,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,a ,,useful ,,discov]y ,,to ,di/ill d\ble ! usual ,quantity ( ,sea-,wat]1 by bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?r\gh ! ,di/ill+ ,liquor3 ,,& ,an ,acc\nt ( ! great ,b5efit ( ,v5tilators 9 _m ,in/ances1 9 pres]v+ ! ,heal? & ,lives ( ,p1 9 ,slave & o!r ,transport ,%ips1 :i* 7 read be=e ! ,royal ,society4 ,,also ,an ,acc\nt ( ! good ,effect ( bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?r\gh ,milk1 !reby to cure ! ill ,ta/e :i* is occasion$ by "s ,k9ds ( ,food ( ,c[s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ,,/eph5 ,,hales1 ,d4,d4,f4,r4,s4 ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is1 ,,& ,cl]k ( ! ,closet to ,h] ,royal ,highness ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,second ,edition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) an ,,app5dix2 ,9 :i* is an ,acc\nt ( "s f>!r consid]able ,improvem5ts made 9 ! ,me?od ( procur+ ,pl5ty ( ,fre%-,wat] at ,sea1 viz4 ?ree ,p>ts 9 f\r m ?an 9 ! common ,me?ods ( ,di/ill+3 ,also a f>!r ,acc\nt ( m ,in/ances & ,pro(s ( ! good ,effect ( ,v5tilators 9 ,%ips3 ,z also ( ! cur+1 9 a few ,m9utes1 ! ill ,ta/e ( ,turnip ,milk1 & ( mu/y ,liquors4 ,also1 ) great ,ease1 pres5tly to make ,cream or ,milk ,sillabubs1 viz4 by bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?r\gh !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ = ,ri*>d ,manby1 9 ! ,old-,bailey1 ne> ,ludgate-,hill4 ,m4,,dcc4,,lvi4 ,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,great ,b5efit ( bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,fre% ,air up ?ro' ,di/ill+ ,liquors4 #a4 ,! great ,importance ( hav+ a suffici5t ,supply ( fre% ,wat] 9 ,%ips1 has be5 ! ,occasion ( _m laudable ,attempts to make ,sea-wat] fre% & :olsome2 b all ! ,attempts & ,discov]ies hi!rto made1 h lab\r$ "u ?is great & mat]ial ,objection1 viz4 ! great ,quantity ( ,fuel t 0 necess>y to di/ill1 ) a sl[ ,progress1 a small ,quantity ( ,wat]1 by any ,me?ods ( ,di/illation hi!rto kn[n4 ,b ,i h lately happily1 mo/ unexpect$ly1 discov]$ an easy & effectual ,me?od to di/ill great ,quantities ( ,wat] ) little ,fuel2 :i* ,i 0 l$ to by ! foll[+ ,incid5ts1 viz4 ,mr4 ,%ipley1 ,secret>y ( our ,society1 = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,arts1 ,manufactures & ,comm]ce1 br\ght me acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,william ,baily ( ,salisbury-,c\rt1 ! ,au?or ( _m +5i\s ,contrivances2 :o %ew$ me1 9 a small ,model ( a ,t9 ,vessel1 a ,me?od1 by :i* he has happily increas$ ! ,=ce ( ! ,eng9e to raise ,wat] by ,fire1 viz4 by lift+ up "s ( ! boil+ ,wat]1 at e ,/roke1 by means ( a conical ,vessel1 ) small ,holes 9 x1 full ( ,t[2 :]eby ! ,quantity ( ! asc5d+ ,/eam or ,wreak 0 consid]ably increas$4 ,?is l$ me to ?9k1 t a great] ,quantity ( ,liquor might also by ?is ,means be di/ill$2 b on ,trial ,i f\nd ! ,increase to be only "o twelf? ,"p1 ?o' consid]able 9 ! exp&$ ,=m ( a ,/eam4 ,h5ce ,i 0 l$ to try :at w\ld be ! ,effect ( caus+ an incessant ,%[] ( ,air to asc5d ?ro' ! boil+ ,liquor 9 a ,/ill2 & ?is1 to my ,surprise1 ,i f\nd on ,trial to be v consid]able4 ,!re 0 ano!r ,circum/ance also1 :i* probably conduc$ to lead my ,m9d to ?is ,?\ght1 viz4 ,ab\t six ,mon?s be=e1 ,mr4 ,littlewood1 a ,%ipwright at ,*a?am1 came !nce purposely to communicate to me an +5i\s ,contrivance ( 81 soon to sweet5 /9k+ ,wat]1 by bl[+ a ,%[] ( fre% ,air ?ro' a ,t9 ,pipe full ( small ,holes1 lay$ at ! ,bottom ( ! ,wat]4 ,by ?is means1 he told me1 he _h sweet5$ ! /9k+ ,bilge ,wat] 9 ! ,well ( "s ,%ips2 & also a ,b ( /9k+ ,wat] 9 an ,h\r1 9 ! same mann] z ,i blew ,air up ?ro' ,corn & ,gunp[d]1 z m5tion$ 9 ! ,book on ,v5tilators4 #b4 ,! ,me?od1 :i* ,i us$ to bl[ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?ro' ! di/ill+ ,wat]1 0 by means ( a flat r\nd ,t9 ,box1 six ,in*es ,diamet]1 & an ,in* & half deep2 :i* is plac$ at ! ,bottom ( ! ,/ill1 on f\r ,knobs or ,feet half ,in* high1 to make room = ! ,liquor to spread ov] ! :ole ,bottom ( ! ,/ill1 t ! ,heat ( ! ,fire may come at x4 ,9 l>g] ,/ills ?is ,box mu/ be proportionably l>g]1 & h high] ,feet4 ,& :]eas ! ,m\? ( ! ,/ill is too n>r[1 = ! ,t9 ,box to ent]1 :i* ,box ought to be )9 two ,in*es z wide z ! ,bottom ( ! ,/ill2 !re=e ! ,box may be divid$ into two ,p>ts1 ) a ,h+e at "o ,edge or ,side1 & a ,clasp at ! o!r1 to fix x toge!r1 :5 9 ! ,/ill4 ,?is ,box mu/ be ( ,copp] = di/ill+ ,sea-wat]2 m9e 0 made ( ,t9 = o!r ,liquors also4 ,! ,air-pipe1 :i* passes ?ro' ! ,head ( ! ,/ill1 w help to keep ! ,air-box f mov+ to & fro by ! ,motion ( ! ,%ip2 or1 if t %\ld n be f\nd suffici5t1 #c or #d small ,/ruts may be fix$ to ! ,sides ( ! ,air-box4 ,!y mu/ rea* to ! ,sides ( ! ,/ill4 ,! ,cov] & ,sides ( ! ,air-box 7 pun*$ full ( v small ,holes1 "o-f\r? ,in* di/ant f ea* o!r1 & ab\t ! tw5tie? "p ( an ,in* 9 ,diamet]4 ,on ! ,middle ( ! ,cov] or ,lid ( ?is ,air-box1 0 fix$ a ,nosil m ?an half ,in* wide1 :i* 0 fitt$ to receive1 to put on1 & take (f ! l[] ,end ( a ,t9 ,pipe1 :i* 0 tw5ty ,in*es long1 & pass$ ?ro' a ,hole 9 ! ,head ( ! ,/ill3 f\r ,in*es ( ! upp] end ( ?is ,pipe 7 b5t to a ,crook1 almo/ at a "r ,angle to ! upright ,/em1 9 ord] !reby to unite ! ,crook to ! wid5$ ,nose ( a ,pair ( ,kit*5 d\ble ,bell[s1 by means ( a %ort ,lea!rn ,pipe ( ,calves-sk94 ,see ,fig4 #a/4 ,?is ,t9 ,air-box1 & _m m ( !m = o!r ,p]sons1 7 made by ,mr4 ,t$way1 ,t9man1 ov]-aga9/ ! ,meuse-,gate1 ,*>+-,cross4 #c4 ,! d\ble ,bell[s 7 b\nd fa/ to a ,frame1 at ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,iron ,nose1 & at ! l[] ,h&le1 9 ord] ! m commodi\sly to "w !m4 ,& t ! upp] ,half ( ! d\ble ,bell[s may duly rise & fall1 9 ord] to cause a con/ant ,/ream ( ,air2 7besides ! usual contract+ spiral ,spr+s )9 side7 sev]al flat ,weights ( ,lead mu/ be lay$ on ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,bell[s1 ne> ! ,h&le1 ) a ,hole 9 _! ,middle1 to fix !m on an upright ,iron ,p9 fa/5$ on ! ,bell[s3 ,t by ?is ,means ! ,weights may ! m commodi\sly be put on or tak5 (f4 ,=1 accord+ to ! diff]5t ,dep?s ( ! ,liquor 9 ! ,/ill1 s w ! ,=ce ( ! includ$ ,air1 aga9/ ! upp] ,bo>d ( ! ,bell[s1 be m or less4 ,?us1 suppos+ ! ,dep? ( ! ,wat] 9 ! ,/ill to be twelve ,in*es2 f ! ,surface ( ! depress$ ,wat] 9 ! ,air-,box2 !n ! ,pressure ( ! includ$ ,air aga9/ ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,bell[s1 w be equal to t ( a ,body ( ,wat] a ,foot deep1 & z broad z ! inn] ,surface ( t ,bo>d4 ,x w1 !re=e1 be requisite1 to add or take (f ,weights1 accord+ to ! diff]5t ,dep?s ( ! ,wat] 9 ! ,/ill1 at diff]5t ,p]iods ( ! same ,di/illation4 ,! ,bell[s mu/ be proportionable to ! ,size ( ! ,/ill1 b ne$ n be v l>ge4 ,:]ev] ! ,/ills are fix$ 9 ,%ips1 ! ,air may be convey$ to !m f ! ,bell[s1 ei!r ?ro' a small lea!rn ,pipe1 di/5d$ ) ,spiral ,coiles ( ,wyre1 or ?ro' ,bamboo ,canes1 or broad small wood5 ,pipes1 l holl[ fi%+ ,rods4 #d4 ,:5 ,i fir/ di/ill$ 9 ?is v5tilat+ ,way1 9 ord] to e/imate1 :at ! ,diff]5ce might be 9 ! ,quantity di/ill$1 by t or ! common ,me?od1 ,i tri$ bo? ,ways1 by receiv+ ! di/ill$ ,liquor into a ,qu>t] ( a ,p9t ,glass1 e/imat+ ! ,times1 by a ,p5dulum beat+ ,seconds4 ,:]e ,i f\nd1 to my ,surprise1 t sometimes ?ree times m 0 di/ill$ by ,v5tilation ?an by ! usual ,way3 ,b f9d+ ,inequalities 9 ! small ,quantities ?us di/ill$1 9 ord] ! m fully & assur$ly to asc]ta9 ! true ,proportion !re 0 9 ! two ,me?ods ( di/ill+1 ,i put ?ree ,gallons ( ,wat] into ! ,/ill2 &1 :5 x boil$1 put on ! ,/ill-head1 & fix$ its ,nose to ! ,worm-tub ,pipe2 :i* ,tub 0 full ( cold ,wat]4 ,:5 x _h di/ill$ = an ,h\r1 ! ,receiv] 0 in/antly tak5 away4 ,& on measur+ ! di/ill$ ,wat]1 f\nd x to be two ,qu>ts & #de cubick ,in*es by a ,glass divid$ into cubick ,in*es4 ,& a ,gallon conta9+ #bhb cubick or solid ,in*es1 ?is ,quantity ( di/ill$ ,wat]1 :i* 0 #ahf cubick ,in*es1 is #a_/a4e ? ,"p ( a ,gallon4 #e4 ,!n1 fill+ ! ,/ill z full ( ,wat] z be=e1 & :5 x began to boil1 fix+ ! ,head to ! ,/ill & ,worm-tub1 :i* 0 full ( cold ,wat]2 !re 0 di/ill$ 9 an ,h\r1 ) con/antly bl[+ ,%[]s ( fre% ,air up ?ro' ! /ill+ ,liquors1 five ,qu>ts1 less by sev5 cubick ,in*es1 :i* is #cde4e?s cubick ,in*es2 t is1 little less ?an ! d\ble ( ! ,quantity t is di/ill$ 9 ! usual ,way4 ,9 sev]al o!r ,di/illations ( a ,qu>t at a ,"t1 ,i f\nd ! ,quantity di/ill$ by ,v5tilation1 to be m ?an ! d\ble ( t 9 ! usual ,way4 ,s t ! ,quantity by ,v5tilation1 may at a ,m$ium be e/imat$ ! d\ble ( ! usual ,di/illation4 ,x is ! well kn[n ,prop]ty ( mov+ ,air1 to c>ry along ) x a consid]able ,quantity ( adjo9+ ,vap\r1 z also ( fall+ ,wat] to c>ry mu* ,air d[n along ) x4 #f4 ,x is to be hop$ !re=e1 t s consid]able an ,increase 9 ! ,quantity di/ill$1 w be ( great ,b5efit to ,navigation1 z x may be done 9 less ,"t & ) less ,fire4 #g4 ,9 ! ,acc\nt ( ,mr4 ,appleby's ,process1 = mak+ ,sea-wat] fre%1 :i* is publi%$ by ,ord] ( ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty 9 ! ,gazette ( ,jan4 #bb1 #aged1 x is said t a ,/ill :i* conta9s #bj ,gallons ( ,wat] w di/ill #fj ,gallons 9 t5 ,h\rs ) little m ?an "o ,bu%el ( ,coals2 & !re=e #abj ,gallons 9 #bj ,h\rs1 ) little m ?an two ,bu%els ( ,coals4 ,& by ,v5tilation #bdj ,gallons1 or a ,tun2 & #bd ,gallons may be di/ill$ 9 tw5ty ,h\rs1 mak+ an ,all[ance = ! times ( heat+ ^? ,/ills full ( cold ,wat]2 & a ,/ill some?+ l>g] & wid]1 w di/ill a ,tun 9 #bd ,h\rs2 :i* w m ?an suffice = a sixty ,gun ,%ip ) #djj ,m51 ^: ,provision ( ,wat] = f\r ,mon?s is ab\t #aaj ,tuns4 ,& l>g] ,%ips may ei!r h proportionably l>g] ,/ills1 or else two ( !m4 ,z = ,m]*ant-,%ips ) few ,m51 a small ,/ill w be suffici5t4 #h4 ,! second siz$ ,/ills conta9 #aj ,gallons1 & w produce #fj ,gallons 9 #bj ,h\rs1 ) half ! above-m5tion$ ,fuel2 & by ,v5tilation #abj ,gallons4 #i4 ,! lea/ ,/ills conta9 five ,gallons1 & w produce #cb ,gallons 9 #bj ,h\rs2 & by ,v5tilation #fd ,gallons 9 #bj ,h\rs4 #aj4 ,i h se5 "s ( ^! ,/ills at ,messrs4 ,/eel & ,/eph5s1 ov]-aga9/ ,m]c]s-,*apel1 9 ,*eapside1 :i* h be5 made = ?is ,purpose4 ,!re are ,holes 9 ! ,feet ( ! ,iron ,frame or ,/ove to skrew !m d[n to ! ,deck4 ,!y 7 fix$ at ! ,=e-ca/le be=e ! ,ma/ 9 ,k+ ,*>les ! ,second's "t1 :5 !y ?\ght !y _h discov]$ ! ,way to di/ill ,sea-wat]1 free f ! noxi\s ,_s ( ,salt1 & f ! nause\s bitt]n ,ta/e4 ,or1 if x be ?\ght prop]1 "o ,"p ( ! ,%ip's ,boil] may be made use (1 by adapt+ a ,/ill-head to x4 #aa4 ,n[ suppos+ a ,/ill to conta9 #be ,gallons1 & t f\r ,p>ts 9 five ( x1 viz4 #bj ,gallons are di/ill$ (f3 !n1 9 ord] to di/ill a ,tun1 or #baj ,gallons1 ! ,/ill mu/ be empti$1 cleans$ & refill$ elev5 times2 & if ! :ole be done 9 #bd ,h\rs1 full #af ( ^? ,h\rs w be tak5 up 9 di/ill+ at ! rate ( a ,gallon 9 ab\t f\r ,m9utes & half2 & ! rema9+ eight ,h\rs ( ! #bd1 be+ divid$ into #aa equal ,p>ts1 !y w be ea* ne> #dd ,m9utes to empty & cleanse ! ,/ill1 to refill x1 & give ! ,sea-wat] a prop] boil+ di/ill+ ,heat3 :e!r ?is c be done 9 s %ort a ,"t1 mu/ be kn[n by ,exp]i5ce1 & ought !re=e fir/ to be tri$ at ,l&4 #ab4 ,doctor ,butl]1 9 8 lately publi%$ ,me?od ( procur+ ,fre% ,wat] at ,sea1 proposes ! p\r+ 9 m ,sea-wat] into ! ,/ill1 ?ro' a ,funnel fix$ 9 a small ,hole 9 ! ,head or ,upp]-"p ( ! ,/ill1 :5 m ?an half ! =m] ,wat] is di/ill$ (f2 by :i* means ! ,wat] 9 ! ,/ill w soon acquire a di/ill+ ,heat2 & ?is to be repeat$ sev]al times2 b !n x w be requisite to add ea* "t m ,*alk1 9 su* ,proportion z %all be f\nd requisite4 ,x w be well to try ?is ,me?od 9 hopes !reby to increase ! ,quantity ( ,wat] t is di/ill$4 ,! ,hole 9 ! ,head1 or ,upp]-"p ( ! ,/ill1 is to be /opp$ ) a small ,plate ( ,copp]1 s fix$ z to turn to & fro ov] ! ,hole4 #ac4 ,doctor ,butl] us$ capital ,soap ,lees1 9 ! ,proportion ( a ,w9e ,qu>t to #ae ,gallons ( ,sea-wat]1 :i* suffic$ = f\r or five times repeat$ ,p\r+s 9 ( m ,sea-wat] into ! ,/ill4 ,b z ,i h f\nd t a small ,quantity ( ,*alk has ! same good ,effect1 & is *eap]1 & m easily to be _h1 x is !re=e pref]able to ,soap ,lees4 #ad4 ,:5 !re is a ,fire 9 ! ,cook-room1 ! ,sea-wat] might be ready heat$ to put into ! ,/ill1 )\t any additional ,exp5ce ( ,fuel1 9 ! foll[+ ,mann]1 :i* ,i %all "h describe2 ?o' ,i ?9k x probable t x w n be put 9 practice2 yet1 z f>!r ,improvem5ts may possibly h]eaft] be made 9 x1 & z x may be ( use 9 "s ,cases1 at ,l& at lea/1 ,i %all "h give an ,acc\nt ( x1 viz4 #ae4 ,ab\t ! ,ye> #agah1 ,mr4 ,s*met\ a ,g]man ,g5tleman1 got a ,pat5t "h = heat+ great ,quantities ( ,wat]1 ) little ,exp5ce ( ,fuel1 :i* he !n %ew$ me4 ,hav+ fix$ a spiral ,iron ,worm-pipe1 9 su* a ,brick ,/ove or ,*imney z ,wom5 heat _! ,irons 91 !reby caus+ ! ,wat] to run f a ,vessel1 ?ro' ! ,worm-pipe1 sev]al ,feet ,l5g? r\nd1 9 ! ,fire4 ,ab\t #cj ,ye>s aft] ,i acqua9t$ ,mr4 ,cramond ( ,twick5ham ) ?is1 z hop+ x might be ( ,b5efit 9 di/ill+ ,sea-wat]4 ,^u :i* he procur$ su* a spiral ,iron ,worm-pipe1 :i* 0 ab\t tw5ty ,feet long1 & six-t5?s ,in* ,diamet]2 ! ,diamet] ( ! spiral ,coile 0 ab\t f\rte5 ,in*es4 #af4 ,?is ,i fix$ 9 a ,brick ,/ove 9 my ,g>d51 ) its upp] ,end fix$ to a ,vessel1 :i* conta9$ #de ,gallons ( ,wat]4 ,i f\nd ! ,ev5t ( ?is fir/ ,trial to be z foll[s1 viz4 ,:5 ! ,wat] run full ,bore1 at ! rate ( a ,gallon 9 #ag ,seconds1 ! ,heat ( ! ,wat] 0 f\nd1 by a m]curial ,!rmomet] held 9 ! ,/ream1 at ! l[] ,end ( ! ,pipe1 to be #hj ,degrees above ! freez+ ,po9t1 #ahj ,degrees be+ ! ,heat ( boil+ ,wat]4 ,:5 by means ( a ,turn-cock1 a ,gallon ( ,wat] 0 two ,m9utes 9 runn+1 !n ! ,heat 0 #adj4 ,at :i* ,rate ! #de ,gallons w\ld be an ,h\r & half 9 runn+ ?ro' ! ,iron-pipe2 at :i* ,rate #be ,gallons w run ?ro' 9 #ej ,m9utes1 ) s consid]able a ,degree ( ,heat2 & if x 0 an ,h\r runn+1 ! ,heat w\ld approa* /ill ne>] to a boil+ ,heat1 :5 fir/ put into ! ,/ill1 :i* w\ld =w>d ! ,di/illation if want$4 #ag4 ,i pump$ ! heat$ ,wat] up aga9 into ! upp] ,vessel2 & ?us cont9u$ to circulate ! heat+ ,wat]1 till its ,heat 0 #afj ,degrees 9 ! upp] ,vessel1 viz4 )9 #bj ,degrees1 or "o-n9? ( boil+1 ! ,heat requisite = pl5tiful ,di/illation4 ,i 0 9 hopes t if ! ,wat] 9 ! upp] ,vessel c\ld h be5 br\ght to a due ,degree ( ,heat1 & a ,/ill-head 7 fix$ on x1 ) its cool+ ,worm-tub1 !n ,wat] might h be5 di/ill$ 9 ,%ips1 by hav+ ! ,iron ,worm-pipe fix$ 9 ! ,*imney ( ! ,cook-room3 ,b ,i f\nd1 t :5 ! ,heat ( ! ,wat] 9 ! upp] ,vessel 0 #afj ,degrees1 viz4 )9 "o-n9? ( boil+2 !n 9 runn+ ?r\gh ! ,iron ,worm-pipe aga91 x 0 s ov]-heat$1 z to exp& 9 ! ,pipe1 into an explosive ,vap\r1 :i* h9d]$ ! runn+ ( ! ,wat]4 ,h[ev] ,i ?\ght x n improp] to give an ,acc\nt ( ?is ,attempt1 not)/&+ x fail$4 ,n kn[+ :e!r ?is ,me?od ( heat+ ,wat]1 may n 9 "s ,cases1 at ,l& at lea/1 be ( use1 !reby to save1 9 "s degree1 bo? ,fuel & ,"t3 ,p]haps an ,iron ,worm-pipe ( a l>g] ,bore might d bett]4 #ah4 ,! ,wa/e ( ,fuel w be less 9 proportion to ! ,quantity di/ill$ 9 l>ge1 ?an 9 small ,/ills2 & ! wid] ! ,/ill-head is1 s mu* ! m ,liquor w be di/ill$1 & m ) a ,worm-tub ?an )\t x4 ,! ,worm-tub may be s cov]$1 z to prev5t ! fl[+ ov] ( ! ,wat] by ! ,motion ( ! ,%ip4 #ai4 ,x is ( great ,importance to take c>e to keep all ,p>ts ( ! ,/ill clean1 t !re may be no ,ru/ or ,v]digrease 9 ! ,copp]1 :i* w occasion ,vomit+4 #bj4 ,if x be necess>y1 ! bett] to close ! ,jo9+ ( ! ,/ill-head1 x may be done ) a ,lute or ,pa/e made ( a ,mixture ( p[d]$ ,*alk & ,meal1 wett$ ) ,salt-wat]4 #ba4 ,n[ t sev]al effectual ,means are discov]$1 to make di/ill$ ,sea-wat] :olsome1 & also to di/ill x 9 mu* great] ,quantity 9 ! same ,/ill1 9 ! same ,"t1 & ) ne>ly ! same ,quantity ( ,fuel2 x is reasonable to believe1 t x w be ( great ,b5efit to ,navigation1 n only 9 sav+ mu* /[age room1 = o!r important ,purposes2 b also 9 procur+ fre% sweet :olsome ,wat]1 in/ead ( /9k+ putrid ,wat]1 hi!rto us$2 :i* mu/ ne$s h a ,t5d5cy to promote t putrid ,di/emp]1 ! ,scurvy4 ,& if )al due ,c>e be tak51 to ex*ange = fre% ,air ! putrid close conf9$ ,air ( ,%ips1 :i* has occasion$ ! ,dea? ( ,millions ( ,mank9d2 !n ,navigation w become rem>kably m heal?y1 & ) little m ,dang] to ,heal? & ,life1 ?an at ,l&1 except f ,/orms4 #bb4 ,n[ suppos+1 t 9 a sixty ,gun ,%ip1 ! #aaj ,tuns ( ,wat]1 = f\r ,mon?s use1 7 di/ill$ at ! ,exp5ce ( ?ree ,bu%els ( ,coals to a ,tun1 ?is w\ld consume n9e ,*aldrons ( ,coals3 ,& z a ,*aldron ( ,coals weighs ab\t a ,tun & half2 h5ce x appe>s t ,coals w di/ill ab\t eight times _! ,quantity ( ,wat]4 ,& ! #aaj ,tuns ( ,wat] weigh+ 7at ! ,rate ( #bbdj ,p\nds to ! ,tun7 #ach ,tuns2 & ! n9e ,*aldrons ( ,coals weigh+ ?irte5 ,tuns & half1 t is #id ,tuns & half less ?an ! #aaj ,tuns ( ,/ore-wat]2 & all[+ tw5ty-f\r ,tuns & half = ! ,/ill1 ,wat]-casks1 & ,coals1 !re w be #gj ,tuns ,weight ( ,/[age sav$ !reby = o!r ,uses4 ,or if "s ,tuns ( ,/ore-wat] are c>ri$ by way ( ,precaution1 :i* x w be advisable to d1 especially at fir/1 till !y c be assur$1 by repeat$ ,exp]i5ce1 :at ,quantity c be dep5d$ ^u by ,di/illation2 ev5 !n ab\t half ! ,tunnage w be sav$1 :i* w be a v mat]ial ,advantage4 #bc4 ,?o' :5 ! di/ill+ ,liquor runs f ! ,bottom ( ! ,worm-pipe1 ?ro' a long ,pipe fix$ to x1 ! ,wa/e by ! v5tilat+ ru%+ ,air1 is n great :5 ! ,wat] 9 ! ,worm-tub is n hot2 yet ! foll[+ ,precaution1 if ne$ful1 may be us$1 9 di/ill+ by ,v5tilation1 viz4 to fix at ! l[] ,end ( ! ,worm-pipe1 by means ( a wood5 ,fawcet1 a small ,cask = a ,receiv]2 ! ,fawcet to ent] ! upp] side ( ! head ( ! ,cask1 & 9 ord] to give a free ,passage = ! great ,quantity ( v5tila+ ,air to pass (f1 & )al at ! same "t to prev5t ! escap+ ( mu* moi/ ,vap\r ) x1 x w be prop] to fix at ! ,bung-hole a long upright ,pipe ( ,wood1 or ( any ,metal4 ,i us$ a ,gun-b>rel f\r ,feet & a half long2 ?r\gh :i* "s small ,degree ( moi/ ,vap\r escap$2 z appe>$ by ! ,dampness ( a ,piece ( ,pap]1 fix$ at a little ,di/ance above ! ,m\? ( ! ,gun b>rel4 ,?is ,vap\r became visible1 & mu* increas$1 :5 ! ,wat] 9 ! ,worm-tub 0 v hot2 at :i* ,"t1 less is di/ill$ into ! ,cask-receiv]2 !n also !re is m ,dang] ( ! ,_s ( ,salt aris+4 ,& x 0 obs]vable1 t ! ,wat] 9 ! ,worm-pipe ,vessel heat$ mu* soon] by ,v5tilation1 ?an 9 ! common ,way ( di/ill+4 ,= :i* ,reason t ,wat] ought to be *ang$ s mu* ! (t5]1 :i* c easily be done at ,sea4 ,! ,cocks also at ! ,side ( ! ,worm-tub ought to be l>ge1 9 ord] to let ! hot ,wat] (f ! fa/]4 #bd4 ,b ?o' ! ,wat] 9 ! ,worm-tub 0 soon] heat$ by ,v5tilation1 because a d\ble ,quantity ( hot ,/eam pass$ ?ro' x1 m ?an pass$ ?ro' x 9 equal ,times 9 ! common ,way ( di/ill+2 yet 9 ! usual ,way ( ,di/illation ! ,liquor 9 ! ,/ill is hott]1 ) equal ,fire1 z is evid5t by its aptness to boil ov] ?ro' ! ,worm-pipe2 :]eas 9 ! v5tilat+ ,way x did n boil ov]1 not)/&+ a v hot ,fire 0 purposely made = a ,trial4 ,! cont9ual ,/reams ( asc5d+ fre% ,air1 n only 9 "s ,degree abat+ ! ,heat ( ! ,wat]2 b also incessantly c>ry+ (f ! m r>efi$ ,p>ticles ( ! ,wat]1 :i*1 :5 exp&$ into a repell+ ,/ate1 d !reby cause ! ov]fl[+ ,ebullition ( ! ,wat]4 ,on :i* ,acc\nt x is probable1 t less ,_s ( ,salt is =m$ & rais$ by ,v5tilation ?an )\t x4 ,z also on acc\nt ( ! fre% ,air asc5d+1 n f ! ,bottom ( ! ,/ill1 :]e is ! greate/ ,pl5ty ( ,salt1 especially t[>ds ! latt] ,end ( ea* ,di/illation2 b ab\t ?ree ,in*es f ! ,bottom1 viz4 pr9cipally f ! _m ,holes at ! ,surface ( ! ,air-box4 #be4 ,& :]eas ! ,quantity rais$ f ! ,/ill1 & di/ill$ into ! ,cask-receiv]1 _c be se52 ! prop] ,quantity to be di/ill$ 9 ea* ,di/illation1 may ) great ,accuracy be kn[n1 by hav+ a well clos$ ,pewt] ,bottle ( ! ,size ( ab\t half a ,p9t1 ) a ,brass ,wyre z big z a ,goose ,quill fix$ to x1 ! ,wyre to pass ?ro' ! ,receiv]-cask1 ne> ! ,bung-hole1 :i* ! float+ ,pewt] ,bottle w raise up1 till ! ,m>ks on ! ,wyre appe> j above ! ,cask4 ,i made use ( a ,glass ,viol = ?is ,purpose4 ,?is ,wyre w rise & fall freely1 not)/&+ ! ,motion ( ! ,%ip1 if x passes n only ?ro' ! ,wood ( ! ,cask1 b also ?ro' a metal9e ,pipe two or ?ree ,in*es long1 fix$ 9 t ,hole4 ,& x w be kn[n by ! simm]+ or boil+ ,noise ( ! ,wat] 9 ! ,/ill1 :e!r x is hot en\gh to di/ill2 = ! runn+ ( ! ,wat] into ! ,receiv]-cask _c be se54 #bf4 ,z x might be suspect$1 t m ,_s ( ,salt w\ld be rais$1 & di/ill$ ov] 9 ! v5tilat+ ,way1 ?an )\t x2 hav+ procur$ #ah ,gallons ( ,sea-wat] by ! ,m>gate ,hoy1 :i* 0 tak5 up at "s ,di/ance f ! ,%ore1 ,i put ?ree ,gallons ( ?is ,sea-wat]1 z soon z ,i _h receiv$ x1 into ! ,/ill2 & :5 x began to di/ill1 ,air 0 bl[n up ?ro' x4 ,= "s ,"t1 z is usual1 9 ! ,di/illation ( ,sea-wat]2 no ,_s ( ,salt arose2 b aft] di/ill+ "s ,"t long]1 !re 7 v weak :iti% ,cl\ds1 ) ,drops ( ,solution ( ,silv] 9 ,aqua-=tis1 z 9 ! common ,way ( di/ill+4 ,h5ce we see1 t ,v5tilation does n increase ! ,quantity ( ,salt1 b r probably some:at decreases x1 = ! ,reasons above giv51 ,no #bd4 #bg4 ,i di/ill$ ?ree ,gallons ( ,sea-wat]1 :i* _h /unk & became sweet aga92 :5 ab\t t5 ,qu>ts ( x _h be5 di/ill$ (f1 !n !re began to be v weak :iti% ,cl\ds ) ,solution ( ,silv]1 b none ) ,solution ( ,m]cury2 :i* %[s ! ,wat] to be hi!rto good1 agreeably to :at ,i =m]ly _h f\nd to be ! good ,effect ( di/ill+ ,sea-wat]1 :i* _h putrifi$1 & become sweet aga92 ( :i* ,i publi%$ an ,acc\nt 9 ! ,ye> #agci4 ,b :5 ,i cont9u$ ! ,di/illation on1 a qu>t] ( an ,h\r long]1 viz4 till !re 0 b a ,p9t ( ,wat] rema9+ 9 ! ,/ill1 & ! ,salts 7 incru/$ on its ,sides1 up ne> ?ree ,in*es f ! ,bottom1 & lay 9 ,heaps at ! ,bottom ( ! ,/ill1 !n ! di/ill$ ,liquor _h :iti% ,cl\ds 9 x1 ) ! ,solution ( ,m]cury 9 ,aqua-=tis4 ,f ?is ,di/illation we see1 t ,putrefaction1 by dissolv+ ! bitt]n ,salt & ,bitum51 into v m9ute ,p>ts1 qualifi$ !m to comb9e ) ! m fix$ common ,salt1 s z to deta9 !m f ris+ 9 ,di/illation4 #bh4 ,i di/ill$ ?ree ,gallons ( ,sea-wat]1 ) ! ,proportion ( six ,ounces ( ,mr4 ,appleby's ,lapis ,inf]nalis1 & six ,ounces ( calc9$ ,bones to #bj ,gallons ( ,sea-wat]1 z he directs4 ,?is ,wat] la!r$ well ) ,soap1 & boil$ ,peas well4 #bi4 ,i di/ill$ also "s ,sea-wat] ,) half an ,ounce ( ,/one ,lime to a ,gallon1 f ! ,clee ,hills 9 ,h]e=d%ire1 :i* hav+ be5 pres]v$ t5 ,mon?s 9 a ,firk91 _h slack$ to dry ,p[d]4 ,?is di/ill$ ,wat] did also la!r well ) ,soap1 & boil$ ,peas well2 :i* proves t ! ,lime1 :i* is a fix$ ,body1 does n di/ill ov] ) ! ,wat]4 ,s9ce ,i made ?is ,di/illation1 ,g5]al ,ogle?orpe in=m$ me1 t 8 ,fa!r1 ,sir ,!ophilus1 told him1 t ,lime 0 "o ( ! ,+r$i5ts1 ( :at he & ! re/ ( ! ,pat5tees1 9 ,*>les ! ,second's "t1 call$ ! ,cem5t1 ) :i* !y made di/ill$ ,sea-wat] :olsome4 #cj4 ,i di/ill$ also "s ,sea-wat] ) ! l ,proportion ( p[d]$ ,*alk1 :i* boil$ ,peas well1 & 0 bett] ta/$ ?an ! ,wat]s di/ill$ ) ,lapis ,inf]nalis or ,lime4 ,i di/ill$ also "s ,sea-wat] ) an ,ounce ( ,*alk to a ,gallon1 b f\nd no ,diff]5ce 9 ! ,ta/e ( ?is1 & t :i* _h b half an ,ounce ( ,*alk to a ,gallon3 ,s t half an ,ounce ( ,*alk to a ,gallon ( ,wat] w be suffici5t2 b :]e ! ,sea-wat] is salt]1 or m bitum9\s1 m ,*alk may be add$ if ne$ful4 #ca4 ,dr4 ,al/on ( ,ed9burgh1 9 ! ,preface to ! ,second ,edition ( 8 ,diss]tation on ,quick-lime & ,lime-wat]1 says1 t 8! l ,effect 0 f\nd 9 di/ill+ ,sea-wat] ) ,lime1 t x nei!r precipitat$ a ,solution ( ,silv] 9 ,aqua-=tis1 nor a ,solution ( corrosive ,sublimate 9 ,wat]1 nor did x =m a ,pellicle ( v>i\s ,col\rs on its ,surface1 z did ! ,wat] di/ill$ by ,mr4 ,appleby's ,process40 ,& ,i f9d1 ,page #ce ( my ,book on ?is ,subject1 t ,lime ( ,oy/]-%ells _h ! same good ,effect1 b requir$ two ,di/illations2 ,i might !n use too small a ,quantity ( t ,lime4 ,h5ce x is probable1 t ! ,*alk1 ! ,lime1 ! ,lime 9 ! ,lapis ,inf]nalis1 & ! ,lime 9 ,dr4 ,butl]'s ,soap-lees1 seize on & fix n only ! bitt]n ,salt1 b also ! ,bitum5 ( ! ,sea-wat]1 z we le>n f ! l ,effect 9 ! ,purification ( ! ,salt ( ,h>t%orn4 ,t ! sal9e ,_s arises *iefly f ! bitt]n ,salt1 & n f ! m p]fect ,sea-salt1 is probable f h5ce1 viz4 :5 ,i di/ill$ ?ree ,gallons ( common ,wat]1 made z salt z ,sea-wat] ) common ,salt2 no ,_s ( ,salt arose1 ev5 ?o' ! ,di/illation 0 c>ri$ s f> z to leave ! ,salt1 ?o' v damp1 to lie 9 ,heaps1 & x 0 incru/$ on ! ,sides ( ! ,/ill1 = ab\t ?ree ,in*es f ! ,bottom4 #cb4 ,x is a consid]able fur!r ,advantage1 t ,wat] ?us di/ill$ by ,v5tilation1 be+ !reby repleat & fre%5$ ) ,air1 has = pres5t ,use a m agreeable ,ta/e1 ?an ,wat] di/ill$ )\t ,v5tilation1 :i* requires ! /&+ a long] ,"t to h its m disagreeable adu/ ,ta/e g (f4 ,& z ! volatile ,oil ( ,pepp]-m9t does rise on ! ,w+s ( ! v5tilat+ ,air dur+ ! ,di/illation2 s also may t ,"p ( ! ,bitum51 :i* is volatiliz$ by ,heat2 z also ! volatile ur9\s ,salts ( ! ,sea-wat]1 :i* arises f animal ,sub/ances1 be sublim$ 9 ! same ,mann]4 #cc4 ,x 0 obs]vable1 t ! ,wat] di/ill$ fa/1 ev5 ?o' ! ,wat] 9 ! ,/ill 0 bel[ ! ,surface ( ! ,t9 ,air-box1 ?ro' :i* ! greate/ ,"p ( ! asc5d+ ,%[] ( ,air ru%$4 ,h5ce ! v5tilat+ ,air1 9 asc5d+ among ! ,vap\rs1 c>ries !m (f fa/4 ,h5ce x is to be suspect$1 t ?is ,me?od ( ,v5tilation w n d well = simple ,wat]s1 or f]m5t$ v9\s ,spirits2 because !y be+ v volatile1 mu* ( !m may be c>ri$ (f 9 ,wa/e4 #cd4 ,x 0 obs]vable1 t 9 ^! ,di/illations ( ,sea-wat]1 no :iti% ,cl\ds appe>$ on dropp+ 9 ,solution ( corrosive ,m]cury1 n ev5 :5 consid]ably m ?an f\r ,p>ts 9 five ( ! ,wat] _h be5 di/ill$ ov]4 ,& x 0 ! same ) ! ,mixture ( ,lapis ,inf]nalis1 ,lime1 & ,*alk2 :5ce x is probable1 t ! ,lime & ,*alk seize on & fix ! m volatile bitt]n ,salt1 z does also ! ,lime 9 ! ,lapis ,inf]nalis4 ,& x is well kn[n1 t ,sug>1 t sweet ,salt1 _c be made )\t ,lime1 on :i*1 z its ,c5tre ( ,union1 x fixes & granulates4 #ce4 ,& :]eas ) a ,solution ( ,silv] 9 ,aqua-=tis1 :i* 0 mu* weak5$ & dilut$ ) ,wat]1 !re appe>$ a fa9t ,degree ( :iti% ,cl\d1 9 all ! above-m5tion$ ,di/illations1 ?o' n ) ! /rong] ,solution ( ,m]cury till ! ,di/illation 0 c>ri$ on1 mu* beyond f\r ,p>ts 9 five ( ! ,wat] 9 ! ,/ill2 :5 bo? ,solutions caus$ rem>kably :ite ,cl\ds1 especially ! ,solution ( ,m]cury2 :i* indicates ! ,quantity ( ! ,_s ( ,salt :i* 0 rais$ dur+ ! =m] "p ( ! ,di/illation to be exce$+ small1 s9ce x c\ld n seize on1 nor dis5gage ! ,aqua-=tis f ! /rong] ,solution ( ,m]cury1 ?o' x did 9 a v small ,degree 9 ! weak ,solution ( ,silv]1 s z to let loose a v little ( ! ,silv]1 :i* !reby caus$ ! fa9t ,cl\ds4 ,:5 a ,drop ( ! ,solution ( ,m]cury 0 dropp$ into ! di/ill$ ,wat]1 aft] a ,drop ( ! ,solution ( ,silv]1 x resorb$ ! ,silv] ,cl\d1 & made ! ,wat] cle>1 by means ( ! great ,proportion ( acid ,aqua-=tis t 0 9 x4 #cf4 ,n[ 9 ord] to make "s ,e/imate ( ! v small ,quantity ( ,_s ( ,salt 9 ^! sev]al di/ill$ ,wat]s1 ,i dropp$ a ,drop ( ! ,solution ( ,silv] into an ,ounce1 or #dhj ,gra9s ( pure ,ra9 ,wat]1 :i* gave no ,cl\ds2 b on dropp+ 9 a ,drop ( ,sea-wat]1 :i* weigh$ a ,gra91 ! :ite ,cl\ds 7 /rong4 ,& s9ce ,sea-wat] c dissolve n9e times m ,salt ?an x has 9 x2 !re=e1 suppos+ ! ,drop to be s fully impregnat$ ) ,salt1 !n ! ,salt w\ld be ! #dhj? ,"p ( ! ,ounce ( ,wat]4 ,b z !re is n9e times less ,salt1 !re=e ! ,proportion ( ! ,quantity ( ,_s ( ,salt w be b ! #dcbj? ,"p4 ,& h[ mu* less mu/ be ! ,proportion ( ,salt 9 ^! di/ill$ ,wat]s1 :i* is n suffici5t to make a s5sible ,impression on ,solution ( ,m]cury1 & b a fa9t "o on mu* dilut$ ,solution ( ,silv]4 ,su* di/ill$ ,sea-wat] w n !re=e1 probably be un:olsome2 almo/ all ,spr+-wat]s h "s ,degree ( ,salt 9 !m3 ,b if !re 7 m ( ! ,_s ( ,salt1 a v small ,quantity ( ,pot-a%1 or ,pe>l-a%es1 or ,salt ( ,t>t>1 comb9$ ) x1 w turn x into common ,salt1 ! ,quantity ( :i* w\ld be extremely little4 #cg4 ,x may be well to be provid$ 9 ,%ips ) "s ,silv] dissolv$ 9 ,aqua-=tis1 mix$ ) pure ,ra9-wat]1 or di/ill$ fre% ,wat]1 9 ! ,proportion ( sixty ,drops to an ,ounce ( ! ,wat]2 ?o' x is probable1 x may seldom be want$1 unless 9 "s d\btful ,cases1 :5 ! ,ta/e may n be accurate en\gh to p]ceive1 :e!r !re be any ,_s ( ,salt 9 ! di/ill$ ,wat]4 #ch4 ,s9ce d\ble ! usual ,quantity ( ,vap\r may by ,way ( ,v5tilation be c>ri$ (f1 common ,salt may ?us be made mu* soon]1 *eap]1 & bett]2 because z !re is mu* less ,fire us$2 s proportionably1 less ( ! f9e acid ,_s ( ! ,salt1 9 :i* its ,virtue consi/s1 w be evaporat$ away3 ,= x is well kn[n1 t ! ,salt is be/ :i* has und]gone ! lea/ ,action ( ,fire 9 mak+4 #ci4 ,?is m spe$y ,me?od ( evaporat+ w also be useful1 9 mak+ _m o!r ,evaporations2 z 9 mak+ ,pot-a%1 c4 #dj4 ,b "s are appreh5sive1 t ?is great ,improvem5t 9 ,di/ill+1 may be ( ill ,consequ5ce 9 mak+ ^? de/ructive ,spirits *eap]1 :i* are already b too *eap4 ,_h n ! ,improvem5t be5 ( great ,b5efit to ,mank9d 9 _m o!r ,respects1 ,i %\ld h be5 f>1 v f>1 f endeav\r+ aft] x1 or discov]+ x4 ,b %\ld ! ,ev5t be to make ^? ,spirits *eap]1 & consequ5tly1 by spread+ f>!r1 m de/ructive1 ! consequ5ce ( t w be1 t ! increas$ rag+ ,deva/ation w ! soon] necess>ily r\se ! ,nations to put a ,/op to :at mu/ be done h]eaft]2 = if ! ,ravages cont9ue increas+1 z !y h done = sixty ,ye>s pa/1 ! human ,species mu/ ne$s n only be greatly debas$1 b ev5 9 great measure dim9i%$ & de/roy$4 ,& yet none ( ! ,nations1 ^: v ,vitals are !reby consum+ & de/roy+1 endeav\r to put any ,/op to x1 except ! ,heads ( ! native ,indians 9 ,nor?-,am]ica1 :o h long repeat$ly intreat$ ! ,engli% to sell !m no ,rum2 :i* is z effectually extirpat+ ( !m1 z ! ,hornet did ! unsubdu$ rema9d] ( ! ,canaanites4 #da4 ,if ,mank9d1 in/ead ( receiv+ & ent]ta9+ ?is ,pe/ ) almo/ univ]sal ,applause & ,approbation1 c\ld prevail ) !mselves to be 9 e>ne/ to use ,means to deliv] !mselves f x2 !n mu* might be done t[>ds x1 by l[]+ & weak5+ all k9d ( f]m5t$ di/ill$ ,spirits ) ,wat]1 to a salut>y ,degree1 z is n[ practis$ 9 our ,plantations 9 ,am]ica1 9 mak+ ,pun* s weak1 z n to be hurtful2 :i*1 :5 x 0 mu* /rong]1 0 well kn[n to de/roy ,multitudes4 ,& :]e ! l humane1 wise1 & laudable ,practice has be5 us$ 9 ,%ips1 x has _h ! same happy salut>y ,effect4 #db4 ,:at ,necessity or ev5 ,temptation c !re be to be av]se to ! mak+ !m :olsome1 in/ead ( be+ v5om\s & de/ructive8 & t n only ( ! ,lives1 b ev5 ( ! ,morals ( ,mank9d4 ,h[ mu* !re=e does x behove all1 :o h any ,conc]n = ! ,hon\r & ,dignity ( _! own k9dr$ ,species1 any ,indignation at its be+ ?us debas$ & disgrac$1 any ,b[els ( ,pity = ! va/ ,multitudes1 n less ?an a ,million1 t are ye>ly de/roy$ all ov] ! ,_w1 by ?is moral z well z natural1 & !re=e wor/ ( all ,evils t ev] befel unhappy ,man2 to use _! utmo/ ,endeav\rs to deliv] ,mank9d f ?is ,pe/8 ,b not)/&+ ?is a/oni%+ ,ravage & ,de/ruction ( ! human ,species1 yet ! unhappy unrel5t+ ,nations ( ! ,_w1 seem z unconc]n$ ab\t x1 z if only s _m ,?\s&s1 nay1 ,millions ( ,cat]pill]s or ,locu/s 7 de/roy$ !reby4 ,0 !re ev] a m important ,occasion to r\se ! ,indignation ( ,mank9d8 ,c we be calm & undi/urb$1 :5 ?is mighty ,de/roy] re>s up its inv5om$ ,head e :]e8 ,! mo/ zeal\s ,advocates = ,drams1 ev5 ! unhappy besott$ ,drami/s !mselves1 ! prolong+ ( ^: ,lives1 & ^: real ,welf>e bo? "h & h]eaft]1 is h]eby s9c]ely int5d$1 _c f9d fault ) ?is well-meant ,remon/rance1 9 ,def5ce ( !m1 & ( all ,mank9d1 aga9/ ?is mighty ,de/roy]1 f "o :o has long be5 lab\r+1 & t n )\t ,success1 9 f9d+ ,means to pres]ve ,multitudes ( ,lives1 by v>i\s ,ways4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! great ,b5efit ( ,v5tilators 9 _m ,in/ances1 9 pres]v+ ! ,heal? & ,lives ( ,p1 9 ,slave & o!r ,transport ,%ips4 #dc4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! sev]al ,means "h propos$ = hav+ fre% & sweet ,wat] at ,sea1 w be ( great ,b5efit 9 pres]v+ ! ,heal? & ,lives ( ,multitudes ( t valuable & useful ,"p ( ,mank9d1 ^? :o occupy _! ,bus9ess 9 great ,wat]s2 ^: ,welf>e ,i h long _h at he>t1 & endeav\r$ to promote by v>i\s ,ways2 especially by f9d+ ,means to procure !m fre% salut>y ,air1 in/ead ( ! noxi\s1 putrid1 close conf9$ pe/il5tial ,air1 :i* has de/roy$ ,millions ( ,mank9d 9 ,%ips4 ,& x is to be hop$ t by dilig5t ,rese>*es1 f>!r & f>!r useful ,discov]ies w h]eaft] be made = ! ,b5efit ( ,navigation4 #dd4 ,! foll[+1 z !y are /rong ,pro(s ( ! great ,b5efit & ,usefulness ( ,v5tilators 9 ,%ips1 s !y also fully prove t !y c mo/ commodi\sly be fix$ & work$ 9 !m1 9 contradiction to ! vulg>1 false1 & gr\ndless ,notion1 t !y take up too mu* room1 & are incommodi\s1 & 9 a mann] impracticable to be work$1 :]eas ! ,m5 are eag] to "w !m2 & _m m ,p]sons c be ) ,safety to _! ,heal? & ,lives 9 a v5tilat$1 ?an 9 an unv5tilat$ ,%ip2 :i* fully obviates ! ,objection z to ! ,room !y take up4 ,9 new & important ,rese>*es1 ! likelie/ ,way to succe$1 is to pursue a ,?\ght n only by imp]fect & fallaci\s ,reason+s1 b :5 ! ,nature ( ! ,?+ requires x1 ) a prop] ,s]ies ( ,trials & ,exp]im5ts4 ,?us 9 ! pres5t ,case1 ! pr9cipal ,cause ( ! ,sickness 9 ,%ips1 is ! noxi\s putrid ,air2 ! obvi\s ,rem$y is ! ex*ang+ t f\l ,air = fre%1 by effectual ,means1 :i* are seldom discov]$ by dwell+ only on ,objections1 b are usually ! ,rew>d ( repeat$ dilig5t1 exp]im5tal ,rese>*es4 ,nei!r are we to be disc\rag$ 9 ^! our ,pursuits by "s ,disappo9tm5ts1 = ,i h frequ5tly f\nd t !y lead to ! ,?+ s\ght =3 ,& by ! l ,clue ( ,reason+ & ,exp]im5t+1 !re is ! greate/ ,probability t we %all succe$ 9 ano!r v important ,rese>*1 viz4 ! pres]v+ mu* long] f ,decay ! ,timb]s ( ,%ips laid up 9 ord9>y 9 ,h>b\r3 ,= z we are assur$ by daily ,exp]i5ce1 t ! ,decay is :olly ow+ to damp1 close conf9$ putrid corrod+ ,air2 s ! only ,rem$y = ?is ,evil1 is ! frequ5tly *ang+ ! ,air among ! ,timb]s1 by pl5tiful ,v5tilations2 :i* we f9d by happy ,exp]i5ce1 c be effect$ to su* a ,degree1 z give reasonable ,hopes1 en\gh to enc\rage our f>!r ,trials & ,rese>*es4 #de4 ,capta9 ,?omson ( ! ,success ,frigate1 9 8 ,lett] to me dat$ ,london1 ,sept4 #be1 #agdi1 says1 8,t dur+ ! ,v5tilation1 ! ,l[]-deck ,hat*es 7 commonly kept close %ut2 by :i* means ! ,air 0 drawn d[n into ! ,hold1 f betwe5 ,decks1 ?ro' ! ,seams ( ! ,ceil+1 along ! ,timb]s ( ! ,%ip2 by :i* means we f\nd ! f\l ,air soon drawn (f f betwe5 ,decks4 ,our ,rule = v5tilat+ 0 = half an ,h\r e f\r ,h\rs2 b :5 ! ,v5tilat+ 0 sometimes neglect$ = eight ,h\rs toge!r1 !n we c\ld p]ceive1 especially 9 hot ,wea!r1 a v s5sible ,diff]5ce by t %ort ,neglect ( x2 = x w\ld !n take a long] ,"t to draw (f ! f\l ,air4 ,our g5]al ,rule 01 to "w ! ,v5tilators till we f\nd ! ,air f !m sweet4 ,we all agre$ t !y 7 ( great ,s]vice2 ! ,m5 be+ s s5sible ( ! ,b5efit ( !m1 t !y requir$ no driv+ to "w t :i* !y receiv$ s mu* ,b5efit by4 ,we f\nd ?is good ,effect f ,v5tilation1 t ?o' !re 7 ne> #bjj ,m5 on bo>d1 = almo/ a ,ye>1 yet ,i l&$ !m all well 9 ,georgia1 not)/&+ !y 7 press$ ,m51 & deliv]$ me out ( ,goals1 ) ,di/emp]s ^u !m4 ,?is is :at ,i believe b few ,transports1 or any o!r ,%ips1 c brag (2 nor did ,i ev] meet ! l ,good-luck be=e2 :i*1 next to ,provid5ce1 ,i impute to ! ,b5efit receiv$ by ! ,v5tilators4 ,x is to be rem>k$1 t we :o lay w9d-b\nd1 = f\r ,mon?s1 ) our ,exp$ition ,fleet1 :i* soon aft] invad$ ,france1 7 v heal?y all ! "t1 :5 !y 7 v sickly 9 all ! ,%ips ( t ,exp$ition4 #df4 8,?is c]ta9ly occasion$ all k9d ( ,gra9 ,provisions to keep bett] & long] f ,weevels1 ?an o!rwise !y w\ld h done2 & o!r ,k9ds ( ,provisions receiv$ ,b5efit f ! ,coolness & ,fre%ness 9 ! ,air ( ! ,%ip1 :i* 0 caus$ by ,v5tilation40 #dg4 ,mr4 ,cramond also in=ms me1 t he f\nd ! good ,effect ( ,v5tilators on bo>d a ,slave-,%ip ( 8 ) #cib ,slaves1 twelve ( :i* 7 tak5 on bo>d1 j be=e !y sail$ f ,gu9ea1 ill ( a ,flux1 :i* twelve all di$2 b ! re/1 ) all ! ,europeans 9 ! ,%ip1 arriv$ well at ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,! foll[+ is a ,lett] to me f ,capta9 ,,ellis1 viz4 8,sir1 #dh4 8,c\ld any ?+ increase ! ,pleasure ,i h 9 a lit]>y ,int]c\rse ) y1 x w\ld be to f9d t x answ]$ y\r ,end 9 promot+ ! public ,good4 ,! ,vis-in]ti ( ,mank9d is n ! only ,difficulty y h _h to enc\nt]1 b _! ,ignorance & ,prejudices1 :i* are almo/ insup]able4 ,x is to y\r ,p]sev]ance & ,resolution1 t ! little ,progress y h made is due3 ,inde$ ,i ought n to say little2 = x is a great ,/ep to h f\nd ! few t h ,he>ts good en\gh to reli% y\r ,plan1 & ,heads suffici5tly cle> to disc]n ! mo/ effectual ,me?od ( advanc+ x4 ,x does ,hon\r to ^? noble & o!r wor?y ,p]sonages t jo9 y 9 ,acts ( su* ext5sive ,humanity1 z ! ,introduction ( ,v5tilators to ,hospitals1 ,prisons1 ,%ips ( ,w> & ,transport1 c4 z !y mu/ necess>ily r5d] ! ,mis]ies ( ! fir/ m supportable1 & ! close & con/ant ,conf9em5t ( ! o!rs less prejudicial & fatal to _! ,heal? & ,life4 ,x is to be lam5t$ t !y are n m g5]ally made use (2 =1 not)/&+ _! ,advantage is app>5t & inconte/able1 x is sc>ce cr$ible h[ few are to be f\nd among ! va/ ,numb] ( ,%ips daily employ$ 9 c>ry+ ,pass5g]s1 ,slaves1 ,cattle1 & o!r p]i%able ,commodities4 ,^? ( y\r ,inv5tion1 :i* ,i _h1 7 ( s+ul> ,s]vice to u2 !y kept ! ,inside ( ! ,%ip cool1 sweet1 dry1 & heal?y3 ,! ,numb] ( ,slaves ,i buri$ 0 only six1 & n "o :ite ,man ( our ,crew1 7:i* 0 ?irty-f\r7 dur+ a ,voyage ( #ae ,mon?s2 an ,in/ance v uncommon4 ,! #cdj ,negroes 7 v s5sible ( ! ,b5efits ( a con/ant ,v5tilation1 & 7 always displeas$ :5 x 0 omitt$3 ,ev5 ! ,ex]cise _h ,advantages n to be despis$ among ,p s mu* conf9$4 ,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 =get t ,v5tilation alone is insuffici5t to keep ,disord]s out ( ,%ips2 = (t5 ,infections are br\ght abo>d by ! ,slaves1 or o!rs2 & frequ5tly ,diseases are produc$ by fe$+ on bad or decay$ ,food1 b (t5] /ill by ,insobriety2 = ,i h ev] rem>k$ t ! immod]ate ,use ( spiritu\s ,liquors 9 w>m ,climates1 is m p]nici\s & fatal ev5 ?an ! ,malignancy ( ! ,air itself4 ,9 cold ,c\ntries too1 :]e ,i h _h ,exp]i5ce1 ^? ,sailors1 or o!rs1 :o accu/om$ !mselves to h>d dr9k+1 especially ( ,drams1 _h ! ,scurvy 9 a t]rible ,degree2 :]eas ^? :o 7 temp]ate or sob]1 ei!r escap$ x entirely1 or _h x b mod]ately4 ,! ,effects ( ,drunk5ness 0 /ill m disc]nable among ! ,indians adjo9+ our ,settlem5ts 9 ,hudson's-,bay1 :o are a feeble1 dim9utive1 *illy1 indol5t ,set ( ,p4 ,on ! contr>y1 ^? :o come f ! inl& ,p>ts 7:o are unus$ to dr9k ,br&y7 are brave1 active1 robu/1 & indu/ri\s4 ,! same ,diff]5ce is obs]vable 9 ! ,africans1 & p]haps among ! ,inhabitants ( mo/ o!r ,nations1 did we att5d to x4 ,x 0 to ! unusual ,sobriety ( my ,crew1 t ,i ascrib$1 9 "s measure1 _! uncommon ,heal?9ess2 = ,sailors brea! a pur] ,air1 & enjoy m ,ex]cise & ,lib]ty1 ?an ,pass5g]s or ,slaves2 :]e=e _! ,ailm5ts are ow+ to bad or disord]ly ,liv+1 z well z to un:olsome ,air4 8,c\ld ,i b see ! immod]ate ,use ( spiritu\s ,liquors less g5]al1 & ! ,b5efits ( ,v5tilators m kn[n & exp]i5c$1 ,i might !n hope to see ,mank9d bett] & happi]4 ,i am1 8,,sir1 8,y\r mo/ ob$i5s ,s]vant1 ,,h5ry ,,ellis40 ,bri/ol1 ,dec4 #bf1 #agec4 #di4 ,&1 by ! l good ,conduct1 9 8 next ,voyage 9 ! ,ye> #agee1 n "o ( #cab ,slaves di$2 & all 8 #cf ,sailors arriv$ alive & well at ,bri/ol4 #ej4 ,& ! ,e>l ( ,halifax has (t5 in=m$ me ( ! great ,b5efit !y f\nd by ! ,use ( ,v5tilators1 9 sev]al ,nova ,scotia ,transport-,%ips1 twelve to "o m h be5 f\nd to die 9 unv5tilat$ ?an 9 v5tilat$ ,%ips4 ,x is inde$ a self-evid5t ,?+1 t ! *ang+ ! f\l ,air frequ5tly 9 ,%ips1 9 :i* !re are _m ,p]sons1 w be a means ( keep+ !m 9 bett] ,heal? ?an n do+ x2 :i* makes x ! m a/oni%+ t effectual ,proposals to rem$y s great an ,evil1 %\ld be receiv$ ) s mu* ,coldness & ,indiff]5ce by ,mank9d4 ,!y little consid] t x is ! high ,degree ( ,putrefaction 7t mo/ subtile ,dissolv5t 9 ,nature7 :i* a f\l ,air acquires 9 long /agnat+1 :i* gives x t pe/il5tial ,quality1 :i* causes :at is call$ ! ,goal-,di/emp]4 ,& a v small ,quantity1 or ev5 ,vap\r ( ?is highly att5uat$ ,v5om1 l ! ,infection or ,inoculation = ! ,small-pox1 soon spreads its deadly ,infection4 ,ought n ,m5 !re=e1 f ! common natural ,pr9ciple ( ,self-,pres]vation1 to use _! utmo/ ,endeav\rs to %un ?is pe/il5t ,de/roy]1 by :i* ,millions ( ,mank9d h p]i%$ 9 ,%ips8 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s ,tryals to cure ! ill ,ta/e ( ,milk1 :i* is occasion$ by ! ,food ( ,c[s1 ei!r f ,turnips1 ,cabbages1 or autumnal ,leaves1 c4 ,also to sweet5 ,/9k+-wat]1 c4 #ea4 ,?is ,me?od ( bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?ro' ,liquors1 w be ( consid]able ,use 9 sev]al o!r ,respects1 z well z 9 ,di/illation1 z appe>s by ! foll[+ ,trials1 viz4 #eb4 ,i h be5 in=m$ t x is a common ,practice1 to cure ! ill ,ta/e ( ,cream f ! ,food ( ,c[s1 by sett+ x 9 broad ,pans ov] hot ,emb]s or ,*>coal1 & cont9ually /irr+ x1 till scald+ hot1 & till cool aga93 ,b :5 ,i attempt$ to d ?is mu* soon]1 & m effectually1 by bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?ro' x2 ,i soon f\nd x to be impracticable1 by reason ( its v great ,degree ( fro?+ up4 ,! ill ,ta/e mu/ !re=e be got out ( ! ,milk1 be=e x is set = ,cream2 :i* ,i h be5 told1 has be5 practic$1 & t ) "s b5efit1 by giv+ ! ,milk a scald+ ,heat1 )\t /irr+ x4 #ec4 ,may #bb4 ,i v5tilat$ "s ill ta/$1 new unheat$ ,milk ( a ,c[ :i* 0 purposely f$ ) ,cr[-,g>lick mix$ ) cut ,grass4 ,aft] #ae ,m9utes ,v5tilation ! ,ta/e 0 a little m5d$2 9 half an ,h\r's bl[+ x 0 some?+ bett]4 ,at ! ,h\r's end x _h ! same ,ta/e1 b 0 s5sibly bett] ?an ! unv5tilat$ ,milk4 ,i 0 disappo9t$ ( an ,opportunity to repeat ! ,exp]im5t ) ,cr[ ,g>lick ,milk1 ) a scald+ ,heat2 x w\ld !n probably h be5 soon p]fectly cur$2 z x is reasonable to believe f ! ,ev5t ( ! foll[+ ,exp]im5ts1 viz4 #ed4 ,augu/ #bc1 f\r ,qu>ts ( ill ta/$ new ,milk1 f a ,c[ :i* _h f$ eighty-f\r ,h\rs on ,cabbage ,leaves only1 & drank dur+ t ,"t v little ,wat]2 7 put into a lead5 ,vessel1 eight ,in*es 9 ,diamet]1 & ?irty ,in*es *es deep4 ,! lead5 ,vessel 0 heat$ 9 a l>ge ,boil]1 & set into a ,vessel ( hot ,wat]2 !reby to give ! ,milk a scald+ ,heat1 & also keep x hot4 ,9 t5 ,m9utes ,v5tilation x 0 p]fectly cur$ ( its ill ,ta/e2 & aft] /&+ tw5ty-f\r ,h\rs 9 a broad ,pan1 !re 0 a ?ick ,scum :i* 0 half ,cream & half ,butt]1 free f any ill ,ta/e2 ! skimm$ ,milk 0 n %e] or ?93 ,s "h is a ,me?od to make good ,butt] f ill ta/$ ,milk4 #ee4 ,! ,fro? ( ! ,milk 0 s great1 by reason ( a too brisk ,v5tilation1 z to make x fro? ov] ! ,vessel1 :i* 0 ?irty ,in*es deep2 if x _h n be5 kept d[n1 by con/antly lad+ & break+ ! v l>ge ,bubbles ( ,fro?4 ,b :5 ! ,v5tilation is m g5tle1 ! ,fro? has ris5 b ?ree ,in*es f six ,qu>ts ( ,milk1 :i* 0 n9e ,in*es deep4 ,! ,cabbage ,milk 0 b six ,in*es deep4 ,i repeat$ ! l ,op]ation ! same ,day1 ) ! ,ev5+ ,milk ( ! same ,c[2 b giv+ x only a ,heat1 t ,i c\ld be> my ,f+]s 91 = a little ,"t2 ) ?is ,degree ( ,heat1 aft] =ty-five ,m9utes ,v5tilation1 ! ,milk 7?o' mu* bett] ta/$7 yet 0 n s compleatly cur$1 z ! =m] ,milk4 ,h5ce we see1 h[ necess>y ,heat is1 to volatilize ! rancid ,oyl 7:i* gives ! ill ,ta/e7 to su* a ,degree z to cause x to fly (f by ,v5tilation4 #ef4 ,x 0 obs]v$ t :at 0 milk$ f ?is ,c[ a ,week aft] %e _h done eat+ ! ,cabbage1 _h an ill ,ta/e4 #eg4 ,i h n z yet _h an ,opportunity1 to try to cure1 9 ! same ,mann]1 ! ill ,ta/e ( ,milk1 :i* is occasion$ by ,c[s fe$+ on autumnal ,leaves1 or ,turnips1 !y hav+ probably eat5 ?is ,autumn1 ! few] ,leaves1 on acc\nt ( ! ,pl5ty ( ,grass1 occasion$ by mu* ,ra92 :i* has also hi!rto prev5t$ ,turnips f be+ rancid1 :i* are obs]v$ to be mo/ s1 :5 !y %oot out 9 ! ,spr+4 ,z ,opportunities (f] ,i purpose to make ,trials1 :i* ,i conclude o!rs w also d1 :i* w probably be att5d$ ) ! same good ,effects z t on ! ,cabbage ,milk4 #eh4 ,b ?o' ! ill ,ta/e ( ,milk f fe$+ on ,cabbage ,leaves1 0 ?us effectually cur$ by volatiliz+ ) ,heat1 & dissipat+ by ,v5tilation ! rancid ,oil2 yet ! bitt] ,ta/e ( a /rong ,infusion ( ,*amomel ,fl[]s 9 six ,qu>ts ( ,wat]1 0 n s5sibly abat$ by an ,h\r's ,v5tilation ( x1 :ile scald+ hot4 #ei4 ,i am in=m$ t1 9 ,devon%ire1 !y set ! ,pans ( ,milk on ,trivets1 mak+ ,fires "u !m1 to give ! ,milk1 g5tly & gradually a scald+1 b n a boil+ ,heat1 :i* w\ld di/urb ! ris+ ,cream2 & !n set x on ! ,floor 9 ! ,milk-h\se to cool1 :]e 9 twelve ,h\rs x has a ?ick ,scum1 p>tly ,butt] & p>tly ,cream3 ,! skimm$ ,milk is v ?9 & %e]2 & ! ,cream 9 great ,pl5ty & delici\s1 except x gets a smoky ,ta/e1 :i* x is apt to d2 & :i* might probably be prev5t$1 by hav+ a ,range ( z _m ,/oves1 z !re are ,pans ( ,milk to be us$ at "o ,"t2 all to be w>m$ by "o ,fire1 ei!r at "o end1 or ! middle ( ! ,flue or ,funnel 9 ! ,brick-"w1 :i* conveys ! ,smoke & ,heat "u ! ,/oves4 ,& z ! ,pans ne>e/ to ! ,fire w soone/ h _! due ,heat1 on _! ,removal to br+ ! f>!/ & coole/ ,pans ne>e/ ! ,fire2 & in/antly cov]+ ! uncov]$ ,/oves ) prop] ,cov]s to prev5t ! ,heat & ,smoke f com+ out2 by ?is ,means ! ,milk w\ld all be soon heat$1 ) any k9d ( ,fuel1 & t ) mu* less 9 ,quantity ?an 9 ! common ,way4 #fj4 ,& ! m effectually to prev5t ! ,smoke f com+ at ! ,milk1 x may be well to h ! broad out] ,rim ( ! ,pans turn$ p]p5dicul>ly d[nw>ds1 ?ree or f\r ,in*es1 t x may ent] deep into a circul> ,groove ( ,s&2 & if x %all be ne$ful ! ,s& may be wett$ 9 ord] ! m effectually to prev5t ! ,passage ( ! ,smoke3 ,i ?\ght ( ?is ,me?od ab\t fifty ,ye>s s9ce on ta/+ ! smoky ,butt] 9 ,som]set%ire4 ,by ! same ,means ! ,poor might save mu* ,fuel 9 boil+ ! ,pot1 especially 9 ,summ]1 :5 a ,fire is want$ only = boil+ ! ,pot4 #fa4 ,:5 any ,pans are to be remov$ f ! ,/oves1 ! ,asc5t ( ! ,smoke ?ro' ! uncov]$ ,/ove1 may be prev5t$ by fir/ clos+ ! ,flue ne> ! ,fire1 by an ,iron ,slid+-%utt] or ,regi/]4 #fb4 ,milk might ?us mo/ commodi\sly be heat$ to a scald+ ,heat ) little ,fuel1 fit = ,v5tilation1 9 a ,vessel ( a prop] ,dep?1 set 9 ! same ,mann] z ! ,pans 9 a ,/ove1 to secure x f ,smoke1 ) ,bell[s fix$ prop]ly ne> x3 7see ,fig4 #c47 ,by ?is ,means !re w\ld be little ,tr\ble or ,exp5ce 9 cur+ ill ta/$ ,milk by ,v5tilation4 #fc4 ,may #ad?1 me]ly to see :at ! ,ev5t w\ld be1 a ,gallon ( new ,milk1 j f ! ,c[ 0 v5tilat$1 = an ,h\r & half1 :i* produc$ six ,ounces ( ,butt]2 & ?o' x 0 v5tilat$ half an ,h\r long]1 yet no m ,butt] 0 made2 x 0 :iti%1 want+ bo? ! ,col\r & ,ta/e ( good fre% ,butt]4 #fd4 ,i am cr$ibly in=m$1 t 9 ! ,places fam\s = mak+ ! be/ fre% ,w9t] ,butt]1 !y set ! ,pot ( ,cream 9 w>m ,wat]1 s long z till x has acquir$ t small ,degree ( ,s\rness1 :i* x v soon has 9 w>m ,summ] ,wea!r1 :i* gives x its agreeable ,flav\r4 ,& 9 ord] to give x ,col\r1 !y grate a well col\r$ ,c>rot into a little ,milk1 :i* z soon z /a9$1 is /ra9$ f ! ,c>rot ?ro' a ,sive1 & !n mix$ ) ! ,cream4 #fe4 ,x is f\nd by ,exp]i5ce1 t ! ,quantity ( ,cream is increas$1 by putt+ into ! ,milk a little w>m ,wat] 9 ,w9t]1 & cold 9 ,summ]2 :i* be+ !reby1 9 "s ,degree ?9n$1 ! ,cream is !reby m easily dis9tangl$1 s z m freely to asc5d to ! ,surface ( ! ,milk4 #ff4 ,i v5tilat$ ?ree ,gallons ( /9k+ ,jessops-well purg+ ,wat]4 ,on fir/ bl[+1 ! ,smell ( ! asc5d+ ,vap\r 0 v (f5sive1 :i* ,(f5siv5ess abat$ mu* 9 five ,m9utes3 ,9 elev5 ,m9utes ! ,smell 0 mu* bett]3 ,9 tw5ty ,m9utes ! ,wat] seem$ sweet bo? 9 ,smell & ,ta/e2 & n sweet] at ! ,end ( =ty-five ,m9utes1 fifte5 or tw5ty ,m9utes w probably suffice4 #fg4 ,july #bj? ?ree ,gallons ( /9k+ ,sea-wat] 7 v5tilat$2 9 five ,m9utes x 0 mu* sweet5$1 & no ill ,smell 9 ! asc5d+ ,air1 ?o' at fir/ x 0 v (f5sive3 ,at ! ,end ( t5 ,m9utes x _h a small ,degree ( ill ,ta/e2 aft] tw5ty ,m9utes no ill ,ta/e or ,smell4 ,x fro!d ne> a ,foot high dur+ ,"p ( ! ,v5tilation2 ?is f ! ,bitum51 c4 #fh4 ,"s ,sea-wat] :i* 0 made to /9k ) ,fle% & ,is+lass be+ put into x1 0 n made p]fectly sweet1 n ev5 by a v5tilat$ ,di/illation1 & an ,h\r's m ,v5tilation aft] x 0 di/ill$2 s t ,putrefaction ) animal ,sub/ances1 is n easily compleatly cur$ by ,v5tilation4 #fi4 ,:5 ! ,wat] 0 #bg ,in*es deep 9 ! lead5 ,vessel1 no ,air c\ld be bl[n up ?ro' x by ! ,=ce ( ! ,bell[s4 ,b at #ah ,in*es ,dep?1 ! ,air c\ld freely be bl[n up 9 ,%[]s ?ro' ! ,wat]2 :5 !re=e x is requisite to bl[ up ?ro' great ,dep?s ( ,wat]1 ! ,bell[s may be work$ ) a ,lev]1 z ,smi?s ,bell[s are work$4 #gj4 ,z x is f\nd by ,exp]i5ce1 t ! ,milk & ,butt] ( ,c[s1 :i* dr9k /9k+ ,wat]1 has a v bad ,ta/e1 ?is pla9ly %[s t ! ,wat] reta9s its putrid ,quality :5 mix$ ) ! ,blood2 :5ce x is mu* to be suspect$1 t ! /9k+ ,wat] :i* is drank 9 ,%ips1 by reta9+ its putrid ,quality1 ev5 :5 mix$ ) ! ,blood1 may !reby promote t putrid ,di/emp] ! ,scurvy1 z well z "s o!r ,di/emp]s4 ,& mu* m does ! putrid close ,air 9 ,%ips1 :i* is mix$ ) ! ,blood f ! ,lungs1 promote putrid & o!r ,disord]s3 ,by ! same ,means also1 pe/il5tial ,infections are tak5 93 ,= z ! salut>y ,prop]ties ( good ,air1 are convey$ to ! ,blood by ! ,lungs1 s are also ! malignant ,qualities ( bad ,air4 #ga4 ,?us also ! putrid ,wat] 9 m>%y agui% ,c\ntries1 may be a ,cause ( ,agues1 z well z ! putrid ,air :i* !y brea!2 :i*1 z well z ! putrid ,wat]1 may probably c>ry "s ( its putrid ,quality into ! ,blood ?ro' ! ,lungs4 ,?is ,me?od !re=e ( sweet5+ /9k+ ,wat]1 by bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?ro' ! /9k+ ,wat] ( "s agui% ,places1 may be b5eficial4 #gb4 ,live ,fi% may well be c>ri$ sev]al ,miles1 by bl[+ n[ & !n fre% ,air up ?ro' ! ,wat]1 )\t ! ,tr\ble ( *ang+ ! ,wat]2 = ?is ,v5tilation w n only keep ! ,wat] sweet1 b also enri* x ) ,air1 :i* is necess>y = ! ,life ( ,fi%es2 ) :i* ,air !y supply _! ,blood1 by brea?+ ! ,wat]1 ?9 spread1 betwe5 _! ,gills3 ,b /9k+ ,wat] w kill ,fi%4 #gc4 ,i h f\nd t mu* ( ! heat+ ,oil may be got out ( ,t>-wat]1 by bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?ro' x :5 scald+-hot1 = #ae or #cj ,m9utes1 ! long] ! bett]2 ! less volatile1 & m salut>y ,acid rema9+4 ,illu/ration3 page #ei ,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #b4 ,fig4 #c4 ,t4 ,jeff]ys sculp ,,an ,,app5dix ,,to ,,! ,treatise on di/ill+ ,sea-,wat]1 sweetn+ ,milk1 c4 :i* gives a f>!r ,acc\nt h[ to procure /ill great] ,pl5ty ( ,fre%-wat] at ,sea1 & to sweet5 ill-ta/$ ,milk1 ,/9k+-wat]1 & mu/y ,liquors1 c4 by bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?ro' !m4 #gd4 ,sev]al consid]able ,improvem5ts hav+ be5 made on ! ,subjects ( ?is little ,book1 s9ce ! ,publication ( x1 ,i %all "h give a %ort ,acc\nt ( !m1 hop+ !y may 9 sev]al ,respects be ( ,b5efit to ! ,_w2 especially ! great ,improvem5t 9 di/ill+ ,pl5ty ( ,fre%-wat] at ,sea4 #ge4 ,9 ord] to br+ ! ,me?od ( procur+ ,pl5ty ( good ,fre%-wat] at ,sea1 into practice1 sev]al previ\s ,trials 7 made1 at ! laudable ,motion & ,desire ( ,pet] ,wy*e1 ,esq2 9 a ,/ill conta9+ #bd ,gallons ( ,wat]1 at ,messrs4 ,/eel & ,/eph5s's ,copp] ,workh\se1 ne> ! ,falkon-,/airs1 ,s\?w>k4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done1 0 to f9d out ! prop] ,size ( ! ,diamet] ( ! ,copp] ,air-box4 ,! ,diamet] ( ! ,/ill1 ne> its ,bottom1 be+ #ai ,in*es1 ! ,diamet] ( ! fir/ ,air-box 0 #ah ,in*es4 ,on ?ree sev]al ,trials1 a ,w9*e/] ,qu>t ( ,wat] 0 di/ill$ 9 five ,m9utes by ! common way ( ,di/illation2 & by ,v5tilation a ,qu>t 01 9 #c or #d ,trials1 di/ill$ 9 #b ,m9utes2 b at ! ,di/illation ( ! n9? ,qu>t1 ! ,wat] 0 s mu* cool$ by ! v5tilat+ ,%[]s ( asc5d+ ,air1 z to require #e ,m9utes & #dd ,seconds4 ,n[ ?is great ,decrease ( ! ,quantities di/ill$1 0 pla9ly ow+ to ! too great ,bread? ( ! ,air-box1 :i* h9d]$ ! ,fire f heat+ & keep+ hot ! ,wat] :i* 0 above x1 to su* a ,degree1 z to h no ,di/illation 9 ! common way1 = #h or #aj ,m9utes aft] ! ,v5tilations2 = ! half ,in* ,circle ( ,wat] :i* 0 n cov]$ by ! ,air-box1 0 b "o n9ete5? ,"p ( ! :ole4 ,! next ,trial1 9 ! same ,/ill1 0 made ) an ,air-box1 ^: ,diamet] 0 #ac ,in*es1 its ,area !re=e #abg squ>e ,in*es2 :i* d$uct$ f #bga squ>e ,in*es1 ! :ole ,area or ,bread? ( t "p ( ! ,/ill1 !re rema9s #add squ>e ,in*es1 = ! ,area ( ! ?ree ,in* broad annul> ,circle r\nd ! ,air-box1 viz4 #ag squ>e ,in*es m ?an ! ,area ( ! ,air-box4 ,! ,ev5t 01 t 9 sev5 ,di/illations 9 ! common way1 a ,qu>t 0 di/ill$ 9 #e ,m9utes1 sometimes 9 a little less1 & sometimes 9 a long] ,"t4 ,& by ,v5tilation #ad diff]5t ,qu>ts 7 di/ill$ 9 diff]5t ,l5g?s ( ,"t1 f a ,qu>t 9 #b ,m9utes & #f ,seconds1 to #c or #d ,m9utes4 #gf4 ,i !n repeat$ ! l ,trials ) my small ?ree ,gallon ,/ill1 di/ill+ 9 ! common way a ,p9t 9 #aj & #i ,m9utes2 & sev5 sep>ate ,p9ts 7 di/ill$ by ,v5tilation 9 #c to #d ,m9utes4 ,h5ce we see t ,v5tilation has a m /$dy & con/ant good ,effect :]e ! ,air-box is less 9 ,proportion to ! ,/ill1 ?an x 0 9 ! o!r two ,di/illations3 ,= 9 ?is less] ,/ill1 only #bg out ( #ii squ>e ,in*es 7 v5tilat$1 #gb squ>e ,in*es be+ unv5tilat$4 ,x w !re=e probably be advisable to h ! ,air-boxes ( o!r ,/ills to be ne>ly 9 ! l ,proportion to ! respective ,/ills1 ! ,diamet] ( ?is ,/ill be+ #aa ,in*es1 ( its ,air-box #f ,in*es4 #gg4 ,z by repeat$ ,trials a ,qu>t ( ,wat] 0 di/ill$ 9 ! common way 9 five ,m9utes1 9 ! above-m5tion$ tw5ty ,gallon ,/ill1 s an #abj1 or two ,tuns & #ad ,gallons1 may be di/ill$ by ,v5tilation 9 tw5ty ,h\rs4 #gh4 ,mr4 ,wy*e1 :o 0 pres5t at ! ,trials ne> ! ,falcon-,/airs1 obs]v+ ! ,wat] 9 ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,worm-tub to be reek+ hot1 ?o' ! ,wat] bel[ x 0 cool1 v rightly propos$ to h ! hot ,wat] run f ! upp] "p ( ! ,worm-tub1 ?ro' a small ,copp] ,pipe1 into ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,/ill1 z fa/ z x 0 di/ill$ (f1 ! runn+ ,quantity ( ,wat] to be adju/$ by a ,turn-cock 9 ! ,pipe4 ,?is ,i tri$ 9 my little ,/ill1 by convey+ ! upp] w>m ,wat] ( ! ,worm-tub into ! ,/ill ?ro' a small ,pipe ,:i* pass$ ?ro' a ,hole 9 ! ,head ( ! ,/ill1 almo/ d[n to ! ,bottom ( ! ,wat] 9 ! ,/ill3 ,my ,reasons = do+ ( :i* 71 viz4 le/ ! less hot ,wat]1 by runn+ on ! ,surface ( ! boil+ ,wat]1 might consid]ably *eck ! ,asc5t ( ! ris+ ,vap\rs2 :]eas1 be+ mix$ & bl5d$ ) ! l[] ,wat]1 x w soon acquire a due ,heat4 ,ano!r ,reason :y ,i *ose to lead ! ent]+ ,rill ( ,wat] s sl[1 01 t x might be intimately mix$ ) ! ,*alk1 :i* is !re 9 an agitat$ ,/ate by reason ( ! ,action ( ! ,fire4 ,! ,ev5t 0 z foll[s1 viz4 t six sep>ate ,p9ts ( ,wat] 7 di/ill$ by ,v5tilation dur+ ! runn+ 9 ( ! w>m ,wat]1 "s 9 #c ,m9utes1 o!rs 9 #d ,m9utes1 #d 1 & #d ,m9utes1 #ej ,seconds1 :i* 0 ! case ( ! second ,p9t4 #gi4 ,h5ce we see ! great ,b5efit ( ?is +5i\s ,improvem5t ( ,mr4 ,wy*e's 9 di/ill+ ,sea-wat]1 :]e ! ,/ill w be fill$ ) ! same ,liquor z ! ,worm-tub2 b ?is ,me?od _c s well be put 9 ,practice 9 o!r ,di/illations4 ,! ,b5efit ( ?us g5tly & incessantly keep+ ! ,/ill full1 w save ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! ,"t & ,fuel1 :i* x w\ld o!rwise require to refill ) cold ,liquor1 & br+ to a di/ill+ ,heat4 ,?is great ,advantage1 add$ to t ( di/ill+ ab\t d\ble ! ,quantity by ,v5tilation1 mu/ ne$s bo? toge!r be ( s great ,improvem5t 9 di/ill+ ?ree ,p>ts 9 f\r m ?an usual1 z w be ( ! greate/ ,b5efit to ,navigation 9 sev]al respects4 ,by ?is means ! ,/ill ne$ be empti$ & cleans$ f ! ,*alk1 & v salt ,wat]1 only at ! end ( ea* daily ,di/illation4 #hj4 ,& :]eas if all ! ,*alk requisite = a :ole ,day's ,di/illation 7 put into ! ,/ill at once1 x might be suspect$ t su* a ,quantity lay+ at ! ,bottom ( ! ,/ill1 might h9d] ! boil+ ( ! ,wat]3 ,i put into a broadly flat-bottom$ sauce-pan1 half an ,in* ,dep? ( p[d]$ ,*alk1 & two ,qu>ts ( ,wat] boil$ 9 t5 ,m9utes3 ,! ,wat] m+l+ freely1 especially 9 ! "t ( boil+1 among ! ?9 pappy ,*alk1 0 freely act$ on by ! ,fire4 ,b z 9 boil+ x fro!d mu*1 x may be prop] to put at fir/ into ! ,/ill only z _m half ,ounces ( ,*alk z !re are ,gallons ( ,wat]2 & aft]w>ds f "t to "t 9 proportion to :at additional ,wat] %all h run into ! ,/ill1 at a ,hole purposely made 9 ! ,head ( ! ,/ill1 tak+ c>e to v5tilate :ile ! ,*alk is putt+ 91 :i* w cause x to mix intimately ) ! ,wat]1 & !reby h ! bett] ,effect on x4 ,& p]haps a less ,proportion ( ,*alk ?an half an ,ounce to a ,gallon ( ,sea-wat] may suffice4 #ha4 ,! ,degree ( ,fulness or ,empt9ess ( ! ,/ill1 may be kn[n by putt+ a small float+ metall9e ,vessel1 9 at ! ,*alk ,hole1 ) a long sl5d] ,wire to x4 #hb4 ,mr4 ,wy*e ?\ght ( o!r ,means ! bett] to promote ,di/illation1 viz4 by convey+ ! ,air f ! ,bell[s ?r\gh a ,pipe ) sev]al spiral ,coiles1 !reby 9 pass+ ?ro' boil+ ,wat] 9 ! ,/ill1 to make ! asc5d+ ,%[]s ( ! ,air ! hott]1 & s ! less refrig]at+4 ,also to h ! w>m ,wat] pass f ! ,worm-tub1 9 a ,pipe1 ) sev]al ! l spiral ,coiles1 9 ! ,head ( ! ,/ill2 !reby ! m to heat ! ent]+ ,wat]4 ,b we f9d1 by ! above-m5tion$ ,exp]im5ts1 t !re is no occasion = ei!r ( !m2 b if want$ may be us$4 #hc4 ,z to ! ,b5efit ( ,v5tilators 9 pres]v+ ! ,heal? & ,lives ( ,p 9 ,slave & o!r ,transport ,%ips1 ,i h receiv$ f>!r ,confirmation ( _! great ,b5efit1 9 a ,lett] f ,dr4 ,dema9bray1 :o has %ewn ,c\rses ( ,exp]im5tal ,philosophy to 8 ,royal ,highness ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales & ,pr9ce ,edw>d1 viz4 8,t 9 ! ,ye> #agec ,v5tilators 7 put into ! ,vessels 9 ! ,slave ,trade at ,bordeaux1 & 9 o!r ,ports ( ,france2 ! happy ,effect ( :i* 01 t in/ead ( ! ,loss ( "o-f\r? ( ^? valuable ,c>goes1 9 long ,passages f ,africa to ! ,fr5* ,plantations1 ! ,loss seldom exce$$ a tw5tie?4 ,& s9ce my ,return to ,engl&1 ,i h be5 in=m$ ( a ,fr5* ,vessel1 :i* by ?is self-evid5tly reasonable ,precaution1 sav$ #cjh out ( #cab ,slaves1 spite ( mo/ t$i\s ,calms & a long ,passage40 ,& ,dr4 ,g>d51 9 8 ,lett] to me1 dat$ ,*>les-,t[n1 ,s\?-,c>ol9a1 ,m>* #bd?1 #agef1 says1 viz4 8,x is inde$ v wond]ful1 t ! ,slave ,m]*ants d n come into ! ,use ( ,v5tilators4 ,!re are few ,%ips come "h f ,africa1 7ev5 ?\gh !y call = fre% ,provisions & ,wat] at ! ,isl&s7 b h _h _m ( _! ,c>goe ?r[n ov]bo>d2 "s "o-f\r?1 "s "o-?ird1 "s lose half2 & ,i h se5 "s t h lo/ two-?irds ( _! ,slaves4 ,i h (t5 gone to visit ^! ,vessels on _! fir/ ,arrival1 9 ord] to make a ,report ( _! ,/ate ( ,heal? to ! ,gov]nor & ,c\ncil2 b ,i nev] yet 0 on bo>d "o1 t did n smell mo/ (f5sive & noisome4 ,:at f ,fil?1 putrid ,air1 putrid ,dys5t]ies 7:i* is _! common ,disord]7 x is a wond] any escape ) ,life40 #hd4 ,a probable ,means lately occurr$ to my ,?\ghts1 ?o' n p]fectly to cure1 yet mu* to abate ! great ,degrees ( /9k+ ( ! ,bilge-wat] 9 ! ,well ( ,%ips1 viz4 by lay+ at ! ,bottom ( ! ,bilge-wat]1 r\nd ! ,ma9-ma/1 ,copp] ,pipes full ( v small ,holes1 n "o tw5tie? ( an ,in* 9 ,diamet]2 & bl[+ ,%[]s ( ,air up ?ro' !m f small ,black-smi?'s ,bell[s1 fix$ out ( ! way1 )9 ! ,well4 ,su* ,bell[s may be work$ ) great ,ease1 = "o1 two1 or ?ree qu>t]s ( an ,h\r1 9 e #bd ,h\rs1 m or less1 z %all be f\nd requisite by ,exp]i5ce3 ,b ) ?is ,precaution1 t :5ev] ! ,wat] /9ks mu*1 fir/ to pump x out ( ! ,%ip1 & aft] lett+ 9 sweet ,wat]1 !n to v5tilate x a little n[ & !n1 z %all be f\nd ne$ful2 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to v5tilate v /9k+ ,wat]1 because x may increase ! ,un:olsom5ess ( ! f\l ,air 9 ,%ips4 ,by ?is means ,%ips w probably be made some?+ less unheal?y2 = ! putrid ,vap\rs :i* arise f /9k+ ,wat]1 mu/ ne$s greatly contribute to increase ! ,putridness1 & consequ5tly ! ,noxi\sness ( ! f\l ,air 9 ,%ips4 ,?is ,precaution !re=e1 ) ,v5tilators frequ5tly to convey (f ! close f\l ,air1 w be effectual ,means to make ,%ips mu* m heal?y2 z w ! *ang+ ! f\l ,air 9 ,goals1 ,hospitals1 & sick ,rooms1 ) prop] ,precautions1 make !m m :olsome3 ,& x is ) pleasure t ,i obs]ve1 t ^! salut>y ,means are com+ m 9 use 9 ,hospitals1 c4 ei!r by means ( ,v5tilators1 or by admitt+ fre% ,air 9 small ,quantities1 & ^? spread 9 ?9 ,%eets1 s z n to h ! ent]+ ,air bl[ directly on1 & incommode ! ,pati5ts4 ,:]e x c be _h1 a ?or\gh ,air ent]+ on "o side1 & pass+ out on ! o!r side ( ,w>ds or ,rooms1 w be be/2 because ! ,*ange w be almo/ con/ant1 & may be z gradual & g5tle z we please4 ,i %all give a m p>ticul> ,acc\nt ( ?is 9 my second ,volume ( ,v5tilators4 #he4 ,z to ! cur+ ! ill ,ta/e ( ,milk f ! ,food ( ,c[s2 & also cur+ mu/y ,liquors1 ,i made ! foll[+ ,trials1 viz4 ,:5 9 ! ,beg9n+ ( ,m>* ! ,turnips _h made l>ge ,%oots1 & 7 !reby become v rancid1 two ,c[s be+ f$ ) ,turnips only = sev5 ,days1 _! ,milk _h a v disagreeable ,smell & ,ta/e4 ,on v5tilat+ x scald+ hot1 ) asc5d+ ,%[]s ( ,air1 at fir/ ! ill ,smell increas$1 b 9 two ,m9utes t ,smell 0 mu* abat$2 & ) five ,m9utes ,v5tilation1 !re 0 only ! common ,smell ( good ,milk2 :i* %[s t ! rancid ,oil ( ,turnips1 :i* gives ! ill ,ta/e1 is v volatile3 ,aft] t5 ,m9utes ,v5tilation1 !re 0 no ill ,ta/e or ,smell2 & x 0 ! same aft] #ae & #cj ,m9utes ,v5tilation4 ,by ?is means !re=e ! ill ,ta/e ( ,milk f "s ,food ( ,c[s1 may easily be cur$4 ,exp]i5ce w %[ :at ,degrees ( ,v5tilation w be requisite = l>g] ,quantities ( ,milk2 z also = cur+ ! ill ,ta/es f diff]5t ,k9ds ( ,food2 z also f ! %ort] & long] ,times ( fe$+ on su* ,foods4 ,x is obs]vable t ! ,brea? ( ^! ,c[s 0 disagreeable2 :5ce we see h[ freely contagi\s ,infections may be convey$ ?r\gh ! ,lungs1 f ta9t$ putresc5t ,blood4 #hf4 ,a ,c[ hav+ be5 f$ = sixty ,h\rs ) a good ,quantity ( ,cr[ ,g>lick1 mix$ ) cut ,grass1 t[>ds ! end ( ,june1 ! ,milk _h a v disagreeable ,smell & ,ta/e2 :i* 0 n cur$1 ?\gh some?+ bett]1 aft] #cj ,m9utes ,v5tilation1 :ile scald+ hot4 ,i repeat$ ! same ,v5tilations = #ae ,m9utes1 ) ! two foll[+ ,ev5+ & ,morn+ ,milks ( ! same ,c[1 viz4 #ab & #bd ,h\rs aft] ! ,c[ _h left (f eat+ ,cr[-,g>lick2 at :i* times ! ill ,ta/e & ,smell 0 s5sibly abat$ be=e ,v5tilation1 & some?+ m aft] x1 yet 0 f> f be+ cur$4 ,h5ce we see t ! ill ,ta/e & ,smell ( ! ,cr[-,g>lick ,milk1 _c ?us be cur$1 ?o' some:at am5d$4 ,! ill ,ta/e ( ?is ,c['s ,milk cont9u$ = ab\t five ,days aft] %e _h left (f eat+ ( ! ,cr[-,g>lick4 ,& p]haps :]e ,c[s h eat5 b a small ,quantity ( x1 ! ,abatem5t ( ! ill ,ta/e may be s consid]able1 z to recomp5ce ! ,tr\ble ( v5tilat+ x4 ,z ,opportunities (f]1 ,i w make ! l ,trials1 ) o!r ill-ta/$ ,milks1 su* z t f autumnal ,leaves1 c4 & hope t o!rs w d ! l4 #hg4 ,cream or ,milk ,sillabubs may mo/ commodi\sly & easily be made 9 ,pl5ty1 9 a few ,m9utes1 by means ( a small ,t9 ,air-box1 ?ree ,in*es 9 diamet]1 & ?ree qu>t]s ( an ,in* deep2 ! flat ,bottom ( ! ,pot1 :i* conta9s ! ,cream or ,milk1 to be b little wid] ?an ! ,air-box1 t ! ,air f ! ,box may ! bett] come at x3 ,b ! wid] & deep] ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,pot is1 s mu* ! bett]1 = ! ,fro? exp&s mu*4 #hh4 ,scald+-hot mu/y ,v9eg> 0 cur$ by repeat$ ,trials1 ( ne> ?ree ,gallons 9 ea* ,trial1 by t5 ,m9utes ,v5tilation4 ,& giv+ ,v9eg> a scald+ ,heat1 does n weak5 or damage x1 z x does ,w9e1 ^: v9\s ,_s is c>ri$ (f bo? by ,heat & ,v5tilation2 = :5 "s /rong mu/y ,rais9 ,w9e 0 v5tilat$ hot1 x 0 cur$ 9 five ,m9utes3 ,b ! v9\s ,_s1 :i* /rongly affect$ ! ,nose 9 fly+ (f dur+ ,v5tilation1 be+ gone (f1 ! vapid ,w9e w\ld n k9dle into a ,blaze1 :5 ?r[n into ! ,fire1 z x did to a great ,degree be=e x 0 heat$ & v5tilat$4 ,nei!r mu/y ,w9e nor ,v9eg> 7 cur$1 ?o' some?+ bett]$ by #cj ,m9utes ,v5tilation1 :5 cold4 #hi4 ,mr4 ,jones1 a ,*emi/ 9 ,cranb\rn-,ally1 ,leice/]-,squ>e1 v5tilat$ a ,gallon ( ,pro( ,malt ,spirits #ae ,m9utes cold1 9 :i* "t x wa/$ two ,ounces & half2 :]eas a l ,quantity ( common cold ,wat] wa/$ b half an ,ounce 9 #ae ,m9utes ,v5tilation1 viz4 b "o-fif? "p ( :at ! ,spirits did2 & ! same ,spirits v5tilat$ hot1 wa/$ no less ?an #e ,ounces 9 #e ,m9utes2 :i* ,v5tilation made !m s5sibly bett] ta/$ ?an ! unv5tilat$4 ,b ! great ,wa/e %[s t ^! volatile v9\s ,spirits1 ought n to be v5tilat$1 nei!r hot nor cold4 ,besides t1 ! #ae ,m9utes cold ,v5tilation _h b little ,effect 9 bett]+ ! ,_s4 #ij4 ,9 ord] to "k :e!r ,fi% 9 a ,vessel ( ,wat] w\ld live ! long] = hav+ ,%[]s ( ,air bl[n up ?ro' ! ,wat]1 ,may #be1 #agef1 at sev5 9 ! ,morn+1 ! ,w9d ,n4 ,e4 ! ,m]cury 9 ,f>5heit's ,!rmomet]1 #ej ,degrees1 & x cont9u$ s cold1 t at "o o'clock x rose b to #fj ,degrees2 ,i put twelve ,dace into a ,pail ,a 9 two ,gallons ( fre% ,pond-,wat]1 ?ro' :i* a ,/ream ran1 & twelve m into a ,pail ,b1 ) ! l ,quantity ( ,wat]2 "o ( :i* ,fi%es 9 ,b 0 sick1 z appe>$ by turn+ its ,belly upw>ds2 z 7 also two ,fi%es 9 ! ,pail ,a1 :i* 0 occasion$ by be+ all br\ght 9 a ,pail above half a ,mile f ! ,?ames4 #ia4 ,at #de ,m9utes pa/ #h1 mo/ ( ! ,fi% 9 ! ,pail ,b1 7 turn$ ,belly upw>ds1 & lay z dead2 at #cj ,m9utes pa/ #i sev5 ( !m 7 dead2 at #cj ,m9utes pa/ #aa all b ?ree 7 dead2 at two o'clock b two ,fi% rema9 alive 9 ,b2 :i* rema9$ alive1 ?o' sick1 at t5 t ,night1 viz4 at ! end ( #ad ,h\rs4 #ib4 ,! good ,effect ( bl[+ e qu>t] ( an ,h\r1 ) #be ,/rokes ea* "t ) d\ble ,bell[s1 ,%[]s ( fre% ,air up ?ro' ! ,wat]1 01 viz4 !y all cont9u$ well1 & ! l>g] ( ! two sick ,fi% recov]$2 b ! less] di$ at #d o'clock1 viz4 at ! end ( n9e ,h\rs2 ^u ea* ,v5tilation x turn$ its ,back upw>ds2 b soon aft] ! ,v5tilations1 x con/antly fell precipitate ) its ,head =emo/1 to ! ,bottom1 & !re turn$ ,belly upw>ds4 ,aft] #d o'clock ! v5tilat$ ,wat] fro!d ) l>g] ,bubbles1 ?is ow+ to ! ,slime ( ! ,fi%4 ,! la/ ,v5tilation 0 at #aj at ,night1 :5 ! ,fi% 9 ! v5tilat$ ,wat] 7 well1 & w\ld probably h long cont9u$ s by ! ,salut>9ess ( ,v5tilation2 b t be+ discont9u$1 !y 7 all f\nd dead ! next ,morn+1 except "o :i* _h "s small ,degree ( ,life4 #ic4 ,june #g1 ! ,w9d ,s4 ,w4 cl\dy1 ! ,!rmomet] at #eh ,degrees1 #ac live ,gudgeons 7 put into two ,gallons ( fre% ,pond-wat] 9 a ,pail ,a2 & a l ,numb] into a ,pail ,b1 at #aj ,m9utes be=e #g 9 ! ,morn+4 ,at #ej ,m9utes pa/ #g1 two 9 ,b began to be sick2 at #h1 half ( !m came up = ,air1 & %[$ ,uneas9ess2 at #ae ,m9utes pa/ #h two are dead2 at #cj ,m9utes pa/ #h1 eight m turn$ ,belly upw>ds2 at #h ,m9utes pa/ #i1 five are dead 9 ,b1 & five m sick2 at #cj ,m9utes pa/ #i1 sev5 are dead1 & f\r sick1 two well2 & #cj ,m9utes pa/ #aj1 eight are dead2 at #aa two only alive1 & also well1 ?\gh !y %[$ "s ,uneas9ess by _! rais+ _! ,m\? to ! ,surface1 :i* !y cont9u$ to d till n9e1 :5 !y 7 tak5 out ( ! ,wat]4 ,h5ce we see1 by ?is1 & ! prec$+ ,exp]im5t on ,dace1 t "o or two ,fi% may be kept alive _m ,h\rs long] ?an a great] ,numb] c be1 by means ( ! small ,portion ( fre% ,air1 t is cont9ually mix+ ) ! ,wat]1 on :i* x presses4 #id4 ,! ,wat] 9 ! ,pail ,a 0 v5tilat$ f #aj ,m9utes be=e #g1 to #f 9 ! ,ev5+1 by bl[+ e qu>t] ( an ,h\r ,%[]s ( fre% ,air up ?ro' x1 ) #be ,/rokes ( ! ,bell[s2 by :i* means ! ,fi% cont9u$ all well1 lay+ quiet at ! ,bottom3 ,at six we ceas$ to v5tilate2 = an ,h\r & half aft] :i*1 !re 0 no ,signs ( ,sickness1 aft] two ,h\rs two ( !m %[$ ,signs ( ,uneas9ess2 & at n9e mo/ ( ! ,fi%es turn$ ,belly upw>ds1 & lay at ! ,bottom dead or dy+4 ,by comp>+ ?is ,ev5t ) t at eight 9 ! ,morn+1 we see !re is m ,air 9 ?is v5tilat$ ,wat] ?an 9 ! ,pond-wat]1 z is probable by ! ,gudgeons liv+ long] 9 x )\t ,v5tilation1 ?an 9 ! ,pond-wat]4 ,& accord+ly ! specific ,gravity ( unv5tilat$ ,pump ,well-wat]1 0 a v small ,matt] great]1 ?an t ( ! same1 aft] be+ v5tilat$ ) #ajj ,/rokes ( ! ,bell[s1 z ,i f\nd by ! ,hydromet]2 & !re 0 ne>ly ! same ,diff]5ce betwe5 ! specific ,gravity ( unv5tilat$ & v5tilat$ ,table ,be]4 #ie4 ,?o' f ^! ,exp]im5ts x is manife/1 t ,fi% die = want ( con/ant ,supplies ( fre% ,air 9 ! ,wat]1 yet :5 tak5 out ( ! ,wat] v lively1 !y soon die1 not)/&+ ! ,surfaces ( _! ,gills are !n expos$ to ! imm$iate ,contact ( ! ,air2 :i* %[s t ei!r ! ,air does n ent] f ! ,gills to ! ,blood1 f ! op5 ,air1 z x does f ! ,wat]2 or t ! ,circulation ( ! ,blood is /opp$ by ex*ang+ _! prop] ,elem5t1 ,wat]1 = ,air2 z ! ,circulation ( ! ,blood ( ,l& ,animals is soon /opp$ by imm]s+ f ,air into ,wat]4 #if4 ,h5ce we see ! ,b5efit ( frequ5tly repl5i%+ ! ,wat] ) fre% ,air1 :i* we f9d is necess>y n only to pres]ve ! ,life ( ,l& ,animals1 b also ( ,fi%2 z also ! ,use ( _! ,gills1 to spread 9 ?9 ,%eets fre% ,supplies ( ,wat]1 t !y may ! bett] come at ! ,air 9 ! ,wat]2 = :i* ,purpose bo? ,sides ( _! ,gills are furr[$ ) _m f9e ,furr[s1 n only !reby to enl>ge _! ,surfaces1 b also m m9utely to divide ! ,wat]1 :]eby to come at ! ,air 9 x4 #ig4 ,:5ce we may reasonably inf]1 h[ requisite x is1 9 ord] to keep ! ,blood 9 a salut>y ,/ate1 to h almo/ con/ant ,supplies ( ! ,brea? ( ,life1 fre% ,air1 to mix ) x3 ,= if ! pr9cipal ,use ( ! ,gills 7 only to cool1 & *urn1 & comm9ute ! ,blood1 ,wat] devoid ( ,air c\ld z well p]=m t ,(fice1 z ,wat] repleat ) fre% ,air4 ,x mu/ !re=e be ( ,importance = all ,animals to h s necess>y a vital ,fluid fre% & pure1 & n f\l & putrid4 #ih4 ,a ,fi%]man in=m+ me t ! ,fi% 7 apt to die 9 ! ,well-boats1 x occurr$ to me t x might1 9 a good measure1 be rem$i$1 by fix+ upright a ,bo>d ( a prop] ,bread? at ! ,outside ( ! ,boat1 z long z ! ,well is deep1 on t side ( ! ,well :i* is next to ! ,/]n1 & op5+ at an ,angle ( ab\t #de ,degrees t[>ds ! ,head2 :i*1 by *eck+ ! ,c\rse ( ! ,/ream ( ! ,riv] ne> ! ,boat1 w raise ! ,wat] a little1 & !reby cause x to run into ! ,well on t ,side1 & out on ! o!r ,side ( ! ,boat2 & ! ,run ( ! ,wat] ?ro' ! ,well1 w be m accel]at$1 if a l ,bo>d is fix$ 9 ! same mann] on ! o!r side ( ! ,boat at ! ,side ( ! ,well next to ! ,head ( ! ,boat1 b op5+ t[>ds ! ,/]n at an ,angle ( #de ,degrees1 by :i* means ! ,wat] w be l[]$ on ?is1 z mu* z x is rais$ on ! o!r ,side ( ! ,boat4----,ano!r ,means to h a brisk] ,curr5t ( ,wat] ?ro' ! ,well1 w\ld be to moor ! ,boat 9 a fix$ ,position across ! ,/ream :5 x c conv5i5tly be done4 ,i am in=m$ t !re are ,passages f ,head to ,/]n1 = ! ,wat] to pass freely ?ro' ! ,fi%-,well ( "s ,vessels4 ,we see1 f ! ,ev5t ( ! above ,exp]im5ts1 ! ,importance ( frequ5tly *ang+ ! ,wat] 9 ! ,fi%-,well ( ,%ips1 especially :5 !re are _m ,fi%es 9 x4 ,h5ce also we see h[ salut>y x is to ,fi%1 to h ! ,surface ( ! ,wat] agitat$ into ,waves by ,w9ds1 :]eby ,pl5ty ( fre% ,air ent]s1 & is bl5d$ ) ! ,wat]4 ,,f9is4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,a numb] ( typographical errors 7 correct$ sil5tly4 ,new orig9al cov] art includ$ ) ?is e,book is grant$ to ! public doma94