n work$ ^u by ,*9ese g5ius1 ,z5 z su* c\ld n at all h come into exi/5ce4 ,x may n altoge!r be out ( place "h to %[ by concrete examples h[ mu* ! ,indian me?od div]ges f ! typically ,*9ese "o 9 demon/rat+ ! tru? ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,z ,i h repeat$ly illu/rat$1 ,buddhism1 :e!r primitive or develop$1 is a religion ( fre$om & emancipation1 & ! ultimate aim ( its discipl9e is to release ! _s f its possible bondage s t x c act freely 9 accordance ) its own pr9ciples4 ,?is is :at is meant by non-atta*m5t 7aprati%ita-cittam74 ,! idea is negative inasmu* z x is conc]n$ ) unty+ ! knots ( ! intellect & passion1 b ! feel+ impli$ is positive1 & ! f9al object is atta9$ only :5 ! _s is re/or$ to its orig9al activity4 ,! _s kn[s its own way1 & :at we c d is to rid x ( all ! ob/acles our ignorance has pil$ be=e x4 8,?r[ !m d[n10 is !re=e ! recurr+ note 9 ! ,buddhi/ tea*+4 ,! ,indian ,buddhi/ way ( impress+ ! idea is ?is3 ,a ,brahman nam$ ,black-nails came to ! ,buddha & (f]$ him two huge fl[]+ trees :i* he c>ri$ ea* 9 "o ( 8 h&s ?r\gh 8 magical p[]4 ,! ,buddha call$ out1 & :5 ! ,brahman respond$ ! ,buddha said1 8,?r[ !m d[n60 ,! ,brahman let d[n ! fl[]+ tree 9 8 left h& be=e ! ,buddha4 ,! latt] call$ out aga9 to let !m g1 :]eupon ,black-nails dropp$ ! o!r fl[]+ tree 9 ! "r h&4 ,! ,buddha /ill kept up 8 comm&4 ,said ! ,brahman1 8,i h no?+ n[ to let g4 ,:at d y want me to d80 8,i nev] told y to ab&on y\r fl[]+ plants10 said ! ,buddha1 8:at ,i want y to d is to ab&on y\r six objects ( s5se1 y\r six organs ( s5se1 & y\r six consci\snesses4 ,:5 ^! are all at once ab&on$ & !re rema9s no?+ fur!r to be ab&on$1 x is !n t y are releas$ f ! bondage ( bir?-&-dea?40 ,9 contra/ to ?is pla9 ?\gh some:at r\nd-ab\t talk ( ! ,buddha1 ! foll[+ case ( ,j%u 7,*ao-*\7f#gid4af is direct & concise & disposes ( ! matt] 9 a mo/ unequivocal mann]4 ,a monk came & ask$ ! ma/]1#d4ag 8,h[ is x :5 a man br+s no?+ ) him80 8,?r[ x away60 0 ,j%u's imm$iate response4 8,:at %all he ?r[ d[n :5 he is n burd5$ at all80 8,if s1 c>ry x along60 ,! ,z5 ma/]s delight 9 p>adoxes1 & ,j%u's rem>k "h is a typical "o4 ,! problem ( emancipation is important1 b ! /ill m important "o is1 8,:o or :at is ! ,buddha80 ,:5 ?is is ma/]$1 ,buddhism has r5d]$ its full s]vice4 ,:at did ! ,indian philosoph]s ?9k ( ! ,buddha8 ,!re 0 an old lady :o liv$ at ! "t ( ! ,buddha4 ,%e 0 born at ! same "t z ! ,buddha himself & liv$ 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! city4 ,%e _h a s+ul> av]sion aga9/ ! ,buddha & nev] wi%$ to see him4 ,:5ev] he pass$ by %e w\ld run away4 ,b :i*ev] way %e turn$ %e w\ld enc\nt] him1 ea/ or we/4 ,%e cov]$ h] face ) h] h&s1 & lo6 %e saw ! ,buddha betwe5 h] f+]s4 ,?is is beautiful & illum9at+4 ,:at foll[s is ! ,z5 way ( treat+ ! subject3 ,a monk came to ,*#8i-an :o 0 "o ( ! disciples ( ,ma-tsu1#d4ah & ask$3 8,:at is ! orig9al body ( ,vairo*ana80 ,said ! ma/]1 8,w\ld y m9d pass+ t wat]-pit*] ov] to me80 ,! monk h&$ x to ! ma/] z ask$4 ,!n ! ma/] reque/$ him to put x back :]e he got x4 ,! monk did s4 ,b n gett+ any answ] z he ?\ght to 8 fir/ "q1 he ask$ aga91 8,:at is ! orig9al body ( ,vairo*ana ,buddha80 ,! ma/] express$ 8 regret1 say+1 8,long x is s9ce ! dep>ture ( ! old ,buddha60 ,^! two in/ances w suffice to illu/rate :]e ! ,*9ese ,z5 m9d deviates f ! ,indian4 ,,ii ,! hi/ory ( ,z5 dates ) ! com+ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma 7,bodai-,d>uma7#d4ai f ! we/1 #ebj ,a4,d4 ,he came to ,*9a ) a special message :i* is summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 8,a special transmission outside ! scriptures2 ,no dep5d5ce ^u words & lett]s2 ,direct po9t+ at ! s\l ( man2 ,see+ into "o's nature & ! atta9m5t ( ,buddhahood40 ,^! f\r l9es z describ+ ! pr9ciples ( ,z5 tea*+ z di/+ui%$ f o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism already 9 exi/5ce 9 ,*9a 7 =mulat$ lat] & n by ,dh>ma himself4 ,we _c exactly tell :o 0 ! real au?or1 z we h no def9ite in=mation on ?is subject4 ,"o hi/orian1 ,tsung-*i51#d4bj :o compil$ f ! ,t#8i5-tai po9t ( view a ,buddhi/ hi/ory entitl$ ,! ,rightful ,l9eage ( ! kya ,doctr9e 9 #abcg1 ascribes x to ,nans5 ,fu-gwan#d4ba2 probably ! =mula orig9at$ 9 ^? days :5 ,baso 7,ma-tsu71 ,hyakjo 7,pai-*ang71 ,obaku 7,huang-po71 ,sekito 7,%ih-t\7 & ,yakusan 7,yeh-%an7#d4bb 7 fl\ri%+ 9 ! 8,we/ ( ! ,riv]0 & 9 ! 8,s\? ( ! ,lake40 ,s9ce !n !y h be5 reg>d$ z *>act]i/ically ,z51 & x 0 ,dh>ma t brea!d ?is _s into ! m9ds ( ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/s4 ,! latt] _h m or less be5 giv5 up1 on ! "o h&1 to philosophis+1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 to practis+ contemplation4 ,!y 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! direct me?od ( ,z5 :i* 0 to see /raightway into ! tru? ( ,enlight5m5t & atta9 ,buddhahood )\t go+ ?r\gh s _m /ages ( prep>ation prescrib$ by ! s*ol>s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our k ( ! life ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma comes f two s\rces1 ! "o :i* ! e>lie/ record we h ( him is by ,tao-hsan#d4bc 9 8 ,biographies ( ! ,high ,prie/s :i* 0 compil$ e>ly 9 ! ,t#8ang dyna/y1 ,a4,d4 #fde4 ,! au?or 0 ! f\nd] ( a ,v9aya sect 9 ,*9a & a le>n$ s*ol>1 :o h[ev] 0 liv+ be=e ! movem5t ( ! new s*ool to be kn[n z ,z5 came into maturity "u ,hui-nng1 ! six? patri>*1 :o 0 n9e ye>s old :5 ,tao-hsan wrote 8 ,biographies4 ,! o!r s\rce is ! ,records ( ! ,transmission ( ! ,lamp1 ,a4,d4 #ajjd1 compil$ by ,tao-yan#d4bd e>ly 9 ! ,sung dyna/y4 ,?is 0 writt5 by a ,z5 monk aft] ,z5 _h receiv$ full recognition z a special bran* ( ,buddhism1 & conta9s say+s & do+s ( its ma/]s4 ,! au?or (t5 ref]s to "s e>li] ,z5 hi/ories z 8 au?orities :i* are h[ev] lo/ n[ be+ kn[n by ! titles only4 ,x is q natural t ^! two acc\nts ( ! life ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma %\ld v>y at sev]al po9ts4 ,! fir/ 0 writt5 :5 ,z5 0 n yet fully e/abli%$ z a s*ool1 & ! second by "o ( ! ,z5 ma/]s4 ,9 ! fir/1 ,dh>ma1 ! f\nd] ( ,z51 is treat$ z "o ( ! _m o!r ,buddhi/ prie/s em95t 9 v>i\s fields z translators1 comm5tators1 s*ol>s1 ,v9aya-foll[]s1 ma/]s ( m$itation1 possessors ( miracul\s virtues1 etc41 & ,dh>ma c\ld n naturally occupy 9 su* a hi/ory any v prom95t position di/+ui%+ himself f ! o!r 8high prie/s40 ,he is describ$ m]ely z "o ( ^? 8ma/]s ( m$itation0 ^: conception ( dhyana did n diff] f ! old traditional "o z 0 practis$ by ! ,h9ayana foll[]s4 ,tao-hsan did n und]/& ! message ( ,dh>ma 9 its full signification1 ?\gh he c\ld read 9 x some?+ n q ( ! s-call$ 8practice ( m$itation40 ,& !re=e x is sometimes argu$ by s*ol>s t !re is n mu* ( ,z5 9 ,tao-hsan's acc\nt ( ,dh>ma wor?y ( its fir/ ,*9ese promulgator & t !re=e ,dh>ma c\ld n be s reg>d$ z is claim$ by ! foll[]s ( ! ,z5 s*ool ( ,buddhism4 ,b ?is is n do+ ju/ice to ,z51 nor to ,tao-hsan :o nev] ?\ght ( writ+ a ,z5 hi/ory be=e ,z5 came to be kn[n z su*4 ,tao-hsan c\ld n be a prophetic hi/orian4 ,:ile ! biographical hi/ory ( ,tao-yan conta9s mu* t is to be discr$it$ z reg>ds ! life ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 especially z reg>ds t "p ( 8 life be=e he came to ,*9a1 we h reason to believe t ! great] "p ( ,tao-yan's acc\nt ( ,dh>ma's do+s aft] 8 arrival 9 ,*9a is hi/orical4 ,9 ?is latt] respect1 ,tao-hsan mu/ be tak5 z complem5t+ ,tao-yan4 ,x is n q 9 accord ) ! _s ( fair critical judgm5t to be p>tial to "o au?ority at ! exp5se ( ! o!r )\t duly weigh+ all ! hi/orically kn[n circum/ances t contribut$ to ! mak+ ( ^! hi/ories4 ,accord+ to ,tao-hsan1 ,bodhi-,dh>ma left _m writ+s or say+s :i* 7 app>5tly /ill 9 circulation at ! "t ( ! au?or ( ! ,biographies ( ! ,high ,prie/s1 b ! only au!ntic writ+ ( ! ,z5 f\nd]'s at pres5t 9 our possession is a v %ort "o :i* is pres]v$ 9 ,tao-hsan's ,biographies z well z 9 ,tao-yan's ,records4 ,!re are "s o!r essays ascrib$ to ,dh>ma1f#hj b mo/ ( :i*1 ?\gh deeply imbib+ ! _s ( ,z51 are spuri\s except "o :i* ,i am incl9$ to ?9k to be g5u9ely 84 ,x is entitl$ 8,on ! ,pacification ( ! ,s\l40#d4bf ,toge!r ) ! fir/ "o :i* is g5]ally kn[n "u ! title1 8,m$itation on ,f\r ,acts10#d4bg we h j two pieces ( writ+s h&$ d[n z ,dh>ma's4 ,?\gh ,i d n ?9k t 8,! ,m$itation on ,f\r ,acts0 c\ld be ! be/ possible specim5 ( writ+ to be bequea!d by ! f\nd] ( ,z51 :i* w admit u /raightway into ! v ess5ce ( ,z51 ,i w give "h an ,engli% translation ( x z ! mo/ reliable essay ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 ! fir/ patri>* ( ,z5 9 ,*9a4 ,!re are two v]sions z ,i said be=e ( ?is writ+1 ! "o 9 ! ,biographies & ! o!r 9 ! ,records1 & !y d n q agree ) ea* o!r 9 "s po9ts4 ,! ma9 drift is ! same1 b 9 detail !y v>y4 ,! "q n[ is1 :i* is ! m orig9al "o8 ,*ronologically1 ! ,biographies 7 compil$ e>li] ?an ! ,records1 b ! latt] presupposes "s e>li] writ+s :i* 7 utilis$ = its compilation4 ,we h no means to asc]ta9 ! reliability ( ! docum5ts ?us made use (1 & !n ! au?ority ( ! ,biographies is n absolute4 ,!re=e1 ! only pr(itable me?od ( judg+ ! respective m]it ( ! two v]sions is to comp>e !m f ! lit]>y po9t ( view & see :at light su* comp>ison w %$ on ! nature ( ea*4 ,! result ,i h rea*$ is t ! au?or ( ! ,biographies us$ ! "o pres]v$ 9 ! ,records1 :i* is m fai?ful to ! orig9al if !re 7 any su* besides ?is v v]sion4 ,! reason = ?is conclusion is t ,dh>ma's writ+ appe>s mu* improv$ aft] ! edit+ ( ,tao-hsan1 ! au?or ( ! ,biographies2 = he _h to edit x = 8 own purposes4 ,?us edit$1f#had4bh ,dh>ma's writ+ is n[ 9 a bett] /yle1 t is1 m concise1 m to ! po9t1 & m ref9$4 ,= ?is reason ! foll[+ translation#d4bi is made f ,tao-yan's ,records 9 :i* ! au?or _h e reason to reproduce ! orig9al z x /ood4 8,bodhi-,dh>ma1 ! ,tea*] ( ! ,law1 0 ! ?ird son ( a great ,brahman k+ 9 ,s\? ,india1 ( ! ,we/]n ,l&s4 ,he 0 a man ( wond]ful intellig5ce1 bright & f>-rea*+2 he ?or\ghly und]/ood ev]y?+ t he ev] le>n$4 ,z 8 ambition 0 to ma/] ! doctr9e ( ! ,mahayana1 he ab&on$ ! :ite dress ( a layman & put on ! black robe ( monkhood1 wi%+ to cultivate ! se$s ( hol9ess4 ,he practis$ contemplation & tranquillisation1 he knew well :at 0 ! true significance ( worldly affairs4 ,inside & outside1 he 0 transpicu\s2 8 virtues 7 m ?an a model to ! _w4 ,he 0 griev$ v mu* ov] ! decl9e ( ! or?odox tea*+ ( ! ,buddha 9 ! remot] p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,he f9ally made up 8 m9d to cross ov] l& & sea & come to ,*9a & prea* 8 doctr9e 9 ! k+dom ( ,wei4 ,^? t 7 spiritually incl9$ ga!r$ ab\t him full ( devotion1 :ile ^? t c\ld n rise above _! own "o-sid$ views talk$ ab\t him sl&]+ly4 8,at ! "t !re 7 only two monks call$ ,tao-yih & ,hui-k#81 :o :ile yet "y _h a /rong w & desire to le>n high] ?+s4 ,?9k+ x a great opportunity ( _! lives to h su* a tea*] ( ! ,law 9 _! own l&1 !y put !mselves "u 8 in/ruction = sev]al ye>s4 ,mo/ rev]5tly !y foll[$ him1 ask$ que/ions to be enlight5$1 & obs]v$ 8 directions well4 ,! ,tea*] ( ! ,law 0 mov$ by _! _s ( s9c]ity & discipl9$ !m 9 ! true pa?1 tell+ !m1 #8,?is is ! way to obta9 peace ( m9d1' & #8,?is is ! way to behave 9 ! _w1' #8,?is is ! way to live h>moni\sly ) y\r surr\nd+s1' & #8,?is is ! upya 7means74' ,^! be+ ! ,mahayana ways to keep ! m9d tranquil1 "o has to be on gu>d aga9/ _! wrongful applications4 ,by ?is m5tal pacification ,pi-kuanf#hb is meant2 by ?is behavi\r1 ! ,f\r ,acts2 by ?is h>mony ) ?+s1 ! protection f sl&] & ill-disposition2 & by ?is ,upya1 deta*m5t4 8,?us ,if#hc h briefly /at$ ! /ory ( :at foll[s4 8,!re are _m ways to ent] ! ,pa?1 b briefly speak+ !y are ( two sorts only4 ,! "o is #8,entrance by ,reason' & ! o!r #8,entrance by ,conduct4' ,by #8,entrance by ,reason' we mean ! realisation ( ! _s ( ,buddhism by ! aid ( ! scriptural tea*+4 ,we !n come to h a deep fai? 9 ! ,true ,nature :i* is "o & ! same 9 all s5ti5t be+s4 ,! reason :y x does n manife/ itself is due to ! ov]wrapp+ ( ext]nal objects & false ?\ghts4 ,:5 "o1 ab&on+ ! false & embrac+ ! true1 & 9 simpl5ess ( ?\ght abides 9 ,pi-kuan 1 "o f9ds t !re is nei!r selfhood nor o!rness1 t ! masses & ! wor?ies are ( "o ess5ce1 & firmly holds on to ?is belief & nev] moves away !refrom4 ,he w n !n be guid$ by any lit]>y in/ructions1 = he is 9 sil5t communion ) ! pr9ciple itself1 free f conceptual discrim9ation1 = he is s]5e & n-act+4 ,?is is call$ #8,entrance by ,reason4' 8,by #8,entrance by ,conduct' is meant ! ,f\r ,acts 9 :i* all o!r acts are includ$4 ,:at are ! f\r8 #a4 ,h[ to requite hatr$2 #b4 ,to be ob$i5t to k>ma2 #c4 ,n to seek aft] any?+2 & #d4 ,to be 9 accord ) ! ,dh>ma4 8#a4 ,:at is meant by #8,h[ to requite hatr$'8 ,^? :o discipl9e !mselves 9 ! ,pa? %\ld ?9k ?us :5 !y h to /ruggle ) adv]se conditions3 ,dur+ ! innum]able pa/ ages ,i h w&]$ ?r\gh multiplicity ( exi/5ces1 all ! :ile giv+ myself to unimportant details ( life at ! exp5se ( ess5tials1 & ?us creat+ inf9ite occasions = hate1 ill-w1 & wrong-do+4 ,:ile no violations h be5 committ$ 9 ?is life1 ! fruits ( evil de$s 9 ! pa/ are to be ga!r$ n[4 ,nei!r gods nor m5 c =etell :at is com+ ^u me4 ,i w submit myself will+ly & pati5tly to all ! ills t befall me1 & ,i w nev] bemoan or compla94 ,9 ! ,sutra x is said n to worry ov] ills t may happ5 to y4 ,:y8 ,because ?r\gh intellig5ce "o c survey ! :ole *a9 ( causation4 ,:5 ?is ?\ght arises1 "o is 9 concord ) ! pr9ciple because he makes ! be/ use ( hatr$ & turns x into ! s]vice 9 8 advance t[>ds ! ,pa?4 ,?is is call$ ! #8way to requite hatr$4' 8#b4 ,by #8be+ ob$i5t to k>ma' is meant ?is3 ,!re is no self 7tman7 9 :atev] be+s t are produc$ by ! int]play ( k>maic conditions2 pa9 & pleasure we suff] are also ! results ( our previ\s action4 ,if ,i am rew>d$ ) =tune1 hon\r1 etc41 ?is is ! outcome ( my pa/ de$s :i* by reason ( causation affect my pres5t life4 ,:5 ! =ce ( k>ma is exhau/$1 ! result ,i am enjoy+ n[ w disappe>2 :at is !n ! use ( be+ joyful ov] x8 ,ga9 or loss1 let u accept k>ma z x br+s u ! "o or ! o!r1 ! _s itself kn[s nei!r increase nor decrease4 ,! w9d ( gladness does n move x z x is sil5tly 9 h>mony ) ! ,pa?4 ,!re=e ?is is call$ #8be+ ob$i5t to k>ma4' 8#c4 ,by #8n seek+ aft] any?+' is meant ?is3 ,m5 ( ! _w1 9 et]nal confusion1 are atta*$ ev]y:]e to "o ?+ or ano!r1 :i* is call$ seek+4 ,! wise h[ev] und]/& ! tru? & are n l ! vulg>4 ,_! m9ds abide s]5ely 9 ! uncreat$ :ile ! body turns ab\t 9 accordance ) ! laws ( causation4 ,all ?+s are empty & !re is no?+ desirable & to be s\ght aft]4 ,:]ev] !re is ! m]it ( brightness !re foll[s ! dem]it ( d>kness4 ,?is triple _w :]e "o /ays too long is l a h\se on fire2 all t has a body suff]s1 & :o w\ld ev] "k :at is re/8 ,because ! wise are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ?is tru?1 !y get nev] atta*$ to any?+ t becomes1 _! ?\ghts are quiet$1 !y nev] seek4 ,says ! ,sutra3 ,:]ev] !re is seek+1 !re y h suff]+s2 :5 seek+ ceases1 y are bless$4 ,?us we "k t n to seek is v]ily ! way to ! tru?4 ,!re=e ,i prea* to y n #8to seek aft] any?+4' 8#d4 ,by #8be+ 9 accord ) ! ,dh>ma' is meant t ! reason 9 its ess5ce is pure :i* we call ! ,dh>ma1 & t ?is reason is ! pr9ciple ( empt9ess 9 all t is manife/$1 z x is above defilem5ts & atta*m5ts1 & z !re is no ,self or ,o!r 9 x4 ,says ! ,sutra3 ,9 ! ,dh>ma !re are no s5ti5t be+s1 because x is free f ! /a9s ( be+2 9 ! ,dh>ma !re is no ,self because x is free f ! /a9 ( selfhood4 ,:5 ! wise und]/& ?is tru? & believe 9 x1 _! conduct w be #89 accordance ) ! ,dh>ma4' 8,z ! ,dh>ma 9 ess5ce has no desire to possess1 ! wise are ev] ready to practise *>ity ) _! body1 life1 prop]ty1 & !y nev] begrudge1 !y nev] "k :at an ill grace means4 ,z !y h a p]fect und]/&+ ( ! ?reefold nature ( empt9ess1 !y are above p>tiality & atta*m5t4 ,only because ( _! w to cleanse all be+s ( _! /a9s1 !y come among !m z ( !m1 b !y are n atta*$ to ! =m4 ,?is is kn[n z ! inn] aspect ( _! life4 ,!y h[ev] "k also h[ to b5efit o!rs1 & aga9 h[ to glorify ! pa? ( enlight5m5t4 ,z ) ! virtue ( *>ity1 s ) ! o!r five virtues 9 ! ,prajpramit4 ,t ! wise practise ! six virtues ( p]fection is to get rid ( confus$ ?\ghts1 & yet !y are n consci\s ( _! do+s4 ,?is is call$ #8be+ 9 accord ) ! ,dh>ma4'0 99 99 99 99 99 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,two ,entrances is evid5tly tak5 f ! ,vajrasamdhi-straf#hd2 & t ( ! ,f\r ,acts is an amplification ( ! second =m ( ,entrance z is exp\nd$ 9 ! ,sutra4 ,a comp>ison ) ! passage#d4bi;a f x w make ?is po9t cle> at once3 8,said ! ,buddha3 ,! two entrances are #8,entrance by ,reason' & #8,entrance by ,conduct4' #8,entrance by ,reason' means to h a deep fai? 9 t all s5ti5t be+s are id5tical 9 ess5ce ) ! true nature :i* is nei!r unity nor multiplicity2 only x is becl\d$ by ext]nal objects4 ,! nature 9 itself nei!r dep>ts nor comes4 ,:5 a man 9 s+l5ess ( ?\ght abides 9 *eh-kuan 1 he w cle>ly see into ! ,buddha-nature1 ( :i* we _c say :e!r x exi/s or exi/s n1 & 9 :i* !re is nei!r selfhood nor o!rness4 ,he w also f9d t ! nature is ! same bo? 9 ! masses & 9 ! wor?ies4 ,he ?us firmly holds ! gr\nd ( ! diamond-he>t & nev] moves away !refrom2 he is s]5e & n-do+1 & free f conceptual discrim9ation4 ,?is is call$ #8,entrance by ,reason4' 8#8,entrance by ,conduct' means n to be un/eady & recl9+ 9 m9d & n to be 9 its %ad[s *ang+ l a /ream4 ,:]ev] y are1 let y\r ?\ght be s]5e & n to be seek+ aft] any?+4 ,let x be l unto ! great e>? unmov$ ev5 9 a rag+ /orm4 ,giv+ up all ?\ghts ( egoism 9 y\r he>t1 save all be+s & let !m cross ov] to ! o!r %ore4 ,!re are no bir?s1 no signs1 no cl++1 no ab&on+2 9 ! m9d ( a ,bodhisattva1 !re is no go+-out1 no com+-94 ,:5 ?is m9d :i* nei!r goes out nor comes 9 ent]s into t :i* is nev] ent]$ into1 x is call$ ent]+4 ,?is is ! way ! ,bodhisattva ent]s into ! ,dh>ma4 ,! ,dh>ma is n empty 9 =m1 & ! ,dh>ma ( non-empt9ess is n to be put aside z non-entity4 ,:y8 ,! ,dh>ma t is n non-entity is fill$ ) virtues4 ,x is nei!r m9d nor %ad[s1 x is pure 9 its su*ness40 ,9 comp>+ ^! two texts ! read] w be impress$ ) ! mo/ important & mo/ /rik+ *ange ,bodhi-,dh>ma made 9 8 quotation1 :i* is ! sub/itut+ ( pi-kuan = *eh-kuan4 ,pi ord9>ily means 8wall0 or 8precipice10 & is (t5 f\nd 9 comb9ation ) li1 8/&+10 9 su* phrases z pi li wan jn 1 to describe an unscalable wall1 or figuratively to repres5t ! attitude1 = in/ance1 ( ,acala-,vidyrja /&+ /raight up4 ,:at 0 ! reason ( ,dh>ma's *ang+ *eh1 8to awak510 or 8to be enlight5$0 into a ^w :i* app>5tly has no organic relation to ! foll[+ kuan1 8to p]ceive10 or 8to contemplate08 ,! novel comb9ation is a v important "o1 = x alt]s ! s5se ( ! :ole context 9 :i* x occurs4 ,tao-hsan1 ! au?or ( ! ,biographies1 ref]s to ,dh>ma's tai *#8ng pi kuan1 ,mahayani/ic wall-contemplation1 9 8 comm5t>y notes to ,z51 z ! mo/ m]itori\s "w ,dh>ma a*iev$ 9 ,*9a4f#he ,= ?is reason he is (t5 spok5 ( z ! pi-kuan ,brahman1 t is1 wall-contemplat+ ,brahman1 & 9 ,japan ! monks belong+ to ! ,soto s*ool ( ,z5 are suppos$ to foll[ ! example ( ! f\nd] ( _! religion :5 !y keep up ! practice ( sitt+ fac+ ! wall :ile m$itat+4 ,b ?is is evid5tly a sup]ficial int]pretation ( ! phrase pi-kuan2 = h[ c\ld m]e wall-gaz+ />t a revolution>y movem5t 9 ! ,buddhi/ _w z is impli$ 9 ,tao-hsan's life ( ,dh>ma8f#hf ,h[ c\ld su* an innoc5t practise provoke a t]rible opposition among s*ol>s ( ^? days8 ,to my view1 pi-kuan has a f> deep] mean+1 & mu/ be und]/ood 9 ! light ( ! foll[+ passage 9 ! ,records1 :i* is quot$ f a "w kn[n z ! ,pieh ,*i#d4cj mean+ "s special docum5t ( prior exi/5ce3 8,! ma/] fir/ /ay$ 9 ! ,%r9ji 7,%ao-l9-sz7 mona/]y = n9e ye>s1 & :5 he taught ! second patri>*1 x 0 only 9 ! foll[+ way3 #8,ext]nally keep y\rself away f all relation%ips1 &1 int]nally1 h no pant+s 7or hank]+s1 *#8uan7 9 y\r he>t2f#hg :5 y\r m9d is l unto a /raight-/&+ wall y may ent] into ! ,pa?4' ,hui-k#8 tri$ v>i\sly to expla9 or to disc\rse on ! reason ( m9d1 b fail$ to realise ! tru? itself4 ,! ma/] simply said1 #8,no6 ,no6' & nev] propos$ to expla9 to 8 disciple :at 0 ! m9d-ess5ce 9 its ?\ght-less /ate1 t is1 9 its pure be+4 ,lat] said ,hui-k#81 #8,i "k n[ h[ to keep myself away f all relation%ips4' #8,y make x a total annihilation1 d y n8' qu]i$ ! ma/]4 #8,no1 ma/]1' repli$ ,hui-k#81 #8,i d n make x a total annihilation4' #8,h[ d y te/ify y\r /atem5t8' #8,= ,i "k x always 9 a mo/ intelligible mann]1 b to express x 9 words--t is impossible4' ,!reupon1 said ! ma/]1 #8,t is ! m9d-ess5ce itself transmitt$ by all ! ,buddhas4 ,h>b\r no d\bts ab\t x4'0 ,9 fact1 ?is passage sums up ! special message conta9$ 9 ,dh>ma's tea*+1 & 9 x we may get an adequate answ] z to ! exact mean+ ( pi-kuan4 ,! t]m mu/ h be5 a novel "o 9 8 day1 & ! orig9ality ( 8 views really lay 9 ! creative s5se ( ! "o ^w 8pi0 ,x 0 s concrete1 s graphic1 & !re 0 no?+ ab/ract & conceptual ab\t x4 ,h5ce ,tao-hsan's special ref]5ce to ,dh>ma's tea*+ z ! ,tai-*ng pi-kuan4 7,mahayani/ic wall-contemplation74 ,:ile !re 0 no?+ specifically ,z5 9 8 doctr9e ( 8,two ,entrances & ,f\r ,acts10 ! tea*+ ( ,pi-kuan1 wall-contemplation1 0 :at made ,bodhi-,dh>ma ! fir/ patri>* ( ,z5 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a4 ,! au?or ( ! ,rightful ,transmission ( ! kya ,doctr9e int]prets pi-kwan z mean+ ! /ate ( m9d :]e 8no ext]nal du/s get 940#d4ca ,?is may be all "r1 b we are n told :]e he f9ds ! au?ority = ?is way ( und]/&+4 ,_h he 9 m9d ,dh>ma's rem>k to ,hui-k#8 z record$ 9 ! docum5t kn[n z ,pieh-*i8 ,9 any ev5t ! und]ly+ mean+ ( ! 8wall-contemplation0 mu/ be f\nd 9 ! subjective condition ( a ,z5 ma/]1 :i* is highly conc5trat$ & rigidly exclusive ( all ideas & s5su\s images4 ,to und]/& ! phrase1 8pi-kwan0 z simply mean+ 8wall-gaz+0 w be %e] absurdity4 ,if ! specific message ( ,dh>ma z ! f\nd] ( ,z5 9 ,*9a is to be s\ght any:]e 9 ! writ+s ( 81 :i* are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 x mu/ be 9 ?is 8,mahayani/ic wall-contemplation40 ,besides ?is writ+ :i* is ! only "o left by ,dh>ma 9 our possession at pres5t1 we h ! ,lakvatra-stra1 ,vajrasamdhi-stra1 & ,vajrac*$ik-stra1 ?r\gh :i* we c also h a glimpse into ! c5tral tea*+ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma4 ,z51 unlike o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism1 has no p>ticul> ,sutras to be call$ ! 8f\ndation canon0 on :i* its foll[]s w\ld base ! pr9cipal t5ets ( _! s*ool2 b ,dh>ma recomm5d$ ! ,lakvatra to 8 fir/ disciple ,hui-k#8 7,yeka71 z conta9+ ! tea*+ mo/ intimately relat$ to ,z51 & aft] him ?is scriptural writ+ came to be /udi$ *iefly by ,z5 s*ol>s4f#hh ,z to ! importance ( ! ,vajrasamdhi z exp\nd+ ! philosophy ( ,z51 we c easily und]/& x f ,dh>ma's own ref]5ce to ! ,sutra 9 8 writ+ z 0 already po9t$ out4 ,) reg>d to ! ,vajrac*$ik-stra1 mo/ p ?9k ( x z hav+ no?+ to d ) ,z5 prior to ! fif? patri>*1 ,hung-jn 7,gun972 = x 0 he :o = ! fir/ "t introduc$ x among 8 own disciples1 :ile ,dh>ma himself made no allusion :atev] to ?is1 "o ( ! mo/ popul> ,buddhi/ texts 9 ,*9a4 ,b accord+ to ,hui-nng's ,preface to ! ,vajrac*$ik1 :i* is /ill pres]v$1 8ev] s9ce ! com+-we/ ( ,dh>ma he want$ to propagate ! mean+ ( ?is ,sutra & lead p to und]/& ! ,reason & to see into ! ,nature40 ,if ?is 7 actually ! case1 ,dh>ma1 to say ! lea/1 mu/ h _h "s k ( ?is ,sutra f ! v beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] 9 ,*9a1 & ! connection 9 a way betwe5 ?is & ,z5 mu/ h be5 m fundam5tal ?an t betwe5 ! ,lakvatra & ,z54 ,! preval5t notion !n t ! ,vajrac*$ik came only 9 vogue aft] ,hung-jn & ,hui-nng mu/ be revis$4 ,:atev] ?is may be1 ! ,lakvatra is too difficult a mat]ial = popul> consumption1 & x 0 natural t ?is ,sutra came to be gradually sup]s$$ by ! ,vajrac*$ik z ,z5 ga9$ m & m 9 p[] & influ5ce4 ,z "o ( ! ,sutras belong+ to ! ,prajpramit class ( ,buddhi/ lit]ature1 ! tea*+ ( ! ,vajrac*$ik 0 comp>atively simple & _h some?+ mu* ak9 to ! ,laotzan ideas ( empt9ess & non-do+4 ,x 0 n h>d = ! av]age ,*9ese to foll[ its philosophy ( nyat1 9 fact ?is agre$ well ) a c]ta9 aspect ( ,*9ese ?\ght4f#hi ,h[ev]1 ) ,z5 foll[]s all lit]ature 0 l a f+] po9t+ at ! moon1 & !re 0 n mu* 9 itself t w actually lead "o to ! see+ ( "o's own inn] nature2 = ?is see+ 0 a realisation :i* mu/ be atta9$ by "o's own p]sonal ef=ts ap>t f ! m]e und]/&+ ( lett]s4 ,all ,buddhi/ ,sutras includ+ ! ,lakvatra1 ,vajrasamdhi1 & ,vajrac*$ik c\ld n be ( mu* help to ! real e>ne/ seek]s ( ! tru?1 s long z 8 idea is to grasp ! nak$ facts ) 8 own unglov$ h&s4 ,?is 0 possible only :5 8 own inn] consci\sness op5$ by itself1 f )91 ?r\gh 8 :ole-s\l$ ef=ts4 ,lit]ature is helpful only :5 x indicates ! way1 x is n ! ?+ itself4 ,! e>li] "p ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma's life :ile 9 ,india z is n>rat$ 9 ! ,records may be discr$it$ z conta9+ a l>ge dose ( fiction1 b ! latt] "p ( x _c s easily be dispos$ (4 ,?is is :]e x supplem5ts ! /ory 9 ,tao-hsan's ,biographies1 :i* 0 writt5 by a good hi/orian b by "o :o did n "k any?+ ab\t ! future developm5t ( ,z54 ,accord+ to ! ,records !n1 ! fir/ great p]sonage ,dh>ma _h an int]view ) :5 he came to ,*9a 0 ! k+ ( ,liang1 ! greate/ ,buddhi/ patron ( ! "t4 ,& ! int]view took place 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! ,emp]or ,wu ( ,liang ask$ ,dh>ma3 8,ev] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( my reign ,i h built s _m temples1 copi$ s _m sacr$ books1 & support$ s _m monks2 :at d y ?9k my m]it might be80 8,no m]it :atev]1 sire60 ,dh>ma bluntly repli$4 8,:y80 dem&$ ! ,emp]or a/oni%$4 8,all ^! are inf]ior de$s10 ?us began ,dh>ma's significant reply1 8:i* w\ld cause _! au?or to be born 9 ! heav5s or on ?is e>? aga94 ,!y /ill %[ ! traces ( worldl9ess1 !y are l %ad[s foll[+ objects4 ,?\gh !y appe> actually exi/+1 !y are no m ?an m]e non-entities4 ,z to a true m]itori\s de$1 x is full ( pure wisdom & is p]fect & my/]i\s1 & its real nature is beyond ! grasp ( human intellig5ce4 ,su* z ?is is n to be s\ght aft] by any worldly a*ievem5t40 ,! ,emp]or ,wu !reupon ask$ ,bodhi-,dh>ma aga91#d4cb 8,:at is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ! holy doctr9e80 8,va/ empt9ess1 & !re is no?+ 9 x to be call$ holy1 sire60 answ]$ ,dh>ma4 8,:o is !n t is n[ confront+ me80 8,i "k n1 sire60 ,! answ] 0 simple en\gh1 & cle> en\gh too1 b ! pi\s & le>n$ ,buddhi/ ,emp]or fail$ to grasp ! _s p]vad+ ! :ole attitude ( ,dh>ma4 ,see+ t !re 0 no fur!r help to be giv5 to ! ,emp]or1 ,dh>ma left 8 dom9ion & retir$ into a mona/]y 9 ! /ate ( ,wei1 :]e he sat quietly practis+ ! 8wall-contemplation10 x is said1 = n9e long ye>s1 until he came to be kn[n z ! ,pi-kuan ,brahman4f#ij ,"o day a monk ,%n-kuang#d4cc visit$ him & mo/ e>ne/ly implor$ him to be enlight5$ 9 ! tru? ( ,z51 b ,dh>ma paid no att5tion4 ,%n-kuang 0 n to be disappo9t$1 = he knew t all ! great spiritual lead]s ( ! pa/ _h gone ?r\gh ) _m a he>t-r5d+ trial 9 ord] to atta9 ! f9al object ( _! aspiration4 ,"o ev5+ he /ood 9 ! mid/ ( ! sn[ wait+ = ,dh>ma to notice him :5 at la/ ! fa/-fall+ sn[ buri$ him almo/ z deep z 8 knees4 ,f9ally1 ! ma/] turn$ back & said1 8,:at d y wi% me to d = y80 ,said ,kuang1 8,i am come to receive y\r invaluable in/ructions2 pray op5 y\r gate ( m]cy1 & ext5d y\r h& ( salvation to ?is poor suff]+ mortal40 8,! incomp>able doctr9e ( ,buddhism10 repli$ ,dh>ma1 8c be compreh5d$ only aft] a long h>d discipl9e & by endur+ :at is mo/ difficult to endure1 & by practis+ :at is mo/ difficult to practise4 ,m5 ( inf]ior virtue & wisdom are n all[$ to und]/& any?+ ab\t x4 ,all ! lab\rs ( su* ones w come to naught40 ,kuang at la/ cut (f 8 left arm ) ! swordf#ia he 0 c>ry+1 & pres5t$ x be=e ! tea*] z a tok5 ( 8 s9c]ity 9 ! desire to be in/ruct$ 9 ! doctr9e ( all ! ,buddhas4 ,said ,dh>ma1 8,?is is n to be s\ght ?r\gh ano!r40 8,my s\l is n yet pacifi$4 ,pray1 ma/]1 pacify x40 8,br+ y\r s\l "h1 & ,i w h x pacifi$40 ,kuang hesitat$ = a mom5t b f9ally said1 8,i h s\ght x ^! _m ye>s & am /ill unable to get hold ( x60 8,!re6 x is pacifi$ once = all40 ,?is 0 ,dh>ma's s5t5ce4f#ib ,dh>ma !n told him to *ange 8 "n into ,hui-k#84 ,n9e ye>s pass$1#d4cd & ,dh>ma wi%$ to return to 8 native c\ntry4 ,he call$ 9 all 8 disciples be=e him1 & said1 8,! "t is come = me to dep>t1 & ,i want to see :at y\r atta9m5ts are40 8,accord+ to my view10 said ,tao-fu1 8! tru? is above bo? affirmation & negation1 = ?is is ! way x move?40 ,dh>ma said1 8,y h got my sk940 ,next came 9 ! nun1 ,tsung-*#8ih1 & said1 8,z ,i und]/& x1 x is l n&a's view+ ! ,buddha-l& ( ,ak%obhya3 x is se5 once & nev] aga940 ,dh>ma said1 8,y h got my fle%40 ,tao-y 0 ano!r disciple :o pres5t$ 8 view1 say+1 8,empty are ! f\r elem5ts & non-exi/5t ! five sk&has4 ,accord+ to my view1 !re is n a ?+ to be grasp$ z real40 ,dh>ma said1 8,y h got my bone40 ,f9ally1 ,hui-k#81 t is1 ,%n-kuang1 rev]5tly b[+ to ! ma/]1 kept /&+ 9 8 seat & said no?+4 ,dh>ma !n ann\nc$1 8,y h my m>r[40f#ic ,my/]y envelops ! end ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma's life 9 ,*9a1 we d n "k h[1 :51 & :]e he pass$ away f ?is e>?4 ,"s say t he 0 poison$ by 8 rivals1 o!rs say t he w5t back to ,india cross+ ! des]t1 & /ill o!rs report t he came ov] to ,japan4 ,9 "o ?+ !y all agree :i* is ?is3 he 0 q old1 be+1 accord+ to ,tao-hsan1 ov] "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s at 8 dea?4 ,,iii ,aft] ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 ,hui-k#8 7#dhf-eic7d4ce 0 ! *ief expon5t ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,he 0 already a le>n$ s*ol> be=e he came to 8 tea*] = in/ruction1 n only 9 ! ,*9ese classics b 9 ,buddhi/ lore4 ,no am\nt ( le>n+ h[ev] satisfi$ him2 inde$ he seems to h _h a sort ( enlight5m5t 9 8 way1 :i* he want$ to be te/ifi$ to by ,dh>ma4 ,aft] he left ! ma/]1 he did n at once beg9 8 prea*+ hid+ himself among ! l[] /rata ( society4 ,he evid5tly %unn$ be+ look$ up to z a high prie/ ( great wisdom & und]/&+4 ,h[ev]1 he did n neglect quietly prea*+ ! ,law :5ev] he _h an occasion4 ,he 0 simply quiet & unassum+1 refus+ to %[ himself (f4 ,b "o day :5 he 0 disc\rs+ ab\t ! ,law be=e a temple gate1 !re 0 ano!r s]mon go+ on inside ! temple by a resid5t prie/1 le>n$ & hon\r$4 ,! audi5ce h[ev] left ! rev]5d lectur] inside & ga!r$ ar\nd ! /reet-monk probably clad 9 rags & ) no outw>d signs ( ecclesia/ical dignity4 ,! high prie/ got angry ov] ! situation4 ,he accus$ ! begg>-monk to ! au?orities z promulgat+ a false doctr9e1 :]eupon ,hui-k#8 0 arre/$ & put to dea?4 ,he did n specially plead innoc5t b compos$ly submitt$1 say+ t he _h accord+ to ! law ( k>ma an old debt to pay up4 ,?is took place 9 ,a4,d4 #eic1 & he 0 "o hundr$ & sev5 ye>s old :5 he 0 kill$4 ,accord+ to ,tao-hsan1 ,hui-k#8's eloqu5ce flew directly f 8 he>t1 n encru/$ ) le>n+ or s*ol>ly disc\rse4 ,:ile he 0 prea*+ 9 an important city on ! mean+ ( ,z51 ^? :o c\ld n rise above 8! lett] t kille?0 took 8 tea*+ = h]esy1 z ! words ( a devil devoid ( s5se4 ,especially among !m a ma/] ( m$itation call$ ,tao-han#d4cf :o _h ab\t "o ?\s& foll[]s ab\t him1 at once assum$ an (f5sive attitude t[>ds ,hui-k#84 ,he s5t "o ( 8 disciples to ! ,z5 expon5t1 p]haps to f9d out :at k9d ( man he really 04 ,z soon z ! disciple le>n$ :at 0 ! tea*+ ( ! s-call$ h]etic1 he 0 s deeply impress$ by ?is man t he 0 conv]t$ into a ,z5 advocate4 ,tao-han despat*$ ano!r ( 8 foll[]s to call ! fir/ "o back1 b he foll[$ ! example ( ! pr$ecessor4 ,sev]al o!r mess5g]s 7 s5t "o aft] ano!r1 b ! result 0 altoge!r disc\rag+4 ,lat] :5 ,tao-han happ5$ to meet 8 fir/ mess5g]1 he ask$2 8,h[ 0 x t ,i _h to s5d = y s _m times8 ,did ,i n op5 y\r eye aft] tak+ pa9s s mu* on my "p80 ,! =m] disciple h[ev] my/ically answ]$2 8,my eye has be5 "r f ! fir/1 & x 0 ?r\gh y t x came to squ9t40 ,?is /irr$ ! ma/]'s ire1 & x 0 ?r\gh 8 ma*9ation1 writes ,tao-hsan1 t ,hui-k#8 _h to suff] (ficial p]secution4 ,?is /ory tak5 f ,tao-hsan's ,biographies v>ies f t 9 ! ,tao-yan's ,records1 b !y bo? agree 9 mak+ ,hui-k#8 a m>tyr at ! h&s ( 8 enemy4 ,!re is no d\bt t 9 ! ,z5 tea*+ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma & 8 fir/ ,*9ese disciple1 ,hui-k#81 !re 0 some?+ t 0 un9telligible to mo/ ( ! ,buddhi/s ( ! "t :o _h be5 tra9$ ei!r 9 ! ab/ract metaphysics or 9 ! tranquillis+ ex]cises1 or 9 ! m]e morality1 ( ,buddhism4 ,! expon5ts ( ,z5 !n mu/ h emphasis$ ! tru? to be awak5$ 9 "o's inn] consci\sness1 ev5 at ! exp5se ( ! canonical tea*+ z is v>i\sly elucidat$ 9 ! ,sutras & a/ras1 _m ( :i* 9 translations _h already be5 9 circulation4 ,?is mu/ h excit$ ! cons]vati/s & lit]ali/s4 ,l ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 ,hui-k#8 did n leave any lit]>y writ+ ?\gh we "k f _! biographies t bo? _h _! s]mons collect$ & 9 ! case ( ,hui-k#8 8classifi$10f#idd4cg :atev] ?is may mean4 ,! foll[+ extracts pres]v$ h[ev] may ?r[ light on ! tea*+ ( ,hui-k#84 ,a lay-disciple call$ ,hsiang wrote a lett] to ,hui-k#83#d4ch 8,%ad[ foll[s a body & e*o rises f a s\nd4 ,he :o 9 pursuit ( ! %ad[ tires out ! body1 does n "k t ! body produces ! %ad[2 & he :o attempts to /op an e*o by rais+ 8 voice1 does n und]/& t ! voice is ! cause ( ! e*o4 ,9 a simil> way he :o seeks ,nirvana by cutt+ desires & passions is to be lik5$ to "o :o seeks a %ad[ ap>t f its orig9al body2 & he :o aspires to ,buddhahood ?9k+ x to be indep5d5t ( ! nature ( s5ti5t be+s is to be lik5$ to "o :o tries to li/5 to an e*o by dead5+ its orig9al s\nd4 ,!re=e1 ! ignorant & ! enlight5$ are walk+ 9 "o passageway2 ! vulg> & ! wise are n to be diff]5tiat$ f ea* o!r4 ,:]e !re are no names1 we create names1 & because ( ^! names judgm5ts are =m$4 ,:]e !re is no !oris+1 we !orise1 & because ( ?is !oris+1 disputes arise4 ,!y are all phantom creations & n realities1 & :o kn[s :o is "r & :o is wrong8 ,!y are all empty1 no sub/antialities h !y1 & :o kn[s :at is & :at is n8 ,s we realise t our ga9 is n real ga9 & our loss n real loss4 ,?is is my view & may ,i be enlight5$ if ,i am at fault80 ,to ?is ,hui-k#8 answ]$3 8,y h truly compreh5d$ ! ,dh>ma z x is2 ! deepe/ tru? lies 9 ! pr9ciple ( id5tity4 ,x is due to "o's ignorance t ! mani-jewel is tak5 = a piece ( brick1 b lo6 :5 "o is sudd5ly awak5$ to self-enlight5m5t1 x is realis$ t "o is 9 possession ( ! real jewel4 ,! ignorant & ! enlight5$ are ( "o ess5ce1 !y are n really to be sep>at$4 ,we %\ld "k t all ?+s are su* z !y are4 ,^? :o ent]ta9 a duali/ic view ( ! _w are to be piti$1 & ,i write ?is lett] = !m4 ,:5 we "k t betwe5 ?is body & ! ,buddha !re is no?+ to sep>ate "o f ! o!r1 :at is ! use ( seek+ aft] ,nirvana z some?+ ext]nal to ourselves80 99 99 99 99 99 ,next to ,hui-k#8 came ,sng-ts#8an 7di$ #fjf71d4ci :o succe$$ z ! ?ird patri>*4 ,! int]view betwe5 ma/] & disciple took place 9 ?is mann]3 ,a layman ( =ty tr\bl$ ) fng-yangf#ie accord+ to ! ,records1 came to ,hui-k#8 & ask$2 8,i am suff]+ f fng-yang2 pray cleanse me ( my s9s40 8,br+ y\r s9s "h10 said ,hui-k#81 8& ,i w cleanse y ( !m40 ,! lay-disciple 0 sil5t = a :ile b f9ally said1 8,z ,i seek my s9s1 ,i f9d !m unatta9able40 8,i h !n f9i%$ cleans+ y altoge!r4 ,y %\ld !nce=? take refuge 9 ! ,buddha1 ,dh>ma1 & ,sagha 7,bro!rhood71 & abide !re940 8,z ,i /& be=e y1 ,o ma/]10 ask$ ,sng-ts#8an1 8,i "k t y belong to ! ,bro!rhood1 b pray tell me :at are ! ,buddha & ! ,dh>ma40 ,repli$ ! ma/]1 8,m9d is ! ,buddha1 ,m9d is ! ,dh>ma2 & ! ,buddha & ! ,dh>ma are n two4 ,! same is to be said ( ! ,bro!rhood 7sagha740 ,?is satisfi$ ! disciple :o n[ said1 8,to-day = ! fir/ "t ,i realise t s9s are nei!r )9 nor )\t nor 9 ! middle2 j z ,m9d is1 s is ! ,buddha1 s is ! ,dh>ma2 !y are n two40f#if ,he 0 !n orda9$ by ,hui-k#8 z a ,buddhi/ monk1 & aft] ?is he fl$ f ! _w altoge!r1 & no?+ mu* ( 8 life is kn[n4 ,?is 0 p>tly due to ! p]secution ( ,buddhism c>ri$ on by ! ,emp]or ( ! ,*\ dyna/y4 ,x 0 9 ! twelf? ye> ( ,k#8ai-huan1 ( ! ,sui dyna/y 7,a4,d4 #eib71 t he f\nd a disciple wor?y to be 8 successor4 ,8 "n 0 ,tao-hs94#d4dj ,he ask$ ! ma/]1 8,pray %[ me ! way to deliv]ance40 8,:o has ev] put y 9 bondage80 8,nobody40 8,if s10 said ! ,ma/]1 8:y %\ld y ask = deliv]ance80 ,?is put ! "y novice on ! way to f9al enlight5m5t1 :i* he atta9$ aft] _m ye>s' /udy "u ! ma/]4 ,:5 ,sng-ts#8an ?\ght t ! "t 0 ripe to consecrate him z 8 successor 9 ! fai?1 he h&$ him z ! tok5 ( ! rightful transmission ( ! ,law ! robe :i* _h come d[n f ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 ! fir/ patri>* ( ,z5 9 ,*9a4 ,he di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #fjf4 ,:ile mu* ( 8 life is obscure1 8 ?\ght is glean$ f a metrical composition kn[n z ,hs9-hs9-m+1 or 8,inscrib$ on ! ,believ+ ,m9d10 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ valuable contributions by ! ma/]s to ! int]pretation ( ,z5 tea*+4 ,"h foll[s a some:at lib]al translation ( ! poem3 ,inscrib$ on ! ,believ+ ,m9d4f#igd4da ,! ,p]fect ,way kn[s no difficulties ,except t x refuses to make pref]5ce3 ,only :5 fre$ f hate & love1 ,x reveals itself fully & )\t disguise4 ,a t5? ( an in*'s diff]5ce1 ,& heav5 & e>? are set ap>t3 ,if y want to see x manife/1 ,take no ?\ght ei!r = or aga9/ x4 ,to set up :at y l aga9/ :at y dislike-- ,?is is ! disease ( ! m9d3 ,:5 ! deep mean+ ( ! ,way is n und]/ood ,peace ( m9d is di/urb$ & no?+ is ga9$4 ,! ,way is p]fect l unto va/ space1 ,) no?+ want+1 no?+ sup]flu\s3 ,x is inde$ due to mak+ *oice ,t its su*ness is lo/ sight (4 ,pursue n ! out] entanglem5ts1 ,dwell n 9 ! inn] void2 ,:5 ! m9d re/s s]5e 9 ! on5ess ( ?+s1 ,! dualism vani%es by itself4 ,& :5 on5ess is n ?or\ghly und]/ood1 ,9 two ways loss is su/a9$-- ,! d5ial ( reality may lead to its absolute negation1 ,:ile ! uphold+ ( ! void may result 9 contradict+ itself4 ,word9ess & intellection-- ,! m ) !m ! fur!r a/ray we g2 ,away !re=e ) word9ess & intellection1 ,& !re is no place :]e we _c pass freely4f#ih ,:5 we return to ! root1 we ga9 ! mean+2 ,:5 we pursue ! ext]nal objects1 we lose ! reason4 ,! mom5t we are enlight5$ )91 ,we g beyond ! voidness ( a _w confront+ u4 ,trans=mations go+ on 9 an empty _w :i* confronts u1 ,appe> real all because ( ,ignorance3 ,try n to seek aft] ! true1 ,only cease to *]i% op9ions4 ,t>ry n ) dualism1 ,c>efully avoid pursu+ x2 ,z soon z y h "r & wrong1 ,confusion ensues1 ! m9d is lo/4 ,! two exi/ because ( ! "o1 ,b hold n ev5 to ?is "o2 ,:5 ! "o m9d is n di/urb$1 ,! t5 ?\s& ?+s (f] no (f5ce4 ,:5 no (f5ce is (f]$ by !m1 !y are z if n exi/+2 ,:5 ! m9d is n di/urb$1 x is z if !re is no m9d4 ,! subject is quiet$ z ! object ceases1 ,! object ceases z ! subject is quiet$4 ,! object is an object = ! subject1 ,! subject is a subject = an object3 ,"k t ! relativity ( ! two ,re/s ultimately on ! on5ess ( ! void4 ,9 ! on5ess ( ! void ! two are "o1 ,& ea* ( ! two conta9s 9 itself all ! t5 ?\s& ?+s3 ,:5 no discrim9ation is made betwe5 ?is & t4 ,h[ c a "o-sid$ & prejudic$ view arise8 ,! ,great ,way is calm & l>ge-m9d$1 ,no?+ is easy1 no?+ is h>d3 ,small views are irresolute1 ,! m 9 ha/e ! t>di] !y g4 ,cl++ nev] keeps itself )9 b\nds1 ,x is sure to g 9 ! wrong way3 ,let g loose1 & ?+s are z !y may be1 ,:ile ! ess5ce nei!r dep>ts nor abides4 ,obey ! nature ( ?+s1 & y are 9 concord ) ! ,way1 ,calm & easy & free f annoyance2 ,b :5 y\r ?\ghts are ti$1 y turn away f ! tru?1 ,!y gr[ heavi] & dull] & are n at all s\nd4 ,:5 !y are n s\nd1 ! s\l is tr\bl$2 ,:at is ! use ( be+ p>tial & "o-sid$ !n8 ,if y want to walk ! c\rse ( ! ,"o ,vehicle1 ,be n prejudic$ aga9/ ! six s5se-objects4 ,:5 y are n prejudic$ aga9/ ! six s5se-objects1 ,y 9 turn id5tify y\rself ) ,enlight5m5t2 ,! wise are non-active1 ,:ile ! ignorant b9d !mselves up2 ,:ile 9 ! ,dh>ma itself !re is no individuation1 ,!y ignorantly atta* !mselves to p>ticul> objects4 ,x is _! own m9ds t create illusions-- ,is x n ! greate/ ( self-contradictions8 ,ignorance begets ! dualism ( re/ & unre/1 ,! enlight5$ h no likes & dislikes3 ,all =ms ( dualism ,are ignorantly contriv$ by ! m9d itself4 ,!y are l unto visions & fl[]s 9 ! air3 ,:y %\ld we tr\ble ourselves to take hold ( !m8 ,ga9 & loss1 "r & wrong-- ,away ) !m once = all6 ,if an eye nev] falls asleep1 ,all dreams w by !mselves cease3 ,if ! m9d reta9s its on5ess1 ,! t5 ?\s& ?+s are ( "o su*ness4 ,:5 ! deep my/]y ( "o su*ness is fa?om$1 ,all ( a sudd5 we =get ! ext]nal entanglem5ts3 ,:5 ! t5 ?\s& ?+s are view$ 9 _! on5ess1 ,we return to ! orig9 & rema9 :at we are4 ,=get ! :]e=e ( ?+s1 ,& we atta9 to a /ate beyond analogy3 ,movem5t /opp$ is no movem5t1 ,& re/ set 9 motion is no re/4 ,:5 dualism does no m obta91 ,ev5 on5ess itself rema9s n z su*4 ,! ultimate end ( ?+s :]e !y _c g any fur!r1 ,is n b\nd by rules & measures3 ,! m9d 9 h>mony ) ! ,way is ! pr9ciple ( id5tity ,9 :i* we f9d all do+s 9 a quiesc5t /ate2 ,irresolutions are completely done away )1 ,& ! "r fai? is re/or$ to its native /raightness2 ,no?+ is reta9$ n[1 ,no?+ is to be memoris$1 ,all is void1 lucid1 & self-illum9at+1 ,!re is no /a91 no ex]tion1 no wa/+ ( en]gy-- ,?is is :]e ?9k+ nev] atta9s1 ,?is is :]e ! imag9ation fails to measure4 ,9 ! high] realm ( ,true ,su*ness ,!re is nei!r 8o!r0 nor 8self03 ,:5 a direct id5tification is ask$ =1 ,we c only say1 8,n two40f#ii ,9 be+ n two all is ! same1 ,all t is is compreh5d$ 9 x3 ,! wise 9 ! t5 qu>t]s1 ,!y all ent] into ?is absolute fai?4 ,?is absolute fai? is beyond quick5+ "t & ext5sion space4 ,"o in/ant is t5 ?\s& ye>s2 ,no matt] h[ ?+s are condition$ :e!r ) 8to be0 or 8n to be10 ,x is manife/ ev]y:]e be=e y4 ,! inf9itely small is z l>ge z l>ge c be1 ,:5 ext]nal conditions are =gott52 ,! inf9itely l>ge is z small z small c be1 ,:5 objective limits are put out ( sight4 ,:at is is ! same ) :at is n1 ,:at is n is ! same ) :at is3 ,:]e ?is /ate ( ?+s fails to obta91 ,be sure n to t>ry4 ,"o 9 all1 ,all 9 "o-- ,if only ?is is realis$1 ,no m worry ab\t y\r n be+ p]fect6 ,! believ+ m9d is n divid$1 ,& undivid$ is ! believ+ m9d-- ,?is is :]e words fail1 ,= x is n ( ! pa/1 future1 or pres5t4 ,"u ,tao-hs9 7#ehj-fea71 ! f\r? patri>*1 ,z5 0 divid$ into two bran*es4 ,! "o kn[n z ,godzuz5 7,niu-t#8ou ,*an71#d4db did n live long aft] ! pass+ ( its f\nd]1 ,fa-jung1#d4dc :o liv$ at ,m\nt ,niu-t#8ou1 & is consid]$ n belong+ to ! or?odox l9e ( ,z54 ,! o!r bran* 0 head$ by ,hung-jn#d4dd :o is reg>d$ by hi/orians z ! fif? patri>*1 & x is 8 s*ool t has surviv$4 ,he came to ! ma/] :5 he 0 /ill a m]e boy1 & :at pleas$ 8 ma/] at _! int]view 0 ! way he answ]$4 ,:5 ,tao-hs9 ask$#d4de :at 0 8 family "n 7hs+71 he said1 8,i h a nature 7hs+71 & x is n an ord9>y "o40 8,:at is t80 8,x is ! ,buddha-nature 7fo-hs+740 8,!n y h no "n80 8,no1 ma/]10 said ! boy1 8= x is empty 9 its nature40 ,"h is a play ( words2 ! "* d5ot+ 8family "n0 & t = 8nature0 are bo? pron\nc$ hs+4 ,:5 ,tao-hs9 0 ref]r+ to ! 8family "n0 ! "y foll[] took x = 8nature0 purposely1 :]eby to express 8 view by a figure ( spee*4 ,tao-hs9's int]view ) ,fa-jung1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,niu-t#8ou s*ool ( ,z51 0 significant1 %[+ :]e _! views diff]$ & h[ ! "o came to be conv]t$ into ! or?odox und]/&+ ( ,z54 ,x 0 dur+ ! ,*n-kuan era ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y t ,tao-hs91 le>n+ ( ! pres5ce ( an extraord9>y sa9tly man 9 ,niu-t'ou m\nta9s1 decid$ to see :o he c\ld be4 ,:5 ,tao-hs9 came to a ,buddhi/ temple 9 ! m\nta9s1 he inquir$ aft] ! man & 0 in=m$ ( a lonely an*orite :o w\ld nev] rise f 8 seat nor salute p ev5 :5 !y 7 approa*+ him4 ,:5 ,tao-hs9 proce$$ fur!r into ! m\nta9s1 he saw him z he 0 told sitt+ quietly & pay+ no att5tion to ! pres5ce ( a /rang]4 ,he !n ask$ ! h]mit :at he 0 do+ "h4 8,i am contemplat+ on ,m9d10 0 ! reply4 ,tao-hs9 !n dem&$1 8,:at is he t is contemplat+8 ,:at is ,m9d t is contemplat$80 ,fa-jung 0 n prep>$ to answ] su* que/ions4 ,?9k+ t ! visitor 0 a man ( deep und]/&+1 he rose f ! seat & salut+ him ask$ :o he 04 ,:5 he f\nd t ! visitor 0 no o!r p]sonage ?an ,tao-hs9 himself ^: reputation he 0 n ignorant (1 he ?ank$ him = ! visit4 ,!y 7 n[ ab\t to ent] a little hut ne> by :]e !y might talk ab\t religion1 :5 ,tao-hs9 saw "s wild animals su* z tig]s & wolves w&]+ ab\t ! place1 & he ?rew up 8 h&s z if he 7 greatly fright5$4 ,fa-jung rem>k$1 8,i see ?is is /ill ) y40 ,! f\r? patri>* respond$ at once1 8,:at d y see yet80 ,no answ] came f ! h]mit4 ,aft] a :ile ! patri>* trac$ ! "* 8,buddha0 7fo7 on ! /one on :i* ,fa-jung 0 9 ! habit ( sitt+ 9 m$itation4 ,see+ x1 ! latt] look$ z if %ock$4 ,said ! patri>* 8,i see ?is is /ill ) y40 ,b ,fa-jung fail$ to see ! mean+ ( ?is rem>k & e>ne/ly implor$ to be in/ruct$ 9 ! ultimate tea*+ ( ,buddhism4 ,?is 0 done1 & ,fa-jung became ! f\nd] ( ! ,niu-t#8ou s*ool ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,tao-hs9 di$ at ! age ( sev5ty-two1 ,a4,d4 #fea4 ,hung-jn1 #fje-fge1 ! fif? patri>*1 came f ! same prov9ce z 8 pr$ecessor1 ,*#8i ,*\1 n[ 9 ! di/rict ( ,fu-pei4 ,8 temple 0 situat$ 9 ,wang-mei ,%an 7,yell[ ,plum ,m\nta971 :]e he prea*$ & gave lessons 9 ,z5 to 8 five hundr$ pupils4 ,he is claim$ by "s to h be5 ! fir/ ,z5 ma/] :o attempt$ to int]pret ! message ( ,z5 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,vajrac*$ik-stra4 ,?\gh ,i _c q agree ) ?is view = ! reason already ref]r$ to else:]e1 we c consid] ! fif? patri>* ! beg9n+ ( a turn+ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,z51 :i* op5$ up to a full view "u ! six? patri>*1 ,hui-nng4 ,until n[1 ! ,z5 foll[]s _h kept quiet1 ?\gh work+ /eadily1 )\t arre/+ public att5tion2 ! ma/]s _h retir$ ei!r into ! m\nta9s or 9 ! hurly-burly ( ! _w :]e nobody c\ld tell any?+ ab\t _! do+s4 ,b ! "t _h at la/ come = a full proclamation ( ,z51 & ,hung-jn 0 ! fir/ :o appe>$ 9 ! field prep>+ ! way = 8 successor1 ,hui-nng4 99 99 99 99 99 ,besides ?is or?odox l9e ( patri>*s1 !re 7 "s sporadic expositors ( ,z5 ?r\gh\t ! six? & ! sev5? c5tury4 ,sev]al ( !m are m5tion$1 b !re mu/ h be5 _m m su* :o 7 ei!r altoge!r =gott5 or n at all kn[n to ! _w4 ,! two be/ kn[n are ,pao-*ih 7di$ #ead7d4df & ,fu-hsi 7di$ #efi7d4dg2 & _! lives are record$ 9 ! ,records z 8adepts 9 ,z5 b n appe>+ 9 ! _w ?\gh well-kn[n at ! "t40 ,?is is a /range phras+1 & x is h>d to "k def9itely :at 8n appe>+ 9 ! _w0 means4 ,usually x applies to "o :o does n occupy any recognis$ position 9 an (ficially regi/]$ mona/]y4 ,b ( ^? t are class$ "u ?is head+1 !re is "o at lea/ to :om ! designation does n prop]ly apply2 = ,*i-i 0 a great high prie/ occupy+ an influ5tial ecclesia/ical po/ 9 ! ,sui dyna/y4 ,:atev] ?is 01 ^? record$ "h did n belong to ! or?odox ,z5 s*ool4 ,! ,t5dai 7,t#8i5-tai7 foll[]s object to see two ( _! ,fa!rs ,hui-sz & ,*i-i m5tion$ z 8adepts 9 ,z5 b n appe>+ 9 ! _w ?\gh well-kn[n at ! "t40 ,!y ?9k t ^! two are great names 9 ! hi/ory ( _! s*ool & ought n to be s indiff]5tly ref]r$ to 9 ! records ( ! ,z5 ma/]s4 ,b f ! ,z5 po9t ( view ?is classification is ju/ifiable = ! reason t ! ,t5dai1 except its metaphysics1 is ano!r curr5t ( ,z5 />t$ indep5d5tly ( ! l9e ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 & if ?is 7 all[$ to take a m practical c\rse ( developm5t1 x %\ld surely h result$ 9 ,z5 z we h x n[4 ,b its metaphysical side came to be emphasis$ at ! exp5se ( ! practical1 & = ?is reason ! ,t5dai philosoph]s 7 ev] at w> ) ! ,z51 especially ) ! ultra-left w+ :i* 0 inflexible 9 d5\nc+ an appeal to ratioc9ation & lit]>y disc\rs+ & ,sutra-le>n+4 ,9 my view ! ,t5dai is a v>iation ( ,z5 & its fir/ promulgators may ju/ly be class$ z ,z5 ma/]s ?\gh n ( ! p$igree to :i* belong ,%ih-t#8ou1 ,yeh-%an1 ,ma-tsu1 ,l9-*i1 etc4 ,:ile !re 7 ?us 9 ! six? & ! sev5? c5tury "s o!r l9es ( ,z5 ab\t to develop1 ! "o />t$ by ,bodhi-,dh>ma 0 un9t]rupt$ly c>ri$ on by ,hui-k#81 ,%ng-t#8san1 ,tao-hs91 & ,hung-jn1 :o prov$ to be ! mo/ fruitful & successful4 ,! diff]5tiation ( two s*ools "u ! fif? patri>*1 by ,hui-nng & ,%n-hsiu1 help$ ! fur!r progress ( pure ,z5 by elim9at+ uness5tial or r undige/$ elem5ts4 ,t ! s*ool ( ,hui-nng surviv$ ! o!r proves t 8 ,z5 0 9 p]fect accord ) ,*9ese psy*ology & modes ( ?9k+4 ,! ,indian elem5ts t _h be5 f\nd atta*$ to ! ,z5 ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma & 8 successors d[n to ,hui-nng1 7 some?+ graft$ & n native to ,*9ese g5ius4 ,& !re=e :5 ,z5 came to be fully e/abli%$ "u ,hui-nng & 8 foll[]s1 x _h no?+ fur!r to ob/ruct its free developm5t until x became almo/ ! only rul+ p[] 9 ! ,*9ese _w ( ,buddhism4 ,we mu/ c>efully wat* h[ ,hui-nng came to be ,hung-jn's successor & :]e he diff]$ f 8 rival s*ool "u ,%n-hsiu4 ,,iv ,hui-nng 7#fcg-gac7d4dh came f ,hs9-*\ 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,*9a4 ,8 fa!r di$ :5 he 0 yet "y4 ,he support$ 8 "m by sell+ wood 9 t[n4 ,:5 "o day he came out ( a h\se :]e he sold "s fuel1 he he>d a man recit+ a ,buddhi/ ,sutra4 ,! words deeply t\*$ 8 he>t4 ,f9d+ :at ,sutra x 0 & :]e x 0 possible to get x1 a long+ came ov] him to /udy x ) ! ma/]4 ,! ,sutra 0 ! ,diamond ,sutra 7,vajrac*$ik-stra7 & ! ma/] 0 ! fif? patri>* resid+ at ,yell[ ,plum 9 ,*9-*\4 ,hui-nng someh[ manag$ to get money en\gh = ! support ( 8 ag$ "m :ile he 0 gone4 ,x took him ab\t a mon? to rea* ,yell[ ,plum :]e he at once proce$$ to see ,hung-jn at ! head ( five hundr$ monks 7sometimes said to be sev5 or ev5 t5 hundr$74 ,at ! fir/ int]view ask$ ! patri>*1 8,:]e d y come f8 & :at d y want "h80 8,i am a f>m] f ,hs9-*\ & wi% to become a ,buddha40 8,s y are a s\!rn]10 said ! patri>*1 8b ! s\!rn]s h no ,buddha-nature2 h[ c\ld y expect to atta9 ,buddhahood80 ,?is h[ev] did n disc\rage ! bold seek] aft] ! tru?1 = he at once respond$3 8,!re may be s\!rn]s & nor!rn]s1 b z f> z ,buddha-nature goes1 h[ c\ld y make su* a di/9ction 9 x80 ,?is pleas$ ! ma/] v mu*4 ,hui-nng 0 giv5 an (fice z rice-p\nd] = ! ,bro!rhood4 ,m ?an eight mon?s1 x is said1 he 0 employ$ 9 ?is m5ial lab\r1 :5 ! fif? patri>* wi%$ to select 8 spiritual successor among 8 _m disciples4 ,"o day he made an ann\ncem5t t any "o :o c\ld prove 8 ?or\gh compreh5sion ( ! religion w\ld be giv5 ! patri>*al mantle & proclaim$ z 8 legitimate heir4 ,%n-hsiu 7di$ #gjf7d4di :o 0 ! mo/ le>n$ ( all ! disciples & ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ! lore ( 8 religion1 & :o 0 !re=e consid]$ by 8 bre?r5 9 ! fai? to be 9 possession ( an unqualifi$ "r to ! hon\r1 compos$ a /anza express+ 8 view1 & po/$ x on ! outside wall ( ! m$itation hall1 :i* read3 8,?is body is ! ,bodhi-tree1 ,! s\l is l a mirror bright2 ,take he$ to keep x always clean1 ,& let n du/ collect on x40#d4ej ,all ^? :o read ^! l9es 7 greatly impress$1 & secretly *]i%$ ! idea t ! au?or ( ?is ga?a w\ld surely be aw>d$ ! prize4 ,b :5 !y awoke ! next morn+1 !y 7 surpris$ to see ano!r writt5 alongside ( x1 :i* ran z foll[s3 8,! ,bodhi is n l ! tree1 ,! mirror bright is n[h]e %9+2 ,z !re is no?+ f ! fir/1 ,:]e c ! du/ itself collect80#d4ea ,! writ] ( ^! l9es 0 an insignificant layman 9 ! s]vice ( ! mona/]y1 :o sp5t mo/ ( 8 "t 9 p\nd+ rice & splitt+ wood = ! ,bro!rhood4 ,he _h su* an unassum+ air t nobody ev] ?\ght mu* ( him1 & !re=e ! entire community 0 n[ set a/ir to see ?is *all5ge made ^u its recognis$ au?ority4 ,b ! fif? patri>* saw 9 ?is unpret5ti\s monk a future lead] ( mank9d1 & decid$ to transf] to him ! robe ( 8 (fice4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 "s misgiv+s conc]n+ ! matt]2 = ! majority ( 8 disciples 7 n enlight5$ en\gh to see any?+ ( deep religi\s intuition 9 ! l9es by ! rice-p\nd]1 ,hui-nng3 & if he 7 publicly aw>d$ ! hon\r !y might d him h>m4 ,s ! fif? patri>* gave a secret sign to ,hui-nng to come to 8 room at midnight1 :5 ! re/ ( ! ,bro!rhood 0 fa/ asleep4 ,!n he gave him ! robe z insignia ( 8 au?ority & 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 unsurpass$ spiritual atta9m5t & ) ! assurance t ! future ( _! fai? w\ld be bright] ?an ev]4 ,! patri>* !n advis$ him t x w\ld be wise = him to hide 8 own light "u a bu%el until ! prop] "t arriv$ = 8 public appe>ance & active propag&a1 & also t ! robe :i* 0 h&$ d[n f ,bodhi-,dh>ma z ! sign ( fai? %\ld no m be giv5 up to ,hui-nng's successors1 because ,z5 0 n[ fully recognis$ by ! outside _w 9 g5]al & !re 0 no m necessity to symbolise ! fai? by ! transf]5ce ( ! robe4 ,t night ,hui-nng left ! mona/]y4 ,?is n>rative is tak5 f ! lit]ature left by ! foll[]s ( ! six? patri>* & is naturally p>tial 9 8 fav\r4 ,if we _h ano!r record left by ,%n-hsiu & 8 s*ool1 ! acc\nt "h reproduc$ may mat]ially diff]4 ,9 fact1 we h at lea/ "o docum5t tell+ ,%n-hsiu's relation to ,hung-jn4 ,x is ! memorial inscription on 8 grave-/one writt5 by ,*ang-%uo1#d4eb "o ( 8 lay-disciples4 ,9 ?is inscription ,%n-hsiu is ref]r$ to z ! "o to :om ! ,dh>ma has be5 transmitt$ f 8 ma/]1 ,hung-jn4 ,judg+ f ?is1 ! patri>*al au?ority ( ,hui-nng 0 n an undisput$ "o at ! "t1 or ! or?odox ord] ( succession 0 n settl$ until "s "t lat] :5 ! s*ool ( ,hui-nng _h be5 well e/abli%$ 9 au?ority ov] all ! o!r s*ools ( ,z5 t might h be5 exi/+ !n4 ,un=tunately1 ?is memorial inscription does n give any fur!r in=mation conc]n+ ,hui-nng's relation to ,hung-jn1 b ev5 f ! above n>rative we c ga!r c]ta9 facts ( importance :i* w %$ light on ! hi/ory ( ,z54 ,fir/1 :at necessity 0 !re to make ,hui-nng an unle>n$ ru/ic 9 contra/ ) ! erudition & wide in=mation ascrib$ to ,%n-hsiu8 ,or 0 ,hui-nng really su* an ignoramus z c\ld n read any ?+ writt58 ,b ! ,fa-pao-t#8an-*+1#d4ec a collection ( 8 s]mons1 conta9s passages quot$ f su* ,sutras z ! ,nirvna1 ,vajrac*$ik1 ,lakvatra1 ,saddh>ma-puarika1 ,vimalakrti1 ,amitbha1 & ,bodhisattva-la-sutra4 ,does ?is n ev9ce ! fact t ! au?or 0 n altoge!r unacqua9t$ ) ,mahayana lit]ature8 ,probably he 0 n a le>n$ s*ol> z comp>$ ) ,%n-hsiu1 b 9 ! n>ratives ( 8 life we c trace "s sy/ematic ef=t to make him m unlett]$ ?an he actually 04 ,:at1 let me ask1 d we read 9 ?is attempt at ! h& ( ! editors8 ,9 my op9ion1 ?is emphasis+ ( ! contra/ betwe5 ! two mo/ em95t disciples ( ! fif? patri>* 0 at ! same "t ! emphasis+ ( ! real "* ( ,z5 z indep5d5t ( le>n+ & intellectuality4 ,if ,z5 is1 z its foll[]s claim1 a 8special transmission outside ! scriptural tea*+10 ! und]/&+ ( x mu/ be possible ev5 = ! unlett]$ & unphilosophis+4 ,! greatness ( ,hui-nng z ,z5 ma/] is all ! m enhanc$4 ,?is 0 9 all likelihood ! reason :y ! six? patri>* 0 unreasonably & sometimes ev5 dramatically made unlett]$4 ,secondly1 :y 0 n ! patri>*al robe transf]r$ beyond ,hui-nng8 ,if ,hung-jn advis$ him to keep x ) him1 :at does ! advice really imply8 ,t ! life ( ! possessor ( ! robe w\ld be ?reat5$1 po9ts to ! fact t !re 0 a dispute among ! disciples ( ,hung-jn4 ,did !y reg>d ! robe z ! symbol ( patri>*al au?ority8 ,b :at advantages1 mat]ial or spiritual1 accru$ f ! own]%ip ( x8 ,did ! tea*+ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma come n[ to be believ$ z ! g5u9e transmission ( ! ,buddha8 ,& = t reason did ! robe really cease to signify any?+ relative to ! tru? ( ,z58 ,if s1 :5 ,bodhi-,dh>ma fir/ decl>$ 8 special mission z tea*] ( ,z51 0 he look$ ^u z a h]etic & p]secut$ accord+ly8 ,! leg5d t he 0 poison$ by 8 rival tea*]s f ,india seems to corroborate ?is4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! "q ( ! robe is deeply connect$ ) ! /atus ( ,z5 tea*+ among ! v>i\s s*ools ( ,buddhism at ! "t1 & also ) its firm] hold on ! popul> m9ds ?an ev] be=e4 ,?irdly1 ! secrecy obs]v$ 9 all ! transactions betwe5 ,hung-jn & ,hui-nng conc]n+ ! transmission ( ! ,dh>ma naturally arre/s our att5tion4 ,to raise ! rice-p\nd] :o is n ev5 an orda9$ monk to ! rank ( a patri>*1 ?\gh only 9 "n1 to succe$ a great ma/] :o /&s at ! head ( sev]al hundr$ disciples1 seems to be a real cause = envy & jeal\sy & ev5 = hatr$4 ,b if "o 7 really enlight5$ en\gh to take *>ge ( ! important position ( spiritual lead]%ip1 c\ld n a comb9$ ef=t ( ma/] & pupil )/& all ! opposition8 ,p]haps1 ev5 enlight5m5t c\ld n /& aga9/ human passions s irrational & elem5tal4 ,i _c h[ev] help imag9+ an attempt on ! "p ( ! biograph]s ( ,hui-nng at ! dramatisation ( ! :ole sc5e4 ,i am v likely mi/ak51 & !re might h be5 "s hi/orical conditions ( :i* we are n[ ignorant due to ! lack ( docum5ts4 ,?ree days aft] ! flight ( ,hui-nng f ! ,yell[-plum m\nta9s1 ! news ( :at _h happ5$ 9 secret became nois$ abroad ?r\gh\t ! mona/]y1 & a p>ty ( indignant monks head$ by "o nam$ ,m+1 pursu$ ! fugitive1 ,hui-nng1 :o1 9 accordance ) 8 ma/]'s in/ructions1 0 sil5tly leav+ ! ,bro!rhood4 ,:5 he 0 ov]tak5 by ! pursu]s :ile cross+ a m\nta9-pass f> f ! mona/]y1 he laid d[n 8 robe on a rock ne> by1 & said to ! monk1 ,m+3 8,?is robe symbolises our patri>*al fai? & is n to be c>ri$ away by =ce4 ,take ?is along ) !e1 h[ev]1 if ?\ s desire/40 ,m+ tri$ to lift x b x 0 z heavy z a m\nta94 ,he halt$1 hesitat$1 & trembl$ ) awe4 ,at la/1 he said1 8,i come "h to obta9 ! fai? & n ! robe4 ,o my bro!r monk1 pray dispel my ignorance40 ,said ! six? patri>*1 8,if ?\ come/ = ! fai?1 /op all ?y hank]+s4 ,?9k n ( good1 ?9k n ( evil1 b see :at at ?is mom5t ?y own orig9al face do? look l1 :i* ?\ had/ ev5 prior to ?y own bir?40#d4ed ,be+ ?us dem&$1 ,m+ at once p]ceiv$ ! fundam5tal tru? ( ?+s1 :i* hi!rto he _h s\ght 9 ?+s )\t4 ,he n[ und]/ood ev]y?+1 z if he _h tak5 a cupful ( cold wat] & ta/$ x to 8 own satisfaction4 ,out ( ! imm5sity ( 8 feel+1 he 0 lit]ally ba!d 9 te>s & p]spirations1 & mo/ rev]5tly approa*+ ! patri>* he salut$ him & ask$2 8,besides ?is hidd5 s5se z is embodi$ 9 ^! significant words1 is !re any?+ :i* is secret80 ,! patri>* answ]$1 8,9 :at ,i h %[n to !e !re is no?+ hidd54 ,if ?\ reflecte/ )9 ?yself & recognise/ ?y own face1 :i* 0 be=e ! _w1 secrecy is 9 ?yself40 ,:atev] hi/orical circum/ances surr\nd$ ,hui-nng 9 ^? remote days1 x is c]ta9 t 9 ?is /atem5t1 8to see "o's own face ev5 be=e "o 0 born10 we f9d ! fir/ proclamation ( ! new message :i* 0 de/9$ to unroll a long hi/ory ( ,z5 & to make ,hui-nng really wor?y ( ! patri>*al robe4 ,we c see "h :at a new outlook ,hui-nng has succe$$ 9 op5+ to ! traditional ,indian ,z54 ,9 him we d n recognise any?+ ( ,buddhism z f> z phraseology goes1 :i* means t he op5$ up 8 own way ( pres5t+ ! tru? ( ,z5 aft] 8 orig9al & creative exp]i5ce4 ,prior to him1 ! ,z5 exp]i5ce _h "s borr[+s1 ei!r 9 word+ or 9 me?od1 to express itself4 ,to say1 8,y are ! ,buddha10 or 8,y & ! ,buddha are "o10 or 8,! ,buddha is liv+ 9 y10 is too /ale1 too flat1 because too ab/ract & too conceptual4 ,!y conta9 deep tru? b are n concrete nor vivify+ en\gh to r\se our dormant s\ls f ins5sibility4 ,!y are fill$ up too mu* ) ab/ractions & le>n$ phraseology4 ,hui-nng's simple-m9d$ness n spoil$ by le>n+ & philosophis+ c\ld grasp ! tru? at fir/ h&4 ,h5ce 8 unusual fre%ness 9 ! way he h&l$ ! problem4 ,we may come to ?is aga9 lat]4 ,v ,hung-jn di$1 ,a4,d4 #fge1 f\r ye>sf#ajj aft] ! ,dh>ma 0 transmitt$ to ,hui-nng4 ,he 0 sev5ty-f\r ye>s old4 ,b ,hui-nng nev] />t$ 8 mission "w until "s ye>s lat]1 = 9 accordance ) ! advice ( 8 ma/] he liv$ a seclud$ life 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,"o day he ?\ght t x 0 "t = him to g out 9 ! _w4 ,he 0 n[ ?irty-n9e ye>s old1 & x 0 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,i-fng 7,a4,d4 #fgf7 dur+ ! ,t#8ang dyna/y4 ,he came to ,fa-hs+ temple 9 ! prov9ce ( ,kuang1 :]e a le>n$ prie/1 ,y9-tsung1 0 disc\rs+ on ! ,nirvna ,stra4 ,he saw "s monks argu+ on ! flatt]+ p5nant2 "o ( !m said1 8,! p5nant is an inanimate object & x is ! w9d t makes x flap40 ,aga9/ ?is x 0 rem>k$ by ano!r monk t 8,bo? w9d & p5nant are inanimate ?+s1 & ! flapp+ is an impossibility40 ,a ?ird "o prote/$1 8,! flapp+ is due to a c]ta9 comb9ation ( cause & condition02 :ile a f\r? "o propos$ a !ory1 say+1 8,aft] all !re is no flapp+ p5nant1 b x is ! w9d t is mov+ by itself40 ,! discussion grew q animat$ :5 ,hui-nng int]rupt$ ) ! rem>k1 8,x is nei!r w9d nor p5nant b y\r own m9d t flaps40 ,?is at once put a /op to ! heat$ argum5t4 ,! prie/-s*ol>1 ,y9-tsung1 0 greatly /ruck by ! /atem5t ( ,hui-nng1 s conclusive & au?oritative4 ,f9d+ out v soon :o ?is ,hui-nng 01 ,y9-tsung ask$ him to enlight5 him on ! tea*+ ( ! ma/] ( ,yell[ ,plum ,m\nta94 ,! gi/ ( ,hui-nng's reply 0 z foll[s3 8,my ma/] _h no special in/ruction to give1 he simply insi/$ ^u ! ne$ ( our see+ into our own ,nature ?r\gh our own ef=ts1 he _h no?+ to d ) m$itation1 or ) deliv]ance4 ,= :atev] t c\ld be nam$ leads to dualism1 & ,buddhism is n duali/ic4 ,to take hold ( ?is non-duality ( tru? is ! aim ( ,z54 ,! ,buddha-,nature ( :i* we are all 9 possession1 & ! see+ into :i* con/itutes ,z51 is indivisible into su* oppositions z good & evil1 et]nal & temporal1 mat]ial & spiritual4 ,to see dualism 9 life is due to confusion ( ?\ght2 ! wise1 ! enlight5$ see into ! reality ( ?+s unhamp]$ by errone\s ideas40 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,hui-nng's c>e] z ,z5 ma/]4 ,8 influ5ce seems to h be5 imm$iate & f>-rea*+4 ,he _h _m disciples numb]+ ?\s&s4 ,he did n h[ev] g ar\nd prea*+ & proselyt+4 ,8 activities 7 conf9$ 9 8 own prov9ce 9 ! s\?1 & ! ,pao-l9 mona/]y at ,ts#8ao-*#8i 0 8 headqu>t]s4 ,:5 ! ,emp]or ,kao-tsung le>n$ t ,hui-nng succe$$ ,hung-jn z "o ( ,dh>ma's spiritual desc5dants 9 ! fai? ( ,z51 he s5t him "o ( 8 c\rt (ficials ) an imp]ial message1 b ,hui-nng refus$ to come up to ! capital1 pref]r+ 8 /ay 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,! mess5g] h[ev] wi%$ to be in/ruct$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ,z5 t he might convey x to 8 augu/ ma/] at ,c\rt4 ,said ,hui-nng 9 ! ma9 z foll[s3 8,x is a mi/ake to ?9k t sitt+ quietly 9 contemplation is ess5tial to deliv]ance4 ,! tru? ( ,z5 op5s by itself f )9 & x has no?+ to d ) ! practise ( dhyana4 ,= we read 9 ! ,vajrac*$ik t ^? :o try to see ! ,ta?agata 9 "o ( 8 special attitudes1 z sitt+ or ly+1 d n und]/& 8 _s1 & t ! ,ta?agata is designat$ z ,ta?agata because he comes f n[h]e & dep>ts n[h]e1 & = t reason he is ! ,ta?agata4 ,8 appe>ance has no :5ce1 & 8 disappe>ance no :i!r1 & ?is is ,z54 ,9 ,z5 !re=e !re is no?+ to ga91 no?+ to und]/&2 :at %all we !n d ) sitt+ cross-legg$ & practis+ dhyana8 ,"s may ?9k t und]/&+ is ne$$ to enlight5 ! d>kness ( ignorance1 b ! tru? ( ,z5 is absolute 9 :i* !re is no dualism1 no conditionality4 ,to speak ( ignorance & enlight5m5t1 or ( ,bodhi & ,klea 7wisdom & passions71 z if !y 7 two sep>ate objects :i* _c be m]g$ 9 "o1 is n ,mahayani/ic4 ,9 ! ,mahayana e possible =m ( dualism is condemn$ z n express+ ! ultimate tru?4 ,ev]y?+ is a manife/ation ( ! ,buddha-,nature :i* is n defil$ 9 passions1 nor purifi$ 9 enlight5m5t4 ,x is above all categories4 ,if y want to see :at is ! nature ( y\r be+1 free y\r m9d f ?\ght ( relativity & y w see by y\rself h[ s]5e x is & yet h[ full ( life x is40 99 99 99 99 99 ,:ile ,hui-nng 0 work+ = ! cause ( ,z5 9 ! s\?1 ,%n-hsiu repres5t+ ano!r s*ool 0 active 9 ! nor?4 ,be=e he 0 conv]t$ into ,buddhism1 he 0 a le>n$ ,confucian & ?us de/9$ f ! />t to cut a diff]5t figure1 comp>$ ) 8 bro!r-disciple1 ,hui-nng4 ,! ,emp]or ,wu ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y 0 "o ( ! devot$ foll[]s ( ,%n-hsiu1 & naturally ar\nd him 7 ga!r$ a l>ge numb] ( c\rti]s & gov]nm5t (fic]s4 ,:5 ! ,emp]or ,*ung-tsung came to ! ?rone1 ,a4,d4 #fhe1 he 0 all ! m treat$ ) rev]5ce1 & x 0 ,*ang-%uo1 "o ( ! /ate m9i/]s1 :o inscrib$ a biographical sket* & eulogy on ! memorial /one erect$ ov] 8 grave :5 he di$4 ,"o ( 8 s]mons record$ reads3 8,! tea*+ ( all ! ,buddhas ,9 "o's own ,m9d orig9ally exi/s3 ,to seek ! ,m9d )\t "o's ,self1 ,is l runn+ away f ! fa!r40 ,he di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #gjf1 sev5 ye>s prior to ,hui-nng4 ,8 s*ool kn[n z ! ,nor!rn 9 contra/ to ,hui-nng's ,s\!rn ,s*ool prosp]$ 9 ! nor? f> bett] ?an ! latt] did 9 ! s\?4 ,b :5 ,ma-tsu 7di$ #ghh7 & ,%ih-t#8ou 7#gjj-gij7 began _! active propag&a 9 ! s\? & f9ally e/abli%$ ! f\ndations ( ,z5 tea*+1 ,%n-hsiu's s*ool fail$ to f9d able successors & f9ally disappe>$ altoge!r s t all ! records we h ( _! movem5ts come f ! rival s*ool4 ,x ?us came to pass t ,hui-nng1 & n ,%n-hsiu 0 recognis$ z ! six? patri>* ( ,z5 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,s\!rn & ! ,nor!rn s*ool ( ,z5 is "o inh]5t 9 human m9d2 if we call ! "o intellectual or intuitional1 ! o!r w\ld be reg>d$ z pragmatical4 ,! reason :y ! ,s\!rn s*ool is kn[n z 8abrupt0 or 8in/ant0 7yugapad7 aga9/ ! 8gradual0 7kramavittya7 s*ool ( ! ,nor? is because x upholds t ! com+ ( enlight5m5t is in/antane\s & does n all[ any gradation1 z !re are no /ages ( progress 9 x2 :]eas ! ,nor!rn s*ool emphasises ! process ( arriv+ at enlight5m5t :i* is naturally gradual1 requir+ mu* "t & conc5tration4 ,hui-nng 0 a great advocate ( absolute idealism1 :ile ,%n-hsiu 0 a reali/ & refus$ to ignore a _w ( p>ticul>s :]e ,"t rules ov] all our do+s4 ,an ideali/ does n necess>ily ignore ! objective aspect ( reality1 b 8 eyes are always fix$ at "o po9t :i* /&s by itself1 & 8 survey+s are done f ?is absolute po9t4 ,! doctr9e ( abruptness is ?us ! result ( look+ at ! multitud9\sness ( ?+s 9 absolute unity4 ,all true my/ics are foll[]s ( ! 8abrupt0 s*ool4 ,! flight f ! alone to ! alone is n & _c be a gradual process4 ,! tea*+ ( ,%n-hsiu is to be he$$ z ! practical advice to ^? :o are actually engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ,z51 b x fails to describe ! "* ( exp]i5ce kn[n z 8! see+ into "o's own ,nature10 :i* 0 ! special message ( ,hui-nng z di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! o!r ,buddhi/ s*ools4 ,t ! s*ool ( ,%n-hsiu c\ld n survive z a bran* ( ,z5 0 natural en\gh1 = ,z5 c\ld n be any?+ else b an in/antane\s act ( intuition4 ,z x op5s up all ( a sudd5 a _w hi!rto undream$ (1 x is an abrupt & discrete leap+ f "o plane ( ?\ght to ano!r4 ,hsiu miss$ ! ultimate object ( ,z5 :5 he emphasis$ ! process to rea* ! end4 ,z a practical advis] he 0 !re=e excell5t & full ( m]it4 ,! ideas ( in/antaneity & gradation 9 ! realisation ( ! tru? ( ,z5 orig9ally comes f ! ,lakvatra 7,nanjo's edition1 p4 #ee71 :]e ?is di/9ction is made 9 reg>d to cleans+ "o's m9d ( its /ream ( ideas & images4 ,accord+ to ! ,sutra1 ?is cleans+ is 9 "o s5se gradual b 9 ano!r abrupt or in/antane\s4 ,:5 x is reg>d$ z l ! rip5+ ( a fruit1 ! modell+ ( a vessel1 ! gr[+ ( a plant1 or ! ma/]+ ( an art1 :i* takes place gradually & 9 "t1 x is an act ( gradual process3 b :5 x is comp>able to a mirror reflect+ objects1 or to ! laya reproduc+ all m5tal images1 ! cleans+ ( m9d takes place in/antane\sly4 ,?us ! ,sutra recognises ! two types ( m9ds3 ) "s ! cleans+ to a /ate ( enlight5m5t c be obta9$ gradually aft] a long practice ( m$itation1 p]haps ?r\gh _m a successive life2 b to o!rs x may come all ( a sudd51 ev5 )\t previ\sly consci\s ef=ts4 ,! division ( ! two s*ools z reg>ds ! abrupt realisation ( enlight5m5t is bas$ n only on ! /atem5ts 9 ! ,sutra b ultimately on facts ( psy*ology4 ,! po9t at issue h[ev] 0 n a "q ( "t2 :e!r enlight5m5t took place z an act ( "o mom5t or n1 ceas$ to conc]n !m2 = ! diff]5ce n[ develop$ into t ( _! g5]al philosophical attitude & outlook t[>ds ! fact ( enlight5m5t itself4 ,! "q ( physical "t has ?us turn$ into t ( psy*ology 9 its m pr(\nd aspect4 ,:5 process is emphasis$1 ! end is =gott51 & process itself comes to be id5tifi$ ) end4 ,:5 a disciple ( ,%n-hsiu came to ,hui-nng to be in/ruct$ 9 ,z51 he ask$ :at 0 ! tea*+ ( ,%n-hsiu1 & ! disciple in=m$ him ?us3 8,my ma/] usually tea*es u to /op ! work+ ( our m9ds & to sit quietly 9 m$itation = a long "t at a /ret*1 )\t ly+ d[n40 ,to ?is ,hui-nng respond$3 8,to /op ! work+ ( m9d & to sit quietly 9 m$itation is a disease & n ,z51 & !re is no pr(it :atev] to be ga9$ f a long sitt+40 ,!n he gave him ! foll[+ g?3 8,:ile liv+1 "o sits up & lies n1 ,:5 dead1 "o lies & sits n2 ,a set ( ill-smell+ skeleton6 ,:at is ! use ( toil+ & moil+80#d4ee ,?is %[s exactly :]e ,hui-nng /&s 9 relation to 8 rival ,%n-hsiu :o is s tak5 up ) ! practical details ( ! process ( ,z54 ,^? two g?s inscrib$ on ! mona/]y wall at ,yell[-plum ,m\nta9 :ile !y 7 yet "u ! tutor%ip ( ,hung-jn1 are eloqu5t en\gh to br+ out ! *>act]i/ic features ( ! two s*ools4f#aja ,:5 ,hui-nng fur!r ask$ ! monk f ! nor? z to ! tea*+ ( 8 tea*] 9 reg>d to morality 7la71 m$itation 7dhyna71 & wisdom 7praj71 ! monk said1 8,accord+ to my ma/] ,hsiu1 morality consi/s 9 n do+ any?+ t is bad2 wisdom 9 rev]5tly practis+ all t is good2 & m$itation 9 purify+ ! he>t40 ,repli$ ,hui-nng3 8,my view is q diff]5t4 ,all my tea*+ issues f ! conception ( ,self-,nature1 & ^? :o ass]t ! exi/5ce ( any?+ outside x betray _! ignorance ( its nature4 ,morality1 ,m$itation1 & ,wisdom--all ^! are =ms ( ,self-,nature4 ,:5 !re is no?+ wrong 9 x1 we h morality2 :5 x is free f ignorance1 x is wisdom2 & :5 x is n di/urb$1 x is m$itation4 ,h a ?or\gh und]/&+ once = all z to ! be+ ( ,self-,nature1 & y "k t no?+ duali/ic obta9s 9 x2 = "h y h no?+ to be p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ z enlight5m5t1 or ignorance1 or deliv]ance1 or k1 & yet f ?is no?+ness !re issues a _w ( p>ticul>s z objects ( ?\ght4 ,= him :o has once _h an insight into 8 own ,nature1 no special po/ure z a =m ( m$itation is to be recomm5d$2 ev]y?+ & any?+ is good to him1 sitt+1 or ly+1 or /&+4 ,he enjoys p]fect fre$om ( _s1 he moves along z he feels1 & yet he does no?+ wrong1 he is always act+ 9 accord ) 8 ,self-,nature1 8 "w is play4 ,?is is :at ,i call #8! see+ into "o's own ,nature'2 & ?is see+ is in/antane\s z mu* z ! work+ is1 = !re is no graduat+ process f "o /age to ano!r40 ,,vi ,"s ( ! s]mons ( ! six? patri>* are pres]v$ 9 ! book kn[n z ! ,plat=m ,sutra on ! ,treasure ( ! ,law 7,fa-pao-t#8an-*+74 ,! title1 8sutra0 has g5]ally be5 giv5 to writ+s ascrib$ to ! ,buddha or ^? someh[ p]sonally connect$ ) him1 & t a collection ( ! s]mons ( ,hui-nng has be5 s hon\r$ %[s :at a significant position he occupies 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*9ese ,buddhism4 8,! ,plat=m ,sutra0 has a ref]5ce to ! fam\s ord9ation plat=m erect$ by ,gunabhadra1 ! fir/ translator ( ! ,lakvatra1 ( ! ,liu-sung dyna/y1 ,a4,d4 #dbj-dgi4 ,at ! "t ( ! erection z well z lat]1 x 0 prophesi$ by ,*ih-yeh 7accord+ to ano!r au?ority by ,p>amr?a71 dur+ ! ,liang dyna/y t "s ye>s lat] a ,bodhisattva 9 ! fle% w\ld be orda9$ on ?is plat=m & deliv] s]mons on ! ,buddha's 8spiritual seal40 ,?us ! 8,plat=m ,sutra0 means ! or?odox tea*+ ( ! ,z5 giv5 f ?is plat=m4 ,! s]mons "h pres]v$ are m]e fragm5ts ( ^? deliv]$ dur+ ! ?irty-sev5 ye>s ( ,hui-nng's active mission>y life4 ,ev5 ( ^! fragm5ts h[ mu* is to be reg>d$ z g5u9e & au?oritative is a "q we _c at pres5t give any def9ite answ]1 z ! book seems to h suff]$ ! vicissitudes ( fates1 p>tly %[+ ! fact t ! ,z5 message ( ! six? patri>* 0 extraord9>y 9 _m respects s z to ar\se antagonism & misund]/&+ among ,buddhi/s4 ,:5 ?is antagonism lat] rea*$ its climax1 x is report$ t ! book 0 burn$ up z aga9/ ! g5u9e tea*+ ( ,buddhism4 ,except a few s5t5ces & passages1 h[ev]1 :i* c at once be reject$ z spuri\s1 we may take ! ,plat=m ,sutra on ! :ole z express+ ! _s & tea*+ ( ! six? patri>* ( ,z54 ,! pr9cipal ideas ( ,hui-nng1 :i* make him ! real ,*9ese f\nd] ( ,z5 ,buddhism may be summ$ up z foll[s3 #a4 ,we c say t ,z5 has come to its own consci\sness by ,hui-nng4 ,:ile ,bodhi-,dh>ma br\ght x f ,india & successfully transplant$ x 9 ,*9a1 x did n fully realise its special message at ! "t4 ,m ?an two c5turies 7 ne$$ be=e x grew aw>e ( itself & knew h[ to express itself 9 ! way native to ! ,*9ese m9d2 ! ,indian mode 9 :i* its orig9al tea*+ _h be5 express$ z 0 ! case ) ,bodhi-,dh>ma & 8 imm$iate disciples _h to give way z x 7 to become truly ,*9ese4 ,z soon z ?is trans=mation or transplantation 0 accompli%$ 9 ! h&s ( ,hui-nng1 8 disciples proce$$ at once to "w out all its implications4 ,! result 0 :at we h z ! ,z5 s*ool ( ,buddhism4 ,h[ did !n ,hui-nng und]/& ,z58 ,accord+ to him1 ,z5 0 ! 8see+ into "o's own ,nature40 ,?is is ! mo/ significant phrase ev] co9$ 9 ! developm5t ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,ar\nd ?is ,z5 is n[ cry/allis$1 & we "k :]e to direct our ef=ts & h[ to repres5t x 9 our consci\sness4 ,aft] ?is1 ! progress ( ,z5 ,buddhism 0 rapid4 ,x is true t ?is phrase occurs 9 ! life ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma 9 ! ,records ( ! ,transmission ( ! ,lamp1 b x is 9 ! "p ( 8 life on :i* we _c put mu* reliance4 ,ev5 :5 ! phrase 0 actually us$ by ,dh>ma1 x 0 n necess>ily consid]$ by him ! ess5ce ( ,z5 z di/+ui%+ itself f o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism4 ,hui-nng h[ev] 0 fully aw>e ( its signification1 & impress$ ! idea unequivocally ^u ! m9ds ( 8 audi5ce4 ,:5 he made 8 fir/ decl>ation ( ,z5 = ! b5efit ( ,y9-tsung1 ! /atem5t 0 q unmi/akable1 8,we talk ( see+ into our own ,nature1 & n ( practis+ dhyana or obta9+ lib]ation40#d4ef ,"h we h ! gi/ ( ,z51 & all 8 lat] s]mons are amplifications ( ?is idea4 ,by 8,nature0 he und]/ood ,buddha-,nature1 or m p>ticul>ly f ! intellectual po9t ( view1 ,praj4 ,he says t ?is ,praj is possess$ by e "o ( u1 b ow+ to ! confusion ( ?\ght we fail to realise x 9 ourselves4 ,!re=e we mu/ be in/ruct$ & prop]ly guid$ by an adept 9 ,z5 ,buddhism1 :5 we %all op5 a spiritual eye & by ourselves see into ! ,nature4 ,?is ,nature kn[s no multiplicity1 x is absolute on5ess1 be+ ! same 9 ! ignorant z well z 9 ! wise4 ,! diff]5ce comes f confusion & ignorance4 ,p talk s mu*1 ?9k s mu*1 ( ,praj1 b fail altoge!r to realise x 9 _! own m9ds4 ,x is l talk+ ab\t food all day1 h[ev] mu* we may talk we =ev] rema9 hungry4 ,y may expla9 ! philosophy ( nyat = t5 ?\s& ye>s1 b s long z y h n yet se5 into y\r ,nature1 x is absolutely ( no avail4 ,!re are aga9 "s p :o reg>d ,z5 z consi/+ 9 sitt+ quietly ) an empty m9d devoid ( ?\ghts & feel+s4 ,su* "k n :at ,praj is1 :at ,m9d is4 ,x fills ! univ]se & nev] re/s f "w4 ,x is free1 creative1 & at ! same "t x kn[s itself4 ,x kn[s all 9 "o & "o 9 all4 ,?is my/]i\s work+ ( ,praj issues f y\r own ,nature4 ,d n dep5d ^u lett]s b let y\r own ,praj illum9e )9 y\rself4 #b4 ,! inevitable result ( x 0 ! 8abrupt0 tea*+ ( ! ,nor!rn s*ool4 ,! see+ is an in/ant act z f> z ! m5tal eye takes 9 ! :ole tru? at "o glance--! tru? :i* transc5ds dualism 9 all =m2 x is abrupt z f> z x kn[s no gradations1 no cont9u\s unfold+4 ,read ! foll[+ passage f ! ,plat=m ,sutra1 9 :i* ! ess5tials ( ! abrupt doctr9e are giv53 8,:5 ! abrupt doctr9e is und]/ood1 !re is no ne$ ( discipl9+ oneself 9 ?+s ext]nal4 ,only let a man always h a "r view )9 8 own m9d1 no desires1 no ext]nal objects w ev] defile him4 ,?is is ! see+ into 8 ,nature4 ,o my fri5ds1 h no fix$ abode inside or outside1f#ajb & y\r conduct w be p]fectly free & unfett]$4 ,take away y\r atta*m5t1 & y\r walk w "k no ob/ructions :atev]4444 ,! ignorant w gr[ wise if !y abruptly get an und]/&+ & op5 _! he>ts to ! tru?4 ,o my fri5ds1 ev5 ! ,buddhas w be l u common mortals :5 !y h no enlight5m5t1 & ev5 we mortals w be ,buddhas :5 we are enlight5$4 ,!re=e we "k t all ?+s are 9 our own m9ds4 ,:y d we n !n in/antly see into our own m9ds & f9d !re ! tru? ( ,su*ness8 ,9 ! ,sutra on ! ,moral ,conduct ( ! ,bodhisattva we read t we are all pure 9 our ,self-nature1 & t :5 we "k our own m9ds we see into ?is ,nature & all atta9 to ,buddhahood4 ,says ! ,vimalakrti ,stra1 #8,an in/ant op5+ leads u into ! ,orig9al ,m9d4' ,o my good fri5ds1 :ile "u my ma/] ,jn1 ,i realis$ ! tru? ! mom5t ,i he>d him speak & _h an in/ant i4e4 abrupt glimpse into ! true ess5ce ( ,su*ness4 ,?is is ! reason :y ,i n[ endeav\r by means ( ?is doctr9e to lead tru?-seek]s to an in/ant i4e4 abrupt realisation ( ,bodhi4 ,:5 y by y\rselves look into y\r m9ds1 y p]ceive at once :at ! ,orig9al ,nature is4444 8,^? :o "k by !mselves d n look = any?+ ext]nal4 ,if !y adh]e to ! view t lib]ation comes ?r\gh ext]nal aid1 ?r\gh ! (fice ( a good wise fri5d1 !y are entirely at fault4 ,:y8 ,!re is a kn[] 9 y\r own m9d & x is ?is t makes y realise ! tru? by y\rselves4 ,:5 confusion reigns 9 y & false views are ent]ta9$1 no am\nt ( tea*+ by o!rs1 good wise fri5ds ( y\rs1 w be ( use = y\r salvation4 ,:5 on ! o!r h& y\r g5u9e ,praj %9es =?1 all y\r confus$ ?\ghts w vani% 9 an in/ant4 ,kn[+ ?us :at y\r ,self-,nature is1 y rea* ,buddhahood by ?is s+le und]/&+1 "o k40 #c4 ,:5 ! see+ into ,self-,nature is emphasis$ & intuitive und]/&+ is upheld aga9/ le>n+ & philosophis+1 we "k t z "o ( its logical conclusions ! old view ( m$itation beg9s to be look$ d[n z m]ely a discipl9e 9 m5tal tranquillisation4 ,& ?is 0 exactly ! case ) ! six? patri>*4 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,buddhism !re h be5 two curr5ts ( ?\ght conc]n+ ! mean+ ( m$itation3 ! "o 01 l ,arda & ,udraka :o 7 ! two tea*]s ( ! ,buddha1 to take x = susp5d+ all psy*ic activities or = wip+ consci\sness clean ( all its modes2 & ! o!r 0 to reg>d m$itation simply z ! mo/ efficaci\s means = com+ 9 t\* ) ! ultimate reality4 ,?is fundam5tal diff]5ce ( views ) reg>d to m$itation 0 a cause ( ! unpopul>ity at fir/ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma among ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/s1 s*ol>s & dhyana-ma/]s ( ! "t4 ,x 0 also a factor ( div]g5ce betwe5 ! ,niu-t#8ou s*ool ( ,z5 & ! or?odox tea*+ ( ! f\r? patri>*1 z well z betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ! ,s\!rn s*ool ( ,z5 ,buddhism aft] ! fif? patri>*4 ,hui-nng1 ! six? patri>*1 came out z a /rong advocate ( intuitionalism & refus$ to int]pret ! mean+ ( dhyana /atically1 z x 74 ,= ! ,m9d accord+ to him at ! highe/ /age ( m$itation 0 n a m]e be+1 m]e ab/raction devoid ( cont5t & "w4 ,he want$ to grasp some?+ :i* lay at ! f\ndation ( all 8 activities m5tal & physical1 & ?is some?+ c\ld n be a m]e geometrical po9t1 x mu/ be ! s\rce ( en]gy & k4 ,hui-nng did n =get t ! w 0 aft] all ! ultimate reality & t enlight5m5t 0 to be und]/ood z m ?an intellection1 m ?an quietly contemplat+ ! tru?4 ,! ,m9d or ,self-,nature 0 to be appreh5d$ 9 ! mid/ ( its work+ or function+4 ,! object ( dhyana 0 ?us n to /op ! work+ ( ,self-,nature b to make u plunge "r into its /ream & seize x 9 ! v act4 ,8 intuitionalism 0 dynamic4 ,9 ! foll[+ dialogues bo? ,hui-nng & 8 disciples are /ill us+ ! old] t]m9ology b ! import ( ?is p>ley is illu/rative ( ! po9t ,i want to specify4 ,hsan-*iao fir/ /udi$ ,t#8i5-tai philosophy & lat] :ile read+ ! ,vimalakrti he discov]$ 8 ,self-,nature4 ,be+ advis$ to see ! six? patri>* 9 ord] to h 8 exp]i5ce c]tifi$ or te/ifi$1 he came to ,tsao-*#8i4 ,he walk$ ar\nd ! ma/] ?ree times & erect+ 8 /aff /raight /ood be=e him4 ,said ! ma/]1 8,monks are suppos$ to obs]ve ?ree hundr$ rules ( conduct & eighty ?\s& m9or ones2 :5ce come/ ?\1 s full ( pride80 8,bir?-&-dea? is a matt] ( grave conc]n1 & "t waits = nobody60 said ! ,t#8i5-tai philosoph]4 8,:y do/ ?\ n grasp t :i* is bir?less & see into t :i* is timeless80 ! ma/] dem&$4 8,bir?less is t :i* grasps1 & timeless is t :i* sees into40 8,t is s1 t is s10 agre$ ! ma/]4 ,:5 ?is 0 ov]1 ,hsan-*iao came to ,hui-nng aga9 9 ! full attire ( ! ,buddhi/ monk1 & rev]5tly b[+ to ! ma/] wi%$ to take leave ( him4 ,said ! ma/]1 8,:y dep>te/ ?\ s soon80 8,!re is f ! v beg9n+ no su* ?+ z movem5t1 & !n :y talke/ ?\ ( be+ soon80 8,:o kn[s t !re is no movem5t80 retort$ ! ma/]4 8,!re10 exclaim$ ,hsan-*iao1 8?\ make/ a judgm5t ?yself60 8,?\ truly compreh5de/ ! int5t ( t :i* is bir?less40 8,h[ c\ld ! bir?less ev] h an int5t80 ,hsan-*iao ask$4 8,if !re 7 no int5t1 :o c\ld ev] judge80 8,judgm5ts are made ) no int5t :atev]40 ,?is 0 ! conclusion ( ,*iao4 ,! ma/] !n express$ 8 deep appreciation ( ,hsan-*iao's view on ! subject1 say+1 8,well ?\ ha/ said60#d4eg ,*ih-huang 0 an adept 9 m$itation :i* he /udi$ "u ! fif? patri>*4 ,aft] tw5ty ye>s' discipl9e he ?\ght he well und]/ood ! purport ( m$itation or samadhi4 ,hsan-ts#81 le>n+ 8 atta9m5t1 visit$ him & said1 8,:at are y do+ !re80 8,i am ent]+ into a samadhi40 8,y speak ( ent]+1 b h[ d y ent] into samadhi--) a ?\ght-ful m9d or ) a ?\ght-less m9d8 ,if y say ) a ?\ght-less m9d1 all non-s5ti5t be+s su* z plants or bricks c\ld atta9 samadhi4 ,if y say ) a ?\ght-ful m9d1 all s5ti5t be+s c\ld atta9 x40 8,:5 ,i ent] into samadhi10 said ,*ih-huang1 8,i am n consci\s ( ei!r be+ ?\ghtful or be+ ?\ghtless40 8,if y are consci\s ( nei!r1 y are "r 9 samadhi all ! :ile2 :y d y !n talk at all ( ent]+ into x or com+ out ( x8 ,if h[ev] !re is really ent]+ or com+ out1 x is n ,great ,samadhi40 ,*ih-huang did n "k h[ to answ]4 ,aft] a :ile he ask$ :o 0 ,hsan-ts#8's tea*] & :at 0 8 und]/&+ ( samadhi4 ,said ,hsan-ts#81#d4eh 8,hui-nng is my tea*]1 & accord+ to him1 ! ultimate tru? lies my/ically s]5e & p]fectly quiet2 sub/ance & function are n to be sep>at$1 !y are ( "o ,su*ness4 ,! five sk&has are empty 9 _! nature1 & ! six s5se-objects h no reality4 ,! tru? kn[s ( nei!r ent]+ nor go+ out1 nei!r be+ tranquil nor di/urb$4 ,dhyana 9 ess5ce has no fix$ abode4 ,)\t atta*+ y\rself to an abode1 be s]5e 9 dhyana4 ,dhyana 9 ess5ce is bir?less2 )\t atta*+ y\rself to ! ?\ght ( bir? -&-dea? ?9k 9 dhyana4 ,h y\r m9d l unto space & yet h no ?\ght ( space40 ,?us le>n+ ( ! six? patri>*'s view on samadhi or dhyana1 ,*ih-huang came to ! ma/] himself & ask$ to be fur!r enlight5$4 ,said ! patri>*1 8,:at ,hsan-ts#8 told y is true4 ,h y\r m9d l unto space & yet ent]ta9 9 x no ?\ght ( empt9ess4 ,!n ! tru? w h its full activity unimp$$4 ,e movem5t ( y\rs w come out ( an innoc5t he>t & ! ignorant & ! wise w h an equal treatm5t 9 y\r h&s4 ,subject & object w lose _! di/9ction1 & ess5ce & appe>ance w be ( "o su*ness4 ,:5 a _w ( absolute on5ess is ?us realis$1 y h atta9$ to et]nal samadhi40 ,to make ! position ( ! six? patri>* on ! subject ( m$itation /ill cle>] & m def9ite1 let me quote ano!r incid5t f 8 ,plat=m ,sutra4 ,a monk once made ref]5ce to a g? compos$ by ,wo-luan :i* read z foll[s #d4ei3 8,i1 ,wo-luan1 "k a device ,:]eby to blot out all my ?\ghts3 ,! objective _w no m /irs ! m9d1 ,& daily matures my ,enlight5m5t60 ,he>+ ?is1 ! six? patri>* rem>k$3 8,t is no enlight5m5t b leads "o into a /ate ( bondage4 ,li/5 to my g?3 8,i1 ,hui-nng1 "k no device1 ,my ?\ghts are n suppress$3 ,! objective _w ev] /irs ! m9d1 ,& :at is ! use ( matur+ ,enlight5m5t80 ,^! w be suffici5t to %[ t ,hui-nng1 ! six? patri>*1 0 on ! "o h& no quieti/1 nor nihili/ advocat+ ! doctr9e ( absolute empt9ess1 :ile on ! o!r h& he 0 no ideali/ ei!r1 9 ! s5se ( d5y+ an objective _w4 ,8 dhyana 0 full ( action1 yet above a _w ( p>ticul>s1 s long z x 0 n c>ri$ away by x & 9 x4 #d4 ,hui-nng's me?od ( demon/rat+ ! tru? ( ,z5 0 purely ,*9ese & n ,indian4 ,he did n resort to ab/ract t]m9ology nor to romantic my/icism4 ,! me?od 0 direct1 pla91 concrete1 & highly practical4 ,:5 ! monk ,m+ came to him & ask$ = in/ruction1 he said1 8,%[ me y\r orig9al face be=e y 7 born40 ,is n ! /atem5t q to ! po9t8 ,no philosophic disc\rse1 no elaborate reason+1 no my/ic imag]y1 b a direct unequivocal dictum4 ,9 ?is ! six? patri>* cut ! fir/ turf & 8 disciples quickly & effici5tly foll[$ 9 8 /eps4 ,notice h[ brilliantly ,l9-*i made use ( ?is me?od 9 8 s]mon on a 8true man ( no title40 7,see ! 8,introduction407 ,to give ano!r in/ance4 ,:5 ,hui-nng saw ,huai-jang1 ( ,nan-yeh1 he said1 8,:5ce come/ ?\80 :i* 0 foll[$ by 8,:at is x t s come?80#d4fj ,x took = ,huai-jang eight long ye>s to answ] ! "q satisfactorily4 ,aft]w>ds ?is way ( que/ion+ became almo/ an e/abli%$ =m ( greet+ ) ,z5 ma/]s4 ,nan-yan ask$ a newly arriv$ monk1 8,:5ce come/ ?\80 8,i am f ,han-%ang40 ,said ! ma/]1 8,y are at fault z mu* z ,i am40#d4fa ,hsiang-yn ask$ ,san-%ng1 8,:5ce come/ ?\80 8,f ,l9-*i40 8,br+e/ ?\ 8 sword80 ,san-%ng took up 8 seat-clo? 7tso-*u7 & /ruck ,hsiang-yn across 8 m\? & w5t away4#d4fb ,! ,v5]able ,*#8en ask$ a monk1 8,:5ce come/ ?\80 8,f ,yang-%an40 8,?\ art a li>60 0 ! v]dict ( ! ma/]4#d4fc ,ano!r "t he ask$ ano!r monk1 8,:5ce come/ ?\80 8,f ,we/ ( ! ,riv]1 sir40 8,h[ _m s&als ha/ ?\ worn out80 ,?is monk _h evid5tly a g5tl] treatm5t4 ,?is diff]5ce ( me?od betwe5 ! ,indian & ! ,*9ese (t5 rais$ ! "q z to ! diff]5ce1 if !re be1 betwe5 ! 8,ta?agata ,dhyana0 & ! 8,patri>*al ,dhyana40 ,= in/ance1 :5 ,hsiang-yn %[$ 8 song ( pov]ty to ,yang-%an1 ! latt] said1 8,y und]/& ! ,ta?agata ,dhyana b n yet ! ,patri>*al ,dhyana40 ,:5 ask$ ab\t ! diff]5ce1 ,mu-*\ repli$1 8,! gre5 m\nta9s are gre5 m\nta9s1 & ! :ite cl\ds are :ite cl\ds40#d4fd ,,vii ,hui-nng di$ at ! age ( sev5ty-six 9 ,a4,d4 #gab1 :ile ! ,t#8ang dyna/y 0 enjoy+ its halcyon days & ,*9ese culture rea*$ ! highe/ po9t 9 its hi/ory4 ,a little ov] "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! pass+ ( ! six? patri>*1 ,liu ,tsung-yan1 "o ( ! mo/ brilliant lit]ati 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*9ese lit]ature1 wrote a memorial inscription on 8 tomb-/one :5 he 0 hon\r$ by ! ,emp]or ,hsi5-tsung ) ! po/hum\s title1 ,great ,mirror 7tai-*i571& 9 ?is we read#d4fe3 8,9 a six? transmission aft] ,dh>ma !re 0 ,tai-*i54 ,he 0 fir/ engag$ 9 m5ial lab\r & s]vile "w4 ,j a few words f ! ma/] 7 en\gh & he at once und]/ood ! deepe/ mean+ convey$ 9 !m4 ,! ma/] 0 greatly impress$ & f9ally conf]r$ on him an insignia ( fai?4 ,aft] t he hid himself 9 ! s\!rn di/rict1 nobody he>d ( him aga9 = sixte5 ye>s :5 he ?\ght ! "t 0 ripe = him to come out ( ! seclusion4 ,he 0 settl$ at ,ts#8ao-*#8i & began to tea*4 ,! numb] ( disciples is said once to h rea*$ sev]al ?\s&s4 ,accord+ to 8 doctr9e1 non-do+ is reality1 empt9ess is ! tru?1 & ! ultimate mean+ ( ?+s is va/ & immovable4 ,he taught t human nature 9 its beg9n+ z well z 9 ! end is ?or\ghly good & does n require any artificial we$+-out1 = x has its root 9 t :i* is s]5e4 ,! ,emp]or ,*ung-tsung he>d ( him & s5t 8 c\rti] twice ask+ him to appe> at ,c\rt b fail$ to get him out4 ,s ! ,emp]or _h 8 words in/ead :i* he took = 8 spiritual guidance4 ,! tea*+ ( ! six? patri>* 9 detail is g5]ally accessible to-day2 all ^? :o talk at all ab\t ,z5 f9d _! s\rce ( in=mation 9 ,ts#8ao-*#8i40f#ajc ,aft] ,hui-nng ,z5 0 split up into sev]al s*ools1 two ( :i* h surviv$ ev5 d[n to ?is day1 9 ,*9a z well z 9 ,japan4 ,! "o repres5t$ by ,hs+-sz1 ( ,*#8+-yan1 7di$ #gdj71 cont9ues n[ z ! ,soto 7,ts#8ao-tung7 s*ool ( ,z51 & ! o!r com+ d[n ! l9e ( ,huai-jang1 ( ,nan-yeh 7#fgg-gdd71d4ff is n[ repres5t$ by ! ,r9zai 7,l9-*i7 s*ool4 ,?\gh mu* modifi$ 9 v>i\s aspects1 ! pr9ciple & _s ( ,z5 ,buddhism is /ill alive z x 0 9 ! days ( ! six? patri>*1 & z "o ( ! great spiritual h]itages ( ! ,ea/ x is /ill wield+ its unique influ5ce especially among ! cultur$ p 9 ,japan4 ,,on ,,satori--,,! ,,revelation ,,( ,a ,,new ,,tru? ,,9 ,,z5 ,,buddhism ,,on ,,satori--,,! ,,revelation ,,( ,a ,,new ,,tru? ,,9 ,,z5 ,,buddhism ,i ,! ess5ce ( ,z5 ,buddhism consi/s 9 acquir+ a new viewpo9t ( look+ at life & ?+s g5]ally4 ,by ?is ,i mean t if we want to get into ! inmo/ life ( ,z51 we mu/ =ego all our ord9>y habits ( ?9k+ :i* control our ev]yday life1 we mu/ try to see if !re is any o!r way ( judg+ ?+s1 or r if our ord9>y way is always suffici5t to give u ! ultimate satisfaction ( our spiritual ne$s4 ,if we feel dissatisfi$ someh[ ) ?is life1 if !re is some?+ 9 our ord9>y way ( liv+ t deprives u ( fre$om 9 its mo/ sanctifi$ s5se1 we mu/ endeav\r to f9d a way some:]e :i* gives u a s5se ( f9ality & cont5tm5t4 ,z5 proposes to d ?is = u & assures u ( ! acquirem5t ( a new po9t ( view 9 :i* life assumes a fre%]1 deep]1 & m satisfy+ aspect4 ,?is acquirem5t1 h[ev]1 is really & naturally ! greate/ m5tal cataclysm "o c g ?r\gh ) 9 life4 ,x is no easy task1 x is a k9d ( fi]y baptism1 & "o has to g ?r\gh ! /orm1 ! e>?quake1 ! ov]?r[+ ( ! m\nta9s1 & ! break+ 9 pieces ( ! rocks4 ,?is acquir+ ( a new po9t ( view 9 our deal+s ) life & ! _w is popul>ly call$ by ,japanese ,z5 /ud5ts 8satori0#e4a 7wu 9 ,*9ese74 ,x is really ano!r "n = ,enlight5m5t 7anutt>a-samyak-sabodhi71 :i* is ! ^w us$ by ! ,buddha & 8 ,indian foll[]s ev] s9ce 8 realisation "u ! ,bodhi-tree by ! ,riv] ,nairajan4 ,!re are sev]al o!r phrases 9 ,*9ese designat+ ?is spiritual exp]i5ce1 ea* ( :i* has a special connotation1 %[+ t5tatively h[ ?is ph5om5on is int]pret$4 ,at all ev5ts1 !re is no ,z5 )\t satori1 :i* is inde$ ! ,alpha & ,omega ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,z5 devoid ( satori is l a sun )\t its light & heat4 ,z5 may lose all its lit]ature1 all its mona/]ies1 & all its p>aph]nalia2 b z long z !re is satori 9 x1 x w survive to et]nity4 ,i want to emphasise ?is mo/ fundam5tal fact conc]n+ ! v life ( ,z52 = !re are "s ev5 among ! /ud5ts ( ,z5 !mselves :o are bl9d to ?is c5tral fact & are apt to ?9k :5 ,z5 has be5 expla9$ away logically or psy*ologically or z "o ( ! ,buddhi/ philosophies :i* c be summ$ up by us+ highly te*nical & conceptual ,buddhi/ phrases1 ,z5 is exhau/$ & !re rema9s no?+ 9 x t makes x :at x is4 ,b my cont5tion is1 ! life ( ,z5 beg9s ) ! op5+ ( satori 7kai wu 9 ,*9ese74#e4b ,satori may be def9$ z an intuitive look+ into ! nature ( ?+s 9 contradi/9ction to ! analytical or logical und]/&+ ( x4 ,practically1 x means ! unfold+ ( a new _w hi!rto unp]ceiv$ 9 ! confusion ( a duali/ically-tra9$ m9d4 ,or we may say t ) satori our entire surr\nd+s are view$ f q an unexpect$ angle ( p]ception4 ,:atev] ?is is1 ! _w = ^? :o h ga9$ a satori is no m ! old _w z x us$ to be2 ev5 ) all its fl[+ /reams & burn+ fires1 x is nev] ! same "o aga94 ,logically /at$1 all its opposites & contradictions are unit$ & h>monis$ into a consi/5t organic :ole4 ,?is is a my/]y & a miracle1 b accord+ to ! ,z5 ma/]s su* is be+ p]=m$ e day4 ,satori c ?us be _h only ?r\gh our once p]sonally exp]i5c+ x4 ,its semblance or analogy 9 a m or less feeble & fragm5t>y way is ga9$ :5 a difficult ma!matical problem is solv$1 or :5 a great discov]y is made1 or :5 a sudd5 means ( escape is realis$ 9 ! mid/ ( mo/ desp]ate complications1 9 %ort1 :5 "o exclaims1 8,eureka6 eureka60 ,b ?is ref]s only to ! intellectual aspect ( satori1 :i* is !re=e necess>ily p>tial & incomplete & does n t\* ! v f\ndations ( life consid]$ "o indivisible :ole4 ,satori z ! ,z5 exp]i5ce mu/ be conc]n$ ) ! entirety ( life4 ,= :at ,z5 proposes to d is ! revolution1 & ! revaluation z well1 ( oneself z a spiritual unity4 ,! solv+ ( a ma!matical problem ends ) ! solution1 x does n affect "o's :ole life4 ,s ) all o!r p>ticul> que/ions1 practical or sci5tific1 !y d n ent] ! basic life-tone ( ! individual conc]n$4 ,b ! op5+ ( satori is ! re-mak+ ( life itself4 ,:5 x is g5u9e--= !re are _m simulacra ( x--its effects on "o's moral & spiritual life are revolution>y1 & !y are s enhanc+1 purify+1 z well z exact+4 ,:5 a ma/] 0 ask$ :at con/itut$ ,buddhahood1 he answ]$1 8,! bottom ( a pale is brok5 ?r\gh40 ,f ?is we c see :at a complete revolution is produc$ by ?is spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,! bir? ( a new man is really cataclysmic4 ,9 ! psy*ology ( religion ?is spiritual enhancem5t ( "o's :ole life is call$ 8conv]sion40 ,b z ! t]m is g5]ally us$ by ,*ri/ian conv]ts1 x _c be appli$ 9 its /rict s5se to ! ,buddhi/ exp]i5ce1 especially to t ( ! ,z5 foll[]s2 ! t]m has too affective or emotional a %ade to take ! place ( satori1 :i* is above all noetic4 ,! g5]al t5d5cy ( ,buddhism is z we "k m intellectual ?an emotional1 & its doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t di/+ui%es x %>ply f ! ,*ri/ian view ( salvation2 ,z5 z "o ( ! ,mahayana s*ools naturally %>es a l>ge am\nt ( :at we may call transc5d5tal intellectualism :i* does n issue 9 logical dualism4 ,:5 poetically or figuratively express$1 satori is 8! op5+ ( ! m9d-fl[]10#e4c or 8! remov+ ( ! b>10#e4d or 8! bright5+ up ( ! m9d-works40#e4e ,all ^! t5d to mean ! cle>+ up ( a passage :i* has be5 someh[ block$1 prev5t+ ! free1 unob/ruct$ op]ation ( a ma*9e or a full display ( ! inn] works4 ,) ! removal ( ! ob/ruction1 a new vi/a op5s be=e "o1 b\ndless 9 expanse & rea*+ ! end ( "t4 ,z life ?us feels q free 9 its activity1 :i* 0 n ! case be=e ! awak5+1 x n[ enjoys itself to ! fulle/ ext5t ( its possibilities1 to atta9 :i* is ! object ( ,z5 discipl9e4 ,?is is (t5 tak5 to be equival5t to 8vacuity ( int]e/ & pov]ty ( purpose40 ,b accord+ to ! ,z5 ma/]s ! doctr9e ( non-a*ievem5t conc]ns itself ) ! subjective attitude ( m9d :i* goes beyond ! limitations ( ?\ght4 ,x does n d5y e?ical ideals1 nor does x transc5d !m2 x is simply an inn] /ate ( consci\sness )\t ref]5ce to its objective consequ5ces4 ,,ii ,! com+ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma 7,bodai-d>uma 9 ,japanese1 ,p#8u-ti ,ta-mo 9 ,*9ese7 to ,*9a e>ly 9 ! six? c5tury 0 simply to introduce ?is satori elem5t into ! body ( ,buddhism ^: advocates 7 !n s engross$ 9 subtleties ( philosophical discussion or 9 ! m]e lit]>y obs]vance ( rituals & discipl9>y rules4 ,by ! 8absolute transmission ( ! spiritual seal0#e4f :i* 0 claim$ by ! fir/ patri>*1 is meant ! op5+ ( satori1 obta9+ an eye to see into ! _s ( ! ,buddhi/ tea*+4 ,! six? patri>*1 ,y5o 7,hui-nng71 0 di/+ui%$ because ( 8 uphold+ ! satori aspect ( dhyana aga9/ ! m]e m5tal tranquillisation ( ! ,nor!rn ,s*ool ( ,z5 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,j9%u 7,%n-hsiu74 ,baso 7,ma-tsu71 ,obaku 7,huan-po71 ,r9zai 7,l9-*i71 & all ! o!r />s illum9at+ ! e>ly days ( ,z5 9 ! ,t#8ang dyna/y 7 advocates ( satori4 ,_! life-activities 7 unceas+ly direct$ t[>ds ! advancem5t ( ?is2 & z "o c readily recognise1 !y s diff]$ f ^? m]ely absorb$ 9 contemplation or ! practis+ ( dhyana s call$4 ,!y 7 /rongly aga9/ quietism1 decl>+ its adh]5ts to be purbl9d & liv+ 9 ! cave ( d>kness4 ,be=e we g on1 x is advisable1 !re=e1 to h ?is po9t cle>ly und]/ood s t we leave no d\bt z to ! ultimate purport ( ,z51 :i* is by no means wa/+ "o's life away 9 a trance-induc+ practise1 b consi/s 9 see+ into ! life ( "o's be+ or op5+ an eye ( satori4 ,!re is 9 ,japan a book go+ "u ! title ( ,six ,essays by ,%o%itsu 7t is1 by ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 ! fir/ patri>* ( ,z572 ! book conta9s no d\bt "s ( ! say+s ( ,dh>ma1 b mo/ ( ! essays are n 82 !y 7 probably compos$ dur+ ! ,t#8ang dyna/y :5 ,z5 ,buddhism began to make its influ5ce m g5]ally felt among ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/s4 ,! _s h[ev] p]vad+ ! book is 9 p]fect accord ) ! pr9ciple ( ,z54 ,"o ( ! essays entitl$ 8,ke*imyakuron10 or 8,treatise on ! ,l9eage ( ,fai?10#e4g discusses ! "q ( ,*i5-hs+f#ajd or satori1 :i*1 accord+ to ! au?or con/itutes ! ess5ce ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,! foll[+ passages are extracts4 8,if y wi% to seek ! ,buddha1 y ought to see into y\r own ,nature 7hs+72 = ?is ,nature is ! ,buddha himself4 ,if y h n se5 into y\r own ,nature1 :at is ! use ( ?9k+ ( ! ,buddha1 recit+ ! ,sutras1 obs]v+ a fa/1 or keep+ ! precepts8 ,by ?9k+ ( ! ,buddha1 y\r cause i4e41 m]itori\s de$ may be> fruit2 by recit+ ! ,sutras y\r intellig5ce may gr[ bright]2 by keep+ ! precepts y may be born 9 ! heav5s2 by practis+ *>ity y may be rew>d$ abundantly2 b z to seek+ ! ,buddha1 y are f> away f him4 ,if y\r ,self is n yet cle>ly compreh5d$1 y ought to see a wise tea*] & get a ?or\gh und]/&+ z to ! root ( bir?-&-dea?4 ,"o :o has n se5 into "o's own ,nature1 is n to be call$ a wise tea*]4 8,:5 ?is see+ into "o's own ,nature is n atta9$1 "o _c escape f ! transmigration ( bir?-&-dea?1 h[ev] well "o may be v]s$ 9 ! /udy ( ! sacr$ scriptures 9 twelve divisions4 ,no "t w ev] come to "o to get out ( ! suff]+s ( ! triple _w4 ,anci5tly !re 0 a ,bhik%u ,z5%o 7,%an-hs+f#aje7 :o 0 capable ( recit+ all ! twelve divisions ( scriptures1 yet he c\ld n save himself f transmigration1 because he _h no insight into 8 own ,nature4 ,if ?is 0 ! case ev5 ) ,z5%o1 h[ ab\t ^? mod]n]s :o be+ able to disc\rse only on a few ,sutras & a/ras reg>d !mselves z expon5ts ( ,buddhism8 ,!y are truly simple-m9d$ ones4 ,:5 ,m9d is n und]/ood1 x is absolutely ( no avail to recite & disc\rse on idle lit]ature4 ,if y want to seek ! ,buddha1 y ought to see into y\r own ,nature1 :i* is ! ,buddha himself4 ,! ,buddha is a free man--a man :o nei!r works nor a*ieves4 ,if1 in/ead ( see+ into y\r own ,nature1 y turn away & seek ! ,buddha 9 ext]nal ?+s1 y w nev] get at him4 8,! ,buddha is y\r own ,m9d1 make no mi/ake to b[ to ext]nal objects4 #8,buddha' is a ,we/]n ^w1 & 9 ?is c\ntry x means #8enlight5$ nature'2 & by #8enlight5$' is meant #8spiritually enlight5$4' ,x is "o's own spiritual ,nature 9 enlight5m5t t responds to ! ext]nal _w1 comes 9 contact ) objects1 raises ! eyebr[s1 w9ks ! eyelids1 & moves ! h&s & legs4 ,?is ,nature is ! ,m9d1 & ! ,m9d is ! ,buddha1 & ! ,buddha is ! ,way1 & ! ,way is ,z54 ,?is simple ^w1 ,z51 is beyond ! compreh5sion bo? ( ! wise & ! ignorant4 ,to see directly into "o's orig9al ,nature1 ?is is ,z54 ,ev5 if y are well le>n$ 9 hundr$s ( ! ,sutras & a/ras1 y /ill rema9 an ignoramus 9 ,buddhism :5 y h n yet se5 into y\r orig9al ,nature4 ,buddhism is n !re 9 m]e le>n+4 ,! highe/ tru? is unfa?omably deep1 is n an object ( talk or discussion1 & ev5 ! canonical texts h no way to br+ x )9 our rea*4 ,let u once see into our own orig9al ,nature & we h ! tru? ev5 :5 we are q illit]ate1 n kn[+ a ^w4444 8,^? :o h n se5 into _! own ,nature1 may read ! ,sutras1 ?9k ( ! ,buddha1 /udy long1 "w h>d1 practise religion ?r\gh\t ! six p]iods ( ! day1 sit = a long "t & nev] lie d[n = sleep1 & may be wide 9 le>n+ & well-in=m$ 9 all ?+s2 & !y may believe t all ?is is ,buddhism4 ,all ! ,buddhas 9 successive ages only talk ( see+ into "o's ,nature4 ,all ?+s are imp]man5t2 until y get an insight into y\r ,nature1 d n say1 #8,i h p]fect k4' ,su* is really committ+ a v grave crime4 n&a1 "o ( ! t5 great disciples ( ! ,buddha1 0 kn[n = 8 wide in=mation1 b did n h any insight into ,buddhahood1 because he 0 s b5t on ga9+ in=mation only44440 99 99 99 99 99 ,! six? patri>*1 ,hui-nng 7,y5o71 insi/s on ?is 9 a mo/ unmi/akable way :5 he answ]s ! "q3 8,z to y\r commission f ! fif? patri>* ( ,huang-mei1 h[ d y direct & in/ruct o!rs 9 x80 ,! answ] 03 8,no direction1 no in/ruction !re is2 we speak only ( see+ into "o's ,nature & n ( practis+ dhyana & seek+ deliv]ance !reby40 ,else:]e !y are designat$ z ! 8confus$0 & 8n wor? consult+ )10 !y t are empty-m9d$ & sit quietly hav+ no ?\ghts :atev]2 :]eas 8ev5 ignorant ones1 if !y all ( a sudd5 realise ! tru? & op5 _! m5tal eyes1 are aft] all wise m5 & may atta9 ev5 to ,buddhahood40 ,aga9 :5 ! patri>* 0 told ( ! me?od ( in/ruction adopt$ by ! ma/]s ( ! ,nor!rn ,s*ool ( ,z51 :i* consi/$ 9 /opp+ all m5tal activities1 quietly absorb$ 9 contemplation1 & 9 sitt+ cross-legg$ = ! longe/ :ile at a /ret*1 he decl>$ su* practises to be abnormal & n at all to ! po9t1 be+ f> f ! tru? ( ,z51 & add$ ?is /anza :i* 0 quot$ else:]e3 8,:ile liv+ "o sits up & lies n1 ,:5 dead1 "o lies & sits n2 ,a set ( ill-smell+ skeleton6 ,:at is ! use ( toil+ & moil+ s80 ,:5 at ,dembo91 ,baso us$ to sit cross-legg$ all day & m$itat+4 ,8 ma/]1 ,nangaku ,yejo 7,nan-yeh ,huai-jang1 #fgg-gdd71 saw him & ask$1#e4h 8,:at seeke/ ?\ "h ?us sitt+ cross-legg$80 8,my desire is to become a ,buddha40 ,!reupon1 ! ma/] took up a piece ( brick & began to poli% x h>d on ! /one ne>by4 8,:at worke/ ?\ on s1 my ma/]80 ask$ ,baso4 8,i am try+ to turn ?is into a mirror40 8,no am\nt ( poli%+ w make a mirror ( ! brick1 sir40 8,if s1 no am\nt ( sitt+ cross-legg$ z ?\ doe/ w make ( !e a ,buddha10 said ! ma/] 8,:at %all ,i h to d !n80 8,x is l driv+ a c>t2 :5 x move? n1 wilt ?\ :ip ! c>t or ! ox80 ,baso made no answ]4 ,! ma/] cont9u$3 8,wilt ?\ practice ?is sitt+ cross-legg$ 9 ord] to atta9 dhyana or to atta9 ,buddhahood8 ,if x is dhyana1 dhyana does n consi/ 9 sitt+ or ly+2 if x is ,buddhahood1 ! ,buddha has no fix$ =ms4 ,z he has no abid+ place any:]e1 no "o c take hold ( him1 nor c he be let g4 ,if ?\ seeke/ ,buddhahood by ?us sitt+ cross-legg$1 ?\ murd]e/ him4 ,s long z ?\ free/ ?yself n f sitt+ s1f#ajf ?\ nev] come/ to ! tru?40 ,^! are all pla9 /atem5ts1 & no d\bts are left z to ! ultimate end ( ,z51 :i* is n s9k+ oneself into a /ate ( torpidity by sitt+ quietly aft] ! fa%ion ( a ,h9du sa9t & try+ to exclude all ! m5tal rippl+s t seem to come up f n[h]e & aft] a :ile pass away--:]e nobody kn[s4 ,^! prelim9>y rem>ks w help ! read] c>efully to consid] ! foll[+ 8,que/ions & ,answ]s0#e4i 7kn[n z ,mondo 9 ,japanese72 = !y w illu/rate my !sis t ,z5 aims at ! op5+ ( satori1 or at acquir+ a new po9t ( view z reg>ds life & ! univ]se4 ,! ,z5 ma/]s1 z we see bel[1 are always f\nd try+ to avail !mselves ( e app>5tly trivial incid5t ( life 9 ord] to make ! disciples' m9ds fl[ into a *annel hi!rto altoge!r unp]ceiv$4 ,x is l pick+ a hidd5 lock1 ! flood ( new exp]i5ces gu%es =? f ! op5+4 ,x is aga9 l ! clock's /rik+ ! h\rs2 :5 ! appo9t$ "t comes x clicks1 & ! :ole p]cussion ( s\nds is releas$4 ,! m9d seems to h some?+ ( ?is me*anism2 :5 a c]ta9 mom5t is rea*$1 a hi!rto clos$ scre5 is lift$1 an entirely new vi/a op5s up1 & ! tone ( "o's :ole life !reaft] *anges4 ,?is m5tal click+ or op5+ is call$ satori by ! ,z5 ma/]s & is insi/$ ^u z ! ma9 object ( _! discipl9e4 ,9 ?is connection ! read] w f9d ! foll[+ words ( ,mei/] ,eckh>t q illum9ative3 8,^u ?is matt] a hea!n sage ha? a f9e say+ 9 spee* ) ano!r sage3 #8,i become aw>e ( some?+ 9 me :i* fla%es ^u my reason4 ,i p]ceive ( x t x is some?+1 b :at x is ,i _c p]ceive4 ,only meseems t1 c\ld ,i conceive x1 ,i %\ld compreh5d all tru?4'0f#ajg ,,iii ,! records quot$ bel[ d n always give ! :ole hi/ory ( ! m5tal developm5t lead+ up to a satori1 t is1 f ! fir/ mom5t :5 ! disciple came to ! ma/] until ! la/ mom5t ( realisation1 ) all ! int]mitt5t psy*ological vicissitudes :i* he _h to g ?r\gh4 ,! examples are j to %[ t ! :ole ,z5 discipl9e ga9s mean+ :5 !re takes place ?is turn+ ( ! m5tal h+e to a wid] & deep] _w4 ,= :5 ?is wid] & deep] _w op5s1 ev]yday life1 ev5 ! mo/ trivial ?+ ( x1 gr[s load$ ) ! tru?s ( ,z54 ,on ! "o h&1 !re=e1 satori is a mo/ prosaic & matt]-(-fact ?+1 b on ! o!r h& :5 x is n und]/ood x is some?+ ( a my/]y4 ,b aft] all is n life itself fill$ ) wond]s1 my/]ies1 & unfa?omabilities1 f> beyond our discursive und]/&+8 ,a monk ask$ ,j%u 7,*ao-*\ ,tsung-%n1 #ggh-hig7 to be in/ruct$ 9 ,z54 ,said ! ma/]1 8,h y _h y\r breakfa/ or n80 8,yes1 ma/]1 ,i h10 answ]$ ! monk4 8,if s1 h y\r di%es wa%$10 0 an imm$iate response1 :i*1 x is said1 at once op5$ ! monk's m9d to ! tru? ( ,z54 ,?is is en\gh to %[ :at a commonplace ?+ satori is2 b to see :at an important rle ?is mo/ trivial incid5t ( life plays 9 ,z51 x w be necess>y to add "s rem>ks :i* 7 made by ! ma/]s1 & ?r\gh ^! ! read] may h a glimpse into ! cont5t ( satori4 ,ummon 7,yn-mn1 ,wn-y51 di$ #idi7 :o liv$ a little lat] ?an ,j%u comm5t$ on him2 8,0 !re any special in/ruction 9 ! rem>k ( ,j%u1 or n8 ,if !re 01 :at 0 x8 ,if !re 0 n1 :at satori 0 x t ! monk atta9$80 ,lat]1 ,umpo ,monyetsu 7,yn-fng ,w5-yeh1 #iig-ajfb7 made a retort1 say+1 8,! great ma/] ,ummon does n "k :at is :at1 h5ce ?is comm5t ( 84 ,x 0 altoge!r unnecess>y1 x 0 l pa9t+ legs to ! snake & gr[+ a be>d to ! eunu*4 ,my view diff]s f 83 t monk :o seems to h atta9$ a satori goes to hell z /raight z an arr[60#e4aj ,n[1 :at does ?is all mean--,j%u's rem>k ab\t wa%+ ! di%es1 ! monk's atta9m5t ( satori1 ,ummon's alt]natives1 & ,monyetsu's assurance8 ,are !y speak+ aga9/ ea* o!r8 ,is ?is mu* ado ab\t no?+8 ,?is is :]e ,z5 is difficult to grasp & at ! same "t difficult to expla94 ,let me add a few m qu]ies4 ,h[ did ,j%u make ! monk's eye op5 by su* a prosaic rem>k8 ,did ! rem>k h any hidd5 mean+1 h[ev]1 :i* happ5$ to co9cide ) ! m5tal tone ( ! monk8 ,h[ 0 ! monk s m5tally prep>$ = ! f9al /roke ( ! ma/] ^: s]vice 0 j press+ ! button z x 78 ,no?+ ( satori is s f> glean$ f wa%+ ! di%es2 we h to look some:]e else = ! tru? ( ,z54 ,at any rate1 we c\ld n say t ,j%u _h no?+ to d ) ! monk's realisation4 ,h5ce ,ummon's rem>k :i* is some:at enigmatic1 yet to ! po9t4 ,z to ,monyetsu's comm5t1 x is :at is te*nically kn[n z ,n5ro1#e4aa 8h&l+ & play+10 or 8playful criticism40 ,he appe>s to be mak+ a disp>ag+ rem>k ab\t ,ummon1 b 9 tru? he is jo9+ h&s ) 8 pr$ecessors4 ,tokusan 7,teh-%an ,hsan-*i51 #ggi-hfe7e4ab 0 a great s*ol> ( ! ,diamond ,sutra 7,vajrac*$ik74 ,le>n+ t !re 0 su* a ?+ z ,z5 ignor+ all ! writt5 scriptures & directly lay+ h& on "o's s\l1 he came to ,ryutan 7,lung-t#8an7 to be in/ruct$ 9 ! doctr9e4 ,"o day ,tokusan 0 sitt+ outside try+ to see into ! my/]y ( ,z54 ,ryutan said1 8,:y don't y come 980 ,repli$ ,tokusan1 8,x is pit* d>k40 ,a c&le 0 light$ & h&$ ov] to ,tokusan4 ,:5 ! latt] 0 at ! po9t ( tak+ x1 ,ryutan sudd5ly blew ! light out1 :]eupon ! m9d ( ,tokusan 0 op5$4f#ajhe4ac ,hyakujo 7,pai-*ang ,huai-hai1 #gbd-had7e4ad "o day w5t out att5d+ 8 ma/] ,baso 7,ma-tsu74 ,a flock ( wild geese 0 se5 fly+ & ,baso ask$ 8,:at are !y80 8,!y are wild geese1 sir40 8,:i!r are !y fly+80 8,!y h fl[n away1 sir40 ,baso abruptly tak+ hold ( ,hyakujo's nose gave x a twi/4 ,ov]come ) pa91 ,hyakujo cri$ al\d1 8,oh6 ,oh60 8,y say !y h fl[n away10 ,baso said1 8b all ! same !y h be5 "h f ! v beg9n+40 ,?is made ,hyakujo's back wet ) cold p]spiration4 ,he _h satori4 ,is !re any connection 9 any possible way betwe5 ! wa%+ ( ! di%es & ! bl[+ out ( a c&le & ! twi/+ ( ! nose8 ,we mu/ say ) ,ummon3 ,if !re is none1 h[ c\ld !y all come to ! realisation ( ! tru? ( ,z58 ,if !re is1 :at inn] relation%ip is !re8 ,:at is ?is satori8 ,:at a new po9t ( view+ ?+s is ?is8 ,s long z our obs]vation is limit$ to ^? conditions :i* prec$$ ! op5+ ( a disciple's eye we _c p]haps fully compreh5d :]e lies ! ultimate issue4 ,!y are matt]s ( ev]yday occurr5ce1 & if ,z5 lies objectively among !m1 e "o ( u is a ma/] be=e we are told ( x4 ,?is is p>tly true inasmu* z !re is no?+ artificially con/ruct$ 9 ,z51 b if ! nose is to be really twi/$ or ! c&le bl[n out 9 ord] to take ! scale (f ! eye1 our att5tion mu/ be direct$ inw>dly to ! work+ ( our m9ds1 & x w be !re :]e we are to take hold ( ! hidd5 relation exi/+ betwe5 ! fly+ geese & ! wa%$ di%es & ! bl[n out c&le & any o!r happ5+s t weave out inf9itely v>iegat$ patt]ns ( human life4 ,"u ,daiye 7,tai-hui1 #ajhi-aafc71e4ae ! great ,z5 tea*] ( ! ,sung dyna/y1 !re 0 a monk nam$ ,dk5 7,tao-*#8i57 :o _h sp5t _m ye>s 9 ! /udy ( ,z51 b :o _h n yet delv$ into its secrets if !re 7 any4 ,he 0 disc\rag$ :5 he 0 s5t on an err& to a di/ant city4 ,a trip requir+ half a ye> to f9i% w\ld surely be a h9drance r ?an a help to 8 /udy4 ,sog5 7,tsung-yan71 "o ( 8 fell[-monks1 took pity on him & said1 8,i w accompany y on ?is trip & d all t ,i c = y4 ,!re is no reason :y y _c g on ) y\r m$itation ev5 :ile travell+40 ,!y />t$ toge!r4 ,"o ev5+ ,dk5 despair+ly implor$ 8 fri5d to assi/ him 9 ! solution ( ! my/]y ( life4 ,! fri5d said1 8,i am will+ to help y 9 e way1 b !re are five ?+s 9 :i* ,i _c be ( any help to y4 ,^! y mu/ look aft] y\rself40 ,dk5 express$ ! desire to "k :at !y 74 8,= in/ance10 said ! fri5d1 8:5 y are hungry or ?ir/y1 my eat+ ( food or dr9k+ does n fill y\r /oma*4 ,y mu/ dr9k & eat y\rself4 ,:5 y want to respond to ! calls ( nature1 y mu/ take c>e ( !m y\rself1 = ,i _c be ( any use to y4 ,& !n x w be nobody else b y\rself t w c>ry ?is corpse ( y\rs i4e41 ! body along ?is highway40 ,?is rem>k at once op5$ ! m9d ( ! tru?-seek+ monk1 :o1 s transport$ ) 8 discov]y1 did n "k h[ to express 8 joy4 ,g5 n[ told him t 8 "w 0 done & t 8 fur!r companion%ip w\ld h no mean+ aft] ?is4#e4af ,s !y p>t$ company & ,dk5 0 left alone to cont9ue ! trip4 ,aft] ! half-ye> ,dk5 came back to 8 own mona/]y4 ,daiye1 8 tea*]1 happ5$ to meet him on 8 way d[n ! m\nta91 & made ! foll[+ rem>k1 8,?is "t he kn[s x all40 ,:at 0 x1 "o may rem>k1 t fla%$ ?r\gh ,dk5's m9d :5 8 fri5d gave him a mo/ matt]-(-fact advice8 ,kyg5 7,hsian-y57 0 a disciple ( ,hyakujo4 ,aft] ! ma/]'s dea? he w5t to ,yisan 7,wei-%an1 #gga-hec7 :o 0 a s5ior disciple ( ,hyakujo4 ,yisan ask$ him1#e4ag 8,i am told t y h be5 "u my late ma/] ,hyakujo1 & also t y h rem>kable intellig5ce2 b ! und]/&+ ( ,z5 ?r\gh ?is m$ium necess>ily ends 9 intellectual & analytical compreh5sion1 :i* is n ( mu* use4 ,yet y may h _h an insight into ! tru? ( ,z54 ,let me h y\r view z to ! reason ( bir? & dea?1 t is1 z to y\r own be+ be=e y\r p>5ts gave bir? to y40 ,?us ask$1 ,kyg5 did n "k h[ to reply4 ,he retir$ into 8 own room & assidu\sly made rese>* among 8 notes :i* he _h tak5 ( ! s]mons giv5 by 8 late ma/]4 ,he fail$ to come across a suitable passage he might pres5t z 8 own view4 ,he return$ to ,yisan & implor$ him to tea* 9 ! fai? ( ,z54 ,b ,yisan said1 8,i really h no?+ to imp>t to y1 & if ,i tri$ to d s1 y may h occasion to make me an object ( ridicule lat] on4 ,besides1 :atev] ,i c in/ruct y is my own & w nev] be y\rs40 ,kyg5 0 disappo9t$ & consid]$ 8 s5ior disciple unk9d4 ,f9ally he came to ! decision to burn up all 8 notes & memor&ums :i* 7 ( no help to 8 spiritual welf>e1 &1 retir+ altoge!r f ! _w1 to sp5d ! re/ ( 8 life 9 solitude & simplicity 9 accordance ) ! ,buddhi/ rules4 ,he reason$1 8,:at is ! use ( /udy+ ,buddhism1 s difficult to compreh5d & too subtle to receive in/ructions f ano!r8 ,i %all be a pla9 homeless monk1 tr\bl$ ) no desire to ma/] ?+s too deep = ?\ght40 ,he left ,yisan & built a hut ne> ! tomb ( ,*u 7,hui-*ung71 ! ,national ,ma/]1 at ,nan-yang4 ,"o day he 0 we$+ & sweep+ ! gr\nd1 & :5 a piece ( rock bru%$ away /ruck a bamboo1 ! s\nd produc$ by ! p]cussion unexpect$ly elevat$ 8 m9d to a /ate ( satori4 ,! "q propos$ by ,yisan became transp>5t2 8 joy 0 b\ndless1 he felt z if meet+ aga9 8 lo/ p>5t4 ,besides he came to realise ! k9dness ( 8 ab&on$ s5ior bro!r monk :o refus$ him in/ruction4 ,= he n[ knew t ?is w\ld n h happ5$ to him if ,yisan _h be5 unk9d en\gh to expla9 ?+s = him4 ,bel[ is ! v]se he compos$ soon aft] 8 a*ievem5t f :i* we may get an idea ( 8 satori4 8,"o /roke has made me =get all my previ\s k1 ,no artificial discipl9e is at all ne$$2 ,9 e movem5t ,i uphold ! anci5t way1 ,& nev] fall into ! rut ( m]e quietism2 ,:]ev] ,i walk no traces are left1 ,& my s5ses are n fett]$ by rules ( conduct2 ,ev]y:]e ^? :o h atta9$ to ! tru?1 ,all decl>e ?is to be ( ! highe/ ord]40 ,,iv ,!re is some?+1 we mu/ admit1 9 ,z5 t defies explanation1 & to :i* no ma/] h[ev] +5i\s c lead 8 disciples ?r\gh intellectual analysis4 ,kyg5 or ,tokusan _h en\gh k ( ! canonical tea*+s or ( ! ma/]'s expository disc\rses2 b :5 ! real ?+ 0 dem&$ ( !m1 !y significantly fail$ to produce x ei!r to _! inn] satisfaction or = ! ma/]'s approval4 ,! satori is n a ?+ aft] all to be ga9$ ?r\gh ! und]/&+4 ,b once ! key is )9 "o's grasp1 ev]y?+ seems to be laid b>e be=e him2 ! entire _w assumes !n a diff]5t aspect4 ,by ^? :o "k1 ?is inn] *ange is recognis$4 ,! ,dk5 be=e he />t$ on 8 mission & ! ,dk5 aft] ! realisation 7 app>5tly ! same p]son2 b z soon z ,daiye saw him1 he knew :at _h tak5 place 9 him ev5 :5 he utt]$ n a ^w4 ,baso twi/$ ,hyakujo's nose1 & ! latt] turn$ into su* a wild s\l z to h ! audacity to roll up ! matt+ be=e 8 ma/]'s disc\rse _h h>dly begun 7see bel[74 ,! exp]i5ce !y h gone ?r\gh ) )9 !mselves is n a v elaborate1 complicat$1 & intellectually demon/rable ?+2 = none ( !m ev] try to exp\nd x by a s]ies ( le>n$ disc\rses1 !y d j ?is ?+ or t1 or utt] a s+le phrase un9telligible to outsid]s1 & ! :ole affair proves mo/ satisfactory bo? to ! ma/] & to ! disciple4 ,! satori _c be a phantasm1 empty & cont5tless1 & lack+ 9 real value1 :ile x mu/ be ! simple/ possible exp]i5ce p]haps because x is ! v f\ndation ( all exp]i5ces4 ,z to ! op5+ ( satori1 all t ,z5 c d is to indicate ! way & leave ! re/ all to "o's own exp]i5ce2 t is to say1 foll[+ up ! indication & arriv+ at ! goal--?is is to be done by oneself & )\t ano!r's help4 ,) all t ! ma/] c d1 he is helpless to make ! disciple take hold ( ! ?+1 unless ! latt] is inw>dly fully prep>$ = x4 ,j z we _c make a horse dr9k aga9/ 8 w1 ! tak+ hold ( ! ultimate reality is to be done by oneself1 j z ! fl[] blooms out ( its inn] necessity1 ! look+ into "o's own nature mu/ be ! outcome ( "o's own inn] ov]fl[+4 ,?is is :]e ,z5 is s p]sonal & subjective1 9 ! s5se ( be+ inn] & creative4 ,9 ! gama or ,nikya lit]ature we enc\nt] s frequ5tly ) su* phrases z 8,atta-dp vih>a?a att s>a anaa-s>a10 or 8saya abhi10 or 8,diha-dhammo patta-dhammo vidita-dhammo p>iyogha-dhammo ap>appaccayo sat?u ssane02 !y %[ t ,enlight5m5t is ! awak5+1 )9 oneself & n dep5d+ on o!rs1 ( an inn] s5se 9 "o's consci\sness1 enabl+ "o to create a _w ( et]nal h>mony & beauty--! home ( ,nirvana4 ,i said t ,z5 does n give u any intellectual assi/ance1 nor does x wa/e "t 9 argu+ ! po9t ) u1 b x m]ely sugge/s or indicates1 n because x wants to be indef9ite1 b because t is really ! only ?+ x c d = u4 ,if x c\ld1 x w\ld d any?+ to help u come to an und]/&+4 ,9 fact ,z5 is exhau/+ e possible means to d t1 z we c see 9 all ! great ma/]s' attitudes t[>ds _! disciples4f#aji ,:5 !y are actually knock+ !m d[n1 _! k9dhe>t$ness is nev] to be d\bt$4 ,!y are j wait+ = ! "t :5 _! pupils' m9ds get all rip5$ = ! f9al mom5t4 ,:5 ?is is come1 ! opportunity ( op5+ an eye to ! tru? ( ,z5 lies ev]y:]e4 ,"o c pick x up 9 ! he>+ ( an in>ticulate s\nd1 or li/5+ to an un9telligible rem>k1 or 9 ! obs]vation ( a fl[] bloom+1 or 9 ! enc\nt]+ ( any trivial ev]yday incid5t su* z /umbl+1 roll+ up a scre51 us+ a fan1 etc4 ,^! are all suffici5t conditions t w awak5 "o's inn] s5se4 ,evid5tly a mo/ insignificant happ5+1 & yet its effect on ! m9d inf9itely surpasses all t "o c\ld expect ( x4 ,a light t\* ( an ignit$ wire1 & an explosion %ak+ ! v f\ndations ( ! e>?4 ,9 fact1 all ! causes ( satori are 9 ! m9d4 ,t is :y :5 ! clock clicks1 all t has be5 ly+ !re bur/s up l a volcanic eruption or fla%es out l a bolt ( lightn+1f#aaj ,z5 calls ?is 8return+ to "o's own home02 = its foll[]s w decl>e3 8,y h n[ f\nd y\rself2 f ! v beg9n+ no?+ has be5 kept away f y4 ,x 0 y\rself t clos$ ! eye to ! fact4 ,9 ,z5 !re is no?+ to expla91 no?+ to tea*1 t w add to y\r k4 ,unless x gr[s out ( y\rself1 no k is really ( value to y1 a borr[$ plumage nev] gr[s40 ,kozankoku 7,huang ,san-ku71#e4ah a ,confucian poet & /atesman1 came to ,kwaido 7,hui-t#8ang1 #ajbd-aajj7 to be initiat$ into ,z54 ,said ! ,z5 ma/]1 8,!re is a passage 9 ! text y are s ?or\ghly famili> )1 :i* fitly describes ! tea*+ ( ,z54 ,did n ,confucius decl>e1 #8,d y ?9k ,i am hold+ back some?+ f y1 ,o my disciples8 ,inde$ ,i h held no?+ back f y4'0 ,sankoku tri$ to answ]1 b ,kwaido imm$iately made him keep sil5ce by say+1 8,no1 no60 ,! ,confucian disciple felt tr\bl$ 9 m9d1 & did n "k h[ to express himself4 ,"s "t lat] !y 7 hav+ a walk 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,! wild laurel 0 9 full bloom & ! air 0 r$ol5t4 ,ask$ ! ,z5 ma/]1 8,d y smell x80 ,:5 ! ,confucian answ]$ affirmatively1 ,kwaido said1 8,!re1 ,i h kept no?+ back f y60 ,?is sugge/ion f ! tea*] at once l$ to ! op5+ ( ,kozankoku's m9d4 ,is x n evid5t n[ t satori is n a ?+ to be impos$ ^u ano!r1 b t x is self-gr[+ f )98 ,?\gh no?+ is kept away f u1 x is ?r\gh a satori t we become cognisant ( ! fact1 be+ conv9c$ t we are all suffici5t unto ourselves4 ,all t !re=e ,z5 contrives is to ass]t t !re is su* a ?+ z self-revelation1 or ! op5+ ( satori4 ,v ,z satori /rikes at ! prim>y fact ( exi/5ce1 its atta9m5t m>ks a turn+ po9t 9 "o's life4 ,! atta9m5t1 h[ev]1 mu/ be ?or\gh-go+ & cle>-cut 9 ord] to produce a satisfactory result4 ,to des]ve ! "n 8satori0 ! m5tal revolution mu/ be s complete z to make "o really & s9c]ely feel t !re took place a fi]y baptism ( ! _s4 ,! int5sity ( ?is feel+ is proportional to ! am\nt ( ef=t ! op5] ( satori has put into ! a*ievem5t4 ,= !re is a gradation 9 satori z to its int5sity1 z 9 all our m5tal activity4 ,! possessor ( a lukew>m satori may suff] no su* spiritual revolution z ,r9zai1 or ,bukko 7,fo-kuang7 ^: case is quot$ bel[4 ,z5 is a matt] ( "* & n ( ! intellect1 :i* means t ,z5 gr[s out ( ! w z ! fir/ pr9ciple ( life4 ,a brilliant intellect may fail to unravel all ! my/]ies ( ,z51 b a /rong s\l w dr9k deep ( ! inexhau/ible f\nta94 ,i d n "k if ! intellect is sup]ficial & t\*es only ! fr+e ( "o's p]sonality1 b ! fact is t ! w is ! man himself1 & ,z5 appeals to x4 ,:5 "o becomes p5etrat+ly consci\s ( ! work+ ( ?is ag5cy1 !re is ! op5+ ( satori & ! und]/&+ ( ,z54 ,z !y say1 ! snake has n[ gr[n into ! dragon2 or m graphically1 a common cur--a mo/ mis]able creature wagg+ its tail = food & sympa?y1 & kick$ ab\t by ! /reet boys s m]cilessly--has n[ turn$ into a gold5-hair$ lion ^: ro> fright5s to dea? all ! feeble-m9d$4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,r9zai 0 meekly submitt+ to ! 8?irty bl[s0 ( ,obaku1 he 0 a pitiable sight2 z soon z he atta9$ satori1 he 0 q a diff]5t p]sonage & 8 fir/ exclamation 01 8,!re is n mu* aft] all 9 ! ,buddhism ( ,obaku40#e4ai ,& :5 he saw ! reproa*ful ,obaku aga91 he return$ 8 fav\r by giv+ him a slap on ! face4 8,:at an arrogance1 :at an impud5ce60 ,obaku exclaim$2 b !re 0 reason 9 ,r9zai's rud5ess1 & ! old ma/] c\ld n b be pleas$ ) ?is treatm5t f 8 =m] te>ful ,r9zai4 ,:5 ,tokusan ga9$ an insight into ! tru? ( ,z51 he imm$iately took up all 8 comm5t>ies on ! ,diamond ,sutra1 once s valu$ & consid]$ indisp5sable t he _h to c>ry !m :]ev] he w5t2 he n[ set fire to !m1 r$uc+ all ! manuscripts into no?+ness4 ,he exclaim$3 8,h[ev] deep y\r k ( ab/ruse philosophy1 x is l a piece ( hair plac$ 9 ! va/ness ( space2 & h[ev] important y\r exp]i5ce 9 ?+s worldly1 x is l a drop ( wat] ?r[n into an unfa?omable abyss40#e4bj ,on ! day foll[+ ! incid5t ( ! fly+ geese1#e4ba to :i* ref]5ce 0 made else:]e1 ,baso appe>$ 9 ! prea*+ hall & 0 ab\t to speak be=e a congregation1 :5 ,hyakujo came =w>d & began to roll up ! matt+4f#aaa ,baso )\t prote/+ came d[n f 8 seat & return$ to 8 own room4 ,he !n call$ ,hyakujo & ask$ him :y he roll$ up ! matt+ be=e he utt]$ a ^w4 8,ye/]day y twi/$ my nose10 repli$ ,hyakujo1 8& x 0 q pa9ful40 8,:]e10 said ,baso1 80 y\r ?\ght w&]+ !n80 8,x is n pa9ful any m to-day1 ma/]40 ,h[ diff]5tly he behaves n[6 ,:5 8 nose 0 p9*$1 he 0 q an ignoramus 9 ! secrets ( ,z54 ,he is n[ a gold5-hair$ lion1 he is ma/] ( himself1 & acts s freely z if he own$ ! _w1 pu%+ away ev5 8 own ma/] f> into ! backgr\nd4 ,!re is no d\bt t satori goes deep into ! v root ( individuality4 ,! *ange a*iev$ !reby is q rem>kable1 z we see 9 ! examples above cit$4 ,,vi ,"s ma/]s h left 9 ! =m ( v]se kn[n z 8,ge0 7g?7 :at !y p]ceiv$ or felt at ! "t :5 _! m5tal eye 0 op5$4 ,! v]se has ! special "n ( 8,tki-no-ge0f#aabe4bb & f ! foll[+ translations ! read] may draw 8 own conclusions z to ! nature & cont5t ( a satori s highly priz$ by ! ,z5 foll[]s4 ,b !re is "o ?+ to :i* ,i l to call 8 att5tion1 :i* is t ! cont5ts ( ^! g?s are s v>i$ & dissimil> z f> z _! lit]>y & intelligible s5se is conc]n$ t "o may be at a loss h[ to make a comp>ison ( ^! div]s exclamations4 ,be+ sometimes m]ely descriptive v]ses ( ! feel+s ( ! au?or at ! mom5t ( satori1 analysis is impossible unless ! critic himself has once exp]i5c$ !m 9 8 own inn] life4 ,nev]!less ^! v]ses w be ( int]e/ to ! psy*ological /ud5ts ( ,buddhi/ my/icism ev5 z m]ely emotional utt]ances ( ! supreme mom5t4 ,! foll[+ is by ,*kei 7,*ang-*+1 di$ #icb7 ^: eye 0 op5$ :5 he 0 roll+ up ! scre53 8,h[ delud$ ,i 06 ,h[ delud$1 inde$6 ,lift up ! scre51 & come see ! _w6 #8,:at religion believe/ ?\8' y ask4 ,i raise my hossuf#aac & hit y\r m\?40#e4bc ,hy5 7,fa-y57 ( ,gosozan 7wu-tso-%an71 :o di$ 9 #aajd1 succe$$ ,%utan 7,%\-tuan71 ( ,haku-un 7,pai-yn71 & 0 ! tea*] ( ,y5go 7,yan-wu71 compos$ ! foll[+ :5 8 m5tal eye 0 fir/ op5$3 8,a pat* ( f>m l& quietly lies by ! hill1 ,cross+ my h&s ov] ! *e/ ,i ask ! old f>m] k9dly3 #8,h[ (t5 h y sold x & b\ght x back by y\rself8' ,i l ! p9es & bamboos t invite a refre%+ breeze40#e4bd ,y5go 7,yan-wu1 #ajfc-aace7 0 "o ( ! greate/ tea*]s 9 ! ,sung dyna/y & ! au?or ( a ,z5 textbook kn[n z ! ,hekigan%u4 ,8 v]se /&s 9 su* contra/ to t ( 8 tea*]1 ,hy51 & ! read] w f9d x h>d to une>? any?+ ( ,z5 f ! foll[+ romanticism3 8,! gold5 duck no m issues odor\s smoke beh9d ! brocade scre5s1 ,amid/ flute-play+ & s++1 he retreats1 ?or\ghly 9 liquor & support$ by o!rs3 ,a happy ev5t 9 ! life ( a romantic y\?1 ,x is 8 swee!>t alone t is all[$ to "k40#e4be ,y5ju1 ( ,ymeiji 7,yung-m+ ,y5-%\1 #ijd-ige71 :o belong$ to ! ,hg5 ,s*ool ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 0 ! au?or ( a book call$ 8,%ukyroku0 7,record ( ,tru?-,mirror7 9 "o hundr$ fasciculi1 & fl\ri%$ 9 ! e>ly ,sung4 ,8 realisation took place :5 he he>d a bundle ( fuel dropp+ on ! gr\nd4 8,some?+ dropp$6 ,x is no o!r ?+2 ,"r & left1 !re is no?+ e>?y3 ,riv]s & m\nta9s & ! great e>?1-- ,9 !m all reveal$ is ! ,body ( ! ,dh>m>ja40#e4bf ,! fir/ ( ! foll[+ two v]ses is by ,yda95 7,yang ,tai-ni51 #igc-ajbj71 a /atesman ( ! ,sung dyna/y10#e4bg & ! second by ,iku1 ( ,tory 7,tu-l+ ,y71#e4bh :o 0 a disciple ( ,ygi 7,yang-*#8i1 #ajbd--ajgb71 ! f\nd] ( ! ,ygi ,bran* ( ! ,r9zai ,s*ool4 8,an octagonal mill/one ru%es ?r\gh ! air2 ,a gold5-col\r$ lion has turn$ into a cur3 ,if y want to hide y\rself 9 ! ,nor? ,/>1 ,turn r\nd & fold y\r h&s beh9d ! ,s\? ,/>40 8,i h "o jewel %9+ bright1 ,long buri$ x 0 und]nea? worldly worries2 ,?is morn+ ! du/y veil is (f1 & re/or$ is its lu/re1 ,illum9+ riv]s & m\nta9s & t5 ?\s& ?+s40 ,a suffici5t v>iety ( ! v]sesf#aad has be5 giv5 "h to %[ h[ !y v>y f "o ano!r & h[ x is impossible to sugge/ any intelligible explanation ( ! cont5t ( satori by m]ely comp>+ !m or by analys+ !m4 ,"s ( !m are easily und]/ood1 ,i suppose1 z expressive ( ! feel+ ( a new revelation2 b z to :at t revelation itself is1 x w require a c]ta9 am\nt ( p]sonal k to be able to describe x m intellig5tly4 ,9 any ev5t all ^! ma/]s te/ify to ! fact t !re is su* a ?+ 9 ,z5 z satori ?r\gh :i* "o is admitt$ into a new _w ( value4 ,! old way ( view+ ?+s is ab&on$ & ! _w acquires a new signification4 ,"s ( !m w\ld decl>e t !y 7 8delud$0 or t _! 8previ\s k0 0 ?r[n into oblivion1 :ile o!rs w\ld confess !y 7 hi!rto unaw>e ( a new beauty :i* exi/s 9 ! 8refre%+ breeze0 & 9 ! 8%9+ jewel40 ,,vii ,:5 our consid]ation is limit$ to ! objective side ( satori z illu/rat$ s f>1 x does n appe> to be a v extraord9>y ?+--?is op5+ an eye to ! tru? ( ,z54 ,! ma/] makes "s rem>ks1 & if !y happ5 to be opportune en\gh1 ! disciple w come at once to a realisation & see into a my/]y hi!rto undream$ (4 ,x seems all to dep5d ^u :at k9d ( mood or :at /ate ( m5tal prep>$ness "o is 9 at ! mom5t4 ,z5 is aft] all a haphaz>d affair1 "o may be tempt$ to ?9k4 ,b :5 we "k t x took ,nangaku 7,nan-yeh7 eight long ye>s to answ] ! "q1 8,:o is he t ?us come? t[>ds me80 we %all realise ! fact t !re 0 9 him a great deal ( m5tal angui% & tribulation :i* he _h to g ?r\gh ) be=e he c\ld come to ! f9al solution & decl>e1 8,ev5 :5 "o ass]ts t x is a some:at1 "o misses x altoge!r40#e4bi ,we mu/ try to look into ! psy*ological aspect ( satori1 :]e is reveal$ ! inn] me*anism ( op5+ ! door to ! et]nal secrets ( ! human s\l4 ,?is is done be/ by quot+ "s ( ! ma/]s !mselves ^: introspective /atem5ts are on record4 ,kh 7,kao-fng1 #abch-abhe7e4cj 0 "o ( ! great ma/]s 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,sung dyna/y4 ,:5 8 ma/] fir/ let him att5d to ! 8,j%u's ,mu10f#aaee4ca he ex]t$ himself h>d on ! problem4 ,"o day 8 ma/]1 ,setsugan 7,hseh-y571 sudd5ly ask$ him1 8,:o is x t c>ries = y ?is lifeless corpse ( y\rs80#e4cb ,! poor fell[ did n "k :at to make ( ! "q2 = ! ma/] 0 m]ciless & x 0 usually foll[$ by a h>d knock+ d[n4 ,lat] 9 ! mid/ ( 8 sleep "o night he recall$ ! fact t once :5 he 0 "u ano!r ma/] he 0 told to f9d out ! ultimate signification ( ! /atem5t1 8,all ?+s return to "o0f#aafe4cc2 & ?is kept him up ! re/ ( t night & ?r\gh ! sev]al days & nights t succe$$4 ,:ile 9 ?is /ate ( an extreme m5tal t5sion1 he f\nd himself "o day look+ at ,goso ,hoy5's v]se on 8 own portrait1 :i* p>tly read1#e4cd 8,"o hundr$ ye>s--?irty-six ?\s& morns1 ,?is same old fell[ move? on = ev]60 ,?is at once made him dissolve 8 et]nal d\bt z to 8,:o's c>ry+ ar\nd ?is lifeless body ( y\rs80 ,he 0 baptis$ & became an altoge!r new man4 ,he leaves u 9 8 8,goroku10 7,say+s ,record$7 an acc\nt ( ^? days ( ! m5tal /ra9 9 ! foll[+ n>rative3 8,9 old5 days :5 ,i 0 at ,skei 7,%uang-*+71 & be=e "o mon? 0 ov] aft] my return to ! ,m$itation ,hall !re1 "o night :ile deep 9 sleep ,i sudd5ly f\nd myself fix+ my att5tion on ! "q3 #8,all ?+s return to ! ,"o1 b :]e does ?is ,"o return8' ,my att5tion 0 s rigidly fix$ on ?is t ,i neglect$ sleep+1 =got to eat1 & did n di/+ui% ea/ f we/1 nor morn+ f night4 ,:ile spread+ ! napk91 produc+ ! b[ls1 or att5d+ to my natural wants1 :e!r ,i mov$ or re/$1 :e!r ,i talk$ or kept sil5t1 my :ole exi/5ce 0 wrapt up ) ! "q1 #8,:]e does ?is "o return8' ,no o!r ?\ghts ev] di/urb$ my consci\sness2 no1 ev5 if ,i want$ to /ir up ! lea/ bit ( ?\ght irrelevant to ! c5tral "o1 ,i c\ld n d s4 ,x 0 l be+ screw$ up or glu$2 h[ev] mu* ,i tri$ to %ake myself (f1 x refus$ to move4 ,?\gh ,i 0 9 ! mid/ ( a cr[d or congregation ,i felt z if ,i 7 all by myself4 ,f morn+ till ev5+1 f ev5+ till morn+1 s transp>5t1 s tranquil1 s maje/ically above all ?+s 7 my feel+s6 ,absolutely pure & n a p>ticle ( du/6 ,my "o ?\ght cov]$ et]nity2 s calm 0 ! outside _w1 s oblivi\s ( ! exi/5ce ( o!r p ,i 04 ,l an idiot1 l an imbecile1 six days & nights ?us elaps$ :5 ,i ent]$ ! ,%r9e ) ! re/1 recit+ ! ,sutras1 & happ5$ to raise my head & look$ at ! v]se by ,goso4 ,?is made me all ( a sudd5 awake f ! spell1 & ! mean+ ( #8,:o c>ries ?is lifeless corpse ( y\rs8' bur/ ^u me1--! "q once giv5 by my old ma/]4 ,i felt z if ?is b\ndless space itself 7 brok5 up into pieces1 & ! great e>? 7 altoge!r levell$ away4 ,i =got myself1 ,i =got ! _w1 x 0 l "o mirror reflect+ ano!r4 ,i tri$ sev]al k-an 9 my m9d & f\nd !m s transp>5tly cle>6 ,i 0 no m deceiv$ z to ! wond]ful work+ ( ,praj 7transc5d5tal wisdom740 ,:5 ,kho saw 8 old ma/] lat]1#e4ce ! latt] lo/ no "t 9 ask+ him1 8,:o is x t c>ries ?is lifeless corpse ( y\rs80 ,kho bur/ out a 8,kwats60 ,!reupon ! ma/] took up a /ick ready to give him a bl[1 b ! disciple held x back say+1 8,y _c give me a bl[ to-day40 8,:y c't ,i80 0 ! ma/]'s dem&4 ,in/ead ( reply+ to him1 h[ev]1 ,kho left ! room briskly4 ,! foll[+ day ! ma/] ask$ him4 8,all ?+s return to ! ,"o1 & :]e does ! ,"o return to80 8,! dog is lapp+ ! boil+ wat] 9 ! cauldron40 8,:]e did y get ?is nons5se80 reprim&$ ! ma/]4 8,y _h bett] ask y\rself10 promptly came ! response4 ,! ma/] re/$ well satisfi$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,haku9 7#afhc-agfh7;f#aage4cf is ano!r ( ^? ma/]s :o h put d[n _! fir/ ,z5 exp]i5ce 9 writ+1 & we read 9 8 book entitl$ ,orategama#e4cg ! foll[+ acc\nt3 8,:5 ,i 0 tw5ty-f\r ye>s old1 ,i /ay$ at ! ,yegan ,mona/]y1 ( ,e*igo4 8,jo%u's ,mu0 be+ my !me at ! "t ,i assidu\sly appli$ myself to x4 ,i did n sleep days & nights1 =got bo? eat+ & ly+ d[n1 :5 q abruptly a great m5tal fixationf#aahe4ch 7tai-i7 took place4 ,i felt z if freez+ 9 an ice-field ext5d+ ?\s&s ( miles1 & )9 myself !re 0 a s5se ( utmo/ transp>5cy4 ,!re 0 no go+ =w>d1 no slipp+ backw>d2 ,i 0 l an idiot1 l an imbecile1 & !re 0 no?+ b #8,j%u's ,mu4' ,?\gh ,i att5d$ ! lectures by ! ma/]1 !y s\nd$ l a discussion go+ on some:]e 9 a di/ant hall1 _m y>ds away4 ,sometimes my s5sation 0 t ( "o fly+ 9 ! air4 ,sev]al days pass$ 9 ?is /ate1 :5 "o ev5+ a temple-bell /ruck :i* upset ! :ole ?+4 ,x 0 l sma%+ an ice-bas91 or pull+ d[n a h\se made ( jade4 ,:5 ,i sudd5ly awoke aga91 ,i f\nd t ,i myself 0 ,gantof#aai 7,y5-t#8ou7 ! old ma/]1 & t all ?r\gh ! %ift+ *anges ( "t n a bit ( my p]sonality 0 lo/4 ,:atev] d\bts & indecisions ,i _h be=e 7 completely dissolv$ l a piece ( ?aw+ ice4 ,i call$ out l\dly1 #8,h[ wondr\s6 h[ wondr\s62 ,!re is no bir?-&-dea? f :i* "o has to escape1 nor is !re any supreme k 7,bodhi7 aft] :i* "o has to /rive4 ,all ! complicationsf#abj pa/ & pres5t1 numb]+ "o ?\s& sev5 hundr$ are n wor? ! tr\ble ( ev5 describ+ !m4'0 99 99 99 99 99 ,! case ( ,bukko 7,fo-kuang7 ! ,national ,tea*]f#aba 0 m extraord9>y ?an t ( ,haku91 & =tunately 9 ?is case1 too1 we h 8 own record+ ( x 9 detail4 8,:5 ,i 0 f\rte510 writes ,bukko1 8,i w5t up to ,k9zan4 ,:5 sev5te5 ,i made up my m9d to /udy ,buddhism & began to unravel ! my/]ies ( #8,j%u's ,mu4' ,i expect$ to f9i% ! matt] )9 "o ye>1 b ,i did n come to any und]/&+ ( x aft] all4 ,ano!r ye> pass$ )\t mu* avail1 & ?ree m ye>s1 also f9d+ myself ) no progress4 ,9 ! fif? or six? ye>1 :ile no special *ange came ov] me1 ! #8,mu' became s insep>ably atta*$ to me t ,i c\ld n get away f x ev5 :ile asleep4 ,?is :ole univ]se seem$ to be no?+ b ! #8,mu' itself4 ,9 ! meantime ,i 0 told by an old monk to set x aside = a :ile & see h[ ?+s w\ld g ) me4 ,accord+ to ?is advice1 ,i dropp$ ! matt] altoge!r & sat quietly4 ,b ow+ to ! fact t ! #8,mu' _h be5 ) me s long1 ,i c\ld 9 no way %ake x (f h[ev] mu* ,i tri$4 ,:5 ,i 0 sitt+1 ,i =got t ,i 0 sitt+2 nor 0 ,i consci\s ( my own body4 ,no?+ b a s5se ( utt] blankness prevail$4 ,half a ye> ?us pass$4 ,l a bird escap$ f its cage1 my m9d1 my consci\sness mov$ ab\t )\t re/ra9t sometimes ea/w>d1 sometimes we/w>d1 sometimes nor?w>d or s\?w>d4 ,sitt+f#abb ?r\gh two days 9 succession1 or ?r\gh "o day & night ,i did n feel any fatigue4 8,at ! "t !re 7 ab\t n9e hundr$ monks resid+ 9 ! mona/]y1 among :om !re 7 _m devot$ /ud5ts ( ,z54 ,"o day :ile sitt+1 ,i felt z if my m9d & my body 7 sep>at$ f ea* o!r & lo/ ! *ance ( gett+ back toge!r4 ,all ! monks ab\t me ?\ght t ,i 0 q dead1 b an old monk among !m said t ,i 0 froz5 to a /ate ( immovability :ile absorb$ 9 deep m$itation1 & t if ,i 7 cov]$ up ) w>m clo?+s1 ,i %\ld by myself come to my s5ses4 ,?is prov$ true1 = ,i f9ally awoke f x2 & :5 ,i ask$ ! monks ne> my seat h[ long ,i _h be5 9 t condition1 !y told me x 0 "o day & night4 8,aft] ?is1 ,i /ill kept up my practice ( sitt+4 ,i c\ld n[ sleep a little4 ,:5 ,i clos$ my eyes1 a broad expanse ( empt9ess pres5t$ itself be=e !m1 :i* !n assum$ ! =m ( a f>my>d4 ,?r\gh ?is piece ( l& ,i walk$ & walk$ until ,i got ?or\ghly famili> ) ! gr\nd4 ,b z soon z my eyes 7 op5$1 ! vision altoge!r disappe>$4 ,"o night sitt+ f> into ! night ,i kept my eyes op5 & 0 aw>e ( my sitt+ up 9 my seat4 ,all ( a sudd5 ! s\nd ( /rik+ ! bo>d 9 front ( ! head-monk's room rea*$ my e>1 :i* at once reveal$ me ! #8orig9al man' 9 full4 ,!re 0 !n no m ( t vision :i* appe>$ at ! clos+ ( my eyes4 ,ha/ily ,i came d[n f ! seat & ran out into ! moonlit night & w5t up to ! g>d5 h\se call$ ,ganki1 :]e look+ up to ! sky ,i laugh$ l\dly1 #8,oh1 h[ great is ! ,dh>makya6 ,oh1 h[ great & imm5se = ev]more6' 8,!nce my joy knew no b\nds4 ,i c\ld n quietly sit 9 ! ,m$itation ,hall2 ,i w5t ab\t ) no special purpose 9 ! m\nta9s walk+ ?is way & t4 ,i ?\ght ( ! sun & ! moon trav]s+ 9 a day ?r\gh a space #d1jjj1jjj1jjj miles wide4 #8,my pres5t abode is 9 ,*9a1' ,i reflect$ !n1 #8,& !y say ! di/rict ( ,yang is ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,if s1 ?is place mu/ be #b1jjj1jjj1jjj miles away f :]e ! sun rises2 & h[ is x t z soon z x comes up1 its rays lose no "t 9 /rik+ my face8' ,i reflect$ aga91 #8,! rays ( my own eye mu/ travel j z in/antane\sly z ^? ( ! sun z x rea*es ! latt]2 my eyes1 my m9d1 are !y n ! ,dh>makya itself8' ,?9k+ ?us1 ,i felt all ! b\nds snapp$ & brok5 to pieces t _h be5 ty+ me = s _m ages4 ,h[ _m numb]less ye>s _h ,i be5 sitt+ 9 ! hole ( ants6 ,to-day ev5 9 e pore ( my sk9 !re lie all ! ,buddha-l&s 9 ! t5 qu>t]s6 ,i ?\ght )9 myself1 #8,ev5 if ,i h no great] satori1 ,i am n[ all suffici5t unto myself4'0 ,"h is ! /anza#e4da compos$ by ,bukko at ! great mom5t ( satori1 describ+ 8 inn] feel+s3 8,) "o /roke ,i h completely sma%$ ! cave ( ! gho/s2 ,behold1 !re ru%es out ! iron face ( ! mon/] ,nata6 ,bo? my e>s are z deaf & my tongue is ti$2 ,if ?\ t\*e/ x idly1 ! fi]y /> %oots out60f#abc ,,viii ,^! cases w be suffici5t to %[ :at m5tal process "o has to g ?r\gh ) be=e ! op5+ ( satori takes place4 ,( c\rse ^! are prom95t examples & highly acc5tuat$1 & e satori is n prec$$ by su* an extraord9>y degree ( conc5tration4 ,b an exp]i5ce m or less l ^! mu/ be ! necess>y antec$5t to all satori1 especially to t :i* is to be gone ?r\gh ) at ! outset ( ! /udy4 ,! mirror ( m9d or ! field ( consci\sness !n seems to be s ?or\ghly swept clean z n to leave a p>ticle ( du/ on x4 ,:5 ?us all m5tation is tempor>ily susp5d$1 ev5 ! consci\sness ( an ef=t to keep an idea focuss$ at ! c5tre ( att5tion is gone1 t is1 :51 z ! ,z5 foll[]s say1 ! m9d is s completely possess$ or id5tifi$ ) its object ( ?\ght t ev5 ! consci\sness ( id5tity is lo/ z :5 "o mirror reflects ano!r1 ! subject feels z if liv+ 9 a cry/al palace1 all transp>5t1 refre%+1 buoyant1 & royal4 ,b ! end has n yet be5 rea*$1 ?is be+ m]ely ! prelim9>y condition lead+ to ! consummation call$ satori4 ,if ! m9d rema9s 9 ?is /ate ( fixation1 !re w be no occasion = its be+ awak5$ to ! tru? ( ,z54 ,! /ate ( 8,great ,d\bt0 7tai-gi71 z x is te*nically kn[n1 is ! antec$5t4 ,x mu/ be brok5 up & explod$ into ! next /age1 :i* is look+ into "o's nature or ! op5+ ( satori4 ,! explosion1 z x is no?+ else1 g5]ally takes place :5 ?is f9ely balanc$ equilibrium tilts = "o reason or ano!r4 ,a /one is ?r[n into a %eet ( wat] 9 p]fect /illness1 & ! di/urbance at once spreads all ov] ! surface4 ,x is some:at l ?is4 ,a s\nd knocks at ! gate ( consci\sness s tightly clos$1 & x at once rev]b]ates ?r\gh ! entire be+ ( ! individual4 ,he is awak5$ 9 ! mo/ vivid s5se ( ! ^w4 ,he comes out baptis$ 9 ! fire ( creation4 ,he has se5 ! "w ( ,god 9 8 v work%op4 ,! occasion may n necess>ily be ! he>+ ( a temple bell1 x may be read+ a /anza1 or see+ some?+ mov+1 or ! s5se ( t\* irritat$1 :5 a mo/ highly acc5tuat$ /ate ( conc5tration bur/s out into a satori4 ,! conc5tration1 h[ev]1 may n be kept up to su* an almo/ abnormal degree z 9 ! case ( ,bukko4 ,x may la/ j a second or two1 & if x is ! "r k9d ( conc5tration & rightly h&l$ by ! ma/]1 ! inevitable op5+ ( ! m9d w foll[4 ,:5 ! monk ,j 7,t+7 ask$ ,r9zai1#e4db 8,:at is ! ultimate pr9ciple ( ,buddhism80 ! ma/] came "r d[n f 8 seat1 took hold ( ! monk1 slapp$ him ) 8 h&1 & pu%$ him away f him4 ,! monk /ood /upefi$4 ,a by/&] sugge/$1 8,:y don't y make a b[80 ,obey+ ! ord]1 ,j 0 ab\t to b[ :5 he abruptly awoke to ! tru? ( ,z54 ,9 ?is case ,jo's self-absorption or conc5tration did n seem+ly la/ v long1 ! b[+ 0 ! turn+ po9t1 x broke up ! spell & re/or$ him to s5se1 n to an ord9>y s5se ( aw>5ess1 b to ! inw>d consci\sness ( 8 own be+4 ,g5]ally we h no records ( ! inn] work+ prior to a satori1 & may pass lightly ov] ! ev5t z a m]ely happy incid5t or "s intellectual trick hav+ no deep] backgr\nd4 ,:5 we read su* records1 we h to supply f our own exp]i5ce1 :atev] ?is is1 all ! necess>y antec$5t conditions = break+ up into a satori4 ,,ix ,s f> ! ph5om5on call$ satori 9 ,z5 ,buddhism has be5 treat$ z con/itut+ ! ess5ce ( ,z51 z ! turn+ po9t 9 "o's life :i* op5s ! m9d to a wid] & deep] _w1 z some?+ to be glean$ ev5 f a mo/ trivial incid5t ( ev]yday life2 & !n x 0 expla9$ h[ satori is to come out ( "o's inn] life1 & n by any outside help except z m]ely indicat+ ! way to x4 ,next ,i proce$$ to describe :at a *ange satori br+s 9 "o's idea ( ?+s1 t is1 h[ x all upsets ! =m] valuation ( ?+s g5]ally1 mak+ "o /& n[ entirely on a diff]5t foot+4 ,= illu/rations1 "s v]ses 7 quot$ :i* 7 compos$ by ! ma/]s at ! mom5t ( _! atta9m5t ( satori4 ,!y are mo/ly descriptive ( ! feel+s !y exp]i5c$11 su* z ^? by ,bukko & ,yda95 & ,y5go & o!rs are typical ( ?is class1 z !y h almo/ no intellectual elem5ts 9 !m4 ,if "o tries to pick up some?+ f ^! v]ses by a m]e analytical process1 "o w be greatly disappo9t$4 ,! psy*ological side ( satori :i* is m9utely n>rat$ by ,haku9 & o!rs w be ( great int]e/ to ^? :o are desir\s ( mak+ a psy*ological inquiry into ,z54 ,( c\rse ^! n>ratives alone w n d1 = !re are _m o!r ?+s "o has to consid] 9 ord] to /udy x ?or\ghly1 among :i* ,i may m5tion ! g5]al ,buddhi/ attitude t[>ds life & ! _w & ! hi/orical atmosph]e 9 :i* ! /ud5ts ( ,z5 f9d !mselves4 ,i wi% to close ?is ,essay by mak+ a few g5]al rem>ks 9 ! way ( recapitulation on ! ,buddhi/ exp]i5ce kn[n z satori4 #a4 ,p (t5 imag9e t ! discipl9e ( ,z5 is to induce a /ate ( self-sugge/ion ?r\gh m$itation4 ,?is is n q "r4 ,z we c see f ! v>i\s in/ances above cit$1 satori does n consi/ 9 produc+ a c]ta9 prem$itat$ condition by int5sely ?9k+ ( x4 ,x is ! gr[+ consci\s ( a new p[] 9 ! m9d1 :i* enables x to judge ?+s f a new po9t ( view4 ,ev5 s9ce ! unfoldm5t ( consci\sness we h be5 l$ to respond to ! inn] & out] conditions 9 a c]ta9 conceptual & analytical mann]4 ,! discipl9e ( ,z5 consi/s 9 upsett+ ?is artificially con/ruct$ framework once = all & 9 re-modell+ x on an entirely new basis4 ,! old] frame is call$ 8,ignorance0 7avidy7 & ! new "o 8,enlight5m5t0 7sabodhi74 ,x is evid5t !re=e t m$itat+ on a metaphysical or symbolical /atem5t :i* is a product ( our relative consci\sness plays no "p 9 ,z51 z ,i h t\*$ on ?is 9 ! ,introduction4 #b4 ,)\t ! atta9m5t ( satori no "o c ent] into ! my/]y ( ,z54 ,x is ! sudd5 fla%+ ( a new tru? hi!rto altoge!r undream$ (4 ,x is a sort ( m5tal cata/rophe tak+ place all at once aft] s mu* pil+ ( matt]s intellectual & demon/rative4 ,! pil+ has rea*$ its limit & ! :ole edifice has n[ come to ! gr\nd :5 behold a new heav5 is op5$ to y\r full survey4 ,wat] freezes sudd5ly :5 x rea*es a c]ta9 po9t1 ! liquid has turn$ into a solidity1 & x no m fl[s4 ,satori comes ^u y unaw>es :5 y feel y h exhau/$ y\r :ole be+4 ,religi\sly ?is is a new bir?1 &1 morally1 ! revaluation ( "o's relation%ip to ! _w4 ,! latt] n[ appe>s to be dress$ 9 a diff]5t g>m5t :i* cov]s up all ! ugl9ess ( dualism1 :i* is call$ 9 ,buddhi/ phraseology delusion 7my7 born ( reason+ 7t>ka7 & error 7vikalpa74 #c4 ,satori is ! raison d'tre ( ,z51 & )\t :i* ,z5 is no ,z54 ,!re=e e contrivance 7upya7 discipl9>y or doctr9al is direct$ t[>d ! atta9m5t ( satori4 ,z5 ma/]s c\ld n rema9 pati5t = satori to come by itself1 t is1 to come sporadically & at its own pleasure4 ,!y e>ne/ly seek out "s way to make p delib]ately or sy/ematically realise ! tru? ( ,z54 ,_! manife/ly enigmatical pres5tations ( x 7 mo/ly to create a /ate ( m9d 9 _! disciples1 :i* w\ld pave ! way to ! enlight5m5t ( ,z54 ,all ! intellectual demon/rations & exhortatory p]suasions s f> c>ri$ out by mo/ religi\s & philosophical lead]s fail$ to produce ! desir$ effect4 ,! disciples 7 l$ fur!r & fur!r a/ray4 ,especially :5 ,buddhism 0 introduc$ into ,*9a ) all its ,indian equipm5ts1 ) its highly metaphysical ab/ractions1 & 9 a mo/ complicat$ sy/em ( moral discipl9e1 ! ,*9ese 7 at a loss h[ to grasp ! c5tral po9t ( ! doctr9e ( ,buddhism4 ,d>uma1 ,y5o1 ,baso1 & o!r ma/]s notic$ ! fact4 ,! natural outcome 0 ! proclamation ( ,z51 satori 0 plac$ above ,sutra-read+ & s*ol>ly discussion ( ! a/ras1 & x came to be id5tifi$ ) ,z54 ,z5 !re=e )\t satori is l pepp] )\t its pung5cy4 ,b at ! same "t we mu/ n =get t !re is su* a ?+ z too mu* satori1 :i* is inde$ to be dete/$4 #d4 ,?is emphasis+ 9 ,z5 ( satori above ev]y?+ else makes ! fact q significant t ,z5 is n a sy/em ( dhyana z practis$ 9 ,india & by o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism ?an ! ,z54 ,by dhyana is und]/ood popul>ly a k9d ( m$itation or contemplation1 t is1 ! fix+ ( ?\ght1 especially 9 ,mahayana ,buddhism1 on ! doctr9e ( empt9ess 7nyat74 ,:5 ! m9d is s tra9$ z to be able to realise ! /ate ( p]fect void 9 :i* !re is n a trace ( consci\sness left1 ev5 ! s5se ( be+ unconsci\s hav+ dep>t$1 9 o!r words1 :5 all =ms ( m5tal activity are swept clean f ! field ( consci\sness :i* is n[ l a sky devoid ( e speck ( cl\d1 a m]e broad expanse ( blue1 dhyana is said to h rea*$ its p]fection4 ,?is may be call$ ec/asy or trance1 b x is n ,z54 ,9 ,z5 !re mu/ be a satori2 !re mu/ be a g5]al m5tal upheaval :i* de/roys ! old accumulations ( intellectuality & lays d[n a f\ndation = a new fai?2 !re mu/ be ! awak5+ ( a new s5se :i* w review ! old ?+s f an angle ( p]ception entirely & mo/ refre%+ly new4 ,9 dhyana !re are none ( ^! ?+s1 = x is m]ely a quiet+ ex]cise ( ! m9d4 ,z su* x has d\btless its own m]its1 b ,z5 ought n to be id5tifi$ ) su* dhyanas4 ,! ,buddha !re=e got dissatisfi$ ) 8 two ,sankhya tea*]s1 9 ^: tea*+ ! m$itations 7 s _m /ages ( self-ab/raction or ?\ght-annihilation4 #e4 ,satori is n see+ ,god z he is1 z may be cont5d$ by "s ,*ri/ian my/ics4 ,z5 has f ! v beg9n+ made cle> its pr9cipal !sis1 :i* is to see into ! "w ( creation & n int]view ! creator himself4 ,! latt] may be f\nd !n busy m\ld+ 8 univ]se1 b ,z5 c g along ) its own "w ev5 :5 he is n f\nd !re4 ,x is n dep5d+ on 8 support4 ,:5 x grasps ! reason ( liv+ a life1 x is satisfi$4 ,hy51 ( ,gosozan1 us$ to produce 8 own h& & ask$ 8 disciples :y x is call$ a h&4 ,:5 "o kn[s ! reason1 !re is satori & "o has ,z54 ,:]eas1 ) ! ,god ( my/icism !re is ! grasp+ ( a def9ite object1 & :5 y h ,god1 :at is n ,god is exclud$4 ,?is is self-limit+4 ,z5 wants absolute fre$om1 ev5 f ,god4 8,no abid+ place0 means t2 8,cleanse y\r m\? ev5 :5 y utt] ! ^w #8,buddha'0 am\nts to ! same ?+4 ,x is n t ,z5 wants to be morbidly unholy & godless1 b t x kn[s ! incomplet5ess ( a "n4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,yakusan 7,yeh-%an7 0 ask$ to give a lecture1 he did n say a ^w1 b in/ead came d[n f ! pulpit & w5t (f to 8 own room4 ,hyakujo 7,pai-*ang7 m]ely walk$ =w>d a few /eps1 /ood /ill1 & op5$ 8 arms--:i* 0 8 exposition ( ! great pr9ciple ( ,buddhism4#e4dc #f4 ,satori is ! mo/ intimate individual exp]i5ce & !re=e _c be express$ 9 words or describ$ 9 any mann]4 ,all t "o c d 9 ! way ( communicat+ ! exp]i5ce to o!rs is to sugge/ or indicate1 & ?is only t5tatively4 ,! "o :o has _h x und]/&s readily en\gh :5 su* indications are giv51 b :5 we try to h a glimpse ( x ?r\gh ! indices giv5 we utt]ly fail4 ,we are !n l ! man :o says t he loves ! mo/ beautiful woman 9 ! _w & yet :o kn[s no?+ ( h] p$igree or social position1 ( h] p]sonal "n or family "n1 kn[s no?+ ( h] individuality physical z well z moral4 ,we are aga9 l ! man :o puts up a /aircase 9 a place :]e f\r crossroads meet1 to m\nt up !reby into ! upp] /ory ( a mansion1 & yet :o kn[s n j :]e t mansion is1 9 ! ,ea/ or ,we/1 9 ! ,nor? or ,s\?4 ,! ,buddha 0 q to ! po9t :5 he ?us d]id$ all ^? philosoph]s & va9 talk]s ( 8 day1 :o m]ely dealt 9 ab/ractions1 empty he>says1 & fruitless indications4 ,z5 !re=e wants u to build ! /aircase "r at ! front ( ! v palace into ^: upp] /ory we are to m\nt up4 ,:5 we c say1 8,?is is ! v p]sonality1 ?is is ! v h\se10 we h ! satori int]view$ face to face & realis$ by oneself4 7,dihe va dhamme saya abhi sac*ikatv47 #g4 ,satori is n a morbid /ate ( m9d1 a fit subject = abnormal psy*ology4 ,if any?+1 x is a p]fectly normal /ate ( m9d4 ,:5 ,i speak ( a m5tal upheaval1 "o may be l$ to consid] ,z5 some?+ to be %unn$ by ord9>y p4 ,?is is a mi/ak5 view ( ,z51 un=tunately (t5 held by prejudic$ critics4 ,z ,nans5 7,nan-*#8an7 decl>$1 x is y\r 8ev]yday ?\ght40 ,:5 lat] a monk ask$ a ma/]f#abd :at 0 meant by 8ev]yday ?\ght10 he said1 8,dr9k+ tea1 eat+ rice1 ,i pass my "t z x comes2 ,look+ d[n at ! /ream1 look+ up at ! m\nta9s1 ,h[ s]5e & relax$ ,i feel inde$60 ,x all dep5ds ^u ! adju/m5t ( ! h+e :e!r ! door op5s 9 or out4 ,ev5 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 ! :ole affair is *ang$1 & y h ,z51 & y are z p]fect & normal z ev]4 ,m ?an t1 y h 9 ! meantime acquir$ some?+ altoge!r new4 ,all y\r m5tal activities are n[ work+ to a diff]5t key1 :i* is m satisfy+1 m peaceful1 & full] ( joy ?an any?+ y ev] _h4 ,! tone ( y\r life is alt]$4 ,!re is some?+ rejuv5at+ 9 x4 ,! spr+ fl[]s look pretti]1 & ! m\nta9 /ream runs cool] & m transp>5t4 ,! subjective revolution t br+s out ?is /ate ( ?+s _c be call$ abnormal4 ,:5 life becomes m enjoyable & its expanse is z broad z ! univ]se itself1 !re mu/ be some?+ 9 satori q heal?y & wor? "o's /riv+ aft] its atta9m5t4 #h4 ,we are suppos$ly liv+ 9 ! same _w1 b :o c tell ! ?+ we popul>ly call a /one ly+ be=e ?is w9d[ is ! same ?+ to all ( u8 ,accord+ to ! way we look at x1 to "s ! /one ceases to be a /one1 :ile to o!rs x =ev] rema9s a wor?less specim5 ( geological product4 ,& ?is initial div]g5ce ( views calls =? an endless s]ies ( div]g5cies lat] 9 our moral & spiritual lives4 ,j a little twi/+ z x 7 9 our modes ( ?9k+ & yet :at a _w ( diff]5ce w gr[ up ev5tually betwe5 "o ano!r6 ,s ) ,z51 satori is ?is twi/+ or r screw+1 n 9 ! wrong way1 b 9 a deep] & full] s5se1 & ! result is ! revelation ( a _w ( entirely new values4 ,aga91 y & ,i sip a cup ( tea4 ,! act is app>5tly alike1 b :o c tell :at a wide gap !re is subjectively betwe5 y & me8 ,9 y\r dr9k+ !re may be no ,z5 :ile m9e is brimful ( x4 ,! reason is1 ! "o moves 9 ! logical circle & ! o!r is out ( x2 t is to say1 9 "o case rigid rules ( intellection s call$ are ass]t+ !mselves1 & ! actor ev5 :5 act+ is unable to unfett] himself f ^! intellectual bonds2 :ile 9 ! o!r case ! subject has /ruck a new pa? & is n at all consci\s ( ! duality ( 8 act1 9 him life is n split into object & subject or into act+ & act$4 ,! dr9k+ at ! mom5t to him means ! :ole fact1 ! :ole _w4 ,z5 lives & is !re=e free1 :]eas our 8ord9>y0 life is 9 bondage2 satori is ! fir/ /ep to fre$om4 #i4 ,satori is ,enlight5m5t 7sabodhi74 ,z long z ,buddhism is ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t z we all "k f its e>lie/ lit]ature z well z f its lat] "o1 & z long z ,z5 ass]ts satori to be its culm9ation1 satori mu/ be said to repres5t ! v _s ( ! ,buddhi/ tea*+4 ,:5 x ann\nces itself to be ! transmission ( ! ,buddha-citta 7fo-hs97 n dep5d5t ^u ! logical & discursive exposition 9 ! canonical writ+s1 ei!r ,h9ayana or ,mahayana1 x is by no means exagg]at+ its fundam5tal *>act]i/ic z di/+ui%$ f ! o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism t h gr[n up 9 ,japan & ,*9a4 ,:atev] ?is may be1 !re is no d\bt t ,z5 is "o ( ! mo/ preci\s & 9 _m respects ! mo/ rem>kable spiritual possessions bequea!d to ,ea/]n p4 ,ev5 :5 x is consid]$ ! ,buddhi/ =m ( speculative my/icism n unkn[n to ! ,we/ 9 ! philosophy ( ,plot9us1 ,eckh>t1 & _! foll[]s1 its complete lit]ature alone s9ce ! six? patri>*1 ,y5o 7,hui-nng1 #fcg-gac71 s well pres]v$1 is wor? ! s]i\s /udy ( s*ol>s & tru?-seek]s4 ,& !n ! :ole body ( ! k-ans sy/ematically grad+ ! progress ( ! spiritual awak5+ is ! wond]ful treasure 9 ! h&s ( ! ,z5 monks 9 ,japan at pres5t4 ,,practical ,,me?ods ,,( ,,z5 ,,in/ruction ,,practical ,,me?ods ,,( ,,z5 ,,in/ruction 8,:at is ,z580 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ difficult que/ions to answ]1 ,i mean1 to ! satisfaction ( ! inquir]2 = ,z5 refuses ev5 t5tatively to be def9$ or describ$ 9 any mann]4 ,! be/ way to und]/& x w be ( c\rse to /udy & practise x at lea/ "s ye>s 9 ! ,m$itation ,hall4 ,!re=e1 ev5 aft] ! read] has c>efully gone ov] ?is ,essay1 he w /ill be at sea z to ! real signification ( ,z54 ,x is1 9 fact1 9 ! v nature ( ,z5 t x evades all def9ition & explanation1 t is to say1 ,z5 _c be conv]t$ into ideas1 x c nev] be describ$ 9 logical t]ms4 ,= ?is reason1 ! ,z5 ma/]s decl>e t x is 8indep5d5t ( lett]10 be+ 8a special transmission outside ! or?odox tea*+s40 ,b ! purpose ( ?is ,essay is n j to demon/rate t ,z5 is an un9telligible ?+ & t !re is no use ( attempt+ to disc\rse ab\t x4 ,my object1 on ! contr>y1 w be to make x cle> to ! fulle/ ext5t ( my ability1 h[ev] imp]fect & inadequate t may be4 ,& !re are sev]al ways to d ?is4 ,z5 may be treat$ psy*ologically1 ontologically1 or epi/emologically1 or hi/orically z ,i did 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is book to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,^! are all extremely int]e/+ ea* 9 its way1 b !y are a great und]tak+ requir+ ye>s ( prep>ation4 ,:at "h ,i propose to d1 !re=e1 w be a practical exposition ( ! subject-matt] by giv+ "s aspects ( ! modus op]&i ( ,z5 in/ruction z c>ri$ out by ! ma/]s = ! enlight5m5t ( ! pupils4 ,! p]usal ( ^! acc\nts w help u to get into ! _s ( ,z5 to ! limits ( its intelligibility4 ,i ,z ,i conceive x1 ,z5 is ! ultimate fact ( all philosophy & religion4 ,e intellectual ef=t mu/ culm9ate 9 x or r mu/ />t f x1 if x is to be> any practical fruits4 ,e religi\s fai? mu/ spr+ f x if x has to prove at all effici5tly & liv+ly workable 9 our active life4 ,!re=e1 ,z5 is n necess>ily ! f\nta9 ( ,buddhi/ ?\ght & life alone2 x is v mu* alive also 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ,mahomm$anism1 9 ,taoism1 & ev5 9 positivi/ic ,confucianism4 ,:at makes all ^! religions & philosophies vital & inspir+1 keep+ up _! usefulness & effici5cy1 is due to ! pres5ce 9 !m ( :at ,i may designate z ! ,z5 elem5t4 ,m]e s*ola/icism or m]e sac]dotalism w nev] create a liv+ fai?4 ,religion requires some?+ inw>dly propell+1 en]gis+1 & capable ( do+ "w4 ,! intellect is useful 9 its place1 b :5 x tries to cov] ! :ole field ( religion x dries up ! s\rce ( life4 ,feel+ or m]e fai? is s bl9d & w grasp any?+ t may come across & hold to x z ! f9al reality4 ,fanaticism is vital en\gh z f> z its explosiv5ess is conc]n$1 b ?is is n a true religion1 & its practical sequ5ce is ! de/ruction ( ! :ole sy/em1 n to speak ( ! fate ( its own be+4 ,z5 is :at makes ! religi\s feel+ run ?r\gh its legitimate *annel & :at gives life to ! intellect4 ,z5 does ?is by giv+ "o a new po9t ( view ( look+ at ?+s1 a new way ( appreciat+ ! tru? & beauty ( life & ! _w1 by discov]+ a new s\rce ( en]gy 9 ! inmo/ recesses ( consci\sness1 & by be/[+ on "o a feel+ ( complet5ess & suffici5cy4 ,t is to say1 ,z5 works miracles by ov]haul+ ! :ole sy/em ( "o's inn] life & op5+ up a _w hi!rto entirely undreamt (4 ,?is may be call$ a resurrection4 ,& ,z5 t5ds to emphasise ! speculative elem5t1 ?\gh confess$ly x opposes ?is1 m ?an any?+ else 9 ! :ole process ( ! spiritual revolution1 & 9 ?is respect ,z5 is truly ,buddhi/ic4 ,or x may be bett] to say t ,z5 makes use ( ! phraseology belong+ to ! sci5ces ( speculative philosophy4 ,evid5tly1 ! feel+ elem5t is n s prom95tly visible 9 ,z5 z 9 ! ,pure ,l& sects :]e 8bakti0 7fai?7 is all 9 all2 ,z5 on ! o!r h& emphasises ! faculty ( see+ 7d>ana7 or kn[+ 7vidy7 ?\gh n 9 ! s5se ( reason+ out1 b 9 t ( intuitively grasp+4 ,accord+ to ! philosophy ( ,z51 we are too mu* ( a slave to ! conv5tional way ( ?9k+1 :i* is duali/ic ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,no 8int]p5etration0 is all[$1 !re takes place no fus+ ( opposites 9 our ev]yday logic4 ,:at belongs to ,god is n ( ?is _w1 & :at is ( ?is _w is incompatible ) ! div9e4 ,black is n :ite1 & :ite is n black4 ,tig] is tig]1 & cat is cat1 & !y w nev] be "o4 ,wat] fl[s1 a m\nta9 t[]s4 ,?is is ! way ?+s or ideas g 9 ?is univ]se ( ! s5ses & syllogisms4 ,z51 h[ev]1 upsets ?is s*eme ( ?\ght & sub/itutes a new "o 9 :i* !re exi/s no logic1 no duali/ic arrangem5t ( ideas4 ,we believe 9 dualism *iefly because ( our traditional tra9+4 ,:e!r ideas really correspond to facts is ano!r matt] requir+ a special inve/igation4 ,ord9>ily1 we d n inquire into ! matt]1 we j accept :at is in/ill$ into our m9ds2 = to accept is m conv5i5t & practical1 & life is to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ?\gh n 9 reality1 made !reby easi]4 ,we are 9 nature cons]vati/s1 n because we are lazy1 b because we l repose & peace1 ev5 sup]ficially4 ,b ! "t comes :5 traditional logic holds no m true1 = we beg9 to feel contradictions & splits & consequ5tly spiritual angui%4 ,we lose tru/ful repose :i* we exp]i5c$ :5 we bl9dly foll[$ ! traditional ways ( ?9k+4 ,eckh>t says t we are all seek+ repose :e!r consci\sly or n1 j z ! /one _c cease mov+ until x t\*es ! e>?4 ,evid5tly1 ! repose we seem$ to enjoy be=e we 7 awak5$ to ! contradictions involv$ 9 our logic1 0 n ! real "o1 ! /one has kept mov+ d[n t[>ds ! gr\nd4 ,:]e !n is ! gr\nd ( non-dualism on :i* ! s\l c be really & tru?fully tranquil & bless$8 ,to quote ,eckh>t aga91 8,simple p conceive t we are to see ,god z if ,he /ood on t side & we on ?is4 ,x is n s2 ,god & ,i are "o 9 ! act ( my p]ceiv+ ,him40 ,9 ?is absolute on5ess ( ?+s ,z5 e/abli%es ! f\ndations ( its philosophy4 ,! idea ( absolute on5ess is n ! exclusive possession ( ,z51 !re are o!r religions & philosophies t prea* ! same doctr9e4 ,if ,z51 l o!r monisms or !isms1 m]ely laid d[n ?is pr9ciple & did n h any?+ specifically to be kn[n z ,z51 x w\ld h long ceas$ to exi/ z su*4 ,b !re is 9 ,z5 some?+ unique :i* makes up its life & ju/ifies its claim to be ! mo/ preci\s h]itage ( ,ea/]n culture4 ,! foll[+ 8mondo0 or dialogue 7lit]ally1 que/ion+ & answ]+7#f4a w give u a glimpse into ! ways ( ,z54 ,a monk ask$ ,j%u 7,*ao-*\71 "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s 9 ,*9a1#f4b 8,:at is ! "o ultimate ^w ( tru?80 ,in/ead ( giv+ him any specific answ]1 he made a simple response say+1 8,yes40 ,! monk :o naturally fail$ to see any s5se 9 ?is k9d ( response ask$ = a second "t1 & to ?is ! ma/] ro>$ back1 8,i am n deaf60f#abe ,see h[ irrelevantly 7%all ,i say87 ! all-important problem ( absolute on5ess or ( ! ultimate reason is treat$ "h6 ,b ?is is *>act]i/ic ( ,z51 ?is is :]e ,z5 transc5ds logic & ov]rides ! tyranny & misrepres5tation ( ideas4 ,z ,i said be=e1 ,z5 mi/ru/s ! intellect1 does n rely ^u traditional & duali/ic me?ods ( reason+1 & h&les problems aft] its own orig9al mann]s4 ,to cite ano!r in/ance be=e go+ fur!r into ! subject prop]4 ,! same old ,j%u 0 ask$ ano!r "t1 8,"o light divides itself into hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( lights2 may ,i ask :]e ?is "o light orig9ates80f#abff4e ,?is "q l ! la/ m5tion$ is "o ( ! deepe/ & mo/ baffl+ problems ( philosophy4 ,b ! old ma/] did n wa/e mu* "t 9 answ]+ ! "q1 nor did he resort to any wordy discussion4 ,he simply ?rew (f "o ( 8 %oes )\t a rem>k4 ,:at did he mean by x8 ,to und]/& all ?is1 x is necess>y t we %\ld acquire a 8?ird eye0 z !y say1 & le>n to look at ?+s f a new po9t ( view4 ,h[ is ?is new way ( look+ at ?+s demon/rat$ by ! ,z5 ma/]s8 ,_! me?ods are naturally v uncommon1 unconv5tional1 illogical1 & consequ5tly incompreh5sible to ! un9itiat$4 ,! object ( ! pres5t essay w be to describe ^? me?ods classifi$ "u ! foll[+ g5]al head+s3 ,i4 ,v]bal ,me?od1 & ,,ii4 ,direct ,me?od4 ,! fir/ me?od may be fur!r divid$ into3 #a4 ,p>adox2 #b4 ,go+ ,beyond ,opposites2 #c4 ,contradiction2 #d4 ,affirmation2 #e4 ,repetition2 & #f4 ,exclamation4 ,! ,direct ,me?od1 s call$1 means a display ( physical =ce1 & may be subdivid$ into sev]al gr\ps su* z ge/ure1 /rik+1 p]=mance ( a def9ite set ( acts1 direct+ o!rs to move ab\t1 etc4 ,b z ,i d n mean to (f] "h any sci5tific & ?or\ghgo+ classification ( ! ,z5 ma/]s' ways ( deal+ ) _! pupils 9 ord] to initiate !m into ! my/]ies ( ,z51 ,i w n attempt to be exhau/ive 9 ?is article4 ,lat] ,i w write fully ab\t ! ,direct ,me?od4 ,if ,i make ! read] acquire "h a k9d ( und]/&+ z to ! g5]al t5d5cies & peculi>ities ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 ,i reg>d my task z a success4 ,,ii ,x is well-kn[n t all my/ics are fond ( p>adoxes to exp\nd _! views4 ,= in/ance1 a ,*ri/ian my/ic may say3 8,god is real1 yet he is no?+1 inf9ite empt9ess2 he is at once all-be+ & no-be+4 ,! div9e k+dom is real & objective2 & at ! same "t x is )9 myself--,i myself am heav5 & hell40 ,eckh>t's 8div9e d>kness0 or 8immovable mov]0 is ano!r example4 ,i believe we c casually pick up any su* /atem5ts 9 my/ic lit]ature1 & compile a book ( my/ic irrationalities4 ,z5 is no exception 9 ?is respect1 b 9 its way ( ?us express+ ! tru? !re is some?+ we may designate *>act]i/ically ,z54 ,x pr9cipally consi/s 9 ! concret5ess & vividness ( expression4 ,x g5]ally refuses to l5d an e> to ab/ractions4 ,a few examples w be giv54 ,accord+ to ,fudai%i 7,fu-ta-%ih7#f4h2 8,empty-h&$ ,i g & yet ! spade is 9 my h&s2 ,i walk on foot1 & yet on ! back ( an ox ,i am rid+3 ,:5 ,i pass ov] ! bridge1 ,lo1 ! wat] fl[e? n1 b ! bridge do? fl[40 ,?is s\nds altoge!r out ( reason1 b 9 fact ,z5 ab\nds ) su* graphic irrationalities4 8,! fl[] is n r$1 nor is ! will[ gre50--is "o ( ! be/ kn[n utt]ances ( ,z51 & is reg>d$ z ! same z its affirmative3 8,! fl[] is r$ & ! will[ is gre540 ,to put x 9 logical =mula1 x w run l ?is3 8,a is at once ,a & n-,a40 ,if s1 ,i am ,i & yet y are ,i4 ,an ,indian philosoph] ass]ts t ,tat twam asi1 ,?\ art x4 ,if s1 heav5 is hell & ,god is ,devil4 ,to pi\s or?odox ,*ri/ians1 :at a %ock+ doctr9e ?is ,z5 is6 ,:5 ,mr ,*ang dr9ks ,mr ,li gr[s tipsy4 ,! sil5t ?und]+ ,vimalakrti confess$ t he 0 sick because all 8 fell[-be+s 7 sick4 ,all wise & lov+ s\ls mu/ be said to be ! embodim5ts ( ! ,great ,p>adox ( ! univ]se4 ,b ,i am digress+4 ,:at ,i want$ to say 0 t ,z5 is m d>+ly conc]te 9 its p>adoxes ?an o!r my/ical tea*+s4 ,! latt] are m or less conf9$ to g5]al /atem5ts conc]n+ life or ,god or ! _w1 b ,z5 c>ries its p>adoxical ass]tions into e detail ( our daily life4 ,x has no hesitation 9 flatly d5y+ all our mo/ famili> facts ( exp]i5ce1 8,i am writ+ "h & yet ,i h n writt5 a ^w4 ,y are p]haps read+ ?is n[ & yet !re is n a p]son 9 ! _w :o reads4 ,i am utt]ly bl9d & deaf1 b e col\r is recognis$ & e s\nd disc]n$40 ,! ,z5 ma/]s w g on l ?is indef9itely4 ,ba%o 7,pa-*iao71 a ,korean monk ( ! n9? c5tury1 once deliv]$ a fam\s s]mon :i* ran ?us3 8,if y h a /aff 7%ujo1 or *u-*ang 9 ,*9ese71 ,i w give y "o2 if y h n1 ,i w take x away f y40#f4i ,:5 ,j%u1 ! great ,z5 ma/] ( :om m5tion 0 repeat$ly made1 0 ask$ :at he w\ld give :5 a pov]ty-/rick5 fell[ %\ld come to him1 he repli$1 8,:at is want+ 9 him80f#abgf4aj ,:5 he 0 ask$ on ano!r occasion1 8,:5 a man comes to y ) no?+1 :at w\ld y say to him80 8 imm$iate response 01 8,ca/ x away60#f4aa ,we may ask him1 ,:5 a man has no?+1 :at w he ca/8 ,:5 a man is poor1 c he be said to be suffici5t unto himself8 ,is he n 9 ne$ ( ev]y?+8 ,:atev] deep mean+ !re may be 9 ^! answ]s ( ,j%u1 ! p>adoxes are q puzzl+ & baffle our logically tra9$ intellect4 8,c>ry away ! f>m]'s ox51 & make (f ) ! hungry man's food10 is a fav\rite phrase ) ! ,z5 ma/]s :o ?9k we c ?us be/ cultivate our spiritual f>m & fill up ! s\l hungry = ! sub/ance ( ?+s4 ,x is relat$ t kubo ,%ibun1 fam\s = pa9t+ bamboo1 0 reque/$ to execute a kakemono repres5t+ a bamboo =e/4 ,cons5t+1 he pa9t$ ) all 8 kn[n skill a picture 9 :i* ! entire bamboo grove 0 9 r$4 ,! patron ^u its receipt m>vell$ at ! extraord9>y skill ) :i* ! pa9t+ _h be5 execut$1 &1 repair+ to ! arti/'s resid5ce1 he said3 8,ma/]1 ,i h come to ?ank y = ! picture2 b1 excuse me1 y h pa9t$ ! bamboo r$40 8,well10 cri$ ! ma/]1 89 :at col\r w\ld y desire x80 8,9 black1 ( c\rse10 repli$ ! patron4 8,& :o10 answ]$ ! arti/1 8ev] saw a black-leav$ bamboo80 ,:5 "o is s us$ to a c]ta9 way ( look+ at ?+s1 "o f9ds x s full ( difficulties to ve] r\nd & />t on a new l9e ( proc$ure4 ,! true col\r ( ! bamboo is p]haps nei!r r$ nor black nor gre5 nor any o!r col\r kn[n to u4 ,p]haps x is r$1 p]haps x is black j z well4 ,:o kn[s8 ,! imag9$ p>adoxes may be aft] all really n p>adoxes4 ,,iii ,! next =m 9 :i* ,z5 expresses itself is ! d5ial ( opposites1 someh[ correspond+ to ! my/ic 8via negativa40 ,! po9t is n to be 8caught0 z ! ma/]s w\ld say 9 any ( ! f\r propositions 7catu%kotika73 #a4 8,x is ,a02 #b4 8,x is n ,a02 #c4 8,x is bo? ,a & n-,a02 & #d4 8,x is nei!r ,a nor n-,a40 ,:5 we make a negation or an ass]tion1 we are sure to get into "o ( ^! logical =mulas accord+ to ! ,indian me?od ( reason+4 ,z long z ! intellect is to move along ! ord9>y duali/ic groove1 ?is is unavoidable4 ,x is 9 ! nature ( our logic t any /atem5t we c make is to be s express$4 ,b ,z5 ?9ks t ! tru? c be rea*$ :5 x is nei!r ass]t$ nor negat$4 ,?is is inde$ ! dilemma ( life1 b ! ,z5 ma/]s are ev] insi/5t on escap+ ! dilemma4 ,let u see if !y escape free4 ,accord+ to ,ummon1#f4ab 8,9 ,z5 !re is absolute fre$om2 sometimes x negates & at o!r times x affirms2 x does ei!r way at pleasure40 ,a monk ask$1 8,h[ does x negate80 8,) ! pass+ ( w9t] !re come? spr+40 8,:at happ5s :5 spr+ come?80 8,c>ry+ a /aff across ! %\ld]s1 let "o ramble ab\t 9 ! fields1 ea/ or we/1 nor? or s\?1 & beat ! old /umps to "o's he>t's cont5t40 ,?is 0 "o way to be free z %[n by "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s 9 ,*9a4 ,ano!r way foll[s4 ,! ma/]s g5]ally g ab\t ) a k9d ( %ort /ick kn[n z %ipp 7*u-pi71 or at lea/ !y did s 9 old ,*9a4 ,x does n matt] :e!r x is a %ipp or n1 any?+ 9 fact w answ] our purpose4 ,%uzan1 a not$ ,z5 ma/] ( ! t5? c5tury1 held out 8 /ick & said to a gr\p ( 8 disciples3#f4ac 8,call x n a %ipp2 if y d1 y ass]t4 ,nor d y d5y its be+ a %ipp2 if y d1 y negate4 ,ap>t f affirmation & negation1 speak1 speak60 ,! idea is to get our heads free f duali/ic tangles & philosophic subtleties4 ,a monk came out ( ! rank1 took ! %ipp away f ! ma/]'s h&1 & ?rew x d[n on ! floor4 ,is ?is ! answ]8 ,is ?is ! way to respond to ! ma/]'s reque/ 8to speak08 ,is ?is ! way to transc5d ! f\r propositions--! logical conditions ( ?9k+8 ,9 %ort1 is ?is ! way to be free8 ,no?+ is /]eotyp$ 9 ,z51 & somebody else may solve ! difficulty 9 q a diff]5t mann]4 ,?is is :]e ,z5 is orig9al & creative4 ,ummon express$ ! same idea ) 8 /aff1 :i* he held up1 say+1#f4ad 8,:at is ?is8 ,if y say x is a /aff1 y g "r to hell2 b if x is n a /aff1 :at is x80 ,hima's 7,pi-mo7 way some:at deviat$ f ?is4 ,he us$ to c>ry a =k$ /ick & :5ev] a monk came up to him & made a b[1 he appli$ ! /ick on ! neck ( ! monk1 & said1#f4ae 8,:at devil taught y to be a homeless monk8 ,:at devil taught y to g r\nd8 ,:e!r y c say some?+1 or :e!r y _c say any?+1 all ! same y are to die "u my =k3 speak1 speak1 be quick60 ,tokusan 7,t-%an7 0 ano!r ma/] :o fl\ri%$ a /ick to ! same effect2 = he us$ to say#f4af3 8,no matt] :at y say1 or :at y say n1 j ! same ?irty bl[s = y80 ,:5 ! own]%ip ( a kitt5 0 disput$ betwe5 two p>ties ( monks1 ! ,ma/] ,nans5 7,nan-*#8an ,p#8u-yan1 #gdi-hce7 came out1 took hold ( ! animal1 & said to !m1#f4ag 8,if y c say a ^w1 ?is w be sav$3 if n1 x w be sla940 ,by 8a ^w0 ( c\rse he meant "o t transc5d$ bo? affirmation & negation1 z :5 ,j%u 0 ask$ = 8,"o ^w ( ! ultimate tru?40 ,no "o made a response1 :]eupon ! ma/] slew ! poor creature4 ,nans5 looks l a h>d-he>t$ ,buddhi/1 b 8 po9t is3 ,to say x is1 involves u 9 a dilemma2 to say x is n1 puts u 9 ! same pr$icam5t4 ,to atta9 to ! tru?1 ?is dualism mu/ be avoid$4 ,h[ d y avoid x8 ,x may n only be ! loss ( ! life ( a kitt51 b ! loss ( y\r own life & s\l1 if y fail to ride ov] ?is impasse4 ,h5ce ,nans5's dra/ic proc$ure4 ,lat]1 9 ! ev5+ ,j%u :o 0 "o ( 8 disciples came back1 :5 ! ma/] told him ( ! incid5t ( ! day4 ,j%u at once took (f "o ( 8 /raw s&als & putt+ x ov] 8 head began to dep>t4 ,^u ?is1 said ! ma/]1 8,:at a pity y 7 n to-day ) u1 = y c\ld h sav$ ! kitt540 ,?is /range behavi\r1 h[ev]1 0 ,j%u's way ( affirm+ ! tru? transc5d+ ! dualism ( 8to be0 7sat7 & 8n to be0 7asat74 ,:ile ,kyzan 7,yang-%an1 #hjd-hij7 0 resid+ at ,thei 7,tung-p+7 ( ,%ao-*\1 8 ma/] ,isan 7,wei-%an1 #gga-hec71--;bo? ( :om 7 not$ ,z5 ma/]s ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y--s5t him a mirror accompani$ ) a lett]4#f4ah ,kyzan held =? ! mirror be=e a congregation ( monks & said1 8,o monks1 ,isan has s5t "h a mirror4 ,is ?is ,isan's mirror or m9e own8 ,if y say x is ,isan's1 h[ is x t ! mirror is 9 my h&s8 ,if y say x is m9e own1 has x n come f ,isan8 ,if y make a prop] /atem5t1 x w be reta9$ "h4 ,if y _c1 x w be sma%$ 9 pieces40 ,he said ?is = ?ree times b nobody ev5 made an attempt to answ]4 ,! mirror 0 !n sma%$4 ,?is 0 some:at l ! case ( ,nans5's kitt54 ,9 bo? cases ! monks fail$ to save ! innoc5t victim or ! preci\s treasure1 simply because _! m9ds 7 n yet free f intellectualism & 7 unable to break ?r\gh ! entanglem5ts purposely set up by ,nans5 9 "o case & by ,kyzan 9 ! o!r4 ,! ,z5 me?od ( tra9+ its foll[]s ?us appe>s s altoge!r out ( reason & unnecess>ily inhuman4 ,b ! ma/]'s eyes are always ^u ! tru? absolute & yet atta9able 9 ?is _w ( p>ticul>s4 ,if ?is c be ga9$1 :at does x matt] :e!r a ?+ kn[n z preci\s be brok5 & an animal be sacrific$8 ,is n ! recov]+ ( ! s\l m important ?an ! loss ( a k+dom8 ,kyg5 7,hsiang-y571#f4ai a disciple ( ,isan 7,wei-%an71 ) :om we got acqua9t$ j n[1 said 9 "o ( 8 s]mons3 8,x is l a man ov] a precipice "o ?\s& feet high1 he is hang+ himself !re ) a bran* ( a tree betwe5 8 tee?1 ! feet are f> (f ! gr\nd1 & 8 h&s are n tak+ hold ( any?+4 ,suppose ano!r man com+ to him to propose a "q1 #8,:at is ! mean+ ( ! fir/ patri>* com+ ov] "h f ! we/8' ,if ?is man %\ld op5 ! m\? to answ]1 he is sure to fall & lose 8 life2 b if he w\ld make no answ]1 he mu/ be said to ignore ! inquir]4 ,at ?is critical mom5t :at %\ld he d80 ,?is is putt+ ! negation ( opposites 9 a mo/ graphically illu/rative mann]4 ,! man ov] ! precipice is caught 9 a dilemma ( life & dea?1 & !re c be no logical quibbl+s4 ,! cat may be sacrific$ at ! alt> ( ,z51 ! mirror may be sma%$ on ! gr\nd1 b h[ ab\t "o's own life8 ,! ,buddha 9 "o ( 8 =m] lives is said to h ?r[n himself d[n into ! maw ( a man-dev\r+ mon/]1 9 ord] to get ! :ole /anza ( ! tru?4 ,z5 be+ practical wants u to make ! same noble det]m9ation to give up our duali/ic life = ! sake ( enlight5m5t & et]nal peace4 ,= x says t its gate w op5 :5 ?is det]m9ation is rea*$4 ,! logical dualism ( 8to be0 7a/i7 & 8n to be0 7na/i7 is frequ5tly express$ by ,z5 ma/]s by su* t]ms ( contra/ z are us$ 9 our daily p>lance3 8tak+ life0 & 8giv+ life10 8captur+0 & 8releas+10 8giv+0 & 8tak+ away10 8com+ 9 contact0 & 8turn+ away f10#f4bj etc4 ,ummon once held up 8 /aff & decl>$3 8,! :ole _w1 heav5 & e>?1 altoge!r owes its life & dea? to ?is /aff40 ,a monk came out & ask$1 8,h[ is x kill$80 8,wri?+ 9 agony60 8,h[ is x re/or$ to life80 8,y _h bett] be a *f40 8,:5 x is nei!r put to dea? nor liv+1 :at w\ld y say80 ,ummon rose f 8 seat & said1 8,mo-h-pan-j-po-lo-mi-ta60 7,mah-praj-pramit74#f4ba ,?is 0 ,ummon's syn!sis--8! "o ^w0 ( ! ultimate tru?1 9 :i* !sis & anti!sis are concretely unifi$1 & to :i* ! f\r propositions are inapplicable 7rahita74 ,,iv ,we n[ come to ! ?ird class ,i h /yl$1 8,contradiction10 by :i* ,i mean ! ,z5 ma/]'s negation1 implicitly or expressly1 ( :at he himself has /at$ or :at has be5 /at$ by ano!r4 ,to "o & ! same "q 8 answ] is sometimes 8,no10 sometimes 8,yes40 ,or to a well-kn[n & fully-e/abli%$ fact he gives an unqualifi$ d5ial4 ,f an ord9>y po9t ( view he is altoge!r unreliable1 yet he seems to ?9k t ! tru? ( ,z5 requires su* contradictions & d5ials2 = ,z5 has a /&>d ( its own1 :i*1 to our common-s5se m9ds1 consi/s j 9 negat+ ev]y?+ we prop]ly hold true & real4 ,9 spite ( ^! app>5t confusions1 ! philosophy ( ,z5 is guid$ by a ?or\gh-go+ pr9ciple :i*1 :5 once grasp$1 its topsy-turv9ess becomes ! pla9e/ tru?4 ,a monk ask$ ! six? patri>* ( ! ,z5 sect 9 ,*9a1 :o fl\ri%$ late 9 ! sev5? & e>ly 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 8,:o has atta9$ to ! secrets ( ,wobai 7,huang-mei780 ,wobai is ! "n ( ! m\nta9 :]e ! fif? patri>*1 ,hung-jn us$ to reside1 &1 x 0 a well-kn[n fact t ,hui-nng1 ! six? patri>*1 /udi$ ,z5 "u him & succe$$ 9 ! or?odox l9e ( transmission4 ,! "q 0 !re=e really n a pla9 regul> "o1 seek+ an in=mation ab\t facts4 ,x _h q an ult]ior object4 ,! reply ( ! six? patri>* 01 8,"o :o und]/&s ,buddhism has atta9$ to ! secrets ( ,wobai40 8,h y !n atta9$ !m80 8,no1 ,i h n40 8,h[ is x10 ask$ ! monk1 8t y h n80 ,! answ] 01 8,i d n und]/& ,buddhism40f#abhf4bb ,did he n really und]/& ,buddhism8 ,or is x t n to und]/& is to und]/&8 ,?is is also ! philosophy ( ! ,k5a-,upani%ad4 ,! self-contradiction ( ! six? patri>* is some:at mild & indirect :5 comp>$ ) t ( ,dg 7,tao-wu74 ,he succe$$ to ,yakusan 7,yeh-%an ,wei-y51 #gea-hcd71 b :5 he 0 ask$ by ,goh 7,wu-fng7 :e!r he knew ! old ma/] ( ,yakusan1 he flatly d5i$ x1 say+1#f4bc 8,no1 ,i d n40 ,goh 0 h[ev] p]si/5t1 8,:y d y n "k him80 8,i d n1 ,i d n10 0 ! emphatic /atem5t ( ,dg4 ,! latt] ?us s+ul>ly en\gh refus$ to give any reason except simply & =cibly d5y+ ! fact :i* 0 app>5t to our common-s5se k4 ,ano!r emphatic & unequivocal contradiction by ,tes%ikaku 7,t#8ieh-tsui ,*iao7 is bett] kn[n to /ud5ts ( ,z5 ?an ! case j cit$4#f4bd ,he 0 a disciple ( ,j%u 7,*ao-*\74 ,:5 he visit$ ,hg5 7,fa-y5 ,wn-i1 di$ #ieh71 ano!r great ,z5 ma/]1 ! latt] ask$ him1 :at 0 ! la/ place he came f4 ,tes%ikaku repli$ t he came f ,j%u4 ,said ,hg51 8,i und]/& t a cypress tree once became ! subject ( 8 talk2 0 t really s80 ,tes%ikaku 0 positive 9 8 d5ial1 say+1 8,he _h no su* talk40 ,hg5 prote/$1 8,all ! monks com+ f ,j%u lately speak ( 8 ref]5ce to a cypress tree 9 answ] to a monk's "q1 #8,:at 0 ! real object ( ! com+ ea/ ( ,bodhi-dh>ma8' ,h[ d y say t ,j%u made no su* ref]5ce to a cypress tree80 ,:]eupon ,tes%ikaku ro>$1 8,my late ma/] nev] made su* a talk2 no slight+ allusion to him1 if y please60 ,hg5 greatly admir$ ?is attitude on ! "p ( ! disciple ( ! fam\s ,j%u1 & said1 8,truly1 y are a lion's *ild60 ,9 ,z5 lit]ature1 ,dh>ma's com+ f ! we/1 t is1 f ,india1 is q frequ5tly made ! subject ( ! disc\rse4 ,:5 a "q is ask$ z to ! real object ( 8 com+ ov] to ,*9a1 x ref]s to ! ultimate pr9ciple ( ,buddhism1 & has no?+ to d ) 8 p]sonal motive :i* made him cross ! ocean1 l&+ him at "s po9t along ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,*9a4 ,! hi/orical fact is n ! issue "h4 ,& to ?is all-important "q num]\s answ]s are giv51 b s v>i$ & s unexpect$ly odd1 yet accord+ to ,z5 ma/]s all expressive ( ! tru? ( _! tea*+4 ,?is contradiction1 negation1 or p>adoxical /atem5t is ! inevitable result ( ! ,z5 way ( look+ at life4 ,! :ole emphasis ( its discipl9e is plac$ on ! intuitive grasp+ ( ! inn] tru? deeply hidd5 9 our consci\sness4 ,& ?is tru? ?us reveal$ or awak5$ )9 oneself defies intellectual manipulation1 or at lea/ _c be imp>t$ to o!rs ?r\gh any ( dialectical =mulas4 ,x mu/ come out ( oneself1 gr[ )9 oneself1 & become "o ) "o's own be+4 ,:at o!rs1 t is1 ideas or images c d1 is to indicate ! way :]e lies ! tru?4 ,?is is :at ,z5 ma/]s d4 ,& ! indicators giv5 by !m are naturally unconv5tionally free & refre%+ly orig9al4 ,z _! eyes are always fix$ on ! ultimate tru? itself1 any?+ & ev]y?+ !y c comm& is utilis$ to accompli% ! end1 reg>dless ( its logical conditions & consequ5ces4 ,?is indiff]5ce to logic is sometimes ass]t$ purposely1 j to let u "k t ! tru? ( ,z5 is indep5d5t ( ! intellect4 ,h5ce ! /atem5t 9 ! ,pra-pramit ,stra1 t 8,n to h any ,dh>ma to disc\rse ab\t--?is is disc\rs+ ab\t ! ,dh>ma40 7,dh>madean dh>madeaneti subhte n/i sa kacid dh>mo yo dh>madean nmotpalabhyate47 ,haikyu 7,p#8ei ,hsiu71 a /ate m9i/] ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y1 0 a devot$ foll[] ( ,z5 "u baku4 ,"o day#f4be he %[$ him a manuscript 9 :i* 8 und]/&+ ( ,z5 0 /at$4 ,! ma/] took x1 & sett+ x d[n beside him1 made no movem5t to read x1 b rema9$ sil5t = "s little :ile4 ,he !n said1 8,d y und]/&80 8,n q10 answ]$ ! m9i/]4 8,if y h an und]/&+ "h10 said ! ma/]1 8!re is some?+ ( ,z54 ,b if x is committ$ to pap] & ink1 n[h]e is our religion to be f\nd40 ,some?+ analog\s to ?is we h already notic$ 9 ,haku9's int]view ) ,%ju ,rn94 ,be+ a liv+ fact1 ,z5 is only :]e liv+ facts are h&l$4 ,appeal to ! intellect is real & liv+ z long z x issues directly f life4 ,o!rwise1 no am\nt ( lit]>y accompli%m5t or ( intellectual analysis avails 9 ! /udy ( ,z54 ,v ,s f> ,z5 appe>s to be no?+ b a philosophy ( negation & contradiction1 :]eas 9 fact x has its affirmative side1 & 9 ?is consi/s ! uniqu5ess ( ,z54 ,9 mo/ =ms ( my/icism1 speculative or emotional1 _! ass]tions are g5]al & ab/ract1 & !re is n mu* 9 !m t w specifically di/+ui% !m f "s ( ! philosophical dictums4 ,s+s ,blake = in/ance3 8,to see a _w 9 a gra9 ( s&1 ,& a heav5 9 a wild fl[]1 ,hold inf9ity 9 ! palm ( y\r h& ,& et]nity 9 an h\r40 ,aga9 li/5 to ! exquisite feel+s express$ 9 ! l9es ( ,)]3 8,by ! murmur ( a spr+1 ,or ! lea/ b\gh's ru/l+2 ,by a daisy1 ^: leaves spread ,%ut :5 ,titan goes to b$2 ,or a %ady bu% or tree-- ,%e c\ld m infuse 9 me ,?an all nature's beauties c ,9 "s o!r wis] man40 ,x is n v difficult to und]/& ^! poetic & my/ical feel+s z express$ by ! highly s5sitive s\ls1 ?\gh we may n all realise exactly z !y felt4 ,ev5 :5 ,eckh>t decl>es t 8! eye ) :i* ,i see ,god is ! same ) :i* ,god sees me10 or :5 ,plot9us ref]s to 8t :i* m9d1 :5 x turns back1 ?9ks be=e x ?9ks itself10 we d n f9d x altoge!r beyond our und]/&+ to get at _! mean+ z f> z ! ideas are conc]n$ :i* !y try to convey 9 ^! my/ical utt]ances4 ,b :5 we come to /atem5ts by ! ,z5 ma/]s1 we are entirely at sea h[ to take !m4 ,_! affirmations are z irrelevant1 s inappropriate1 s irrational1 & s nons5sical--at lea/ sup]ficially1 t ^? :o h n ga9$ ! ,z5 way ( look+ at ?+s c h>dly make1 z we say1 heads or tails ( !m4 ,! tru? is t ev5 ) full-fl$g$ my/ics !y are unable to be q free f ! ta9t ( intellection1 & leave z a rule 8traces0 by :i* _! holy abode c\ld be rea*$4 ,plot9us' 8flight f alone to alone0 is a great my/ical utt]ance prov+ h[ deeply he delv$ into ! inn] sanctu>y ( our consci\sness4 ,b !re is /ill some?+ speculative or metaphysical ab\t x1 & :5 x is put side by side ) ! ,z5 utt]ances to be cit$ bel[1 x has1 z ! ma/]s w\ld say1 a my/ic flav\r on ! surface4 ,s long z ! ma/]s are indulg+ 9 negations1 d5ials1 contradictions1 or p>adoxes1 ! /a9 ( speculation is n q wa%$ (f ( !m4 ,naturally1 ,z5 is n oppos$ to speculation z x is also "o ( ! functions ( ! m9d4 ,b ,z5 has travell$ along a diff]5t pa? altoge!r unique1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! hi/ory ( my/icism1 :e!r ,ea/]n or ,we/]n1 ,*ri/ian or ,buddhi/4 ,a few examples w suffice to illu/rate my po9t4 ,a monk ask$ ,j%u1#f4bf 8,i read 9 ! ,sutra t all ?+s return to ! ,"o1 b :]e does ?is ,"o return to80 ,answ]$ ! ma/]1 8,:5 ,i 0 9 ! prov9ce ( ,ts+ ,i _h a robe made :i* weigh$ sev5 *940 ,:5 ,kr9 7,hsiang-l9 ,yan7#f4bg 0 ask$ :at 0 ! signification ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma's com+ f ! ,we/1 8 reply 01 8,aft] a long sitt+ "o feels fatigu$40 ,:at is ! logical relation betwe5 ! "q & ! answ]8 ,does x ref] to ,dh>ma's n9e ye>s' sitt+ aga9/ ! wall z ! tradition has x8 ,if s1 0 8 propag&a mu* ado = no?+ except 8 feel+ fatigu$8 ,:5 ,kwazan 7,h-%an7#f4bh 0 ask$ :at ! ,buddha 01 he said1 8,i "k h[ to play ! drum1 rub-a-dub1 rub-a-dub60 7*ieh ta ku74 ,:5 ,baso ,di*i 0 sick1#f4bi "o ( 8 disciples came & inquir$ ab\t 8 condition1 8,h[ d y feel to-day80 8,ni*im5-butsu1 ,gwa*im5-butsu60 0 ! reply :i* lit]ally means 8sun-fac$ ,buddha1 moon-fac$ ,buddha60 ,a monk ask$ ,j%u1#f4cj 8,:5 ! body crumbles all to pieces & returns to ! du/1 !re et]nally abides "o ?+4 ,( ?is ,i h be5 told1 b :]e does ?is "o ?+ abide80 ,! ma/] repli$1 8,x is w9dy aga9 ?is morn+40 ,:5 ,%uzan 7,%\-%an7 0 ask$ :at 0 ! pr9cipal tea*+ ( ,buddhism1 he quot$ a v]se#f4ca3 8,by ! ca/le ( ! k+ ( ,*#8u1 ,ea/w>d fl[s ! /ream ( ,ju40 8,:o is ! tea*] ( all ! ,buddhas80#f4cb 0 ! "q put to ,bokuju 7,mu-*\71 :o 9 reply m]ely humm$ a tune1 8,t+-t+1 tung-tung1 ku-ti1 ku-tung60 ,to ! "q :at ,z5 01 ! same ma/] gave ! foll[+ answ]1 8,namu-sambo60 7namoratnatrayya74 ,! monk h[ev] confess$ t he c\ld n und]/& x1 :]eupon ! ma/] exclaim$1 8,o y mis]able frog1 :5ce is ?is evil k>ma ( y\rs80 ,on ano!r occasion1 ! same "q call$ out a diff]5t answ]1 :i* 01 8,makahannyah>amii60 7mahprajpramit74 ,:5 ! monk fail$ to compreh5d ! ultimate mean+ ( ! phrase1 ! ma/] w5t on3 8,my robe is all worn out aft] s _m ye>s' usage1 ,& p>ts ( x 9 %r$s loosely hang+1 h be5 bl[n away to ! cl\ds60 ,to quote ano!r case f ,bokuju1 he 0 once ask$ by a monk1 8,:at is ! doctr9e t goes beyond ! ,buddhas & ,fa!rs80 ,! ma/] imm$iately hold+ up 8 /aff said to ! congregation1 8,i call ?is a /aff1 & :at w\ld y call x80 ,no answ] 0 =?com+1 :]eupon ! ma/] aga9 hold+ =? ! /aff ask$ ! monk1 8,did y n ask me ab\t ! doctr9e t goes beyond ! ,buddhas & ,fa!rs80 ,:5 ,nan-y9 ,y-gu 7,nan-yan ,hui-yung7#f4cc 0 once ask$ :at ! ,buddha 01 he said1 8,:at is n ! ,buddha80 ,ano!r "t 8 answ] 01 8,i nev] knew him40 ,!re 0 /ill ano!r occasion :5 he said1 8,wait until !re is "o1 = !n ,i w tell y40 ,s f> ,nan-y9 does n seem to be s v incompreh5sible1 b :at foll[s w *all5ge our ke5e/ intellectual analysis4 ,:5 ! inquir+ monk repli$ to ! ma/]'s ?ird /atem5t1 say+1 8,if s1 !re is no ,buddha 9 y10 ! ma/] promptly ass]t$1 8,y are "r !re40 ,?is evok$ a fur!r "q1 8,:]e am ,i "r1 sir80 8,?is is ! ?irtie? day ( ! mon?10 repli$ ! ma/]4 ,ki-su ,*i-jo 7,kuei-tsung ,*ih-*#8ang7 0 "o ( ! able disciples ( ,baso 7,ma-tsu74#f4cd ,:5 he 0 we$+ 9 ! g>d51 a ,buddhi/ s*ol> v]s$ 9 ! philosophy ( ,buddhism came to see ! ma/]4 ,a snake happ5$ to pass by !m1 & ! ma/] at once kill$ x ) a spade4 ,! philosoph]-monk rem>k$1 8,h[ long ,i h he>d ( ! "n ( ,kisu1 & h[ rev]5tly ,i h ?\ght ( x6 ,b :at d ,i see n[ b a rude-mann]$ monk80 8,o my s*ol>-monk10 said ! ma/]1 8y _h bett] g back to ! ,hall & h a cup ( tea ov] !re40 ,kisu's retort z x /&s "h is q un9telligible z f> z our common-s5se k ( worldly affairs goes2 b accord+ to ano!r in=mant ,kisu is report$1 :5 he 0 reproa*$ by ! monk1 to h said ?is1 8,:o is ! rude-mann]$ "o1 y or ,i80 ,!n said ! monk1 8,:at is rude-mann]$80 ,! ma/] held up ! spade4 8,:at is ref9$8 8,he n[ assum$ ! attitude z if to kill ! snake4 8,if s10 said ! monk1 8y are behav+ accord+ to ! law40 8,en\gh ) my lawful or unlawful behavi\r10 dem&$ ! ma/]1 8:5 did y see my kill+ ! snake anyway80 ,! monk made no answ]4#f4cd;a ,p]haps ?is is suffici5t to %[ h[ freely ,z5 deals ) ^? ab/ruse philosophical problems :i* h be5 tax+ all human +5uity ev] s9ce ! dawn ( intellig5ce4 ,let me conclude ?is "p ) a sample s]mon deliv]$ by ,goso ,hy5 7,wu-tsu ,fa-y572 = a ,z5 ma/] occasionally1 no1 q frequ5tly1 comes d[n to ! duali/ic level ( und]/&+ & tries to deliv] a spee* = ! edification ( 8 pupils4 ,b be+ a ,z5 s]mon we naturally expect some?+ unusual 9 x4 ,goso 0 "o ( ! able/ ,z5 ma/]s ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,he 0 ! tea*] ( ,y5go 7,yan-wu7 fam\s z ! au?or ( ! ,hekigan%u4 ,"o ( 8 s]mons runs ?us#f4ce3 8,ye/]day ,i came across "o topic :i* ,i ?\ght ,i might communicate to y1 my pupils1 to-day4 ,b an old man su* z ,i am is apt to =get1 & ! topic has gone (f altoge!r f my m9d4 ,i _c j recall x40 ,s say+1 ,goso rema9$ quiet = "s little "t1 b at la/ he exclaim$1 8,i =get1 ,i =get1 ,i _c rememb]60 ,he resum$ h[ev]1 8,i "k !re is a mantram 9 "o ( ! ,sutras kn[n z ,! ,k+ ( ,good ,memory4 ,^? :o are =getful may recite x1 & ! ?+ =gott5 w come aga94 ,well1 ,i mu/ try40 ,he !n recit$ ! mantram1 8,om o-lo-lok-kei svha60 ,clapp+ 8 h&s & laugh+ he>tily he said1 8,i rememb]1 ,i rememb]2 ?is x 03 ,:5 y seek ! ,buddha1 y _c see him3 :5 y look = ! patri>*1 y _c see him4 ,! muskmelon is sweet ev5 to ! /ems1 ! bitt] g\rd is bitt] ev5 to ! roots40 ,he !n came d[n f ! pulpit )\t fur!r rem>k4 ,,vi ,9 "o ( 8 s]mons1 ,eckh>t ref]r+ to ! mutual relation%ip betwe5 ,god & man1 says3 8,x is z if "o /ood be=e a high m\nta9 & cri$1 #8,art ?\ !re8' ,! e*o comes back1 #8,art ?\ !re8' ,if "o cries1 #8,come out6' ! e*o answ]s1 #8,come out6'0 ,some?+ l ?is is to be obs]v$ 9 ! ,z5 ma/]s' answ]s n[ classifi$ "u 8,repetition40 ,x may be f\nd h>d = ! un9itiat$ to p5etrate into ! inn] mean+ ( ^? p>rot-l repetitions :i* sometimes s\nd l mimicry on ! "p ( ! ma/]4 ,9 ?is case inde$ ! words !mselves are m]e s\nds1 & ! inn] s5se is to be read 9 ! e*o+ itself if any:]e4 ,! und]/&+ h[ev] mu/ come out ( "o's own inn] life & :at ! e*o+ does is to give ?is *ance ( self-awak5+ to ! e>ne/ seek]s ( tru?4 ,:5 ! m9d is s tim$ z to be all ready to break into a c]ta9 note1 ! ma/] turns ! key & x s+s out its own melody1 n le>n$ f anybody else b discov]$ )9 itself4 ,& ?is turn+ ! key 9 ! =m ( repetition 9 ?is case is :at int]e/s u 9 ! foll[+ quotations4 ,*sui 7,*#8ang-%ui ,tzu-hsan7#f4cf once ask$ ,yekaku 7,hui-*iao71 ( ,m\nt ,rya 7,lang-yeh71 :o liv$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! elev5? c5tury1 8,h[ is x t ! ,orig9ally ,pure has all ( a sudd5 come to produce m\nta9s & riv]s & ! great e>?80 ,! "q is tak5 f ! rangama-stra 9 :i* ,purna asks ( ! ,buddha h[ ! ,absolute came to evolve ?is ph5om5al _w4 ,= ?is is a great philosophical problem t has p]plex$ ! greate/ m9ds ( all ages4 ,s f> all ! int]pretations mak+ up ! hi/ory ( ?\ght h prov$ unsatisfactory 9 "o way or ano!r4 ,*sui also be+ a /ud5t ( philosophy 9 a way has n[ come to 8 tea*] to be enlight5$ on ! subject4 ,b ! tea*]'s answ] 0 no answ] z we und]/& x1 = he m]ely repeat$ ! "q1 8,h[ is x t ! ,orig9ally ,pure has all ( a sudd5 come to produce m\nta9s & riv]s & ! great e>?80 ,translat$ into ,engli%1 ?is dialogue loses mu* ( its ze/4 ,let me write x d[n 9 ,japanese-,*9ese3 ,*sui ask$1 8,%-j hon-n5 un-ga kos-%o s5-ga dai-ji10 & ! ma/] e*o$1 8,%-j hon-n5 un-ga kos-%o s5-ga dai-ji40 ,?is 0 n1 h[ev]1 en\gh4 ,lat]1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ano!r great ,z5 ma/]1 ,kido 7,hs-t#8ang71 comm5t$ on ?is 9 a /ill m my/ify+ mann]4#f4cg ,8 s]mon "o day ran 9 ?is wise3 8,:5 ,*sui ask$ ,yekaku1 #8,%-j hon-n5 un-ga kos-%o s5-ga dai-ji1' ! "q 0 e*o$ back to ! que/ion] himself1 & x is said t ! spiritual eye ( ! disciple 0 !n op5$4 ,i n[ want to ask y h[ ?is c\ld h happ5$4 ,7 n ! "q & ! answ] exactly ! same8 ,:at reason did ,*sui f9d 9 ?is8 ,let me comm5t on x40 ,:]eupon he /ruck 8 *air ) ! hossu1 & said1 8,%-j hon-n5 un-ga kos-%o s5-ga dai-ji40 ,8 comm5t complicates ! matt] in/ead ( simplify+ x4 ,?is has ev] be5 a great "q ( philosophy--?is "q ( unity & multiplicity1 ( m9d & matt]1 ( ?\ght & reality4 ,z51 be+ nei!r idealism nor realism1 proposes its own way ( solution z is illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( ! ,orig9ally ,pure4 ,! foll[+ "o solves ! problem also 9 its own way4 ,a monk ask$ ,*sa ,kei%91#f4ch 8,h[ d we1 trans=m+ 7*uan7 m\nta9s & riv]s & ! e>?1 r$uce !m into ! ,self80 ,repli$ ! ma/]1 8,h[ d we1 trans=m+ ! ,self1 produce m\nta9s & riv]s & ! e>?80 ,! monk confess$ ignorance1 :]eupon said ! ma/]3 8,9 ?is city s\? ( ! ,lake1 p are ?riv+ well1-- ,*eap rice & pl5tiful fuel & prosp]+ neighb\rhood40 ,tsu ,daido 7,t#8ou-tzu ,tai-t#8ung71#f4ci ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #iad1 answ]$ 8,! ,buddha10 :5 he 0 que/ion$1 8,:at is ! ,buddha80 ,he said 8,tao0 :5 ! "q 01 8,:at is ,tao80 ,he answ]$ 8! ,dh>ma0 to ! "q1 8,:at is ! ,dh>ma80 ,:5 ,j%u ask$ ,kwan*u 7,tai-tz#8u ,huan-*ung7#f4dj ( ! n9? c5tury1 8,:at is ! be+ or sub/ance ( ,praj80 ,kwan*u )\t giv+ any answ] simply e*o$ ! "q1 8,:at is ! be+ ( ,praj80 ,& ?is br\ght out a he>ty laugh on ! "p ( ,j%u4 ,praj may be translat$ supreme intellig5ce1 & ,majur is reg>d$ by ! ,mahayani/s z ! embodim5t ( ,praj4 ,b 9 ?is case ,majur has no?+ to d ) x4 ,! "q is conc]n$ ) ! sub/antial conception ( ,praj1 :i*1 be+ a =m ( m5tal activity1 requires some?+ to abide 94 ,accord+ to ,buddhi/ philosophy1 !re are ?ree fundam5tal conceptions to expla9 ! problem ( exi/5ce3 ,sub/ance or ,be+ 7bhva71 ,appe>ance or ,aspect 7lak%aa71 & ,function or ,activity 7kitya74 ,or1 to use ! t]ms ( ! ,mdhyamika1 ! ?ree conceptions are actor1 act1 & act+4 ,praj be+ an intellectual act+1 !re mu/ be an ag5t or sub/ance back ( x4 ,h5ce ! "q3 ,:at is ! be+ or body ( ,praj8 ,n[1 ! answ] or e*o giv5 out by ,kwan*u does n expla9 any?+1 we are at a loss z f> z its conceptual signification goes4 ,! ,z5 ma/]s d n give u any lit]>y clue to get ar\nd :at we see on ! surface4 ,:5 we try to und]/& x intellectually1 x slips away f u4 ,x mu/ be approa*$ !re=e f ano!r plane ( unconsci\sness4 ,unless we move on to ! same plane :]e ! ma/]s /&1 or unless we ab&on s-call$ common-s5se way ( reason+1 !re is no possible bridge :i* w c>ry u ov] ! *asm divid+ our intellection f _! app>5tly psittac9e repetitions4 ,9 ?is case1 z 9 o!r cases1 ! idea ( ! ma/]s is to %[ ! way :]e ! tru? ( ,z5 is to be exp]i5c$1 b n 9 & ?r\gh ! language :i* !y use & :i* we all use1 z ! means ( communicat+ ideas4 ,language1 9 case !y resort to words1 s]ves z an expression ( feel+s or moods or inn] /ates1 b n ( ideas1 & !re=e x becomes entirely incompreh5sible :5 we se>* its mean+ 9 ! words ( ! ma/]s z embody+ ideas4 ,( c\rse1 words are n to be altoge!r disreg>d$ inasmu* z !y correspond to ! feel+s or exp]i5ces4 ,to "k ?is is m important 9 ! und]/&+ ( ,z54 ,language is !n ) ! ,z5 ma/]s a k9d ( exclamation or ejaculation z directly com+ out ( _! inn] spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,no mean+ is to be s\ght 9 ! expression itself1 b )9 ourselves1 9 our own m9ds1 :i* are awak5$ to ! same exp]i5ce4 ,!re=e1 :5 we und]/& ! language ( ! ,z5 ma/]s1 x is ! und]/&+ ( ourselves & n ! s5se ( ! language :i* reflects ideas & n ! exp]i5c$ feel+s !mselves4 ,?us x is impossible to make ^? und]/& ,z5 :o h n _h any ,z5 exp]i5ce yet1 j z x is impossible = ! p to realise ! sweetness ( honey :o h nev] ta/$ x be=e4 ,) su* p1 8sweet0 honey w ev] rema9 z an idea altoge!r devoid ( s5se1 t is1 ! ^w has no life ) !m4 ,goso ,hy5 fir/ /udi$ ! ,yogcra s*ool ( ,buddhi/ philosophy & came across ! foll[+ passage3 8,:5 ! ,bodhisattva ent]s on ! pa? ( k1 he f9ds t ! discrim9at+ intellect is id5tifi$ ) ,reason1 & t ! objective _w is fus$ ) ,intellig5ce1 & !re is no di/9ction to be made betwe5 ! kn[+ & ! kn[n40 ,! anti-,yogcrians refut$ ?is /atem5t1 say+ t if ! kn[+ is n di/+ui%$ f ! kn[n1 h[ is k at all possible8 ,! ,yogcrians c\ld n answ] ?is criticism1 :5 ,hsan-*ang :o 0 at ! "t 9 ,india int]pos$ & sav$ 8 bre?r5 9 fai? f ! qu&>y4 ,8 answ] 03 8,x is l dr9k+ wat]1 "o kn[s by oneself :e!r x is cold or n40 ,:5 ,goso read ?is1 he que/ion$ himself1 8,:at is ?is t makes "o "k ?us by oneself80 ,?is 0 ! way he />t$ on 8 ,z5 t\r1 = 8 ,yogcra fri5ds be+ philosoph]s c\ld n enlight5 him1 & he f9ally came to a ,z5 ma/] = in/ruction4 ,be=e we proce$ to ! next subject1 let me cite ano!r case ( e*o+4 ,hg5 ,mon-yeki 7,fa-y5 ,w5-i71 ! f\nd] ( ! ,hg5 bran* ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 fl\ri%$ e>ly 9 ! t5? c5tury4 ,he ask$ "o ( 8 disciples1 8,:at d y und]/& by ?is3 #8,let ! diff]5ce be ev5 a t5? ( an in*1 & x w gr[ z wide z heav5 & e>?'80 ,! disciple said1 8,let ! diff]5ce be ev5 a t5? ( an in*1 & x w gr[ z wide z heav5 & e>?40 ,hg5 h[ev] told him t su* an answ] w nev] d4 ,said ! disciple1 8,i _c d o!rwise2 h[ d y und]/&80 ,! ma/] at once repli$1 8,let ! diff]5ce be ev5 a t5? ( an in*1 & x w gr[ z wide z heav5 & e>?40f#abif4da ,hg5 0 a great ma/] ( repetitions1 & !re is ano!r int]e/+ in/ance4 ,aft] try+ to und]/& ! ultimate tru? ( ,z5 "u fifty-f\r ma/]s1#f4db ,toku%o 7,t-%ao1 #ijg-iga7 f9ally came to ,hg52 b tir$ ( mak+ special ef=ts to ma/] ,z51 he simply fell 9 ) ! re/ ( ! monks !re4 ,"o day :5 ! ma/] asc5d$ ! plat=m1 a monk ask$1 8,:at is "o drop ( wat] dripp+ f ! s\rce ( ,sf#acj 7,ts#8ao780 ,said ! ma/]1 8,t is "o drop ( wat] dripp+ f ! s\rce ( ,s40 ,! monk fail$ to make any?+ out ( ! repetition & /ood z if lo/2 :ile ,toku%o :o happ5$ to be by him _h = ! fir/ "t 8 spiritual eye op5$ to ! inn] mean+ ( ,z51 & all ! d\bts he _h be5 *]i%+ secretly d[n 9 8 he>t 7 ?or\ghly dissolv$4 ,he 0 altoge!r ano!r man aft] t4 ,su* cases z ?is conclusively %[ t ,z5 is n to be s\ght 9 ideas or words1 b at ! same "t !y also %[ t )\t ideas or words ,z5 _c convey itself to o!rs4 ,to grasp ! exquisite mean+ ( ,z5 z express+ itself 9 words & yet n 9 !m1 is a great art :i* is to be atta9$ only aft] s _m va9 attempts4 ,toku%o :o aft] su* an exp]i5ce f9ally came to realise ! my/]y ( ,z51 did 8 be/ lat] to give v5t to 8 view :i* he _h ga9$ "u ,hg54 ,x 0 :ile he 0 resid+ at ! ,mona/]y ( ,praj t he _h ! foll[+ 8mondo0 & s]mon4#f4dc ,:5 ,toku%o came out into ! ,hall1 a monk ask$ him1 8,i und]/& ?is 0 an anci5t wise man's say+3 ,:5 a man sees ,praj he is ti$ to x2 :5 he sees x n he is also ti$ to x4 ,n[ ,i wi% to "k h[ x is t a man see+ ,praj c\ld be ti$ to x40 ,said ! ma/]1 8,y tell me :at x is t is se5 by ,praj40 ,ask$ ! monk1 8,:5 a man sees n ,praj1 h[ c\ld he be ti$ to x80 8,y tell me10 said ! ma/]1 8if !re is any?+ t is n se5 by ,praj40 ,! ma/] !n w5t on3 8,praj se5 is no ,praj1 nor is ,praj unse5 ,praj3 h[ c\ld "o apply ! pr$icate1 se5 or unse51 to ,praj8 ,!re=e x is said ( old t :5 "o ?+ is miss+ ! ,dh>makya is n complete2 :5 "o ?+ is sup]flu\s ! ,dh>makya is n complete3 & aga9 t :5 !re is "o ?+ to be ass]t$ ! ,dh>makya is n complete2 :5 !re is no?+ to be ass]t$ ! ,dh>makya is n complete4 ,?is is inde$ ! ess5ce ( ,praj40 ,! 8repetition0 se5 9 ?is light may gr[ to be intelligible to a c]ta9 degree4 ,,vii ,z 0 expla9$ 9 ! prec$+ section1 ! pr9ciple und]ly+ ! v>i\s me?ods ( in/ruction us$ by ! ,z5 ma/]s is to awak5 a c]ta9 s5se 9 ! pupil's own consci\sness1 by means ( :i* he intuitively grasps ! tru? ( ,z54 ,!re=e1 ! ma/]s always appeal to :at we may designate 8direct action0 & are loa! to wa/e any l5g?y disc\rse on ! subject4 ,_! dialogues are always pi?y & app>5tly n controll$ by rules ( logic4 ,! 8repetitive0 me?od z 9 o!r cases conclusively demon/rates t ! s-call$ answ]+ is n to expla9 b to po9t ! way :]e ,z5 is to be intuit$4 ,to conceive ! tru? z some?+ ext]nal :i* is to be p]ceiv$ by a p]ceiv+ subject1 is duali/ic & appeals to ! intellect = its und]/&+1 b accord+ to ,z5 we are liv+ "r 9 ! tru?1 by ! tru?1 f :i* we _c be sep>at$4 ,says ,g5%a 7,hsan-%a71#f4dd 8,we are "h z if imm]s$ 9 wat] head & %\ld]s und]nea? ! great ocean1 & yet h[ pite\sly we are ext5d+ our h&s = wat]60 ,!re=e1 :5 he 0 ask$ by a monk1#f4dd 8,:at is my self80 he at once repli$1 8,:at w\ld y d ) a self80 ,:5 ?is is intellectually analys$1 he means t :5 we beg9 to talk ab\t self we imm$iately & inevitably e/abli% ! dualism ( self & n-self1 ?us fall+ into ! errors ( intellectualism4 ,we are 9 ! wat]--?is is ! fact1 & let u rema9 s1 ,z5 w\ld say1 = :5 we beg9 to beg = wat] we put ourselves 9 an ext]nal relation to x & :at has hi!rto be5 our own w be tak5 away f u4 ,! foll[+ case may be int]pret$ 9 ! same light3 ,a monk came to ,g5%a & said1#f4dd 8,i und]/& y to say ?is t ! :ole univ]se is "o transpicu\s cry/al2 h[ d ,i get at ! s5se ( x80 ,said ! ma/]1 8,! :ole univ]se is "o transpicu\s cry/al1 & :at is ! use ( und]/&+ x80 ,! day foll[+ ! ma/] himself ask$ ! monk1 8,! :ole univ]se is "o transpicu\s cry/al1 & h[ d y und]/& x80 ,! monk repli$1 8,! :ole univ]se is "o transpicu\s cry/al1 & :at is ! use ( und]/&+ x80 8,i "k10 said ! ma/]1 8t y are liv+ 9 ! cave ( demons40 ,:ile ?is looks ano!r case ( 8,repetition10 !re is some?+ diff]5t 9 x1 some?+ m ( intellection1 s to speak4 ,:atev] ?is is1 ,z5 nev] appeals to our reason+ faculty1 b po9ts directly at ! v object "o wants to h4 ,:ile ,g5%a on a c]ta9 occasion 0 treat+ an army (fic] call$ ,wei to tea1 ! latt] ask$1 8,:at does x mean :5 !y say t 9 spite ( our hav+ x ev]yday we d n "k x80 ,g5%a )\t answ]+ ! "q took up a piece ( cake & (f]$ x to him4 ,aft] eat+ ! cake1 ! (fic] ask$ ! ma/] aga91 :o !n rem>k$1 8,only we d n "k x ev5 :5 we are us+ x ev]yday40#f4dd ,?is is evid5tly an object lesson4 ,ano!r "t a monk came to him & want$ to "k h[ to ent] ^u ! pa? ( tru?4 ,g5%a ask$1 8,d y he> ! murmur+ ( ! /ream80 8,yes1 ,i d10 said ! monk4 8,!re is a way to ent]10 0 ! ma/]'s in/ruction4#f4dd ,g5%a's me?od 0 ?us to make ! seek] ( ! tru? directly realise )9 himself :at x 01 & n to make him m]ely ! possessor ( a second-h& k4 8,e9 begriff5] ,gott i/ ke9 ,gott10 decl>es ,t]/eg54 ,x is ?us no wond] t ! ,z5 ma/]s frequ5tly make an exclamatory utt]ancef#aca 9 response to que/ions1 in/ead ( giv+ an intelligible answ]4 ,:5 words are us$ if at all intelligible we may feel t we c someh[ f9d a clue to get at ! mean+1 b :5 an in>ticulate utt]ance is giv51 we are q at a loss h[ to deal ) x1 unless we are =tifi$ ) "s previ\s k su* z ,i h at "s l5g? attempt$ to give to my read]s4 ,( all ! ,z5 ma/]s :o us$ to give exclamatory utt]ance1 ! mo/ not$ ones are ,ummon & ,r9zai1 ! =m] = 8 8,kwan60 & ! latt] = 8 8,kwats60 ,at ! end ( "o summ] soj\rn ,suigan 7,ts#8ui-y57 made ! foll[+ rem>k#f4de3 8,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ?is summ] soj\rn ,i h talk$ mu*2 see if my eyebr[s are /ill !re40 ,?is ref]s to ! tradition t :5 a man makes false /atem5ts conc]n+ ! ,dh>ma ( ,buddhism he w lose all 8 hair 9 ! face4 ,z ,suigan gave _m s]mons dur+ ! summ] = ! edification ( 8 pupils1 :ile no am\nt ( talk c ev] expla9 :at ! tru? is1 8 eye-br[s & be>d might p]haps by ?is "t h altoge!r disappe>$4 ,?is1 z f> z its lit]>y mean+ is conc]n$1 is ! idea ( 8 rem>k :atev] ,z5 may be conceal$ und]nea?4 ,h(uku 7,pao-fu71 "o ( ! ma/]s1 said1 8,"o :o turns into a highwayman has a trea*]\s he>t40 ,*kei 7,*#8ang-*#8+71 ano!r ma/]1 rem>k$1 8,h[ ?ickly !y are gr[+60 ,ummon1 "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s t[>ds ! end ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y1 exclaim$1 8,kwan60 ,kwan lit]ally means ! gate on a fronti] pass :]e travell]s & _! baggage are inspect$4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 ! t]m does n mean any?+ ( ! sort1 x is simply 8,kwan60 an exclamatory utt]ance :i* does n all[ any analytical or intellectual int]pretation4 ,sec*o1 ! orig9al compil] ( ! ,hekigan1 comm5ts on ?is1 8,he is l "o :o1 besides los+ 8 money1 is incrim9at$10 :ile ,haku9 has ?is to say1 8,ev5 an angry fi/ does n /rike a smil+ face40 ,some?+ l ?is is ! only comm5t we c make on su* an utt]ance z ,ummon's4 ,:5 we try any?+ approa*+ a conceptual int]pretation on ! subject we %all be 8t5 ?\s& miles away beyond ! cl\ds10 z ! ,*9ese w\ld say4 ,:ile ,r9zai is reg>d$ z ! au?or ( 8,kwats60 7h71 we h an e>li] record ( x2 = ,baso1 successor to ,nangaku 7,nan-yeh71 & an epo*-mak] 9 ! hi/ory ( ,z51 utt]$ 8,kwats60 to 8 disciple1 ,hyakjo 7,pai-*ang71 :5 ! latt] came up to ! ma/] = a second "t to be in/ruct$ 9 ,z54 ,?is 8,kwats60 is said to h deaf5$ ,hyakujo's e> = ! foll[+ ?ree days4 ,b x 0 pr9cipally due to ,r9zai t ?is p>ticul> cry 0 mo/ effectively & sy/ematically made use ( & lat] came to be "o ( ! special features ( ! ,r9zai ,z5 9 di/9ction to ! o!r s*ools4 ,9 fact ! cry came to be s abus$ by 8 foll[]s t he _h to make ! foll[+ rem>k#f4df3 8,y are all s giv5 up to le>n+ my cry 7h71 b ,i want to ask y ?is3 ,suppose "o man comes out f ! ea/]n hall & ano!r f ! we/]n hall1 & suppose bo? give out ! #8,kwats6' simultane\sly2 & yet ,i say to y t subject & pr$icate are cle>ly disc]nible 9 ?is4 ,b h[ w y disc]n !m8 ,if y are unable to disc]n !m1 y are =bidd5 h]eaft] to imitate my cry40 ,r9zai di/+ui%es f\r k9ds ( 8,kwats60#f4dg ,! fir/ accord+ to him1 is l ! sacr$ sword ( ,vajr>ja2 ! second is l ! gold5-hair$ lion squatt+ on ! gr\nd2 ! ?ird is l ! s\nd+ rod or ! grass us$ z a decoy2 & ! f\r? is ! "o t does n at all function z a 8,kwats60 ,r9zai once ask$ 8 disciple1 ,rakuho 7,l-p#8u71#f4dh 8,"o man has be5 us+ a /ick & ano!r resort+ to ! 8,kwats60 :i* ( !m d y ?9k is ! m intimate to ! tru?8 ,answ]$ ! disciple1 8,nei!r ( !m60 8,:at is ! mo/ intimate !n80 ,rakuho cri$ out1 8,kwats60 ,:]eupon ,r9zai /ruck him4 ,?is sw++ ( a /ick 0 ! mo/ fav\rite me?od ( ,tokusan & /&s g5]ally contra/$ to ! cry+ utt]ance ( ,r9zai2 b "h ! /ick is us$ by ,r9zai & ! latt]'s speciality is tak5 up 9 a mo/ tell+ mann] by 8 disciple1 ,rakuho4 99 99 99 99 99 ,besides ^! 8skilful contrivances0 7upya-kaualya7 s f> enum]at$ "u sev5 head+s1 !re are a few m 8contrivances0 ?\gh ,i am n go+ to be v exhau/ive "h on ! subject4 ,"o ( !m is 8sil5ce40 ,vimalakrti 0 sil5t :5 ,majur ask$ him z to ! doctr9e ( non-duality1 & 8 sil5ce 0 lat] comm5t$ ^u by a ma/] z 8deaf5+ l ?und]40 ,a monk ask$ ,ba%o ,yesei 7,pa-*iao ,hui-*#8+7#f4di to %[ him ! 8orig9al face0 )\t ! aid ( any int]m$i>y conception1 & ! ma/] keep+ 8 seat rema9$ sil5t4 ,:5 ,%ifuku 7,tz-fu7#f4ej 0 ask$ z to a ^w befitt+ ! und]/&+ ( ! inquir]1 he did n utt] a ^w1 he simply kept sil5t4 ,bunki 7,wn-hsi7 ( ,ko%u 7,hang-*\7#f4ea 0 a disciple ( ,kyzan 7,yang-%an72 he 0 ask$ by a monk1 8,:at is ! self80 b he rema9$ sil5t4 ,z ! monk did n "k :at to make ( x1 he ask$ aga91 to :i* ! ma/] repli$1 8,:5 ! sky is cl\d$1 ! moon _c %9e out40 ,a monk ask$ ,sozan 7,ts#8ao-%an71#f4eb 8,h[ is ! sil5ce inexpressible to be reveal$80 8,i d n reveal x "h40 8,:]e w\ld y reveal x80 8,at midnight la/ night10 said ! ma/]1 8,i lo/ ?ree p5nies by my b$40 ,sometimes ! ma/]s sit quiet 8= "s little :ile0 7liang *iu7 ei!r 9 response to a "q or :5 9 ! pulpit4 ,?is liang-*iu does n always m]ely indicate ! passage ( "t1 z we c see 9 ! foll[+ cases3 ,a monk came to ,%uzan 7,%\-%an7 & ask$1#f4ec 8,please play me a tune on a /r+less h>p40 ,! ma/] 0 quiet = "s little :ile1 & said1 8,d y he> x80 8,no1 ,i d n he> x40 8,:y10 said ! ma/]1 8did y n ask l\d]80 ,a monk ask$ ,h(uku 7,pao-fu71#f4ed 8,i am told t :5 "o wants to "k ! pa? ( ! uncreate1 "o %\ld "k ! s\rce ( x4 ,:at is ! s\rce1 sir80 ,h(uku 0 sil5t = a :ile1 & !n ask$ 8 att5dant1 8,:at did ! monk ask me n[80 ,:5 t monk repeat$ ! "q1 ! ma/] eject$ him out1 exclaim+1 8,i am n deaf60 99 99 99 99 99 ,next1 we may m5tion ! me?od ( c\nt]-que/ion+1 :]e9 que/ions are n answ]$ by pla9 /atem5ts b by c\nt]-que/ion+s4 ,9 ,z51 g5]ally speak+1 a "q is n a "q 9 its ord9>y s5se1 t is1 x is n simply ask$ = in=mation1 & !re=e x is natural t :at ord9>ily corresponds to an answ] is n an answ] at all4 ,"s ,z5 au?ority enum]ates eighte5 diff]5t k9ds ( que/ions1 aga9/ :i* we may di/+ui% eighte5 correspond+ answ]s4 ,?us a c\nt]-"q itself is 9 its way an illum9at+ answ]4 ,a monk reque/$ ,jimyo 7,tz-m+7 to 8set =? ! idea ( ,dh>ma's com+ f ! we/10 & ! ma/] said1 8,:5 did y come80#f4ee ,:5 ,rasan ,dokan 7,lo-%an ,tao-hsi57 0 ask$1 8,:o is ! ma/] ( ! triple _w80 he said1 8,d y und]/& h[ to eat rice80#f4ef ,t5ryu 7,t#8i5-lung71 ! tea*] ( ,gutei1 0 hail$ by a monk :o ask$ him1#f4eg 8,h[ are we releas$ f ! triple _w80 ,he retort$1 8,:]e are y ?is v mom5t80 ,a monk ask$ ,j%u1 8,:at w\ld y say :5 a man is )\t an in* ( clo? on him80 8,:at did y say he has n on him80 8,an in* ( clo? on him1 sir40 8,v f9e ?is1 n to h an in* ( clo?60 respond$ ! ma/]4#f4eh ,:5 we g on l ?is1 !re may be no end to ?is way ( treat+ ! v>i\s 8contrivances0 devis$ by ! ,z5 ma/]s = ! b5efits ( _! tru?-?ir/y pupils4 ,let me conclude ?is section by quot+ two m cases 9 :i* a k9d ( reason+ 9 a circle is employ$1 b f ano!r po9t ( view we may detect "h a trace ( absolute monism 9 :i* all diff]5ces are effac$4 ,:e!r ! ,z5 ma/]s agree ) ?is view1 h[ev]1 rema9s to be se52 = :ile ! absolute id5tity ( meum et tuum is ass]t$1 facts ( individualisation are n ignor$ ei!r4 ,a monk ask$ ,daizui 7,tai-sui71#f4ei 8,:at is my pupil's ,self80 8,t is my ma/]'s ,self10 answ]$ ! ma/]4 8,h[ is x t my ,self is y\r ,self80 ,! ultimate dictum 01 8,t is y\r ,self40 ,to und]/& ?is 9 a logical fa%ion1 put 8ignorant10 or 8confus$0 or 8human0 9 place ( 8my pupil's ,self10 & 9 place ( 8y\r ma/]'s ,self0 put 8enlight5$10 or 8,buddha's1' or 8div9e10 & we may h a glimpse into :at 0 go+ on 9 ! m9d ( ,daizui4 ,b )\t 8 la/ rem>k1 8,t is y\r ,self10 ! :ole affair may resolve into a =m ( pan!i/ic philosophy4 ,9 ! case ( ,san%o ,y55 7,san-%ng ,hui-jan7 & ,kyozan ,yejaku 7,yang-%an ,hui-*i71 ! ?\ght ( ,daizui is m concretely pres5t$4 ,yejaku ask$ ,y551#f4fj 8,:at is y\r "n80 & ,y55 repli$1 8,my "n is ,yejaku40 ,yejaku prote/$1 8,yejaku is my "n40 ,!reupon said ,y551 8,my "n is ,y5510 :i* br\ght out a he>ty laugh f ,yejaku4 ,^! dialogues rem9d "o ( ! fam\s ,h9du say+1 8,tat tvam asi60 b ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & 8,my "n is ,yejaku0 is t betwe5 ,v$anta philosophy & ,z5 ,buddhism1 or t betwe5 ,indian idealism & ,*9ese realism or practicalness4 ,! latt] does n g5]alise1 nor does x speculate on a high] plane :i* has no hold on life z we live x4 ,accord+ to ! philosophy ( ! ,kegon 7,avatamsaka7 s*ool ( ,buddhism1 !re is a spiritual _w :]e "o p>ticul> object holds )9 itself all o!r p>ticul> objects m]g$1 in/ead ( all p>ticul> objects be+ absorb$ 9 ! ,great ,all4 ,?us 9 ?is _w x s happ5s t :5 y lift a bun* ( fl[]s or po9t at a piece ( brick1 ! :ole _w 9 its multitud9osity is se5 reflect$ "h4 ,if s1 ! ,z5 ma/]s may be said to be mov+ also 9 ?is my/ic realm :i* reveals its secrets at ! mom5t ( supreme enlight5m5t 7anutt>a-samyak-sabodhi74 ,,viii ,we n[ come to ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 by :i* x is di/+ui%$ n only f all ! o!r ,buddhi/ s*ools1 b f all =ms ( my/icism t are ev] kn[n to u4 ,s f> ! tru? ( ,z5 has be5 express$ ?r\gh words1 articulate or o!rwise1 h[ev] enigmatic !y may sup]ficially appe>2 b n[ ! ma/]s appeal to a m direct me?od in/ead ( v]bal m$ium4 ,9 fact1 ! tru? ( ,z5 is ! tru? ( life1 & life means to live1 to move1 to act1 n m]ely to reflect4 ,is x n ! mo/ natural ?+ = ,z51 !re=e1 t its developm5t %\ld be t[>ds act+ or r liv+ its tru? in/ead ( demon/rat+ or illu/rat+ x 9 words1 t is to say1 ) ideas8 ,9 ! actual liv+ ( life !re is no logic1 = life is sup]ior to logic4 ,we imag9e logic influ5ces life1 b 9 reality man is n a rational creature s mu* z we make him out1 ( c\rse he reasons1 b he does n act accord+ to ! result ( 8 reason+ pure & simple4 ,!re is some?+ /rong] ?an ratioc9ation4 ,we may call x impulse1 or in/9ct1 or1 m compreh5sively1 w4 ,:]e ?is w acts !re is ,z51 b if ,i am ask$ :e!r ,z5 is a philosophy ( w ,i r hesitate to give an affirmative answ]4 ,z5 is to be expla9$1 if at all expla9$ x %\ld be1 r dynamically ?an /atically4 ,:5 ,i raise ! h& ?us1 !re is ,z54 ,b :5 ,i ass]t t ,i h rais$ ! h&1 ,z5 is no m !re4 ,nor is !re any ,z5 :5 ,i assume ! exi/5ce ( some:at t may be nam$ w or any?+ else4 ,n t ! ass]tion or assumption is wrong1 b t ! ?+ kn[n z ,z5 is ?ree ?\s& miles away z !y say4 ,an ass]tion is ,z5 only :5 x is 9 itself an act & does n ref] to any?+ t is ass]t$ 9 x4 ,9 ! f+] po9t$ at ! moon !re is no ,z51 b :5 ! po9t+ f+] itself is consid]$1 altoge!r indep5d5t ( any ext]nal ref]5ces1 !re is ,z54 ,life del9eates itself on ! canvas call$ "t2 & "t nev] repeats1 once gone1 =ev] gone2 & s is an act1 once done1 x is nev] undone4 ,life is a sumiye-pa9t+1 :i* mu/ be execut$ once & = all "t & )\t hesitation1 )\t intellection1 & no corrections are p]missible or possible4 ,life is n l an oil-pa9t+ :i* c be rubb$ out & done ov] "t & aga9 until ! arti/ is satisfi$4 ,) a sumiye-pa9t+1 any bru% /roke pa9t$ ov] a second "t results 9 a smudge2 ! life has left x4 ,all corrections %[ :5 ! ink dries4 ,s is life4 ,we c nev] retract :at we h once committ$ to de$s1 nay1 :at has once pass$ ?r\gh consci\sness c nev] be rubb$ out4 ,z5 !re=e ought to be caught :ile ! ?+ is go+ on1 nei!r be=e nor aft]4 ,x is an act ( "o in/ant4 ,:5 ,dh>ma 0 leav+ ,*9a1 z ! leg5d has x1 he ask$ 8 disciples :at 0 _! und]/&+ ( ,z51 & "o ( !m :o happ5$ to be a nun1 repli$1 8,x is l n&a's look+ into ! k+dom ( ,ak%obhya ,buddha1 x is se5 once & has nev] be5 repeat$40 ,?is fleet+1 unrepeatable1 & ungraspable "* ( life is del9eat$ graphically by ,z5 ma/]s :o h comp>$ x to lightn+ or sp>k produc$ by ! p]cussion ( /ones3 1 7%an ti5 kuang1 *i %ih huo7 is ! phrase4#f4fa ,! idea ( direct me?od appeal$ to by ! ma/]s is to get hold ( ?is fleet+ life z x flees & n aft] x has fl[n4 ,:ile x is flee+1 !re is no "t to recall memory or to build ideas4 ,no reason+ avails "h4 ,language may be us$1 b ?is has be5 associat$ too long ) ideation1 & has lo/ directness or be+ by itself4 ,z soon z words are us$1 !y express mean+1 reason+2 !y repres5t some?+ n belong+ to !mselves2 !y h no direct connection ) life1 except be+ a fa9t e*o or image ( some?+ t is no long] "h4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! ma/]s (t5 avoid su* expressions or /atem5ts z are intelligible 9 any logical way4 ,_! aim is to h ! pupil's att5tion conc5trat$ 9 ! ?+ itself :i* he wi%es to grasp & n 9 any?+ t is 9 ! remote/ possible connection liable to di/urb him4 ,!re=e :5 we attempt to f9d mean+ 9 dh>anis or exclamations or a nons5sical /r+ ( s\nds tak5 z su*1 we are f> away f ! tru? ( ,z54 ,we mu/ p5etrate into ! m9d itself z ! spr+ ( life1 f :i* all ^! words are produc$4 ,! sw++ ( a /ick1 ! cry+ ( a 8,kwats60 or ! kick+ ( a ball mu/ be und]/ood 9 ?is s5se1 t is1 z ! directe/ demon/ration ( life1 no1 ev5 z life itself4 ,! direct me?od is ?us n always ! viol5t ass]tion ( life-=ce1 b a g5tle movem5t ( ! body1 ! respond+ to a call1 ! li/5+ to a murmur+ /ream1 or to a s++ bird1 or any ( our mo/ ord9>y ev]yday ass]tions ( life4 ,reiun 7,l+-yn7#f4fb 0 ask$1 8,h[ 7 ?+s be=e ! appe>ance ( ! ,buddha 9 ! _w80 ,he rais$ 8 hossu4 8,h[ 7 ?+s aft] ! appe>ance ( ! ,buddha80 ,he aga9 rais$ ! hossu4 ,?is rais+ ( ! hossu 0 q a fav\rite me?od ) _m ma/]s to demon/rate ! tru? ( ,z54 ,z ,i /at$ else:]e1 ! hossu & ! /aff 7 ! religi\s insignias ( ! ma/]1 & x 0 natural t !y w\ld be 9 mu* display :5 ! monks approa*$ ) que/ions4 ,"o day baku ,kiun 7,huang-po ,hsi-yn7#f4fc asc5d$ ! pulpit1 & z soon z monks 7 ga!r$1 ! ma/] took up 8 /aff & drove !m all out4 ,:5 !y 7 ab\t all out1 he call$ !m1 & !y turn$ _! heads back4 ,! ma/] said1 8,! moon looks l a b[1 less ra9 & m w9d40 ,! /aff 0 ?us wield$ effectively by ! ma/]s1 b :o w\ld ev] h ?\ght ( a cane be+ made an in/rum5t ( illu/rat+ ! mo/ pr(\nd tru? ( religion8 ,j%u 0 ! readie/ ma/] = pi?y retorts & 8 8,say+s0 7,goroku7 is fill$ ) !m1 b he 0 also an adept at ! direct me?od4 ,:5 he 0 9 8 pulpit "o day1 a monk came out ( ! rank & made b[s to him4 ,)\t wait+1 h[ev]1 = fur!r movem5ts on ! "p ( ! monk1 ,j%u fold$ 8 h&s & a p>t+ salutation 0 giv54 ,hyakujo ,isei's 7,pai-*ang ,wei-*ng7#f4fd way 0 some:at diff]5t4 ,he said to ! monks1 8,y op5 ! f>m = me & ,i w talk to y ab\t ! great pr9ciple ( ,z540 ,:5 ! monks f9i%$ att5d+ to ! f>m & came back to ! ma/] to disc\rse on ! great pr9ciple1 he m]ely ext5d$ 8 op5 arms & said no?+4 ,a monk came to ,y5kwan ,an1#f4fe ! ,national ,tea*]1 & want$ to "k :at 0 ! orig9al body ( ,vairo*ana ,buddha4 ,! ,tea*] told him to pass ! pit*]1 :i* he did4 ,! ,tea*] !n said1 8,put x back :]e y got x40 ,! monk fai?fully obey$1 b n be+ told :at 0 ! orig9al body ( ! ,buddha1 he propos$ ! "q once m1 8,:o is ! ,buddha80 ,answ]$ ! ma/]1 8,long gone is he60 ,9 ?is case ! direct me?od 0 practis$ m by ! monk himself "u ! direction ( ! ma/]1 b un=tunately ! pupil's spiritual condition 0 n ripe en\gh to grasp ! mean+ ( 8 own 8direct me?od10 & alas1 let g 8! old ,buddha60 ,some?+ simil> to ?is case may be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ "o3 ,sekiso 7,%ih-%uang7#f4ff ask$ ,y5*i 7,yan-*ih71#f4fg :o 0 a disciple ( ,yakusan 7,yeh-%an71 8,if "s "o aft] y\r dea? ask$ me ab\t ! ultimate fact1 :at %\ld ,i say to him80 ,! ma/] gave no answ]1 b in/ead call$ up ! boy-att5dant :o at once respond$4 ,he said1 8,fill up ! pit*]10 & rema9$ quiet = "s little :ile4 ,he n[ ask$ ,sekiso1 8,:at did y ask me be=e80 ,sekiso re-/at$ ! "q1 :]eupon ! ma/] rose f 8 seat & left ! room4 ,z "s ,z5 ma/]s rem>k$1 ,z5 is our 8ord9>y m9d$ness10 t is to say1 !re is 9 ,z5 no?+ sup]natural or unusual or highly speculative t transc5ds our ev]yday life4 ,:5 y feel sleepy1 y retire2 :5 y are hungry1 y eat1 j z mu* z ! f[ls ( ! air & ! lilies ( ! field1 tak+ 8no ?\ght = y\r life1 :at ye %all eat1 or :at ye %all dr9k2 nor yet = y\r body1 :at ye %all put on40 ,?is is ! _s ( ,z54 ,h5ce no specially didactic or dialectical in/ruction 9 ! /udy ( ,z5 except su* z is giv5 bel[ by ,dg4 ,ryutan ,s%9 7,lung-t#8an ,sui-hs97#f4fh 0 a disciple ( ,t5no ,dg 7,tao-wu74 ,he s]v$ ! ma/] z "o ( 8 p]sonal att5dants4 ,he 0 ) him = "s "t :5 "o day he said to ! ma/]3 8,s9ce ,i came to y1 ,i h n at all be5 in/ruct$ 9 ! /udy ( m9d40 ,repli$ ! ma/]1 8,ev] s9ce y came to me1 ,i h always be5 po9t+ to y h[ to /udy m9d40 8,9 :at way1 sir80 8,:5 y br\ght me a cup ( tea1 did ,i n accept x8 ,:5 y s]v$ me ) food1 did ,i n p>take ( x8 ,:5 y made b[s to me1 did ,i n return !m8 ,:5 did ,i ev] neglect 9 giv+ y in/ructions80 ,ryutan kept 8 head hang+ = "s "t1 :5 ! ma/] told him1 8,if y want to see1 see directly into x2 b :5 y try to ?9k ab\t x1 x is altoge!r miss$40 ,dg ,y5*i 7,tao-wu ,yan-*ih7 & ,ungan ,donjo 7,yn-y5 ,tan-%ng7 7 /&+ by ! ma/] ,yakusan 7,yeh-%an7 z att5dants1 :5 ,yakusan rem>k$1#f4fi 8,:]e our intellect _c rea*1 ,i v]ily tell y to avoid talk+ ab\t x2 :5 y d1 horns w gr[ on y4 ,o ,y5*i1 :at w y say to ?is80 ,y5*i !reupon rose f 8 place & left ! room4 ,ungan ask$ ! ma/]1 8,h[ is x1 sir1 t ,bro!r ,*i does n answ] y80 8,my back a*es to-day10 said ,yakusan1 8,y bett] g to ,y5*i himself1 = he und]/&s40 ,ungan came to 8 bro!r monk & inquir$ ?us1 8,o ,bro!r ,s5ior1 :y did y n answ] our ma/] n[80 8,y bett] g back to ! ma/] himself & ask10 0 all t poor ,ungan c\ld get out ( 8 s5ior bro!r4 ,!re 0 ano!r fav\rite movem5t (t5 practis$ by ,z5 ma/]s1 :i* 0 to call out to ! que/ion] or somebody else4 ,"o case ( ?is has already be5 giv5 some:]e else 9 ano!r connection4 ,! foll[+ are ! typical & classical ones4 ,*u1 ! ,national ,tea*]1 call$ out to 8 att5dant monk ?ree times1 to :i* ! latt] respond$ regul>ly4 ,said ! ,tea*]1 8,i ?\ght ,i 0 n fair to y1 b x 0 y t 7 n fair to me40f#acbf4gj ,?is call+ & respond+ took place also ?ree times betwe5 ,mayoku 7,ma-ku7 & ,ryosui 7,liang-sui71 :i* at la/ made ! latt] exclaim3 8,o ?is /upid fell[60#f4ga ,?is trick ( call+ out & respond+ 0 frequ5tly practis$ z is se5 9 ! foll[+ cases3 ,a high gov]nm5t dignit>y call$ ^u ,ungo ,doyo 7,yn-* ,tao-y+7 & ask$#f4gb3 8,i am told t ! ,_w-hon\r$ ,"o _h a secret phrase & ,mahkyapa did n keep x hidd52 :at 0 ! secret phrase80 ,! ma/] call$ out1 8,o hon\r$ (fic]60 & ! (fic] respond$4 8,d y und]/&80 dem&$ ! ma/]4 8,no1 ,rev]5d ,sir60 0 8 natural answ]4 8,if y d n und]/&1 !re is ! secret phrase3 if y und]/&1 !re is ,mahkyapa 9 full revelation40 ,haikyu 7,p#8ai-hsiu7#f4gc 0 a local gov]nor 9 ,%9an 7,hs9-an7 be=e he 0 appo9t$ a /ate-m9i/]4 ,he once visit$ a ,buddhi/ mona/]y 9 8 di/rict4 ,:ile go+ ar\nd 9 ! premises ( ! mona/]y1 he came across a f9e fresco pa9t+ & ask$ ! accompany+ prie/s ^: portrait ?is 04 8,he 0 "o ( ! high prie/s10 !y answ]$4 ,! gov]nor n[ turn$ t[>ds !m & que/ion$1 8,"h is 8 portrait1 b :]e is ! high prie/ himself80 ,!y all did n "k h[ to answ] him4 ,he !n fur!r ask$ if !re 7 any ,z5 monks ab\t "h4 ,!y repli$1 8,we h rec5tly a new com] 9 ?is mona/]y1 he does "s m5ial "w = u & looks v mu* l a ,z5 monk40 ,he 0 !n br\ght 9 ! pres5ce ( ! gov]nor :o at once spoke to him1 8,i h "o "q 9 :i* ,i wi% to be enlight5$1 b ! g5tlem5 "h grudge ! answ]4 ,may ,i ask y to give me a ^w = !m80 8,i humbly wi% y to ask10 politely reque/$ ! monk4 ,! (fic] repeat$ ! fir/ "q1 :]eupon ! monk l\dly & cle>ly call$ out1 8,o ,haikyu60 ,haikyu respond$ at once1 8,"h1 sir60 8,:]e is ! high prie/ n[80 cross-que/ion$ ! monk4 ,?is op5$ ! gov]nor's eye to ! s5se ( ! monk's c\nt]-"q1 9 :i* he c\ld n[ read ! solution ( 8 fir/ qu]y4 ,! case betwe5 ,yisan 7,wei-%an7 & ,kyzan 7,yang-%an7 0 m intellectual & to t ext5t m intelligible ?an ?is m]e call+ & respond+4 ,kyzan 0 ! *ief disciple ( ,yisan1 & "o ( ! peculi> features ( ?is s*ool 0 to demon/rate ! tru? ( ,z5 concordantly bo? by ! ma/] & disciple4 ,!y once w5t out pick+ tea-leaves4 ,! ma/] said to ,kyzan1#f4gd 8,pick+ tea-leaves all day1 ,i he> only y\r voice & d n see y\r body2 manife/ y\r orig9al body & let me see x40 ,kyzan %ook ! tea-plant4 ,said ,yisan1 8,y h only got its function1 y h n got ! sub/ance40 ,kyzan said1 8,ma/]1 h[ ) y !n80 ,! ma/] 0 quiet = a :ile :]eupon ! disciple said1 8,o ma/]1 y h got only ! sub/ance1 y h n got ! function40 8,y w be sp>$ ( my tw5ty bl[s10 conclud$ ! ma/]4 ,9 ,buddhi/ ontology ?ree conceptions are di/+ui%$1 z 0 ref]r$ to previ\sly2 sub/ance or body1 appe>ance1 & function or activity4 8,body0 or bhva corresponds to ! idea ( mass or be+1 8appe>ance0 7lak%aa7 to t ( =m1 & 8function0 7kitya7 to t ( =ce4 ,e reality is reg>d$ by ,buddhi/ philosoph]s z analysable into ^! ?ree notions4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! second conception1 8appe>ance0 is absorb$ 9 t ( 8be+10 or 8body40 ,)\t function+ no objects exi/1 b function+ _c take place )\t some?+ function+4 ,! two ideas1 accord+ to ,buddhi/ philosoph]s1 are ?us insep>able = our und]/&+ ( ! univ]se4 ,b ,yisan & ,kyzan 7 n metaphysicians & w\ld n argue on ! subject4 ,! "o %ook ! tree & ! o!r /ood /ill4 ,we _c say t !re is ,z5 9 ?is /&+ & %ak+ z we may int]pret !m philosophically1 b we may glean some?+ ( ,z5 9 _! rem>ks on 8body0 & 8function0 toge!r ) _! direct me?od4 ,s f> ! direct me?od has n be5 ( any viol5t "* z to involve a bodily injury or n]v\s %ock1 b ! ma/]s _h no qualms if !y ?\ght necess>y to %ake ! pupils r\ghly4 ,r9zai = "o 0 not$ = ! directness & incisiv5ess ( 8 deal+s2 ! po9t ( 8 sword cut ?r\gh ! he>t ( ! oppon5t4 ,! monk ,j 7,t+7#f4ge 0 "o ( 8 disciples1 & :5 he ask$ ! ma/] :at ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,buddhism 01 ,r9zai came d[n f 8 /raw *air1 & tak+ hold ( ! monk slapp$ him ) ! palm ( 8 h&1 & let him g4 ,j /ood /ill )\t kn[+ :at to make ( ! :ole proc$ure :5 a by-/&+ monk blam$ him = n b[+ to ! ma/]4 ,:ile do+ s1 ,j all ( a sudd5 awoke to ! tru? ( ,z54 ,lat]1 :5 he 0 pass+ ov] a bridge1 he happ5$ to meet a p>ty ( ?ree ,buddhi/ s*ol>s1 "o ( :om ask$ ,j1 8,! riv] ( ,z5 is deep1 & its bottom mu/ be s\nd$4 ,:at does ?is mean80 ,j1 disciple ( ,r9zai1 at once seiz$ ! que/ion] & 0 at ! po9t ( ?r[+ him ov] ! bridge1 :5 8 two fri5ds int]c$$ & ask$ ,j's m]ciful treatm5t ( ! (f5d]4 ,j releas$ ! s*ol>1 say+1 8,if n = ! int]cession ( 8 fri5ds ,i w\ld at once let him s\nd ! bottom ( ! riv] himself40 ,) ^! p ,z5 0 no joke1 no m]e play ( ideas1 x 0 on ! contr>y a mo/ s]i\s ?+ on :i* !y w\ld /ake _! lives4 ,r9zai 0 a disciple ( baku 7,huang-po71 b :ile "u ! ma/] he did n get any special in/ruction on ,z52 = :5ev] he ask$ him z to ! fundam5tal tru? ( ,buddhism1 he 0 /ruck by baku4 ,b x 0 ^! bl[s t op5$ ,r9zai's eye to ! ultimate tru? ( ,z5 & made him exclaim1 8,aft] all !re is n mu* 9 ! ,buddhism ( baku60#f4gf ,9 ,*9a & 9 ,korea :at little ( ,z5 is left mo/ly belongs to ! s*ool ( ,r9zai4 ,9 ,japan alone ! ,soto bran* is fl\ri%+ z mu* z ! ,r9zai4 ,! rig\r & vitality ( ,z5 ,buddhism t is /ill pres5t 9 ! ,r9zai s*ool ( ,japan comes f ! ?ree bl[s ( baku s m]cifully dealt out to 8 poor disciple4 ,!re is 9 fact m tru? 9 a bl[ or a kick ?an 9 ! v]bosity ( logical disc\rse4 ,at any rate ! ,z5 ma/]s 7 9 dead e>ne/ :5ev] ! demon/ration ( ,z5 0 dem&$4 ,see ! foll[+ in/ance4 ,:5 ,t-,impo 7,tng ,y9-fng7#f4gg 0 pu%+ a c>t1 he happ5$ to see 8 ma/] ,baso /ret*+ 8 legs a little too f> out 9 ! roadway4 ,he said1 8,w y please draw y\r legs 980 ,repli$ ! ma/]1 8,a ?+ once /ret*$ out w nev] be contract$40 8,if s10 said ,t1 8a ?+ once pu%$ w nev] be retract$40 ,8 c>t w5t "r ov] ! ma/]'s legs :i* 7 ?us hurt4 ,lat] ,baso w5t up to ! ,prea*+ ,hall :]e he c>ri$ an axe & said to ! monks ga!r$1 8,let ! "o :o w\nd$ ! old ma/]'s legs a:ile ago come out ( ! congregation40 ,t came =? & /ret*$ 8 neck ready to receive ! axe1 b ! ma/] in/ead ( *opp+ ! disciple's head (f1 quietly set ! axe d[n4 ,t-,impo 0 ready to give up 8 life to re-ass]t ! tru? ( 8 de$1 ?r\gh :i* ! ma/] got hurt4 ,mimicry or simulation 0 rampant ev]y:]e1 & !re=e ,baso want$ to asc]ta9 ! g5u95ess ( ,t's und]/&+ ( ,z54 ,:5 ! ?+ is at /ake1 ! ma/]s d n hesitate to sacrifice any?+4 ,9 ! case ( ,nans51 a kitt5 0 done away )3 ,kyzan broke a mirror into pieces2 a woman foll[] ( ,z5 burn$ up a :ole h\se2 & ano!r woman ?rew h] baby into a riv]4 ,?is latt] 0 an extreme case1 & p]haps ! only "o ( ! k9d ev] record$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,z54 ,z to m9or cases su* z m5tion$ above1 !y are pl5tiful & consid]$ almo/ matt]s ( c\rse ) ,z5 ma/]s4 ,,ix ,:ile ,i h n attempt$ to be v exhau/ive 9 describ+ all ! diff]5t me?ods ( demon/ration or r realisation ( ! tru? ( ,z5 resort$ to by ! ma/]s ( v>i\s s*ools1 ! /atem5ts s f> made 9 reg>d to !m1 may suffice to give u at lea/ a glimpse into "s ( ! peculi> features ( ,z5 ,buddhism4 ,:atev] explanations may be giv5 by critics or s*ol>s to ! philosophy ( ,z51 we mu/ fir/ ( all acquire a new po9t ( view ( look+ at ?+s1 :i* is altoge!r beyond our ord9>y sph]e ( consci\sness4 ,r1 ?is new viewpo9t is ga9$ :5 we rea* ! ultimate limits ( our und]/&+1 )9 :i* we ?9k we are always b\nd & unable to break ?r\gh4 ,mo/ p /op at ^! limits & are easily p]suad$ t !y _c g any fur!r4 ,b !re are "s ^: m5tal vision is able to p5etrate ?is veil ( contra/s & contradictions4 ,!y ga9 x abruptly4 ,!y beat ! wall 9 utt] despair1 & lo1 x unexpect$ly gives way & !re op5s an entirely new _w4 ,?+s hi!rto reg>d$ z prosaic & ord9>y & ev5 b9d+ are n[ arrang$ 9 q a novel s*eme4 ,! old _w ( ! s5ses has vani%$1 & some?+ entirely new has come to take its place4 ,we seem to be 9 ! same objective surr\nd+s1 b subjectively we are rejuv5at$1 we are born aga94 ,wu ,tao-tz or ,godo%i 0 "o ( ! greate/ pa9t]s ( ,*9a1 & liv$ 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,hsan-tsung1 ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y4 ,8 la/ pa9t+1 accord+ to leg5d1 0 a l&scape commission$ by ! ,emp]or = "o ( ! walls ( 8 palace4 ,! arti/ conceal$ ! complete "w ) a curta9 till ! ,emp]or's arrival1 !n draw+ x aside expos$ 8 va/ picture4 ,! ,emp]or gaz$ ) admiration on a m>vell\s sc5e3 =e/s1 & great m\nta9s1 & cl\ds 9 imm5se di/ances ( sky1 & m5 ^u ! hills1 & birds 9 flight4 8,look10 said ! pa9t]1 89 ! cave at ! foot ( ?is m\nta9 dwells a _s40 ,he clapp$ 8 h&s2 ! door at ! cave's entrance flew op54 8,! int]ior is beautiful beyond words10 he cont9u$1 8p]mit me to %[ ! way40 ,s say+ he pass$ )92 ! gate clos$ aft] him2 & be=e ! a/oni%$ ,emp]or c\ld speak or move1 all _h fad$ to :ite wall be=e 8 eyes1 ) n a trace ( ! arti/'s bru% rema9+4 ,wu ,tao-tz 0 se5 no m4 ,! arti/ has disappe>$1 & ! :ole sc5e has be5 wip$ out2 b f ?is no?+ness !re arises a new spiritual _w1 abid+ 9 :i* ! ,z5 ma/]s p]=m all k9ds ( antics1 ass]t all k9ds ( absurdities1 & yet !y are 9 p]fect accord ) ! nature ( ?+s 9 :i* a _w moves on /ripp$ ( all its falsehoods1 conv5tions1 simulations1 & intellectual obliquities4 ,unless "o gets into ?is _w ( realities1 ! tru? ( ,z5 w be et]nally a seal$ book4 ,?is is :at ,i mean by acquir+ a new po9t ( view indep5d5t ( logic & discursive und]/&+4 ,em]son expresses ! same view 9 8 own *>act]i/ic mann]3 8,=emo/ among ^! activities 7t is1 ma!matical comb9ation1 great p[] ( ab/raction1 ! transmut+s ( ! imag9ation1 ev5 v]satility1 & conc5tration71 are ! som]saults1 spells1 & resurrections1 wr\ght by ! imag9ation4 ,:5 ?is wakes1 a man seems to multiply t5 times or a ?\s& times 8 =ce4 ,x op5s ! delici\s s5se ( indet]m9ate size1 & inspires an audaci\s m5tal habit4 ,we are z ela/ic z ! gas ( gunp[d]1 & a s5t5ce 9 a book1 or a ^w dropp$ 9 conv]sation1 sets free our fancy1 & in/antly our heads are ba!d ) galaxies1 & our feet tread ! floor ( ! pit4 ,& ?is b5efit is real1 because we are entitl$ to ^! enl>gem5ts1 &1 once hav+ pass$ ! b\nds1 %all nev] aga9 be q ! mis]able p$ants we 740 ,"h is a good illu/ration ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 a 8mis]able p$ant0 & "o :o has 8pass$ ! b\nds40 ,!re 0 a monk call$ ,g5soku 7,hsan-ts7#f4gh :o 0 "o ( ! *ief (ficials ( ! mona/]y "u ! ,z5 ma/] ,hg5 7,fa-y571 ( ! e>ly t5? c5tury4 ,he nev] came to ! ma/] to make inquiries ab\t ,z52 s ! ma/] "o day ask$ him :y he did n come4 ,! *ief (ficial answ]$3 8,:5 ,i 0 "u ,seiho 7,*#8+-fng7 ,i got an idea z to ! tru? ( ,z540 8,:at is y\r und]/&+ !n80 dem&$ ! ma/]4 8,:5 ,i ask$ my ma/]1 :o 0 ! ,buddha1 he said1 ,p+-t+ ,t#8ung-ts comes = fire40 8,x is a f9e answ]10 said ,hg51 8b probably y misund]/& x4 ,let me see h[ y take ! mean+ ( x40 8,well10 expla9$ ! (ficial1 8,p+-t+ is ! god ( fire2 :5 he himself comes = fire1 x is l myself1 :o1 be+ a ,buddha f ! v beg9n+1 wants to "k :o ! ,buddha is4 ,no que/ion+ is !n ne$$ z ,i am already ! ,buddha himself40 8,!re60 exclaim$ ! ma/]1 8,j z ,i ?\ght6 ,y are completely (f40 ,soku1 ! *ief (ficial1 got highly (f5d$ because 8 view 0 n c\nt5anc$ & left ! mona/]y4 ,hg5 said1 8,if he comes back he may be sav$2 if n1 he is lo/40 ,soku aft] go+ "s di/ance reflect$ t a ma/] ( five hundr$ monks z ,hg5 0 w\ld n *ide him )\t cause1 & return$ to ! old ma/] & express$ 8 desire to be in/ruct$ 9 ,z54 ,hg5 said1 8,y ask me & ,i w answ]40 8,:o is ! ,buddha80--! "q came f ! lips ( ! n[ p5it5t monk4 8,p+-t+ ,t#8ung-tz comes = fire40 ,?is made 8 eyes op5 to ! tru? ( ,z5 q diff]5t f :at he =m]ly und]/ood ( x4 ,he 0 n[ no m a second-h& 8p$ant0 b a liv+ creative s\l4 ,i ne$ n repeat t ,z5 refuses to be expla9$ b t x is to be liv$4 ,)\t ?is1 all talk is no?+ b an idea1 woefully inane & mis]ably unsatisfactory4 ,bel[ is ano!r /ory illu/rat+ ! peculi>ity ( ,z5 und]/&+ z di/+ui%$ f our ord9>y intellectual und]/&+s :i* are bas$ on ideas & repres5tations4 ,! same phrase is repeat$ "h z 9 ! prec$+ case1 & z f> z its lit]al mean+ goes1 we h no reason to suppose its produc+ diff]5t effects on ! m9d ( ! recipi5t4 ,b z ,i said else:]e ,z5 is ! op5+ ( "o's own inn] consci\sness occasion$ by "s ext]nal incid5tal happ5+ :i* may be ( purely physical nature b may invoke "s m5tal op]ation4 ,?is op5+ is !re=e some?+1 we z outsid]s n belong+ to ! inn] life ( ! individual conc]n$1 h no means to judge be=eh&1 we "k only :5 x is op5$2 b ! ma/]s seem to "k :5 ?is op5+ is go+ to take place & h[ x is to be br\ght ab\t f _! own exp]i5ce4 ,/ud5ts ( ! psy*ology ( ,z5 w "h f9d an int]e/+ problem to inve/igate4 ,suigan ,ka%9 7,ts#8ui-y5 ,k#8-*n7#f4gi 0 a disciple ( ,zimyo 7,tz#8u-m+71 #ihf-ajdj1 :o 0 "o ( ! greate/ ,sung ma/]s & "u :om ! ,r9zai s*ool ( ,z5 0 divid$ into two bran*es1 ,woryu 7,huang-lung7 & ,yogi 7,yang-*#8i74#f4hj ,ka%9 0 q pr\d ( be+ "o ( ! disciples ( ! ma/]1 he 0 n yet really a ma/] himself1 b he ?\ght he 04 ,:5 he _h a talk ) ano!r ( ,zimyo's disciples1 he 0 f\nd out & laugh$ at4 ,:5 !y 7 hav+ a walk toge!r "o day1 !y discuss$ ,z54 ,8 fri5d pick$ up a piece ( a brok5 tile & putt+ x on a flat rock1 said1 8,if y c say a ^w at ?is juncture1 ,i w grant y\r really be+ ,zimyo's disciple40 ,ka%9 wav]$1 look$ ?is way & t1 try+ to make "s answ]4 ,8 fri5d 0 impati5t1 :o broke out1 8,hesitat+ & wav]+1 y h n yet p5etrat$ ?r\gh illusion1 y h nev] yet ev5 dreamt z to :at ! true insight ( ,z5 is40 ,ka%9 0 ?or\ghly a%am$ ( himself4 ,he at once return$ to ! ma/] :o sev]ely reproa*$ him1 say+ t he came be=e ! t]m9ation ( ! summ] session1 :i* 0 aga9/ ! regulations4 ,full ( te>s1 he expla9$ h[ he 0 tak5 to task by 8 fell[-monk & t x 0 ! reason :y he 0 "h ev5 aga9/ ! mona/]y rules4 ,! ma/] abruptly ask$ him3 8,:at is ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,buddhism80 ,repli$ ,ka%91 8,no cl\ds are ga!r+ ov] ! m\nta9 peaks1 ,& h[ s]5ely ! moon is reflect$ on ! waves60 ,! ma/]'s eyes fla%$ ) indignation1 & he ?und]$1 8,%ame on y6 ,to h su* a view = an old season$ man l y6 ,h[ c y expect to be deliv]$ f bir?-&-dea?80 ,ka%9 e>ne/ly implor$ to be in/ruct$4 ,said ! ma/]1 8,y ask me40 ,!reupon he repeat$ ! ma/]'s fir/ "q1 8,:at is ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,buddhism80 ,! ma/] ro>$1 8,no cl\ds are ga!r+ ov] ! m\nta9 peaks1 ,& h[ s]5ely ! moon is reflect$ on ! waves60 ,?is op5$ ,ka%9's eye1 & ano!r man 0 he aft] t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let me conclude ) a s]mon f ,goso 7,wu-tsu71 ( :om m5tion has already be5 made3 ,if p ask me :at ,z5 is l1 ,i w say t x is l le>n+ ! art ( burgl>y4 ,! son ( a burgl> saw 8 fa!r gr[+ old] & ?\ght1 8,if he is unable to c>ry out 8 pr(ession1 :o w be ! bread-w9n] ( ?is family1 except myself8 ,i mu/ le>n ! trade40 ,he intimat$ ! idea to 8 fa!r1 :o approv$ ( x4 ,"o night ! fa!r took ! son to a big h\se1 broke ?r\gh ! f5ce1 ent]$ ! h\se1 & op5+ "o ( ! l>ge *e/s1 told ! son to g 9 & pick out ! clo?+s4 ,z soon z he got into x1 ! lid 0 dropp$ & ! lock securely appli$4 ,! fa!r n[ came out to ! c\rty>d1 & l\dly knock+ at ! door woke up ! :ole family1 :]eas he himself quietly slipp$ away f ! =m] hole 9 ! f5ce4 ,! resid5ts got excit$ & light$ c&les1 b f\nd t ! burgl>s _h already gone4 ,! son :o rema9$ all ! "t 9 ! *e/ securely conf9$ ?\ght ( 8 cruel fa!r4 ,he 0 greatly mortifi$1 :5 a f9e idea fla%$ ^u him4 ,he made a noise :i* s\nd$ l ! gnaw+ ( a rat4 ,! family told ! maid to take a c&le & exam9e ! *e/4 ,:5 ! lid 0 unlock$1 out came ! prison]1 :o blew out ! light1 pu%$ away ! maid1 & fl$4 ,! p ran aft] him4 ,notic+ a well by ! road1 he pick$ up a l>ge /one & ?rew x into ! wat]4 ,! pursu]s all ga!r$ ar\nd ! well try+ to f9d ! burgl> dr[n+ himself 9 ! d>k hole4 ,9 ! meantime he 0 safely back 9 8 fa!r's h\se4 ,he blam$ him v mu* = 8 n>r[ escape4 ,said ! fa!r1 8,be n (f5d$1 my son4 ,j tell me h[ y got (f40 ,:5 ! son told him all ab\t 8 adv5tures1 ! fa!r rem>k$1 8,!re y are1 y h le>n$ ! art60 ,,! ,,m$itation ,,hall1 ,,& ,,! ,,ideals ,,( ,,! ,,monki% ,,discipl9e ,,! ,,m$itation ,,hall1 ,,& ,,! ,,ideals ,,( ,,! ,,monki% ,,discipl9e ,i4 ,to get a glimpse into ! practical & discipl9>y side ( ,z51 we h to /udy ! in/itution kn[n z ! ,m$itation ,hall4 ,x is an educational sy/em q peculi> to ! ,z5 sect4 ,mo/ ( ! ma9 mona/]ies belong+ to ?is sect are provid$ ) ,m$itation ,halls1 & 9 ! life ( ! ,z5 monk m ?an any:]e else we are rem9d$ ( t ( ! ,buddhi/ ,bro!rhood 7,sagha7 9 ,india4 ,?is sy/em 0 f\nd$ by ! ,*9ese ,z5 ,ma/]1 ,hyakujo 7,pai-*ang1 #gbj-had71 m ?an "o ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,until 8 "t ! monks us$ to live 9 mona/]ies belong+ to ! ,v9aya sect1 :i* 7 gov]n$ by a _s n q 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( ,z54 ,z ! latt] grew m & m fl\ri%+ & its foll[]s kept on increas+ 9 numb] & 9 influ5ce1 !re 0 ne$ = its own in/itution1 exclusively devot$ to ! promotion ( its objects4 ,accord+ to ,hyakujo1 ! ,z5 mona/]ies 7 to be nei!r ,h9ayani/ic nor ,mahayani/ic1 b !y 7 to unite ! discipl9>y me?ods ( bo? s*ools 9 a new & orig9al mann]1 be/ suit$ to ! realisation ( ! ,z5 ideals1 z !y 7 conceiv$ by ! ma/]s ( ! e>li] days4 ,! orig9al book compil$ by ,hyakujo giv+ detail$ regulations ( ! ,z5 mona/]y 0 lo/4 ,! "o we h n[ 0 compil$ dur+ ! ,yan dyna/y f ! actual life 9 ! mona/]y at ! "t1 :i* 0 !n suppos$ to be a fai?ful cont9uation ( ! old in/itution ?\gh naturally ) "s modifications & trans=mations due to hi/orical exig5cies4 ,?is book 0 compil$ "u ! auspices ( ! reign+ ,emp]or ,%uu1 & is kn[n z 8,! ,imp]ial ,edition ( ! ,regulations 9 ! ,z5 ,mona/]y40#g4a ,9 ,japan ! ,z5 mona/]ies h nev] be5 e/abli%$ on su* a gr& scale z 9 ,*9a1 & z ! result all ! regulations z detail$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,edition 7 n practis$4 ,b _! _s & all t 0 applicable to ,japanese life & conditions 7 adopt$4 ,! ideals ( ,z5 life 7 nev] lo/ sight ( any:]e4 ,& be=e ,i proce$ fur!r ,i wi% to speak briefly ( "o ( su* ideals set be=e ! eyes ( all ,z5 /ud5ts1 = x is really ! mo/ important & notewor?y feature 9 ! mona/]y life ( ,z54 ,x is inde$ ?is t di/+ui%es ,z5 f ! o!r ,buddhi/ s*ools orig9at$ 9 ,*9a1 & is to be consid]$ mo/ *>act]i/ically ,z5 & at ! same "t animat+ its long hi/ory4 ,by ?is ,i mean ! notion ( "w or s]vice4 ,hyakujo left a fam\s say+ :i* 0 ! guid+ pr9ciple ( 8 life & is pre-em95tly ! _s ( ! ,m$itation ,hall4 ,x is ?is3 8,no "w1 no eat+40 ,:5 he 0 ?\ght by 8 devot$ disciples too old to "w 9 ! g>d51 :i* 0 8 daily occupation besides lectur+ & educat+ ! monks 9 ,z51 !y hid all 8 g>d5 implem5ts1 z he w\ld n li/5 to _! repeat$ oral remon/rances4 ,he !n refus$ to eat1 say+1 8,no "w1 no eat+40 ,at all ! ,m$itation ,halls "w is ?us consid]$ a vital elem5t 9 ! life ( a monk4 ,x is altoge!r a practical "o & *iefly consi/s 9 manual lab\r1 su* z sweep+1 clean+1 cook+1 fuel-ga!r+1 till+ ! f>m1 or go+ ab\t begg+ 9 ! villages f> & ne>4 ,no "w is consid]$ b5ea? _! dignity1 & a p]fect feel+ ( bro!rhood & democracy prevails among !m4 ,h[ h>d1 or h[ mean f ! ord9>y po9t ( view a "w may be1 !y w n %un x4 ,!y believe 9 ! sanctity ( manual lab\r4 ,!y keep !mselves busy 9 e way !y c2 !y are no idl]s z "s ( ! s-call$ monks or m5dicants are1 physically at lea/1 z 9 ,india = in/ance4 ,we c see 9 ?is sanctification ( "w ! practical attitude ( ! ,*9ese m9d well reflect$4 ,:5 ,i said t ,z5 0 ! ,*9ese int]pretation ( ! doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t1 ! ,z5 conception ( "w did n ess5tially or !oretically ent] into my conclusion4 ,b f ! practical po9t ( view "w is su* an integral "p ( ! ,z5 life n[ t ! "o _c be conceiv$ z indep5d5t ( ! o!r4 ,9 ,india ! monks are m5dicants2 :5 !y m$itate !y retire into a quiet corn] f worldly c>es2 & inasmu* z !y are support$ economically by _! secul> devotees1 !y d n propose to "w 9 any m5ial employm5t su* z ,*9ese & ,japanese ,z5 monks are us$ to4 ,:at sav$ ,z5 ,buddhism f det]iorat+ into quietism or m]e intellectual gymna/ics1 :i* 0 m or less ! fate befall+ o!r s*ools ( ,buddhism1 0 surely due to ! gospel ( "w4 ,ap>t f its psy*ological value1 x prov$ an effici5t ag5cy 9 pres]v+ ! heal? & sanity ( ,z5 ,buddhism ?r\gh\t its long hi/ory ( gr[?4 ,:atev] may be ?is hi/orical importance ( "w1 ,hyakujo mu/ h _h a pr(\nd k ( human psy*ology :5 he made "w ! rul+ _s ( ! mona/]y life4 ,8 idea ( 8,no "w1 no eat+0f#accg4b did n necess>ily orig9ate f an economic or e?ical valuation ( life4 ,8 sole motive 0 n t nobody des]v$ 8 daily bread if he did n e>n x ) ! sweat ( 8 face4 ,true1 !re is a virtue 9 n eat+ ! bread ( idl5ess1 & !re h be5 s _m ,buddhi/s s9ce ! e>ly days ( ,buddhism1 :o ?\ght x a mo/ disgraceful ?+ to be liv+ on o!rs' e>n+s & sav+s1 ,hyakujo's object1 :ile x might h be5 unconsci\sly conceiv$1 0 m psy*ological 9 spite ( 8 op5 decl>ation1 8,no "w1 no eat+40 ,x 0 to save 8 monks f a m5tal inactivity or an unbalanc$ developm5t ( m9d :i* too (t5 results f ! m$itative habit ( ! monki% life4 ,:5 ! muscles are n ex]cis$ = ! execution ( spiritual tru?s1 or :5 ! m9d & body is n put to practical te/1 ! sev]ance g5]ally issues 9 inimical results4 ,z ! philosophy ( ,z5 is to transc5d ! duali/ic conception ( fle% & _s1 its practical application w naturally be1 duali/ically speak+1 to make ! n]ves & muscles ! mo/ ready & absolutely ob$i5t s]vants ( ! m9d1 & n to make u say t ! _s is truly ready b ! fle% is weak4 ,:atev] religi\s tru?s ( ?is latt] /atem5t1 psy*ologically x comes f ! lack ( a ready *annel betwe5 m9d & muscles4 ,unless ! h&s are habitually tra9$ to d ! "w ( ! bra91 ! blood ceases to circulate ev5ly all ov] ! body1 x gr[s conge/$ some:]e1 especially 9 ! bra94 ,! result w be n only an uns\nd condition ( ! body 9 g5]al b a /ate ( m5tal torpidity or dr[s9ess1 9 :i* ideas are pres5t$ z if !y 7 waft+ cl\ds4 ,"o is wide awake & yet ! m9d is fill$ ) ! wilde/ dreams & visions :i* are n at all relat$ to realities ( life4 ,fantasies are fatal to ,z51 & ^? :o practise ,z5 consid]+ x a =m ( m$itation are too apt to be visit$ ^u by ?is insidi\s enemy4 ,hyakujo's insi/5ce ^u manual "w has sav$ ,z5 f fall+ into ! pitfalls ( ant9omianism z well z a halluc9atory mode ( m9d4 ,ap>t f ^! psy*ological consid]ations1 !re is a moral reason :i* ought n to escape att5tion 9 our e/imate ( ,hyakujo's wisdom 9 in/itut+ "w z a vital "p ( ,z5 life4 ,= ! s\ndness ( ideas mu/ be te/$ f9ally by _! practical application4 ,:5 !y fail 9 ?is1 t is1 :5 !y _c be c>ri$ out 9 ev]yday life produc+ la/+ h>mony & satisfaction & giv+ real b5efic5ce to all conc]n$1--to oneself z well z to o!rs1 no ideas c be said to be s\nd & practical4 ,:ile physical =ce is no /&>d to judge ! value ( ideas1 ! latt]1 h[ev] logically consi/5t1 h no reality :5 !y are n jo9$ to life4 ,especially 9 ,z5 ab/ract ideas t d n conv9ce "o 9 practical liv+ are ( no value :atev]4 ,conviction mu/ be ga9$ ?r\gh exp]i5ce & n ?r\gh ab/raction1 :i* means t conviction has no really solid basis except :5 x c be te/$ 9 our act+ effici5t life4 ,moral ass]tion or 8be>+ witness0 ought to be ov] & above an intellectual judgm5t1 t is to say1 ! tru? mu/ be ! product ( ones' liv+ exp]i5ces4 ,an idle rev]ie is n _! bus9ess1 ! ,z5 foll[]s w insi/4 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 sit quiet & practise 8zaz50f#acdg4c2 = !y want to reflect on :atev] lessons !y h ga9$ :ile work+4 ,b z !y are aga9/ *ew+ ! cud all ! "t1 !y put 9 action :atev] reflections !y h made dur+ h\rs ( quiet-sitt+ & te/ _! validity 9 ! vital field ( practicality4 ,x is my /rong conviction t if ,z5 did n put fai? 9 act+ its ideas1 ! in/itution w\ld h long be=e ?is sunk into a m]e somnif]\s & trance-induc+ sy/em1 s t all ! treasure ?\ghtfully ho>d$ by ! ma/]s 9 ,*9a & ,japan w\ld h be5 ca/ away z heaps ( rott5 /uff4 ,p]haps unwitt+ly support$ by ^! reasons1 ! value ( "w or s]vice has be5 reg>d$ by all ,z5 foll[]s z "o ( _! religi\s ideals4 ,no d\bt ! idea 0 greatly en=c$ by ! *>act]i/ic indu/ry & practicalness ( ! ,*9ese p by :om ,z5 0 ma9ly elaborat$4 ,! fact is t if !re is any "o ?+ t is mo/ emphatically insi/$ ^u by ! ,z5 ma/]s z ! practical expression ( _! fai?1 x is s]v+ o!rs1 do+ "w = o!rs1 n o/5tati\sly inde$ b secretly1 )\t mak+ o!rs "k ( x4 ,says ,eckh>t1 8,:at a man takes 9 by contemplation he mu/ p\r out 9 love40 ,z5 w\ld say1 8p\r x out 9 "w10 mean+ by "w ! active & concrete realisation ( love4 ,taul] made sp9n+ & %oe-mak+ & o!r homely duties gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 ,bro!r ,lawr5ce made cook+ sacram5tal2 ,george ,h]b]t wrote3 8,:o sweeps a room z to ?y laws ,makes t & ! action f9e40 ,^! are all expressive ( ! _s ( ,z51 z f> z its practical side is conc]n$4 ,my/ics are ?us all practical m51 !y are f> f be+ vision>ies ^: s\ls are too absorb$ 9 ?+s une>?ly or ( ! o!r-_w to be conc]n$ ) _! daily life4 ,! common notion t my/ics are dream]s & />-gaz]s ought to be correct$1 z x has no f\ndation 9 facts4 ,inde$1 psy*ologically1 !re is a mo/ intimate & pr(\nd relation%ip betwe5 a practical turn ( m9d & a c]ta9 type ( my/icism2 ! relation%ip is n m]ely conceptual or metaphysical4 ,if my/icism is true1 its tru? mu/ be a practical "o v]ify+ itself 9 e act ( ours1 &1 mo/ decid$ly1 n a logical "o1 to be true only 9 our dialectics4 ,s+s a ,z5 poet kn[n z ,h-kji3f#aceg4d 8,h[ wondr\sly sup]natural1 ,& h[ miracul\s1 ?is6 ,i draw wat]1 & ,i c>ry fuel60#g4e ,,ii ,! ,m$itation ,hall#g4f 7,z5do 9 ,japanese & ,*#8an ,t#8ang 9 ,*9ese71 z x is built 9 ,japan1 is g5]ally a rectangul> build+ ( v>i\s size accord+ to ! numb] ( monks to be accommodat$4 ,"o at ,engakuji1f#acf ,kamakura1 0 ab\t #cf feet by #fe feet4 ,! floors ab\t eight feet wide & ?ree feet high are rais$ along ! long] sides ( ! build+1 & an empty space is left 9 ! middle ?r\gh\t ! entire l5g? ( ! ,hall4 ,?is space is us$ = practis+ an ex]cise kn[n z 8k9h90#g4g 7*+-hs+7 :i* means lit]ally 8sutra-walk+40 ,! space allott$ to ea* monk on ! tatami floor does n exce$ "o mat1 ?ree by six feet1 :]e he sits1 m$itates1 & sleeps at night4 ,! b$d+ = ea* is nev] m ?an "o l>ge wadd$ quilt1 summ] or w9t]4 ,he has no regul> pill[ except t :i* is tempor>ily made up by himself out ( 8 own private possessions4 ,^! latt]1 h[ev]1 are next to no?+3 = !y are kesa 7ka%ya 9 ,sanskrit7 & koromo 7prie/ly robe71 a few books1 a razor1 & a set ( b[ls1 all ( :i* are put up 9 a box ab\t ?ree by t5 by ?ree & a half in*es l>ge4 ,9 travell+ ?is box is c>ri$ 9 front support$ ) a sa% ab\t ! neck4 ,! entire prop]ty ?us moves ) ! own]4 8,"o dress & "o b[l1 "u a tree & on a /one10#g4h 0 ! graphical description ( ! monki% life 9 ,india4 ,comp>$ ) ?is1 ! mod]n ,z5 monk mu/ be said to be abundantly suppli$4 ,/ill 8 wants are r$uc$ to a m9imum & no "o c fail to lead a simple1 p]haps ! simple/1 life if he models 8 aft] t ( ! ,z5 monk4 ,! desire to possess is consid]$ by ,buddhism to be "o ( ! wor/ passions mortals are apt to be obsess$ )4 ,:at 9 fact causes s mu* mis]y 9 ! _w is due to a /rong impulse ( acquisitiv5ess4 ,z p[] is desir$1 ! /rong always tyrannise ov] ! weak3 z weal? is covet$1 ! ri* & poor are always cross+ _! swords ( bitt] enmity4 ,int]national w>s rage1 social unre/ ev] goes on1 unless ! impulse to h & hold is completely uproot$4 ,_c a society be reorganis$ ^u an entirely diff]5t basis f :at we h be5 us$ to see f ! beg9n+ ( hi/ory8 ,_c we ev] hope to /op ! amass+ ( weal? & ! wield+ ( p[] m]ely f ! desire = individual or national aggr&isem5t8 ,despair+ ( ! utt] irrationality ( human affairs1 ! ,buddhi/ monks h gone to ! o!r extreme & cut !mselves (f ev5 f reasonable & p]fectly innoc5t enjoym5ts ( life4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,z5 ideal ( putt+ up ! monk's belong+s 9 a t9y box a little l>g] ?an a foot squ>e & ?ree in*es high1 is _! mute prote/1 ?\gh s f> ineffective1 aga9/ ! pres5t ord] ( society4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is connection x w be ( int]e/ to read ! admonition left by ,daito ! ,national ,tea*] 7#abhb-accg71g4i to 8 disciples4 ,he 0 ! f\nd] ( ,daitokuji1 ,kyoto1 9 #acbf1 & is said to h sp5t ab\t "o-?ird ( 8 life :i* 0 n a v long "o1 among ! l[e/ lay]s ( society "u ! ,gojo bridge1 begg+ 8 food1 do+ all k9ds ( m5ial "w1 & despis$ by ! s-call$ respectable p ( ! _w4 ,he did n c>e = ! magnific5ce ( a prosp]\s & highly-hon\r$ temple life l$ by mo/ ,buddhi/ prie/s ( ^? days1 nor did he ?9k mu* ( ^? pi\s & sanctimoni\s de$s t only te/ify to ! sup]ficiality ( _! religi\s life4 ,he 0 = ! pla9e/ liv+ & ! highe/ ?9k+4 ,! admonition reads3 8,o y1 monks1 :o are "h 9 ?is m\nta9 mona/]y1 rememb] t y are ga!r$ = ! sake ( ! religion & n = ! sake ( clo!s & food4 ,z long z we h %\ld]s t is1 ! body1 we h to we> clo!s1 & z long z we h a m\?1 we h to eat2 b be ev] m9dful1 ?r\gh\t ! twelve h\rs ( ! day1 to apply y\rselves to ! /udy ( ! ,un?9kable4 ,"t passes l an arr[1 nev] let y\r m9ds be di/urb$ by worldly c>es4 ,ev]1 ev] be on ! look-out4 ,aft] my w&]+ away1 "s ( y may h f9e temples 9 prosp]\s conditions1 t[]s & halls & holy books all decorat$ 9 gold & silv]1 & devotees may noisily cr[d into ! gr\nds2 "s may pass h\rs 9 read+ ! ,sutras & recit+ dh>anis1 & sitt+ long 9 contemplation1 may n give !mselves up to sleep2 !y may1 eat+ once a day & obs]v+ ! fa/days1 &1 ?r\gh\t ! six p]iods ( ! day1 practise all ! religi\s de$s4 ,ev5 :5 !y are ?us devot$ to ! cause1 if _! ?\ghts are n really dwell+ on ! my/]i\s & intransmissible ,way ( ! ,buddhas & ,fa!rs1 !y may yet come to ignore ! law ( moral causation1 end+ 9 a complete d[nfall ( ! true religion4 ,su* all belong to ! family ( evil spirits2 h[ev] long my dep>ture f ! _w may be1 !y are n to be call$ my desc5dants4 ,let h[ev] !re be j "o individual1 :o may be liv+ 9 ! wild]ness 9 a hut ?at*$ ) "o bundle ( /raw & pass+ 8 days by eat+ ! roots ( wild vegetables cook$ 9 a pot ) brok5 legs2 b if he s+le-m9d$ly applies himself to ! /udy ( 8 own spiritual affairs1 he is ! v "o :o has a daily int]view ) me & kn[s to be grateful = 8 life4 ,:o %\ld ev] despise su* a "o8 ,o monks1 be dilig5t1 be dilig5t40f#acg ,9 ,india1 ! ,buddhi/ monks nev] eat 9 ! aft]noon4 ,!y prop]ly eat only once a day z _! breakfa/ is no breakfa/ 9 ! s5se t an ,engli% or ,am]ican breakfa/ is4 ,s1 ! ,z5 monks too are n suppos$ to h any meal 9 ! ev5+4 ,b ! climatic necessity 9 ,*9a & ,japan c\ld n be ignor$1 & !y h an ev5+ meal aft] a fa%ion2 b to ease _! consci5ce x is call$ 8m$ic9al food0 7yeh-%ih74#g4aj ,! breakfa/ :i* is tak5 v e>ly 9 ! morn+ :ile x is /ill d>k1 consi/s ( rice gruel & pickl$ vegetables 7tsukemono74 ,! pr9cipal meal at #aj a4m4 is rice 7or rice mix$ ) b>ley71 vegetable s\p1 & pickles4 ,9 ! aft]noon1 at f\r1 !y h only :at is left ( ! d9n]--no special cook+ is done4 ,unless !y are invit$ out or giv5 an extra treatm5t at ! h\se ( "s g5]\s patrons1 _! meals are su* z above describ$1 ye> 9 ye> out4 ,pov]ty & simplicity is _! motto4 ,"o ought n1 h[ev]1 to consid] asceticism ! ideal life ( ,z54 ,z f> z ! ultimate signification ( ,z5 is conc]n$1 x is nei!r asceticism nor any o!r e?ical sy/em4 ,if x appe>s to advocate ei!r ! doctr9e ( suppression or t ( deta*m5t1 ! suppos$ fact is m]ely on ! surface2 = ,z5 z a s*ool ( ,buddhism m or less inh]its ! odium ( a ,h9du discipl9e4 ,! c5tral idea1 h[ev]1 ( ! monki% life is n to wa/e1 b to make ! be/ possible use ( ?+s z !y are giv5 u1 :i* is also ! _s ( ,buddhism 9 g5]al4 ,9 tru?1 ! intellect1 imag9ation1 & all o!r m5tal faculties z well z ! physical objects surr\nd+ u1 our own bodies n except$1 are giv5 u = ! unfold+ & enhanc+ ( ! highe/ p[]s possess$ by u z spiritual entities & n m]ely = ! gratification ( our individual :ims or desires1 :i* are sure to conflict ) & injure ! int]e/s & rights ass]t$ by o!rs4 ,^! are "s ( ! inn] ideas und]ly+ ! simplicity & pov]ty ( ! monki% life4 ,,iii ,z !re is some?+ to be reg>d$ z peculi>ly ,z5 9 ! table mann]s ( ! monks1 "s description ( !m w be giv5 "h4 ,at meal times a gong is /ruck1 & ! monks come out ( ! ,m$itation ,hall 9 procession c>ry+ _! own b[ls to ! d9+ room4 ,! l[ tables are laid !re all b>e4 ,!y sit :5 ! lead] r+s ! bell4 ,! b[ls are set1--:i* by ! way are made ( wood or pap] & well lacqu]$4 ,a set consi/s ( f\r or five di%es1 "o inside ! o!r4 ,z !y are arrang+ ! di%es & ! wait+ monks g ar\nd to s]ve ! s\p & rice1 ! ,praj-pramit-hidaya-straf#ach is recit$ foll[$ by ! 8,five ,m$itations0 on eat+1 :i* are3 8,fir/1 ( :at wor? am ,i8 ,:5ce is ?is (f]+8 ,secondly1 accept+ ?is (f]+1 ,i mu/ reflect on ! defici5cy ( my virtue4 ,?irdly1 to gu>d ov] my own he>t1 to keep myself away f faults su* z covet\sness1 etc41--?is is ! ess5tial ?+4 ,f\r?ly1 ?is food is tak5 z good m$ic9e 9 ord] to keep ! body 9 a heal?y condition4 ,fif?ly1 to ensure spiritual atta9m5t ?is food is accept$40 ,aft] ^! 8,m$itations10 !y cont9ue to ?9k ab\t ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism3 8,! fir/ m\?ful is to cut (f all evils2 ! second m\?ful is to practise e good2 ! ?ird m\?ful is to save all s5ti5t be+s s t ev]ybody w f9ally atta9 to ,buddhahood40 ,!y are n[ ready to take up _! *op-/icks1 b be=e !y actually p>take ( ! sumptu\s d9n]1 ! demons or spirits liv+ some:]e 9 ! triple _w are rememb]$2 & ea* monk tak+ out ab\t sev5 gra9s f 8 own b[l1 (f]s !m to ^? unse51 say+1 8,o y1 demons & o!r spiritual be+s1 ,i n[ (f] ?is to y1 & may ?is food fill up ! t5 qu>t]s ( ! _w & all ! demons & o!r spiritual be+s be f$ !re)40 ,:ile eat+ quietude prevails4 ,! di%es are h&l$ noiselessly1 no ^w is utt]$1 no conv]sation goes on4 ,eat+ is a s]i\s affair ) !m4 ,:5 a second b[l ( rice is want$1 ! monk folds 8 h&s be=e him4 ,! monk-wait] notices x1 comes r\nd ) ! rice-receptacle call$ oha*i1 & sits be=e ! hungry "o4 ,! latt] takes up 8 b[l & lightly passes 8 h& ar\nd ! bottom be=e x is h&$ to ! wait]4 ,he means by ?is to take (f :atev] dirt t may h atta*$ itself to ! b[l & t is likely to soil ! h& ( ! s]v+ monk4 ,:ile ! b[l is fill$1 ! eat] keeps 8 h&s fold$4 ,if he does n want s mu*1 he g5tly rubs ! h&s aga9/ ea* o!r1 :i* means 8,en\gh1 ?ank y40 ,no?+ is to be left :5 ! meal is f9i%$4 ,! monks eat up all t is s]v$ !m1 8ga!r+ up ( ! fragm5ts t rema940 ,?is is _! religion4 ,aft] a f\r? help+ ( rice1 ! meal g5]ally comes to an end4 ,! lead] claps ! wood5 blocks & ! s]v+ monks br+ hot wat]4 ,ea* d9] fills ! l>ge/ b[l ) x1 & 9 x all ! small] di%es are neatly wa%$1 & wip$ ) a piece ( clo? :i* ea* monk c>ries4 ,n[ a wood5 pail goes ar\nd to receive ! slops4f#aci ,ea* monk ga!rs up 8 di%es & wraps !m up once m1 say+1 8,i h n[ f9i%$ eat+1 & my physical body is well n\ri%$3 ,i feel z if my w-p[] w\ld %ake ! t5 qu>t]s ( ! _w & dom9ate ov] ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future3 turn+ bo? ! cause & ! effect ov] to ! g5]al welf>e ( all be+s1 may we all unfail+ly ga9 9 p[]s miracul\s60 ,! tables are n[ empty z be=e except ^? rice gra9s (f]$ to ! spiritual be+s at ! beg9n+ ( ! meal4 ,! wood5 blocks are clapp$1 ?anks are giv51 & ! monks leave ! room 9 ord]ly procession z !y came 94 ,,iv ,_! indu/ry is prov]bial4 ,:5 ! day is n set = /udy at home1 !y are g5]ally se51 soon aft] breakfa/1 ab\t half pa/ five 9 summ] & ab\t half pa/ six 9 w9t]1 out 9 ! mona/]y gr\nds1 or 9 ! neighb\r+ villages = begg+1 or till+ ! f>m atta*$ to ! ,z5do4 ,!y keep ! mona/]y1 inside z well z outside1 9 p]fect ord]4 ,:5 we sometimes say1 8,?is is l a ,z5 mona/]y10 x means t ! place is kept 9 ! neate/ possible ord]4 ,:5 begg+ !y g miles away4 ,commonly1 atta*$ to a ,z5do !re are "s patrons ^: h\ses ! monks regul>ly visit & get a supply ( rice or vegetables4 ,we (t5 see !m along ! c\ntry road pull+ a c>t load$ ) pumpk9s or potatoes4 ,!y "w z h>d z ord9>y lab\r]s4 ,!y sometimes g to ! woods to ga!r k9dl+s or fuel4 ,!y "k some?+ ( agriculture too4 ,z !y h to support !mselves 9 ^! ways1 !y are at once f>m]s1 lab\r]s1 & skill$ workm54 ,= !y (t5 build _! own ,m$itation ,hall "u ! direction ( an ar*itect4 ,^! monks are a self-gov]n+ body4 ,!y h _! own cooks1 proctors1 manag]s1 sextons1 ma/]s ( c]emony1 etc4 ,9 ! days ( ,hyakujo !re seem to h be5 t5 su* (fices1 ?\gh ! details are n n[ kn[n due to ! loss ( 8 ,regulations4 ,:ile ! ma/] or tea*] ( a ,z5do is its s\l1 he is n directly conc]n$ ) its gov]nm5t4 ,?is is left to ! s5ior memb]s ( ! community1 ^: "* has be5 te/$ ?r\gh _m ye>s ( discipl9e4 ,:5 ! pr9ciples ( ,z5 are discuss$1 "o may m>vel at _! deep & subtle metaphysics1 if !re is any1 & imag9e :at a s]i\s1 pale-fac$1 head-droop+1 & _w-=gett+ gr\p ( ?9k]s ^! monks are4 ,b 9 _! actual life !y are aft] all common mortals engag$ 9 m5ial "w1 b !y are *e]ful1 crack+ jokes1 will+ to help "o ano!r1 & despis+ no "w :i* is usually consid]$ l[ & n wor?y ( an educat$ h&4 ,! _s ( ,hyakujo is ev] manife/ among !m4 ,x 0 n only ! monks t work$ b ! ma/] himself %>$ _! lab\r4 ,?is 0 accord+ to ,hyakujo to co-op]ate 9 & equalise ! "w among all conc]n$ )\t di/9ction ( rank4#g4aa ,!re=e1 ! ma/] toge!r ) 8 disciples till$ ! f>m1 plant$ trees1 we$$ ! g>d51 pick$ tea-leaves1 & 0 engag$ 9 all o!r k9ds ( manual "w4 ,mak+ use ( su* opportunities he gave !m practical lessons 9 ! /udy ( ,z51 & ! disciples too did n fail to appreciate 8 in/ructions4 ,:5 ,j%u 0 sweep+ ! c\rty>d1 a monk ask$ him1 8,h[ does a speck ( du/ come into ?is holy gr\nd80 ,to ?is ,j%u answ]$1 8,"h comes ano!r60 ,on ano!r occasion1 :5 ! ma/] 0 f\nd aga9 sweep+ ! gr\nd1 ,liu1 m9i/] ( /ate1 paid a visit to ! temple1 & said to ! ma/]-g>d5]1 8,h[ is x t a great wise man l y has to sweep (f ! du/80 8,x comes f ! outside10f#adjg4ab repli$ ,j%u4 ,:5 ,nans5 0 work+ out-doors ) 8 monks1#g4ac ,j%u :o 0 told to wat* ov] a fire sudd5ly cri$ out1 8,fire6 ,fire60 ,! al>m made all ! monks ru% back to ! dormitory hall4 ,see+ ?is1 ,j%u clos$ ! gate & decl>$1 8,if y c\ld say a ^w1 ! doors w\ld be op5$40 ,! monks did n "k :at to say4 ,nans51 ! ma/]1 h[ev]1 ?rew ! key into ! hall ?r\gh a w9d[4 ,!reupon1 ,j%u flung op5 ! gate4 ,:ile work+ on ! f>m a monk happ5$ to cut an e>?-worm 9 twa9 ) 8 spade :]eupon he ask$ ! ma/] ,*sa 7,*ang-%a ,*#8n71 8,! e>?-worm is#g4ad cut 9 twa9 & bo? p>ts are /ill wriggl+3 9 :i* ( !m is ! ,buddha-nature pres5t80 ,! ma/] said1 8,h no illusion60 ,b ! monk insi/$1 8,i _c help ?is wriggl+1 sir40 8,don't y see t fire & air elem5ts h n yet be5 disp]s$80 ,:5 ,%iko 7,tz-hu7 & ,%k 7,%ng-kuang7#g4ae 7 out g>d5+1 a simil> ?+ happ5$1 & ,%k ask$ ! ma/] conc]n+ ! real life ( ! e>?worm4 ,)\t answ]+ him1 ! ma/] took up ! rake1 fir/ /ruck ! "o end ( ! worm1 !n ! o!r1 & f9ally ! space betwe5 ! two4 ,he !n ?rew d[n ! rake & w5t away4 ,"o day baku 0 we$+ ) a hoe1 & see+ ,r9zai )\t "o ask$1 8,h[ is x t y d n c>ry any hoe80 ,answ]$ ,r9zai1 8,somebody has c>ri$ x away1 sir40 ,!reupon1 baku told him to come =w>d z he want$ to discuss ! matt] ) him4 ,r9zai /epp$ =w>d4 ,said baku1 lift+ 8 hoe1 8,only ?is1 b all ! _w's unable to hold x up40 ,r9zai took ! hoe away f ! ma/]1 & lift$ x up1 say+1 8,h[ is x t x is n[ 9 my own h&s80 baku rem>k$1 8,"h is a man do+ a great piece ( "w to-day60 ,he !n return$ to 8 own room4#g4af ,ano!r day1 obs]v+ ,r9zai re/+ on a hoe1 baku said to him1 8,are y tir$80 ,r9zai repli$1 8,i h n ev5 lift$ my hoe1 & h[ %\ld ,i be tir$80 baku !n /ruck him1 :o1 h[ev]1 snat*+ ! /ick away f ! ma/]1 pu%$ him d[n4 baku call$ out to ! ,y9o 7k>madna7 to help him up f ! gr\nd4 ,! ,y9o respond$ to ! call & help$ up ! ma/]1 say+1 8,:y d y p]mit ?is crazy fell['s rud5ess80 ,z soon z ! ma/] 0 aga9 on 8 feet1 he /ruck ! ,y9o4 ,r9zai !n began to dig ! e>? & made ?is ann\ncem5t1 8,9 o!r places !y cremate1 b "h y w all be buri$ alive40#g4ag ,! /ory ( ,isan & ,kyzan :ile !y 7 out pick+ tea leaves has already be5 told 9 "o ( ! prec$+ ,essays4 ,z5 hi/ory inde$ ab\nds ) su* incid5ts z "h ref]r$ to1 %[+ h[ ! ma/]s try to discipl9e _! pupils on e possible occasion4 ,! ev5ts ( daily life manife/ly trivial on ! surface1 ?us h&l$ by ! ma/]s1 gr[ full ( signification4 ,at any rate all ^! 8mondoes0 mo/ eloqu5tly illu/rate ! :ole tr5d ( ! mona/]y life 9 old5 days1 :]e ! _s ( "w & s]vice 0 s ?or\ghly & h>moni\sly bl5d$ ) ! high ?9k+ on matt]s deeply spiritual4 ,v ,! monks ?us develop _! faculties all r\nd4 ,!y receive no lit]>y1 t is1 =mal education :i* is ga9$ mo/ly f books & ab/ract in/ruction4 ,b _! discipl9e & k are practical & effici5t2 = ! basic pr9ciple ( ! ,z5do life is 8le>n+ by do+40 ,!y despise ! s-call$ s(t education :i* is l ^? pr$ige/$ foods meant = ! convalesc5t4 ,:5 a lioness gives bir? to h] *ildr51 x is prov]bially believ$ t aft] ?ree days %e w pu% !m d[n ov] a deep precipice & see if !y c climb up to h]4 ,^? t fail to come out ( ?is trial are n tak5 c>e ( any m4 ,:e!r ?is is true or n1 some?+ l t is aim$ at by ! ,z5 ma/] :o w treat ! monks ) e mann] ( seem+ unk9dness4 ,! monks h n en\gh clo!s to put on1 n en\gh food to indulge 91 n en\gh "t to sleep1 &1 to cap ^!1 !y h pl5ty ( "w to d1 m5ial z well z spiritual4 ,! out] ne$s & ! inw>d aspirations1 if !y "w on h>moni\sly & ideally1 w f9ally end 9 produc+ f9e *>act]s well-tra9$ 9 ,z5 z well z 9 ! real ?+s ( life4 ,?is unique sy/em ( education :i* is /ill go+ on at e ,z5do is n s well kn[n among ! laity ev5 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,& !n ! m]ciless tides ( mod]n comm]cialism leave no corn] un9vad$1 & be=e long ! solit>y isl& ( ,z5 may be f\nd buri$1 z ev]y?+ else1 "u ! waves ( sordid mat]ialism4 ,! monks !mselves are beg9n+ n to und]/& ! great _s ( ! successive ma/]s4 ,?\gh !re are "s ?+s 9 ! mona/ic education :i* may be improv$1 its highly religi\s & rev]5tial feel+ mu/ be pres]v$ if ,z5 is at all to live = _m ye>s yet to come4 ,!oretically1 ! philosophy ( ,z5 transc5ds ! :ole range ( discursive und]/&+ & is n b\nd by rules ( anti!sis4 ,b ?is is v slipp]y gr\nd1 & !re are _m :o fail to walk erect4 ,:5 !y /umble1 ! result is sometimes disa/r\s4 ,l "s ( ! ,m$ieval my/ics1 ! ,z5 /ud5ts may turn into lib]t9es1 los+ all control ov] !mselves4 ,hi/ory is a witness to ?is1 & psy*ology c readily expla9 ! process ( su* deg5]ation4 ,!re=e1 says a ,z5 ma/]1 8,let "o's ideal rise z high z ! cr[n ( ,vairo*ana1 7! highe/ div9ity71 :ile 8 life may be s full ( humility z to make him pro/rate be=e a baby's feet40#g4ah ,:i* is to say1 8if any man desire to be fir/ ! same %all be la/ ( all1 & s]vant ( all40 ,!re=e1 ! mona/]y life is m9utely regulat$ & all ! details are en=c$ 9 /rict ob$i5ce to ! _s already ref]r$ to4 ,humility1 pov]ty1 & inn] sanctification--^! ideals ( ,z5 are :at saves ,z5 f s9k+ into ! level ( ! ,m$ieval ant9omians4 ,?us we c see h[ ! ,z5do discipl9e plays a great "p 9 ! tea*+s ( ,z5 & _! practical application to our daily life4 ,:5 ,tanka#g4ai 7,tan-hsia ,t#8i5-jan1 #gch-hbd7 ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y /opp$ at ,y]9ji ( ! ,capital1 x 0 s sev]ely cold t he f9ally took "o ( ! ,buddha-images en%r9$ !re & made a fire ) x 9 ord] to w>m himself4 ,! keep] ( ! %r9e see+ ?is 0 greatly ex]cis$4 8,h[ d>e y burn up my wood5 ,buddha80 ,said ,tanka :o look$ z if se>*+ = some?+ ) 8 /ick 9 ! a%es1 8,i am ga!r+ ! holy arasf#ada 9 ! burnt a%es40 8,h[10 said ! keep]1 8c\ld y get aras by burn+ a wood5 ,buddha80 8,if !re are no aras to be f\nd 9 x1 may ,i h ! rema9+ two ,buddhas = my fire80 retort$ ,tanka4 ,! %r9e-keep] lat] lo/ 8 eye-br[s = remon/rat+ aga9/ ! app>5t impiety ( ,tanka1 :ile ! ,buddha's wra? nev] 0 visit$ ^u ! latt]4 ,?\gh "o may d\bt its hi/orical occurr5ce1 ?is is a notable /ory1 & all ! ,z5 ma/]s agree z to ! high] spiritual atta9m5t ( ! ,buddha-desecrat+ ,tanka4 ,:5 lat] a monk ask$ a ma/]#g4bj ab\t ,tanka's idea ( burn+ a ,buddha's /atue1 said ! ma/]1 8,:5 cold1 we sit ar\nd ! he>? ) burn+ fire40 8,0 he !n at fault or n80 8,:5 hot1 we g to ! bamboo grove by ! /ream10 ?is 0 ! answ]4 ,i _c help quot+ ano!r comm5t on ! /ory z ?is is "o ( ! mo/ significant subjects 9 ! /udy ( ,z54 ,:5 ,suibi ,mugaku 7,ts#8uiwei ,wu-hsiao7#g4ba1 a disciple ( ,tanka1 0 mak+ (f]+s to ! ,arhats1 probably c>v$ 9 wood1 a monk came up & ask$1 8,tanka burn$ a wood5 ,buddha & h[ is x t y make (f]+s to ! ,arhats80 ,! ma/] said1 8,ev5 :5 x 0 burn$1 x c\ld n be burn$ up2 & z to my mak+ (f]+s1 j leave me alone z ,i please40 8,:5 ^! (f]+s are made to ! ,arhats1 w\ld !y come to receive !m1 or n80 8,d y eat ev]yday1 or n80 ! ma/] dem&$4 ,z ! monk rema9$ sil5t1 ! ma/] decl>$1 8,intellig5t ones are h>d to be met )60 ,:atev] ! m]it ( ,tanka f ! purely ,z5-po9t ( view1 !re is no d\bt t su* de$s z 8 are to be reg>d$ z highly sacrilegi\s & to be avoid$ by all pi\s ,buddhi/s4 ,^? :o h n yet ga9$ a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ,z5 may g all l5g?s to commit e mann] ( crime & excess1 ev5 9 ! "n ( ,z54 ,= ?is reason1 ! regulations ( ! mona/]y are v rigid t pride ( he>t may dep>t & ! cup ( humility be drunk to ! dregs4 ,:5 ,%uk 7,*u-hung7#g4bb ( ! ,m+ dyna/y 0 writ+ a book on ! t5 laudable de$s ( a monk1 "o ( ^? high-spirit$1 self-ass]tive fell[s came to him1 say+1 8,:at is ! use ( writ+ su* a book :5 9 ,z5 !re is n ev5 an atom ( ?+ to be call$ laudable or n80 ,! writ] answ]$1 8,! five aggregates 7sk&ha7 are entangl+1 & ! f\r elem5ts 7mahbhta7 gr[ rampant1 & h[ c y say !re are no evils80 ,! monk /ill insi/$1 8,! f\r elem5ts are ultimately all empty & ! five aggregates h no reality :atev]40 ,%uk1 giv+ him a slap on 8 face1 said1 8,s _m are m]e le>n$ ones2 y are n ! real ?+ yet2 give me ano!r answ]40 ,b ! monk made no answ] & w5t (f fill$ ) angry feel+s4 8,!re10 said ! ma/] smil+ly1 8:y don't y wipe ! dirt (f y\r own face80 ,9 ! /udy ( ,z51 ! p[] ( an all-illum9at+ insight mu/ g h& 9 h& ) a deep s5se ( humility & meekness ( he>t4 ,let me cite1 z "o in/ance ( tea*+ humility1 ! exp]i5ce :i* a new monk-applicant is fir/ made to g ?r\gh :5 he fir/ approa*es ! ,m$itation ,hall4 ,! applicant may come duly equipp$ ) c]tificates ( 8 qualifications & ) 8 monki% p>aph]nalia consi/+ ( su* articles are already m5tion$1 b ! ,z5do au?orities w n admit him at once into _! company4 ,g5]ally1 "s =mal excuse w be f\nd3 !y may tell him t _! e/abli%m5t is n ri* en\gh to take 9 ano!r monk1 or t ! ,hall is already too full4 ,if ! applicant quietly retires ) ?is1 !re w be no place = him any:]e1 n only 9 t p>ticul> ,z5do :i* 0 8 fir/ *oice1 b 9 any o!r ,z5do ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,= he w meet a simil> refusal ev]y:]e4 ,if he wants to /udy ,z5 at all1 he ought n to be disc\rag$ by any su* excuse z t4 ,! p]si/5t applicant w n[ seat himself at ! entrance por*1 &1 putt+ 8 head d[n on ! box :i* he c>ries 9 front ( him1 calmly1 wait !re4 ,sometimes a /rong morn+ or ev5+ sun %9es "r ov] ! recumb5t monk on ! por*1 b he keeps on 9 ?is attitude )\t /irr+4 ,:5 ! d9n] h\r comes1 he asks to be admitt$ 9 & f$4 ,?is is grant$1 = no ,buddhi/ mona/]ies w refuse food & lodg+ to a travell+ monk4 ,aft] eat+1 h[ev]1 ! novice goes out aga9 on ! por* & cont9ues 8 petition = admittance4 ,no att5tion w be paid to him until ! ev5+ :5 he asks = lodg+4 ,?is be+ grant$ z be=e1 he takes (f 8 travell+ s&als1 wa%es 8 feet1 & is u%]$ into a room res]v$ = su* purposes4 ,b mo/ frequ5tly he f9ds no b$d+ !re1 = a ,z5 monk is suppos$ to pass 8 night 9 deep m$itation4 ,he sits upright all night evid5tly absorb$ 9 ! contemplation ( a 8k-an40f#adbg4bc ,9 ! foll[+ morn+ he goes out z on ! previ\s day to ! entrance hall & resumes ! same po/ure z be=e expressive ( an urg5t desire to be admitt$4 ,?is may g on ?ree or five or sometimes ev5 sev5 days4 ,! pati5ce & humility ( ! new applicant are tri$ ?us h>d until f9ally he w be tak5 9 by ! au?orities1 :o1 app>5tly mov$ by 8 e>ne/ness & p]sev]ance1 w try someh[ to accommodate him4 ,?is proc$ure is gr[+ some:at a =mal affair1 b 9 old5 days :5 ?+s 7 n yet settl$ into a m]e r\t9e1 ! applicant monk _h q a h>d "t1 = he w\ld actually be driv5 out ( ! mona/]y by =ce4 ,we read 9 ! biographies ( ! old ma/]s ( /ill h>d] treatm5ts :i* 7 m]cilessly dealt out to !m4 ,! ,m$itation ,hall is regulat$ ) milit>i/ic sev]ity & precision to cultivate su* virtues z humility1 ob$i5ce1 simplicity1 & e>ne/ness 9 ! monki% he>ts t are ev] prone to foll[ indiscrim9ately ! extraord9>y examples ( ! old ma/]s1 or t are liable to put 9 practice 9 a crude & undige/$ mann] ! high doctr9es ( a nyat philosophy su* z is exp\nd$ 9 ! ,praj-pramit class ( ,mahayana lit]ature4 ,a p>tial glimpse ( su* life we h already ga9$ 9 ! description ( ! table mann]s z above4 ,,vi ,!re is a p]iod 9 ! mona/ic life1 exclusively set ap>t = m5tal discipl9e1 & n int]rupt$ by any manual lab\r except su* z is absolutely ne$$4 ,x is kn[n z great 8,ses%90 7,*-hs97f#adcg4bd & la/s a week1 tak+ place once a mon? dur+ ! season call$ ! 8,summ] ,soj\rn0 & ! 8,w9t] ,soj\rn40 ,! summ] soj\rn beg9s 9 ,april & ends 9 ,augu/1 :ile ! w9t] "o beg9s 9 ,octob] & ends 9 ,febru>y4 8,ses%90 means 8collect+ or conc5trat+ ! m9d40 ,:ile ?is p]iod is la/+1 ! monks are conf9$ at ! ,z5do1 get up e>li] ?an usual1 & sit fur!r into ! night4 ,!re is a k9d ( lecture e day dur+ ! p]iod4 ,text books are us$1 ! mo/ popul> ( :i* are ,! ,hekigan%u & ,r9zairoku1#g4be ! two be+ consid]$ ! mo/ fundam5tal books ( ! ,r9zai ,s*ool4 ,! ,r9zairoku is a collection ( s]mons & say+s ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,r9zai ,z5 sect4 ,! ,hekigan%u1 z has be5 not$ else:]e1 is a collection ( "o hundr$ ,z5 8cases0 or 8!mes0 ) critical annotations & poetical comm5ts4 ,x goes )\t say+ t !re are _m o!r books us$ = ! occasion4 ,to an ord9>y read]1 su* books g5]ally are a sort ( obscurum p] obscurius4 ,aft] li/5+ to a s]ies ( lectures1 he is left 9 ! lur* z ev]4 ,n necess>ily t !y are too ab/ruse1 b t ! read] is /ill want+ 9 insight into ! tru? ( ,z54 ,! lecture is a solemn affair4 ,its beg9n+ is ann\nc$ by a bell1 :i* /ops r++ z soon z ! ma/] appe>s 9 ! hall :]e :at is kn[n z 8,tei%o0f#addg4bf takes place4 ,:ile ! ma/] is (f]+ inc5se to ! ,buddha & to 8 dep>t$ ma/]1 ! monks recite a %ort dh>ani-stra call$ ,daihiju1f#ade :i* means 8! dh>ani ( great compassion40 ,be+ a ,*9ese translit]ation ( ! ,sanskrit orig9al1 m]e recitation ( ! ,sutra does n give any intellig5t s5se4 ,probably ! s5se is n ess5tial 9 ?is case1 ! assurance is suffici5t t x conta9s some?+ auspici\s & conducive to spiritual welf>e4 ,:at is m significant is ! way 9 :i* x is recit$4 ,its monotone punctuat$ ) a wood5 "t-keep] kn[n z 8mokugyo10 7,wood5 ,fi%71 prep>es ! m9d ( ! audi5ce = ! com+ ev5t4 ,aft] ! ,dh>ani :i* is recit$ ?ree times ! monks read 9 *orus g5]ally ! exhortatory s]mon left by ! f\nd] ( ! mona/]y4 ,9 "s places n[adays ,haku9's 8,song ( ,zaz50 is (t5 *ant$4 ,! foll[+ are translations ( ,haku9 & ( ,mus ,koku%i1f#adf ^: la/ exhortatory s]mon is "o ( ! mo/ popul>4 ,muso ,koku%i's ,exhortatory ,s]mon#g4bg ,i h ?ree k9ds ( disciples3 ^? :o1 vigor\sly %ak+ (f all entangl+ circum/ances1 & ) s+l5ess ( ?\ght apply !mselves to ! /udy ( _! own spiritual affairs are ( ! fir/ class4 ,^? :o are n s s+le-m9d$ 9 ! /udy1 b scatt]+ _! att5tion are fond ( book-le>n+1 are ( ! second4 ,^? :o1 cov]+ _! own spiritual brightness1 are only occupi$ ) ! dribbl+s ( ! ,buddhas & ,fa!rs are call$ ! l[e/4 ,z to ^? m9ds t are intoxicat$ by secul> lit]ature & engag$ 9 e/abli%+ !mselves z m5 ( lett]s are simply laym5 ) %av5 heads1 !y d n belong ev5 to ! l[e/4 ,z reg>ds ^? :o ?9k only ( indulg+ 9 food & sleep & give !mselves up to indol5ce1--c\ld su* be call$ memb]s ( ! ,black ,robe8 ,!y are truly1 z 7 designat$ by an old ma/]1 clo!s-racks & rice-bags4 ,inasmu* z !y are n monks1 !y ought n to be p]mitt$ to call !mselves my disciples & ent] ! mona/]y & sub-temples z well1 ev5 a tempor>y soj\rn is to be prohibit$1 n to speak ( _! application z /ud5t-monks4 ,:5 an old man l myself speaks ?us1 y may ?9k he is lack+ 9 all-embrac+ love1 b ! ma9 ?+ is to let !m "k ( _! own faults1 &1 re=m+ !mselves1 to become gr[+ plants 9 ! patri>*al g>d5s4 ,haku9's ,song ( ,m$itation#g4bh ,all s5ti5t be+s are f ! v beg9n+ ! ,buddhas3 ,x is l ice & wat]2 ,ap>t f wat] no ice c exi/1 ,outside s5ti5t be+s1 :]e d we seek ! ,buddhas8 ,n kn[+ h[ ne> ! ,tru? is1 ,p seek x f> away1--:at a pity6 ,!y are l him :o1 9 ! mid/ ( wat]1 ,cries 9 ?ir/ s implor+ly2 ,!y are l ! son ( a ri* man ,:o w&]$ away among ! poor4 ,! reason :y we transmigrate ?r\gh ! six worlds1 ,is because we are lo/ 9 ! d>kness ( ignorance2 ,go+ a/ray fur!r & fur!r 9 ! d>kness1 ,:5 are we able to get away f bir?-&-dea?8 ,z reg>ds ! ,m$itation practis$ 9 ! ,mahayana1 ,we h no words to praise x fully1 ,! ,virtues ( ,p]fection su* z *>ity & morality1 ,& ! invocation ( ! ,buddha's "n1 confession1 & ascetic discipl9e1 ,& _m o!r good de$s ( m]it1-- ,all ^! issue f ! practise ( ,m$itation4 ,ev5 ^? :o h atta9$ x ev5 = "o sitt+1 ,w see all _! evil k>ma wip$ clean2 ,n[h]e !y w f9d ! evil pa?s1 ,b ! ,pure ,l& w be ne> at h&4 ,) a rev]5tial he>t1 let !m to ?is ,tru? ,li/5 ev5 = once4 ,& let !m praise x1 & gladly embrace x1 ,& !y w surely be bless$ mo/ inf9itely4 ,= su* z1 reflect+ )9 !mselves1 ,te/ify to ! ,tru? ( ,self-nature1 ,to ! ,tru? t ,self-nature is no-nature1 ,!y h really gone beyond ! k5 ( sophi/ry4 ,= !m op5s ! gate ( ! on5ess ( cause & effect1 ,& /raight runs ! pa? ( non-duality & non-tr9ity4 ,abid+ ) ! ,n-p>ticul> 9 p>ticul>s1 ,:e!r go+ or return+1 !y rema9 = ev] unmov$2 ,tak+ hold ( ! ,n-?\ght 9 ?\ghts1 ,9 e act ( !irs !y he> ! voice ( ,tru?4 ,h[ b\ndless ! sky ( ,samadhi unfett]$6 ,h[ transp>5t ! p]fect moon-light ( ! ,f\rfold ,wisdom6 ,at t mom5t :at d !y lack8 ,z ! ,tru? et]nally calm reveals itself to !m1 ,?is v e>? is ! ,lotus ,l& ( ,purity1 ,& ?is body is ! body ( ! ,buddha4 ,! lecture la/s ab\t an h\r4 ,x is q diff]5t f an ord9>y lecture on a religi\s subject4 ,no?+ is expla9$1 no argum5ts are set =w>d1 no apologetics1 no reason+s4 ,! ma/] is suppos$ simply to reproduce 9 words :at is treat$ 9 ! textbook be=e him4 ,:5 ! lecture ends1 ! ,f\r ,great ,v[s are repeat$ ?ree times1 & ! monks retire to _! qu>t]s4 ,! ,v[s are3 8,h[ innum]able s5ti5t be+s are1 ,i v[ to save !m all2 ,h[ inexhau/ible our evil passions are1 ,i v[ to ext]m9ate !m2 ,h[ immeasurable ! holy doctr9es are1 ,i v[ to /udy !m2 ,h[ inaccessible ! pa? ( ,buddhas is1 ,i v[ to atta9 x40 ,,vii4 ,dur+ ! 8ses%910 !y h besides lectures :at is kn[n z 8sanz540f#adgg4bi ,to d 8sanz50 is to g to ! ma/] & pres5t "o's views on a k-an = 8 critical exam9ation4 ,9 ^? days :5 a special 8ses%90 is n go+ on1 8sanz50 w probably take place twice a day1 b dur+ ! p]iod ( ?\ght-collection--:i* is ! mean+ ( 8ses%90--! monk has to see ! ma/] f\r or five times a day4 ,?is see+ ! ma/] does n take place op5ly1f#adh ! monk is requir$ to come up individually to ! ma/]'s room1 :]e ! int]view goes on 9 a mo/ =mal & solemn mann]4 ,:5 ! monk is ab\t to cross ! ?re%old ( ! ma/]'s room1 he makes ?ree b[s pro/rat+ himself on ! floor4 ,he n[ ent]s ! room keep+ 8 h&s fold$1 palm to palm1 be=e ! *e/1 & :5 he comes ne> ! ma/]1 he sits d[n & makes ano!r b[4 ,once 9 ! room1 all worldly conv5tion is disreg>d$4 ,if absolutely necess>y f ! ,z5 po9t ( view1 bl[s may be ex*ang$4 ,to make manife/ ! tru? ( ,z5 ) all s9c]ity ( he>t is ! sole consid]ation "h1 & ev]y?+ else receives only a subord9ate att5tion4 ,h5ce ?is elaborate =malism4 ,! pres5tation ov]1 ! monk retires 9 ! same way z be=e4 ,"o 8sanz50 = ov] ?irty monks w occupy m ?an "o h\r & a half1 & ?is is ! "t ( ! utmo/ t5sion = ! ma/]1 too4 ,to h ?is f\r or five times a day mu/ be a k9d ( ordeal = ! ma/] himself1 if he is n ( robu/ heal?4 ,an absolute confid5ce is plac$ 9 ! ma/] z f> z 8 und]/&+ ( ,z5 goes4 ,b if ! monk has suffici5t reason to d\bt ! ma/]'s ability1 he may settle x p]sonally ) him at ! "t ( sanz54 ,?is pres5tation ( views1 !re=e1 is no idle play = ei!r ( ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,x is inde$ a mo/ s]i\s affair1 & because x is s ! discipl9e ( ,z5 has a great moral value outside its philosophy4 ,h[ s]i\s ?is is1 may be guess$ f ! fam\s int]view betwe5 ! v5]able ,%ju#g4cj & ,haku91 fa!r ( mod]n ,z5 9 ,japan4 ,"o summ] ev5+ :5 ,haku9 pres5t$ 8 view to ! old ma/] :o 0 cool+ himself on ! v]&a1 ! ma/] said1 8,/uff & nons5se40 ,haku9 e*o$ ?is l\dly & r satirically1 8,/uff & nons5se60 ,!reupon ! ma/] seiz$ him1 box$ him sev]al times1 & f9ally pu%$ him (f ! v]&a4 ,x 0 soon aft] ! ra9y wea!r1 & poor ,haku9 roll$ 9 ! mud & wat]4 ,hav+ recov]$ himself aft] a :ile1 he came up & rev]5tially b[$ to ! tea*]1 :o !n rem>k$ aga91 8,o y1 d5iz5 ( ! d>k cav]n60 ,ano!r day ,haku9 ?\ght t ! ma/] did n "k h[ deep 8 k ( ,z5 0 & decid$ to h a settlem5t ) him anyh[4 ,z soon z ! "t came1 ,haku9 ent]$ ! ma/]'s room & exhau/$ all 8 +5uity 9 conte/ ) him1 mak+ 8 m9d up n to give way an in* ( gr\nd ?is "t4 ,! ma/] 0 furi\s1 & f9ally tak+ hold ( ,haku9 gave him sev]al slaps & let him g ov] ! por* aga94 ,he fell sev]al feet at ! foot ( ! /one-wall1 :]e he rema9$ = a :ile almo/ s5seless4 ,! ma/] look$ d[n & he>tily laugh$ at ! poor fell[4 ,?is br\ght ,haku9 back to consci\sness4 ,he came up aga9 all 9 p]spiration4 ,! ma/]1 h[ev]1 did n release him yet & /igmatis$ him z ev] ) 8,o y1 d5iz5 ( ! d>k cav]n60 ,haku9 grew desp]ate & ?\ght ( leav+ ! old ma/] altoge!r4 ,:5 "o day he 0 go+ ab\t begg+ 9 ! village1 a c]ta9 accid5tf#adi made him all ( a sudd5 op5 8 m5tal eye to ! tru? ( ,z51 hi!rto completely %ut (f f him4 ,8 joy knew no b\nds & he came back 9 a mo/ exalt$ /ate ( m9d4 ,be=e he cross$ ! front gate1 ! ma/] recognis$ him & beckon$ to him1 say+1 8,:at a good news h y br\ght home to-day8 ,come "r 91 quick1 quick60 ,haku9 !n told him all ab\t :at he w5t ?r\gh ) t day4 ,! ma/] t5d]ly /rok$ him on ! back & said1 8,y h x n[1 y h x n[40 ,aft] ?is1 ,haku9 0 nev] call$ names4 ,su* 0 ! tra9+ ! fa!r ( mod]n ,japanese ,z5 _h to g ?r\gh4 ,h[ t]rible ! old ,%ju 0 :5 he pu%$ ,haku9 d[n ! /one-wall6 ,b h[ mo!rly :5 ! disciple aft] s mu* ( ill-treatm5t f9ally came out triumphantly6 ,!re is no?+ lukew>m 9 ,z54 ,if x is lukew>m1 x is n ,z54 ,x expects "o to p5etrate into ! v dep?s ( tru?1 & ! tru? c nev] be grasp$ until "o comes back to "o's native nak$ness %orn ( all trump]ies1 intellectual or o!rwise4 ,ea* slap dealt by ,%ju /ripp$ ,haku9 ( 8 ins9c]ities4 ,we are all liv+ "u s _m cas+s :i* really h no?+ to d ) our inmo/ self4 ,to rea* ! latt]1 !re=e1 & to ga9 ! real k ( ourselves1 ! ,z5 ma/]s resort to me?ods seem+ly inhuman4 ,9 ?is case h[ev] !re mu/ be absolute fai? 9 ! tru? ( ,z5 & 9 ! ma/]'s p]fect und]/&+ ( x4 ,! lack ( ?is fai? w also mean ! same 9 "o's own spiritual possibilities4 ,s exclaims ,r9zai3 8,o y1 m5 ( little fai?6 ,h[ c y ev] expect to fa?om ! dep?s ( ! ocean ( ,z580 ,,viii ,9 ! life ( ! ,z5do !re is no fix$ p]iod ( graduation z 9 a s*ool education4 ,) "s1 graduation may n take place ev5 aft] 8 tw5ty ye>s' bo>d+ !re4 ,b ) ord9>y abilities & a l>ge am\nt ( p]sev]ance & indefatigability1 "o is able to probe into e intricacy ( ! tea*+s ( ,z5 )9 a space ( t5 ye>s4 ,to practise ! pr9ciple ( ,z51 h[ev]1 9 e mom5t ( life1 t is1 to gr[ fully saturat$ 9 ! _s ( ,z5 is ano!r "q4 ,"o life may be too %ort = x1 = x is said t ev5 kyamuni & ,maitreya !mselves are yet 9 ! mid/ ( self-tra9+4 ,to be a p]fectly qualifi$ ma/]1 a m]e und]/&+ ( ! tru? ( ,z5 is n suffici5t4 ,"o mu/ g ?r\gh a p]iod :i* is kn[n z 8! long matur+ ( ! sacr$ womb40#g4ca ,! t]m mu/ h orig9ally come f ,taoism2 & 9 ,z5 n[adays x means1 broadly speak+1 liv+ a life h>moni\s ) ! und]/&+4 ,"u ! direction ( a ma/]1 a monk may f9ally atta9 to a ?or\gh k ( all ! my/]ies ( ,z52 b ?is is m or less intellectual1 ?\gh 9 ! highe/ possible s5se4 ,! monk's life1 9 & out1 mu/ gr[ 9 p]fect unison ) ?is atta9m5t4 ,to d ?is a fur!r tra9+ is necess>y1 = :at he has ga9$ at ,z5do is aft] all ! po9t+ ( ! direction :]e 8 utmo/ ef=ts h to be put =?4 ,b x is n at all imp]ative n[ to rema9 9 ! ,z5do4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 intellectual atta9m5ts mu/ be fur!r put on trial by com+ into actual contact ) ! _w4 ,!re are no prescrib$ rules = ?is 8matur+40 ,ea* "o acts on 8 own discretion 9 ! accid5tal circum/ances 9 :i* he may f9d himself4 ,he may retire into ! m\nta9s & live a solit>y h]mit1 or he may come out into ! 8m>ket0 & be an active p>ticipant 9 all ! affairs ( ! _w4 ,! six? patri>* is said to h be5 liv+ among ! m\nta9e]s = fifte5 ye>s aft] he left ! fif? patri>*4 ,he 0 q unkn[n 9 ! _w until he came out to a lecture by ,in%u 7,y9-tsung74#g4cb ,*u1 ! ,national ,tea*] ( ,nan-yang1 sp5t =ty ye>s 9 ,nanyang & did n %[ himself out 9 ! capital4 ,b 8 holy life became kn[n f> & ne>1 & at ! urg5t reque/ ( ! ,emp]or he f9ally left 8 hut4 ,isan 7,wei-%an7 sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ! wild]ness1 liv+ on nuts & befri5d+ monkeys & de]4 ,h[ev]1 he 0 f\nd out & big mona/]ies 7 built ab\t 8 an*orage1 he became ma/] ( #a1ejj monks4 ,kwanzan1#g4cc ! f\nd] ( ,my%9ji1 ,kyoto1 retir$ 9 ,m9o prov9ce1 & work$ z day-lab\r] = ! villag]s4 ,nobody recognis$ him until "o day an accid5t br\ght out 8 id5tity & ! c\rt insi/$ on 8 f\nd+ a mona/]y 9 ! capital4f#aej ,haku9 became ! keep] ( a des]t$ temple 9 ,suruga :i* 0 8 sole h]itage 9 ! _w4 ,we c picture to ourselves ! sc5e ( its dilapidations :5 we read ?is3 8,!re 7 no ro(s & ! />s %one ?r\gh at night4 ,nor 0 !re any floor4 ,x 0 necess>y to h a ra9-hat & to put on a pair ( high getas :5 any?+ 0 go+ on :ile ra9+ 9 ! ma9 "p ( ! temple4 ,all ! prop]ty atta*$ to x 0 9 ! h&s ( ! cr$itors1 & ! prie/ly belong+s 7 mortgag$ to ! m]*ants40--,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,haku9's c>e]4 ,!re are _m o!r notable ones1 ! hi/ory ( ,z5 ab\nds ) su* in/ances4 ,! idea h[ev] is n to practise asceticism1 x is ! 8matur+10 z !y h prop]ly designat$1 ( "o's moral "*4 ,_m s]p5ts & add]s are wait+ at ! por*1 & if "o fails to trample !m d[n effectively1 !y raise ! heads aga9 & ! :ole edifice ( moral culture built up 9 vision may collapse ev5 9 "o day4 ,ant9omianism is also ! pitfall = ,z5 foll[]s1 aga9/ :i* a con/ant vigil is ne$$4 ,h5ce ?is 8matur+40 ,,ix ,9 "s respects1 no d\bt1 ?is k9d ( education prevail+ at ! ,z5do is beh9d ! times4 ,b its guid+ pr9ciples su* z simplification ( life1 n wa/+ a mom5t idly1 self-indep5d5ce1 & :at !y call 8secret virtue10 are s\nd = all ages4 ,especially1 ?is latt] is "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic features ( ,z5 discipl9e4 8,secret virtue0 means practis+ goodness )\t any ?\ght ( recognition1 nei!r by o!rs nor by oneself4 ,! ,*ri/ians may call ?is ! do+ ( 8,?y ,w40 ,a *ild is dr[n$1 & ,i get into ! wat]1 & x is sav$4 ,:at 0 to be done 0 done4 ,no?+ m is ?\ght ( x4 ,i walk away & nev] turn back4 ,a cl\d passes1 & ! sky is z blue & z broad z ev]4 ,z5 calls x a 8de$ )\t m]it10 & comp>es x to a man's "w :o tries to fill up a well ) sn[4 ,?is is ! psy*ological aspect ( 8secret virtue40 ,:5 x is religi\sly consid]$1 x is to reg>d & use ! _w rev]5tially & gratefully1 feel+ z if "o 7 c>ry+ on "o's %\ld]s all ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,an old woman ask$ ,j%u1#g4cd 8,i belong to ! sex t is h9d]$ 9 five ways f atta9+ ,buddhahood2 & h[ c ,i ev] be deliv]$ f !m80 ,answ]$ ! ma/]1 8,o let all o!r p be born 9 heav5 & let me1 ?is humble self1 alone cont9ue suff]+ 9 ?is ocean ( pa960 ,?is is ! _s ( ! true ,z5 /ud5t4 ,!re is ano!r /ory illu/rat+ ! same _s ( longsuff]+4 ,! di/rict ( ,j%u :]e ?is ,z5 ma/]'s mona/]y 0 situat$ & :]e he got 8 popul> title1 0 not$ = a f9e /one-bridge4 ,a monk "o day came up to ! ma/] & ask$1#g4ce 8,we he> s mu* ( ! spl5did /one-bridge ( ,j%u1 b ,i see "h no?+ b a mis]able old ru/ic log-bridge40 ,j%u retort$1 8,y j see ! ru/ic log-bridge1 & fail to see ! /one-bridge ( ,j%u40 8,:at is ! /one-bridge !n80 8,horses g ov] x1 asses g ov] x10 0 ,j%u's reply4 ,?is seems to be b a trivial talk ab\t a bridge1 b consid]$ f ! inn] way ( look+ at su* cases1 !re is a great deal ( tru? t\*+ ! c5tre ( "o's spiritual life4 ,we may inquire :at k9d ( bridge is repres5t$ "h4 ,0 ,j%u speak+ only ( a /one-bridge 9 8 mona/]y premises1 :i* 0 /rong en\gh = all k9ds ( pass5g]s ov] x8 ,let ea* "o ( u reflect )9 himself & see if he is 9 possession ( "o bridge ov] :i* pass n only horses & asses1 m5 & wom51 c>ts heavy & light1 b ! :ole _w ) its insanities & morbidities1 & :i* is n only ?us pass$ ov] b q frequ5tly trampl$ d[n & ev5 curs$1--a bridge :i* suff]s all ^! treatm5ts1 good z well z despis$1 pati5tly & uncompla9+ly4 ,0 ,j%u ref]r+ to ?is k9d ( bridge8 ,9 any ev5t we c read some?+ ( ! sort 9 ! cases above cit$4 ,b ?is ,z5 _s ( self-suff]+ ought n to be und]/ood 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se t a man mu/ sp5d all 8 "t 9 pray] & mortification = ! absolution ( s94 ,= a ,z5 monk has no desire to be absolv$ f s91 ?is is too selfi% an idea1 & ,z5 is free f egotism4 ,! ,z5 monk wi%es to save ! _w f ! mis]y ( s91 & z to 8 own s9 he lets x take c>e ( itself1 z he kn[s x is n a ?+ inh]5t 9 8 nature4 ,= ?is reason x is possible = him to be "o ( ^? :o are describ$ z 8!y t weep z ?\gh !y wept n2 & !y t rejoice z ?\gh !y rejoic$ n2 & !y t buy z ?\gh !y possess$ n2 & !y t use ?is _w z n abus+ x40 ,says ,*ri/1 8,:5 ?\ doe/ alms1 let n ?y left h& "k :at ?y "r h& doe?2 t ?9e alms may be 9 secret40 ,?is is a 8secret virtue0 ( ,buddhism4 ,b :5 he goes on to say t 8?y ,fa!r :o see? 9 secret %all recomp5se !e10 !re we see a deep cleavage betwe5 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,z long z !re is any ?\ght ( anybody1 :e!r he be ,god or ,devil1 kn[+ ( y\r do+s1 ,z5 w\ld say 8,y are n yet "o ( u40 ,de$s t are accompani$ by su* ?\ght are n 8m]itless de$s10 b full ( tracks & %ad[s4 ,if a ,_s is trac+ y1 he w 9 no "t get hold ( y & make y acc\nt = :at y h done4 ,! p]fect g>m5t %[s no seams1 inside & outside2 x is "o complete piece & nobody c tell :]e ! "w began & h[ x 0 wov54 ,9 ,z51 !re=e1 !re ought n to be left any trace ( consci\sness aft] ! do+ ( alms1 mu* less ! ?\ght ( recomp5sation ev5 by ,god4 ,! ,z5 ideal is to be 8! w9d t bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 & ! s\nd ( :i* we he> b _c tell :5ce x come? & :i!r x goe?40 ,lieh-tz1 ! ,*9ese philosoph]1 describes ?is frame ( m9d 9 a figurative mann] z foll[s3 8,i all[$ my m9d )\t re/ra9t to ?9k ( :atev] x pleas$ & my m\? to talk ab\t :atev] x pleas$2 ,i !n =got :e!r ! #8?is & n-?is' 0 m9e or o!r's1 :e!r ! ga9 & loss 0 m9e or o!r's2 nor did ,i "k :e!r ,lao-%ang-%9 0 my tea*]1 & :e!r ,pa-kao 0 my fri5d4 ,9 & out1 ,i 0 ?or\ghly trans=m$2 & !n x 0 t ! eye became l ! e>1 & ! e> l ! nose1 & ! nose l ! m\?2 & !re 0 no?+ t 0 n id5tifi$4 ,! m9d 0 conc5trat$1 & ! =m dissolv$1 & ! bones & fle% all ?aw$ away3 ,i did n "k :]e my =m 0 support$1 :]e my feet 7 tread+2 ,i j mov$ along ) ! w9d1 ea/ & we/1 l a leaf ( a tree deta*$ f ! /em1 ,i 0 n consci\s :e!r ,i 0 rid+ on ! w9d or ! w9d rid+ on me40f#aea ,x ,z ,i /at$ be=e1 ,z5 foll[]s d n approve ( ,*ri/ians1 ev5 ,*ri/ian my/ics be+ too consci\s ( ,god :o is ! creator & support] ( all life & all be+4 ,_! attitude t[>ds ! ,buddha & ,z5 is t ( ,lieh-tz rid+ on ! w9d2 a complete id5tification ( ! self ) ! object ( ?\ght is :at is aim$ at by ! disciples ( ,j%u1 ,ummon1 & o!r lead]s ( ,z54 ,?is is ! reason :y !y are all loa? to he> ! ^w ,buddha or ,z5 m5tion$ 9 _! disc\rse1 n because inde$ !y are anti-,buddhi/1 b because !y h s ?or\ghly assimilat$ ,buddhism 9 _! be+4 ,li/5 to ! g5tle remon/rance giv5 by ,hy51 ( ,gosozan1 to 8 disciple ,y5go3 ,goso said1#g4cf 8,y are all "r1 b y h a trivial fault40 ,y5go ask$ two or ?ree times :at t fault 04 ,said ! ma/] at la/1 8,y h altoge!r too mu* ( ,z540 8,:y10 prote/$ ! disciple1 8if "o is /udy+ ,z5 at all1 don't y ?9k x ! mo/ natural ?+ = "o to be talk+ ( x8 ,:y d y dislike x80 ,repli$ ,goso1 8,:5 x is l an ord9>y ev]yday conv]sation1 x is some:at bett]40 ,a monk happ5$ to be !re ) !m1 :o ask$1 8,:y d y specially hate talk+ ab\t ,z580 8,because x turns "o's /oma*10 0 ! ma/]'s v]dict4 ,r9zai's way ( express+ himself 9 reg>d to ?is po9t is q viol5t & revolution>y4 ,& if we 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! me?ods ( ,z5 tea*+s1 su* passages z are quot$ bel[ w\ld surely make our tee? *att] & our hair /& on end4 ,! read] may ?9k ! au?or simply horrible1 b we all "k well h[ e>ne/ly he feels ab\t ! falsehoods ( ! _w & h[ unfl9*+ly he pu%es himself =w>d ?r\gh its confusion worse conf\nd$4 ,8 h&s may be comp>$ to ,jehovah's 9 try+ to de/roy ! idols & caus+ ! images to cease4 ,read ! foll[+1 = in/ance1 9 :i* ,r9zai endeav\rs to /rip "o's _s (f its la/ raim5t ( falsehood4 8,o y1 foll[]s ( ,tru?1 if y wi% to obta9 an or?odox und]/&+ ( ,z51 d n be deceiv$ by o!rs4 ,inw>dly or outw>dly1 if y enc\nt] any ob/acles1 lay !m l[ "r away4 ,if y enc\nt] ! ,buddha slay him2 if y enc\nt] ! ,patri>*1 slay him2 if y enc\nt] ! ,arhat or ! p>5t or ! relative1 slay !m all )\t hesitation3 = ?is is ! only way to deliv]ance4 ,d n get y\rselves entangl$ ) any object1 b /& above1 pass on1 & be free4 ,z ,i see ^? s-call$ foll[]s ( ,tru? all ov] ! c\ntry1 !re are none :o come to me free & indep5d5t ( objects4 ,9 deal+ ) !m1 ,i /rike !m d[n any way !y come4 ,if !y rely on ! /r5g? ( _! arms1 ,i cut !m "r (f2 if !y rely on _! eloqu5ce1 ,i make !m %ut !mselves up2 if !y rely on ! %>pness ( _! eyes1 ,i w hit !m bl9d4 ,!re are inde$ s f> none :o h pres5t$ !mselves be=e me all alone1 all free1 all unique4 ,!y are inv>iably f\nd caught by ! idle tricks ( ! old ma/]s4 ,i h really no?+ to give to y1 all t ,i c d is to cure y ( ! diseases & deliv] y f bondage4 8,o y1 foll[]s ( ,tru?1 %[ y\rselves "h indep5d5t ( all objects1 ,i want to weigh ! matt] ) y4 ,= ! la/ five or t5 ye>s ,i h wait$ 9 va9 = su*1 & !re are no su* yet4 ,!y are all gho/ly exi/5ces1 ignom9i\s gnomes haunt+ ! woods or bamboo-groves1 !y are elfi% spirits ( ! wild]ness4 ,!y are madly bit+ into all heaps ( fil?4 ,o y1 mole-ey$1 :y are y wa/+ all ! pi\s donations ( ! dev\t6 ,d y ?9k y des]ve ! "n ( a monk1 :5 y are /ill ent]ta9+ su* a mi/ak5 idea ( ,z58 ,i tell y1 no ,buddhas1 no holy tea*+s1 no discipl+1 no te/ify+6 ,:at d y seek 9 a neighb\r's h\se8 ,o y1 mole-ey$6 ,y are putt+ ano!r head ov] y\r own6 ,:at d y lack 9 y\rselves8 ,o y1 foll[]s ( ,tru?1 :at y are mak+ use ( at ?is v mom5t1 is none o!r ?an :at makes a ,patri>* or a ,buddha4 ,b y d n believe me1 & seek x outw>dly4 ,d n commit y\rselves to an error4 ,!re are no realities outside1 nor is !re any?+ inside y may lay y\r h&s on4 ,y /ick to ! lit]al mean+ ( :at ,i speak to y1 b h[ f> bett] x is to h all y\r hank]+s /opp$ & be do+ no?+ :atev]60 etc41 etc4 ,?is 0 ! way ,r9zai want$ to wipe out all trace ( ,god-consci\sness 9 ! m9d ( a tru?-seek]4 ,h[ he wields ,?or-l 8 ?und]-bolt ( h>angue6 ,,xi ,! /ate ( m9d 9 :i* all traces ( conceptual consci\sness are wip$ out is call$ by ! ,*ri/ian my/ics pov]ty1 & ,taul]'s def9ition is3 8,absolute pov]ty is ?9e :5 ?\ can/ n rememb] :e!r anybody has ev] ow$ !e or be5 indebt$ to !e = any?+2 j z all ?+s w be =gott5 by !e 9 ! la/ j\rney ( dea?40 ,! ,z5 ma/]s are m poetic & positive 9 _! expression ( ! feel+ ( pov]ty1 !y d n make a direct ref]5ce to ?+s worldly4 ,s+s ,mumon 7,wu-mn7#g4cg3 8,hundr$s ( spr+ fl[]s2 ! autumnal moon2 ,a refre%+ summ] breeze2 w9t] sn[3 ,free ?y m9d ( all idle ?\ghts1 ,& = !e h[ enjoyable e season is60 ,or accord+ to ,%uan 7,%\-an7#g4ch3 8,at ,nantai ,i sit quietly ) an inc5se burn+1 ,"o day ( rapture1 all ?+s are =gott51 ,n t m9d is /opp$ & ?\ghts are put away1 ,b t !re is really no?+ to di/urb my s]5ity40 ,?is is n to convey ! idea t he is idly sitt+ & do+ no?+ p>ticul>ly2 or t he has no?+ else to d b to enjoy ! *]ry-blossoms fragrant 9 ! morn+ sun1 or ! lonely moon :ite & silv]y3 he may be 9 ! mid/ ( "w1 tea*+ pupils1 read+ ! ,sutras1 sweep+ & f>m+ z all ! ma/]s h done1 & yet 8 own m9d is fill$ ) transc5d5tal happ9ess & quietude4 ,he is liv+ 9 ,god z ,*ri/ians may say4 ,all hank]+s ( ! he>t h dep>t$1 !re are no idle ?\ghts clogg+ ! fl[ ( life-activity1 & ?us he is empty & pov]ty-/rick54 ,z he is pov]ty-/rick51 he kn[s h[ to enjoy ! 8spr+ fl[]s'' & ! 8autumnal moon40 ,:5 worldly ri*es are amass$ 9 8 he>t1 !re is no room left !re = su* cele/ial enjoym5ts4 ,! ,z5 ma/]s are wont ( speak+ positively ab\t _! cont5tm5t & unworldly ri*es4 ,in/ead ( say+ t !y are empty-h&$1 !y talk ( ! natural suffici5cy ( ?+s ab\t !m4 ,yogi 7,yang-*#8i71 h[ev]1 ref]s to 8 des]t$ habitation :]e he f\nd himself to be resid+ z keep]4 ,"o day he asc5d$ ! lectur+ *air 9 ! ,hall & began to recite 8 own v]se#g4ci3 8,my dwell+ is n[ "h at ,yogi2 ! walls & ro(1 h[ wea!r-beat56 ,! :ole floor is cov]$ :ite ) sn[ cry/al1 ,%iv]+ d[n ! neck1 ,i am fill$ ) ?\ghts40 ,aft] a pause he add$ ! f\r? l9e3 8,h[ ,i recall ! anci5t ma/]s ^: habitat 0 no bett] ?an ! %ade ( a tree60 ,kyg5 7,hsiang-y57#g4dj is m direct app>5tly 9 8 allusion to pov]ty3 8,my la/ ye>'s pov]ty 0 n pov]ty en\gh1 ,my pov]ty ?is ye> is pov]ty inde$2 ,9 my pov]ty la/ ye> !re 0 room = a gimlet's po9t1 ,b ?is ye> ev5 ! gimlet is gone40 ,lat]1 a ma/] call$ ,koboku ,g5 7,k#8u-mu ,yan7#g4da comm5t$ on ?is song ( pov]ty by ,kyg5 9 ! foll[+ v]se3 8#8,nei!r a gimlet's po9t nor ! room = x1' "s s+2 b ?is is n yet real pov]ty3 ,z long z "o is consci\s ( hav+ no?+1 !re /ill rema9s ! gu>dian ( pov]ty4 ,i am lately pov]ty-/rick5 9 all consci5ce1 ,= f ! v beg9n+ ,i d n see ev5 ! "o t is poor40 ,ummon 0 n pov]ty-/rick51 b lean & emaciat$2 = :5 a monk ask$ him :at 7 ! special features ( 8 s*ool1 ! ma/] answ]$1 8,my sk9 is dry & my bones are /ick+ out40 ,corpul5ce & opul5ce h nev] be5 associat$ ) spirituality1 at lea/ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !y are n inconsi/5t ideas2 b ! amass+ ( weal? "u our economic conditions has always result$ 9 produc+ *>act]s t d n g v well ) our ideals ( sa9tl9ess4 ,p]haps our too emphatic prote/ aga9/ mat]ialism has done ?is4 ,?us n to h any?+1 ev5 wisdom & virtue1 has be5 made ! object ( ,buddhi/ life1 ?\gh ?is does n mean t x despises !m4 ,9 despis+ !re is 9 a l>ge measure some?+ impure1 n ?or\ghly purgat$2 z true ,bodhisattvas are ev5 above purity & virtu\sness1 h[ mu* m s !y w\ld be above su* petty weaknesses ( human be+6 ,:5 ! ,buddhi/s are ?us cleans$ ( all ^!1 !y w truly be pov]ty-/rick5 & ?9 & transp>5t4 ,! aim ( ,z5 discipl9e is to atta9 to ! /ate ( 8non-atta9m5t0 7citta nopalabhyate7 z is te*nically express$4 ,all k is an acquisition & accumulation1 :]eas ,z5 proposes to deprive "o ( all "o's possessions4 ,! _s is to make "o poor & humble--?or\ghly cleans$ ( inn] impurities4 ,le>n+1 on ! contr>y1 makes "o ri* & arrogant4 ,because le>n+ is e>n+1 ! m le>n$1 ! ri*]1 & !re=e 89 mu* wisdom is mu* grief2 & he t increase? k increase? sorr[40 ,x is aft] all 8vanity & a /riv+ aft] w9d40 ,z5 w he>tily endorse ?is too4 ,says ,laotz1 8,s*ol>s ga9 ev]yday :ile ! ,taoi/s lose ev]yday40f#aeb ,! consummation ( ?is k9d ( loss is 8non-atta9m5t10 :i* is pov]ty4 ,pov]ty 9 ano!r ^w is empt9ess1 nyat4 ,:5 ! _s is all purg$ ( its fil? accumulat$ f "t immemorial1 x /&s nak$1 ) no raim5ts1 ) no trapp+s4 ,x is n[ empty1 free1 g5u9e assum+ its native au?ority4 ,& !re is a joy 9 ?is1 n t k9d ( joy :i* is liable to be upset by its c\nt]p>t1 grief1 b an absolute joy :i* is 8! gift ( ,god10 :i* makes a man 8enjoy good 9 all 8 lab\r10 & f :i* no?+ c be tak51 to :i* no?+ c be put1 b :i* %all /ay = ev]4 ,non-atta9m5t1 !re=e1 9 ,z5 is positive conception1 & n m]ely privative4 ,! ,buddhi/ modes ( ?9k+ are sometimes diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,we/1 & ,*ri/ian read]s are (t5 tak5 aback at ! idea ( empt9ess & at ! too uncondition$ ass]tion ( idealism4 ,s+ul>ly1 h[ev]1 all ! my/ics1 ,buddhi/ or no1 agree 9 _! idea ( pov]ty be+ ! end ( _! spiritual developm5t4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 we seem to be too consci\s ( ,god1 ?\gh we say t 9 ,him we live & move & h our be+4 ,z5 wants to h ev5 ?is la/ trace ( ,god-consci\sness1 if possible1 oblit]at$4 ,t is :y ,z5 foll[]s advise u n to l+] ev5 :]e ! ,buddha is & to pass quickly away :]e he is n4 ,all ! tra9+ ( ! monk 9 ! ,z5do1 9 !ory z well z 9 practice1 is bas$ 9 ! notion ( 8m]itless de$40 ,poetically1 ?is idea is express$ z foll[s3 8,! bamboo %ad[s are sweep+ ! /airs1 ,b no du/ is /irr$3 ,! moonlight p5etrates deep 9 ! bottom ( ! pool1 ,b no trace is left 9 ! wat]40 ,:5 ?is is express$ 9 ! m ,indian & te*nical t]ms ( ! ,lakvatra-stra1 x is z foll[s3 8,habit-en]gy is n sep>at$ f m9d1 nor is x toge!r ) m9d2 ?\gh envelop$ 9 habit-en]gy1 m9d has no m>ks ( diff]5ce4 8,habit-en]gy :i* is l a soil$ g>m5t produc$ by manovijna1 keeps m9d f %9+ =?1 ?\gh m9d itself is a robe ( ! utmo/ purity4 8,i /ate t ! laya is l empty space1 :i* is nei!r exi/5t nor non-exi/5t2 = ! laya has no?+ to d ) be+ or no-be+4 8,?r\gh ! trans=mation ( manovijna1 m9d is cleans$ ( f\lness1 x is enlight5$ z x n[ ?or\ghly und]/&s all ?+s3--?is ,i prea*40f#aec ,,xii ,! mona/]y life is n all work+ & sitt+ quiet m$itat+ on ! 8k-an40 ,!re is some?+ ( intellectual life1 9 ! =m ( lectur+ z has already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,anci5tly1 h[ev]1 !re 0 no regul> 8ses%910 & all ! lectur+ or giv+ s]mons to ! congregation 0 c>ri$ on ! fea/ days1 memorial days1 or on o!r auspici\s occasions su* z receiv+ visitors1 hon\rably dis*>g+ ! (ficials1 or complet+ giv5 pieces ( "w4 ,e available opportunity 0 ?us us$ intellectually to enlight5 e>ne/ seek]s ( ! tru?4 ,^! disc\rses1 s]mons1 exhortations1 & %ort pi?y rem>ks s *>act]i/ic ( ,z5 are record$ 9 its lit]ature1 ! bulk ( :i* inde$ consi/s ( no?+ b ^!4 ,:ile claim+ to be above lett]s1 ,z5 is fill$ ) !m1 almo/ ov]fill$4 ,be=e giv+ "s ( su* s]mons1 let me digress & say a few words ab\t ! ,*9ese language z ! vehicle ( ,z5 philosophy4 ,to my m9d1 ! ,*9ese language is pre-em95tly adapt$ = ,z51 x is probably ! be/ m$ium ( expression = ,z5 z long z its lit]>y side alone is ?\ght (4 ,be+ monosyllabic ! language is t]se & vigor\s1 & a s+le ^w is made to convey s mu* mean+ 9 x4 ,:ile vagu5ess ( s5se is p]haps an unavoidable %ortcom+ accompany+ ^? advantages1 ,z5 kn[s h[ to avail itself ( x1 & ! v vagu5ess ( ! language becomes a mo/ p[]ful weapon 9 ! h& ( ! ma/]4 ,he is f> f want+ to be obscure & mislead+1 b a well-*os5 monosyllable gr[s :5 x falls f 8 lips into a mo/ pregnant ^w load$ ) ! :ole sy/em ( ,z54 ,ummon is reg>d$ z ! =emo/ adept 9 ?is direction4 ,to %[ ! extreme laconism ( 8 say+s1 ! foll[+#g4db are quot$3 ,:5 he 0 ask$ :at 0 ! sword ( ,ummon1 he repli$1 8,hung60 8,:at is ! "o /raight passage to ,ummon80 8,mo/ intimate60 8,:i* "o ( ! ,trikya ,?ree ,bodies ( ,buddha is x t w s]monise80 8,to ! po9t60 8,i und]/& ?is is said by all ! old ma/]s1 t :5 y "k ! tru?1 all ! k>ma-h9drances are empty f ! beg9n+2 b if y d n1 y h to pay all ! debts back4 ,i wond] if ! second patri>* knew ?is or n40 ,repli$ ! ma/]1 8,mo/ c]ta9ly60 8,:at is ! eye ( ! true ,dh>ma80 8,ev]y:]e60 8,:5 "o commits patricide1 or matricide1 "o goes to ! ,buddha to confess ! s92 :5 h[ev] "o murd]s a ,buddha or ,patri>*1 :]e %\ld "o g = confession80 8,expos$60 8,:at is ! ,tao pa?1 way1 or tru?80 8,walk on60 8,h[ is x t )\t ! p>5t's cons5t "o _c be orda9$80 8,h[ %all[60 8,i _c und]/&40 8,h[ deep60 8,:at k9d ( phrase is x t does n ca/ any %ad[80 8,reveal$60 8,h[ d y h an eye 9 a "qf#aed80 8,bl9d40 ,j "o monosyllable1 & ! difficulties are dispos$ (4 ,! ,z5 ma/] has g5]ally no?+ to d ) circumlocution2 if any "o is a direct & pla9 speak]1 he is ! directe/ 9 hitt+ ! po9t & ! pla9e/ 9 express+ 8 ?\ghts )\t any encumb]+ app5dages4 ,to ^! purposes1 ! ,*9ese language is em95tly suit$4 ,brevity & =cefulness are its specific qualities1 = ea* s+le syllable is a ^w & sometimes ev5 makes a complete s5t5ce4 ,a /r+ ( a few n\ns ) no v]bs or ) no connectives is (t5 suffici5t to express a complex ?\ght4 ,*9ese lit]ature is naturally full ( tr5*ant epigrams & pregnant aphorisms4 ,! words are unwieldy & disconnect$3 :5 !y are put toge!r1 !y are l s _m pieces ( rock ) no?+ cem5t+ !m to "o ano!r4 ,!y d n pres5t !mselves z organic4 ,ea* l9k 9 ! *a9 has a sep>ate indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,b z ea* syllable is pron\nc$1 ! :ole effect is irresi/ible4 ,*9ese is a my/ic language p> excell5ce4 ,z t]s5ess & directness is ! life ( ,z51 its lit]ature is full ( idiomatic & colloquial expressions4 ,! ,*9ese z y all "k1 be+ su* p>tisans to classic =malism1 s*ol>s & philosoph]s did n "k h[ to express !mselves b 9 elegant & highly poli%$ /yle4 ,& consequ5tly all t is left to u 9 anci5t ,*9ese lit]ature is ?is classicism1 no?+ ( popul> & colloquial lore _h come d[n to po/]ity4 ,:atev] we h ( ! latt] f ! ,t#8ang & ! ,sung dyna/y is to be s\ght 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,z5 ma/]s4 ,x is an irony ( fate t ^? :o s despis$ ! use ( lett]s z conveyor ( tru? & directly appeal$ to ! und]/&+ ( an intuitive faculty became ! be>]s & transmitt]s ( anci5t popul> idioms & expressions :i* 7 ?r[n away by ! classical writ]s z unwor?y & vulg> f ! ma9 body ( lit]ature4 ,! reason h[ev] is pla94 ,! ,buddha prea*$ 9 ! v]nacul> language ( ! p2 s did ,*ri/4 ,! ,greek or ,sanskrit 7or ev5 ,pali7 texts are all lat] elaboration :5 ! fai? began to gr[ /ale1 & s*ola/icism _h ! *ance to ass]t itself4 ,!n ! liv+ religion turn$ into an intellectual sy/em & _h to be translat$ into a highly b artificially poli%$ & !re=e m or less /ilt$ =malism4 ,?is has be5 :at ,z5 mo/ emphatically oppos$ f ! v beg9n+1 & ! consequ5ce 0 naturally t ! language x *ose 0 t :i* mo/ appeal$ to ! p 9 g5]al1 t is1 to _! he>ts op5 = a new liv+ light4 ,! ,z5 ma/]s1 :5ev] !y c\ld1 avoid$ ! te*nical nom5clature ( ,buddhi/ philosophy1 n only did !y discuss su* subjects z appeal$ to a pla9 man1 b !y made use ( 8 ev]yday language :i* 0 ! vehicle appreciat$ by ! masses & at ! same "t mo/ expressive ( ! c5tral ideas ( ,z54 ,?us ,z5 lit]ature became a unique repository ( anci5t wisdom4 ,9 ,japan1 too1 :5 ,haku9 mod]nis$ ,z51 he utilis$ pr(usely slangy phrases1 colloquialisms1 & ev5 popul> songs4 ,?is neological t5d5cy ( ,z5 is inevitable1 see+ t x is creative & refuses to express itself 9 ! worn-out lifeless language ( s*ol>s & /yli/s4 ,z ! result ev5 le>n$ /ud5ts ( ,*9ese lit]ature ^! days are unable to und]/& ! ,z5 writ+s1 & _! spiritual mean+s z well4 ,?us has ,z5 lit]ature come to con/itute a unique class ( lit]>y "w 9 ,*9a1 /&+ all by itself outside ! ma9 bulk ( classical lit]ature4 ,z ,i said else:]e1 ,z5 became truly ! product ( ! ,*9ese m9d by ?us creat+ a unique influ5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*9ese culture4 ,z long z ,indian influ5ce pr$om9at$1 ,z5 c\ld n be free f ! speculative ab/raction ( ,buddhi/ philosophy1 :i* meant t ,z5 0 n ,z5 9 its specialis$ s5se4 ,"s s*ol>s ?9k t !re is no ,z5 9 ! s-call$ primitive ,buddhism & t ! ,buddha 0 n at all ! au?or ( ,z54 ,b we mu/ all rememb] t su* critics are entirely ignor+ ! fact t religion :5 transplant$ adapts itself to ! g5ius ( ! p among :om x is introduc$1 & t unless x does s x gradually dies out1 prov+ t !re 0 no life-giv+ s\l 9 t religion4 ,z5 has claim$ f ! beg9n+ ( its hi/ory 9 ,*9a t x is transmitt+ ! _s & n ! lett] ( ! ,buddha1 by :i* we und]/& t ,z51 indep5d5t ( traditional ,buddhi/ philosophy includ+ its t]m9ology & modes ( ?9k+1 wove out its own g>m5t f )9 j z ! silkworm weaves its own cocoon4 ,!re=e1 ! out] g>m5t ( ,z5 is orig9al1 befitt+ itself wond]fully well1 & !re are no pat*+s on x1 nor any seams ei!r3 ,z5 is truly ! traditional cele/ial robe4 ,,xiii ,be=e clos+ ,i mu/ n =get to give "s ( ! s]mons by ! ma/]s :i* are record$ *iefly 9 ,! ,record ( ! ,transmission ( ! ,lamp1 z well z 9 ! 8,say+s40 ,j%u says#g4dc3 8,?is ?+ is l hold+ up a transp>5t cry/al 9 y\r h&4 ,:5 a /rang] comes1 x reflects him z su*2 :5 a native ,*9ese comes1 x reflects him z su*4 ,i pick up a blade ( grass & make x "w z a gold5-bodi$ "of#aee sixte5 feet high4 ,i aga9 take hold ( a gold5-bodi$ "o sixte5 feet high & make him act z a blade ( grass4 ,! ,buddha is :at con/itutes human desires & human desires are no o!r ?an ,buddhahood40 ,a monk ask$1f#afg 8,= :om are ! ,buddha's desires r\s$80 8,8 desires are r\s$ = all s5ti5t be+s40 8,h[ does he get rid ( !m !n80 8,:at is ! use ( gett+ rid ( !m80 answ]$ ! ma/]4 ,on ano!r occasion he said3 8,kyapa h&$ ! ,law ov] to n&a1 & c y tell me to :om ,bodhi-,dh>ma h&$ x ov]80 ,a monk int]pos$3 8,h[ is x t we read ab\t ! second patri>*'s gett+ its m>r[ f ,dh>ma80f#aeg 8,don't disp>age ! second patri>*10 ,j%u cont9u$3 8,dh>ma claims t ! "o :o 0 outside got ! sk9 & ! inside "o got ! bone2 b c y tell me :at ! inmo/ "o gets80 ,a monk said1 8,b don't we all "k t !re 0 "o :o got ! m>r[80 ,retort$ ! ma/]3 8,he has j got ! sk94 ,"h 9 my place ,i d n all[ ev5 to talk ( ! m>r[40 8,:at is ! m>r[ !n80 8,if y ask me ?us1 ev5 ! sk9 y h n trac$40 8,h[ gr& !n y are60 said ! monk4 8,is ?is n y\r absolute position1 sir80 8,d y "k !re is "o :o w n accept y80 8,if y say s1 !re mu/ be "o :o w take ano!r position40 8,:o is su* ano!r80 dem&$ ! ma/]4 8,:o is n su* ano!r80 retort$ ! monk4 8,i w let y talk all y l40 ,! s]mons are g5]ally ( ?is nature1 %ort1 & to outsid]s un9telligible or almo/ nons5sical4 ,b1 accord+ to ,z51 all ^! rem>ks are ! pla9e/ & mo/ /raight=w>d exposition ( ! tru?4 ,:5 ! =mal logical modes ( ?9k+ are n resort$ to1 & yet ! ma/] is ask$ to express himself :at he und]/&s 9 8 inmo/ he>t1 !re are no o!r ways b to speak 9 a mann] s enigmatic & s symbolic z to /agg] ! un9itiat$4 ,h[ev]1 ! ma/]s !mselves are "r 9 e>ne/1 & if y atta* ev5 ! remote/ notion ( reproa* to _! rem>ks1 ?irty bl[s w be in/antly on y\r head4 ,! next are f ,ummon4#g4dd ,ummon asc5d$ ! plat=m & said3 8,o y1 v5]able monks6 ,don't get confus$ 9 ?\ght4 ,heav5 is heav51 e>? is e>?1 m\nta9s are m\nta9s1 wat] is wat]1 monks are monks1 laym5 are laym540 ,he paus$ = a :ile & cont9u$1 8,br+ me out "h t hill ( ,ansan & let me see60 ,ano!r "t he said1 8,bodhisattva ,vasudeva turn$ )\t any reason into a /aff40 ,s say+ he drew a l9e on ! gr\nd ) 8 own /aff1 & resum$1 8,all ! ,buddhas z numb]less z s&s are "h talk+ all k9ds ( nons5se40 ,he !n left ! ,hall4 ,"o day :5 he came out 9 ! ,hall z usual to give a s]mon1 a monk walk$ out ( ! congregation1 & made b[s to him1 say+1 8,i beg y to answ]40 ,ummon call$ out al\d1 8,o monks60 ,! monks all turn$ t[>ds ! ma/]1 :o !n came d[n f ! seat4 ,ano!r day :5 he 0 sil5t 9 8 seat = a :ile1 a monk came out & made b[s to him2 said ! ma/]1 8,:y s late60 ,! monk made a response1 :]eupon ! ma/] rem>k$1 8,o y1 good-=-no?+ simpleton60 ,sometimes 8 s]mon w\ld be q disp>ag+ to ! f\nd] ( 8 own fai?2 = he said1 8,iv>a1 great "l ( heav51 & ! old kyamuni are 9 ! middle ( ! c\rty>d1 disc\rs+ on ,buddhism2 are !y n noisy80 ,at ano!r "t he said3 8,all ! talk s f> ,i h _h--:at is x all ab\t any way8 ,to-day aga9 n be+ able to help myself ,i am "h to talk to y once m4 ,9 ?is wide univ]se is !re any?+ t comes up aga9/ y1 or puts y 9 bondage8 ,if !re is ev] a ?+ z small z ! po9t ( a p9 ly+ 9 y\r way or ob/ruct+ y\r passage1 get x out = me6 ,:at is x t y call a ,buddha or a ,patri>*8 ,:at are !y t are kn[n z m\nta9s1 riv]s1 ! e>?1 sun1 moon1 or />s8 ,:at are !y t y call ! f\r elem5ts & ! five aggregates8 ,i speak ?us1 b x is no m ?an ! talk ( an old woman f a remote village4 ,if ,i sudd5ly happ5 to meet a monk ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 ?is matt]1 he w1 on le>n+ :at ,i h be5 talk+ to y1 c>ry me (f ! feet & ?r[ me d[n ! /eps4 ,& = ?is w\ld he be blam$8 ,:atev] ?is may be1 = :at reason is x s8 ,don't be c>ri$ away by my talk & try to make nons5sical rem>ks4 ,unless y are ! fell[ :o 0 really gone ?r\gh ) ! :ole ?+1 y w nev] d4 ,:5 y are caught unaw>es by su* an old man z myself1 y w at once lose y\r way & break y\r legs4 ,& = t1 am ,i to be at all blam$8 ,?is be+ s1 is !re any "o among y :o wants to "k a ?+ or two ab\t ! doctr9e ( our s*ool8 ,come out & let me answ] y4 ,aft] ?is y may get a turn+ & be free to g out 9 ! _w1 ea/ or we/40 ,a monk came out & 0 at ! po9t ( ask+ a "q :5 ! ma/] hit 8 m\? ) ! /aff1 & desc5d$ f ! seat4 ,"o day :5 ,ummon 0 com+ up to ! ,lecture ,hall he he>d ! bell1 :]eupon he said1 8,9 su* a wide1 wide _w1 :y d we put our monki% robes on :5 ! bell goes l ?is80 ,ano!r "t he simply said1 8,don't y try to add fro/ ov] sn[2 take good c>e ( y\rselves1 good-bye02 & w5t out4 8,lo1 & behold2 ! ,buddha ,hall has run into ! monk's qu>t]s40 ,lat] 8 own rem>k 01 8,!y are beat+ ! drum at ,lafu 7,lo-fu71 & a dance is go+ on at ,%j 7,%ao-*\740 ,ummon seat$ himself 9 a *air be=e ! congregation1 !re 0 a pause = a :ile1 & he rem>k$3 8,ra9+ s long1 & n a day has ! sun %one40 ,ano!r "t1 8,lo1 & behold6 ,no life's left60 ,s say+1 he act$ z if he 7 fall+4 ,!n he ask$1 8,d y und]/&8 ,if n1 ask ?is /aff to enlight5 y40 ,z soon z ,ygi 7,yang-*#8ih71#g4de a great ma/] ( ! elev5? c5tury "u ! ,sung dyna/y1 got seat$ 9 8 *air1 he laugh$ l\dly1 8,ha1 ,ha1 ,ha60 & said1 8,:at is ?is8 ,g back to y\r dormitory hall & ea* h a cup ( tea40 ,"o day ,ygi asc5d$ ! seat1 & ! monks 7 all assembl$4 ,! ma/]1 be=e utt]+ a ^w1 ?rew 8 /aff away & came "r d[n jump+ f ! *air4 ,! monks 7 ab\t to disp]se1 :5 he call$ out1 8,o monks60 ,! latt] turn$ back1 :]eupon said ! ma/]1 8,take my /aff 91 ,o monks60 ,?is said1 ! ma/] w5t (f4 ,yakusan 7,yeh-%an1 #gea-hcd7g4df gave no s]mons = "s little "t & ! *ief secret>y came up to him ask+ = "o4 ,! ma/] said1 8,beat ! drum !n40 ,z soon z ! congregation 0 ready to li/5 to him1 he w5t back to 8 own room4 ,! secret>y foll[$ him & said1 8,y gave cons5t to give !m a s]mon1 & h[ is x t y utt]$ n a ^w80 ,said ! ma/]1 8,! ,sutras are expla9$ by ! ,sutra speciali/s1 & ! a/ras by ! a/ra speciali/s2 :y !n d y wond] at me8 ,am ,i n a ,z5 ma/]840 ,"o day ,goso 7,fa-y57#g4dg ent]$ ! ,hall & seat$ himself 9 ! *air4 ,he look$ "o way ov] ! %\ld] & !n ! o!r4 ,f9ally he held out 8 /aff high 9 8 h& & said1 8,only "o foot long60 ,& )\t a fur!r comm5t he desc5d$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =ego+ selections f ,ummon & ,j%u & o!rs w be suffici5t to acqua9t ! read] ) :at k9d ( s]mons h be5 c>ri$ on 9 ! mona/]y = ! intellectual or sup]-intellectual consumption ( ! monks4 ,!y are g5]ally %ort4 ,! ma/]s d n wa/e mu* "t 9 expla9+ ,z51 n only because x is beyond ! k5 ( human discursive und]/&+1 b because su* explanations are n productive ( any practical & la/+ b5efits = ! spiritual edification ( ! monks4 ,! ma/]s' rem>ks are !re=e necess>ily laconic2 sometimes !y d n ev5 attempt to make any wordy discussion or /atem5t1 b j rais+ ! /aff1 or %ak+ ! hossu1 or utt]+ a cry1 or recit+ a v]se1 is all t ! congregation gets f ! ma/]4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 seem to h _! own fav\rite way ( demon/rat+ ! tru? ( ,z52 = in/ance1 ,r9zai is fam\s = 8 8,kwatsu0 7h 9 ,*9ese71 ,tokusan = 8 fl\ri%+ /aff1 ,gutei = 8 lift+ up a f+]1 ,hima = a bifurcate /ick1 ,kwasan = beat+ a drum1 & s on4f#aeh ,x is wond]ful to obs]ve :at a v>iety ( me?ods h sprung up1 s extraord9>y1 s +5i\s1 & s orig9al1 & all 9 ord] to make ! monks realise ! same tru?1 ^: inf9ite aspects z manife/$ 9 ! _w may be compreh5d$ by v>i\s individuals1 ea* accord+ to 8 own capacity & opportunity4 ,tak+ x all 9 all1 ,z5 is emphatically a matt] ( p]sonal exp]i5ce2 if any?+ c be call$ radically empirical1 x is ,z54 ,no am\nt ( read+1 no am\nt ( tea*+1 & no am\nt ( contemplation w ev5 make "o a ,z5 ma/]4 ,life itself mu/ be grasp$ 9 ! mid/ ( its fl[1 to /op x = exam9ation & analysis is to kill x leav+ its cold corpse to be embrac$4 ,!re=e1 ev]y?+ 9 ! ,m$itation ,hall & e detail ( its discipl9>y curriculum is s arrang$ z to br+ ?is idea into ! mo/ effici5t prom95ce4 ,! unique position ma9ta9$ by ! ,z5 sect among o!r ,mahayana s*ools 9 ,japan & ,*9a ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ is no d\bt due to ! in/itution kn[n z ! ,m$itation ,hall or ,z5do4 ,,! ,,t5 ,,c[-,,h]d+ ,,pictures ,,! ,,t5 ,,c[-,,h]d+ ,,pictures ,! atta9m5t ( ,buddhahood or ! realisation ( ,enlight5m5t is :at is aim$ at by all pi\s ,buddhi/s1 ?\gh n necess>ily dur+ ?is "o e>?ly life2 & ,z51 z "o ( ! ,mahayana s*ools1 also tea*es t all our ef=ts mu/ be direct$ t[>ds ?is supreme end4 ,:ile mo/ ( ! o!r s*ools di/+ui% s _m /eps ( spiritual developm5t & insi/ on "o's go+ ?r\gh all ! grades successively 9 ord] to rea* ! consummation ( ! ,buddhi/ discipl9e2 ,z5 ignores all ^!1 & boldly decl>es t :5 "o sees into ! inmo/ nature ( "o's own be+1 "o in/antly becomes a ,buddha1 & t !re is no necessity ( climb+ up ea* rung ( p]fection ?r\gh et]nal cycles ( transmigration4 ,?is has be5 "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic t5ets ( ,z5 ev] s9ce ! com+-ea/ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma 9 ! six? c5tury4 8,see into ?y own nature & be a ,buddha10 has ?us gr[n ! wat*word ( ! ,sect4 ,& ?is 8see+0 0 n ! outcome ( mu* le>n+ or speculation1 nor 0 x due to ! grace ( ! supreme ,buddha conf]r$ ^u 8 ascetic foll[]s2 b x grew out ( ! special tra9+ ( ! m9d prescrib$ by ! ,z5 ma/]s4 ,?is be+ s1 ,z5 c\ld n v well recognise any =m ( gradation 9 ! atta9m5t ( ,buddhahood4 ,! 8see+ into "o's nature0 0 an in/ant act4 ,!re c\ld n be any process 9 x :i* w\ld p]mit scales or /eps ( developm5t4 ,b 9 po9t ( fact :]e ! "t-elem5t rules supreme1 ?is 0 n necess>ily ! case4 ,z long z our relative m9ds are made to compreh5d "o ?+ aft] ano!r by degrees & 9 succession & n all at once & simultane\sly1 x is impossible n to speak ( "s k9d ( progress4 ,ev5 ,z5 z some?+ possible ( demon/ration 9 "o way or ano!r mu/ be subject$ to ! limitations ( "t4 ,t is to say1 !re are aft] all grades ( developm5t 9 its /udy2 & "s mu/ be said to h m deeply1 m p5etrat+ly realis$ ! tru? ( ,z54 ,9 itself ! tru? may transc5d all =m ( limitation1 b :5 x is to be realis$ 9 ! human m9d1 its psy*ological laws are to be obs]v$4 ,! 8see+ into ?y nature0 mu/ admit degrees ( cle>ness4 ,transc5d5tally1 we are all ,buddhas j z we are1 ignorant & s9ful if y l2 b :5 we come d[n to ?is practical life1 pure idealism has to give way to a m p>ticul> & palpable =m ( activity4 ,?is side ( ,z5 is kn[n z its 8con/ructive0 aspect1 9 contradi/9ction to its 8all-sweep+0 aspect4 ,& "h ,z5 fully recognises degrees ( spiritual developm5t among its foll[]s1 z ! tru? reveals itself gradually 9 _! m9ds until ! 8see+ into "o's nature0 is p]fect$4 ,te*nically speak+1 ,z5 belongs to ! gr\p ( ,buddhi/ doctr9es kn[n z 8discrete0 or 8discont9u\s0 or 8abrupt0 7tun 9 ,*9ese7 9 opposition to 8cont9u\s0 or 8gradual0 7*i57f#aei2 & naturally ! op5+ ( ! m9d1 accord+ to ,z51 comes ^u "o z a matt] ( discrete or sudd5 happ5+ & n z ! result ( a gradual1 cont9u\s developm5t ^: e /ep c be trac$ & analys$4 ,! com+ ( satori is n l ! ris+ ( ! sun gradually br++ ?+s to light1 b x is l ! freez+ ( wat] :i* takes place abruptly4 ,!re is no middle or twilight condition be=e ! m9d is op5$ to ! tru?1 9 :i* !re prevails a sort ( neutral zone1 or a /ate ( intellectual indiff]5ce4 ,z we h already obs]v$ 9 sev]al in/ances ( satori1 ! transition f ignorance to enlight5m5t is s abrupt1 ! common cur1 z x 71 sudd5ly turns into a gold5-hair$ lion4 ,z5 is an ultra-discrete w+ ( ,buddhism4 ,b ?is holds true only :5 ! tru? ( ,z5 itself is consid]$1 ap>t f its relation to ! human m9d 9 :i* x is disclos$4 ,inasmu* z ! tru? is true only :5 x is consid]$ 9 ! light x gives to ! m9d & _c be ?\ght ( at all indep5d5t ( ! latt]1 we may speak ( its gradual & progressive realisation 9 u4 ,! psy*ological laws exi/ "h z else:]e4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,bodhi-,dh>ma 0 ready to leave ,*9a1 he said t ,dfuku got ! sk91 ! nun ,sji got ! fle%1 & ,diku ! bone1 :ile ,yeka _h ! m>r[ 7or ess5ce7 ( ,z54f#afjh4a ,nangaku :o succe$$ ! six? patri>* _h six accompli%$ disciples1 b _! atta9m5ts diff]$ 9 dep?4 ,he comp>$ !m ) v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 & said1 8,y all h te/ifi$ to my body1 b ea* has grasp$ a "p ( x4 ,! "o :o has my eye-br[s is ! ma/] ( mann]s2 ! second :o has my eyes1 kn[s h[ to look ar\nd2 ! ?ird :o has my e>s1 und]/&s h[ to li/5 to reason+2 ! f\r? :o has my nose is well v]s$ 9 ! act ( brea?+2 ! fif? :o has my tongue1 is a great argu]2 & f9ally ! "o :o has my m9d kn[s ! pa/ & ! pres5t40 ,?is gradation 0 impossible if 8see+ into "o's nature0 alone 0 consid]$2 = ! see+ is "o indivisible act1 all[+ no /ages ( transition4 ,x is h[ev] no contradiction ( ! pr9ciple ( satori1 z we h repeat$ly ass]t$1 to say t 9 fact !re is a progressive realisation 9 ! see+1 lead+ "o deep] & deep] into ! tru? ( ,z51 f9ally culm9at+ 9 "o's complete id5tification ) x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,lieh-tz1 ! ,*9ese philosoph] ( ,taoism1 describes 9 ! foll[+ passage c]ta9 m>k$ /ages ( developm5t 9 ! practice ( ,tao3 8,! tea*] ( ,lieh-tz 0 ,lao-%ang-%ih1 & 8 fri5d ,pai-kao-tz4 ,:5 ,lieh-tz 0 well advanc$ 9 ! tea*+s ( ^! two philosoph]s1 he came home rid+ on ! w9d4 ,y9-%ng he>d ( ?is1 & came to ,lieh-tz to be in/ruct$4 ,y9-%ng neglect$ 8 own h\sehold = sev]al mon?s4 ,he nev] lo/ opportunities to ask ! ma/] to in/ruct him 9 ! arts ( rid+ on ! w9d2 he ask$ t5 times1 & 0 refus$ ea* "t4 ,y9-%ng grew impati5t & want$ to dep>t4 ,lieh-tz did n urge him to /ay4 ,= sev]al mon?s ,y9-%ng kept himself away f ! ma/]1 b did n feel any easi] 9 8 m9d4 ,he came ov] to ,lieh-tz aga94 ,ask$ ! ma/]1 #8,:y ?is con/ant com+ back & =?8' ,y9-%ng repli$1 #8,! o!r day1 ,i1 ,*ang ,tai1 wi%$ to be in/ruct$ by y1 b y refus$ to tea* me1 :i* ,i did n naturally l4 ,i feel1 h[ev]1 no grudge aga9/ y n[1 h5ce my pres5ce "h aga94' 8#8,i ?\ght ! o!r "t1' said ! ma/]1 #8y und]/ood x all4 ,b see+ n[ :at a commonplace mortal y are1 ,i w tell y :at ,i h le>n$ "u ! ma/]4 ,sit d[n & li/56 ,x 0 ?ree ye>s aft] ,i w5t to my ma/] ,lao-%ang & my fri5d ,pai-kao t my m9d began to cease ?9k+ ( "r & wrong1 & my tongue talk+ ( ga9 & loss1 :]eby he fav\r$ me ) j a glance4 ,at ! end ( five ye>s1 my m9d aga9 began to ?9k ( "r & wrong1 & my tongue to talk ab\t ga9 & loss4 ,!n = ! fir/ "t ! ma/] relax$ 8 expression & gave me a smile4 ,at ! end ( sev5 ye>s ,i j let my m9d ?9k ( :atev] x pleas$ & !re 0 no m "q ( "r & wrong1 ,i j let my tongue talk ( :atev] x pleas$1 & !re 0 no m "q ( ga9 & loss4 ,!n = ! fir/ "t ! ma/] beckon$ me to sit beside him4 ,at ! end ( n9e ye>s1 j lett+ my m9d ?9k ( :atev] x pleas$ & lett+ my tongue talk ( :atev] x pleas$1 ,i 0 n consci\s :e!r ,i or anybody else 0 9 ! "r or wrong1 :e!r ,i or anybody else ga9$ or lo/2 nor 0 ,i aw>e ( ! old ma/]'s be+ my tea*] or ! "y ,pai-kao's be+ my fri5d4 ,bo? inw>dly & outw>dly ,i 0 advanc$4 ,x 0 !n t ! eye 0 l ! e>1 & ! e> l ! nose1 & ! nose l ! m\?2 = !y 7 all "o & ! same4 ,! m9d 0 9 rapture1 ! =m dissolv$1 & ! bones & fle% all ?aw$ away2 & ,i did n "k h[ ! frame support$ itself & :at ! feet 7 tread+ ^u4 ,i gave myself away to ! w9d1 ea/w>d or we/w>d1 l leaves ( a tree or l a dry *aff4 ,0 ! w9d rid+ on me8 or 0 ,i rid+ on ! w9d8 ,i did n "k ei!r way4 8#8,y\r /ay ) ! ma/] has n cov]$ mu* space ( "t1 & y are already feel+ grudge aga9/ him4 ,! air w n hold ev5 a fragm5t ( y\r body1 nor w ! e>? support "o memb] ( y\rs4 ,h[ !n c\ld y ev] ?9k ( tread+ on empty space & rid+ ! w9d8' 8,y9-%ng 0 mu* a%am$ & kept quiet = "s "t1 n utt]+ ev5 a ^w40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*ri/ian & ,mahommetan my/ics also m>k ! /ages ( spiritual developm5t4 ,"s ,sufis describe ! 8sev5 valleys0f#afa to trav]se 9 ord] to rea* ! c\rt ( ,simburgh :]e ! my/ic 8birds0 f9d !mselves glori\sly effac$ & yet fully reflect$ 9 ! ,awful ,pres5ce ( !mselves4 ,! 8sev5 valleys0 are3 #a4 ! ,valley ( ,se>*2 #b4 ! ,valley ( ,love1 :i* has no limits2 #c4 ! ,valley ( ,k2 #d4 ! ,valley ( ,indep5d5ce2 #e4 ! ,valley ( ,unity1 pure & simple2 #f4 ! ,valley ( ,amazem5t1 & #g4 ! ,valley ( ,pov]ty & ,annihilation1 beyond :i* !re is no advance4 ,accord+ to ,/4 ,t]esa1 !re are f\r degrees ( my/ic life3 ,m$itation1 ,quiet1 a numb]less int]m$iate degree1 & ! ,orison ( ,unity2 :ile ,hugo ( ,/4 ,victor has also 8 own f\r degrees3 ,m$itation1 ,soliloquy1 ,consid]ation1 & ,rapture4 ,!re are o!r ,*ri/ian my/ics hav+ _! own ?ree or f\r /eps ( 8ard5t love0 or ( 8contemplation40f#afb 99 99 99 99 99 ,pr(essor ,r4 ,a4 ,ni*olson gives 9 8 ,/udies 9 ,islamic ,my/icism a translation ( ,ibnu ',i-,frid's 8,! ,poem ( ! ,my/ic's ,progress0 7,t'iyya71 p>ts ( :i* at lea/ are su* exact c\nt]p>ts ( ,buddhi/ my/icism z to make u ?9k t ! ,p]sian poet is simply e*o+ ! ,z5 s5tim5t4 ,:5ev] we come across su* a piece ( my/ic lit]ature1 we _c help be+ /ruck ) ! inmo/ h>mony ( ?\ght & feel+ resonant 9 ! dep?s ( human s\l1 reg>dless ( its outw>d accid5tal diff]5ces4 ,! v]ses #cbf & #cbg ( ! ,t'iyya read3 8,f #8,i am ,%e' ,i m\nt$ to :]e is no #8to'1 & ,i p]fum$ ph5om5al exi/5ce by my return+3 8,& ,i return$ f #8,i am ,i' = ! sake ( an esot]ic wisdom & ext]nal laws :i* 7 in/itut$ t ,i might call ! p to ,god40 ,! passage z x /&s "h is n v intelligible1 b read ! translator's comm5ts :i* ?r[ s mu* light on ! way ! ,p]sian ?\ght fl[s3 8,?ree /ages ( ,on5ess 7ittihd7 are di/+ui%$ "h3 #a4 #8,i am ,%e1' i4e41 union 7jam#87 )\t real sep>ation 7tafriqa71 al?\gh ! appe>ance ( sep>ation is ma9ta9$4 ,?is 0 ! /age 9 :i* al-,hallj said ,ana ',i-,haqq #8,i am ,god4' #b4 #8,i am ,i1' i4e41 pure union )\t any trace ( sep>ation 7individuality74 ,?is /age is te*nically kn[n z ! #8intoxication ( union' 7sukru ',i-jam#874 #c4 ,! #8sobriety ( union' 7sawu ',i-jam#871 i4e41 ! /age 9 :i* ! my/ic returns f ! pure on5ess ( ! second /age to plurality 9 on5ess & to sep>ation 9 union & to ! ,law 9 ! ,tru?1 s t :ile cont9u+ to be unit$ ) ,god he s]ves ,him z a slave s]ves 8 "l & manife/s ! ,div9e ,life 9 its p]fection to mank9d4 8#8,:]e is no 8to0 i4e41 ! /age ( #8,i am ,i1' beyond :i* no advance is possible except by means ( retrogression4 ,9 ?is /age ! my/ic is entirely absorb$ 9 ! undiff]5tiat$ on5ess ( ,god4 ,only aft] he has #8return$1' i4e41 ent]$ ^u ! ?ird /age 7plurality 9 on5ess7 c he communicate to 8 fell[s "s p]fume 7h9t7 ( ! exp]i5ce ?r\gh :i* he has pass$4 #8,an esot]ic wisdom1' i4e41 ! ,div9e provid5ce manife/$ by means ( ! religi\s law4 ,by return+ to consci\sness1 ! #8unit$' my/ic is enabl$ to fulfil ! law & to act z a spiritual director40 ,:5 ?is is comp>$ ) ! progress ( ! ,z5 my/ic z is pictorially illu/rat$ & poetically comm5t$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 we feel t ! comm5ts 7 writt5 expressly = ,z5 ,buddhism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dur+ ! ,sung dyna/y a ,z5 tea*] call$ ,seikyo#h4b illu/rat$ /ages ( spiritual progress by a gradual purification or :it5+ ( ! c[ until %e h]self disappe>s4 ,b ! pictures1 six 9 numb]1 are lo/ n[4f#afc ,^? t are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 illu/rat+ ! end ( ,z5 discipl9e 9 a m ?or\gh & consi/5t mann]1 come f ! +5i\s bru% ( ,kakuan1#h4c a monk belong+ to ! ,r9zai s*ool4 ,8 are 9 fact a revision & p]fection ( ^? ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,! pictures are t5 9 numb]1 & ea* has a %ort introduction 9 prose foll[$ by a comm5t>y v]se1 bo? ( :i* are translat$ bel[4 ,!re 7 "s o!r ma/]s :o compos$ /anzas on ! same subjects us+ ! rhymes ( ! fir/ comm5tator1 & "s ( !m are f\nd 9 ! popul> edition ( 8,! ,t5 ,c[-h]d+ ,pictures40 ,! c[ has be5 wor%ipp$ by ! ,indians f v e>ly p]iods ( _! hi/ory4 ,! allusions are f\nd 9 v>i\s connections 9 ! ,buddhi/ scriptures4 ,9 a ,h9ayana ,sutra entitl$ 8,on ! ,h]d+ ( ,cattle10f#afd elev5 ways ( prop]ly att5d+ !m are describ$4 ,9 a simil> mann] a monk ought to obs]ve elev5 ?+s prop]ly 9 ord] to become a good ,buddhi/2 & if he fails to d s1 j l ! c[-h]d :o neglects 8 duties1 he w be condemn$4 ,! elev5 ways ( prop]ly att5d+ cattle are3 #a4 ,to "k ! col\rs2 #b4 ,to "k ! signs2 #c4 ,bru%+2 #d4 ,dress+ ! w\nds2 #e4 ,mak+ smoke2 #f4 ,walk+ ! "r pa?2 #g4 ,t5d]ly feel+ = !m2 #h4 ,=d+ ! /reams2 #i4 ,pa/ur+2 #aj4 ,milk+2 #aa4 ,select+4 ,"s ( ! items cit$ "h are n q intelligible4 ,9 ! ,saddh>ma-puarka ,stra1 ,*apt] ,,iii41 8,a ,p>able10 ! ,buddha gives ! fam\s p>able ( ?ree c>ts3 bullock-c>ts1 goat-c>ts1 & de]-c>ts1 :i* a man promises to give to 8 *ildr5 if !y come out ( a h\se on fire4 ,! f9e/ ( ! c>ts is ! "o drawn by bullocks or c[s 7gora?a71 :i* repres5ts ! vehicle = ! ,bodhisattvas1 ! greate/ & mo/ magnific5t ( all vehicles1 lead+ !m directly to ! atta9m5t ( supreme enlight5m5t4 ,! c>t is describ$ ?us 9 ! ,sutra3 8,made ( sev5 preci\s sub/ances1 provid$ ) b5*es1 hung ) a multitude ( small bells1 l(ty1 adorn$ ) r>e & wond]ful jewels1 embelli%$ ) jewel wrea?s1 decorat$ ) g>l&s ( fl[]s1 c>pet$ ) cotton mattresses & wooll5 cov]lets1 cov]$ ) :ite clo? & silk1 hav+ on bo? sides rosy cu%ions1 yok$ ) :ite1 v fair & fleet bullocks1 l$ by a multitude ( m540 ,?us ref]5ce came to be made q frequ5tly 9 ,z5 lit]ature to ! 8:ite c[ on ! op5-air squ>e ( ! village10 or to ! c[ 9 g5]al4 ,= in/ance1 ,tai-an ( ,fu-*\ ask$ ,pai-*ang1#h4d 8,i wi% to "k ab\t ! ,buddha1 :at is he80 ,answ]$ ,pai-*ang1 8,x is l seek+ = an ox :ile y are y\rself on x40 8,:at %all ,i d aft] ,i "k80 8,x is l go+ home rid+ on x40 8,h[ d ,i look aft] x all ! "t 9 ord] to be 9 accordance ) ! ,dh>ma80 ,! ma/] !n told him1 8,y %\ld behave l a c[h]d1 :o1 c>ry+ a /aff1 sees to x t 8 cattle won't w&] away into somebody else's rice-fields40 ,! 8,t5 ,c[-h]d+ ,pictures0 %[+ ! upw>d /eps ( spiritual tra9+1 is d\btless ano!r su* in/ance1 m elaborate & sy/ematis$ ?an ! "o j cit$4 ,,! ,,t5 ,,/ages ,,( ,,spiritual ,,c[-,,h]d+f#afe ,i ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a p]son on rural pa? face p4 #ceg ,look+ = ! ,c[4 ,%e has nev] gone a/ray1 & :at is ! use ( se>*+ = h]8 ,we are n on intimate t]ms ) h] because we h contriv$ aga9/ our inmo/ nature4 ,%e is lo/1 = we h ourselves be5 l$ out ( ! way ?r\gh ! delud+ s5ses4 ,! home is gr[+ f>!r away1 & byways & crossways are ev] confus+4 ,desire = ga9 & fe> ( loss burn l fire2 ideas ( "r & wrong %oot up l a phalanx4 ,alone 9 ! wild]ness1 lo/ 9 ! jungle1 he is se>*+1 se>*+6 ,! swell+ wat]s1 f>-away m\nta9s1 & un5d+ pa?2 ,exhau/$ & 9 despair1 he kn[s n :]e to g1 ,he only he>s ! ev5+ cicadas s++ 9 ! maplewoods4 ,,ii ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a p]son on rural pa? se>*+ face p4 #ceh ,see+ ! ,traces ( ! ,c[4 ,by ! aid ( ! ,sutras & by inquir+ into ! doctr9es1 he has come to und]/& some?+1 he has f\nd ! traces4 ,he n[ kn[s t ?+s1 h[ev] multitud9\s1 are ( "o sub/ance1 & t ! objective _w is a reflection ( ! self4 ,yet1 he is unable to di/+ui% :at is good f :at is n1 8 m9d is /ill confus$ z to tru? & falsehood4 ,z he has n yet ent]$ ! gate1 he is provisionally said to h notic$ ! traces4 ,by ! wat]1 "u ! trees1 scatt]$ are ! traces ( ! lo/3 ,fragrant woods are gr[+ ?ick--did he f9d ! way8 ,h[ev] remote1 ov] ! hills1 & f> away1 ! c[ may w&]1 ,h] nose rea*es ! heav5s & none c conceal x4 ,,iii ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a p]son on rural pa? cat*+ a glimpse ( a c[ face p4 #cei ,see+ ! ,c[4 ,he f9ds ! way ?r\gh ! s\nd1 he sees into ! orig9 ( ?+s1 & all 8 s5ses are 9 h>moni\s ord]4 ,9 all 8 activities1 x is manife/ly pres5t4 ,x is l ! salt 9 wat] & ! glue 9 col\r4 ,x is !re ?\gh n sep>ably di/+ui%able4 ,:5 ! eye is prop]ly direct$1 he w f9d t x is no o!r ?+ ?an himself4 ,yond] p]*+ on a bran* a night+ale s+s *e]fully2 ,! sun is w>m1 ! soo?+ breeze bl[s ?r\gh ! will[s gre5 on ! bank2 ,! c[ is !re all by h]self1 n[h]e is !re room to hide h]self2 ,! spl5did head decorat$ ) /ately horns1 :at pa9t] c reproduce h]8 ,,iv ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a p]son rop+ a c[ face p4 #cfj ,cat*+ ! ,c[4 ,aft] gett+ lo/ long 9 ! wild]ness1 he has at la/ f\nd ! c[ & laid h& on h]4 ,b ow+ to ! ov]:elm+ pressure ( ! objective _w1 ! c[ is f\nd h>d to keep "u control4 ,%e con/antly longs = sweet grasses4 ,! wild nature is /ill unruly1 & altoge!r refuses to be brok5 94 ,if he wi%es to h h] completely 9 subjection1 he ought to use ! :ip freely4 ,) ! en]gy ( 8 :ole s\l1 he has at la/ tak5 hold ( ! c[3 ,b h[ wild h] w1 ungov]nable h] p[]6 ,at times %e /ruts up a plateau1 ,:5 lo6 %e is lo/ 9 a mi/y unp5etrable m\nta9-pass4 ,v ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a p]son lead+ a c[ ) a rope face p4 #cfa ,h]d+ ! ,c[4 ,:5 a ?\ght moves1 ano!r foll[s1 & !n ano!r--!re is ?us awak5$ an endless tra9 ( ?\ghts4 ,?r\gh enlight5m5t all ?is turns into tru?2 b falsehood ass]ts itself :5 confusion prevails4 ,?+s oppress u n because ( an objective _w1 b because ( a self-deceiv+ m9d4 ,d n get ! nose-/r+ loose1 hold x tight1 & all[ y\rself no indulg5ce4 ,nev] let y\rself be sep>at$ f ! :ip & ! te!r1 ,le/ %e %\ld w&] away into a _w ( defilem5t3 ,:5 %e is prop]ly t5d$1 %e w gr[ pure & docile1 ,ev5 )\t *a91 no?+ b9d+1 %e w by h]self foll[ y4 ,,vi ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a p]son rid+ a c[ face p4 #cfb ,com+ ,home on ! ,c['s ,back4 ,! /ruggle is ov]2 ga9 & loss1 he is no m conc]n$ )4 ,he hums a ru/ic tune ( ! woodman1 he s+s simple songs ( ! village-boy4 ,saddl+ himself on ! c['s back1 8 eyes are fix$ at ?+s n ( ! e>?1 e>?y4 ,ev5 if he is call$ to1 he w n turn 8 head2 h[ev] entic$ he w no m be kept back4 ,rid+ ! c[ he leisurely w5ds 8 way home3 ,envelop$ 9 ! ev5+ mi/1 h[ tunefully ! flute vani%es away6 ,s++ a ditty1 beat+ "t1 8 he>t is fill$ ) a joy indescribable6 ,t he is n[ "o ( ^? :o "k1 ne$ x be told8 ,,vii ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a p]son sitt+ outside a ?at*$-ro($ h\se face p4 #cfc ,! ,c[ ,=gott51 ,leav+ ! ,man ,alone4 ,?+s are "o & ! c[ is symbolic4 ,:5 y "k t :at y ne$ is n ! sn>e or set-net b ! h>e or fi%1 x is l gold sep>at$ f ! dross1 x is l ! moon ris+ out ( ! cl\ds4 ,! "o ray ( light s]5e & p5etrat+ %9es ev5 be=e days ( creation4 ,rid+ on ! c[ he is at la/ back 9 8 home1 ,:]e lo6 !re is no m ! c[1 & h[ s]5ely he sits all alone6 ,?\gh ! r$ sun is high up 9 ! sky1 he seems to be /ill quietly asleep1 ,"u a /raw-?at*$ ro( are 8 :ip & rope idly ly+ beside him4 ,,viii ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ) j a :ite backgr\nd face p4 #cfd ,! ,c[ & ! ,man ,bo? ,gone out ( ,sight4 ,all confusion is set aside1 & s]5ity alone prevails2 ev5 ! idea ( hol9ess does n obta94 ,he does n l+] ab\t :]e ! ,buddha is1 & z to :]e !re is no ,buddha he spe$ily passes on4 ,:5 !re exi/s no =m ( dualism1 ev5 a ?\s&-ey$ "o fails to detect a loophole4 ,a hol9ess be=e :i* birds (f] fl[]s is b a f>ce4f#aff ,all is empty1 ! :ip1 ! rope1 ! man1 & ! c[3 ,:o has ev] survey$ ! va/ness ( heav58 ,ov] ! furnace burn+ ablaze1 n a flake ( sn[ c fall3 ,:5 ?is /ate ( ?+s obta9s1 manife/ is ! _s ( ! anci5t ma/]4 ,,ix ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a %ore l9e face p4 #cfe ,return+ to ! ,orig91 ,back to ! ,s\rce4 ,f ! v beg9n+1 pure & immaculate1 he has nev] be5 affect$ by defilem5t4 ,he calmly wat*es ! gr[? & decay ( ?+s ) =m1 :ile himself abid+ 9 ! immovable s]5ity ( non-ass]tion4 ,:5 he does n id5tify himself ) magic-l trans=mations1 :at has he to d ) artificialities ( self-discipl9e8 ,! wat] fl[s blue1 ! m\nta9 t[]s gre54 ,sitt+ alone1 he obs]ves ?+s und]go+ *anges4 ,to return to ! ,orig91 to be back at ! ,s\rce--already a false /ep ?is6 ,f> bett] x is to /ay home1 bl9d & deaf1 /raightway & )\t mu* ado1 ,sitt+ )9 ! hut he takes no cognisance ( ?+s outside1 ,behold ! wat] fl[+ on--:i!r nobody kn[s2 & ^? fl[]s r$ & fre%--= :om are !y8 ,x ,illu/ration3 ,draw+ ( a monk c>ry+ a sack & basket pass+ by a fi%]man face p4 #cff ,ent]+ ! ,city ) ,bliss-be/[+ ,h&s4 ,8 humble cottage door is clos$1 & ! wise/ "k him n4 ,no glimpses ( 8 inn] life are to be caught2 = he goes on 8 own way )\t foll[+ ! /eps ( ! anci5t sages4 ,c>ry+ a g\rd he goes out into ! m>ket1 lean+ aga9/ a /ick he comes home4 ,he is f\nd 9 company ) w9e-bibb]s & but*]s1 he & !y are all conv]t$ into ,buddhas4 ,b>e-*e/$ & b>e-foot$1 he comes out into ! m>ket-place2 ,daub$ ) mud & a%es1 h[ broadly he smiles6 ,!re is no ne$ = ! miracul\s p[] ( ! gods1 ,= he t\*es1 & lo6 ! dead trees come into full bloom4 ,,*9ese ,,notes ,,*9ese ,,notes 7,note3 ,"h are giv5 all ! pr9cipal ,*9ese *>act]s & quotations 9 ord] to facilitate ! id5tification ( ! orig9al t]ms & passages f\nd 9 ! text :]e !y are giv5 9 _! ,japanese pronunciation or 9 ! m&>9 dialect g5]ally accord+ to ! ,wade sy/em4 ,! s\rces ( ! ,*9ese quotations are also giv5 = ! b5efit ( ^? read]s :o wi% to /udy ! subject fur!r 9 ! orig9al47 ,,preface #a4 4 #b4 4 ,,introduction #a4a4 4 4 4 4 #a4b4 7di$1 #hfg74 #a4c4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4d4 7di$1 #hej74 #a4e4 7di$1 #idi74 #a4f4 4 #a4g4 4 #a4h4 4 #a4i4 4 4 4 4 #a4aj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4aa4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4ab4 774 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4ac4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4ad4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4ae4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4af4 747 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4ag4 4 4 4 4 #a4ah4 7#hec-icb7 4 4 747 #a4ai4 774 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4bj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7 47 #a4ba4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4bb4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4bc4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4bd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4be4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4bf4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #a4bg4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,,z5 ,,z ,,! ,,*9ese ,,int]pretation ,,( ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,enlight5m5t4 #b4a4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ''''''4 4 4 4 4 ''''''4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ''''''747 7#gdh-hcd74 4 4 #b4b4 4 4 4 4 4 #b4c4 4 #b4d4 7,i7 4 4 4 4 4 7,,ii7 4 4 4 4 7,,iii7 4 4 4 4 4 #b4e4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #b4f4 4 4 4 4 747 #b4g4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #b4h4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #b4i4 4 4 4 4 #b4aj4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #b4aa4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #b4ab4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 ,,enlight5m5t ,,& ,,ignorance #c4a4 4 4 4 4 747 #c4b4 4 #c4c4 4 #c4d4 4 #c4e4 4 #c4f4 4 #c4g4 4 #c4h4 4 #c4i4 4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,z5 ,,buddhism ,,f ,,bodhi-,,dh>ma ,,to ,,hui-,,n5g 7,,y5o7 #d4a4 4 4 4 4 4 #d4b4 4 4 #d4c4 4 4 #d4d4 4 #d4e4 4 #d4f4 4 #d4g4 4 #d4h4 4 #d4i4 4 #d4aj4 4 4 4 4 #d4aa4 4 4 4 4 #d4ab4 4 4 4 4 #d4ac4 4 4 4 4 #d4ad4 4 4 4 4 #d4ae4 4 4 4 4 #d4af4 7#ggh-hig74 #d4ag4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4ah4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4ai4 7,bodhi-,dh>ma74 #d4bj4 4 4 #d4ba4 7#gdh-hcd74 #d4bb4 7-#ghh74 7#gbj-had74 7-#hej74 7#gjj-gij74 7#gea-hcd74 #d4bc4 4 4 #d4bd4 4 4 #d4be4 4 #d4bf4 4 #d4bg4 4 #d4bh4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4bi4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4bi;a4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4cj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4ca4 4 #d4cb4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4cc4 4 #d4cd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4ce4 7#dhf-eic74 #d4cf4 4 #d4cg4 4 4 4 4 #d4ch4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4ci4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4dj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4da4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #d4db4 4 #d4dc4 7#eid-feg74 #d4dd4 7#fja-fge74 #d4de4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4df4 or 7#dah-ead74 #d4dg4 or 7#dig-efi74 #d4dh4 7#fcg-gac74 #d4di4 7di$1 #gjf74 #d4ej4 4 4 4 4 #d4ea4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4eb4 4 #d4ec4 4 #d4ed4 4 4 4 4 4 #d4ee4 4 4 4 4 #d4ef4 4 4 #d4eg4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4eh4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4ei4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4fj4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4fa4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4fb4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4fc4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4fd4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4fe4 ''''''4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #d4ff4 7-#gdj74 7#fgg-gdd74 ,,on ,,satori #e4a4 4 #e4b4 4 #e4c4 4 #e4d4 4 #e4e4 4 #e4f4 4 #e4g4 4 #e4h4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4i4 4 #e4aj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4aa4 4 #e4ab4 7#ggi-hfe74 #e4ac4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4ad4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4ae4 7#ajhi-aafc74 #e4af44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4ag4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4ah4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4ai4 4 #e4bj4 4 4 4 #e4ba4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4bb4 4 #e4bc4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4bd4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4be4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4bf4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4bg4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4bh4 4 77 4 774 4 774 747 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 74 4 47 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4bi4 4 #e4cj4 7#abch-abhe74 #e4ca4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #e4cb4 4 #e4cc4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #e4cd4 77 4 4 4 #e4ce4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4cf4 7#afhc-agfh74 #e4cg4 4 #e4ch4 4 #e4ci4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4dj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4da4 4 4 4 4 #e4db4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4dc4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #e4dd4 74 4 47 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 ,,practical ,,me?ods ,,( ,,z5 ,,in/ruction #f4a4 7or 74 #f4b4 4 4 4 4 4 774 #f4c4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4d4 7#ibf-iic74 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4e4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4f4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4g4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4h4 7 #dig-efi7 4 4 4 4 #f4i4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4aj4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4aa4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ab4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #f4ac4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #f4ad4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ae4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4af4 4 4 4 747 #f4ag4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ah4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ai4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4bj4 4 4 4 4 #f4ba4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4bb4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4bc4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4bd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 74 47 #f4be4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4bf4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4bg4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4bh4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4bi4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4cj4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ca4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4cb4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4cc4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4cd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #f4cd;a4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ce4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4cf4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4cg4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ch4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ci4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4dj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #f4da4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4db4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4dc4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4dd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4de4 4 4 4 4 4 4 74 4 4 47 747 #f4df4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4dg4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4dh4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4di4 4 4 4 747 #f4ej4 4 4 4 #f4ea4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7874 747 #f4eb4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ec4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ed4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ee4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ef4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4eg4 4 4 4 747 #f4eh4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ei4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4fj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4fa4 4 4 #f4fb4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4fc4 4 4 747 #f4fd4 4 4 747 #f4fe4 4 4 747 #f4ff4 7#hjf-hhh74 747 #f4fg4 7#gfh-hce74 747 #f4fh4 4 747 #f4fi4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4gj4 4 4 4 4 4 4 774 4 4 4 747 #f4ga4 774 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4gb4 7di$ #ija74 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4gc4 4 4 4 747 #f4gd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4ge4 4 747 #f4gf4 4 747 #f4gg4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #f4gh4 ----4 747 #f4gi4 ----4 4 747 #f4hj4 7#ajja-ajfi74 7d4 #ajdi74 ,,! ,,m$itation ,,hall ,,& ,,! ,,ideals ,,( ,,! ,,monki% ,,discipl9e #g4a4 4 #g4b4 4 #g4c4 4 #g4d4 4 #g4e4 4 4 747 #g4f4 4 #g4g4 4 #g4h4 4 4 #g4i4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #g4aj4 4 #g4aa4 4 4 #g4ab4 4 ----4 747 #g4ac4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4ad4 4 4 747 #g4ae4 7#gii-hhj74 4 747 #g4af4 4 77 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4ag4 77 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4ah4 4 4 #g4ai4 4 747 #g4bj4 ----4 ----4 747 #g4ba4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4bb4 7#aece-afae74 747 #g4bc4 4 #g4bd4 7or 7 4 #g4be4 4 4 #g4bf4 4 #g4bg4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #g4bh4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #g4bi4 4 #g4cj4 7#afdb-agba74 747 #g4ca4 4 #g4cb4 4 #g4cc4 7#faf-gjj74 4 #g4cd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4ce4 4 4 77 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4cf4 77 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4cg4 7( ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,sung74 4 4 4 4 747 #g4ch4 4 7#hfg-ibh47 4 4 4 4 747 #g4ci4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4dj4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4da4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4db4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4dc4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4dd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4de4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4df4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 #g4dg4 4 4 4 4 747 ,,! ,,t5 ,,c[-,,h]d+ ,,pictures #h4a4 7#fgg-gdd74 4 747 #h4b4 4 #h4c4 4 #h4d4 7di$ #hhc74 4 4 4 4 77 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 747 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,,footnotes f#a ,z x 0 n exp$i5t to set up ,*9ese type 9 ,engl&1 special ,*9ese notes at ! end ( ! book h be5 prep>$ 9 ,japan1 9 :i* are f\nd all ! ,*9ese *>act]s consid]$ by ! au?or useful = s*ol>s' ref]5ce4 ,! sup]ior figures ?r\gh\t ! pres5t "w po9t to ! ,*9ese notes 9 ! ,app5dix4 f#b ,"o ( ! popul> lectures prep>$ by ! au?or = /ud5ts ( ,buddhism1 #aiaa4 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,! ,ea/]n ,buddhi/1 "u ! title1 8,z5 ,buddhism z ,purifi] & ,lib]ator ( ,life40 ,s9ce x treats ( ,z5 9 its g5]al aspect1 ,i h decid$ to make x s]ve z ,introduction to ?is book4 f#c ,see also ! ,essay entitl$ 8,hi/ory ( ,z5 ,buddhism10 p4 #aea ff4 f#d ,! f\nd] ( ! ,r9zai ,s*ool ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 di$ #hfg4 f#e ,! f\nd] ( ! ,ummon ,s*ool ( ,z5 ,buddhism1 di$ #iif4 f#f ,lit]ally1 an old clumsy gimlet ( ! ,*#89 dyna/y4 f#g ,z5 has its own way ( practis+ m$itations s call$1 = ! ,z5 me?ods are to be di/+ui%$ f :at is popul>ly or ,h9ayani/ically und]/ood by ! t]m4 ,z5 has no?+ to d ) m]e quietism or los+ oneself 9 trance4 ,i may h an occasion to speak m ab\t ! subject else:]e4 f#h ,see also ! ,essay entitl$1 8,practical ,me?ods ( ,z5 ,in/ruction40 f#i ,orig9ally a mosquito driv] 9 ,india4 f#aj ,a bamboo /ick a few feet long4 f#aa ,also a /ick or baton fancifully %ap$ & made ( all k9ds ( mat]ial4 ,x means lit]ally 8z "o wi%es or ?9ks10 7c9ta1 9 ,sanskrit74 f#ab ,?is rem9ds "o ( ! rem>ks made by ! ma/] ,t5 7,*an71 ( ,h(uku 7,pao-fu71 :o1 see+ a monk approa*1 took up 8 /aff & /ruck a pill>1 & !n ! monk4 ,:5 ! monk naturally cri$ ) pa91 said ! ma/]1 8,h[ is x t ?is does n get hurt80 7,see ,*9ese ,notes1 #a4be47 f#ac ,hekigan%u is a collection ( "o hundr$ 8cases0 ) ,sec*o's 7,hseh-t\7 poetical comm5ts & ,y5go's p>tly explanatory & p>tly critical annotations4 ,! book 0 br\ght to ,japan dur+ ! ,kamakura era1 & ev] s9ce x is "o ( ! mo/ important text-books ( ,z51 especially = ! foll[]s ( ! ,r9zai s*ool4 f#ad ,gutei 0 a disciple ( ,t5ryu 7,t#8i5-lung71 probably t[>ds ! end ( ! ,t#8ang dyna/y4 ,:ile he 0 fir/ resid+ 9 a small temple1 he _h a visit f a travell+ nun1 :o came "r into ! temple )\t remov+ h] headge>4 ,c>ry+ h] /aff ) h]1 %e w5t ?ree times ar\nd ! m$itation *air 9 :i* ,gutei 0 sitt+4 ,!n %e said to him1 8,say a ^w ( ,z51 & ,i %all take (f my hat40 ,%e repeat$ ?is ?ree times1 b ,gutei did n "k :at to say4 ,:5 ! nun 0 ab\t to dep>t1 ,gutei sugge/$1 8,x is gr[+ late1 & :y n /ay "h ov] night80 ,jissai 7,%ih-*i71 :i* 0 ! "n ( ! nun1 said1 8,if y say a ^w ( ,z51 ,i %all /ay40 ,z he 0 /ill unable to say a ^w1 %e left4 ,?is 0 a t]rible bl[ on poor ,gutei1 :o pitifully sigh$3 8,:ile ,i h ! =m ( a man1 ,i seem n to h any manly /am9a60 ,he !n resolv$ to /udy & ma/] ,z54 ,:5 he 0 ab\t to />t on 8 ,z5 8w&]+s0 he _h a vision ( ! m\nta9 god :o told him n to g away f 8 temple1 = a ,bodhisattva 9 fle% w\ld be com+ "h be=e long & enlight5 him 9 ! tru? ( ,z54 ,surely en\gh a ,z5 ma/] call$ ,t5ryu 7,t#8i5-lung7 appe>$ ! foll[+ day4 ,gutei told ! ma/] all ab\t ! humiliat+ exp]i5ce ( ! previ\s day & 8 firm resolution to atta9 ! secrets ( ,z54 ,t5ryu j lift$ "o ( 8 f+]s & said no?+4 ,?is h[ev] 0 en\gh to op5 ,gutei's m9d at once to ! ultimate mean+ ( ,z51 & x is said t ev] s9ce ,gutei did or said no?+ b j hold+ up a f+] to all ! que/ions t might be ask$ ( him conc]n+ ,z54 ,!re 0 a boy 9 8 temple1 :o see+ ! ma/]'s trick imitat$ him :5 ! boy himself 0 ask$ ab\t :at k9d ( prea*+ 8 ma/] g5]ally practis$4 ,:5 ! boy told ! ma/] ab\t x %[+ 8 lift$ little f+]1 ! ma/] cut x "r (f ) a knife4 ,! boy ran away scream+ 9 pa9 :5 ,gutei call$ him back4 ,! boy turn$ back1 ! ma/] lift$ 8 own f+]1 & ! boy in/antly realis$ ! mean+ ( ! 8"o f+] ,z50 ( ,t5ryu z well z ,gutei4 f#ae ,comp>e ?is ) ! /atem5t made by ! six? patri>* himself :5 he 0 ask$ h[ x 0 t he came to succe$ ! fif? patri>* 8,because ,i d n und]/& ,buddhism40 ,let me also cite a passage f ! ,k5a-,upani%ad1 9 :i* ! read]s may f9d a s+ul> co9cid5ce betwe5 ! ,brahman se] & ^? ,z5 ma/]s1 n only 9 ?\ght b 9 ! way x is express$3 8,x is conceiv$ ( by him by :om x is n conceiv$ (2 ,he by :om ,x is conceiv$ (1 kn[s ,x n4 ,x is n und]/ood by ^? :o und]/& ,x2 ,x is und]/ood by ^? :o und]/& ,x n40 ,lao-tz1 f\nd] ( ,taoi/ my/icism1 brea!s ! same _s :5 he says3 8,he :o kn[s x speaks n1 he :o speaks kn[s n40 f#af ,! conception ( ,dh>makya ap>t f ! physical body 7rpakya7 ( ! ,buddha 0 logically inevitable1 z we read 9 ! ,ekott>a-gama1 ,,xliv41 8,! ,life ( ! kyamuni-,buddha is extremely long1 ! reason is t :ile 8 physical body ent]s into ,nirvana1 8 ,law-body exi/s40 ,b ! ,dh>makya c\ld n be made to function directly ^u suff]+ s\ls1 z x 0 too ab/ract & transc5d5tal2 !y want$ some?+ m concrete & tangible t[>ds :i* !y c\ld feel p]sonally intimate4 ,h5ce ! conception ( ano!r ,buddha-body1 t is1 ,sambhogakya-,buddha or ,vipkaja-,buddha1 complet+ ! dogma ( ! ,triple ,body 7,trikya74 f#ag ,! absolute fai? ,%9ran _h 9 ! tea*+ ( ,hn5 z is evid5c$ 9 ?is quotation proves t ! ,%9 sect is ! result ( ,%9ran's inn] exp]i5ce & n ! reason$ product ( 8 philosophy4 ,8 exp]i5ce came fir/1 & to expla9 x to himself z well z to communicate x to o!rs1 he resort$ to v>i\s ,sutras = v]ification4 ,! ,tea*+1 ,practice1 ,fai?1 & ,atta9m5t 0 ?us writt5 by him giv+ an intellectual & scriptural f\ndation to ! ,%9-%u fai?4 ,9 religion z 9 o!r affairs ( human life1 belief prec$es reason+4 ,x is important n to =get ?is fact :5 trac+ ! developm5t ( ideas4 f#ah ,?is 0 v well und]/ood by ! ,buddha himself :5 he fir/ atta9$ ,enlight5m5t2 he knew t :at he realis$ 9 8 enlight5$ /ate ( m9d c\ld n be imp>t$ to o!rs1 & t if x 7 imp>t$ !y c\ld n und]/& x4 ,?is 0 ! reason :y he 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 religi\s c>e] express$ ! desire to ent] into ,nirvana )\t try+ to revolve ! ,:eel ( ! ,dh>ma4 ,we read 9 "o ( ! ,sutras belong+ to ! ,agama class ( ,buddhi/ lit]ature1 :i* is entitl$ ,sutra on ! ,cause & ,effect 9 ! ,pa/ & ,pres5t 7fas4 ,,ii473 8,my orig9al v[s are fulfill$1 ! ,dh>ma or ,tru? ,i h atta9$ is too deep = ! und]/&+4 ,a ,buddha alone is able to und]/& :at is 9 ! m9d ( ano!r ,buddha4 ,9 ?is age ( ! ,five ,ta9ts 7paca-ka%y71 all be+s are envelop$ 9 gre$1 ang]1 folly1 falsehood1 arrogance1 & flatt]y2 !y h few bless+s & are /upid & h no und]/&+ to compreh5d ! ,dh>ma ,i h atta9$4 ,ev5 if ,i make ! ,dh>ma-,:eel revolve1 !y w\ld surely be confus$ & incapable ( accept+ x4 ,!y may on ! contr>y indulge 9 defamation1 &1 !reby fall+ into ! evil pa?s1 suff] all k9ds ( pa94 ,x is be/ = me to rema9 quiet & ent] into ,nirvana40 ,9 ! ,sutra on ! ,/ory ( ! ,discipl9e1 :i* is consid]$ an e>li] translation ( ! prec$+ text & 0 r5d]$ into ,*9ese by an ,indian ,buddhi/ s*ol>1 ,ta-li & a ,tibetan1 ,mang-siang1 9 ,a4,d4 #aig1 no ref]5ce is yet made to ! ,buddha's resolution to keep sil5t ab\t 8 ,enlight5m5t1 only t :at he atta9$ 0 all-k :i* 0 beyond ! und]/&+ & c\ld n be expla9$1 z its height 0 unscalable & its dep? unfa?omable1 conta9+ ! :ole univ]se 9 x & yet p5etrat+ into ! unp5etrable04444 ,cf4 ! ,mahpadna ,suttanta 7,dgha ,nikya1 ,,xiv71 & ! ,ariyap>iyesana ,suttam 7,majjhima1 ,,xxvi74 f#ai ,cf4 ,sayukta gama 7,*9ese71 ,fas4 ,,xxxii4 f#bj ,t ! p]sonality ( ! ,buddha 0 an object ( admiration & wor%ip z mu* z1 or p]haps m ?an1 8 extraord9>y intellectual attributes1 is glean$ ?r\gh\t ! ,agama lit]ature4 ,to quote "o or two in/ances3 8,:5 ,subha-,mnava ,todeyyaputta saw ! ,bless$ ,"o sitt+ 9 ! woods1 ! ,brahman 0 /ruck ) ! beautiful s]5ity ( 8 p]sonality :i* mo/ radiantly %one l ! moon among ! />s2 8 features 7 p]fect1 gl[+ l a gold5 m\nta92 8 dignity 0 maje/ic ) all 8 s5ses "u p]fect control1 s tranquil & free f all becl\d+ passions1 & s absolutely calm ) 8 m9d subdu$ & quietly discipl9$40 7,! ,middle gama1 fas4 ,,xxxviii47 ,?is admiration ( 8 p]sonality lat] develop$ into ! deification ( 8 be+1 & all ! evils moral & physical 7 suppos$ to be w>d$ (f if "o ?\ght ( him or 8 virtues4 8,:5 ^? be+s :o practis$ evil de$s ) _! bodies1 m\?s1 or m9ds1 ?9k ( ! m]its ( ! ,ta?agata at ! mom5t ( _! dea?s1 !y w\ld be kept away f ! ?ree evil pa?s & born 9 ! heav5s2 ev5 ! vile/ w\ld be born 9 ! heav5s40 7,! ,ekott>a gama1 fas4 ,,xxxii47 8,:]ev] ramaa ,gautama appe>s1 no evil spirits or demons c approa* him2 !re=e let u invite him "h & all ^? evil gods :o h be5 h>rass+ u w\ld by !mselves take to _! heels40 7,loc4 cit47 ,x 0 q natural = ! ,buddhi/s t !y lat] made ! ,buddha ! fir/ object ( ,recollection 7smti71 :i*1 !y ?\ght1 w\ld keep _! m9ds f w&]+ away & help !m realise ! f9al aim ( ! ,buddhi/ life4 ,^! /atem5ts pla9ly demon/rate t :ile on ! "o h& ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha 0 accept$ by 8 foll[]s z ! ,dh>ma beautiful 9 ! beg9n+1 beautiful 9 ! middle1 & beautiful 9 ! end1 8 p]son 0 on ! o!r h& reg>d$ z fill$ ) miracul\s p[]s & div9e virtues1 s t 8 m]e pres5ce 0 en\gh to create a mo/ auspici\s atmosph]e n only spiritually b mat]ially4 f#ba ,:5 ! ,buddha ent]$ ,nirvana1 ! monks cri$1 8,too soon has ! ,ta?agata pass$ away1 too soon has ! ,_w-hon\r$ ,"o pass$ away1 too soon has ! ,great ,law di$ out2 all be+s are =ev] left to mis]y2 = ! ,eye ( ! ,_w is gone40 ,_! lam5tation 0 beyond description1 !y lay on ! gr\nd l great trees ) roots1 /ems1 & bran*es all torn & brok5 to pieces1 !y roll$ & wriggl$ l a sla9 snake4 ,su* excessive expressions ( grief 7 q natural = ^? ,buddhi/s ^: he>ts 7 direct$ t[>ds ! p]sonality ( _! ma/] m ?an t[>ds 8 sane & rationali/ic tea*+s1 ,cf4 ! ,pali ,p>9ibbna-suttanta4 f#bb ,= a m or less detail$ acc\nt ( ! v>i\s ,buddhi/ s*ools t came up )9 a few c5turies aft] ! ,buddha1 see ,vasumitra's ,samayabh$o-p>acana-cakra4 ,pr(essor ,suisai ,funaha%i rec5tly publi%$ an excell5t comm5t>y on ?is book4 f#bc ,cf4 ,! ,sukhvat-vyha 7edit$ by ,max ,mll] & ,b4 ,nanjio71 p4 #g1 :]e we h3 8,buddhasv>o anantagho%ah10 t is1 ! ,buddha's voice is ( inf9ite s\nds4 ,see also ! ,saddh>ma-puarka 7p4 #abh7 :]e we read3 8,sv>ea caik5a vadmi dh>mam10 ,i prea* ! law ) "o voice4 ,! p>able ( ! wat] ( "o ta/e 7ek>asa vri7 v>i\sly produc+ h]bs1 %rubs1 & o!rs1 is v well kn[n among ! ,mahayani/s4 f#bd ,"h we f9d ! ju/ification ( a 8my/ic0 int]pretation ( ! sacr$ books ( any religion4 ,! ,sw$5borgian doctr9e ( ,correspond5ce ?us gr[s illum9at+4 ,! philosophy ( ,%+on my/icism some:at reflects ! idea ( correspond5ce1 ?\gh naturally x is bas$ on a diff]5t set ( philosophical ideas4 ,v>ieties ( int]pretation are always possible 9 any?+ n only because ( ! pres5ce ( ! subjective elem5t 9 e judgm5t1 b because ( inf9ite complications ( objective relation%ip4 f#be ,cf4 su* ,sutras z ! ,tevijja1 ,mahli1 ,brahmajla1 etc4 9 ! ,dgha ,nikya4 ,see also ! ,sutta ,nipta1 especially ! ,at?akavagga1 :i* is "o ( ! e>lie/ ,buddhi/ texts 9 our possession at pres5t4 ,!re we read ab\t 8,ajjhattasanti0 7inw>d peace7 :i* _c be atta9$ by philosophy1 nor by tradition1 nor by good de$s4 f#bf ,t ! ,buddha nev] neglect$ to impress 8 disciples ) ! idea t ! ultimate tru? 0 to be realis$ by & 9 oneself1 is evid5c$ ?r\gh\t ! ,agamas4 ,ev]y:]e we enc\nt] ) su* phrases z 8)\t dep5d+ ^u ano!r1 he believ$1 or ?\ght1 or dissolv$ 8 d\bts1 or atta9$ self-confid5ce 9 ! ,law40 ,f ?is self-det]m9ation foll[$ ! consci\sness t "o _h all "o's evil leakages 7srava7 /opp$ or dra9$ (f1 culm9at+ 9 ! realisation ( ,arhat%ip--:i* is ! goal ( ,buddhi/ life4 f#bg ,! ,dialogue ( ! ,buddha1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,buddhi/s1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #bi4 f#bh ,9 fact1 ! t]m1 praj or 9 paia ,pali1 is n an exclusive possession ( ! ,mahayani/s1 = x is also fully us$ by _! rival disciples ( ! ,buddha4 ,! latt] h[ev] fail$ to lay any special emphasis on ! idea ( enlight5m5t & its supreme significance 9 ! body ( ,buddhism1 & z ! consequ5ce ,praj 0 comp>atively neglect$ by ! ,h9ayani/s4 ,mahayanism on ! o!r h& may be designat$ z ! religion ( ,praj p> excell5ce4 ,x is ev5 deifi$ & mo/ rev]5tly wor%ipp$4 f#bi ,?is is no o!r ?an 8! op5+ ( ! pure eye ( ! ,dh>ma0 7viraja vtamala dhamma-cakkhum udapdi71 frequ5tly ref]r$ to 9 ! ,agamas :5 "o atta9s to ,arhat%ip4 f#cj ,read1 = in/ance1 *ap4 ,,xv41 entitl$ 8,duration ( ,life ( ! ,ta?agata40 f#ca ,dhammanadam1 #aec1 #aed4 f#cb ,ata etasmt kraan mahmate may$am ukta3 y ca rtri ta?gato 'bhisambuddho y ca rtri p>9irvsyati atrnt>a ekam api ak%>a ta?gat5a na udhita na udh>i%yati4--,lakvatra1 ,*ap4 ,,iii41 p4 #add4 ,see also ,*apt] ,,vii41 p4 #bdj4 7,= ?is reason1 ,o ,mahmati1 ,i say unto y3 ,dur+ ! "t t elaps$ betwe5 ! night ( ! ,ta?agata's ,enlight5m5t & ! night ( 8 entrance into ,nirvana1 n "o ^w1 n "o /atem5t 0 giv5 out by him47 f#cc ,accord+ to ,avagho%a's ,awak5+ ( ,fai?1 ,ignorance means ! sudd5 awak5+ ( a ?\ght 7citta7 9 consci\sness4 ,?is may be v>i\sly int]pret$1 b z long z ,ignorance is conceiv$1 n z a process requir+ a c]ta9 duration ( "t1 b an ev5t in/antane\sly tak+ place1 its disappe>ance :i* is enlight5m5t mu/ also be an in/antane\s happ5+4 f#cd ,?is is ! usual =mula giv5 z ! qualification ( an ,arhat1 to be met ) ?r\gh\t ! ,nikyas4 f#ce ,*apt] ,,ii41 8,on ,skilfullness40 f#cf ,9 ?is connection x may n be amiss to say a ^w ab\t :at is kn[n 9 ,buddhism z ! 8act ( no-ef=t or no-purpose0 7anbhogac>y7 or 8! orig9al v[s ( no-purpose0 7anbhogapraidhna74 ,?is corresponds1 if ,i judge rightly1 to ! ,*ri/ian idea ( n lett+ ! "r h& "k :at ! left h& is do+4 ,:5 _s atta9s to ! reality ( enlight5m5t & z a result is ?or\ghly purifi$ ( all defilem5ts1 intellectual & affective1 x gr[s s p]fect t :atev] x does is pure1 unselfi%1 & conducive to ! welf>e ( ! _w4 ,s long z we are consci\s ( ! ef=ts we make 9 try+ to ov]come our selfi% impulses & passions1 !re is a ta9t ( con/ra9t & artificiality1 :i* int]f]es ) spiritual innoc5ce & fre$om1 & love :i* is ! native virtue ( an enlight5$ _s _c "w out all t is impli$ 9 x & meant to be ex]cis$ = ! pres]vation ( itself4 ,! 8orig9al v[s0 are ! cont5t ( love & beg9 to be op]ative1 anabhoga 7un-purposely71 only :5 enlight5m5t is really creative4 ,?is is :]e religi\s life diff]s f m]e morality1 ?is is :]e ! m]e enunciation ( ! ,law ( ,orig9ation 7prattya-samutpda7 does n con/itute ,buddhi/ life1 & ?is is :]e ,z5 ,buddhism ma9ta9s its reason ( exi/5ce aga9/ ! alleg$ positivism ( ! ,h9ayana & aga9/ ! alleg$ nihilism ( ! ,praj-pramit s*ool4 f#cg ,dialogues ( ! ,buddha1 ,"p ,,iii41 p4 #ce4 f#ch ,dialogues ( ! ,buddha1 ,"p ,i41 p4 #hb4 f#ci ,! ,pali text t w correspond to ?is ,*9ese ,sutra 9 ! ,drgha-gama is ! ,kevaddha ,sutta1 b ! passage quot$ "h is miss+4 ,see also ! ,lohicca 7,l\-*7 & ,smaa-phala 9 ! ,*9ese gamas1 9 :i* ! ,buddha tells h[ ess5tial ! life ( a recluse is to ! realisation ( enlight5m5t & ! de/ruction ( ! evil passions4 ,con/ant application1 e>ne/ conc5tration1 & vigilant wat*fulness--)\t ^! no ,buddhi/s are ev] expect$ to atta9 ! end ( _! lives4 f#dj ,! r5d]+ is by ,rhys ,davids :o /ates 9 ! footnote3 8,! ^w ,i h "h r5d]$ #8e>ne/ contemplation' is ,samadhi1 :i* occupies 9 ! ,five ,nikayas v mu* ! same position z fai? does 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & ?is section %[s t ! relative importance ( ,samdhi1 ,pa1 & la play$ a "p 9 e>ly ,buddhism j z ! di/9ction betwe5 fai?1 reason1 & works did aft]w>ds 9 ,we/]n !ology4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a passage 9 :i* ! ,buddhi/ view ( ! relation ( ^! conflict+ ideas is /at$ ) great] beauty ( ?\ght1 or equal succ9ctness ( =m40 ,b :y conflict+8 f#da ,"o hundr$ & eight samadhis are enum]at$ 9 ! ,mahvyutpatti4 ,else:]e we read ( 8innum]able samadhis40 ,indians h be5 great adepts 9 ?is ex]cise1 & _m wond]ful spirituali/ic a*ievem5ts are (t5 report$4 f#db ,?is s]ies ( dhyanas has also be5 adopt$ by ,buddhi/s1 especially by ,h9ayani/s4 ,no d\bt ! ,mahayana conception ( dhyana is d]iv$ or r has develop$ f !m1 & h[ mu* x diff]s f ! ,h9ayana dhyanas w be se5 lat] z we g on4 ,! detail$ description ( ^! dhyanas is giv5 9 ! ,agamas2 see = in/ance ! ,smaa-phala ,sutta 9 :i* ! fruits ( ! life ( a recluse are discuss$4 ,^! m5tal ex]cises 7 n /rictly ,buddhi/ic1 !y 7 taught & practis$ m or less by all ,indian philosoph]s & m5dicants4 ,! ,buddha1 h[ev]1 0 n satisfi$ ) !m1 because !y w\ld n br+ out ! result he 0 s anxi\s to h1 t is1 !y 7 n conducive to enlight5m5t4 ,?is 0 ! reason :y he left 8 two old tea*]s1 ,arada & ,udraka1 "u :om he fir/ began 8 homeless life4 f#dc ,= example1 ! t5 subjects = m$itation are3 ,buddha1 ,dh>ma1 ,sangha1 ,morality1 ,*>ity1 ,heav51 ,s]5ity1 ,brea?+1 ,imp]man5ce1 & ,dea?4 ,! five subjects ( tranquillisation are3 ,impurity1 ,compassion1 ,brea?+1 ,orig9ation1 & ,buddha4 ,! f\r subjects ( recollection are3 ,impurity ( ! ,body1 ,evils ( ! ,s5ses1 ,con/ant ,*ange ( ,?\ght1 & ,transitor9ess ( ,exi/5ce4 f#dd ,lakvatra1 ,nanjo ,edition1 p1 #gg4 f#de ,!re is h[ev] a ,sutra 9 ! ,sayukta gama1 fas4 ,,xxxiii41 p4 #ic;b 7,angutt>a-,nikya1 ,,xi41 #aj71 deal+ ) true dhyana 7jnya-jhna7 :i* is to be di/+ui%$ f untra9$ dhyana 7khauka-jhna74 ,! latt] is comp>$ to an ill-discipl9$ horse 7khauka7 kept 9 ! /able t ?9ks no?+ ( 8 duties b only ( ! fodd] he is to enjoy4 ,9 a simil> way dhyana c nev] be practis$ successfully by ^? :o und]take ! ex]cise m]ely = ! satisfaction ( _! selfi% objects2 = su* w nev] come to und]/& ! tru? z x is4 ,if emancipation & true k are desir$1 ang]1 sleep9ess1 worry+1 & d\bt ought to be got rid (1 & !n ! dhyana c be atta9$ t does n dep5d ^u any ( ! elem5ts1 or space1 or consci\sness1 or no?+ness1 or un?9kability--! dhyana t is n dep5d5t ^u ?is _w or t _w or ! heav5ly bodies1 or ^u he>+ or see+ or recollect+ or recognis+--! dhyana t is n dep5d5t ^u ! ideas ( atta*m5t or seek+--! dhyana t is n 9 con=mity ) k or contemplation4 ,?is 8true dhyana0 !n z is describ$ 9 ?is ,sutra 9 ! ,nikayas1 is m ( ! ,mahayana ?an ( ! ,h9ayana s call$4 f#df ,k]n's translation10 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/10 ,vol4 ,,xxi41 pp4 #bii-cjj4 f#dg ,= ?is & ! foll[+1 see ! ,essay entitl$1 8,hi/ory ( ,z5 ,buddhism f ,bodhi-,dh>ma to ,hui-nng10 p4 #aea ff4 f#dh ,! /ory ( ,enlight5m5t is told 9 ! ,dgha-,nikya1 ,,xiv41 & also 9 ! ,introduction to ! ,jtaka ,tales1 9 ! ,mahva/u1 & ! ,majjhima-,nikya1 ,,xxvi4 & ,,xxxvi41 & aga9 9 ! ,samyutta-,nikya1 ,,xii4 ,9 detail !y v>y m or less1 b n mat]ially4 ,! ,*9ese translation ( ! ,sutra on ! ,cause & ,effect 9 ! ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 :i* seems to be a lat] v]sion ?an ! ,pali ,mahpadna1 gives a some:at diff]5t /ory1 b z f> z my po9t ( argum5t is conc]n$1 ! ma9 issue rema9s practically ! same4 ,avagho%a's ,buddhac>ita is highly poetical4 ,! ,lalita-vi/>a belongs to ! ,mahayana4 ,9 ?is ,essay ,i h tri$ to take my mat]ial *iefly f ,! ,dialogues ( ! ,buddha1 translat$ by ,rhys ,davids1 ,! ,k9dr$ ,say+s1 translat$ by ,mrs4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,majjhima-,nikya1 translat$ by ,slacra1 & ! same by ,neumann1 ! ,*9ese gamas & o!rs4 f#di ,! idea t !re 7 "s m ,buddhas 9 ! pa/ seems to h orig9at$ v e>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism z we may notice "h1 & its fur!r developm5t1 comb9$ ) ! idea ( ! ,jtaka1 f9ally culm9at$ 9 ! conception ( a ,bodhisattva1 :i* is "o ( ! *>act]i/ic features ( ,mahayana ,buddhism4 ,! six ,buddhas ( ! pa/ lat] increas$ into tw5ty-?ree or tw5ty-f\r 9 ! ,buddha-vamsa & ,praj-pramit & ev5 into =ty-two 9 ! ,lalita-vi/>a4 ,?is idea ( hav+ pr$ecessors or =]unn]s seems to h be5 g5]al among anci5t peoples4 ,9 ,*9a1 ,confucius claim$ to h transmitt$ 8 doctr9e f ,yao & ,%un1 & ,laotz f ! ,emp]or ,huang4 ,9 ,india1 ,ja9ism :i* has1 n only 9 ! tea*+ b 9 ! p]sonality ( ! f\nd]1 _m simil>ities to ,buddhism1 m5tions tw5ty-?ree pr$ecessors1 naturally m or less correspond+ s closely to ^? ( ,buddhism4 f#ej ,x is highly d\btful t ! ,buddha _h a v di/9ct & def9ite s*eme = ! !ory ( ,causation or ,dep5d5ce or ,orig9ation1 z ! ,paicca-samuppda is v>i\sly translat$4 ,9 ! pres5t ,sutra1 he does n g beyond ,vina 7consci\sness or cognition71 :ile 9 its accept$ =m n[ ! ,*a9 />ts ) ,ignorance 7avijj74 ,we h h[ev] no reason to consid] ?is t5fold ,*a9 ( ,causation ! e>lie/ & mo/ au?oritative ( ! doctr9e ( ,paicca-samuppda4 ,9 _m respects ! ,sutra itself %[s evid5ce ( a lat] compilation4 ,! po9t ,i wi% to discuss "h ma9ly conc]ns itself ) ! ,buddha's intellectual ef=ts to expla9 ! realities ( life by ! !ory ( causation4 ,t ! ,buddha reg>d$ ,ignorance z ! pr9ciple ( bir?-&-dea? & !re=e ( mis]y 9 ?is _w1 is a well-e/abli%$ fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism4 f#ea ,cakkhu lit]ally means an eye4 ,x is (t5 f\nd 9 comb9ation ) su* t]ms z pa 7wisdom or reason71 buddha1 or samanta 7all-r\nd71 :5 x means a faculty beyond ord9>y relative und]/&+4 ,z 0 else:]e notic$1 x is significant t 9 ,buddhism1 bo? ,mahayana & ,h9ayana1 see+ 7passato7 is s emphasis$1 & especially 9 ?is case ! m5tion ( an 8eye0 :i* sees directly into ?+s nev] be=e pres5t$ to "o's m9d is q notewor?y4 ,x is ?is cakkhu or pa-cakkhu 9 fact t1 transc5d+ ! conditionality ( ! ,f\rfold ,noble ,tru? or ! ,*a9 ( ,orig9ation1 p5etrates 7sac*ikato7 into ! v gr\nd ( consci\sness1 f :i* spr+s ! opposition ( subject & object4 f#eb ,"h z well z 9 ! next v]se1 8! tru?0 /&s = ,dh>ma4 f#ec ,we h1 besides ?is1 ano!r v]se suppos$ to h be5 utt]$ by ! ,buddha at ! mom5t ( ,supreme ,enlight5m5t2 x is kn[n z ! ,hymn ( ,victory4 ,x 0 quot$ 9 my previ\s ,essay on ,z5 ,buddhism & ! ,doctr9e ( ,enlight5m5t4 ,! ,hymn is unkn[n 9 ! ,mahayana lit]ature4 ,! ,lalita-vi/>a has only ?is3 8,*9na v>tmopasanta raj su%k srav na puna sravnti2 ,*9ne v>tmani v>tata dukhasyai%o 'nta ucyate40#c4a f#ed ,! ,mahvyutpatti1 ,,cxlii41 gives a li/ ( ?irte5 t]ms d5ot+ ! act ( compreh5d+ ) m or less def9ite %ades ( mean+3 buddhi1 mati1 gati1 mata1 di%ta1 abhisamitv1 samyagavabodha1 supratividdha1 abhilak%ita1 gatigata1 avabodha1 pratyabhij1 & m5ire4 f#ee ,franz ,pfeiff]1 p4 #cab1 ,m>t5s51 p4 #bi4 f#ef ,translat$ by ,bhikkhu ,slcra4 ,! orig9al ,pali runs z foll[s3 ,sabbbhibh sabbavid 'ham asmi1 ,sabbesu dhammesu anpalitto1 ,sabbajaho tanhakkhaye vimutto1 ,saya abhiya kam uddiseyya4 ,na me c>iyo at?i1 sadiso me na vijjati1 ,sadevakasmi lokasmi na 't?i me paipuggalo4 ,aha hi arah loke1 aha sat? anutt>o1 ,eko 'mhi sammasambuddho1 stibhto 'smi nibbuto4 ,dgha-,nikya1 ,,xxvi4 f#eg ,ord9>ily1 ! ,*a9 runs z foll[s3 #a4 ,ignorance 7avijj1 avidy71 #b4 ,disposition 7sankhra1 saskra71 #c4 ,consci\sness 7vina1 vijna71 #d4 ,"n & ,=m 7nm>pa71 #e4 ,six ,s5se-organs 7sayatana1 sayatana71 #f4 ,t\* 7phassa1 sp>a71 #g4 ,feel+ 7v$ana71 #h4 ,desire 7tah1 t%71 #i4 ,cl++ 7updna71 #aj4 ,becom+ 7bhva71 #aa4 ,bir? 7jti71 & #ab4 ,old ,age & ,dea? 7j>m>ana74 f#eh ,! ,buddhac>ita1 ,book ,,xiv4 f#ei ,nna ca pana me dassana udapdi akupp me ceto-vimutti aya antim jti nat?i dni punabbhavo4 f#fj 8,?us kn[+1 ?us see+10 7evam jnato evam passato7 is "o ( ! set phrases we enc\nt] ?r\gh\t ,buddhi/ lit]ature1 ,h9ayana & ,mahayana4 ,:e!r or n its compil]s 7 aw>e ( ! di/9ction betwe5 kn[+ & see+ 9 ! s5se we make n[ 9 ! !ory ( k1 ! c\pl+ is ( great signification4 ,!y mu/ h be5 consci\s ( ! ineffici5cy & insuffici5cy ( ! ^w 8to "k0 9 ! description ( ! k9d ( k "o has at ! mom5t ( enlight5m5t4 8,to see0 or 8to see face to face0 signifies ! imm$iat5ess & utmo/ p]spicuity & c]ta9ty ( su* k4 ,z 0 m5tion$ else:]e1 ,buddhism is ri* 9 t]m9ology ( ?is ord] ( cognition4 f#fa ,tassa evam jnato evam passato kmsavpi citta vimuccati bhavsavpi citta vimuccati avijjsavpi citta vimuccati1 vimuttasmi vimuttamit a hoti4 ,kh9a jti vusita brahmac>iya kata k>anyam np>a it?attyti pajnti4 f#fb ,! ,brahmajla ,sutta1 p4 #dc4 ,translation by ,rhys ,davids4 f#fc ,! idea ( p]=m+ miracles sy/ematically ?r\gh ! p[] acquir$ by self-conc5tration seems to h be5 greatly 9 vogue 9 ,india ev5 f ! e>lie/ days ( h] civilisation1 & ! ,buddha 0 frequ5tly approa*$ by 8 foll[]s to exhibit 8 p[]s to "w wond]s4 ,9 fact1 8 biograph]s lat] turn$ him into a regul> miracle-p]=m]1 at lea/ z f> z we may judge by ! ord9>y /&>d ( logic & sci5ce4 ,b f ! ,praj-pramit po9t ( view1 accord+ to :i* 8because :at 0 prea*$ by ! ,ta?agata z ! possession ( qualities1 t 0 prea*$ z no-possession ( qualities by ! ,ta?agata1 & !re=e x is call$ ! possession ( qualities10 7yai% bhagavan lak%aasampat ta?gat5a bh%it alak%aasampad e% ta?gat5a bh%ita2 t5ocyate lak%aasampad iti71 ! idea ( p]=m+ wond]s acquires q a new signification spiritually4 ,9 ! ,kevaddha ,sutta1 ?ree wond]s are m5tion$ z hav+ be5 und]/ood & realis$ by ! ,buddha3 ! my/ic wond]1 ! wond] ( education1 & ! wond] ( manife/ation4 ,! possessor ( ! my/ic wond] c "w ! foll[+ logical & physical impossibilities3 8,f be+ "o he becomes multi=m1 f be+ multi=m he becomes "o3 f be+ visible he becomes invisible3 he passes )\t h9drance to ! fur!r side ( a wall or a battlem5t or a m\nta91 z if ?r\gh air3 he p5etrates up & d[n ?r\gh solid gr\nd z if ?r\gh wat]3 he walks on wat] )\t divid+ x1 z if on solid gr\nd3 he travels cross-legg$ ?r\gh ! sky l ! birds on w+3 he t\*es & feels ) ! h& ev5 ! moon & sun1 be+s ( my/ic p[] & pot5cy !y be3 he rea*es ev5 9 ! body up to ! heav5 ( ,brahma40 ,%all we und]/& ?is lit]ally & intellectually8 ,_c we int]pret x 9 ! _s ( ! ,praj-pramit idealism8 ,:y8 ,taccittam yacittam acittam4 7,?\ght is call$ ?\ght because x is no-?\ght47 f#fd ,! que/ions are3 ,is ! _w et]nal8 ,is ! _w n et]nal8 ,is ! _w f9ite8 ,is ! _w inf9ite8 ,pot?apda-,sutta4 f#fe ,cf4 ,dhammapada1 v4 #che4 8,he = :om !re is nei!r ?is nor t side1 nor bo?1 him1 ! fe>less & un%ackl$1 ,i call inde$ a ,brahman40 f#ff ,sutta-nipta1 v1 #gbj4 ,sanant yanti kussobbh1 tun yti mahodadhi4 f#fg ,! ,majjhima-,nikya1 #adj1 ,dhtuvibhangasuttam4 ,asmti bhikkhu maitam eta2 ,ayam aham asmti maitam eta2 ,bhavissan ti maitam eta2 ,na bhavissan ti maitam eta2 ,rp bhavissan ti maitam eta2 ,arp bhavissan ti maitam eta2 ,sa bhavissan ti maitam eta2 ,asai bhavissan ti maitam eta2 ,nevasai-nasai bhavissan ti maitam eta4 f#fh ,majjhima ,nikya1 #bb4 f#fi ,cf4 ,sutta-,nipta1 v4 #ba4 8,by me is made a well-con/ruct$ raft1 s said ,bhagavat1 ,i h pass$ ov] to ,nirvana1 ,i h rea*$ ! fur!r bank1 hav+ ov]come ! torr5t ( passions2 !re is no fur!r use = a raft3 !re=e1 if ?\ l1 ra91 ,o sky60 f#gj ,i left "h 8dh>mas0 untranslat$4 ,= ?is untranslatable t]m1 "s h 8righte\sness10 "s 8morality10 & "s 8qualities40 ,?is is z is well kn[n a difficult t]m to translate4 ,! ,*9ese translators h r5d]$ x by fa1#c4c ev]y:]e1 reg>dless ( ! context4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 8dh>ma0 may mean 8good conduct1 8prescrib$ rules ( morality10 or ev5 8any religi\s tea*+ consid]$ productive ( good results40 ,9 ! ,lakvatra-stra1 ,*apt] #a1 ref]5ce is also made to ! transc5d+ ( bo? 8adh>ma0 & 8dh>ma10 say+3 8,dh>m eva prahtavy prgevdh>m40 ,& x is expla9$ t ?is di/9ction comes f falsely ass]t+ 7vikalpagrahaam7 ! dualism ( :at is & :at is n1 :ile ! "o is ! self-reflection ( ! o!r4 ,y look into ! mirror & f9d+ an image !reon y take x = a reality1 :ile ! image is y\rself & nobody else4 ,! "o :o views ! _w ?us1 has ! rightful view ( x1 ya evam pasyati sa samyakpasyati4 ,inde$1 :5 he takes hold ( ekgra 7"o-po9t$ness or on5ess ( ?+s71 he realises ! /ate ( m9d 9 :i* 8 inn] wisdom reveals itself 7svapratytmryajnagoc>a7 & :i* is call$ ! ,ta?gatag>bha4 ,9 ?is illu/ration 8dh>ma0 & 8adh>ma0 are synonyms ( be+ 7sat7 & non-be+ 7asat7 or affirmation 7a/i7 & negation 7n/i74 ,!re=e1 ! ab&on+ ( dh>ma & adh>ma 7dh>mdh>mayo praha7 means ! gett+ rid ( dualism 9 all its complexities & implications4 ,philosophically1 ?is ab&on+ is to get id5tifi$ ) ! ,absolute1 & morally to g beyond good & evil1 "r & wrong4 ,also comp>e ,sutta-,nipta1 v]se #hhf1 :]e dualism is consid]$ to be ! outcome ( false philosophical reason+ 8,takka ca dihisu pakappayitv1 sacca mus ti dvayadhammam hu40 f#ga ,abridg$ f ! ,majjhima ,nikya1 #bb1 p4 #aci4 ,cf4 also ! ,samyutta ,nikya1 ,,xii41 #gj4 p4 #abe4 f#gb ,= ! ,buddhi/ v]sion ( ! /ory1 see ! ,saddh>ma-puarka ,stra *apt] #d1 & ! ,vajrasamdhi ,stra1 *apt] #d 7,*9ese translation74 f#gc ,samyutta ,,xii41 #fe1 ,nag>a2 cf4 also "o ( ! ,praj-pramit stras :i* is kn[n z "o prea*$ by ,majur 7,nanjo ,catalogue1 ,no4 #ba74 ,9 ! ,sutra we f9d t ! ,buddha1 aft] m5tion+ ! simile ( a gem-digg]1 makes ref]5ce to a man :o feels ov]:elm$ ) delight :5 p talk pleasantly ab\t ! old t[ns & villages once visit$ by himself4 ,! same sort ( a delightful feel+ is express$ by "o :o w li/5 to ! disc\rse on ,prajpramit & und]/& x2 = he 0 9 8 pa/ lives pres5t at ! assembly :i* 0 ga!r$ ab\t ! ,buddha deliv]+ s]mons on ! same subject4 ,t ! und]/&+ ( ! doctr9e ( ,prajpramit is a =m ( memory is highly illum9at+ :5 consid]$ 9 relation to ! !ory ( ,enlight5m5t z advanc$ "h4 ,t ! u%]+ ( ,enlight5m5t is accompani$ ) ! feel+ ( return or remembrance is also unmi/akably not$ by ! writ] ( ! ,k5a-,upani%ad 7,,vi41 #ej73 8,n[ 9 respect to ! ,atman3 ,x is z ?\gh some?+ =ces its way into consci\sness ,& consci\sness sudd5ly rememb]s-- ,su* a /ate ( m9d illu/rates ! awak5+ ( k ( ! ,atman40 ,sonad&a ! ,brahman _h ! foll[+ to say :5 he grasp$ ! mean+ ( ! ,buddha's disc\rse on ! *>act]i/ics ( ! true ,brahman 7,rhys ,david's translation73 8,mo/ excell5t1 oh ,gotama1 mo/ excell5t6 ,j z if a man 7 to set up t :i* has be5 ?r[n d[n1 or 7 to reveal t :i* has be5 hidd5 away1 or 7 to po9t out ! "r road to him :o has gone a/ray1 or 7 to br+ a light into ! d>kness s t ^? :o _h eyes c\ld see ext]nal =ms--j ev5 s has ! tru? be5 made kn[n to me1 9 _m a figure1 by ! v5]able ,gotama40 f#gd ,buddhac>ita1 translat$ by ,e4 ,b4 ,c[ell1 pp4 #aca-acb4 f#ge ,lefmann's edition1 p4 #bhi4 f#gf ,ariyapap>iyesana-sutta1 ,majjhima-,nikya1 ,,xxvi41 p4 #afg4 f#gg ,us$ to designate ! s*ool :i* upholds ! doctr9e ( enlight5m5t 7sambodhi74 f#gh ,?is translation is n at all satisfactory4 f#gi ,j%u 7#ggh--hig7 0 "o ( ! e>ly ma/]s ( ,z5 9 ! ,t#8ang dyna/y :5 x began to fl\ri% ) its vigor\s fre%ness4 ,he atta9$ to a high age ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty4 ,8 s]mons 7 always %ort & to ! po9t1 & 8 answ]s are not$ = _! be+ s natural & yet s slipp]y1 s h>d to cat*4 f#hj ,six ,essays by ,bodhi-,dh>ma#d4be is ! book 9 :i* ! s-call$ writ+s ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma are collect$4 ,see also ! ,essay 8,on ,satori0 :i* foll[s4 f#ha ,= ,tao-hsan#8s edition 9 ! orig9al ,*9ese1 see ,note #d4bh 9 ! ,app5dix4 f#hb ,?is is ! mo/ significant phrase 9 ,dh>ma's writ+4 ,i h left x untranslat$1 = lat] ?is w be expla9$ fully4 f#hc ,! au?or ( ?is /ory or prefatory note is ,t#8an-l9 7,donr971 :o1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,tokiwa1 ( ! ,tokyo ,imp]ial ,univ]sity1 0 a le>n$ s*ol> p>tak+ 9 ! translation ( sev]al ,sanskrit works4 ,he is also m5tion$ 9 connection ) ,yeka 7,hui-k#87 9 ! biography ( ! latt] by ,tao-hsan4 ,if ,donr9 7 m ( a s*ol> z we c see by ?is id5tification ?an a g5u9e ,z5 ma/]1 x 0 q natural = him to write d[n ?is 8,m$itation on ,f\r ,acts10 :i* ma9ly appeals z x /&s to ! s*ol>ly int]pretation ( ,z54 ,:ile ! doctr9e ( ,pi-kwan is emphatically ,z51 !re is mu* 9 ! 8,m$itation0 t l5ds itself to ! philosophis+ ( ,z54 f#hd ,translat$ into ,*9ese dur+ ! ,nor!rn ,liang dyna/y :i* la/$ ,a4,d4 #cig-dci4 ,! translator's "n is lo/4 f#he f#hf ,we read 9 ,tao-hsan's ,biographies t :]ev] ,bodhi-,dh>ma /ay$ he taught p 9 8 ,z5 doctr9e1 b z ! :ole c\ntry at ! "t 0 deeply plung$ into s*ola/ic discussions1 !re 0 a great deal ( sl&]\s talk aga9/ m$itation :5 !y le>n$ ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma's message4 f#hg ,is x possible t ?is passage has "s ref]5ce to ! ,vajrasamdhi :]e ,bodhisattva ,mahbala speaks ( a 8flaccid m9d0 & a 8/rong m9d08 ,! =m] :i* is possess$ by mo/ common p 8pants0 7or gasps or hank]s7 v mu*1 & prev5ts !m f successfully atta9+ to ! ,ta?gata-dhyna1 :ile ! 8/rong m9d0 is *>act]i/ic ( "o :o c ent] ^u ! realm ( reality 7bhtakoi74 ,z long z !re are 8pant+s0 7or gasp+s7 9 ! m9d1 x is n free1 x is n lib]at$1 & _c id5tify itself ) ! su*ness ( reason4 ,! m9d mu/ be 8/rong0 or firm & /eady1 self-possess$ & conc5trat+1 be=e x is ready = ! realisation ( ,ta?gata-dhyna--a dhyana go+ f> beyond ! rea* ( ! s-call$ f\r dhynas & eight samdhis4 f#hh ,?is subject 0 treat$ 9 ano!r place1 ?\gh r sket*ily1 & w be fur!r elaborat$ lat] 9 an indep5d5t essay4 f#hi ,9 ?is connection ,i wi% to make "s rem>ks aga9/ c]ta9 s*ol>s :o consid] ! philosophy ( nyat to be really ! f\ndation ( ,z54 ,su* s*ol>s fail utt]ly to grasp ! true purport ( ,z5 :i* is fir/ ( all an exp]i5ce & n at all a philosophy or dogma4 ,z5 c nev] be built ^u any set ( metaphysical or psy*ological views2 ! latt] may be advanc$ aft] ! ,z5 exp]i5ce has tak5 place1 b nev] be=e4 ,! philosophy ( ! ,prajpramit c nev] prec$e ,z51 b mu/ always foll[ x4 ,buddhi/ s*ol>s l ^? at ! "t ( ,dh>ma are too apt to id5tify tea*+ & life1 !ory & exp]i5ce1 description & fact4 ,:5 ?is confusion is all[$ to gr[1 ,z5 ,buddhism w cease to yield an intellig5t & satisfactory int]pretation4 ,)\t ! fact ( ,enlight5m5t "u ! ,bodhi-tree ne> ! ,nairajan1 no ,ngrjunas c\ld ev] hope to write a s+le book on ! ,praj philosophy4 f#ij ,z ,i /at$ be=e1 !re is a confusion betwe5 ,dh>ma's mi5-pi habit ( sitt+ & 8 doctr9e ( ! pi-kuan m$itation4 ,! confusion dates q e>ly1 & ev5 at ! "t ( ! au?or ( ! ,records ! orig9al mean+ ( pi-kuan1 wall-contemplation1 mu/ h be5 lo/4 f#ia ,sometimes ?is man is said to be a civilian & sometimes a soldi] embrac+ ,confucianism4 f#ib ,z "o c readily see1 ?is /ory is m or less fictiti\s4 ,i mean ,kuang's /&+ 9 ! sn[ & cutt+-(f ( 8 arm 9 ord] to demon/rate 8 e>ne/ness & s9c]ity4 ,"s ?9k t ! sn[ /ory & t ( self-mutilation d n belong to t ( ,kuang1 b borr[$ f "s o!r s\rces1 z ,tao-hsan makes no ref]5ce to !m 9 8 book4 ,! loss ( ! arm 0 due to a p>ty ( robb]s :o attack$ ,kuang aft] 8 int]view ) ,dh>ma4 ,we h no way to v]ify ^! /ories ei!r way4 ,! :ole sett+ h[ev] is highly dramatic1 & !re mu/ h be5 once 9 ! hi/ory ( ,z5 "s necessity to int]weave imag9ation l>gely ) facts1 :atev] !y may be4 f#ic ,accord+ to ,hsieh-sung1 ! au?or ( ! ,"r ,transmission ( ! ,law1 ,bodhi-,dh>ma has "h foll[$ ,ngrjuna 9 ! anatomy ( ,z5-und]/&+4 ,= ,ngrjuna says 9 8 fam\s comm5t>y on ! ,prajpramit-stra1 8,moral conduct is ! sk91 m$itation is ! fle%1 ! high] und]/&+ is ! bone1 & ! m9d subtle & good is ! m>r[40 8,?is subtle m9d10 says ,hsieh-sung1 is :at is secretly transmitt$ f ! ,buddha to 8 successors 9 ! fai?4 ,he !n ref]s to ,*ih-,i ( ! ,sui dyna/y :o reg>ds ?is m9d z ! abode ( all ! ,buddhas & z ! middle way 9 :i* !re is nei!r unity nor multiplicity & :i* c nev] be adequately express$ 9 words4 f#id ,accord+ to ?is1 !re mu/ h be5 a special volume ( s]mons & lett]s by ,hui-k#81 :i* 7 compil$ evid5tly by 8 disciples & admir]s be=e !y 7 put d[n 9 writ+ & ?or\ghly revis$ by ! au?or himself4 ,9 ! case ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma too1 accord+ to ,tao-hsan1 8 say+s 7 app>5tly 9 circulation 9 ! day ( ,tao-hsan1 t is1 e>ly 9 ! ,t#8ang dyna/y4 f#ie ,und]/ood by "s to be leprosy4 f#if ,9 ! ,vimalakrti1 ,*apt] ,,iii41 8,! ,disciples10 we h ! foll[+3 8,d n worry ab\t ! s9s y h committ$1 ,o monks10 said ,vimalakrti1 8,:y8 ,because s9s are 9 _! ess5ce nei!r )9 nor )\t nor 9 ! middle4 ,z ! ,buddha taught u1 all ?+s are defil$ :5 ,m9d is defil$2 all ?+s are pure :5 ,m9d is pure3 & ,m9d is nei!r )9 nor )\t nor 9 ! middle4 ,z is ,m9d1 s are s9s & defilem5ts1 s are all ?+s--!y nev] transc5d ! su*ness ( tru?40 f#ig ,hs91 is "o ( ^? ,*9ese words :i* defy translation4 ,:5 ! ,indian s*ol>s 7 try+ to translate ! ,buddhi/ ,sanskrit works into ,*9ese1 !y discov]$ t !re 7 five classes ( ,sanskrit t]ms :i* c\ld n be satisfactorily r5d]$ into ,*9ese4 ,we ?us f9d 9 ! ,*9ese ,tripitaka su* words z praj1 bodhi1 buddha1 nirva1 dhyna1 bodhisattva1 etc41 almo/ always untranslat$2 & !y n[ appe> 9 _! orig9al =m among ! te*nical ,buddhi/ t]m9ology4 ,if we c\ld leave hs9 ) all its nuance ( mean+ 9 ?is translation1 x w\ld save u f ! _m difficulties t face u 9 its ,engli% r5d]+4 ,= hs9 means m9d1 he>t1 s\l1 _s--ea* s+ly z well z all inclusively4 ,9 ! pres5t composition by ! ?ird patri>* ( ,z51 x has sometimes an intellectual connotation b at o!r times x c prop]ly be done by 8he>t40 ,b z ! pr$om9ant note ( ,z5 ,buddhism is m intellectual ?an any?+ else1 ?\gh n 9 ! s5se ( be+ logical or philosophical1 ,i decid$ "h to translate hs9 by 8m9d0 r ?an by 8he>t40 f#ih ,?is means3 ,:5 ! absolute on5ess ( ?+s is n prop]ly und]/ood1 negation z well z affirmation w t5d to be "o-sid$ view ( reality4 ,:5 ,buddhi/s d5y ! reality ( an objective _w1 !y d n mean t !y believe 9 ! uncondition$ empt9ess ( ?+s2 !y "k t !re is some?+ real :i* _c be done away )4 ,:5 !y uphold ! doctr9e ( void ?is does n mean t all is no?+ b an empty holl[1 :i* leads to a self-contradiction4 ,! philosophy ( ,z5 avoids ! error ( "o-sid$ness involv$ 9 realism z well z 9 idealism4 f#ii ,i4e41 ,tat tvam asi4 f#ajj ,!re is h[ev] a v>iation f five ye>s to fifte5 ye>s accord+ to diff]5t au?orities4 f#aja ,^! acc\nts1 :e!r truly hi/orical or n1 conc]n+ ! controv]sy betwe5 ! two lead]s ( ,z5 e>ly 9 ! ,t#8ang dyna/y prove h[ heat$ 0 ! rivalry betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,! ,s]mons ( ! ,six? ,patri>* 7,fa-pao-tan-*+7 itself appe>s z if writt5 ) ! sole object ( refut+ ! oppon5ts ( ! 8abrupt0 s*ool4 f#ajb ,?is is a con/ant refra9 9 ! tea*+ ( ! ,prajpramit ,stras--to awak5 "o's ?\ght :]e !re is no abode :atev] 7na kvacit prati%ita citta utpdayitavyam74 ,:5 ,j%u call$ on ,ungo1 ! latt] ask$1 8,o y1 old w&]]6 h[ is x t y d n seek an abid+ place = y\rself80 8,:]e is my abid+ place80 8,!re is an old temple ru9 at ! foot ( ?is m\nta940 8,t is a fitt+ place = y\r old self10 respond$ ,j%u4 ,lat]1 he came to ,%ysan1 :o ask$ him ! same "q1 say+1 8,o y1 old w&]]6 :y don't y get settl$80 8,:]e is ! place = me to get settl$80 8,:y1 ?is old w&]] doesn't "k ev5 :]e to get settl$ = himself40 ,said ,j%u1 8,i h be5 engag$ ^! ?irty ye>s 9 tra9+ horses1 & to-day ,i h be5 kick$ ar\nd by a donkey60 f#ajc ,?is is ! "n ( ! place :]e ,hui-nng _h 8 ,z5 headqu>t]s4 f#ajd ,hs+ means nature1 "*1 ess5ce1 s\l1 or :at is innate to "o4 8,see+ into "o's ,nature0 is "o ( ! set phrases us$ by ! ,z5 ma/]s1 & 9 fact ! av[$ object ( all ,z5 discipl9e4 ,satori is its m popul> expression4 ,:5 "o gets into ! inw>dness ( ?+s1 !re is satori4 ,?is latt] h[ev] be+ a broad t]m1 c be us$ to designate any k9d ( a ?or\gh und]/&+1 & x is only 9 ,z5 t x has a re/rict$ mean+4 ,9 ?is article ,i h us$ ! t]m z ! mo/ ess5tial ?+ 9 ! /udy ( ,z52 = 8see+ into "o's ,nature0 sugge/s ! idea t ,z5 has some?+ concrete & sub/antial :i* requires be+ se5 into by u4 ,?is is mislead+1 ?\gh satori too ,i admit is a vague & naturally ambigu\s ^w4 ,= ord9>y purposes1 n too /rictly philosophical1 satori w answ]1 & :5ev] *i5-hs+ is ref]r$ to1 x means ?is1 ! op5+ ( ! m5tal eye4 ,z to ! six? patri>*'s view on 8see+ into "o's ,nature10 see above "u 8,hi/ory ( ,z5 ,buddhism40 f#aje ,accord+ to ! ,mahp>9irvna-stra1 translat$ into ,*9ese by ,dh>m>ak%a1 ,a4,d4 #dbc1 ,vol4 ,,xxxiii41 he 0 "o ( ! ?ree sons ( ! ,buddha :ile he 0 /ill a ,bodhisattva4 ,he 0 mo/ le>n$ 9 all ,buddhi/ lore1 b 8 views t5d$ to be nihili/ic & he f9ally fell into hell4 f#ajf ,t is1 f ! idea t ?is sitt+ cross-legg$ leads to ,buddhahood4 ,f ! e>lie/ p]iods ( ,z5 9 ,*9a1 ! quieti/ t5d5cy has be5 runn+ along ! :ole hi/ory ) ! intellectual t5d5cy :i* emphasises ! satori elem5t4 ,ev5 to-day ^! curr5ts are repres5t$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by ! ,soto on ! "o h& & ! ,r9zai on ! o!r1 :ile ea* has its *>act]i/ic features ( excell5ce4 ,my own /&po9t is t ( ! intuitionali/ & n t ( ! quieti/2 = ! ess5ce ( ,z5 lies 9 ! atta9m5t ( satori4 f#ajg ,w4 ,lehmann1 ,mei/] ,eckh>t4 ,gtt+51 #aiag1 p4 #bdc4 ,quot$ by ,pr(4 ,rudolf ,otto 9 8 ,! ,idea ( ! ,holy1 p4 #bja4 f#ajh ,9 ,claud ,field's ,my/ics & ,sa9ts ( ,islam 7p4 #be71 we read "u ,hasan ,basri1 8,ano!r "t ,i saw a *ild com+ t[>d me hold+ a light$ tor* 9 8 h&1 #8,:]e h y br\ght ! light f8' ,i ask$ him4 ,he imm$iately blew x out1 & said to me1 #8,o ,hasan1 tell me :]e x is gone1 & ,i w tell y :5ce ,i fet*$4'0 ,( c\rse ! p>allel "h is only app>5t1 = ,tokusan got 8 enlight5m5t f q a diff]5t s\rce ?an ! m]e bl[+ out ( ! c&le4 ,/ill ! p>allel 9 itself is int]e/+ en\gh to be quot$ "h4 f#aji ,see ! ,essay entitl$ 8,practical ,me?ods ( ,z5 ,in/ruction40 f#aaj ,! lightn+ simile 9 ! ,k5a-,upani%$ 7,,iv4 #cj71 z is suppos$ by "s s*ol>s1 is n to depict ! feel+ ( inexpressive awe z reg>ds ! nature ( ,brahman1 b x illu/rates ! bur/+ out ( enlight5m5t ^u consci\sness4 8,a--a--ah0 is mo/ significant "h4 f#aaa ,?is is spread be=e ! ,buddha & on x ! ma/] p]=ms 8 b[+ c]emony1 & its roll+ up naturally means ! end ( a s]mon4 f#aab ,t\ *i *ia1 mean+ 8! v]se ( mutual und]/&+0 :i* takes place :5 ! ma/]'s m9d & ! disciple's are m]g$ 9 ea* o!r's4 f#aac ,x 0 orig9ally a mosquito driv]1 b n[ x is a symbol ( religi\s au?ority4 ,x has a %ort h&le1 a little ov] a foot long & a long] tuft ( hair1 usually a horse's tail or a yak's4 f#aad ,9 ! ,*9ese ,notes ,i h add$ six m su* v]ses :i* may fur!r help ! read] to ga9 an insight into ! cont5t ( satori4 f#aae ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ not$ k-an & g5]ally giv5 to ! un9itiat$ z an eye-op5]4 ,:5 ,j%u 0 ask$ by a monk :e!r !re 0 ,buddha-,nature 9 ! dog1 ! ma/] answ]$ 8,mu60 7wu 9 ,*9ese71 :i* lit]ally means 8no40 ,b z x is n[adays und]/ood by ! foll[]s ( ,r9zai1 x does n mean any?+ negative z ! t]m may sugge/ to u ord9>ily1 x ref]s to some?+ mo/ assur$ly positive1 & ! novice is told to f9d x out by himself1 n dep5d+ ^u o!rs 7ap>apaccaya71 z no explanation w be giv5 nor is any possible4 ,?is k-an is popul>ly kn[n z 8,j%u's ,mu or ,muji40 ,a k-an is a !me or /atem5t or "q giv5 to ! ,z5 /ud5t = solution1 :i* w lead him to a spiritual insight4 ,! subject w be fully treat$ 9 ! ,second ,s]ies ( ! ,essays 9 ,z5 ,buddhism4 f#aaf ,ano!r k-an = beg9n]s4 ,a monk once ask$ ,j%u1 8,all ?+s return to ! ,"o1 b :]e does ! ,"o return80 to :i* ! ma/] answ]$1 8,:5 ,i 0 9 ! prov9ce ( ,seiju 7,ts#8+-*\71 ,i _h a monki% g>m5t made :i* weigh$ sev5 k9 7*974 f#aag ,he is ! f\nd] ( ! mod]n ,japanese ,r9zai s*ool ( ,z54 ,all ! ma/]s belong+ to ?is s*ool at pres5t 9 ,japan trace back _! l9e ( transmission to ,haku94 f#aah ,lit]ally1 8a great d\bt01 b x does n mean t1 z ! t]m 8d\bt0 is n und]/ood "h 9 its ord9>y s5se4 ,x means a /ate ( conc5tration br\ght to ! highe/ pit*4 f#aai ,ganto 7,y5-t#8ou1 #hbh--hhg7 0 "o ( ! great ,z5 tea*]s 9 ! ,t#8ang dyna/y4 ,b he 0 murd]$ by an outlaw :5 8 dea?-cry is said to h rea*$ _m miles ar\nd4 ,:5 ,haku9 fir/ /udi$ ,z51 ?is tragic incid5t 9 ! life ( an em95t ,z5 ma/] :o is suppos$ to be above all human ailm5ts1 tr\bl$ him v mu*1 & he wond]$ if ,z5 7 really ! gospel ( salvation4 ,h5ce ?is allusion to ,ganto4 ,notice also "h t :at ,haku9 discov]$ 0 a liv+ p]son & n an ab/ract reason or any?+ conceptual4 ,z5 leads u ultimately to some:at liv+1 work+1 & ?is is kn[n z 8see+ into "o's own ,nature0 7*i5-hs+74 ,! ,*9ese ,notes1 #e4ci4 f#abj ,k-ans 7kung-an7 are sometimes call$ 8complications10 7k-t#8ng7 lit]ally mean+ 8v9es & wi/>ias0 :i* are entw9+ & entangl+2 = accord+ to ! ma/]s !re ought n to be any su* ?+ z a k-an 9 ! v nature ( ,z51 x 0 an unnecess>y inv5tion mak+ ?+s m entangl$ & complicat$ ?an ev] be=e4 ,! tru? ( ,z5 has no ne$ = k-ans4 ,x is suppos$ t !re are "o ?\s& sev5 hundr$ k-ans :i* w te/ ! g5u95ess ( satori4 f#aba ,tsu-yan 7#abbf-abhf7 came to ,japan :5 ! ,hj family 0 9 p[] at ,kamakura4 ,he e/abli%$ ! ,engakuji mona/]y :i* is "o ( ! *ief ,z5 mona/]ies 9 ,japan4 ,:ile /ill 9 ,*9a 8 temple 0 invad$ by soldi]s ( ! ,yan dyna/y1 :o ?reat5$ to kill him1 b ,bukko 0 immovable & quietly utt]$ ! foll[+ v]se3 8,?r\gh\t heav5 & e>? !re is n a piece ( gr\nd :]e a s+le /ick c\ld be ins]t$2 ,i am glad t all ?+s are void1 myself & ! _w3 ,hon\r$ be ! sword1 ?ree feet long1 wield$ by ! great ,yan swordsm52 ,= x is l cutt+ a spr+ breeze amid/ ! fla%es ( lightn+40 ,see ,*9ese ,notes1 #e4dj4 f#abb ,t is1 sitt+ cross-legg$ 9 m$itation4 f#abc ,?is lively utt]ance rem9d "o ( a lightn+ simile 9 ! ,k5a-,upani%ad 7,,iv4 #cj73 8,?is is ! way ,x t is1 ,brahman is to be illu/rat$3 ,:5 lightn+s h be5 loos5$1-- a--a--ah6 ,:5 t has made ! eyes to be clos$1-- a--a--ah6 ,s f> conc]n+ ,deity devata40 ,lightn+ fla% is a fav\rite analogue ) ! ,z5 ma/]s too2 ! unexpect$ onru% ( satori into ! ord9>y field ( consci\sness has some?+ ( ! nature ( lightn+4 ,x comes s sudd5ly & :5 x comes ! _w is at once illum9$ & reveal$ 9 its entirety & 9 its h>moni\s on5ess2 b :5 x vani%es ev]y?+ falls back into its old d>kness & confusion4 f#abd ,pao-tz#8u ,wn-*#891 a disciple ( ,pao-fu ,ts#8ung-*an1 :o di$ #ibh ,a4,d4 f#abe ,ano!r "t :5 ,j%u 0 ask$ ab\t ! 8fir/ ^w10 he c\gh$4 ,! monk rem>k$1 8,is ?is n x80 8,:y1 an old man is n ev5 all[$ to c\gh60--?is came quickly f ! old ma/]4 ,j%u _h /ill ano!r occasion to express 8 view on ! "o ^w4 ,a monk ask$1 8,:at is ! "o ^w80 ,dem&$ ! ma/]1 8,:at d y say80 8,:at is ! "o ^w80--! "q 0 repeat$ :5 ,j%u gave 8 v]dict1 8,y make x two40 7,*4 ,n41 #c47 ,%uzan 7,%u-%an7 0 once ask$1 8,an old ma/] says1 #8,!re is "o ^w :i* :5 und]/ood wipes out ! s9s ( innum]able kalpas3' :at is ?is "o ^w80 ,%uzan answ]$1 8,"r "u y\r nose60 8,:at is ! ultimate mean+ ( x80 8,?is is all ,i c say03--?is 0 ! conclusion ( ! ma/]4 7,*4 ,n41 #d47 f#abf ,!re are _m mondoes purport+ to ! same subject4 ,! be/ kn[n "o by ,j%u is quot$ else:]e2 ( o!rs we m5tion ! foll[+4 ,a monk ask$ ,risan 7,li-%an71 8,all ?+s are r$uc$ to empt9ess1 b :]e is empt9ess r$uc$80 ,risan answ]$1 8,! tongue is too %ort to expla9 x to y40 8,:y is x too %ort80 8,)9 & )\t1 x is ( "o su*ness10 said ! ma/]4 7,*4 ,n41 #f47 ,a monk ask$ ,keisan 7,*#8i-%an71 8,:5 relations are dissolv$1 all is r$uc$ to empt9ess2 b :]e is empt9ess r$uc$80 ,! ma/] call$ out to ! monk1 & ! monk respond$1 8,yes10 :]eupon ! ma/] call$ 8 att5tion1 say+1 8,:]e is empt9ess80 ,said ! monk1 8,pray1 y tell me40 ,keisan repli$1 8,x is l ! ,p]sian ta/+ pepp]40 ,:ile ! "o light is an etiological "q z long z its orig9 is ! po9t at issue1 ! que/ions "h ref]r$ to are teleological because ! ultimate r$uction ( empt9ess is ! subject = solution4 ,b z ,z5 transc5ds "t & hi/ory1 x recognises only "o beg9n+less & endless c\rse ( becom+4 ,:5 we "k ! orig9 ( ! "o light1 we also "k :]e empt9ess ends4 7,*4 ,n41 #g47 f#abg ,ano!r "t a monk 0 told1 8,hold on to y\r pov]ty60 ,nan-y9 ,yegu's 7,nan-yan ,hui-y7 answ] to 8 pov]ty-/rick5 monk 0 m consol+1 8,y hold a h&ful ( jewels y\rself40 ,! subject ( pov]ty is ! all-important "o 9 our religi\s exp]i5ce--pov]ty n only 9 ! mat]ial b also 9 ! spiritual s5se4 ,asceticism mu/ h z its gr\nd-pr9ciple a f> deep] s5se ?an to be m]ely curv+ human desires & passions1 !re mu/ be 9 x some?+ positive & highly religi\s4 8,to be poor 9 _s10 :atev] mean+ x may h 9 ,*ri/ianity1 is ri* 9 signification = ,buddhi/s1 especially = ,z5 foll[]s4 ,a monk1 ,sei-jei 7,*#8+-%i71 came to ,sozan 7,ts#8ao-%an71 a great ma/] ( ! ,st s*ool 9 ,*9a1 & said1 8,i am a poor lonely monk3 pray h pity on me40 8,o monk1 come on =w>d60 ,:]eupon ! monk approa*$ ! ma/]1 :o !n exclaim$1 8,aft] enjoy+ ?ree cupfuls ( f9e *iu 7liquor7 brew$ at ,*#8+-yan1 d y /ill prote/ t y\r lips are n at all wet80 ,z to ano!r aspect ( pov]ty1 cf4 ,hsiang-y5's poem ( pov]ty4 f#abh ,an analog\s /ory is told ( ,sekito ,kis5 7,%ih-t#8ou ,hsi-*#8i57 :o is gr&son 9 fai? ( ! six? patri>*4 ,! /ory is quot$ else:]e4 f#abi ,:5 ?is is lit]ally translat$1 x gr[s too long & loses mu* ( its orig9al =ce4 ,! ,*9ese runs ?us3 hao li yu *#8a t#8i5 ti hsan *eh4 ,x may bett] be r5d]$1 8,an in*'s diff]5ce & heav5 & e>? are set ap>t40 f#acj ,t is1 ,ts#8ao-*#8i1 :]e ! six? patri>* ( ,z5 us$ to reside4 ,x is ! bir?place ( ,*9ese ,z5 ,buddhism4 f#aca ,does ?is n rem9d u ( an old my/ic :o def9$ ,god z an unutt]able sigh8 f#acb ,a monk ask$ ,hsan-%a1 8,:at is ! idea ( ! ,national ,tea*]'s call+ out to 8 att5dant80 ,said ,hsan-%a1 8,! att5dant kn[s well40 ,yn-* ,hsi comm5t$ on ?is3 8,does ! att5dant really "k1 or does he n8 ,if we say he does1 :y does ! ,national ,tea*] say1 #8,x is y t are n fair to me'8 ,b if ! att5dant kn[s n1 h[ ab\t ,hsan-%a's ass]tion8 ,:at w\ld be our judgm5t ( ! case80 ,hsan-*iao ,*ng said to a monk1 8,:at is ! po9t ! att5dant und]/&s80 ,repli$ ! monk1 8,if he did n und]/&1 he w\ld nev] h respond$40 ,hsan-*iao said1 8,y seem to und]/& "s40 ,a monk ask$ ,fa-y51 8,:at is ! idea ( ! ,national ,tea*]'s call+ out to 8 att5dant80 ,fa-y5 said1 8,y g away n[1 & come back "s o!r "t40 ,rem>k$ ,yn-*1 8,:5 ,fa-y5 says ?is1 does he really "k :at ! ,national ,tea*]'s idea is8 or does he n80 ,a monk approa*$ ,*ao-*\ ) ! same "q1 to :i* he repli$1 8,x is l writ+ *>act]s 9 ! d>k3 :ile ! *>act]s are n prop]ly =m$1 _! outl9es are pla9ly traceable40 f#acc ,lit]ally1 8,a day ( no "w is a day ( no eat+40 cf4 ,,ii4 ,!ssalonians1 ,,iii41 #aj3 8,if any w\ld n "w1 nei!r %\ld he eat40 ,x is notewor?y t ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi made ?is ! fir/ rule ( 8 ,bro!rhood4 f#acd ,tso *#8an is "o ( ^? comp\nd ,buddhi/ t]ms made ( ,sanskrit & ,*9ese4 ,tso is ,*9ese mean+ 8to sit10 :ile *#8an /&s = dhyna or jhna4 ,! full translit]ation ( ! t]m is *#8anna1 b = brevity's sake ! fir/ "* alone has be5 9 use4 ,! comb9ation ( tso-*#8an comes f ! fact t dhyana is always practis$ by sitt+ cross-legg$4 ,?is po/ure has be5 consid]$ by ! ,indians ! be/ way ( sitt+ = a long :ile 9 m$itation4 ,9 x1 accord+ to "s ,japanese physicians1 ! c5tre ( gravitation re/s firmly 9 ! l[] regions ( ! body1 & :5 ! head is reliev$ ( an unusual conge/ion ( blood1 ! :ole sy/em w "w 9 p]fect ord] & ! m9d be put 9 suitable mood to take 9 ! tru? ( ,z54 f#ace ,he 0 ! not$ ,confucian disciple ( ,baso 7,ma-tsu71 & 8 wife & daught] 7 also devot$ ,z5 foll[]s4 ,:5 he ?\ght ! "t _h come = him to pass away1 he told 8 daught] to wat* ! c\rse ( ! sun & let him "k :5 x 0 midday4 ,! daught] hurri$ly came back & told ! fa!r t ! sun _h already pass$ ! m]idian & 0 ab\t to be eclips$4 ,h came out1 & :ile he 0 wat*+ ! said eclipse1 %e w5t 91 took h] fa!r's own seat1 & pass$ away 9 m$itation4 ,:5 ! fa!r saw 8 daught] already 9 ,nirvana1 he said1 8,:at a quick-witt$ girl %e is60 ,h himself pass$ away "s days lat]4 f#acf ,?is hi/orical temple 0 un=tunately de/roy$ by ! e>?quake ( #aibc1 ) _m o!r build+s4 f#acg ,9 ^? mona/]ies :i* are connect$ 9 "s way ) ! au?or ( ?is admonition1 x is read or r *ant$ be=e a lecture or ,tei%o beg9s4 f#ach ,i mu/ n =get to m5tion t aft] ! read+ ( ! ,hidaya ,stra ! foll[+ names ( ! ,buddhas & o!rs are invok$3 #a4 ,vairocana-,buddha 9 8 immaculate ,body ( ! ,law1 #b4 ,vairocana-,buddha 9 8 p]fect ,body ( ,bliss1 #c4 kyamuni-,buddha 9 8 inf9ite manife/ations z ,body ( ,trans=mation1 #d4 ,maitreya-,buddha :o is to come 9 "s future "t1 #e4 ,all ! ,buddhas pa/1 pres5t1 & future 9 ! t5 qu>t]s ( ! _w1 #f4 ,! great holy ,bodhisattva ,majur1 #g4 ,! great morally-p]fect ,bodhisattva ,samantabhadra1 #h4 ,! great compassionate ,bodhisattva ,avalokitev>a1 #i4 ,all ! v5]able ,bodhisattva-mahsattvas1 & #aj4 ,mahprajpramit4 f#aci ,:5 ! slop-bas9 goes ar\nd1 spiritual be+s are aga9 rememb]$3 8,?is wat] 9 :i* my b[ls 7 wa%$ ta/es l nect> f heav54 ,i n[ (f] ?is to ! num]\s spirits ( ! _w3 may !y all be fill$ & satisfi$6 ,om ma-ku-ra-sai 79 ,pek+ese1 mo-hsiu-lo-hsi7 svha60 f#adj ,?is "q ( du/ rem9ds "o ( ,b]keley's rem>k3 8,we h j rais$ a du/ & !n compla9 we _c see40 f#ada ,%-li1 is "s inde/ructible sub/ance1 g5]ally 9 pebble-=m1 f\nd 9 ! body ( a sa9t :5 x is cremat$4 f#adb ,kung-an is a "q or !me giv5 to ! /ud5t = solution4 ,x lit]ally means 8public docum5t10 &1 accord+ to a ,z5 s*ol>1 x is s call$ because x s]ves z su* 9 te/+ ! g5u95ess ( enlight5m5t a /ud5t claims to h atta9$4 ,! t]m has be5 9 use s9ce ! e>ly days ( ,z5 ,buddhism 9 ! ,t#8ang dyna/y4 ,! s-call$ 8cases0 or 8dialogues0 7mondo7 are g5]ally us$ z k-ans4 ,a special *apt] devot$ to ! subject w be f\nd 9 ! second s]ies ( ,! ,essays4 f#adc ,i _c tell h[ e>ly ?is 8,ses%90 orig9at$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,z5do4 ,x is n 9 ,hyakujo's ,regulations1 & did n />t 9 ,*9a b 9 ,japan probably aft] ,haku94 ,! ,soj\rn p]iod g5]ally be+ a 8/ay at home0 season1 ! monks d n travel1 b practise 8,ses%90 & devote !mselves to ! /udy ( ,z52 b 9 ! week specially set up z su*1 ! /udy is pursu$ ) ! utmo/ vig\r4 f#add ,t is1 ti-*#8ang4 ,tei means 8to c>ry 9 h&10 8to %[ =?10 or 8manife/10 & %o 8to recite40 ,?us by a ,tei%o ! old ma/] is reviv$ be=e ! congregation & 8 disc\rses are m or less vividly pres5t$ to view4 ,x is n m]ely expla9+ or comm5t+ on ! text4 f#ade ,dh>a is a ,sanskrit t]m :i* comes f ! root dhi1 mean+ 8to hold40 ,9 ,buddhi/ phraseology1 x is a collection1 sometimes %ort1 sometimes long1 ( exclamatory s5t5ces :i* are n translat$ into o!r languages4 ,x is n !re=e at all intelligible :5 x is read by ! monks z x is done 9 ! ,*9ese & ,japanese mona/]ies4 ,b x is suppos$ to 8hold0 9 x 9 "s my/]i\s way some?+ t is mo/ m]itori\s & has ! p[] to keep evil ones away4 ,lat]1 dh>anis & mantrams h gr[n confus$ ) "o ano!r4 f#adf ,! f\nd] ( ,t5ryuji1 ,kyoto4 ,he is kn[n z 8,tea*] ( ,sev5 ,emp]ors40 #abgd-acfa4 f#adg ,san-*#8an lit]ally means 8to att5d or /udy ,z540 ,z x is popul>ly us$ n[ 9 ,japan1 x has1 besides its g5]al mean+1 ! special "o z is ref]r$ to 9 ! text4 f#adh ,=m]ly1 ?is 0 an op5 affair1 & all ! mondos 7ask+s & answ]+s7 took place be=e ! :ole congregation1 z is /at$ 9 ! ,regulations ( ,hyakujo4 ,b1 lat]1 undesirable results foll[$1 su* z m]e =malism1 imitations1 & o!r empty nons5ses4 ,9 mod]n ,z51 !re=e1 all sanz5 is private1 except on =mal occasions4 f#adi ,:ile ?us go+ ar\nd1 he came to a h\se :]e an old woman refus$ to give him any rice2 he h[ev] kept on /&+ 9 front ( x1 look+ z if no?+ 7 said to him4 ,8 m9d 0 s int5sely conc5trat$ on ! subject :i* conc]n$ him mo/ at ! "t4 ,! woman got angry1 because %e ?\ght he 0 altoge!r ignor+ h] & try+ to h 8 own way4 ,%e /ruck him ) a big broom ) :i* %e 0 sweep+ & told him to dep>t "r at once4 ,! heavy broom sma%$ 8 l>ge monki% hat & knock$ him d[n on ! gr\nd4 ,he 0 ly+ !re = a :ile1 & :5 he came to s5se aga91 ev]y?+ became to him cle> & transp>5t4 f#aej ,z to ! life ( 8 tea*]1 ,daito1 ref]5ce 0 made to x else:]e4 f#aea ,! w9d is probably "o ( ! be/ imag]ies to get u into ! idea ( non-atta*m5t or nyat philosophy4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t has at lea/ "o allusion to x :5 x says1 8,! w9d bl[e? z x li/e?10 & "h we see ! ,*9ese my/ics mak+ use ( ! w9d to depict 8 inn] consci\sness ( absolute id5tity1 :i* is also ! ,buddhi/ notion ( ! void4 ,n[ comp>e ! foll[+ passage f ,e*k>t3 ,d>um ruft die ,braue au* weit]3 8,wei*e von mir1 me9 ,geliebt]1 wei*e von mir03 8,alles1 0 irg5d d] ,d>/ellung fhig i/1 das halte i* ni*t fr ,gott4 ,und s fliehe i* vor ,gott1 ,gottes weg560--#8,ei1 wo i/ dann d] ,seele ,bleib58'--8,auf d5 ,fitti*5 d] ,w9de60 7,bttn]1 ,mei/] ,eckeh>ts ,s*rift5 und ,pr$igt51 ,er/] ,b&1 p4 #ahi47 8,s flie*e i* vor ,gott1 ,gottes weg510 rem9ds u ( a ,z5 ma/] :o said1 8,i hate ev5 to he> ! "n ( ! ,buddha40 ,f ! ,z5 po9t ( view1 8,gottes weg510 may bett] be left out4 f#aeb ,! full passage is3 8,he :o seeks le>n$ness gets daily enri*$4 ,he :o seeks ! ,tao is daily made poor4 ,he is made poor] & poor] until he arrives at non-action 7wu wei74 ,) non-action1 !re is no?+ t he _c a*ieve40 7,*ap4 #dh47 f#aec ,na vsanair bhidyate cit na citta vsanai saha1 ,abb9nalak%aa citta vsanai p>ive%tit>4 ,malavad vsan yasya manovijna-sambhav1 ,pata-uklopama citta vsanair na virjate4 ,ya? na bhvo nbhvo gagana ka?yate may1 laya hi ta? kya bhvbhva-viv>jita4 ,manovijna vyvitta citta klusbya v>jitam1 ,s>vadh>mvabodh5a citta buddha vadmyaham4 ,! ,lakvatra1 p4 #bif4 f#aed ,n an ord9>y "q ask+ enlight5m5t1 b "o t has a po9t 9 x %[+ "s und]/&+ on ! "p ( ! inquir]4 ,all ^? que/ions already quot$ mu/ n be tak5 9 _! sup]ficial or lit]>y s5se4 ,!y are g5]ally metaphors4 ,= in/ance1 :5 "o asks ab\t a phrase hav+ no %ad[1 he does n mean any ord9>y ensemble ( words kn[n grammatically z su*1 b an absolute proposition ^: v]ity is s beyond a %ad[ ( d\bt t e rational be+ w at once recognise z true on he>+ x4 ,aga91 :5 ref]5ce is made to murd]+ a p>5t or a ,buddha1 x has really no?+ to d ) su* horrible crimes1 b z we h 9 ,r9zai's s]mon else:]e1 ! murd]+ is transc5d+ ! relativity ( a ph5om5al _w4 ,ultimately1 !re=e1 ?is "q am\nts to ! same ?+ z ask+ 8,:]e is ! "o to be r$uc$1 :5 ! _m are r$uc$ to ! "o80 f#aee ,?is means ,buddha :o is suppos$ by ,buddhi/s to h be5 ! own] ( a gold5-col\r$ body1 sixte5 feet 9 height4 f#aef ,g5]ally aft] a s]mon ! monks come out & ask v>i\s que/ions be>+ on ! subject ( ! s]mon1 ?\gh frequ5tly indiff]5t ones are ask$ too4 f#aeg ,see ! article on ! 8,hi/ory ( ,z5 ,buddhism10 p4 #adi et seq4 f#aeh ,= detail see 8,practical ,me?ods ( ,z5 ,in/ruction40 f#aei ,cf4 also 8,hi/ory ( ,z5 ,buddhism0 :]e ref]5ce is made to ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn s*ool ( ,z5 "u ! fif? patri>* 9 ,*9a4 f#afj ,see = detail p4 #agg1 8,hi/ory ( ,z540 f#afa ,accord+ to ,f>idudd9 ,att>1 ,a4,d4 #aaai-abbi1 ( ,khorassan1 ,p]sia1 ,cf4 ,claud ,field's ,my/ics & ,sa9ts ( ,islam1 p4 #abc et seq4 f#afb ,und]hill--,my/icism1 p4 #cfi4 f#afc ,aft] ?is book w5t to ! press1 ,i h come across an old edition ( ! spiritual c[-h]d+ pictures1 :i* end ) an empty circle correspond+ to ! eigh? ( ! pres5t s]ies4 ,is ?is ! "w ( ,seikyo z ref]r$ to 9 ,kakuan's ,preface8 ,! c[ is %[n to be :it5+ "h gradually ) ! progress ( discipl9e4 ,i may h an occasion lat] to reproduce ?is edition4 f#afd ,see also a ,sutra 9 ! ,angutt>a gama be>+ ! same title1 :i* is evid5tly ano!r translation ( ! same text4 ,also comp>e 8,! ,h]dsman1 ,i410 9 ,! ,fir/ ,fifty ,disc\rses ( ,gotama ! ,buddha2 ,vol4 ,,ii41 by ,bhikkhu ,slcra4 ,leipzig1 #aiac4 ,?is a p>tial translation ( ! ,majjhima ,nikya ( ! ,pali ,tripitaka4 ,! elev5 items z enum]at$ 9 ! ,*9ese v]sion are j a little diff]5tly giv54 ,ess5tially ( c\rse1 !y are ! same 9 bo? texts4 ,a ,buddhi/ diction>y call$ ,daizo ,hossu gives ref]5ce on ! subject to ! great ,mahayana "w ( ,ngrjuna1 ! ,mhprjpramit-/ra1 b s f> ,i h n be5 able to id5tify ! passage4 f#afe ,! t5 pictures reproduc$ "h 7 specially prep>$ = ! au?or by ,rev]5d ,seisetsu ,seki1 ,abbot ( ,t5ryuji1 ,kyoto1 :i* is "o ( ! pr9cipal hi/orical ,z5 mona/]ies 9 ,japan4 ,! orig9al ,*9ese v]ses ) _! introductory notes are f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix4 f#aff ,x w be int]e/+ to note :at a my/ic philosoph] w\ld say ab\t ?is3 8,a man %all become truly poor & z free f 8 creature w z he 0 :5 he 0 born4 ,& ,i say to y1 by ! et]nal tru?1 t z long z ye desire to fulfil ! w ( ,god1 & h any desire aft] et]nity & ,god2 s long are ye n truly poor4 ,he alone ha? true spiritual pov]ty :o wills no?+1 kn[s no?+1 desires no?+40--7,f ,eckh>t z quot$ by ,+e 9 ,light1 ,life1 & ,love47 ,,index ,,index 8,abrupt0 s*ool1 #cej4 ,acc\nt ( ,succession 9 ! ,law1 #aeh4 ,acc\nts ( ! ,or?odox ,transmission ( ! ,dh>ma1 by ,*#8i-,sung1 #aef4 d>a-,jna 7mirror-insight71 #aca;f4 ,amitbha ,stra1 7,*9ese71 #aic1 see also ,sukhvatvyha4 ,anbhogac>y 7act ( no-purpose71 #ff;fn41 #hb4 n&a1 #ee1 #ei1 & ,ak%obhya1 #bhd4 ,anutt>a-samyak-sambodhi 7supreme1 p]fect enlight5m5t71 #eh1 #gh2 see also ,enlight5m5t4 ,arada 7or lra ,klma71 #ga;fn41 #ade4 ,arhat1 qualifi$1 #fj4 ,arhat%ip1 #ea1 #ef1 #aba4 ,ariyap>iyesana-suttam1 #ch;fn4 ,asanga1 #ee4 rava 7leakage71 #ej;fn4 ,avagho%a1 #ee1 #ef;fn41 #ade1 #afa4 ,avajit1 #eh4 ,avatasaka ,stra 7,*9ese71 #hi4 ,awak5+ ( ,fai?1 !1 by ,avagho%a1 #ef4 ,bhva1 #hi4 ,ba%o 7,pa-*iao71 on 8%uj10 #bei1 sil5t1 #bha4 ,baso 7,ma-tsu71 #af1 #cj1 #afc1 #aij1 #aii1 #bah1 #bba;f42 9 8 sick b$1 #bfi2 8 8,kwats60 #bgi;f42 & ,t-,impo1 #bia4 ,b]keley1 on du/1 #cac;fn4 ,bhtat1 #gi4 ,bhtata?at1 #aca4 ,biographies ( ! ,high ,prie/s1 by ,tao-hsan1 #afc4 ,black-nails1 ! ,brahman1 #afa4 ,blake1 #bfg4 ,bliss-be/[+1 #cff4 ,bodhi1 #gi;ff42 see also ,enlight5m5t4 ,bodhi-,dh>ma 7,d>uma1 ,tamo71 #h1 #bd1 #gd1 #hb1 #ic1 #id1 #if1 #aef1 #bah2 ! g? by1 #afj2 8 life1 #afc;ff42 ,six ,essays by1 #afe;fn42 8 life by ,donr91 #afg2 & ! emp]or ( ,liang1 #age2 9 ,wei1 #agf2 & 8 disciples1 #agg2 & ,ngrjuna1 #agg;fn42 8 la/ days1 #agh2 8 com+ f ,we/1 #bff2 & a nun1 #bhd2 & 8 f\r disciples1 #cea4 ,bodhiruci1 a translator ( ! ,lakvatra1 #gd4 ,bodhisattvahood1 #fc2 contra/$ ) ,arhat%ip1 #eb4 ,bodhisattva-sla ,stra1 7,*9ese17 #aic1 #bje4 ,bodhism1 #aeb4 ,boehme1 ,jacob1 #aad4 ,bokitsu 7,mu-*i71 on /aff1 #bj4 ,bokuju 7,mu-*\71 on /aff1 #ba2 treatm5t ( ,ummon1 #aj2 on dress+ & eat+1 #ab;f42 on tea*] ( ,buddhas1 #bfi2 on ,z51 #bfi2 on doctr9e go+ beyond ,buddhas1 #bfi;f4 ,brahmajla1 #ej;fn41 #ea4 ,buddha1 8 deification1 #cc2 no metaphysician1 #ci2 mo!rly1 #dj2 deifi$1 #dj;fn42 z ! _w-light1 #da2 ! reason ( 8 appe>ance1 #fa2 8 seclud$ habit1 #fh2 z a magician1 #hf2 8 p]sonality1 #aja2 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce1 #ajg2 8 pr$ecessors1 #ajh2 8 reluctance to prea*1 #aji2 8 proclamation to ,upaka #aae2 & metaphysics1 #abd;ff42 z empirici/1 #abg2 8 g? ( law-transmission1 #aei2 & an old lady1 #afb2 z m9d1 #bbj4 ,buddhac>ita1 by ,avagho%a1 #ade4 ,buddhas1 ! six1 #aeh2 invok$ at meal1 #caj;fn4 ,buddhism1 & its f\nd]1 #ca;ff42 & its ,pali s*ol>s1 #cg2 z a life1 #cg2 z ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha1 #cg2 & its divisions1 #db2 z a liv+ sy/em ( ,buddhi/ exp]i5ce1 #db1 #dd2 its vital problems1 #dc;ff42 its ess5ce1 #dd2 to be compreh5sively & inw>dly conceiv$1 #dh2 ,buddhism1 gr[+ beyond mona/icism1 #fb;ff42 & wom51 #fd2 ,*9ese1 *>act]is$1 #ic2 p]secut$ 9 ,*9a1 #ie2 its influ5ce on ,taoism1 #ih2 act+ on ,confucian ideas1 #ii2 def9$1 #aja4 ,build] 7or design]1 gahk>a71 #aag2 see also ,ego4 ,bukk 7,fo-kuang71 or ,tsu-yan1 #bci;f42 8 tki-no-g1 #bda;fn4 ,bunki 7,w5-hsi71 sil5t1 #bha4 ,c&rott>a-drik ,stra1 7,*9ese7 #fd4 ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #b4 ,catu%kotika1 f\r logical propositions1 #bfj4 ,cause & ,effect 9 ! ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 ,sutra on !1 #cf;fn4 ,causation1 ! twelvefold *a9 (1 #cg1 #ee1 #eg1 #ajh1 #aag1 #abf1 #aec1 #aed2 see also "u ,orig9ation4 ,cetovimutti1 #fj4 ,*ao-*\1 see ,j%4 ,*#8ng-hao1 ,confucian philosoph]1 #ii4 ,*#8ng-i1 ,confucian philosoph]1 #ii4 ,*i5-ku1 #fi4 ,*ih-*iang-liang-l\1 a ,buddhi/ translator1 #aeh4 ,*ih-,i 7,*igi71 a ,buddhi/ philosoph]1 #id1 #ajj1 #adc1 #aij4 ,*ih-yeh 7,*iyaku71 a ,buddhi/ f ,india1 #bjb4 ,*ih-huang 7,*iko71 disciple ( ,hui-nng1 #bjh;f4 ,*9ese language1 z vehicle ( ,z51 #ccg;f4 ,*9ese m9d1 comp>$ ) ! ,indian1 #hc;ff42 practical1 #ij4 ,*-kei 7,*#8ang-*+71 8 tki-no-g1 #bcc;f42 on ,suigan's eyebr[s1 #bgi4 ,*osa 7,*#8ang-%a71 on ,nans5's dea?1 #ag2 on e>?worm1 #cac2 on ! self1 #bgc4 ,*yetsu 7,*#8ang-%uo71 a ,*9ese (fic]1 #aic4 ,*sui 7,*#8ang-%ui71 on ! evolution ( ! absolute1 #bgb4 ,*\-tun-i1 a ,*9ese philosoph]1 #ii4 ,*ri/1 9 ! light ( ,z51 #ccj4 ,*ri/ian my/ics1 #cec4 ,*ri/ianity1 & its f\nd]1 #ce;ff42 symbolic1 #ada4 ,*u 7,*ung71 ! national tea*]1 #cbg2 call+ to 8 att5dant1 #bhh4 ,*uang-tz1 #hi1 #ajj4 ,*u-hsi1 a ,*9ese philosoph]1 #ii4 ,citta1 #hj4 ,confucius1 #b1 #e1 #aj4 ,contradictions1 9 ,z51 #bfd;ff4 ,c\nt]-que/ion+1 9 ,z51 #bha;ff4 ,c[1 rev]$ by ! ,indians1 #cee2 on ! h]d+ (1 #cee2 gone out ( sight1 #cfd2 =gott51 #cfc2 on ! back (1 #cfb2 h]d+ !1 #cfa2 see+ ! traces ( !1 #ceh2 see+ !1 #cei2 cat*+ !1 #cfj2 look+ = !1 #ceg4 ,daizui 7,tai-sui71 on self1 #bhb4 ,d>uma 7or ,tamo71 see ,bodhi-,dh>ma4 ,democracy1 9 ! mona/]y1 #cac4 ,design] 7or build]1 gahk>a71 #aag4 ,dhammapda1 #ee1 #acd1 #ace4 ,dh>an1 #cbj;fn4 ,dh>ma1 !1 #eh2 & ,buddhi/ life1 #cg2 ! compreh5sive1 #ci2 manife/ 9 ! ,buddha1 #dj2 def9$1 #ej2 ! eye (1 #ec4 ,dh>makya1 #cd;fn41 #gf4 ,dhitaka1 a ,z5 patri>*1 #aei4 ,dhyna 7jhna71 & ,praj1 #cd;ff42 & ,z51 #fg;ff42 aga9/ ant9omianism1 #fg2 diff]5t k9ds (1 #ga;ff42 f\r k9ds (1 9 ! ,lakvatra1 #ha2 ! true1 def9$ 9 ! ,samyukta-gama1 #ha;fn42 di/+ui%$ f ,z51 #ic2 z a spiritual ex]cise1 #aed;f42 ! ,ta?gata1 #baj2 ! patri>*al1 #baj2 see also "u ,z54 ,direct action1 9 ,z51 #bgg;ff4 ,direct me?od1 9 ,z51 #bhc;ff4 ,discipl9e1 ,sutra on ! ,/ory (1 ,*9ese1 #ch4 ,discipl9e 7ik%a71 ! ?reefold1 #fi1 #ace4 ,dfuku 7,tao-fu71 disciple ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 #agg4 ,dg 7,tao-wu71 ,y5*i1 disciple ( ,yakusan1 kn[s n 8 ma/]1 #bfe2 ) ,yakusan1 #bhg4 ,dg1 ,t5no1 in/ruct+ ,rytan1 #bhg4 ,diku 7,tao-yu71 disciple ( ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 #aff1 #agg4 ,dsan 7,tung-%an71 #ig4 ,d%9 7,tao-hs971 #ahb1 #ahg2 & ,hyu 7,fa-jung71 #ahh;f4 ,dukha 7pa971 #ada4 ,ea/]n ,buddhi/1 !1 vi1 #a;fn4 ,eat+1 9 ! mona/]y1 #caj;ff4 ,eckh>t1 cit$1 #aad1 #bbc1 #bee1 #beh1 #bfh1 #bga1 #cje1 #cca;fn41 #cfd4 ,ego1 #d2 -c5tric1 #d2 -sub/ance1 n exi/5t1 #df1 #dg4 ,ekacitta 7"o ?\ght71 #aac4 ,ekott>a-gama1 #cd;fn41 #dj;fn4 ,em]son1 on imag9ation1 #bic4 ,empt9ess 7nat71 #agh;ff42 z pov]ty1 #ccf4 ,engakuji1 9 ,kamakura1 #cjf4 ,enlight5m5t1 & d>kness1 #ac2 ess5ce ( ,buddhism1 #dd2 & ,nirvana1 #de2 atta9able by u1 #dg2 its relation to ,z51 #di;ff42 z ! ,dh>ma1 #ej2 z ,nirvana1 #ea2 n intellectual1 #ef1 #aaa2 z f9al tru?1 #eg2 9 ! ,lakvatra1 #fj2 n discursive und]/&+1 #fa2 & spiritual fre$om1 #fb;ff42 full] expression ( life1 #gc2 n conceptual1 #ha2 9 ! ,saddh>ma-puarka1 #hd2 z a significant fact 9 ! ,buddha's life1 #aja2 & intellection1 #ajg2 & ignorance1 #ajg;ff42 & ! w1 #aai2 z affirmation1 #abg2 n nihili/ic1 #acj2 n a passive reflection1 #acb2 & samdhi 7or dhyna71 #acc;ff42 a return+1 #ach;ff42 & ! intellect1 #aci;ff42 syn!tical1 #ada2 n negative1 #add2 z ess5tial fact ( ,buddhism1 #aeb;ff42 z satori1 #bae2 grad$1 #cdi;ff4 ,ev]la/+ ,no1 #b4 ,ev]la/+ ,yea1 #b4 ,eye 7insight71 #aji4 ,exclamation1 9 ,z51 #bgh;ff4 ,fa-pao-tan-*+1 by ,hui-nng1 #bja;fn41 #bjb;f4 ,f+]1 po9t+ at ! moon1 #g4 ,fir/ ,fifty ,disc\rses ( ! ,buddha1 tr4 by ,slcra1 #cee;fn4 ,fre$om1 spiritual1 #aba4 ,fu-hsi 7,fuky1 or ,fudai%i71 #ahi1 #beh4 ,gaavyha ,stra1 ,*9ese1 #fd4 ,gant 7,y5-t\71 #bci;f4 ,g?s ( transmission1 #aei4 ,g5kaku 7,hsan-*iao71 #bjg4 ,g5kaku *o 7,hsan-*iao ,*ng72 on ,*u ! national tea*]1 #bhh;fn4 ,g5saku 7,hsan-t#8s71 #bjh;f4 ,g5%a 7,hsan-%a71 9 wat]1 #bgg2 on self1 #bgg2 on transp>5t cry/al1 #bgg;f42 on ! murmur+ ( a /ream1 #bgh2 & a piece ( cake1 #bgh2 on ,*u ! national tea*]1 #bhh;fn4 ,g5soku 7,hsan-t#8s71 & ! god ( fire1 #bid4 ,godai%i 7,wu-tao-tz71 & ! emp]or ,hsan-tsung1 #bib;f4 ,god-consci\sness1 9 ,z51 #ccf4 ,goroku 7,y-lu71 say+s1 ,,iii41 ,,iv42 ,*9ese colloquialism 91 #ig4 ,gozusan 7,niu-t\-%an71 #ahg4 8,gradual0 s*ool1 9 ,z51 #cej4 ,gunabhadra1 a translator ( ! ,lakvatra1 #gd1 #bjb4 ,gun9 7,hung-jn71 ! fif? patri>*1 #cj1 #aif1 #agc1 #ahg1 #ahi1 #aia4 ,gutei 7,*uh-*ih71 "o f+] ,z51 #bb;fn4 ,gw>91 7,wo-luan7 a disciple ( ! six? ,patri>*1 #bji4 ,haiky 7,p#8ei ,hsiu71 & baku1 #bff;f41 #bhi4 ,haku92 #bch;ff41 #bfg1 #cbg2 on ,ummon's 8,kwan60 #bgi2 ,song ( ,zas51 #cbb;f42 & 8 tea*] ,%ju1 #cbd;f4 ,hekigan%u1 an important book on ,z51 #bb;fn41 #cbj4 ,h]b]t1 ,george1 cit$1 #cje4 ,hima 7,pi-mo71 ) 8 =k$ /ick1 #bfa4 ,h9ayanism1 z ascetic =malism1 #fd4 ,h(uku 7,pao-fu71 #bb;fn42 on ,suigan's eyebr[s1 #bgi2 8 8= a :ile10 #bha4 ,hg5 7,fa-y571 on an in*'s diff]5ce1 #bge2 on "o drop ( wat]1 #bge;f42 on ,*u ! national tea*]1 #bhh;f42 ) ,g5soku1 #bid4 ,hokkezammai 7fa-hua san-mei71 #adc4 ,hkoji 7,p#8ang ,yun71 on ! companionless man1 #af2 ,*9ese ,vimalakrti1 #ag2 on draw+ wat]1 #cjf1 #cjf;fn4 ,hji ,bunk9 7,pao-tz#8 ,w5-*#8971 on ev]yday ?\ght1 #bdh4 ,hn5 ,%n91 #cd;fn4 ,h%i 7,pao-*ih71 #ahi4 ,hossu1 #bj4 ,hy5 7,fa-y571 ( ,gosozan1 on ,h>yo ,kan1 #ajc2 8 tki-no-g1 #bcd2 on 8 own portrait1 #bcg2 8 s]mon1 #bga2 & ! yogcra1 #bge2 s]mon on burgl>y1 #bif;f42 on too mu* ,z51 #cca2 s]mon on /aff1 #cde4 ,hsiang-y51 see ,kyg54 ,hsi5-*\ 7,g5ju71 a great ,buddhi/ philosoph]1 #ajj4 ,hs+-sz1 see ,seig5 ,gy%i4 ,hsan-*uang 7,g5j ,sanzo71 #ib1 #ajj4 ,huang-nieh1 see baku4 ,hui-*ung1 see ,*u ! national tea*]4 ,hui-k#81 see ,yeka4 ,hui-nng1 see ,y5o4 ,hui-sz 7,ye%i71 a ,*9ese ,buddhi/ tea*]1 #adc4 ,humility1 taught 9 ! mona/]y1 #cah4 ,hyakujo 7,pai-*ang71 #afc2 & wild geese1 #bbe4 roll+ up ! matt+1 #bcb2 deaf5$ by ,baso's 8,kwats60 #bhj2 z f\nd] ( ,z5 mona/]y1 #cja2 on c[-h]d+1 #cef4 ,hyakujo1 ,nehan1 #ac1 #bdg1 #bhf4 ,hyakujo ,%+i1 regulations ( ! ,z5 mona/]y1 #cja4 ,ibnu ',i-,f>id1 a ,p]sian my/ic1 #cec4 ,i-*+ 7,gij71 a ,*9ese pilgrim & translator1 #ib4 ,ignorance1 avidy1 #a1 #dg2 h[ conqu]$1 #aaa2 n cognitive1 #aaf;ff42 & ego1 #abj1 #abf4 ,iku1 or ,tory 7,tu-l+ ,yu71 8 tki-no-g1 #bcd;f4 ,immortality1 #ag4 ,indian imag9ation1 & ! ,mahayana texts1 #hd4 ,in%u 7,y9-tsung71 conv]t$ by ,y5o1 #aig4 ,insight1 its synonyms 9 ,sanskrit1 #aab;ff42 see also eye 7cakkhu74 ,intellect1 di/urb+1 #f4 ,isan 7,wei-%an71 pick+ tea-leaves1 #bhi1 #cad2 9 ! remote m\nta9s1 #cbg4 ,i%9 ,seig5 7,wei-hs9 ,*#89-yan71 8 view ( ,z51 #ab4 ,islamic ,my/icism1 by ,r4 ,d4 ,ni*olson1 #cec;f4 ,itivuttaka1 #aca1 #acc4 ,jimyo 7,tz-m+71 on du/1 #bb2 8 c\nt]-que/ion+1 #bhb2 & ,suigan ,ka%91 #bie;f4 ,j9%u 7,%n-hsiu71 #aia1 #aic1 #bja1 #bah4 ,j-jza 7,t+ ! monk71 & ,r9zai1 #bdc2 ) ,buddhi/ s*ol>s1 #bij;f4 ,j%u 7,*ao-*\71 on ,z51 #ajb2 8,?r[ x d[n60 #afb2 no abid+ place1 #bje;fn42 on wa%+ di%es1 #bbd2 8,mu01 #bcf1 #bdj2 "o ultimate ^w1 #bef1 #bef;fn42 on pov]ty1 #bei2 on ,nans5's cat1 #bfb2 on 8 new robe1 #bfh2 "o ?+ abid+1 #bfi2 on ,praj1 #bgc2 8 c\nt]-que/ion+1 #bhb2 8 direct me?od1 #bhf2 on ,*u ! national tea*]1 #bhh;fn42 on du/1 #cac2 cry+ 8fire60 #cac2 & an old woman1 #cbh;f42 8 /one bridge1 #cbi2 on a cry/al1 #cda2 on ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 #cda4 ,kaisu 7,*#8i-sung71 a ,*9ese hi/orian1 #aeh4 ,kakuan 7,k#8uo-an71 on t5 c[-h]d+ pictures1 #cee4 ,kan ( ,h>yo 7,pa-,l+ ,*i571 #ajc4 ,k>ma1 #hf4 ,ka?a-,upani%ad1 #aad4 8,ke*imyak-ron10 "o ( ! ,six ,essays by ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 quot$1 #bai;ff4 ,kegon 7,avatasaka71 #ed1 #afj4 ,keisan 7,*i-%an71 #beg;fn4 ,k5a-,upani%ad1 #cj;fn41 #adc;fn4 ,k5%o1 see+ into "o's nature1 #cdi4 ,kevaddha ,sutta1 #fi;fn41 #hh4 ,kido 7,hs-t#8ang71 on ! evolution ( ! absolute1 #bgb;f4 ,kisu 7,kuei-tsung71 we$+1 #bgj4 ,k-an1 ,,iv41 #bci;f41 #bej2 its mean+ expla9$1 #cai;fn4 ,koboku ,g5 7,k#8u-mu ,yan71 on pov]ty1 #ccd;f4 ,kh 7,kao-fng71 8 ,z5 exp]i5ce1 #bcf;ff4 ,kr9 7,hsiang-l971 tir$ ) sitt+1 #bfh4 ,kzankoku 7,huang-%an-ku71 & ,kwaido1 #bcj4 ,kumrajva1 #ajj4 ,kwanzan1 #cbg4 ,kwasan 7,h-%an71 8 drum1 #bfi4 8,kwatsu60 7h71 #bb2 f\r =ms (1 #bhj4 ,kyg5 7,hsiang-y571 #baj2 8 satori1 #bbg;f42 a man up 9 a tree1 #bfc2 on pov]ty1 #ccd4 ,kyzan 7,yang-%an71 on ,isan's mirror1 #bfb2 & ,san%o1 #bhb2 pick+ tea-leaves1 #cad4 ,kwan*u 7,huan-*ung71 on ,praj1 #bgc4 ,lalita-vi/>a1 #adf4 ,lakvatra ,stra1 #fj1 #hb1 #id1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #afa1 #agc;ff41 #aic1 #bjb1 #ccf;f42 n "o ^w utt]$1 #ee2 ?ree ,*9ese translations (1 #gd2 its special features discuss$1 #ge2 a hymn cit$ f1 #gf2 its ma9 !sis1 #gf2 passages (t5 repeat$ 91 #hj2 quotation f ! fir/ *apt] (1 #hg;ff42 on abrupt und]/&+1 #bjj4 ,lao-tz1 #cj;fn41 #ajj1 #cce4 ,lawr5ce1 ,bro!r1 #ah1 #cje4 8,le>n+ by do+10 9 ! mona/]y1 #cae4 ,liang-*iu 78= a little :ile071 #bha4 ,lieh-tz1 #hi1 #ccj1 #cea;ff4 ,life1 z affirmation1 #b2 suff]+1 #c2 ass]tion (1 #bhe4 ,lightn+ simile1 #bcj;f41 #bda1 #bhd4 ,l9-*i1 see ,r9zai4 ,lohicca1 #fi;fn4 ,mdhyamika1 !1 #ij1 #ajj1 #afj4 ,mahkyapa1 or ,kyapa1 #di1 #gd1 #aee1 #aei4 ,mahli-sutta1 #ej;fn41 #abc1 #acb4 ,mahpadna-suttanta1 #ch;fn41 #ajh4 ,mahp>9ibbna1 #fi4 ,mahp>9irvna ,stra1 ,*9ese1 #bbj;fn4 ,mahsaghikas1 #db4 ,mahayana1 traceable 9 ,h9ayana1 #dh4 ,mahayanism1 & lib]t9ism1 #fd4 ,mahyutpatti1 #gj;fn4 ,maitreya1 #he4 ,majjhima-nikya1 #adf1 #adg4 ,manas1 #hj4 ,majur1 #fd1 #hf1 #ij2 z ,praj1 #bgc4 ,maitams1 7self-ass]tion71 #acf4 ,manovijna1 #hj4 ,manura1 ! tw5ty-second patri>* ( ,z51 #aei4 ,ma-tsu1 see ,baso4 ,matur+1 ( ,z5 life1 #cbg;f4 ,maudgalyyana1 #eh4 ,mayoku 7,ma-ku71 & ,rysui1 #bhh4 ,mean+less affirmation1 9 ,z51 #bfg;ff4 ,m$itation1 #ha2 9 ,z51 #ai1 #bj;fn41 #bjf;ff42 five objects (1 #gb;fn42 t5 objects (1 #gb;fn42 m$itations on food1 ?ree1 #caj2 five1 #caj4 ,m$itation ,hall1 ,,iv41 #bd1 #cja;ff4 ,m5cius1 #d4 ,m]itlessness1 #ccj2 m]itless de$s1 #ccf4 ,miracles1 ,buddhi/ view (1 #abc;fn4 ,mok%a1 #eb2 see also ,vimok%a4 ,mona/]y life1 describ$1 #cji;f42 practical1 #cje4 ,mond 7que/ions & answ]s71 #bbb1 #bef4 ,monks1 z lab\r]s1 #cab4 ,moon1 & a f+]1 #f4 ,mu-*\1 see ,bokuj4 ,mumon 7,wu-m571 on pov]ty1 #cc4 ,mus ,koku%i1 #cba2 8 exhortation1 #cba4 ,my-jza 7,m+ ! ,monk71 #aie4 ,my/ics & ,sa9ts ( ,islam1 by ,claud ,field1 #bbe;fn4 ,na-li5-ya-%1 a ,buddhi/ translator f ,india1 #aeh4 ,nan-*#8an1 see ,nans54 ,nangaku 7,nan-yeh71 #baj1 #bab1 #bbb1 #bcf2 & 8 disciples1 #cea4 ,nans5 7,nan-*#8an71 #ag1 #cj1 #afc1 #bib2 ev]yday ?\ght1 #bdh2 & 8 cat1 #bfb4 ,ngrjuna1 #ee1 #ef1 #ajj1 #afa1 #cee;fn4 ,nany9 7,nan-yan17 #baj4 ,nan-yeh1 see ,nangaku4 ,negation1 9 ,z51 #bfj;ff4 ,n5ro1 comm5t>y rem>k peculi> to ,z51 #bbe4 ,nigrodha1 #fh4 ,nirvana1 #cg1 #de1 #aja2 9 sams>a1 #ac2 n annihilation1 #dg2 9 enlight5m5t1 #ea2 ! anupdie%a1 #ea1 #fc2 condition$ by sams>a1 #gi2 9 ,sutta ,nipata1 #aca;f42 describ$ z security1 #adg4 ,nirva ,stra1 ,*9ese1 #aic1 #aig1 see also ,mahp>9irvna4 ,noble ,tru?1 ! ,f\rfold1 #cg1 #ci1 #ed1 #ee1 #eg1 #if1 #aac1 #aaf1 #abh;f4 #ada1 #aed4 8,no "w1 no eat+10 #cjb;f4 ,non-a*ievem5t1 #bah4 ,non-atta*m5t1 #afa1 #cce;f4 ,non-ego1 #cg1 #aec1 #aed4 ,nyoi1 #bj4 baku 7,huang-po71 #i1 #afc1 #bah2 ) 8 /aff1 #bhe;f42 ) ,haiky1 #bhi2 & ,r9zai1 #bia2 ) a hoe1 #cad4 kubo ,%ibun1 & 8 bamboo picture1 #bei;f4 8,"o ?\ght0 7ekacitta71 #ef1 #aac4 ,"o voice 7ekav>a71 #dc;fn4 ,orategama1 a collection ( lett]s by ,haku91 #bch4 ,orig9al face1 !1 #aie1 #baj4 ,orig9ation1 !ory or *a9 ( 7prattya-samutpda71 #df1 #ff;fn41 #if1 #adb;f42 see also ,causation4 ,pai-*ang1 see ,hyakujo4 ,pali ,text ,society1 ,j\rnal (1 #aaa4 ,pa1 #aji2 & enlight5m5t1 #abf2 its ,pali synonyms1 #aab;ff42 ,see also ,praj4 ,pa-vimutti1 #fj4 ,pao-l9-*#8uan1 a lo/ ,z5 hi/ory1 #aeh4 ,p>adox1 9 ,z51 #beh;ff4 ,p>amr?a1 or p>amr?asatya1 #gi1 #bjb4 ,pramits1 virtues ( p]fection1 #agj4 ,p>ikalpana 7or vikalpa71 #aac4 ,p>9ibbna-suttanta1 #da;fn42 see also ,mahp>9ibbna-suttanta4 ,paticca-samuppda1 #aad1 #aaf1 #abi2 see also ,orig9ation & ,causation4 ,patri>*s1 ! tw5ty-eight1 #aeg4 ,pieh-*i1 a ,z5 docum5t1 #agb4 ,pi-kwan1 wall-gaz+1 #afg1 #aga;ff4 ,plat=m ,sutra1 by ,hui-nng1 #bji2 see also ,fa-pao-tan-*+4 ,plot9us1 #bfh4 ,pov]ty1 9 ,z51 #ccc;ff4 ,praj1 #eb;ff41 #fa1 #fe1 #ff1 #id1 #aac1 #acd;ff41 #bgc1 #bge2 see also ,pa1 & "u ,dhyna & ,enlight5m5t4 ,praj-pramit ,stra1 #hh1 #ij1 #ia1 #ajj1 #ajc1 #adb;fn41 #afa1 #bje;fn41 #bff2 ! philosophy (1 #acf;f42 its s*ool1 #hj4 ,pratytmajna1 or -goc>a1 #gf;ff41 #ha1 #ia1 #aec4 ,prodigal son1 !1 9 ! ,buddhi/ texts1 #adj;ff4 ,raft1 ! simile (1 #acf;ff4 ,rakuho 7,le-p#8u71 8 8,kwats60 #bhj4 ,rasan 7,lo-%an71 8 c\nt]-que/ion+1 #bhb4 ,rvana1 #gg1 #hg4 ,records ( ! ,"r ,transmission1 a ,z5 hi/ory by ,*#8i-sung1 #aeh4 ,records ( ! ,spread ( ! ,lamp1 a ,z5 hi/ory by ,li ,tsun-hs1 #aef4 ,records ( ! ,transmission ( ! ,lamp1 a ,z5 hi/ory by ,tao-yan1 #aef1 #aeh1 #afd1 #aff1 #bjd4 ,refuge =mula1 ! ?reefold1 #fb4 ,reiun 7,l+-yn71 on ! appe>ance ( ! ,buddha1 #bhe4 ,religion ( ! ,samurai1 by ,kwait5 ,nuk>iya1 v4 ,repetition1 9 ,z51 #bga;ff4 ,return+1 #aci2 to ! 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(1 #cg1 #ee4 #if1 #aec1 #aed4 ,rightful ,l9eage ( ! ,skya ,doctr9e1 a hi/ory ( ,*9ese ,buddhism1 #afc4 ,r9zai 7l9-*i71 #aij1 #baj1 #bha2 on a man ( no title1 #h;f42 on /aff1 #ba2 ! s*ool (1 #bab2 on baku's ,buddhism1 #bcb2 & baku1 #bia2 8 8,kwats60 #bgi;f42 8 8r\gh0 me?od1 #bij2 ) a hoe1 #cad2 s]mon on ,z5 life1 #cca;f4 ,r9zairoku1 ,say+s ( ,r9zai1 #cbj4 ,risan 7li-%an71 #bef;fn4 ,rusk91 #ae4 ,rysui 7,liang-sui71 answ]+ ,mayoku1 #bhh4 ,ryttan 7,lung-t#8an71 receiv+ in/ructions f ,dg1 #bhg4 ,saddh>ma-puarka ,stra1 #dc;fn41 #ed1 #fa1 #ff1 #hd1 #hi1 #aic4 #cee;f4 ,sai-an 7,*i-an71 & ,vairocana ,buddha1 #afb4 ,samdhi1 #id1 #bjh;f42 di/+ui%$ f dyhna1 #gj2 its synonyms1 #gj4 ,sma-phala ,sutta1 #fh1 #fi;fn41 #ga;fn41 #abh1 #aca4 ,sasra1 #gi4 ,samyutta-nikya1 #ei1 #adb;fn4 ,s&hana1 a foll[] ( ! ,buddha1 #fh4 ,sangha1 #fh4 ,san%o 7,san-%ng7 #baj2 & ,kyzan1 #bhb4 ,sanz51 #cbc;f4 riputra1 #fa1 #hf2 8 spiritual atta9m5t1 #eh2 9 ! ,puarika1 #fa4 ,satori1 7awak5+71 #ai1 #bd1 #bae;ff42 z intuitive und]/&+1 #baf2 & conv]sion1 #bag2 z k5-% 7*i5-hs+71 #bai2 n discursive1 #bbh2 & m5tal ef=t1 #bca2 & self-sugge/ion1 #bdd2 absolutely ne$$ 9 ,z51 #bdd;f42 n m$itation1 #bdf2 & see+ ,god1 #bdf2 intimate exp]i5ce1 #bdg2 n abnormal1 #bdh2 & fre$om1 #bdi2 z enlight5m5t1 #bdi4 ,s*op5hau]1 #add4 ,sec* 7,hseh-t\71 compil] ( ,hekigan1 #bb;fn42 on ,ummon's 8,kwan60 #bgi4 ,secret ,virtue1 #cbh;ff4 ,seig5 ,gy%i 7,*#8+-yan ,hs+-sz71 ! s\rce ( ! ,soto1 #bab4 ,seizei 7,*#8+-%i71 #bei;fn4 ,seki1 ,seisetsu1 #ceg;fn4 ,sekis 7,%ih-%uang71 on ! ultimate fact1 #bhf4 ,sekit 7,%ih-t#8ou71 #ag1 #afc1 #aij1 #aii1 #bfd4 ,self-suff]+1 9 ,z51 #cbi4 ,sng-t#8san1 see ,ssan4 ,ses%9 p]iod1 #cai;ff4 ,%>i 7rra71 #caf4 ,%n-hsui1 see ,j9%u4 ,%5g-*\-*i1 a lo/ ,z5 hi/ory1 #aeh4 ,%ifuku 7,tzu-fu71 sil5t1 #bha4 ,%ih-t#8ou1 see ,sekit4 ,%iko 7,tz-hu71 on e>?worm1 #cad4 ,%9 sect1 z 8o!r-p[]10 v4 ,%+on1 #afj2 & ,sw$5borg1 #de;fn4 ,%9ko 7,%n-kuang71 #agf;f42 see also ,yeka4 ,%9ran1 #cd;fn4 ,%ipp1 #bj4 ,%k 7,%ng-kuang71 on e>?worm1 #cad4 ,%uan 7,%\-an71 on pov]ty1 #ccc4 ,%ujy1 #bj4 ,%uk 7,*u-hung71 on ang]1 #cag;f4 ,%uzan 7,%u-%an71 #bef;fn42 on %ipp1 #bfa2 on ,buddhism1 #bfi2 8 8= a :ile10 #bha4 ik%n&a1 a translator ( ! ,lakvatra1 #gd4 ,sil5ce1 9 ,z51 #bhj;f42 ,vimalakrti's #bhj2 & ,z5 ma/]s1 #bha4 ,six ,essays by ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 #bah2 see also "u ,bodhi-,dh>ma4 ,six? ,patri>*1 see ,y5o4 ,sji 7,tsung-*ih71 #agg4 ,sonad&a1 ! ,brahman1 #adb;fn4 ,sorr[1 sanctify+1 #d4 ,ssan 7,sng-t#8san71 #aha;ff42 8 writ+1 #ahb;ff4 ,st s*ool1 !1 #bab4 ,sotba 7,su ,tung-p#8o71 on ,m\nt ,lu1 #aa;f4 ,%aku1 ,soy51 vii4 ,sozan 7,ts#8ao-%an71 sil5ce reveal$ by1 #bha4 ,spirits1 f$ at meal1 #caa4 rml ,stra1 ,*9ese1 #fd4 ,/4 ,francis1 on "w1 #cjc;f4 ,/haviras1 #da4 ,sudhana1 #fd4 ,suff]+1 #c1 #d4 ,sufis1 #cec4 ,suibi 7,ts#8ui-wei71 ,mugaku1 on ,tanka1 #cag4 ,suibi 7,ts#8ui-y571 on 8 eyebr[s1 #bgi4 ,suigan ,ka%91 & ,jimy1 #bie;f4 ,sukhvativyha ,stra1 #dc;fn4 ,sum]u1 ,m\nt1 #hg4 ,sumiye-pa9t+1 & ,z51 #bhd4 nyat1 empt9ess1 #dg1 #ef1 #hj1 #ajj4 ,sup]naturalism1 ,indian1 #hf2 miracles1 wond]s1 etc41 #hh1 #ij4 ragama ,stra1 ,*9ese1 #bgb4 ,sutta ,nipata1 #ej;fn41 #acj1 #acb4 ,sw$5borg1 #de;fn4 ,tai-an1 on c[-h]d+1 #cef4 ,taigi 7tai-i71 fixation1 #bch;f4 ,tanka 7,tan-hsia71 burn+ a ,buddha's image1 #caf;f4 8,tat twam asi10 #beh4 ,ta?agata1 8 k1 #abb4 ,ta?gata-dhyna1 #hb4 ,ta?gata-g>bha1 #gh1 #hj4 ,ta?at1 #gi4 ,tao-hsan1 a ,buddhi/ hi/orian1 #afc;ff4 ,tao-%91 see ,ssan4 ,tao-wu1 see ,dg4 ,tao-yan1 a ,z5 hi/orian1 #afd;ff4 ,taul]1 #cje1 #ccc4 ,tei%o1 ,z5 lecture1 #cbj4 ,t5 ,c[-h]d+ ,pictures1 #cdi;ff4 ,t5dai1 #ed2 & ,z51 #aij4 ,t5nyson1 #bj4 ,t5ryu 7,t#8i5-lung71 8"o f+]0 ,z51 #bb;fn42 8 c\nt]-que/ion+1 #bhb4 ,t5ryji1 9 ,kyoto1 #cba1 #ceg;fn4 ,t]/eg51 #bgh4 ,t-%an1 see ,tokusan4 ,tes%ikaku 7,t#8ieh-tsui ,*iao71 kn[s n 8 ma/]1 #bfe4 ,tevijja1 #ej;fn4 ,?ree conceptions ( be+1 #bij4 ,tki-no-g1 #bcc2 by ,*kei1 #bbc;f42 by ,hy5 ,goso1 #bcd2 by ,y5go1 #bcd2 by ,y5ju1 #bcd2 by ,yda951 #bce2 by ,iku ( ,tory1 #bce2 by ,bukk1 #bda;fn4 ,t-,impo 7,tng-y9-fng71 cru%+ ,baso's legs1 #bia4 ,tokusan 7,t-%an71 on /aff1 #ba2 & ! 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