,transcrib]'s ,note ,italic text display$ z3 italic ,illu/ration3 ,portrait ( a man ,,! ,,und]tak]s' ,,manual3 ,a ,,treatise ,,( ,,useful ,,& ,,reliable ,,in=mation2 ,,embrac+ ,,complete ,,& ,,detail$ ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,! ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,bodies4 ,,also1 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,approv$ ,,embalm+ ,,me?ods2 ,,) ,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,pr(ession ,,( ,,und]tak+4 ,,by ,,augu/e ,,r5\>d4 ,,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,nirdl+] ,,co41 ,,publi%]s4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahgh1 by ,,augu/e ,,r5\>d1 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,introduction1 iii ,to ! ,pr(ession1 vii ,und]tak+ z a ,pr(ession1 #e ,embalm+1 #ab ,! ,laboratory1 #ag ,drugs & ,*emicals1 #ba ,po/ ,mortem ,exam9ations1 #cj ,pres]vation ( ,bodies1 #cf ,/ate ( ,body aft] ,dea?1 #da ,dea? f ,poison+1 #dd ,embalm+ ,bodies1 #di ,! ,art]ial ,sy/em1 #ef ,animal ,matt]1 #fd ,?rombosis & ,embolism1 #gj ,process ( ,embalm+1 #gf ,explanation ( ,t]ms1 #ia ,( ,animal ,*emi/ry--,section "o1 #if 0 0 ,section two1 #aae ,gannal's ,process ( ,embalm+1 #abc ,embalm+ by ,mac]ation1 #abh ,laws ( ,heal?1 #acj ,embalm+ ,process ( ,wor? & ,dur&1 #adb ,miscellane\s ,duties1 #adf ,rapid ,decay ( ! ,human ,/ructure1 #aeg ,practices :i* mu/ be ,aboli%$1 #afi ,managem5t ( an ,und]tak+ ,e/abli%m5t1 #age ,modifications 9 ,embalm+ ,bodies1 #ahb ,*lor9e3 its ,prop]ties & ,uses1 #ahf ,in/rum5ts1 #aia ,gase\s ,comp\nds1 #aig ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,circulat+ ,app>atus1 #bjj ,gloss>y & ,index1 #bji ,,introduction4 ,! au?or ( ?is book has labor$ dilig5tly1 &1 z ,i ?9k1 ) rem>kable success1 to occupy an orig9al & unique field 9 ,am]ican lit]ature4 ,hi!rto1 a complete treatise on ! important pr(ession ( ,und]tak+ has be5 unkn[n4 ,9 fact1 until ! e/abli%m5t ( 8,,! ,,casket0 7to :i* ,mr4 ,,r5\>d has be5 a regul> contributor f ! beg9n+71 !re nev] _h be5 publi%$ any?+ conc]n+ ! duties & am5ities ( ! und]tak]4 ,!re seem$ to be a vague notion t !re 0 no?+ to write ab\t1 & s ( c\rse no?+ _h be5 writt5 calculat$ to raise ! pr(ession to its prop] dignity1 & at ! same "t put x 9 ! light 9 :i* a correct e/imate ( x c\ld be obta9$ by ! public4 ,to be sure1 !re _h be51 & occasionally cont9ues to be1 diatribes 9 ! secul> & religi\s press on ! 8pomp10 8extravagances10 8oppression10 etc41 etc41 ( fun]als1 & pl5tiful rhetoric1 c\*$ 9 burlesque1 sne] & satire1 on ! me?ods ( ! und]tak]2 b a volume ( s\nd s5se1 practical advice & valuable in=mation = e "o connect$ ) ! bus9ess nev] appe>$ important en\gh to comm& ! s]i\s ?\ght & ardu\s labor ( =mulat+ into a ,manual4 ,?is "w1 h[ev]1 has at la/ be5 accompli%$ by "o ( _! numb]2 a g5tleman :o1 by education1 indu/ry & ta/e1 is fully qualifi$ = s important an und]tak+4 ,h[ successfully1 ! foll[+ pages amply te/ify4 ,to occupy a great deal ( space ) complete in/ructions = ! pres]vation ( dead bodies 0 absolutely necess>y1 = )\t su* in/ructions ! book w\ld fail ( its mission & be absolutely valueless4 ,to imp>t ?is important in=mation1 requir$ ! au?or to devote page aft] page to expla9+ ,physiological ,*emi/ry & ,anatomy to ! pr(\nd /udy ( :i* he has devot$ ! be/ ye>s ( 8 active life4 ,! m closely ^! pages are /udi$1 ! m satisfactory w be ! k glean$ by ! /ud5t4 ,let no "o1 h[ev]1 say t ^! *apt]s are burd5$ ) unnecess>y te*nical t]ms1 = no sci5tific in=mation c be imp>t$ )\t employ+ ! words & phrases :i* long usage by sci5ti/s has sanction$4 ,& if any individual supposes he c ma/] ! details )\t labori\s /udy1 & )\t comm5c+ ) ! rudim5t>y pr9ciples1 he may z well /op be=e beg9n+1 = he w sp5d 8 "t 9 va9 & 8 /r5g? = naught4 ,! /udy ( ! facts h]e9 inculcat$ w1 h[ev]1 become1 z ! /udy ( any important subject becomes to ! e>ne/ /ud5t1 n only int]e/+1 b really fasc9at+4 ,i !re=e take especial pleasure 9 comm5d+ ?is ,manual to all und]tak]s & _! assi/ants1 be+ fully p]suad$ t x w mat]ially assi/ !m 9 becom+ m pr(ici5t 9 _! pr(ession4 ,& z ! ye>s roll on1 ,i am q confid5t t ! atta9m5t ( m accurate k w be dem&$1 & m exact+ duties requir$1 ( ! und]tak]2 h5ce1 he :o acquires ! valuable in=mation :i* ?is book imp>ts w be ! successful und]tak] ( ! future4 ,,?omas ,,gliddon4 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 ,june #a1 #ahgh4 ,,to ,,! ,,pr(ession4 ,9 pres5t+ ?is book to ! ,am]ican und]tak]s1 ! object is to in/ruct1 z well z to create int]e/ 9 ! pr(ession1 by develop+ sci5tific facts :i* are necess>y to promote ! avocation ( an und]tak] to ! rank :i* x des]v$ly ought to occupy4 ,! sev]al *apt]s1 :i* may at fir/ sight seem dry & sup]flu\s1 are nev]!less ess5tial to a cle> & ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! sev]al processes ( embalm+ giv5 9 ?is book4 ,_h ^! seem+ly arid diss]tations be5 left out altoge!r1 ! "w ( embalm+ & ( pres]v+ bodies w\ld h prov$ a sore puzzle to _m2 & x 0 f\nd necess>y to elucidate ! modus op]&i ( ea* process1 by giv+ reasons = ! use ( ! *emicals1 _! mode ( action1 & ! results to be expect$ by a c>eful & discrim9ate use ( !m4 ,! names ( ! *emicals & ! quantity to be us$ 0 n f\nd suffici5t 9 in/ruct+ und]tak]s2 b1 to satisfy ! inve/igat+ prop5sities ( all1 & to make e "o ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ! means employ$1 ! nature & prop]ties ( ! diff]5t *emicals us$ h be5 expla9$ at l5g?4 ,z to ! *apt]s devot$ to anatomy1 ! art]ial circulation & ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! human /ructure1 !y w be f\nd indisp5sable 9 ?is "w1 &1 :5 ?or\ghly und]/ood1 w be f\nd to greatly facilitate ! "w ( ! op]ator4 ,h[ c ! embalm] f9d ! po9t ( injection1 or g on ) 8 "w1 if he be totally ignorant ( ! places ( ! diff]5t organs1 ! c\rses ( ! ve9s & art]ies1 _! relations & relative positions8 ,x is1 !n1 an und5iable fact1 t )\t ?is k ! embalm] w accompli% 8 task m or less well1 & )\t kn[+ ) any degree ( c]ta9ty if ! process ( inject+ is complete1 or if ! p>ts int5d$ to be inject$ h be5 rea*$ by ! fluid4 ,closely alli$ to ?is are ! conditions ( ! body aft] dea?1 z gov]n$ by circum/ances :i* may affect x1 & !reby modify ! treatm5t !re(--admitt+ t diff]5t modes ( treatm5t are requir$ by diff]5t cases4 ,h[1 !n1 is ! und]tak] to discrim9ate1 if he be n w>n$ be=eh&1 or if 8 k does n tea* him :at c\rse is ! be/ to foll[8 ,& h[ is ?is k to be ga9$1 if he has n made x a po9t to /udy at lea/ t "p ( ! human organism ) :i* he may h to deal8 ,z ! diff]5t processes giv5 9 ?is book = ! pres]v+ & embalm+ ( bodies are f\nd$ ^u practical exp]im5ts1 bas$ ^u purely sci5tific pr9ciples1 x becomes1 !n1 necess>y t ^! pr9ciples be fully expla9$1 s z ?r[ suffici5t light on po9ts :i* might o!rwise rema9 obscure4 ,:at has be5 said ab\t anatomy applies equally well to ! /udy ( animal *emi/ry4 ,! con/itu5ts ( ! human body1 fluid & solid1 h all m or less diff]5t prop]ties1 z also _! composition v>ies to a great ext5t4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a po9t ( mat]ial importance = und]tak]s to "k & und]/& _! =mation1 ! causes :i* may accel]ate _! decay or putrefaction1 & also ! means :i* may be employ$ to ! be/ advantage to c\nt]act _! t5d5cy to dis9tegration4 ,all ! po9ts above m5tion$ be+ und]/ood1 x foll[s !refrom t ! k ?us imp>t$ w prove ( great utility to ! pr(ession1 al?\gh x may appe> at fir/ sight an unw>rantable wa/e ( "t & a mass ( te*nicalities4 ,x may also be useful to repeat "h c]ta9 injunctions z to ! dang]s to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! h&l+ ( ! dead1 & also ( ! prop] c>e to be ex]cis$ by und]tak]s 9 avoid+ to ru% he$lessly into dang] & aggravate ! p]ils ( _! call+4 ,! public at l>ge h b a v imp]fect idea ( ! dang]\s1 & ev51 9 "s cases1 repulsive1 "* ( our pr(ession4 ,! und]tak]1 & ! p]ils att5d+ 9 _m in/ances ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties1 z a g5]al ?+1 are v seldom ?\ght ( by ^? outside ( ! pr(ession4 ,to a great _m ! bus9ess ( ! und]tak] has some?+ dreadful & appall+ ab\t x2 & )\t v well und]/&+ !mselves ! nature ( ! feel+1 x is always associat$ ) ! horrible4 ,?is impression1 :i* seems to h gr[n 9 ! m9ds ( ! majority1 is altoge!r an errone\s "o1 :i* ought to be eradicat$ f public s5tim5t4 ,und]tak]s1 z a class1 are m5 useful to society2 _! call+1 f> f be+ horrible & loa?some1 z ! ignorant & %all[ m9d$ are pleas$ to call x1 is "o :i* requires a great deal ( self-d5ial1 & :i* (t5 br+s to ! surface ! f9e/ traits ( human nature4 ,grant$ t our pr(ession is "o fraught ) dang]s1 x becomes incumb5t ^u pr(essionals to protect !mselves aga9/ !m by all ! means t k1 exp]i5ce & sci5ce may sugge/4 ,"o great mi/ake1 & "o :i* has be5 repeat$ too (t51 is ! false security "s may place 9 ! use ( /rong liquors to combat & r5d] void ! deadly effects ( contagion4 ,?is has be5 a /umbl+ block to _m2 & )\t incurr+ ! accusation ( be+ a fanatic 9 reg>d to temp]ance1 we may safely ass]t t a great _m ( our pr(essionals h fall5 victims to ! effects ( alcohol1 :i*1 be+ us$ at fir/ z a sort ( m$ical prev5tive1 soon assumes full sway ov] ! m9d1 & baffles _! be/ ef=ts to resi/ x4 ,if we are to look any:]e = a prev5tive ( contagion & infection1 we mu/ look to ! directions & rem$ies :i* m$ical sci5ce holds 9 /ore2 & also to ! undisputable fact1 t 9 ! caution us$ & ! c>e ex]cis$ 9 h&l+ bodies1 assi/$ by a discrim9ate judgm5t1 lies our be/ pl$ge ( safety4 ,z x has be5 rem>k$ be=e1 ! diff]5t modes ( pres]v+ & embalm+ bodies giv5 9 ?is book are n m]e speculations z to probabilities1 nor are !y simply m]e recipes pick$ up at r&om2 b !y are ! results ( long practice & successful exp]im5ts1 :i* h demon/rat$1 9 a mo/ satisfactory mann]1 t ! advantages claim$ = ^! same processes are well f\nd$ & wor?y ( cr$it4 ,! long *apt] on *emi/ry & physiology is1 !re=e1 n only ess5tial to ! full und]/&+ ( ! me?ods giv51 b x is also int5d$ z a pro( ( ! judici\s selection ( ! *emicals t are employ$ 9 ! op]ation ( embalm+1 z also ( ! sy/em ^u :i* ?is op]ation is bas$4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t all ! kn[n modes ( embalm+ & pres]v+ bodies are to be f\nd 9 ?is book1 nor 0 x ev] int5d$ to h x s2 only ^? t are kn[n to be reliable1 & :i* h be5 f\nd to give entire satisfaction1 h be5 elucidat$4 ,!re are o!r me?ods1 :i* are also said to be good2 b1 until !y are f\nd by actual & practical exp]im5t to be wor?y ! m]its claim$ = !m1 !y %all n be made public4 ,h[ev]1 %\ld !y prove to be equal1 if n sup]ior1 9 "o way or ano!r1 to ! me?ods h]e9 illu/rat$1 we w br+ !m out 9 ! c\rse ( "t to ! notice ( ! pr(ession4 ,,und]tak]s ,,& ,,_! ,,assi/ants4 ,among ! _m ?+s important to und]tak]s to be> 9 m9d is ! discretion t mu/ necess>ily be employ$ 9 ! *oice ( _! help & assi/ants4 ,to a great numb] ?is caution w seem trivial & p]haps sup]flu\s2 b we hope ^? :o may ?9k s w *ange _! op9ion aft] read+ att5tively ! foll[+4 ,we h /at$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is "w t e man _c be an und]tak]2 x is equally true1 also1 t e man _c fill ) cr$it & satisfactorily ! position ( assi/ant to an und]tak]4 ,z a good1 effici5t assi/ant c1 to a great ext5t1 enhance ! repute & promote ! int]e/s ( 8 employ]1 s x is t a c>eless1 inatt5tive1 self-conceit$ man may & w cause h>m 9 ! same ratio4 ,a fir/-class assi/ant %\ld consid] ! int]e/s ( 8 employ] z closely 8 own z ?\gh !y 7 s 9 fact1 & p]=m 8 duties outside ! /ore ) z mu* promptitude1 ?or\ghness & correctness ( deportm5t z if he 7 "u ! imm$iate sup]vision ( 8 employ]4 ,a slov5ly appe>ance 9 public %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/2 & a man :o does n c>e = 8 p]sonal appe>ance seldom possesses mu* reg>d = any?+ else2 moreov]1 x is n b5eficial to ! e/abli%m5t ) :i* he may be connect$4 ,tru/wor?9ess is also to be look$ aft] 9 su* p>ties1 n only s f> z imm$iate hone/y is conc]n$1 b also 9 ! punctual dis*>ge ( 8 duties4 ,! pr(ession ( an und]tak] is conf9+ & exceptional 9 its nature1 & requires con/ant att5tion4 ,pleasure & amusem5ts are a second>y consid]ation2 & any man accu/om$ to self-indulg5ce 9 ! above to any ext5t %\ld scrupul\sly keep out ( ! bus9ess1 & select "s o!r means ( livelihood m cong5ial to 8 ta/es4 ,z an assi/ant may be call$ ^u to ex]cise 8 functions at any h\r ( ! day or night1 he mu/ be ready1 & con/antly s1 to answ] any call made ^u 8 s]vices4 ,an assi/ant %\ld also enjoy s\nd heal? & a /rong con/itution1 z ! /ra9 ^u 8 physical p[]s may be plac$ to a sev]e te/ at times4 ,he %\ld be a man ( "s social /&+1 & be a ?or\gh ma/] ( 8 pr(ession1 z he may at times be call$ ^u to (ficiate in/ead ( 8 employ]1 & any %[ ( ignorance or neglect on 8 "p w n only be a /igma ^u himself1 b w also reflect discr$it ^u ! "n ( ! p>ty :om he may be s]v+4 ,an ill-mann]$1 boori% assi/ant is a plague to any e/abli%m5t2 s is also ! self-conceit$1 foppi%1 ignorant "o4 ,! fir/ is liable to give (f5ce by ! rud5ess ( 8 spee* & mann]s2 ! la/ w surely ali5ate ! good w ( patrons by 8 ov]be>+ demeanor & %all[ pret5sions to a k :i* he does n really possess4 ,a good assi/ant %\ld "k all t p]ta9s to 8 bus9ess1 n 9 sup]ficial & light mann]1 b 9 ?or\gh1 complete fa%ion4 ,he mu/ be able to n only l9e a casket1 b manufacture 8 own l9+ if necess>y2 to take *>ge ( all ! details ( a fun]al2 assi/ physicians 9 a po/ mortem exam9ation1 if requir$ s to d2 or prop]ly embalm a corpse4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x mu/ be conc$$ t su* a man z ,i h describ$ is a valuable "o = an assi/ant1 & ought to receive a g5]\s remun]ation1 & also be made to feel t he is appreciat$4 ,,conclusion4 ,my ef=t 9 ?is little volume has be5 to (f] to my pr(essional bre?r5 ! means employ$ by ! mo/ em95t *emi/s1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 to pres]ve bodies1 & ! me?ods giv5 are ! be/ kn[n to mod]n sci5ce4 ,i h also tri$ to make !m feel aw>e ( ! necessity ( k1 & %all feel happy if by s do+ ,i h help$ to raise our pr(ession to ! /&>d x really des]ves4 ,,und]tak+4 ,x may n be amiss at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is "w1 to say a few words ab\t ! pr(ession ( an und]tak]1 & und]tak]s z a class4 ,among ! _m :o h *os5 ,,und]tak+ ,,z ,a ,,pr(ession1 & c>ri$ on ! bus9ess = ye>s1 !re exi/s a c]ta9 class :o1 al?\gh pecuni>ily successful1 d n h a v cle> idea ( ! requisite qualities indisp5sable to ! g5]al make up ( a fir/-class pr(essional4 ,o!rs seem to ignore ! multitud9\s duties1 ! p]=mance ( :i* w br+ ei!r cr$it1 or blame1 to !mselves1 accord+ to ! degree ( tact or skill exhibit$ 9 ! dis*>ge !re(4 ,a great _m h gone into ! bus9ess simply because x is repres5t$ to !m z a money mak+ pr(ession2 o!rs1 because _! fa!rs be+ und]tak]s h ?\ght prop] to tra9 !m to x1 al?\gh _! m]cantile ideas may run 9 ano!r direction4 ,& aga91 "s )\t capital w try & battle aga9/ competition1 m]ely to make a liv+2 b above all1 !re is t class ( m5 :o1 entirely ignorant ( ! rudim5t>y k ( ! bus9ess1 hav+ means1 & reg>dless ( ! qualifications necess>y to insure success1 plunge "r into x ) ! idea t x is a safe inve/m5t = surplus funds1 a g5teel employm5t1 & "o :i*1 accord+ to _! notions1 does n require any extraord9>y am\nt ( bra9s or labor4 ,is x !n a matt] ( a/oni%m5t if s _m ( our und]tak]s fail1 or f9d !mselves unable to cope ) "s m favor$ rival8 ,to !m x is a s\rce ( wond]1 b to a discrim9at+ public ! cause is soon app>5t4 ,x is safe to ass]t t e "o _c be an und]tak]2 9 ?is pr(ession1 a man is m ?an 9 any o!r ! ar*itect ( 8 own =tune2 8 success dep5ds altoge!r ^u 8 tact1 skill1 discrim9ation & untir+ ef=ts to please ^? :o may honor him ) _! tru/4 ,no small matt] is x = an und]tak] to p]=m 8 solemn duties ) cr$it to himself & to ! satisfaction ( all pres5t2 sorr[ has n s blunt$ all o!r feel+s 9 relations & fri5ds z to make !m relax _! lynx ey$ vigilance ( e motion ( ! und]tak] :ile p]=m+ ! delicate duties ( 8 avocation4 ,he mu/ be end[$ ) ! s(t t\* ( a woman 9 ! h&l+ ( ! de> rema9s2 8 "w mu/ be p]=m$ 9 sil5ce1 ) s(t tread & exp$ition2 8 pres5ce 9 ! h\se is a con/ant rem9d] to all ( ! irrep>able loss :i* has b]eft ! family ( "o ( its memb]s4 ,he mu/ be quick ( p]ception & ready ( exp$i5ts1 z !re is (t5 no "t left = reflection4 ,to hesitate at times w\ld be tak5 = ignorance1 & prompt action is ! only means at h& to retrieve himself4 ,a cle> head & a cool judgm5t are among ! mo/ necess>y qualities4 ,urbane & affable 9 8 mann]s2 y\r fir/-class pr(essional is an accompli%$ g5tleman2 8 k ( ! _w & daily contact ) p ( all conditions all[ him to assimilate himself ) quiet dignity ) p]sons ( all rank 9 ! social scale ( life4 ,well dress$1 yet )\t o/5tation1 punctual 9 8 engagem5ts1 )\t ! flurry ( g5]al transactions1 he w treat 8 m weal?y cu/om]s ) def]5tial polit5ess )\t cr++1 z also w he br+ 9 8 deal+s ) 8 m mode/ patrons none ( ! hauteur *>act]i/ic ( a n>r[ m9d & a lack ( education4 ,p]fect equanimity ( temp] is a transc5d5t virtue 9 an und]tak]4 ,mi/akes & delays w happ5 9 spite ( ! mo/ c>eful prep>ations & ! be/ laid plans2 accid5ts1 un=ese5 & un?\ght (1 w occur sudd5ly2 x is !n t a cle> head$ man w f9d "s prompt means to rem$y all be=e any "o ( ^? pres5t has tak5 notice ( any?+ amiss4 ,good ta/e is also em95tly "o ( ! requisite attributes to be display$ 9 ! easy1 in=mal lay+ out ( ! rema9s1 ! attitude ( repose devoid ( ! conv5tional rigidity ( limbs2 9 ! *a/e trimm+s ( ! casket1 ri* ) elegance1 b )\t ov]load+ ) useless ornam5ts4 ,h[ _m s-call$ und]tak]s w calculate ! beauty ( a casket by ! accumulation ( silv] ornam5ts promiscu\sly scatt]$ on ! top & sides2 to su* ! pr(usion ( fla%y trimm+s is ! /&>d ( elegance4 ,! floral decorations ei!r 9 ! h\se or ! *ur* mu/ also be 9 accordance ) ! _s ( ! sc5e4 ,good ta/e w likewise dictate to ! und]tak] t any attempt at a la*rymose or woe begone ca/ ( c\nt5ance on 8 "p1 w n be reg>d$ by 8 patrons z a crit]ion ( 8 sympa?ies = ! b]eav$ family1 b r z a hypocritical mask assum$ = ! occasion4 ,a decor\s1 quiet be>+ is by f> bett] appreciat$ by fri5ds & m\rn]s4 ,! ma/] head ( a really good und]tak] w %[ itself 9 e small detail & appo9tm5t ( a fun]al pageant2 ! c>riages w quietly =m )\t confusion1 & ei!r receive or deliv] _! occupants )\t ord]s be+ vocif]\sly %\t$ f "o end to ! o!r ( ! l9e2 ev]y?+ w "w )\t blu/] or any noise :i* may grate h>%ly ^u ! e>s ( sorr[ /rick5 fri5ds or p>5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 h[ is x ) "o :o is n a pr(ici5t8 ,8 adv5t into ! h\se ( m\rn+ is h]ald$ by unusual blu/]1 & ! (t5 contradictory ord]s giv5 to an assi/ant4 ,que/ions )\t numb] are ask$ f fri5ds ( ! family or ^? pres5t1 ab\t ! "t ( ! fun]al1 numb] ( c>riages requir$1 etc41 inquiries :i* are altoge!r out ( place at ! "t1 & ought to be po/pon$ until ^? hav+ *>ge ( ! arrangem5ts w make ! wi%es ( ! family kn[n to ! und]tak]1 at 8 (fice or place ( bus9ess4 ,n]v\sness is manife/ ) "s z soon z !y comm5ce h&l+ a corpse1 & is app>5t ?r\gh all ! details ( a fun]al4 ,let any incid5t take place & ev]y?+ is imm$iately ?r[n into hopeless confusion1 z ! und]tak] himself feels m at fault ?an any "o else4 ,) o!rs1 aga91 a fun]al is made a public display ( _! p]sonal au?ority2 x is to !m an occasion to conspicu\sly %[ 9 an o/5tati\s mann] t ! job is !irs2 ! managem5t ( x 9 _! h&s2 !y int5d to run x accord+ to _! notions1 ) ! utmo/ disreg>d ( anyone else's wi%es 9 ! matt]4 ,! und]tak] is1 h[ev]1 b a public s]vant2 a well-br$ man w n try to co]ce p into foll[+ 8 own ideas 9 reg>d to c]ta9 matt]s & utt]ly disreg>d _! views ( ! same4 ,a direct conflict ) ! m\rn]s 9 reg>d to "s po9t ( fun]al etiquette w n place ! und]tak] 9 a v enviable position1 :]eas a s5sible sugge/ion1 def]5tially (f]$ to _! bett] judgm5t1 w w9 a ready ass5t & e/abli% 8 reputation z a man ?or\ghly po/$ & well qualifi$ = ! bus9ess4 ,%\ld ! po9t be insi/$ ^u by ! family1 & al?\gh x may be1 9 ! und]tak]'s op9ion1 a brea* ( e/abli%$ rules or cu/oms1 x is 8 duty to quietly submit & !reby %[ 8 moral s5se ( ! solemnity ( ! occasion1 :i* is ill-tim$ = a controv]sy ( any k9d4 ,"s und]tak]s h be5 kn[n to extol ! *eapness ( _! w>es 9 ! h\se ( m\rn+1 draw+ aside "s ( ^? pres5t & /at+ confid5tially t su* a casket nev] 0 sold s l[1 & 7 x n = ! p>ticul> reg>d !y ent]ta9 = ! family1 ! regul> price w\ld h be5 *>g$4 ,?is mode ( philan?ropic adv]tis+ has seldom br\ght any trade to ! "o t _h resort$ to x4 ,! be/ adv]tis+ m$ium = an und]tak] consi/s 9 ! mann] 8 bus9ess is c>ri$ on1 9 ! /yle & appo9tm5ts ( 8 liv]y1 & above all 9 8 own deportm5t 9 public1 ! integrity ( 8 "*1 & 8 punctuality 9 meet+ 8 bus9ess engagem5ts4 ,z ! ass]tion 0 made at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] t e man _c be an und]tak]1 ! above enum]at$ qualities requisite to ! make up ( a fir/-class pr(essional w prove conclusively t su* is ! case4 ,be=e fully ent]+ ^u ! text =m+ ! subject ( ?is book1 ,i h ?\ght x advisable z an introduction1 to /imulate ! zeal ( und]tak]s 9 self-improvem5t by illu/rat+1 9 brief outl9es1 ! necess>y qualities ( a popul> sexton & expos+ p] contra ! faults o!rs are guilty (4 ,let n !re=e1 ! read] accuse me ( sev]e criticism1 = my aim has be5 only to try & elevate our pr(ession above its common /&>d4 ,t ! duties ( an und]tak] require a l>g] quota ( delicacy1 tact1 & k ( human nature ?an g5]ally falls to ! lot ( mo/ m51 no "o w d5y2 b x is also a well kn[n fact t1 unless he be ! busie/ pr(essional 9 "o ( ! l>ge/ cities1 an und]tak] has ample "t = ,,self-,,improvem5t & ,,culture4 ,x is high "t ! bus9ess ( und]tak+ be truly1 & really1 rais$ to ! rank ( a pr(ession2 let e und]tak] be conv9c$ t 8 call+ is a solemn & responsible "o1 & our ranks w soon be free f ! few int]lop]s :o1 s f>1 h imp$$ our progress t[>d a j recognition f ! public = a class ( m5 ^: s]vices are (t5 v little %ort ( self-sacrifice4 ,! physician has an (fice ( great responsibility ?ru/ ^u him2 into 8 h&s we bl9dly confide ! lives ( relations & fri5ds1 hop+ & expect+ t 8 m$ical k1 8 exp]i5ce & skill1 may save ! exi/5ce ( "s "o de> to u4 ,& aft] sci5ce has be5 baffl$ & dea? claims 8 victim1 ! und]tak] is ! "o to :om we look to p]=m ! la/ sad duties4 ,to him we intru/ ! c>e ( ! belov$ rema9s1 rely+ entirely ^u 8 exp]i5ce & good judgm5t 9 su* matt]s1 to c>ry out 9 a mann] becom+ to ?is age ( *ri/ian feel+1 ! c]emonial ( sepulture ) ! def]5tial respect due to ! dead4 ,,embalm+4 ,x has be5 a cu/om among anci5t nations to pres]ve ! bodies ( ! dead = a long p]iod ( "t4 ,ev5 to ?is day we f9d traces ( x 9 ! mummies ( ,egypt & ! s>cophagi ( ,etruria4 ,_! me?od ( a*iev+ ?is result may n h be5 /rictly 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( mod]n sci5ce2 c]ta9ly _! success w\ld h>dly be satisfactory to ! m ref9$ ta/e ( our g5]ation4 ,/ill _! discov]ies 9 ?is art h be5 su* t !y h comm&$ ! respect ( mod]n savants4 ,!y also %[ conclusively t ! sci5ces ( *emi/ry & physiology1 ev5 at t remote p]iod1 _h atta9$ a c]ta9 degree ( prom95ce among _! sci5tific m54 ,_m ( _! discov]ies 7 no d\bt accid5tal1 /ill we mu/ give !m cr$it = ! _s ( inve/igation :i* actuat$ _! rese>*es1 & c>ri$ !m on undaunt$ ?r\gh ! _m disappo9tm5ts !y mu/ c]ta9ly h enc\nt]$ be=e !y satisfactorily solv$ ! problem4 ,! imag9ation is c>ri$ back to ! "t :5 ! my/]i\s wor%ip ( ,osiris & ,isis 0 fl\ri%+ on ! banks ( ! riv] ,nile1 :5 ! ,sph9x utt]$1 or 0 ?\ght to utt]1 ! sacr$ oracles ( ,?ormes1 & be=e ! pyramids _h entomb$ a long g5]ation ( k+s4 ,a great numb] ( p]sons _c rev]t to ! sci5ce ( embalm+ )\t plac+ x among ! lo/ arts2 to !m a mummy is ! contempor>y ( a my/]i\s pa/ dimly p]ceiv$ ?r\gh ! long vi/a ( succe$+ g5]ations2 a tangible pro( ( t mu* vaunt$ anci5t civilization1 :i* z !y express regretfully w nev] be f\nd aga94 ,a ?or\gh elim9ation ( ! subject w\ld conv9ce ^? unsophi/icat$ m\rn]s t ! loss is n q an irrep>able "o4 ,let u dive/ a mummy ( 8 bitum5-coat$ & fire-scor*$ b&ages2 we w !n h be=e u a mass ( black5$ & h>d5$ cem5t-l sub/ance1 %runk5 & emaciat$ to almo/ a skeleton1 & be>+ semblance to ! =m ( a human organism1 only s f> z ! %ape ( ! osse\s frame has reta9$ its symmetry4 ,! lips h %runk ap>t s f> z to expose ! r[ ( :ite tee?1 ! sockets ( ! eyes are empty1 ! *eek bones are prom95t1 ! :ole cov]$ ) pat*es ( ! d>k & almo/ petrifi$ epid]mis4 ,su* is ! picture a mummy pres5ts to our view :5 d5ud$ ( its envelope ,x is n to be wond]$ at1 !re=e1 if "s associate ?is repulsive image ) ! idea ( mod]n embalm+4 ,our pres5t object 9 prep>+ bodies is two-fold3 ,9 ! fir/ place we desire to keep p]fect = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t ! rema9s ( ^? :o h be5 de> to u :ile liv+2 b :5 desiccation has begun1 :5 ! r\ndness ( ! l9es loses itself into ! m angul> %r9kage ( ! tissues1 !n we may take1 & )\t any feel+ ( horror1 a la/ look at ! body1 & consign x1 n to sl[1 f\l corruption1 b to ! gradual dry+ ( ! organic sub/ances1 )\t ! horrible accessions ( decay & putrefaction4 ,9 view ( all ?is1 & ) ! help ( mod]n *emi/ry1 x is n s+ul> t ! art ( embalm+ %\ld h receiv$ a new impetus 9 ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 especially "h1 :]e x is cu/om>y to s5d back & ov] long di/ances ! bodies ( ^? t h di$ f> f home4 ,?is usage has already br\ght ab\t "s a/oni%+ results4 ,! l>ge majority ( our fir/-class und]tak]s h tak5 ! matt] 9 h&2 !y vie ) ea* o!r 9 try+ to p]fect !mselves 9 an art :i* is daily gr[+ into favor4 ,almo/ e day a new antiseptic is1 if n discov]$1 at lea/ br\ght to ex]cise its functions 9 ! pres]vation ( organic sub/ances4 ,( late1 new me?ods h be5 inaugurat$ on all sides1 & among ! numb] !re are c]ta9ly "s :i* are des]v+ all ! m]its claim$ = !m4 ,x behooves all pr(essionals to ex]t _! +5uity to br+ ?is sci5ce to a satisfactory issue4 ,_m ( ! prep>ations sold "u ! "n ( pres]v+ liquid are good2 o!rs are n4 ,h[ !n are und]tak]s to discrim9ate8 ,by :at means c ! m]its ( ! "o1 & ! utt] wor?lessness ( ! o!r1 be det]m9$8 ,!re is b "o way1 & t is an infallible "o1 ( f9d+ out ! be/ me?od & prep>ation1 & t is simply by exp]im5t+1 until ! real means1 :i* is ! only true "o1 has be5 hit ^u4 ,x may also be object$ to1 ) reason t a c]ta9 process has be5 kn[n to "w effectually 9 "s cases1 :]eas ! same me?od employ$ 9 a simil> mann] has prov$ a signal failure 9 ano!r in/ance4 ,to ?is b "o cause c be assign$1 & t is ! utt] ignorance on ! "p ( ! op]ator ( ! prop]ties1 antiseptic & o!rwise1 ( ! mat]ials he is employ+1 also ( ! diff]5t conditions1 :i* w accord+ to exi/+ circum/ances modify _! action & gov]n _! effect4 ,to use a c]ta9 prep>ation simply because x is highly recomm5d$ by "s1 )\t kn[+ ! con/itu5ts !re(1 is v little %ort ( foolh>d9ess4 ,h[ is x possible = ! op]ator to employ x ) discrim9ation & judgm5t8 ,%\ld he be successful1 well & good2 ! end w\ld be obta9$ )\t he be+ ! wis] = x4 ,%\ld x be o!rwise1 & ! result prove unsatisfactory1 h[ is he to acc\nt = ! failure1 & h[ to gu>d aga9/ a repetition ( ! same 9 ! future8 ,a good embalm]1 "o t really und]/&s 8 bus9ess1 does n h rec\rse to ready-made prep>ations = pres]v+ bodies2 b he *ooses ! *emicals accord+ to ! prop]ties ea* is kn[n to possess4 ,8 exp]i5ce ( _! relative actions tea* him be=eh& h[ !y w "w out ! result he anticipat$4 ,i d n mean t e und]tak] & embalm] %\ld be an ,orfila 9 reg>d to ,*emi/ry1 nor is x expect$ t 8 k ( ,anatomy %\ld enable him to fill ! *air ( demon/rator 9 a dissect+ room1 b to a*ieve real1 legitimate success1 an embalm] ought to possess a ?or\gh k ( ! drugs he is manipulat+1 _! individual effects1 s+ly & collectively1 & "u diff]5t circum/ances1 ^u subjects ( diff]5t natures4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( ! acqua9tance ) ! anatomy ( ! human body is n only requir$1 b /rictly necess>y2 a ga% ( ! knife ^u "s vessel ( ! art]ial sy/em might jeop>dize ! success ( an o!rwise satisfactory op]ation4 ,x is ?is rudim5t>y k ( ,physiological ,*emi/ry & ,anatomy we %all endeavor to expla9 9 ?is book1 ) complete in/ructions ^u ! be/ me?ods :i* h be5 h]et(ore & are n[ employ$ 9 ! pres]vation ( bodies4 ,,! ,,laboratory4 ,be=e fully ent]+ ^u ! subject ( ,embalm+1 x may n be out ( place to make m5tion ( ! room devot$ to t purpose4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 und]tak]s w f9d x to _! advantage to h set aside1 ei!r 9 ! re> "p ( _! /ore or at "s o!r conv5i5t po9t ( ! build+1 a room ( mod]ate dim5sions1 exclusively = ! purpose ( prep>+ bodies4 ,x may also be us$ ei!r = ! purpose ( hold+ inque/s1 po/ mortem exam9ations1 & z a morgue4 ,al?\gh ! purpose = :i* x is int5d$1 be t ( a laboratory or room :]e ! embalm+ ( bodies may be c>ri$ on1 undi/urb$ by ! traffic ( ! w>]ooms or ! (fice1 x w be f\nd useful = ! above nam$ objects4 ,v (t5 physicians1 :o may be want+ to inve/igate ! imm$iate cause ( dea? 9 "s ( _! pati5ts1 & :o _c prosecute ! necess>y inve/igations ei!r 9 _! own (fice or at ! h\se ( ! deceas$1 w avail !mselves1 ) pleasure1 ( ! opportunity ?us (f]$ to !m4 ,! advantages ( ?is arrangem5t to ! und]tak] are obvi\s & require no explanation4 ,! room %\ld be well v5tilat$ & light$1 & ev]y?+ s arrang$ z to be )9 rea*2 a s9k ) a wat] faucet %\ld occupy a corn] ( ! room2 9 ! c5t] an embalm+ bo>d1 ) longitud9al grooves1 on tre/les1 ! head elevat$ ab\t a foot high] ?an ! feet1 s z to all[ all liquids to run d[n & be collect$ 9 a pail at ! l[] extremity1 )\t unnecess>ily soil+ ! floor2 a closet or cupbo>d = *emicals1 :i*1 by ! way1 ought always to be kept lock$ up4 ,x is also necess>y to keep a c]ta9 am\nt ( ! prep>ation us$ 9 daily practice1 already mix$ = use at a mom5t's notice4 ,! prec$+ recomm5dation w prev5t mi/akes1 & d away ) ! confusion g5]ally att5dant ^u a ha/y call4 ,a v useful cu/om1 & "o t _c be too highly prais$1 is t ( keep+ all ne$ful articles = lay+ out & keep+ a body1 9 a neat morocco sat*el1 :i* c be c>ri$ ab\t 9 ! h& )\t ! lea/ inconv5i5ce4 ,! cont5ts %\ld include all t is necess>y to pres]ve bodies1 say = five or six days1 )\t ! use ( ice4 ,! annex$ li/ w furni% ! explanation3 ,two sponges = wa%+ purposes4 ,!y c be1 :5 dry1 kept 9 a v small compass2 ^! %\ld be ?or\ghly clean$ aft] us+1 & imm$iately return$ to _! place4 ,a small po/ mortem case1 conta9+ a c>tilage knife1 two scalpels1 "o ca!t]1 "o pair scissors1 *a9 & hooks1 nipp]s1 hook to raise art]ies1 & f\r crook$ ne$les1 assort$2 also a ske9 ( surgeon's silk4 ,^! in/rum5ts %\ld be c>efully clean$ be=e return+ to ! case4 ,two p9t bottles conta9+ antiseptic solution = inject+ /oma* & b[els4 ,i h "h m5tion$ two p9t bottles1 9 place ( a qu>t bottle1 = ?is reason3 ! two =m] are easi] c>ri$1 less liable to break1 & ?us m conv5i5t ?an ! latt]4 ,an eight-ounce vial1 conta9+ a conc5trat$ solution = ! complexion2 x c be dilut$ to suit :5 us+4 ,"s cotton = /opp+ air passages & rectum4 ,two cups = collect+ blood f ! jugul>s1 %\ld ! ve9s be s conge/$ z to require empty+ ( _! cont5ts4 ,an eight-ounce1 black rubb] syr+e1 = inject+ ei!r ! /oma*1 lungs or b[els2 ?is %\ld be well cleans$ aft] us+1 & also ! lea!r =m+ ! head ( ! plung] be saturat$ ) glyc]9e2 x w keep x moi/ & free f gett+ /icky1 :i* g5]ally happ5s :5 oil is us$ = t purpose4 ,a bottle ( "s pung5t1 aromatic1 acidulat$ liquid1 :i* w s]ve1 n to absorb1 b to disguise ! smell1 always m or less unpleasant1 ( a corpse4#a ,an eight-ounce bottle conta9+ tannic acid to du/ 9 cavities ( ! ?orax or abdom5 be=e clos+ ! w\nds4 ,& la/1 b n lea/1 a "o-ounce bottle ( liquid muriate ( ammonia1 :i* is invaluable to caut]ize any scrat*1 abrasion ( ! sk91 or cut1 on ! h&s ( ! op]ator :ile at "w4 ,i w\ld "h advise t "s adhesive pla/] be also a "p ( ! cont5ts4 ,! foll[+ *apt]s on *emicals may be f\nd1 by "s1 dry & ( no consequ5ce2 b to a s5sible p]son1 & a %rewd und]tak]1 x w be app>5t t1 unless possess$ ( "s k ( physiological *emi/ry & morbid anatomy1 x w be impossible = him to judge1 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 :at means are to be employ$ to secure success 9 embalm+4 ,x w also be f\nd1 by ! m enlight5$ mass ( ! pr(ession1 t a ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! causes ( putrefaction & ! means to c\nt]act ! same1 are ess5tial to a successful practice4 ,h[1 !n1 c su* means be resort$ to8 ,h[ is x possible = an und]tak] to prosecute ! bus9ess ( embalm] satisfactorily1 if he has n 9 8 h&s all ! in=mation necess>y to p]=m 8 labors1 ) cr$it to himself & satisfaction to 8 employ]s8 ,! only res\rce he has consi/s 9 ! complete k acquir$ f /udy & exp]i5ce1 & ! foll[+ *apt]s w pave ! way to ! desir$ result4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,i h f\nd by exp]i5ce t v9aigre de bully1 an import$ toilet article1 completely answ]s ! purpose 9 ?is case1 :5 slightly spr9kl$ ov] ! clo!s ( a corpse4 ,,drugs ,,& ,,*emicals4 ,z x is ( ! utmo/ importance = ! op]ator to get famili> ) ! drugs or *emicals he is call$ ^u to h&le1 ! hi/ory & prop]ties ( ea* "o w be detail$ at l5g? 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s3 ,acetic ,acid4--,! acid liquid di/ill$ :5 *>coal is prep>$ f wood1 9 close cyl9d]s )\t access ( air1 conta9s ?is valuable acid 9 a v impure /ate2 by subject+ ?is to fur!r di/illation ! liquid is collect$ :i* is kn[n z wood v9eg>1 or pyroligne\s acid4 ,by saturat+ ?is acid ) lime1 acetate ( lime is produc$1 :i* by decomposition ) sulphate ( soda1 furni%es sulphate ( lime & acetate ( soda2 ! latt] salt be+ cry/alliz$ 9 a /ate ( purity yields1 by di/illation ) sulphuric acid1 pure hydrat$ acetic acid 9 solution 9 wat]4 ,acetic acid is also produc$ by ! oxydation ( alcoholic liquids1 especially cid] & w9e1 & 9 ?is impure & dilut$ =m is call$ v9eg>4 ,9 *emical works x is g5]ally class$ among ! d]ivatives ( alcohol4 ,camphorat$ ,acetic ,acid4--,?is is l>gely us$ z a pung5t & refre%+ p]fume1 to remove fetid odors f bodies4 ,take ( ,camphor1 half ounce1 ,acetic ,acid1 #f fluid ounces4 ,pulv]ize ! camphor by means ( a few drops ( alcohol & dissolve x 9 ! acetic acid4 ,aromatic ,v9eg>4--,?is is ano!r pung5t & reviv+ p]fume1 =m]ly deem$ a prev5tive ( contagion1 & :i* w be f\nd v useful 9 remov+ f\l smells f ! *amb] ( dea?4 ,take ( ,camphor1 #b ounces1 ,alcohol1 suffici5t quantity to pulv]ize ! ,camphor1 ,oil ( ,cloves1 #a fluid ounce1 ,acetic ,acid1 v /rong1 #ab fluid ounces4 ,acetone1 or ,pyroacetic ,_s1 & ,pyroxilic ,_s1 or ,wood ,nap?a4--,^! are products ( ! di/illation ( wood1 :i* are sep>at$ f ! acid liquors aft] !y are saturat$ ) lime by simple di/illation & rectification4 ,ow+ to its *eapness1 pyroxilic _s has be5 ext5sively us$ 9 ,engl&1 z a sub/itute = alcohol 9 ! arts & manufactures4 ,uses ( ,crude ,pyroligne\s ,acid4--,?is acid hav+ be5 incid5tally describ$ z ! s\rce ( ! acetic acid ( comm]ce1 x may be prop] 9 ?is place to notice its uses4 ,x acts on ! pr9ciple ( an antiseptic & a /imulant2 ! =m] prop]ty be+ *iefly due to ! pres5ce ( creasote4 ,sev]al cases 9 :i* x 0 successfully employ$ 9 ! pres]vation ( animal matt] are report$ by ,dr4 ,t4 ,y4 ,simmons1 ( ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c4 ,! crude acid has be5 s advantage\sly us$ = ! above purpose t ,mr4 ,wm4 ,ramsey 0 l$ to p]=m ) x "s v int]e/+ exp]im5ts4 ,"s fre% fi%1 simply dipp$ 9 ! acid & aft]w>ds dri$ 9 ! %ade1 7 effectually pres]v$1 & :5 eat51 at ! end ( eight mon?s1 7 f\nd v agreeable to ! ta/e4 ,fre% beef1 dipp$ 9 ! acid 9 summ] = ! space ( a m9ute1 0 p]fectly sweet ! foll[+ spr+4 ,c>bolic ,acid1 or ,ph5ylic ,acid4--,x occurs 9 ca/or & ! ur9e ( _m dome/ic animals4 ,coal t> is di/ill$1 ! product betwe5 #cjj & #djj is saturat$ ) a /rong solution ( potassa1 ! oil is remov$1 ! salt decompos$ by muriatic acid2 ! c>bolic acid wa%$ ) wat]1 dri$ ) *loride ( calcium1 rectifi$1 cool$ to ab\t #ab ,f41 ! liquid decant$ & ! cry/als quickly dri$4 ,x is 9 long colorless ne$les2 n v soluble 9 cold wat]2 m s 9 hot wat]2 9 all proportions 9 alcohol & e!r2 also soluble 9 conc5trat$ acetic acid4 ,comm]cial ,creasote4--,:5 obta9$ f coal t> is always contam9at$ ) ph5ylic acid 7c>bolic acid47 ,inde$1 x is said t ph5ylic acid has be5 sold = creasote1 :i* x closely resembles 9 prop]ties4 ,h[ f> ^! prop]ties may be simil>1 des]ves to be /udi$2 = if !y %\ld prove to be ! same1 ! fact w\ld lead to its sub/itution z a sub/ance to be easily obta9$ pure1 = ! v>iable creasote4 ,( all ! prop]ties ( creasote1 ! mo/ rem>kable is its p[] ( pres]v+ animal matt]2 ?is prop]ty has sugge/$ its "n1 d]iv$ f two ,greek words :i* mean fle% pres]v]4 ,dr4 ,*ri/ison f9ds t creasote wat] is z good a pres]vative ( anatomical prep>ations z alcohol1 ) ! advantage ( n h>d5+ ! p>ts2 x is probably to creasote t ! antiseptic prop]ties ( pyroligne\s acid are ow+4 ,tannic ,acid4--,"s p[d] ( nut galls is mac]at$ 9 a bottle1 ) j en\gh e!r to moi/5 x1 = #bd h\rs1 & !n express$ 9 a p[]ful press2 & ! process ( mac]ation & expulsion is repeat$ 9 ! same way until ! p[d] is exhau/$2 ! liquors are mix$1 ! e!r di/ill$ (f1 & ! residue dri$ by means ( a wat] ba?4 ,prop]ties3 ,pure tannic acid is solid1 uncry/allizable1 :ite or slightly yell[i%1 inodor\s2 v soluble 9 wat]1 & mu* less soluble 9 alcohol & e!r1 & insoluble 9 ! fix$ & volatile oils4 ,tannic acid precipitates solutions ( />*1 album5 & glut51 & =ms ) glut5 an insoluble comp\nd :i* is ! basis ( lea!r4 ,*romic ,acid4--,to #ajj p>ts1 by measure1 ( cold saturat$ solution ( bi*romate ( potassa1 #aej p>ts ( sulphuric acid are add$ & all[$ to cool2 ! sulphuric acid unites ) ! potassa1 & ! *romic acid cry/alliz$ 9 deep r$ ne$les1 v soluble & deliquesc5t4 ,x is a p[]ful oxydiz+ & blea*+ ag5t4 ,small animals1 z mice1 etc41 aft] be+ imm]s$ 9 ! acid 7 s completely dissolv$ aft] #bj m9utes1 t no traces 7 left ( ei!r _! claws1 hair1 bones or tee?4 ,sulphur\s ,acid4--,x is prep>$ by expos+ to heat a mixture ( "o "p conc5trat$ sulphuric acid ) "o "p ( m]cury1 or "o-?ird "p ( copp] fil+s1 wa%+ ! gas by pass+ x ?r\gh a little wat]1 & cond5s+ x 9 wat] :i* is well cool$4 ,pr(essor ,proctor directs ! gas evolv$ f f\r ounces ( copp] turn+s1 & eight fluid ounces ( sulphuric acid1 to be cond5s$ into f\r p9ts ( wat]4 ,sulphur\s acid is a gas :i* dissolves l>gely 9 wat] & has a smell ( burn+ sulphur4 ,liquor ,*lor9at$ ,soda--,lab>raque ,dis9fect+ ,solution4--,x is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,*loride ( ,lime1 #a p\nd1 ,c>bonate ( ,soda1 #b p\nds1 ,wat]1 #a gallons4 ,dissolve ! c>bonate ( soda 9 #c p9ts ( wat] by ! aid ( heat2 to ! rema9d] ( ! wat] add1 by small portions at a "t1 ! *loride ( lime1 previ\sly well triturat$1 /irr+ ! mixture aft] ea* addition2 set ! mixture by = sev]al h\rs t ! drugs may subside1 !n decant ! cle> liquid & mix x ) ! solution ( c>bonate ( soda4 ,la/ly1 decant ! cle> liquor f ! precipitat$ c>bonate ( lime1 pass x ?r\gh a l95 clo? & keep x 9 bottles seclud$ f ! light4 ,x is a colorless alkal9e solution1 hav+ a fa9t odor ( *lor9e1 & an alkal9e ta/e2 x owes its antiseptic prop]ties to conta9+ hypoclor\s acid :i* is readily lib]at$ by ! addition ( ev5 a weak acid &1 on exposure to ! air1 by ! absorption ( c>bonic acid4 ,"o ( its pr9cipal uses is to purify ! air 9 dissect+ rooms & hospitals1 9 :i* case x acts by decompos+ sulphurat$ hydrog51 aga9/ :i* gas :5 inhal$1 x is also an antidote4 ,nitrate ( ,lead4--,take ( li?>ge #d ounces2 dilute nitric acid "o p9t4 ,dissolve ! li?>ge to saturation by ! aid ( a g5tle heat2 filt]1 & set ! liquor aside to cry/allize2 conc5trate ! residual liquid to obta9 m cry/als4 ,?is is a beautiful :ite salt1 ( a sweet a/r+5t ta/e & soluble 9 #g p>ts ( wat] & 9 alcohol4 ,x has rec5tly be5 f\nd useful 9 ! correction ( fetid odors1 dep5d5t ^u ! pres5ce ( sulphurat$ hydrog5 or hydrosulphate ( ammonia1 :i* x decomposes4 ,x w n prev5t ! putrefaction ( animal matt]1 b x w be f\nd extremely useful1 z a dis9fectant ( putresc5t animal fluids4 ,l$oy5's ,dis9fect+ ,fluid4--,:i* is greatly e/eem$ abroad1 is a solution ( ?is salt 9 wat]1 9 ! proportion ( two ounces ( salt to "o p9t ( wat]4 ,corrosive ,sublimate4--,by ! action ( boil+ sulphuric acid on m]cury1 ! hip]sulphate is fir/ =m$4 ,:5 ?is is heat$ ) common salt mutual ex*ange takes place1 & bi*loride ( m]cury & sulphate ( soda1 ! =m] ( :i* sublimes are produc$4 ,corrosive sublimate is 9 heavy1 :ite cry/all9e masses1 ( a /yptic & metallic ta/e1 soluble 9 ab\t #bj p>ts ( cold wat]1 mu* m s 9 alcohol4 ,a solution ( corrosive sublimate precipitates album5 & =ms ) x a def9ite insoluble comp\nd1 to :i* prop]ty its use z an antiseptic is due4 ,corrosive sublimate has ! prop]ty ( ret>d+ putrefaction4 ,animal matt]s imm]s$ 9 its solution %r9k1 acquire firmness1 assume a :ite color1 & become imputrescible4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is prop]ty x is usefully employ$ 9 pres]v+ anatomical prep>ations4 ,we h se5 a head prep>$ 9 ?is mann] :i* _h = sev5 ye>s resi/$ ! attacks ( decay & insects1 & be5 subject$ to all *anges ( temp]ature4 ,hyposulphite ( ,soda4--,?is salt may be economically prep>$ by ! foll[+ process3 #af ounces f9ely p[d]$ c>bonate ( soda are mix$ ) #e ounces fl[]s ( sulphur1 & heat$ 9 a porcela9 di% ) con/ant agitation until x takes fire & burns to sulphite ( soda2 ?is is dissolv$ 9 wat] & boil$ ) sulphur & ?us =ms hyposulphite acid2 x is !n evaporat$ to cry/allization4 ,x is easily soluble 9 wat]2 ! solution gradually deposits sulphur2 #a to #d ounces dissolv$ 9 ! necess>y quantity ( wat]1 & ) ! subsequ5t addition ( #c fluid ounces ( sulphuric acid = ea* ounce ( ! salt1 w lib]ate ! hyposulphur\s acid1 :i* imm$iately decomposes into sulphur & sulphur\s acid4 ,solution ( ,*loride ( ,z9c4--,made 9 ! proportion ( #a ounce ( *loride ( z9c dissolv$ 9 #a p9t ( wat]4 ,x is a p[]ful deodoriz+ & dis9fect+ ag5t 9 neutraliz+ noxi\s effluvia & 9 arre/+ animal & vegetable decomposition4 ,! concurr5t te/imony ( a numb] ( obs]v]s %[s t x acts z an excell5t dis9fectant = hospitals1 dissect+ rooms1 etc4 ,:5 inject$ into ! blood vessels1 x pres]ves bodies = dissection )\t injur+ _! texture4 ,! advantage is claim$ = x1 t :ile x de/roys putrid odors1 x has no smell ( its own4 ,alum9a4--,dissolve alum 9 six times its weight ( boil+ wat]1 add solution ( c>bonate ( soda 9 slight excess1 agitate = a few m9utes1 filt]1 & wa% ! precipitate ) di/ill$ wat]2 ! product is hydrate ( alum9a4 ,acetate ( ,alum9a4--,a solution ( ?is salt is obta9$ by saturat+ acetic acid ) hydrat$ alum9a & _c be evaporat$ )\t ! loss ( acetic acid4 ,x has a fa9t smell ( acetic acid & a sweeti% ta/e1 & possesses /rong antiseptic prop]ties4 ,sulphate ( ,alum9a4--,saturate dilut$ sulphuric acid ) hydrat$ alum9a1 evaporate & cry/allize2 x is 9 ?91 flexible plates1 ( a pe>ly lu/re1 sweet & a/r+5t ta/e2 soluble 9 twice its weight ( cold wat]1 b n 9 alcohol4 ,its *ief use is z an antiseptic2 a solution ( #a p\nd to a qu>t ( wat] is us$ to pres]ve dead bodies2 z a lotion x may be us$ 9 a some:at less conc5trat$ =m4 ,! salts ( alum9a h be5 asc]ta9$ by ,mr4 ,gannal to be p[]ful pres]vatives ( animal matt]4 ,among ^! ! sulphate is to be pref]r$ on acc\nt ( its easy prep>ation & mod]ate price4 ,its aque\s solution 0 f\nd by ,mr4 ,gannal to be v effectual 9 pres]v+ bodies1 :5 inject$ into ! blood vessels2 9 ! summ] season bodies 7 pres]v$ = ?irty days or m2 9 ! w9t] = ?ree mon?s4 ,= use 9 ! w9t]1 a quantity ( ! solution suffici5t = inject+ "o body1 may be made by add+ a p\nd1 avoirdupois1 ( ! salt to a qu>t ( wat]2 = use 9 w>m wea!r1 ! solution mu/ be saturat$4 ,,po/ ,,mortem ,,exam9ations4 ,be=e comm5c+ ! "w ( embalm+1 & ev5 :ile lay+ out a corpse1 x is always necess>y to make an inspection ( ! surface ( ! body4 ,! m9ut5ess ( ?is inspection w dep5d ^u ! "* ( ! case1 &1 9 a great measure1 dictate ! c\rse ( treatm5t to be foll[$ s z to insure success4 ,x also behooves ! op]ator1 = 8 own safety1 to look = evid5ces ( sk9 diseases1 ulc]s1 abscesses1 etc42 ! gl&s1 p5is & prepuce are to be c>efully exam9$ = syphilitic cicatrices4 ,x is cu/om>y to f9d c]ta9 *anges 9 ! ext]nal appe>ance ( ! body1 :i* are due to ! cessation ( vitality 9 ! tissues & ! comm5cem5t ( decomposition4 ,i speak n[ ( bodies :i* h n yet be5 buri$1 & :i* h be5 kept 9 ! ord9>y way1 p>tly cov]$ by a %r\d1 & ly+ on ! back1 9 a loosely cov]$ c(f94 ,if ! bodies h be5 left 9 _! ord9>y clo!s1 ! appe>ances are j ! same4 ,9 su* bodies1 "o ( ! fir/ noticeable *anges is ! pal5ess ( ! sk9 & its mottl+ ) irregul> livid pat*es4 ,aft] a %ort "t ! blood settles 9 ! vessels ( ! m dep5d5t portions ( ! body1 & ! sk9 :i* cov]s ! back ( ! trunk & extremities becomes ( a livid r$ color4 ,9 _m cases1 if we cut ?r\gh ! sk91 we f9d ! tissues b5ea? conge/$ & infiltrat$ ) bloody scum2 9 bodies :i* h be5 kept = a numb] ( days 9 cold wea!r1 ?is r$ color is also se5 on ! ant]ior portions ( ! body1 especially on ! face & neck4 ,9 hot wea!r1 ! r$ color is v soon alt]$ by decomposition2 if ! epid]mis has be5 deta*$ at any po9t1 ! sk9 b5ea? ?is is dry1 h>d & r$4 ,9 w>m wea!r1 we may f9d1 = a few h\rs aft] dea?1 broad1 blui% l9es1 correspond+ to ! cutane\s ve9s1 ramify+ 9 ! sk9 ( ! neck & ?orax4 ,^! l9es are =m$ by ! escape ( ! color+ matt] ( ! blood f ! vessels4 ,)9 a few h\rs aft] dea?1 ev5 9 cold wea!r1 !re is usually "s escape ( bloody fro? & muc\s f ! m\? & nose4 ,if ! eyelids are n clos$1 ! conjunctira & cornea soon become dry1 br[n & h>d1 ! eyeballs also become flaccid4 ,aft] a consid]able "t ! sk9 ( ! abdom5 becomes gre52 /ill lat]1 decomposition fairly sets 94 ,! entire body is ( a d>k gre5 color2 ! tissues are infiltrat$ ) s]um1 ! abdom5 is di/5d$ ) gas1 !n ! color *anges f a gre5 to a r$di% br[n2 ! epid]mis is deta*$2 ! sk9 is cov]$ ) maggots2 ! entire body is swoll5 f ! =mation ( gases2 ! face c h>dly be recogniz$2 ! nails drop (f1 & ! scalp becomes deta*$4 ,:5 a body is 9 ?is condition x c h>dly be det]m9$ :e!r a mon? or five mon?s h elaps$ s9ce dea? occurr$4 ,aft] ?is all ! s(t p>ts *ange into a =mless1 pu/ul5t mass4 ,! cavities are op51 ! visc]a are indi/+ui%able1 & ! bones are left b>e4 ,! rapidity ) :i* ^! *anges take place1 v>ies "u ! influ5ce ( a great numb] ( conditions4 ,! bodies ( infants usually decompose m rapidly ?an ^? ( adults2 fat bodies putrefy quick] ?an lean ones2 ! bodies ( p]sons :o die sudd5ly f viol5ce1 decompose less rapidly ?an ! av]age1 unless ! body be consid]ably mangl$4 ,exhau/+ diseases1 fev]s1 & ! pu]p]al condition1 are foll[$ by rapid decomposition1 z is also dea? f suffocat+ gases4 ,poison+ by alcohol1 by ars5ic1 & by sulphuric acid1 may pres]ve ! bodies = an unusual l5g? ( "t4 ,atmosph]ic air1 moi/ure1 & w>m?1 quick5 decomposition4 ,at ! same temp]ature1 a body :i* has be5 = "o week 9 ! air1 "o :i* has be5 two weeks 9 ! wat]1 & "o :i* has be5 eight weeks buri$ 9 ! usual way1 w all exhibit ! same degree ( decomposition4 ,,! ,,rigor ,,mortis4 ,x is prop] to notice :e!r or n ! body is 9 ! condition ( po/ mortem rigidity4 ,m att5tion has1 p]haps1 be5 giv5 to ?is po/ mortem condition ?an x well des]v$4 ,accord+ to ,khne1 ! rigor mortis is produc$ by a *ange 9 ! muscul> fibres2 ! fibres fir/ lose _! contractibility1 !n !re is coagulation ( ! myos9e & loss ( ela/icity4 ,:5 ?is acidity has rea*$ its height1 muscle becomes s(t]1 & ! rigor mortis gradually disappe>s2 f9ally1 ! acid condition is succe$$ by an alkal9e f]m5tation1 & decomposition ensues4 ,! rigor mortis g5]ally beg9s 9 ! muscles ( ! l[] jaw & back ( ! neck2 x !n ext5ds to ^? ( ! face1 neck1 ?orax1 arms1 & f9ally1 ! legs2 x usually disappe>s 9 ! same ord]2 x g5]ally beg9s 9 f eight to tw5ty h\rs aft] dea?1 b (t5 mu* soon]4 ,! bodies ( p]sons kill$ on ! field ( battle1 & ( ^? :o h be5 dr[n$1 sometimes seem to be ov]tak5 by ! rigor mortis at ! v in/ant ( dea?2 ! bodies reta9 ! same position1 & ! face ! same expression1 :i* !y _h 9 ! la/ mom5ts ( life4 ,! rigor mortis may cont9ue = f "o to t5 days1 g5]ally1 b n always2 dea? f n>cotic poisons is foll[$ by a %ort & feeble rigidity4 ,:ile dea? by lightn+ is foll[$ by rapid & int5se rigidity1 9 "y *ildr51 x is feeble & ( %ort duration4 ,! degree & duration ( rigor mortis aft] dea? f viol5ce1 f diff]5t diseases1 etc41 is /at$ s v>i$ly & contradictorily by diff]5t obs]v]s1 t no def9ite rules c be giv5 conc]n+ x4 ,! temp]ature ( ! normal liv+ body is #ih to #ii ,f4 ,9 illness1 ! temp]ature may be increas$ sev]al degrees4 ,aft] dea?1 ! body g5]ally cools to ! same po9t z ! surr\nd+ air2 ?is is said to take place 9 f fifte5 to tw5ty h\rs4 ,taylor1 f ! exam9ation ( "o hundr$ bodies1 /ates t ! av]age heat ( ! sk9 ( ! abdom51 at a p]iod ( two to ?ree h\rs aft] dea?1 is #gg2 at f\r to six h\rs1 #gd2 at six to eight h\rs1 #gj2 at twelve h\rs1 #fi4 ,! int]nal visc]a reta9 _! heat long] ?an ! surface ( ! body4 ,x is said1 t1 aft] sudd5 dea? f accid5ts1 apoplexy1 acute disease & asphyxia1 ! body reta9s its heat = an unusually long p]iod4 ,x is bo? ass]t$ & d5i$1 t aft] dea? f hemorrhage ! body cools rapidly2 ! body ( an adult cools m sl[ly ?an t ( a *ild or an old p]son2 t ( a fat p]son m sl[ly ?an t ( a lean "o4 ,9 "s cases !re is an exceptional ret5tion & ev5 an increase ( heat 9 ! dead body4 ,dr4 ,john ,davy reports1 t 9 case ( dea? f rheumatism1 aft] ! visc]a _h be5 expos$ = sev]al m9utes1 ! temp]ature ( ! left v5tricle ( ! he>t 0 #aac1 & t ( ! liv] #aab4 ,9 a second case1 six h\rs aft] dea?1 ! temp]ature ( ! he>t 0 #ajh4 ,x is /at$ t aft] dea? f yell[ fev] & *ol]a1 ! temp]ature increases = sev]al h\rs aft] dea?4 ,!re are also record$ a numb] ( in/ances 9 :i* ! body reta9$ its heat = sev]al days1 )\t kn[n cause4 ,x w be se5 f :at has be5 said1 t if we are call$ ^u to pron\nce ^u ! l5g? ( "t t has elaps$ s9ce dea?1 9 a giv5 case1 ?is is only to be done approximately1 & x is probably necess>y to take into consid]ation ! cause & mann] ( dea?1 ! condition ( ! individual1 ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! body has be5 kept aft] dea?2 & ev5 aft] mak+ ^! all[ances1 we c only say t a p]son has probably be5 dead = su* & su* a "t4 ,?is *apt] may prove t$i\s to "s1 b x is1 h[ev]1 an und5iable fact1 t ! prec$+ in=mation 7compil$ f ! ,morbid ,anatomy ( ,f4 ,delafield1 ,m4 ,d471 is ( ! utmo/ importance to ! pr(essional und]tak]4 ,! ext]nal exam9ation ( ! body1 be=e h&l+1 is a matt] n to be neglect$4 ,%\ld any syphilitic sores or f\l ulc]s be pres5t1 ! utmo/ caution mu/ be us$ 9 h&l+ ! body1 z ! pus1 :i* is a mo/ virul5t poison1 might f9d its way into ! sy/em ?r\gh "s abrasion ( ! sk94 ,! effects ( ?is poison are su*1 t1 %\ld x n prove fatal1 x w leave 9 ! sy/em traces t c nev] be completely eradicat$4 ,?is *apt] also conta9s in=mation ( su* "* z w be f\nd ne$ful to fully und]/& ! subsequ5t *apt]s4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,bodies4 ,! foll[+ process is int5d$ to pres]ve bodies )\t ! use ( ice1 m]ely until ! "t ( ! fun]al may arrive4 ,sometimes1 ?is c]emonial may be delay$ = ?ree or f\r days1 or until "s memb] ( ! family1 :o may be at "s di/ance1 c arrive4 ,x is also int5d$ to take ! place ( ! cumbr\s refrig]ator1 & sub/itute = ! labor ( remov+ ice1 c>ry+ ! box to & f ! resid5ce1 ! m simple & less labori\s process ( inject+ ! abdom9al visc]a4 ,! fir/ /ep to be tak5 ^u arrival 9 ! *amb] ( dea?1 is to create a curr5t ( fre% air1 by l[]+ ! upp] "p ( a w9d[1 or ( a c\ple ( !m1 if !re be no transom light ov] ! door4 ,next1 remove ! body f ! b$ & place x on a cool+ bo>d2 ?is bo>d ought to be elevat$ ab\t "o foot at ! head2 also1 ! head ( ! body %\ld be rais$ at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees2 ?is disposition ( ! body w all[ ! fluids conta9$ 9 ! circulatory sy/em to g d[n ( _! own gravitation1 & leave ! face1 neck1 & upp] "p ( ! body unconge/$1 & !re=e free f ! purple spots t gradually discolor ! face & neck4 ,! head is rais$ on ! cool+ bo>d at ! prop] elevation z direct$ above1 by means ( a head re/ atta*$ to ! cool+ bo>d1 & provid$ ) a cat* re/+ on a cog scale1 :i* all[s ! re/ to be rais$ or l[]$ at w4 ,! m\? mu/ next be firmly clos$ by means ( a ligature1 ti$ firmly r\nd ! head & pass$ "u ! apex ( ! *92 ?is ligature %\ld be kept 9 place until ! rigor mortis has firmly set ! jaws toge!r4 ,a great improvem5t = ! above purpose ^u ! old way ( ty+ a clo? or a h&k]*ief r\nd ! head1 is to use a b& ( "s wide1 ela/ic fabric1 ( :i* sev]al sizes mu/ be kept on h&1 z :5 ?is ligature presses too tightly x leaves ^u ! face1 especially on fat p]sons1 unsightly wr9kles4 ,! eyes mu/ next be att5d$ to2 ! lids mu/ be br\ght toge!r firmly1 avoid+ at ! same "t int]f]5ce ) ! la%es or ! creation ( wr9kles ( ! sk9 on ! corn]s2 !n fold up neatly "s small pieces ( l951 well saturat$ 9 ! foll[+ solution1 :i* is also to be us$ to moi/5 ! face )3 ,alum1 #h ounces2 ,corrosive ,sublimate1 #b ounces2 ,wat]1 #a gallon4 ,! l95 pads %\ld n exce$ ! size ( a qu>t] doll>1 & ?or\ghly saturat$ 9 ! above solution be=e apply+ to ! eyes4 ,! face1 aft] wa%+ ) soap & wat]1 %\ld be well moi/5$ ) ! same solution1 & a clo? laid c>efully & ev5ly ov] ! features1 s z to come into direct contact ) e "p ( !m2 ?is clo? mu/ be kept moi/ ) ! above solution1 & rema9 ov] ! face until su* "t z ! body is plac$ 9 ! c(f91 :5 ! clo? may be remov$ previ\s to ! lid be+ clos$4 ,?is solution %\ld be dilut$ ) "o-half wat] = use on *ildr5 or p]sons ^: sk9 is v f9e4 ,x mu/ also be kept f a v /rong light1 9 a glass bottle1 & %\ld1 :5 us$1 nev] be mix$ 9 a metallic vessel1 b 9 a b[l1 cup1 or "s di% ( que5s-w>e or *9a4 ,! next /ep to be tak5 consi/s 9 prev5t+ fro?+ or purg+ f ! m\? & no/rils2 also keep+ d[n g5]ation ( gases1 & swell+ ( ! /oma* & b[els4 ,= ?is purpose an incision ab\t #d or #e in*es 9 l5g? is made 9 ! abdom51 above ! transv]se ar* ( ! colon2 ?is incision w reveal ! colon & upp] "p ( ! l>ge inte/9es1 also ! /oma*1 a little to ! left4 ,if ! b[els are di/5d$ ) gas1 puncture fir/ ! colon & "s ( ! small] inte/9es1 &1 aft] expell+ ! air by firmly press+ on ! abdom51 inject into ! b[els ab\t eight ounces ( ! foll[+ solution3 ,dissolve 9 "o gallon ( wat] z mu* alum z ! wat] w take up1 %ak+ at int]vals2 !n p\r (f ! cle> liquor1 & add to x two ounces *loride ( z9c & two ounces corrosive sublimate4 ,keep ?is inject+ solution 9 a cool1 d>k place4 ,! b[els be+ inject$1 ! /oma* mu/ be empti$ ( its cont5ts by punctur+ its walls1 & by press+ g5tly ^u its out] surface 9 a d[nw>d direction2 ! matt] conta9$ 9 x w be =c$ out into ! pleural cavity1 & c !n be ei!r spong$ or scoop$ out2 ! /oma* is !n to be inject$ 9 a simil> mann] z ! b[els2 "s ( ! inject+ fluid may be !n p\r$ betwe5 ! int]/ices ( ! b[els1 ab\t 7#f or #h ounces71 & "s cotton batt+ be laid ev5ly ov] ! b[els2 ?is cotton %\ld be well saturat$ ) ! solution aft] x is prop]ly laid 9 its place4 ,! lips ( ! w\nd may !n be neatly br\ght toge!r & sew$ up4 ,x w be readily und]/ood by ! above describ$ op]ation1 t no gases c be g5]at$ 9 ei!r ! b[els or ! /oma*1 z ! inject+ fluid 9 ^? p>ts ( ! visc]a w effectually prev5t _! =mation2 & ?is be+ ! case1 ! purg+ at ! m\? & no/rils1 :i* is ! result ( ! escape ( gas driv+ out ! cont5ts ( ! /oma*1 is avoid$4 ,! expansion ( ! abdom9al visc]a1 or ! b[els1 is also prev5t$ by ! same cause4 ,9 "s in/ances1 :5 ! body is t ( a /\t1 fle%y p]son1 or especially :5 "s l5g? ( "t has elaps$ f ! "t ( dea? until ! und]tak] has be5 call$ 91 & p>ticul>ly if ! body has be5 recl9+ 9 a horizontal position1 ! face1 neck & %\ld]s1 w be f\nd highly conge/$ ) blood2 ! face1 9 fact1 may be swell$ & ( a purple appe>ance1 ow+ to ! extravasation ( blood into ! capill>y vessels "u ! sk94 ,9 su* cases1 & aft] ! body has be5 remov$ & plac$ into a prop] position on ! cool+ bo>d1 if ! blood is n c>ri$ to "s l[] "p ( ! body by its own gravitation1 x may be f\nd necess>y to cut into ! jugul> ve9s on ei!r side ( ! neck1 an incision ab\t "o qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?2 ?r\gh ?is op5+ ! conge/$ blood may be let out1 & ! face w soon recov] its orig9al color4 ,?is process1 :i* occupies ab\t tw5ty m9utes1 w be f\nd pref]able to ! use ( ice1 especially :5 ! corpse is at "s di/ance f ! und]tak]'s place ( bus9ess2 or :5 x w\ld be almo/ impracticable to c>ry a l>ge & cumbr\s ice box1 besides ! labor & bu/le occasion$ 9 ! h\se ( m\rn+ by ! c>ry+ 9 & out ( ! box1 ice1 etc4 ,x is also well und]/ood t ?is process c n be appli$ :]e ! corpse is t ( a p]son :o has di$ ( "s contagi\s or infecti\s disease4 ,besides ! dang] to ! op]ator 9 ?is case1 x is n cu/om>y to reta9 = any l5g? ( "t ! rema9s ( ^? :o may h di$ f ! effects ( an epidemic4 ,to ! solution = inject+1 z giv5 above1 mu/ be add$ "o ounce ( creosote to ! gallon ( liquid1 :5 ! prep>ation is to be us$ 9 w>m wea!r4 ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,body ,,aft] ,,dea?4 ,z ! object ( ?is book is to give1 n only ! be/ modes ( pres]v+ & embalm+ bodies1 b also to make compreh5sive to our pr(essionals ! modus op]&i1 x is a mo/ important matt] to !m t ! diff]5t conditions ( a body1 z influ5c$ by ! cause ( dea?1 %\ld be made a /udy (1 & fully und]/ood1 be=e proce$+ any f>!r4 ,^! diff]5t circum/ances may s influ5ce ! /ate ( ! body1 t ! process ( embalm+1 z giv5 h]eaft] & z usually practic$1 may n be successful4 ,i repeat an ass]tion already made1 t "o body hav+ be5 treat$ successfully 9 a c]ta9 mann]1 yet ! same me?od may fail 9 ano!r case4 ,al?\gh ! same *emicals may h be5 us$ 9 bo? in/ances1 & giv5 full satisfaction 9 ! fir/1 !y fail$ to accompli% _! object 9 ! la/4 ,x is a well kn[n fact t ! art]ial sy/em mu/ be intact & )\t lesions1 if ! inject+ fluid is to be c>ri$ 9 a ?or\gh mann]1 & by ! natural *annels ?r\gh ! body--!re=e any rupture 9 ! art]ies may cause ! fluid to escape at t po9t1 & fill ! neighbor+ cavities4 ,! result w\ld c]ta9ly n 9 t case be satisfactory to ! op]ator2 = z ! fluid w\ld ?us be arre/$ 9 its c\rse1 & fail to p]meate ! tissues ?r\gh ! art]ies1 ve9s & small] vessels1 ! corpse w\ld soon putrefy 9 consequ5ce4 ,de/ructive inflammation ( ! surr\nd+ tissues may invade & de/roy ! walls ( an art]y4 ,?us1 ulc]ation ( ! bra*ia1 bron*ial gl&s1 & sophagus1 may p]=ate ! aorta2 gangr5e ( ! lungs1 ! pulmon>y art]ies1 ulc] ( ! /oma*1 ! ga/ric art]ies1 etc4 ,let u suppose t ! op]ator *ooses ! femoral art]y z a po9t ( injection4 ,! inject+ fluid w fill ! art]ies ( ! abdom5 & ! ?orax until x rea*es a po9t :]e ! walls ( ! art]ies are ruptur$1 & !n w lose itself into ! surr\nd+ cavities1 !reby fail+ to rea* ! upp] portion ( ! body4 ,x w ( c\rse1 9 an in/ance ( ?is k9d1 be f\nd necess>y to inject aga9 at "s o!r po9t situate 9 a high] "p ( ! body1 z = in/ance1 ! axill>y art]y4 ,x is1 !re=e1 easily und]/ood t-- #a/4 ,! cause ( dea? may s affect ! art]ial sy/em t ! po9t select$ = inject+ may n be ! prop] "o4 #b;d4 ,t x may be necess>y to inject ! body at diff]5t po9ts4 #c;d4 ,t1 9 _m cases1 ! cause ( failure does n lay 9 ! lack ( antiseptic prop]ties ( ! *emicals us$1 b 9 ! ne$ ( discrim9ation on ! "p ( ! embalm]1 9 *oos+ ! prop] place = inject+1 & also 9 8 ignorance ( :]e t place %\ld be4 ,x is1 !re=e1 pat5t1 t %\ld ! c\rse ( ! art]ies & ve9s be n readily und]/ood by ! op]ator1 x w be a r h>d matt] = him to discov] ! cause ( 8 failure4 ,?is want1 we w try to supply 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s1 by giv+ 9 detail ! c\rse ( ! blood vessels1 also ( ! diff]5t positions ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! visc]a1 :i* x is necess>y = ! embalm] to be acqua9t$ )1 & :i* x is absolutely indisp5sable to "k1 s z to fully compreh5d ! in/ructions giv5 fur!r on 9 ?is book4 ,,dea? ,,f ,,poison+4 ,by ,sulphuric ,acid4--,!re does n seem to be any lesions ( ! art]ies aft] dea?1 z ! /oma* is ! only "p :i* might be p]=at$1 z also ! adjo9+ visc]a might be black5$ & s(t5$ by ! action ( ! acid4 ,! blood is ?ick5$1 sirupy acid1 & ! body may be p>tially pres]v$ f decomposition4 ,nitric ,acid4--,9 ?is case ! /oma* w be f\nd to conta9 a visc\s1 sangu9ol5t yell[ or gre5i% fluid1 :i* mu/ be got rid ( be=e inject+4 ,! lungs w also be f\nd highly conge/$1 & ! blood mu/ !re=e be empti$ out4 ,! acid1 ,nitrate ( ,m]cury1 & ,muriatic ,acid1 produce ab\t ! same *anges aft] dea? z ^? ( ,nitric ,acid4 ,oxalic ,acid4--,! /oma* w be f\nd to conta9 a d>k1 br[n1 muc\s fluid1 b 9 "s cases ( dea? f ?is poison !re are no well m>k$ lesions4 ,oxalate ( ,pota% produces ! same *anges4 ,pota%-,soda4--,^! alkalies & _! c>bonates are r>ely us$ z poisons4 ,cicatrices & /rictures ( ! sophagus & /oma* may be produc$4 ,ammonia4--,! vapor ( /rong ammonia may cause dea? f inflammation ( ! l>ynx & air passages4 ,b ! /rong solution ( ,ammonia produces corrosion ( ! m\?1 sophagus & /oma*4 ,nitrate ( ,pota%4--,9 "s cases1 !re is int5se conge/ion ( ! /oma*1 & sometimes p]=ation ( t organ4 ,phosphorus4--,! po/ mortem appe>ances v>y ) ! l5g? ( "t :i* lapses be=e dea?4 ,if dea? takes place 9 a few h\rs1 ! only lesions are ^? produc$ by ! direct action ( ! poison4 ,! cont5ts ( ! /oma*1 :i* mu/ be evacuat$1 are (t5 mix$ ) blood1 & may h ! peculi> smell ( phosphorus4 ,x is said t ! muc\s membrane ( ! /oma* may emit a phosphoresc5t light 9 ! d>k4 ,if dea? does n ensue until aft] sev]al days1 ! lesions are m m>k$2 ! body is usually jaundic$1 & !re may be f\nd a conge/ion ( ! liv]1 or !re may be a small hemorrhage 9 ! liv] tissue4 ,ars5ic4--,! /oma* may be empty1 or conta9 muc\s mix$ ) blood1 & ! inte/9es conta9 a :ite1 rice-wat] fluid1 :i* mu/ be empti$ out4 ,corrosive ,sublimate4--,! /oma* is usually contract$2 !re are inflam$ & conge/$1 sometimes gangr5\s1 pat*es ( ! muc\s coat4 ,! inte/9es may appe> normal1 or !re may be pat*es ( conge/ion4 ,9 bo? prec$+ cases x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! poison may be absorb$ by ! sk91 !re=e ! op]ator %\ld use great c>e 9 manipulat+ ! /oma* & b[els4 ,vegetable ,irritants4--,aloes1 colocyn?1 jalap1 gamboge1 scammony1 sav91 croton oil1 col*icum1 v]atria1 turp5t9e2 all ^! drugs produce conge/ion & inflammation ( ! /oma* & b[els4 ,sulphate ( ,copp]--,v]digris4--,! po/ mortem appe>ances h only be5 obs]v$ 9 a mod]ate numb] ( cases2 ! /oma* may be un*ang$1 or !re may be pat*es ( gangr5e & inflammation1 & ev5 p]=ation4 ,t>t> ,emetic4--,9 ?is in/ance ! lesions are n con/ant1 b ! lungs may be engorg$ ) blood4 ,opium4--,! po/ mortem appe>ances ( p]sons :o h be5 kill$ by ! prep>ations ( opium1 are negative4 ,int5se conge/ion ( ! bra9 & lungs are spok5 ( by mo/ au?ors1 b !y seem to dep5d *iefly on ! way 9 :i* ! pati5t dies1 r ?an on any specific action ( ! drug4 ,prussic ,acid4--,! sk9 is usually livid1 & ! muscles contract$2 ! /oma* is conge/$1 & ! ve9\s sy/em unusually full ( blood4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic condition1 :5 ?is acid is pres5t1 is ! odor ( bitt] almonds exhal$ f ! /oma* & tissues4 ,alcohol4--,! diff]5t prep>ations ( alcohol may1 :5 tak5 9 l>ge quantities1 produce sudd5 coma & dea?4 ,! bodies are said to resi/ decomposition = an unusual l5g? ( "t4 ,!re is conge/ion1 & sometimes extravasation ( ! blood 9 ! bra92 ! ve9s ev]y:]e are full ( blood1 & ! bladd] di/5d$ ) ur9e4 ,*ronic alcoholic poison+ is ( a diff]5t nature2 9 ?is latt] case ! bra9 appe>s normal1 b ! lungs are usually conge/$4 ,/ry*nia--,nux ,vomica4--,9 cases ( poison+ f ^!1 ! cramp+ & contraction ( ! muscles relax aft] dea?1 b ! bra9 is always conge/$ ) blood4 ,corium1 ,aconite1 ,belladona1 ,lobelia1 ,digitalis1 ,/ramonium1 ,v]atrum4--,all ^! poisons produce conge/ion ( ! bra91 lungs & /oma*4 ,c>bonic ,oxide4--,?is gas is produc$ f burn+ *>coal1 & =ms ! poison\s +r$i5t ( illum9at+ gas4 ,= po/ mortem appe>ances1 see dea? f suffocation4 ,c>bolic ,acid4--,a numb] ( dea?s f ?is poison h be5 report$ 9 ! la/ few ye>s4 ,9 ?is case1 ! /oma*1 lungs & inte/9es are int5sely conge/$4 ,f ,lightn+4--,9 p]sons kill$ by lightn+ ! int]nal visc]a may be s lac]at$ & disorganiz$ t ! injection ( ! embalm+ fluid may be r5d]$ impossible4 ,dr[n+4--,p]sons :o h be5 dr[n$ usually die f asphyxia4 ,! lungs are g5]ally conge/$1 ! /oma* conta9s "s ( ! fluid 9 :i* ! p]son may h be5 dr[n$1 & mu/ be empti$4 ,! abdom9al visc]a may also be conge/$1 b ! blood g5]ally rema9s fluid ?r\gh\t ! body1 & is easily remov$4 ,/rangulation4--,9 ?is in/ance ! c>otid art]ies are g5]ally ruptur$2 ! he>t1 ! lungs & ! visc]a1 are usually conge/$4 ,9 dea? f suffocation ! same symptoms are pres5t4 ,9 cases ( sun/roke1 decomposition sets 9 v rapidly1 & requires an imm$iate *eck2 ! lungs w frequ5tly be f\nd conge/$4 ,epidemic1 ,c]ebro-,sp9al ,m5+itis4--,9 _m cases ! sk9 ( ! body & face may %[ purpuric pat*es4 ,! rigor mortis is pron\nc$ & long cont9u$1 b decomposition sets 9 e>ly4 ,! inte/9es may be swoll51 & ev5 ulc]at$1 & ! lungs conge/$4 ,! "* ( ! disease almo/ preclud$ ! idea ( pres]v+ ! body aft] dea?4 ,h[ev]1 %\ld ! reque/ be insi/$ ^u1 too _m precautions _c be tak51 = ! disease is ( a virul5t "*4 ,,embalm+ ,,bodies4 ,! bo>d g5]ally employ$ to lay ! body on :ile ! op]ation ( embalm+ is be+ p]=m$ resembles any ord9>y cool+ bo>d ) an adju/able head-re/1 b x is also provid$ ) a rim1 ext5d+ all ar\nd1 & rais$ ab\t "o in* above ! level ( ! bo>d2 ?is rim /ops at ! foot1 :]e ! bo>d rema9s op5 9 all its wid?4 ,!re are also longitud9al grooves runn+ ! full l5g? ( ! bo>d4 ,! usefulness ( ?is arrangem5t is obvi\s1 z ! liquids :i* are us$ dur+ ! wa%+ & embalm+ ( ! body run d[n ! grooves--! bo>d be+ rais$ at ! head ab\t "o foot dur+ ! op]ation--& c easily be collect$ 9 a pail plac$ "u ! foot ( ! bo>d4 ,?is w d away ) soil+ ! floor or c>pet1 z is (t5 ! case ) ! common bo>d 9 use4 ,! rim ar\nd ! bo>d w also prev5t any liquid f dripp+ ov] ! sides1 & w save a great deal ( annoyance & tr\ble4 ,! greate/ precaution mu/ be us$ by ! op]ator4 ,all useless & unnecess>y talk mu/ be avoid$ :ile at "w2 ! m9d mu/ be conc5trat$ ^u ! "w 9 h&4 ,! knives1 ne$les & o!r in/rum5ts mu/ be c>efully laid away on a /& )9 easy rea* ( ! op]ator1 & n be left lay+ ab\t ! bo>d1 "u sponges1 t[els1 etc42 ^! might be grasp$ ?\ghtlessly1 & 9 do+ s a ga% might be inflict$1 :i*1 if n fatal1 at all ev5ts w\ld c]ta9ly prove v s]i\s4 ,be=e comm5c+ ! op]ation1 & aft] ! body has be5 ?or\ghly cleans$ ) soap & wat]1 let ! op]ator ano9t & rub 8 h&s ) ei!r l>d or sweet oil2 n s mu* s z to soil any article us$1 b let a vigor\s rubb+ =ce ! oil into ! pores ( ! sk9 until ! h&s are almo/ dry4 ,! eyes & ! m\? be+ c>efully clos$ by ! usual means1 let ! body be well saturat$ ) ! foll[+ solution3 ,sulphate alum9a1 #b lbs4 ,corrosive sublimate1 #b ounces4 ,wat]1 #a gallon4 ,a clo? moi/5$ ) ?is solution may be laid on ! face1 & rema9 :ile ! op]ation is be+ p]=m$4 ,?is solution %\ld n be wip$ (f1 b x %\ld be all[$ to dry on ! body2 ! wat] w evaporate & leave beh9d x a ?9 coat+ ( ! salts1 :i* by p5etrat+ ! pores ( ! sk9 w r5d] x imputrescible4 ,next1 an incision ab\t five or six in*es 9 l5g? is cut transv]sely f "r to left 9 ! abdom9al region1 ov] ! /oma*1 ab\t "o in* 9 a l9e bel[ ! curvature ( ! l[] ribs4 ,?r\gh ?is op5+ is reveal$ ! /oma* on ! "r1 ! liv] & gall bladd] on ! left1 ! transv]se ar* ( ! colon 9 front1 & bel[ ! small] inte/9es4 ,if ! /oma* is di/5d$ ) food or gas1 x mu/ 9 all cases be empti$ ( its cont5ts & inject$4 ,= ?is purpose1 puncture ! walls ( ! /oma* on ! side expos$ to view1 & pass+ ! left h& g5tly betwe5 t organ & ! ribs1 press d[n1 s z to =ce ! cont5ts out & ?r\gh ! op5+ made4 ,!n1 aft] ! /oma* is completely empti$1 inject ) ! foll[+ solution1 :i* we %all designate1 = ! sake ( avoid+ mi/akes1 by ! "n ( ,,embalm+ ,,fluid4 ,corrosive sublimate1 #b ounces4 ,*loride ( z9c1 #d 0 ,creasote1 #d 0 ,alcohol1 #a gallon4 ,! *loride ( z9c & corrosive sublimate mu/ be fir/ dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol1 & ! creasote !n add$4 ,! small inte/9es mu/ !n be g5tly & c>efully drawn out1 & all[$ to lay on ! "r side ( ! abdom52 ?is w reveal 9 ! abdom9al region a cavity1 :i* may or may n be fill$ ) s]um1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,at any rate1 %\ld !re be any liquid1 x mu/ be c>efully pump$ out or spong$ (f until p]fectly dry4 ,! cavity is !n to be spr9kl$ heavily ) tannic acid4 ,! small inte/9es mu/ !n1 & be=e be+ replac$1 be next att5d$ to4 ,if inflat$ ) no?+ b gas1 a simple puncture at diff]5t po9ts1 s z to favor ! escape ( ! gas1 & a mod]ate injection ?r\gh ! ap]ture1 w suffice4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! inte/9e %\ld be f\nd conge/$ ) blood1 or "s o!r sub/ance1 ! cont5ts mu/ be empti$ by ! foll[+ me?od3 ,seize firmly1 betwe5 ! two =ef+]s ( ! left h&1 ! inte/9e1 at ! l[e/ po9t y c rea*1 & ) ! "r h& draw ! inte/9e ?r\gh ! f+]s ( ! left2 ?is w h ! effect ( =c+ ! cont5ts ( ! inte/9e =w>d 9 front ( ! f+]s ( ! left h&4 ,aft] ! matt] has s accumulat$ t ! progress is imp$$1 ! inte/9e mu/ be cut1 ! matt] extract$1 ! "p :i* has ?us be5 empti$1 inject$ ) ! embalm+ fluid1 & !n ti$ up4 ,?is op]ation mu/ be repeat$ until ! :ole ( ! inte/9es1 small & l>ge1 h be5 empti$ & inject$1 & !n ! :ole is to be replac$ into ! cavity4 ,ab\t f\r ounces ( ! embalm+ fluid mu/ be p\r$ ov] ! inte/9es1 & ! w\nd neatly sew$ toge!r4 ,x may be f\nd necess>y be=e clos+ ! op5+ to lay a ?ickness ( cotton batt+ ov] ! b[els & "u ! walls ( ! abdom54 ,%\ld ! lungs be conge/$ ) blood1 !y mu/ be empti$4 ,?is object may be atta9$ ei!r by press+ ^u ! l[] "p ( ! ?orax1 :i* w h ! effect ( =c+ ! blood out ?r\gh ! no/rils & m\?2 or else ! diaphragm sep>at+ ! ?oracic cavity f ! abdom5 may be cut ?r\gh1 & ! extravasat$ blood c !re=e be got out ?r\gh ! op5+4 ,! injection ( ! ?oracic cavity c also be p]=m$ ?r\gh ! same op5+4 ,! utmo/ caution mu/ be us$ 9 p]=at+ ! diaphragm1 z "s ( ! art]ies might be w\nd$ by a c>eless use ( ! knife4 ,! above op]ation may be p]=m$ be=e clos+ ! w\nd 9 ! abdom5 or replac+ ! inte/9e into ! cavity1 z x w !n leave m room to collect ! fluid :i* may escape f ! lungs4 ,! lungs %\ld 9 all cases be well inject$1 ei!r ?r\gh ! tra*ea or by ! process giv5 above4 ,! air passages mu/ be c>efully /opp$ ) cotton4 ,! m\? be+ clos$1 ! no/rils are ab\t ! only air passages :i* require ! att5tion ( ! op]ator4 ,! eyes1 aft] a few days1 are liable to s9k 9 ! sockets1 :i* gives ! body an unnatural appe>ance4 ,mr4 ,john ,c4 ,rulon1 ( ,philadelphia1 has inv5t$ a wax %ell1 :i*1 aft] be+ introduc$ "u ! eyelids1 prev5ts ! s9k+ ( ! eyes4 ,! art]ial sy/em is to be inject$1 & next requires att5tion4 ,be=e comm5c+ to inject ! art]ies1 ! jugul> ve9 on ! left side ( ! neck mu/ be punctur$ s z to all[ ! blood to escape4 ,9 "s subjects1 ! fl[ ( blood w be v copi\s1 9 :i* in/ance ! jugul> ve9s mu/ be op5$ on bo? sides ( ! neck2 at o!r times ! fl[ ( blood w be v limit$1 & ev5 ! op5+ ( ! ve9s has sometimes be5 f\nd q unnecess>y4 ,! femoral art]y is ! vessel g5]ally *os5 = inject+1 at a po9t bel[ ! ar* ab\t eight in*es f & bel[ ,p\p>t's ,ligam5t4 ,aft] ! art]y has be5 rais$1 a small incision is punctur$ into ! coat ( ! art]y1 l>ge en\gh to admit ! nozzle ( ! injector1 & ! canula is c>efully pu%$ upw>ds into x z f> z its l5g? w all[2 ! art]y is !n safely & firmly fa/5$ ar\nd x1 & ev]y?+ is !n ready = inject+4 ,on ! mode ( inject+ dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 ! success ( ! op]ation4 ,) "s ( ! in/rum5ts n[ employ$1 ! pressure ( ! inject+ fluid is s /rong & sudd5 z 9 "s in/ances to rupture ! walls ( ! art]ies at "s weak po9t1 & fill ! cavaties ( ! ?orax & abdom52 sometimes ev5 ! liquid has be5 =c$ 9 ) su* =ce & 9 su* quantities z to bur/ ! art]ies1 &1 aft] fill+ ! *e/1 to p\r out 9 a /ream f ! m\? & no/rils4 ,9 ! above in/ances1 x /&s to reason t nei!r ! art]ial nor v5\s sy/ems h be5 prop]ly inject$4 ,! injection %\ld be p]=m$ 9 a sl[1 regul> mann]4 ,aft] a qu>t ( ! embalm+ fluid 7! composition ( :i* has be5 giv5 above7 has be5 inject$1 ! op]ation %\ld be susp5d$ = ab\t t5 m9utes1 aft] :i* x %\ld be r5ew$ 9 ! same mann]1 until a gallon & a half or two gallons h be5 inject$4 ,sometimes ! quantity inject$ ne$ n be s great1 z = in/ance 9 ! case ( a p]son mu* emaciat$ by long illness1 or if ! subject be a *ild4 ,! jugul> ve9s mu/ be kept op5 s long z ! fl[ ( blood cont9ues1 b !y mu/ be clos$ z soon z ! embalm+ fluid makes its appe>ance4 ,! be/ mann] ( clos+ ! ve9s is by introduc+ into ! jugul>s a small pad ( cotton1 & neatly sew+ up ! op5+4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! clo? moi/5$ ) ! solution = ! face %\ld be kept on1 well saturat$1 :ile ?is op]ation is be+ p]=m$1 & ev5 = a few h\rs aft] ! body has be5 dress$4 ,a body prep>$ 9 ?is mann] has be5 kept1 9 a wood5 c(f91 9 a d>k & mod]ately cool place1 = ! space ( n9e mon?s )\t any p]ceptible *ange4 ,aft] t "t ! %r9k+ ( ! tissues took place1 & ! body 0 sl[ly dry+ up & be+ desiccat$ )\t 9 ! lea/ decay+ or putrefy+4 ,,! ,,art]ial ,,sy/em4 ,to und]/& ?or\ghly ! process ( embalm+ z describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 x w be necess>y to give "h a brief explanation ( ! circulatory sy/em2 also to expla9 ! position ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! visc]a1 to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made4 ,! art]ies comm5ce f ! great art]ial trunk1 call$ ! aorta1 & _! bran*es are di/ribut$ to all p>ts ( ! sy/em2 !y are d5se 9 /ructure1 & pres]ve = ! mo/ "p _! cyl9drical =m :5 empti$ ( _! blood1 :i* is _! condition aft] dea?4 ,! aorta arises f ! left v5tricle1 at ! middle ( ! root ( ! he>t2 x asc5ds at fir/ =w>ds & to ! "r1 !n curves backw>ds & to ! left1 & desc5ds on ! left side ( ! v]tebral column1 to ! f\r? lumb> v]tebra2 "h x is divid$ into ! ar* & desc5d+ aorta4 ,x %\ld be "h rememb]$ t mo/ ( ! bran*es1 :i* spr+ f ! great art]y & ve91 are d\ble1 t is1 ea* "r bran* has a correspond+ "o on ! left side--s t !re are1 = in/ance1 ! "r & left c>otid art]ies1 ! "r & left jugul> ve9s1 etc4 ,f ! ar* ( ! aorta are s5t (f ^? art]ies :i* are di/ribut$ to ! head & arms2 ! pr9cipal ones among ^! are nam$ z foll[s3 ,! c>otid art]y1 :i* asc5ds 9 ! side ( ! neck & divides into ! temporal art]y :i* is di/ribut$ 9 ! temple1 & ! facial art]y :i* supplies ! face1 & also s5ds a bran* call$ ! int]nal c>otid to ! p>ts )9 ! skull4 ,! sub-clavian art]y1 ly+ b5ea? ! clavicle1 or coll> bone--t "p ( ! cont9uation ( ?is art]y :i* passes ?r\gh ! axilla or arm-pit1 is call$ ! axill>y art]y2 its cont9uation 9 ! upp] "p ( ! arm1 ! bra*ial art]y2 & 9 ! =e-arm x divides into ! radial & uln> art]ies1 :i* are di/ribut$ to ! h&s & f+]s4 ,! pr9cipal bran*es ( ! desc5d+ aorta are z foll[s3 ,! iliac art]y1 :i* on pass+ into ! ?igh becomes ! femoral art]y1 &1 9 ! leg divides into ! tibial & p]oneal art]ies1 :i* =m num]\s bran*es = ! supply ( ! leg & foot4 ,be=e divid+ into ! iliac art]ies ! desc5d+ aorta gives (f sev]al important bran*es1 z ! cliac art]y1 f :i* ! /oma* & liv] are suppli$2 ! r5al art]y1 :i* goes to ! kidneys1 & ! mes5t]ic art]y to ! inte/9es2 besides _m o!r sub-divisions 9 v>i\s p>ts ( its c\rse4 ,,! ,,ve9s4 ,! ve9s are ! vessels :i* return ! blood to ! he>t1 aft] x has be5 circulat$ by ! art]ies ?r\gh ! diff]5t tissues ( ! body2 !y are mu* ?9n] 9 /ructure ?an ! art]ies1 s t :5 empti$ ( _! blood !y become flatt5$ & collaps$4 ,! ve9s ( ! trunk may be divid$ into1 ! sup]ior v5a cava1 ) its =mative bran*es1 & ! inf]ior v5a cava ) its =mative bran*es4 ,! sup]ior v5a cava is =m$ by ! junction ( ! "r & left v5a innom9ata2 x is a %ort trunk ab\t ?ree in*es 9 l5g?2 x desc5ds p]p5dicul>ly on ! "r side ( ! ar* ( ! aorta1 & t]m9ates 9 ! upp] "p ( ! "r auricle ( ! he>t4 ,! "r v5a innom9ata receives ! ve9s ( ! neck1 :i* return ! blood f ! head z foll[s3 ,! int]nal1 ext]nal & ant]ior jugul> ve9s--! ext]nal jugul> ve9 be+ ! "o :i* is ord9>ily op5 to let out ! extravasat$ blood f ! head--x w n be amiss to describe its c\rse2 x desc5ds ! neck 9 ! direction ( a l9e drawn f ! angle ( ! l[] jaw to ! middle ( ! clavicle or coll> bone1 & t]m9ates into ! sub-clavian ve92 x is v>iable 9 size1 & replac$ by two ve9s4 ,! sub-clavian ve9 becomes ! axill>y ve9 ne> ! arm-pit1 & op5s into ! bra*ial ve9s d[n to ! b5d ( ! elb[1 :]e x is divid$ into sev]al bran*es :i* supply ! =e-arm & ! h&4 ,! inf]ior v5a cava is =m$ by ! union ( ! two common iliac ve9s2 x asc5ds along ! front ( ! v]tebral column or back bone1 &1 pass+ ?r\gh ! fissure 9 ! po/]ior bord] ( ! liv]1 t]m9ates into ! inf]ior "p ( ! "r auricle ( ! he>t4 ,its bran*es are ! lumb> ve9s1 ?ree or f\r 9 numb]1 :i* collect ! blood f ! muscles & integum5ts ( ! lo9s & sp9al ve9s2 ! r5al ve9s1 :i* return ! blood f ! kidneys1 & ! hepatic ve9s 9 ! liv]4 ,! common iliac ve9s1 :i*1 by _! union =m ! inf]ior v5a cava1 are 9 turn =m$ by ! union ( ! int]nal & ext]nal iliac ve9s2 ! ext]nal iliac ve9 pass+ into ! ?igh becomes ! femoral ve91 & is f\nd 9 ! same %ea? ) ! femoral art]y2 fur!r bel[ x becomes ! popliteal ve92 ab\t "o in* & a half bel[ ,p\p>t's ligam5t 9 ! upp] "p ( ! ?igh1 ! femoral ve9 receives ! int]nal saph5\s ve91 :i* comm5ces at ! inn] side ( ! foot & great toe2 x asc5ds 9 front ( ! inn] ankle & along ! inn] side ( ! leg2 x !n passes beh9d1 & along ! inn] side ( ! ?igh to ! saph5\s op5+1 :]e x pi]ces ! %ea? ( ! femoral vessels & t]m9ates z above /at$1 9 ! femoral ve94 ,! above explanation ( ! circulatory blood vessels is giv5 only = "o side ( ! body--! "r side4 ,! o!r vessels bran*+ (f f ! two great trunks1 ! aorta & ! v5a cava1 on ! left side are ! same1 ) v slight modifications4 ,,dige/ive ,,organs4 ,! sophagus is a slightly flexu\s canal1 incl9+ to ! left 9 ! neck1 to ! "r 9 ! upp] "p ( ! ?orax2 x comm5ces at ! t]m9ation ( ! ph>ynx1 :i* is a musculo-membran\s sac1 ab\t f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 & communicat+ ) ! cavity ( ! nose & m\?2 ! sophagus !n passes beh9d ! ar* ( ! aorta to ! sophagal op5+ 9 ! diaphragm1 :]e x ent]s ! abdom51 & t]m9ates into ! /oma*4 ,! /oma* 9 man is an oblong1 membran\s bag1 plac$ obliquely across ! abdom5 & j bel[ ! diaphragm2 its av]age capacity 9 ! adult is ab\t "o qu>t2 x has two op5+s1 "o t[>ds ! he>t call$ ! c>diac orifice1 :i* receives ! food f ! sophagus1 & ! o!r at ! "r or small end ( ! /oma*1 call$ ! pyloric orifice1 = ! transmission ( food to ! small inte/9es4 ,! small inte/9es1 ab\t tw5ty-five feet 9 l5g?1 are coil$ 9 v>i\s directions1 & t]m9ate into ! l>ge inte/9e1 call$ ! colon1 :i* is ab\t five feet 9 l5g?1 & resembles 9 appe>ance a long sac divid$ into num]\s p\*es4 ,! pancreas is a long n>r[ gl&1 situat$ p>tly beh9d ! "r side ( ! /oma*1 & )9 ! fir/ curve ( ! small inte/9e4 ,! liv] is ! l>ge/ gl& 9 ! body2 x is situat$ on ! "r side1 bel[1 & 9 contact ) ! diaphragm1 & is divid$ into sev]al lobes4 ,at its l[] side is ! gall bladd]1 into :i* ! bile is p\r$ aft] be+ secret$4 ,its duct op5s into a duct lead+ direct f ! liv]1 & =ms ) x ! common bile duct1 ?r\gh :i* ! bile is p\r$ into ! small inte/9e1 at ! same po9t ) ! duct f ! pancreas1 until1 at l5g?1 x is c>ri$ ) ! food into ! l>g] inte/9e or colon1 f :5ce x is excret$ f ! sy/em1 ?r\gh ! rectum4 ,,organs ,,( ,,respiration4 ,! lungs are suppli$ ) air ?r\gh ! l>ynx & ! tra*ea4 ,! l>ynx is an irregul> c>tilag9\s tube1 =m+ ! upp] "p ( ! w9dpipe1 z ! :ole tube is commonly call$4 ,! l>ynx is situat$ imm$iately bel[ ! root ( ! tongue1 & =ms ! protub]ance 9 ! front "p ( ! neck1 call$ ,adam's apple4 ,! tra*ea1 :i* is a cont9uation ( ! l>ynx1 is compos$ ( ab\t eighte5 c>tilag9\s r+s1 connect$ toge!r s z to =m a tube1 :i* is capable ( ma9ta9+ a uni=m size4 ,on ent]+ ! *e/1 ! tra*ea divides into two trunks1 call$ bron*i1 "o ( :i* goes to ! "r1 & ! o!r to ! left1 lung4 ,z soon z ! bron*i ent]s ! lungs !y bran* (f into num]\s divisions & sub-divisions2 _! ultimate extremities t]m9ate 9 air cells4 ,! lungs occupy ! great] "p ( ! *e/1 ! he>t be+ ! only organ ( mu* volume1 :i* x includes 9 x4 ,! *e/1 or ?orax1 is a cavity clos$ on all sides f ! entrance ( air1 & its bony walls af=d an admirable protection to ! delicate organs includ$ )9 x4 ,! walls ( ! ?orax are =m$ by ! brea/-bone 9 front1 by ! ribs & sp9e on ! sides & back1 & by ! diaphragm bel[4 ,! diaphragm1 z has be5 /at$ 9 a previ\s "p ( ?is *apt]1 is a l>ge muscul> p>tition1 :i* sep>ates ! *e/ f ! abdom54 ,! explanations giv5 9 ?is *apt] ^u ! art]ial & v5\s circulation1 also ^u ! names1 places & relations ( ! abdom9al & ?oracic visc]a1 w be f\nd ( ! utmo/ importance1 to und]/& fully ! process ( embalm+ already giv51 & also ! o!r me?ods :i* w be /at$ h]eaft]4 ,al?\gh briefly enunciat$1 ?is review ( ! anatomy ( ! p>ts ( ! human body1 :i* ! embalm] mu/ be conv]sant )1 w be f\nd q suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,x w be se51 t ev5 aft] ! art]ial & v5\s sy/ems h be5 prop]ly inject$1 !re /ill rema9s a prolific s\rce ( putrefaction 9 ! liquids conta9$ 9 ! inte/9es1 & ! ?oracic visc]a2 = in/ance1 ! fecal matt] conta9$ 9 ! inte/9es1 & ! undige/$ food 9 ! /oma* at ! "t ( dea?1 mu/ all be evacuat$1 & ! organs conta9+ !m prop]ly clean$ & inject$1 & unless ?is be done f]m5tation w set 91 & be foll[$ by rapid decay ( ! surr\nd+ tissues4 ,x is true ! art]ies & ve9s ext5d _! bran*es to all p>ts1 & to e organ ( ! body1 b x is also an und5iable fact t ! cont5ts ( ^? organs :i* are prone to putrefy w c>ry ! infection to ! vessels conta9+ !m4 ,! /oma* & b[els are empti$ ( _! cont5ts = ! m]e reason t ^! same cont5ts are already und]go+ a process ( f]m5tation1 :i* w g5]ate into rapid decay & ! emission ( noxi\s gases4 ,9 c]ta9 cases ( consumption1 ! lungs are gangr5\s & decay$ long be=e dea? takes place2 x w !n be f\nd necess>y to introduce ?r\gh ! tra*ea "s antiseptic fluid :i* w /op ! progress ( decay4 ,x is also necess>y t ! names ( ! diff]5t organs m5tion$ 9 ?is "w %\ld be expla9$1 s z to make ! use ( te*nical words compreh5sive to e und]tak] :o is n suppos$ to be famili> ) ! t]ms ( ! dissect+ room or ! human organism 9 g5]al4 ,besides ! k ( ! in=mation giv5 9 ! prec$+ pages w enable ! embalm] to foll[ ! work+s ( ! embalm+ process 9 all its details1 & enable him to discov] ! causes ( failure 9 c]ta9 cases2 also to use ! prop] means 9 ! a*ievem5t ( success4 ,,animal ,,matt]4 ,,pres]vation ,,& ,,putrefaction4 ,f ! great complexity ( ! composition ( animal sub/ances1 _! decomposition is m rapid & its products m div]se ?an 9 ! case ( organic bodies ( vegetable orig94 ,:ile ! c>bon1 hydrog5 & oxyg5 give orig9 to ! v>i\s k9ds ( ulm9e & o!r sub/ances ( ! same class1 ! nitrog5 is g5]ally valu$ z ammonia1 & ! sulphur z sulphurat$ hydrog54 ,x is ! pres5ce ( ^! bodies t give to ! putrefy+ sub/ances ! disagreeable odors by :i* t process is di/+ui%$ f m]e m\ld]+ & rott+4 ,ev5 dur+ life1 ! con/itu5t p>ticles ( ! body are 9 a cont9ual /ate ( *ange1 be+ absorb$ & ?r[n out ( ! sy/em1 :ile o!rs are assimilat$ 9 _! place4 ,any "p ( our con/itu5ts1 liquid or solid1 :i* become unfitt$ = ?is vital function1 is !reby kill$1 & mu/1 if n got rid (1 induce ! dea? ( ! individual4 ,h5ce1 precisely ! same means :i* give to ! animal sub/ances ! fixity ( con/itution :i* belongs to true *emical comp\nds1 & ?us pres]ve !m f decomposition by ! di/urb+ action ( _! own elem5ts 7z :5 we coagulate album5 by an acid1 by corrosive sublimate1 or by sulphate ( copp]71 produce if appli$ to ! liv+ body ! dea? ( ! "p or ! :ole be+ by depriv+ ! blood or ! tissue ( ! mutability ( con/itution1 :i* is requir$ = ! functions ( ! animal frame4 ,x is ?us t ! g5]ality ( metallic poisons act 9 produc+ dea?4 ,be+ absorb$ into ! sy/em1 !y unite ) ! album5 & fibr9e ( ! blood1 & conv]t+ !m into ! insoluble comp\nds :i* we =m 9 ! laboratory1 unfit !m = ! cont9ual absorption & secretive (fices1 :i*1 z organs1 :ile !y live !y mu/ fulfill4 ,if ! injury be local & limit$ 9 ext5t1 ! "p s coagulat$ may be ?r[n (f1 & aft] a c]ta9 "t ! functions return to _! prop] ord]4 ,if ! mass1 or ! importance ( ! affect$ p>ts be great]1 ! sy/em _c s get rid ( ! portions :i* h ?us be5 remov$ f ! ag5cy ( life1 to submit to m]ely *emical laws2 on ! contr>y1 ! vital p[]s ( ! rema9+ portions ( ! animal are s mu* weak5$ 9 ! ef=t t g5]al dea? is caus$4 ,= putrefaction x is ?us necess>y3 #a/4 ,t ! =ce ( vitality :i* gov]ns s completely ! m]e *emical t5d5cies ( ! elem5ts ( our tissues be remov$4 #b;d4 ,t !re %all n be pres5t any p[]ful *emical reag5t ) :i* ! organiz$ mat]ial matt] may ent] into comb9ation & ?us ! divell5t t5d5cies ( ! aff9ities ( its elem5ts be ov]come4 #c;d4 ,t wat] be pres5t 9 ord] to give ! necess>y mobility4 #d?4 ,t oxyg5 be pres5t1 or at lea/ "s o!r gas1 into ! space occupi$ by :i* ! gase\s products may be diffus$2 & la/ly1 t ! temp]ature %all be )9 mod]ate limits1 putrefaction be+ impossible bel[ #cb or above #ahb4 ,! ag5cy ( ! fir/ ( ^! prev5tive p[]s ne$ n be fur!r notic$4 ,! second is ext5sively employ$ = embalm+ purposes1 & 9 ! prep>ation ( bodies = anatomical /udies1 by ba?s1 or injections into ! art]ies ( solutions ( corrosive sublimate1 acetate ( alum9a1 sulphate ( iron1 tann91 wood v9eg>1 & creasote2 ?is la/ body1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to act by direct comb9ation1 b by ! complete 7catalytic7 coagulation x produces 9 all ! tissues ( ! body t h prote9 = _! base4 ,! necessity = ! pres5ce ( wat] is %[n by ! fact t by dry+ ! animal sub/ances !y are completely pres]v$4 ,x is ?us t ! bodies ( ^? p]i%+ 9 ! ,arabian des]ts are recov]$ ye>s subsequ5tly1 dri$1 b completely fre%4 ,alcohol & common salt bo? act 9 ! pres]vation ( bodies by _! aff9ity = wat]4 ,if a piece ( fle% is cov]$ ) salt1 ! wat] gradually passes f ! pores ( ! fle%1 & dissolv+ ! salt =ms a br9e1 :i* does n wet ! fle%1 b trickles (f its surface2 ! wat] necess>y = putrefaction is ?us remov$4 ,f\r?1 by exclud+ oxyg51 ! putrefactive process is ret>d$1 precisely z ! f]m5tative action ( ! glut5 9 grape juice _c beg9 until a c]ta9 quantity ( oxyg5 be absorb$4 ,x is ?us t meat t is seal$ up 9 close vessels & !n boil$ = a mom5t is pres]v$2 ! small quantity ( oxyg5 ( ! air rema9+ !n 9 ! vessel is absorb$1 & ! produce ( t m9ute *ange be+ coagulat$ by heat x _c proce$ f>!r4 ,a high temp]ature /ops putrefaction by coagulat+ ! azotiz$ mat]ials2 a temp]ature bel[ #cb by freez+ ! wat] acts z if ! tissues _h be5 dri$2 9 bo? cases putrefaction is arre/$4 ,dur+ putrefaction1 at a /age prior to any fetid gas be+ evolv$1 a peculi> organic sub/ance is g5]at$1 possess$ ( int5sely poison\s prop]ties1 & ! blood ( p]sons :o h di$ f its effects is f\nd to be q disorganiz$ & irritat+ :5 appli$ to w\nds4 ,?is & ! blood ( ov]-driv5 cattle are f\nd to produce effects simil> to ^? ( v5om\s reptiles1 & ! w\nds receiv$ 9 dissection are sometimes foll[$ by simil> fatal consequ5ces4 ,! communication ( disease 9 ?is way has rec5tly be5 v +5i\sly ascrib$ by ,liebig to ! g5]al pr9ciple ( ! communication ( decomposition by contact4 ,! small quantity ( diseas$ organic matt] orig9ally introduc$ into ! sy/em by absorption1 acts z a f]m5t & reproduces itself 9 ! mass ( ! blood1 until ?is becomes unfitt$ = ! p]=mance ( its functions & ! animal is kill$2 ! active pr9ciple be+ ?us copi\sly pres5t1 is exud$ f ! sk9 & lungs & gives a contagi\s "* to ! disease1 or x rema9s only 9 ! blood1 or is secret$ 9 pu/ules1 con/itut+ infection1 by :i* ! disease may be communicat$ to "s o!r p]son4 ,?is brief enum]ation ( ! process ( putrefaction w1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 elucidate ! process ( embalm+ giv5 9 ?is book2 x %[s t ! diff]5t me?ods h]e9 expla9$1 fulfill ! conditions necess>y to /op ! progress ( decomposition4 ,a mo/ important po9t1 & "o :i* ought n to be pass$ ^u )\t s]i\s consid]ation is1 ! communication ( disease by contact & absorption4 ,9 a =m] "p ( ?is "w1 x has be5 sugge/$ t too mu* c>e _c be us$ 9 h&l+ ! bodies ( p]sons :o h di$ ( c]ta9 diseases1 especially :5 _! bodies are to be subject$ to ! embalm+ process1 :i* op]ation is r5d]$ extremely dang]\s to ! embalm] f ! fact t ! h&s mu/1 p]=ce1 come into direct contact ) ! d5ud$ tissues1 ! blood1 or "s vitiat$ secretion ( ! body4 ,we %all1 9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 f9d in/ances :5 ! decomposition ( c]ta9 p>ts ( ! body has tak5 place ev5 be=e dea?4 ,x is obvi\s t 9 su* cases ! utmo/ caution is necess>y to avoid s]i\s results4 ,,?rombosis ,,& ,,embolism4 ,sometimes dur+ life1 "s portion ( ! body is 9 a condition ( gangr5e1 t is1 ! tissues are n only dead1 b decompos+4 ,) ! evolution ( gases1 ! s(t5+ & liquefaction ( ! solid p>ts1 & ! developm5t ( m9ute organisms1 ei!r animal or vegetable4 ,! bodies ( p]sons :o h di$ f su* causes1 decompose ) unusual rapidity4 ,! inn] coats ( ! vessels are (t5 /a9$ ) ! color+ matt] ( ! blood4 ,! visc]a are s(t & flabby1 ! /oma* may be swoll51 & ! kidneys conge/$ & deg5]at$4 ,p :o h suppurat+ w\nds or abscesses may1 )\t mu* *ange 9 ! w\nds or abscesses1 be seiz$ ) rigors foll[$ by fev]1 become jaundic$ & die4 ,9 su* p]sons aft] dea?1 ! same t5d5cy to rapid decomposition1 & all ! symptoms ( ! prec$+ cases are to be f\nd4 ,!re is no way ( acc\nt+ = ! rapid decay 9 ! prec$+ cases1 except by suppos+ t ! pus f ! orig9al w\nd or abscess 9 "s way infects ! sy/em1 & r5d]s ! tissues prone to putrefy4 ,!re is ano!r modifi$ condition ( ! body v diff]5t f ! two prec$+4 ,ei!r 9 consequ5ce ( w\nds1 injuries1 inflammations1 abnormal conditions ( ! sy/em1 or *anges 9 ! v5\s walls1 ! blood may become coagulat$ dur+ life & =m ?rombi 9 ! ve9s4 ,^! ?rombi may become organiz$1 or !y may s(t51 break d[n1 & _! fragm5ts be c>ri$ into ! circulation2 by _! me*anical action 9 ob/ruct+ ! vessels1 !y produce extravasation ( blood4 ,by ! irritative "* ( ! ?rombi !mselves1 !y excite inflammatory action 9 ! adjo9+ tissues2 9 ?is way are produc$ multiple abscesses4 ,!re=e1 we f9d 9 p]sons :o die "u su* conditions1 abscesses 9 ! bra91 he>t1 lungs1 kidneys & inte/9es2 fur!r we may f9d purul5t inflammation & abscesses 9 ! connective tissues4 ,x is n[ necess>y to expla9 ! nature & composition ( bo? ! ?rombus & embolus1 & h[1 ?r\gh _! me*anical ag5cy1 ! process ( embalm+ may become s]i\sly impair$1 if n altoge!r arre/$4 ,a ?rombus is a clot1 compos$ pr9cipally ( ! fibr9e ( ! blood1 =m$ dur+ life 9 ! cavities ( ! he>t1 ! art]ies1 ! ve9s1 or ! capill>ies4 ,an embolus is a solid body1 usually a portion ( a ?rombus1 c>ri$ by ! blood curr5t into "s art]y or capill>y1 & becomes fix$ !re4 ,a ?rombus may entirely fill ! cavity ( a vessel1 or x may only =m a lay] on its wall1 or x may project f a small] vessel into a l>g] "o4 ,an embolus may completely or only p>tly plug up a vessel2 x may rema9 alone or a ?rombus may be =m$ ar\nd x4 ,a ?rombus may m]ely become h>d] & :it] 9 "t1 or x may become organiz$1 or x may deg5]ate1 s(t51 & *ange into a mass ( puri=m fluid & gangr5\s look+ fibr9e1 or x may calcify4 ,! production ( ?rombi is due to v>i\s causes4 7#a47 ,spontane\s ?rombi are produc$ by any cause :i* s]i\sly weak5s ! :ole sy/em1 z old age & *ronic exhau/ive diseases4 ,!y are usually =m$ 9 ! ve9s ( ! l[] limbs & pelvis1 & 9 ! s9uses ( ! dura mat]4 7#b47 ,compression ( ! vessels by ligatures1 tumors1 dislocat$ bones1 & inflammatory exudation4 ,pneumonia may produce ?rombosis ( ! pulmon>y ve9s4 ,ph?isis may produce ?rombosis ( ! pulmon>y art]ies4 7#c47 ,?rombi may =m into capill>ies or small ve9s1 & increase until !y project into l>g] ve9s4 7#d47 ,x may also =m :5 !re is inflammation1 especially ( a gangr5\s & suppurative nature1 9 ! p>ts ar\nd a vessel4 ,! causes ( embolism are also v>i\s4 7#a47 ,fragm5ts ( ?rombi 9 ! ve9s are ! mo/ frequ5t mat]ial ( emboli4 7#b47 ,?rombi ( ! he>t1 vegetations on ! valves & on ! walls ( ! aorta4 7#c47 ,portions ( ! inn]-coat ( ! aorta may become deta*$ & =m an embolus2 also portions ( tumors :i* project 9 ! ve9s1 & fat may =m emboli4 ,9 a consid]able numb] ( cases1 x is impossible to f9d any s\rce = embolus4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 9 emboli1 9 connection ) w\nds1 t n only ! ve9s ( ! w\nd$ region are to be exam9$1 b also ^? ( ! pelvis4 ,! consequ5ces ( ?rombosis v>y ) ! situation ( ! clot2 ?rombi 9 ! art]ies produce ei!r a lack ( circulation 9 ! region suppli$ by ! art]y1 or else int5se conge/ion f ! collat]al circulation4 ,lat] !re may be inflammatory *anges1 s(t5+1 or gangr5e4 ,?rombi 9 ! ve9s produce inflammation 9 & ar\nd ! ve91 ?ick5+ ( ! sk9 & connective tissue1 gangr5e & hemorrhage4 ,! consequ5ces ( embolism v>y ) ! "* ( ! embolus & its situation4 ,a simple plug ( fibr9e 9 a vessel only produces *anges 9 ! circulation1 b a plug f a gangr5\s ?rombus has a t5d5cy to excite suppurative inflammation :]ev] x lodges4 ,! size ( ! art]y ?us ob/ruct$1 & ! "* ( its collat]al circulation also lead to a v>iety ( results4 ,if a l>ge art]y is /opp$1 ! "p becomes empty2 if a small "o ! "p may become extravasat$ ) blood f ! collat]al circulation4 ,?us1 if ! l>ge art]ies supply+ ! extremities are ob/ruct$1 p>alysis ( ! muscles1 & f9ally dry gangr5e1 ensue4 ,emboli ( ! pulmon>y art]ies produce sudd5 dea?2 ( ! coron>y art]ies1 sudd5 dea?2 ( ! c]ebral art]ies1 s(t5+ ( ! bra92 ( ! ret9a1 sudd5 bl9dness2 ( ! mes5t]ic art]ies1 conge/ion & gangr5e ( ! inte/9es4 ,abscesses are also produc$4 ,?is takes place :5 ! embolus is ( an irritative & gangr5\s nature4 ,l>ge abscesses are only f\nd 9 ! lungs & liv]1 !re=e ! me*anical results ( an embolus produce ! foll[+ condition ( affairs3 ,a set ( vessels are fir/ empti$ ( _! blood1 & ! nutrition ( _! walls ?us impair$2 aft] a "t ^! vessels are fill$ up f ! ve9s1 _! abnormal walls c no long] resi/ ! blood pressure1 & hemorrhage takes place4 ,aft] an hemorrhagic infraction is =m$1 ! subsequ5t *anges are ( a deg5]ative "*4 ,! blood loses its color+ matt] & breaks d[n into a mass ( granules1 =m+ a dry1 yell[1 w$ge-%ap$ mass1 or x may break d[n & =m into a puri=m fluid1 or x may be surr\nd$ by a zone ( inflammation or ( gangr5e4 ,! above condition ( ! sy/em w expla9 :y & "u ! circum/ances enum]at$1 ! injection ( a blood vessel may be br\ght to a sudd5 /op )\t any app>5t cause1 & ! inject+ fluid fl[ back t[>ds ! inject+ po9t4 ,! v>i\s causes = su* a result h be5 cle>ly demon/rat$1 b ) ! k ( ^! causes z previ\s /at$1 ! rem$y c be appli$ )\t mu* tr\ble4 ,x c be e/imat$ by ! am\nt ( fluid inject$1 ab\t to :at ext5t ! vessel has be5 fill$1 & by foll[+ its c\rse ! po9t :]e ! ob/ruction is1 c be easily asc]ta9$4 ,by reop5+ ! vessel at a po9t above1 ! injection may /ill be c>ri$ on successfully1 or ! correspond+ vessel on ! o!r side ( ! body may be us$ = t purpose4 ,x is !n t ev5 a limit$ am\nt ( k ( anatomy ( ! human body w be f\nd ( imm5se advantage to ! op]ator1 inasmu* z x w trace ! cause ( action1 to be foll[$ 9 ?is case1 & w enable him to d s ) success4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 too great a pressure is br\ght to be>1 s z to remove ! ob/ruction by ! m]e weight ( ! fluid inject$1 ! walls ( ! vessel may n be able to resi/ ! /ra91 & ! inject+ fluid loses itself 9 ! surr\nd+ tissue & cavities1 !reby fail+ to accompli% its mission4 ,,process ,,( ,,embalm+4 ,! foll[+ process is m labori\s & requires m "t ?an ! "o already giv51 b at ! same "t x is m complete & la/+1 & :5 ! op]ation is skillfully & prop]ly p]=m$1 ! body may be said to be embalm$ = an indef9ite p]iod ( "t4 ,b to c>ry out ?is process to a successful issue1 x w be f\nd /rictly necess>y to /udy well1 & be> 9 m9d1 all ! details ( ! op]ation4 ,x w\ld be impossible to omit any "p ( ! process & /ill expect ! same results1 =1 aft] repeat$ exp]im5ts & trials "u favorable & adv]se circum/ances1 ! result has always prov$ to be ! same4 ,/ill1 ?is process is regulat$ by ! same laws & gov]n$ by ! same conditions :i* affect a body "u all circum/ances4 ,an explanation ( ^! conditions has already be5 giv51 & x w be f\nd t a ?or\gh k ( ^! w mat]ially assi/ ! op]ator 9 8 "w4 ,let u suppose1 = "o mom5t1 t a man entirely unacqua9t$ ) ! causes :i* may affect ! morbid conditions ( ! ve9s & art]ies1 goes recklessly on1 & comm5ces to inject "s "p ( ! circulat+ sy/em2 if t sy/em is 9 a normal condition ! injection w prove successful2 if n1 ! wor/ consequ5ces may foll[4 ,h[ is he !n to rem$y 8 mi/ake8 ,8 v limit$ k1 if he has any1 w be ( no avail to him4 ,x is 9 ! lack ( a suffici5t und]/&+ ( ! human organism t ! cause ( _m failures is to be f\nd4 ,:5 ! prop] antiseptics are us$1 ! fault does n lie 9 ! ineffici5cy1 b 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y h be5 employ$4 ,x is unnecess>y to repeat "h :at we h be=e /at$1 t 9 ord] to und]/& ?or\ghly ! process ( embalm+1 ! op]ator mu/ make himself famili> ) ! explanations already giv51 & also ) ^? :i* %all be f\nd h]eaft]4 ,x w be se5 9 ! foll[+ pages t ! mode ( treatm5t to :i* ! body is subject$ 9 ?is process1 is entirely diff]5t f t :i* has already be5 giv54 ,! complet5ess ( ?is process w be readily und]/ood aft] a c>eful /udy ( its details1 & if /rictly foll[$ 9 e p>ticul>1 w be f\nd n only satisfactory 9 its results1 b also la/+ = an indef9ite p]iod ( "t4 ,x is well en\gh to say "h1 t a metallic casket is n requir$ to assi/ 9 keep+ ! body aft] x has be5 treat$ accord+ to ! foll[+ me?od4 ,q ! rev]se1 a wood5 casket w answ] ! purpose mu* bett]1 z ! body is r5d]$ p]fectly inaccessible to ! attacks ( ! ambi5t atmosph]e by ! ext]nal cov]+ :i* encases ! body1 9 its transp>5t & ela/ic coat+1 imp]vi\s alike to air & moi/ure4 ,! body %\ld be plac$ on a table ab\t f\r feet high1 & elevat$ ne>ly six in*es at ! head2 x mu/ be "h borne 9 m9d t1 to p]=m ! foll[+ op]ation successfully1 ! op]ator %\ld be left alone to 8 "w1 9 a room free f intrusion1 :]e idle que/ion+ f /&]s by1 or ! talk ( ! usual r\t9e ( bus9ess1 w n di/urb him4 ,& z x may require "s "t to complete ! "w1 x 7 bett] t ! rema9s 7 br\ght to ! und]tak]'s e/abli%m5t1 :]e !re is g5]ally1 or ought to be1 a room set ap>t = ?is bran* ( ! bus9ess4 ,! body is fir/ wa%$ clean ) soap & tepid wat]1 s z to remove e p>ticle ( fat or greasy sub/ance :i* might ob/ruct ! pores ( ! sk91 & !reby prev5t ! salts conta9$ 9 ! ba?+ lotion to p5etrate ! tissues & produce ! desir$ effect4 ,! body mu/ !n be ?or\ghly dri$ by means ( clean t[els1 & be well saturat$ ) ! foll[+ lotion3 ,acetate ( ,alum9a1 #a p\nd4 ,sulphate ( ,iron1 #d ounces4 ,corrosive ,sublimate1 #b ounces4 ,wat]1 #a gallon4 ,! body is to be kept con/antly moi/ ) ! a=esaid solution1 & z soon z evaporation has dri$ up ! surface ( ! sk91 a new application ( ! solution becomes necess>y2 9 fact1 ! process %\ld come z ne> complete imm]sion z possible4 ,! eyes mu/ be well clos$4 ,to avoid ! s9k+1 :i* aft] a c]ta9 "t mu/ inevitably take place1 & :i* w disfigure ! be/ prep>$ corpse1 ,i w\ld "h sugge/ ! use ( ! wax %ells1 to be ins]t$ "u ! eyelids--^! %ells1 z /at$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 are manufactur$ by ,,john ,c4 ,,rulon1 ( ,philadelphia1 & c be _h by ! quantity on v mod]ate t]ms--to keep ! eyelids 9 _! place2 ! outside ( ! %ell mu/ be coat$ ) :ite gum %ellac1 dissolv$ 9 alcohol4 ,aft] ! ins]tion ( ! %ells ?us coat$1 ! lids are br\ght toge!r & held 9 place by ! f+]s4 ,%elac dries quick1 & 9 ab\t five m9utes' "t x w be f\nd t ! gum has acquir$ en\gh ( consi/5cy to hold ! lids toge!r4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse x w get h>d] 9 "t & prev5t ! lids f />t+ ap>t4 ,! op]ator w !n cut a /raight l9e ?r\gh ! sk9 ) a scalpel1 ! l9e to ext5d f ! sup]ior "p ( ! /]num to ! umbilical region4 ,ano!r incision ( ! sk9 is to be made at "r angles f ! fir/1 ab\t six in*es 9 l5g?1 & "o in* bel[ ! l[] b5d ( ! la/ rib4 ,!n1 ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! left h&1 seize ! sk9 firmly at a po9t :]e ! two l9es int]sect ea* o!r1 & ) ! scalpel held 9 ! "r h&1 c>efully sep>ate ! sk9 f ! fascia und]nea?4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ on ! f\r sides1 & ! flaps ( ! sk9 turn$ ov] ! sides ( ! body4 ,?is w leave expos$ to view a diamond %ap$ op5+ ( ! epid]mis1 ) its apex rea*+ above to ! sup]ior portions ( ! /]num1 & ! l[e/ angle rea*+ to )9 two in*es ( ! navel2 ! two lat]al po9ts ext5d on bo? sides ( ! body f ! region ( ! /oma* to ! liv]1 & almo/ imm$iately above ! transv]se ar* ( ! colon4 ,to cut ?r\gh ! abdom9al fascia1 c>efully puncture x above ! /oma*1 s ! op5+ w be l>ge en\gh to admit ! =ef+] ( ! "r h& be+ introduc$ ?r\gh ! op5+2 !n hold+ ! scalpel ) its edge upw>ds1 ! back re/+ along ! ext5d$ =ef+]1 introduce bo? into op5+1 & cut f d[nw>d upw>ds into ! fascia ( ! abdom5 9 a /raight l9e across f ! /oma* to ! liv] 9 a simil> way to t above describ$ = cutt+ ?r\gh ! sk94 ,?is la/ incision is to foll[ ! same c\rse z ! "o cut 9 ! epid]mis1 & w ext5d f "o to ! o!r lat]al angles ( ! diamond %ap$ op5+ 9 ! sk94 ,?is op5+ w reveal ! /oma* on ! left1 ! liv] on ! "r1 & ! transv]se ar* ( ! colon imm$iately b5ea?4 ,!n ano!r cleav+ ( ! fascia is to be p]=m$1 d[nw>ds & 9 a simil> mann]1 f ! middle ( ! transv]se op5+ to )9 two in*es ( ! navel2 ?is la/ op5+ exposes ! small inte/9es4 ,! reason :y ! cutt+ ( ! fascia ( ! abdom5 %\ld be p]=m$ 9 ?is mann]1 t is1 ) ! scalpel be+ held edge upw>ds along ! ext5d$ =ef+]1 is obvi\s2 ! =ef+] 9 ?is case acts z a guide to ! scalpel 9 divid+ ! tissues1 & also protects ! visc]a f be+ w\nd$ by ! %>p po9t ( ! knife4 ,! abdom9al visc]a be+ ?us expos$1 ! lungs1 he>t & o!r p>ts ( ! ?oracic visc]a mu/ also be uncov]$4 ,= ?is purpose1 & ) ! c>tilage knife sep>ate ! ribs f ! /]num ab\t two in*es on ei!r side ( ! latt]2 comm5c+ f ! second rib d[n to ! la/ "o1 & ext5d+ to ! transv]se op5+ made 9 ! abdom51 x w be f\nd t ! ribs at t di/ance f ! /]num are atta*$ to x by a c>tilage1 :i* x is v easy to cut 9 *ildr51 h>d] 9 adults1 & x may sometimes be indisp5sable to use a saw on old p]sons4 ,?is cutt+ ?r\gh ! ribs mu/ be c>efully p]=m$1 = fe> ( w\nd+ "s ( ! organs :i* lay imm$iately b5ea? & aga9/ ! ribs4 ,! /]num be+ ?us fre$ f ! ribs1 x c be turn$ back ov] & aga9/ ! face1 & w reveal ?r\gh ! op5+ ?us made1 ! lungs1 ! he>t1 ! ar* ( ! aorta1 etc4 ,! op]ator %\ld use extreme caution :il/ p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 z ! jagg$ & %>p edges ( ! ribs might cut ?r\gh ! sk9 & inflict a w\nd1 %\ld ! h& be sudd5ly br\ght 9 contact ) !m4 ,x is also necess>y to enjo9 aga9 =cibly1 ! recomm5dation made be=e1 ( keep+ ! body well saturat$ ) ! lotion :ile ! "w is progress+4 ,! b[els mu/ !n be c>efully displac$1 & all fluid or s]um f\nd betwe5 or "u ! inte/9es be completely spong$ out2 ! inte/9es mu/ also be empti$ ( _! cont5ts by ! process :i* has already be5 giv5 9 ! fir/ me?od ( embalm+2 also ! /oma*1 ! gall bladd]1 all ! organs1 9 fact1 :i* conta9 =eign elem5ts prone to putrefy4 ,! bladd] c be empti$ ( ! ur9e by means ( a ca!t]1 introduc$ into ! ur9>y canal4 ,all ! organs :i* %all h be5 empti$ ( _! cont5ts1 z also ! inte/9es1 ! bladd]1 & ! o!rs1 mu/ be inject$ ) ! foll[+ solution1 or embalm+ liquid3 ,corrosive ,sublimate1 #b ounces4 ,*loride ( ,z9c1 #c ounces4 ,alcohol1 gallon4 ,dissolve ! corrosive sublimate & ! *loride ( z9c into ! alcohol2 !n aft] ! salts are completely dissolv$1 add ,pyroligne\s ,acid1 gallon4 ,creasote1 #d ounces4 ,/ir briskly ) ei!r a glass or wood5 rod & ! liquid is ready = use4 ,! above solution1 :i* ought always to be prep>$ 9 advance & kept on h&1 mu/ be enclos$ 9 gre5 glass bottles1 well /opp]$1 & kept 9 a d>k & cool place4 ,metallic vessels %\ld nev] be us$ to hold ! embalm+ liquid2 nei!r ! solution employ$ to ba! ! body4 ,a glass or *9a vessel mu/ be us$ 9 ei!r case4 ,z to punctur+ ! diff]5t organs = ! purpose ( empty+ _! cont5ts1 ! mann] = do+ s has cle>ly be5 giv5 9 ! fir/ process = embalm+ bodies1 b great c>e mu/ always be us$ s z n to p]=ate any ( ! vessels ( ! circulatory sy/em4 ,! next /ep is to inject ! art]ial sy/em4 ,= ?is purpose a diff]5t po9t = inject+ ! sy/em is select$ f ! "o po9t$ out 9 ! =m] process4 ,by remov+ ! small inte/9es out1 & on ! "r side ( ! body ! desc5d+ bran* ( ! aorta is expos$ to view4 ,9 its c\rse d[nw>ds1 ! aorta lies on ! v]tebral column to ! left ( ! middle l9e1 & t]m9ates on ! f\r? lumb> v]tebra1 by divid+ into ! two common iliac art]ies4 ,! desc5d+ bran* ( ! aorta is !n punctur$ s z to admit ! nozzle ( ! injector2 ?is is introduc$ into ! op5+ 9 an upw>d direction1 & ! walls ( ! art]y are !n ti$ firmly1 b n s z to cut ?r\gh1 ar\nd ! nozzle4 ,aft] ! art]y has be5 ?us prep>$1 & be=e inject+1 ! v5a cava mu/ be p]=at$ at a po9t correspond+ ) ! incision practic$ 9 ! desc5d+ portion ( ! aorta :]e ! nozzle ( ! injector is ins]t$4 ,! inf]ior v5a cava asc5ds along ! front ( ! v]tebral column1 & to ! "r ( ! abdom9al aorta4 ,! object ( sev]+ ?is ve9 is to give ! blood 9 ! upp] portions ( ! body a means ( escape1 z ! fluid is =c$ ?r\gh & up ! art]ies ( t "p & return+ ?r\gh ! ve9s =ces ! blood ?r\gh ! op5+4 ,aft] ! upp] portion ( ! body has be5 inject$ ) ab\t half a gallon ( ! embalm+ liquid1 ! nozzle ( ! injector mu/ be rev]s$ & ! l[] p>ts inject$ 9 a simil> mann] ) ab\t ! same am\nt ( liquid2 ! injection mu/ !n be /opp$ = ! space ( ab\t ?ree h\rs1 & all ! blood :i* may h escap$ f ! op5+ made 9 ! v5a cava into ! cavity ( ! inte/9es mu/ be spong$ out z x fills up ! space left4 ,! mode ( inject+ is also ( extreme importance4 ,! injection %\ld be done sl[ly & /eadily1 z a /rong1 sudd5 =c+ up ( ! liquid into ! art]ies might occasion a rupture ( _! walls %\ld "s po9t be weak5$ f "s cause aris+ f previ\s sickness1 or f lesions z describ$ 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,! injection may !n be r5ew$ & m liquid be inject$1 until a suffici5t quantity has be5 us$4 ,z !re are no rules laid d[n = ! am\nt ( liquid to be inject$1 x is left altoge!r to ! discrim9ation & good judgm5t ( ! op]ator4 ,! bodies ( *ildr5 & old p]sons w require less liquid ?an adults up to ! age ( =ty4 ,! bodies ( p]sons kill$ by accid5t or "s sudd5 cause1 w require a l>g] am\nt ( liquid ?an ^? ( p]sons :o are emaciat$ by long illness1 z1 = in/ance1 consumption4 ,aft] ! art]ial & v5\s sy/em h be5 ?us completely inject$1 ! inte/9es mu/ be replac$ 9 ! abdom9al cavity4 ,! bra9s mu/ next be remov$1 & ?is op]ation is "o :i* requires extreme caution1 z w be se5 by ! foll[+ explanation ( ! process4 ,! body is turn$ on ! "r side1 &1 by means ( a treph9e1 a r\nd hole is cut into ! back ( ! skull1 ab\t two in*es above ! c]ebellum2 ! piece ( bone ?us tak5 out is pres]v$ s z to be replac$ into ! op5+ aft] ! op]ation is f9i%$4 ,previ\s to cutt+ ?r\gh ! skull1 a small incision 9 ! %ape ( a cross1 ab\t two in*es 9 l5g?1 ea* way1 mu/ be cut 9 ! sk94 ,! object ( ?is is to leave ! bone d5ud$ aft] ! sk9 has be5 deta*$ f ! bone1 & also to br+ ! p>ts toge!r by sew+1 aft] ! bra9 has be5 remov$4 ,?r\gh ! op5+ ?us made 9 ! skull1 ! bra91 or ! portion ( x :i* c be rea*$1 is easily remov$ by means ( a small1 sl5d] spoon1 ) a long h&le1 made = ! purpose4 ,! cavity ?us made 9 ! head is to be fill$ ) ! foll[+3 ,take two gallons or m ( wat]1 & saturate ) alum1 z mu* z x w dissolve2 !n mix ) pla/] ( p>is to ! consi/5cy ( v ?9 pa/e1 & fill ! cavity ( ! bra92 "s cotton may !n be introduc$ to keep ! mixture inside2 ! r\nd piece ( bone cut f ! skull is !n replac$1 ! flaps ( ! cut 9 ! sk9 br\ght toge!r & neatly sew$ up2 if ?is op]ation is c>efully p]=m$1 ! cuts ?us made _c be p]ceiv$ "u ! hair4 ,great caution %\ld be ex]cis$ :ile remov+ ! bra91 9 n w\nd+ any ( ! ve9s & art]ies :i* are inside t "p ( ! skull1 & ) a little c>e ?is c be easily avoid$4 ,! body is !n turn$ aga9 on ! back1 9 ! =m] position1 & all ! cavities 9 ! ?orax & ! abdom51 betwe5 & "u ! inte/9es1 ! liv]1 ! lungs & ! he>t1 mu/ be well clean$ & dri$ ) a sponge ( all liquid or s]um t might be f\nd2 pulv]ize "s tannic acid into f9e p[d]1 & spr9kle heavily ar\nd & betwe5 ! organs ( ! ?orax & ! abdom52 ! /]num is !n replac$ ov] ! ?oracic op5+1 ! flaps ( ! sk9 tempor>ily br\ght back ov] ! abdom51 & ! body1 be+ envelop$ 9 a %eet or "s l95 clo?1 well saturat$ ) ! lotion = ! face z giv5 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is *apt]4 ,! face1 h&s1 feet1 9 fact e in* ( ! surface ( ! body1 above & "u1 is to be cov]$ ) ! clo?1 tightly wrapp$ ar\nd x & well saturat$ z above direct$4 ,! body mu/ be kept 9 ?is condition = ab\t twelve h\rs1 :5 ! clo? is to be remov$2 ! /]num is !n rais$ aga9 & ! sk9 ov] ! abdom5 ?r[n back2 a mixture ( pla/] ( p>is & alum1 prep>$ z describ$ above1 is !n p\r$ ov] ! :ole ( ! ?oracic & abdom9al visc]a1 be+ c>eful to fill completely all ! int]/ices exi/+ betwe5 & "u ! diff]5t organs & ! inte/9es4 ,?is composition1 or cem5t1 mu/ be br\ght up to a level ) ! ribs 9 ! ?orax1 & cov] ! visc]a 9 ! abdom52 aft] ! cem5t is set1 or ne>ly s1 spr9kle a pl5tiful quantity ( p[d]$ tannic acid on ! top ( x4 ,!n br+ ! /]num d[n to its prop] place betwe5 ! ribs1 & also ! int]nal fascia ( ! abdom5 ov] ! visc]a2 & la/1 ! flaps ( ! sk9 are br\ght toge!r & neatly sew$ up1 tak+ a /it* alt]nately "u & above ! sk94 ,%\ld ! m\? h a t5d5cy to rema9 op51 or ! lips be too f> ap>t1 sew ! lips toge!r ) surgeon silk1 pass+ ! ne$le up inside ( ! lip1 ne> ! gums1 also ?r\gh ! ne!r lip 9 a simil> mann]1 f "o corn] ( ! m\? to ! o!r1 :]e ! la/ /it* c be ti$ up 9 a slip knot4 ,be=e ! m\? is sew$ up x is always necess>y to fill ! inside ( ! m\? ) cotton1 well saturat$ ) embalm+ fluid4 ,9 case a great numb] or all ! back tee? be miss+1 :i* might cause a s9k+ ( ! *eeks1 & !reby to a great ext5t disfigure ! body1 introduce "s cotton1 prep>$ z above1 betwe5 ! gums & ! *eeks2 x w give ! body an appe>ance m natural1 & less emaciat$4 ,?is rule ought to be appli$ n only 9 embalm+1 b also at ord9>y times4 ,:5 lay+ out a corpse1 ! m\rn]s & fri5ds ( ! family w always appreciate any?+ ( ! k9d1 :i* t5ds to beautify ! rema9s & dive/ dea? ( its hide\sness4 ,! no/rils mu/ also be fill$ ) ! same composition ( alum & pla/] ( p>is2 let ! cem5t be ?9 en\gh 9 ?is case1 s x may be inject$ into ! nasal fossea by means ( an ,india rubb] syr+e1 until ! no/rils are completely full2 !n hold x 9 place ) "s cotton wads saturat$ ) embalm+ fluid4 ,aft] ! body has be5 s f> prep>$1 x rema9s to encase x into a transp>5t & ela/ic cov]+1 :i* w prev5t ! attacks f ! atmosph]e1 &1 at ! same "t1 r5d] ! body imp]vi\s to moi/ure4 ,= ?is purpose1 procure f "s fir/-class druggi/ "s ,canada balsam 7x mu/ be fre% & p]fectly colorless1 z x is prone to gr[ ?ick & yell[ 9 "t72 !n procure a vessel--a glass j> ) l>ge m\? %\ld be pref]r$2 ?is j> %\ld be l>ge en\gh to hold twice ! am\nt ( ,canada balsam on h&2 br+ ! j> ne> ! fire1 if x is 9 w9t]1 & submit ! balsam to a g5tle heat until x is liquefi$2 s soon z ! balsam has atta9$ ! consi/5cy ( ?9 honey1 add to x ! same am\nt ( ! be/ spirits ( turp5t9e t c be obta9$1 & /ir ) a glass rod until ! balsam & turp5t9e h be5 ?or\ghly mix$2 !n apply ! mixture on ! body by means ( a camels-hair bru%1 v wide1 & simil> 9 %ape to ! bru%es g5]ally employ$ = moi/5+ ! pap] us$ 9 copy+ lett]s4 ,a s+le ?9 lay] ( ?is mixture is q suffici5t1 & %\ld be ev5ly appli$ to any "p ( ! body1 :]e ! gr[? ( hair is n suffici5t to exclude ! approa* ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x w require b a v %ort "t = ?is v>ni% to dry1 & !n ! body w be ready = ei!r burial 9 a crypt1 easy ( access1 or = transportation to "s =eign c\ntry4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ! organic tissues w dry & desiccate1 ! bony prom95t p>ts ( ! jo9ts may become m angul\s1 ! sk9 may assume a slightly yell[ t+e1 b ! features w always be natural & recognizable2 ! sk9 w nev] %rivel up & %r9k back1 expos+ ! tee?1 z is g5]ally ! case ) ! ,egyptian mummies2 &1 above all1 putrefaction ) all its repulsive hide\s accessories1 w nev] take place2 nor w noxi\s gases or (f5sive odors be emitt$4 ,a wood5 casket w also be f\nd pref]able to a metallic "o1 z ! free admission ( air w favor ! dry+ up ( ! tissues & ! absorption ( :atev] little moi/ure :i* might f9d its way out ( ! only op5+ n h]metically seal$--! m\?4 ,und]tak]s w f9d ?is process to be1 )\t any exception1 ! be/ me?od ( embalm+ ev] employ$2 bodies prep>$ z above c be %ipp$ to ! mo/ di/ant po9ts across ! seas2 or1 c be pres]v$ = an indef9ite p]iod ( "t 9 "s family vault1 :]e ! surviv+ memb]s c at any "t obta9 a vision ( ! body )\t hav+ _! s5sibilities %ock$ by ! horrible picture ( sl[ly decompos+ animal matt]4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 t1 if ! above process is sl[1 long & t$i\s1 requir+ a good deal ( labor & delicate h&l+1 ! results obta9$ are equally important1 & ! comp5sation comm5surate ) ! magnitude ( ! und]tak+4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,t]ms4 ,/]num4--,"o ( ! bones ( ! ?orax2 is situat$ 9 ! middle l9e 9 ! front ( ! *e/1 & is oblique 9 direction1 ! sup]ior end ly+ )9 a few in*es ( ! v]tebral column1 ! inf]ior be+ project$ =w>d s z to be plac$ at a consid]able di/ance f ! sp9e4 ,! bone is flat or slightly concave 9 front1 & m>k$ by five transv]se l9es1 :i* indicate its orig9al sub-division into six pieces4 ,x is convex beh9d1 broad & ?ick above1 :]e x pres5ts a concave bord]1 & n>r[ at its junction ) ! middle piece4 ,x is divid$ into ! sup]ior piece or manubrium1 ! middle piece or body1 & ! inf]ior piece1 :i* is ! smalle/ ( ! ?ree1 & v>ies 9 appe>ance1 be+ sometimes po9t$1 at o!r times broad & ?91 & aga91 at o!r times1 p]=at$ by a r\nd hole4 ,! sev5 true ribs are atta*$ at ea* side ( ! /]num by means ( ! co/al c>tilage4 ,abdom9al ,region4--,! abdom5 is ! inf]ior cavity ( ! trunk ( ! body2 x is b\nd$ 9 front & at ! sides by ! l[] ribs & abdom9al muscles1 above by ! diaphragm1 & bel[ by ! pelvis1 & conta9s ! alim5t>y canal1 ! organs subs]vi5t to dige/ion1 viz43 ! liv]1 pancreas & sple51 & ! organs ( excretion1 ! kidneys & ! supra-r5al capsules4 ,! abdom5 may be divid$ into ?ree regions2 9 ! upp] region w be se5 ! liv]1 ext5d+ across f ! "r to ! left side1 ! /oma* & sple5 on ! left1 & ! pancreas & duod5um beh9d2 9 ! middle region is ! transv]se "p ( ! colon1 ) ! upp] "p ( ! asc5d+ & desc5d+ colon1 om5tum1 small inte/9es1 mes5t]y1 & beh9d1 ! kidneys & supra-r5al capsules2 9 ! inf]ior region is ! l[] "p ( ! om5tum & small inte/9es1 asc5d+ & desc5d+ colon1 & uret]s4 ,fascia 7f fascia1 a b&age7 is ! "n assign$ to lam9 ( v>i\s ext5t & ?ickness1 :i* are di/ribut$ ?r\gh diff]5t regions ( ! body = ! purpose ( inve/+ or protect+ ! s(t] or m delicate organs4 ,f a consid]ation ( _! /ructure1 ^! fasci may be arrang$ into two gr\ps3 areolo-fibr\s fascia1 & aponeurotic fascia4 ,! areolo-fibr\s fascia is be/ illu/rat$ by ! common subcutane\s inve/m5t ( ! entire body1 ! sup]ficial fascia4 ,?is /ructure is situat$ imm$iately b5ea? ! integum5t ov] e "p ( ! frame1 & is ! m$ium ( connexion betwe5 t lay] & ! deep] p>ts2 x is compos$ ( areol> & ela/ic tissues1 & conta9s an abundance ( adipose cells4 ,! fat1 be+ a bad conductor ( caloric1 s]ves to reta9 ! w>m? ( ! body1 :ile x =ms at ! same "t a yield+ tissue1 ?r\gh :i* m9ute vessels & n]ves pass to ! sk9 )\t incurr+ ! risk ( ob/ruction f injury or pressure4 ,! aponeurotic fascia is ! /ronge/ k9d ( inve/+ membrane2 x is compos$ ( t5d9\s fibres runn+ p>allel ) ea* o!r & connect$ by o!r fibres ( ! same k9d pass+ 9 diff]5t directions1 toge!r ) areol> tissue & f9e ela/ic fibres4 ,9 ! limbs1 x con/itutes ! deep fascia1 inclos+ & =m+ di/9ct %ea?s to all ! muscles & t5dons4 ,x is ?ick on ! out] & lea/ protect$ side ( ! limb1 & ?9n] at its inn] side4 ,! ,sk9 is ! ext]ior inve/m5t ( ! body1 :i* x s]ves to cov] & protect4 ,x is cont9u\s at ! ap]ture ( ! int]nal cavities ) ! l9+ membrane ( ^? cavities1 ! int]nal sk9 or muc\s membrane1 & is compos$ ess5tially ( two lay]s--d]ma & epid]mis4 ,! d]ma or cutis is *iefly compos$ ( areola-fibr\s tissues1 besides :i* x has ent]+ 9 its /ructure ela/ic tissues & smoo? muscul> fibre1 toge!r ) blood vessels & n]ves4 ,! epid]mis or cuticle 7sc>f-sk97 is a product ( ! d]ma1 :i* x s]ves to envelop & def5d4 ,t surface ( ! epid]mis :i* is expos$ to ! influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e & ext]ior s\rces ( injury is h>d & horny 9 texture1 :ile t :i* lies 9 contact ) ! "u lay] is s(t & cellul>4 ,visc]a4--,! visc]a ( ! human body are situat$ 9 ! ?ree great cavities--cranio-sp9al1 ?orax & abdom54 ,! visc]a ( ! cranio-sp9al cavity are ! bra91 ) ! sp9al cord1 & ! pr9cipal organs ( s5se4 ,! visc]a ( ! *e/ are1 ! c5tral organs ( circulation1 ! he>t1 ! organs ( respiration1 ! lungs4 ,! abdom9al visc]a admit ( a sub-division into ^? :i* prop]ly belong to t cavity1 viz43 ! alim5t>y canal1 ! liv]1 pancreas1 sple5 & kidneys2 & ^? ( ! pelvis1 ! bladd] & ! int]nal organs ( g5]ation4 ,c>tilage4--,9 ! /ructure ( jo9ts1 c>tilages s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( a connect+ & sep>at+ m$ium2 9 ! =m] capacity possess+ great /r5g?2 9 ! latt]1 smoo?ness & ela/icity4 ,= in/ance1 ! co/al c>tilages unite ! ribs ) ! /]num & =m ! po9t ( sep>ation by ! knife1 :5 x is desir$ to raise ! /]num1 z 9 ! prec$+ process ( embalm+4 ,gall ,bladd] is ! res]voir ( ! bile2 x is a sac situat$ 9 a fosse on ! "u surface ( ! "r lobe ( ! liv]4 ,pancreas4--,x is a long1 flatt5$1 conglom]ate gl&2 x is ab\t six in*es 9 l5g?1 & is situat$ transv]sely across ! po/]ior wall ( ! abdom5 & beh9d ! /oma*4 ,supra-,r5al ,capsules are two small1 yell[i% & flatt5$ bodies surm\nt+ ! kidneys1 & incl9+ inw>ds & t[>ds ! v]tebral column4 ,kidneys are ! secret+ organs ( ! ur9e2 !y are situat$ 9 ! lumb> region1 & at ea* side ( ! v]tebral column4 ,pelvis4--,! cavity ( ! pelvis is t portion ( ! great abdom9al cavity :i* is includ$ betwe5 ! bones ( ! pelvis4 ,! visc]a ( ! pelvis 9 ! male are ! ur9>y bladd]1 pro/rate gl& & rectum4 ,bladd]4--,x is a holl[1 membran\s viscus1 triangul> & flatt5$ aga9/ ! pubes :5 empty1 ovoid :5 di/5d$1 & 9 front ( & ^u ! rectum4 ,circle ( ,willis4--,! communications e/abli%$ betwe5 ! ant]ior c]ebral art]ies 9 front & ! int]nal cavities & po/]ior c]ebral art]ies beh9d1 by ! communicat+ art]ies1 con/itute ! rem>kable vascul> communication at ! base ( ! bra9 call$ ! circle ( ,willis4 ,,( ,,animal ,,*emi/ry4 ,,section ,,"o4 ,! purpose ( ! pres5t *apt]1 s f> z our k ext5ds1 is to describe ! *emical hi/ory ( ^? bodies :i* are *>act]iz$ z be+ r organiz$ ?an organic2 z con/itut+ n m]ely a product ( ! vital op]ations ( ! be+1 b ! me*anism itself by :i* ^! vital op]ations are c>ri$ on2 z mak+ "p ( ! tissues ess5tial to its prop] organization & life2 & z be+1 :ile 9 connection ) ! animal & p>ticipat+ 9 its life1 protect$ f ! truly *emical reactions ( _! prop] elem5ts1 :i* aft] ! dea? ( ! animal1 especially :5 9 contact ) air or wat]1 rapidly assume simpl] =ms ( union1 & break+ up ! complex animal tissue into a cr[d ( b9>y comp\nds1 "u ! *ange well kn[n z putrefaction4 ,9 connection ) ^! sub/ances :i* =m ! basis ( ! organs & tissues ( ! animal frame1 w be br\ght "u survey ! processes by :i*1 f ! atmosph]e or f ! mat]ials ( our food1 ! sub/ance ( our organs is cont9ually r5ew$1 _! gr[? provid$ =1 & ! conditions necess>y = ! cont9uance ( life & heal? ma9ta9$4 ,! foll[+ elucidation ( ! mat]ials :i* ent] into ! composition ( ! human body is ( extreme importance1 z x w help to demon/rate :y ! *emicals employ$ 9 ! =m] processes ( embalm+ h be5 select$ 9 pref]5ce to o!rs4 ,( ,fibr9e4--,?is sub/ance con/itutes ! basis ( ! muscul> tissue1 & =ms an important con/itu5t ( ! blood4 ,9 ! latt] x exi/s dissolv$ dur+ life1 b sep>ates aft] dea? or extraction f ! body1 produc+1 ) ! color+ mat]ial1 ! ph5om5on ( coagulation4 ,9 ! muscles ! fibr9e is arrang$ 9 a truly organiz$ & liv+ condition1 con/itut+ ! contractile fibres1 9 :i* x is s int]wov5 ) n]v\s & vascul> filam5ts z to r5d] its isolation impossible4 ,to obta9 pure fibr9e1 !re=e1 we h rec\rse to blood1 :i*1 if imm$iately on be+ drawn x be briskly agitat$ ) a little bundle ( twigs1 does n coagulate1 b ! fibr9e is deposit$ on ! twigs 9 s(t1 t5aci\s masses1 :i*1 be+ wa%$ to remove any adh]+ color+ matt]1 & dige/$ 9 alcohol & e!r to remove any traces ( fatty sub/ances :i* may adh]e to x1 con/itute pure fibr9e2 :i* may be dri$ by a g5tle heat1 & appe>s !n z a yell[i%1 opaque mass1 h>d1 ta/eless & inodor\s4 ,if x be at all transp>5t1 ?is results f traces ( adh]+ fat4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 alcohol & e!r2 x absorbs1 h[ev]1 s mu* wat] z to treble its weight1 & !reby recov]s ! volume1 s(tness & flexibility x possess$ be=e be+ dri$4 ,if sulphate ( soda or nitrate ( pota% be add$ to newly drawn blood1 its coagulation is prev5t$2 & if fibr9e be dige/$ 9 a /rong solution ( nitre1 x dissolves1 =m+ a ?ick liquid1 :i* is coagulat$ by heat1 by alcohol1 by acids1 & is precipitat$ by ! salts ( m]cury1 lead & copp]1 & by yell[ prussiate ( pota%4 ,?is prop]ty ( fibr9e w aga9 come "u our notice4 ,( ,album54--,?is sub/ance is ev5 m ext5sively di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! animal frame ?an fibr9e4 ,l fibr9e1 x exi/s 9 two conditions1 "o soluble & "o insoluble 9 wat]2 b :]eas ! fibr9e becomes insoluble almo/ in/antly on be+ )drawn f ! body1 album5 may reta9 t /ate = an indef9ite "t1 & its hi/ory is !re=e m complete4 ,9 its soluble =m x exi/s 9 ! blood1 9 ! s]\s secretions1 9 ! hum\rs ( ! eye2 9 ! soluble or coagulat$ =m x con/itutes a portion ( mo/ ( ! solid tissues4 ,soluble ,album54--,?is is obta9$ 9 ! solid =m by evaporat+ to dryness1 at a temp]ature :i* does n exce$ #abj1 ! s]um ( blood2 ! dry mass is yell[1 transp>5t1 h>d1 t\gh1 & conta9s1 besides ! album51 ! salts & "s o!r con/itu5ts ( ! blood 9 m9ute quantities2 ^! are extract$ by dige/ion 9 alcohol & e!r1 :i* leave ! album5 pure4 ,:5 ?us completely dry x maybe heat$ beyond #bab )\t pass+ into ! coagulat$ condition2 if dige/$ 9 cold wat] x gradually swells up & f9ally dissolves4 ,?is solution1 :5 heat$ to a temp]ature betwe5 #adj & #aej1 coagulates2 if dilute1 ! solution may ev5 be heat$ to #afe )\t coagulat+1 & :5 pres5t 9 v small quantity ! album5 may n sep>ate until ! wat] boils4 ,:5 once coagulat$ 9 ?is mann]1 album5 is totally insoluble 9 wat]2 x is !n *ang$ into its second =m4 ,! solution ( album5 is precipitat$ by alcohol1 by acids & metallic salts1 exactly z ! solution ( fibr9e 9 saltpetre2 ! only di/9ction t c be drawn betwe5 ! two is t ! sal9e solution ( fibr9e is p>tially decompos$ by ! addition ( a l>ge quantity ( wat]4 ,! precipitates yield$ by a solution ( album5 ) metallic salts are mixture ( two di/9ct sub/ances1 "o a comp\nd ( album5 ) ! acid1 ! o!r a comp\nd ( album5 ) ! metallic oxide2 ! =m] is g5]ally some:at soluble1 ! latt] insoluble1 & h5ce results ! application ( album5 z an antidote to m9]al poisons1 z corrosive sublimate & blue /one4 ,album5 is also coagulat$ by _m organic bodies1 z tannic acid & creosote1 :i* acts catalytically1 z a v m9ute quantity ( x coagulates a l>ge quantity ( album51 )\t ent]+ into comb9ation ) x4 ,( ! ,gelat9\s ,con/itu5ts ( ! ,tissues4--,:5 ! sk91 cellul> or s]\s1 tissues1 t5dons1 & "s =ms ( c>tilage1 z t ( bones1 are boil$ 9 wat]1 !y dissolve 9 great "p & =m a solution :i* gelat9izes on cool+4 ,"s ( ^! tissues1 z ! sk91 dissolve easily & almo/ completely2 o!rs dissolve b p>tly1 & leave beh9d a quantity ( coagulat$ album54 ,9 mo/ k9ds ( c>tilage a v prolong$ boil+ is necess>y to extract a s5sible quantity ( gelat9e4 ,^! v>i\s tissues are ?us f\nd to consi/ ( album5 & gelat9e1 unit$ 9 v>i\s proportions1 & ea* pres5t+ v>i\s degrees ( cond5sation ( texture2 b by boil+ !y may be completely sep>at$ f ea* o!r4 ,gelat9e is insoluble 9 alcohol & e!r4 ,:5 a solution ( gelat9e is long expos$ to ! air1 x und]goes a comm5cem5t ( putrefaction1 & loses its prop]ty ( gelat9iz+4 ,! action ( reag5ts on gelat9e is 9 "s cases ( high int]e/1 x is n precipitat$ by solutions ( ei!r ord9>y or basic alum1 b if a solution ( common salt be also mix$1 ! gelat9e falls d[n1 comb9$ ) alum9a1 z x decomposes ! muriate ( ammonia :i* is !n =m$4 ,on ?is pr9ciple is f\nd$ ! manufacture ( :ite lea!r1 by a k9d ( tann+ ) alum4 ,! mo/ important comp\nd ( gelat9e is t ) tannic acid1 :i* con/itutes ord9>y lea!r2 ?is reaction is s di/9ct t "o "p ( gelat9e 9 five ?\s& ( wat] is at once detect$ by ! infusion ( galls4 ,_m *emi/s consid] t gelat9e is m]ely a product ( ! decomposition ( album5 & fibr9e by boil+ wat]1 & n a true con/itu5t ( ! tissues2 b ?is idea is ?\ght to be incorrect1 on ! foll[+ gr\nds3 ,fir/1 pure fibr9e or album5 gives no gelat9e by boil+2 second1 9 ! process ( tann+1 ! tannic acid comb9es ) gelat9e 9 a sk9 :i* has nev] be5 boil$2 & ?ird1 t we c easily und]/& :y "s tissues give m gelat9e ?an o!rs by ! diff]5t degrees ( cond5sation ( _! /ructure4 ,b x is r consid]$ t gelat9e be>s ! same relation to ! tissues ( ! sk9 or cellul> membrane t prote9 does to ! fibr9e ( ! blood1 be+ really a product ( its dea? & decomposition1 ?\gh ! only repres5tative ( x :i* we c h4 ,( ! ,fatty ,con/itu5ts ( ! ,tissues4--,! fatty bodies1 al?\gh contribut+ ess5tially to ! support ( ! animal frame1 are m]e secretions1 & d n =m any portion ( its organiz$ tissues4 ,! sub/ances prop]ly includ$ "u ! pres5t head are ! con/itu5ts ( ! n]v\s tissue1 su* z x is f\nd 9 ! bra91 ! sp9al cord & ! n]ves4 ,9 ! composition ( ! bra91 x is easy to di/+ui% ?ree1 p]haps five1 di/9ct sub/ances ( a fatty nature2 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & important is call$ c]ebrote2 9 composition x resembles album51 conta9+ a l>ge quantity ( nitrog54 ,sal9e1 & ,extractive ,con/itu5ts ( ! ,tissues4--,we f9d 9 all ! animal tissues small quantities ( a great v>iety ( salts1 ! same z ^? :i* w be h]eaft] notic$ z exi/+ 9 ! blood1 to ! pres5ce ( :i* 9 ! sub/ance ( ! tissues !y are probably due4 ,9 ! tissue ( ! bones & tee?1 h[ev]1 ^! sal9e matt]s are deposit$ 9 mu* great] quantities1 & 9 disease & old age bony deposits occur 9 all ^? tissues1 :i* yield true gelat9e on boil+4 ,! composition ( ! bones w be h]eaft] notic$4 ,( ! ,composition ( ! ,tissues & ( ! ,secretions 9 ,heal? & ,disease4--,hav+ describ$ ?us individually ! con/itu5ts ( ! tissues1 we %all n[ pres5t su* results z h be5 hi!rto obta9$ z to ! quantitative composition ( ! organiz$ tissues =m$ by _! reunion1 _! secretory products & morbid alt]ations4 ,! sk9 ( animals is a cong]ies ( f9ely con/ruct$ organs1 s5sitive & secretory1 imb$d$ 9 a peculi> tissue1 :i* is "o ( ^? mo/ yield+ gelat9e1 :5ce ! process ( tann+ sk9s4 ,on ! surface ( ! sk9 !re is secret$ a sub/ance1 :i*1 ?\gh v>y+ 9 anatomical /ructure & appe>ance exce$+ly1 z x =ms ! f9e epid]mis1 ! nails1 ! hair1 etc41 is yet ?r\gh\t all _! %apes id5tical 9 *emical "*1 & may be describ$ z ! same sub/ance4 ,! pr9cipal mass ( hair is compos$ ( ! same sub/ance z horn1 b ! color is due to an oil :i* may be extract$ by e!r4 ,if by virtue ( ! sulphur conta9$ 9 hair a solution ( li?>ge 9 "s lime/one wat] black5s x1 a solution ( nitrate ( silv] w also black5 ! hair1 b by a deposition ( ! metal4 ,! p]spiration f ! sk9 v>ies 9 nature accord+ to ! "p ( ! body2 x is g5]ally acid1 conta9s traces ( album51 fatty matt] & ! salts ( ! blood2 x (t5 conta9s1 also1 an odorif]\s1 volatile pr9ciple1 *>act]i/ic ( ! animal by :i* x is secret$4 ,cellul> & ,s]\s ,tissues4--,^! tissues are con/itut$ ( gelat9\s mat]ials simil> to t 9 ! sk91 & h5ce dissolve by boil+ wat]1 be+ conv]t$ into gelat9e4 ,9 ! natural condition ( ^! membranes _! surface is moi/5$ by a wat]y liquid1 :i*1 accumulat+ 9 excessive quantity1 gives rise to ! dropsies ( ! cavities1 or ( ! cellul> tissues4 ,?is s]um ( ! cavities is cle> & colorless4 ,! cells ( ! cellul> tissues1 9 :i* fat is usually deposit$1 are (t5 fill$ up by an album9\s mat]ial hav+ consid]able analogy ) case92 x is ?us t ! diffus$ h>d5+ ( ! cellul> tissue & ! local :ite tumors h _! orig94 ,( ! ,muscul> ,tissue4--,f :at has be5 already said ( fibr9e1 x is evid5tly ! ess5tial elem5t ( ! muscul> tissues1 & =ms ) wat] almo/ ! :ole ( _! p>ts4 ,( ! ,bones4--,9 v]tebrat$ animals ) osse\s skeletons ! e>?y mat]ial1 9 all cases1 consi/s pr9cipally ( phosphate ( lime1 ) phosphate ( magnesia1 c>bonate ( lime & soda4 ,by dige/+ a bone 9 dilute muriatic acid1 all ( ^! inorganic salts are remov$1 & ! c>tilage rema9s1 pres]v+ p]fectly ! =m ( ! bone4 ,! tee? pres5t1 9 _! comb9ations1 ! greate/ analogy to bone2 ! pr9cipal & organiz$ sub/ance ( ! tee? is inde$ true bone1 conta9+ inde$ less c>tilage & m phosphate ( lime ?an o!r bones4 ,! enamel1 :i* is an inorganic secretion f ! surface ( ! long too?1 is almo/ de/itute ( any animal matt]4 ,( ! ,composition ( ! ,blood4--,blood is1 9 ! high] classes ( animals1 an opaque1 ?ick1 r$ fluid2 x has a salty & nause\s ta/e1 & a peculi> smell1 resembl+ t ( ! animal :5ce x has be5 d]iv$4 ,:5 ! blood ( any r$ blood$ animal is all[$ to re/1 x gradually =ms a s(t jelly1 f :i*1 aft] "s "t1 a ?9 yell[i% fluid 7s]um7 sep>ates1 :ile ! r$ jelly or coagulum contracts 9 volume & acquires great consi/5ce4 ,if ?is coagulation ( ! blood takes place sl[ly1 ! upp] portion ( ! coagulum becomes :ite or pale yell[2 =m+ ?us1 ! buffy coat4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! blood1 :ile 9 connection ) ! animal1 p>ticipates 9 its life1 & ! ph5om5a ( coagulation are to be ref]r$ to a new arrangem5t ( its mat]ials consequ5t on ! loss ( t vitality4 ,! s]um ( ! blood1 :5 coagulation has be5 p]fect1 is ( a yell[i%1 sometimes gre5i%1 color2 its ta/e is dull & salty2 x is ?ick fluid1 l olive oil2 :5 heat$ to #adj x coagulates4 ,if we exam9e "u ! microscope ! appe>ance pres5t$ by blood1 we f9d t x consi/s ( a great numb] ( r$ p>ticles swimm+ 9 a ne>ly colorless liquor4 ,^! r$ p>ticles are flatt5$ disks2 9 man !y are r\nd4 ,_! size is v>iable1 be+ 9 man f "o f\r-?\s&? to "o eight-?\s&? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 b l>g] 9 o!r animals4 ,! blood conta9s a l>ge quantity ( album51 p>tly dissolv$ & rema9+ 9 ! s]um aft] coagulation1 p>tly 9 a solid /ate1 =m+ ! great mass ( ! globules4 ,9 ! liv+ body ! blood also conta9s fibr9e 9 solution1 b ?is sep>ates soon aft] extraction f ! body2 x assumes a solid =m1 & inve/+1 z a sponge1 ! r$ globules1 =ms ) !m ! coagulum4 ,! fibr9e is ?us ! elem5t active 9 ! coagulation ( ! blood1 ! globules be+ b passively engag$ 9 x4 ,9 addition to ?is ess5tial organic elem5t1 ! blood conta9s a v>iety ( salts1 z common salt1 phosphate ( magnesia1 ammonia & lime1 lactates ( soda & magnesia4 ,! be/ analyses ( ! blood are ^? ( ,lecanu1 & ! results = blood & s]um are t !y conta91 9 ! human subject ( ea* sex3 ,wat]1 #ge4jj ,album51 #e4jj ,globules1 #g4ad ,fibr9e1 4#bj ,! fatty sub/ance ( ! blood is a mixture ( *ole/]9e ) /e>ic & oleic acid & a peculi> fatty sub/ance t]m$ s]ol9e1 ! hi/ory ( :i* is yet incomplete4 ,none ( ! fats ( ! bra91 h[ev]1 seem to exi/ 9 ! blood4 ,! *emical hi/ory ( fibr9e & album5 hav+ be5 already giv51 x rema9s only to describe ! peculi> color+ matt]1 = ! mo/ accurate k we possess conc]n+ :i*1 we are indebt$ to ,lecanu's elaborate rese>*es on ! blood4 ,pure hematos9e or color+ matt]1 :5 x is coagulat$1 is a d>k br[n mass1 ta/eless & inodor\s2 :5 heat$ x does n smell1 b swells up & evolves ammoniacal products2 x is insoluble 9 wat]1 alcohol & e!r2 x =ms1 ) ! m9]al acids1 comp\nds :i* are insoluble 9 wat] b soluble 9 alcohol4 ,by cau/ic alkalies x is dissolv$ ) a r$-blood color1 & ^! comb9ations are soluble 9 wat]1 alcohol & e!r4 ,hematos9e conta9s nei!r phosphorus nor sulphur1 b iron 9 l>ge quantities4 ,! /ate 9 :i* iron exi/s 9 hematos9e has be51 up to ! pres5t day1 an object ( mu* discussion among *emi/s2 b ) ! k we n[ possess ( hematos9e 9 its pure =m1 we mu/ consid] ! iron to be an integral "p ( its organic con/itution1 z sulphur 9 album51 or ars5ic 9 alk>s9e1 & ! op9ion ( its be+ oxydiz$ & comb9$ ) ! true organic elem5t z a k9d ( salt c no long] be support$4 ,if a solution ( hematos9e be act$ on by *lor9e gas1 a :ite1 floccul5t precipitate is produc$1 & ! solution conta9s *loride ( iron4 ,al?\gh hematos9e is ! color+ pr9ciple ( ! globules ( ! blood1 x is pres5t b 9 v small quantity2 "o hundr$ p>ts ( dri$ globules conta9+ b f\r to five p>ts ( hematos9e2 9 ! blood globule ! hematos9e exi/s 9 its uncoagulat$ /ate1 & possesses prop]ties some:at diff]5t f ^? ( its coagulat$ =m4 ,a solution ( ! color$ blood globules 9 wat]1 :5 expos$ to ! air1 becomes ( a bright] r$ color1 be+ ?us p>tially art]ializ$2 x is coagulat$ also by alcohol & by acids2 ! hematos9e !n passes into ! condition ( insolubility1 already describ$4 ,! colorless +r$i5t 9 ! blood globules has already be5 spok5 ( z be+ album51 ) :i*1 inde$ x is id5tical 9 prop]ties1 b diff] 9 "s po9ts4 ,x has be5 t]m$ globul9e4 ,9 its uncoagulat$ condition x c n be sep>at$ f hematos9e1 & is !re di/+ui%able f album51 pr9cipally by be+ insoluble 9 ev5 a v dilute sal9e solution1 :i* dissolves album5 readily4 ,x is1 h5ce1 t ! globules ( ! blood swim unalt]$ 9 ! s]um1 b are readily dissolv$ by pure wat]4 ,if ! blood1 :5 extract$ f ! ve91 is receiv$ into a vessel conta9+ a solution ( glaub]'s salt1 coagulation is prev5t$1 z ! fibr9e rema9s dissolv$1 & by filt]+ ! liquor s obta9$1 ! s]um & wat] pass (f & ! globules rema91 mix$ only ) little ( ! salt4 ,! globul9e _c1 h[ev]1 be sep>at$ f hematos9e1 except by acids1 :i*1 z describ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( hematos9e1 !n comb9e ) ! globul9e4 ,alt]ation ( ! ,blood 9 disease4--,! exam9ation ( ! /ate ( ! blood 9 disease1 al?\gh pres5t+ important relations to pa?ology & to practice1 has be5 conduct$ 9 a mann] too disconnect$ & sup]ficial to produce any satisfactory results4 ,?is bran* ( *emical pa?ology has1 h[ev]1 be5 tak5 up by ! illu/ri\s ,&ral & ,gav>et1 :o h publi%$ ! result ( ! analysis ( ! blood 9 ?ree hundr$ & sixty cases ( disease4 ,_! rese>*es h enabl$ !m to recognize f\r classes ( diseases1 9 :i* ! composition ( ! blood is ess5tially alt]$1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t ways4 ,! fir/ class pres5ts z a con/ant alt]ation1 an increase 9 ! quantity ( fibr9e2 x includes diseases rem>kably diff]5t 9 _! locality & =m1 b all belong+ to ! class ( acute inflammations 9 "s cases ( morbid deposition1 z 9 tub]cle & canc]1 a simil> increase 9 ! quantity ( fibr9e is f\nd1 b x may be d\bt$ :e!r x be due to abnormal gr[? or to ! inflammatory action :i* accompanies x4 ,9 ! second class ! fibr9e rema9s /ation>y1 or ev5 dim9i%es 9 quantity1 :ile ! globules increase 9 proportion to ! fibr9e4 ,! diseases :i* belong to ?is class1 are1 cont9u$ fev]s )\t local inflammation1 & "s =m ( c]ebral hemorrhages4 ,c]ebral ,hemorrhages4--,9 ! ?ird class1 ! fibr9e rema9+ un*ang$1 !re is a rem>kable dim9ution 9 ! quantity ( globules2 ( ^! diseases1 *lorosis may be tak5 z an example1 & 9 ! f\r? class x is no long] ! fibr9e or ! globules :i* are ! subject ( ! morbid *ange1 b ! quantity ( ! album5 9 ! s]um is dim9i%$2 ( ?is class ( affections is ,bright's disease4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t 9 *ol]a ! blood becomes s ?ick z to arre/ ! circulation1 & conta9s f ?irty to =ty-five p] c5t4 ( solid matt]2 x is !n1 also1 less /rongly alkal9e ?an heal?y blood2 ?is is connect$ probably ) ! matt]s vomit$ & evacuat$1 :i* are /rongly alkal9e1 & conta9 a quantity ( album54 ,! blood has be5 f\nd1 occasionally1 9 cases ( ,diabetes ,mellitus1 to conta9 traces ( sug>4 ,! great discordance ( ! results obta9$1 may result1 p]haps1 f ! sug> conta9$ 9 ! blood only = a %ort "t aft] meals1 & !n be+ rapidly evacuat$ by ! kidneys4 ,9 ! jaundice ! gre5 color+ matt] ( ! bile has be5 f\nd mix$ ) ! blood4 ,o!r obs]vations ( morbid con/itu5ts ( ! blood are too indef9ite to ju/ify me 9 occupy+ space ) !m4 ,color ( ! ,blood4--,9 ! liv+ body1 ! blood 9 ! ve9s & art]ies is well kn[n to diff] ess5tially 9 color2 9 ! =m] be+ ( a d>k purple-r$1 9 ! latt] ( a bright v]milion color4 ,! *ange f ! v5al to ! art]ial /ate occurs dur+ ! passage ( ! blood ?r\gh ! capill>y vessels ( ! lungs1 :]e x is expos$ to ! action ( an ext5sive surface ( atmosph]ic air2 :ile ! art]ial blood1 9 travel+ ! g5]al capill>y sy/em ( ! body1 assumes ! r$1 d>k condition 9 :i* x is c>ri$ back to ! he>t by ! ve9s4 ,yet1 al?\gh ! vital prop]ties ( ! blood dep5d ess5tially ^u ?is *ange ( color1 we are n able to connect x ) any alt]ation 9 ! composition ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! blood1 or ev5 9 _! relative proportions4 ,art]ial & v5\s blood conta9s s5sibly ! same quantity ( wat]1 fibr9e1 globules1 album5 & salts2 &1 by analysis1 ! composition ( ^? bodies is f\nd to be id5tical1 no matt] :at k9d ( blood !y may be d]iv$ f4 ,to trace ! diff]5ce ( nature betwe5 art]ial & v5\s blood1 x is !re=e necess>y to /udy x "u diff]5t po9ts ( view ?an its approximate or elem5t>y composition4 ,s f> z we h yet expla9$ x1 ! air :i* has be5 employ$ 9 respiration1 is f\nd to h und]gone an important *ange ( con/itution2 its volume is b slightly1 if at all1 alt]$2 b a quantity ( oxyg5 has disappe>$1 & is replac$ by c>bonic acid1 9 g5]ally equal volume4 ,air :i* has be5 once respir$ is f\nd to conta9 f ?ree to f\r p] c5t4 ( c>bonic acid1 & if ! same quantity ( air be cont9ually brea!d1 ! animal dies ) all ! symptoms ( n>cotic poison+4 ,:5 ! c>bonic acid has accumulat$ to f eight to t5 p] c5t41 ! action ( ! air 9 expiration is !re=e to remove c>bon f ! blood4 ,! quantity s tak5 f ! sy/em 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs is v l>ge1 & makes up ! pr9cipal portion ( t elem5t :i* we take 9 ) our food2 yet1 su* is ! activity ) :i* its assimilation provides1 t no p]ceptible *ange 9 ! solid elem5ts ( ! blood c be p]ceiv$4 ,x 01 at "o "t1 a mu* disput$ po9t1 :e!r ! c>bon s sep>at$ f ! sy/em 0 directly excret$ f ! lungs1 & c>ri$ (f z x 71 by contact ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 or :e!r ! oxyg5 0 fir/ absorb$ by ! blood & c>ri$ by ! circulation to e portion ( ! body1 :]e x comb9$ ) ! c>bon1 :i* 0 !re pres5t 9 excess1 & ! c>bonic acid s produc$1 be+ dissolv$ by ! v5\s blood1 0 ?r[n (f on arriv+ at ! surface ( ! atmosph]e1 9 ! lungs4 ,! progress ( sci5ce has1 h[ev]1 f9ally decre$ 9 favor ( ! latt] view1 to :i* ! fulle/ confirmation has be5 giv5 by ! c>eful & elaborate rese>*es ( ,magnus4 ,gases 9 ! ,blood4--,x 0 f\nd t bo? art]ial & v5\s blood conta9 dissolv$ quantities ( gases1 oxyg51 nitrog5 & c>bonic acid1 :i* am\nt to f "o-t5? to "o-tw5tie? ! volume ( ! blood2 ! proportions ( ^! two gases to ea* o!r are diff]5t 9 art]ial & v5\s blood2 ! oxyg5 9 art]ial blood be+ ab\t "o-half ( ! c>bonic acid1 :ile 9 ! v5\s blood x seldom am\nts to m ?an "o-fif?2 ! diff]5ce is greate/ 9 "y p]sons1 & probably is proportional to _! activity ( nutrition4 ,! quantity ( nitrog5 appe>s to be ! same 9 bo? k9ds ( blood1 mak+ f "o-fif? to "o-t5? ( ! gase\s mixture4 ,! physico-*emical conditions ( respiration are simply explicable ^u ^! results1 by ! pr9ciple ( gase\s diffusion1 ! f9e l9+ pulmon>y membrane be+ p]meable to gases4 ,:5 ! v5\s blood arrives at ! surface ( ! lungs1 a portion ( ! c>bonic acid :i* x conta9s is evolv$1 & a quantity ( oxyg5 gas absorb$ 9 place ( x2 ^! two quantities are n necess>ily equal at ea* mom5t1 ?\gh ultimately !y become s1 & h5ce ! volume ( oxyg5 absorb$ is g5]ally1 ?\gh n univ]sally1 equal to t ( ! c>bonic acid giv5 out4 ,!re appe>s1 f ! pres5ce ( nitrog5 9 equal quantity 9 bo? k9ds ( blood1 to be an absorption & evolution ( t gas1 simply f physical laws1 & indep5d5t ( any application ( x to ! nutrition ( ! animal2 h5ce ! volume ( nitrog5 9 air is sometimes increas$1 & at o!rs dim9i%$1 by respiration1 & a man evolves mu* nitrog5 :5 respir+ an atmosph]e ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 :ile x has be5 %[n t ! rate ( nutrition ( a man is proportionate to ! quantity ( nitrog5 x receives z food1 & t none ( t pr9ciple is really assimilat$ f ! air4 ,x is /ill by no means easy to decide ^u ! *anges ( color :i* occur 9 ! blood dur+ respiration2 = ?is %\ld appe> connect$1 n m]ely ) ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 gases 9 ! blood1 b ^u a true *ange 9 ! composition ( hematos9e1 :i* analysis _c direct4 ,/ev5s fir/ attract$ ! att5tion ^u ! influ5ce :i* sal9e bodies h ^u ! color ( ! blood4 ,if d>k1 v5\s blood is put 9 contact ) a solution ( common salt1 glaub] salt1 nitre1 or c>bonate ( soda1 x becomes z v]milion color$ z if x _h be5 truly art]ializ$2 on ! contr>y1 ! pres5ce ( c>bonic acid imp$es ?is action1 & gives to blood1 s r$d5$ by a salt1 n 9 excess1 ! d>k t9t ( v5\s blood4 ,if we consid]1 !re=e1 ! art]ial t9t to be due to ! mat]ial comb9ation ( ! color+ matt] ) ! sal9e con/itu5ts ( ! s]um1 ?is w be d>k5$1 :51 by pass+ ?r\gh ! capill>y sy/em1 ! blood takes up an excess ( c>bonic acid2 & aga91 9 ! lungs1 :5 ! c>bonic acid is replac$ by oxyg51 ! v]milion color is re/or$1 n by any active ag5cy ( ! oxyg51 b by ! natural t9t ( sal9e hematos9e becom+ evid5t4 ,al?\gh ?is !ory ( ! *ange ( color is by no means free f objection1 x /ill appe>s to be bett] f\nd$ ?an any o!r t has be5 propos$4 ,animal ,heat4--,! ph5om5a ( respiration consi/+ ma9ly 9 ! conv]sion ( c>bon into c>bonic acid by union ) oxyg51 ! heat :i* is develop$ 9 ! body ( all r$ blood$ animals has be5 naturally ref]r$ to t s\rce2 & z we "k t ! *ange f ! art]ial to ! v5\s condition ( ! blood occurs at e po9t ( ! sy/em1 ! almo/ complete equality ( temp]ature ?r\gh\t ! body 9 heal? is expla9$4 ,t ! great s\rce ( heat is ! respiratory process1 is abundantly prov$ by ! temp]ature be+ highe/ 9 ^? animals1 & 9 ! same animal1 at ^? p]iods :5 ! circulation is mo/ rapid & ! quantity ( air consum$ ! greate/4 ,b x has be5 calculat$ t ! heat evolv$ by ! combu/ion ( ! quantity ( c>bon ?r[n (f f ! body 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs is no m ?an eight-t5?s ( ! quantity g5]at$ 9 ! body dur+ t "t1 & ! orig9 ( ! rema9d] mu/ be f\nd 9 ! action ( ! muscles & ! n]v\s p[]1 :i* appe>s ( itself to be a di/9ct s\rce ( animal heat4 ,,animal ,,*emi/ry4 ,,section ,,two4 ,composition ( ! ,dige/ive ,organs & ( _! ,secretions--,*emical ,ph5om5a ( ,dige/ion4 ,mucus4--,! liv+ membrane ( ! alim5t>y canal is moi/5$ ) a liquid possess+ _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( vegetable mucus1 b conta9+ nitrog54 ,x is a ?ick1 t5aci\s sub/ance1 :i* conta9s1 dissolv$ 9 ! wat] ?r\gh :i* x is diffus$1 ! ord9>y salts ( ! s]um ( ! blood2 x swells up ) wat] to a consid]able mass1 b )\t dissolv+2 x dissolves 9 alkal9e liquors1 & is precipitat$ !refrom on ! addition ( an acid & ! t9cture ( galls2 ! mucus f diff]5t p>ts ( ! mucus membrane is1 h[ev]1 by no means id5tical 9 prop]ties4 ,! liquid secret$ by ! int]nal surface ( ! /oma*--! ga/ric juice--:i* ex]cises an important influ5ce on dige/ion1 diff]s ess5tially 9 its "* f mucus4 ,:5 ! /oma* is empty & contract$1 x conta9s ord9>y mucus2 b if ev5 indige/ible sub/ances are introduc$1 & /ill m1 aft] tak+ prop] food1 a liquid is abundantly p\r$ out1 :i* is colorless or pale yell[1 & conta9s a v small quantity ( solid matt] 7two p] c5t471 :i* consi/s pr9cipally ( inorganic salts 7common salts & sal ammoniac1 ) a trace ( a salt ( iron72 x is specially *>act]iz$ by ! pres5ce ( a notable quantity ( free muriatic acid1 ! proportions ( :i* v>y ) ! activity ( ! dige/ive p[]s at ! "t4 ,?is ga/ric juice possesses ! rem>kable prop]ty ( s(t5+ d[n & dissolv+ fibr9e & album51 & ?us conv]ts ! masses ( food into ! uni=m pulp 7*yme71 f :i* ! absorb+ vessels ( ! small inte/9es take up ! nutriti\s elem5ts4 ,if we =m an artificial ga/ric juice by mix+ toge!r ! muriatic acid & salts 9 ! "r proportions1 x is f\nd to be totally incapable ( dissolv+ ! mat]ials ( ! food1 &1 inde$ to be q inactive t[>ds dige/ion4 ,! organic mat]ial ( ! ga/ric juice1 al?\gh its quantity be s m9ute1 is1 !re=e1 ess5tial to its p[]s1 & ^! may be p]fectly conf]r$ ^u ! previ\sly inactive1 artificial juice1 by ! addition ( a little ( ! mucus ( ! /oma* or by /eep+ 9 ! acid liquor1 = a %ort "t1 a small portion ( a muc\s membrane1 & filt]+ ! liquor2 = ?is purpose x is n ev5 necess>y to use ! muc\s membrane ( ! /oma*1 = t ( ! bladd] has be5 f\nd to answ] equally well4 ,! sub/ance :i* is dissolv$ out ( ! membrane 9 ^! cases has be5 t]m$ peps9e4 ,x has n be5 obta9$ 9 a truly isolat$ or pure =m1 b its prop]ties are v rem>kable4 ,= its full activity x requires ! pres5ce ( a free acid1 z ! artificial ga/ric juice becomes mu* less active 9 dissolv+ food :5 neutraliz$ by an alkali1 ?\gh x reta9s o!r prop]ties1 z t ( coagulat+ milk-l r5net4 ,if ! artificial juice be precipitat$ by nitrate ( lead1 ! precipitate wa%$1 & !n decompos$ by sulphuret ( hydrog52 ! solution ?us obta9$ possesses all ! dige/ive p[]s ( ! juice4 ,h5ce1 ! peps9e & muriatic acid act toge!r1 by comb9+ ) oxide ( lead4 ,peps9e appe>s to be completely decompos$ by contact ) alcohol or boil+ wat]2 its p[]s are also de/roy$ by deodoriz+ sub/ances2 ! solution ( album5 & fibr9e 9 ga/ric juice diff]s ess5tially f _! solution 9 muriatic acid1 z 9 ! =m] case ! quantity ( acid is v m9ute1 9 relation to ! quantity ( mat]ial dissolv$1 & aft] solution ! acid rema9s q uncomb9$4 ,! action ( ! /oma* 9 dige/ion1 appe>s1 !re=e1 s f> z our actual k ext5ds1 a purely catalytic f]m5tative action2 "o 9 :i* ! active excitant is an organic sub/ance 7peps9e71 secret$ by ! muc\s surface1 & ^: prop]ties are develop$ by ! pres5ce ( muriatic acid1 :i* is secret$ at ! same "t4 ,! new products into :i* ! food1 fibr9e1 album51 glut51 />*1 oils1 sug>1 etc41 are conv]t$1 & :i* collectively con/itute ! :ite uni=m pulp1 t]m$ by physiologi/s *yme1 h n be5 made ! subject ( accurate *emical rese>*es4 ,9 ! m\? ! mass ( nutritive mat]ial is act$ on by a liquid :i* is secret$ by ! saliv>y gl&s1 ! saliva4 ,x is alkal9e1 & holds 9 solution n "o p] c5t4 ( solid matt]1 :i* conta9s "s c>bonate ( soda & common salt1 admix$ muc\s1 & a peculi> organic body1 t]m$ saliv>y matt]4 ,?is la/ sub/ance is soluble 9 wat]2 its solution is n coagulat$ by heat1 nor precipitat$ by t9cture ( galls1 corrosive sublimate1 acetate ( lead1 nor by acids4 ,! pancreas1 s simil> 9 /ructure to ! saliv>y gl&s1 has a diff]5t secretion2 x conta9s no saliv>y matt]1 b album5 & "s salts2 x is g5]ally slightly acid4 ,composition ( ! ,bile4--,! precise "p :i* ?is rem>kable secretion p]=ms 9 ! animal economy is n yet fully kn[n2 x has be5 ! subject ( repeat$ & accurate *emical exam9ation1 al?\gh1 f ! facility ) :i* its elem5ts are transf]r$ into o!r bodies1 by ! action ( ! reag5ts employ$1 e succe$+ analysis has l$ to diff]5t results4 ,! ,color+ matt] ( ! ,bile4--is pres5t dur+ heal? b 9 small quantity1 b 9 disease x sometimes accumulates s z to =m solid masses4 ,:5 pure1 x is a r$di%-yell[ p[d]1 :i* is sc>cely soluble 9 wat] or 9 alcohol1 b dissolves easily 9 a solution ( cau/ic pota%4 ,?is solution is ( a cle> yell[ color1 b :5 expos$ to ! air x becomes deep gre51 absorb+ oxyg54 ,?is *ange is rem>kably produc$ by nitric acid1 & x is inde$ ! reaction by :i* ! pres5ce ( ! bile 9 ! s]um ( ! blood1 9 ! sk91 9 ! ur9e1 & eyes1 etc41 may be %[n 9 cases ( jaundice4 ,*yle & ,lymph4--,! nutritive mat]ials extract$ f ! food by ! absorb+ vessels ( ! inte/9es1 is ?r[n into ! ?oracic duct1 :]e x meets ) ano!r fluid1 :i* is transmitt$ to ! same vessel f all p>ts ( ! body by ! colorless ve9s or lymphatics4 ,! fluid f ! inte/9es is t]m$ *yle2 t f ! body is g5]ally t]m$ lymph4 ,x is ! mixture ( ^! t has alone be5 exam9$1 = ! vessels :i* c>ry ei!r sep>ately are too m9ute to all[ ( ! extraction ( _! cont5ts 9 a pure =m4 ,:5 tak5 f ! ?oracic duct1 a few h\rs aft] a meal1 :51 probably1 ! *yl\s elem5t prevails1 x is :iti%1 opaque1 liquid1 l milk1 ) g5]ally a r$di% %ade2 a %ort "t aft] sep>ation f ! body1 x coagulates2 ! clot is at fir/ pale1 b x soon becomes light crimson r$2 ! milk9ess ( ! s]um is due to ! pres5ce ( oil2 x conta9s album51 & coagulates by heat2 except t x is m dilute1 & t ! hematos9e is = ! mo/ "p abs5t1 ! *yle & lymph h ! same composition z ! blood4 ,x appe>s to v>y1 h[ev]1 ) ! nature ( ! food1 z ,dr4 ,pr\t f\nd ! *yle ( p]sons f$ on vegetables to conta9 a mu* small] quantity ( album5 ?an :5 !y _h _h animal food4 ,dr4 ,pr\t also indicates 9 *yle ! pres5ce ( a sub/ance :i* he t]ms incipi5t album51 :i* is n coagulat$ by heat1 except aft] ! addition ( acetic acid2 ! prop]ties ( ?is =m ( album51 h[ev]1 are n fully kn[n4 ,con/itution ( ! ,ur9e 9 ,heal? & ,disease4--,! nature ( ?is secretion has at all times be5 an object ( consid]able int]e/ to ! *emi/1 f ! indications :i* *anges 9 its composition give ( diseases ( important organs & f ! numb] & int]e/ ( ! diff]5t organic sub/ances x conta9s4 ,z 9 almo/ all o!r bran*es ( animal *emi/ry1 ,burzelius fir/ det]m9$ its composition1 & lately ,lecan] has asc]ta9$ ) great c>e ! limits to :i* ! proportions ( its +r$i5ts may v>y 9 heal?1 & ?is e/abli%$ a correct basis ( comp>ison = ur9e 9 ! v>i\s conditions ( diseases4 ,( ! ,ur9e 9 ,disease & aft] ,dea?--,ur9>y ,calculi4--,to ! *emi/1 ! indications ( disease ( ! ur9>y & dige/ive organs1 =m$ by *anges 9 ! composition ( ur9e1 are mo/ valuable4 ,! majority ( ! sub/ances :i* are tak5 into ! circulation1 b are incapable ( assimilation to our organs1 are ?r[n (f by ?is secretion1 & h5ce a v>iety ( m$ic9al sub/ances may be trac$ to x aft] hav+ be5 +e/$1 sometimes q unalt]$1 at o!rs modifi$ 9 _! natures4 ,?us if alkal9e salts ( organic acids be tak5 into ! /oma*1 ! organic mat]ial is oxidiz$1 probably dur+ ! action ( respiration1 :ile ! alkali passes into ! ur9e 9 ! /ate ( c>bonate4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! organic acid be tak5 uncomb9$1 x escapes decomposition1 &1 pass+ into ! ur9e1 produces an abundant precipitate ( salts ( lime4 ,9 ! case ( ! t>t>ic acid & oxalic acids1 "s organic bodies1 z asph>ag9e & ! oil ( turp5t9e1 are decompos$1 & ! products :i* !y =m are execret$1 giv+ to ! ur9e peculi> odors2 9 ! latt] case l t ( violets4 ,! majority ( color+ matt]s are ?r[n out ( ! sy/em by ?is secretion1 :ile o!rs are n s giv5 (f4 ,! m9]al acids--alcohol1 camphor & mo/ metallic salts--d n pass into ! ur9e to any s5sible degree4 ,ur9e 9 ,diabetes4--,! mo/ rem>kable *ange 9 ! nature ( ur9e occurs 9 ,diabetes ,mellitus1 x is void$ 9 great quantity2 x is f\nd to conta9 a great quantity ( grape1 sug>1 & v little urea4 ,x 0 suppos$ t 9 ?is disease urea ceas$ to be =m$ by ! sy/em1 & 0 replac$ by sug>2 b x has be5 %[n t1 al?\gh ! quantity ( urea is v small 9 any "o specim5 ( ur9e1 yet ! total quantity is s mu* increas$ t 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! natural quantity ( urea is secret$2 ! secretion ( sug> be+ an act ( faulty dige/ion1 & totally unconnect$ ) ! urea4 ,^! results h be5 fully confirm$ by exp]i5ce4 ,! diabetic ur9e sometimes conta9s album51 :i* arises f complications ( o!r =ms ( disease4 ,all t has be5 said 9 ! =m] *apt] ab\t ! solid & fluid con/itu5ts ( ! human body may1 at fir/ sight1 & to a great _m1 seem to be sup]flu\s & out ( place 9 a "w ( ?is k9d4 ,x is true t ! diff]5t modes ( pres]v+ bodies1 z expla9$ 9 ?is book1 d n require ?is long diss]tation on animal *emi/ry 9 ord] to be und]/ood2 /ill1 :5 we consid] t ! *emicals us$ 9 ^! diff]5t processes h an object to accompli%1 x mu/ be grant$ t a ?or\gh k ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! body1 _! composition & *emical proportion1 w1 to a great ext5t1 expla9 ! reason :y ^! same *emicals are us$ 9 pref]5ce to o!rs4 ,! second>y object1 :i* is n less important1 consi/s 9 ! fact t a ?or\gh k ( ! animal *emi/ry ( ! human organism is mo/ necess>y to und]/& ! diff]5t *anges :i* take place 9 ! =mation ( ! diff]5t juices & tissues ( ! body1 :5 !y ent] into comb9ation ) ! *emicals1 ! object ( :i* is to r5d] !m imputrescible4 ,h[ev]1 ! /udy ( ^! comb9ations af=ds a simple & cle> explanation ( ! means resort$ to 9 ord] to pres]ve bodies4 ,,gannal',s ,,process ,,( ,,embalm+4 ,,) ,,modifications4 ,?is process1 :i* has be5 successfully employ$ 9 ,europe = a long "t1 = ! purpose ( embalm+ bodies & = ! pres]vation ( anatomical prep>ations1 is /ill practis$ ext5sively1 ow+ to ! *eapness ( ! mat]ials us$ & to ! simplicity ( ! modus op]&i4 ,! embalm+ fluid 9 ?is in/ance is compos$ z foll[s1 viz43 ,sulphate ( alum9a1 #d p\nds4 ,ars5i\s acid1 #d ounces4 ,creasote1 #d ounces4 ,wat]1 #a gallon4 ,to prep>e ?is fluid1 an explanation ( its con/itu5ts is requir$4 ,!re are two diff]5t k9ds ( ars5i\s acid1 ! opaque & ! transp>5t4 ,?is latt] v>iety 7! transp>5t7 %\ld be select$ 9 pref]5ce to ! o!r1 on acc\nt ( its great] solubility2 ! acid mu/ also be procur$ 9 cry/als1 & n 9 p[d]1 z x w1 9 ! fir/ place1 dissolve quick]1 & w n be liable to be adult]at$4 ,! wat] mu/ !n be heat$ to #ee1 & ! acid dissolv$ 9 x4 ,! sulphate ( alum9a is !n to be add$1 &1 aft] be+ completely dissolv$1 let ! solution cool (f to ! usual temp]ature2 !n add ! creasote1 &1 aft] /irr+ g5tly1 ! solution is ready = use4 ,lay ! body on an incl9$ bo>d1 z describ$ 9 a =m] *apt]1 &1 aft] ?or\ghly cleans+ ) wat] & soap1 saturate well ) a conc5trat$ solution ( alum2 ! body %\ld be kept well moi/5$ ) ! solution1 z prescrib$ 9 ! processes ( embalm+ already giv51 until ! op]ation is complet$4 ,?r\gh an op5+ made 9 ! sk9 ( ! abdom51 & imm$iately ov] ! transv]se "p ( ! colon1 ! b[els & ! /oma* w !n be reveal$1 :i* mu/ be empti$ ( _! cont5ts & prop]ly clean$1 & inject$ ) ! above prep>ation4 ,aft] ! cont5ts ( ! abdom5 h ?us be5 treat$1 ! :ole abdom9al visc]a is to be heavily spr9kl$ ov] ) tannic acid1 until ! acid =ms a lay] ab\t "o-half in* 9 ?ickness betwe5 ! b[els & ! sk9 ( ! abdom52 ! flaps ( ! sk9 are !n br\ght toge!r & neatly sew$ up4 ,! femoral ve9 is !n op5$4 ,! femoral ve9 asc5ds ! ?igh 9 ! %ea? ( ! femoral art]y1 &1 ent]+ ! pelvis b5ea? ,p\p>t's ligam5t1 becomes ! ext]nal iliac ve94 ,9 ! l[] "p ( its c\rse1 x is situat$ on ! out] side ( ! art]y2 x !n becomes plac$ beh9d t vessel1 & at ,p\p>t's ligam5t lies to ! inn] side4 ,x receives ! muscul> ve9s & prop5da1 &1 ?r\gh ! saph5\s op5+1 ! int]nal saph5\s ve94 ,! blood1 9 "s cases1 w issue v freely1 & ! fl[ ( x mu/ cont9ue until ! embalm+ fluid makes its appe>ance4 ,to inject ! circulatory sy/em1 ext5d ! left arm at a "r angle ) ! body1 & op5 ! axilli>y art]y ab\t ?ree in*es f ! arm-pit4 ,! axilli>y art]y is a cont9uation ( ! sub-clavian art]y2 x passes ?r\gh ! axilla or arm-pit into ! arm1 & is call$ ! axilli>y art]y2 t "p ( its cont9uation into ! upp] arm is call$ ! bra*ial art]y1 & 9 ! =e arm x divides into ! radial & uln> art]ies1 :i* are di/ribut$ to ! h& & f+]s4 ,?r\gh ! op5+ ?us made 9 ! axilli>y art]y two gallons ( embalm+ fluid may be inject$1 or su* quantity z may be f\nd necess>y to completely fill ! art]ial & v5\s sy/ems4 ,aft] ! blood has ceas$ to fl[ f ! op5+ 9 ! femoral ve91 ! w\nds mu/ be sew$ up1 & ! body1 ano9t$ ) ! solution1 left to dry 9 a cool1 well v5tilat$ place4 ,! surface ( ! body & also ! face may be mottl$ 9 "s places ) :ite spots1 b ! sk9 w soon assume a uni=m color1 & ! blot*es w disappe>4 ,aft] ! solution on ! body has become suffici5tly dry & has p5etrat$ ! pores ( ! sk91 ! excess ( moi/ure mu/ be wip$ (f ) a clean t[el4 ,! no/rils %\ld be h]metically seal$1 by introduc+ into !m "s cotton1 well saturat$ ) gum %ellac dissolv$ 9 alcohol4 ,! eyes mu/ be well clos$1 &1 if no o!r means at h&1 ! lids mu/ be sewn toge!r ) a small circul> ne$le1 & "s silk1 saturat$ 9 spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,! body is !n saturat$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( turp5t9e2 & aft] ! turp5t9e is dry1 ! clo?+ c be put on1 & ! body is !n ready = int]m5t4 ,z %[n by ! prec$+1 ?is process is v simple1 & has giv5 satisfactory results 9 all cases1 al?\gh ! am\nt ( embalm+ liquid & ! composition !re( v>y 9 all cases1 & accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! season & c\ntry4 ,= in/ance1 if ! body to be embalm$ is t ( a v fle%y p]son1 & x be 9 ! summ] season1 :5 animal sub/ances are m prone to putrefy ?an at o!r seasons1 ! embalm+ fluid mu/ be alt]$ z foll[s1 9 its quantitative composition3 ,sulphate ( alum9a1 #f p\nds4 ,ars5i\s acid1 transp>5t1 #d ounces4 ,creasote1 #f ounces4 ,wat]1 #a gallon4 ,= ! m9or p>ts ( ?is process1 z1 = in/ance1 ! clos+ ( ! eyes1 m\?1 etc41 ! read] is ref]r$ to previ\s processes already giv5 9 =m] *apt]s4 ,! mo/ reliable composition yet f\nd = embalm+ purposes1 & ! "o :i* has giv5 ! mo/ satisfactory results1 is ! foll[+3 ,alcohol1 "o gallon2 dissolve into x eight ounces ( corrosive sublimate1 &1 aft] complete solution1 add two p\nds ( creasote4 ,?is solution1 = inject+ purposes1 has nev] fail$ to accompli% ! purpose1 & has giv5 ! mo/ a/oni%+ results4 ,! only objection to its use1 b "o :i* does n 9 reality c>ry any weight ) x1 is ! fact t ! solution w produce a :ite sc> on ! sk9 ( ! body :]ev] x may be dropp$2 b a v mod]ate am\nt ( c>e 9 ! use ( x w preclude ! possibility ( su* an accid5t4 ,! embalm+ ( bodies by injection has s f> occupi$ our att5tion4 ,we w h]eaft] pass briefly 9 review ! process ( mac]ation employ$ 9 ! pres]vation ( bodies4 ,,embalm+ ,,by ,,mac]ation4 ,! process ( embalm+ bodies1 z at fir/ practis$1 0 f\nd$ on ! pr9ciple ( complete imm]sion ( ! body into "s ba? compos$ ( antiseptics1 :i*1 by be+ absorb$ by ! sy/em1 r5d]$ ! tissues imputrescible1 mu* 9 ! same way z we n[ pres]ve anatomical prep>ations by imm]s+ 9 alcohol4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is c5tury a process ( embalm+ 0 br\ght out 9 ,europe1 & succe$$ v well = "s "t2 b aft] a c]ta9 p]iod1 ,mr4 ,gannal & o!rs inaugurat$ a new sy/em ( pres]v+ ! dead1 & ! process ( mac]ation 0 ab&on$1 & has n s9ce be5 reviv$ to any ext5t4 ,! foll[+ is ! mann] ( treatm5t to :i* a body 0 subject$ 9 ! above process3 ,! body 0 wa%$ ?or\ghly ) soap & wat]2 !n ! abdom5 0 op5$ & ! /]num rais$2 ! ?oracic z well z ! abdom9al visc]a 0 !n remov$ altoge!r1 z also ! bra94 ,! body 0 !n imm]s$ = "o week 9 a /rong solution ( alum & nitrate ( pota%2 ! body 0 !n tak5 out & ! cavities fill$ ) t[ & p[d]$ ars5ic2 ! b[els1 lungs1 liv]1 etc41 9 fact all ! visc]a1 7 buri$ sep>ately4 ,! body 0 !n completely buri$ 9 dry s& = ! space ( t5 days1 to absorb all ! moi/ure conta9$ 9 ! tissues1 & 0 !n dress$ 9 ! fun]al habilim5ts & plac$ 9 a lead5 c(f91 h]metically seal$2 a small1 ?ick glass1 imm$iately ov] ! face1 all[$ ! fri5ds to obta9 a view ( ! features4 ,?is process has be5 f\nd objectionable = a good _m reasons2 9 ! fir/ place1 ! evisc]at+ ( ! body is a repulsive feature ( x1 & n to be _h rec\rse to :5 less b>b>\s means are at h&2 secondly1 ! sk9 ( ! body assumes a yell[ & wr9kl$ appe>ance1 :i*1 if x does n entirely de/roy ! ca/ ( ! features1 alt]s ! g5]al appe>ance s mu* z to r5d] !m v diff]5t f ! natural appe>ance4 ,at any rate1 ! me?od ( pres]v+ bodies by ! above means has entirely fall5 into disuse1 & z1 ) our p]fect$ improvem5ts 9 ?is bran* ( ! und]tak+ bus9ess1 we are able to d away ) ! mo/ repugnant features ( x1 ?is sy/em has be5 sup]s$$ by ! less objectionable & m effective art]ial injections4 ,,laws ,,( ,,heal?4 ,und]tak]s1 l physicians & all ^? :o may be call$ at any "t ( ! day or night to make use ( _! physical & m5tal faculties1 ^: duties compel !m to brea! ! f\l effluvia ( ! sick *amb]1 or ! noxi\s gases g5]at$ by ! dead1 ev5 to come into direct contact ) e v>iety ( contagi\s or epidemic disease--su* pr(essionals f9d x to _! int]e/ & physical welf>e to obs]ve c]ta9 rules ( liv+ 9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( _! call+4 ,x is a matt] ( great importance t _! diet1 clo?+ & habits be regulat$ by c]ta9 laws1 :i* w1 to a great ext5t1 r$uce ! dang]s to :i* !y are expos$ 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! duties4 ,,diet4 ,man is less uni=m 9 8 diet1 & suff]s m 9 consequ5ce ( x1 ?an any o!r animal4 ,all o!r animals are direct$ by in/9ct to select only ^? sub/ances :i* are be/ adapt$ to _! wants4 ,man is end[$ ) reason to enable him1 by ! ex]cise ( ?\ght & reflection1 to make 8 *oice ( food4 ,he %\ld1 !re=e1 select 8 daily food ) z mu* =e?\ght & c>e z he w\ld select ! mat]ials = 8 dwell+4 ,he %\ld consid]1 n :at w gratify 8 ta/e1 b :at w build up & /r5g!n 8 bodily /ructure1 & secure mo/ p]fectly ! highe/ & mo/ p]man5t enjoym5t ( all 8 faculties4 ,! k9d ( food :i* ea* individual %\ld select is by no means uni=m2 ! climate1 ! season ( ! ye>1 ! occupation1 ! temp]am5t1 ! age1 ! habits ( life1 & v>i\s o!r circum/ances :i* might be m5tion$1 dem& modifications ( diet4 ,,modifications ,,( ,,age4 ,! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ! body are n f\nd 9 ! same relative proportions at diff]5t p]iods ( life1 or 9 diff]5t individuals ( ! same age4 ,9 middle life ! muscul> sy/em pr$om9ates1 & ! body is rem>kable = ! compactness ( its fibres1 its /r5g?1 & its p[] ( endurance4 ,9 ! *ild !re is an excess ( fluids1 :i* r5d]s ! body m plump & r\nd & ! =m beautiful1 ?\gh m frail & delicate ?an at a lat] p]iod4 ,9 advanc$ age1 ! s(t tissues become greatly dim9i%$1 & ! =m wr9kl$ & wa/$4 ,,climate4 ,! inhabitants ( cold climates require ^? articles ( food :i* produce ! l>ge/ am\nt ( animal heat1 su* z oil1 tall[ & fat meats1 :i* conta9 f sixty-six to eighty p] c5t4 ( c>bon4 ,! natives ( ! arctic regions consume enorm\s quantities ( fat & oil1 & seem to reli% !m z great luxuries2 ! inhabitants ( tropical regions subsi/ ma9ly on rice1 fruits1 vegetables & lean meats4 ,x w\ld be impossible to live 9 ,gre5l& on ! pla9ta9 & rice ( ! ,h9doo1 or 9 ,h9do/an on ! seal fat & :ale oil ( ! ,gre5l&]4 ,9 temp]ate climates we require diff]5t k9ds ( food at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,9 w9t] we consume l>g] quantities ( fat meat & c>bonace\s food1 & 9 summ] m fruit & vegetables4 ,7 we to indulge 9 ! summ] 9 ! same diet :i* we might f9d highly conducive to heal? 9 ! w9t]1 ! sy/em w\ld soon become burd5$ ) an excess ( c>bonace\s matt]1 & induce conge/ion & inflammatory diseases4 ,x is !re=e highly important t ea* p]son %\ld possess "s k ( ! prop]ties ( diff]5t articles ( diet1 & select f "t to "t ^? :i* he may ?9k mo/ suitable to 8 own organization4 ,diff]5t sub/ances are nutriti\s 9 proportion z !y yield1 :5 dige/$1 ^? elem5ts :i* are f\nd to exi/ 9 ! diff]5t tissues ( ! body4 ,animals d n possess ! p[] ( =m+ new elem5ts1 or ( conv]t+ "o elem5t into ano!r1 & x necess>ily foll[s t ! elem5ts ( _! gr[? & nutrition mu/ be d]iv$ f ! food :i* !y take4 ,! l>ge/ "p ( ne>ly all ! sub/ances :i* make up ! human body are compos$ ( oxyg51 hydrog51 nitrog5 & c>bon1 & diff]5t sub/ances are reg>d$ z nutriti\s 9 proportion z !y furni% ^! ess5tial elem5ts ( our organization4 ,9 g5]al1 ^? sub/ances may be reg>d$ z ! mo/ important articles ( diet :i* furni%1 ) ! greate/ facility ( dige/ion1 ! l>ge/ am\nt ( ^! elem5ts4 ,milk is reg>d$1 p]haps correctly1 z ! pla9e/ & simple/ k9d ( food4 ,c['s milk is compos$ (3 ,case91 #d4dh ,butt]1 #c4ac ,sug> ( milk1 #d4gg ,v>i\s salts1 4#fj ,wat]1 #hg4jj ,milk1 be+ furni%$ by nature z ! only food = ! "y ( ! mammalia dur+ a c]ta9 p]iod ( _! exi/5ce1 conta9s all ! elem5ts necess>y to ! nutrition & ! gr[? ( ! body4 ,out ( ! case9 are =m$ ! album5 & fibr9 ( ! blood4 ,! butt] s]ves = ! =mation ( fat1 & contributes1 ) ! sug>1 to ! support ( animal heat1 by yield+ c>bon & hydrog5 to be burnt 9 ! lungs4 ,! e>?y salts 7phosphate ( lime1 etc47 are necess>y = ! developm5t ( ! bones1 ! iron requir$ = ! blood1 corpuscles & ! hair4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 meat con/itutes an important "p ( ! diet ( almo/ e family4 ,z a g5]al rule1 animal food is m easily dige/$1 conta9s a great] am\nt ( nutrim5t1 & is m /imulat+ ?an any ( ! v>ieties ( vegetable food4 ,z m9ut5ess ( division & t5d]ness ( fibre facilitate dige/ion1 "y meats are m t5d] ?an old2 ?us1 roa/$ pig is m spe$ily dige/$ ?an broil$ pork2 /eak & boil$ lamb soon] ?an boil$ mutton4 ,/ill1 !re are "s exceptions to ! dige/ibility ( "y meats1 veal1 & ) "s p]sons lamb1 are sl[] ( dige/ion ?an beef or mutton4 ,! vegetable k+dom greatly exce$s ! animal 9 ! numb] & v>iety ( ! alim5ts :i* x furni%es to man4 ,x is well kn[n t ! f\r ess5tial elem5ts1 c>bon1 oxyg51 hydrog5 & nitrog51 :i* =m an important "p ( all animal comp\nds1 are also to be f\nd 9 great abundance 9 all vegetable comp\nds2 x is ow+ to ?is fact t diff]5t animals are n\ri%$ equally well on an exclusive diet ( ei!r4 ,! lion1 tig] & o!r animals :i* live exclusively on animal food1 give no evid5ce ( be+ bett] n\ri%$ ?an ! de]1 ! ox1 & animals :i* subsi/ :olly on vegetable food2 b ! app>atus = dige/ion 9 ea* class is con/ruct$ ) an evid5t adaptation to ! k9d ( diet on :i* ! diff]5t animals subsi/4 ,9 man ! dige/ive app>atus is m ext5sive ?an 9 fle%-eat+ animals1 b is less complicat$ ?an 9 ^? :i* are conf9$ to vegetable food alone4 ,man is !re=e omnivor\s1 bo? 9 8 /ructure & 9 8 habits4 ,b ! univ]sal t5d5cy ( mank9d gives pref]5ce to a mix$ diet4 ,! mo/ p]fect developm5t & ! greate/ individual vigor are to be f\nd among ^? races 9 :i* a mix$ diet is ! preval5t habit4 ,dur+ ! w>m season vegetables & fruits may be made ! means ( great mis*ief or ( great good4 ,p]fectly ripe fruits or vegetables are highly useful & well adapt$ to ! wants ( ! sy/em at t season ( ! ye>2 yet !y may become1 & (t5 are1 a prolific s\rce ( disease4 ,s frequ5tly is ?is k9d ( food a cause ( b[el compla9t t city physicians disc>d x :olly f ! diet ( *ildr5 n "u _! imm$iate sup]vision4 ,vegetables & e>ly fruits t h be5 long expos$1 9 a mal>i\s or fil?y m>ket1 or 9 transportation1 are unque/ionably dang]\s articles ( food = all p]sons4 ,b ! injuri\s consequ5ces :i* foll[ ! use ( ripe & :olesome vegetables & fruit are1 9 almo/ all cases1 ! results ( imprud5ce4 ,!y are ei!r 9 an improp] condition to be us$ z food1 or ! quantity is too great1 or !y are tak5 at improp] h\rs4 ,9 ei!r case !re is a great *ange 9 ! usual diet4 ,in/ead ( a lack ( refrig]ant food1 !re is n[ an excess ( x4 ,active f]m5tation takes place 9 ! process ( dige/ion1 & results 9 s]i\s d]angem5t 9 ! alim5t>y canal1 :i* leads to *ol]a morbus1 di>rha or dys5t]y4 ,dur+ w>m wea!r vegetables & fruit are to be reg>d$ z safe only :5 us$ z an accompanim5t to o!r food2 !y are n adapt$ to meet all ! wants ( ! sy/em1 & !re=e %\ld n con/itute a full meal at any "t4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 :]e ?is k9d ( food is enjoy$ daily 9 a prop] condition to be eat51 injuri\s consequ5ces are q r>e1 & !n !y are ! result ( an excess1 or ( an indulg5ce ( an appetite at irregul> h\rs4 ,mu* c>e is also requisite to prev5t imp]fect ma/ication ( ?is k9d ( food4 ,orange peel & ! sk9s & /ones ( *]ries1 plums & grapes are :olly indige/ible1 & (t5 cause s]i\s mis*ief :5 swall[$4 ,cucumb]s1 gre5 potatoes1 gre5 fruit ( all k9ds %\ld be :olly disc>d$ f ! diet4 ,,dr9ks4 ,wat] 9 "s =m is m ess5tial to our exi/5ce ?an any ( ! solid alim5ts we h yet consid]$1 & is next 9 importance1 9 ! p]=mance ( ! vital process1 to ! air we brea!4 ,wat] ent]s into ! =mation ( all ! v>i\s tissues ( ! body1 & con/itutes a v l>ge proportion ( ! human sy/em4 ,! blood conta9s ab\t eighty p] c5t41 ! fle% ab\t sev5ty-six p] c5t41 ( wat]2 & ( ! entire human body1 at lea/ sev5ty-five p] c5t41 or ?ree-f\r?s ( its weight1 is wat]4 ,! mo/ important purposes 9 ! animal economy are accompli%$ ?r\gh ?is m$ium4 ,9 ! blood1 ! solid vital elem5ts are transport$ by ! m$ium ( wat] f "o "p ( ! body to ano!r1 9 a =m & condition to promote ! vital *anges :i* are con/antly tak+ place4 ,9 exhalation1 secretion & absorption1 ! pres5ce ( wat] is indisp5sable4 ,x acts z a solv5t ( v>i\s alim5t>y sub/ances1 & ?us assi/s ! /oma* 9 ! act ( dige/ion2 ?\gh :5 tak5 9 l>ge quantities imm$iately aft] eat+ x dilutes ! ga/ric juice & h9d]s dige/ion4 ,wat] ent]s m or less l>gely into ! composition ( all alim5t>y sub/ances1 & is tak5 into ! /oma* 9 a pure /ate1 or =ms ! pr9cipal "p ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( dr9ks 9 use4 ,wat] is unque/ionably ! natural dr9k ( adults1 & meets ! wants ( ! body m p]fectly ?an any ( ! artificial liquids :i* are reg>d$ z improvem5ts on wat]4 ,:5ev] a man is left to ! crav+s ( in/9ct1 unbias$ by a vici\s appetite1 he inv>iably resorts to wat] z ! natural means to qu5* 8 ?ir/1 cool 8 sy/em1 & invigorate 8 wa/+ /r5g?4 ,:5 we say t wat] is ! only fitt+ dr9k = man's daily & habitual use1 we are su/a9$ by ! facts ( ! case4 ,wat] is ! only liquid :i* is necess>y to ! =mation1 developm5t & support ( 8 frame2 x is equal to all ! exig5cies ( ?ir/1 = ! relief ( pres5t inconv5i5ce1 & ( dilution1 by mix+ ) 8 blood & o!r fluids1 to prev5t fur!r suff]+s & disease4 ,,dige/ibility ,,( ,,alim5t>y ,,sub/ances4 ,! facility ) :i* alim5t>y sub/ances are dige/$1 dep5ds on a v>iety ( circum/ances4 ,"s k9ds ( food are naturally m difficult ( dige/ion ?an o!rs4 ,?is is especially ! case ) oily & fatty sub/ances1 :i* conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( nutritive matt] 9 a conc5trat$ =m4 ,t5d]ness ( fibre r5d]s ! dige/ive process m easy2 &1 !re=e1 all ^? circum/ances :i* affect ! texture ( fle% h an influ5ce on its dige/ibility4 ,viol5t muscul> ex]tion previ\s to ! dea? ( ! animal r5d]s ! fle% m easy ( dige/ion4 ,! fle% ( "y animals1 ?\gh m t5d] ?an ! fle% ( adult animals1 is frequ5tly n s easily dige/$4 ,( adult animals1 ! y\nge/ w be f\nd m t5d] & dige/ible ?an old animals4 ,vegetables are g5]ally m sl[ly dige/$ ?an meat4 ,m9ute division facilitates dige/ion2 h5ce1 if food is prop]ly ma/icat$1 ! process ( dige/ion w be m rapid ?an o!rwise4 ,"s v>iety ( food is unque/ionably m agreeable & m conducive to heal? ?an a diet limit$ to "o or a few simple articles4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d t1 :5ev] ! condition ( m5 w admit ( x1 !y univ]sally make use ( m or less v>iety ( alim5t>y sub/ances1 & t v>iety increases v mu* 9 proportion to ! weal? & ability :i* exi/s to gratify ! desires ( ! palate4 ,too great a v>iety ( alim5t>y sub/ances is always injuri\s :5 x becomes a temptation to excess4 ,?us1 a mu* l>g] am\nt ( food is tak5 ?an ! wants ( ! body require1 & m ?an ! dige/ive organs h ! capacity to dispose (4 ,x is impossible to po9t out to ea* individual ! k9d ( diet :i* w suit be/4 ,?is1 to "s ext5t1 mu/ be a matt] ( p]sonal obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,peculi>ities ( con/itution1 habits ( life1 age1 sex1 etc41 require modifications ( diet 9 accordance ) ! natural wants ( ea* individual4 ,ab/95ce f all t is f\nd or suspect$ to be injuri\s1 uni=m h\rs & temp]ate indulg5ce %\ld be obs]v$ by all :o value la/+ heal? m ?an ! m]e tempor>y gratification ( ! palate4 ,,clo?+4 ,dress does n make ! man1 b x is (t5 indicative ( 8 "*4 ,"s m5 dress 9 su* a mann] z to indicate t !y e/imate !mselves by ! co/ p] y>d ( ! g>m5ts !y we>2 o!rs dress s z to c>ry an impression ( p]fect indiff]5ce to ! feel+s & s5tim5ts ( ^? ar\nd !m4 ,bo? are wrong4 ,our p]sonal appe>ance1 :i* dep5ds to a great ext5t on dress1 is a matt] ( "s consequ5ce2 & ! man :o :olly disreg>ds ! cu/oms & habits ( o!rs 9 ?is respect w be v likely to be indiff]5t to ! s5tim5ts & feel+s ( society 9 o!r p>ticul>s1 & at lea/ may be 9 dang] ( pass+ = less ?an 8 true wor?4 ,b ! fop1 ^: only accompli%m5t is ! dress he we>s1 is usually despis$ z ?\ghtless & va94 ,! /yle ( dress :i* is mo/ to be comm5d$ is t :i* w n draw att5tion ei!r = its gaud9ess or its pla9ness4 ,! ext]nal appe>ance ( our clo?+ %\ld always be reg>d$ z less important ?an its practical uses1 inasmu* z bodily heal? is inf9itely m important ?an p]sonal appe>ance4 ,dur+ ! w>m season we require clo?+ :i* w protect ! body )\t reta9+ too l>ge an am\nt ( heat4 ,= ?is purpose we pref]1 9 summ]1 mat]ials :i* are good conductors ( heat4 ,cotton & wor/$1 ?\gh n z good conductors z l951 are usually f\nd suffici5tly cool = ! temp]ature ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 :]e ! climate is s *angeable t !re are b few days 9 ! season :5 l95 c be worn ) safety4 ,w9t] clo?+ %\ld correspond some:at ) ! exposure1 bo? 9 quality & am\nt4 ,! object to be s\ght 9 w9t] clo?+ is1 n to produce heat1 b to reta9 ! heat :i* ! body is con/antly evolv+4 ,wool5 is "o ( our be/ non-conductors ( heat1 & all g>m5ts =m$ f ?is mat]ial are reg>d$ z w>m clo?+4 ,all k9ds ( furs are good non-conductors1 b !y are liable to two s]i\s objections3 ,fir/1 furs are too w>m = ord9>y exposure1 & cause too great a *ange ( temp]ature :5 !y are remov$2 second1 !y prev5t ! escape ( p]spiration1 & conf9e x )9 ! g>m5ts usually worn inside ( ! fur4 ,! am\nt ( clo?+ %\ld dep5d on ! con/itutional vigor & ! exposure ( ea* individual4 ,indoors we require less ?an dur+ an outdoors exposure2 less :5 tak+ active ex]cise ?an :5 inactive4 ,! am\nt ( clo?+1 !re=e1 %\ld be suffici5t to insure a con/ant & uni=m protection aga9/ sudd5 *anges4 ,x is especially injuri\s to bundle up ! face & neck ) fur coll>s & %awls1 :i* are s w>m t colds w be induc$ :5 !y are remov$4 ,9 a *angeable climate1 ! con/ant we>+ ( flannel "u g>m5ts next to ! sk9 %\ld be recomm5d$4 ,flannel absorbs ! p]spiration & pres]ves a uni=m temp]ature ( ! surface ( ! body1 & prev5ts t s5se ( *ill9ess :i* we are liable to exp]i5ce )\t flannels4 ,,embalm+ ,,process ,,( ,,wor? ,,& ,,dur&4 ,?is process1 (t5 employ$ 9 ,europe1 has giv5 v satisfactory results1 & seems to des]ve a good deal ( att5tion4 ,! mode ( proce$+ diff]s 9 "s p>ticul>s f ! me?ods already giv52 also ! prep>ations us$ 9 ?is process are v diff]5t f ! o!rs1 al?\gh ! pr9ciples ^u :i* x is f\nd$ are ! same4 ,! solution employ$ z an inject+ fluid 9 ?is process is z foll[s3 ,ars5i\s acid1 #c ounces4 ,c>bonate ( soda1 #d ounces ,wat]1 #c qu>ts4 ,dissolve ! ars5i\s acid & soda 9 hot wat]1 9 a glass or porcela9 vessel1 &1 aft] solution1 let ! liquor cool (f2 !n add en\gh ( wat] to make up a gallon ( ! mixture4 ,9 ! mak+ & us+ ( ?is prep>ation a great am\nt ( c>e %\ld be ex]cis$1 z x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ars5i\s acid is a viol5t poison4 ,! /oma* is !n op5$1 z describ$ 9 =m] *apt]s1 & empti$ ( its cont5ts2 ! b[els1 also1 mu/ be subject$ to ! same process4 ,! tra*ea is punctur$1 & ! bron*ial tubes completely fill$ ) ! solution ?r\gh ! op5+ ?us made4 ,! /oma* & inte/9es %\ld also be inject$ ) ! solution1 & also ! surr\nd+ p>ts4 ,! ma9 po9t ( injection is ! common c>otid art]y4 ,be=e inject+ ! /oma* & b[els1 & be=e replac+ ! inte/9es into ! abdom9al cavity1 ! inf]ior v5a cava is punctur$ a little bel[ ! r5al ve91 & ! fl[ ( blood all[$ to take place 9 ! cavity1 f :5ce x may be ei!r spong$ or pump$ out4 ,! "r c>otid art]y is select$ z ! po9t ( injection1 in/ead ( ! left1 = ! foll[+ reasons3 ,! "r common c>otid art]y is %ort] ?an ! left2 x is also m ant]ior1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( proce$+ f a bran* in/ead ( f ! ma9 trunk1 is l>g] ?an its fell[4 ,! common c>otid art]y 9 ! neck is inclos$ 9 a fibr\s %ea?1 :i* also conta9s ! int]nal jugul> ve9 ly+ to ! out] side ( ! art]y1 & ! pneumoga/ric n]ve1 :i* lies betwe5 & beh9d bo?2 ! %ea? re/s on ! v]tebral column4 ,to ! inn] side ( ! c>otid is ! tra*ea & l>ynx2 to its out] side1 & inclos$ 9 its %ea?1 ! jugul> ve94 ,x may be inf]r$ f ! above t ! jugul> ve9 9 ! neck is 9 close proximity ) ! c>otid art]y1 & great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 punctur+ ! art]y n to injure ! ve9 ly+ at its side4 ,aft] ! injection has proce$$ upw>ds1 until ! art]ies ( ! head & neck are fill$1 a v small puncture may be cut into ! jugul> ve91 & ! blood all[$ to escape at t po9t & = a few m9utes1 until ! fl[ decreases1 :5 ! ve9 may be ti$ up4 ,! nozzle ( ! injector is !n turn$ 9 a d[nw>d direction1 & ! injection cont9u$ until a suffici5t quantity ( ! liquid has be5 inject$4 ,! art]y is !n ti$ up1 & ! w\nd neatly br\ght toge!r & sew$ up4 ,! blood :i* may h escap$ f ! v5a cava is tak5 out ( ! abdom9al cavity1 & ! /oma* & b[els inject$ ) ! solution4 ,"s ( ! same solution may also be p\r$ ar\nd ! b[els be=e & aft] _! be+ replac$ 9 _! =m] position1 & ! op5+ 9 ! abdom5 is !n clos$4 ,ano!r prep>ation1 :i* has be5 employ$ ) "s success1 0 z foll[s3 ,hyposulphite ( soda1 #ab ounces4 ,sulphuric acid1 #f ounces4 ,wat]1 #a gallon4 ,! sulphuric acid lib]ates ! hyposulphur\s acid1 :i* imm$iately decomposes into sulphur & sulphur\s acid4 ,x is to ! antiseptic prop]ties ( ! sulphur\s acid t ?is prep>ation owes its pres]v+ qualities4 ,a /rong solution ( bi*romate ( pota% has also be5 us$ sev]al times = an injection1 b ! result has n always prov$ satisfactory1 z ! liquid1 :5 conc5trat$1 is too mu* ( an oxydiz+ ag5t4 ,,miscellane\s4 ,:5 ! s]vices ( ! und]tak] are requir$1 ! p>ty or p>ties--g5]ally "s fri5d ( ! deceas$--:o may h *>ge ( ! arrangem5ts w1 9 a few words1 make ! und]tak] acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( ! case & ! p>ticul> duties he is expect$ to p]=m4 ,sometimes !y w !re & !n select ! /yle ( case or casket1 ord] ! c>riages1 & arrange all ! o!r details ( ! fun]al4 ,at o!r times1 aga91 ^! p>ticul> po9ts are to be decid$ ^u only aft] consult+ ! wi%es ( ! family 9 ?is respect4 ,9 ei!r case x is ! und]tak]'s mo/ imp]ative duty to ha/5 to ! h\se ( m\rn+ ) all ! implem5ts necess>y = wa%+1 lay+ out1 dress+1 & if necess>y pres]v+ ! body4 ,t is1 :]e ! p>ty has di$ at 8 own h\se2 =1 9 _m cases1 :]e dea? has tak5 place ei!r at a hotel1 bo>d+ h\se1 or any o!r place ( a l public "*1 ! proprietor !re( may wi% ! rema9s remov$1 at z %ort notice z conv5i5t1 to ! rooms ( ! und]tak]1 :]e ! rema9s may be prop]ly c>$ = )\t any annoyance or discom=t to ! o!r inmates4 ,be=e ! und]tak] br+s 9 any ( ! appliances necess>y to ! lay+ out ( ! corpse1 x w be well = him to make 8 entrance un9cumb]$1 & be introduc$ to ! p]sons pres5t4 ,he mu/ also view ! rema9s1 & make su* arrangem5ts or alt]ation 9 ! furniture ( ! room z may be necess>y to facilitate ! op]ation ( lay+ out1 wa%+1 etc4 ,! assi/ant may !n be call$ 91 & he %all dispose ( ! fun]al implem5ts accord+ to ! directions giv5 by ! und]tak]4 ,aft] ! prelim9>ies h ?us be5 dispos$ (1 none b ! intimate fri5ds or relatives ( ! deceas$ are all[$ to rema9 :ile ! "w ( dress+ ! corpse is be+ p]=m$4 ,?is is subs]vi5t to ! wi% & good judgm5t ( ! und]tak]1 :o is suppos$ to be ve/$ ) p[]s ( expell+ ^? ^: pres5ce is n ju/ifiable1 or reta9+ o!rs :o may h claim to ! privilege4 ,x %\ld be "h borne 9 m9d t ! "w mu/ be done z sil5tly & noiselessly z ! nature ( ! case admits (2 & t any subject ( disc\rse betwe5 ! und]tak] & 8 assi/ant1 n imm$iately connect$ ) ! matt] 9 h&1 is v mu* out ( place1 & w be reg>d$ by ! p]sons pres5t z a lack ( good mann]s1 n to say a disrespectful behavior4 ,let x be also rememb]$ t a mortu>y *amb] is n ! place fitly *os5 to consummate ! ult]ior arrangem5ts ( ! fun]al1 b "s o!r ap>tm5t 9 ! h\se1 or ev5 ! und]tak]'s own (fice1 are ! prop] places to p]fect subsequ5t proce$+s4 ,! lay+ out & dress+ ( ! body be+ complet$1 ! assi/ant may retire1 aft] hav+ c>efully remov$ :atev] articles may h be5 us$ 9 ! process2 :ile ! und]tak]1 :o may h "s directions to give ab\t ! prop] c>e ( ! body until ! "t ( burial1 or "s in/ructions to receive f ! p]sons 9 *>ge ( ! fun]al1 w wait until e po9t is settl$2 or "s o!r "t & place may be select$ = ! purpose4 ,x is n ! sph]e ( ! und]tak]1 especially at su* "t1 to press ) que/ions ! p>ties :om he may *ance to s]ve2 b he w abide 8 "t & accept _! decisions ) becom+ respect1 unless "s imp]ative object %\ld make x incumb5t ^u him to ha/5 ! proce$+s1 z1 = in/ance1 ! dang] ( contagion f "s infecti\s disease1 or "s o!r equally important reason4 ,9 ! matt] ( dress+ ! body1 especially if x be t ( a lady1 ?is duty is usually p]=m$ by "s lady atta*$ to ! e/abli%m5t1 or by "s lady fri5d ( ! deceas$1 al?\gh ! und]tak] is (t5 call$ to p]=m ?is (fice himself4 ,x is at su* a "t t good ta/e & ref9em5t w %[ conspicu\s 9 ! pr(essional und]tak]4 ,! same may be said ab\t ! floral decorations & ! ornam5t+ ( ! casket2 a c]ta9 am\nt ( good s\nd common s5se & discrim9ation %\ld be us$ 9 bo? cases4 ,"s p>ties w consid] x a m>k ( good ta/e to h b a few elegant & well *os5 gold or silv] trimm+s1 :ile o!rs w\ld consid] a sup]fluity ( ^! z ne$ful to ! complete decoration ( ! casket4 ,?is "p ( ! bus9ess mu/ be well und]/ood by ! und]tak]1 & x requires a c]ta9 am\nt ( tact to pamp] successfully to ! ta/e ( ! diff]5t p>ties he may be call$ ^u to s]ve4 ,! rema9s1 aft] be+ plac$ 9 ! c(f9 a few h\rs previ\s to ! "t ( ! fun]al1 d n require mu* ( 8 att5tion1 b he is expect$ to be on h& at ! specifi$ "t4 ,z ! he>se & c>riages arrive at ! h\se ( m\rn+ & take ! places allott$ to !m )\t confusion or unnecess>y noise1 ! und]tak] w see t ea* c>riage driv] has 8 place assign$ 9 ! cortge & obs]ves ! directions giv5 him4 ,! assi/ant /&s ready to receive ! casket & help ! pall be>]s 9 plac+ x prop]ly 9 ! he>se2 he w also see t ea* c>riage approa*es 9 "t & receives ! occupants1 z 8 employ] may direct4 ,%\ld ! religi\s c]emonies be p]=m$ 9 ! h\se ( ! deceas$1 8 duties w end !re until ! cemet]y is rea*$2 %\ld1 h[ev]1 ! s]vices be p]=m$ at "s public place ( wor%ip1 x w be 8 duty to prec$e ! arrival ( ! procession1 to see t ev]y?+ is 9 read9ess1 to give timely w>n+ to ! sexton1 & to assi/ 9 remov+ ! casket f ! he>se2 also 9 pres]v+ ord] 9 ! load+ & unload+ ( c>riages2 :ile ! und]tak] takes ! lead 9 ! c>ry+ ( ! rema9s into ! *ur*1 & w see t ! casket is laid up ) prop] c>e at ! place appo9t$4 ,! und]tak] is expect$ to occupy a position n f> remote f ! (ficiat+ cl]gyman1 s z to be )9 he>+ ( ! latt] %\ld x be necess>y = him to reque/ "s s]vice or make "s inquiries4 ,! fun]al s]vices ov]1 ! und]tak] is expect$ to lead ! m>* out ( ! *ur*1 prec$+ ! casket be>]s1 b foll[+ ! m9i/]1 :o1 9 _m in/ances1 w walk at ! head z f> z ! door4 ,! assi/ant w be f\nd ready to assi/ 9 plac+ ! casket 9 ! he>se1 z be=e m5tion$1 & w also h ! c>riages move up 9 ! "r ord]1 op5 & close ! c>riage doors1 :ile ! und]tak] u%]s ! occupants into ! vehicles4 ,! und]tak] may also require ! s]vices ( an assi/ant at ! grave1 b ?is w dep5d 9 great measure ^u ! nature ( ! fun]al itself1 :e!r x be ( a c]ta9 magnitude1 or if x be "o ( less importance4 ,?is brief elucidation ( ! duties ( an und]tak] 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 functions is n giv5 z a g5]al rule to be /rictly adh]$ to )\t any exception1 b m]ely z a gr\nd plan to "w ^u1 & to be subject to diff]5t modifications1 z circum/ances may require4 ,"o undisputable fact is1 t 9 ! g5]al managem5t ( a fun]al pageant1 & = ! bett] & m sy/ematic work+ ( ! details1 especially if ! fun]al is "o on a l>ge scale1 ! s]vices ( a well tra9$ assi/ant w be f\nd almo/ indisp5sable to ! und]tak]1 & w be conducive ( ! happie/ results 9 secur+ p]fect sy/em1 dispat*2 & also 9 prev5t+ delays & mi/akes1 :i* might o!rwise happ5 :]e ! responsibility & ! smoo? work+ ( ! :ole re/s ^u "o man4 ,! lay+ out1 wa%+1 dress+1 etc41 ( a corpse1 "u any & e circum/ance1 ought to be s sy/ematiz$ & arrang$1 t ei!r ! und]tak] or 8 assi/ant may be able to p]=m ^! duties alone & s+ly1 ) ease & promptness1 %\ld circum/ances s require4 ,z ! und]tak] is suppos$ to und]/& ! wants requir$ by diff]5t cases1 x w be 8 duty1 s soon z he is acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( ! cause ( dea?1 to take su* /eps z 8 exp]i5ce w sugge/1 z reg>ds ! safety ( ^? :o may tru/ him ) ! c>e ( prop]ly dispos+ ( ! rema9s4 ,%\ld ! disease be ( a contagi\s or infecti\s "*1 x w be incumb5t ^u ! und]tak] to see t p]fect v5tilation be e/abli%$ 9 ! *amb] :]e ! body lies2 t all clo?s :i* are remov$ f ! corpse be dispos$ ( 9 a cauti\s mann]2 t ! b$-clo!s be ei!r c>ri$ imm$iately out ( ! room & expos$ outside to ! light & heat ( ! sun1 or be burn$ up1 if ! "* ( ! disease be s dang]\s z to require x4 ,he w see t prop] means ( dis9fect+ ! h\se be us$1 s z to a great ext5t neutralize1 if n completely de/roy1 ! g]m ( ! epidemic4 ,a good prep>ation to combat noxi\s & poison\s miasma1 besides ! o!r dis9fect+ liquids :i* h be5 enum]at$ 9 previ\s *apt]s1 consi/s ( ! foll[+3 ,nitrate ( pota% 7saltpetre71 #f ounces4 ,wat]1 #b qu>ts4 ,sulphuric acid1 #d ounces4 ,dissolve ! nitrate ( pota% 9 ! wat]4 ,if ! wat] be mod]ately w>m x w dissolve quick]4 ,= ?is purpose use a l>ge *9a wa% b[l 7no metallic vessel71 :i* mu/ hold at lea/ twice ! am\nt ( ! solution1 or ab\t "o gallon4 ,:5 ! solution is complet$1 gradually p\r into x ! sulphuric acid2 x w eff]vesce1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 n to let any ( x fall on ! c>pet1 z x w n only de/roy ! color b also ! texture ( ! fabric2 ! eff]vesc5ce w1 h[ev]1 soon subside1 & ! f\l effluvia ( ! room w soon lose its (f5sive odor4 ,?is fumigation has be5 successfully employ$ 9 ,s\!rn cities1 9 times ( sev]e epidemics4 ,al?\gh x may be que/ion$ by "s :e!r or no ^! measures come )9 ! sph]e ( ! und]tak]'s duties1 x is by no means a reason :y !y %\ld be disc>d$ by our pr(essionals1 or :y und]tak]s %\ld n be famili> ) all ! means t w t5d to enhance ! success ( ! pr(ession1 z well z to promote ! com=t & safety ( ^? :om !y may be call$ ^u to s]ve2 besides ! cr$it !y w receive f ! family = _! well direct$ ef=ts 9 secur+ _! approval4 ,,*loride ,,( ,,lead ,,z ,a ,,deodoriz] ,,& ,,dis9fectant4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,goold5 calls att5tion 9 ! ,lancet to ! value ( *loride ( lead1 :i* he says is ! mo/ p[]ful deodoriz] & dis9fectant4 ,to prep>e x = use1 he directs to take half a dra*m ( nitrate ( lead1 dissolve 9 a p9t or m ( boil+ wat]2 !n dissolve two dra*ms ( common salt 9 a bucket ( wat]1 & mix ! two solutions toge!r2 all[ ! s$im5t to subside4 ,! cle> sup]natant fluid w be a solution ( *loride ( lead4 ,a clo? dipp$ 9 ?is solution & hung up 9 a room w sweet5 a fetid atmosph]e in/antane\sly2 or if ! solution be spr9kl$ ov] ! b$-clo!s or clo?+ ( a fa/ decompos+ body1 x w produce a l result4 ,ev5 ! t>ni%+ ( gold & silv] ornam5ts may be prev5t$1 by a rag dipp$ 9 ! solution be+ hung up 9 ! room or w9d[ :]e !y are expos$4 ,he relates "s /rik+ in/ances ( ! in/antane\s & effici5t action ( ?is prep>ation4 ,,dang]s ,,( ,,absorption ,,( ,,c>bolic ,,acid4 ,und]tak]s & o!rs us+ c>bolic acid to "s ext5t %\ld always use extreme caution 9 ! h&l+ ( x4 ,! c>elessness ) :i* c]ta9 pap]s take up "s popul> recipe is n always )\t its dang]s4 ,= in/ance1 !re appe>$ lately 9 "s public pr9t an article ^u ! poison ( vip]s1 :i* is v simil> to t ( ! virus f a putrefy+ corpse2 ! article recomm5d$ t c>bolic acid %\ld be imm$iately introduc$ into ! w\nd1 ! acid to be mix$ ) alcohol 9 ! proportion ( two to "o4 ,obs]ve ! (f-h& mann] ) :i* a toxic ag5t is spok5 (1 z if x 7 ! mo/ in(f5sive ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,9 ord] to try ! exp]im5t1 a cat 0 select$1 ^u ^: sk91 d5ud$ ( hair alone1 a saturat$ solution ( c>bolic acid 9 alcohol1 ) an equal quantity ( wat]1 0 rubb$2 ?is produc$ no effect2 b :5 ! same solution 0 rubb$ into a scrat* ^u ! end ( ! nose two or ?ree times1 ! animal fell imm$iately into convulsions & v %ortly succumb$4 ,prussic acid c\ld n h act$ m promptly4 ,! moral ( ?is exp]im5t is obvi\s4 ,,dis9fectants4 ,dr4 ,baxt] has execut$ a great numb] ( v c>eful exp]im5ts1 ) a view to te/+ ! diff]5t dis9fect+ prop]ties ( ! s-call$ dis9fectants commonly us$4 ,evid5ce 0 adduc$ to %[ t c>bolic acid1 sulphur1 p]manganate ( pota% & *lor9e are all end[$ ) true dis9fectant prop]ties1 ?\gh 9 v v>y+ degrees4 ,! effectual dis9fectant op]ation ( *lor9e & p]manganate ( pota% appe>$ to dep5d f> m on ! nature ( ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! p>ticles ( infective matt] are di/ribut$ ?an on ! specific "* ( ! p>ticles !mselves4 ,a virul5t liquid _c be reg>d$ z c]ta9ly & completely dis9fect$ by sulphur1 unless x has be5 r5d]$ p]man5tly & ?or\ghly acid4 ,no virul5t liquid c be consid]$ dis9fect$ by c>bolic acid1 unless x conta9s at lea/ two p] c5t41 by weight1 ( ! pure acid4 ,:5 dis9fectants are mix$ ) a liquid1 x is v important to make sure t !y are ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) x1 & t no solid matt]s capable ( %ield+ contagion f imm$iate contact ) its de/roy] be ov]look$4 ,a]ial dis9fection1 z commonly practis$ 9 ! sick room1 is ei!r useless or positively objectionable1 ow+ to ! false s5se ( security x is calculat$ to produce4 ,to make ! air ( a room smell /rongly ( c>bolic acid1 by scatt]+ c>bolic p[d] ab\t ! floor1 or ( *lor9e1 by plac+ a tray ( *loride ( lime 9 a corn]1 is1 s f> z ! specific de/ruction ( contagion is conc]n$1 an utt]ly futile proce$+4 ,! practical result ( ^! exp]im5ts goes to prove1 fir/1 t dry heat1 :5 x c be appli$1 is probably ! mo/ p]fect ( all dis9fectants2 second1 t ! old plan ( /opp+ up crevices & fumigat+ ) sulphur & *>coal is m efficaci\s ?an any o!r proce$+ ) m mod]n dis9fectants2 ?ird1 t ! use ( c>bolic vapor = dis9fect+ purposes %\ld be ab&on$1 ow+ to ! relative feebl5ess & unc]ta9ty ( its action4 ,a ,,reliable ,,sign ,,( ,,dea?4 ,?is sign consi/s 9 ! abs5ce ( contraction ( ! pupil1 aft] puncture ( ! cornea & evacuation ( ! aque\s humor4 ,:5 ! pupil contracts1 life is /ill pres5t2 :5 x rema9s immovable1 x is a c]ta9 sign ( dea?4 ,! puncture ( ! cornea may be made ) a cat>act knife1 or ev5 an ord9>y lancet4 ,x is a h>mless op]ation4 ,,rapid ,,decay ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,/ructure4 ,"u ?is head+1 we w pres5t to our read]s an essay ^u ! causes ( ! dissolution ( ! human body4 ,! writ]1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,,ball1 ( ,bangor1 ,mi*igan1 :o publi%$ ! foll[+ 9 ,,! ,,casket ( ,m>*1 #ahgg1 has k9dly all[$ u to republi% x1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o h n read x1 & also z a pro( t ! !ories advanc$ 9 ?is volume _c be refut$4 ,we give ! article at l5g?4 ,! /atem5ts advanc$ 9 ! essay1 also ! c\rse ( treatm5t adopt$ 9 ! pres]vation ( bodies1 w be f\nd to possess great simil>ity ) ! diff]5t me?ods h]e9 giv54 ,,by ,w4 ,w4 ,,ball4 ,z soon z ! vital action ceases1 decomposition ensues 9 ! sub/ances :i* 7 be=e ! v elem5ts ( life1 viz43 blood1 lymph1 *yme1 *yle & ga/ric juice1 become active ag5ts 9 its de/ruction4 ,9 ! blood1 ! mo/ important ag5t dur+ life1 z soon z life ceases x becomes "o ( ! fir/ to produce t black5$1 putrid & sl\gh+ condition we f9d %ortly aft] dea?4 ,! blood be+ left 9 e "p ( ! body1 x breaks up & =ms new comp\nds1 ( :i* only a g5]al outl9e is atta9able1 = want ( def9ite *emical analysis or microscopical obs]vation4 ,! fibr9e & s]um sep>ate2 ! =m]1 :i* conta9s mo/ ( ! r$ corpuscles1 album51 sal9e & fatty sub/ances1 glut9ates or coagulates on ! sides ( ! vessels !mselves1 :ile ! s]um p]meates ! surr\nd+ tissues1 unit+ ) oxyg5 c>ri$ (f f ! pulmon>y /ructure dur+ life1 & ^!1 hav+ an aff9ity = ! tissues1 =m ^? comp\nds t]m$ sulphurett$ & c>burett$ hydrog5 gases1 giv+ rise to t effluvium :i* *>act]ize deceas$ bodies4 ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,blood4 ,aft] dea? ! blood is f\nd 9 two =ms4 ,?is is ow+ to c]ta9 diseases & circum/ances4 ,! fir/ is enc\nt]$ :5 dea? has ensu$ aft] a long /age ( sickness4 ,! vital fluids become exhau/$ by disease1 & ! organs ( circulation become too weak to p]=m _! (fice ( circulat+ ! fluid !y conta92 h5ce1 dissolution takes place 9 ! blood f want ( con/ant & rapid action4 ,?us ! fibr9e becomes lodg$ & coagulat$ 9 ! ve9s & capill>y sy/em4 ,! fibr9e & s]um sep>ate1 leav+ ! fibr9e coagulat$ or clott$1 & ! s]um1 a transp>5t1 fatty or oily liquid1 p]meates ! tissues ( ! fle%4 ,usually ! art]ies are f\nd )\t any blood rema9+ 9 !m4 ,9 in/ances ( ?is k9d !re w be no difficulty enc\nt]$ f ! corpse turn+ black1 z ! gases _c =ce ! blood to ! surface into ! capill>y sy/em1 because ! fibr9e is lodg$ else:]e1 b ! fle% may turn br[n or saffron color to "s ext5t4 ,,difficult ,,cases4 ,! second condition ( ! blood is f\nd :5 dea? result$ f accid5t or %ort duration ( sickness4 ,9 ^! in/ances !re is usually a l>ge abundance ( fluids rema9+ 9 ! sy/em4 ,^! fo/] f]m5tation 9 e /ructure1 & evolve ! gases s rapidly z to cause ! cavities ( ! ?orax & abdom5 to become ext5d$ to _! utmo/ capacity ) gases t induce ! blood to leave ! vessels 9 ! ?orax & appe> at ! surface 9 ! capill>y sy/em4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! fibr9e & s]um ( ! blood rema9 toge!r 9 an inky or eccymos$ condition4 ,?us x is obs]v$ t ! gases are s rapidly evolv$ by ! de/ructive fluids1 t be=e ! fibr9e coagulates x is =c$ f ! vessels ( ! ?orax 7especially ! sup]ior v5a cava71 & caus$ to appe> above ! surface into ! neck & face4 ,! great pressure ( ! gases depresses ! vessels ( ! ?orax 9 ! same mann] t x does ! /oma* :5 purg+ takes place1 :i* occurs inv>iably :5ev] ! /oma* conta9s any movable matt]4 ,! lymph1 *yle & *yme1 :i* are ! same or simil>1 z soon z dea? ensues take on new molecul> *anges2 ! lymph especially1 :i* is reta9$ 9 all ! gl&s & vessels ( ! lymphatic sy/em1 ent]s into ! process ( decomposition1 fo/]+ putrefaction 9 ! :ole /ructure2 :ile ! ga/ric juice1 a peculi> fluid s subs]vi5t to dige/ion1 :i* affects ! food only dur+ life1 imm$iately attacks ! sub/ances ( ! /oma* :5 life is ext9ct1 9 ! same or simil> mann] z x affect$ ! food dur+ life1 corrod+ & completely de/roy+ ev]y?+ ) :i* x comes 9 contact1 z !re is no vitality to resi/ its action4 ,elem5ts hav+ o!r aff9ities1 & ! organism g5]ally1 hurry back to _! primeval /ate4 ,nature kn[s no delays4 ,! "w to be done is to disorganize ! body & de/roy its =m4 ,?is is ! "w ( heat1 moi/ure1 air & g]ms 9 unison1 caus+ ! fluids & tissues ( ! body to decay rapidly1 :ile ! album5oid matt]s are decompos$ into fetid gases escap+ into ! air1 :i* 9 a %ort "t accompli% ! "w ( dissolution1 leav+ ! body a mass ( corruption & ! receptacle ( myriads ( g]ms ( microscopic be+s4 ,! corpse is _! natural alim5t1 & dea? _! *os5 laboratory4 ,! products ( putrefy+ animal matt] are c>bonic acid1 wat]1 ammonia & c>burett$ hydrog5 gases1 :i* are g5]ally mix$ ) v>i\s portions ( phosphurett$ & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gases4 ,! black5$ or mortifi$ appe>ance 9 ^? in/ances is usually caus$ by ! eccymos$ or d>k blood f ! vessels ( ! ?orax 7especially ! sup]ior v5a cava74 ,! great pressure ( ! gases 9 ! abdom5 & ?orax prev5ts ! liquid f gravitat+ to ! regions ( ! he>t & l>ge vessels1 produc+ ! black & livid appe>ance ( ! face & neck by its ret5tion 9 ! capill>y sy/em ( ! epid]mis4 ,man has be5 faceti\sly describ$ z twelve p\nds ( solid matt] wet up ) six pails ( wat]2 h5ce1 ! great abundance ( wat] 9 ! human /ructure gives ! necess>y mobility = putrefaction4 ,?is is prov5 by ?is fact3 t by dry+ ! animal sub/ances !y are completely pres]v$4 ,x is ?us t ! bodies ( ^? p]i%+ 9 ! ,arabian des]ts are recov]$ ye>s subsequ5tly1 dri$1 b o!rwise fre% & life-l4 ,?is fact also proves t ! atmosph]e & climate 9 ,asia is f> m favorable = ! pres]vation ( animal sub/ances ?an 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ! writ] ?9ks x has f> m to d 9 pres]v+ ! _m ?\s& mummies ( ! anci5t ,egyptians ?an any art or untold sci5ce4 ,if x 7 n = want ( space1 ,i w\ld dwell m ^u ?is subject2 b z ! public g5]ally h no desire to be waft$ into untold c5turies1 ,i %all conf9e ?is writ+ to fur!r ! progress ( sci5ce 9 ?is direction1 if possible4 ,hav+ no secret no/rum to impose ^u ! public1 ,i w (f] a few h9ts :i* ,i hope w prove to be ( importance to ! pr(ession g5]ally4 ,,embalm+ ,,processes4 ,= *emical embalm+1 x is well kn[n to ^? hav+ exp]i5ce z und]tak]s & embalm]s1 t 9 ord] to successfully p]=m ?is k9d ( "w1 x requires k z well z exp]i5ce4 ,! v>i\s circum/ances enc\nt]$ necess>ily gov]n ! "w4 ,9 ! writ]'s exp]i5ce1 he f9ds t :5 difficult & ob/9ate cases are to be reta9$ = "s l5g? ( "t 7especially 9 w>m wea!r71 x w be necess>y to complete ! "w ) c>e4 ,a v important matt] 9 ?is "w is to r5ovate ! /oma* ?or\ghly2 !n1 ) simple in/rum5ts1 simil> to an aspirator ne$le or troc>1 give v5t to ! gases & ?us expel !m f ! cavities ( ! sy/em4 ,!n1 ) pump1 draw (f or =ce out ! fluids & gases f ! organs ( circulation1 & 9 ?is mann] dis9fect ! body z f> z possible4 ,elevate ! head & %\ld]s = ! purpose ( lett+ ! inky fluid gravitate f ! capill>y sy/em ( ! face to ! l>ge vessels ( ! ?orax4 ,?is w r5ew ! life's *>act]i/ics 9 a rem>kable & satisfactory mann]1 if ! gases be prop]ly remov$4 ,a simple me?od ( dispos+ ( ! ga/ric juice ( ! /oma* is to inject into ! nose or m\? "o or two ounces ( an aque\s solution ( any p[]ful antiseptic1 simil> to ^? m5tion$ 9 ?is article1 & aft] a few mom5ts c>ry ! head (f ! b$1 &1 by g5tly press+ ! /oma*1 empty its cont5ts4 ,?is w prev5t fur!r difficulty f purg+1 if refill$ ) ! solution & c>efully seal$4 ,ins]t an in/rum5t into ! tra*ea1 & ?us give v5t to ! gases 9 ! lungs1 & inject full ( ! solution4 ,9 ! same mann] dispose ( ! gases f ! ?orax1 & fill ) solution4 ,also1 ! abdom9al cavities1 by complet+ ?us1 w pres]ve ! visc]a4 ,! reag5ts or coagulants spok5 ( r5d] ! album5oids or azotiz$ mat]ial incapable ( putrefaction1 by ! imp]vi\s nature ( ! comp\nds x =ms ( all sub/ances t h prote9 = _! base1 z ! tissues readily absorb ! pres]v+ solutions aft] be+ prep>$ z m5tion$ above4 ,?is unites ! antiseptic & deodoriz+ ag5t ) ! v sub/ances t x is necess>y to r5d] inactive 9 ord] to successfully reta9 ! rema9s ( deceas$ p]sons4 ,,deodoriz+ ,,ag5ts4 ,! foll[+ are v good antiseptics & deodoriz+ ag5ts3 ,*loride ( z9c1 corrosive sublimate1 hyposulphite1 oxymuriate ( m]cury1 c>bolic acid1 bic>bonate ( potassa1 aque\s solution ( alum9a4 ,! two latt] may be r5d]$ m subs]vi5t by comb9+ !m ) ! high] oxides4 ,! metallic salts are mu* ! be/ = *emical embalm+1 if prop]ly us$4 ,! rema9s ( dr[n$ p]sons may be prep>$ 9 ! mann] z above1 ) no small degree ( success1 z giv+ v5t to ! gases & freely apply+ antiseptics & deodoriz+ ag5ts w readily correct1 to a great ext5t1 ! difficulties ?us enc\nt]$ by ?is process4 ,we h remov$ ! mo/ de/ructive fluids1 or effect$ a comb9ation ) !m1 ?us prev5t+ ! f]m5t+ process & disp]s+ ! gases1 r5d]+ ! body absolutely free f ^? disagreeable & noxi\s odors :i* are t]m$ phosphurett$ & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gases1 z well z l[ types or g]ms ( disease1 :ile ! life's *>act]i/ics 9 ?is /ate ( pres]vation inv>iably pres5t a mo/ pleasant appe>ance1 allay+ all natural repugnance to ! dead1 z !y seem s natural & life-l1 & rema9 9 ?is /ate ( pres]vation = a great l5g? ( "t1 ei!r 9 transit or v>i\s *anges ( atmosph]e1 :ile ?is mann] ( op]ation is simple & )\t complication1 af=d+ appropriate means t und]tak]s may apply successfully & save !mselves annoyance1 "t1 labor & exp5se1 by a little practice & obs]v+ closely ! directions h]e9 giv54 ,! enlight5m5t ( ! public dem&s m att5tion to ^! important matt]s1 z !re is no necessity = ! untimely & indec5t burial ( ! lov$ b un=tunate victims ( mortality1 :5 due obs]vance is giv5 to ! progress ( art 9 mod]n sci5ce4 ,to successfully reta9 ! dead = su* a p]iod ( "t z w enable ! b]eav$ fri5ds to make su* arrangem5ts = burial z ! occasion may require1 )\t ! necessity ( mutilat+ or evisc]at+ 9 ! horrible mann] t has be5 practis$ 9 _m in/ances1 has be5 ! design ( ! writ]1 :o has devot$ mu* "t 9 ! "w1 & hopes1 ) ! aid ( o!rs1 9 ! no di/ant future1 to make su* additional sugge/ions & contributions z w practically apply to ! wants ( ! pr(ession1 z well z meet ! approbation ( a grateful public4 ,sci5tific rese>* has def9$ & e/abli%$ ^? fix$ laws ( nature ) t precision :]eby organic matt]s may be trac$ to _! simple elem5ts4 ,we w h]e9 endeavor to v briefly trace1 z f> z possible1 ! *emical *anges t are obs]v$ 9 dead animal matt]4 ,we ass]t t 9 ! majority ( cases 7) a giv5 temp]ature ma9ta9$71 ! fir/ describ$ subject w be ! fir/ to become an uncontrollable mass f ! ag5ts ( putrefaction2 fir/1 simply by ! abundance ( ^? fluids conta9$ 9 subjects t imm$iately become active ag5ts ( dissolution1 :ile su* ag5ts h be5 completely exhau/$ by ! disease ( ! second4 ,! app>5t heal?y condition ( ! fle% aft] dea? is produc$ by ! favorable temp]ature t is ma9ta9$1 dryness ( ! atmosph]e1 etc41 toge!r ) ! g5]al favorable conditions ( ! subject1 :i* w r5d] ! pres]vation ( su* rema9s q p]fect1 9 "s in/ances = a surpris+ly long "t4 ,x is %[n t disease ( long /&+ completely exhau/s ! vital fluids be=e dea?1 especially :5 ! functions ( ! body h fail$ to produce ! necess>y nutrition4 ,?us x w be obs]v$ t ! process ( decomposition is v diff]5t ?an :5 ! sy/em is full ( album5oids & wat]y fluids1 not)/&+ ! tissues may h be5 seiz$ ^u by putridity be=e dea?4 ,) consumptives1 ! disease r$uces ! fle% to dry p>*m5t1 or ne>ly s1 leav+ b a v small portion ( wat] 9 ! sy/em4 ,h5ce1 z putrefaction is impossible 9 ! abs5ce ( moi/ure1 & ! active ag5t1 album51 equally r$uc$1 decomposition ( su* sub/ances t rema9 ensues only by a process ( decay1 sl[ combu/ion or oxidation1 ! sl[ly unit+ ( oxyg5 ) ! sub/ance4 ,9 ?is ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! animal tissues break up into simpl] comp\nds by ! *emical *anges t nature produces1 & diff]s f o!r =ms ( putrefaction only by ! l5g? ( "t employ$4 ,9 cases l typhoid fev]1 ! fle%1 aft] dea?1 assumes m ( a putrid & sl\gh+ condition1 z ! fluids are n s completely exhau/$ z 9 ! =m] disease1 ?us leav+ m ( ! active ag5ts 9 ! body = its imm$iate de/ruction4 ,:5 dea? is ! result ( a putrid malady1 putrefaction beg9s almo/ imm$iately :5 ! body gr[s cold2 its effects are noticeable mu* soon] :5 ! atmosph]e is w>m4 ,9 g5]al1 9 our climate1 ! "w ( decomposition becomes evid5t aft] f ?irty-five to =ty h\rs4 ,its fir/ effects are noticeable on ! sk9 ( ! /oma*2 ?is takes on a gre5i% discoloration1 :i* soon spreads & cov]s ! :ole surface ( ! body2 at ! same "t ev]y?+ is seiz$ ^u by :at is t]m$ putridity2 ! moi/ p>ts s(t5 & decay2 little by little ! fle% s9ks & gr[s wat]y1 & is ?us c>ri$ away or burn$ up by ! air's oxyg54 ,& n[1 de> read]1 we w\ld impress y\r m9d ) ! fact t ! mom5t ( ! appe>ance ( putrefaction absolutely v>ies ) ! degree ( outw>d temp]ature1 ! causes ( dea?1 & ! g5]al condition ( ! rema9s1 & j 9 accordance to ! quantity ( fluids rema9+ 9 ! sy/em4 ,! degree ( difficulty 9 reta9+ ! life's *>act]i/ics are enc\nt]$1 fir/1 because ( ! album5oids1 ! active ag5ts ( putrefaction2 second1 ! l>ge p] c5t4 ( wat] !y conta92 h5ce we h ! necess>y mobility ( putrefaction1 & ! v sub/ances t are mo/ prone to ! active f]m5ts1 unit$ ) ! ag5ts ( disorganization1 vibrois & bact]ia1 or r ! g]ms ( ^? ?read-l corpuscles :i* p5etrate ! sk9 & w9d _! way ?r\gh ! ducts into ! vessels ( circulation1 :i* seem to conduct ! rabid elem5t to e /ructure4 ,! liv+ g]ms t collect on ! surface ( ! body & 9 ! dige/ive canal1 develope1 multiply1 pi]ce into all ! po9ts ( ! organism1 & produce 9 x a complete sep>ation ( all ! tissues & humors4 ,:5 p]sons h be5 kill$ sudd5ly1 !re be+ no disease to tamp] ) ! functions ( ! body1 ! process ( nutrition w\ld be complete until ! v mom5t ! vitality is remov$2 h5ce ! supply ( fuel = ?is fire ( dissolution4 ,! corruption ( ^! animal matt]s is n m possible ?an ! f]m5tive action ( glut5 9 grape juice1 & precisely ! same4 ,:5 ^! animal matt]s ma9ta9 a high temp]ature1 ! products =m$ are said to be de/ructive di/illation4 ,_m cases are record$ ( simil> /ages ( decomposition1 :i* is an app>5t spontane\s combu/ion1 r5ew+ ! normal temp]ature ( life1 _m times giv+ flu%ness to ! *eeks1 & ?us appe>+ to h life r5ew$1 not)/&+ ! body _h be5 cold = _m h\rs previ\s to ?is ph5om5on tak+ place1 ! result ( a peculi> *emical action4 ,b ^! in/ances seldom or nev] occur1 :ile ! difficulty enc\nt]$ is 9 completely r$uc+ ! heat f ! bodies ( ^? p]sons kill$ by accid5t1 :i* fact r5d]s ! successful pres]vation ( su* rema9s = any l5g? ( "t utt]ly impossible1 z ! fetid gases are evolv$ 9 su* great abundance z to lit]ally cook ! fle% & escape into ! air4 ,develop$ 9 ! cadav]\s odor1 a pung5t & ammoniacal /5*1 except !re be prompt application ( "s p[]ful *emical reag5t1 ) :i* ! organiz$ mat]ial may ent] into comb9ation & ?us ov]come ! delivellant t5d5cies ( ! aff9ities ( its elem5ts4 ,if ice is us$ & ! temp]ature ( ! body r$uc$ bel[ #cb1 ! wat] 9 ! sy/em is froz51 :i* acts z if ! tissues _h be5 dri$1 & putrefaction is ?us arre/$ = su* "t z ! prop] temp]ature is ma9ta9$4 ,,practices ,,:i* ,,mu/ ,,be ,,aboli%$4 ,"s usages :i* seem to be sanction$ by long practice1 b n by any rem>kable am\nt ( good judgm5t1 ought to be disc\nt5anc$ & done away )1 simply ^u ! gr\nd t ^! acts conflict directly ) all sanit>y laws1 & to a great ext5t endang] ! lives ( ! p]sons :o may be pres5t4 ,/ill1 ^! repeat$ transgressions ^u ! common precaution>y measures aga9/ contagion are n ! result ( a desire to d wrong1 nei!r d !y always arise f %e] ignorance1 b !y are almo/ always caus$ by an utt] disreg>d ( ev5 ! simple/ prud5ce4 ,= in/ance1 h[ (t51 :]e a *ild has succumb$ to ! attack ( "s infecti\s disease1 l sc>let fev]1 diph!ria1 etc41 h[ (t5 w p>5ts1 reg>dless ( ! contagi\s "* ( ! disease1 insi/ ^u kiss+ ! pallid lips ( ! corpse1 &1 moreov]1 invite o!r *ildr5 to foll[ ! same dang]\s practice4 ,& aga91 ano!r prolific s\rce ( disease lies 9 ! fact t fun]al s]vices w be conduct$ 9 a close1 w>m1 ill v5tilat$ room1 cr[d$ ) a sympa?iz+ audi5ce1 9 close proximity to a corpse emitt+ f\l & infecti\s effluvia1 & inhal+ ^! into ! sy/em4 ,x is true t ^! same noxi\s gases may n always be detect$ by ! smell1 z ! floral ornam5tations1 ! cr[d$ /ate ( ! room1 etc41 all t5d to disguise any unpleasant odors2 b ! g]m ( contagion is /ill !re & actively at "w4 ,x is a fact1 pat5t & und5iable1 t c>elessness 9 ! keep+ & dispos+ ( bodies is an act ( guilty neglect1 & ! soon] ! community be made acqua9t$ ) ! dang] att5d+ su* practices z ^? above spok5 (1 ! bett] x w be = ! en=cem5t ( ^? sanit>y measures :i* are necess>y 9 e well regulat$ city or t[n4 ,we h already spok5 ( dang]s to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! h&l+ ( bodies1 b ! subject is ( s mu* importance to und]tak]s1 & conc]ns ! pr(ession s closely1 t x may n be amiss "h to r5ew our =m] cautions1 also to add a few m sugge/ions1 s z to modify ! dang] !re(1 ev5 if x _c be completely eradicat$4 ,,dang]s ,,aris+ ,,f ,,h&l+ ,,! ,,dead4 ,to ^? :o1 l physicians1 /ud5ts & nurses1 are almo/ con/antly ?r[n into direct contact ) e =m ( epidemic1 contagi\s & infecti\s diseases1 ! dang]s aris+ !refrom are consid]able4 ,b und]tak]s are expos$ to a /ill great] risk1 namely3 t ( h&l+ ! rema9s ( ^? :o h di$ f ! effects ( ^? same diseases4 ,n only d !y h to gu>d aga9/ ! infecti\s "* ( ! contagion1 b !y h also to protect !mselves aga9/ ! malignant effluvia :i* emanates f ! victims ( ! contagion aft] dis9tegration ( ! body has tak5 place1 ! nause\s & sick5+ gases :i* are g5]at$ by decay1 & ! deadly virus :i* may be innoculat$ into ! sy/em1 ei!r ?r\gh "s puncture or abrasion ( ! sk92 ! virul5t effects ( ! poison may be c>ri$ c>elessly to ! m\?1 ! nose or ! eyes by a ?\ghtless action4 ,too mu* c>e _c be ex]cis$ by und]tak]s 9 h&l+ a corpse1 especially if ! subject is kn[n to be afflict$ ) "s infecti\s or malignant compla9t4 ,/ill1 ! precautions g5]ally 9 use among und]tak]s1 & ! diff]5t prep>ations t are commonly recomm5d$ z prev5tives1 are useless 9 mo/ cases1 z !re are conditions ( ! sy/em :i* w increase ! dang]1 & 9 "s in/ances leave x op5 to ! insidi\s attacks ( disease & contagion4 ,too mu* importance has be5 atta*$1 s f>1 by und]tak]s1 to ! artificial means devis$ by "s1 "u ! names ( pres]vatives1 antidotes1 etc41 etc4 ,! reliance plac$ on !m1 9 a great _m cases1 has prov$ futile1 & al?\gh "s possess real & undisput$ m]it1 !y prov$ ineffectual :5 ! sy/em has be5 influ5c$ by ! foll[+ ,,conditions ,,( ,,! ,,sy/em1 :i* w increase ! dang] ( contagion3 ,fe>4--,almo/ 9 e case1 if a p]son is br\ght 9 sudd5 contact ) ! rema9s ( "o :o has di$ ( ei!r *ol]a1 small pox1 yell[ fev]1 or any ( ^? t]rible epidemic & contagi\s diseases :i* w 9 a few weeks decimate a popul\s city1 ! feel+ w be "o ( repulsive horror2 9 "s ?is feel+ w am\nt to absolute fe>1 :i* w %[ itself 9 ! dilat$ pupil1 ! blea*$ c\nt5ance1 & ! mom5t\s =ebod+s :i* assail ! m9d & pr$ispose ! sy/em to ! attacks ( ! disease4 ,9 ?is case1 ! m9d influ5ces ! body to su* an ext5t t ! disease has already fa/5$ itself ^u ! sy/em1 be=e ! fir/ symptoms are felt4 ,ano!r & pot5t cause ( dang] is t :i* proce$s f a debilitat$ condition ( ! sy/em1 ! causes ( :i* are num]\s3 ov]-ex]tion ( ei!r ! body or ! m9d2 labor c>ri$ on incessantly )\t due reg>d to relaxation2 imp]fect nutrition1 or long fa/1 are all causes :i* w t5d to r5d] ! sy/em m vuln]able to ! aggressions ( sickness4 ,b ! mo/ p]nici\s & fatal ( all mi/akes1 is t ( us+ /imulants to w>d (f ! effects ( contagion4 ,h[ _m ( our pr(essionals & _! assi/ants h giv5 way to ! use ( ard5t spirits1 "u ! delusion t x 0 absolutely necess>y1 to avoid ! noxi\s effects ( infecti\s diseases4 ,x is a well au!nticat$ fact1 & "o wor?y ( notice1 t p]sons :o g5]ally indulge 9 ! use ( spiritu\s liquors1 ev5 9 a mod]ate quantity1 are ^? :o are fir/ attack$ by epidemic or contagi\s diseases1 & :o almo/ always fall victims to x4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! case ( a surgeon ab\t to p]=m a dang]\s op]ation4 ,8 fir/ inquiry w be ab\t ! habits ( ! pati5t2 he kn[s well en\gh t a man addict$ to dr9k w n be> up "u ! trial4 ,! only means we h to protect ourselves f ! dang]s ( infection f dead bodies are1 fir/1 a p]fect v5tilation ( ! room :]e ! rema9s lie1 s z to obviate ! bad t5d5cy :i* ! air ( ! dea?-*amb] might h ^u ! sy/em4 ,att5tion mu/ also be paid to ! diet2 ! food eat5 %\ld be g5]\s & nutriti\s1 & x is prop] to take a small quantity ( w9e at a "t :5 ! body & m9d are debilitat$ by long & exhau/ive manipulation ( ! dead1 b avoid all excess ( fluids or solids4 ,temp]ance is /rictly necess>y4 ,w\nds receiv$ :ile h&l+ a corpse %\ld n be neglect$2 if a simple abrasion1 x %\ld be cov]$2 if prick$1 ! liquid muriate ( ammonia or cau/ic potass are recomm5d$ to be appli$ z caut]ies4 ,^! are ! e>ly measures to be pursu$2 b aft] absorption has tak5 place1 a diff]5t c\rse mu/ be practis$1 & a good physician consult$ )\t delay4 ,! g>m5ts ord9>ily worn %\ld nev] be br\ght into direct contact ) ! rema9s ( a p]son ta9t$ ) "s infecti\s disease4 ,b x is to ! h&s we mu/ pay p>ticul> att5tion4 ,gangr5\s or syphilitic sores may be f\nd on a subject1 9 :i* case extreme caution mu/ be ex]t$2 ! h&s %\ld be fir/ well rubb$ ) l>d or sweet oil mix$ ) c>bolate ( camphor1 & ?or\ghly wa%$ aft] ! h&l+ ( ! body is ov]2 !n ! h&s %\ld be well soak$ 9 *lor9at$ soda 7,lab>raque solution71 z ! dis9fect+ prop]ties ( *lor9e w be f\nd "h p>ticul>ly useful4 ,if ! above sugge/ions are fai?fully foll[$1 !y w be f\nd to greatly dim9i% ! dang]s att5d+ ! h&l+ ( ! dead--dang]s :i* c nev] be entirely avoid$4 ,,managem5t ,,& ,,discipl9e ,,( ,,an ,,und]tak+ ,,e/abli%m5t4 ,mu* ( ! success ( an und]tak+ e/abli%m5t w be dep5d5t1 n only ^u ! head ( ! firm himself1 b also ^u ! discipl9e ma9ta9$ among ^? to :om ! details ( ! bus9ess are entru/$2 & ! difficulties surr\nd+ prop] managem5t w increase z x ext5ds & involves ! employm5t ( m num]\s op]atives1 unless ! g5]al duties ( all are specifically laid d[n1 & ! p>ticul> duties ( ea* well def9$ & insi/$ ^u4 ,! rules :i* foll[ 7 prep>$ by a g5tleman ( consid]able exp]i5ce & unusual success 9 bus9ess2 !y 7 design$ = a /ore employ+ ?ree assi/ants4 ,al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 !y require modifications to suit ! circum/ances ( diff]5t e/abli%m5ts1 _! g5]al t5or is adapt$ to all1 & ! high tone ( pr(essional & moral aptitude !y require r5d]s !m wor?y ! acceptance ( e assi/ant :o w\ld des]ve ! approval ( 8 employ]1 & ( e employ] :o desires ! be/ int]e/s ( 8 assi/ants4 ,,specific ,,duties ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,assi/ant4 #a/4--,to see t ! specific duties ( ! o!r assi/ants are promptly & well p]=m$4 #b;d4--,to att5d to mail ord]s f deal]s 9 ! c\ntry2 select ! goods to be pack$ up & s5t out2 to wait on cu/om]s1 etc41 t ! two o!r assi/ants may n be h9d]$ 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties4 #c;d4--,he is to att5d to ! lay+ out ( bodies2 & 9 ! abs5ce ( ! proprietor1 or if ! pressure ( bus9ess %\ld require x1 he is to take *>ge ( ! fun]als1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! second assi/ant4 #d?4--,9 case ( ! abs5ce ( ei!r ( 8 juniors1 to take ! place ( ! second assi/ant4 #e?4--,he is to take *>ge ( ! books1 collections1 etc41 %\ld ! proprietor wi% him to d s4 #f?4--,he is to take k ( & prop]ly note any articles t may be ne$$ = ! /ore1 includ+ goods to be pur*as$ & "w to be att5d$ to4 #g?4--,to see t ! /ock ( goods is well suppli$ ) ^? items :i* are g5]ally kept by ! quantity4 ,%\ld ! place ( bus9ess be remote f any manufactur+ firm ( und]tak]s' goods1 su* z c(f9s1 h>dw>e1 caskets1 etc41 he is to keep a fai?ful & /rict acc\nt ( ! sizes1 /yles & grades ( caskets & c(f9s on h&1 z also ( ! ne$ful requirem5ts 9 t l9e2 he %\ld also call ! att5tion ( ! proprietor to ! quality1 /yle1 etc41 ( ! goods ne$$1 & place 9 ! h&s ( 8 employ] a li/ ( ! goods to be ord]$1 or likely to be call$ =4 #h?4--,to keep a note book ( :at is necess>y to be done 9 ! ord9>y bus9ess ( ! /ore1 & to designate employm5t = ! o!r assi/ants4 #i?4--,he is to sup]9t5d1 & if ne$ be to help1 9 ! l9+ & trimm+ ( c(f9s1 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! proprietor1 to att5d to ! embalm+ & pres]v+ ( bodies4 #aj?4--,9 %ort1 he mu/1 dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! proprietor1 take entire *>ge ( ! /ore1 & be alone responsible = its bus9ess4 ,,specific ,,duties ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,assi/ant4 #a/4--,x w be 8 duty to du/ ! cases1 desks1 etc41 ?or\ghly e morn+4 ,?is s]vice mu/ be p]=m$ be=e breakfa/1 & z (t5 repeat$ ?r\gh ! day z necess>y4 #b;d4--,9 ! abs5ce ( ! ?ird assi/ant1 he is to p]=m 8 duties4 #c;d4--,he %all assi/ ! proprietor1 or ! fir/ assi/ant1 9 ! lay+ out1 wa%+ & dress+ ( bodies2 & also at fun]als1 9 ! managem5t ( ! he>se & c>riages4 #d?4--,he is to trim caskets accord+ to ! directions ( ! fir/ assi/ant1 & foll[ ! in/ructions giv5 him z to ! *oice ( mat]ials us$ 9 _! ornam5tation4 #e?4--,he %all see t a sample ( ea* size1 /yle & grade ( c(f9 & casket be always on h& 9 ! %[ room1 & ready to be turn$ out 9 ! %orte/ space ( "t possible4 #f?4--,he is to keep an exact record1 9 ! book devot$ to t purpose1 ( ! "n1 resid5ce1 cause ( dea?1 age & place ( burial1 ( all p>ties :i* may h be5 int]r$ by ! firm4 ,?is regi/] mu/ always be po/$ up to date4 #g?4--,x w be 8 duty to clean ! %[ cases1 "w room1 & ! /ock 9 g5]al1 once a week1 & (t5] if necess>y4 ,,specific ,,duties ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,assi/ant4 #a/4--,he is to op5 ! /ore 9 ! morn+2 make ! fire1 & att5d to x ?r\gh ! day2 sweep out ! /ore2 wa% ! w9d[s2 & see t all tools & implem5ts are 9 _! prop] place & ready = in/ant use4 #b;d4--,x %all be 8 duty to keep cool+ bo>ds clean & tidy2 to h palls1 /ools & p$e/als du/$ & 9 %ape4 #c;d4--,x %all be 8 duty to pack goods & make boxes :5 requir$4 #d?4--,x w be requir$ ( him to d su* err&s z ! bus9ess ( ! /ore may dem&1 & also to close ! /ore at night4 ,,g5]al ,,regulations ,,( ,,! ,,/ore4 #a/4--,bus9ess h\rs w include ! "t betwe5 breakfa/ & six o'clock1 ,p4 ,m41 except :5 special duty may require x o!rwise4 #b;d4--,dur+ bus9ess h\rs1 all h&s mu/ be employ$ at "s regul> /ore duty4 #c;d4--,z wait+ on cu/om]s is a duty :i* requires mo/ k & exp]i5ce1 ! fir/ assi/ant mu/ always s]ve :5 !re is "o cu/om]2 ! o!r assi/ants may help if ne$ be4 #d?4--,! fir/ assi/ant mu/ always take t "p ( ! duty :i* requires mo/ k & skill4 ,?is ord] ( duty mu/ nev] be deviat$ f1 if circum/ances w admit ( x4 #e?4--,all o!r duty mu/ give way to t ( wait+ on cu/om]s4 #f?4--,e p]son ent]+ ! /ore1 :e!r paup] or presid5t1 infant or adult1 :ite or color$1 mu/ be treat$ ) c\rtesy & k9dness4 #g?4--,boi/]\s mir? & a sull5 temp] are to be equally avoid$1 z productive ( nei!r bus9ess nor bus9ess "*4 ,! acquisition ( a uni=mly *e]ful temp]am5t is an atta9m5t wor? f> beyond ! price x usually co/s4 #h?4--,!re are to be no ma/]s & no s]vants4 ,ea* "o is to feel consci\s ( ! fact t ! p]=mance ( ! duties assign$ to him is j z necess>y & z important z :at p]ta9s to any o!r h& 9 ! /ore4 ,all useful employm5t is honorable2 indol5ce is a disgrace4 #i?4--,an aft]noon ( e week w be devot$ to ! clean+ ( ! /ore1 9 :i* all mu/ %>e z occasion (f]s4 #aj?4--,z neatness1 ord] & cleanl9ess are necess>y1 & n m]e accompli%m5ts1 9 an und]tak+ e/abli%m5t1 all are requir$ to practice !m con/antly4 #aa?4--,assi/ants %\ld be r select 9 ! *oice ( _! acqua9tances2 :ile ! occasional visit ( a well behav$ fri5d w be c\nt5anc$1 l\ng+ 9 ! /ore w n be tol]at$4 #ab?4--,ea* assi/ant %all h1 if bus9ess p]mits1 "o aft]noon & ev5+ e week1 & e o!r ,sunday2 ! aft]noon w comprise ! "t betwe5 twelve o'clock at noon & six o'clock ,p4 ,m42 ! ev5+1 betwe5 six o'clock ,p4 ,m4 & ! clos+ ( ! /ore4 ,^! privileges mu/ n be int]f]$ ) unnecess>ily4 #ac?4--,no assi/ant resid+ 9 ! h\se w be all[$ to be abs5t at night aft] ! clos+ ( ! /ore1 )\t special p]mission4 #ad?4--,a vacation ( two weeks e ye> w be all[$ ea* assi/ant4 #ae?4--,x is n ! wi% ( ! proprietor t any ( 8 employes %\ld extol ! goods beyond _! m]its to advance 8 pecuni>y int]e/s1 or to say or d aught 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duties t he w\ld n be will+ t o!rs %\ld say or d to him "u ! same circum/ances4 ,a *e]ful compliance ) ! =ego+ rules is confid5tly expect$1 & ! repeat$ infraction ( a regulation ( ! /ore w be cause = dismissal4 ,9 c]ta9 e/abli%m5ts1 :]e a driv] is kept = ! purpose ( tak+ c>e ( horses & driv+ ! he>se or o!r vehicles1 ?is employe %all be "u ! imm$iate sup]vision ( ! proprietor4 ,,modifications ,,9 ,,! ,,mode ,,( ,,embalm+ ,,bodies4 ,!re are modifications 9 ! processes us$ = ! pres]vation ( bodies1 :i* are gov]n$ by circum/ances affect+ ! diff]5t conditions ( ! body at ! "t ( dea?4 ,al?\gh we may lay g5]al rules = ! quantity & v>iety ( antiseptics us$ 9 embalm+1 !re are c]ta9 cases :]e ! quantity ( ! *emicals :i* ent] into ! composition ( ! inject+ fluid mu/ be ei!r increas$ or curtail$1 z well z ! am\nt ( ! injection4 ,x w\ld require ! scope ( a cyclop$ia to give 9 detail ! proportions ( ea* con/itu5t 9 ! numb] ( diff]5t cases :i* may come "u ! notice ( ! embalm]4 ,! mode ( op]ation 9 all cases may be ! same1 b ! nature & quantity ( ! injection w v>y1 fir/1 ) ! climatic circum/ances ( ! atmosph]e2 second1 ) ! cause ( dea?2 ?ird1 ) ! age ( ! deceas$2 f\r?1 ) ! /ate ( ! body aft] dea?2 fif?1 ) ! l5g? ( "t :i* has elaps$ s9ce dea? took place4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ 9 a previ\s *apt] t a high temp]ature is conducive to rapid decomposition ( organic matt]1 also t a w>m1 moi/ atmosph]e w op]ate 9 ! same mann]2 x is !re=e incumb5t ^u ! op]ator to gu>d aga9/ ^! two ag5ts ( putrefaction by keep+ ! body 9 a mod]ately cool & well v5tilat$ place until ! "w ( pres]v+ is accompli%$2 also to give ! antiseptics employ$ "t to successfully de/roy & r5d] h>mless ! dang]\s effects ( ! heat4 ,x mu/ n be und]/ood by ! prec$+ caution t a body _c be embalm$ 9 an ord9>y room dur+ ! heat ( ! summ]1 b ! sugge/ion h]e9 giv5 is solely = ! purpose ( facilitat+ ! op]ation & r5d]+ ! success c]ta92 besides1 z x has be5 illu/rat$ 9 "s ( ! processes prec$+ly giv51 ! /r5g? z well z ! quantity ( ! injection h be5 increas$ :5 us$ dur+ ! w>m season4 ,z to ! modifications to be obs]v$ 9 ! treatm5t ( bodies1 :5 ! cause ( dea? is tak5 into consid]ation4 ,x has =m$ ! subject ( "s *apt]s to %[ t1 9 cases :]e dea? is ! result ( a c]ta9 class ( diseases1 ! body is m prone to putrefy ?an 9 o!rs2 :il/ 9 o!r cases1 aga91 ! body is to a c]ta9 ext5t pres]v$ f corruption by ! ag5ts :i* h prov$ fatal to ! organism2 z1 = in/ance1 :5 dea? has be5 ! result ( poison+1 ei!r by alcohol or ars5ic4 ,! age ( ! p]son deceas$1 & ! condition ( ! body aft] dea?1 z also ! l5g? ( "t elaps$ s9ce dea? took place1 z affect+ ! mode ( treatm5t1 h all be5 discuss$ 9 a =m] "p ( ?is "w1 & x w\ld h>dly be necess>y to h a new elucidation ^u ! same subject4 ,! important po9t we wi% to impress n[ ^u ! m9ds ( our pr(essionals is1 t circum/ances 9 ?is case are to be /rictly inve/igat$2 also1 t a uni=m treatm5t ( all cases1 h[ev] diff]5t ! circum/ances & conditions1 w n prove successful2 & t a ?or\gh k & exp]i5ce are necess>y to a*ieve satisfactory results4 ,discrim9ation & judgm5t are to be us$ 9 e case4 ,"s are too ready to condemn a c]ta9 process1 or to "q ! prop]ties ( "s antiseptics1 because _! fir/ trial ( ei!r has prov$ an ignom9i\s failure2 :]eas ! real cause ( all ! tr\ble lies 9 _! ignorance ( ! laws :i* gov]n ! mode ( proce$+1 & ! use ( ! *emicals plac$ at _! disposition4 ,o!rs1 aga91 are prone to extol ! m]its ( "s prep>ation1 ! compon5t p>ts ( :i* !y d n "k1 b x may h done !m good s]vice 9 sev]al in/ances2 & :51 contr>y to _! expectations1 x fails to answ] ! purpose1 !y lose fai? 9 x1 disc>d x altoge!r z wor?less1 & nev] ent]ta9 ! idea t an alt]ation 9 ! quantity us$1 or 9 ! comb9ation & /r5g? ( ! con/itu5ts1 is ! real s\rce ( mis*ief4 ,h5ce1 x is a fact n to be d5i$ t a diagnosis 7if x may be call$ s7 is necess>y be=e ! "w ( embalm+ be ent]$ into4 ,& he :o w\ld endeavor to pres]ve ! body ( a /\t1 fle%y p]son by ! same means employ$ 9 ! pres]v+ ( a body emaciat$ by long suff]+s1 & "u diff]5t conditions ( temp]ature1 might n meet ) a success equal to 8 expectations4 ,,*lor9e3 ,,its ,,prop]ties ,,& ,,uses4 ,*lor9at$ ,lime4--,9 consequ5ce ( its p[]s z a dis9fectant1 *lor9at$ lime is a v important comp\nd 9 its application to m$ical police2 x possesses ! prop]ty ( arre/+ or prev5t+ animal or vegetable putrefaction1 & p]haps ( de/roy+ pe/il5tial & infecti\s miasma4 ,x is us$ ) advantage 9 prev5t+ bodies f exhal+ an unpleasant odor be=e int]m5t 9 ! summ] season4 ,9 juridical exhumations its use is indisp5sable1 z x effectually removes ! disgu/+ & insupportable fetor ( ! corpse4 ,! mode 9 :i* x is appli$ 9 ^! cases is1 to envelope ! body 9 a %eet completely wet ) a solution made by add+ ab\t "o p\nd ( ! *loride to a bucketful ( wat]4 ,x is employ$ also = dis9fect+ dissect+ rooms1 vaults1 cemet]ies & o!r places1 :i* exhale (f5sive effluvia4 ,9 de/roy+ contagion & infection x appe>s to be highly useful4 ,9 %ort1 all places deem$ infecti\s f hav+ be5 ! receptacle ( virul5t disease may be m or less dis9fect$ by its use1 aft] hav+ und]gone ! ord9>y process ( cleans+4 ,*lor9at$ lime acts exclusively by its *lor9e1 :i*1 be+ loosely comb9$1 is dis5gag$ by ! slighte/ aff9ities4 ,all acids1 ev5 ! c>bonic1 dis5gage x2 & z ?is acid is a product ( animal & vegetable decomposition1 noxi\s effluvia furni% ! means1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ( _! own dis9fection4 ,b ! /rong] acids dis5gage x m freely1 & among/ ^! sulphuric acid is ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,accord+ly1 ! p[d] may be dissolv$ 9 a v dilute solution ( ?is acid2 or a small quantity ( ! acid may be add$ to an aque\s solution already =m$1 if a m copi\s evolution ( *lor9e be desir$ ?an t :i* takes place f ! m]e action ( ! c>bonic acid ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! great & only objection1 s f>1 aga9/ ! use ( *lor9at$ lime by ! pr(ession1 has be5 ! /rong smell ( ! *lor9e evolv$2 b tak+ into consid]ation ! great antiseptic prop]ties1 & also ! /rong blea*+ & dis9fect+ qualities ( ! *lor9e1 we f9d t x _c be ov]look$ z an ag5t ( major importance 9 ! pres]vation ( bodies4 ,!re are c]ta9 modes ( us+ ! *lor9at$ lime :]eby ! (f5sive odor c be to a great ext5t dim9i%$1 if n altoge!r done away )4 ,:5 us$ 9 its crude /ate1 x w be f\nd difficult to h&le2 besides1 x c\ld n be us$ = ! purpose ( an injection2 x ne$s1 !n1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( prep>ation be=e x be us$ 9 a liquid =m4 ,! foll[+ has be5 giv5 z ! simple/ mann] ( prep>+ x = inject+3 ,take1 ( *lor9at$ lime1 "o p\nd1 c>bonate ( soda1 two p\nds1 wat]1 "o gallon2 dissolve ! c>bonate ( soda 9 ?ree p9ts ( wat] by ! aid ( heat2 to ! rema9d] ( ! wat] add1 by small portions at a "t1 ! *lor9at$ lime1 previ\sly well triturat$1 /irr+ ! mixture aft] ea* addition4 ,set ! mixture by = sev]al h\rs1 t ! dregs may subside2 !n decant ! cle> liquor1 & mix x ) ! solution ( c>bonate ( soda4 ,la/ly1 decant ! cle> liquor f ! precipitat$ c>bonate ( lime1 pass x ?r\gh a l95 clo?1 & keep x 9 bottles seclud$ f ! light4 ,! ,london ,ph>macopia gives a /ill bett] process = prep>+ x1 = reasons :i* w be giv5 h]eaft]3 ,take1 ( c>bonate ( soda1 "o p\nd1 wat]1 =ty-eight fluid ounces1 *loride ( sodium 7common salt71 f\r ounces1 black oxide ( manganese1 ?ree ounces1 sulphuric acid1 two fluid ounces & a half2 dissolve ! c>bonate ( soda 9 two p9ts ( wat]2 !n put ! *loride ( sodium & ! b9oxide or black oxide ( manganese1 rubb$ to p[d]1 9 a retort1 & add to !m ! acid1 previ\sly mix$ ) ?ree fluid ounces ( wat]1 & cool$4 ,heat ! mixture1 & pass ! *lor9e fir/ ?r\gh five fluid ounces ( wat]1 & aft]w>ds into ! solution ( ! c>bonate above direct$4 ,^u ! addition ( muriatic acid1 bo? ^! solutions emit c>bonic acid & *lor9e toge!r4 ,! =ego+ giv5 prep>ation w be f\nd to answ] ! purpose = dis9fect+1 inject+ & pres]v+ corpses4 ,= inject+ purposes1 ! solution %\ld be us$ fre%1 & ! muriatic acid only add$ to x1 = a m copi\s lib]ation ( bo? c>bonic acid & *lor9e1 :5 ready to inject ! liquid1 z ! antiseptic prop]ties ( ! solution dep5d altoge!r on its gase\s evolutions4 ,to inject ! solution1 x w be f\nd t ! axill>y art]y on ! left side is a good po9t2 also1 ! "r jugul> ve9 %\ld be punctur$1 s z to facilitate ! fl[ ( blood f ! head4 ,b to make ! op]ation complete1 & to be sure ( a p]fect & ?or\gh injection1 ! asc5d+ aorta %\ld be inject$1 & ! inf]ior v5a cava sev]$ at a correspond+ po9t4 ,?is mode ( inject+ has be5 describ$ 9 a =m] *apt]4 ,x is n possible to specify "h ! am\nt ( liquid to be inject$2 b z a g5]al rule !re %\ld be en\gh ( ! solution inject$ to fill ! circulatory sy/em1 & ! injection be cont9u$ until aft] ! blood has ceas$ to fl[ f ! w\nd 9 ! v5a cava & ! inject+ fluid appe>s 9 its place4 ,:5 inject$ ) ?is solution1 a corpse may pres5t = a few h\rs aft]w>ds a bloat$ & swoll5 appe>ance1 & ! face & body may be m>bl$ ov] ) :ite spots2 b ^! symptoms w soon disappe>1 ! body w collapse aga9 to its normal size1 & ! color become ( a uni=m %ade4 ,to pres]ve bodies dur+ ! summ] season = a few days & )\t ice2 also to prev5t ! swell+ up ( ! abdom5 & ! purg+ at ! m\? & no/rils1 op5 ! /oma*1 z expla9$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 empty out ! cont5ts1 & inject into x "s ( ! above solution2 ! b[els mu/ be treat$ 9 ! same mann]1 & also inject ! lungs ?r\gh ! no/rils1 by produc+ artificial respiration4 ,if ! liquid _c be inject$ 9 ?is mann]1 cut into ! tra*ea an incision l>ge en\gh to admit ( ! nozzle ( ! injector be+ ins]t$1 & p\r 9 ! necess>y quantity4 ,if any fetor is exhal$ f ! corpse aft] be+ plac$ 9 ! c(f91 a sponge well saturat$ ) ! solution & be+ plac$ at ! feet ( ! corpse w remove all f\l effluvia2 or bett] /ill1 a *9a or porcela9 b[l fill$ ) ! solution may be plac$ inside ! case until a few m9utes be=e ! fun]al & ! screw+ d[n ( ! lid4 ,! air ( ! room may also be purifi$ by saturat+ "s clo?s ) ! solution & hang+ !m 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,! vessels conta9+ excretions %\ld n be neglect$1 & "s ( ! solution p\r$ into !m4 ,9 fact1 und]tak]s w f9d ! above solution to be adapt$ to all purposes ( dis9fect+1 deodoriz+ & pres]v+ corpses4 ,,in/rum5ts4 ,und]tak]s w f9d x to _! advantage to possess in/rum5ts ( ! be/ mat]ials & make2 !y are always *eap] 9 ! end1 z !y w resi/ ! we> & te> to a great] ext5t1 & w n be liable to get out ( ord] :5 mo/ ne$$4 ,especially 9 inject+ app>atus %\ld a great am\nt ( c>e be ex]cis$ ab\t ! selection4 ,! greate/ dang] to be gu>d$ aga9/ is corrosion1 z all inject+ fluids :i* are n[ 9 use conta9 m or less ( ei!r acids or metallic salts1 all ( :i* w attack & corrode1 to a less] or great] ext5t1 ! metals & o!r sub/ances ) :i* !y come 9 direct contact4 ,any injector1 !re=e1 s con/ruct$ z to be free f dang] to its me*anism f ! corrod+ effects ( ! liquids above m5tion$1 w be ! "o to be *os54 ,accord+ to ! /atem5ts above giv51 any "p ( an app>atus :i* is requir$ to op]ate ) a c]ta9 degree ( nicety mu/ be kept f ! corrosive effects ( ! fluids1 & ?is result is to be ga9$ only by ! peculi> con/ruction ( ! app>atus4 ,9 ! great] "p ( ! inject+ pumps n[ manufactur$ & 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! body ( ! pump1 :i* conta9s ! work+ "p ( ! app>atus1 is also fill$ ) ! liquid :ile 9 use2 &1 !re=e1 ?is "p1 :i* ought to be protect$ f injury1 is con/antly imm]s$ 9 ! /rong corrosive solution dur+ all ! "t t ! injector is be+ work$4 ,! result ( ?is con/ant corrod+ action ^u ! app>atus w soon %[ itself 9 ! work+ ( x1 & con/ant repairs w be f\nd necess>y to keep x 9 ord] or 9 a /ate ( comp>ative effectiv5ess4 ,x mu/ be well rememb]$1 t ^u ! work+ ( ! app>atus dep5ds1 to a great ext5t1 ! good or poor success ( embalm+2 also1 t ^u ! mann] ( us+ an app>atus1 ( :atev] description x may be1 ! l5g? ( its duration & its effectiv5ess w be 9 ! same ratio4 ,! automatic app>atus ( ,gir>d1 = inject+ purposes1 is a m>vel ( simplicity & durability2 !re is no pi/on or =ce pump1 :i* is liable at any mom5t to get out ( ord]2 no valves1 :i* w we> out by friction1 or leak f ! effects ( ! liquid us$4 ,! =ce us$ 9 eject+ ! fluid is t ( a gas1 highly antiseptic 9 its nature1 & :i*1 be+ g5]at$ inside ( a cyl9d]1 saturates ! inject+ fluid 7itself an antiseptic solution71 & by its expansive =ce propels x into ! art]ies ( ! body4 ,all ! appliances necess>y to ! p]fect work+ ( ! app>atus are cond5s$ into a small compass4 ,! am\nt ( gas g5]at$ c be increas$ or dim9i%$ at w4 ,a pressure gage indicates ! =ce ( expansion acquir$ by ! gas4 ,a glass tube1 simil> to ! wat] tube 9 use on "s boil]s1 & ) a graduat$ scale atta*$1 %[s bo? ! am\nt ( liquid us$ & also ! quantity rema9+ 9 ! app>atus2 :ile a relief-cock insures safety to ! op]ator aga9/ too rapid an accumulation ( gas4 ,?is la/ dang] ne$ sc>cely be appreh5d$1 z1 aft] ! pressure gage indicates ! =ce ( expansion requir$1 ! fur!r g5]ation ( ! gas c be entirely /opp$1 until ! vacuum creat$ by ! outfl[ ( liquid ne$s to be replac$ by a new supply ( gas4 ,= x is a fact well und]/ood1 t ! =ce ( expansion ( ! g5]at+ p[] decreases 9 ! same proportion z ! volume ( ! liquid is dim9i%$1 !reby caus+ a great] vacuum 9 ! app>atus4 ,! inside ( ! app>atus is ?ickly coat$ ) lead1 z t metal is n s5sibly act$ on by ei!r muriatic or sulphuric acid1 except at v high temp]atures4 ,! jet or /ream ( liquid c be regulat$ by a screw cock1 atta*$ to ! neck ( a metallic tube rea*+ to ! bottom ( ! app>atus1 inside1 & provid$ at its inn] extremity ) a p]=at$ bulb1 :i*1 act+ z a filt]1 prev5ts any impurity or s$im5t f f9d+ its way into & /opp+ ! circulation ( ! fluid ?r\gh ! art]ial sy/em2 at ! same "t x prev5ts any excessive am\nt ( pressure ^u ! rubb] tube five or six feet 9 l5g?1 :i* is connect$ ) ! deliv]y tube outside1 & at ! end ( :i* ! nozzle is atta*$4 ,! nozzle or cannula itself is a v important "p ( ! app>atus1 & is ( a peculi> %ape2 x consi/s ( a ?9 copp] tube ab\t eight in*es 9 l5g? & a little ov] an eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]2 x is to be ins]t$ at full l5g?1 or ne>ly s1 into ! art]y to be inject$1 z by do+ s x meets a po9t :]e ! walls ( ! art]y are /r5g!n$ by ! surr\nd+ tissues4 ,! %ape ( ! app>atus is t ( an elongat$ cyl9d]1 r\nd$ (f at bo? ends1 resembl+ some:at a soda f\nta92 x /&s upright1 ^u f\r curv$ legs ab\t f\r in*es 9 height1 & possesses a symmetrical & sub/antial appe>ance4 ,! o!r app>atus--,rons>d's--is ab\t simil> 9 con/ruction1 b ! p[] ex]t$ 9 =c+ out ! liquid is n gas1 z 9 ! =m] app>atus1 b compress$ air1 =c$ into ! body ( ! res]voir by means ( a pump4 ,! body ( ! app>atus consi/s ( a cyl9d] hold+ ab\t five gallons2 ?is con/itutes ! res]voir conta9+ ! liquid to be inject$4 ,outside ( ?is cyl9d] & runn+ alongside ( x is ! body ( ! pump4 ,! pipe communicat+ ! air =c$ inside ! cyl9d] above ! liquid ent]s ! bottom ( ! res]voir1 &1 pass+ ?r\gh ! liquid1 runs along ! inn] side ( ! vessel until x has rea*$ a po9t almo/ to ! top ( ! cyl9d]4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! apex at ! top ( ! cyl9d] is a small funnel connect$ to a pipe runn+ inside ( ! app>atus2 ?is pipe1 :i* is furni%$ ) a cock1 is int5d$ to conduct inside ! app>atus ! liquid p\r$ 9 at ! funnel2 x w act also z a relief cock1 %\ld x be f\nd necess>y to relieve ! pressure on ! liquid4 ,?is app>atus is n provid$1 l ! o!r1 ) a pressure gage1 f ! fact t ! pressure be+ ! result ( a me*anical cause1 ! op]ator w soon be able to judge ! am\nt ( pressure by ! numb] ( /rokes ( ! pi/on4 ,! deliv]y pipe is simil> 9 e respect to ! "o 9 ! app>atus describ$ =m]ly2 ! graduat$ tube outside %[+ ! quantity ( liquid inside ! app>atus is also ! same2 9 fact1 ! simil>ity betwe5 ! two is /rik+4 ,b ! pr9cipal feature ( ! app>atus1 & t :i* recomm5ds x to ! pr(ession1 is ! p]fect isolation ( all ! work+ p>ts ( ! app>atus f direct contact ) ! liquid inject$4 ,! greate/ objection 9 ?is case1 z 9 ! o!r1 is remov$1 z ! mo/ important "p ( ! "w1 namely3 t ( compress+ ! air1 is p]=m$ )\t any dang] to ! g5]ator4 ,ano!r app>atus--t ( ,waldon--comb9es ! two sy/ems 9 "o1 & c be op]at$ ) equal facility ei!r by means ( compress$ air or by means ( gase\s expansion4 ,/ill1 ^! in/rum5ts require a c]ta9 am\nt ( famili>ity 9 ! h&l+ be=e !y c be op]at$ ) effici5cy1 z1 to a p]son n fully conv]sant ) _! me*anism1 !y may prove awkw>d4 ,! in/rum5ts ( ,messrs4 ,g4 ,tiemann ,co41 ( ,new ,york1 :i* ,i h employ$ s f> v successfully1 c\ld be r5d]$ p]fect by adopt+ "s modifications 9 _! make4 ,,gase\s ,,comp\nds4 ,too little att5tion has be5 paid h]et(ore to ! antiseptic p[]s ( c]ta9 gases4 ,x is a well kn[n fact1 t "s ( ! gases :i* are ! result ( animal & vegetable decomposition are1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! means ( _! own dis9fection2 h5ce1 "s ( ^! are end[$ ) deodoriz+ z well z antiseptic prop]ties4 ,we h already giv5 at l5g? ! prop]ties ( *lor9e4 ,c>bonic acid gas is ano!r ( ^? antiseptic ag5ts :i* w occupy our att5tion4 ,x exi/s 9 ! atmosph]e z a product ( combu/ion & ( ! respiration ( animals2 x is a result1 also1 ( ! sl[ decomposition ( mo/ vegetable sub/ances1 & is evolv$ 9 great quantities f ! gr\nd 9 volcanic c\ntries4 ,9 ! =mation ( sug> x is produc$ 9 abundance1 along ) alcohol4 ,= ! purposes ( ! *emi/1 x is g5]ally prep>$ by decompos+ m>ble by means ( "s /rong] acid4 ,f its *eapness & ! solubility ( ! residual salt1 muriatic acid is g5]ally employ$4 ,! prop]ties ( c>bonic acid are v rem>kable2 x is p]fectly colorless & invisible2 x is irrespirable1 produc+1 :5 an attempt is made to brea! x1 viol5t spasms ( ! glottis4 ,if x be respir$ mix$ ) air1 ev5 9 ! proportion ( "o to t51 x gradually produces /upor & dea?1 act+ z a n>cotic poison4 ,h5ce1 :5 dis5gag$ 9 l>ge quantities1 :e!r by natural op]ations or 9 process ( manufacture1 x accumulates 9 all cavities )9 its rea*1 & may cause fatal accid5ts to animals :o ent] unadvis$ly4 ,c>bonic acid does n support combu/ion2 a tap] plung$ into a j> full ( ! gas is in/antly ext+ui%$4 ,c>bonic acid is also a *eck on putrefaction1 & arre/s decay4 ,,sulphur\s ,,acid4 ,sulphur\s acid exi/s at ord9>y temp]ature & pressure 9 ! gase\s =m2 x is "o1 h[ev]1 ( ! mo/ easily liquifi$ gases4 ,x is produc$ always :5 sulphur burns1 ei!r 9 air or 9 pure oxyg52 sulphur n be+ capable ( pass+ directly to a high] degree ( oxydation4 ,9 ! burn+ ( sulphur1 ! volume ( sulphur\s acid gas =m$ is exactly equal to ! am\nt ( oxyg5 consum$4 ,sulphur\s acid gas may also be simply prep>$ by heat+ ?ree p>ts ( fl[]s ( sulphur ) f\r ( p]oxide ( manganese4 ,! reaction is v simple3 "o "p ( ! sulphur unit+ ) ! metal1 & ano!r ) ! oxyg51 =m sulphuret ( manganese & sulphur\s acid4 ,ano!r & quick] way to obta9 ?is gas 9 small quantities is1 to decompose a solution ( hyposulphate ( soda1 by add+ muriatic acid to x1 s z to lib]ate ! hyposulphur\s acid1 :i* imm$iately decomposes into sulphur & sulphur\s acid4 ,sulphur\s acid is absorb$ by wat]4 ,x is colorless & transp>5t1 possess+ an odor peculi>ly irritat+ 7! smell ( burn+ sulphur71 & _c be brea!d4 ,x is n combu/ible1 nor does x support combu/ion4 ,wat] dissolves ab\t ?irty-sev5 times its volume ( sulphur\s acid2 ! solution possesses ! prop]ties ( ! gas 9 a v high degree1 & blea*es vegetable colors ) great p[]2 :5 kept = "s "t x gradually absorbs oxyg51 & ! sulphur\s becomes *ang$ into sulphuric acid4 ,! sulphuric acid is "o ( ! feeble/ acids1 & is expell$ f its comb9ations by almo/ all b ! c>bonic acid4 ,z has be5 demon/rat$1 all ^! gases are absorb$ by wat]1 & a saturat$ solution possesses ! prop]ties ( ! gases !mselves4 ,,physiology4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,circulat+ ,,app>atus ,,( ,,man4 ,! c\rse & relative positions ( ! pr9cipal art]ies & ve9s ( ! ,sy/emic circulation are %[n 9 ?is plate4 ,! art]ies comm5ce f ! great art]ial trunk1 call$ ! aorta1 & _! bran*es are di/ribut$ to all p>ts ( ! sy/em4 ,! v5\s bran*es1 :i* accompany ! art]ies1 unite into two great ve9s1 ! sup]ior & inf]ior v5a cava1 :i* convey ! blood back to ! he>t4 a1 ,! left v5tricle ( ! he>t4 b1 ,! "r auricle4 c1 ,! sup]ior v5a cava4 d1 ,! root ( ! pulmon>y art]y4 e1 e1 ,! aorta1 :i* is se5 ar*+ backw>d ov] ! he>t1 & pass+ d[nw>d into ! abdom51 :]e x divides into its two great bran*es1 ! iliac art]ies1 ?r\gh :i* ! blood passes to ! l[] extremities4 f1 ,! inf]ior v5a cava1 :i* accompanies ! desc5d+ aorta & its bran*es1 & returns ! blood f ! l[] extremities4 ,! dott$ l9es repres5t ! outl9es ( ! kidneys4 ,illu/ration3 full body draw+ ,,pr9cipal ,,divisions ,,( ,,! ,,aorta ,,& ,,v5a ,,cava4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t mo/ ( ! bran*es :i* spr+ f ! great art]y & ve9 are d\ble--t is1 ea* "r bran* has a correspond+ "o at ! left side--s t !re are1 = in/ance1 ! "r & ! left c>otid art]ies1 ! "r & ! left jugul> ve9s1 etc4 ,f ! ar* ( ! aorta are s5t (f ^? art]ies :i* are di/ribut$ to ! head & arms4 ,! pr9cipal ones among ^! are nam$ z foll[s3 g1 ,! c>otid art]y1 :i* asc5ds 9 ! side ( ! neck1 & divides into ! temporal art]y1 h1 :i* is di/ribut$ 9 ! temple1 & ! facial art]y1 i1 :i* supplies ! face2 & also s5ds a bran*1 call$ ! int]nal c>otid1 to ! p>ts )9 ! skull4 j1 ,! sub-clavian art]y1 ly+ b5ea? ! clavicle or coll>-bone4 ,t "p ( ! cont9uation ( ?is art]y :i* passes ?r\gh ! axilla or arm-pit is call$ ! axill>y art]y1 k2 t :i* lies 9 ! upp] arm1 ! bra*ial art]y1 l2 & 9 ! =e-arm x divides into ! radial & uln> art]ies1 m1 n1 :i* are di/ribut$ to ! h& & f+]s 9 ! mann] indicat$ 9 ! plate4 ,! pr9cipal bran*es ( ! desc5d+ aorta are nam$ z foll[s3 ,! iliac art]y1 o1 on pass+ into ! ?igh becomes ! femoral art]y1 p1 & 9 ! leg divides into ! tibial & p]oneal art]ies1 q1 r1 :i* =m num]\s bran*es = ! supply ( ! leg & foot4 ,be=e divid+ into ! iliac art]ies1 ! desc5d+ aorta gives (f sev]al important bran*es1 z ! cliac art]y1 f :i* ! /oma* & liv] are suppli$2 ! r5al art]y1 :i* goes to ! kidneys1 & ! mes5t]ic art]y1 to ! inte/9es2 besides _m o!r sub-divisions 9 v>i\s p>ts ( its c\rse4 ,! bran*es ( ! v5a cava g5]ally accompany ^? ( ! aorta 9 _! di/ribution1 z %[n 9 ! figure1 & are (t5 call$ by ! same names4 ,! pr9cipal divisions ( ! sup]ior v5a cava are3 ,! jugul> ve91 s1 :i* accompanies ! c>otid art]y ! sub-clavian ve91 t1 :i* accompanies ! art]y ( ! same "n1 & receives ! blood f ! arm & h&4 ,! inf]ior v5a cava1 l ! aorta1 divides into two great bran*es1 ! iliac ve9s1 u1 ! sub-divisions ( :i* accompany ^? ( ! art]ies1 & are call$ by ! same names4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! sup]ficial ve9s ramify & ana/omose ) ea* o!r is %[n on ! upp] & l[] extremity ( ! left side4 ,,organs ,,( ,,dige/ion4 ,,figure #a4--;,g5]al ,view ( ! ,dige/ive ,organs ( ,man4--,?is figure is int5d$ to give a g5]al idea ( ! =ms & relative positions ( ! organs ( dige/ion4--a1 ,! sophagus4 b1 ,! /oma*4 c1 ,! duod5um1 d1 d1 d1 ,convolutions ( ! small inte/9e4 e1 ,! ccum4 f1 ,app5dix ( ! ccum4 g1 ,op5+ ( ! small into ! l>ge inte/9e4 h1 ,! asc5d+ colon4 i1 i1 ,transv]se ar* ( ! colon4 j1 ,! desc5d+ colon4 k1 ,! liv]4 l1 ,! gall-bladd]4 m1 ,! pancreas1 mo/ly cov]$ by ! /oma*4 o1 ,! sple54--,9 ?is figure1 ! liv] is rais$ up & ! transv]se ar* ( ! colon drawn d[n1 9 ord] to %[ p>ts :i* !y cov] :5 9 _! natural situation4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,,figure #b4--;,g5]al ,aspect ( ! ,abdom9al ,visc]a4--,9 ?is figure1 ! ant]ior walls ( ! abdom5 are remov$1 s z to %[ ! organs 9 _! natural positions4 ,! small inte/9e is remov$4--a1 ,! liv]1 situat$ b5ea? ! "r ar* ( ! diaphragm4 b1 ,! /oma*4 c1 ,epiploa1 or float+ folds ( ! p]itoneum4 d1 ,summit ( ! gall-bladd]4 e1 e1 ,l>ge inte/9e1 %[+ all its c\rses4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,,organs ,,( ,,circulation4--,,he>t ,,& ,,lungs4 ,,figure #a4--;,front ,view ( ,he>t & ,lungs4--,bo? organs are /ripp$ ( _! envelopes1 ! pleura & p]ic>dium4 ,! "r lung is drawn aside1 s z to uncov] ! he>t & l>ge vessels4 ,! left lung is deeply dissect$1 to %[ ! di/ribution & mode ( ramification ( ! air-tubes & blood-vessels4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a a1 ,! l>ynx4 b1 ,! tra*ea4--,! "r lung is some:at %ort] ?an ! left1 & is divid$ into ?ree lobes1 c1 d1 e2 :ile ! left lung has b two lobes1 f1 g4 ,! surface ( ! lobes is sub-divid$ into lobules1 by ! int]section ( great numb]s ( depress$ l9es4 h1 ,"r auricle ( ! he>t4 i1 ,"r v5tricle4 j1 ,left auricle4 k1 ,left v5tricle4 l1 ,! aorta4 m1 ,! pulmon>y art]y4 n1 ,left pulmon>y ve9s4--,^! ve9s are f\r 9 numb]1 two = ea* lung2 & !y return to ! he>t ! blood :i* has be5 convey$ into ! lungs by ! pulmon>y art]y4 ,! division ( ! pulmon>y art]y into "r & left bran*es _c be se5 9 ?is figure1 be+ hidd5 by ! aorta4 o1 ,! sup]ior v5a cava4 p1 ,root ( ! "r innom9ate art]y1 spr++ f ! ar* ( ! aorta4 q1 ,root ( ! left sub-clavian art]y4 r1 ,root ( ! left c>otid art]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,,figure #b4--;,back ,view ( ! ,he>t & ,lungs4--a1 ,l>ynx4 b1 ,tra*ea4 c1 ,"r bron*us4 d1 ,left bron*us4 e1 ,left auricle ( ! he>t4 f1 ,left v5tricle4 g1 ,"r pulmon>y ve9s4 h1 ,left pulmon>y ve9s4 i1 ,left pulmon>y art]y4 j1 ,section ( ! aorta4 k1 ,trunks ( ! bra*io-cephalic ve9s 7^? :i* belong to ! arms & head74 l1 ,! op5+ ( ! inf]ior v5a cava4--,! sub-divisions ( ! pulmon>y art]ies & ve9s1 & ( ! air-tubes or bron*i1 are se5 accompany+ ea* o!r 9 ! left lung 9 bo? figures4 ,,gloss>y ,,& ,,index4 ,a ,,abdom5 7,l4 abdo1 to hide74 ,s call$ f its conta9+ ! inte/9es1 c4 ,,abductor 7,l4 abduco1 to draw f74 ,abduc5t4 ,a muscle ^: (fice is to draw "o "p ( ! body away f ano!r4 ,,absorption4 ,! act or process ( imbib+ or swall[+4 ,,absorb5ts4 ,vessels :i* imbibe1 z lymphatics & lacteals4 ,,album5 7,l4 albus1 :ite74 ,album5 is ( two k9ds1 animal & vegetable3 #a4 ,animal album5 exi/s 9 two =ms1 ! liquid & ! solid4 ,9 ! liquid /ate1 x is a ?ick1 glairy fluid1 con/itut+ ! pr9cipal "p ( ! :ite ( egg4 ,9 ! solid /ate1 x is conta9$ 9 sev]al ( ! textures ( ! body1 z ! cellul> membrane1 ! sk91 gl&s & vessels4--#b4 ,vegetable album5 closely resembles animal album51 & has be5 f\nd 9 :eat1 rye1 b>ley1 peas & beans4 ,,ana/omosis 7,gr4 an1 ?r\gh1 & /oma1 a m\?74 ,! communication ( vessels ) ea* o!r1 z ( ! art]ies ) ! ve9s1 :i*1 by t\*+ at num]\s po9ts1 =m a net-"w or reticulation4 ,see ,inosculation4 ,,anatomy 7,gr4 anatmn1 to cut up74 ,! sci5ce ( organization2 ! sci5ce ^: object is ! exam9ation ( ! organs or in/rum5ts ( life4 ,animal anatomy is divid$ into human anatomy & comp>ative anatomy1 accord+ z x treats ( ! organization ( ! human body1 or ( t ( o!r animals4 ,,aorta 7,gr4 ar1 air1 t]1 to keep2 z hav+ be5 =m]ly suppos$ to conta9 only air74 ,! great art]y ( ! he>t4 ,x is di/+ui%$ into ! asc5d+ & desc5d+4 ,,aque\s4 ,wat]y4 ,,aracanoid ,,membrane 7,gr4 ara*n1 a spid]1 & edos1 lik5ess74 ,! f9e cobweb-l membrane situat$ betwe5 ! dura & pia mat]4 ,x is ! s]\s membrane ( ! c]ebro-sp9al c5t]s4 ,,arbor ,,vit4 ,lit]ally1 tree ( life4 ,a t]m appli$ to ! arboresc5t appe>ance pres5t$ by ! c]ebellum1 :5 cut into v]tically4 ,,art]y 7,gr4 ar1 air1 & t]1 to hold74 ,a vessel :i* c>ries ! blood f ! he>t2 =m]ly suppos$1 f its be+ f\nd empty aft] dea?1 to conta9 only air4 ,,aryt,,noid 7,gr4 arta9a1 a ew]1 & edos1 lik5ess74 ,a t]m appli$ to two triangul> c>tilages ( ! l>ynx4 ,,auditory 7,l4 audio1 to he>74 ,belong+ to p>ts connect$ ) ! s5se ( he>+4 ,,auricula 7,l4 dim ( auris1 ! e>74 ,an auricle2 ! prom95t "p ( ! e>4 ,also1 ! "n ( two cavities ( ! he>t4 ,,automatic ,,motions 7,gr4 automatos1 ( 8 own accord74 ,^? muscul> actions :i* are n dep5d5t on ! m9d4 ,b ,,bilis4 ,bile1 gall1 or *ol]2 ! secretion ( ! liv]4 ,a t]m employ$ to *>act]ize a class ( diseases caus$ by a too copi\s secretion ( bile4 ,,bron*us 7,gr4 brng*os1 ! w9dpipe1 f br*1 to moi/574 ,! w9dpipe2 a ramification ( ! tra*ea2 s call$ f anci5t belief t ! solids 7 convey$ into ! /oma* by ! sophagus1 & ! fluids by ! bron*ia4 ,,bron*ial-,,tubes4 ,! m9ute ramifications ( ! bron*i1 t]m9at+ 9 ! bron*ial cells1 or air cells ( ! lungs4 ,,bron*itis4 ,inflammation ( ! bron*i or ramifications ( ! tra*ea4 ,,burs ,,mucos 7muc\s bags74 ,small sacs situat$ ab\t ! jo9ts1 be+ p>ts ( ! %ea?s ( t5dons4 ,c ,c,,cum1 or ,c,,cum 7,l4 ccus1 bl9d74 ,! fir/ "p ( ! colon or bl9d inte/9e4 ,,callus 7,lat91 h>dness74 ,new bone1 or ! sub/ance :i* s]ves to jo9 toge!r ! ends ( a fracture1 & to re/ore de/roy$ portions ( bone4 ,,capill>y 7,l4 capillus1 a hair74 ,resembl+ a hair 9 size2 a t]m appli$ to ! vessels :i* int]v5e betwe5 ! m9ute art]ies & ve9s4 ,,capsula 7,l4 dim4 ( capsa1 a *e/74 ,lit]ally1 a little *e/4 ,a capsule or bag1 :i* incloses any "p4 ,,c>bon 7,l4 c>bo1 a coal74 ,a sub/ance well kn[n "u ! =m ( coal1 *>coal1 lamp-black1 c4 ,9 *emical language1 x d5otes ! pure inflammable pr9ciple ( *>coal2 9 its /ate ( absolute purity x con/itutes ! diamond4 ,,c>bonic ,,acid4 ,c>bon & oxyg5 comb9$4 ,,c>dia 7,gr4 k>dia1 ! he>t74 ,! entrance into ! /oma*2 s call$ f be+ ne> ! he>t4 ,,c>diac 7,gr4 k>dia1 ! he>t74 ,relat+ to ! he>t4 ,,c>otid 7,gr4 k>1 to induce sleep74 ,! "n ( two l>ge art]ies ( ! neck2 s call$ f an idea t ty+ !m w\ld induce /upor4 ,,c>pus 7,gr4 k>ps1 fruit74 ,! wri/4 ,! ossa c>pi1 or c>pal bones1 are eight 9 numb]1 & =m two r[s4 ,,c>tilage4 ,gri/le4 ,x is atta*$ to bones1 & mu/ be di/+ui%$ f ! ligam5ts ( jo9ts & t5dons ( muscles4 ,,c]ebellum 7dim4 ( c]ebrum74 ,! little bra91 situat$ beh9d ! l>g] or c]ebrum4 ,,c]ebrum 7,gr4 kre1 ! head74 ,! bra92 ! *ief portion ( ! bra91 occupy+ ! :ole upp] cavity ( ! skull4 ,,c]ebro-,,sp9al4 ,sy/em4 ,,c]vix4 ,! neck2 ! h9d] "p ( ! neck4 ,! =e "p is call$ collum4 ,,*e/4 ,?orax4 ,an old ,engli% t]m1 commonly trac$ to ! ,lat9 ci/a4--8,:5 x is consid]$ t ! same ^w 0 anci5tly us$ = a basket1 ! appropriation ( x to ! human ?orax w appe> q natural to any "o :o has ev] se5 a skeleton40--,=bes4 ,,*yle 7,gr4 *uls1 juice74 ,! milk-l fluid absorb$ by ! lacteal vessels4 ,,*ylification 7,l4 fio1 to become74 ,! process by :i* ! *yle is sep>at$ f ! *yme4 ,,*yme 7,gr4 *ums1 juice74 ,! semi-fluid matt] :i* passes f ! /oma* into ! duod5um4 ,,*ymification 7,l4 fio1 to become74 ,! process by :i* ! alim5t is conv]t$ into *yme4 ,,clavicula 7dim4 ( clavis1 a key74 ,! clavicle1 or coll>-bone2 s call$ f its resemblance to an anci5t key4 ,,coccyx 7,gr4 kkkux1 a cuckoo74 ,! l[] end ( ! sp9e2 s call$ f its resemblance to a cuckoo's beak4 ,,colon 7,gr4 koln1 quasi1 kolon1 holl[74 ,! fir/ ( ! l>ge inte/9es1 comm5c+ at ! ccum1 & t]m9at+ at ! rectum4 ,,coma 7,gr4 kma1 dr[s9ess1 f k1 to lie74 ,dr[s9ess2 le?>gic sleep2 dead sleep2 torpor4 ,,commissure 7,l4 commissura74 ,to jo9t or sev] ! place :]e two bodies or p>ts ( a body meet & unite4 ,,condyle 7,gr4 kndulos1 a knuckle74 ,a r\nd$ em95ce 9 ! jo9ts ( sev]al bones1 z ! hum]us & ! femur4 ,,conge/ion 7,l4 cong]o1 to amass74 ,undue fullness ( ! blood-vessels4 ,,conjunctiva 7,l4 conjungo1 to unite74 ,! muc\s membrane :i* l9es ! po/]ior surface ( ! eyelids1 & is cont9u$ ov] ! =e-"p ( ! globe ( ! eye4 ,,corium4 ,lea!r4 ,! deep lay] ( cutis1 or true sk91 =m+ ! basis ( ! support ( ! sk94 ,,corpusculum 7,l4 dim4 ( corpus1 a body74 ,a corpuscle1 or little body4 ,,cranium 7,gr4 kra1 ! head74 ,! skull1 or cavity1 :i* conta9s ! bra91 its membranes & vessels4 ,,cricos 7,gr4 krikos1 a r+74 ,:5ce crcod1 ! "n ( ! r+-l c>tilage ( ! l>ynx4 ,,cry/all9e 7,gr4 kr/allos1 ice74 ,a t]m appli$ to ! l5s ( ! eye4 ,,cuticle 7,l4 dim4 ( cutis74 ,! epid]mis or sc>f-sk94 ,,cutis 7,gr4 ktos1 ! sk974 ,! true sk91 z di/+ui%$ f ! cuticle1 epid]mis or sc>f-sk94 ,d ,,deglutition 7,l4 deglutio1 to swall[74 ,! act ( swall[+4 ,,diaphragm 7,gr4 diphragma1 a p>tition74 ,! midriff2 ! transv]se muscul> p>tition :i* sep>ates ! ?orax f ! abdom54 ,,dige/ion 7,l4 dig]o1 f div]sim g]o1 to c>ry into diff]5t p>ts74 ,9 ,physiology1 ! *ange ( food into *yme by ! m\?1 /oma* & small inte/9es2 & ! absorption & di/ribution ( ! m nutriti\s p>ts1 or ! *yle1 ?r\gh ! sy/em4 ,,dorsum 7,lat974 ,! back2 ! r\nd "p ( ! back ( a man or bea/4 ,:5ce ,dorsal1 app]ta9+ to ! back1 z appli$ to a region1 ligam5ts1 c4 ,,duod5um 7,l4 duod5i1 twelve74 ,! twelve-in* inte/9e2 s call$ f its be+ equal 9 l5g? to ! bread? ( twelve f+]s4 ,! fir/ portion ( ! small inte/9es1 beg9n+ f ! pylorus4 ,,dura ,,mat] 7h>d-"m74 ,! out]mo/ membrane ( ! bra94 ,e ,,effluvia 7,l4 effluo1 to fl[ out74 ,exhalations1 vapors1 c4 ,,ela/icity4 ,! prop]ty or p[] by :i* a body compress$ or ext5d$ returns to its =m] /ate4 ,,enamel4 ,! h>d ext]ior surface ( ! tee?4 ,,encephalon 7,gr4 n1 91 kephal1 ! head74 ,! bra92 ! cont5ts ( ! skull1 consi/+ ( ! c]ebrum1 c]ebellum1 m$ulla oblongata1 & membranes4 ,,epid]mis 7,gr4 epi1 ^u1 & drma1 ! sk97 ,! cuticle1 or sc>f-sk92 ! ?91 horny lay] :i* protects ! surface ( ! integum5t4 ,,epiglottis4 ,a c>tilage ( ! l>ynx1 situat$ above ! glottis4 ,,epiploon 7,gr4 plo1 to sail74 ,! om5tum2 a membran\s expansion :i* floats ^u ! inte/9es4 ,,epi!lium 7,gr4 t?mi1 to place74 ,! cuticle on ! r$ "p ( ! lips1 & on ! muc\s membranes 9 g5]al4 ,,excretion 7,l4 exc]no1 to sep>ate f74 ,a g5]al t]m = ! p]spiration1 fces1 c41 :i* are sep>at$ & void$ f ! blood or ! food4 ,,expiration 7,l4 expiro1 to brea!74 ,t "p ( ! respiration 9 :i* ! air is expell$4 ,comp>e ,inspiration4 ,,exudation4 ,transpiration4 ,! fl[ ( liquid f ! surface ( ! sk9 or membrane1 an ulc]1 c4 ,f ,,facial 7,l4 facies1 ! face74 ,belong+ to ! face2 z facial n]ve1 facial ve91 c4 ,,falx4 ,a scy! or sickle4 ,! sickle-l processes ( ! dura mat]1 situat$ betwe5 ! lobes ( ! c]ebrum & c]ebellum4 ,,fascia 7,l4 fascis1 a bundle74 ,lit]ally1 a sc>f or l>ge b&4 ,h5ce x is appli$ to ! aponeurotic expansion ( a muscle4 ,,fasciculus 7,l4 dim4 ( fascis1 a bundle74 ,a little bundle2 a h&ful4 ,?us1 a muscle consi/s ( fasciculi ( fibres4 ,,fauces4 ,! gullet or upp] "p ( ! ?roat2 ! space surr\nd$ by ! vellum palati1 ! uvula1 ! tonsils1 & ! po/]ior "p ( ! tongue4 ,,femur1 ,,femoris4 ,os femoris4 ,! ?igh-bone2 ! longe/1 l>ge/ & heavie/ ( all ! bones ( ! body4 ,,fibre 7,l4 fibra1 a filam5t74 ,a filam5t or ?read1 ( animal1 vegetable or m9]al composition4 ,,fibril4 ,a small filam5t or fibre1 z ! ultimate division ( a n]ve4 ,! t]m is d]iv$ f fibrilla1 ,l4 dim4 ( fibra1 a filam5t4 ,,fibr94 ,a t\gh1 fibr\s mass1 :i*1 toge!r ) album51 =ms ! basis ( muscle4 ,,fibro-,,c>tilage4 ,membrani=m c>tilage2 a sub/ance int]m$iate betwe5 prop] c>tilage & ligam5t4 ,,filam5t 7,l4 filum1 a ?read1 =ma1 lik5ess74 ,?read-l2 appli$ to ! papill at ! edges ( ! tongue4 ,,fissure4 ,a cleft2 a longitud9al op5+4 ,,flexor 7,l4 flecto1 to b5d74 ,a muscle :i* b5ds ! "p into :i* x is ins]t$4 ,its antagoni/ is t]m$ ext5sor4 ,,fluids4 ,sub/ances :i* h ! quality ( fluidity1 & are1 9 consequ5ce1 ( no fix$ %ape4 ,,follicle 7,l4 dim4 ( follis1 a pair ( bell[s74 ,lit]ally1 a little bag or scrip ( lea!r4 ,9 anatomy1 a v m9ute secret+ cavity4 ,,=am5 7,l4 =o1 to pi]ce74 ,an op5+4 ,,fossa 7,l4 fodio1 to dig74 ,a dit* or tr5*2 a little depression1 or s9us4 ,,function 7,l4 fungor1 to dis*>ge an (fice74 ,! (fice ( an organ 9 ! animal or vegetable economy2 z ( ! he>t 9 circulation1 ( ! leaf 9 respiration1 c4 ,g ,,gall-,,bladd]4 ,a membran\s res]voir1 lodg$ 9 a fissure on ! "u surface ( ! "r lobe ( ! liv]1 & conta9+ ! bile4 ,,gall-,,ducts4 ,^! are ! cy/ic1 proce$+ f ! gall-bladd]2 ! hepatic1 proce$+ f ! liv]2 & ! ductus communis *ol$o*us1 result+ f ! union ( ! two prec$+4 ,,ganglion 7,gr4 gangglon1 a n]ve-knot74 ,a small n]v\s c5t]1 or an enl>gem5t 9 ! c\rse ( a n]ve1 sometimes t]m$ a dim9utive bra94 ,,ga/]4 ,! ,greek t]m = /oma*4 ,,ga/ric 7,gr4 ga/]1 ! /oma*74 ,p]ta9+ to ! /oma*2 z ! ga/ric juice1 c4 ,,ga/ric ,,juice4 ,! peculi> dige/ive fluid secret$ by ! /oma*4 ,,gelat9e 7,l4 gelu1 fro/74 ,! pr9ciple ( jelly4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! sk91 c>tilages1 t5dons1 membranes & bones4 ,! pure/ v>iety ( gelat9e is is+lass4 ,,gl& 7,l4 glans1 gl&is1 an acorn74 ,a s(t body1 compos$ ( v>i\s tissues1 vessels1 n]ves1 c41 usually de/9$ to sep>ate "s fluids f ! blood4 ,,gl5oid 7,gr4 glne1 a cavity1 edos1 lik5ess74 ,! "n ( a "p hav+ a %all[ cavity2 z ! socket ( ! %\ld] jo9t4 ,,globules ,,r$ 7,l4 dim4 ( globus1 a ball74 ,! r$ color+ matt] ( ! blood2 a peculi> animal pr9ciple4 ,,glossa1 or ,,glotta 7,gr4 gltta74 ,! tongue2 ! organ ( spee*4 ,glosso4 ,t]ms comp\nd$ ( ?is ^w belong to n]ves or muscles atta*$ to ! tongue4 ,,glottis4 ,! ap]ture ( ! l>ynx betwe5 ! arytnod c>tilages4 ,x is cov]$ by a c>tilage call$ ! epi-glottis4 ,,granule4 ,a small p>ticle4 ,h ,h,,matos9 7,gr4 haima1 blood74 ,a *>act]i/ic con/itu5t ( ! blood1 d]iv$ f ! globules4 ,h,,morrhage4 ,a rupture ( a blood-vessel2 a bur/+ =? ( blood2 loss ( blood4 ,,hepatic4 ,a t]m appli$ to any "p belong+ to ! liv]4 ,,hum]us4 ,! bone ( ! upp] arm4 ,,humor 7,l4 humeo1 to be moi/74 ,an aque\s sub/ance2 z ! humors ( ! eye4 ,,hygi5e 7,gr4 to be well74 ,heal?2 ! pres]vation ( heal?2 t "p ( m$ic9e :i* reg>ds ! pres]vation ( heal?4 ,,hyoides 7! ,greek lett] upsilon74 ,a bone situat$ betwe5 ! root ( ! tongue & ! l>ynx4 ,,hypoga/rium4 ,! l[] ant]ior region ( ! abdom54 ,,hypoglossal4 ,! "n ( ! l+ualis1 or n9? pair ( n]ves1 situat$ b5ea? ! tongue4 ,i1 ,j ,,i*or4 ,a ?91 acrid dis*>ge1 issu+ f w\nds1 ulc]s1 c4 ,,jejunum 7,l4 jejunus1 hungry74 ,! upp] two-fif?s ( ! small inte/9es2 s nam$ f ?is portion be+ g5]ally f\nd empty4 ,,ileum 7to turn ab\t74 ,! l[] ?ree-fif?s ( ! small inte/9es2 s call$ f _! convolutions or p]i/altic motions4 ,,iliac ,,bone4 ,ano!r "n = ! os innom9atum1 d]iv$ f ! circum/ance t ?is comp\nd bone supports ! p>ts :i* ! anci5ts call$ ilia1 or ! flanks4 ,,iliac ,,region4 ,! region situat$ on ea* side ( ! hypoga/rium4 ,,index 7,l4 indico1 to po9t out74 ,! =ef+]2 ! f+] usually employ$ 9 po9t+ at any object4 ,,infra-,,sp9atus4 ,a muscle aris+ f ! scapula bel[ ! sp9e1 & ins]t$ into ! hum]us4 ,,innom9atus 7,l4 91 priv41 nom51 "n74 ,h5ce1 ,innom9atum os1 a bone compos$ ( ?ree portions1 viz3 #a1 ,! ilium1 or haun*-bone2 #b1 ,! is*ium1 or hip-bone2 #c1 ,! os pubis1 or %>e bone4 ,,integum5t 7,l4 91 & tego1 to cov]74 ,! cov]+ ( any "p ( ! body1 z ! cuticle1 cutis1 c4 ,,int]-,,co/al4 ,! "n ( two sets ( muscles betwe5 ! ribs--! ext]nal & ! int]nal4 ,,inte/9es 7,l4 intus1 )974 ,t "p ( ! alim5t>y canal :i* ext5ds f ! /oma* to ! anus4 ,,jugul>4 ,belong+ to ! neck2 appli$ *iefly to ! pr9cipal ve9s ( ! neck4 ,k ,,k+dom4 ,a t]m d5ot+ any ( ! pr9cipal divisions ( nature4 ,?us we h ! organic k+dom1 compreh5d+ sub/ances :i* organize2 & ! inorganic k+dom1 compreh5d+ sub/ances :i* cry/allize4 ,,knee-,,pan4 ,patella2 ! small r\nd bone at ! front ( ! knee-jo9t4 ,,kidneys4 ,two oblong gl&s1 :i* secrete ! ur9e4 ,l ,,labia4 ,! lips4 ,!y are lat]ally unit$ by means ( two acute angles1 :i* are call$ _! commissures4 ,,labyr9?4 ,! "n ( a s]ies ( cavities ( ! inn] e>1 viz3 ! ve/ibule1 ! co*lea1 & ! semi-circul> canals4 ,,la*ryma4 ,a te>2 ! fluid secret$ by ! la*rymal gl&1 & fl[+ on ! surface ( ! eye4 ,,lacteals 7,l4 lac1 milk74 ,num]\s m9ute tubes :i* absorb or take up ! *yle1 or milk-l fluid1 f ! alim5t>y canal4 ,,lactic ,,acid 7,l4 lac1 lactis1 milk74 ,an acid produc$ :5ev] milk--& p]haps mo/ animal fluids--become spontane\sly s\r4 ,,lam9a4 ,lit]ally1 a small plate ( any metal4 ,a t]m appli$ to ! foliat$ /ructure ( bones or o!r organs4 ,,l>ynx 7,gr4 l>ungx1 ! l>ynx74 ,! sup]ior "p ( ! tra*ea1 situat$ imm$iately "u ! os hyodes4 ,,l5s 7,l4 l5s1 l5tis1 a bean74 ,prop]ly1 a small r\ndi% glass1 %ap$ l a l5til1 or bean4 ,,ligam5t 7,l4 ligo1 to b9d74 ,a membrane ( a flexible b compact texture1 :i* connects ! articul> surfaces ( bones & c>tilages2 & sometimes protects ! jo9ts by a capsul> envelope4 ,,l+ua 7,l4 l+o1 to lick74 ,! tongue2 ! organ ( ta/e & spee*4 ,,liv]4 ,! l>ge/ gl&ul> app>atus 9 ! body1 ! (fice ( :i* is to secrete ! bile4 ,,lumbi4 ,! lo9s2 ! inf]ior "p ( ! back2 :5ce ,lumb>1 ! designation ( n]ves1 art]ies1 ve9s1 c41 belong+ to ! region ( ! lo9s4 ,,lungs4 ,! organs ( respiration4 ,,luxation 7,l4 luxo1 to put out ( jo9t74 ,dislocation2 or ! removal ( ! articul> surface ( bones out ( _! prop] situation4 ,,lymph 7,l4 lympha1 wat]74 ,a colorless liquid :i* circulates 9 ! lymphatics4 ,,lymphatics 7,l4 lympha1 wat]74 ,m9ute tubes :i* p]vade e "p ( ! body1 :i* !y absorb1 or take up1 9 ! =m ( lymph4 ,m ,,magnesium4 ,a metal hav+ ! color & lu/re ( silv]4 ,,masset] 7,gr4 to *ew74 ,a muscle :i* assi/s 9 *ew+4 ,,ma/oid 7,gr4 a brea/74 ,%ap$ l ! brea/ or nipple2 z appli$ to a process1 & a =am5 ( ! temporal bone4 ,,meatus 7,l4 meo1 to pass1 to fl[74 ,lit]ally1 a passage4 ,,m$ulla4 ,m>r[2 a k9d ( fix$ oil1 occupy+ ! cavities ( bones4 ,,m$ulla ,,oblongata4 ,! upp] enl>g$ portion ( ! sp9al cord4 ,,m$ulla ,,sp9alis4 ,! sp9al m>r[ or cord4 ,,m$ull>y4 ,! designation ( ! :ite sub/ance ( ! bra94 ,,mes5t]y 7,gr4 betwe5 ! b[els74 ,! membrane :i* connects ! small inte/9es & ! po/]ior wall ( ! abdom54 ,,meta-,,c>pus 7,gr4 aft]1 ! wri/74 ,t "p ( ! h& :i* is situat$ betwe5 ! c>pus & ! f+]s4 ,,meta-,,t>sus4 ,t "p ( ! foot :i* is situat$ betwe5 ! t>sus & ! toes4 ,,midriff4 ,diaphragm4 ,! muscle :i* divides ! body into ! ?orax & ! abdom54 ,,mitral ,,valves 7,l4 mitra1 a mitre74 ,! "n ( two valves :i* gu>d ! left v5tricle ( ! he>t4 ,,mol> 7,l4 mola1 a mill-/one74 ,! d\ble or gr9d+ tee?4 ,^? ) two fangs are call$ bicuspid1 or false mol>s4 ,,motor 7,l4 moveo1 to move74 ,a mov]2 a "p ^: function is motion4 ,,mucus4 ,! liquid secret$ by ! muc\s surfaces1 z ( ! no/rils1 int5d$ z a protection to ! p>ts expos$ to ext]nal influ5ces4 ,n ,,n>cotics 7,gr4 /upor74 ,m$ic9es :i* induce sleep or /upor1 z opiates4 ,,nasus4 ,! nose1 or organ ( smell2 :5ce nasal1 belong+ to ! nose4 ,,n]ves 7,l4 n]vus1 a /r+74 ,:ite cords aris+ f ! bra9 or ! sp9al m>r[1 & di/ribut$ to e "p ( ! sy/em4 ,,neuron 7,gr47 ,a n]ve2 a cord aris+ f ! bra9 or sp9al m>r[4 ,:5ce ,neurilemma1 ! %ea? ( a n]ve2 & ,neurology1 ! doctr9e ( ! n]ves4 ,,nitrog54 ,azote4 ,an elem5t>y pr9ciple1 con/itut+ f\r-fif?s ( ! volume ( atmosph]ic air4 ,,nutrition 7,l4 nutrio1 to n\ri%74 ,! process ( n\ri%+ ! frame4 ,o ,,obturator 7,l4 obturo1 to /op up74 ,! "n ( two muscles ( ! ?igh1 & ( a n]ve4 ,,occiput 7,l4 ob caput74 ,! back "p ( ! head2 ! "p opposite to ! front or s9ciput4 ,,sophagus 7,gr4 to c>ry1 to eat74 ,a canal lead+ f ! m\? to ! /oma*4 ,,oleag9\s 7,l4 oleum1 oil74 ,t :i* conta9s or resembles oil4 ,,olfactory 7,l4 olfacio1 to smell74 ,belong+ to ! smell2 ! "n ( ! fir/ pair ( c]ebral n]ves1 c4 ,,om5tum4 ,! caul2 a fold or reflexion ( ! p]itoneum4 ,,omo 7,gr4 ! %\ld]74 ,words comp\nd$ ) ?is t]m belong to muscles atta*$ to ! scapula4 ,,optic4 ,belong+ to ! sight4 ,,orbit 7,l4 orbita1 an orbit1 a track74 ,! cavity "u ! =ehead1 9 :i* ! eye is fix$4 ,,organ4 ,a "p :i* has a det]m9ate (fice 9 ! animal economy4 ,,organization4 ,a t]m appli$ to a sy/em1 compos$ ( sev]al individual p>ts1 ea* ( :i* has its prop] function1 b all conduce to ! exi/5ce ( ! entire sy/em4 ,,orig9 7,l4 origo74 ,! comm5cem5t ( a muscle f any "p4 ,its atta*m5t to ! "p x moves is call$ its ins]tion4 ,,os1 ,,ossis4 ,a bone2 a portion ( ! skeleton1 con/itut+ a passive organ ( locomotion1 z di/+ui%$ f a muscle or active organ ( ?is faculty4 ,,ossification4 ,! =mation ( bone2 ! deposition ( calc>e\s phosphate1 or c>bonate1 on ! s(t solids ( animal bodies4 ,,oxides4 ,sub/ances comb9$ ) oxyg51 )\t be+ 9 ! /ate ( an acid4 ,,oxyg54 ,a gas :i* =ms ab\t "o-fif? ( atmosph]ic air1 is capable ( support+ flame1 & is ess5tial to ! respiration ( animals4 ,p ,,pancreas4 ,a gl&1 situat$ transv]sely across ! po/]ior wall ( ! abdom54 ,9 cattle x is call$ ! sweet-bread4 ,,pancreatic ,,juice4 ,! peculi> fluid secret$ by ! pancreas4 ,,papilla4 ,! t]m papill d5otes ! small em95ces :i* con/itute ! r\ghness ( ! upp] surface ( ! tongue4 ,,p>alysis4 ,palsy2 ! total loss1 or dim9ution1 ( s5sation or ( motion1 or ( bo?4 ,,p>otid4 ,! "n ( ! l>ge1 saliv>y gl& situat$ ne> ! e>4 ,,p>ies1 ,,p>ietis4 ,! wall ( a h\se or any o!r build+2 :5ce ,p>ietal1 belong+ to ! walls ( an organ4 ,,patella 7,l4 dim4 ( pat9a1 a pan74 ,lit]ally1 a small pan4 ,! knee-pan4 ,,pectoral 7,l4 pectus1 ! brea/74 ,p]ta9+ to ! brea/4 ,,pectoralis4 ,! "n ( two muscles ( ! trunk4 ,,p$al 7,l4 p$ules74 ,p]ta9+ to a foot4 ,,pelvis 7,gr4 a bas974 ,! bas9 or l>ge bony cavity :i* t]m9ates ! trunk inf]iorly4 ,,p]ic>dium 7,gr4 ar\nd ! he>t74 ,a fibro-s]\s membrane :i* surr\nds ! he>t4 ,,p]icranium4 ,! p]io/eum or membrane :i* cov]s ! bones ( ! cranium4 ,,p]io/eum4 ,! membrane :i* surr\nds ! bones4 ,,p]i/altic4 ,a t]m appli$ to ! v]micul> contractions ( ! inte/9es ^u !mselves4 ,,p]iton,,um4 ,! s]\s membrane :i* l9es ! int]ior ( ! abdom51 & inve/s all ! visc]a conta9$ !re94 ,,p]meability 7,l4 p]1 ?r\gh1 meo1 to pass74 ,t prop]ty ( c]ta9 bodies by :i* !y admit ! passage ( o!r bodies ?r\gh _! sub/ance4 ,,p]spiration 7,l4 p]spiro1 to brea! ?r\gh74 ,! wat]y vapor :i* is con/antly pass+ (f ?r\gh ! sk94 ,,ph>ynx 7,gr4 ! ?roat74 ,a musculo-membran\s bag1 situat$ at ! back "p ( ! m\?1 lead+ to ! /oma*4 ,,phr5es 7,gr4 ! m9d74 ,! diaphragm2 s call$ because ! anci5ts suppos$ x to be ! seat ( ! m9d4 ,h5ce ! t]m ,phr5ic1 a designation ( ! int]nal respiratory n]ve1 :i* goes to ! diaphragm4 ,,phr5ology 7,gr4 an acc\nt74 ,a description ( ! m9d2 a sci5ce1 introduc$ by ,gall & ,spurzheim1 by :i* p>ticul> *>act]s & prop5sities are indicat$ by ! con=mation & protub]ances ( ! skull4 ,,physiology 7,gr4 phusis1 nature1 logos1 an acc\nt74 ,! sci5ce :i* treats ( ! prop]ties ( organic bodies1 animal & vegetable1 ( ! ph5om5a :i* !y pres5t1 & ( ! laws :i* gov]n _! actions4 ,,pia ,,mat]4 ,a vascul> membrane1 inve/+ ! :ole surface ( ! bra94 ,,pituit>y ,,membrane4 ,a designation ( ! ,s*neid]ian membrane1 :i* l9es ! cavities ( ! nose4 ,,plexus 7,l4 plecto1 to weave74 ,a k9d ( net-"w ( blood-vessels or n]ves4 ,,pneumo-,,ga/ric ,,n]ves 7,gr4 pneumon1 ! lung1 ga/r1 ! /oma*74 ,! p> vagnum1 n]vi vagi1 or eigh? pair ( n]ves1 di/ribut$ to ! /oma*4 ,,portal ,,circulation4 ,a subord9ate "p ( ! v5\s circulation1 9 :i* ! blood makes an additional circuit be=e x jo9s ! re/ ( ! v5\s blood4 ,,portal ,,ve9 7,l4 v5a port74 ,a ve9 orig9at+ f ! organs )9 ! abdom54 ,,potassium4 ,! metallic base ( ! well kn[n alkal9e sub/ance1 potassa4 ,,process4 ,apophysis4 ,a process or em95ce ( a bone4 ,also1 a lobe or portion ( ! bra94 ,,pronation 7,l4 pronus1 b5d+ d[nw>d74 ,! act ( turn+ ! palm ( ! h& d[nw>ds1 by rotat+ ! radius ^u ! ulna by means ( ! pronator muscles4 ,,pronator 7,l4 pronus1 b5d+ d[nw>d74 ,! "n ( two muscles :i* turn ! radius & ! h& inw>ds & d[nw>ds4 ,,proximate ,,pr9ciple4 ,a t]m appli$1 9 analyz+ any body1 to ! pr9ciple :i* is ne>e/ to ! natural con/itution ( ! body1 & m imm$iately ! object ( s5se1 z di/+ui%$ f int]m$iate or ultimate pr9ciples4 ,ultimate pr9ciples are ! elem5ts ( :i* proximate pr9ciples are compos$4 ,,pulmon>y1 pulmonic 7,l4 pulmo1 ! lungs74 ,relat+ or belong+ to ! lungs4 ,,pulse 7,l4 pulsus1 a /roke74 ,a beat+ or /rik+2 & h5ce1 ! /roke or beat ( an art]y4 ,,puncta ,,la*rymalia4 ,! ext]nal comm5cem5ts ( ! lacrymal ducts4 ,,pupila 7,l4 dim4 ( pupa1 a puppet74 ,! pupil1 or ! r\nd ap]ture 9 ! c5t] ( ! iris ( ! eye4 ,,pylorus 7,gr4 ple1 a gate1 ora1 c>e74 ,lit]ally a gate-keep]4 ,! l[] & contract$ orifice ( ! /oma*1 gu>d+ ! entrance into ! b[els4 ,q ,,qu>tz4 ,a species ( silici\s m9]als4 ,r ,,ramification 7,l4 ramus1 a bran*1 fio1 to become74 ,! issu+ ( a small bran* f a l>ge "o1 z ( ! m9ute bran*es f ! l>g] art]ies4 ,,ramus4 ,a bran* ( a tree2 ! designation ( portions ( sev]al bones4 ,,rectum 7,l4 rectus1 /raight74 ,! la/ portion ( ! inte/9es4 ,,refraction 7,l4 refractus1 brok5 back74 ,! prop]ty ( light1 by :i* a ray becomes b5t1 or refract$1 :5 pass+ f a r>] into a d5s] m$ium1 & vice v]s4 ,,respiration4 ,! function ( brea?+4 ,,ret9a 7,l4 rete1 a net74 ,! net l expansion ( ! optic n]ve on ! inn] surface ( ! eye4 ,s ,,sac 7,l4 saccus1 a bag74 ,a t]m appli$ to a small cavity1 z ! lacrymal sac4 ,,sacrum 7,l4 sacr$74 ,! bone :i* =ms ! basis ( ! v]tebral column2 s call$ f its hav+ be5 (f]$ 9 sacrifice1 & h5ce consid]$ sacr$4 ,,sacro4 ,a t]m appli$ to p>ts connect$ ) ! sacrum4 ,h5ce we h sacro-iliac symphysis1 sacro-sp9al ligam5t1 sacro-v]tebral angle1 c4 ,,saliva4 ,! insipid1 transp>5t1 visc\s liquid secret$ by ! saliv>y gl&s1 pr9cipally ! p>otid4 ,,sanguis4 ,blood2 ! fluid :i* circulates 9 ! he>t1 art]ies & ve9s4 ,,s>torius 7,l4 s>tor1 a tailor74 ,! muscle by means ( :i* ! tailor crosses 8 legs4 ,,scapula4 ,! %\ld]-blade4 ,,s*neid]ian ,,membrane4 ,! pituit>y membrane1 :i* secretes ! muc\s ( ! nose2 s nam$ f ,s*neid]1 :o fir/ describ$ x4 ,,scl]otica 7,gr4 sklrs1 h>d74 ,! d5se fibr\s membrane :i*1 ) ! cornea1 =ms ! ext]nal tunic ( ! eye ball4 ,,sebace\s 7,l4 sebum1 suet74 ,suety2 a t]m appli$ to follicles1 :i* secrete a peculi> oily matt]1 & are abundant 9 "s p>ts ( ! sk91 z 9 ! nose1 c4 ,,secretion 7,l4 sec]no1 to sep>ate74 ,a sub/ance secret$ or sep>at$ f ! blood by ! action ( a secret+ organ4 ,,s]um4 ,! ?9 yell[i% fluid con/itu5t ( ! blood4 ,,s9ciput4 ,! =e "p ( ! head4 ,! back "p is call$ occiput4 ,,s9ew4 ,! ligam5t :i* jo9s two bones4 ,,s9us4 ,a gulf4 ,h5ce x d5otes a cavity or cell )9 ! sub/ance ( a bone1 z ( ! =ehead2 also a l>ge v5\s canal1 z ^? ( ! dura mat]4 ,,skeleton 7,gr4 skllo1 to dry up74 ,! dry1 bony frame "w ( an animal1 :i* su/a9s ! o!r organs4 ,,sp9al ,,cord4 ,m$ulla sp9alis4 ,! m$ull>y matt] conta9$ )9 ! sp9e1 or v]tebral column4 ,,sple54 ,a spongy organ situat$ at ! left & beh9d ! /oma*4 ,,spl9t-,,bone4 ,! fibula or small bone ( ! leg2 s nam$ f its resembl+ a surgical spl9t4 ,,/]num4 ,! brea/ bone4 ,,sub4 ,a ,lat9 preposition1 d5ot+ a position b5ea? any body4 ,,sub-,,clavian4 ,situat$ "u ! clavicle4 ,,sub-,,clavius4 ,a muscle aris+ f ! c>tilage ( ! fir/ rib1 & ins]t$ into ! l[] surface ( ! clavicle4 ,,sub-,,cutane\s4 ,b5ea? ! sk94 ,,sub-,,l+ual4 ,b5ea? ! tongue4 ,,sub-,,maxill>y4 ,b5ea? ! jaw4 ,,sudor 7,l4 sudo1 to sweat74 ,sweat2 ! vapor :i* passes ?r\gh ! sk9 & cond5ses on ! surface ( ! body4 ,,sudorif]\s ,,canals4 ,m9ute spiral follicles1 di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole surface ( ! sk91 = ! secretion ( ! sweat4 ,,suture 7,l4 suo1 to sew74 ,a seam2 ! junction ( ! bones ( ! cranium by a s]rat$ l9e1 resembl+ ! /it*es ( a seam4 ,,sympa!tic ,,n]ve4 ,a n]ve consi/+ ( a *a9 ( ganglia1 ext5d+ along ! side ( ! v]tebral column f ! head to ! coccyx1 communicat+ ) all ! o!r n]ves ( ! body1 & suppos$ to produce a sympa?y betwe5 ! affections ( diff]5t p>ts4 ,t ,,t>sus4 ,! in/ep2 ! space betwe5 ! bones ( ! leg & metat>sus4 ,,te>s4 ,a peculi> fluid :i* lubricates ! eye4 ,,tempora 7,l4 pl4 ( tempus1 "t74 ,! temples1 or t "p ( ! head on :i* ! hair g5]ally beg9s to turn gray1 ?us indicat+ ! age2 :5ce temporal1 p]ta9+ to ! temples1 z temporal bones4 ,,t5acity 7,l4 t5eo1 to hold74 ,! degree ( =ce ) :i* ! p>ticles ( bodies coh]e or are held toge!r4 ,,t5don 7,l4 tino1 to /ret*74 ,a fibr\s cord at ! extremity ( a muscle1 by :i* ! muscle is atta*$ to a bone4 ,,t5sor 7,l4 t5do1 to /ret*74 ,a muscle :i* /ret*es any "p4 ,,t5tacula4 ,a filli=m process or organ on ! bodies ( v>i\s animals4 ,,?orax 7,gr4 ?rax74 ,! *e/2 or t cavity ( ! body :i* conta9s ! he>t & lungs4 ,,?oracic ,,duct4 ,! great trunk =m$ by ! junction ( ! absorb5t vessels4 ,,?yroid 7,gr4 ?ures1 a %ield74 ,! "n giv5 to a %ield-%ap$ c>tilage ( ! l>ynx1 & ( a gl& situat$ on ! tra*ea4 ,,tibia4 ,lit]ally1 a flute or pipe4 ,! %9-bone1 or ! great bone ( ! leg4 ,,tibial4 ,tibialis4 ,p]ta9+ to ! tibia4 ,,tissue4 ,a web1 or web-l /ructure1 con/itut+ ! elem5t>y /ructures ( animals & plants4 ,,tonsils 7,l4 tondeo1 to clip or %e>74 ,! r\nd gl& situat$ 9 ! ?roat betwe5 ! pill>s ( ! velum palati4 ,,tra*ea 7,gr4 tra*us1 r\gh74 ,! w9dpipe4 ,! t]m is d]iv$ f ! inequality ( its c>tilages4 ,,triceps4 ,hav+ ?ree heads4 ,appli$ to sev]al muscles4 ,,tricuspid4 ,hav+ ?ree po9ts4 ,a t]m appli$ to ?ree triangul> =ds or valves situat$ betwe5 ! "r auricle & ! "r v5tricle ( ! he>t4 ,,trifacial4 ,triple-facial4 ,a t]m appli$ to ! fif? pair ( n]ves1 ! gr& s5sitive n]ve ( ! head & face4 ,,tro*ant] 7,gr4 tro*o1 to run or roll74 ,! "n ( two processes ( ! ?igh-bone--! major & ! m9or4 ,,tunic4 ,! upp] g>m5t ( ! ,romans4 ,h5ce x is appli$ to sev]al membranes ( ! body4 ,,tympanum 7,gr4 tmpanon1 a drum74 ,! drum ( ! e>4 ,u ,,ulna 7,gr4 oln1 ! cubit74 ,! l>ge bone ( ! =e-arm2 s nam$ f its be+ (t5 us$ z a measure1 "u ! t]m ell4 ,,uvea 7,l4 uva1 grape74 ,! po/]ior surface ( ! iris2 s call$ f its resemblance 9 color to a ripe grape4 ,v ,,vacuum 7,l4 vaccus1 empty74 ,lit]ally1 an empty place4 ,?is t]m g5]ally d5otes ! int]ior ( a close vessel1 f :i* ! atmosph]ic air & e o!r gas h be5 extract$4 ,,valve 7,l4 valv1 fold+-doors74 ,a close lid affix$ to a tube or op5+ 9 "s vessel1 by means ( a h+e or o!r movable jo9t1 & :i* c be op5$ only 9 "o direction4 ,h5ce x signifies a little membrane :i* prev5ts ! return ( fluid 9 ! blood-vessels & absorb5ts4 ,,valvula 7,l4 dim4 ( valve74 ,a little valve4 ,,vas1 ,,vasis4 ,plural1 ,vasa4 ,a vessel1 or any ut5sil to hold liquor4 ,,vascul> ,,sy/em4 ,t "p ( ! animal economy :i* relates to ! vessels4 ,,v5\s4 ,belong+ to a ve94 ,,v5triculus 7,l4 dim4 ( v5t]1 ! belly74 ,! t]m v5tricle is also appli$ to two cavities ( ! he>t1 & to sev]al cavities 9 o!r p>ts ( ! body4 ,,v]tebra 7,l4 v]to1 to turn74 ,a bone ( ! sp9e2 s nam$ f its turn+ ^u ! adjo9+ "o4 ,,v]tebral4 ,connect$ ) ! v]tebra4 ,,vessicle 7,l4 dim4 ( vesica1 a bladd]74 ,a little bladd]4 ,,villus4 ,lit]ally1 ! %aggy hair ( bea/s4 ,"s ( ! membranes ( ! body1 z ! muc\s membrane ( ! inte/9al canal1 pres5t a surface ( m9ute papill1 t]m$ villi1 villosities1 resembl+ a d[ny tissue1 cont9ually cov]$ ) fluid4 ,,vitre\s ,,body 7,l4 vitrum1 glass74 ,vitre\s hum\r4 ,a transp>5t mass1 resembl+ melt$ glass1 occupy+ ! globe ( ! eye1 & inclos$ 9 ! hyalod membrane4 ,w ,,w>m-,,blood$4 ,a t]m appli$ to ! mammalia & birds :i* h a two-fold circulation4 ,x ,,xyphoid 7,gr4 xphos1 a sword1 edos1 lik5ess74 ,sword-l2 a t]m appli$ to ! c>tilage ( ! /]num4 ,,! ,,end4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes pg #fg ,*ang$3 ,alcohol & common salt bo? act 9 ! pres]vavation to3 ,alcohol & common salt bo? act 9 ! pres]vation pg #gf ,*ang$3 t a man entirely unaqua9t$ to3 t a man entirely unacqua9t$ pg #hj ,*ang$3 upw>ds into ! ! fascia to3 upw>ds into ! fascia pg #ajb ,*ang$3 z to ! quantitive composition to3 z to ! quantitative composition pg #abf ,*ang$3 ! lids mu/ be s[n toge!r to3 ! lids mu/ be sewn toge!r pg #abf ,*ang$3 9 its quantitive composition to3 9 its quantitative composition pg #acg ,*ang$3 unbias$ by a visci\s appetite to3 unbias$ by a vici\s appetite pg #aib ,*ang$3 be+ g5]at$ insdie ( a cyl9d] to3 be+ g5]at$ inside ( a cyl9d]