,,tusayan ,,katc9as ,,by ,,jesse ,,walt] ,,fewkes ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,annual ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,bureau ,,( ,,e?nology ,illu/ration ,,wa%+ton ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice #ahig ,,cont5ts ,page ,introduction #bea ,tabul> view ( ! sequ5ce ( ,tusayan celebrations #bee ,names ( mon?s & correspond+ c]emonials #bef ,means ( det]m9+ ! "t = c]emonials #beh ,classification ( c]emonials #bfj ,discussion ( previ\s descriptions ( ,katc9as #bfd ,classification ( ,katc9as #bfe ,elaborate ,katc9as #bfh ,soylua #bfh ,katc9a's return #bgc ,p[m #bgd ,pllkoti #bia ,nimnkatc9a #bib ,abbreviat$ ,katc9as #bib ,*>act]i/ics #bib ,soclako #bif ,pawkkatc9a #bii akatc9a #cjc ,comp>ative /udy ( ,katc9a dances 9 ,cibola & ,tusayan #cjd ,,illu/rations ,page ,,plate ,,civ4 ,a1 ,%ield ) /> symbol2 ,b1 ,soylua %ield ) /> & unkn[n symbol2 ,c1 ,symbolic sun %ield #bfb ,,cv4 ,! ,natcka c]emony at ,walpi #bfg ,,cvi4 ,hahawqti1 ,natcka1 & ,soykmana #bgb ,,cvii4 ,doll ( ,clakomana #bgh ,,cviii4 ,katc9a mask ) squa%-blossom app5dage & ra9-cl\d symbolism #bhf ,,cix4 ,doll ( ,clakomana 7mi/ak5ly giv5 on ! plate z ,clakotaka7 #bid ,,cx4 ,head-dress ( ,alosaka #cja ,,cxi4 ,a ,p[m mask #cjf ,,figure #ci4 ,tablet ( ! ,palahkomana mask #bfb #dj4 ,! akatc9a #bid #da4 ,maskette ( akatc9amana #bie #db4 ,position ( celebrants 9 ! c\rt ( ,sitcomovi 9 ,soclako #bih #dc4 ,mask ( ,pawkkatc9a 7front view7 #bii #dd4 ,mask ( ,pawkkatc9a 7side view7 #cjj #de4 ,mask ( ,pawkkatc9amana #cja #df4 ,/aff ( ,pawkkatc9a #cja #dg4 ,helmets1 e> ( corn1 & spruce b\gh arrang$ = reception c]emony #cjb #dh4 ,symbolism ( ! helmet ( ,hmiskatc9a 7tablet remov$7 #cjg ,,! ,,gr\p ,,( ,,tusayan ,,c]emonials ,,call$ ,,katc9as#a ,by ,,jesse ,,walt] ,,fewkes ,,introduction ,9 _! use ( ! ^w ,katc9a#b ! ,hopi or ,moki apply ! t]m to sup]natural be+s imp]sonat$ by m5 we>+ masks or by /atuettes 9 imitation ( ! same4 ,! dances 9 :i* ! =m] appe> are likewise call$ by ! same "n :i* ) ! or?ography 8,ca*5a0 is us$ 9 descriptions ( ^! dances 9 ! valley ( ! upp] ,rio ,gr&e4 ,! pres5t use ( ! t]m among ! ,tusayan ,indians leads me to consid] x z almo/ a synonym ( a sup]natural be+ ( subord9ate rank to ! great deities4 ,ance/ral wor%ip plays a n inconspicu\s "p 9 ! ,hopi conception ( a ,katc9a4 ,:5 we endeavor to classify ! c]emonials :i* =m ! ritual practic$ by ! ,tusayan villag]s1 ! subject is f\nd to be s complex t x c be adequately treat$ only by ! help ( obs]vations ext5d+ ?r\gh _m ye>s4 ,! plan :i* ,i h foll[$ 9 my "w1 z w be se5 9 previ\s publications1 has be5 to ga!r & record data 9 reg>d to ! details ( individual obs]vances z a basis = g5]alization4 ,my =m] publications on ?is subject h !re=e be5 simply records ( obs]vations4#c ,= v>i\s reasons x has seem$ well to anticipate a f9al & g5]al acc\nt & int]pretation1 ) t5tative ef=ts at a classification to s]ve z a /epp+-/one to a m exhau/ive & complete discussion ( ! relation%ip ( ^! obs]vances1 :i* w\ld naturally appe> 9 an elaborate memoir necessitat+ a broad] me?od ( treatm5t ?an any yet adopt$4 ,at ! pres5t /age ( my rese>*es x w\ld be too e>ly to write su* an acc\nt ( ! c]emonial cal5d> ( ! ,tusayan villag]s1 b x has be5 deem$ well to put on record1 ) _m new obs]vations1 ?is prelim9>y outl9e ( :at may be a portion ( a g5]al sy/em1 to aid o!r inve/igators 9 k9dr$ fields ( /udy4 ,:5 ,i began my "w1 f\r ye>s ago1 ! task ( br++ ord] out ( :at appe>$ to be a hopeless confusion seem$ well nigh impossible1 b z "o c]emony aft] ano!r 0 /udi$ x 0 f\nd t ! exactness ( ! ritual z exemplifi$ 9 c]emonial pres5tations p]ta9$ ev5 to details1 & t !re 0 a logical connection runn+ ?r\gh\t all ! religi\s obs]vances ( ! ,tusayan ,indians1 ! pres5tations ( :i* 7 practically little influ5c$ by :ite races ) :om ! p _h be5 br\ght 9 contact4 ,z ^! c]emonials 7 /udi$ m sympa!tically ,i discov]$ a unity ?r\gh\t !m :i*1 :atev] _! orig9 may h be51 plac$ !m 9 m>k$ contra/ to ^? ( ! nomads by :om !y 7 surr\nd$4 ,!y 7 f\nd to belong to a type or c]emonial area 9 :i* ! o!r ,pueblos are embrac$1 ! aff9ities ( :i* c>ry u into diff]5t geographic regions ( ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,b :ile ?is type diff]s or diff]$ 9 anci5t times f ^? ( ,a?apascan or ,%o%onean aborig9es1 x be>s evid5ce ( a composite nature4 ,x _h become s by contributions f _m s\rces1 & _h 9 turn left its impress on o!r areas1 s t z a type ! ,pueblo culture 0 ! only "o ( its k9d 9 aborig9al ,am]ica4 ,) /rong aff9ities on all sides x 0 unique1 hav+ ne>e/ k9%ip ) ^? ( ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,! geographic ext5sion ( ! ,pueblo type ( culture 0 no d\bt =m]ly mu* great] ?an x is at ! pres5t "t4 ,:at its orig9al b\nd>ies 7 future inve/igation w no d\bt help u to decide1 b ! problem at pres5t be=e u is ! det]m9ation ( its *>act]i/ics z a survival 9 our times4 ,:5 once ?is is satisfactorily kn[n1 & n until !n1 c we advance ) confid5ce to wid] g5]alizations z to its pa/ di/ribution & (f] !ories reg>d+ its aff9ities ) o!r c]emonial areas ( ! ,am]ican race4 ,x is d\btless true t we are n progress+ beyond :at c be claim$ to be kn[n :5 we say t all ! ,pueblo peoples belong to ! same c]emonial type4 ,i am sure t 9 prehi/oric & hi/oric times delegations f ! ,rio ,gr&e c\ntry h settl$ among ! ,tusayan villag]s1 & t _m families ( ! latt] h migrat$ back to ! ,rio ,gr&e aga9 to make p]man5t homes 9 t section4 ,! mo/ we/]n & ! mo/ ea/]n peoples ( ?is ,pueblo culture-/ock h be5 repeat$ly unit$ 9 m>riage1 br++ ab\t a consequ5t comm+l+ ( blood1 & ! leg5ds ( bo? tell ( _! common "*4 ,x is too e>ly 9 rese>* to inject into sci5ce ! idea t ! ,pueblos are modifi$ ,indians ( o!r /ocks1 & we out/rip our k ( facts if we ascribe to any "o village or gr\p ( villages ! implication involv$ 9 ! expression1 8,fa!r ( ! ,pueblos40 ,"p ( ! ,pueblo culture is auto*?onal1 b its g]m may h orig9at$ else:]e1 & no "o exi/+ ,pueblo p is able satisfactorily to support ! claim t x is ance/ral outside ( a v limit$ area4 ,9 ! pres5t article ,i h tri$ to pres5t a picture ( "o ( ! two great natural gr\ps ( c]emonials into :i* ! ,tusayan ritual is divid$4 ,i h s\ght also to lay a f\ndation = comp>ative /udies ( ! same gr\p z x exi/s 9 o!r pueblos1 b h n f\nd suffici5t data 9 reg>d to ^! celebrations 9 o!r villages to c>ry ?is comp>ative rese>* v f>4 ,not)/&+ ^! dances occur 9 mo/ ( ! pueblos1 ! publi%$ data ab\t !m is too meag] = comp>ative uses4 ,no connect$ description ( ^! c]emonies 9 o!r pueblos has be5 publi%$2 ( !oretical explanations we h m ?an are pr(itable4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! ev]-increas+ int]e/ 9 ! c]emonials ( ! ,pueblos ( ! s\?we/ w lead to didactic1 exot]ic acc\nts ( ! rituals ( all ^! peoples1 = a great field = rese>* 9 ?is direction is yet to be till$4 ,9 ! use1 ?r\gh\t ?is article1 ( ! words 8gods10 8deities10 & 8wor%ip0 we und\bt$ly end[ ! subject ) conceptions :i* d n exi/ 9 ! ,indian m9d1 b spr+ f philosophic ideas result+ f our high] culture4 ,= ! fir/ two ! m cumb]some t]m 8sup]natural be+s0#d is m expressive1 & ! ^w 8_s0 is p]haps m conv5i5t1 except f ! fact t x likewise has come to h a def9ite mean+ unkn[n to ! primitive m9d4 ,wor%ip1 z we und]/& x1 is n a prop] t]m to use 9 ! description ( ! ,indian's me?ods ( approa*+ 8 sup]nal be+s4 ,x involves mu* :i* is unkn[n to him1 & implies ! exi/5ce ( t :i* is =eign to 8 conceptions4 ,/ill1 until "s bett] nom5clature1 m exactly def9+ 8 me?ods1 is sugge/$1 ^! t]ms f _! conv5i5ce w /ill cont9ue 9 common use4 ,! dramatic elem5t :i* is ascrib$ to ! ,katc9a#e ritual is m prom95t 9 ! elaborate ?an 9 ! abbreviat$ pres5tations1 z w\ld naturally be ! case1 b ev5 !re x is believ$ to be less /rik+ ?an 9 ! second gr\p or ^? 9 :i* ! p]=m]s are )\t masks4 ,!re exi/s 9 ,hopi my?ology _m /ories ( ! old times :i* =m an accompany+ body ( tradition expla9+ mu* ( ! symbolism & "s ( ! ritual1 b n[h]e h ,i f\nd ! sequ5ce ( ! c]emonials to closely correspond ) ! episodes ( ! my?4 ,9 ! ,snake or ! ,flute dramatizations ?is co9cid5ce ( my? & ritual is m /rik+1 b 9 !m x has n gone s f> z to be comp>able ) religi\s dramatizations ( m cultur$ peoples4 ,among ! ,katc9as1 h[ev]1 x is m obscure or ev5 v limit$4 ,:ile an abbreviat$ ,katc9a may be reg>d$ z a reproduction ( ! celebrations rec\nt$ 9 leg5ds ( times :5 real sup]natural be+s visit$ ! pueblos1 & ?us dramatizes semimy?ic /ories1 ,i fail to see aught else 9 !m ( ! dramatic elem5t4 ,! *>act]i/ic symbolism is prescrib$ & /rictly con=ms to ! leg5ds4 ,explanations ( :y ea* ,katc9a is m>k$ ?is or t way c be ga!r$ f leg5ds1 b ! cont9u\s c>ry+ out ( ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts 9 ! life ( any ,katc9a1 or any /ory ( creation or migration1 did n appe> 9 any abbreviat$#f ,katc9a :i* 0 /udi$4 ,9 ?is subdivision a dramatic elem5t is pres5t1 b only 9 ! crude/ =m4 ,9 ! elaborate ,katc9as1 h[ev]1 we f9d an advance 9 ! am\nt ( dramatization1 or an attempt to repres5t a /ory or p>ts ( ! same4 ,?us we c 9 ,soylua foll[ a dramatic pres5tation ( ! leg5d ( ! conflict ( ! sun ) ho/ile deities or p[]s1 9 :i* bo? are p]sonifi$4 ,i mu/ plead ignorance ( ! esot]ic aspect ( ! ,tusayan conceptions ( ! ,katc9as :5 su* exi/s4 ,?is want ( k is immat]ial1 = ! object ( ?is article is simply to record :at has be5 se5 & goes no fur!r4 ,i w n say t a complete acc\nt ( ! ,katc9as c be giv5 by su* a treatm5t1 & d n "k h[ mu* or h[ little ( _! esot]ism has elud$ me1 b ^! obs]vations are :olly exot]ic records ( ev5ts r ?an esot]ic explanations ( causes4 ,x is ?\ght t su* a treatm5t ( ! subject w be an important contribution to ! appreciation ( explanations :i* x naturally prec$es4 ,al?\gh x seems probable t ! ritual ( primitive man conta9s elem5ts ( a m or less p]fect dramatization ( 8 my?ology1 ,i incl9e to ! op9ion t ! ritual is ! lea/ v>iable & f x has gr[n ! leg5d z we n[ "k x4 ,! "q1 ,:i* came fir/1 my? or ritual8 is outside ! scope ( ?is article4 ,any "o :o has /udi$ ! c]emonial sy/em ( ! ,tusayan ,indians w h notic$ ! pr$om9ance ( great c]emonials 9 w9t]4 ,f h>ve/ "t to plant+ !re is a succession ( celebrations ( mo/ complicat$ & v>i$ nature1 b f plant+ to h>ve/+ all ^! rites are mu* curtail$4 ,! simple/ explanation ( ?is condition w\ld be1 & probably is1 necessity4 ,!re is n "t en\gh to devote to great & elaborate c]emonials :5 ! corn mu/ be c>$ =4 ,"t is !n too preci\s1 b :5 ! corn is high & ! crop is 9 sight1 or dur+ ! long w9t] :5 ! agriculturi/ is at home unemploy$1 !n ! sup]/iti\s m9d has fre$om to c>ry on elaborate rites & obs]vances1 & !n naturally he takes "p 9 ! complex c]emonies4 ,h5ce ! spr+ & e>ly summ] religi\s obs]vances are abbreviat$4 ,al?\gh ! ,pueblo f>m] may ?or\ghly believe 9 8 c]emonial sy/em z efficaci\s1 8 human nature is too practical to consume ! preci\s plant+ "t ) elaborate c]emonials4 ,b :5 he sees t ! crop is com+ & h>ve/ is at h&1 !n he beg9s ! s]ies (1 to him1 magnific5t pageants :i* ext5d f ! latt] "p ( ,augu/ until ,m>* ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,x has be5 prov5 by repeat$ obs]vations ( ! same c]emonials t !re is great con/ancy 9 ! way successive pres5tations ( ! ritual are c>ri$ out ye> aft] ye>4 ,! inevitable modifications result+ f ! dea? ( old prie/s und\bt$ly 9 c\rse ( "t affect individual obs]vances1 b _! ritual is nev] volunt>ily *ang$4 ,! c]emonials :i* ,i h "h & else:]e describ$ 7 n inv5t$ by !m to %[ to me1 nor w any religi\s society ( ! ,hopi at ! pres5t day get up a c]emony to please ! :ite man4 ,ea* obs]vance is traditional & prescrib$ = a c]ta9 "t ( ! ye>4 ,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,sequ5ce ,,( ,,tusayan ,,celebrations#g ,! foll[+ tabul> view ( ! sequ5ce ( c]emonials may aid 9 ! /udy ( ! ,hopi cal5d>1 & indicate ! c]emonials pres5t$ to u = classification3 ,katc9a's return4 ,a#h ,p[m4 ,pllkoti4 ,! abbreviat$ ,katc9as commonly come 9 ! int]val1 & v>y some:at f ye> to ye>4 ,nimn 7,katc9a's dep>ture74 ,snake or ,flute 7alt]nat+74 ,llakoti4 ,b ,mamzrati4 ,wwtcmti#i 7sometimes ,nacnaiya74 ,soylua4 ,mask$ or ,katc9a ,c]emonials ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,decemb] ,janu>y ,febru>y ,m>* ,april-,june ,july ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,soylua4 ,pa4 ,p[m4 ,pllkoti4 ,v>iable ,nimn4 abbreviat$ ,katc9as4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,unmask$ or ,n9e ,days' ,c]emonials ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,augu/ ,septemb] ,octob] ,novemb] ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,snake or ,flute4 ,llakoti4 ,mamzrati4 ,wwtcmti or ,nacnaiya4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,! ,katc9a *ief1 ntiwa1 erects 8 alt> e ye> 9 ! ,mkiva1 b diff]5t kivas by rotation or o!rwise celebrate ! dance ( ! ,nimn by _! appropriate pres5tation1 ?us3 ,! m5 ( ! ,wikwliobikiva celebrat$ ! dance 9 #ahia2 ^? ( ,nacbkiva 9 #ahib2 ^? ( ! lkiva 9 #ahic1 & probably 9 #ahid ! m5 ( ! ,tcivatokiva w p]sonate ! la/ ,katc9a ( ! summ]4 ,x ?us w appe> t ! special sup]natural p]sonage repres5t$ v>ies f ye> to ye> )9 c]ta9 limits1 & ! v>iations mean no?+ m ?an t ! memb]s ( ! diff]5t kivas p>ticipate 9 rotation4 ,,names ,,( ,,mon?s ,,& ,,correspond+ ,,c]emonials ,! ,tusayan names ( ! mon?s are z foll[s3 --------------------------------------- ,mon?s ,c]emonials --------------------------------------- #a4 ,p[miyaw#aj ,p[m4 #b4 cmiyaw ,pllkoti4 #c4 ,kwiyaomiyaw4 #d4 ,hakitonmiyaw4 #e4 ,kelemiyaw4 #f4 ,kyamiyaw ,nimn4 #g4 ,pamiyaw 7,snake1 ,flute47 #h4 ,p[amiyaw ,llakoti4 #i4 ,hkmiyaw #aj4 cmiyaw ,mamzrati4 #aa4 ,kelemiyaw ,wwtcmti4 #ab4 ,kyamiyaw ,soylua4 #ac4 ,pamiyaw ,katc9a's return4 --------------------------------------- ,! second "p ( ! ,octob] 7c7 is said to be call$ ,thoe4 ,if ?is is recogniz$ z a lun> p]iod we w\ld h #ad divisions to ! c]emonial ye>4 ,9 ! ,pamiyaw1 ! ,snake c]emony1 & ! ,katc9a's return1 ! same ,nitiwa 7/ruggle ( maids = b[ls1 etc7 occurs4 ,x w be notic$ t ! five summ] moons h ! same names z ^? ( ! w9t]2 by t ,i d n mean to disc>d ! divisions 8nam$0 & 8nameless10 else:]e us$ on good au?ority4 ,! que/ions reg>d+ ! nom5clature ( ! diff]5t moons & _! numb] are v p]plex+ & n yet satisfactorily answ]$4 ,! det]m9ation ( ! numb] ( moons recogniz$ 9 ! ye> or ! int]val betwe5 ! successive reappe>ance ( ! sun 9 8 h\se 7,twaki7 at ! summ] sol/itial ris+ is a mo/ important "q1 = a satisfactory answ] to :i* my rese>*es ?us f> are insuffici5t4 ,sev]al ( ! prie/s h told me t !re 7 #ac1 z giv5 above2 b o!rs say !re are #ab1 & /ill o!rs1 #ad4 ,! comp>ative e?nologi/1 famili> ) ,mexican cal5d>s1 w\ld be glad to accept ! report t !re 7 #ac1 9 :i* case !re w\ld be introduc$ a rem>kable h>mony betwe5 peoples ak9 9 _m ways4 ,al?\gh1 h[ev]1 !re is good evid5ce t #ac is recogniz$ by "s prie/s1 ! negative evid5ce mu/ be m5tion$1 especially z x is d]iv$ f m5 ^: k ( ,hopi lore ,i h come to respect4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 provisionally foll[$ ! op9ion ( ^? :o hold t ! ,hopi recognize #ac c]emonial mon?s 9 _! cal5d>4 ,if ! second "p ( ! c moon be call$ ,thoe1 we w\ld h #ad moons1 :i* w\ld give #f betwe5 #b ,pwa1 or #b ,pa1 ,kle1 ,ky1 & divide ! c]emonial ye> into two p>ts ( #g moons ea*4 ,! ,katc9a's return 7k9e71 or ! beg9n+ ( ! ,katc9as1 !n occurs 9 ! ,pa moon2 !y end 9 ,ky at ! ,nimn 7la/1 f>ewell74 ,! gr\p ( unmask$ c]emonials 7n9e days7 likewise beg9s at ! ,pa moon 9 ! ,snake or ,flute1 & ends at ! w9t]1 ,ky1 or ,soylua4 ,9 endeavor+ to f9d "s reason = ! simil>ity ( names 9 ! two gr\ps ( mon?s :i* compose ! c]emonial ye> ,i h ?is int]e/+ h9t1 dropp$ by "o ( ! prie/s3 8,:5 we ( ! upp] _w10 he said1 8are celebrat+ ! w9t] ,pa moon ! p ( ! "u _w are engag$ 9 ! obs]vance ( ! ,snake or ,flute1 & vice v]sa40 ,! c]emonials 9 ! two worlds are syn*ron\s4 8,t is ! reason10 said my in=mant1 8t we make ! ,snake or ,flute pahos dur+ ! w9t] season1 al?\gh ! dance is n celebrat$ until ! correspond+ mon? ( ! foll[+ summ]40#aa ,,means ,,( ,,det]m9+ ,,! ,,"t ,,= ,,c]emonials ,among ! ,hopi ,indians !re are prie/s 7tawawympkiyas7 skill$ 9 ! lore ( ! sun1 :o det]m9e1 by obs]vations ( ! po9ts on ! horizon1 :]e ! sun rises or sets1 ! "t ( ! ye> prop] = religi\s c]emonials4 ,two ( ^! po9ts are call$ sun h\ses1 "o at ttyka1#ab :i* is call$ ! sun h\se 7twaki7 p> excell5ce1 ano!r at kw9wi1 :i* also is call$ twaki1 or sun h\se4 ,! po9ts on ! horizon us$ 9 ! det]m9ation ( c]emonial ev5ts are z foll[s3 #a4 ,twaki 7htca1 op5+74 ,! horizon po9t prop]ly call$ savwwee m>ks ! c>d9al po9t ttyka or place ( sunrise at ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,! w9t] c]emony ,soylua is det]m9$ n by sunrise1 b by sunset1 al?\gh1 z a g5]al ?+1 ! "t ( summ] c]emonials is det]m9$ by obs]vations ( sunrise4 #b4 ,msnamzr 7msi1 drab or gray2 namzr1 wood$ ridge74 ,?is po9t is ! ridge or cre/ ( ! mesa1 ea/ ( ,ppce4 #c4 ,pavtcmo 7pav1 "y corn2 tcmo1 m\nd74 ,a po9t on ! old wagon trail to ,=t ,defiance1 a little beyond ! head ( ,keams canyon4 #d4 ,howtcomo 7d]ivation obscure2 hwi1 erect74 #e4 ,nvktcomo 7nvk1 sn[2 tcmo1 m\nd74 ,:5 ! sun rea*es "h on its nor!rn j\rney ! ,honni or ,badg] p plant corn2 ! o!r ,hopi p plant melons1 squa%es1 & g\rds4 #f4 ,plhomotaka 7pl1 r\nd1 hump2 hmo1 obscure2 tka1 man2 possibly _m hump-back m574 ,:5 ! sun rea*es "h ! ,ptki or ,wat] p plant corn4 ,:5 ! sun returns "h ! ,snake-,antelope frat]nities assemble = ! ,snake dance4 #g4 ,kwitcla4#ac ,:5 ! sun rises at ?is po9t on 8 nor?w>d j\rney g5]al plant+ beg9s1 :i* cont9ues until ! summ] sol/ice4 ,:5 ! sun returns to ?is po9t on 8 s\!rly j\rney ! ,nimnkatc9a is celebrat$4 #h4 ,taovi 7874 #i4 ,owtcoki 7owa1 rock2 tcki1 m\nd h\se74 #aj4 ,wnacakabi 7wna1 pole2 cka1 ladd]74 #aa4 ,wakcva1 cattle spr+1 #ab miles nor? ( ,keams canyon4 #ab4 ,pavukyaki1 swall[ h\se4 #ac4 ,tyka1 summ] sol/ice4 ,we are ju/ifi$ 9 accept+ ! !ory t sun & moon#ad wor%ip is usual among primitive m54 ,:e!r t ( ! sun or ( our satellite 0 ! e>li] x is n 9 ! prov9ce ( ?is article to discuss1 b x is d\btless true t sun wor%ip is a v anci5t cult among mo/ primitive peoples4 ,! ,pueblos are n exceptions1 & :ile we c n say t _! adoration is limit$ to ! sun1 x =ms an ess5tial elem5t ( _! ritual1 :ile _! anhydr\s environm5t has l$ !m into a ra9-cl\d wor%ip & o!r complexities4 ,i ?9k we c safely say1 h[ev]1 t ! g]m ( _! a/ronomy sprang f obs]vations ( ! sun1 & :ile yet 9 a mo/ primitive condition !y notic$ ! fact t ?is cele/ial body did n always rise or set at ! same po9ts on ! horizon4 ,! connection betwe5 ^! facts & ! seasons ( ! ye> mu/ h be5 not$ e>ly 9 _! hi/ory1 & h l$ to ori5tation1 :i* plays su* an important "p 9 all _! rituals4 ,?us ! approa* ( ! sun to a m v]tical position 9 ! sky 9 summ] & its recession 9 w9t] l$ to ! association ( "t :5 ! e>? yield$ !m _! crops ) its approa*1 & ! "t :5 ! e>? 0 b>r5 ) its recession4 ,^! epo*s 7 notic$1 h[ev]1 n by ! position ( ! sun at midday1 b at ris+s & sett+s1 or ! horizon po9ts4 ,! two great epo*s1 summ] & w9t]1 71 x is believ$1 connect$ ) sol/itial amplitudes1 & ! equ9octial1 horizontal po9ts1 unconnect$ ) important times to agriculturi/s1 7 n consid]$ z ( mu* wor?4 ,!re is e evid5ce1 h[ev]1 t ! "t ( day 0 e>ly indicat$ by ! altitude ( ! sun1 al?\gh ! connection ( ! altitude at midday ) ! "t ( ye> 0 subord9at$ to obs]vations on ! horizon4 ,,classification ,,( ,,c]emonials ,9 attempt+ to make out ! annual cycle ( c]emonial obs]vances1 z det]m9$ by obs]vations made dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s1 ,i recognize two gr\ps1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 :i* may be m or less arbitr>y4 ,^! gr\ps are call$-- ,i4 ,! ,katc9as4 ,,ii4 ,! ,n9e days' c]emonials4 ,! =m] ( ^! gr\ps1 :i* is ! subject ( ?is article1 beg9s ) ! ,katc9as' return1#ae & ends ) _! dep>ture 7,nimn74 ,x is n my purpose "h to d m ?an ref] to ! latt] gr\p1 z a %ort ref]5ce to !m may be ( value = a prop] und]/&+ ( ! ,katc9as4 ,!re are significant lik5esses betwe5 diff]5t memb]s ( ! s]ies ( n9e days' c]emonials1 & !y may be gr\p$ 9 sev]al pairs1 ( :i* ! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 ,i4 ,snake or ,flute4#af ,,ii4 ,llakoti & ,mamzrati4 ,,iii4 ,p[m & ,pllkoti4 ,,iv4 ,wwtcmti & ,nacnaiya4 ,! lik5esses are built on ! simil>ity ( ! rites practic$ 9 bo? memb]s ( ea* pair4 ,! ,hopi prie/s recognize ano!r k9%ip :i* does n appe> 9 ! nature ( ! c]emonies z mu* z 9 ! subord9ate p>ts4 ,?us1 ,llakoti & ,pllkoti1 ,wwtcmti & ,mamzrati are bro!r & si/] c]emonials1 accord+ to _! conceptions4 ,?is k9%ip is said to acc\nt = c]ta9 ev5ts 9 ! c]emonials1 & fri5dly feel+ manife/$ betwe5 c]ta9 societies1 b mu* obscurity envelops ?is :ole subject ( relation%ips4 ,! t]m 8,n9e days' c]emonies0 ref]s to ! active#ag c]emonial days1 includ+ ^? 9 :i* ! *iefs p]=m ! secret obs]vance & ! op5 dance ( ! la/ days4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! c]emonial smoke to det]m9e ! "t is a "p ( ! obs]vance1 & f ?is date to ! f9al public exhibition !re are sixte5 days1 a multiple ( ! omnipres5t numb] f\r4 ,"s ( ! ,katc9as h n9e days ( c]emonials1 c\nt+ ! assembly & ! f9al purification4 ,! inception ( ! c]emony is call$ tctco yya1 smok+ assembly1 9 :i* ! *iefs 7mom[it7 meet toge!r 9 ! ev5+ at a prescrib$ h\se4 ,! meet+ places are z foll[s3 ,tctcb 7,snake-,antelope frat]nity7 ,snake *ief's "m's h\se4 ,mamzra ,slako's4 ,llako ,ktcnmsi's4 ,soylua ,vnsi's4 ,wwtcm ,tcwqti's4 ,lnya 7,flute7 ,talsv5si's4 ,nimn ,kwmaletci's4 ,on ! day foll[+ ?is smoke ! speak] *ief 7tcakmowi7 at e>ly sunrise ann\nces to ! public t ! c]emony is to beg91 & to ! six direction deities 7nananivo mom[it7 t ! prie/s are ab\t to assemble to pray = ra94 ,eight days aft] ! ann\ncem5t ! *iefs ga!r 9 ! kiva1 & t day is call$ yya1 assemblage1 b is n c\nt$ 9 ! sequ5ce ( c]emonial days4 ,! fir/ c]emonial day is ,cctla1 aft] :i* foll[ ! rema9+ days z already expla9$ 9 my acc\nt ( ! ,snake c]emonials4 ,c\nt+ ! days f ! comm5cem5t1 ! ,snake1 ,flute1 ,nimn1 ,llakoti1 & ,mamzrati are always celebrat$ 9 ext5so sixte5 days1 or n9e days ( active c]emonies1 z %[n 9 articles else:]e4 ,:5 ,nacnaiya is n celebrat$1 ,wwtcmti1 ,p[m1 ,soylua1 & ,pllkoti are abbreviat$ to f\r days ( active c]emonials4 ,! foll[+ diagnosis may be made ( ^! great n9e days' c]emonials3 ,duration ( ! c]emony1 n9e consecutive days & nights2 no mask$ danc]s 9 secret or public exhibitions2 no ,katc9as2 no ,tcukwympkiyas4#ah ,alt>s & s& mosaics g5]ally pres5t4 ,individual c]emonials ei!r annual or bi5nial1 b 9 ei!r case at approximately ! same "t ( ! ye>2 sequ5ce con/ant4 ,tponi#ai g5]ally br\ght out 9 ! public dance4 ,_m phos1#bj ord9>ily ( diff]5t l5g? 7,snake1 ,flute1 ,llakoti1 ,mamzrati71 to deposit 9 %r9es at v>y+ di/ances f ! t[n4 ,c]emonial rac+1 g5]ally 9 ! morn+ ( ! eigh? & n9? days4 ,! foll[+ are ! important n9e days' c]emonies3 #a4 ,! ,antelope-,snake celebration1 alt]nat+ bi5nially ) ! ,ll5ti or ,flute obs]vance4 #b4 ,! ,llakoti4 ,?is c]emony la/s n9e days & z _m nights1 & is celebrat$ by wom54 ,! details ( ! celebration at ,walpi 9 #ahia1 toge!r ) ! alt>s1 feti*es1 & ! l h already be5 publi%$4#ba ,x has "s lik5esses ) ! ,mamzrati1 :i* foll[s x 9 sequ5ce4 ,!re are f\r prie/esses1 ! *ief ( :om is ,ktcnmsi4 ,?ree tponis 7 laid on ! alt> 9 ! celebration ( #ahia1 al?\gh x is cu/om>y = ea* society to h b "o tponi1 :i*1 ) ! o!r p>aph]nalia1 is 9 ! keep+ ( ! *ief prie/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci--,tablet ( ! ,palahkomana mask4 #c4 ,! ,mamzrati4 ,?is c]emonial has likewise be5 describ$4#bb ,9 "s celebrations ( ?is fe/ival girls appe> ) tablets on _! heads p]sonify+ maids call$ ,palahkomanas4 ,9 #ahia ^! p]sonages 7 repres5t$ by pictures#bc ( ! same on slabs c>ri$ 9 ! h&s ( girls4 ,9 ?is way ! v>iations ( _! celebrations 9 diff]5t ye>s may be expla9$2 sometimes wom5 are dress$ to imp]sonate ! ,palahkomanas1 at o!rs only pictures ( ! same are c>ri$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,civ4 ,,%ield ,,) ,,/> ,,symbol4 ,,soyaluna ,,%ield ,,) ,,unkn[n ,,symbol4 ,,symbolic ,,sun ,,%ield4 ,,drawn ,,by ,,m>y ,m4 ,,mit*ell4 ,a4 ,,ho5 ,,co41 ,,li?4 #d4 ,! ,wwtcmti4 ,! ,nacnaiya1 ( :i* ?is is an abbreviat$ obs]vance1 has be5 describ$4#bd ,"o ( ! mo/ prom95t ev5ts is ! c]emonial mak+ ( ! new fire2 & z ?is is 9 a measure di/9ctive ( ^! two1 x is prop] to designate !m ! ,new ,fire c]emonies4 ,9 ess5tials ! ,nacnaiya & ! ,wwtcmti are ! same1 b ! =m] appe>s to be ( less con/ant appe>ance & m complicat$4 ,9 x1 z else:]e describ$1 ! /atuette ( ,taltumsi is br\ght into ! pueblo1 b 9 ! abbreviat$ =m (f]+s are made at h] %r9e d[n ! trail4 ,dur+ ! mak+ ( ! new fire nawita1#be p]sonify+ ,masauwh1 is hidd5 beh9d a blanket held by two assi/ants4 ,! second gr\p1 call$ ! ,katc9as1 :i* may be divid$ into two small] divisions1 kn[n z ! elaborate & ! abbreviat$1 fills out ! sequ5ce ( religi\s c]emonials betwe5 ! ,soylua & ! ,nimnkatc9a4 ,^! celebrations are di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! =m] gr\p by ! pres5ce ( mask$ p]sonages to :om is giv5 ! "n ( ,katc9as4 ,by ! use ( ^! masks or helmets ! p>ticipant is suppos$ to be trans=m$ into ! deity repres5t$1 & wom5 & *ildr5 avoid look+ at ,katc9as :5 unmask$4 ,! ma9 symbolism ( ! deity is depict$ on ! helmet or head1 & v>ies 9 diff]5t pres5tations1 b ! rema9+ p>aph]nalia is con/ant1 :atev] p]sonage is repres5t$4#bf ,! mask 7kt1 head7 is (t5 address$ z kwatci1 8my fri5d or d\ble40 ,prescriptively x mu/ be put on & tak5 (f ) ! left h&4#bg ,x is ( helmet %ape1 fitt+ closely to ! head & re/+ on ! %\ld]s4 ,^! masks or helmets are repa9t$ at ea* pres5tation ) ! symbolism ( ! p]sonage int5d$ to be repres5t$4 ,!y are ord9>ily made ( lea!r1 portions ( boot legs or saddles1 & 9 "o or two in/ances ,i h f\nd on _! inside ! emboss$ or incis$ m>k+s *>act]i/ic ( ,spani% saddles4 ,old felt hats are sometimes us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! simpl] masks & ^? ( ! mud-heads are ( co>se clo?4 ,few ( ! helmets n[ us$ give evid5ce ( v great antiquity1 al?\gh "s are made ( ! sk9 ( ! bison4 ,"o c seldom pur*ase ^! helmets1 z _! manufacture is difficult1 & in/ead ( be+ disc>d$ aft] use 9 "o c]emony !y are repa9t$ = o!r pres5tations4 ,!re is a simil> uni=mity ye> by ye> 9 ! "t ( ! celebration ( ! ext5d$ or elaborate ,katc9as call$ ,nimn1 ,p[m1 ,pllkoti1 ,soylua1 & ! ,pa or ,katc9a's return4 ,_! sequ5ce is always ! same1 b 9 ! abbreviat$ ,katc9as or mask$ dances ?is uni=mity is n adh]$ to4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( ^! are celebrat$ ea* spr+ & summ]1 b ! p>ticul> abbreviat$ ,katc9a#bh :i* is pres5t$ v>ies f ye> to ye>1 & may or may n be reproduc$4 ,:ile ,katc9as or mask$ dances d n g5]ally occur dur+ ! int]val ( ! n9e days' c]emonials 7autumn & e>ly w9t]71 ,i h notes on "o ( ^! :i* indicate t !y sometimes take place 9 ?is epo*4 ,on ,septemb] #bj1 #ahic1 a ,katc9a call$ akatc9a#bi 0 p]=m$ 9 ,hano aft] ! ,nimn _h be5 celebrat$ 9 ,walpi4 ,!oretically x w\ld n be expect$1 z ! f>ewell ,katc9a is univ]sally said to be a celebration ( ! dep>ture ( ^! p]sonages to _! di/ant home1 an ev5t :i* does n occur at ,hano4 ,x w\ld be /range if lat] obs]vations %\ld %[ t ,katc9as are celebrat$ 9 o!r villages betwe5 ! dep>ture & return ( ^! p]sonages4 ,,discussion ,,( ,,previ\s ,,descriptions ,,( ,,katc9as ,our exact k ( ! "* ( ! ,hopi ,katc9as dates back to ,s*oolcraft's valuable compilation4 ,:ile ! exi/5ce ( ^! dances 0 kn[n previ\sly to t "t1 & sev]al ref]5ces to simil> dances among ! o!r ,pueblos might be quot$ f ! writ+s ( ,spani% visitors1 our in=mation ( ! ,katc9a celebrations 9 ,tusayan previ\sly to #aheb is s fragm5t>y t x is h>dly ( value 9 comp>ative /udies4 ,9 ! ye> nam$ ,dr ,p4 ,s4 ,g4 ,t5 ,broeck visit$ ,tusayan & publi%$ a description ( :at 0 probably a ,katc9a dance at ,sitcomovi4 ,al?\gh 8 acc\nt is s imp]fect t we c n def9itely say :at ,katc9a 0 p]sonat$1 8 description 0 ! fir/ important contribution to our k ( ! "* ( ^! dances among ! ,hopi ,indians4 ,x w be notic$ 9 a g5]al way t ! p]sonation diff]$ b slightly f ^? ( ! pres5t day4 ,t5 ,broeck not$ t ! male danc]s1 ,katc9as1 wore on _! heads 8l>ge pa/ebo>d t[]s0 7nktci871 & 8visors#cj made ( small will[s1 ) ! b>k peel$ (f & dy$ a deep br[n40 ,he recogniz$ t ! female danc]s 7,katc9amanas7 7 m5 dress$ z wom5 & t !y wore yell[ 8visors0 & dress$ _! hair 9 :orls z at ! pres5t "t4 ,he describ$ ! musical 787 accompanim5t ( ! dance ) ! scapula ( an animal rubb$ ov] a 8gr\nd piece ( wood40 ,he likewise notic$ ! prie/s :o spr9kl$ ! danc]s ) sacr$ meal1 & speaks ( two small boys pa9t$ black ) :ite r+s :o accompani$ ! dance4 ,! latt] may h be5 p]sonifications ( ! ,little ,fire ,gods4 ,! ,hopi cl[ns1 ,tcukwympkiyas1 7 likewise se5 by ,t5 ,broeck1 :o describ$ _! comical actions4 ,f 8 description ( ! byplay ( _! 8assi/ants10 ,i f9d v little *ange has tak5 place s9ce 8 "t4 ,9 ! ,katc9a :i* he obs]v$ food 0 di/ribut$ dur+ ! dance1 z ,i h else:]e describ$ is ! case today4 ,al?\gh mu* might be add$ to ,t5 ,broeck's description1 8 obs]vations 7 ! mo/ important :i* _h be5 made kn[n up to 8 "t1 & cont9u$ = =ty ye>s ! mo/ valuable record ( ?is gr\p#ca ( dances among ! ,tusayan ,indians4 ,,classification ,,( ,,katc9as ,be=e consid]+ ! v>i\s c]emonials 9 :i* ! ,katc9as appe>1 x may be well to say some?+ ( ! nature ( ^! sup]natural be+s :i* figure 9 !m z made kn[n by ! te/imony ( "s ( ! be/-in=m$ m5 ( ! tribe4 ,! v>i\s leg5ds :i* are told ab\t !m are num]\s & c n be repeat$ "h1 b a few notions ga!r$ f !m may r5d] x possible = ! read] to bett] und]/& ! "* ( ! c]emonials 9 :i* !y appe>4 ,^! deities are g5]ally reg>d$ z animi/ic & subord9ate to ! great] gods4#cb ,!y h be5 call$ int]cessors betwe5 man & ! highe/ sup]natural be+s4 ,!re are mi/y leg5ds t long ago ! ,katc9as1 l m51 came f ! "u _w & br\ght ) !m v>i\s *>ms or nh ) :i* ! ,hopi are famili>4 ,by "s x is said t a ,honni 7,badg]7 *ief came up f ! tkyaa1 or "u _w1 9 ! c5t] ( a squ>e ^: f\r sides 7 =m$ ( l9es ( ,katc9as1 & t he bore 9 8 left h& a buzz>d w+ fea!r & a bundle ( m$ic9e hats on 8 back4 ,! ,katc9as recogniz$ him z _! *ief1 & became ,katc9a ,honni1 ,badg] ,katc9as4 ,! leg5d runs t 9 anci5t times ,hahawqti#cc em]g$ f ! "u _w foll[$ by f\r sons1 :o 7 ,katc9as1 ea* be>+ 9 8 arms a pet call$ pllkoh1 plum$ s]p5t4 ,foll[+ ^! f\r came o!r ,katc9as ) pets 7pkomat71 ( :om ! foll[+ are m5tion$3 ,"o be>+ pkwa1 frog 7wat]-eagle74 ,"o be>+ ptsro1 wat]-bird4 ,"o be>+ pawkya1 duck4 ,"o be>+ pavkiyuta1 wat] on ! backs be>]s1 aquatic animals4 ,"o be>+ yocona1 turtle4 ,"o be>+ zrna1 bullfrog4 ,"o be>+ pavtiya1 "y wat] be>] 7tadpole74 ,! o!rs ) kwh 7eagle71 p>rot1 cr[1 coop]'s hawk1 swall[1 & night hawk4 ,! ,smakoli pets = ! six directions are3 ,s[w1 de] ,kw9wi4 ,paw1 m\nta9 %eep ,tevya4 ,tcbio1 antelope ,tatyka4 ,tcazrisa1 elk ,hpoka4 ,swi1 h>e ,omyka4 ,tbo1 cottontail rabbit ,atkyntuka4 ,! fir/ f\r ,katc9as be> a />tl+ yet =eign resemblance to ! ,navaho ,etsu?le4#cd ,! ^w pkomat is difficult to translate1 b 8pets0 seems a good r5d]+4 ,its usage is simil> to t ( c]ta9 ,navaho words4 ,a ,navaho woman speaks ( a favorite *ild z cili2 a man calls 8 pet horse cili1 & ! %aman designates 8 feti*-emblem ( a nature deity bli2 a ,hopi calls 8 dog pko4 ,! pet ( ,tuwup is depict$ on ! alt> z else:]e m5tion$ 9 my acc\nt ( ! r]$os ( ! f>ewell ,katc9a at ,walpi4#ce ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,cv4 ,,! ,,natacka ,,c]emony ,,at ,,walpi ,9 ! ,hopi conception ( ! ,all ,katc9a !re seems to be an idea t !y dwell 9 f\r t]re/rial places or _w-qu>t]s4#cf ,?is may be look$ on z an application ( a g5]al idea ( _w-qu>t] deities s common among !m4 ,nor?we/1 kw9wi ,kicyba4 ,s\?we/1 tevya ,nvatikyaubi1 ,san ,francisco m\nta9s4 ,s\!a/1 tatyka ,wnima4 ,nor!a/1 hpoko ,nvatikyaubi1 ,san ,mateo m\nta9s4 ,if !re is any "o feature :i* di/+ui%es a ,katc9a x is ! use1 by "s or all ( ! p>ticipants1 ( a mask or c]emonial helmet4 ,! ,katc9as are divid$ into two gr\ps1 ! complete & ! abbreviat$2 ! =m] is con/ant ye> by ye>1 ! latt] v>y+4 ,alt>s are pres5t 9 ! complete1 abs5t 9 abbreviat$ pres5tations4 ,a cl\d-*>m alt> or invocation to ! six _w-qu>t] deities is sometimes made4 ,public ann\ncem5ts are n prescrib$4 ,! ,tcukwympkiya or cl[ns are g5]ally pres5t4 ,abbreviat$ ,katc9as consi/ ma9ly ( public dances 9 :i* ,katc9as1 ,katc9amanas1 & cl[ns take "p4 ,! phos or pray] (f]+s are few 9 numb]4 ,c]emony ends ) a fea/2 g5]ally no alt>s4 ,tponi#cg is n br\ght out 9 public4 ,x is possible t ! fox-sk9 s univ]sally worn by ! animi/ic p]sonifications call$ ,katc9as hang+ f ! belt beh9d1 is a survival comp>able ) ! sk9 ( ! animal 9 :i* =m]ly1 z 9 ,nahuatl c]emonials1 ! :ole body 0 clo!d4 ,9 ! case ( ,natcka1 = in/ance1 a sk9 is /ill worn ov] ! %\ld]s4 ,cons]vatism 9 dress is t5aci\sly adh]$ to 9 religi\s p>aph]nalia among all peoples4 ,r\ghly speak+ we may say t ! ,katc9a celebrations are *>act]iz$ by ! pres5ce ( ! ,tcukwympkiyas 7,tatckti1 ,tcckt1 ,paikyam or cl[ns71 :i* d n appe> 9 ! unmask$ or n9e days' c]emonials4 ,! epo* 9 :i* !y rema9 among ! ,hopi is !re=e approximately t f ! w9t] to ! summ] sol/ices2 t 9 :i* !y are abs5t1 f ! summ] to ! w9t] sol/ices4#ch ,i classify ! ,katc9a celebrations into two l>ge gr\ps1 :i* may be call$ ! elaborate & ! abbreviat$1 & h consid]$ !m 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,,elaborate ,,katc9as ,"u ! head ( elaborate ,katc9as#ci may be includ$3 ,soylua4 ,katc9a's return4#dj ,p[m1 ,pllkoti4 ,nimnkacma4 ,,soy,,lu,a ,! celebration 9 ! ,decemb] moon has n z yet be5 describ$1#da b a l>ge body ( mat]ial relat+ !reto is 9 my h&s4 ,9 ord] to give a g5]al idea ( its "* a brief outl9e ( a *>act]i/ic portion ( x is ins]t$ 9 ?is place4 ,soylua is di/9ctly a w>riors' obs]vance1 & has be5 call$ ! ,return ,katc9a4 ,9 "o s5se x may be s designat$1 b m /rictly x is ! return ( ! ,w> god1 reg>d$ z a lead] ( ! gods1 & 9 t recalls ! ,nahuatl ,teotleco1 z else:]e po9t$ out4 ,! s++ ( ! night songs ( ! w>riors is "o ( ! mo/ effective ar*aic episodes ( ! c]emonial ( ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,9 ! foll[+ acc\nt a description ( a few ev5ts 9 ! celebration ( #ahia is introduc$3 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,decemb] ( t ye> mo/ ( ! m5 ( ! villages prep>$ cotton /r+s1 to ! end ( :i* !y ti$ fea!rs & pion ne$les4 ,^! 7 giv5 away dur+ ! day to diff]5t p]sons1 "s receiv+ f "o to two doz51 :i* !y ti$ 9 _! hair4 ,:5 a mak] ( ^! fea!r$ /r+s pres5t$ "o to a fri5d1 he said1 z translat$1 8,tomorr[ all ! ,katc9as to y grant y\r wi%es10 hold+ 8 bundle v]tically & mov+ x ) a horizontal motion4 ,at nightfall ea* man procur$ a will[ w& f #c to #d feet long & loop$ ^u x all ! /r+s :i* he _h receiv$4 ,he !n c>ri$ 8 /ick to ! ,mkiva & plac$ x 9 ! raft]s1 ?us imp>t+ to ! ceil+ ! appe>ance ( a b[] ( fea!rs & pion ne$les4 ,all ! kivas 7 meet+ places ( ! p>ticipants1 b ! ,ttaukyam met at ! ,mkiva1 :]e ! pr9cipal fe/ivities took place4 ,_! *ief wore a head-dress decorat$ ) symbols ( ra9-cl\ds 7plate ,,cviii71 & c>ri$ a %ield ^u :i* 0 depict$ ! sun 7plate ,,civ74 ,! *ief ( a second society c>ri$ a %ield ^u :i* 0 drawn a /> 7plate ,,civ71 & a ?ird *ief bore a %ield ) an antelope drawn ^u x4 ,! head-dress ( ! *ief ( ! ,awympkiya 0 adorn$ ) gli/5+ triplex horns1 & on 8 %ield 0 repres5t$ an unkn[n ,katc9a 7plate ,,civ74 ,! fif? society 0 ,kwkwant1 or w>rior1 ^: *ief c>ri$ 9 8 h& an effigy ( ! great snake 7,pllkoh7 :i* 0 c>v$ f ! woody /alk ( ! agave 7kwan71 f :i* ! society 0 nam$4 ,he came f ! ,tcivato-kiva & on 8 %ield 0 depict$ a ,kwkwant 9 full co/ume4 ,! six? society 0 ! ,tatckti or 8knobb$ heads20 _! %ield-be>] wore a head-dress l a coronet1 :ile on 8 %ield 0 drawn a black figure ) loz5ge-%ape eyes4 ,! %ield ( ! *ief ( ! sev5? society 0 adorn$ ) a picture ( ! ,twamowi or sun *ief4 ,aft] ! societies _h ent]$ ! kiva an invocation to ! c>d9al po9ts 0 *ant$1 & ! %ield-be>]s1 9 turn1 /&+ ov] ! spap1 /amp$ on x4 ,at a signal ! society arrang$ itself into two irregul> gr\ps1 "o on ! nor?1 ! o!r on ! s\? side ( ! ma9 floor4 ,all !n vehem5tly bur/ =? into a song1 ! %ield-be>] mak+ ecc5tric da%es among 8 associates1 fir/ to "o side & !n to ! o!r4 ,:ile ! song la/$ ! %ield-be>] cont9u$ ^! %ort1 swift ru%es1 & ! assembl$ gr\ps cr\*$ d[n & met 8 da%es by ris+ & driv+ him back to ! spap4 ,he madly oscillat$ f "r to left1 t is1 f ! nor? to ! s\? side ( ! room1 & swung 8 %ield 9 rhy?m1 :ile ^? ne> him beat _! feet 9 "t4 ,! %ield 0 da%$ f face to face1 & ! gr\ps made _m motions z if to seize x1 b no "o did m ?an to t\* x ) out/ret*$ h&s4 ,! movem5ts on bo? sides 7 highly sugge/ive ( attack & def5se4 ,at #h p4 m4 ab\t "o doz5 m5 7 collect$ 9 ! ,mkiva1 among :om 0 ,lsma play+ a flageolet4 ,! hat*way 0 gu>d$ by a tyl]1 & = a ntci !re 0 plac$ !re a wick] skullcap ornam5t$ ) a pair ( imitation m\nta9-%eep horns 7plate ,,cx71 ,two h\rs lat] ! room 0 d5sely pack$ ) nak$ m51 _! bodies undecorat$1 we>+ small eagle plumes atta*$ to ! cr[n ( ! head4 ,two wom5 7 pres5t4 ,anawta1 *ief ( ! ,kwkwant1 sat alone on ! s\!rn side ( ! ma9 floor :i* 0 cle> 9 ! middle1 & twelve *iefs1 among !m ,cmo1 ,spela1 & ,tcubma1 sat opposite him4 ,t5 novices f ! o!r kivas ent]$ gorge\sly array$ 9 :ite kilts1 brilliant cr[ns ( fea!rs1 :ite body decorations1 be>+ an imitation squa% blossom1 ) spruce sprigs 9 _! left h&s & corn 9 _! "r h&s4 ,z ! *iefs took _! places ,lsma spr9kl$ ! floor ( ! room ne> ! ladd] ) moi/ valley s&1 ab\t an in* deep4 ,! novices /epp$ f ! ladd] ^u ?is s& & pass$ up 9 front ( ! *iefs1 !n squatt$ be=e !m fac+ ! s\?1 _! kilts hav+ be5 lift$ s t !y sat on ! cold floor4 ,anawta !n cross$ ov] to ! s\? side ( ! room & seat$ himself at ! ea/ end ( ! l9e ( *iefs4 ,at ! we/ wall ( ! kiva a /range alt> _h be5 erect$4 ,lsma _h pil$ aga9/ ! l$ge ( ?is "p ( ! kiva a /ack ( corn1 two or m e>s ( :i* _h be5 contribut$ by ! mat]nal head ( ea* family 9 ! pueblo4 ,at ei!r side & 9 front ( ! /ack ( corn %rubb]y _h be5 plac$4 ,9 ! space betwe5 ! top ( ! corn pile & ! ro( w&s 7 plac$1 & to ^! w&s _h be5 fa/5$ _m artificial fl[]s1 #d or #e in*es 9 diamet]1 set close toge!r b 9 no regul> l9es4 ,!re 7 ov] #bjj ( ^! fl[]s ( diff]5t colors1 d>k-r$ & :ite pr$om9at+4 ,ne>ly 9 ! c5t] ( ?is artificial %rubb]y !re 0 a l>ge g\rd %ell ) ! convex side turn$ t[>d ! audi5ce & hav+ an ap]ture ab\t #h in*es 9 diamet] 9 its c5t]4 ,?r\gh ?is op5+ _h be5 ?ru/ ! head ( an effigy#db ( ,pllkoh1 ! plum$-head snake1 pa9t$ black1 ) a tongue-l app5dage protrud+ f ! m\?4 ,:5 all ! assembl$ prie/s 7 seat$ a mom5t ( solemn /illness ensu$1 aft] :i* ,spela arose1 ca/ a h&ful ( meal t[>d ! effigy ( ! snake1 & said a %ort pray] 9 a rev]5t tone4#dc ,!n ! head ( ! snake1 :i* 0 manipulat$ by an unse5 p]son beh9d ! alt>1 0 obs]v$ to rise sl[ly to ! c5t] ( ! ap]ture1 & a mell[ s\nd+ ro> l a bla/ ?r\gh a con* appe>$ to come f ! m\?1 :ile ! :ole head 0 made to quiv] & wave4 ,! s\nd 0 ( %ort duration1 repeat$ f\r times1 & !n ! head repos$ aga9 on ! l[] rim ( ! gr\nd %ell4 ,pres5tly 0 he>d a s\nd z ( a scapula drawn across a not*$ /ick six times4 ,all ! old *iefs 9 succession ca/ meal to ! effigy & pray$1 & 9 response to ea* ! great snake emitt$ s\nds id5tical ) ^? m5tion$ above4 ,! spectators !n left ! kiva1 & a fr5zi$ dance ( /range "* occurr$4 ,! societies f o!r kivas came 91 & ! *ief ( ea* declaim$ 9 a half-*ant+ voice :i* rose to a %riek at ! close ( a /anza4 ,fir/1 he drew back to ! fireplace1 & !n ) a %uffl+ gait approa*$ ! symbolic op5+ 9 ! floor call$ ! spap4 ,anawta !n %\t$ at ! top ( 8 voice1 & ! %uffl] sprang 9 ! air & vault$ ov] ! spap4 ,!n ev]ybody 9 ! room %\t$ l\dly & a song 9 conc]t foll[$4 ,a mom5t lat] ! visit+ societies da%$ d[n ! ladd]1 ea* be>+ a spl5did %ield ornam5t$ ) ! figure ( ! sun & a rim ( radiat+ eagle fea!rs4 ,ea* society _h its di/9ctive sun %ield1 :i* on ent]+ 0 h&$ to ! *ief4 ,z he receiv$ x he /amp$ on ! spap & a fi]ce song 0 sung4 ,mean:ile two memb]s ( ! society /ood ap>t f _! fell[s aga9/ ! s\!rn wall fac+ ea* o!r1 ea* hold+ a squa% fl[] emblem 9 a b\quet ( spruce twigs & an e> ( corn 9 8 left h&4 ,sudd5ly ! fifte5 or tw5ty memb]s ( ! society drew back f _! *ief1 :o !n sprang ^u ! spap plank1 & quickly turn+ fac$ !m z all bur/ =? 9 an ec/atic %\t+1 ) wild fl++ ( _! arms z !y approa*$ ! %ield-be>]s4 ,!y naturally =m$ two clu/]s1 & z ! %ield-be>] da%$ 8 %ield 9 _! faces !y surg$ back1 to leap aga9 t[>d him4 ,?is seem+ assault1 wild ?\gh x appe>$1 0 ma9ta9$ 9 "t ) ! song4 ,! two *iefta9s jo9$ _! m51 all 9 ec/atic fr5zy1 & "o ( !m1 %ak+ 8 %ield1 sprang f "r to left1 draw+ back 8 assi/ants 9 rhy?m ) ! beat+ ( ! feet ( all on ! floor4 ,aft] a few mom5ts ( mo/ exhau/ive movem5ts "s ( ! weak] /agg]$ up ! ladd]1 & %ortly aft] "o ( ! *iefs fell fa9t+ to ! floor1 ov]come by exhau/ion & ! int5se heat ( ! room4 ,"o spl5did a?lete danc$ ) vigor = fully five m9utes1 & !n swept t[>d ! ladd] :]e ! assi/ant 0 /&+ 9 read9ess to receive 8 %ield4 ,ano!r /ride & he rea*$ ! foot ( ! ladd] & sudd5ly became z rigid z a corpse4 ,! m5 :o belong$ to ! ,mkiva took no "p 9 ?is exhau/ive dance b /ood 9 read9ess to c>ry ^? :o fa9t$ up ! ladd] to ! cool air outside4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ?is assault ( ! m5 on ! be>] ( ! sun %ield dramatizes ! attack ( ho/ile p[]s on ! sun1 & t ! object is to (fset malign influ5ces or to draw back ! sun f a disappe>ance sugge/$ by its s\!rn decl9ation4#dd ,9 ?is possible int]pretation x is well to consid] t imm$iately prec$+ x ! ar*aic (f]+s & pray]s to ! great snake 7 made1 z describ$1 9 ! pres5ce ( spectators4 ,! idea ( ho/ility ( ! great snake to ! sun is an aborig9al ,am]ican conception4 ,9 ! ,maya ,codex ,cortesianus 7#cc;b7 ! plum$ snake is repres5t$#de z swall[+ ! sun z 9 an eclipse4 ,if ,soylua is a propitiatory c]emony to prev5t ! de/ruction or disappe>ance ( ! sun 9 w9t] or to (fset ! attacks ( ho/ile malevol5t deities ^u him1 we c see a possible explanation ( ! attacks & def5ses ( ! sun z "h dramatiz$4#df ,! evil influ5ces ( ! great snake are met by ! pray]s to 8 effigy2 ! attacks ( o!r less p[]ful deities are dramatiz$ 9 ! mann] indicat$4 ,! foll[+ conta9s a few sugge/ions 9 reg>d to ! "* ( ! dramatization 9 ! ,decemb] celebration4 ,9 ! pray]s to ! ,plum$ ,snake 8 ho/ility 0 quiet$1 & ! *iefs did :at !y c\ld to propitiate t p[]ful deity1 :o 0 ! great cause ( _! appreh5sion t ! b5efic5t sun 7,twa7 w\ld be ov]come4 ,!n foll[$ ! dramatization ( ! conflict ( oppos+ p[]s1 possibly repres5t+ o!r deities ho/ile to our b5efic5t fa!r1 ! sun4 ,al?\gh ! /ruggle involv$1 s f> z ! p>ticipants 7 conc]n$1 _! highe/ p[]s ( endurance & bodily suff]+1 ! sun-%ield or symbol ( ,twa _h ! good =tune to resi/ ! _m assaults made ^u x4 ,! introduction ( dramatization z an explanation ( ! w>rior celebration is !oretic1 !re=e n insi/$ ^u1 & is at lea/ plausible until a bett] int]pretation is sugge/$4 ,x has 9 its support ! evid5ce drawn f a comp>ative /udy ( c]emonials4 ,9 ! light ( ?is !ory ! return & dep>ture ( ! ,katc9a has a new significance1 & may be reg>d$ z a modifi$ sun my?4 ,at ! w9t] sol/ice ! sun & 8 att5dant deities h rea*$ _! mo/ di/ant po9t1 & turn$ to come back to ! pueblos4 ,9 ! mid-summ] ! sol> deity approa*$ !m2 he 0 ne> !m1 & 9 appreciation ( ?is fact1 :i* means bless+s1 ! poor ,hopi made 8 (f]+2#dg danc$ ! ,snake dance1 ask+ ! snake to br+ ! ra91 believ+ he 0 no long] ho/ile or at enmity ) ! sun4 ,b ! )drawal ( ! gods 7,f>ewell ,katc9as7 c\ld n be delay$ by ^! rites1 & ! sun ea* day drew f>!r f !m4 ,! ,katc9as 7gods7 dep>t$2 ! bright1 b5efic5t summ] gave place to cold1 dre>y w9t]2 life 0 replac$ by dea?4 ,9 ?is mo/ critical epo* ! w>riors1 ! mo/ pot5t human p[]s ( ! pueblo1 p]=m$ _! c]emony to br+ back ! b5efic5t god & 8 tra94 ,! ,nahuatl prie/ call$ a simil> c]emony 8,teotleco10 ! god comes--8,! dead god is reborn10 says ,duran4 ,! gods 7,katc9as7 come1 say ! ,hopi 7,soylua1 all assemblage2 d]iv$ f co1 all2 yuya1 assemblage74 ,! ,nahuatl prie/ spr9kl$ meal on ! floor ( ! teocalli1 & :5 he saw 9 ! meal ! footpr9t ( ! ,w> god1 ! lead] ( ! div9ities1 he ann\nc$ ! fact4 ,! ,hopi prie/ /ill cont9ues to spr9kle s& on ! kiva floor dur+ ! c]emony4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,cvi ,,haha,w,,qti1 ,,nat,,cka1 ,,& ,,soy,,kmana ,,katc9a',s ,,return ,! fir/ celebration ( ! ,katc9as 9 ! spr+1 sev]al mon?s aft] _! dep>ture1#dh took place 9 t division ( ! ye> call$ ! ,pamyaw1& is kn[n z ,mohti ,katcnumyya1 or 8,fir/ ,katc9a assembly40 ,i h call$ x ! ,return ,katc9a4 ,x foll[s directly aft] ! w9t] pho mak+ ( ! ,snake-,antelope or ,flute societies1 :i* v>ies 9 "* accord+ to :e!r ! ,snake or ! ,flute society gives ! pres5tation t ye>4 ,9 #ahic x foll[$ ! ,snake pho mak+1 & 9 #ahid t ( ! ,flute4 ,x may be call$ a composite1 abbreviat$ assembly ( ,katc9as4 ,dur+ ! day ,katc9a masks 7 r5ovat$ 9 ! kivas ( ! mesa1 & !re 7 visitations at all ! kivas by ! p]sonators 9 ! com+ celebration4 ,wom5 & *ildr5 cr[d$ ! spectators' qu>t]s ( ^! rooms1 & ! p]=mances la/$ f #aj oclock 9 ! ev5+ until #b oclock ( ! foll[+ morn+4 ,previ\sly to ! exhibition 9 ! kivas1 m5 p]sonat+ diff]5t ,katc9as visit$ ! foll[+ po9ts to make hmoya or meal (f]+s & to say appropriate pray]s3 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,kiva ,katc9a ,po9ts f ,pray]s direct$1 :i* pray]s or meal ?r[n are made t[>d-- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,mo ,ktca ank#di ,s4 ,w4 ,walpi ,nvtikyaubi ,wikwaliobi ,coyhim momoyamu d4 d4 ,nacab ,tcatca kwana d4 d4 ,al ,popkotu ,n4 ,e4 ,walpi ,kicyuba ,tcivato ,mcazru d4 ,puvtcomo ,hiki ,heha ,kw9yptcomo ,avt*oya mana ,n4 ,e4 ,sitcomovi d4 ,mnete ,tacb ,n4 ,e4 ,hano d4 ,p5dte ,hums ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,on ! #bd? ( ?is mon? 7,pa71 z aft] ! ,snake c]emonials1#ej ! ,nitiwa1 or /ruggles ( ! maids ) ! m5 = b[ls1 etc41 took place1 except t 9 ?is in/ance x 0 a /ruggle ) a ,katc9a & n1 z 9 ! ,snake obs]vance1 betwe5 girls & "y m54 ,f ! =ego+ table we le>n t 9 ! ,return ,katc9a = #ahid ! foll[+#ea 7 p]sonifi$3 #a4 ,ktca 7:ite7 aa4 #b4 ,coyhim4 #c4 ,tcakwana4 #d4 ,ppkotu4 #e4 ,mucazru4 #f4 ,hiki4 #g4 ,heha4 #h4 ,avt*oya4 #i4 ,tacb4 #aj4 ,hums4 ,! accompany+ cl[ns 7 ! ,tatckti or knob-head prie/s4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t 9 ! celebration ( ! dep>ture ( ! ,katc9as ! cl[ns took no "p1 b ^! prie/s 7 important additions to ! ,soclako4 ,! celebration ( ! ,return ,katc9a1 :i* occurs 9 ! w9t] ,pa moon1 is accompani$ by elaborate rites p]=m$ by ei!r ! ,snake-,antelope or ! ,flute frat]nity1 ! society obs]v+ x be+ t :i* w give its celebration 9 ! summ] ,pa moon ( ! same ye>4 ,a description ( ^! rites naturally falls 9 an acc\nt ( ! gr\p ( unmask$ dances4 ,!y ext5d ov] sev]al days & appe> to be :olly di/9ct f ! celebration ( ! ,return ,katc9a4 ,:ile ^! are be+ p]=m$ 9 ! 8upp] _w10 ! complem5tal ,flute or ,snake obs]vances are suppos$ to be tak+ place 9 ! 8"u _w10 :]e ! summ] ,pa moon !n reigns4 ,precisely ! same relation%ip is ?\ght to exi/ betwe5 ! two z t betwe5 ! seasons ( ! nor? & s\? temp]ate zones4 ,,p[,m ,?is c]emony is "o ( ! mo/ elaborate 9 :i* ! ,katc9as appe>1 & = want ( a bett] "n may be designat$ a r5ovation#eb or purification obs]vance4 ,9 ! ye> #ahic x took place ne> ! close ( ,janu>y & cont9u$ = n9e days1 & 9 a previ\s#ec article ,i h m5tion$ & figur$ ! mo/ /rik+ p]sonages1 ! mon/]s or ,natckas1 :o appe> 9 its pres5tation 7plates ,,cv1 ,,cvi1 ,,cxi74 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 o!r p]sonages new to /ud5ts ( ,tusayan c]emonials :o are introduc$1 & ,i h !re=e ?\ght x well to describe ! pres5tation 9 ext5so4 ,! details ( ?is c]emony 9 #ahic 7 z foll[s3#ed ,janu>y #bj--;,e>ly ?is morn+ ,hoyi w5t to all ! kivas & =mally ann\nc$ t ! c]emony 0 soon to beg94 ,!re 0 no public ann\ncem5t1 z no ,katc9a celebration is made kn[n 9 ?is way1 & ! ,katc9as mu/ n be spok5 ( 9 public4 ntiwa & ,pauwatwa began mak+ phos 9 ! ,mkiva )\t prelim9>y c]emony at ab\t #i a4 m41 & fifte5 o!r prie/s remov$ ! masks & r$ecorat$ !m1 aft] hav+ scrap$ (f ! old pa9t rema9+ f o!r c]emonials4 ,all ! masks 7 f9i%$ ab\t #g p4 m41 aft] :i* ,suoitiwa & ! o!r eld]s br\ght fox-sk9s & o!r p>aph]nalia into ! kiva1 :]e ,kwtcakwa1 ,kpeli1 ,tcbi1 ,kkapti1 & f\r or five o!r m5 began to decorate _! bodies ) pigm5t1 us+ a pale-r$ iron oxide 7cta7 on _! legs1 knees1 & wai/s4 ,!y daub$ ! :ole upp] leg above ! knee ) a :ite pigm5t1 & drew two l9es across ! %9s1 ! =e & upp] arms1 & on ea* side ( ! *e/ & abdom54 ,! entrance into ! katcnaki1 or p>aph]nalia closet1 0 op5 :ile ?is took place4 ,! masks 7 all ornam5t$ ) l>ge clu/]s ( fea!rs4 ,!y 7 ti$ to ! head ) a loose loop across ! top :i* slipp$ ov] ! cr[n :]e ! plumage re/$1 & !re 7 /r+s at ! sides ( ! mask by :i* !y 7 atta*$4 ,! body 0 ornam5t$ ) ribbons1 r$ flannel1 & o!r articles ( :ite man's make1 :i* are innovations4 ,kwtcakwa1 :o lat] p]sonat$ a ,tcukwympkiya1 drew a broad b& ( :ite clay across 8 %9s1 ?ighs1 arms1 & body4 ,a great wisp ( cornhusks 0 ti$ 9 8 hair1 :i* 0 all br\ght =w>d & coil$ ov] ! =ehead4 ,! o!rs donn$ _! kilts1 necklaces1 turquoise e>drops1 & moccas9s4 ,ea* "o wore a fox-sk9 hang+ tail d[nw>d at ! lo9s1 & on ! left leg bel[ ! knee a /r+ ( bells1 :ile ! majority _h g>t]s ( blue y>n4 ,_! hair1 :i* 0 fir/ b\nd 9 long cues1 wrapp$ high ) /r+s1 0 lat] loos5$1 hang+ 9 a f9e fluffy mass4 ,sakw/iwa1 :o 0 ! pcctoi or drumm]1 wore pantaloons held up by a belt ( silv] disks1 & a grotesque mask4 ,all left ! kiva imm$iately aft] _! disguises 7 complet$ & assembl$ 9 ! ,mkiva c\rt4 ntiwa hurri$ly b ?or\ghly swept ! floor ( ! *amb]1 dur+ :i* "t a numb] ( wom5 & *ildr5 came d[n ! ladd]1 fill+ ! spectators' "p ( ! room4 ,! assembl$ gr\p ( ,katc9as pray$ & !n w5t out1 b ab\t fifte5 m9utes lat] return$ to ! kiva entrance & %ook _! rattles at ! hat*way4 8,yuya ai10 8come1 assemble10 said ! old m51 & ! wom5 invit$ !m to come d[n1 :i* !y did4 ,kwtcakwa1 :o p]sonat$ ! ,nvkkatc9a1 ent]$1 foll[$ by t5 o!rs4 ,!y assembl$ 9 a semicircle1 ea* ) a rattle 9 ! "r h& & a spruce b\gh 9 ! left1 ntiwa spr9kl$ ) meal all :o came1 aft] :i* !y p]=m$ a dance1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 _! lead] did n jo94 ,be=e !y f9i%$ a b& ( t5 m51 disguis$ z ,paiutes1 c>ry+ b[s & arr[s1 rabbits1 & small game :i* !y wi%$ to trade1 came to ! hat*way4 ,!y _h a drumm] ) a ,paiute drum1 made ( a bundle ( sk9s wrapp$ 9 an oblong package1 on :i* he beat ) a /ick held 9 bo? h&s4 ,! p]sons p]=m$ a dance1 :i* !y accompani$ ) a song4 ,!y likewise talk$1 crack$ jokes1 & pres5t$ ! rabbits to ! assembl$ wom54 ,aft] !m !re came o!rs f ! ,nacabkiva1 ea* ) a crook 9 ! left h& & a rattle 9 ! "r4 ,^! wore grotesque masks1 "o repres5t+ an old woman ) a long crook$ /aff 9 h] h&4 ,_! bodies 7 :it5$ & !y wore saddle-mat kilts ar\nd _! lo9s & tortoise rattles on ! "r leg4 ,!y sang a v spirit$ song1 %ak+ _! rattles z !y advanc$4 ,^! 7 six 9 numb] & 7 call$ ! ,p[mkatc9as4 ,directly aft] !m !re came a b& ( ,tatckti1 :o sang & danc$ on ! ro( ( ! kiva4 ,! old m5 )9 repeat$ly invit$ !m to ent] ! room1 & a dialogue ( "s l5g? ensu$4 ,_! lead] c>ri$ a l>ge basket tray 9 :i* 7 f\r cones made ( wood & ea* mud-head _h 9 8 h& a wood5 rod & an eagle lea!r4 ,! lead] plac$ ! cones 9 ! middle ( ! floor 9 a pile1 "o above ! o!r1 ne> ! fireplace4 ,! o!rs danc$ ar\nd ! pile1 ro>+ a song ) mu* dramatic action1 & heap$ up e>s ( corn 9 ! tray4 ,!y !n br\ght a "y m>ri$ woman f ^? assembl$ to ! middle ( ! floor1 :]e %e knelt & tri$ )\t success to lift ! cones z high z ! /aff :i* ! lead] held beside !m4 ,f\r or five o!r wom5 tri$ 9 turn1 & all fail$4 ,! mud-heads !n divid$ ! cones into two piles & "o ( ! wom5 lift$ !m ! requir$ height4 ,all ! ,tatckti#ee !n fell d[n on ! floor & kick$ _! heels 9 ! air1 :ile c]ta9 ( !m /ood on _! heads = a m9ute or two4 ,! woman :o 0 successful 9 lift+ ! cones receiv$ ! cont5ts ( ! tray4 ,! ,tatckti !n left ! room & ! ,katc9as return$ & unmask$1 indicat+ t ?is "p ( ! c]emony 0 ov]4 ,janu>y #ba--;,dur+ la/ night !re 7 c]emonials :i* 7 n se5 9 ! ,mkiva1 9 :i* x 0 said ! ,ahlkatc9a made p>allel m>ks 9 meal on ! f\r sides ( ! kiva & ^u ! ceil+ & floor z 9 ! ,mamzrati & o!r c]emonials4 ,a bas9 ) spr\t+ beans1 :i* _h be5 plant$ at ! full ( ! ,pamiya or ,pa moon 7,janu>y #b7 & :i* 7 ab\t a foot high1 0 br\ght f "o ( ! h\ses opposite ! ,tcvatokiva4 ,! beans1 :i* 7 gr[+ 9 a bas91 7 pluck$ f ! s&1 ti$ into a sep>ate bundle1 & giv5 to ,ahlkatc9a4 ,a l>ge squirrel-sk9 0 fill$ ) meal & giv5 to him1 & he 0 h&$ also a wood5 /aff 7mkohu74 ,! l>ge discoidal mask *>act]i/ic ( ?is p]sonage _h a p\*-l atta*m5t ( bucksk9 :i* 0 pull$ ov] ! head1 ^u :i* 0 a l>ge clu/] ( fea!rs4 ,a :ite kilt 0 worn z a cape & ! sk9 ( a gray fox hung f ! girdle at 8 lo9s4 ,at daylight ,ahlktac9a & ntiwa return$1 pass+ ! gap 7,wala7 & halt+ at ! pahki 7%r9e#ef7 to deposit c]ta9 nakwkwocis & phos4 ,j z ! sun rose ! two visit$ a kiva 9 ,hano4 ,/oop+ d[n 9 front ( x1 ,ahl drew a v]tical m>k ) meal on ! inside ( ! front ( ! hat*way1 on ! side ( ! entrance opposite ! ladd]4 ,he turn$ to ! sun & made six sil5t incl9ations1 aft] :i*1 /&+ erect1 he b5t 8 head backw>d & began a l[ rumbl+ gr[l1 & z he b5t1 8 head =w>d1 rais$ 8 voice to a high falsetto4 ,! s\nd he emitt$ 0 "o long expiration1 & cont9u$ z long z he _h brea?4 ,?is act he repeat$ f\r times &1 turn+ t[>d ! hat*way1 made f\r sil5t incl9ations1 emitt+ ! same f\r *>act]i/ic expiratory calls4 ,! fir/ two ( ^! calls began ) a l[ gr[l1 ! o!r two 7 9 ! same high falsetto f beg9n+ to end4 ,! kiva *ief & two or ?ree o!r pr9cipal memb]s1 ea* c>ry+ a h&ful ( meal1 !n advanc$1 be>+ %ort nakwkwoci hotomni1 :i* !y plac$ 9 8 left h& :ile !y mutt]$ l[1 rev]5t pray]s4 ,!y receiv$ 9 return a few /ems ( ! corn & bean plants :i* ,ahl c>ri$4 ,ahl & ntiwa next proce$$ to ! h\se ( ,tetapobi1#eg :o is ! only repres5tative ( ! ,be> clan 9 ,hano4 ,"h at ! "r-h& side ( ! door ,ahl press$ 8 h& full ( meal aga9/ ! wall at ab\t ! height ( 8 *e/ & mov$ 8 h& upw>d4#eh ,he !n1 z at ! kiva1 turn$ ar\nd & fac$ ! sun1 hold+ 8 /aff v]tically at arm's l5g? ) "o end on ! gr\nd1 & made six sil5t incl9ations & f\r calls4 ,turn+ !n to ! doorway he made f\r incl9ations & f\r calls4 ,he !n w5t to ! h\se ( ,nampyo's "m1 :]e ! same c]emony 0 p]=m$1 & s on to ! h\ses ( ea* man or woman ( ! pueblo :o owns a tponi or o!r pr9cipal wmi 7feti*74 ,he repeat$ ! same c]emony 9 h\ses 9 ,sitcomovi & 9 ,walpi1 :]e ntiwa left him4 ,ahl ent]$ ?is pueblo by ! nor? /reet & pass$ ?r\gh ! passageway to ! ,mkiva4 ,he proce$$ to ! h\ses ( ,kwumawumsi1 ,nasywewe1 ,samiwiki1 & to all ! kivas & ! h\ses ( all ! lead+ *iefs4 ,aft] visit+ all ! kivas & appropriate h\ses m5tion$ above1 ,ahl w5t to ,k[awa9ovi 7! l$ge "u ,talatryuku7 & deposit$ 9 ! pahki all ! (f]+s t he _h receiv$1 aft] :i* he return$ to ! ,mkiva1 dive/$ himself ( 8 c]emonial disguises1 & w5t home4 ,at #b p4 m4 ! ,nvk 7sn[7 ,katc9as came f ! ,nacabki1 l$ by ,soyko4 ,!y 7 n9e 9 numb] & 7 accompani$ by a drumm]4 ,all wore bright plumage on _! heads & _! masks 7 pa9t$ gre5 & :ite1 b t ( ! drumm] 0 p9k4 ,!y 7 adorn$ ) _m necklaces1 & wore :ite kilts & gray fox-sk9s4 ,yell[ /ripes 7 pa9t$ on ! %\ld]s1 ! =e>m1 on ea* brea/ & ! abdom51 & ! bodies ( all 7 /a9$ r$4 ,aft] s++ & danc+ = ab\t five m9utes1 n9e cl[ns 7,tatckti7 came f ! lkiva & danc$ madly ar\nd ! c\rt1 at fir/ indep5d5tly1 b f9ally keep+ /ep ) ! ,katc9as4 ,!y jo9$ 9 l9e "o beh9d ! o!r1 ea* grasp+ ! uplift$ leg ( ! man 9 front ( him1 & !n tumbl$ pell-mell ov] "o ano!r1 %\t+ & laugh+ z !y did s4#ei ,at #b4bj a p]sonification ( ,tcavayo1 array$ 9 a conical black mask ) globul> eyes & great tee?1 ent]$ ! kiva4 ,he c>ri$ a b[ & arr[s 9 8 left h& & a saw 9 8 "r4 ,8 =e>ms & legs 7 pa9t$ black ) :ite spots4 ,?is mon/] disp]s$ ! cl[ns1 dur+ :i* _m ,zui words 7 utt]$4 ,at #b4ej ! ,katc9as aga9 return$ & repeat$ _! =m] dance 9 ! same way z describ$4 ,! antics ( ! ,tatckti cont9u$1 & ! ,katc9as appe>$ aga9 at #d4bj p4 m42 !n lat] at #e1 :5 !y all dep>t$1 n to return4 ,:5 ! ,katc9as retir$ to ,wikytiwa's h\se at #d oclock ! cl[ns w5t d[n into ! lkiva & return$ 9 _! *>act]i/ic procession1 ! drumm] 9 front1 ! o!r eight 9 two l9es ( f\r p]sons4 ,ea* c>ri$ on 8 back a l>ge bundle compos$ ( a f9e blanket1 cotton clo?1 y>n1 & all k9ds ( textile articles ( value4 ,"o also _h ! f\r cones :i* !y _h us$ ! night be=e & a tray ( %ell$ corn ( all colors1 mix$ ) v>i\s k9ds ( se$s4 ,!y laid ! tray 9 ! c5t] ( ! c\rt & spread a blanket beside x1 on :i* !y plac$ all _! bundles4 ,"o ( _! numb] !n pil$ ! cones1 "o on top ( ano!r1 & :ile he 0 do+ ?is ! drumm] rapidly beat 8 drum1 :ile ! o!rs %ook _! rattles & sung vigor\sly4 ,:5 ! cones _h be5 set up "o ( ! m5 s\ght out a girl & br\ght h] to !m & told h] if %e w\ld take hold ( ! l[e/ cone ) bo? h&s1 raise ! pile1 & set x back 9 place )\t lett+ any ( ! cones fall %e %\ld h all ! weal? pil$ on ! blanket4 ,b ! lea/ j> tumbl$ ! cones d[n1 & ea* "o ( ! half doz5 or m girls to :om !y made ! same (f] fail$ 9 turn4 ,!n !y invit$ ! y\?s to try1 & sev]al essay$1 b none 7 able to p]=m ! feat4 ,s ! prize1 d\btless design$ly1 0 left 9 ! orig9al own]'s h&s4 ,!y !n br\ght a blanket full ( hoyiani & plac$ ! cones 9 two piles1 b ev5 !n none ( ! girls succe$$ 9 c>ry+ x4 ,no "o 0 all[$ a second trial4 ,f9ally "o y\?1 ,macakwptiwa1 c>ri$ !m ar\nd safely & won ! prize4 ,he 0 closely foll[$ ar\nd ! pill> by ! ,tatckti %ak+ _! rattles1 s++ & cry+1 8,don't fall1 don't fall10 & :5 he laid !m safely d[n 9 _! orig9al place all ! ,tatckti fell d[n z if dead4 ntiwa !n ran & obta9$ a%es f a cook+ pit & plac$ !m on a private "p ( _! bodies4 ,!n all ! cl[ns got up & danc$ ar\nd ) _! usual pranks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,cvii4 ,a4 ,,ho5 ,,co4 ,,li?4 ,,doll ,,( ,c,,lako ,,mana4 ,a tray full ( corn & o!r se$s :i* 0 set beside ! cones 0 obta9$ by ! ,tatckti f ,nakwayumsi1 ! *ief prie/ess ( ! ,katc9a clan4 ,at ! close ( ! c]emony ntiwa di/ribut$ ^! se$s 9 small h&fuls to all ! wom5 spectators1 to be plant$ ! com+ season4 ,x 0 n le>n$ t ^! se$s 7 consecrat$ by ! prie/ess1 b !y 7 "p ( ^? plant$ 9 ! kivas on ! night ( ! #ba/4 ,janu>y #bb--,! y\ng] m5 br\ght s& f a m\nd#fj & ?rew x d[n 9 a pile at ! ea/ ( ! kiva1 & ea* man1 z he came into ! room ) 8 bas91 box1 or o!r receptacle1 fill$ x ) ?is s&4 ,he !n ?ickly spr9kl$ ! surface ( ! s& ) se$s ( e k9d4 ,"s _h sev]al vessels :i* !y ?us plant$1 & ! old wife ( ,soyko gave h] gr&son a bag ( l>ge :ite beans to plant = h]4#fa ,! bas9s 7 well wat]$1 a hot fire 0 kept 9 ! kiva1 & ! hat* or entrance 0 entirely cov]$ ) a /raw mat to reta9 ! heat 9 ! *amb]1 mak+ x a v]itable ho?\se4 ,janu>y #bd--,no c]emonies occurr$ today1 b con/ant fires 7 ma9ta9$ 9 ! kivas1 f ! heat ( :i* ! beans soon spr\t$4 ,x 0 und]/ood t *ildr5 mu/ n be told t beans 7 gr[+ 9 ! kivas nor be all[$ to look into ! room4 ,janu>y #be--,! ,tatckti w5t out f ! lkiva ?is morn+ = wood1 mak+ _! way nor?w>d1 pa/ ,wala & along ! mesa to ! c$> grove4 ,!y return$ at ev5+1 b left ! wood !y _h ga!r$ at ! gap4#fb ,!re 0 no s++ nor danc+ 9 ! kivas dur+ ! night4 ,janu>y #bf--;,dur+ ! morn+ ! ,tatckti w5t to ,wala to br+ 9 ! wood !y _h collect$ ye/]day4 ,be=e _! dep>ture !y cov]$ _! bodies ) p9ki% clay1 put on an old kilt 7kwca71#fc blue legg+s1 & masks ) knobs4 ,ea* c>ri$ an eagle-tail fea!r 9 ! left & a small g\rd 9 ! "r h&4 ,!y return$ along ! trail1 m>*+ 9 s+le file1 ) ! loads ( wood on _! backs1 /amp+ _! feet z !y came4 ,!y likewise %ook _! rattles & occasionally turn$ & walk$ backw>d4 ,!y fir/ assembl$ ar\nd ea* ( ! kiva hat*ways 9 ,hano1 s++ & *aff+ "o ano!r1 & 7 spr9kl$ ) meal by ! kiva *iefs4 ,proce$+ onw>d to ,sitcomovi1 !y w5t to ! entrances ( ! kivas ( ?is pueblo & 7 !re spr9kl$ ) meal by ! *iefs z !y sang _! curi\s songs1 accompany+ !m ) a /amp+ ( ! feet & a rotat+ movem5t ( ! body4 ,x 0 aft] #a oclock :5 !y arriv$ at ,walpi1 = !y halt$ a %ort "t at ! neck ( ! mesa to arrange _! loads4 ,z !y ent]$ ! pueblo !y advanc$ along ! s\? /reet s++ z !y w5t4 ,at ! entrance to ,tcvatokiva !y /opp$ & told ,pauwatwa a faceti\s /ory ( _! wood-ga!r+4 ,he spr9kl$ !m ) meal1 & !y !n w5t on to ! dance c\rt & set d[n _! bundles1 all ! "t mak+ a droll byplay4 ,!y !n sep>at$ into p>ties ( two or ?ree memb]s & visit$ ! h\ses ( sev]al wom51 ) :om !y left "o or m bundles ( wood4 ,^! wom5 _h previ\sly prep>$ nakwkwocis1 :i* !y gave to ! cl[ns ) a h&ful ( meal4 ,aft] all ! wood _h be5 di/ribut$1 ) mu* rollick+ fun1 sev]al wom5 gave !m food1 & ! small p>ties ( ,tatckti resum$ _! songs & m>*$ ?r\gh ! dance c\rt1 :]e !y all assembl$4 ,"o ( !m 0 a drumm]1 :o sat 9 ! middle ( ! c\rt1 & ! o!rs danc$ ab\t him 9 a circle1 s++ a ,zui song4 ,pauwatwa1 ntiwa1 ,tcsra1 & ,soyko spr9kl$ !m ) meal1 & ! fir/-m5tion$ invit$ ! wom5 :o _h be5 giv5 wood to approa*1 :i* !y did1 spr9kl+ ! individual ,tatcktis ) meal4 ,_! masks 7 !n h>%ly remov$ & ?ru/ into a bag1 ti$ up 9 a bundle1 & c>ri$ to ! h\se ( ,wikytiwa4 ,mo/ ( ! food :i* !y _h receiv$ 0 c>ri$ d[n into ! lkiva1 :i* 0 ! assemblage place ( ! ,tatckti 9 ?is c]emony4 ,9 all ! kivas ! beans _h spr\t$ & 7 n[ call$ hzr 7angul>71 possibly s nam$ f ! angle =m$ by ! cotyl$ons ) ! /em4 ,:5 !y _h gr[n some:at high] !y 7 call$ wuphazr 7great or long1 angul>74 ,janu>y #bh--,no c]emonials 7 obs]v$ on ?is day4 ,janu>y #bi--,?is 0 call$ ! fir/ c]emonial day ( ! ,p[muh4 ,ab\t #aa oclock la/ night ! ,natcka donn$ _! masks 9 ! lkiva1 & ! man :o took ! "p ( ,hahawqti1 ! "m ( ! ,natckas1 put on h] disguise & took h] long junip] b\gh4 ,hhawe w5t up ! ladd]1 /&+ on x ) 8 %\ld]s j above ! hat*way1 :ile ! "m ( ! mon/]s /ood at ! foot ( ! same 9 ! room4 ,assum+ a holl[ falsetto voice1 9 :i* ! "m ( ! ,natckas always speaks1 %e ann\nc$ t %e 0 ready to visit ! *ildr54 ,hhawe %\t$ 8 replies to h] 9 a voice audible ?r\gh ! pueblo t ! *ildr5 7 all asleep & t %e _h bett] put (f h] visit to !m until ! morn+4 ,a dialogue1 ! real object ( :i* 0 to ann\nce to ! *ildr5 t ! ,natckas _h arriv$1 0 ma9ta9$ = five m9utes1 & ,hhawe !n w5t d[n ! ladd]2 ! ,natckas & ,hahawqti took (f _! masks & all laid d[n to sleep4 ,ab\t #d4bj p4 m4 ! ,tewa p]sonification ( ,hahawqti1 accompani$ by "o ,natcka1 came to ,walpi & w5t to ,kkyanwqti's & ,kele's h\ses1 giv+ to ! little girls a few se$s & a sn>e ( yucca %r$4 ,!y dress$ ! ,walpi ,hahawqti1 ,natckas1 & ,soykmana 9 ! lkiva at #d4be p4 m4 ,hahawqti c>ri$1 besides a :it5$ g\rd ladle1 a basket 7pota7 conta9+ two e>s ( corn1 & two boil$ hoyani1 "s squa% se$s1 & a small bundle ( /icks1 ( :i* %e gave "o to ea* little girl1 :o w lat] r$eem x by pres5t+ ,hahawqti ) "s htomni4 ,%e gave ea* little boy1 :o w also r$eem x ) "s k9ds ( game1 a %r$ ( yucca loop$ to a /ick at ! butt end 7a rude sn>e74 ,natcka & ,nam wore clo? %irts1 tr\s]s & bucksk9 legg+s1 & two bucksk9s hung z loose mantles ov] _! %\ld]s4 ,! =m] c>ri$ a tortoise-%ell rattle on 8 "r leg1 & _h a b[ & arr[s 9 8 left h& & an arr[ 9 ! "r4 ,soykmana _h ! hair sme>$ ) :ite clay4 ,%e wore a loose mantle & :i/l$ z ,natcka hoot$4 ,hahawqti wore a fox-sk9 ar\nd ! neck4 ,! h&s ( all 7 :it5$4 ,soykmana wore a hide\s black mask & 0 dress$ 9 dilapidat$ clo?+4 ,%e _h a l>ge knife 9 h] left h& & a crook 9 h] "r 7plates ,,cv & ,,cvi74 ,! ,natcka helmets _h turkey-tail fea!rs#fd closely radiat+ v]tically at ! cr[n1 & !y wore a clo? %irt & tr\s]s1 ) belt ) silv] disks4 ,ea* _h bucksk9 legg+s & wore a fox-sk9 ar\nd ! base ( ! mask2 two l>ge bucksk9s hung z mantles ov] ! "r %\ld]4 ,he c>ri$ a b[ & arr[s#fe 9 ! left h& & ) 8 "r h& he receiv$ ! food & plac$ x 9 ! tozrki#ff slung ov] 8 "r %\ld]4 ,soykmana 0 p]sonifi$ by a lad ( #ab ye>s1 we>+ a woman's blanket 7kwca7 & a bucksk9 mantle4 ,he _h a nakwkwoci1 /a9$ r$1 ti$ to ! scalp lock4 ,a simil> gr\p1 all co/um$ id5tically1 0 prep>$ 9 ea* ( ! ?ree villages4 ,! gr\p ( ,tewa p]sonifications w5t to e h\se 9 t pueblo & !n to ! h\ses 9 o!r villages :]e m5 f ,hano h m>ri$4 ,! gr\ps ( ! o!r t[ns g fir/ to ! h\ses ( _! own pueblo & !n to ! h\ses 9 ! o!r villages :]e m5 h transf]r$ !mselves by m>riage4 ,:5 ! ,walpi gr\p _h f9i%$ _! ex]cises at ,hano & ,sitcomovi !y w5t back to ,walpi & proce$$ along ! front side ( _! pueblo to _! own kiva1 :]e !y disrob$ ab\t d>k4 ,! object ( ! exhibition 0 to fright5 *ildr5 :o exhibit$ fe> ( !m1 b *ildr5 #f ye>s ( age or !reab\ts 7 some:at famili> ) !m1 & :ile x 0 evid5t !y held ! mon/]s 9 consid]able awe !y tri$ to assume a bold front :5 receiv+ ! se$s & sn>es4#fg ,at #h4cj a man p]sonify+ ,tmckatc9a ran ?r\gh ,walpi f ! ,mkiva t[>d ,wala1 emitt+ hoots z he w5t4 ,a full half h\r aft]1 ab\t #i oclock1 a gr\p ( mask$ b unco/um$ m5 wrapp$ 9 blankets w5t to ! kiva hat*es & utt]$ mo/ f]oci\s groans = f\r or five m9utes4 ,?is 0 done 9 an in=mal mann]1 b 0 said to be prescrib$ c]emonially4 ,janu>y #cj--;,betwe5 #g & #h oclock ,wikokuitkatc9a em]g$ f ! lkiva1 pass$ ar\nd ,walpi to ! ea/ end ( ! pueblo1 & !n d[n ?r\gh ! nor? lane1 pa/ ntiwa's h\se1 "u ! passageways back to ! lkiva4 ,8 body 0 pa9t$ :ite & he wore a blanket ti$ ) a girdle 7wukokw5a71 a fox-sk9 dangl+ at 8 lo9s4 ,no?+ 0 elicit$ 9 relation to ?is ev5t4 ,betwe5 #h & #i oclock unco/um$ gr\ps ( ,tatckti w5t to ! entrances ( ! kivas & laid !mselves prone ^u ! hat*1 _! heads project+ ov] its edges4 ,sev]al ( !m utt]$ _! *>act]i/ic gr[ls & pret5d$ to sn>l at & worry "o ano!r1 possibly imitat+ f]oci\s animals or mon/]s4 ,"o ( !m c>ri$ on a dialogue ) "s "o 9 ! kiva4 ,at #i oclock ,tmac & two ,tuwpkatc9a 7mask$ b unco/um$7 made ! t\r ( ! pueblos1 emitt+ peculi> hoots4 ,betwe5 #i & #aj oclock ,owana zrozrokatc9a & ,wupmokatc9a appe>$ sep>ately1 ea* mak+ a solit>y t\r ( ! village4 ,!y 7 n mask$1 b s wrapp$ 9 blankets t _! masks 7 n visible4 ,at #aj oclock ! ,hano cl[ns & ,natcka gr\p came to ,walpi & p]=m$ ! same c]emony z ! ,walpi gr\p1 :i* has be5 describ$4 ,!re 0 in=mal s++ 9 all ! kivas4 ,janu>y #ca--;,dur+ ?is day ! masks ( ,hililikatc9a & ,soykmana 7 pa9t$4 ,aft] d>k a mask$ man 7,katc9a n kn[n7 ru%$ ?r\gh ! pueblo1 & %ortly aft] ,tmac & h] two sons 7,tuwpkatc9a71 unmask$1 ran ?r\gh ! pueblo hoot+4 ,ab\t #i oclock delegates f ,sitcomovi1 ) a drum & rattles1 made ! r\nds ( ,walpi & c>ri$ on a dialogue ) ! kiva *ief4 ,at #aj oclock #ah ,tcakwanakatc9as came to ! ,mkiva f ,hano4 ,!y 7 nak$1 save a bree*clo?1 b _! bodies & limbs 7 ornam5t$ ) :ite zigzag m>k+s4 ,!y wore fillets ( a doz5 or m yucca b&s ar\nd ! head1 & necklaces 9 pr(usion on _! necks4 ,!y pass$ 9 succession into ! kivas1 danc+ a few m9utes 9 ea*1 & return$ home %ortly be=e midnight4 ,febru>y #a--,sev]al thus 7dolls7 7 c>v$ 9 ! kivas1 to be di/ribut$ to ! *ildr5 z 9 ! ,nimnkatc9a4 ,tumac & h] sons w5t ar\nd ! pueblo ab\t half pa/ #g oclock1 z on =m] ev5+s4 ,9 ! ,tcivatokiva #ad m5 & a boy ab\t #aj ye>s ( age1 ) ,pauwatwa z *ief1 :it5$ _! faces1 b\nd a fillet ar\nd _! =eheads1 & made curi\s cresc5tic m>ks on _! *eeks4 ,!y aft]w>d danc$ & sang4 ,sitcomovi prie/s1 beg9n+ at ! ,mkiva1 made =mal visits to ea* kiva 9 ,walpi4 ,!re 7 #ab ( ^! m5 & !y 7 decorat$ l ^? ( ! ,tcivatokiva4 ,!y sang ,sohmiskatc9a songs1 b wore no masks4 ,!y lat] visit$ ! ,sitcomovi kivas4 ,! ,tcivatokiva p !n put on _! kilts1 ti$ on _! turtle-%ell rattles1 took _! junip] /affs & g\rd rattles1 &1 l$ by ,pauwatwa1 w5t to ! lkiva1 & lat] to all ! o!r kivas1 :]e !y danc$ & sang ,pawik 7duck7 ,katc9a songs4 ,pauwatwa spr9kl$ meal on ! ,katc9as f ,sitcomovi be=e !y began1 & ! *iefs ( ! o!r kivas did ! same to ^? :o visit$ !m be=e !y op5$ _! dance4 ,febru>y #b--,?is aft]noon #h girls1 assi/$ by ! m51 wa%$ ! walls ( ! ,mkiva ) a ?9 mud made ( valley s&4 ,! foll[+ girls took "p 9 ?is "w3 ,kaiynsi1 ,humisi1 ,humta1 ,lnho 7a woman71 ,lenaisi1 ,tuvwaisi1 ,hokwti1 & ,hnka4 ,! girls also made mud designs1 lightn+ symbols1 & h&-pr9ts on ! raft]s ( ! room4 ,tuwpkatc9a#fh 7p]sonifi$ by ,takla7 array$ himself z foll[s3 ,he donn$ tr\s]s made ( cotton clo? & wrapp$ himself 9 a blanket1 "u :i* he conceal$ all 8 p>aph]nalia4 ,he receiv$ two bun*es ( yucca ) ab\t twelve or fifte5 leaves 9 ea* bun*1 & conceal+ !m "u 8 blanket ha/5$ (f to ! nor!a/]n end ( ! village4 ,!re he array$ himself1 & at #e p4 m4 he return$1 runn+ back & hoot+ z he came1 until he halt$ at ! c\rt1 :]e he kept trott+ up & d[n1 m>k+ "t4 ,he wore a mud-head helmet ) a black b& across ! eyes1 & p>rakeet fea!rs on ! top ( ! head4 ,turkey-tail fea!rs 7 arrang$ radiat+ horizontally f ! cr[n to ! back ( ! head4 ,he wore also a cotton %irt & a kilt gird$ ) a :ite belt 7wukkw5a74 ,he _h yell[ clay on 8 legs & a tortoise-%ell rattle bel[ ea* knee4 ,8 moccas9s 7 pa9t$ black4 ,a :ip or bun* ( yucca ) ! butts 9 front 0 held 9 ea* h&4 ,! *ildr5 :o 7 flogg$ 7 br\ght to ,tuwup 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,! "m1 sometimes accompani$ by ! fa!r1 l$ ! *ild to ! c\rt1 & if x 7 a boy ! godfa!r took him 9 *>ge4 ,he gave ! lad an e> ( corn1 8 tctcnunwa1 & a h&ful ( pray] meal1 & l$ ! fright5$ *ild close up to ,tuwup4 ,! godfa!r prompt$ ! boy1 :o ca/ 8 h&ful ( meal on or t[>d ,tuwup4 ,! godfa!r also ca/ meal on ! same p]sonage & !n dive/$ ! boy ( all 8 clo?+ & pres5t$ ! lad ) 8 back t[>d ,tuwup1 :o all ?is "t _h ma9ta9$ 8 trott+ motion b )\t advanc+4 ,tuwup !n pli$ "o ( 8 yucca w&s vigor\sly1 giv+ ! boy five or six =cible la%es on ! back4 ,aft] ?is 0 ov] ! godfa!r )drew ! scream+ boy & ti$ a nakwkwoci to 8 scalplock4 ,! "m 0 /&+ by & hurri$ly cov]$ h] son1 fright5$ ) 8 puni%m5t1 & l$ him home1 b ! "m 0 c>eful to see t he c>ri$ 8 tctcnunwa 9 8 h&4 ,if ! *ild 7 a girl1 h] godmo!r l$ h] up to ,tuwup1 b h] little g[n 0 n tak5 (f2 only ! mantle 0 remov$ = ! flogg+4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 h[ev]1 ! bl[s 7 deliv]$ ) en\gh =ce to cause consid]able pa91 b h] cry+ probably result$ z mu* f fright z f physical suff]+4 ,! godmo!r l$ ! little girl back to h] home1 aft] hav+ ca/ meal on ,tuwup1 & 0 v c>eful t ! *ild c>ri$ h] tctcnunwa4 ,!re 7 five *ildr5 ( age v>y+ f ab\t eight to t5 ye>s :o 7 ?us flagellat$4 ,aft] ea* boy 0 flogg$ ! godfa!r ca/ meal t[>d ,tuwup & !n held out 8 own b>$ arms & legs successively1 :i* ,tuwup la%$ f\r or five times ) all 8 might2 b no wom5 7 submitt$ to ?is flagellation4 ,sev]al m5 :o _h "s ailm5t also w5t up to ,tuwup1 & ca/+ meal ^u him receiv$ la%es on _! b>e arms & legs4 ,! man :o p]sonifi$ ,tuwup ex]cis$ consid]able discretion 9 p]=m+ 8 duty4 ,9 ! case ( a little girl :o %[$ m ?an ord9>y fe>1 he simply :irl$ 8 yucca :ip ov] h] head )\t t\*+ h]1 & !n motion$ h] away2 b on ! arms & legs ( ! adults he laid 8 :ip )\t re/ra9t4 ,:5 all _h be5 flagellat$1 ,pauwatwa came up f 8 kiva & gave ,tuwup a h&ful ( meal & a nakwkwoci1 :o !n trott$ (f1 go+ outside ! pueblo1 possibly to pres]ve ! illusion among ! *ildr5 t he 0 a real ,katc9a :o _h visit$ ! pueblo f af>4 ,= f\r successive morn+s ! flagellat$ *ild 0 tak5 to a po9t on ! mesa call$ ,talatiyuka & !re deposit$ a nakwkwoci 9 a %r9e & ca/ meal t[>d ! sun4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! *ild 0 n p]mitt$ to eat salt nor fle%1 b on ! f\r? day a little be=e sunset ?is ab/95ce ceas$1 & ! *ild might h5ce=? look ^u ,katc9as & sacr$ objects 9 ! kivas )\t h>m4 ,! prim>y significance ( ! flogg+ seems to be t until *ildr5 h acquir$ suffici5t intellig5ce or are eight or t5 ye>s ( age1 !y are made to believe t ! ,katc9as1 appe>+ at ea* dance1 are sup]human visitors1 & !y are nev] p]mitt$ to see an unmask$ ,katc9a4 ,:5 !y h matur$ en\gh or h suffici5t und]/&+1 !y are in/ruct$ t ! real#fi ,katc9as h long s9ce ceas$ _! visits to mank9d & are m]ely imp]sonat$ by m52 b !y acquire t k at ! exp5se ( a s\nd flogg+1 su* z ,i h j describ$4 ,at #aj oclock six ,tctckt 7cl[ns71 accompani$ by ,pptuku1 :o 0 dress$ z an old woman & wore an old mask1 pass$ ab\t ! pueblo f "o kiva to ano!r4 ,^! six p]sons ent]$ ! ,mkiva1 & ,pptuku1 aft] "s urg+1 foll[$ !m4 ,"o ( ! ,tctckt 0 s5t out1 & ! o!r five 9 succession took a p9* ( a%es 9 ! left h& f ! fireplace1 & pois+ x z if tak+ aim at some?+ ?r\gh ! hat* /ruck (f ! a%es ) ! "r h&4 ,a few m9utes lat] f\r ,wuwyomokatc9as we>+ *>act]i/ic masks appe>$ at ! kiva hat* ) turkey fea!rs radiat+ v]tically ar\nd ! upp] "p4 ,!y c>ri$ mkohus#gj & an undress$ sk9 p\*4 ,_! lead]1 ,silnktiwa1 0 )\t co/ume1 & ,clako1 ,kwtcakwa1 & sev5 o!r unmask$ p]sons foll[$4 ,_! faces & bodies 7 :it5$1 ! hair hang+ loose1 & limbs b>e4 ,!y wore plumes ( gaudy fea!rs on _! heads1 7 array$ 9 :ite kilts1 & held crooks 9 _! h&s4 ,a p]sonage call$ ,etoto#ga prec$$ !m1 & ,hahawqti1 cont9ually talk+1 foll[$4 ,! procession 0 clos$ by a w>rior 7,kalktaka71#gb :o c>ri$ a bundle ( arr[s 9 "o h& & a b[ & arr[s 9 ! o!r1 & frequ5tly hoot$4 ,! unco/um$ *orus1 compos$ ( ab\t twelve p]sons1 accompani$ by a drumm]1 foll[$ 9 a clu/]4 ,:5 ! lead+ ,wuwyomo came to ! ,mkiva he ?rew d[n ! hat*way a ball ( moi/ meal1 :i* /ruck ! middle ( ! floor4 ,aft] ?is ann\ncem5t he 0 clamor\sly invit$ by ^? )9 ! *amb] to ent]1 :i* he did1 foll[$ by ! o!rs4 ,ea* ,wuwyomo bore a bundle ( de] scapul1 :i* he clank$ z a rattle1 & all 7 spr9kl$ ) meal by ntiwa z !y ent]$ ! kiva4 ,!y aft]w>d fil$ to ! we/]n side ( ! room :]e ! plants 7 gr[+2 !y sang = ab\t five m9utes1 all /&+4 ,:5 ,etoto ent]$ ! *amb] he made on ! floor ) meal f\r symbols ( ! ra9 cl\d1 "o 9 advance ( ! o!r1 & ea* ( ! ,clakos squatt$ on "o ( ^! symbols4 ,! *orus1 rema9+ outside1 cont9u$ _! song = a few m9utes1 :ile ! ,wuwyomos 7 s++4 ,^? :o _h la/ ent]$ ! kiva !n pass$ out 9 ! same ord]1 & z !y did s 7 spr9kl$ ) meal1 & ea* ( ! f\r ,wuwyomos 0 h&$ a nakwkwoci4 ,!y !n visit$ ! o!r ,walpi kivas1 :]e no obs]vations 7 made1 b ! same c]emonials 7 probably repeat$4 ,aft] ?is !y w5t (f to p]=m ! same c]emonies 9 ! kivas ( o!r villages on ! mesa4 ,at #aa oclock a gr\p ( #ab m5 & a boy f ,hano1 co/um$ b accompani$ by an unco/um$ fiddl]1#gc visit$ all ! kivas 9 succession4 ,_! bodies 7 pa9t$ :ite & !y _h plumes 9 _! hair1 b 7 unmask$4 ,ea* wore a fox sk9 dep5d+ f ! lo9s1 0 b>efoot1 & c>ri$ a g\rd rattle 9 ! "r h& & a sprig ( spruce 9 ! left h&4 ,_! visits 7 expect$1 b !y p]sonat$ no especial ,katc9a & aft] _! dep>ture1 ! m5 9 ! ,mkiva rehe>s$ a song4 ,febru>y #c--,no c]emonial took place ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,! walls ( ! kivas 7 r5ovat$ by ! girls ) a wa% ( mud1 & e kiva on ! mesa 0 repla/]$ 9 ?is way dur+ ! fe/ival4 ,febru>y #d--,?is day ! manufacture ( thus 7dolls7 w5t on 9 all ! kivas1 & !re 0 a cont9uation ( ! repla/]+ & decoration ( ! walls ( ^! *amb]s4 ,at #i oclock a dialogue simil> to t above record$ on ! #bi? ( ,janu>y took place betwe5 ,hahawqti & ! kiva *ief4 ,! =m] wi%$ to g among ! *ildr51 b 0 told t x 0 v d>k & ! *ildr5 7 asleep4 ,%e 0 f9ally prevail$ on to wait until ! morr[4 ,at #aj p4 m4 #bj unmask$ p]sons1#gd m5 & wom5 ) fl[+ hair1 f ,sitcomovi visit$ all ! ,walpi kivas4 ,ea* ( ! male p]sonators c>ri$ a n>r[ gre5 tablet 7pavayikaci71#ge fr+$ ) long r$ hair & decorat$ ) a symbol ( ! sun pa9t$ 9 colors4 ,ea* _h a g\rd rattle1 & a /ick ab\t #b feet long1 to ! end ( :i* 0 atta*$ half a g\rd pa9t$ to repres5t a squa% blossom1 0 held 9 ! "r h&4 ,! #aj m5 p]sonat+ wom5 7 n co/um$4 ,! lead] c>ri$ a l>ge ,oraibi basket tray ) a broad1 brightly color$ h&le4 ,9 ?is 0 an effigy ( a bird4 ,he set ?is tray on ! floor ne> ! fireplace1 & aft] ! *ief ( ! kiva _h spr9kl$ ! visitors ) meal a male & a female p]sonator advanc$ f ! we/]n end ( ! kiva to ! fireplace4 ,! man pick$ up ! basket on ! butt end ( 8 /ick & pres5t$ x to ! woman1 :o held x 9 bo? h&s & danc$ a few mom5ts1 :ile all ! o!rs sang4 ,%e !n laid ! tray d[n & pass$ to ! nor!rn side ( ! *amb]1 ! man retir+ to ! s\!rn side4 ,aft] ! o!r c\ples _h p]=m$ ! same c]emony !y left ! kivas4 ,imm$iately aft] _! dep>ture #bh p]sonators f ,hano ent]$4 ,^! consi/$ ( male & female deities1 ! latt] p]sonat$ by m54 ,! =m] pass$ to ! s\!rn1 ! latt] to ! nor!rn side ( ! kiva4 ,ea* ( ! male p]sonages wore a yucca fillet on 8 head & 8 legs 7 decorat$ ) clay /reaks2 he wore :ite kilts & girdles1 ) dep5d5t fox-sk9s4 ,!y also _h tortoise rattles on ! legs & c>ri$ a g\rd rattle 9 ! "r h&4 ,_! co/ume 0 z foll[s3 ,!y 7 )\t masks2 ! hair 0 loose & an imitation ( a squa% blossom 0 ti$ !re94 ,! face 0 n color$1 b on ! "r %\ld] curv+ to ! brea/ 0 daub$ a mass ( blue & gre5 pigm5t4 ,on ! left %\ld] & ov] ! brea/ !y 7 pa9t$ ) yell[1 & bright r$ /reaks 7 drawn f ! neck d[n ! c5t] ( ! brea/ & middle ( ! back4 ,! upp] "p ( ! "r arm 0 color$ yell[1 ! left =e>m gre51 ! upp] "p ( ! left arm gre54 ,^! colors 7 rev]s$ on ! "r arm4 ,! "r leg also 0 yell[ & ! left leg 0 gre5 ) two contra/+ b&s bel[ ! knee4 ,! h&s1 wai/1 & upp] portion ( ! ?ighs 7 :it5$4 ,!y likewise wore :ite kilts ti$ ) girdles 7wukokwna & nanelkwna74 ,a gray fox-sk9 dep5d$ f ! lo9s4 ,ea* _h a tortoise %ell rattle on ! "r leg & on ! left leg g5]ally a g>t] to :i* small sleigh-bells 7 atta*$4 ,_! moccas9s 7 blue or gre54 ,9 8 "r h& ea* c>ri$ a blue or gre5 pa9t$ rattle1 & 9 ! left a sprig or small bran* ( spruce4 ,^? p]sonat+ females nei!r wore fox-sk9s nor held any?+ 9 ! left h&4 ,! female p]sonators c>ri$ 9 ! left h& a bundle ( /raw held well up be=e ! face4 ,aft] !y _h be5 spr9kl$ ) meal !y began to s+1 & ! c\ple 9 ! c5t] on ! we/ side jo9$ h&s1 hold+ !m above ! head--! female ) ! palm turn$ up1 ! male ) ! palm d[n & f+]s imbricat$4 ,!y advanc$ close to ! fireplace & !n return$ to _! respective places4 ,! p]sonators execut$ ?is figure f\r times 9 sequ5ce & !n w5t out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,cviii4 ,a4 ,,ho5 ,,co4 ,,li?4 ,,katc9a ,,mask ,,) ,,squa% ,,blossom ,,app5dage ,,& ,,ra9 ,,cl\d ,,symbolism4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is pres5tation ! delegation f ! ,mkiva1 l$ by a mask$ p]son1 ent]$4 ,! bodily decorations ( ^! 7 n uni=m2 "o _h a figure ( a g\rd drawn on 8 brea/1 ano!r zigzag l9es1 & /ill ano!r p>allel b>s4 ,! males c>ri$ a g\rd rattle 9 ! "r h&2 !y wore no fillets on ! head b all[$ ! hair to hang loosely4 ,! female p]sonators held a bun* ( /raw#gf & a sprig ( spruce 9 ! left h&1 c>ry+ x high up be=e ! face4 ,!y sang ! same song & execut$ ! same figure z t already m5tion$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ! pres5tation by ! m5 f ! village ( ,hano4 ,! gr\ps f9i%$ _! visits at ab\t midday4 ,febru>y #e--;,at e>lie/ dawn 7#e a4 m47 ei!r ! *ief or "o ( 8 eld]s r\s$ all ! sleep]s 9 ! kiva1 & ea* spread 8 blanket beside 8 bas9 ( gr[+ plants4 ,he !n c>efully pluck$ ! plants1 "o by "o1 s z n to bruise ei!r /alk or roots4 ,he laid !m on ! blanket 9 an ord]ly pile1 ! leaves toge!r4 ,! s& :i* rema9$ 9 ! bas9 0 c>ri$ to "s place :]e *ildr5 w\ld n see x1 & ! vessels 7 dri$ be=e ! kiva fire & hidd5 away 9 ! h\ses out ( sight ( ! pry+ eyes ( ! "y ones4 ,ne>ly all ! plants 7 ti$ ) a yucca %r$ & a sprig ( spruce 7symbol ( a ,katc9a71 9 neat bundles1 leav+ loose bights ( ! yucca by :i* to hold !m4 ,ea* prie/ also ti$ up ! dolls :i* he _h made4 ,all traces ( ! soil 9 :i* ! corn _h be5 =c$ to spr\t _h disappe>$ long be=e dawn4 ,! pres5ts 7dolls7 :i* 7 made 9 ! ,tcivatoki 7 !n di/ribut$ by a man p]sonify+ ,pawkkatc9a1 "u ! in/ruction ( ^? :o _h fa%ion$ !m4 ,! di/ribut+ ,katc9as ( ! ,nacabki 7 two ,nvktc9as1#gg & ! same did ?is duty ) ! dolls 9 ! ,mkiva4 ,= ! lkiva two ,tco%hwh p]=m$ ?is duty4 ,^! ,katc9as & two p]sons call$ ,kawaka 7,k]es7 f ,sitcomovi bu/l$ ab\t ! pueblo on _! err&s & ! di/ribution 0 f9i%$ ab\t sunrise4 ,! m5 did n speak :5 !y approa*$ a h\se ) _! gifts1 b hoot$ aft] ! cu/om>y mann] ( ,katc9as4 ,almo/ half an h\r be=e sunrise ! ,soykmana pass$ ar\nd ! kivas1 hold+ a dialogue at ! hat*ways ) ! *iefs inside4 ,%e wore a black conical mask ) r$ m\? & :ite tee?1 & 0 co/um$ z an old woman4 ,9 ! "r h& %e bore a crook #g feet long1 at ! end ( :i* 7 ti$ _m %ells4 ,9 ! left h& %e c>ri$ a knife sme>$ ) rabbit blood4 ,hhwh also held a dialogue ) ! kiva *iefs & made gifts ( wat]melons & squa%es to v>i\s p]sons4 ,at #aa4cj a4 m4 ,soykmana1 ,hahawqti1 & ! ,natckas 7plate ,,cvi7 made a visit to all ! h\ses4 ,!y 7 foll[$ by two ,hehakatc9as#gh ) bags & p\*es ( food rec5tly receiv$1 & aft] !m foll[$ ?ree black & two :ite ,natckas4 ,^! five w5t toge!r & 7 con/antly 9 motion1 mov+ or beat+ "t ) _! feet4 ,! /range company w5t to ea* h\se dem&+ food1 & :5 x 0 refus$ or poor quality (f]$ ! ,natckas utt]$ a hoot l an owl1 & at ! same "t ,soykmana :i/l$4 ,!y refus$ to leave a h\se until prop] food _h be5 giv5 !m1 & if a *ild :o _h n be5 c]emonially flogg$ appe>$ ) ! "m its eyes 7 %ad$ by ! "m's h& :ile %e pres5t$ food to ! ,natckas4 ,betwe5 #ab & #a oclock ntiwa1 assi/$ by ,hoyi & ,letaiyo1 f9i%$ mak+ twelve sets ( ckwa 7blue7 phos1 mo/ ( :i* 7 compos$ ( two /icks ( uni=m diamet]1 & only "o set %[$ ! flat face *>act]i/ic ( ! female4 ,!y likewise made twelve nakwkwoci hotomni1 consi/+ ( a twig ab\t #b feet long f :i* f\r nakwkwocis dep5d$ at int]vals1 & twelve simple fea!r$ /r+s4 ,:5 ^! 7 f9i%$ ntiwa plac$ !m 9 a tray ( meal beside ! spap & br\ght f ! p>aph]nalia closet ( ! kiva six e>s ( corn ( diff]5t colors1 8 tponi1 two nkwipis & z _m asp]gills1 two or m rattles1 & o!r bundles conta9+ ! rema9+ p>aph]nalia ( ! cl\d-*>m alt>4 ,at #a4cj p4 m4 he plac$ a small hillock ( s& back ( ! spap & deposit$ 8 tponi upright ^u x2 he !n made ! cl\d-*>m alt>1#gi arrang+ ! corn at ! ends ( six radial l9es ( meal 9 a s9i/ral circuit1 plac+ two cry/als ^u ea* e> ( corn except t correspond+ to ! nadir4 ,! asp]gills 7makwmpis7 also 7 laid d[n beside ea* e> ( corn except t :i* 0 symbolic ( ! nadir4 ,! sequ5ce ( c]emonials :i* !n took place ab\t ?is alt> 0 z foll[s3 #a4 ,c]emonial smoke4 #b4 ,pray]s4 #c4 ,liquid p\r$ into ! cr5elat$ vessel or nkwipi4 #d4 ,songs4 ,synopsis ( c]emonial ev5ts dur+ ! songs3 7a7 ,meal %ak5 f ! six asp]gills into ! liquid4 7b7 ,:i/l+ into ! liquid ?r\gh a turkey bone1 & asp]g+ to ! c>d9al po9ts ) ! same1 six times 9 all4 7c7 ,meal ca/ into liquid1 on tray ( phos & ov] ! tponi 9 c]emonial circuit4 7d7 ,poll5 ca/ on ! same objects 9 sequ5ce4 #e4 ,pray]s4 #f4 ,c]emonial smoke into ! liquid ) two pipes4 ,at ! close ( ?is obs]vance ,hahawqti & ! ,natckas came to ! kiva hat* & a comic dialogue ensu$4 ,%e dem&$ meat & o!r food1 & ! eld]s w5t up ! ladd] & refus$ to grant h] wi%es4 ,natcka hoot$ & ,soykmana :i/l$ back1 & !n ! ,hehakatc9as ?rew d[n ! end ( _! l>iat1 & ^? 9 ! kiva bel[ hung a piece ( %eepsk9 & horns ( goats to x4 ntiwa !n call$ two y\?s1 & )\t ano9t+ !m#hj gave !m in/ructions :]e to deposit ! (f]+s :i* _h be5 consecrat$ on ! cl\d-*>m alt>4#ha ,"o y\? 0 told to deposit 8 at %r9es 9 a circuit1 beg9n+ ) ,tawapa 7,sun spr+71 & ! o!r at ,kokyanba 7,spid] spr+7 & ,tuveskyabi4 ,two sets ( (f]+s 7 left1 & ^! ) ,katc9as 7 plac$ on ! s\?we/ po9t ( ! mesa4 ,?is clos$ ! c]emony1 = ntiwa !n replac$ ! plug ( ! spap & ti$ up 8 tponi & o!r p>aph]nalia4 ,! ,natcka gr\p w5t to ! ,wikwaliobikiva1 & !re ,syoko gave ea* ( !m & ! ,hehakatc9a a h&ful ( meal & a nakwkwoci4 ,talhoya blew puffs ( smoke ov] !m4 ,!y !n m>*$ ar\nd ! h\ses to ! ,nacabki1 along ! plaza to ,tcivatoki1 & !n to lkiva1 :]e !y begg$ = meat & held comic dialogues ) diff]5t *iefs4 ,at ! la/-m5tion$ place !re came f ! kiva six m5 array$ & co/um$ z ! ,mamzrati tcatumakaa1 :o1 s++ z !y w5t1 m>*$ to ! dance c\rt & halt$ close to ! edge ( ! cliff1 fac+ ! h\ses4 ,! ,natcka gr\p accompani$ !m1 & two m5 p]sonify+ ,hehakatc9as assum$ erotic p>oxysms & lay d[n on _! backs on ! gr\nd close to ! disguis$ ,mamzrati p]sonages1 endeavor+ to lift up _! kilts & p]=m+ obsc5e actions4 ,!n !y roll$ on ! gr\nd 9 assum$ fits4 ,! ,natckas1 z usual1 ma9ta9$ _! pranc+ /ep ar\nd !m1 & occasionally ,soykmana ?ump$ !m ) ! butt end ( h] crook4 ,aft] ab\t five m9utes ( ?is exhibition ! ,heha seiz$ ! ,mamzrati p]sonators & tumbl$ !m into an indiscrim9ate heap1 fell on top ( !m1 & did o!r acts :i* ne$ n be m5tion$4 ,! ,natcka !n retir$ = food1 &1 unmask+ 9 ! kiva1 did n aga9 appe>4 ,febru>y #f--;,food 0 c>ri$ to all ! kivas ye/]day morn+1 b !re 0 nei!r danc+ nor c]emonials4 ,febru>y #g--,no c]emony took place on ?is day1 b ! kiva *ief & ! ,hehakatc9as play$ a curi\s game ( ball call$ sunwuw9pa1 9 :i* ! ball is atta*$ to a loop$ /r+4 ,! play] lay on 8 back &1 pass+ ! loop ov] ! great toe1 project$ ! ball back ov] 8 head4 ,two gr\ps ( ^! play]s 7 not$4 ,! foll[+ ,katc9as 7 p]sonat$ 9 ! ,p[m ( #ahic3hb ,hahawqti1 ,anci5t ,woman1 ,"m ( ,mon/]s4 ,natcka1 ,mon/]4 ,soykmana1 ,att5dant ( ,natcka4 ,tuwp1 ,flogg+ ,katc9a4 ,ahl4 ,tmc1 ,"m ( ,ahl4 ,wuykwati4 ,tcakwana4 ,wuwyomo4 ,pawk1 ,duck4 ,nvk1 ,sn[4 ,heha4 ,mamzrati tcatumakaa4 ,tcavayo1 ,giant ,elk4 ,wupmo1 ,great ,cl\d4 ,owanazrozro1 ,/one ,dev\r]4 ,p,l,l,,ko,,ti ,! scre5 drama ( ! ,pllkoti c]emonial z p]=m$ 9 #ahic has already be5 describ$4#hc ,! foll[+ p]sonifications ( ,katc9as appe>$ 9 ! ,pllkoti 9 #ahic3 ,coyhim1 ,all4 ,pawk1 ,duck4 ,tacb1 ,navaho4 ,hokyaa4 ,hhian1 ,b>t]4 ,clako1 ,clako4 ,its pres5tation 9 o!r ye>s diff]s v mat]ially f ! description giv54 ,9 ! celebration ( #ahia a wood5 figure repres5t+ ,clako 0 introduc$ ) two c>v$ m>ionettes1 :i* 7 manipulat$ z if gr9d+ corn1 & s]p5t effigies 7 ?ru/ ?r\gh ! sun op5+ ( ! scre54 ,^! 7 likewise us$ 9 ! pres5tation 9 #ahid4hd ,! celebration ( ,pllkoti 9 #ahid 0 controll$ by ! ,badg] p1 & ! exhibition ( ! scre5 drama occurr$ ,m>* #af4 ,a numb] ( slabs ) symbolic figures ( ,twa 7! sun71 & ,ctk9uwa 7! he>t ( all ! sky71 & two small effigies ( ,pllkoh 7plum$ snake7 7 introduc$4 ,! two me*anical figur9es1 :i* 7 s manipulat$ z to appe> to be 9 ! act ( gr9d+ corn on metates1 repres5t$ ,clakomanas1 & 7 made by ,ttci ( ! ,badg] p4 ,?is v>iation f ye> to ye>1 x w be obs]v$1 pres]ves )\t *ange ! v>i\s deities introduc$ & recalls :at ,i h already writt5 ab\t ! v>iations 9 alt>s ( ! ,nimn 9 diff]5t villages4 ,9 /age effects latitude is p]missible1 b !re is no *ange 9 ! deities repres5t$4 ,some?+ simil> occurs 9 ! ,mamzrati1 :]e1 9 #ahia1 tablets ) ,palahkomana symbols 7 us$1 :ile 9 #ahic wom5 repres5t$ t p]sonage4 ,s f> z ,i "k ! ess5tial p]sonages#he to be repres5t$ by symbolism or by m5 9 disguise1 are3 ,twa1 ,sun4 ,miyaw1 ,moon4 ,ctok9uwa1 ,he>t ( ! ,sky4 ,hahawqti1 ,anci5t ,"m4 ,pllkoti1 ,plum$ ,snake4 ,clako taka or mana1 ,corn ,man or ,maid4 ,v>i\s ,katc9as1 m5tion$ above1 b ^! may v>y ye> by ye>4 ,msauwh1 ,fire ,god4 ,v>i\s ,tcukwympkiyas1 ,cl[ns4 ,,nim,,nkatc9a ,an outl9e ( ! c]emonials att5d+ ! dep>ture ( ! ,katc9as f ?ree ( ! ,tusayan villages has already be5 giv5 else:]e4#hf ,f new obs]vations x is f\nd t mu* rema9s to complete ?is acc\nt1 b ! ma9 ev5ts h already be5 describ$4 ,:ile ! dance resembles ! abbreviat$ ,katc9as1 f :i* x %\ld n be widely sep>at$1 ! alt> & kiva c]emonials place x 9 ! gr\p ( elaborate ,katc9as or ^? ) complicat$ secret usages4 ,x is only 9 ^? villages 9 :i* are pres]v$ ! wmi ( ! ,ka*9a mwi t ?is celebration c occur1 al?\gh1 z we %all lat] see1 abbreviat$ ,katc9as are n s limit$4 ,x w probably be f\nd t any abbreviat$ ,katc9a may be us$ = ! public dance ( ! ,nimn1 b no abbreviat$ ,katc9a c h ! secret c]emonials ( ! ,nimn )\t becom+ ! same4 ,:5 ! ,katc9a *ief1 ntiwa1 sets up 8 alt> x is b natural t any set ( ,katc9as may give ! public dance1 :i*1 :ile a necess>y accompanim5t1 is f> f be+ prescrib$ z to k9d4 ,,abbreviat$ ,,katc9as ,,*>act]i/ics ,?is gr\p includes a l>ge numb] ( simple c]emonials 9 :i* a mask$ dance 9 public is ! mo/ significant "p4 ,! g5]al "* ( ^! obs]vances may be se5 by a consultation ( my article1 8,a few summ] c]emonials at ! ,tusayan pueblos40#hg ,! di/9ctive "n is det]m9$ by ! *>act]s p]sonifi$ z indicat$ by ! symbolic m>k+s ( ! masks or by o!r p>aph]nalia4 ,no elaborate kiva c]emonials are p]=m$4#hh ,all ! abbreviat$ pres5tations h c]ta9 common features :i* run ?r\gh !m4 ,^! *>act]i/ics may be le>n$ f my description 9 ! article on 8,! summ] c]emonials10#hi b 9 ord] to make !m m prom95t ,i h m5tion$ !m 9 an app5d$ footnote4#hg ,! special ,katc9a celebrat$ is designat$ by ! symbolism depict$ on ! mask1 :i* is repa9t$ & r$ecorat$ accord+ to ! ,katc9a :i* x is int5d$ to repres5t4 ,= ! special "n & ! accompany+ symbolism a /udy ( ! dolls w give z good an idea z c yet be obta9$ f publi%$ articles4#ij ,! p>ticipants 9 ! abbreviat$ ,katc9as may be divid$ into two gr\ps3 7#a7 ,! ,katc9as1 male & female1 ) relat$ mask$ p]sonages1 & ! prie/s :o pray to !m & spr9kle meal ^u !m1 & 7#b7 ! accompany+ cl[ns & mask$ or o!r p]sons :o p>ticipate 9 _! antics & pres5tation4 ,! details ( ! proce$+s ( ! second or possibly subord9ate gr\p v>y 9 diff]5t dances m ?an ^? ( ! fir/4 ,! p>ticipants ( ! fir/ gr\p are3 #a4 ,mask$ p]sonages 7always m57 call$ ,katc9as4 #b4 ,mask$ m51 p]sonify+ wom51 call$ ,katc9amanas4 #c4 ,"o or m mask$ p]sons1 :o v>y 9 symbolic *>act]s 9 diff]5t ,katc9as4 ,^! are (t5 abs5t4 #d4 ,prie/s 7unmask$71 directors ( ! dance1 :o spr9kle ! ,katc9as ) sacr$ meal4 ,^! prie/s are vehicles ( pray]s to ! ,katc9as & mask$ p>ticipants1 & are g5]ally few 9 numb]4 ,! pres5tation is accompani$ ) a fea/#ia 7g5]ally at noon7 limit$ to ,katc9as & ,katc9amanas4 ,! ,katc9as dance 9 l9e1 s+1 di/ribute gifts1 b nev] utt] any cont9u\s s5t5ce or pray]4 ,! ,katc9amanas dance 9 l9e fac+ ! ,katc9as1 or kneel 9 front ( ! same1 accompany+ _! songs ) a rasp+ noise made by rubb+ a scapula ov] a not*$ /ick4 ,ord9>ily _! mask is id5tical 9 all ,katc9as ( ! abbreviat$ =m1 & !y g5]ally h _! hair 9 two :orls on ! sides ( ! head1 & we> :ite blankets & o!r fem99e app>el4 ,! second gr\p ( p]sonifications are ! ,tcukwympkiyas 7,tatckti1 knob-head prie/s2 ,tcckt1 gluttons2 or ,paiakaam1 horn$ cl[ns74 ,_! repres5tation consi/s ( a s]ies ( antics & dramatizations1 /ory tell+1 gluttony1 obsc5e ge/ures or bawdy rem>ks1 & flogg+ & o!r indignities heap$ ^u ea* o!r or ^u accompany+ mask$ p]sons4 ,^! repres5tations & ! p]sonifications :o c>ry on _! portion ( ! obs]vance v>y 9 diff]5t reproductions ( ! same drama4 ,! ,tcukwympkiya d n dance or s+ ) ! ,katc9as1 b spr9kle !m ) meal & pray to !m4 ,:ile an ess5tial feature 9 c]ta9 abbreviat$ ,katc9as1 !y are n always pres5t1 & _! exhibition has _m secul> or temporal *>act]i/ics or innovations m or less dep5d5t on ! inv5tion ( ! p>ticipants4 ,! mask$ p]sons :o assi/ !m are repres5tatives ( semimy?ologic be+s1 call$ ,pptuka1 tci 7,apa*e71 ,tacb 7,navaho71 ,kse1 & o!rs4 ,a description ( ! v>i\s modifications ( _! p]=mances w\ld mean special acc\nt ( ea* pres5tation & w\ld v>y 9 details = ea* exhibition1 b except 9 a v g5]al way ^! v>iations are q unimportant 9 ! /udy ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! abbreviat$ ,katc9as4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! episodes introduc$3 #a4 ,inord9ate eat+ & begg+1 ur9e dr9k+1 gluttony1 & obsc5ity4 #b4 ,flogg+ ( "o ano!r1 /ripp+ (f bree*clo?s1 dr5*+ ) f\l wat]1 ribald rem>ks to spectators1 & comical episodes ) donkeys & dogs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj--,! akatc9a4 #c4 ,/ory tell+ = pieces ( corn "u sev]e flogg+ by mask$ p]sons1 races1 sme>+ "o ano!r ) blood1 ur9at+ ^u "o ano!r1 torm5t+ ) cactus bran*es1 etc4 ,! ,katc9a dance ord9>ily la/s f daybreak to sunset1 ) int]missions1 dur+ :i* ! p>ticipants unmask "u an ov]hang+ cliff on ! s\!rn side ( ! mesa4 ,"h likewise !y h _! fea/ at midday4 ,! dances 9 ! =5oon are slimly att5d$ by spectators1 b 9 ! aft]noon all ! t]races & ro(s ( ! h\ses surr\nd+ ! plaza#ib 9 :i* ! pill> m\nd is situat$ are occupi$ by natives & visitors4 ,! l9e ( ,katc9as is l$ by an unco/um$ *ief1 :o spr9kles meal on ! gr\nd z he ent]s & leaves ! dance c\rt1 & :o f "t to "t %\ts to ! danc]s 7figure #dj74 ,! lead] ( ! ,katc9as /&s midway 9 ! l9e1 & by a rapid movem5t ( 8 rattle z a signal *anges ! song & directs ! t]m9ation4 ,to him#ic z a repres5tative ! pray]s are address$4 ,! dance is a rhy?mic /amp+ movem5t ( "o foot on ! gr\nd1 & all keep 9 l9e1 elb[+ _! neighbors1 turn+ n[ to "o side1 !n to ano!r1 z direct$4 ,! female ,katc9as face ! male & /& ab\t midway 9 ! l9e4 ,!y use ! s]rat$ /ick & scapula z an accompanim5t to ! song4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,cix4 ,a4 ,,ho5 ,,co41 ,,li?4 ,,doll ,,( ,c,,lako ,,taka4 ,x is common = bo? male & female ,katc9as to br+ gifts to ! plaza = spectators1 especially *ildr51 z !y return to ! dance4#id ,^! gifts are ord9>ily corn1 bread1 or tortillas4 ,x is cu/om>y = prie/s to spr9kle ! ,katc9as ) sacr$ meal1 & ! ,tcukwympkiyas1 or cl[ns1 also p]=m ?is function4 ,! tponi or ,katc9a badge ( (fice is n c>ri$ 9 e celebration1 nor does ! ,katc9a *ief1 ntiwa1 always lead ! l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da--,maskette ( akatc9amana4 ,! "o g>m5t worn by ! male ,katc9as is ! c]emonial kilt4 ,?is is n conf9$ to !m1 b is likewise worn 9 o!r c]emonials1 z 9 ! ,snake-,antelope obs]vance & 9 m9or celebrations4 ,e male ,katc9a1 :atev] 8 helmet1 has "o ( ^! ab\t 8 lo9s4 ,x is made ( co>se cotton1 on ! ends ( :i* are embroid]$ symbolic figures ( ra9-cl\ds1 fall+ ra91 & lightn+4 ,ord9>ily half ( ! wid? is pa9t$ gre51 & ! l[] edge is black1 ) n9e squ>e blocks ( ! same color at regul> int]vals4 ,?is kilt is repres5t$ on _m dolls ( ! ,katc9as figur$ 9 my article on t subject4#ie ,! ,katc9as1 irrespective ( ! special p]sonage depict$1 we> a broad cotton sa% ) knott$ /r+s at ! proximal end4 ,9 ?is belt spruce bran*es are held4 ,a fox-sk9 dep5ds f ! belt1 & turtle-%ell rattles on ! leg are inv>iably "p ( a ,katc9a's co/ume4 ,moccas9s & heel b&s are prescrib$ & bodily decoration ) pigm5ts is common1 b none ( ! above are *>act]i/ic ( special k9ds ( ,katc9as4 ,! mask is 9 g5]al ! "o di/9ctive *>act]i/ic ( a def9ite p]sonification4 ,s,,oc,,lako ,! ,%lako is "o ( ! mo/ important obs]vances at ,zui1 & is p>tially describ$ by ,cu%+ 9 an article on 8 life 9 ,zui4#if ,an exhau/ive acc\nt1 h[ev]1 has nev] be5 publi%$4 ,! ,hopi occasionally celebrate a ,clako1 :i* f its "n & o!r reasons is und\bt$ly an incorporat$ modification ( ?is c]emonial1 z ! ,tusayan leg5ds di/9ctly /ate4#ig ,! foll[+ pages give an outl9e ( ! ,hopi pres5tation z a contribution to ! comp>ative /udy ( ,pueblo ritual4 ,a complete acc\nt ( ! ,%lako at ,zui is a great desid]atum be=e x is possible to und]take close comp>isons4 ,! pres5tation ( ,clako is n an annual ev5t at ! ,ea/ mesa ( ,tusayan1 b occurs aft] long int]vals ( "t4 ,! p>aph]nalia are kept 9 a h\se 9 ,sitcomovi & belong to ! ,badg] clan4 ,! h\se 9 :i* !y are deposit$ is ! prop]ty ( ,kokam1 ! daught] ( ,masimtiwa's elde/ si/]1 n[ deceas$1 & ! wmi likewise belong to h] by desc5t4 ,! *iefs ( all ! g5tes 9 ,walpi & ,sitcomovi1 ! *ief ( ! ,katc9as1 & "o or two o!rs f ,hano assembl$ 9 ?is h\se on ! #af? ( ,july1 #ahic1 & made a l>ge numb] 7ov] two hundr$7 ( phos = use 9 ! c]emonials to be describ$4 ,e>ly on ! morn+ ( ! next day ! masks & effigies ( ,sioclako 7 r5ovat$ & c>ri$ to ! spr+ call$ ,kwawba 7sweet wat]71 :i* is situat$ on ! ,zui trail s\?w>d f ! mesa4 ,9 a mod]n h\se own$ by a ,sitcomovi family#ih at ?is spr+ ! masks 7 repa9t$ & ! hoops :i* 7 us$ to make a framework = ! bodies 7 set ar\nd ) eagle fea!rs4 ,! effigies :i* 7 us$ 9 p]sonifications 7 made up ( masks or helmets ( ! ord9>y size = ! heads & a cr9ol9e-l#ii framework ( will[ hoops = ! bodies4 ,^! masks 7 made f n>r[ %r$s ( leaves ( ! agave plait$ toge!r diagonally1 & ?is plait$ frame 0 cov]$ ) a pa9t$ bucksk9 ^u :i* ! symbolism ( ! ,soclako 0 del9eat$4 ,! project+ beak ( ! face _h a movable "u jaw1 :i* 0 h+$ & manipulat$ ) a /r+4 ,! helmet 0 atta*$ to a /aff =m+ a backbone1 #c feet long1 by :i* x 0 c>ri$4 ,! s]ies ( cr9ol9e hoops or supports ( ! blankets :i* =m$ ! body 7 ab\t fifte5 9 numb]1 ! upp] be+ ab\t ! size ( ! helmet1 ! l[] #d feet 9 diamet]4 ,a tihi or l>ge :ite embroid]$ mantle 0 drap$ ab\t ! upp] hoops or ! %\ld]s1 & a gray fox-sk9 0 hung ar\nd ! neck1 :i* 0 likewise pr(usely decorat$ ) %ell necklaces4 ,! man :o act$ ! "p ( be>] walk$ inside ! cr9ol9e1 freely support+ ! effigy by ! /aff or backbone1 hold+ x at su* a height z to p]mit ! l[e/ hoop ) its atta*$ fea!rs to rea* to 8 knees4 ,ea* effigy be>] 0 b>ehead$1 & al?\gh hidd5 f view1 0 decorat$ ) ! :ite kilt ( a typical ,katc9a4 ,an unco/um$ *ief l$ ! f\r giants 9 s+le file t[>d ! mesa1 foll[$ by a l>ge numb] ( m5 dress$ z mud-heads or ,tatckti1 :o 7 call$ 8,koymse10 a t]m adapt$ f _! ,zui "n4#ajj ,all :o _h suffici5t k ( ! idiom spoke ,zui1 & ! procession rea*$ ! ,sun spr+ 7,tawpa7 at ab\t sunset4 ,x 0 !re met by two prie/s1 ,talhoya & a nephew ( ,masimtiwa1 :o 7 to act z conductors4 ,all 7 welcom$ & homoya 7pray]s7 7 recit$ & mu* sacr$ meal 0 spr9kl$4 ,head$ by ! two conductors ! procession climb$ ! trail to ! top ( ! mesa1 & f !nce m>*$ into ! ma9 c\rt ( ,sitcomovi by ! nor!a/]n entrance1 ne> :i* ! m5 be>+ ! f\r giant effigies1 toge!r ) ! mud-heads1 halt$4 ,! latt] 7 closely huddl$ toge!r 9 f\r gr\ps1 drumm+ ) deaf5+ noise on z _m drums4 ,! ,katc9a *ief1 ntiwa1 & a man p]sonify+ ,etoto#aja !n drew f\r circles ) int]sect+ l9es ( meal on ! gr\nd at ! nor? side ( ! c\rt 9 ! positions indicat$4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a comm& ( ,hahawqti1 :o signal$ ) an e> ( corn = ! fir/ 7kw9wi1 nor?7 ,clako effigy to advance4 ,he did s ) a %ort1 rapid /ep1 & halt$ ov] ! fir/ circle ( meal4 ,! 8be>]0 bobb$ ! effigy up & d[n s t ! fea!rs :i* _h be5 fa/5$ to ! l[] hoop ( ! cr9ol9e t\*$ ! gr\nd4 ,! be>] !n /oop$ & re/$ ! end ( 8 /aff on ! gr\nd1 hold+ x upright4 ,! o!r ?ree giant imp]sonators 7 !n br\ght up1 "o at a "t1 by ,hahawqti4 ,z ea* settl$ to its position ! be>] cri$ 8,ho60 six times 9 a %rill falsetto1 & rapidly snapp$ ! beak ( ! effigy he bore by means ( a /r+4 ,! ,clakos 7 !n spr9kl$ ) meal by ! *iefs & o!rs1 aft] :i* ! effigies 7 mov$ "o by "o to circles ( meal on ! s\!rn side ( ! plaza4 ,six times ?is removal 0 repeat$1 ea* "t att5d$ by c]emonials simil> to ^? m5tion$ above4 ,at ! conclusion ( ?is obs]vance 9 ! plaza ! f\r giants 7 conduct$ by ! *iefs ( ! ,liz>d1 sa1 ,badg]1 & ,wat] g5tes to ! h\ses ( ! eld] si/]s ( ! respective clans4 ,! ,clako effigies 7 susp5d$ by ! mask f ! raft]s ( ea* room1 & z ! l5g? ( ea* 0 #g feet #f in*es ! tips ( ! radiat+ fea!rs on ! head & ^? on ! la/ hoop ( ! framework ( ! body j t\*$ ! ro( & floor ( ! *amb]4 ,! same c]emony look place 9 ea* h\se & !re 7 pray]s by ! eld]s1 danc+ by ! effigy be>]s1 & s++ & drumm+ by ! 8,koymse40 ,at sunrise--= ! exhibitions 9 ! h\ses la/$ all night--a f9al pres5tation 9 ! c\rt simil> to t :i* op5$ ! c]emonies took place1 aft] :i* ! ,clakos & mud-heads w5t to ! cliff & unmask$ at ! ,ka*9aki4 ,!re !y p]=m$ purification c]emonies 7navtciwa7 & dismantl$ ! effigies4 ,!y donn$ _! ord9>y habilim5ts & smuggl$ ! p>aph]nalia back into ! *amb] 9 ,sitcomovi1 :]e x is ord9>ily kept4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db--,position ( celebrants 9 ! c\rt ( ,sitcomovi 9 ,soclako4#ajb ,on ! #h? & #i? ( ! mon?1 foll[+ ! demise ( ! ,clakos1 a mo/ elaborate ,wwac or ,rac+ ,katc9a 0 p]=m$4#ajc ,,paw,,kkatc9a ,! ,pawkkatc9a1 :i* ,i obs]v$ at ,sitcomovi 9 #ahib1 _h c]ta9 diff]5ces f any abbreviat$ ,katc9a dance :i* ,i h yet describ$1 & illu/rat$ ! c]emonial reception ( ^! p]sonages aft] !y _h visit$ ano!r pueblo4 ,a prie/ ( ,sitcomovi sugge/$ t 8 fell[ villag]s %\ld s5d a delegation ( "y m5 to ,cipaulovi to return a dance ) :i* !y _h previ\sly be5 honor$ by ! latt] pueblo4 ,accord+ly ! masks 7 pa9t$ & ! prelim9>y c]emonials took place 9 "o ( ! ,sitcomovi kivas1 ^? :o 7 to p>ticipate 9 ! c]emonial beg9n+ _! "w on ! #be? ( ,june4 ,! visitors danc$ all day ( ! #bg? at ,cipaulovi1 re/$ on ! #bh?1 & cont9u$ _! dance on ! #bi? at ,sitcomovi4 ,! c]emonials on _! return at ! trail approa*+ ,sitcomovi took place on ,june #bh?1 an h\r be=e sunset4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc--,mask ( ,pawkkatc9a 7front view74 ,?is dance diff]$ v little f t ( o!r ,katc9as1 to :i* att5tion has hi!rto be5 direct$4#ajd ,!re 7 tw5ty-?ree ,katc9as & five#aje ,katc9amanas1 & ! masks ( bo? are illu/rat$ 9 figures #dc1 #dd1 & #de1 :ile "o ( ! /affs :i* !y bore is repres5t$ 9 figure #df4 ,!y sang five songs call$ m[h 7cl\d71 ,yoivkka 7swift71 ,pakwa 7frog71 ,pawykia 7duck71 & ,patzro 7quail74 ,an int]e/+ feature :i* ,i _h nev] be=e se5 9 ,tusayan abbreviat$ ,katc9as 0 ! unmask$ dance 9 ! kiva4#ajf ,! secret c]emonials 9 ! kiva 7 z foll[s3 ,! ?ree prie/s1 :o _h previ\sly ba!d _! heads 9 _! own h\ses1 made ! phos & nakwkwocis4 ,two ( ^! m5 made f\r pray] /icks simil> to ^? describ$ 9 ! ,walpi c]emonial1 & "o made a long s+le pho4 ,^! 7 deposit$ 9 a flat basket tray & smok$ ^u by ^? pres5t4 ,be=e beg9n+ ! manufacture ( ! phos ! mak]s prep>$ !mselves by a c]emonial smoke4#ajg ,at ! same "t t ! phos 7 made tw5ty-?ree nakwkwocis = ! ,katc9as & five = ! ,katc9amanas 7 likewise manufactur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd--,mask ( ,pawkkatc9a 7side view74 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,cx4 ,a4 ,,ho5 ,,co41 ,,li?4 ,,head ,,dress ,,( ,,alosaka4 ,at midday food 0 pass$ d[n into ! kiva1 b be=e p>tak+ ( x "o ( ! prie/s took a p9* ( ea* k9d ( food 7dunpna7 & w5t ) x to a cleft 9 ! mesa on ! nor? side ( ,sitcomovi4 ,he !re deposit$ x ) a pho1 a p9* ( ea* k9d ( pigm5t us$ 9 pa9t+ ! p>aph]nalia1 a little tobacco1#ajh b no sacr$ meal4 ,?is 0 an (f]+1 x 0 said1 to ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,colorado spap4 ,he !n w5t to ! s\!rn side ( ! mesa & plac$ 9 a simil> cleft a nakwkwoci1 said to be an (f]+ to ,msauwh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de--,mask ( ,pawkkatc9amana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df--,/aff ( ,pawkkatc9a4 ,at sunrise on ! #bi? two (f]+s 7 deposit$1 & ea* ( ! tw5ty-?ree ,katc9as plac$ 8 nakwkwoci 9 a %r9e4 ,c]emonials att5d+ visits ( p f adjac5t or remote pueblos are simple b int]e/+4 ,! foll[+ reception c]emony ( visitors f a di/ant pueblo n ( _! own p 0 not$3 ,9 ! progress ( ! summ] dances ( ,walpi 9 #ahib ,i obs]v$ ! c]emonial reception ( sev]al ,zuis :o came ov] to assi/ 9 ! ,hmiskatc9a4 ,!y 7 =mally 8receiv$0 9 ! ,wikwaliobi kiva by ntiwa1#aji ,kpeli1 ,hyi1 ,pauatwa1 & ,lsma4 ntiwa gave _! headman a twig ( spruce1 to :i* ,lsma ti$ f\r nakwkwocis4#aaj ntiwa spr9kl$ x ) sacr$ meal & laid x 9 front ( ! ,zuis1 & f9ally all smok$ toge!r4 ,?is 0 said to be a =mal act ( reception4#aaa ,! reception c]emony ( ! ,pawkkatc9as :5 !y return$ f ,cipaulovi 0 z foll[s3 ,at #d p4 m4 ,pauatwa's fa!r1 a v old man1 sat on ! edge ( ! mesa look+ we/ & nor? t[>d ,cipaulovi4 ,he call$ my att5tion to a l9e ( m5 com+ along ! trail4 ,:5 ! l9e halt$ on ! la/ rise be=e ! trail asc5ds to ! top ( ! mesa we w5t d[n to welcome !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg--;,helmets1 e> ( corn1 & spruce b\gh arrang$ = reception c]emony4 ,ea* ,katc9a plac$ 8 helmet 9 "o ( two p>allel l9es arrang$ along ! trail1 & 9 front ( ! two l9es he laid ! spruce b\gh :i* he c>ri$4 ,9 front ( ?is pile ( spruce b\ghs an e> ( corn 0 plac$ 9 ! trail n f> f ! helmets4 ,all ! ,katc9as !n m>*$ ar\nd ! l9e 9 a s9i/ral circuit1 spr9kl+ sacr$ meal ^u ! masks1 corn1 & spruce b\ghs & ?r[+ a p9* along ! trail 9 advance ( ! e> ( corn4 ,! circuit ar\nd ! l9e ( helmets 0 s9i/ral1 z 9 all ,hopi c]emonials4 ,n9e old m5 !n =m$ a circle at ! left ( ! corn & smok$1 sitt+ 9 a squatt+ po/ure4#aab ,no "o 0 all[$ to g up ! trail be=e ?is c]emony 0 complet$1 & "o :o attempt$ to d s 0 w>n$ back4 ,a %ort address ( welcome 0 spok5 by ! prie/s to ! lead] ( ! ,katc9as1 & at sunset !y put on _! masks & m>*$ to ! plaza ( ,sitcomovi4 ,!y fir/ danc$ on ! s\!rn1 !n on ! ea/]n1 & la/ly on ! we/]n sides ( ! plaza1 omitt+ ! nor!rn side4 ,! prie/s spr9kl$ ! ,katc9as ) sacr$ meal1 obs]v+ ! s9i/ral c]emonial circuit z !y pass$ ar\nd ! l9e4 ,a small spruce tree1 ^u :i* nakwkwocis 7 ti$1 _h be5 plac$ ne> ! middle ( ! plaza4 ,! ,katc9as & ,katc9amanas !n adj\rn$ to ! kiva1 :]e !y unmask$1 plac+ _! helmets 9 a r[ & ! spruce b\ghs 9 ! middle ( ! kiva4#aac ,! two prie/s seat$ !mselves on ! uprise1 "o on ea* side ( ! ladd]4 ,on ! foll[+ day ! dance 0 cont9u$ f sunrise to sunset4 ,9 ! aft]noon !re appe>$ ! ,tckuwympkiya1 ,muwe 7,owl ,katc9a71 two ,tcsbci1 ,pkohoya 7! ,little ,w> ,god71 & a ,navaho ,katc9a4 ,,akatc9a ,! celebration ( ! akatc9a at ,hano1 9 ! ,nimn ( #ahib1 gave me ! foll[+ additional data to t already m5tion$ 9 ! description#aad ( ! a ( #ahia4 ,^! are due 9 "p to ! v>iations 9 c]emonial cu/oms1 & are n reg>d$ z ess5tials4 ,! ,hopi akatc9a 0 invit$ to ,hano by ,klakwai1 & its public pres5tation 0 id5tical ) t ( #ahia & t ( ! ,zui ,kkokci4 ,! antics ( ! gluttons 7 v mu* m complicat$4 ,?is ,i ascribe to two causes--! r>ity ) :i* ,katc9as are celebrat$ 9 ,hano1 & ! great ne$ ( ra9 at ! "t4 ,"o int]e/+ b highly disgu/+ "p ( ! %[ ( ^! prie/s 0 ! slaught] ( a huge dog & ! use ( 8 entrails & blood 9 di/+ui%+ "o ( _! numb] z ,msauwh1#aae ! ,dea? god4 ,! details ( ?is may be _h by consultation ) ! au?or4 ,ab\t #d oclock on ! morn+ ( ! public dance ( ! a ! p>ticipants danc$ 9 ! ,hano plaza1 de/itute ( all clo?+ or helmets & accompani$ by ! cl[ns1 also )\t masks4 ,?is feature ,i _h n previ\sly obs]v$4 ,aft] ?is e>ly dance phos 7 deposit$ at ! %r9e situat$ 9 ! middle ( ! dance plaza4 ,z no acc\nt ( ! c]emonial deposit ( (f]+s to ! w9ds has ev] be5 publi%$1 ! foll[+ obs]vations are giv5 to fill ?is gap 9 our k4 ,probably ! object ( ! w9d (f]+s is propitiatory1 = high w9d1 x is believ$1 bl[s away ! ra91 to produce :i* is ! ma9 object ( ! obs]vance4 ,kwlakwa took = ?is purpose 9 a blanket ! foll[+ objects3 ,nakwkwocis1 native tobacco1 pap] bread1 pkami 7pudd+ mu%71 sug>1 & pea*es4 ,he deposit$ a packet conta9+ a p9* ( ea* ( ^! 9 six %r9es situat$ at c>d9al po9ts1 beg9n+ at ! ea/4#aaf ,! ,hopi beg9 _! c]emonial circuit ord9>ily at ! nor?1 b ! ,tewa1 x w\ld seem1 place _! (f]+s 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,ea/1 nor?we/1 s\?we/ by s\?1 s\?we/1 s\!a/ by ea/1 s\!a/4 ,9 ! int]val betwe5 two ( ! dances1 :ile ! ,katc9as 7 unmask$1 & _h halt$ "u an ov]hang+ rock on ! trail a few feet bel[ ,hano1 ,i obs]v$ a te/ ( endurance :i* ,i _h nev] be=e se54 ,kpeli1 ! ,snake *ief1 took a bundle ( yucca bran*es1 & diff]5t volunte]s f ! ,katc9as1 /epp+ up to him1 fir/ held out "o arm1 !n ! o!r2 ,kpeli /ruck ! out/ret*$ limb ) m or less =ce1 & at ! conclusion pres5t$ 8 own arm & nak$ body = ?is try+ ordeal4 ,! akatc9a is illu/rat$ 9 figure #dj4 ,,comp>ative ,,/udy ,,( ,,katc9a ,,dances ,,9 ,,cibola ,,& ,,tusayan ,! publi%$ mat]ial :i* c be us$ z a basis ( comp>ison 9 ! /udy ( ,katc9as 9 o!r villages is meag] & insuffici5t4 ,ev5 ( ! ne>e/ pueblo1 ,zui1 :i* has be5 m /udi$ ?an _m ( ! o!rs1 & 9 :i* ,katc9a obs]vances closely ak9 to ^? ( ,tusayan are p]=m$1 ! publi%$ acc\nts are v limit$4 ,9 a g5]al way x seems to me t ! ,tusayan c]emonials are m %[y & elaborate ?an ^? at ,zui4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o m>k$ exception2#aag ! p[]ful w> society1 call$ ! ,prie/hood ( ! ,b[1 has m elaborate c]emonials 9 ,zui ?an 9 ,walpi1 :]e ?is organization is weak4 ,x is n possible f my limit$ k ( ,zui c]emonials to decl>e t x is less complicat$ ?an t ( ,tusayan1 b ,i believe t ! p[]ful organization m5tion$ has _h mu* to d ) _m ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! two4 ,"o s\rce ( in=mation 9 reg>d to ! diff]5ces & lik5esses betwe5 ! ,zui & ,hopi c]emonials is ! te/imony ( ! *iefs !mselves4 ,?is does n hold 9 reg>d to modifi$ c]emonials prim>ily ! same or d]iv$ f a common s\rce1 & is only he>say1 n sci5ce4 ,all ! ,hopi prie/s say t ! ,siot 7,zuis7 h no k ( ! ,tctcbwimi 7,snake-,antelope my/]ies74 ,! same *iefs likewise claim t ! ,zuis h no ,mamzrati1 ,llakoti1#aah ,wwtcmti1 & no societies correspond+ to ! ,ttaukyam1 alt1 or ,kwkwant4 ,al?\gh !y may n reproduce "s ( ^! c]emonials 9 ! =m celebrat$ by ! ,hopi1 x is n cle> to me t "s ( ^? :i* !y obs]ve may n be diff]5tiations ( ! same c]emony1 z ,i h %[n 9 my acc\nts ( ! wom5's dances4#aai ,!re is a m>k$ simil>ity 9 _m ( ! my?s1 :i* w\ld seem to imply resemblances 9 rituali/ic dramatizations ( ! same4 ,x is possible to v]ify hi/orical data & leg5d>y hi/ory by a /udy ( ! same c]emony4 ,= in/ance1 ! five olde/ ,tusayan pueblos ( :i* we h acc\nts 9 ! e>lie/ records are ,awatobi1 ,walpi1 ,micoinovi1 ,cuopavi1 & ,oraibi4#abj ,awatobi 0 de/roy$ 9 #agjj1 s t b f\r orig9al communities ( ! "t ( ,v>gas /ill rema94 ,x is 9 ^! f\r & at ,cipaulovi t ! ,snake c]emony is /ill celebrat$1 & ,sitcomovi & ,hano are ascrib$ by ,hopi leg5ds to a mu* lat] "t ?an ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! ,spani>ds2 _! names d n appe> 9 ! e>ly descriptions ( ! prov9ce4 ,x is a mi/ak5 idea1 & "o :i* has l$ to _m misconceptions1 to suppose t :at is true ( "o gr\p ( pueblos is true ( all4 ,:ile 9 a g5]al way ! my?ology & ritual ( all may be said to h g5]al resemblances1 !re is f> f an id5tity betwe5 ! c]emonials1 = in/ance1 ( ! ,hopi & ! ,zui1 or ^? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e pueblos & ,tusayan4 ,x is n a "q ( kn[+ all by an intimate k ( "o2 b ea* bran*1 ev5 individual pueblos1 mu/ be inve/igat$ sep>ately be=e by comp>ative k we c obta9 an adequate conception ( ! "* ( ! pueblo type ( my?ology & ritual4 ,moreov]1 !re is evid5ce t ?is diff]5ce exi/$ 9 anci5t times1 & :ile ! diff]5tiation ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( diff]5t pueblos may h be5 less rapid 9 ! pa/ ?an today !y 7 f> f be+ id5tical4 ,x does n foll[1 except 9 c]ta9 limits1 t ! mo/ primitive pueblos today %[ 9 _! survivals a bett] picture ( ! "* ( life 9 ano!r pueblo ?an ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s 9 ! latt]4 ,to recon/ruct ! probable "* ( ! anci5t culture we mu/ trace simil>ities by comp>ative /udies4 ,9 a comp>ative /udy ( ! c]emonials ( diff]5t pueblos1 x is important to decide :i* are mo/ primitive or ne>e/ ! aborig9al condition & :i* are lea/ affect$ by =eign influ5ces4 ,! pur] ! pres5t aborig9al culture1 ! great] wor? w x h 9 our approximation to a true conception ( ! primitive pueblo culture4 ,_m ( ! ,pueblos practice a religi\s sy/em :i* may be rightly call$ aborig9al1 b 9 "s x has be5 modifi$ by outside influ5ces4 ,i ?9k no "o1 = in/ance1 w\ld say t ! pres5t ,zui cu/om ( burial 9 a *ur*y>d 0 n due 9 "p to ! influ5ce ( ,ca?olic prie/s1 = ,spani% n>ratives ( ?ree & a half c5turies ago are q explicit 9 _! /atem5t t ! ,zui burn$ _! dead4 ,if "o cu/om has be5 *ang$1 h[ are we to di/+ui% ! modifi$ f ! primitive8 ,x c be %[n t /rong influ5ces h be5 us$ = ! direct purpose ( de/roy+ ! ,katc9a wor%ip4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ,zui1 ! lea/ *ang$ ( all ! pueblos except ^? ( ,tusayan4 ,x is pagan today1 & probably nev] 0 pr(\ndly modifi$ by ,*ri/ianity1 b ,roman ,ca?olic fa!rs1 ) ! av[$ det]m9ation to ,*ri/ianize x1 c\ld n h liv$ !re cont9u\sly = ov] a c5tury & caus$ ! great missions to be built )\t modify+ ! religi\s cu/oms ( ! ,zuians4 ,x is said t aft] ! prie/s 7 driv5 out ! ,pueblos return$ to _! anci5t practices1 b x mu/ be admitt$ t no "o has yet %[n h[ ! pure ,katc9a practices 7 pres]v$ ov] ?ree g5]ations4 ,!y return$ to an old wor%ip1 b :o has evid5ce to say t x 0 ! same z t ( _! great-great-gr&fa!rs8 ,9 "s in/ances ! natives h v will+ly adopt$ ,*ri/ian tea*+s & ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 believ+ t by s do+ _! own religion w\ld necess>ily become /r5g!n$ by an addition to _! pan!on4 ,su* adoption1 h[ev]1 no matt] h[ reg>d$ by !m1 made a p]man5t impression on _! primitive condition by *ang+ _! mode ( ?\ght & life4 ,!y app>5tly may h ab&on$ all t ! *ur* taught2 b :at means c\ld h be5 us$ to re/ore ! pure wor%ip ( pre-,columbian times8 ,! culture :i* 0 reviv$ 0 aborig9al1 b c\ld nev] be id5tical#aba ) t ( ! times be=e ,coronado4 ,! "q !n resolves itself into a hi/orical "o--:i* pueblos 7 ! home ( ,ca?olic prie/s = ! %orte/ "t1 & 9 :i* 7 _! influ5ces lea/ p[]ful8 ,! hi/orian w ( c\rse answ] ! ,tusayan pueblos1 & e?nology contributes h] quota ( facts to indicate t ! pure/ =m ( ,pueblo c]emonials are n[ practic$ by ^! villag]s4 ,al?\gh !re are sev]al c]emonials :i* ! ,hopi claim are n p]=m$ at ,zui1 & conv]sely o!rs p]=m$ at ,zui :i* are n obs]v$ 9 ,tusayan1 !re is a simil>ity1 diff]+ 9 details1 betwe5 ! ,kko & ,katc9a dances close en\gh to %[ _! id5tity4 ,! ,hopi recognize ?is fact1 & to prove x ,i ne$ only m5tion t ! akatc9a 9 #ahia 0 danc$ at ,zui by "s ( ! ,hopi z a ,kko4 ,i h already po9t$ out ! id5tity ( ! masks1 p>aph]nalia1 & songs ( ! ,kkok%i1 p]=m$ by ! ,zuians1 & ! akatc9a at ,walpi4 ,!re is no d\bt 9 my m9d t !y are ! same1 b ,i c n accept ! dictum t :at is obs]v$ 9 "o is id5tical ) :at exi/s 9 ! o!r4 ,!re are slight modifications :i* exi/ likewise 9 diff]5t ,hopi villages1 z w be se5 by a comp>ison ( my descriptions ( ! two4 ,"o m>k$ diff]5ce is t sev]al ,kkok%i dances 7 p]=m$ 9 ! summ] ,i sp5t at ,zui1 & t ?is id5tical ,katc9a 7! a7 is p]=m$ b once ea* summ] 9 any "o ,hopi village4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,cxi4 ,a4 ,,ho5 ,,co41 ,,li?4 ,a ,,p[amu ,,mask4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh--,symbolism ( ! helmet ( ,hmiskatc9a 7tablet remov$74 ,! only o!r ,kko#abb dance :i* ,i "k ( f p]sonal obs]vation is ! tablet dance1 :i* is 9 _m respects homolog\s ) ! ,hmiskatc9a4 ,! symbolism ( ! mask & tablet1 h[ev]1 diff]s f ! ,hmis1 & :ile 9 a speculative way ,i reg>d !m ! same we mu/ await m rese>* to prove !m id5tical4 ,! subject is /ill m complicat$ by ! fact t ! ,hopi h a tablet mask ) /ill a ?ird symbolic "*1 :i* !y call ! ,zui or ,sohmiskatc9a4 ,i ?9k we ne$ h no hesitation 9 suppos+ t ! s-call$ ,so 7,zui7 ,katc9a1 :i* ,i h else:]e describ$1 is a ,zui celebration d]iv$ f t pueblo4 ,i d n "k :e!r x is ev] p]=m$ !re 9 ! same way z at ,walpi1 s9ce x has n be5 describ$ by any ( ! /ud5ts ( ! ,zuians4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 z be=e m5tion$1 a p>tial description by ,cu%+ ( ! ,zui ,%lako1 & f 8 acc\nt we c ga!r a few ( ! ma9 po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 x & ! ,soclako p]=m$ at ,walpi & describ$ 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,! ,hopi1 h[ev]1 h a ,clako ( _! own4 ,!y di/+ui% x f ! ,soclako1 :i* !y n only recognize z ( ,zui orig91 b are also able to designate ! family :i* br\ght x f ! ,zuians4 ,! "n ( ! celebration & ! use ( ,zui words 9 x bo? po9t to ?is conclusion4 ,! correspond5ce betwe5 ! ,hema%ikwi1 or la/#abc dance--! tablet dance describ$ by me else:]e z occurr+ at ! close ( ! s]ies ( ,kkos--is probably ! same z ! ,nimnkatc9a4 ,!re are _m simil>ities to indicate ?is fact1 &1 al?\gh z yet we "k no?+ ( ! secret obs]vances connect$ ) x1 ,i suspect t a simil>ity betwe5 !m & ^? describ$ 9 ! ,mkiva w lat] be made kn[n4 ,dolls 9 imitation ( ! ,hema%ikwi are report$ 9 ! catalogue ( ,colonel ,james ,/ev5son's collection f ,zui 9 #ahha1 & ,i h no d\bt x w be f\nd t !re =m]ly 01 & possibly /ill survives1 at ! celebration ( ?is dance at ,zui ! *>act]i/ic habit 9 ,tusayan ( di/ribut+ dolls z pres5ts at ! dep>ture ( ! ,katc9as4 ,mrs ,/ev5son has giv5 %ort descriptions ( "s ( ! ,zui ,kkos & figures ( ! masks ( ! same4 ,:ile x is n possible = me to use !m 9 a comp>ison ) ,katc9a celebrations1 !y are int]e/+ 9 /udies ( symbolism4 ,! 8flogg+ ,kkos10 = in/ance1 seem to function ! same z ,twup among ! ,hopi1 b z ! symbolism ( ! mask ( ! flogg]s1 ,saihlias1 is n giv5 by ,mrs ,/ev5son ,i am n able to express an op9ion :e!r ! same p]sonage is int5d$ or n4 ,! "t ( ye> :5 ! flagellation is inflict$ by ! ,saihlia ( ,zui w\ld be an int]e/+ obs]vation1 & ! accompany+ c]emonials w\ld also be ( great int]e/ = comp>ison ) ! ,p[m4 ,i h n be5 able to f9d ! equival5ts ( ! ,slmobias among ! ,hopi1 b ! symbolism ( ,pooatwa agrees almo/ exactly ) t ( ! ,hopi ,patiwa4 ,! ,slmobias ( ! diff]5t _w-qu>t]s agree 9 color ) ^? assign$ by ! ,hopi to ! same po9ts1 ) ! exception ( ^? = ! above & bel[4 ,9 ,zui1 accord+ to ,cu%+ & ,mrs ,/ev5son1 ! above is all colors1 ! bel[ black4 ,among ! ,hopi ! above 0 f\nd to be black & ! bel[ all colors4 ,?is discrepancy 9 obs]vations is recomm5d$ z a good subject = future /ud5ts1 bo? 9 ,tusayan & ,zui4 ,9 review+ ! ,hopi c]emonial p]sonages ,i h be5 unable to f9d any homology ) ! ,slmobias4 ,! views ( ! masks#abd giv5 by ,mrs ,/ev5son af=d little in=mation on ?is subject1 b 9 h] s& picture1 surr\nd$ by ! ,plum$ ,snake1 ,i f9d "s ( ! figures ( ,slmobias ) indication ( a connect+ b& betwe5 ! eyes1 :i* recalls ,patiwa's#abe symbolism4 ,!re does n seem to be a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! pr(ile views ( ! masks ( ,patiwa & ,slmobia ( ! diff]5t _w-qu>t]s4 ,! environm5t ( ! pueblos ( ,tusayan & ( ,cibola is s simil> & ! ra9-cl\d wor%ip s imp]ative 9 bo? t1 a priori1 we %\ld expect ! ra9-cl\d symbol to be z frequ5t 9 ,zui z 9 ,walpi4 ,i am mu* surpris$ !re=e 9 /udy+ ! description ( ,zui c]emonials to f9d no?+ said ( ! *>act]i/ic ,hopi symbols ( ! ra9 cl\ds1 ! semicircles & ! p>allel l9es ( fall+ ra9 7plate ,,cviii74 ,if ! ra9 cl\ds at ,zui are limit$ to ! t]rac$#abf figures f\nd on ! pray]-meal b[ls & ! same made 9 sacr$ meal we c]ta9ly h a significant diff]5ce betwe5 ! symbolism ( ^! two peoples4 ,9 ,tusayan !re is n "o ( ! great religi\s fe/ivals :]e ! semicircul> cl\ds & fall+ ra9 d n appe> z symbols4 ,?us f> /ud5ts ( ! ,zui c]emonials h n figur$ "o in/ance 9 :i* !y are us$4#abg ,! %ort acc\nt ( ! effigy ( ! ,plum$ ,snake 7,kl[isi7 ) att5dant c]emonials at ,zui1 by ,mrs ,/ev5son1 %[s ! exi/5ce ( ar*aic rites ) ! ,plum$ ,s]p5t :i* h be5 obs]v$ 9 a diff]5t =m 7,pllkoti7 at ,tusayan4 ,! "t ( ! ye> :5 ! ,zui effigy is br\ght to ! kivas on a rude alt> is n giv52 nor is ! special "n ( ! c]emony4 ,! con* %ell is simil>ly us$ to imitate ! voice ( ! ,plum$ ,s]p5t at ,zui1 z at ,walpi1 9 ! ,soylua & ! ,pllkoti4 ,9 nei!r ( ^! c]emonials1 h[ev]1 h ! effigies be5 obs]v$ to be c>ri$ c]emonially ab\t ! pueblos ( ! ,tusayan mesas4 ,! symbolism ( ,pllkoti & ,kl[isi seems to diff]1 judg+ f publi%$ acc\nts & symbolism on ,zui & ,hopi pott]y4 ,i f9d no intimation ( ! horn on ! head ( ,zui pictures ( ! ,plum$ ,snake1 & ! arr[head decoration fails on ! body4 ,! two cresc5ts :i* are common on ! body ( ! ,zui figures h n be5 obs]v$ 9 ,hopi pictographs or effigies4 ,x w\ld seem bo? f leg5d>y & o!r reasons t !re has n be5 ! w>me/ fri5d%ip betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ,tusayan & ,cibola4 ,?is is n to be wond]$ at1 = only on r>e occasions has !re be5 good feel+ betwe5 two pueblos ev5 ( ! same spee*4 ,! massacre ( ,awatobi at ! h&s ( ! o!r ,hopi has be5 told else:]e1 & ev5 at ! pres5t day ,oraibi is n on ! be/ ( t]ms ) ! o!r ,hopi t[ns4 ,! leg5ds ( ! ,hopi are full ( qu>rels ( "o pueblo ) ano!r1 & bitt] hatr$ sometimes develop+ into bloody w>s 9 :i* _! own k9dr$ 7 attack$ & pueblos de/roy$4 ,9 h] article1 8,a *apt] ( ,zui my?ology10#abh ,mrs ,/ev5son says3 8,! ,ah%iwanni1#abi a prie/hood ( f\rte5 m5 :o fa/ & pray = ra92 ! ,kokko1 an organization be>+ ! "n ( an?ropomorphic be+s 7pr9cipally ance/ral7 :om !y p]sonate1 & ?irte5 esot]ic societies are ! ?ree fundam5tal religi\s bodies ( ,zui4444 ,! society ( ! ,kokko p]sonate an?ropomorphic gods by we>+ masks & o!r p>aph]nalia4 ,!re are six e/ufas or *amb]s ( ! ,kokko = ! six regions1 ! nor?1 we/1 s\?1 ea/1 z5i?1 & nadir1 & ^! rooms pres5t fanta/ic sc5es :5 ! primitive drama is enact$ by ! p]sonators ( ^! an?ropomorphic gods4444 ,! esot]ic societies1 ) b "o or two exceptions1 h no?+ to d ) an?ropomorphic be+s1 ?is category ( gods be+ zoomorphic40 ,accept+ ^! /atem5ts z a correct idea ( ! 8?ree fundam5tal religi\s bodies ( ,zui0 ,i f9d great difficulty 9 trac+ an intimate relation betwe5 !m & ^? ( ! ,hopi sy/em4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! ,katc9as are an?ropomorphic & likewise ance/ral4 ,!y be> ! names ( animals1 & 9 t s5se may be call$ 9 "s in/ances zoomorphic4 ,walpi1 h[ev]1 has b five kivas1 ! memb]s ( ea* ( :i* 9 ! ,p[m p]sonify diff]5t ,katc9as4 ,i h n yet discov]$ t ea* ( ^! kivas is associat$ ) a diff]5t c>d9al _w-qu>t]1 z ,mrs ,/ev5son f9ds to be ! case 9 ,zui4 ,! esot]ic societies ( ! ,zui1 accord+ to ,mrs ,/ev5son1 8) b "o or two exceptions h no?+ to d ) an?ropomorphic be+s40 ,i am n able to h>monize my obs]vations ( ! secret societies 9 ,tusayan ) ! def9ition giv5 ( ! esot]ic societies 9 ,zui1 & mu/ await "s cle>] insight into ! "* ( ! latt] be=e (f]+ any discussion ( sev]al resemblances :i* c be detect$4 ,f an exam9ation ( ,cu%+'s article 9 ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 9 :i* ! esot]ic societies ( ,zui are briefly def9$1 ,i am l$ to believe t ! s-call$ esot]ic societies 9 t pueblo diff] a good deal f ^? 9 ,walpi4 ,! ,hopi te/ify t :ile "s ( _! secret frat]nities are repres5t$ 9 ,zui sev]al ( !m are n id5tical4#acj ,mrs ,/ev5son does n make x cle> :o ^! f\rte5 7six7 s-call$ ,ah%iwanni are1 b calls !m 8ra9 prie/s40 ,%e intimates t !y appeal directly to ! ,sun fa!r1 _! supreme deity1 & to ! ra9 mak]s1 :ile ! 8societies0 address 8! bea/ gods ( _! wor%ip to int]c$e ) ! ,sun fa!r & ra9 mak]s40 ,!re is app>5tly no p>allelism betwe5 ^! conditions & ^? at ,tusayan1 b ,i c readily f9d tru? 9 ! /atem5t :5 appli$ to ! ,hopi t 8no society conv5es )\t giv+ mu* "t to invocations = ra940 ,i am sure t "s ( ! societies at ,tusayan d n appeal to ! bea/ gods to int]c$e ) ! ,sun fa!r & ra9 mak]s1 b address ! latt] directly 9 _! pray]s4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> !re is c]ta9ly a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! conceptions back ( ! rites 9 ,tusayan & ^? ascrib$ to ! ,cibolans4#aca ,! cu/om ( ! ,ykimowi1 or ra9 *ief1 retir+ alone to a cell to pray = ra9 0 practic$ 9 ,tusayan4 ,"o ( ^! retreats is to be se5 at ! ,middle mesa4 ,among ! foo?ills !re is a block ( s&/one1 #ae feet long1 #e feet wide1 & #d feet ?ick4 ,its flat face is ab\t horizontal or slightly tilt$ t[>d ! nor!a/4 ,portions ( a r\gh wall are /ill 9 place "u ! block1 confirm+ ! /ory t !re 0 "h =m]ly a *amb] ( :i* ! block 0 ! ro(4 ,an ap]ture on ! nor!a/]n corn]1 ab\t #bj in*es squ>e1 is usually clos$ ) loose /ones1 b ! *amb] is n[ fill$ 9 ) s& to )9 ab\t #b feet ( ! ro( or l[] surface ( ! slab4 ,! int]ior ( ! *amb] 0 ab\t #h feet long & #d feet wide4 ,on ! ro(1 :i* 0 pa9t$ :ite1 are figures ( yell[1 gre51 r$1 & :ite ra9 cl\ds ) p>allel l9es ( fall+ ra9 & zigzag lightn+ symbols 9 conv5tional patt]ns4 ,to ?is *amb]1 x is said1 ! ,ra9 *ief ( ! ,wat] p retir$ at plant+ "t & liv$ !re sixte5 days1 8 food be+ br\ght to him by a girl dur+ 8 vigils4 ,he 0 able by 8 pray]s to br+ ! ra94 ,^! visits 7 made long ago1 b ev5 n[ !re are phos /rewn ab\t ! *amb]1 & dev\t p]sons visit ! place at ! pres5t day ) a nakwkwoci & pray = ra94 ,al?\gh ! ,ra9 *ief no long] passes ! sixte5 days !re1 x is a holy place = ! purposes m5tion$4 8,! e>?10 says ,mrs ,/ev5son1#acb 8is wat]$ by ! deceas$ ,zui ( bo? sexes1 :o are controll$ & direct$ by a c\ncil compos$ ( ance/ral gods4 ,^! %ad[ p collect wat] 9 vases & g\rd jugs f ! six great wat]s ( ! _w1 & pass to & fro ov] ! middle plane1 protect$ f view ( ! p bel[ by cl\d masks40 ,i f9d a diff]5t conception f ?is ( ! ra9-mak+ p[]s ( ! dead among ! ,hopi4 ,among o!r c]emonials1 :5 c]ta9 p]sons die1 aft] ! *9 has be5 black5$1 ! body wa%$1 & prescrib$ fea!rs plac$ on diff]5t p>ts ( x1 a ?9 wad ( raw cotton 9 :i* is pun*$ holes = ! eyes is laid ^u ! face4 ,?is is a mask & is call$ a ra9-cl\d or 8pray] to ! dead to br+ ! ra940 ,9 g5]al1 z _m writ]s h said1 ! use ( ! mask trans=ms ! we>] into a deity designat$ by ! symbolism ( ! same1#acc & z a consequ5ce ! dead1 we may !oretically suppose1 are !reby end[$ ) sup]natural p[]s to br+ ra94 ,! m[hs1 h[ev]1 are ! ,ra9 gods1 & s f> z ,i c expla9 ! significance ( ! symbolic ra9-cl\d mask on ! face ( ! dead & ! black color on ! *91 x is simply a me?od ( pray] ?r\gh ! div9iz$ dead to ! ,ra9-cl\d deities4 ,among ! ,hopi ! e>? is wat]$ by ! ,ra9-gods1 b ! dead are c]emonially made int]cessors to affect !m4 ,9 ?is view ( ! case ! ,hopi may be said to believe t ! e>? is 8wat]$ by ! deceas$ ( bo? sexes40 ,! ,hopi believe t ! brea? body ( ! ,zui goes to a sacr$ place ne> ,sa9t ,johns1 call$ ,wnima4 ,!re ! dead are suppos$ to be *ang$ into ,katc9as1 & ! place is reput$ to be "o ( ! homes ( ^! p]sonages4 ,x is likewise specially spok5 ( z ! h\se ( ,clako1 & x is believ$ t ! ,zui hold ! same views ( ?is my/]i\s place4 ,9 lagoons ne> x turtles are abundant1 & n f> away ,mr ,hubbell & o!rs discov]$ sacrificial cav]ns 9 :i* 7 l>ge collections ( pott]y4 ,ttci1 a ,hopi resid5t ( ,zui1 is ! au?ority = ! /atem5t t ! ,cibolans d n use ! raw cotton mortu>y mask1 al?\gh !y black5 ! face ( ! dead *iefs4 ,he says ! same idea ( div9ization ( ! brea? body into a ,katc9a seems to be curr5t among ! ,zui z among ! ,hopi4 ,accord+ to ,mrs ,/ev5son ! fa!r ( ! ,kokko is ,kaklo 7,kyklu71 ^: s]vants are ! ,slmobiyas4 ,! "n ( _! "m is n kn[n to me4 ,! ,katc9as are said to be ! (fspr+ ( an ,e>? goddess1#acd :o figures "u _m names4 ,_! fa!r's "n on comp>ative gr\nds is suppos$ to be ,twa1 ! sun1 or ,twup1 _! eld] bro!r4 ,a /udy ( ! gr\p ( ,katc9a c]emonials z comp>$ ) ! ,kko br+s out 9 prom95ce ! conclusion t :ile "s ( !m may be id5tical1 z a rule !re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! ritual ( ! ,tusayan p & _! ne>e/ neighbor1 ! ,zui4 ,if v>iations exi/ betwe5 ^! neighbors we are ju/ifi$ 9 ! suspicion1 :i* obs]vation z f> z x has ?us f> gone supports1 t !re are ev5 wid] diff]5ces betwe5 pueblos m di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,! e?nologi/ fully cognizant ) ! ritual 9 "o pueblo has a g5]al conception ( ! "* ( all1 b *anges due to suppression ( c]emonials1 survivals1 dy+ out ( societies1 & _m o!r causes h modifi$ ! pueblos 9 diff]5t ways4 ,! "* ( ! anci5t sy/em is adult]at$ 9 all4 ,we c =m an idea ( ?is modification 9 no bett] way ?an by a m9ute /udy ( ! exi/+ ritual 9 e pueblo4 ,^u su* compreh5sive /udy sci5ce is at ! v ?re%old4 ,! =ego+ pages op5 _m consid]ations ( a !oretical nature :i* ,i h n attempt$ to develop4 ,my greate/ solicitude has be5 to sket* ! outl9e ( ! ,katc9a c]emonials z p]=m$ at ! ,hopi village ( ,walpi 9 ,tusayan4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,^! /udies 7 made :ile ! au?or 0 connect$ ) ! ,hem5way ,exp$ition f #ahij to #ahid1 & ! memoir1 :i* 0 prep>$ 9 #ahid1 includes ! results ( ! obs]vations ( ! late ,a4 ,m4 ,/eph5 z well z ( ^? ( ! au?or4 #b ,! lett]s us$ 9 spell+ ,indian words 9 ?is article h ! foll[+ s\nds3 a1 z 9 f>2 1 z 9 :at2 ai1 z i 9 p9e2 e1 z a 9 fate2 i1 z 9 pique2 1 z 9 p92 u1 z 9 rule2 1 z 9 b2 1 z 9 ! ,fr5* tu2 p1 b1 v1 simil> 9 s\nd2 t & d1 l ! same 9 t>e & d>e1 almo/ indi/+ui%able2 tc1 z * 9 *9k3 c1 z % 9 %all2 1 z n 9 syncope2 s1 sibilant2 r1 obscure roll+ s\nd2 l1 m1 n1 k1 h1 y1 z1 z 9 ,engli%4 #c ,^! obs]vations are conf9$ to ?ree villages on ! ,ea/ mesa1 :i* has be5 ! field m ?or\ghly cultivat$ by ! memb]s ( ! ,hem5way ,exp$ition4 #d 8,s\ls0 9 ! broade/ conception ( ! believ]s 9 ,tylor's animi/ic !ory4 #e ,! di/9ction betwe5 elaborate & abbreviat$ ,katc9as w be spok5 ( lat]4 #f ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k :at relation%ip exi/s betwe5 abbreviat$ & elaborate ,katc9as4 ,are ! =m]1 = in/ance1 remnants ( m complicat$ pres5tations 9 :i* ! secret elem5ts h be5 dropp$ 9 ! c\rse ( "t8 ,7 !y =m]ly m complicat$1 or are !y 9 l[] /ages ( evolution1 ga!r+ episodes :i* if left alone w\ld f9ally make !m m complex8 ,i incl9e to ! belief t ! abbreviat$ ,katc9as are remnants1 & _! r$uction due to practical reasons4 ,9 a g5]al way ! ^w ,katc9a may be translat$ 8s\l0 or 8deifi$ ance/or10 & 9 ?is respect af=ds mo/ valuable data to ! uphold]s ( ! animi/ic !ory4 ,b !re are o!r elem5ts 9 ,tusayan my?ology :i* are n animi/ic4 ,z ,mogk has well %[n 9 ,teutonic my?ology1 nature elem5ts & ! great gods are orig9al1 s among ! ,hopi ! nature elem5ts are n id5tifi$ ) remote ance/ors1 nor is !re evid5ce t _! wor%ip 0 d]ivative4 ,z ,saussaye rem>ks1 8,animism is always & ev]y:]e mix$ up ) religion2 x is nev] & n[h]e ! :ole ( religion40 #g ,by ,gregorian mon?s1 :i* ( c\rse ! ,hopi d n recognize by ^! names or limits4 ,_! own 8moons0 h be5 giv5 else:]e4 #h ,! mon?s to :i* ! fir/ division r\ghly corresponds are ,janu>y to ,july4 ,! second division includes1 r\ghly speak+1 ,augu/ & ,decemb] 7inclusive74 ,m accurately def9$1 ! sol> ye> is ab\t equally divid$ into two p>ts by ! ,nimn1 :i* is probably ! exact divid+ celebration ( ! c]emonial ye>4 #i ,!re is a slight r s\nd 9 ! fir/ two syllables ( ,wwtcmti4 #aj ,! ^w miyaw means 8moon10 by :i* x w\ld seem t our satellite det]m9es ! small] divisions ( ! ye>4 #aa ,f _! _m /ories ( ! "u _w ,i am l$ to believe t ! ,hopi consid] x a c\nt]p>t ( ! e>?'s surface1 & a region inhabit$ by s5ti5t be+s4 ,9 ?is "u _w ! seasons alt]nate ) ^? 9 ! upp] _w1 & :5 x is summ] 9 ! above x is w9t] 9 ! _w bel[1 & vice v]sa4 ,moreov]1 c]emonies are said to be p]=m$ !re z "h1 & frequ5t ref]5ces are made to _! "*4 ,x is believ$ t ^! c]emonies some:at resemble ea* o!r & are complem5tal4 ,9 _! cultus ( ! dead ! "u _w is also reg>d$ z ! abode ( ! 8brea?-body0 ( ! deceas$1 :o ent] x ?r\gh a spapu1 (t5 spok5 ( z a lake4 ,i h n detect$ t !y diff]5tiate ?is _w into two regions1 ! abode ( ! bless$ & t ( ! damn$4 #ab ,! ,twaki ( ttyka is ! sun h\se4 ,!re is no sun h\se at hpoko nor at tvyua4 ,! names ( ! f\r horizon c>d9al po9ts are1 kw9wi1 nor?we/2 tevya1 s\?we/2 tatyka1 s\!a/1 & hopokyka 7syncopat$ hpoko71 nor!a/4 #ac ,note ! simil>ity 9 s\nd to ! ,nahuatl mon?1 ,que*olli1 9 :i* ! ,atamalqualiztli 0 celebrat$4 ,see 8,a ,c5tral ,am]ican c]emony :i* sugge/s ! ,snake dance ( ! ,tusayan villag]s10 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,wa%+ton1 vol4 ,,vi1 ,no4 #c4 ,que*olli1 h[ev]1 accord+ to bo? ,sahagun & ,s]na1 0 9 ,novemb]4 ,! ,snake dance at ,walpi is ?us celebrat$ ab\t six mon?s f ,atamalqualiztli1 or n f> f ! "t :5 ! p ( ! "u _w celebrate _! ,snake-,antelope solemnities4 ,9 ?is connection att5tion may be call$ to ! fact t ! ,snake-,antelope prie/s 9 ,walpi h a simple ga!r+ 9 ! w9t] ,pa moon 7,janu>y71 :5 _! sac]dotal k9dr$ ( ! "u _w are suppos$ by !m to be p]=m+ _! unabbreviat$ snake rites4 ,?is is at mo/ only ab\t a mon? f ! "t ,atamalqualiztli 0 celebrat$4 ,teotlico1 ! ,nahuatl return ( ! w> god1 occurr$ 9 ,novemb]2 ,soylua1 ! w>riors' return1 9 ,decemb]4 ,!re are important comp>ative data he>+ on ! lik5ess ( ,hopi & ,nahuatl c]emonies hidd5 9 ! resemblance betwe5 ,kwetcla & ,que*olli 7,kwetcoli74 #ad ,myiwh1 ! goddess ( g]ms1 is preem95tly ! div9ity ( ! "u _w1 & has "s rem>kable simil>ities to ! ,nahuatl ,mictlantecutli or 8 female companion ,mictlancihuatl4 ,! "n is v simil> to t = moon4 ,?is 0 ! rul] ( ! _w ( %ades visit$ by ,tiyo1 ! snake h]o4 7,see ! leg5d ( ! ,snake ,y\? 9 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*aeology1 vol4 ,,iv1 ,bo/on1 #ahid47 #ae ,! ,soylua has be5 call$ ! ,katc9a's return1 :i* "n is n inaccurate4 ,x is1 /rictly speak+1 a w>riors' celebration1 & m>ks ! return ( ! lead] ( ! ,katc9as1 z 9 ,teotleco4 ,! ,katc9as appe> 9 =ce 9 ! ,pa celebration4 #af ,i h else:]e po9t$ out ! simil>ity betwe5 ! dramatizations ( ! ,snake-,antelope & ! ,flute societies1 b ! memb]s ( ! =m] sc\t ! idea t !y are relat$4 ,evid5tly ! simil>ity 9 _! c]emonials1 :i* c n be d5i$1 are n ak9 to ! relation%ips :i* !y recognize betwe5 bro!r & si/] societies4 #ag ,/rictly speak+1 eight active1 s9ce ! fir/ day is n reg>d$ z a c]emonial day4 ,see ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #ac1 #ahid4 #ah ,cl[ns1 call$ likewise 8mudheads0 & 8gluttons40 #ai ,! tponi is suppos$ to be ! "m or ! palladium1 ! sacr$ badge ( (fice ( ! society4 ,x is "o ( ! wmi or sacr$ objects 9 ! keep+ ( a *ief1 & is ! insignium ( 8 (ficial /&+4 ,! "* ( ?is object v>ies ) diff]5t societies1 &1 9 a simple =m1 is an e> ( corn surr\nd$ by /icks & bright-color$ fea!rs b\nd by a bucksk9 /r+4 ,= ! cont5ts ( ! m elaborate =ms1 see my description ( ! ,llakoti tponi 7call$ bundles ( phos74 #bj ,phos or pray]-/icks are pray]-be>]s ( diff]5t =ms conceiv$ to be male & female :5 d\ble4 ,_! common =m is figur$ 9 my memoir on ! ,snake ,c]emonials at ,walpi2 ,j\r4 ,am4 ,e?4 & ,ar*41 vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #bg4 ,prescrib$ =ms v>y ) diff]5t deities4 #ba ,! ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,wa%+ton1 ,april1 #ahib4 #bb ,ibid41 ,july1 #ahib4 #bc ,errone\sly id5tifi$ z ,clako 9 my description & plates ( ! pres5tation ( ! ,mamzrati 9 #ahia4 #bd ,! f\r societies :o celebrate ! ,wwtcmti are ! ,alwympkiya1 ,wwtcmwympkiya1 ,tatakyam1 & ,kwkwant4 #be ,*ief ( ! ,kwkwant1 a p[]ful w>rior society4 ,among v>i\s attributes ,msawh is ! ,fire ,god4 #bf ,! body1 save = a kilt1 is uncov]$4 ,?is kilt is :ite or gre5 9 color1 ) embroid]$ ra9-cl\d symbols4 ,?is is ti$ by a sa%1 ) dep5d5t fox-sk9 beh9d4 ,rattles made ( a turtle %ell & %eep or antelope ho(s are ti$ to "o leg back ( ! knee1 & moccas9s are ord9>ily worn4 ,spruce twigs are ins]t$ 9 ! girdle1 & ! ,katc9a c>ries a rattle 9 "o h&4 ,?is rattle is a g\rd %ell ) /ones )9 & ) a %ort wood5 h&le4 #bg ,! left h& is always us$ to receive meal (f]+s & nakwkwocis1 & is spok5 ( z kyakyauna1 desirable4 ,! "r h& is call$ tncmahtu1 food h&4 #bh ,! ^w ,katc9a1 z already /at$1 is appli$ to a c]emonial dance & to a p]sonator 9 ! same4 ,! symbolism ( ea* is be/ express$ by ! c>v$ wood5 /atuettes or dolls1 thus1 _m examples ( :i* ,i h describ$ 9 my article on 8,dolls ( ! ,tusayan ,indians0 9 ,int]nationales ,ar*iv fr ,e?nographie1 #ahid4 ,pr(itable s\rces ( in=mation 9 reg>d to ! symbolic *>act]i/ics ( ! ,katc9as are c]amic objects1 photographs1 clay tiles1 clay images1 pictures on alt>s1 etc4 ,all pictorial or glyptic repres5tations ( ! same ,katc9a are 9 ! ma9 id5tical1 ) slight v>iations 9 detail1 due to te*nique4 #bi ,= a description ( ! akatc9a see ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 #cj ,i h also se5 visors ( ?is k9d1 & an old prie/ ( my acqua9tance on secul> occasions sometimes wore a huge eye %ade or visor made ( basketw>e4 ,! helmet ( ! ,humskatc9a be>s a will[ framework :i* =ms a k9d ( visor1 & if1 z ,i suspect f ! 8l>ge pa/ebo>d sk9 ov] framework or wood5 bo>d t[]10 x 0 a tablet or nkci1 ! p]sonification m5tion$ by ,t5 ,broeck may h be5 a ,humskatc9a4 ,9 ,may1 #ahia1 ,i obs]v$ a ,hums1 b !re is no reason f ! !ory ( ! "t ( abbreviat$ ,katc9as to limit x to ,may4 ,x might h be5 p]=m$ 9 ,april equally well4 ,! ,katc9amanas 7 n obs]v$ by me to we> su* visors z ,t5 ,broeck obs]v$4 #ca ,dur+ t "t our k ( ! ,snake dance _h be5 enl>g$ by ,/eph51 ,b\rke1 & o!rs4 #cb ,! ,katc9as1 sometimes spelt ,ca*9as1 are believ$ to be ! same z ! ,zui ,kkos & possibly ! ,nahuatl teotls4 ,! d]ivation is obscure2 possibly x is f ktci1 spread out1 horizontal1 ! surface ( ! e>?1 na1 fa!r1 abbreviat$ na1 surface ( l&1 fa!r4 ,! ,tusayan ,indians say t _! ,katc9as are ! same z ! ,zui ,kko1 pron\nc+ ! ^w z "h spell$4 ,cu%+ insi/s1 h[ev]1 t ! prop] "n ( ! organization is ,kk4 ,i f9d ,mrs ,/ev5son1 9 h] valuable article on ! ,religi\s ,life ( a ,zui ,*ild1 has us$ ! spell+ ,kokko1 :i* introduces ! o s\nd :i* ! ,tusayan p di/9ctly use 9 speak+ ( ! ,katc9as ( _! ne>e/ ,pueblo neighbors4 ,?is v>iation 9 spell+ ( "o ( ! m common words by consci5ti\s obs]v]s %[s "o ( ! difficulties :i* besets ! pa? ( ^? :o attempt etymologic dissection ( ,pueblo words4 ,_m ,zui words 9 ! m\?s ( ! ,hopi suff] /range modifications1 s t ,i am n greatly surpris$ to f9d idiomatic diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,hopi dialect ( ! ,ea/ mesa & t ( ,oraibi4 ,h[ mu* may result aft] ye>s ( sep>ation no "o c tell1 b ! l+ui/ mu/ be prep>$ to f9d ^! diff]5ces v consid]able4 #cc ,?is p]son is said to h be5 ! "m ( ! ,katc9as4 ,%e also 0 ! "m ( ! mon/]s1 ! slaught] ( :om by ! cultus h]o1 ,pkohoya1 & 8 tw9 bro!r is a con/ant !me 9 ,tusayan folklore4 #cd ,/ev5son1 ,navaho ,s& ,pa9t+s1 9 ,eigh? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology4 #ce ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 #cf ,! ,hopi report t ! ,zui believe t ! dead are *ang$ into ,katc9as & g to a ,spap1 :i* !y desc5d & tell ! 8*iefs0 to s5d ! ra94 ,! ,hopi believe t ! dead become div9iz$ 7,katc9as 9 a loose mean+7 & int]c$e = ra94 7,see discussion ( ,mrs ,/ev5son's /atem5t t ! dead s5d ra947 ,x seems to me t /ud5ts ( primitive my? & ritual h h>dly begun to realize ! important "p :i* ori5tation plays 9 e>ly religions4 ,z rese>* progresses x w be f\nd to be ( prim>y importance4 ,! idea ( _w-qu>t] deities sprang f a/ronomical conceptions & 0 d]iv$ f a primitive sun wor%ip 9 :i* ! less] deities naturally came to be associat$ ) ! f\r horizon po9ts ( sol/itial sunrise & sunset4 #cg ,i h else:]e po9t$ out t ! tponi is call$ ! "m1 & ?is usage seems to hold among ! o!r ,pueblos4 ,z a badge ( *iefta9cy x is c>ri$ by ! *iefs on c]ta9 occasions ( initiation & public exhibitions1 z c be se5 by consult+ my memoir ( ! ,snake ,c]emonials at ,walpi4 ,cmo1 ! old ,flute *ief 7obit #ahic71 once made ! foll[+ rem>k ab\t 8 tponi3 8,?is is my "m2 ! out] wrapp+ is h] g>m5t2 ! /r+ ( %ells is h] necklace2 ! fea!rs typify ! birds1 & )9 x are all ! desirable se$s4 ,:5 ,i g to sleep %e wat*es ov] me1 & :5 ,i die "o ( ! fea!rs w be plac$ ^u my he>t1 & ,i hope ! tponi w take c>e ( me40 ,f ^! words we le>n h[ mu* ! tponi is v5]at$1 & x is n rem>kable1 consid]+ ! b5efits :i* are ?\ght to come f x1 t x is designat$ 8! "m40 #ch ,i m5tion ?is fact s9ce1 foll[+ ,b&oli]'s /udios among ! ,rio ,gr&e ,pueblos1 we h some?+ diff]5t4 ,! ,ko%>e1 :i* appe> to correspond ) a gr\p ( ! ,tcukwympkiya1 ! ,paiakyam1 are reg>d$ by him z ! summ] & autumn m51 :ile ! ,cuirana are ! spr+ m54 ,dur+ ! late summ] & autumn ! ,tcukwympkiya take no "p 9 ! c]emonials at ! ,ea/ mesa ( ,tusayan4 ,no ,tcukwympkiyas appe> 9 ! ,snake1 ,flute1 ,llakoti1 ,mamzrati1 ,wwtcmti1 or 9 c]ta9 m9or fe/ivals4 ,!y appe> to be almo/ univ]sal accompanim5ts ( ! ,katc9a obs]vances4 #ci ,! elaboration is ( c\rse along diff]5t l9es ( gr[?1 & its *>act]i/ics are treat$ 9 ! sev]al already publi%$ articles devot$ to ^! subjects4 ,9 none ( ! abbreviat$ ,katc9as describ$ 0 !re an alt> or complicat$ kiva p]=mance1 b on ! o!r h&1 9 ! elaborate ,katc9as su* secret obs]vances always exi/$4 ,socalako1 describ$ 9 ?is article1 af=ds an int]e/+ abbreviat$ c]emonial ) kiva rites4 #dj ,?is might bett] be call$ a composite1 abbreviat$ ,katc9a4 #da ,! late ,mr ,/eph5 made ext5d$ /udies ( ?is pres5tation 9 #ahib1 b 8 fatal illness prev5t$ 8 be+ 9 ! kiva ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,x is necess>y t a cont9u$ /udy ( ?is dramatization be made be=e a complete acc\nt ( ! c]emonial cal5d> c be attempt$4 ,! foll[+ m5 are di/9ctly call$ *iefs3 ,mom[it ( ,soylua1 ,kwtcakwa1 ,sakw/iwa ,anawta1 ,nasmoki1 ,kwa1 ,sikyu/iwa1 & ,spela4 #db ,see figures ( ?is effigy 9 my acc\nt ( ! ,pllkoti1 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-lore1 ,oct4-,dec41 #ahic4 #dc ,"h evid5tly we h a pray] to ! deity symboliz$ by ! effigy & n an invocation to ! effigy itself4 #dd ,! dance ) ! sun-%ield remotely resembles c]ta9 s-call$ 8sun dances10 :i* h be5 describ$ among ! nomads1 9 :i* physical exhau/ion & suff]+ are common features4 ,?is dance1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 took place :5 ! sun 0 at ! w9t] sol/ice1 & ! dramatization ( attack & def5se may h "s mean+ 9 connection ) ?is fact4 #de ,on ! au?ority ( ,cyrus ,?omas1 8,are ! ,maya hi]oglyphs phonetic80 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,wa%+ton1 ,july1 #ahic1 p4 #bff4 ,8 reason+ t ! scribe ( ! codex int5d$ to repres5t ?is a/ronomical ev5t is plausible b n conclusive4 #df ,!re are memb]s ( ! ,am]ican race liv+ :]e ! sun disappe>s at ! w9t] sol/ice or succumbs to evil p[]s4 ,h ! ,pueblos inh]it$ ?is rite f p :o once liv$ f> to ! nor?8 #dg ,! fact t ! ,snake dance foll[s ! ,nimn may be expla9$ z foll[s3 ,! sun beg9s to be affect$ by ! ,plum$ ,snake at ! ,f>ewell dance1 & ! gr[+ influ5ce ( ?is div9ity is recogniz$1 h5ce 8 *ildr5 7reptiles7 are ga!r$ f ! fields & intru/$ ) ! pray]s ( m5 to cease 8 malign influ5ce4 #dh ,at ! ,nimn 9 ! prec$+ ,july4 #di ,) ,tatckti 7,mud-heads74 #ej ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,iv4 #ea ,numb]s #a1 #b1 #g1 #i & #aj ( ?is li/ h be5 describ$ z abbreviat$ ,katc9as4 ,! symbolism ( #c & #h is %[n 9 my figures ( dolls2 ( ! rema9d] my in=mation is z yet v limit$4 #eb ,comp>able ) ! ,nahuatl ,o*panitzli4 ,! po9ts ( simil>ity betwe5 ! two are ! pr$om9ance ( ! ,e>? goddess & ! c]emonial r5ovation ( ! sacr$ ga!r+ places4 #ec ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,wa%+ton1 ,janu>y1 #ahid4 #ed ,! accompany+ obs]vations on ! ,p[m 7 made by ! late ,a4 ,m4 ,/eph5 9 8 "w = ! ,hem5way ,exp$ition4 #ee ,^! m5 7 f ! lkiva4 ,!y wore ! knob-head helmets & _! bodies 7 /a9$ r$4 ,ea* c>ri$ a rattle 9 ! "r & an eagle fea!r 9 ! left h&1 & _h a p\* ( sk9 or o!r mat]ial slung ov] ! "r %\ld]4 ,?is held corn1 beans1 & o!r se$s1 :i* !y gave to ! wom5 & eld]s4 #ef ,) ! coil$ /one1 :i* resembles ! ca/ ( "s l>ge fossil %ell4 ,i v5ture to sugge/ t ! reason we f9d petrifi$ wood 9 "s %r9es c be expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,9 times long pa/ trees 7 believ$ by ! ,hopi to h s\ls & ^! brea? bodies 7 p[]ful ag5ts 9 obta9+ bless+s or answ]+ pray]s4 ,! fossiliz$ logs n[ put 9 %r9es date back to ! times ( :i* ,i speak1 consequ5tly !y are efficaci\s 9 ! pray]s ( ! pres5t p4 ,?is is b ! expression ( an animi/ic belief 9 ! s\ls ( trees4 #eg ,%e has ! ,be> tponi & o!r feti*es4 #eh ,! "n giv5 = ?is m>k+ by ,ahl is m[h mowitpeadta4 ,x is an appeal to all ! gods ( ! six regions to bless ^! ,kivas & h\ses4 #ei ,! p]=mances ) ! cl[ns 7 n unlike o!rs 9 :i* !y appe>4 #fj ,! m\nd f :i* x 0 obta9$ is close to ! base ( ! foo?ills ea/w>d f ,walpi1 & all ! s& = all ! kivas 0 obta9$ f ?is p>ticul> m\nd4 #fa ,dur+ ! fe/ival ! wom5 clip ! hair ( _! *ildr54 ,! hair is cut ov] ! entire cranium ( ! little boys1 b 9 ! case ( ! girls a fr+e is left ar\nd ! base ( ! head1 especially on ea* side1 = ! *>act]i/ic :orls worn by maid5s4 #fb ,! gap 9 ! ,ea/ mesa1 kn[n z ,wala1 :5ce ! "n ( ! pueblo ( ,walpi at ! we/]n end ( ! same height4 #fc ,woman's blanket )\t decoration4 #fd ,at ! tip ( ! l[e/ tail fea!r on ea* side a nakwkwoci /a9$ ) cta 0 hung4 #fe ,natcka c>ri$ a h&saw 9 ! left h&4 #ff ,b&ole]4 #fg ,hahawqti did n ent] any ( ! h\ses1 b m]ely w5t up ! ladd] two or ?ree rungs & /ood !re j high en\gh to br+ h] helmet on a level ) ! fir/ t]race4 ,%e !n gave h] %rill hoot1 & :5 ! wom5 _h br\ght out _! *ildr5 spoke to !m 9 high falsetto4 #fh ,a figure ( ,tuwpka*9a ) 8 pet 7pkema7 appe>s on ! r]$os ( ! alt> ( ! ,nimnkatc9a4 7,see ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a47 ,! sprig :i* he is depict$ z be>+ 9 ! h& 0 suppos$ to repres5t a corn/alk1 b f ! new obs]vations ( ! p]sonification ( ,tuwup !re is no d\bt t a yucca :ip 0 int5d$4 #fi ,z ,i h already po9t$ out1 ! y\? :o dons ! mask ( a ,katc9a is believ$ to be = ! "t trans=m$ into a deity 7s\l74 #gj ,mo1 *ief2 kohu1 wood--a *iefta9's badge4 #ga ,etoto 78,aiwtoto071 has be5 describ$ 9 my acc\nt ( ! daybreak c]emonials ( ! ,f>ewell ,katc9a 7,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a74 ,hahawqti has be5 figur$ & describ$ 9 my article on ,c]ta9 ,p]sonages :o ,appe> 9 a ,tusayan ,c]emony 7,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,janu>y1 #ahid74 #gb ,a society comp>able ) ! 8,prie/hood ( ! ,b[0 at ,zui4 ,?is society is a prie/hood app>5tly ) mu* less p[] ?an t ( ! neighbor+ ,cibolan pueblo1 b its *ief ,pauwatwa is p[]ful1 &1 x may be said1 en passant1 a mo/ g5ial & highly valuable fri5d to h 9 e?nologic "w at ,walpi4 #gc ,8 fiddle 0 a not*$ /ick :i* he scrap$ ) a %eep scapula4 #gd ,kawakakatc9as4 ,kawaka is a ,hopi "n = ! ,laguna p ( ,k]esan /ock4 #ge ,see figure 9 ,nacnaiya1 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-lore1 ,july-,septemb]1 #ahib4 #gf ,! signification ( ! bundle ( /raw may be t "h we h ! symbolic broom ( ! purification c]emony1 if ,i am "r 9 my int]pretation t ! ,p[m is a lu/ral c]emony4 ,9 ,nubuatl c]emonial1 ,o*panitzli1 ! "m1 ,toci1 c>ries ! broom1 :i* is h] symbol 9 ?is celebration1 z %[n 9 ,sel]'s int]pretation ( ! ,humboldt manuscripts4 ,9 ?is connection ! read] is ref]r$ to ! facts m5tion$ else:]e 9 ?is article t all ! kivas are repla/]$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,p[m4 #gg ,elision ( ! syllable ka 9 ?is & simil> comp\nds is common4 #gh ,! symbolism ( _! masks & _! dance is describ$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 #gi ,see ,nimnkatc9a alt>1 call$ nananivo poya1 six-directions alt>4 ,! :ole c]emony is an invocation to ! six _w-qu>t] deities4 #hj ,x is g5]ally ! cu/om to ano9t ! feet1 h&s1 etc1 ) honey :5 a p]son is s5t out ) (f]+s to %r9es4 7,see 8,snake dance10 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,iv47 #ha ,see cl\d-*>m alt> 9 o!r c]emonials4 ,x is r$undant 9 ?is place to repeat ^! acc\nts1 z ! v>iations are n important4 7,see ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a47 ,! ,p[m alt>s are ! same z ! ,niman1 q4 v4 #hb ,z ! numb] ( ^! p]sonages 0 l>ge 9 ?is pres5tation1 ?is summ>y m5tion ( _! names may be ( int]e/4 #hc ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-lore1 ,octob]-,decemb]1 #ahic4 #hd ,x w ?us be se5 t ! details ( ?is c]emony v>y 9 diff]5t ye>s1 b ! v>iation dep5ds simply on ! kiva pres5t+ x4 ,x is commonly said t ! orig9al wmi ( ! ,pllkoti 7,great ,plum$ ,snake7 7 br\ght to ,tusayan by ! ,wat] p f ! f> s\?4 ,o!r obs]vations support t /atem5t4 #he ,to ^! mu/ be add$ ! con/ant accompany+ prie/s 9 all c]emonials1 :o are unmask$ & d n p]sonate sup]natural be+s4 #hf ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 #hg ,ibid4 ,! foll[+ abbreviat$ ,katc9as h be5 describ$ & figur$3 7#a7 ,humskatc9a1 ,corn ,fl[]2 7#b7 akatc9a1 ,long ,be>d2 7#c7 ,coyhimkatc9a1 ,all2 7#d7 ,hehakatc9a2 7#e7 ,siokatc9a1 ,zui2 7#f7 ,mlokatc9a4 ,! symbolic *>act]s ( ! diff]5t ,katc9as are be/ %[n 9 my article on 8,dolls ( ! ,tusayan ,indians40 ,! ,nimnkatc9a is likewise outl9$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 op4 cit41 & "s ( ^! abbreviat$ ,katc9as are accompanim5ts ( ! ,nimn4 #hh ,! p>ticipants ( c\rse frequ5t ! kiva to prep>e _! masks & co/ume = "o or m days previ\s to ! public dance1 & c]ta9 simple c]emonial objects1 z phos & nakwkwocis are made !re1 b 9 none ( ^? ,katc9as :i* are includ$ 9 ?is gr\p h ,i z yet obs]v$ any alt> or ! l4 ,! v "n 8abbreviat$0 elim9ates naturally ^! complex proce$+s & p>aph]nalia4 #hi ,op4 cit4 ,! spruce tree ( ! ,katc9as is commonly set up 9 ! plaza4 #ij ,dolls ( ! ,tusayan ,indians1 op4 cit4 #ia ,! food is br\ght to ea* by wives1 daught]s1 or o!r wom5 ( 8 h\sehold4 ,?is fea/ takes place 9 ! op5 air1 n z at ,zui 9 ! kivas4 #ib ,?is is ! only plaza l>ge en\gh = a long l9e ( danc]s1 & h5ce is ord9>ily us$4 #ic ,to ^! pray]s he alone responds 8,antcai10 "r4 #id ,! configuration ( ! mesa & ! fact t ! h\se walls rise almo/ cont9u\sly ) ! side ( ! cliff prev5t ! ,katc9as danc+ on ! diff]5t sides ( ! pueblo1 b 9 ,zui ! op5 spaces outside ! village1 9 addition to ! plaza 9 ! he>t ( ! pueblo1 are us$ = dances z ,i h else:]e describ$4 #ie ,see also ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #ff4 #if 8,adv5tures 9 ,zui10 ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 vol4 ,,xxv1 p4 #ejg et seq4 #ig ,sev]al c]emonials are d]iv$ f ,zui1 :ile o!rs are peculi> to ,tusayan4 ,! symbolism ( ! ,soclako & ! ,hopi ,clako is diff]5t4 ,no girls 7mnas7 7 repres5t$ 9 ! ,soclako4 #ih ,all ! wom5 & *ildr5 ( ?is family _h be5 mov$ to ! mesa a few days be=e4 #ii ,comp>e ! cr9ol9e hoops ( ! effigies ( ,pllkoh 7,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-lore1 ,octob]-,decemb]1 #ahic74 #ajj ,koyeama%e 7see ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,i74 #aja ,! association ( ,etoto ) ntiwa has already be5 describ$ 9 my acc\nt ( ! ,nimnkatc9a 7,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a74 #ajb ,explanation ( ! diagram3 a1 b1 c1 d & a1 b1 c d1 successive positions ( ! effigy be>]s on ! nor!rn & s\!rn sides ( ! plaza2 e1 ,etoto2 h1 ,hahawqti2 i1 ntiwa2 k1 ,koymise2 m1 accompany+ celebrants4 ,! figures a-d & a-d repres5t ! circles ( meal1 ) cross l9es1 ov] :i* ! effigy be>]s /& 9 ! c\rse ( ! c]emonials4 #ajc ,! g5]al "* ( ! ,wwac describ$ 9 my article 9 ! ,bullet9 ( ! ,essex ,in/itute1 :]e c]ta9 ( ! masks made use ( 9 x are figur$4 ,! ,rac+ ,katc9a p]=m$ at ?is "t 01 h[ev]1 mu* m complicat$1 & a description ( x w\ld be a digression f ! subject ( ?is article4 #ajd ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 #aje ,x 0 said t !re ought to h be5 six 7possibly "o = ea* c>d9al po9t7 ( ^!1 :o are call$ ,ciwata1 si/]s ( ! ,pawkkatc9as4 #ajf ,i h n be5 p]mitt$ to see ! unmask$ dance ( ! ,kko 9 ! ,zui kivas1 :]e x is common1 & 0 glad to supplem5t my obs]vations by ! same 9 "o ( ! ,tusayan kivas4 ,9 ! ,katc9as :i* ,i saw 9 #ahia at ,walpi !re 0 no dance 9 ! kivas4 #ajg ,! pipe 0 pass$ c]emonially aft] hav+ be5 lit ) a coal 7burn+ corncob7 br\ght by a woman f a h\se 9 ,sitcomovi4 ,9 mo/ c]emonials x is also prescrib$ t ! mak]s ( phos %all wa% _! heads be=e beg9n+ _! duties1 b ?is takes place 9 _! own dwell+s4 #ajh ,! fir/ ref]5ce :i* ,i h f\nd to ! use ( tobacco 9 ! c]emonial smoke by ! ,am]ican ,indians is by ,mon>des4 ,?is int]e/+ description ( tobacco & its uses1 accompani$ ) a figure ( ! plant1 is "o ( ! mo/ complete = its date 7#aeij7 :i* ,i h se54 #aji ntiwa is ,katc9a mwi1 *ief ( ! ,katc9as2 ,kpeli1 *ief ( ! ,snakes2 ,hyi1 h]$it>y ,snake-,antelope *ief2 ,wki1 *ief ( ! ,snake-,antelopes2 ,pauatwa1 *ief ( w>riors2 ,lsma1 ,be> *ief4 #aaj ,see ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 #aaa ,:5 ! inhabitants ( ano!r pueblo visit t 9 :i* a sacr$ dance is tak+ place1 x is cu/om>y = ! ho/s to ent]ta9 by sett+ be=e !m food1 & x is no uncommon ?+ to see visitors pass+ f h\se to h\se p>tak+ ( ! pkami 7mu%7 & o!r delicacies4 ,x is n unusual = ! headm5 ( "o pueblo to s5d (ficial ?anks to ! p ( ano!r = _! sacr$ dances & o!r ef=ts = ra94 ,9 a memoir on ! ,snake dance ,i m5tion an in/ance :]e ev5 ! di/ant ,havasupai ,indians br\ght (f]+s f _! home to ,walpi 7,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,iv74 #aab ,i ne$ n describe _! actions1 z ,i h already done s = o!r ,katc9a dances 7,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a47 #aac ,"o m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ,katc9a & ,kko1 or ,hopi & ,zui1 danc]s is t 9 ! latt] ! unmask$ dance occurs 9 ! kiva & ! fea/ is held 9 ! same place4 ,at ,tusayan ! fea/ is op51 & g5]ally !re is no unmask$ dance4 ,! fea/ 9 ! kiva at ,zui is possibly a second>y modification = effect+ secrecy4 #aad ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 #aae ,?is is only "t ,i h se5 ! ,dea? god p]sonifi$4 ,! ,paiakaam ru%$ up to me & dem&$ a knife1 & :5 ,i refus$ to give x1 n aw>e ( _! int5tion1 !y s\ght o!r ways to kill ! poor brute4 ,x 0 an exhibition ( extreme savag]y1 b ( c\rse ) no dang] to any ( ! spectators4 ,lat] 9 _! antics ! gluttons !mselves 7 lightly /ruck ) a cactus bran*1 & ! p]son :o p]=m$ ?is pa9ful act w5t f h\setop to h\setop t\*+ ! arm or neck ( e spectator--man1 woman1 & *ild4 ,dur+ ?is dance ^! ,tcukuwympkiyas p]=m$ ! disgu/+ act ( dr9k+ human ur9e4 ,mr ,cu%+1 9 ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 records ! slaught] ( a dog 9 a simil> mann]1 except t he says t 8 life 0 ?reat5$ be=e ! dog 0 kill$1 & x 0 by 8 defiant attitude t he 0 n seiz$ by ! p]=m]s4 #aaf ,! direction ( ! c]emonial circuit ( ! ,tewa is s9i/ral4 ,9 ?is in/ance x began at ! ea/4 ,i believe ?is is ! prescrib$ circuit ( all ! ,pueblos4 ,"s ( ! ,tewa h told me t 9 _! folktales _! p did n em]ge f ! same spap z ! ,hopi1 b f a spap to ! ea/4 ,al?\gh "s ( ! prie/s say t all p came f ! middle ( ! e>?1 f "o spap1 o!rs believe t ea* pueblo has its own ance/ral geographical op5+4 ,! idea has be5 localiz$ by environm5t1 z is s (t5 ! case ) modifi$ leg5ds4 #aag ,!re are c]ta9ly m evid5ces ( :ite man's influ5ces 9 dance p>aph]nalia 9 ,zui ?an at ,tusayan1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! use ( hats & calico %irts 9 dances1 ,am]ican *airs1 rifles1 etc1 etc4 #aah ,not)/&+ ?is /atem5t1 ,i h already po9t$ out simil>ities betwe5 bo? ^! wom5's celebrations & c]ta9 ,zui dances 7see ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 ,v1 p4 #bcf1 note74 #aai ,hw9a 7,zui1 w9ahe71 a k9d ( ?anksgiv+ dance1 is di/9ctly a ,zui dance & is s recogniz$ by ! ,hopi4 ,i h se5 photographs ( ! celebration at ,zui :i* be> su* a close resemblance to t call$ by ! ,hopi ! ,hw9a t 9 all probability ! two are id5tical4 ,! elaborate w> dances celebrat$ at ,zui & ! obs]vances ( ! ,prie/hood ( ! ,b[ at t pueblo are v mu* abbreviat$ 9 ,tusayan 7,ea/ mesa7 :]e ! organization has n ! same p[] z ) ! ,cibolans4 #abj ,cipaulovi1 or ! 8,place ( ,pea*es10 w\ld necess>ily h receiv$ its "n aft] ^? :o br\ght pea*es came among ! ,hopi4 ,x is kn[n t ,sitcomovi 0 a late colony ( ,asa p f ! ,rio ,gr&e1 unit$ ) o!rs f ,walpi1 :ile ,hano 0 f\nd$ ab\t #agjj4 ,! ,cipaulovi p1 h[ev] celebrate ! ,flute c]emony1 & ! ,flute p came to ,tusayan %ortly aft] ! ,snake4 ,x w\ld ?us appe> t we h a date to det]m9e t ! ,flute p came to ,tusayan aft] ,v>gas 7#afib74 ,morfi1 9 #aghb1 says t ! p ( ,xipaulovi 7,cipaulovi7 came f ,xongopabi 7,cuopavi74 #aba ,i d n = a mom5t d\bt t ev5 :5 nom9ally ,*ri/ianiz$ ! succession ( ! *iefs 9 ! sev]al sac]dotal societies has n be5 brok5 up to our "t4 #abb ,coco 9 ,spani% signifies a bogy4 ,9 comp\nds x c be detect$ 9 ,cocom>icopa1 :]e x may mean fool1 possibly ref]r+ to ! inf]iority ( ?is /em4 ,! d]ivation ( ,kko or ,kk is n kn[n to me4 ,! ^w ,katc9a has ! advantage ( ,kko or ,kk z a g5]al designation4 #abc ,t is1 ! la/ ,katc9a be=e _! dep>ture 9 ,cibola1 z 9 ,tusayan4 ,9 ,walpi x is n an autumn dance1 b occurs at ab\t ! same "t t ,i witness$ x at ,zui1 ne> ! end ( ,july 7see ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #a74 #abd ,x is recomm5d$ t 9 illu/rat+ ,zui masks a full face view be giv51 = 9 t way ! symbolism is mu* bett] express$ ?an by pr(ile views4 #abe ,pooatwa is consid]$ by ,mrs ,/ev5son ! 8,sun ,fa!r40 ,i h n gone f> en\gh 9 my /udies to accept ?is relation%ip = ,patiwa4 ,!re are "s reasons = consid]+ ,patiwa ! ,mi/ ,fa!r1 :i* speculation has l$ me to int]pret ! ,slmobias z ,patiwa =ms ( ! ra9-cl\ds ( ! six _w-qu>t]s1 b su* an op9ion is highly !oretical4 #abf ,! t]rac$ elevations are common on ! ,zui nkwipis & h&l$ pray]-meal b[ls1 z c be se5 9 any l>ge collection ( ,zui c]amics2 b ! semicircul> ra9-cl\d figures are v r>e1 inde$ want+1 9 all ,i h se54 ,! frog1 tadpole1 snake1 & simil> symbols appe>1 h[ev]1 to be pres5t 9 bo?4 ,! "q ( ! *>act]i/ic symbolism ( ,zui & ,hopi pott]y is a complicat$ "o1 :i* c n be consid]$ 9 ?is article1 b ! two types c readily be di/+ui%$ by a /ud5t ( ?is subject4 #abg ,x w\ld be a rem>kable fact if acc\nts ( ?is symbolism are n lat] describ$4 #abh ,memoirs ( ! ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 ,*icago1 #ahid1 p4 #cae4 #abi ,on page #cad %e m5tions six ,ah%iwanni z 8ra9 prie/s40 ,i am n able to def9itely decide f ! text :e!r ^! six are ! same z ! f\rte5 m5tion$ above4 ,x is n cle> to me 9 :i* gr\p ,mrs ,/ev5son places ! 8,mud-heads0 & 8,gluttons10 well describ$ by ,t5 ,broeck 9 #aheb f ,tusayan1 & lat] by h]self & ,cu%+ f ,zui1 & by o!r writ]s f ! ,rio ,gr&e pueblos4 #acj ,if ^! /atem5ts are true "o sees t !y tell 9 favor ( ! !ory :i* ! ritual emphasiz$1 & t :ile 9 a g5]al way !re is a simil>ity betwe5 ! c]emonial sy/em ( ! two p1 x is absurd to say t 8:at is writt5 ( "o is true also ( ! o!r40 ,long ago _! sy/ems may h be5 id5tical2 at pres5t !y h m or less diff]5tiat$ "o f ! o!r4 ,9 ,zui1 accord+ to ,mrs ,/ev5son1 8at ! w9t] & summ] sol/ices syn*ronal meet+s ( mo/ ( ^! societies are held1 & also at o!r times40 ,aft] hav+ c>efully /udi$ ! c]emonials at ! "t ( ! summ] sol/ice at ,tusayan1 ,i h n f\nd any syn*ronal meet+s ( ! societies :i* correspond ) ^? m5tion$ z occurr+ at ,zui at t "t4 #aca ,x is desirable t ! names ( ! prie/s :o (ficiate 9 c]emonials be giv5 9 ext5d$ acc\nts ( !m 9 ord] t ! intimate "* ( ?is sac]dotal organization may be made out4 ,until ! names ( ! memb]s ( ! diff]5t societies are complete we are m or less hamp]$ 9 our /udies4 ,! ,zui equival5t ( wympkia appe>s to be kyalikwe 7,tcihkyalikwe1 ,snake prie/s f tcihtola1 snake1 & kyalikwe1 wympkia74 ,i am unable to tell to :at prie/s 9 ,tusayan ! 8,ah%iwanni0 correspond4 ,! ,tawa 7,sun7 wympkia or ,sun prie/s h c]ta9 po9ts 9 common ) !m1 b ?is is z truly an esot]ic society z any 9 ,tusayan4 ,i h else:]e describ$ ! ,tewa c]emony 9 :i* ! ,sun prie/s make ! phos & _! *ief1 ,klacai1 appeals directly to ! ris+ sun4 ,9 t same c]emony phos are likewise made to ! ,ra9 gods directly4 ,9 ! ,katc9a celebrations "s ( ! same ,sun prie/s1 h[ev]1 appeal to ! lead] ( ! ,katc9as to br+ !m ra91 & ?is p]sonage replies t he w4 ,9 ?is case1 suppos+1 z ,i ?9k we ju/ly c1 t ! ,katc9as are int]cessors betwe5 m5 & gods ( highe/ rank1 we h 9 ,tusayan ! possible equival5t ( ! 8,ah%iwanni 7ra9 prie/s70 intru/+ _! pray]s to a zoomorphic & an?ropomorphic sup]natural p]sonage4 ,! pray] ( a s+le *ief = ra9 = ! p1 %[+ some?+ simil> to ! s-call$ ,ah%iwanni at ,zui1 are n uncommon 9 ,tusayan4 ,9 ,tusayan an organization ( ra9 prie/s is n diff]5tiat$ at ! pres5t day f ! o!r societies4 ,all hold]s ( wmis are ,ra9 prie/s1 z well z ! organization call$ ! ,sun prie/s1 & all at times make special pray]s to ! ,ra9 gods4 #acb ,op4 cit41 p4 #cad4 ,i believe _m facts might be m>%al$ to prove t ance/or wor%ip is a mo/ vital "p ( ! ,tusayan religi\s sy/em4 #acc ,see 8,! ,graff collection ( ,greek portraits10 ,new ,engl& ,magaz9e1 ,janu>y1 #ahid4 ,mr ,j4 ,g4 ,frazi] 7,j\r4 ,an?4 ,in/4 ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 vol4 ,,xv1 p4 #gc7 f comp>ative /udies ( burial cu/oms sugge/s t ! habit ( mask+ ! dead is 8to keep ! way to ! grave a secret f ! dead man40 ,?is explanation seems to me mu* m labor$ ?an t giv5 above4 #acd ,hahawqti4 ,i h else:]e %[n reasons to suspect t sev]al p]sonages may be ! same 8,e>? goddess40 ,kkyanwqti1 ! ,spid] woman1 is also an 8,e>? goddess40 ,z ev]y?+1 ev5 man himself1 came f ! womb ( ! e>?1 symboliz$ by ! spid]1 x is n surpris+ t an ,indian %\ld call ! spid] ! creator4 ,x is a v diff]5t ?+1 h[ev]1 to int]pret su* in=mation by our philosophic ideas4 ,t ! primitive %\ld consid] ! e>? z ! "m ( ev]y?+1 its creator 9 "o s5se1 is natural2 t ! ,pueblo ,indian %\ld symbolize t "m by ! ,spid] woman is probable1 = o!r races h done likewise2 b t he associates ) "m e>? ! spiritual idea :i* we h ( ! ,creator is absurd4 ,8 cosmogony be>s no evid5ce t he rose1 9 pre-,columbian times1 to ! belief 9 a ,great ,_s :o creat$ ! univ]se4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 - ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 - ,blank pages h be5 remov$4 - ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4