,transcrib]'s ,note ,italic text display$ z3 italic ,,septemb]1 #aiah ,h[ ! ,%ortage ( ,skill$ ,me*anics ,is ,be+ ,ov]come by ,tra9+ ! ,unskill$ ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,section ,,on ,,indu/rial ,,tra9+ ,,= ,,! ,,w> ,,em]g5cy ,,committee ,,on ,,labor ,,c\ncil ,,( ,,national ,,def5se4 ,,section ,,on ,,indu/rial ,,tra9+ ,,= ,,! ,,w> ,,em]g5cy ,national ,committee ,,repres5t+ ,,labor3 ,,frank ,,duffy1 ,g5]al ,secret>y1 ,unit$ ,bro!rhood ( ,c>p5t]s & ,jo9]s ( ,am]ica1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,,hugh ,,frayne1 ,g5]al ,organiz]1 ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 #gjf ,c\ncil ( ,national ,def5se ,bldg41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 #a;,,john ,,gold51 ,presid5t1 ,unit$ ,textile ,work]s ( ,am]ica1 #hf-hg ,bible ,h\se1 ,new ,york4 ,,grant ,,hamilton1 ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,ar?ur ,e4 ,,hold]1 ,memb] ,f$]al ,bo>d ( ,vocational ,education1 ,ouray ,build+1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,miss ,,flor5ce ,c4 ,,?orne1 ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,*>les ,h4 ,,w9sl[1 ,f$]al ,bo>d ( ,vocational ,education1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,repres5t+ ,,employ]s3 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,gei]1 ,presid5t1 ,c9c9nati ,mill+ ,ma*9e ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,,h5ry ,m4 ,,lel&1 ,presid5t1 ,l9coln ,motor ,company1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,c4 ,e4 ,,mi*ael1 ,presid5t1 ,virg9ia ,bridge ,iron ,company1 ,roanoke1 ,va4 #a,,p]cy ,s4 ,,/raus1 ,r4 ,h4 ,macy ,co41 #acag ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 #b;,h4 ,e4 ,,miles1 ,=m]ly ,presid5t1 ,wiscons9 ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,vocational ,education1 ,*airman1 ,com4 on ,indu/rial ,education1 ,national ,association ( ,manufactur]s1 ,rac9e1 ,wis4 ,c4 ,u4 ,,c>p5t]1 ,works ,manag]1 ,dayton ,record+ ,comput+ ,ma*9e ,company1 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 ,g4 ,b4 ,,duffield 7,*airman1 ,mi*igan ,bran* ,committee71 ,detroit ,lubricator ,company1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,,repres5t+ ,,education ,,& ,,welf>e3 ,s4 ,w4 ,,a%e 7,*airman1 ,new ,engl& ,bran* ,committee71 ,*airman1 ,education & ,welf>e ,dep>tm5t1 ,g5]al ,electric ,co41 ,pittsfield1 ,mass4 ,,john ,c4 ,,frazee 7,*airman1 ,p5nsylvania ,bran* ,committee71 ,memb] ( ,/ate ,committee ( ,public ,safety1 #gjd ,f9ance ,bldg41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #a;,c4 ,r4 ,,dooley1 ,educational ,dep>tm5t1 ,we/+h\se ,electric ,manufactur+ ,co41 ,ea/ ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,r4 ,o4 ,,small1 ,deputy ,commission] ( ,education1 ,/ate ,h\se1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,,dr4 ,,*>les ,,mcc>?y1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,*ief1 ,ref]5ce ,libr>y1 ,madison1 ,wis4 ,,alv9 ,e4 ,,dodd1 ,national ,society = ! ,promotion ( ,indu/rial ,education1 #adj ,we/ #db;d ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,tra9+ = ,w> ,indu/ries1 :i* 0 h]et(ore develop$ "u ! ,,section ,,on ,,indu/rial ,,tra9+ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,national ,def5se1 has be5 tak5 ov] by ! ,,tra9+ ,,& ,,dilution ,,s]vice ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,labor #fah #ag,,? ,,/41 ,n4 ,w4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 to :om all correspond5ce %\ld be address$4 #a ,executive ,committee4 #b ,*airman4 ,,int5sive ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,unskill$ ,,work]s ,,z ,a ,,means ,,( ,,ov]com+ ,,labor ,,%ortage ,! ,committee on ,labor1 ,advisory ,commission ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,national ,def5se1 ( :i* ,samuel ,gomp]s is *airman1 au?orizes ! foll[+ f ! ,(ficial ,bullet9 ( ,augu/ #ad3 ,! grave situation ( %ortage ( labor 7x n[ be+ e/imat$ t !re is a %ortage ( #bej1jjj skill$ work]s#c7 is be+ met by a new quick me?od ( tra9+ op]atives4 ,all ov] ! c\ntry1 day by day1 "o factory aft] ano!r falls into l9e & puts 9 a tra9+ dep>tm5t to tra9 its own p--! same sort ( quick1 int5sive-tra9+ plan to meet ! same sort ( situation :i* ! regulations 9 ,france prescribe = e manufactur] employ+ #cjj p or m1 & ! ,engli% m9i/ry ( munitions requires 9 its contracts = mat]ials4 ,& ! situation mu/ be met 9 great] degree & sub/antially all factories mu/ tra9 _! work]s if ! #gej1jjj new skill$ work]s :i* ! c\ntry ne$s by ,janu>y #a are skill$ & effici5t & /&+ at _! job by t "t4 #c ,note3 ,septemb] #cj1 n[ e/imat$ #ejj1jjj4 ,,prov$ ,,by ,,! ,,factories ,to-day #ajjd important factories mak+ w> ord]s are prov+ t x is possible to tra9 _! own m54 ,!y d n assume to tea* a work] a :ole trade 9 ! brief "t available4 ,!y d tea* him by ! me?ods ( ! tra9+ dep>tm5t h[ to ma/] "o process or "o ma*9e 9 a few weeks or a few days4 ,^! #ajj factories are sp5d+1 or prep>+ to sp5d1 at ! rate ( #a1ejj1jjj solely 9 ?is bus9ess ( int5sive tra9+ ( new work]s4 ,?is tra9+ inve/m5t is n an exp5se1 z ! tra9+ is imm$iately ^u production & ! product f ! tra9+ room is expect$ to equal t 9 ! factory4 ,all ! tra9+ dep>tm5ts m5tion$ are on a production basis at all times1 ) spe$ & accuracy z ! wat*word4 #d ,note3 ,septemb] #cj1 n[ #bjj4 ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,policy ,"o ye> ago t section ( ! committee on labor ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,national ,def5se :i* has be5 in/rum5tal 9 develop+ ! tra9+ dep>tm5t or ve/ibule s*ools above not$ record$ ! foll[+ z its decl>ation ( policy3 8,! ,section on ,indu/rial ,tra9+ = ! ,w> ,em]g5cy is conc]n$ ) indu/rial tra9+ only z a w> measure4 ,x is n conc]n$ ) vocational education 9 g5]al4 ,9 all cases 9 ! exi/+ crisis %ortage ( labor mu/ be met fir/ by tra9+ op]atives f alli$ trades :o are unemploy$ & by advanc+ op]atives ( ability f l[] to high] positions 9 ! occupation itself4 ,= in/ance1 appr5tices %\ld be advanc$ r ?an outsid]s4 ,x is possible t _m sew+ wom5 w be )\t "w1 & _m m5 9 ! build+ trades4 ,= all su*1 new & fitt+ places mu/ be develop$ :]e possible4 ,non-wage e>n]s mu/ n be tra9$ to take places = :i* unemploy$ wage e>n]s may reasonably be tra9$40 ,at ! same "t ! section on indu/rial tra9+ /at$ ! foll[+ to be its plan & scope3 #a4 ,increas$ use ( ! public vocational s*ools ?r\gh ! co-op]ation ( local manufactur]s4 ,?is is be+ done v =tunately 9 ,worce/]1 ,bridgeport & "s o!r cities4 #b4 ,introduce new work]s1 m5 & wom51 into indu/ry ?r\gh ^! s*ools4 #c4 ,arrange = ! tra9+ ( pres5t me*anics & o!rs 9 exi/+ workrooms 9 connection ) regul> production1 & by m sci5tific proc$ure ?an h]et(ore4 #d4 ,z ( p>ticul> importance1 act z a cle>+ h\se1 t ! judgm5t & exp]i5ce1 good & bad1 9 ea* locality may be available to all4 ,! section on indu/rial tra9+1 a "p ( ! welf>e division ( ! committee on labor1 is compos$ ( "o-?ird repres5tatives ( labor1 "o-?ird employ]s & "o-?ird exp]ts 9 factory tra9+4 ,/ate committees simil>ly organiz$ h be5 develop$ :]e w> products are be+ made4 ,!re are at pres5t n9e associate bran* committees ( ! section on indu/rial tra9+1 :i* are ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 ,mi*igan1 ,new ,engl&1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,new ,york1 ,ohio1 ,p5nsylvania & ,wiscons94 ,,keep+ ,,*eck ,,on ,,tra9+ ,! section recomm5ds ?ree *ecks on ! factory tra9+ dep>tm5t1 to be made daily by report3 #a4 ,h[ _m op]atives are s5t into ! factory8 7,if ?is 7 ! only te/ !y might be s5t 9 too fa/ & only p>tly tra9$47 #b4 ,co/1 net1 aft] cr$it+ production :i* %\ld equal ! %op av]age4 #c4 ,wa/age4--,!re %\ld be none4 ,!re %\ld be #ajj p] c5t4 ,gov]nm5t inspection4 ,^! tra9+ dep>tm5ts1 because ( ! ?or\gh tra9+ giv51 h yield$ f #aj to #dj p] c5t4 increase 9 production1 bo? = m5 & wom51 & ! labor turnov] has be5 r$uc$ mat]ially !reby4 ,great c>e has be5 tak5 to advocate t unemploy$ m5 be adapt$ & tra9$ 9 new trades = ! p]iod ( ! w> & t unskill$ m5 be educat$ :]ev] possible be=e resort+ to ! employm5t ( wom54 ,,possibilities ,,( ,,developm5t ,z an indication ( ! possibilities ( ?is developm5t1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey co-op]at+ ) ?is section may be cit$4 ,9 ord] to ov]come possible objection :i* labor might h to ! introduction ( em]g5cy tra9+ a program 0 agre$ on1 aft] a s]ies ( conf]5ces1 :i* 0 he>tily approv$ by all ! employ]s & by ! repres5tatives ( ! employees4 ,"s ( ! clauses ( ?is agreem5t are z foll[s3 8,all skill$ labor available )9 ! surr\nd+ t]ritory %\ld be br\ght into ! ess5tial w> indu/ries be=e x is unduly dilut$ by ! introduction ( unskill$ labor4 ,:5 su* dilution is necess>y1 & 9 ! op9ion ( ! committee t "t has already arriv$1 ! m skill$ activities %\ld be suppli$ by tra9+ ^? already at "w & successful 9 h&l+ ! less] skill$ activities ( ! same g5]al type4 ,! less] skill$ activities %\ld be suppli$ by tra9+ ^? already skill$ 9 non-ess5tial activities & n engag$ at pres5t 9 ess5tial w> indu/ries1 & :o1 because ( su* skill1 are peculi>ly capable ( quickly le>n+ ! rudim5ts ( ! new activities4 8,exploitation ( labor & r$uction ( wages ?r\gh dilution = w> purposes is to be avoid$1 & to ?is end p]sons br\ght into an ess5tial indu/ry1 or promot$ f "o grade ( "w to ano!r1 are to be paid ! prevail+ rate ( wages = ! class ( "w = :i* !y h be5 tra9$1 aft] a tra9+ p]iod ( reasonable duration4 8,dilution ( labor by ! employm5t ( wom5 :5 necess>y is recomm5d$1 provid$ wom5 receive wages equal to m5 = ! class ( "w p]=m$ by !m1 & provid$ ! work+ conditions surr\nd+ _! activities are c>efully controll$ = _! com=t & well-be+40 ,,elim9at+ ,,h\s+ ,,problem ,"o int]e/+ result ( tra9+ resid5t unemploy$ is ! practical elim9ation ( ! h\s+ problem 9 c]ta9 in/ances4 ,?is is exemplifi$ 9 ! city ( ,detroit1 :]e x is e/imat$ t #ej1jjj additional me*anics w be ne$$ be=e ! end ( ! ye>4 ,if ^? n[ engag$ 9 ! w> plants c\ld be advanc$ to m skill$ positions1 & _! places be fill$ by pres5t resid5ts ( ,detroit engag$ 9 non-ess5tial or unskill$ indu/ries1 or ^? n n[ at "w1 ! ne$ = h\s+ ( ! #ej1jjj me*anics ) _! families c\ld be1 if n entirely1 at lea/1 9 "p1 elim9at$4 ,all :o h tri$ ^! int5sive me?ods ( tra9+ are happily surpris$ at ! %ortness ( "t requir$ to make skill$ op]atives = precision "w 9 tool room & factory ( m5 f non-ess5tial trades & ( ! m intellig5t wom5 n[ ent]+ indu/ry = ! w>4 ,,activities ,,( ,,! ,,*airman ,to /imulate ef=t & ar\se int]e/ 9 tra9+ ! idle & pot5tial work]s 9 ea* community1 z well z to facilitate ! up-grad+ ( ! old op]atives1 ! sectional *airman has travel$ f "o manufactur+ c5t] to ano!r = ! pa/ #ab mon?s1 address+ lead+ metal1 ma*9e-tool1 & o!r manufactur]s' associations4 ,he has also actually assi/$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ve/ibule ,tra9+ ,dep>tm5ts 9 ! plants4 ,bo? s+le %ops & great indu/rial communities are act+ ^u ! advice ( ?is section1 :i* w furni% exp]ts = inve/igation & plann+ ^u reque/4 ,,pratt ,,in/itute',s ,,national ,,s]vice ,,c\rses ,,9 ,,ma*9e ,,"w ,z a contribution to indu/rial tra9+ = ! w> em]g5cy1 ,pratt ,in/itute is conduct+ day & ev5+ c\rses 9 ,ma*9e ,"w1 :i* h be5 especially organiz$ to s]ve ! pres5t ne$ = increas$ productive effici5cy 9 ?is c\ntry's ma*9e %ops4 ,^! c\rses are design$ to aid ambiti\s ma*9e %op work]s ( limit$ developm5t1 includ+ ma*9e op]ators1 b5* h&s & ma*9i/s' help]s1 :o wi% to ext5d & broad5 _! practical ability z a means to p]sonal advancem5t 9 ! trade1 increas$ e>n+ p[] & full] s]vice to production4 ,pratt ,in/itute's ,ma*9e ,%op has be5 cont9u\sly employ$ to maximum capacity = ?is in/ruction s9ce ! entry ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates into ! w>4 ,! ,ma*9e ,"w comprises six grad$ c\rses1 ea* ( :i* requires = its completion six weeks1 if tak5 z a full-"t day c\rse1 sev5 h\rs p] day1 or if tak5 z an ev5+ c\rse1 tw5ty-f\r weeks1 ?ree ev5+s p] week1 two h\rs p] ev5+4 ,day /ud5ts regi/] & pay tuition = six weeks1 & ev5+ /ud5ts = twelve weeks4 ,new classes are />t$ at frequ5t int]vals4 ,a /ud5t may />t 9 any c\rse = :i* he is qualifi$1 & may enroll = additional c\rses1 ei!r consecutively1 or at "s lat] "t1 if he f9ds x desirable to )draw tempor>ily4 ,/ud5ts are p]mitt$ also to transf] at any "t f ! day to ! ev5+ c\rse or vice v]sa1 ) full cr$it = "w already p]=m$4 ,! in/ruction is adapt$ to ! individual4 ,m5 capable ( foll[+ directions )\t excessive damage to mat]ial or equipm5t are put on productive "w4 ,m5 :o h n rea*$ ?is degree ( effici5cy are commonly assign$ ex]cises4 ,ab\t #ge p] c5t4 ( ! "w is productive4 ,production is introduc$ z a means to great] effici5cy 9 tra9+4 ,c\rses 9 ,wood5 ,boat & ,%ipbuild+1 ,m>9e ,eng9e]+1 ,gasol9e ,eng9e ,ma9t5ance & ,op]ation1 ,ma*9e ,draw+ & ,design1 ,%ip ,draft+1 ,*emical ,laboratory ,practice1 9 addition to an ext5sive li/ ( day & ev5+ trade & te*nical c\rses1 all ( :i* are ( special s]vice 9 ! w> em]g5cy1 are be+ conduct$4 7,sign$7 ,,samuel ,s4 ,,edm&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,pratt ,in/itute's ,ma*9e ,%op has be5 employ$ to capacity s9ce our entry into ! w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,pratt ,in/itute4 ,note ! 8old] m540 ,illu/ration3 ,pratt ,in/itute 7,brooklyn7 is conduct+ day & ev5+ c\rses 9 ma*9e "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,pratt ,in/itute4 ,ambiti\s ma*9e %op work]s g out f "h to give full] s]vice 9 production4 ,,bo>dman ,,trade ,,s*ool ,! ,bo>dman ,appr5tice ,%op1 "u :i* "n ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 op]ates a ,trade ,s*ool1 is do+ its %>e t[>d meet+ ! %ortage ( skill$ & semi-skill$ help & plans are be+ made to fur!r ?is "w4 ,! 8,%op0 tea*es _m trades "u actual trade conditions1 b z ! mo/ press+ ne$ is = ma*9e work]s ?is trade only w be consid]$ 9 ?is article ev5 to ! exclusion ( ! draft+ dep>tm5t1 second 9 importance1 & results to ! ma*9e dep>tm5t4 ,prim>ily ?is ,trade ,s*ool is op]at$ to tea* boys1 b ! ev5+ cont9uation classes h gr[n 9 importance ye> by ye> until !y h rea*$ ! pres5t high /&>d ( effici5cy4 ,! ma*9e dep>tm5t tra9s fifty boys 9 ! day c\rse & "u normal conditions ! boy graduates aft] #d1hjj h\rs ( /udy1 sev5ty-five p] c5t4 be+ trade practice & tw5ty-five p] c5t4 academic /udy4 ,at pres5t _m boys leave be=e ! completion ( _! c\rse to ent] local munition factories4 ,^! boys are 9 great dem& & ev5 aft] a few mon?s ( tra9+ are f\nd extremely useful 9 ^? factories4 ,! boys :o complete _! /udies & receive _! diplomas are l>gely s\ght = tool room "w4 ,?us ! s*ool is supply+ m tra9$ h&s ?an ! numb] ( boys & l5g? ( c\rse w\ld indicate & t is b "p ( ! /ory4 ,^! boys "w eight h\rs a day1 =ty-f\r h\rs a week1 fifty weeks a ye>1 & produce real ma*9]y practically all ( :i* goes into ! munition plants4 ,"o lot ( =ty-five ,horizontal ,tapp]s 0 built & box$ & ready = %ipm5t to ,glasg[ = use on ,briti% munitions long be=e c>go space 0 available4 ,! boys build two sizes ( screw slott+ ma*9es1 two sizes ( horizontal tapp+ ma*9es1 la!s1 slide re/s1 drill press vises & hundr$s ( small cutt]s4 ,!y h built & %ipp$ ab\t six hundr$ ma*9es1 n includ+ slide re/s & vises4 ,! screw slott]s & tapp+ ma*9es are ( a type 9 great dem& = munition factories1 be+ p>ticul>ly s]viceable = use on fuse p>ts1 small arms & gov]nm5t h>dw>e4 ,?us1 ! s*ool1 :ile foll[+ its basic plan1 is supply+ ! c\ntry's vital ne$s 9 tra9+ boys & at ! same "t mak+ an ess5tial product4 ,9 addition1 fur!r use ( ! equipm5t is secur$ by ! op]ation ( night cont9uation classes = tw5ty-five weeks 9 ! ye>4 ,! classes are op]at$ six nights p] week & ,saturday aft]noon ) in/ructors tak5 f ! local factories "u "o ( ! regul> day =ce4 ,m5 9 all /ages ( exp]i5ce1 ambiti\s appr5tices1 unskill$ cl]ks1 driv]s1 port]s1 etc41 :o wi% to ent] ! local munition factories come to ^! classes4 ,z an in/ance ( extremes we may take ! case ( a pa9t] ( sixty :o ent]$ ! ,m>l9 ,rockwell ,corporation on ma*9e "w aft] two seasons ( /udy2 & ! case ( an exp]i5c$ toolmak] tak+ advantage ( ! equipm5t to le>n "s new op]ations s z to fit himself = a high] grade ( "w4 ,bo? m5 made good4 ,ma*9i/s take ! cont9uation c\rse s t !y may qualify z toolmak]s4 ,f\r classes ( fifty m5--mak+ a total ( two hundr$ m5--are taught 9 ! night classes4 ,! results h be5 s satisfactory t ^! classes w be cont9u$ & if ! dem& w>rants wom5 w be giv5 in/ruction ^u specifi$ ev5+s4 ,! s*ool managem5t believes t ! day is com+ :5 wom5 w receive a f> great] %>e ( trade in/ruction4 ,plans are 9 op]ation to increase ! effici5cy ( ! s*ool by tea*+ special classes4 ,= in/ance1 a class 9 ! use ( measur+ in/rum5ts & gauges w\ld prove valuable & r$uce1 9 a great measure1 ! "t tak5 9 tra9+ ! unskill$ m5 & wom5 tak+ up factory "w4 ,l>ge numb]s c be h&l$ 9 su* c\rses4 ,! s*ool is prep>$ to take crippl$ & disabl$ resid5t soldi]s 9 any ( its trade c\rses1 night or day1 :5 ! dem& comes4 ,s9ce ?is article 0 prep>$1 ord]s = fifty ,no4 #a screw slott]s & twelve ,no4 #a v]tical tapp+ ma*9es h be5 book$ at ?is s*ool4 ,?is ord] ( twelve tapp+ ma*9es w g directly into an optical factory = use on gov]nm5t supplies4 ,,frank ,r4 ,,lawr5ce1 ,act+ ,director4 ,septemb] #af1 #aiah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bo>dman ,,appr5tice ,,s*ool1 ,,new ,,hav54 ,mill+ ! 8tail/ock0 on a motor-driv5 v]tical mill+ ma*9e4 ,a natural me*anic 7"o out ( e fifte5 t apply c be class$ z su*71 #ad ye>s old4 ,has be5 an appr5tice ab\t f\r mon?s4 ,is do+ "w usually done by boys ( eighte5 mon?s' exp]i5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bo>dman ,,appr5tice ,,s*ool1 ,,new ,,hav54 ,bor+ is an advanc$ bran* ( ! ma*9e trade1 & requires great skill to successfully complete an accurate piece ( "w4 ,a boy mu/ complete #d1jjj h\rs be=e he is advanc$ to ?is op]ation1 & n !n unless we consid] him compet5t to d ?is accurate "w4 ,! 8head0 & 8tail0 ( ?is ma*9e mu/ 8l9e0 to 4#jja ( an in* 9 #ah in*es1 & !re=e mu/ be bor$ until all ! 8spr+0 is out ( ! bor+ b>4 ,?is boy1 age #ae1 is mak+ a measurem5t ) a spr+ calip] to asc]ta9 prop] size be=e ream+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bo>dman ,,appr5tice ,,s*ool1 ,,new ,,hav54 ,scrap+ b$s--a difficult art4 ,notice ! /&>d ,br[n ,%>pe surface plate at ! left4 ,! surface ( ^! b$s mu/ %[ an #he p] c5t be>+1 ! tail/ocks scrap$ to fit ! same4 ,^! boys are ab\t #ad ye>s old1 & h s]v$ six mon?s' appr5tice%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bo>dman ,,appr5tice ,,s*ool1 ,,new ,,hav54 ,plan+ 8head40 ,x is "o ( ! advanc$ op]ations & requires mu* c>e 9 ma*9+4 ,! slot %[n mu/ be absolutely 9 l9e ) ! boxes1 & !y are te/$ ) an align+ b> aft] plan+4 ,?is boy is #af ye>s old1 & w graduate 9 ab\t two mon?s4 ,,dayton ,,indu/rial ,,in/itute ,dayton1 ,ohio ,! ,dayton ,indu/rial ,in/itute 0 e/abli%$ to replace ! ve/ibule s*ools 9 ! foll[+ plants3 ,! ,dayton ,eng9e]+ ,laboratories ,co41 ! ,dome/ic ,eng9e]+ ,co41 ! ,dayton ,metal ,products ,co41 & ! ,dayton ,wright ,airplane ,co4 ,al?\gh ! s*ool has be5 fo/]$ by ! above companies1 any manufactur] 9 ,dayton is at lib]ty to s5d /ud5ts to ! s*ool "u c]ta9 regulations4 ,! ,directors ( ! sev]al companies ?\ght x advisable to segregate ! tra9+ s*ool f ! plants1 & comb9e ! s*ool "u "o direct+ head4 ,mo/ gratify+ results h be5 obta9$ s9ce ! op5+ ( ! s*ool ,janu>y #a1 #aiah4 ,dur+ ! pa/ sev5 mon?s ov] #ejj p]sons1 f all walks ( life1 h be5 tra9$ = factory "w4 ,ab\t #bjj ( ?is numb] 7 wom54 ,9 addition to ! l>ge numb] ( p tra9$1 ov] #ajj1jjj pieces ( comm]cial product h be5 manufactur$1 :i* pass$ ! mo/ rigid factory inspection4 ,a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! "w has be5 p>ts ( w> products1 su* z detonator bodies1 ,lib]ty motor ignition p>ts1 inspection gauges = w> mat]ials1 crank %afts1 cam %afts1 motor truck p>ts1 etc41 z well z airplane p>ts1 consi/+ ( ribs1 f9s1 /abiliz]s1 :eel cov]s1 etc41 = ! ,de,haviland fight+ plane4 ,w\ld x n be advisable = manufactur]s 9 "s communities1 & especially = small manufactur]s1 to pool _! int]e/s 9 reg>d to indu/rial tra9+1 9 ord] t ! s*ools may be a peace "t asset1 z well z to satisfy a w> "t em]g5cy8 ,,wright-,,m>t9 ,,aircraft ,,corporation ,! ,wright-,m>t9 ,aircraft ,corporation has two %op tra9+ dep>tm5ts1 "o at ! ,long ,isl& ,city plant & ! o!r at ! plant 9 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j4 ,bo? plants are engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( a high-grade a]oplane eng9e4 ,ea* tra9+ dep>tm5t occupies ab\t #aj1jjj squ>e feet ( floor space 9 build+s sep>ate f ! factories4 ,!y are equipp$ ) mod]n ma*9]y tool$ up = production1 ! ma*9es & equipm5t be+ ( ! same type z t 9 ! factory prop]4 ,! prim>y purpose ( ^! dep>tm5ts is to tra9 wom51 also m51 = ! ne$s ( ! factory1 ^u production "w1 assembly1 inspection1 %op cl]k "w & tool crib t5d+4 ,x is ! aim ( ! ,in/ruction ,dep>tm5t to tra9 ! le>n] to d h] "w habitually correct1 bo? z to quantity & quality4 ,) ?is 9 m9d ! tra9+ rooms are m9iature factories equipp$ ) la!s1 automatic screw ma*9es1 h& screw ma*9es1 ,j4 ,l4 ,turret ,la!s1 h& mill]s1 pla9 mill]s1 s5sitive drills1 upright drills1 radial drills1 pla9 gr9d]s1 int]nal gr9d]s & b5* equipm5t4 ,jigs & fixtures & ! op]ation tool equipm5t necess>y = ! production "w are us$ on ^! ma*9es1 t ^? be+ tra9$ may become entirely famili> ) ! tools !y are requir$ to h&le :5 !y g into ! %op4 ,! ma*9es & ! op]ation tool equipm5t 7 select$ aft] ! complete lay\t ( ! ma9 op]ations _h be5 c>efully gone ov] & ! op]ations t wom5 c\ld p]=m 7 li/$4 ,consid]able c>e has be5 us$ 9 select+ ! le>n]s & ! class ( wom5 "u tra9+ are ( good type4 ,a numb] ( ^! h work$ 9 %ops be=e2 o!rs h be5 9 (fices4 ,our exp]i5ce has be5 t our mo/ successful wom5 are ^? :o h _h to "w = _! liv+1 ei!r 9 %ops or (fices1 up to ! "t !y ent]$ our employ4 ,! range ( ages pref]r$ v>ies f #ba to #ce4 ,! fir/ few hundr$ wom5 select$ 7 ab\t #ce ye>s ( age1 ! maturity & judgm5t go+ ) su* an age be+ ( value 9 /abiliz+ lat] conditions :5 hundr$s m1 ( a m g5]al sort1 w be employ$4 ,_m ( ! wom5 are mo!rs1 wives1 or relatives ( ^? at ! front4 ,! tra9+ is giv5 ^u actual factory production 9 ! manufacture ( p>ts t ent] into ! con/ruction ( ! motor4 ,su* manufactur+ furni%es an excell5t m$ium = in/ruction 9 ! v>i\s bran*es above m5tion$1 & holds bo? ! le>n] & ! in/ructor up to ! factory requirem5ts4 ,! /&>ds ( ! factory are ! /&>ds ( ! tra9+ dep>tm5t bo? z to quantity & quality4 ,"w is r\t$ to ! ,in/ruction ,dep>tm5t accord+ to ! regul> %op =ms & ! f9i%$ product is transf]r$ f ! ,in/ruction ,dep>tm5t 9 ! same mann] z "w is transf]r$ )9 ! factory1 ! ,in/ruction ,dep>tm5t receiv+ cr$it = :at x does4 ,s f>1 wom5 are be+ tra9$ at a rate equal to ! dem&s ( ! factory1 :i* is fa/ approa*+ #abj p] week1 ?is be+ ! approximate weekly tra9+ capacity ( ! tra9+ dep>tm5t4 ,9 "s bran*es ( "w x takes f\r days to tra91 9 o!rs t5 days1 ! l5g? ( "t v>y+ accord+ to ! "t x takes ! le>n] to rea* ! av]age h\rly production4 ,records ( production1 :ile "u tra9+1 are plott$ on cross section pap] & :5 ! le>n] has rea*$ ! av]age h\rly production %e is decl>$ tra9$ 9 t p>ticul> l9e4 ,9 "s cases wom5 aft] two or ?ree days' tra9+ h done #be p] c5t4 high] ?an ! av]age h\rly production /at$ = ! job4 ,records ( salvage are also kept z a *eck on su* tra9+1 & e ef=t is made to comb9e a /eep production curve & a m9imum salvage curve ) good tra9+4 ,! salvage records ( ! le>n]s are rem>kably l[1 "s weeks av]ag+ mu* less ?an #a p] c5t41 ! highe/ be+ less ?an t 9 ! factory itself4 ,aft] ! wom5 h be5 transf]r$ to ! factory _! progress is kept track ( = at lea/ "o week1 to make sure t !y are foll[+ ! in/ructions giv5 9 ! tra9+ room4 ,^? :o d n make good aft] tra9+ are assign$ back to ! tra9+ room = fur!r in/ruction1 or = su* disposition z ! *ief in/ructor may see fit4 ,regul>ly1 dur+ ! week1 ! le>n]s are giv5 g5]al lectures1 talks & in/ructions on matt]s t relate to _! tra9+1 t !y may be m g5]ally fitt$ = ! l9e ( "w into :i* !y are to be transf]r$4 ,! results obta9$ h be5 v int]e/+4 ,! wom5 are v en?usia/ic & ! =em5 are highly pleas$4 ,9 "o bran* ! =eman advis$1 :5 ask$ h[ ?+s 7 go+3 8,y c give me ?irty m wom5 "r away2 !y are all "r10 ,9 ano!r bran* a =eman advis$ t he w\ld n ex*ange a good %>e ( ! wom5 9 8 dep>tm5t = an equal numb] ( ! be/ m5 he _h on 8 floor4 ,! in/ruction 9 ea* tra9+ room is giv5 by f\r male in/ructors1 ) wom5 assi/ants2 ! wom5 assi/ants hav+ be5 select$ f ! be/ ( ^? :o h be5 tra9$ )9 ! dep>tm5t4 ,! m5 in/ructors are all fir/ class me*anics1 especially capable on production "w & tea*+4 ,! in/ructors are regul>ly int]view$ f "t to "t1 & ! "w !y are do+ is c>efully review$1 ) ! purpose ( build+ !m up z effici5t in/ructors4 ,z a "p ( ! tra9+ program at ,new ,brunswick an ev5+ s*ool is conduct$ = ! m5 9 ! company's employ4 ,! in/ruction "w giv5 consi/s ( te*nical /udies relat$ to ! me*anical trades1 & includes blue-pr9t read+1 %op draw+1 %op ma!matics & cl]ical "w 9 its diff]5t bran*es4 ,?is is us$ 9 conjunction ) a promotion program1 :]eby m5 :o are capable are promot$ into v>i\s op5+s z !y occur1 requir+ m skill ( ! same sort !y already h4 7,sign$7 ,,james ,f4 ,,johnson1 ,*ief ,in/ructor4 ,illu/ration3 ,be+ tra9$ ^u an eng9e la! to accuracy ( "o-?\s&?4 ,illu/ration3 ,le>n+ to op]ate ! radial drill presses ,wright-,m>t9 ,aircraft ,corp4 ,illu/ration3 ,tra9+ on ! job 9 %op4 ,wright-,m>t9 ,aircraft ,corp4 ,illu/ration3 ,be+ tra9$ ^u a ,james ,lamson ma*9e4 ,wright-,m>t9 ,aircraft ,corp4 ,,w9*e/] ,,repeat+ ,,arms ,,company ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 ,manife/ly1 all l>ge employ]s ( labor mu/ tra9 _! help to a great] or less degree4 ,x has always be5 ! practice ( ! ,w9*e/] ,company to d a great deal ( ?is tra9+1 b until ! pa/ few ye>s x _h all be5 done 9 ! %ops or (fice :]e ! c&idate 0 to "w4 ,= _m ye>s x has be5 ! practice to take intellig5t boys & "y m5 9 ! (fice ) ! idea ( cont9ually promot+ !m to m responsible positions aft] !y became compet5t & ! positions develop$ :]e !y might be us$4 ,our graduate appr5tices1 adju/]s & tool sett]s h be5 s well tra9$ t !y h always be5 s\ght = by competitive conc]ns4 ,s9ce ! w>1 & especially dur+ ! pa/ six or eight mon?s1 x has become increas+ly necess>y to develop ! tra9+ ( employees to ! greate/ ext5t4 ,:]e =m]ly help might be obta9$ :o _h1 at lea/1 "s k ( ma*9es & %op practice1 x is n[ necess>y to take help :o h absolutely no k ( factory "w & tea* !m to become skill$4 ,9 addition1 ?is mu/ be done 9 ! lea/ possible "t4 ,to take c>e ( ?is condition1 we h develop$ 9 addition to our regul> appr5tice c\rse1 a tra9+ c\rse = adm9i/rative & executive positions1 an ,(fice ,s*ool1 a ,gun ,dep>tm5t ,adju/]'s ,%op1 a ,c>tridge ,dep>tm5t ,tra9+ ,%op & ,tool ,dep>tm5t ,tra9+ ,%op4 ,! regul> appr5tice c\rse is design$ to give complete tra9+ = ma*9i/s1 gauge mak]s1 tool & fixture mak]s1 etc4 ,! c\rse :i* ord9>ily requires ?ree ye>s to complete has rec5tly be5 %ort5$ s t "s ( ! boys are graduat$ 9 two ye>s4 ,x is ! desire to give ?or\gh in/ruction 9 ! practical "w m5tion$ above4 ,! av]age enrollm5t is approximately #ij4 ,! tra9+ c\rse = adm9i/rative & executive positions is design$ to cov] briefly su* %op & (fice practice z w give ! broade/ g5]al k t is likely to be requir$ ( ^? 9 ! m important positions 9 ! adm9i/rative organization4 ,?is class consi/s ( only ab\t a doz5 m5 :o are pick$ ) all possible c>e4 ,,(fice ,,s*ool ,! ,(fice ,s*ool "u compet5t in/ructors consi/s ( a gr\p ( cl]ks :o d ! complete "w ( mak+ up pay roll1 labor di/ribution c>ds1 etc41 = a numb] ( factory %ops :i* 7 *os5 because ( _! hav+ respective classes ( "w4 ,prospective cl]ks are tak5 into ?is s*ool1 tra9$ on pay roll "w1 transf]r$ to ! ,c5tral ,pay ,roll ,division z help is ne$$4 ,9 addition to ?is s*ool = pay roll cl]ks1 model %op (fices are be+ e/abli%$ 9 ea* ( ! major dep>tm5ts :]e correct me?ods w be c>efully taught4 ,x is our aim to h all %op cl]ks pass ?r\gh "o ( ^! model %op (fices to receive _! tra9+1 z ?is w insure /&>d me?ods & prop] foll[+ ( proc$ures4 ,^! model %op (fices w also act z res]voirs on :i* to draw to supply vacancies caus$ by abs5ces among ! regul> %op (fice /aff4 ,,gun ,,dep>tm5t ,,adju/]',s ,,%op ,! %op = tra9+ adju/]s = ! ,gun ,dep>tm5t is design$ to tea* m5 h[ to adju/ ! type ( ma*9es to :i* !y are to be assign$ = all classes ( "w :i* may be run ^u !m4 ,?is tra9+ %\ld ord9>ily take f two to f\r weeks1 b _m times x has seem$ desirable to graduate c&idates m quickly ?an ?is2 if !y are bright & intellig5t x has prov5 satisfactory to d s4 ,no attempt has be5 made to tra9 op]ators 9 ! ,gun ,dep>tm5t except 9 ! %ops :]e !y are to "w4 ,mo/ ( ?is "w c be le>n$ 9 a v few days "u ! in/ruction ( a well tra9$ adju/]4 ,,c>tridge ,,tra9+ ,,%op ,! ,c>tridge ,tra9+ ,%op 0 design$ to tra9 adju/]s & tool sett]s1 & "s op]ators4 ,due to ! great numb] ( new employees1 x has be5 impossible to h all tool sett]s & adju/]s pass ?r\gh ?is s*ool1 b x is hop$ t 9 ! ne> future we may be able to tra9 an increas+ p]c5tage ( !m "h4 ,su* m5 z h receiv$ ?is tra9+ h %[n beyond d\bt t !y h be5 mu* b5efit$ by x1 & t x is mo/ desirable to exp& x to include z _m ( ?is class ( workm5 z possible4 ,"s op]ators h be5 tra9$ 9 ! ,c>tridge ,tra9+ ,s*ool ) excell5t results1 b mo/ ( ! "w is relatively simple & ! tra9+ has be5 satisfactorily done 9 ! %op to :i* ! new employees h be5 assign$4 ,,tool ,,dep>tm5t ,,tra9+ ,,%op ,a new ,tool ,dep>tm5t ,tra9+ ,%op is j be+ />t$ = ! purpose ( tra9+ op]ators on la!s1 mill+ ma*9es1 plan]s1 gr9d]s1 etc4 ,at fir/ we tri$ to tra9 ?is k9d ( help 9 ! ,appr5tice ,%op1 b because ( ! fact t ! k9d ( in/ruction 0 s va/ly diff]5t1 x has be5 decid$ impractical4 ,9 ! "o case1 we wi% to give v complete1 broad in/ructions1 & 9 ! o!r1 ! desire is to tra9 = "o k9d ( "w only 9 ! lea/ possible "t4 ,,manufactur+ ,,tool ,,%ops ,we h two %ops work+ night & day (f]+ facilities = ! tra9+ ( unskill$ p 9 c]ta9 l9es ( tool "w4 ,^! p are tak5 9 totally )\t exp]i5ce1 & plac$ "u ! tutelage ( our be/ me*anics1 & tra9$ quickly z speciali/s4 ,)9 a rem>kably %ort "t !y are capable ( produc+ all sorts ( tools us$ 9 ! production ( guns & ammunition1 ?us reliev+ ! g5]al tool %op ( a great volume ( "w :i* w\ld o!rwise require ! s]vices ( skill$ tool mak]s4 ,f ! =ces 9 ^! %ops we are able to recruit ! m advanc$ m5 = gauge1 jig & fixture "w4 ,we consid] ^! %ops "o ( ! be/ examples possible ( tra9+ ^u a productive basis4 ,aside f ! regul> tra9+ c\rses z outl9$1 !re are _m in/ructors ?r\gh\t ! %ops ^: duty x is to expla9 ! be/ ways ( do+ ! v>i\s tasks to :i* employees are assign$4 ,x has be5 our int5t ?r\gh\t1 9 *oos+ in/ructors1 to select ^? :o are real tea*]s1 hav+ ! necess>y pati5ce & human und]/&+ requir$ to successfully d "w ( ?is k9d4 ,! regul> s\rce ?r\gh :i* we tra9 toolmak]s is ! ,appr5tice ,%op4 ,?is %op has an enrollm5t ( #abe boys1 :o are tra9$ 9 a ?ree-ye> c\rse to become exp]t all-r\nd me*anics4 ,9 addition to ?is1 two ( our l>ge/ %ops1 ( #bej m5 ea*1 h dur+ ! pa/ ye> & a half conduct$ special tra9+ c\rses = gre5 m5 on ! m elem5t>y "w ( toolmak+4 ,! purpose ( ^! c\rses is to tra9 m5 :o h _h no me*anical exp]i5ce to ! po9t :]e !y c be us$ to free m exp]t m5 f all r\t9e & simple "w4 ,^! m5 are />t$ on a la! gr9d] or mill+ ma*9e4 ,^? m5 :o %[ special aptitude are taught h[ to use two or m ma*9es1 :ile ! re/ are tra9$ to op]ate only a s+le type4 ,by means ( our special c\rse ( in/ruction x is possible to tra9 new m5 9 a p]iod ( a week to f\r weeks1 dep5d+ on ! man & on ! k9d ( "w = :i* he is be+ tra9$4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye> & a half ov] #ejj m5 h be5 tra9$ 9 ?is way4 ,rec5tly #fj m5 7 tra9$ 9 "o mon?4 ,! be/ ( ^! are advanc$ to m difficult "w1 & "s ( !m ev5 become ?ird class toolmak]s4 ,9 addition to ?is "w1 we h be5 tra9+ girls s9ce la/ ,m>* to d ma*9e "w4 ,^! girls h hi!rto be5 s5t directly to ! ,appr5tice ,%op & !re giv5 a week's tra9+ on a la! or a mill+ ma*9e on repetition "w4 ,aft] ?is !y 7 transf]r$ to "o ( ! regul> %ops :]e !y h done extremely good "w4 ,9 addition to ! tra9+ ( exp]t toolmak]s & me*anics = ! ,tool ,dep>tm5t1 we are also tra9+ me*anics = ! ,gun & ,c>tridge ,dep>tm5ts4 ,ea* ( ^! dep>tm5ts has a s*ool or tra9+ dep>tm5t conta9+ repres5tative ma*9es & 9 ^! s*ools m5 are giv5 a c\rse ( in/ruction la/+ f "o to two mon?s4 ,?is prep>es !m to g out into ! %ops & take c>e ( a gr\p ( ma*9es1 keep+ !m 9 repair1 suppli$ ) prop] tools1 & g5]ally 9 good runn+ ord]4 ,?ird1 s9ce ! above 0 /ill n suffici5t to fill our requirem5ts1 x 0 decid$ to />t a regul> tra9+ %op 9 :i* to tra9 ma*9i/s & toolmak]s1 z well z gauge-mak]s4 ,^! m5 7 to be tra9$ 9 ! use ( ?ree or f\r ma*9es2 ! la!1 mill]1 plan]1 %ap] & gr9d]4 ,!y 7 to d ! m simple "w on ^! ma*9es1 b /ill1 "w t 0 n repetition4 ,9 j ?ree weeks aft] ! plan _h be5 accept$1 ! space 0 secur$1 & ! equipm5t ( #cj ma*9es1 tools1 & ev]y?+ :i* goes ) a complete %op1 includ+ ov]head %aft+1 0 in/all$4 ,moreov]1 a complete set ( draw+s repres5t+ #dj typical op]ations 0 made & blue-pr9t$1 & ^! w s]ve z a plan ( in/ruction4 ,on ,monday morn+1 ?ree weeks aft] ! plan 0 approv$1 ! %op1 ) a complete p]sonnel ( =em5 & in/ructors1 began op]ation4 ,x is plann$ to turn m5 out 9 f ?ree to five weeks4 ,9 all our "w ! emphasis is on production4 ,tra9+ :]ev] possible is giv5 on actual production "w4 ,?is n only makes possible tra9+ ( a v practical nature1 b also helps to less5 ! co/ ( ! in/ruction4 7,sign$7 ,l4 ,o4 ,,pe?ick1 ,p]sonnel ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,newly ,,tra9$ ,,op]ator --,,tool ,,tra9+ ,,%op-- ,illu/ration3 ,,girl ,,la! ,,op]ator --,,cutt+ ,,tool ,,%op-- ,,br[n ,,%>pe ,,manufactur+ ,,company ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 ,9 our own exp]i5ce1 )\t d\bt1 mu* m att5tion has be5 giv5 by =em5 & fell[-workm5 to ! sup]vision ( wom5's "w ?an has be5 giv5 to ! av]age male employee 9 ! pa/1 ! assumption be+ t a woman1 hav+ less me*anical backgr\nd & intuition ?an a man1 requir$ m tra9+ & m specific in/ructions4 ,?is has be5 ! reason advanc$ by "s =em5 9 expla9+ :y wom5 7 do+ bett] "w & _h 8brok5 90 m quickly ?an m51 & !y h add$1 8,if we _h giv5 ! same k9d ( att5tion to ea* new man employ$1 he w\ld h done j z well z ! girl02 ?is is1 aft] all1 an admission on ! "p ( ! =eman t he _h n 9 ! pa/ help$ all he c\ld1 & an indirect complim5t to ! girl hav+ mu* significance4 ,x may be not$1 h[ev]1 t at ! "t :5 su* comp>isons 7 made ! av]age man :o c\ld be secur$ 0 ( an unsatisfactory & irresponsible class1 z s few tra9$ or compet5t m5 7 available = positions 9 ! indu/ries1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 9 hir+ girls a selection f a l>ge numb] ( applicants c\ld be made1 s t x 0 possible to obta9 a mu* bett] av]age hav+ ! qualities to make successful work]s4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t !re are advantages 9 hav+ bo? m5 & wom5 9 ! same dep>tm5t1 z x t5ds to hold ! same /&>d ( workman%ip & spe$ = wom5 z = m51 :ile x is believ$ t hav+ a sep>ate dep>tm5t = wom5 may e/abli% a sep>ate & l[] /&>d1 ! t5d5cy be+ to make m all[ance = wom5 because ( sex4 ,! results seem to %[ t x is n at all necess>y t sep>ate /&>ds %\ld be e/abli%$ & t 9 "s l9es ( "w ev5 m c be expect$ ( wom5 ?an ( m5 because ( _! nimble f+]s & quickness ( motion4 ,z to que/ions ( discipl9e1 :]e ! two sexes are employ$ 9 ! same "w-room1 little or no difficulty is exp]i5c$ "u capable =eman%ip4 ,actual results h prov$ t ! fe>s 9 ! m9ds ( "s t !re w\ld be opposition on ! "p ( =em5 & workm5 to ! employm5t ( wom5 9 ! %op 7 ungr\nd$4 ,a =eman rem>k$ to a visitor3 8,see t girl work+ beside ! man assembl+ spe$ indicators8 ,%e is work+ ) him s z to le>n all ! requirem5ts1 & he kn[s t %e is to h 8 job z soon z %e has become suffici5tly pr(ici5t1 b he is help+ h] 9 e way possible4 ,( c\rse1 we %all f9d o!r "w = ! man2 & (t51 ) ! pres5t %ortage ( help1 su* a *ange ( "w c be 9 ! l9e ( promotion40 ,?is illu/rates ! _s :i* is practically univ]sal ?r\gh\t ! %op1 & :i* has be5 an important factor 9 br++ ab\t ! success ( ! plan4 ,:ile ! money "q--! e>n+ p[]--is upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( ! majority1 _m ( ! wom5 %[ also a di/9ct ambition to equal or excel m5 9 ! "w !y d4 ,soon aft] ! employm5t ( wom5 0 begun 9 ! ge> dep>tm5t1 a girl :o 0 cutt+ sprockets on a ge>-cutt+ ma*9e became disc\rag$ & said %e 0 afraid %e c\ld n make a success ( ! job4 ,h] =eman 0 surpris$ & said to h]1 8,we h n made any compla9t z to y\r "w1 h we80 8,no10 %e said1 8b ! man :o work$ on ! night job turn$ out #aje pieces1 :ile ! be/ ,i c\ld d 0 only #he pieces a day40 ,h] =eman ask$ if %e realiz$ t ! man on ! night =ce 0 work+ ?ree h\rs m p] day ?an %e 01 & aft] le>n+ ?is %e felt less disc\rag$ ) ! results %e _h obta9$4 ,9 ! ge> dep>tm5t :]e a numb] ( girls h be5 8brok5 90 9 op]at+ ge>-cutt+ ma*9es1 ! =eman said t !y _h tak5 hold z quickly z ! av]age man1 & "s ( !m are do+ exceptionally good & intellig5t "w4 ,?is has p>tly result$ f ! girls be+ ?r[n z rapidly z possible on _! own res\rces1 be+ taught to set up _! ma*9es1 work+ f a blue-pr9t1 to measure _! "w1 & d ev]y?+ t _h previ\sly be5 requir$ ( ! op]ator4 ,a criticism has rec5tly be5 made ( "s ( ! dep>tm5ts to ! effect t ! =em5 7 giv+ s mu* sup]vision to ! wom5's "w t !y 7 n ?r[n suffici5tly on _! own res\rces1 & ?us 7 n tra9$ to be responsible = ! "w 9 h&4 ,?is aga9 speaks well = ! wom51 z %[+ t !re is a gr[+ appreciation ( _! ability to d m advanc$ "w ?an _h at fir/ be5 expect$4 ,9 inspection "w a field has be5 f\nd = wom5 9 :i* !y are mak+ an exceptionally good %[+4 ,! *ief inspector 0 ask$ :e!r wom5 7 le>n+ to read ! micromet] calip]4 ,he repli$ t !y le>n$ to read x & read x accurately1 9 a v %ort "t1 & t ! "w pass+ ?r\gh _! h&s %[$ mu* discrim9ation z to ! po9ts criticis$4 ,he po9t$ to a pile ( "w reject$ by "o ( ! wom5 inspectors & said1 8,i h j _h a man g ov] ?is "w1 & he has f\nd t :ile ! "w fail$ to pass inspection = _m reasons1 !y 7 all good reasons40 ,he said fur!r t 9 inspect+ gr9d+ "w he 0 surpris$ at ! quickness ) :i* "s ( 8 wom5 inspectors w\ld pick out bat*es ( "w id5tify+ !m z com+ f p>ticul> workm5 ^: "w 0 kn[n to be above ! av]age4 ,9 ano!r dep>tm5t1 9 inspect+ measur+ tools1 a simil> condition 0 not$ by ! =eman1 & he /at$ t "o ( ! girl inspectors rec5tly told him t %e lik$ to inspect ! "w ( ,mr4 ,blank1 because x requir$ s few rejections4 8,&10 rem>k$ ! =eman1 8%e siz$ ! situation up j "r40 ,he also %[$ ! writ] ! notes atta*$ to a numb] ( tools :i* _h be5 held out by ! woman inspector = corrections1 ^! criticisms %[+ mu* discrim9ation on h] "p1 & z good a degree ( judgm5t z w\ld h be5 expect$ f ! exp]i5c$ inspectors :o _h previ\sly be5 do+ ! "w4 ,x is ?us f\nd t 9 ! class ( inspection "w :]e wom5 are employ$ ! /&>d is n l[]$ because ( _! employm5t4 ,already sev]al wom5 are employ$ 9 ! toolmak+ dep>tm5t4 ,"o ( ^! employees1 :o 0 op]at+ a la! turn+ out tool-/eel blanks = bits & ream]s1 do+ h] own sett+ up & measur+1 ev9c$ en?usiasm = ma*9e %op "w1 %[+1 9 reply to que/ions1 t h] "w 0 op5+ up a new field 9 :i* %e took especial int]e/ & %e rem>k$1 8,no m h\sework = me10 ) su* feel+ t x 0 evid5t h] int]e/s /rongly lean$ 9 a me*anical direction4 ,girls 9 ! toolmak+ dep>tm5t are work+ on univ]sal mill+ ma*9es1 surface gr9d]s1 etc41 z well z la!s4 ,"s ( ! y\ng] girls ?r\gh\t ! works are employ$ z mess5g]s4 7,sign$7 ,l4 ,d4 ,,burl+ame4 ,illu/ration3 ,op]at+ automatic ge>-cutt+ ma*9es4 ,! girls are taught to set up _! ma*9es & make all measurem5ts1 work+ f a blue-pr9t4 ,br[n ,%>pe ,mfg4 ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,girls employ$ on poli%+ ma*9es4 8,:5 !y become pr(ici5t on poli%+1 !y are giv5 m advanc$ "w at 8h&-tool+10 etc41 on ^! ma*9es4 ,br[n ,%>pe ,mfg4 ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,flut+ ream]s1 etc41 on ,univ]sal mill+ ma*9es 9 ! toolmak+ dep>tm5t4 ,br[n ,%>pe ,mfg4 ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,op]at+ h& mill+ ma*9es 9 ! production ( duplicate p>ts4 ,br[n ,%>pe ,mfg4 ,co4 ,,toolroom ,,analysis ,:at does tool room "w consi/ (8 ,x c be sep>at$ into two divisions1 namely1 t :i* only ! skill$ toolmak] c d1 su* z lay+ out1 fitt+1 assembl+ & devis+ special setups4 ,! balance is ma*9e "w4 ,let u consid] ! latt] & see :at x consi/s (4 ,ma*9es4 ,! ma*9es us$ are g5]ally ! eng9e la!1 ! horizontal & v]tical mill]s1 plan]s1 %ap]1 pla91 flat & univ]sal gr9d]s1 drill press & fil+ ma*9es4 ,hobb+ & b5* la!s may be add$4 ,! ,la!4 ,! la! "w usually consi/s 9 ma*9+ "w prep>atory to h>d5+ & gr9d+4 ,?is may be r\ghly divid$ into turn+1 *uck+ & faceplate "w4 ,! toolmak] frequ5tly does all ( ?is "w4 ,let u relieve him ( ?is "w & use our semi-skill$ man to d x = him4 ,let "o man d ! turn+1 ano!r ! *uck+ & ano!r ! faceplate "w4 ,:]e buttons are us$ ! toolmak] sets !m at ! b5*1 b ! la! h& c be in/ruct$ on ! set-up & ! use ( ! w>bl] & indicator4 ,! same me?od c be us$ on ! mill+ ma*9e 9 bor+ holes = bu%+s1 etc4 ,if !re is n en\gh turn+ ! same man c d ! bor+4 ,! :ole result is ! toolmak] c sup]vise1 or c>ry ?r\gh1 a numb] ( jobs at ! same "t4 ,! la! h& saves "t because he has 8 tools gr\nd1 8 /raps1 p>allels1 etc41 ready at h& & he kn[s 8 ma*9e4 ,x is ! writ]'s exp]i5ce t m "t is lo/ by ! toolmak] 9 hunt+ = ^! accessories ?an x frequ5tly takes to d ! job4 ,! ,%ap]4 ,on ! %ap] ! "w c be divid$ into r\gh+ out & foll[+ an irregul> l9e4 ,let u take a blank+ die = an example4 ,! diemak] 7:o works at ! b5*7 lays out ! die on r\gh /ock4 ,!n x is r\gh$ out to ?is lay\t4 ,next ! tap-holes & swivel p9s are drill$1 tapp$ & ream$4 ,n[ ! diemak] c set 8 die up & lay x out m accurately to 8 turnplate4 ,! bett] %ap] h& n[ ma*9es ! pieces to 8 l9es & all ! diemak] has to d is file ! cle>ance on ! cutt+ edge & remove tool m>ks4 ,9 a sectional die he frequ5tly leaves ?is = ! gr9d] to d4 ,n[ ! pun*1 :i* has be5 r\gh$ out1 is 8%e>$0 & ! ma*9e h& ma*9es ! surplus /ock f x to make x easi] = ! diemak]4 ,! head block1 %oe1 knock\t plate1 sub-press p9s1 & /ripp] h be5 ma*9$ & are ready = him4 ,! drill press h& does ! drill+ & ream+ = ! p9s & spr+s1 also ! tapp+4 ,by ?is me?od ( us+ ! semi-skill$ ma*9e h&s ! skill$ man c c>ry on five & m dies at ! same "t & n lose any "t wait+ = ma*9es4 ,! ,mill]4 ,! mill+ ma*9e "w c be divid$ into flat "w1 cutt+ tee? 9 cutt]s1 ream]s1 ge>s1 etc41 spiral cutt+1 bor+ jigs & special outl9e "w41 ,take ! fir/ two gr\ps4 ,! semi-skill$ op]ator c be easily tra9$ = ?is "w1 z x does n call = m difficult "w ?an ! use ( ! divid+ head1 & !re is always a *>t = t4 ,spiral cutt+ c be taught1 z !re is a *>t = t4 ,cutt+ cams is m difficult b if !re is en\gh ( x ! op]ators c be taught to d x4 ,! bor+ ( drill jigs1 & simil> "w1 c be done by an op]ator because x is laid out be=eh& by ! toolmak]1 or diemak] 9 case x is a die4 ,! ,drill ,press4 ,! drill press "w pres5ts ! same solution4 ,! skill$ tool or diemak] makes ! lay\t & !n drills ! holes to ! lay\t4 ,:y use ! skill$ man's "t :5 a l[]-pric$1 & less valu$1 op]ator c be us$ to drill to ?is same lay\t8 ,gr9d]s4 ,! horizontal1 ! pla9 7or flat7 & ! univ]sal gr9d+ ma*9es h always _h specially tra9$ m5 s we ne$ n consid] !m "h4 ,special ,ma*9es4 ,! rema9+ ma*9es 9 ! toolroom are g5]ally special ma*9es ) m5 to op]ate !m4 ,! toolmak] uses1 = ! mo/ "p1 only ! ma*9es consid]$ 9 ?is article4 ,tra9+4 ,! "q n[ arises1 8,:]e w ^! m5 be tra9$ & :o w tra9 !m80 ,i (f] ?is answ]4 ,m5 on ^! ma*9es ?r\gh\t ! factory are semi-skill$ 9 _! use & are mo/ly on repetition "w4 ,take ! be/ ( !m & tra9 !m 9 ! ,tra9+ ,dep>tm5t1 or 9 ! tool room1 & replace !m by new m5 9 ! factory4 ,results4 ,?is me?od results 93 ,fir/1 enabl+ ! skill$ tool or diemak] to h&le m "w ?an if he _h to d all ! ma*9e & lay\t "w2 second1 increas+ ! output p] ma*9e1 = x /ops ! "t lo/ ?r\gh ! ma*9e's be+ idle & ! tools be+ sep>at$ f ! ma*9e4 ,9 ?is matt] alone x pres5ts a sav+1 z x calls = only "o set ( tools p] ma*9e1 aga9/ a set = e man 9 ! room :o keeps !m 9 8 b5* draw] mo/ ( ! "t2 ?ird1 x elim9ates ! "t lo/ by ! skill$ man's wait+ ar\nd = a p>ticul> ma*9e4 ,he is n[ able to plan "o job aft] ano!r & turn x ov] to ! ma*9e op]ator & ?us devote all 8 "t to "w t an unskill$ man _c d4 7,sign$7 ,,walt] ,f4 ,,maddison1 ,director ( ,indu/rial ,tra9+4 ,,! ,,blan*>d ,,ma*9e ,,company #fd ,/ate ,/reet1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,z y "k1 we h be5 runn+ our ,tra9+ ,dep>tm5t = ab\t five weeks only1 h5ce we are n 9 position to give y any def9ite in=mation z to ! value ( x1 etc41 b f :at we c see x w be und\bt$ly a great help to u1 because all ! unskill$ help g to ! in/ructor be=e be+ put into ! %op4 ,^? :o h _h "s exp]i5ce are put into ! %op1 ) ! in/ructor to give !m detail$ in=mation = z long a "t z is necess>y1 & to tea* !m ! important p>ts ( ! "w 9 h&4 ,?is1 z y c imag9e1 is m difficult 9 ?is %op :]e we d n manufacture l>ge quantities ?an x w\ld be 9 a %op :]e !re 0 a uni=m op]ation1 su* z !re w\ld be on %ells1 & "w ( t k9d4 ,we h tak5 cab9etmak]s & taught !m to run bor+ mills2 blank book salesm5 to assemble units = our ,,surface ,,gr9d]s2 %oemak]s to assemble units = ,,surface ,,gr9d]s2 c>p5t]s to run turret la!s1 & pla9 help]s or sweep]s to break 9 on ,surface & ,floor ,motor ,gr9d]s4 ,we also h a numb] ( wom5 9 ! %op :om we h tak5 9 )\t _! hav+ any previ\s exp]i5ce 9 ma*9e "w1 & taught !m v>i\s op]ations1 su* z broa*+1 b5* "w1 drill+1 turn+ bevel ge>s1 vise "w1 cutt+ long ?reads1 & "w ( a simil> nature1 & h f\nd !m v satisfactory on ?is class ( "w4 ,we h endeavor$ to tea* !m ! rudim5ts ( ?is "w be=e putt+ !m on to regul> production "w1 b aft] !y ma/] ! fir/ "p ( x1 all ! "w t is done is on a regul> production basis1 & we h f\nd 9 a great _m cases t !y h be5 able to r$uce ! "t tak5 p] piece to a v m>k$ degree ov] :at has =m]ly be5 tak5 by m54 ,i s5d h]e) eight photographs ( our op]atives t h be5 brok5 into skill$ "w ( v>i\s k9ds ?r\gh\t our %op1 t has previ\sly be5 done by m5 skill$ 9 ! p>ticul> l9e involv$4 ,we ?9k t "s ( ^! are almo/ rem>kable1 :5 we consid] :at our attitude 0 two ye>s ago on "w ( ?is k9d1 refus+ absolutely to put anyone on :o _h n be5 skill$ 9 ! p>ticul> l9e involv$4 7,sign$7 ,,w9field ,w4 ,,blakeman1 ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,assembly ( our calip] device us$ 9 connection ) our high-p[] v]tical-surface gr9d]1 = f9e measurem5ts on p>ts be+ surface gr\nd4 ,done by 8a man #fc ye>s old1 a %oemak] by trade1 :o has be5 on ?is "w s9ce ,june #bg1 #aiah1 & has le>n$ 9 t "t to completely assemble ^! delicate in/rum5ts1 mak+ ! prop] adju/m5ts1 lapp+ & do+ a quality ( "w t passes a rigid inspection40 ,blan*>d ,ma*9e ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,?read-cutt+ op]ation on a fe$ screw = our surface gr9d]1 :i* is made f a =ty-c>bon /eel1 is #bf in*es long & has "o-qu>t] in* pit* acme ?read ab\t two-?irds ( its l5g? t mu/ be a close fit 9 a bronze unit4 ,done by 8a "y lady1 :o has be5 on ?is class ( "w s9ce ,may #i1 #aiah1 has be5 able to take ^! screws f ! r\gh /ock1 turn !m to gr9d+ size & f9ally f9i% cutt+ ! ?read 9 a "t t is less ?an 0 =m]ly tak5 by skill$ ma*9i/s4 ,we ?9k t ?is is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable jobs done by ! wom5 9 our %op1 z ?is "w requires v c>eful att5tion & unusual skill40 ,blan*>d ,ma*9e ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,assi/ant ,inspector4 ,blan*>d ,ma*9e ,co4 ,done by 8a "y girl ( tw5ty ye>s1 :o has be5 assi/ant inspector s9ce ,april #bi1 #aiah1 & :ile %e does n und]/& all ! te*nical phrases us$ 9 connection )1 "w ( ?is sort1 !re is a v l>ge p]c5tage :i* is m]ely r\t9e1 & if x does n pass ! gauges provid$ %e ref]s x to ano!r man to put on production "w40 ,illu/ration3 ,ma*9i/4 ,op]ation ( ,turret ,la!4 ,blan*>d ,ma*9e ,co4 ,done by 8a "y man1 c>p5t] by trade 7n 9 draft71 hav+ no previ\s exp]i5ce on ma*9]y b by keep+ a uni=m l9e ( "w go+ ?r\gh ?is ma*9e1 & giv+ him c>eful in/ructions1 he is able to almo/ equal t ( a skill$ op]ator4 ,he has be5 9 our employ s9ce ,janu>y #i1 #aiah40 ,illu/ration3 ,f9i% turn+ ( /eel bevel ge>s to accurate dim5sions1 us+ comp\nd slide & produc+ a quality ( "w t w pass ! mo/ critical inspection4 ,done by 8a woman :o _h no previ\s exp]i5ce on la!s & came to "w 9 ,june ( ?is ye>40 ,blan*>d ,ma*9e ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,graduat+ ( ! segm5t plates us$ on our high-p[] v]tical surface gr9d]4 ,x calls = ! use ( an index head & mak+ e fif? l9e ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* long] ?an ! balance ( ! l9es 9 ! section1 us+ a gauge %[n on ! front ( ! ma*9e = ?is purpose4 ,blan*>d ,ma*9e ,co4 ,,done ,,by 8a "y lady :o _h a small am\nt ( exp]i5ce assembl+ on automobile />t]s be=e %e came to "w = u on ,june #bd1 #aiah4 ,by sett+ up ! ma*9e & n giv+ h] too difficult jobs1 %e is able to ab\t equal ! "t tak5 by ! av]age man40 ,illu/ration3 ,jig drill+ on a #bj-;in* upright drill t has previ\sly be5 done by m54 ,blan*>d ,ma*9e ,co4 ,,done ,,by 8wom5 op]atives :o are usually able to practically rea* ! "t tak5 by ! m5 on ?is "w4 ,9 a few cases :]e ! m5 h _h a long] p]iod ( exp]i5ce !y h be5 able to improve on ! "t tak5 by ! wom54 ,a great deal ( ?is "w calls = drill+ & tapp+1 z well z c\nt]bor+ & spot fac+40 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,%ell ,,company ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 ,9 ref]5ce to our me?od ( produc+ toolroom outfits mo/ economically & ) a l>ge output3 ,?is is *iefly accompli%$ by anticipat+ our ma*9e %op requirem5ts or dem&s f> en\gh 9 advance s t ! majority ( "w pass+ ?r\gh ! toolroom c be manufactur$ 9 quantities great en\gh to be produc$ economically1 & also br++ ! toolroom "w ne>] to an actual manufactur+ basis4 ,?is also elim9ates a lot ( d[n or lo/ "t1 includ+ ! unnecess>y losses1 su* z occur betwe5 jobs on "w ( ?is nature4 ,x also decreases ! p]c5tage ( losses due to spoil$ "w z work]s become m skill$ 9 p]=m+ "o k9d ( "w r ?an a numb] ( diff]5t classes ( "w1 :i* is inv>iably ! case 9 toolrooms4 ,we also f9d ?is gives u ! opportunity to take advantage ( pres5t conditions & hire a man :o sometimes is incl9$ to call himself a toolmak]1 al?\gh he is n an all-ar\nd man b is /ill q suitable "u our conditions ( work+4 ,we f9d1 too1 t on quantity production 9 toolroom1 we are 9 a position to effect "s v great sav+s 9 "t & money1 z x p]mits /&>d jigs & fixtures1 su* z 9 ord9>y manufactur+2 = in/ance1 we at "o "t ma*9$ all our flat tool bits made ( high spe$ /eel be=e h>d5+ & gr9d+1 :ile our pres5t me?od is to heat b>s ( /eel 9 gas furnace & !n pun* out ) die "u heavy hamm] or press4 ,?is me?od alone 9 a c\ple ( h\rs gives u a supply ahead t w\ld ord9>ily take "o ma*9e or m 9 cont9u\s op]ation to produce4 ,! classes ( "w 9 toolroom are also segregat$ z mu* z possible2 we h "o gang = ma*9e repair & recon/ruction only4 ,ano!r gang does all ! r\gh+ "w on tools & gauges s t ! f9i%+ "w only on gauges is done by ! gauge-mak]s :o are also practically a sep>ate gang4 ,! gr9d+ ( tools is "u "o skill$ me*anic :o is a work+ gang boss & lead] ( m5 tra9$ to d ?is "w only4 ,our tool supply is nev] p]mitt$ to get bel[ ! fix$ m9imum quantity1 & record ( ?is condition is always be=e ! toolroom =eman & ma9ta9$ by 8 cl]k4 ,8 cl]k is advis$ h\rly on ?is ?r\gh ! disbursem5ts :i* he receives f v>i\s %op cribs4 ,we also make a daily record ( ^! same disbursem5ts z aga9/ op]ations & production1 !reby keep+ 9 close t\* ) ?is situation1 obviat+ any unnecess>y tool wa/age :i* v quickly may become extremely exp5sive1 & :i* also may cause dang]\s delays 9 production 9 %op due to %ortages 9 tool supply4 7,sign$7 ,,george ,,de ,,laval1 ,vice-,presid5t & ,g5]al ,manag]4 ,,we/+h\se ,,electric ,,& ,,manufactur+ ,,co4 ,ea/ ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,until rec5tly we h conf9$ our tra9+1 z su*1 v l>gely to trades appr5tices4 ,we h a f\r-ye> c\rse = ^! z me*anics1 electricians & patt]nmak]s4 ,until rec5tly x has be5 our plan to tra9 new employees 9 ! section to :i* !y 7 assign$1 ^u ! ma*9es & "w ) :i* !y 7 to be regul>ly connect$4 ,! v>i\s %op dep>tm5ts h in/ructors pick$ f ! be/ workm5 to demon/rate ma*9es & _! op]ation1 :5 necess>y4 ,:at has already be5 said applies to bo? m5 & wom51 & up to ! pres5t "t we h done no?+ m ?an ?is 9 ! way ( tra9+ m5 employees4 ,rec5tly we h inaugurat$ a tra9+ c\rse = wom5 ma*9e op]ators & a dep>tm5t has be5 equipp$ :]e9 ^! wom5 are in/ruct$ 9 ! op]ation ( ma*9e tools1 su* z la!s1 drill press1 screw ma*9es1 gr9d]s & mill+ ma*9es4 ,?is dep>tm5t is also to tra9 wom5 :o are to "w on me*anical fitt+4 ,9 addition to ?is we h a tra9+ s*ool = in/ruct+ wom5 employees 9 electrical "w1 su* z w9d+1 tap+1 sold]+1 connect+ & insulat+4 ,^! s*ools are prim>ily = beg9n]s & x is ! plan to obta9 wom5 = ^! tra9+ sections ?r\gh our c5traliz$ ,employm5t ,dep>tm5t4 ,!n1 :5 any manufactur+ dep>tm5t wi%es help1 x w obta9 x f ! tra9+ section4 ,! in/ructor f ^! tra9+ sections is a high-grade man assi/$ by wom51 & ^! in/ructors are c>efully select$ f our own be/ employees4 ,! l5g? ( ! tra9+ p]iod runs f two to ?ree days up to ?ree to f\r weeks1 dep5d+ ^u ! difficulty ( ! occupation & ! adaptability ( ! woman be+ tra9$4 ,we h also rec5tly inaugurat$ a tra9+ s*ool = wom5 cl]ks & we h _h = "s "t a tra9+ s*ool = /5ograph]s1 typi/s1 trac]s & dictaphone op]ators4 ,we believe t prelim9>y tra9+ is v desirable = bo? m5 & wom5 & t if equipm5t & space are all[able1 special tra9+ dep>tm5ts %\ld be e/abli%$ :]ev] ! nature ( ! "w w p]mit x4 7,sign$7 ,,robt4 ,l4 ,,wilson1 ,assi/ant ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,,norton ,,gr9d+ ,,company ,bel[ is a li/ ( m5 f ! ,norton ,co41 ,worce/]1 tak+ a summ] c\rse 9 ! ,worce/] ,trade ,s*ool to qualify 9 an eight weeks' c\rse z all r\nd ma*9e h&s4 ,five o!r factories are s5d+ simil> gr\ps ( employees4 ,_! wages w soon be f #cj p] c5t4 to #ajj p] c5t4 m ?an ev] be=e1 :i* indicates 9 a measure _! increas$ s]vice 9 ! w> em]g5cy4 ,c\ld any?+ indicate bett] ?an ?is gr\p 9 tra9+ = all r\nd ma*9e h&s1 & ! /atem5t ( _! previ\s exp]i5ce :i* foll[s1 ! necessity ( br++ m5 l !m into our factories1 fir/ giv+ !m an int5sive tra9+ :i* develops _! lat5t abilities8 ,"n ,age ,previ\s education ,previ\s occupation ,a4 ,b4 #bd ,gramm> ,s*ool ,c>p5t] ,e4 ,r4 #cb ,gramm> ,s*ool ,labor] ,c4 ,m4 #cj ,high ,s*ool1 #a ye> ,musician1 #i ye>s ,c4 ,j4 #bd ,gramm> ,s*ool ,ela/ic ,dept4 ,o4 ,l4 #ah ,trade ,s*ool1 #d ye>s ,/ud5t ,i4 ,k4 #bd ,high ,s*ool1 #a ye>s ,scrap] h& ,c4 ,d4 #bj ,high ,s*ool1 #c ye>s ,groc]y cl]k ,t4 ,j4 #dd ,gramm> ,s*ool ,pa9t] ,a4 ,s4 #bg ,high ,s*ool1 #d ye>s ,adju/+ glasses 9 optician's (fice ,d4 ,s4 #bj ,high ,s*ool1 #a ye> ,assembl+1 ma*9e %op ,m4 ,o',b4 #db ,gramm> ,s*ool ,bru%mak] = #cc yrs4 ,c4 ,k4 #cb ,high ,s*ool1 #b ye>s ,assembl+1 ma*9e %op ,o4 ,g4 #ai ,n giv5 ,grad+ ,s4 ,g4 #ca ,norwi* ,univ4 graduate ,civil eng9e]1 9 bus9ess = himself ,m4 ,w4 #ag ,high ,s*ool1 #a ye> ,turret la! ,trade ,s*ool1 #a ye> op]ator1 #b ye>s ,j4 ,s4 #ba ,prim>y ,s*ool ,m\ld]1 #a ye> ,l4 ,b4 #bj ,high ,s*ool1 did n ,groc]y cl]k graduate ,m4 ,h4 #ah ,high ,s*ool ,/ud5t ,m4 ,t4 #cc ,prim>y ,s*ool ,a4 ,s4 #ch ,gramm> ,s*ool ,sc5e %ift] 9 ,poli's ,!at] ,i4 ,g4 #ai ,gramm> ,s*ool1 #b ye>s ,/ud5t ,h4 ,m4 #bj ,n giv5 ,c>ry+ boxes1 ,logan1 ,swift ,brigham ,"n ,=m] wage ,a4 ,b4 ,n /at$ ,e4 ,r4 #ah p] week ,c4 ,m4 #bb or #bj week ,c4 ,j4 #ce;c p] h\r & piece "w ,o4 ,l4 ,i4 ,k4 #de;c p] h\r ,c4 ,d4 #b4ge p] day ,t4 ,j4 #cd;c p] h\r ,a4 ,s4 #e yrs4 at #ah week #i mos4 at #be week ,d4 ,s4 #cd;c p] h\r ,m4 ,o',b #d p] day ,c4 ,k4 #ce;c p] h\r ,o4 ,g4 #ce;c p] h\r ,s4 ,g4 ,m4 ,w4 #bg;c p] h\r ,j4 ,s4 #c4ej p] day ,l4 ,b4 ,n /at$ ,m4 ,h4 ,m4 ,t4 #ce;c p] h\r ,a4 ,s4 #ba p] week ,i4 ,g4 ,h4 ,m4 #cj;c p] h\r ,illu/ration3 ,v]tical ,mill+--two weeks 9 s*ool4 ,previ\s exp]i5ce1 plumb] & pun* press op]ator4 ,norton4 ,illu/ration3 ,%>p5+ ,mill+ ,cutt] on ,norton ,tool ,gr9d]--sev5 weeks 9 s*ool4 ,previ\s exp]i5ce1 two ye>s boil] factory & team/]4 ,norton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma*9i/s' ,,class1 ,,norton ,,companies1 ,,at ,,worce/] ,,trade ,,s*ool1 ,,summ] ,,( #aiah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma*9i/s' ,,class1 ,,norton ,,companies1 ,,at ,,worce/] ,,trade ,,s*ool1 ,,summ] ,,( #aiah4 ,tak+ an eight-weeks' c\rse ( int5sive tra9+ fitt+ !m to take places 9 a g5]al ma*9e %op4 ,?is c\rse c>ries !m mu* f>!r ?an ma*9e op]ators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,female ,,employees ,,at ,,norton ,,company1 ,,worce/]1 ,,mass41 ,,july1 #aiah1 ,,9 ,,khaki ,,uni=m4 ,illu/ration3 ,gr9d+ on ,br[n ,%>pe univ]sal ma*9e2 #e weeks 9 s*ool2 previ\s exp]i5ce1 design] 9 corset %op 7,norton74 ,illu/ration3 ,op]at+ ,w>n] ,swasey turret la!2 no previ\s exp]i5ce 9 ma*9e %op2 #h weeks 9 s*ool & n[ e>ns #de c5ts p] h\r p4 w4 7,norton74 ,illu/ration3 ,le>n+ b5* "w2 "o ( ^! m5 9 s*ool #f weeks2 previ\s to com+ "h own$ a but*] %op 7,norton74 ,,detroit ,,/eel ,,products ,,co4 ,detroit1 ,mi*igan ,"s "t ago x became necess>y to increase ! numb] ( skill$ me*anics 9 ! /eel spr+ bus9ess & a company 9 ,detroit segregat$ a gr\p ( h&ym5 "u a skill$ me*anic to see if !y c\ld acquire ! necess>y skill 9 a p]iod less ?an ?ree ye>s :i* 0 !n ! admitt$ necess>y "t = complete appr5tice%ip4 ,! plan _h ! assi/ance ( a man tra9$ 9 tea*+ me?ods b )\t l>ge k ( ! special bus9ess 9 h&4 ,aft] f\r weeks' tra9+ an op]ator 0 put on production "w :o equall$ ! av]age me*anic 9 ?is l9e ( "w & :o 9 ?ree mon?s 0 lead+ ! production ( ! %op4 ,?is initial success l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ool+ z ! prop] me?od ( secur+ skill$ help 9 ?is factory4 ,! elem5ts mo/ desirable 9 indu/rial tra9+ are3 #a4 ,sep>ation ( ! tra9+ dep>tm5t f production s z to avoid int]f]5ce ) production & also int]f]5ce ) ! op]ators 9 tra9+4 #b4 ,supply+ a full k ( ! special bus9ess or trade ?r\gh an in/ructor fully tra9$4 #c4 ,supply+ a full k ( tea*+ me?ods ?r\gh an in/ructor :o c act z a vehicle = ! transf] ( trade in=mation 9 simple language to ! new op]ators4 #d4 ,application ( ! /ud5ts' "t to le>n+ "o simple op]ation1 pref]ably on a subdivid$ op]ation4 #e4 ,application ( ! /ud5t's "t to le>n+ ! free op]ation ( ! tool toge!r ) opportunity to try its op]ation on "s p]sonally *os5 "w4 #f4 ,satisfactory high scale ( wage1 b "o :i* c be exce$$ 9 actual production4 #g4 ,enc\ragem5t to ! op]ators & !n m enc\ragem5t4 #h4 ,selection ( suitable op]ators4 ,( all ^! ! ones mo/ ov]look$ are numb]s #a1 #c & #f4 ,_m manag]s ?9k t good in/ruction c be giv5 "r 9 ! produc+ dep>tm5ts1 :]eas ?is has be5 prov5 to be a great int]f]5ce ) bo? production & s*ool+4 ,mo/ attempts to use skill$ me*anics z in/ructors has fail$ because !y lack$ ! ability to prop]ly convey to o!rs ! k !y possess$4 ,! assi/ance ( a tra9$ tea*] has made ! "w ( _m me*anical in/ructors a real success4 ,! op9ion t ! company is do+ a dis9t]e/$ ?+ 9 tra9+ new op]ators has l$ "s to believe t ! wage scale = le>n]s c\ld be made v l[4 ,"o way to help a man to act l a g5tleman is to dress him z su* & treat him z f> z possible z su*4 ,! same holds true ) op]ators 9 tra9+4 ,! fact t !y are rat$ well & tra9$ by ! be/ ( me*anics1 on ! be/ ( tools1 9 a %op ) good surr\nd+s1 means mu* 9 ! f9al success ( indu/rial tra9+4 7,sign$7 ,r4 ,s4 ,,drummond1 ,=m]ly ,vice-,presid5t & ,g5]al ,manag]4 ,,scovill ,,manufactur+ ,,co4 ,wat]bury1 ,conn4 ,! tra9+ room ( ! ,scovill ,manufactur+ ,company />t$ ,april #a1 #aiah4 ,we tra9 beg9n]s on h& screw ma*9es & eng9e la!s on pla9 turn+4 ,! tra9+ = exp]i5c$ work]s is to tea* toolsett]s ) "s exp]i5ce to be exp]ts along special l9es & o!rwise develop$ 9 _! "w4 ,also workm5 ) "s g5]al exp]i5ce 9 ma*9e room "w are taught to run eng9e la!s4 ,fur!r developm5ts 9 g5]al ma*9e room "w is to be tak5 up lat]4 ,our be/ in/ructors are pick$ f ^? engag$ 9 actual production or f promis+ pupils 9 ! tra9+ s*ool4 ,skill1 pati5ce & tea*+ ability are ! requirem5ts ( ! tea*]s4 ,! be/ tra9ees are ^? recruit$ f o!r l9es ( "w 9 ! factory1 especially at ?is "t1 & ^? impell$ ) ! real s5se ( duty4 ,requirem5ts3 ,av]age /r5g?1 intellig5ce & a desire to le>n4 ,! /eady type is pref]able to ! m brilliant op]ator :o lacks /ay+ qualities4 ,! op]ators are tra9$ 9 ! class ( "w !y are expect$ to foll[1 & ?is tra9+ is valu$ 9 proportion z x increases production f ! fir/ 9 ! production rooms1 & enables ! op]ator to face actual work+ conditions )\t hesitancy & )\t fe> ( h&l+ ! ma*9es4 ,! total co/ ( in/allation = our s*ool to date has be5 approximately #b1jjj4 ,) u1 ! co/ ( tra9+ 7be+ ! am\nt paid op]atives above _! e>n+s :ile 9 ! tra9+ room7 is approximately z foll[s3 ,eng9e la! work]s #cd av]age4 ,toolsett]s #be av]age4 ,female screw ma*9e op]ators #aj av]age4 ,! av]age numb] ( female op]ators 9 ! s*ool is n9e & _! av]age l5g? ( "t = tra9+ is eight days4 ,! male op]ators1 bo? eng9e la! work]s & toolsett]s1 require f ?ree to six weeks' tra9+ be=e !y are s5t out to ! production rooms4 ,= tool room purposes we h n tak5 up ! tra9+ ( wom5 & h only tak5 up ! tra9+ ( m5 along ! l9es ( simple pun* turn+ & /raight "w4 ,we f9d t ! m5 we in/ruct 9 ?is l9e ( "w are v int]e/$ & /ick clos] to ! job ?an ! av]age appr5tice 9 ! tool room4 7,sign$7 ,,wm4 ,,col9a4 ,,! ,,record+ ,,comput+ ,,ma*9es ,,co4 ,dayton1 ,ohio ,sev]al ye>s ago we _h ov] #bjj toolmak]s 9 our tool room engag$ ^u high grade jigs1 fixtures1 gauges1 etc4 ,! dem& = toolmak]s became su* t ! m5 7 leav+ u & x became practically impossible to get an adequate supply ( ?is highly skill$ labor4 ,my eng9e]s1 sup]9t5d5ts & myself made a /udy ( ! proposition & f\nd t on ! "w t ! tool room 0 do+ x 0 unnecess>y to employ su* highly skill$ labor on #gj p] c5t4 ( ! "w on ! av]age4 ,we1 !re=e1 diff]5tiat$ ! "w into its compon5t elem5ts & made a c>eful l9e ( cleavage betwe5 ! highly skill$ "w :i* ! toolmak]s 7 do+ & ! "w :i* c\ld be done by ord9>y ma*9i/s4 ,we !n br\ght 9 m5 :o 7 ma*9i/s1 sep>at+ !m into sev]al necess>y grades4 ,we _h suffici5t "w ( a m9or "* to keep ! l[] grades busy practically all ! "t4 ,we1 !re=e1 taught !m j h[ we want$ ! "w done4 ,z a result ( ?is diff]5tiation ( ! elem5ts go+ to make up tool room "w & ! %ap+ ( a di/9ct l9e ( cleavage betwe5 ! "w requir+ high skill & t requir+ skill ( a less] grade1 we 7 able to r$uce our toolmak+ =ce to less ?an fifty4 ,i am sure t a close /udy ( ! "w done 9 any tool room & a division ( ! "w same z along ! l9es indicat$ above w result 9 a decrease ( ! numb] ( toolmak]s requir$4 ,augu/ #g1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,c4 ,u4 ,,c>p5t]4 ,,ohm] ,,f>e ,,regi/] ,,company ,dayton1 ,ohio ,! tra9+ dep>tm5t occupies a space ( #bex#fj feet & has ! foll[+ equipm5t in/all$ z a beg9n+3 #a #ac-;in* la!4 #a #bj-;in* la!4 #a #cf-;in* la!4 #a ,no4 #e ,c9c9nati ,mill+ ,ma*9e4 #a ,no4 #bd ,o/]le9 ,mill+ ,ma*9e4 #a ,no4 #e ,br[n ,%>pe ,v]tical ,mill+ ,ma*9e4 #a #bd-;in* ,%ap]4 #a ,ba! ,univ]sal ,gr9d]4 #a #d-;foot ,c9c9nati ,bick=d ,radial ,drill4 #a #bj-;in* ,b>nes ,drill4 #a ,br[n ,%>pe ,h& ,screw ,ma*9e4 #a #ad-;in* ,wet ,tool ,gr9d]4 ,ab\t #cj feet ( b5*es ) vises1 etc4 ,at "o end ( ! space !y h an (fice & class room1 #aex#bj feet4 ,9 x !y h *airs1 blackbo>d1 draw+ bo>d1 etc4 ,x is _! practice to assemble all ( ! /ud5ts 9 ! class room = a few m9utes ea* day & give !m %ort talks ab\t ! "w & ! fundam5tals ( ! bus9ess4 ,^! talks are made z pi?y z possible & only "o ma9 fact is pres5t$ at a "t4 ,!y are tak+ 9 gre5 help1 ei!r f ! labor]s 9 ! %op or hir$ f outside1 bo? m5 & wom51 & are tra9+ !m = ma*9e op]ators & b5* h&s4 ,_! conditions are su* t !y _c d z _m conc]ns d1 tra9 = a s+le op]ation1 z !y mu/ make all-ar\nd op]ators4 ,_! me?od is su* t if ! =eman ( ! la! dep>tm5t is 9 ne$ ( a man he makes out a 8reque/ = help0 =m & has x s5t to ! s*ool :]e 8 ne$s are suppli$ if possible2 ! 8reque/ = help0 is !n s5t to ! ,employm5t ,ag5t /at+ t ! reque/ has be5 fill$ & ! ,employm5t ,ag5t fills ! vacancy 9 ! s*ool4 ,9 tea*+ ! names ( p>ts ( ! v>i\s ma*9es1 !y are go+ to give ea* /ud5t a picture ( ! p>ticul> ma*9e he is to "w on2 ^! pictures are numb]$ & on a sep>ate %eet are ! names ( ! correspond+ p>ts4 ,?is is done s t !y c be exam9$ 9 ! names ( p>ts & n h ! "n 9 front ( !m to ref] to4 ,only regul> factory production :i* mu/ pass inspection is us$ = in/ruction4 ,9 reg>d to in/ructors1 !y h tak5 a man f ! tool room :o is a me*anic & a good tea*]4 ,he c h&le any & all ( ! ma*9es & has ! ability to tell :at he kn[s 9 a cle> way t is readily und]/ood4 ,mo/ ( ! /ud5ts 9 ! tra9+ room at pres5t h be5 hir$ f outside b z x is becom+ bett] kn[n among ! m51 ! labor]s are apply+ = admission 9 rapidly increas+ numb]s4 ,!y h sev]al travel+ salesm51 (fice m5 & a few :o h tak5 _! degree4 ,^! latt] are n v satisfactory1 h[ev]--!y are n ne>ly s am5able to in/ruction z are m5 :o h be5 br\ght up to "w4 ,_! tra9+ p]iod w probably ext5d f f\r or five days to z _m weeks1 dep5d+ on ! adaptability ( ! /ud5t & ! difficulty ( ! ma*9e = :i* !y are be+ tra9$4 ,wom5 h n yet be5 introduc$ on ! heavi] ma*9es b x is int5d$ to d s )9 ! ne> future4 ,,c\rse ,,= ,,la! ,,op]ator ,names ( p>ts ( ma*9e4 ,names ( cutt+ tools & _! uses4 ,h[ to set tool prop]ly & :y4 ,measur+ in/rum5ts1 uses & h[ to read4 ,read+ blue-pr9ts4 ,tools us$ ab\t & 9 conjunction ) la!4 ,files & fil+4 ,/>t+ & /opp+ ma*9e4 ,*ang+ sp9dle spe$1 back ge>1 etc4 ,/>t+ & /opp+ v>i\s fe$s4 ,*ang+ fe$s4 ,c5t]+ r\nd %aft+4 ,pla9 turn+ op]ations4 ,face plate "w1 h[ set & c5t]$4 ,gr9d+ cutt+ tools1 cle>ance1 rake1 etc41 & reasons !re=4 ,cutt+ spe$s & fe$ = v>i\s metals4 ,lubricants & coolants1 use & b5efits4 ,c>e & upkeep ( ma*9e4 ,k9ks & po9t]s4 7,sign$7 ,e4 ,m4 ,,pi]ce1 ,sup]visor ( ,s*ool4 ,,burr\ghs ,,add+ ,,ma*9e ,,company ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,! ,burr\ghs ,add+ ,ma*9e ,company e/abli%$ 9 #aijg an appr5tice s*ool 7c\rse f\r ye>s7 :i* f its inception has prov$ an unqualifi$ success4 ,our appr5tices h also att5d$ classes 9 ! ,cass ,te*nical ,high ,s*ool 9 ,detroit4 ,9 ! ye> #aiaf we in/itut$ a c\rse along simil> l9es to our appr5tice c\rse = our s]vice m54 ,h[ev]1 ! g5]al %ortage ( skill$ male help1 ! loss ( ov] #hjj m5 ?r\gh ! draft1 & ! rapid expansion ( our bus9ess has oblig$ u to supplem5t our =ce ) a consid]able am\nt ( female help 9 ord] t ! increas$ dem& = our labor-sav+ product be met4 ,e>ly 9 ! pres5t ye>1 !re=e1 we e/abli%$ a s*ool = unskill$ female labor 9 connection ) "o ( our dep>tm5ts engag$ 9 ! simpl] op]ations4 ,z ! "y wom5 pass ?r\gh ! ,employm5t ,dep>tm5t !y are plac$ 9 ?is ,tra9+ ,s*ool "u ! sup]vision ( a compet5t in/ructor & are ?or\ghly gr\nd$ 9 ! op]ation p]=m$ 9 t p>ticul> dep>tm5t4 ,:ile 9 ?is s*ool _! *>act]i/ics are /udi$ & z !y acquire pr(ici5cy & _! ability develops1 !y are assign$ to m intricate & important "w 9 ! o!r dep>tm5ts ?r\gh\t ! factory4 ,! selection = ^! assignm5ts is det]m9$ by _! physical condition & _! me*anical developm5t & aptitude4 ,! in/ructor expla9s ?or\ghly ! nature ( ! new employm5t1 po9ts out ! advantages accru+ to ! employees because ( _! increas$ e>n+ capacities2 introduces !m into ! new dep>tm5t1 po9ts out 9 detail ! v>i\s op]ations conduct$ !re91 & pa9/ak+ly expla9s ! scope ( _! new duties4 ,! foll[+ day !y are />t$ at _! new op]ation1 & by frequ5t obs]vation1 in/ruction & enc\ragem5ts improve to a degree :]e !y become exp]t 9 ! "o op]ation4 ,9 ?is mann] girls are gradually develop$ f ! simpl] burr+ & fil+ op]ations until we n[ employ !m 9 dep>tm5ts p]=m+ su* v>i$ op]ations z indicat$ bel[4 ,spr+-w9d+1 rivet+ ma*9es1 drill-press & mill+ ma*9es1 /raight5+ ( p>ts1 assembl+ ( special features1 assembl+ & fitt+ type1 ! erection ( ma*9es1 adju/+ & inspect+ ma*9es1 assembl+ & adju/+ motors1 pun* press & h& & automatic screw ma*9e "w4 ,z ! girls graduate f ! />t+ dep>tm5t1 or s*ool1 !y don ! regul> %op uni=m1 consi/+ ( a suit ( ov]alls1 & take _! place alongside ! m5 & "u ! same g5]al conditions z to h\rs ( labor & rates ( pay4 ,?is /epp+-up me?od ( tra9+ ! unskill$ females has be5 a success ) u z f> z x goes1 & has enabl$ u to increase our production #ej p] c5t4 = ! curr5t ye> 9 spite ( ! acute skill$ labor situation4 ,f ,april #a1 :5 ! tra9+ s*ool 0 e/abli%$1 up to ! pres5t "t1 #dab "y wom5 h be5 receiv$ 9 ,dep>tm5t #ce1 & #bfj h be5 tra9$ & transf]r$ to o!r dep>tm5ts4 ,at all times !re are ab\t =ty or fifty "y wom5 und]go+ tra9+4 ,only n9e "y wom5 h be5 return$ to ,dep>tm5t #ce = fur!r tra9+ s9ce ,april #a4 ,aft] receiv+ additional tra9+ ^! n9e 7 aga9 plac$ & 9 no case has "o fail$ = ! second "t4 ,x is j a matt] ( f9d+ ! "r place = ! "r "y wom51 & !n !re is no "q ab\t !m mak+ good on ! jobs1 z !y are prov+ e day4 ,9 conclusion1 tribute mu/ be paid to ! #a1bjj wom5 9 our factory ^: e>ne/ desire to help _! c\ntry 9 its "t ( ne$1 & ^: m5tality & c\rage h enabl$ !m to make a success ( a k9d ( employm5t entirely =eign to !m on ! g5]al conception ( _! abilities4 7,sign$7 ,,wm4 ,,e>l ,,leev]1 ,assi/ant to ,g5]al ,manag]4 ,,und]wood ,,typewrit] ,,co41 ,,inc4 ,h>t=d1 ,conn4 ,! ,und]wood ,typewrit] ,co41 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 has und]tak5 ! employm5t ( wom5 on a "p-"t basis1 su* z w p]mit !m to att5d to _! h\sehold c>es to a reasonable ext5t4 ,fur!r1 !y are (f]+ employm5t to wom5 hav+ small *ildr5 betwe5 two & "o-half & n9e ye>s ( age1 hav+ giv5 ov] a space 9 _! plant = ! c>e ( su* *ildr5 ?r\gh\t ! "w day1 practic+ ! k9d]g>t5 plan4 ,!y h f\nd _m :o are will+ to engage ) !m "u ?is plan1 & are pleas$ to report ! :ole g5]al s*eme is work+ out well4 ,_m ( ! wom5 ( ei!r class h become exp]t 9 skill$ "w ) b a limit$ "t = tra9+4 ,"u _! me?od1 h[ev]1 ! in/ruct+ is done 9 ea* ( ! manufactur+ dep>tm5ts :]e ! plan has be5 introduc$1 z !y h op]at$ "u good regulations z to quality & quantity = _m ye>s back1 r5d]+ x v practicable 9 _! case to n in/ruct & tra9 9 sep>ate spaces1 al?\gh !y appreciate ! ne$ = act+ o!rwise ) new "w1 su* z has be5 br\ght ab\t by ! w>1 & :]e9 ! tasks at h& are n subject to accurate measurem5t to />t )4 7,sign$7 ,c4 ,d4 ,,rice1 ,manag] ( ,factory4 ,photos are h]e) %[n :i* illu/rate ! mo!rs on "p-"t "w 9 ! factory :ile ! *ildr5 att5d ! k9d]g>t5 9 ! plant "u exp]t in/ruction4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! ,und]wood ,company indicates conclusively t advanc$ age is no b>ri] to productive value4 ,illu/ration3 ,"p-"t work]s assembl+ typewrit]s4 ,_! *ildr5 are c>$ = meantime 9 ! company's k9d]g>t5--,und]wood ,typewrit] ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,w>-"t k9d]g>t54 ,und]wood ,typewrit] ,co4 ,,! ,,national ,,ca% ,,regi/] ,,company ,dayton1 ,ohio ,! ,tra9+ ,s*ool = wom51 ( :om ov] eight hundr$ h be5 plac$ 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts1 0 />t$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ,m>*1 #aiah4 ,because ( ! dem& = tra9$ help 9 ! factory1 we h n be5 able to keep !m 9 ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool z long z we w\ld wi%1 b ev5 ?is %ort exp]i5ce has be5 suffici5t to take away ! fe> ( ! %op1 z _m ( our wom5 h nev] _h any factory exp]i5ce be=e4 ,:ile 9 ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool ! /ud5ts are paid ! regul> />t+ rate = wom51 & aft] !y ent] ! factory & become m effici5t _! rate increases until !y c d ! "w t a man previ\sly did bo? z reg>ds quality & quantity & !y receive a man's wage4 ,9 "s dep>tm5ts x has be5 f\nd necess>y to put slightly m wom5 on ! same op]ations ?an m5 =m]ly employ$ to obta9 ! same production1 b z ! wom5 ga9 exp]i5ce1 _! production increases rapidly & ! quality is z good1 if n bett]4 ,! wom5 h prov5 !mselves v apt 9 pick+ up ! small] class ( assembl+ on acc\nt ( _! nimble f+]s & c>e 9 h&l+ /ock4 ,we use our regul> production to tra9 ! /ud5ts1 & z x mu/ pass #ajj p] c5t4 inspection1 we emphasize quality & n quantity4 ,we f9d ! be/ class ( work]s comes f ^? betwe5 tw5ty-"o & =ty ye>s ( age1 )1 ( c\rse1 exceptions4 ,we n only tea* ! new employees ! me*anical op]ations1 b also give !m 8,heal? & ,safety0 lectures1 & %[ !m pictures ( _m ways "o c become injur$ if !y d n use precaution :ile work+ ar\nd ma*9]y4 ,!y are also in/ruct$ 9 ! use ( "t & in/ruction tickets4 ,our ,inspectors are select$ f ! factory1 pref]5ce be+ giv5 to ^? :o are exp]ts on _! p>ticul> class ( "w4 ,x is our op9ion t ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool is ! prop] way to tea* ! inexp]i5c$ help 9 ord] t !y may le>n ! "w quickly & get on a production basis 9 a %ort "t in/ead ( hir+ & plac+ help "r 9 ! %op & lett+ !m pick x up ) :at assi/ance & in/ruction !y c f _! fell[ workm54 ,9 ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool ! mo/ effici5t work]s c be reorganiz$ 9 a %ort "t1 & ! less effici5t ones c be giv5 special att5tion1 & usually we c br+ !m to a degree ( effici5cy n possible "u ! old me?od4 ,we try to f9d out 9 ! tra9+ s*ool :]e ! /ud5t's /rong po9t is1 :e!r on ma*9e op]ation or b5* "w1 & are enabl$ 9 ?is way to place !m 9 a job !y are p>ticul>ly suit$ =1 ?us keep+ ! problem out ( ! factory4 ,if !y %[ a prop] degree ( int]e/1 !y are giv5 all possible enc\ragem5t4 ,we h _h to mat]ially increase ! size ( our s*ool1 & ) ! he>ty co-op]ation we are receiv+ f ! heads ( ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts1 we believe ! employm5t ( wom5 on our "w is prov+ a success 9 e way4 ,ano!r po9t t we ?9k is good is t ! s*ool itself is ne>ly self-su/a9+4 ,! accompany+ photo1 numb] "o1 w give an idea ( ! size ( our s*ool1 & also ! v>i\s classes ( "w we tra9 !m on4 ,numb] two %[s a gang ( h& mills 8mann$0 by wom54 ,^! girls h all be5 ?r\gh our ,tra9+ ,s*ool & are n[ work+ on a piece basis & do+ x successfully4 7,sign$7 ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,h>tman4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,national ,ca% ,regi/] ,co4 ,a section ( ! tra9+ room4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,national ,ca% ,regi/] ,co4 ,a gang ( h& mills op]at$ by wom54 ,,pack>d ,,motor ,,c> ,,company ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aiad labor conditions 7 some:at di/urb$ 9 ,detroit4 ,we lo/ a good _m ( our exp]t v>ni% rubb]s1 & we c\ld n get skill$ m5 to replace !m1 & we tri$ to break 9 m5 on ! v>ni% rubb+ deck1 b f\nd t too mu* "w 0 spoil$ by ! gre5 m51 & ! exp]i5c$ m5 did n h "t or incl9ation to prop]ly in/ruct ^? :o 7 unskill$4 ,?is l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool = tra9+ v>ni% rubb]s & 0 ! beg9n+ ( our ef=ts to tra9 unskill$ work]s4 ,! result ( ?is exp]i5ce 0 s highly successful t we c>ri$ x to all ( ! o!r bran*es ( body manufacture1 & a s*ool = tra9+ unskill$ help became a p]man5t "p ( our in/itution4 ,we 7 able to tea* wom5 h[ to trim automobile bodies1 & !y le>n$ 9 an av]age ( less ?an n9ety days4 ,_! "w 0 ( a v high ord]1 & we 7 v mu* gratifi$ ) :at !y accompli%$4 ,v (t5 we f\nd t we 7 able to tra9 m5 to an exce$+ly high degree ( skill 9 less ?an sixty days4 ,all m5 7 n s apt4 ,"s ( !m c\ld n be plac$ 9 ! skill$ class ev5 aft] ?ree mon?s ( tra9+4 ,z ! w> activities took work]s we turn$ our s*ool into tra9+ qu>t]s = me*anics4 ,= in/ructors we aim to use ! be/ work]s 9 a p>ticul> class t we h1 provid+ t !y h ! natural ability to in/ruct o!rs4 ,"s m5 lack ! ability to imp>t _! k to o!rs4 ,?is type ( man does n make a good in/ructor4 ,a man %\ld n only be an exp]t 9 8 trade1 b he %\ld h ! natural ability to imp>t 8 k 9 ord] to become a good in/ructor4 ,9 tea*+ "s ( ! wom5 we f9d t "s wom5 pick up v quickly "s p>ticul> trade & :5 !y become exp]ts we 9 turn make !m in/ructors4 ,we h n yet develop$ any toolmak]s4 ,we h develop$ m5 to tool room "w1 su* z turn+1 gr9d+1 etc41 b ?is is n really toolmak+4 ,we believe t x is possible to turn out good toolmak]s & we are turn+ our en]gies to ?is end4 7,sign$7 ,f4 ,f4 ,,beall1 ,vice-,presid5t ( ,manufactur+4 ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,motors ,,co4 ,pott/[n1 ,pa4 ,our production is ab\t half ( :at x %\ld be1 due to lack ( skill$ help1 9 o!r words1 due to lack ( ma*9i/s4 ,we h n _h mu* tr\ble 9 gett+ gre5 m5 & we h _h no tr\ble 9 tra9+ ^! gre5 m5 to d ! op]ations on ! %ell bo? accurately & quickly1 b we h _h tr\ble 9 gett+ m5 to ma9ta9 ! tools or to equip = ^! op]ators4 ,fac+ ?is condition & be+ unable to obta9 ma*9i/s1 we decid$ to tra9 m5 to d ma*9i/s' & toolmak]s' "w4 ,our s*eme z outl9$ is z foll[s3 ,we are tak+ op]ators :o h _h exp]i5ce ( a ye> or m 9 our %op & are putt+ !m into ! s*ool "u a good me*anic :o =tunately is a tea*] also4 ,aft] a few weeks 9 ! s*ool we are putt+ !m into ! tool room z op]ators1 t is1 !y w be on "w :]e !y w get "w ( a repeat+ nature & !y w /ay on ! same class ( "w = a consid]able p]iod ( "t1 dep5d+ on ! man & h[ fa/ our o!r pupils come on1 ! idea be+ !n to take ! fir/ man back aga9 to ! s*ool & tea* him to op]ate "s o!r ma*9e tool1 !n s5d him back 9 ! tool room1 :]e1 aft] he has op]at$ on ! second type ( tool = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t1 he w\ld !n be ( m use1 z ! tool room =eman c\ld !n place him on ei!r "o ( two ma*9es4 ,= ! m att5tive & int]e/$ m5 we w\ld cont9ue ?is s*eme & ?us tea* !m ! op]ations ( all ma*9es & tools us$ 9 ! tool room4 ,we h also provid$ = a c]ta9 l9e ( b5* tra9+4 ,)9 ! next few weeks we hope to be able to take "s ( our ma*9e tools f ! %ell %op & put !m into ?is s*ool & we w !n tra9 our op]ators 9 ?is s*ool ) ! idea 9 m9d1 z /at$ 9 our previ\s lett]1 ( tea*+ !m ! prop] c>e ( a ma*9e tool1 z we consid] ?is ( vital importance4 ,9 fact1 ! writ] w\ld say t f obs]vation 9 o!r plants & exp]i5ce "h t x is 8 op9ion t "o ( ! greate/1 if n ! greate/1 causes = lack ( production 9 ma*9e %ops n[ on %ell "w is due to ma*9e breakage1 ?is com+ f sev]al causes1 among ! =emo/ be+ ! lack ( k on ! op]ators' "p4 ,:5 ! idea ( ! s*ool 0 fir/ br\ght up !re 0 "s feel+ among ! skill$ me*anics t ! m5 tra9$ 9 ! s*ool w\ld replace !m to ! detrim5t ( ! me*anic1 b ?is idea has pass$ or is pass+ away v rapidly & we f9d a consid]able int]e/ %[n by ! me*anics 9 ! ?+s t we are tea*+4 ,two ( our good ma*9i/s :o are on ma9t5ance or repair "w h ask$ to be all[$ to g to ! s*ool s t !y may become bett] work]s & get a tra9+ on f9] "w4 ,o!rs h %[n simil> int]e/ & we h t5tatively agre$ to />t an ev5+ s*ool ?is fall = me*anics1 our proposal be+ to "w 9 conjunction ) ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 = %op draw+ & ! read+ ( draw+s & to use our own %op = special in/ruction on ma*9e tools4 7,sign$7 ,,george ,c4 ,,lees1 ,secret>y & ,works ,manag]4 ,,! ,h4 ,e4 ,,h>ris ,,eng9e]+ ,,co4 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,we are enclos+ h]e) ?ree photographs %[+ "w 9 our ve/ibule s*ool = wom5 on gauge f9i%+ "w4 ,! picture ( ! six wom5 9 a l9e ) ! in/ructor at ! end %[s ! pupils on gauge f9i%+ "w1 lapp+ plug1 ?read gauges1 snap gauges1 etc4 ,^! wom5 h prov5 !mselves v apt1 b difficulty is be+ exp]i5c$1 due to ! fact t ! necess>y laps requir+ highly skill$ me*anics are (t5 made defective1 on acc\nt ( ! feel+ ( ! skill$ tool & gauge mak]s :o d n wi% any ( ! wom5 to d any ( ?is "w4 ,! wom5 %[ a bett] _s & give a mu* bett] production1 at lea/ ?ree times z mu* z ! m5 d on ! same "w4 ,! "o photograph %[+ ! six wom5 9 a r[ & ! in/ructor at ! f> end1 %[s a gr\p 9 ! s*ool lapp+ ^! gauges4 ,illu/ration3 ,gr\p 9 tra9+ room lapp+ gauges4 ,h4 ,e4 ,h>ris ,eng9e]+ ,co4 ,! two photographs ( ! same woman1 ,mrs4 ,h----1 %[ h] 9 "o photograph lapp+ a ?read gauge :i* has to be correct )9 4#jjjb4 ,%e is ab\t f\r times z pr(ici5t z any man t we h 9 ! place4 ,! o!r photograph %[s h] measur+ ! same ?read gauge betwe5 ! lapp+ op]ation ) ! ?ree-wire sy/em1 :i* is r a difficult feat ( measurem5t4 7,sign$7 ,,h>ry ,e4 ,,h>ris1 ,presid5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,lapp+ a ?read )9 4#jjjb in*4 ,h4 ,e4 ,h>ris ,eng9e]+ ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,measur+ ?read gauge ) ?ree wire sy/em--a difficult feat4 ,h4 ,e4 ,h>ris ,eng9e]+ ,co4 ,,oakley ,,ma*9e ,,tool ,,company ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio ,our %op has an av]age ( #ge m5 on its pay roll1 mak+ a ,precision ,tool ,room ,gr9d]4 ,be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates jo9$ ! =ces ( ,lib]ty we _h felt a %ortage ( labor & _h tak5 /eps to break 9 untra9$ m54 ,?9k+ we 7 n l>ge en\gh to inaugurate a ,ve/ibule ,tra9+ ,room1 z x is g5]ally und]/ood1 we inaugurat$ a sy/em ( tra9+ m5 directly 9 our %op4 ,we sort$ out applicants & put !m 9 our %op1 two at a "t2 if !y _h nev] work$ 9 a %op be=e we />t$ !m on simple ma*9es1 su* z ! hack saw1 c5t]+ ma*9e1 etc41 9 ord] t !y might get us$ to ! noise & me?ods ( ! ma*9e %op4 ,!y 7 !n advanc$ to ,r\gh+ ,la!s1 be+ giv5 simple jobs1 su* z turn+ & fac+4 ,by hav+ only two at a "t ! =eman 0 able to give !m p]sonal sup]vision1 )\t int]f]+ ) 8 regul> "w4 ,z !y develop$ !y 7 giv5 m difficult jobs4 ,we f\nd1 z a rule1 inside ( sixty days su* m5 made v fair ma*9e h&s4 ,we also broke m5 9 on drill presses & %ap]s1 us+ same tactics & _h v successful results4 ,to give y an idea z to ! class ( m5 f :i* we h made ma*9e op]ators1 we h work+ 9 our %op to-day "o b>t5d]1 piano tun]1 /reet c> conductor1 bricklay]1 coal m9] & an arti/--self made4 ,! o!r unskill$ m5 _h _h "s previ\s exp]i5ce on productive labor1 ei!r runn+ pun*+ presses1 nail+ ma*9es1 or "w requir+ a smatt]+ ( me*anical ability4 ,our exp]i5ce is t if y take a man ov] #cj t has become disgu/$ f a bl9d alley pr(ession1 :]e !re is no hope ( advancem5t1 po9t out ! possibilities ( ! ma*9e tool trade1 & give him a liv+ wage to />t1 ev5 ?\gh at fir/ he is n wor? x1 he develops into a good & loyal man4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 l *ildr51 !y h to be enc\rag$ e s (t5 by a p]sonal talk or sugge/ions f ! head man4 ,( c\rse we h _h our failures1 b our successes h be5 9 ! majority1 s we are cont9u+ to break 9 gre5 help4 7,sign$7 ,,alb]t ,a4 ,,?ay]1 ,treasur]4 ,,l9coln ,,motor ,,company ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,our s*ool is go+ along nicely & :ile we are n p]fect+ ma*9e tool op]ators to ! degree ,i w\ld l because ( ! necessity ( ru%+ !m ?r\gh ! s*ool to ! %op prop]1 we are accompli%+1 ,i ?9k1 t :i* we set out to d1 namely1 to take away f ! girl ! fe> ( ! %op & to give h] a fair k ( ! tool %e is to h&le4 ,! wom5 und\bt$ly h b5efit$ beyond measure by ! %ort "t sp5t 9 ! s*ool room1 & h gone into ! factory ) ! confid5ce t c>ri$ !m ?r\gh ! fir/ few days & made !m effici5tly productive 9 a %ort] p]iod ( "t4 ,! tra9+ room is locat$ 9 ! small] ( our two plants & is equipp$ ) a la!1 mill+ ma*9e1 ge> cutt]1 drill press1 pr(il]1 etc41 ^? be+ ! tools ^u :i* x 0 decid$ to tra9 op]ators4 ,9 *>ge ( ?is room 0 plac$ an in/ructor :o _h _h "s slight exp]i5ce 9 a cont9uation s*ool & :o w5t to "w "u ! direct sup]vision ( a high grade speciali/ secur$ f a well kn[n ea/]n factory effici5cy organization4 ,! in/ructor 0 giv5 no special in/ruction beyond be+ told :at we hop$ to accompli% 9 ! way ( build+ up an organization ( wom5 ( m ?an ord9>y ability & moral "*4 ,! tra9+ room up to ! pres5t "t has be5 us$ only 9 connection ) supply+ ! factory ) wom5 work]s4 ,wom5 ( ! age ( tw5ty-"o & upw>ds h be5 tak51 _! ref]5ces c>efully exam9$1 & !y h be5 giv5 f "o to ?ree days' tra9+ 9 ?is s*ool4 ,because ( ! dem& ( ! %op = help x has n always be5 possible to keep !m 9 a tra9+ room = z long a p]iod z w\ld seem desirable1 & 9 "s in/ances !y h /ay$ only "o day4 ,dur+ ! tra9+ p]iod !y h be5 paid ! regul> rate = wom51 ?irty c5ts p] h\r1 :i* rate ma9ta9s aft] !y ent] ! %op until su* "t z !y are plac$ ^u a piece-"w basis4 ,we believe1 h[ev]1 t ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! tra9+ room we %all be able to in/ruct wom5 work]s 9 ma*9e tool op]ation s !y w g direct f ! s*ool room into ! %op )\t fe> ( :at is to be enc\nt]$ !re91 & ) a bett] k ( ! tool !y are op]at+1 & ! reason !y are op]at+ x1 ?an !y c\ld possibly acquire ?r\gh any o!r me?od4 ,illu/ration3 ,inspect+ pi/ons & valves4 ,l9coln ,motor ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,ma*9+ ,ma9 ,be>+ ,bolts4 ,l9coln ,motor ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,h& ,mill+ ,ma*9es4 ,l9coln ,motor ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ! tra9+ dep>tm5t4 ,l9coln ,motor ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,new arrivals 9 ,tra9+ ,room--,l9coln ,motor ,co4 ,! s*ool is favorably look$ ^u by all ( ! employees1 & 9 ^? cases :]e x is f\nd t a woman is n work+ out well ^u ! "w to :i* ! s*ool has assign$ h]1 & is return$ to x = fur!r in/ruction1 %e has 9 all cases gone back to x ) a *e]fulness & will+ness t is bo? surpris+ & gratify+4 ,! writ] is ( ! op9ion t ! s*ool 9 ?is factory has come to /ay & t :5 we build up our organization & get ?r\gh ! /r5u\s times we are n[ exp]i5c+1 ! advantage ( ! ve/ibule s*ool in/ruction w be giv5 m5 employees z well z wom54 7,sign$7 ,j4 ,m4 ,,eaton1 ,assi/ant to ,presid5t ,h5ry ,m4 ,lel&4 ,,tra9+ ,,= ,,! ,,tool ,,room ,y m5tion tra9+ 9 ! m difficult l9es ( ef=t1 su* z ,tool ,room1 ,ma*9e ,%ops1 etc4 ,we agree ) y z to ! wide possibilities 9 ?is field1 & are n[ organiz+ to accompli% ?is v ?+ at ! ,l9coln ,motor ,company4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> :5 labor %ortage 0 s]i\sly manife/$1 ,i _h *>ge ( ! recon/ruction ( a tool room1 employ+ #bgj toolmak]s & ma*9i/s1 engag$ 9 ! mak+ ( cutt]s1 ream]s1 broa*es1 drill jigs1 mill+ fixtures1 etc4 ,realiz+ !n ! difficulty t ! future held 9 /ore ( secur+ compet5t1 reliable toolmak]s & ma*9i/s1 we und]took to tra9 m5 :o _h no previ\s exp]i5ce 9 ?is l9e4 ,our results 7 q gratify+4 ,we classifi$ all "w & tra9$ m5 to op]ate specific ma*9es aga9/ ! v>i\s classifications4 ,to illu/rate3 ,we engag$ a c>p5t] #fg ye>s ( age1 :o _h no previ\s ma*9e %op exp]i5ce1 tra9$ him to run a ,univ]sal ,mill+ ,ma*9e2 n only did he meet successfully all "w s*$ul$ aga9/ 8 ma*9e1 b develop$ su* skill 9 ! op]ation ( ?is ma*9e1 t lat] he comp>$ favorably ) ! av]age good toolmak]1 & 9 six mon?s' "t we dep5d$ on him entirely to set up 8 own ma*9e & proce$ z a regul> toolmak]4 ,?is repres5ts int5sive tra9+ & :at 0 accompli%$ "h c be accompli%$ 9 o!r g5]al l9es ( tool room "w4 ,we ultimately _h #bae ( ^! tra9$ op]ators :o 7 able to c>ry on ! "w1 support$ by #ee good toolmak]s4 ,i am ) y 9 ! confid5ce t x w be necess>y to plan q consid]ably 9 ! adoption ( "s means to ov]come a situation :i* looks really s]i\s = ! future4 7,sign$7 ,w4 ,h4 ,,ebelh>e1 ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,l9coln ,motor ,co4 ,,muell] ,,metals ,,company ,port ,huron1 ,mi*4 ,i am pleas$ to advise y t we h be5 us+ _m unskill$ work]s1 also wom51 at bo? our ,s>nia1 ,ont>io1 & ,port ,huron1 ,mi*igan1 & ,decatur1 ,ill9ois1 plants & f9d t wom5 are able to d ! light op]ations on turret la!s q satisfactorily4 ,our greate/ difficulty is 9 our ,toolmak+ ,dep>tm5t1 b we h lately in/all$ ! foll[+ plan4 ,we are select+ a good la! h& f among our toolmak]s & giv+ him f "o to ?ree /ud5ts1 pay+ him f #bj p] c5t4 to #cj p] c5t41 dep5d+ on ! numb] ( /ud5ts he is able to take c>e ( successfully1 & we !n pay ^! /ud5ts ab\t #ej p] c5t4 ( :at ! in/ructor receives ) /ipulat$ raises 9 pay until !y h s]v$ two ye>s1 at ! end ( :i* "t we pay !m a v lib]al bonus4 ,we h be5 able to secure "s "y m5 j out ( ,high ,s*ool :o are go+ to make good workm51 b z ! new draft w possibly take "s ( ^! boys we are n[ figur+ on us+ wom5 on ?is "w & believe t !y w be able to c>ry x on q successfully4 7,sign$7 ,c4 ,g4 ,,heiby1 ,vice-,presid5t & ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,,detroit ,,lubricator ,,company ,detroit1 ,mi*igan ,new employees are />t$ on simple "w & giv5 individual in/ruction4 ,!y are !n advanc$ to m difficult "w4 ,by ?is me?od ( tra9+ we h op]ators giv+ top production :o only a %ort "t ago 7 automobile salesm51 cig> salesm51 lett] c>ri]s & wat*m54 ,! wom5 tra9$ 9 ?is way are produc+ excell5t results & are mak+ z good pay z ! m5 on ! same piece-"w4 ,at "s types ( inspection !y excel any m5 we ev] _h on ! jobs = spe$ & accuracy4 ,we h two m51 ) only "o arm ea*6 7aft] prop] tra9+7 do+ m "w ?an ! av]age two m54 ,! company has creat$ a new dep>tm5t = ! production ( ,lib]ty ,motor ,a]oplane ,c>buretors1 & ! "w ( ?is dep>tm5t includes a great v>iety ( ma*9es4 ,x writes3 ,9 ord] to furni% employees = ?is "w ) at lea/ p>tial tra9+1 we are recruit+ !m f o!r dep>tm5ts 9 ! %op do+ simil> "w2 9 ea* ( ^! o!r dep>tm5ts we h a section set aside :i* includes type ma*9]y1 & new employees are put at ?is "w "u c>eful sup]vision & tra9+ to develop !m & ?or\ghly det]m9e _! value be=e be+ advanc$ on to a]oplane "w4 7,sign$7 ,g4 ,b4 ,,duffield1 ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,,indep5d5t ,,pneumatic ,,tool ,,company ,aurora1 ,ill9ois ,s9ce in/all+ our ,ve/ibule ,tra9+ ,s*ool "s sev5 weeks ago1 we c gladly say x has prov5 a success1 ev5 beyond our expectations4 ,to date we h enroll$ #aji /ud5ts2 #ha m51 #bh wom54 ,! wom5 work]s h prov5 t !y c 9 ! em]g5cy take ! place ( practically all our male work]s1 t is ) f five to t5 days ( int5sive tra9+4 ,we h plac$ wom5 on su* ma*9es z ,ge> ,hobb]s1 ,screw ,ma*9es1 ,gr9d]s1 ,drill ,presses & are well satisfi$ ) ! result obta9$4 ,! p]c5tage ( scrap mat]ial has be5 less by ! female work]s ?an by ! male4 ,9 beg9n+ our c\rse ( tra9+ ea* week our ,mr4 ,f4 ,b4 ,ham]ly1 ,works ,manag]1 has made x 8 duty to tell ^! work]s ! vital ne$ ( tra9+ unskill$ m5 & wom5 s z to replace ! boys t are call$ f our plant1 t is1 he tries to raise !m to ! highe/ pit* ( en?usiasm4 7,sign$7 ,a4 ,h4 ,,boehm1 ,ve/ibule ,tra9+ ,s*ool4 ,augu/ #af1 #aiah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,indep5d5t ,,pneumatic ,,tool ,,company4 ,9 tra9+ on regul> production4 ,our tra9+ s*ool has be5 runn+ ab\t five weeks ) a capacity ( #ab /ud5ts p] week4 ,we are inde$ surpris$ at ! results we are gett+4 ,next week we int5d to put on a d\ble dose runn+ ?r\gh #bd /ud5ts p] week4 ,we are try+ to />t a night %ift 9 "o ( our important dep>tm5ts & w ne$ ab\t #dh or #ej m54 ,^! m5 are to be recruit$ entirely f our ,ve/ibule ,s*ool1 :]e 9 ! pa/ we h be5 play+ 9 ! op5 m>ket compet+ = ! desir$ help4 ,we are satisfi$ t if ! l>g] corporations & manufactur]s 7 to in/all a ,ve/ibule sy/em 9 _! factory t )9 ! next six mon?s ! sev]e competition = skill$ me*anics w\ld be practically elim9at$1 & production w\ld be increas$ consid]ably4 7,sign$7 ,f4 ,b4 ,,h>nelly1 ,works ,manag]4 ,,royal ,,typewrit] ,,co4 ,h>t=d1 ,conn4 ,,report ,,( ,,tra9+ ,,s*ool ,,= ,,july1 #aiah ,total entries s9ce ,july #a #ajj ,total numb] ( op]ations taught #ah ,total numb] ( p]man5t in/ructors #f ,in/ructors f o!r dep>tm5ts #e ,total numb] transf]r$ to o!r dep>tm5ts #gc ,total numb] left factory f s*ool #ac ,total numb] 9 s*ool ,augu/ #a1 #aiah #ad ,,names ,,( ,,op]ations ,,taught ,,9 ,,tra9+ ,,s*ool ,mill+ ,heavy ,p[] ,press ,copp] ,b> ,gr9d+ ,brackets to ,base ,assembly ,l9k+ ,fir/ ,c>riage ,build+ ,assembly ,inspection ( ,base ,assembly ,drill+ ,light ,p[] ,press ,small ,p>ts to ,base ,assembly ,%ift ,arms & ,bottom ,rails to ,base ,fitt+ ,keyc>d ,assembly ,second ,c>riage ,build+ ,assembly ,rivet+ 7ma*9e7 ,retapp+ ,type ,sold]+ ,,g5]al ,all /ud5ts b ?ree are wom51 rang+ f fifte5 to fifty-sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,int5sifi$ tra9+1 spe$ & accuracy1 physical & m5tal condition ( employees1 prop] m5tal attitude to company4 ,a matron has be5 appo9t$ :o comes 9 contact ) ! wom5 & is responsible = _! deportm5t & p]sonal ne$s4 7,sign$7 ,,*as4 ,b4 ,,cook1 ,vice-,presid5t4 ,,c9c9nati ,,mill+ ,,ma*9e ,,co4 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio ,we put ! new employee into a dep>tm5t & assign him or h] to a ma*9e 9 *>ge ( a skill$ op]ator4 ,! new employee becomes at once an obs]v] & a help]1 & 9 a little :ile takes *>ge ( ! ma*9e & ! skill$ op]ator /&s by & gives special in/ructions4 ,we h detail in/ruction c>ds or process %eets = all op]ations1 & "o ( ^! c>ds 9 ! h&s ( ! new op]ator w s]ve z a guide = turn+ out ! "w prop]ly aft] ! in/ructor leaves ! new employee to himself or h]self4 ,9 addition to ?is we h c]ta9 select$ eng9e]s f ! ,"t ,/udy ,dep>tm5t1 :o are atta*$ to bo? ! day & night %ifts1 & devote _! entire "t to coa*+ ! new op]ators1 & see to x t !y le>n to acquire ! desir$ degree ( skill & pr(ici5cy4 ,we f9d t ! wom5 :o are select$ = ?is sort ( "w j ab\t equal ! m54 ,!y %[ consid]able en?usiasm = ! "w1 z is indicat$ by a less degree ( lat5ess & abs5teeism ?an t ( ! m51 b we h n _h en\gh exp]i5ce z yet to say any?+ def9ite 9 ?is reg>d4 ,x is also p]haps true t we are tak+ great] pa9s in/ruct+ ! wom5 ?an we w\ld 9 ! ord9>y c\rse take 9 in/ruct+ gre5 m54 7,sign$7 ,,*>les ,s4 ,,g+ri*4 ,,! ,,/&>d ,,p>ts ,,co4 ,clevel&1 ,ohio ,ea* individual dep>tm5t at ! />t ( ! ye> _h its own tra9+ division1 t is1 :ile we _h ! ord]s we lack$ a good _m ( ! ma*9es necess>y to d our "w & ! prop] tool equipm5t to />t )4 ,we also requir$ ! s]vices ( eight hundr$ additional p4 ,we tra9$ absolutely unskill$ m5 & wom5 dur+ ?is slack p]iod1 s t :5 we />t$ 9 quantity production we _h also obta9$ spe$4 ,an item t might be ( int]e/ to y is ! fact t we are n[ employ+ wom5 9 ,drill ,presses1 ,mill+ ,ma*9es1 ,h& & ,automatic ,screw ,ma*9es1 ,turret ,la!s1 ,spe$ ,la!s1 ,eng9e ,la!s1 ,assembly ,"w & ,inspection ,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,automatic ,mill+ ,ma*9e--,/&>d ,p>ts ,company4 ,^! wom5 & ! majority ( ! unskill$ m5 :om we employ$ are do+ "w 9 mo/ cases :]e dim5sions are held to "o-half ?\s&? ( an in* limit v>iation4 ,9 a plant employ+ excess ( five ?\s& p am absolutely conv9c$ t a sep>ate ve/ibule tra9+ s*ool is a necessity1 & 9 plants already produc+ "w 9 l>ge quantities !re is liable to be a heavy dem& = tra9$ skill$ work]s1 a sep>ate tra9+ s*ool w\ld be necess>y4 ,h[ev]1 :]e ! numb] ( work]s ne$$ d n exce$ t5 p on an individual op]ation tra9+ on ma*9es 9 ! dep>tm5t w\ld be suffici5t4 ,augu/ #g1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,j4 ,a4 ,,ro!nb]g1 ,employm5t ,manag]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a skill$ work] on ,automatic ,turret ,la!--,/&>d ,p>ts ,company4 ,,! ,,yale ,,t[ne ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,/am=d1 ,conn4 ,we h _h 9 op]ation = ov] a ye> a ve/ibule s*ool = ! tra9+ ( wom5 employees 9 our plant1 & are obta9+ good results f x4 ,we are tra9+ ! wom5 mo/ly = b5* & ma*9e "w :i* 0 =m]ly done by m51 su* z3 ,lock assembl+2 drill press "w1 :i* 0 =m]ly consid]$ inappropriate = wom5 employees2 h& screw ma*9e & automatic screw ma*9e op]ators4 ,we are also tra9+ female help on la! & %ap] "w4 ,we plan to d ! same ?+ on mill+ ma*9es & expect ev5tually to include tool room "w4 ,our ve/ibule s*ool activities include ! tra9+ ( male f\ndry work]s1 & ! tra9+ bo? ( m5 & wom5 to become in/ructors & ma*9e adju/]s4 ,we also h an ,appr5tice%ip ,s*ool4 ,augu/ #ac1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,,! ,,yale ,,t[ne ,,mfg4 ,,co41 ,j4 ,a4 ,,horn]1 ,vice-,presid5t4 ,,ill9ois ,,tool ,,works #aed ,e4 ,erie ,/reet1 ,*icago ,we are plann+ to h ?is s*ool 9 op]ation )9 ! next mon?4 ,! writ] expects to be responsible = ! results4 ,we expect to take "o good man f our own plant z an in/ructor1 & we are also 9 communication ) an in/ructor f a college 9 a ,we/]n ,/ate :om we may h 9 direct *>ge ( ?is "w %\ld he prove to be ! prop] p]son4 ,at ! pres5t "t we h 9 our factory ab\t #ge female employees1 on ,la!s1 ,mill+ ,ma*9es1 ,gr9d]s1 ,f9i%+ ,gauges1 ,lapp+1 etc41 also inspectors1 timekeep]s & /ock *as]s4 ,s9ce y\r la/ visit we h employ$ a tra9$ nurse :o is 9 *>ge ( ! employm5t & welf>e "w ( all wom5 employ$ 9 ! factory4 ,?is we h f\nd has giv5 u mu* bett] results & c tru?fully say t ) v few exceptions1 e girl employ$ is c]ta9ly mak+ good4 ,we h "o in/ance :]e a man employ$ 9 ! screw ma*9e dep>tm5t1 employ$ 9 t capacity = ab\t a ye>1 0 hav+ tr\ble 9 n produc+ on 8 ma*9e4 ,we _h him ex*ange ma*9es ) a woman :o _h _h a mon?'s exp]i5ce & f\nd t %e practically d\bl$ 8 output ! fir/ day4 7,sign$7 ,j4 ,d4 ,,%]man1 ,factory ,manag]4 ,augu/ #e1 #aiah4 ,,gleason ,,works ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,:5 y came to ,ro*e/] we 7 v mu* impress$ ) ! sugge/ions y made z to ! introduction ( wom5 into indu/ry4 ,we s5t two repres5tatives toge!r ) o!rs f ,ro*e/] to ,dayton1 z y advis$1 to inve/igate ! conditions !re & also 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,! excell5t arrangem5ts made by ! ,c9c9nati manufactur]s to relieve ! %ortage ( labor by plac+ wom5 at "w 9 ma*9e %ops & else:]e 7 extremely int]e/+4 ,aft] le>n+ :at _h be5 done we />t$ us+ wom5 9 our ma*9e %op 9 l9e ) y\r idea & ! results h be5 v satisfactory4 99 99 99 ,x is n a "q ( economy ) u b ( releas+ m5 = o!r "w 9 ! f\ndry :i* wom5 _c p]=m4 ,we believe t an int5sive tra9+ ( two weeks w\ld enable wom5 to turn out practically z mu* "w z m5 are n[ do+4 ,augu/ #e1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,,james ,e4 ,,gleason4 ,,diamond ,,*a9 ,,& ,,manufactur+ ,,company ,indianapolis1 ,indiana ,i am sure t y w be int]e/$ 9 kn[+ t we h already und]tak5 ?is "w4 ,= "s weeks we h _h a s*ool go+ on = ! tra9+ ( screw ma*9e op]ators ) e success4 ,we also h "h a man :o is giv+ detail$ att5tion to ! p]sonnel 9 connection ) our h>d5+ & cyanide "w4 ,he is talk+ to ^! m5 individually & 9 small gr\ps1 ?us in/ill+ into !m ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( heat treatm5t1 :i* is mak+ a m>k$ impress on ! "* ( our product4 ,we are also hav+ a detail$ /udy ( ! op]ations n[ be+ done by wom5 ) ! idea 9 m9d to sub/itute wom5 :]e possible :5 x becomes necess>y & we h "h two wom5 /udy+ our op]ations prep>atory to giv+ in/ructions to wom5 z to h[ to p]=m ! op]ations t m5 are n[ do+4 ,july #be1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,l4 ,w4 ,,wallace4 ,,h5ry ,,dis/on ,,sons ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,we h e/abli%$ a s*ool = vocational tra9+1 appo9t+ an in/ructor 9 ea* dep>tm5t :o takes direct *>ge ( ea* new employee4 ,?r\gh ?is sy/em we h plac$ _m wom5 on "w :i* 0 entirely op]at$ by m5 h]et(ore4 ,"o ( ! delicate situations confront+ u at ?is "t is ! transf]r+ ( help f "o dep>tm5t to ano!r4 ,we are appeal+ to _! patriotism & h e/abli%$ a ,dis/on ,volunte] ,transf] ,sy/em--,indu/rial ,soldi]s ,volunte]+ = ,heavi] ,"w1 ,fill+ ,jobs ,:]e ,wom5 ,_c4 ,we are v mu* int]e/$ 9 ?is "w & are mak+ e endeavor to elim9ate ! labor turnov] :i* we are all exp]i5c+ 9 ^! times4 ,we h wom5 op]at+ mill+ ma*9es1 drill presses1 em]y gr9d+ ma*9es1 file h>d5+1 saw sett+ & fil+ ma*9es1 also p[] pun*+ presses1 all "w nev] attempt$ by wom5 9 our factory be=e4 ,! result has be5 m ?an satisfactory4 ,augu/ #g1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,,wm4 ,d4 ,,dis/on1 ,vice-,presid5t4 ,,! ,,graton ,,knight ,,manufactur+ ,,company ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,we d n ma9ta9 a regul> sep>ate s*ool = tra9+ ! employees on our bus9ess because ( ! fact t we h su* a l>ge v>iety ( trades t x w\ld n be practical = u4 ,we d1 h[ev]1 ma9ta9 a tra9+ sy/em = ! employees 9 our v>i\s dep>tm5ts & h m5 assign$ = su* "w 9 ! dep>tm5ts4 ,:5 we h a l>ge numb] ( employees to tra9 9 "s "o l9e ( "w we e/abli% a sep>ate organization = !m ) a view to tra9+ !m to c>ry on v effici5tly & become skill$ employees z soon z possible4 ,augu/ #g1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,f4 ,h4 ,,will>d1 ,assi/ant ,g5]al ,manag]4 ,,! ,,sp>ks-,,)+ton ,,company ,jackson1 ,mi*4 ,we are v glad to be able to /ate t we are op]at+ a s*ool especially = wom5 to tra9 !m = toolmak+4 ,we h f\nd t !re is n a suffici5t numb] ( exp]i5c$ toolmak]s to meet ! dem& & ! only way is to h ! wom5 help out1 & we h a s*ool = ?is purpose1 also h be5 tea*+ !m to op]ate production ma*9es4 ,july #ca1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,w4 ,j4 ,,corbett1 ,assi/ant ,manag]4 ,,locomobile ,,company ,,( ,,am]ica ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,! writ] 0 9 ,detroit a few weeks ago & 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 ! "w be+ done by ,pack>d & ,l9coln ) wom5 t 7 tra9$ 9 _! s*ools4 ,we are confid5t t mu* good w result f ! co-op]ative plan t y h adopt$ 9 develop+ op]ators4 ,we wi% to be consid]$ among ^? :o approve ( ?is plan & we w arrange = a ,ve/ibule ,s*ool or ,tra9+ ,room z soon z we c d s4 ,we h be5 tra9+ "y m5 & boys f our local high s*ool z junior toolmak]s1 ) excell5t results4 ,july #aj1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,h4 ,h4 ,,edge1 ,factory ,manag]4 ,,! ,,timk5 ,,roll] ,,be>+ ,,co4 ,canton1 ,ohio ,we h e/abli%$ a ,tra9+ ,s*ool :i* has be5 9 op]ation = ! pa/ two or ?ree weeks4 ,we d n feel z yet t we want to make any ext5sive comm5ts ^u ! results secur$1 b we believe ! idea is fundam5tally correct1 & hope to h record$ suffici5t data ( int]e/ 9 reg>d to ! s*ool s t we w be 9 a position to answ] any que/ions t may be ask$ u4 7,sign$7 ,,! ,,timk5 ,,roll] ,,be>+ ,,co41 ,f4 ,t4 ,,mackay1 ,employm5t ,manag]4 ,july #ah1 #aiah4 ,,c>lton ,,ma*9e ,,tool ,,company ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio ,= y\r in=mation we wi% to advise t we h />t$ a tra9+ s*ool = girls 9 our plant1 & we f9d t x is work+ v satisfactorily & we expect to h 9 ! future #ej to #ge p] c5t4 ( our "w complet$ by girls4 ,! writ] has not$ y\r talks & writ+s on ?is subject & is try+ to foll[ out y\r ideas z ne> z possible4 ,augu/ #i1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,,jack ,c4 ,,c>lton4 ,,! ,,willys-,,morr[ ,,company1 ,,inc4 ,elmira1 ,n4 ,y4 ,we h ab\t tw5ty wom5 le>n+ h[ to run automatic screw+ ma*9es4 ,^! wom5 h be5 gr9d+ _! own tools4 ,augu/ #g1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,j4 ,e4 ,,morr[1 ,secret>y & ,g5]al ,manag] ( ,production4 ,,crompton ,,kn[les ,,loom ,,works ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,our tra9+ s*ool is work+ v satisfactorily1 & we are only sorry t we did n />t two ye>s soon]4 ,july #ac1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,h4 ,l4 ,,rob9son1 ,employm5t ,s]vice ,dep>tm5t4 ,,! ,,lodge ,,%ipley ,,ma*9e ,,tool ,,co4 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio ,9 ! ,tool ,room we are us+ m5 t are skill$ 9 "o class ( "w on "o type ( ma*9e = ! majority ( our tool room "w4 ,augu/ #b1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,,joseph ,t4 ,,wright1 ,assi/ant ,works ,manag]4 ,,! ,,/5otype ,,company ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,we expect v %ortly to h our tra9+ s*ool 9 op]ation4 ,we are ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( ! advisability ( e/abli%+ su* a s*ool4 ,augu/ #af1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,r4 ,m4 ,,b[51 ,*airman1 ,bo>d ( ,directors4 ,,int]e/+ ,,p>agraphs ,says ,mr4 ,e4 ,g4 ,all51 ! able ,director ( ! ,cass ,te*nical ,trade ,s*ool1 ,detroit3 8,we h tak5 high grade ma*9i/s 9 ,detroit :o h be5 9 ! %ops = a c\ple ( ye>s & 7 famili> ) ! use ( draw+s1 decimal equival5ts1 etc41 & made tool room ma*9e op]ators do+ "w ( consid]able v>iety1 ea* on a s+le type ma*9e1 almo/ imm$iately4 ,9 ?ree or f\r mon?s1 by cont9u+ to wat* & in/ruct su* a man1 he has be5 able to run almo/ any ma*9e & d on x almo/ any "w laid out by ! toolmak]40 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is w> is go+ to la/ ye>s4 ,ev5 ?ree or f\r mon?s1 :i* seems a long "t1 w pass l a day4 ,are "s ( u n almo/ grossly c>eless 9 n gett+ at ?is imm$iately8 ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,pi]son1 ,dilution ,(fic] ( ! ,briti% ,m9i/ry ( ,munitions 9 ! ,london ,di/rict1 says3 8,y c make a toolroom op]ator ( a woman 9 ?ree weeks4 ,if y c't d x 9 ?ree weeks1 y c't d x at all4 ,y h simply gott5 ! wrong woman4 ,pick out a long f+]$1 s5sitive1 intellig5t woman f ! %op =ce :o has be5 c>efully tra9$ & is especially satisfactory & exact 9 h] production & upgrade h] 9 ?is way40 99 99 99 99 99 8,?is (fice has made an exhau/ive /udy ( ! ve/ibule tra9+ me?ods & results ( ! ,section on ,indu/rial ,tra9+1 ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,national ,def5se1 & believes t ?is g5]al imm$iate adoption is absolutely ess5tial to meet ! increas$ w> program & _c be too quickly or ext5sively adopt$ & %\ld h ! imm$iate & fulle/ support ( all :o are *>g$ ) production matt]s4 ,! %ortage ( skill$ labor to-day is alone two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& & we are advis$ w be "o million by ,janu>y #a4 ,?is (fice is putt+ x into =ce & effect j z promptly & z actively z we "k h[40 ,augu/ #h1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,,john ,c4 ,,jones1 ,*ief ( ,ordnance1 ,philadelphia ,di/rict1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 8,i am confid5t t any community by e/abli%+ a prop] s*ool connect$ ) ! indu/ries may become a great factor 9 ! progress ( ! community's indu/ries4 8,we f9d y\r bullet9s v useful4 ,y are s5d+ out a _w ( in=mation :i* education ought to receive4 ,?is w> ought to %[ u ! way 9 our s*ools & give u a *ance to connect up ! educational wagon ) life40 ,augu/ #aj1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,,augu/us ,o4 ,,?omas1 ,/ate ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools1 ,augu/a1 ,ma9e4 99 99 99 99 99 8,we are mak+ plans to introduce tra9+ s*ools into all ,ordnance ,manufactur]s' plants 9 ?is di/rict4 ,we w endeavor to make sure t repres5tatives ( all ! ,ordnance plants 9 ?is neighborhood he> y & "w out f ! en?usiasm :i* no d\bt y\r exposition w create40 ,aug4 #aj1 #aiah4 7,sign$7 ,b4 ,a4 ,,frankl91 ,major1 ,ord4 ,r4 ,c4 ,bridgeport ,di/rict1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ firms 9 ,worce/]1 ,mass41 are us+ ! ve/ibule pr9ciple 9 special ef=ts at tra9+ unskill$ m5 9 _! %ops3 ,! ,heald ,ma*9e ,company1 ,bradley ,c> ,works1 ,re$ ,pr5tice ,company1 ,sleep] ,h>tley1 ,inc41 ,rice1 ,b>ton ,fales4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 a l>ge factory mak+ p[] ma*9es ! m5 f "o dep>tm5t ?reat5$ to /rike because 8! wom5 7 be+ paid high] wages ?an ! m540 ,inve/igation disclos$ t all 7 work+ at ! same piece rates b ! wom5 7 produc+ m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a memb] ( a ,briti% ,commission :i* visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates la/ w9t] said3 8,engl& delay$ ! w9n+ ( ! w> two ye>s by delay+ ! introduction ( wom5 "o ye>40 ,,p>tial ,,li/ ,,( ,,ve/ibule ,,s*ools ,,or ,,tra9+ ,,rooms ,,9 ,,factories ,record+ & ,comput+ ,ma*9es ,co41 ,c4 ,u4 ,c>p5t]1 ,c4 ,p41 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 ,curtiss ,a]oplane ,corporation1 ,f4 ,l4 ,glynn1 ,director ( ,tra9+1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,wright-,m>t9 ,aircraft ,corporation1 ,j4 ,f4 ,johnson1 ,director ( ,tra9+1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 & ,long ,isl& ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,nordyke ,m>mon ,co41 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,pack>d ,motor ,c> ,company1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,l9coln ,motor ,company1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,norton ,gr9d+ ,company1 ,john ,c4 ,sp5ce1 ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,,note4--,! above tra9+ rooms are rem>kably effici5t & successful2 !y %\ld be se54 ,by special arrangem5t ! m5 above nam$ are assi/+ 9 ! developm5t ( tra9+ rooms 9 _! vic9ity4 ,write !m :5 ready to act4 ,also ,o4 ,d4 ,evans1 v exp]t 9 tra9+1 ,army ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t1 ,production ,division1 #agaj ,m>ket ,/41 ,philadelphia4 ,gillette ,safety ,razor ,company1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,royal ,typewrit] ,company1 ,h>t=d1 ,conn4 ,scovill ,manufactur+ ,company1 ,wat]bury1 ,conn4 ,rem+ton ,arms ,company1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,bull>d ,eng9e]+ ,company1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,! ,h4 ,e4 ,h>ris ,eng9e]+ ,company1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,trego ,motor ,company1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 ,w9*e/] ,repeat+ ,arms ,company1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 ,taft-,pi]ce ,mfg4 ,co41 ,woonsocket1 ,r4 ,i4 ,br[n ,%>pe ,company1 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 ,crompton ,kn[les ,loom ,works1 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,am]ican ,/eel ,wire ,company1 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,norton ,company1 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,john ,ba? ,company1 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,graton ,knight ,company1 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,blan*>d ,ma*9e ,company1 ,w4 ,w4 ,blackman1 ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,e4 ,w4 ,bliss ,company 7torp$o factory71 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,=d ,in/rum5t ,company1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,pi]ce-,arr[ ,company1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,k+ ,sew+ ,ma*9e ,company1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,new ,york ,airbrake ,company1 ,wat]t[n1 ,n4 ,y4 ,s5eca ,falls ,mfg4 ,company1 ,s5eca ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,savage ,arms ,company1 ,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,h5ry ,dis/on ,sons1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,fayette ,r4 ,plumb1 ,inc41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,hess ,bright ,manufactur+ ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,rob]ts ,filt] ,manufactur+ ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,rem+ton ,arms ,company1 ,eddy/one ,plant1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,naval ,aircraft ,factory1 ,league ,isl&1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,am]ican ,int]national ,%ipbuild+ ,company1 ,hog ,isl&1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,newton ,ma*9e ,tool ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,w>r5 ,web/] ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,l4 ,h4 ,gilm] ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,burke ,electric ,company1 ,erie1 ,pa4 ,be?lehem ,/eel ,company1 ,be?lehem1 ,pa4 ,j4 ,g4 ,brill ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,lan/on ,monotype ,ma*9e ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,le$s ,nor?rup ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,david ,lupton ,sons ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,motors ,company1 ,pott/[n1 ,pa4 ,/&>d ,aircraft ,corporation1 ,elizabe?1 ,n4 ,j4 ,snead ,company ,iron ,works1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,spic] ,mfg4 ,company1 ,pla9field1 ,n4 ,j4 ,int]national ,motors ,company1 ,pla9field1 ,n4 ,j4 ,woodbury ,bag & ,load+ ,company1 ,woodbury1 ,n4 ,j4 ,am]ican ,%ell ,company1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 ,wor?+ton ,pump ,company1 ,h>rison1 ,n4 ,j4 ,neptune ,met] ,company1 ,hobok51 ,n4 ,j4 ,int]national ,arms & ,fuse ,company1 ,bloomfield1 ,n4 ,j4 ,?omas ,a4 ,edison ,corp41 ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 ,g5]al ,electric ,company1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,crock]-,:eel] ,company1 ,amp]e1 ,n4 ,j4 ,subm>9e ,boat ,corp41 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,b>b\r ,flax ,sp9n+ ,company1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 ,am]ican ,tool ,works ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,lodge ,%ipley ,ma*9e ,tool ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,c9c9nati ,mill+ ,ma*9e ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,c9c9nati ,gr9d] ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,c9c9nati ,plan] ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,c9c9nati ,bick=d ,tool ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,oakley ,ma*9e ,tool ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,buckeye ,twi/ ,drill ,company1 ,alliance1 ,ohio4 ,morgan ,eng9e]+ ,company1 ,alliance1 ,ohio4 ,national ,ca% ,regi/] ,company1 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 ,ohm] ,f>e ,regi/] ,company1 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 ,! ,timk5 ,roll] ,be>+ ,company1 ,canton1 ,ohio4 ,joseph ,feiss ,company1 ,may ,?oms51 ,employm5t ,dep>tm5t1 ,clevel&1 ,o4 ,mosl] ,safe ,company1 ,hamilton1 ,ohio4 ,=d ,motor ,company1 ,detroit4 ,long ,manufactur+ ,company1 ,detroit4 ,/udebak] ,corporation1 ,detroit4 ,solvay ,process ,company1 ,detroit4 ,morgan ,wright ,company1 ,detroit4 ,detroit ,/eel ,products ,company1 ,detroit4 ,burr\ghs ,add+ ,ma*9e ,company1 ,detroit4 ,dodge ,bro!rs1 ,detroit4 ,detroit ,lubricator ,company1 ,detroit4 ,timk5 ,detroit ,axle ,company1 ,detroit4 ,haskellite ,mfg4 ,company1 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*4 ,republic ,motor ,truck ,company1 ,alma1 ,mi*4 ,sp>ks-,)+ton ,company1 ,jackson1 ,mi*4 ,ill9ois ,tool ,works1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,union ,special ,ma*9es ,company1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,we/]n ,c>tridge ,company1 ,ea/ ,alton1 ,ill4 ,indep5d5t ,pneumatic ,tool ,company1 ,aurora1 ,ill4 ,diamond ,*a9 ,manufactur+ ,company1 ,l4 ,w4 ,wallace1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,g5]al ,electric ,company1 ,e4 ,h4 ,b>nes1 ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,ind4 ,pawl+ ,h>nis*feg] ,company1 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,,extract ,,prom ,a ,,report ,,by ,,mr4 ,,b5 ,h4 ,,morgan1 ,,exp]t ,,advis] ,,to ,,! ,,dilution ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,munitions ,:5 w> broke out 9 ,augu/1 #aiad1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! day urg$ employ]s to induce _! skill$ z well z unskill$ m5 to jo9 ! colors4 ,no good purpose w be s]v$ 9 my *>act]iz+ 9 suitable t]ms ! unwisdom ( su* a /ep4 ,suffici5t to say t x 0 a long "t lat] be=e ! ,gov]nm5t realiz$ t ?is 0 an ,eng9e]s' w>4 ,! result 0 t ! m5 ) initiative1 education & skill 7 among ! fir/ to lay aside _! tools & jo9 ! colors4 ,?is 0 a /roke ( su* folly t x took ! c\ntry q a long "t to recov] f x4 ,n only _h we lo/ m5 ( bra9 & initiative b also a l>ge proportion ( ! skill = c>ry+ on a w> 9 :i* ma*9]y & munitions 7 a prepond]at+ factor4 ,:5 ! sudd5 call came = an enorm\s increase 9 guns & ammunition ! folly ( ! /ep t _h be5 tak5 0 realiz$ & arrangem5ts 7 made to effect ! return ( a numb] ( skill$ m5 f ! colors4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 difficult to c>ry out1 & on top ( x came ! realization t if e skill$ man 7 return$ we _h n suffici5t to produce ! munitions ess5tial to success4 ,x 0 9 ^! circum/ances t ! pres5t ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george1 !n ,m9i/] ( ,munitions1 laid d[n ! pr9ciple t no man mu/ p]=m any "w t c\ld be effici5tly p]=m$ by wom54 ,he =esaw t e man w\ld be requir$ = ess5tially man's "w4 ,?is involv$ ! process :i* has become kn[n z ! ,dilution ( ,labor4 ,?is dilution implies t3 7#a7 ,! employm5t ( skill$ m5 %\ld be conf9$ to "w :i* _c be effici5tly p]=m$ by less skill$ labor or by wom54 7#b7 ,semi-skill$ & unskill$ m5 %\ld be employ$ on any "w :i* does n necessitate ! employm5t ( skill$ m5 & = :i* wom5 are unsuitable4 7#c7 ,wom5 %\ld be employ$ z f> z practicable on all classes ( "w = :i* !y are suitable4 ,?is1 at fir/ sight1 seems a simple arrangem5t1 b ,i ne$ n tell y t x is a complicat$ "o & involves exp5diture ( "t1 pati5ce & money on ! "p ( ! employ]s & sympa!tic co-op]ation on ! "p ( ! skill$ employees4 ,wom5 h to receive c>eful tra9+1 int]v5+ h&s 9 ! processes ( production h to be upgrad$ & ! skill 9 ! factory has to be spread ov] a l>ge area1 usually necessitat+ m sup]vision & c>e if equal results are to be obta9$4 ,^! are av]age conditions1 b 9 a l>ge numb] ( cases ! *anges due to ! introduction ( wom5 h result$ 9 consid]ably increas$ outputs ov] m5's records1 & ?is n only on light repetition "w1 b on heavy turn+ & labor+ "w & skill$ & semi-skill$ non-repetition "w4 ,! patriotism %[n by ! employ]s 9 meet+ ! num]\s difficulties :i* confront$ !m 9 tra9+ wom5 = e conceivable k9d ( "w1 9 reorganiz+ _! factories = new productions by new labor1 adapt+ _! ma*9]y to ! measure ( skill & /r5g? available to "w !m has be5 "o ( ! mo/ inspirit+ exp]i5ces ( ! w>4 ,wom5 h be5 tra9$ 9 an incr$ibly %ort "t1 h&l+ appliances ( all k9ds h be5 in/all$1 special tools & gauges h _h to be made & (t5 :5 a "w has be5 set fairly go+ & 0 rea*+ full production1 a *ange 9 ! c\ntry's ne$s = munitions compell$ ! ,m9i/ry to alt] a design or a size or to put a firm on to a completely new product1 & aga9 ! :ole process ( reta9+ employees & adapt+ tools & plant _h to be gone ?r\gh4 ,if ! employ] has done well = ! c\ntry1 s1 on ! o!r h&1 no f9] example ( patriotism has be5 %[n by any class ?an by ! artisan z a :ole4 ,on an appeal be+ made to ! ,trades ,unions soon aft] ! outbreak ( ! w> ^! ,unions )\t a s+le exception agre$ to d :at ! national int]e/s requir$4 ,a network ( ,trades ,union rules & regulations1 usages & cu/oms1 ! result ( _m ye>s ( activity by organiz$ labor1 7 freely set aside to all[ = ! introduction ( wom5 9 ne>ly e class ( "w1 subject to reasonable conditions4 ,:atev] "s employ]s may ?9k ?is 0 a gigantic sacrifice to make4 ,x involv$ wages1 h\rs1 ov]time1 night "w1 ,sunday "w1 meal times1 holidays1 %op regulations & dem>cation arrangem5ts1 re/riction ( output1 prep>ations ( appr5tices & classes ( employees to be engag$1 etc41 etc4 ,?is /ructure ( ,trade ,unionism ! work+man agre$ %\ld be swept away to all[ ( ! production ( ! maximum am\nt ( munitions by ! readie/ me?ods & by any "* ( labor t 0 available--male or female--on ! condition t ! /ructure %\ld be replac$ at ! close ( ! w>4 ,?is is spl5did patriotism & :5 y add to ! sacrifice ( ,trades ,union ,rules ! burd51 su* z has fall5 pr9cipally on ! ,trades ,union m51 ( tra9+ ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( wom5 to d _! "w1 ?is mu/ increase our debt ( appreciation & gratitude4 ,x is only by ! loyal co-op]ation ( employ] & employ$ t we are 9 ! satisfactory position z reg>ds munitions t we are to-day4 ,by ! process ( dilution we h be5 able to place 9 munition works ab\t #iej1jjj wom5 to d "w f ! heavie/ labor+ unskill$ op]ation to ! highe/ grade ( toolroom non-repetition "w4 ,i d n hesitate to say t wom5 h entirely de/roy$ our pre-w> ideas z to :at con/itutes 8skill$0 "w4 ,:5 9 ! e>ly days ( ! w> wom5 7 tra9$ to turn out #ah pdr4 ,h4 ,e4 %ell & equal ! production ( male labor _m ?\ght t su* "w1 am\nt+ z x does to little m ?an manipulative dext]ity1 0 ab\t ! limit ( ! capacity ( wom5 :o _h n receiv$ a regul> c\rse ( ,eng9e]+ tra9+4 ,aft] a few mon?s' work%op exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 wom5 are to-day build+ ! great] "p ( "o ( ! be/ ,high-,spe$ ,eng9es 9 ! c\ntry1 ea* woman sett+ h] own tools & "w1 & able to ma*9e any piece ( "w t ! tool %e is on w take4 ,wom5 are build+ guns1 includ+ ! f9e fitt+ "w on ! bree* me*anism1 & ! cutt+ ( l>ge screw ?reads up to a %\ld]4 ,!y are do+ mo/ ( ! "w 9 "s %ops on ?ree & "o-half ton ,army ,lorries & w d practically ! :ole ( x if ! w> la/s mu* long]1 includ+ *assis erection & te/+4 ,!y are do+ important "w 9 m>9e eng9e build+1 turn+ connect+ rods1 propell] %aft l9]s & do+ practically all 9 "s cases ( ! m>k$-(f drill+4 ,! ,a]o ,eng9e1 z y well "k1 is a v f9e piece ( me*anism & at ! outset 0 consid]$ a tool room job ?r\gh\t4 ,9 "s %ops wom5 are to-day do+ ! great] "p ( ! "w turn+ on ,c5tre ,la!s to half a ?\s&?1 mill+ webs ( ,cl]get ,cyl9d]s on a book] ,mill] )\t /ops & sett+ up _! own jobs & work+ aga9 to half a ?\s&? limit1 bor+ cyl9d]s on a ,no4 #i ,h]b]t & simil> "w on a ,gi%let1 sett+ up _! own jobs1 turn+ & f9i%+ te/ pieces 9 v>i\s metals to a #e1jjj?2 mak+ tools & gauges ( all k9ds to f9e limits2 all v>ieties ( b5* fitt+ to draw+s & m>k+-(f "w ( e description4 ,locomotive "w1 /eel con/ructional "w1 boil]s1 b5d+1 drill+ & rivet+4 ,wom5 are do+ magnific5t "w bo? 9 reg>d to accuracy & output4 ,on %ells ( all nature wom5 %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be pr9cipally employ$4 ,contracts = %ell w only be r5ew$ & cont9u$ aft] ,m>* #ca/ next 7#aiag7 ) ^? firms :o employ #hj p] c5t4 ( female labor on %ell ( sizes f #b4ge0 to #d4e0 inclusive4 ,on l>g] sizes ( %ell1 contracts w only be r5ew$ if ! ,m9i/ry ( ,munitions' in/ructions 9 reg>d to dilution h be5 c>ri$ out1 n only 9 reg>d to ! proportion ( wom5 to be employ$ 9 ea* factory b ! proportions ( semi-skill$ m54 8,! employ] & employee h a mutual--n id5tical--int]e/ 9 procur+ ! l>ge/ possible production f a giv5 am\nt ( labor40--,hon4 ,wm4 ,b4 ,wilson1 ,secret>y ( ,labor4 7,address be=e ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce ( ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 ,septemb] #bj1 #aiag47 8,! factory1 l ! tr5*1 is a po/ ( combat4 ,! duty is n to ab&on x be=e ! enemy4 ,my complim5ts to y\r ,union = hav+ und]/ood x s well40--,m>%al ,fo*4 7,cablegram ,augu/ #ab? to ! ,int]national ,typographical ,union1 9 conv5tion at ,scranton1 ,pa47 ,transcrib]'s ,notes pg #aj ,*ang$3 ,! slot %[n mu/ be absolutey to3 ,! slot %[n mu/ be absolutely pg #fa ,*ang$3 ,illionis ,tool ,works1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 to3 ,ill9ois ,tool ,works1 ,*icago1 ,ill4