,! writ+s ( ,orig51 ,vol4 #b ( #b ,,ante-,,nic5e ,,*ri/ian ,,libr>y3 ,,translations ,,( ,,! ,,writ+s ,,( ,,! ,,fa!rs ,,d[n ,,to ,a4,d4 #cbe4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,alex&] ,,rob]ts1 ,d4,d41 ,,& ,,james ,,donaldson1 ,,ll4,d4 ,,vol4 ,,xxiii4 ,,orig5 ,,contra ,,celsum4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,t4 ,t4 ,,cl>k1 #ch1 ,,george ,,/reet4 ,,mdccclxxii4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,murray ,,& ,,gibb1 ,,= ,t4 ,t4 ,,cl>k1 ,,ed9burgh4 ,,london1 ,,hamilton1 ,,adams1 ,,& ,,co4 ,,dubl91 ,,john ,,rob]tson ,,& ,,co4 ,,new ,,york1 ,c4 ,,scribn] ,,& ,,co4 ,,! ,,writ+s ,,( ,,orig54 ,,translat$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,fr$]ick ,,crombie1 ,d4,d41 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,biblical ,,criticism1 ,,/4 ,,m>y',s ,,college1 ,,/4 ,,&rews4 ,,volume ,,ii4 ,,orig5 ,,contra ,,celsum1 ,,books ,,ii4-,,viii4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,t4 ,t4 ,,cl>k1 #ch1 ,,george ,,/reet4 ,,mdccclxxii4 ,books ,,vii4 & ,,viii4 h be5 translat$ by ! late ,w4 ,h4 ,,cairns1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ! ,dumfries ,academy1 & ! re/ by ,,pr(essor ,,crombie4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,volume ,i4 ,,book ,i41 #cic-dgh ,,preface4--,orig5 und]takes ?is treatise at ! desire ( ,ambrose1 b ?9ks x unnecess>y1 z ! facts & doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity =m its be/ def5ce--"w begun on "o plan & c>ri$ on on ano!r4 ,fir/ objection ( ,celsus is1 t ,*ri/ians ent] into secret associations1 "s ( :i* are illegal1--8 object be+ to discr$it ! 8love-fea/s0 ( ! ,*ri/ians3 ,answ] ( ,orig5--*ap4 i4 ,second objection ( ,celsus1 t ,judaism1 on :i* ,*ri/ianity dep5ds1 _h a b>b>\s orig93 ,answ]--*ap4 ii4 ,celsus objects t ,*ri/ians practise _! doctr9es 9 secret to avoid ! p5alty ( dea?3 ,answ]--*ap4 iii4 ,morality ( ,*ri/ianity nei!r v5]able nor new3 ,answ]--*ap4 iv4 ,celsus approves ( ! views ( ,*ri/ians respect+ idolatry1 b ass]ts t ^! views are prior to ,*ri/ianity3 ,answ]--*ap4 v4 ,ass]ts t ! miracles ( ,*ri/ianity 7 p]=m$ by means ( ! invocation ( demons3 ,answ]--*ap4 vi4 ,t ,*ri/ianity is a secret sy/em ( belief3 ,answ]--*ap4 vii4 ,ma9ta9s t a man %\ld die = 8 belief2 inconsi/5cy ( ?is ) 8 pr(ession z an ,epicurean--*ap4 viii4 ,ma9ta9s t reason ought to be ! guide ( m5 9 adopt+ op9ions1 & *>ges ,*ri/ians ) inculcat+ a bl9d belief3 ,answ]--*aps4 ix4-xi4 ,boa/ ( ,celsus1 t he is acqua9t$ ) all ! op9ions ( ! ,*ri/ians1 %[n to be unf\nd$--*ap4 xii4 ,misrepres5tation by ,celsus ( ! /atem5t 9 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ah1 #ai3 ,correction & explanation--*ap4 xiii4 ,inconsi/5cy ( ,celsus 9 accept+ ! acc\nts ( ,greeks & b>b>ians z to _! antiquity1 :ile reject+ ! hi/ories ( ! ,jews--*aps4 xiv4-xvi4 ,celsus objects to giv+ an allegorical signification to ! ,jewi% hi/ory2 inconsi/5cy ( ?is--*ap4 xvii4 ,*all5ges a comp>ison betwe5 ! writ+s ( ,l9us1 ,musu1 etc41 & ! laws ( ,moses3 ,answ]--*ap4 xviii4 ,celsus holds t ! _w 0 uncreat$1 & yet is l$ to admit t x is comp>atively mod]n--*aps4 xix41 xx4 ,celsus ass]ts t ,moses borr[$ 8 doctr9es f wise nations & eloqu5t m51 & ?us obta9$ ! reputation ( div9ity3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxi4 ,circumcision1 accord+ to ,celsus1 fir/ practis$ by ! ,egyptians3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxii4 ,! foll[]s ( ,moses1 %eph]ds & h]dsm51 7 l$ to believe 9 ! unity ( ,god ?r\gh delusion & vulg> conceit3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxiii4 ,v>i\s names giv5 to ! "o ,god by ! foll[]s ( ,moses1 all ev9c+ _! ignorance ( ,8 nature3 ,discussion reg>d+ ! significance ( ! div9e names 9 v>i\s languages--*aps4 xxiv41 xxv4 ,celsus *>ges ! ,jews ) wor%ipp+ angels & practis+ sorc]y3 ,answ]--*aps4 xxvi41 xxvii4 ,inconsi/5cy ( ,celsus 9 introduc+ a ,jew1 z an oppon5t ( ,jesus1 :o does n ma9ta9 ! "* ( a ,jew ?r\gh\t ! discussion3 ,?is ,jew repres5t$ z accus+ ,jesus ( hav+ 8inv5t$ 8 bir? f a virg910 & upbraid+ ,him ) 8be+ born 9 a c]ta9 ,jewi% village ( a poor woman ( ! c\ntry :o ga9$ h] subsi/5ce by sp9n+1 & :o 0 turn$ out ( doors by h] husb&1 a c>p5t] by trade1 because %e 0 convict$ ( adult]y2 & aft] be+ driv5 away by h] husb& & w&]+ ab\t = a "t1 %e disgracefully gave bir? to ,jesus1 an illegitimate *ild1 :o1 hav+ hir$ himself out z a s]vant 9 ,egypt on acc\nt ( 8 pov]ty1 & hav+ !re acquir$ "s miracul\s p[]s1 on :i* ! ,egyptians greatly pride !mselves1 return$ to 8 own c\ntry1 highly elat$ on acc\nt ( !m1 & by help ( !m proclaim$ himself a god0--*ap4 xxviii4 ,prelim9>y rem>ks to a full answ] to ^! *>ges--*aps4 xxix4-xxxii4 ,pro( t ! bir? ( ,*ri/ f a virg9 0 pr$ict$ by ! prophets--*aps4 xxxiii4-xxxv4 ,pro( t prophets exi/$ among ! ,jews--*ap4 xxxvi4 ,possibility ( ! miracul\s bir? ( ,*ri/--*ap4 xxxvii4 ,answ] to ! ass]tion t ,jesus wr\ght ,8 miracles by magic1 & n by div9e p[]--*ap4 xxxviii4 ,sc(fs ( ,celsus reg>d+ ! "m ( ,jesus n des]v+ ( answ]--*ap4 xxxix4 ,celsus *>ges ! n>rative 9 ,mat!w reg>d+ ! dove :i* alight$ ^u ! ,savi\r at ,8 baptism ) be+ fictiti\s2 %[s great want ( me?od & ord] 9 ! mann] 9 :i* he br+s 8 *>ges--*ap4 xl4 ,answ]--*aps4 xli4-xlviii4 ,celsus sets aside ! fact t ! com+ ( ,jesus 0 pr$ict$ by ! ,jewi% prophets1 p]haps because he 0 n acqua9t$ ) ! prophecies relat+ to ,*ri/3 ,inconsi/5cy ( repres5t+ ! ,jew z say+1 8,my prophet once decl>$ 9 ,j]usalem t ! ,son ( ,god w come z ! judge ( ! righte\s & ! puni%] ( ! wick$0--*aps4 xlix41 l4 ,detail$ evid5ce f prophecy respect+ ! bir? ( ,*ri/--*aps4 li4-liii4 ,answ] to objection ( ,celsus reg>d+ ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/--*aps4 liv4-lvi4 ,celsus ass]ts t e man1 born accord+ to ! decree ( div9e ,provid5ce1 is a son ( ,god3 ,answ]--*ap4 lvii4 ,! ,jew ( ,celsus goes on to misrepres5t ! ,gospel acc\nt ( ! visit ( ! ,magi1 & ( ! slaught] ( ! innoc5ts by ,h]od3 ,answ]--*aps4 lviii4-lxi4 ,calumnies ( ,celsus reg>d+ ! numb] & "* & conduct ( ! disciples ( ,jesus3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxii4-lxv4 ,! absurdity ( ! /ory ( our ,"l's removal :5 an infant1 is1 accord+ to ,celsus1 a pro( t ,he 0 n div9e3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxvi4 ,celsus d5ies t ! works ( ,jesus 7 at all rem>kable z comp>$ ) ^? attribut$ to ,p]seus & ,amphion1 & o!r my?ological p]sonages1 b admits aft]w>ds t "s ( !m 7 rem>kable1--su* z ,8 cures1 & ,8 resurrection1 & ! fe$+ ( ! multitude1--al?\gh he imm$iately aft]w>ds comp>es !m to ! tricks ( juggl]s1 & d5ies t !y c furni% any pro( ( ,8 be+ 8,son ( ,god30 ,answ]--*aps4 lxvii41 lxviii4 ,objection ( ,celsus t ! body ( ,jesus c\ld n h be5 t ( a god1 nor c\ld be n\ri%$ ) su* food z ,jesus p>took (3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxix41 lxx4 ,decl>es t op9ions ( ,jesus 7 ^? ( a wick$ & ,god-hat$ sorc]]3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxi4 ,,volume ,,ii4 ,,book ,,ii41 #a -#hd ,?is book conta9s ,orig5's answ]s to ! *>ges :i* ,celsus1 9 ! p]son ( a ,jew1 br+s aga9/ ! conv]ts f ,judaism to ,*ri/ianity4 ,ma9 *>ge is1 t 8!y h =sak5 ! law ( _! fa!rs1 9 consequ5ce ( _! m9ds be+ l$ captive by ,jesus2 t !y h be5 mo/ ridicul\sly deceiv$2 & t !y h become des]t]s to ano!r "n & to ano!r mode ( life40 ,answ] to ^! *>ges--*ap4 i4 ,digression ^u c]ta9 decl>ations ( ,jesus 9 ! ,gospels--*ap4 ii4 ,ignorance ( ,celsus ev9c$ by ! mann] 9 :i* he repres5ts ! ,jew z address+ ! ,israeliti% conv]ts--*ap4 iii4 ,objection ( ,jew1 t ,*ri/ianity takes its orig9 f ,judaism1 & t aft] a c]ta9 po9t x disc>ds ,judaism3 ,answ]--*ap4 iv4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t ,jesus 0 puni%$ by ! ,jews = ,8 crimes1 already answ]$--*ap4 v4 ,obs]vance by ,jesus ( ,jewi% usages & sacrificial obs]vances1 no argum5t aga9/ ,8 recognition z ! ,son ( ,god--*ap4 vi4 ,language ( ,jesus furni%es n ! slighte/ evid5ce1 b ! rev]se1 ( arrogance3 ,quotations--*ap4 vii4 ,allegation1 t :5 m5 are will+ to be deceiv$1 _m p]sons l ,jesus w\ld f9d a fri5dly reception2 inconsi/5cy ( ?is2 v>i\s o!r *>ges dispos$ (--*ap4 viii4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t ,jesus c\ld n be deem$ a god because he 0 curr5tly report$ to h p]=m$ none ( 8 promises1 &1 aft] conviction & s5t5ce1 0 f\nd attempt+ to conceal himself & endeav\r+ to escape1 & 0 !n betray$ by 8 disciples2 impossibility ( su* ?+s1 accord+ to ,celsus1 happ5+ to a god3 ,answ] to ^! calumnies & objections--*aps4 ix4-xi4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t ,jesus 0 inf]ior to a brig& *ief1 because ,he 0 betray$ by ,8 disciples3 ,answ]--*ap4 xii4 ,celsus ass]ts t he omits m5tion ( _m ?+s 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ :i* he c\ld /ate to ,8 disadvantage2 *all5g$ to produce su*3 ,sev]al pr$ictions ( ,jesus quot$ & comm5t$ on--*ap4 xiii4 ,celsus makes light ( ! admission t future ev5ts 7 pr$ict$ by ,jesus3 ,rem>ks ( ,orig5 9 answ]--*ap4 xiv4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t ! disciples ( ,jesus devis$ ! fiction t ,he =eknew ev]y?+ be=e x happ5$3 ,answ]--*ap4 xv4 ,ass]ts t ! disciples wrote ! acc\nts !y h giv5 by way ( ext5uat+ ! *>ges aga9/ ,him3 ,answ]--*ap4 xvi4 ,celsus alleges t a prud5t man--mu* m a god or _s--w\ld h tri$ to escape dang]s t 7 =ese51 :]eas ,jesus did ! rev]se3 ,answ]--*ap4 xvii4 ,objection ( ,celsus1 t ! ann\ncem5ts :i* ,jesus made reg>d+ ^? disciples :o 7 to betray & d5y ,him _h n ! effect ( det]r+ !m f _! treason & p]jury1 %[n to be self-contradictory--*ap4 xviii4 ,fur!r /atem5t ( ,celsus1 t 9 su* cases int5d+ crim9als ab&on _! int5tions1 %[n to be untrue--*ap4 xix4 ,objection1 t if ,jesus _h be5 a ,god1 ,8 pr$ictions mu/ infallibly h come to pass2 & ass]tion1 t ,he plott$ aga9/ ! memb]s ( ,8 own table3 ,refut$--*aps4 xx4-xxii4 ,ass]tion1 t ! ?+s :i* ,he suff]$ c\ld h be5 nei!r pa9ful nor di/ress+1 because ,he submitt$ to !m volunt>ily & z a ,god--*ap4 xxiii4 ,misrepres5tation ( ,celsus z to ! language employ$ by ,jesus dur+ ,8 suff]+s--*aps4 xxiv41 xxv4 ,celsus *>ges ! disciples ) hav+ inv5t$ /atem5ts3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxvi4 ,alleges t ,*ri/ian believ]s h corrupt$ ! gospel 9 ord] to be able to reply to objections3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxvii4 ,! ,jew ( ,celsus reproa*es ,*ri/ians ) mak+ use ( ! prophets3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxviii4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t f su* signs & mis9t]pretations1 & f pro(s s mean1 no "o c\ld prove ,jesus to be ,god & ! ,son ( ,god3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxx4 ,*>ges ,*ri/ians ) sophi/ical reason+ 9 say+ t ! ,son ( ,god is ! ,logos ,himself3 ,refutation--*ap4 xxxi4 ,objection ( ,celsus to our ,"l's g5ealogy3 ,refutation--*ap4 xxxii4 ,celsus ridicules ! actions ( ,jesus z unwor?y ( a ,god3 ,refutation--*ap4 xxxiii4 ,inconsi/5cy ( ,celsus 9 repres5t+ ! ,jew z conv]sant ) ,greek lit]ature2 v>i\s rem>ks ( ,celsus answ]$--*ap4 xxxiv4 ,"q ( ,celsus1 :y ,jesus does n give "s manife/ation ( ,8 div9ity by tak+ v5geance ^u ^? :o insult ,him & ,8 ,fa!r3 ,answ]$--*ap4 xxxv4 ,celsus sc(f+ly inquires1 ,:at 0 ! nature ( ! i*or 9 ! body ( ,jesus8 & ass]ts t ,jesus ru%$ ) op5 m\? to dr9k ( ! v9eg> & gall3 ,answ]--*aps4 xxxvi41 xxxvii4 ,sne] ( ! ,jew1 t ,*ri/ians f9d fault ) ,jews = n recognis+ ,jesus z ,god3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxxviii4 ,falsehood ( ! ass]tion ( ?is ,jew ( ,celsus1 t ,jesus ga9$ ov] to ,8 cause no "o dur+ ,8 life1 n ev5 ,8 own disciples--*ap4 xxxix4 ,jew goes on to ass]t t ,jesus did n %[ ,himself to be pure f all evil3 ,answ]--*aps4 xli41 xlii4 ,falsity ( ! /atem5t1 t ,jesus1 aft] fail+ to ga9 ov] ^? :o 7 9 ?is _w1 w5t to ,hades to ga9 ov] ^? :o 7 !re--*ap4 xliii4 ,celsus ass]ts fur!r1 t o!r individuals :o h be5 condemn$ & di$ mis]able dea?s ought to be reg>d$ z great] & m div9e mess5g]s ( heav5 ?an ,jesus3 ,answ]--*ap4 xliv4 ,argum5t ( ,celsus aga9/ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 f ! diff]5t behavi\r ( ! actual foll[]s ( ,jesus dur+ ,8 life & t ( ,*ri/ians at ! pres5t day3 ,answ]--*ap4 xlv4 ,falsehood ( ! ass]tion1 t ,jesus :5 on e>? ga9$ ov] to ,himself only sailors & tax-ga!r]s ( ! mo/ wor?less "*--*ap4 xlvi4 ,answ] to ! "q1 ,by :at tra9 ( argum5t 7 ,*ri/ians l$ to reg>d ,jesus z ! ,son ( ,god8--*ap4 xlvii4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t ,jesus is deem$ by ,*ri/ians to be ! ,son ( ,god because ,he heal$ ! lame & ! bl9d & is ass]t$ to h rais$ ! dead3 ,answ]--*ap4 xlviii4 ,/atem5t ( ,celsus1 t ,jesus convict$ ,himself ( be+ a sorc]]3 ,refut$ by ,8 pr$ictions reg>d+ false prophets1 etc4--*aps4 xlix41 l4 ,no resemblance betwe5 ! works ( ,jesus & ^? ( a sorc]]--*ap4 li4 ,inconsi/5cy ( ! ,jew 9 rais+ ! objections :i* he does1 see+ t ! same objections might be rais$ aga9/ ! div9ity ( ,mosaism--*aps4 lii4-liv4 ,jew objects fur!r1 t ! pr$ictions1 al?\gh actually utt]$1 prove no?+1 because _m h be5 deceiv$ by juggl+ tricks2 ass]ts also1 t !re is no satisfactory evid5ce ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 ! report ( :i* c be expla9$ 9 o!r ways3 ,answ]--*aps4 lv4-lxii4 ,celsus proce$s to br+1 z a s]i\s *>ge aga9/ ,jesus1 t ,he did n appe> aft] ,8 resurrection to ^? :o _h ill-treat$ ,him & condemn$ ,him1 & to m5 9 g5]al3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxiii4-lxvii4 ,celsus ass]ts1 t x w\ld h help$ to manife/ ,8 div9ity if ,he _h at once disappe>$ f ! cross3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxviii41 lxix4 ,inconsi/5cy ( ,celsus' /atem5t 7t ,jesus conceal$ ,himself7 ) ! facts ( ! case1 po9t$ out--*ap4 lxx4 ,c]ta9 decl>ations ( ,jesus reg>d+ ,himself1 notic$--*ap4 lxxi4 ,celsus asks :y1 if ,jesus wi%$ to rema9 hid1 a voice 0 he>d f heav5 proclaim+ ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god8 or1 if ,he did n seek concealm5t1 :y 0 ,he puni%$8 or1 :y did ,he die8 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxii4 ,celsus ass]ts1 t no witness is ne$$ to refute ! /atem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ians1 because ^! are tak5 f _! own books1 :i* are self-contradictory3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxiv4 ,impossibility1 accord+ to ,celsus1 t a god1 :o 0 expect$ to appe> among m51 %\ld be receiv$ ) incr$ulity on 8 com+1 or %\ld fail to be recognis$ by ^? :o h be5 look+ = him3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxv4 ,all objections br\ght by ! ,jew aga9/ ,*ri/ianity might be retort$ on himself3 ,illu/rations--*ap4 lxxvi4 ,jew pr(esses 8 belief 9 a bodily resurrection & 9 et]nal life--*ap4 lxxvii4 ,asks if ,jesus came into ! _w to produce unbelief 9 ! m9ds ( m53 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxviii4 ,conclusion ( ! ,jew is t ev]y?+ proves ,jesus to h be5 a man3 ,g5]al refutation4 ,,book ,,iii41 #he-afj ,object ( ,book ,?ird to refute ! *>ges :i* ,celsus makes aga9/ ,*ri/ianity 9 8 own p]son4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus t ! controv]sy betwe5 ,jews & ,*ri/ians is mo/ fooli%2 t !re is no?+ ( importance 9 ! inve/igations ( ,jews & ,*ri/ians2 because1 al?\gh bo? believe t a ,savi\r 0 pr$ict$1 yet !y d n agree on ! po9t :e!r ,he has actually come or n4 ,refutation ( ^! /atem5ts g5]ally--*aps4 i4-iv4 ,celsus alleges t bo? ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity orig9at$ 9 rebellion aga9/ ! ,/ate2 impossibility ( ?is--*aps4 v4-vii4 ,jews %[n f _! language n to be ,egyptians--*ap4 viii4 ,falsehood ( ! ass]tion t ,*ri/ians d n desire to conv]t all m51 ev5 if !y c\ld--*ap4 ix4 ,pro( ( ,celsus 9 support ( 8 ass]tion3 ,answ]--*aps4 x4-xiii4 ,union ( ,*ri/ians alleg$ to re/ ^u no sub/antial reason1 save on rebellion & fe> ( ext]nal enemies3 ,answ]--*aps4 xiv41 xv4 ,falsity ( ! *>ge t ,*ri/ians inv5t t]rors--*ap4 xvi4 ,comp>ison ( ! articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? to ,egyptian temples1 :]e1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh impos+ av5ues1 no?+ is f\nd z an object ( wor%ip save a cat1 or an ape1 or a crocodile1 or a goat1 or a dog3 ,refutation ( ?is--*aps4 xvii4-xxi4 ,celsus ass]ts t ! ,dioscuri1 & ,h]cules1 & sculapius1 & ,dionysus1 are believ$ by ! ,greeks to h become gods aft] be+ m52 b t we refuse to recognise !m z su*1 al?\gh !y manife/$ _m noble qualities1 display$ = ! b5efit ( mank9d3 ,g5]al answ]--*ap4 xxii4 ,comp>ison ( our ,"l's "* ) t ( individuals ref]r$ to--*ap4 xxiii4 ,unfairness ( ,celsus 9 requir+ ,*ri/ians to believe ! /ories reg>d+ su* be+s1 & yet refus+ 8 ass5t to ! cr$ibility ( ! ,gospel n>ratives reg>d+ ,jesus--*ap4 xxiv4 ,exam9ation ( ! case ( sculapius--*aps4 xxv41 xxvi42 ( ,ari/eas ( ,proconnesus--*aps4 xxvi4-xxix4 ,sup]iority ( ! *ur*es ( ,god ov] ! public assemblies--*aps4 xxix41 xxx4 ,comp>ison ( ! cases ( ,ab>is ! ,hyp]borean & ( ! ,clazom5ian ) ,jesus--*aps4 xxxi41 xxxii4 ,exam9ation ( ! /ory ( ,cleom$es ( ,a/ypalea--*ap4 xxxiii4 ,celsus alleges t !re are _m o!r simil> in/ances3 ,?is /atem5t1 ev5 if true1 %[n to be inapplicable--*ap4 xxxiv4 ,celsus *all5g$ to say :e!r he believes su* be+s really to be demons1 or h]oes1 or gods3 ,consequ5ces :i* w foll[--*ap4 xxxv4 ,comp>ison ( case ( ,ant9\s1 ! fav\rite ( ,hadrian1 %[n to be absurd--*aps4 xxxvi4-xxxviii4 ,allegation ( ,celsus t fai? alone leads ,*ri/ians to give _! ass5t to ! doctr9es ( ,jesus3 ,exam9ation ( ?is /atem5t--*aps4 xxxix4-xli4 ,comp>ison ( mortal fle% ( ,jesus to gold1 silv]1 or /one1 %[n to be inept--*ap4 xlii4 ,celsus ass]ts1 t 9 ridicul+ ! wor%ipp]s ( ,jupit]1 :o 0 buri$ 9 ,crete1 :ile wor%ipp+ ,jesus1 :o rose f ! grave1 we are guilty ( inconsi/5cy3 ,answ]--*ap4 xliii4 ,v>i\s objections aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 ga!r$ f ! m un9tellig5t ,*ri/ians1 adduc$ by ,celsus2 enum]ation ( ^!3 ,answ]s--*aps4 xliv41 xlv4 ,*ri/ians d desire t !re %\ld be wise m5 among !m--*aps4 xlv4-xlviii4 ,allegation t only ! l[1 & ! vile1 & ! ignorant1 ) wom5 & *ildr51 are desir$ z conv]ts1 %[n to be false 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x is advanc$ by ,celsus--*aps4 xlix4-liv4 ,*>ge br\ght aga9/ tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity ( surreptiti\sly inculcat+ _! doctr9es ^u *ildr5 )\t ! k ( _! p>5ts--*ap4 lv4 ,exam9ation ( ?is *>ge--*aps4 lvi4-lviii4 ,answ] to *>ge ( ,celsus1 t ,*ri/ians invite ! wick$ alone to p>ticipation 9 _! sacr$ rites--*aps4 lix4-lxii4 ,refutation ( ! *>ge t ,god does n decide 9 accordance ) tru?1 b ) flatt]y--*ap4 lxiii4 ,answ] to "q ( ,celsus1 :y s9n]s are pref]r$ ov] o!rs--*ap4 lxiv4 ,falsehood ( ! ass]tion t ,*ri/ians are able to ga9 ov] none b s9n]s--*ap4 lxv4 ,error ( ,celsus 9 d5y+ ! possibility ( a complete trans=mation ( "*--*ap4 lxvi4 ,8 mean+ probably 01 t su* trans=mation c\ld n be effect$ by puni%m5t2 ?is %[n to be false--*ap4 lxvii4 ,trans=mation ( "*1 9 c]ta9 cases1 by means ( philosophical disc\rses1 n a matt] to excite surprise3 "* ( ,*ri/ian prea*+--*ap4 lxviii4 ,exam9ation ( ,celsus' /atem5t1 t to *ange a nature entirely is exce$+ly difficult--*ap4 lxix4 ,god c d all t x is possible = ,him to d )\t ceas+ to be ,god--*ap4 lxx4 ,falsity ( /atem5t t ,god alleviates ! suff]+s ( ! wick$ ?r\gh pity = _! wail+s1 b ca/s (f ! good--*ap4 lxxi4 ,no truly wise man c\ld be misl$ by any /atem5ts ( an un9tellig5t ,*ri/ian--*ap4 lxxii4 ,falsity ( /atem5ts1 t ! ambassador ( ,*ri/ianity relates only ridicul\s ?+s--*ap4 lxxiii4 ,t he seeks aft] ! un9tellig5t alone--*ap4 lxxiv4 ,t he acts l a p]son :o promises to re/ore pati5ts to bodily heal?1 b :o prev5ts !m f consult+ skill$ physicians1 :o w\ld expose 8 ignorance--*ap4 lxxv4 ,t ! ,*ri/ian tea*] acts l a drunk5 man1 :o %\ld ent] a company ( drunk>ds1 & accuse ^? :o 7 sob] ( be+ drunk--*ap4 lxxvi4 ,t he is l "o suff]+ f oph?almia1 :o %\ld accuse ! cle>-sight$ ( bl9dness4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus t ,*ri/ians lead on m5 by empty hopes3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxvii4 ,"* ( ^? :o become conv]ts--*ap4 lxxviii4 ,*ri/ianity ! be/ sy/em :i* m5 7 capable ( receiv+--*aps4 lxxix4-lxxxi4 ,,book ,,iv41 #afa-bfg ,subject ( ,f\r? ,book ma9ly to %[ t ! prophecies reg>d+ ,*ri/ are true pr$ictions--*ap4 i4 ,! position ma9ta9$ by c]ta9 ,*ri/ians1 t !re has already desc5d$ ^u ! e>? a c]ta9 ,god1 or ,son ( a ,god1 :o w make ! inhabitants ( ! e>? righte\s1 & by ! ,jews1 t ! adv5t ( ?is be+ is /ill future1 ass]t$ by ,celsus to be false3 ,answ]--*ap4 ii4 ,"q ( ,celsus z to ! mean+ ( su* a desc5t3 ,answ]$--*ap4 iii4 ,argum5t ( ,celsus turn$ aga9/ himself--*ap4 iv4 ,celsus misrepres5ts ,*ri/ians z say+ t ,god ,himself w come d[n to m51 & t x foll[s t ,he has left ,8 own abode--*ap4 v4 ,celsus repres5ts ! object ( ,god's desc5t to be a desire to make ,himself kn[n1 & to make trial ( m52 & ?is1 he alleges1 te/ifies to an excessive & mortal ambition on ! "p ( ,god3 ,answ]--*aps4 vi4-ix4 ,celsus ass]ts1 t ,*ri/ians talk ( ,god 9 a way t is nei!r holy nor rev]5tial1 & lik5s !m to ^? :o 9 ! ,bac*ic my/]ies introduce phantoms & objects ( t]ror3 ,answ]--*ap4 x4 ,celsus endeav\rs to prove t ! /atem5ts 9 ! ,*ri/ian records reg>d+ floods & conflagrations are nei!r new nor wond]ful1 b may be p>allel$ & expla9$ f ! acc\nts ( ! ,greeks3 ,answ]--*aps4 xi4-xiii4 ,celsus returns to ! subject ( ! desc5t ( ,god1 alleg+ t if ,he came d[n among m51 ,he mu/ h und]gone a *ange f bett] to worse1 :i* is impossible 9 ! case ( an immortal be+3 ,answ]--*aps4 xiv4-xvi4 ,sup]iority ( ! scriptural acc\nts ( ^! matt]s ov] ^? ( ! ,greek my?ology--*ap4 xvii4 ,celsus repeats 8 objections3 ,answ]--*aps4 xviii41 xix4 ,celsus' repres5tation ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,jews ma9ta9 t ! adv5t ( ,jesus is /ill future--*ap4 xx4 ,absurdity ( ! /atem5t ( ,celsus t ! ov]turn+ ( ! t[] ( ,babel _h ! same object z ! ,deluge1 viz4 ! purification ( ! e>?--*ap4 xxi4 ,pro( t ,jews br\ght on !mselves ! div9e wra?1 because ( _! treatm5t ( ,jesus--*ap4 xxii4 ,celsus insol5tly comp>es ,jews & ,*ri/ians to bats1 & ants1 & frogs1 & worms1 etc4--*ap4 xxiii4 ,answ]--*aps4 xxiv41 xxv4 ,sup]iority ( ,*ri/ians 9 _! op9ions & practice to idolat]s--*aps4 xxvi41 xxvii4 ,celsus misrepres5ts ! language ( ,*ri/ians z to ,god's desc5t among m51 & ,8 int]c\rse ) !m--*aps4 xxviii41 xxix4 ,celsus1 n und]/&+ ! words1 8,let u make man 9 our image & lik5ess10 has repres5t$ ,*ri/ians z say+ t !y resemble ,god because creat$ by ,him3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxx4 ,celsus aga9 ass]ts t ! ,jews 7 fugitives f ,egypt1 :o nev] p]=m$ any?+ ( note1 & 7 nev] held 9 any acc\nt3 ,answ]--*aps4 xxxi41 xxxii4 ,celsus1 9 v ambigu\s language1 ass]ts t ! ,jews endeav\r$ to d]ive _! orig9 f ! fir/ race ( juggl]s & deceiv]s1 & appeal$ to ! te/imony ( d>k & ambigu\s words3 ,answ]--*aps4 xxxiii4-xxxv4 ,celsus adduces in/ances ( alleg$ great antiquity put =? by o!r nations1 & ass]ts t ! ,jews wove toge!r "s mo/ incr$ible & /upid /ories1 reg>d+ ! creation ( man1 ! =mation ( ! woman1 ! issu+ ( c]ta9 comm&s by ,god1 ! opposition ( ! s]p5t1 & ! defeat ( ,god1 :o is ?us %[n to h be5 weak at ! v beg9n+ ( ?+s1 & unable to p]suade a s+le individual to obey ,8 w3 ,detail$ answ]s to ^! misrepres5tations--*aps4 xxxvi4-xl4 ,celsus next ridicules ! acc\nts ( ! ,deluge & ! ,ark3 ,answ]s--*aps4 xli41 xlii4 ,goes on to c>p at ! hi/ories ( ,abraham & ,s>ah1 ( ,ca9 & ,abel1 ( ,esau & ,jacob1 ( ,laban & ,jacob--*ap4 xliii4 ,explanation ( ! /atem5t t 8,god gave wells to ! righte\s20 o!r matt]s1 also1 to be allegorically und]/ood--*ap4 xliv4 ,celsus does n recognise ! love ( tru? :i* *>act]izes ! writ]s ( ,scripture2 figurative signification ( ,sodom1 & ( ,lot & 8 daught]s2 discussion on ! nature ( actions--*ap4 xlv4 ,_s ( ho/ility :i* *>act]izes ,celsus1 9 select+ f ! n>ratives ( ,scripture :atev] may s]ve z gr\nd ( accusation aga9/ ,*ri/ians1 :ile pass+ )\t notice :atev] may r$\nd to _! cr$it3 ,in/ances--*ap4 xlvi4 ,celsus ref]s vaguely to ! dreams ( ! butl] & bak] 9 ! hi/ory ( ,joseph1 & endeav\rs to f9d gr\nd ( objection 9 ! hi/ory ( ,joseph's conduct t[>ds 8 bre?r5--*ap4 xlvii4 ,ass]ts t ! m mode/ among ,jews & ,*ri/ians endeav\r to give ^! ?+s an allegorical mean+1 because !y are a%am$ ( !m3 ,answ]--*ap4 xlviii4 ,falsity ( 8 ass]tion t ! scriptural writ+s are incapable ( receiv+ an allegorical mean+--*aps4 xlix41 l4 ,! treatises :i* give allegorical explanations ( ! law ( ,moses evid5tly unkn[n to ,celsus1 o!rwise he c\ld n h said t ^! allegorical explanations 7 m %ameful ?an ! fables !mselves3 ,illu/rations--*ap4 li4 ,celsus ref]s to ! "w entitl$ 8,controv]sy betwe5 ,papiscus & ,jason10 9 support ( 8 ass]tions--*aps4 lii41 liii4 ,celsus conceals 8 real op9ions1 al?\gh he ought to h av[$ !m1 :5 quot+ f ! ,timu ( ,plato1 to ! effect t ,god made immortal ?+s alone1 :ile mortal ?+s are ! "w ( o!rs2 t ! s\l is ! "w ( ,god1 :ile ! body is diff]5t2 t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! body ( a man1 & t ( a bat3 ,exam9ation ( ^! /atem5ts--*aps4 liv4-lix4 ,ass]ts t a common nature p]vades all bodies1 & t no product ( matt] is immortal3 ,answ]s--*aps4 lx41 lxi4 ,ma9ta9s t ! am\nt ( evil is a fix$ quantity1 :i* has nev] v>i$3 ,answ]s--*aps4 lxii4-lxiv4 ,t x is difficult = any b a philosoph] to asc]ta9 ! orig9 ( evils1 b t x is suffici5t = ! multitude to say t !y d n proce$ f ,god1 b cleave to matt]2 & t1 z ! cause ( mortal ev5ts nev] v>ies1 ! same ?+s mu/ always return1 accord+ to ! appo9t$ cycles3 ,answ]s--*aps4 lxv4-lxix4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus t a ?+ :i* seems to be evil may n necess>ily be s3 ,exam9$--*ap4 lxx4 ,celsus misund]/&s ! an?ropopa?ic language ( ,scripture3 ,explanation--*aps4 lxxi4-lxxiii4 ,celsus f9ds fault ) ,*ri/ians = ass]t+ t ,god made all ?+s = ! sake ( man1 :]eas !y 7 made z mu* = ! sake ( ! irrational animals3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxiv4 ,celsus holds t ?und]s1 & lightn+s1 & ra9s are n ! works ( ,god2 t ev5 if !y 71 !y 7 br\ght into exi/5ce z mu* = ! sake ( plants1 & trees1 & h]bs1 z = t ( human be+s3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxxv41 lxxvi4 ,celsus ma9ta9s t ! v]se ( ,euripides1 viz4 8,! sun & night are to mortals slaves10 is untrue1 z ^! lum9>ies may be said to be creat$ = ! use ( ants & flies z mu* z ( man3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxvii4 ,ass]ts t we may be said to be creat$ z mu* on acc\nt ( irrational animals z !y on our acc\nt3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxxviii4-lxxx4 ,celsus ma9ta9s t ! sup]iority ( man ov] irrational animals 9 build+ cities & f\nd+ political communities is only app>5t3 ,exam9ation ( ?is ass]tion--*aps4 lxxxi4-lxxxiv4 ,no great diff]5ce1 accord+ to ,celsus1 betwe5 ! actions ( m51 & ^? ( ants & bees--*ap4 lxxxv4 ,c]ta9 irrational animals1 accord+ to ,celsus1 possess ! p[] ( sorc]y2 in/ances3 ,exam9ation ( ^!--*aps4 lxxxvi41 lxxxvii4 ,ass]tion t ! ?\ghts ent]ta9$ ( ,god by irrational animals are n inf]ior to ^? ( m52 illu/rations3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxxxviii41 lxxxix4 ,degrad+ views ( ,celsus--*aps4 xc4-xcix4 ,,book ,v41 #bfh-cce ,cont9uation ( ! subject--*ap4 i4 ,celsus repeats 8 d5ial t no ,god1 or son ( ,god1 has ei!r come1 or w come1 to e>?2 t if c]ta9 angels did come1 by :at "n are !y to be call$8 :e!r by t ( gods or "s o!r race ( be+s8 9 all probability su* angels 7 demons3 ,refutation--*aps4 ii4-v4 ,celsus proce$s to express surprise t ! ,jews %\ld wor%ip heav5 & angels1 & yet pass by ! heav5ly bodies1 z ! sun & moon2 :i* proc$ure is1 accord+ to 8 view1 mo/ unreasonable3 ,refutation--*aps4 vi4-x4 ,def5ce ( ,*ri/ians aga9/ ! same *>ge--*aps4 x4-xiii4 ,celsus decl>es ! ,*ri/ian belief 9 ! future conflagration ( ! _w1 9 ! salvation ( ! righte\s1 9 ! resurrection ( ! body1 mo/ fooli% & irrational1 alleg+ t ?is belief is n held by "s ( ! ,*ri/ian believ]s1 & adduc+ c]ta9 consid]ations reg>d+ ! "* ( ,god & ! nature ( bodies :i* r5d] su* ?+s impossible--*ap4 xiv4 ,refutation 9 detail ( ^! objections--*aps4 xv4-xxiv4 ,exam9ation ( ,celsus' /atem5t t ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? 7 f ! beg9n+ allott$ to diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits1 & t 9 ?is way ! adm9i/ration ( ! _w is c>ri$ on--*aps4 xxv4-xxviii4 ,consid]ations ( a pr(\nd] k9d may be /at$ reg>d+ ! orig9al di/ribution ( ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? among diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits1 :i* consid]ations may be %[n to be free f ! absurd consequ5ces :i* w\ld foll[ f ! views ( ,celsus2 enum]ation ( ^!--*aps4 xxix4-xxxiii4 ,/atem5t ( ,celsus reg>d+ ! reque/ ( ! p ( ,m>ea & ,apis to ! oracle ( ,ammon1 z relat$ by ,h]odotus1 & ! inf]5ce :i* he seems to draw f x & o!r simil> in/ances adduc$ by him1 exam9$ & refut$--*aps4 xxxiv4-xxxix4 ,exam9ation ( ,celsus' quotation f ,p9d>1 t 8,law is k+ ( all ?+s0--*ap4 xl4 ,celsus goes on to /ate objections :i* apply to ,jews mu* m ?an to ,*ri/ians1 viz4 t ! ,jewi% doctr9e reg>d+ heav5 is n peculi> to !m1 b has long ago be5 receiv$ by ! ,p]sians2 & proce$s to obs]ve t x makes no diff]5ce by :at "n ! ,supreme ,be+ is call$2 nor are ! ,jews to be deem$ holi] ?an o!r nations because ab/a9+ f sw9e's fle%1 etc4 ,detail$ exam9ation & refutation ( ^! /atem5ts--*aps4 xli4-xlix4 ,celsus d5ies t ! ,jews 7 reg>d$ by ,god ) great] fav\r ?an o!r nations3 ,answ]--*ap4 l4 ,/atem5t ( ,celsus t1 admitt+ ,jesus to h be5 an angel1 ,he 0 n ! fir/ :o came to visit m51 = ! hi/ories relate t !re h be5 _m in/ances1 sev]al ( :i* he enum]ates--*ap4 lii4 ,refutation--*aps4 liii4-lviii4 ,conclusion ( ,celsus t ,jews & ,*ri/ians h ! same ,god1 & t ! latt] adopt ! ,jewi% acc\nts reg>d+ ! six days2 o!r po9ts ( agreem5t m5tion$3 exam9ation ( ^! /atem5ts1 z well z ( 8 admission t c]ta9 ,*ri/ians w admit ! id5tity1 :ile o!rs w d5y x--*aps4 lix4-lxii4 ,argum5t ( ,celsus aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 f\nd$ ^u ! exi/5ce ( ^? :o h wor%ipp$ demons z _! tea*]1 & ( sects t h hat$ ea* o!r1 exam9$ & refut$--*ap4 lxiii4 ,celsus has misund]/ood ! pr$iction ( ! apo/le t deceiv]s w come 9 ! la/ times--*ap4 lxiv4 ,falsity ( ,celsus' /atem5t t all :o diff] s widely may be he>d say+1 8,! _w is crucifi$ to me1 & ,i unto ! _w0--*ap4 lxv4 ,,book ,,vi41 #ccf-dbd ,object ( ,six? ,book specially to refute ^? objections :i* ,celsus br+s aga9/ ,*ri/ians1 & n ^? d]iv$ f writ]s on philosophy--*ap4 i4 ,explanation ( ! reasons :i* l$ ! writ]s ( ,scripture to adopt a simple /yle ( address--*ap4 ii4 ,quotation f ,plato reg>d+ ! 8*ief good10 & rem>ks ^u x--*ap4 iii4 ,inconsi/5t conduct ( ^? :o c s express !mselves po9t$ out--*ap4 iv4 ,comp>ison ( ! ,platonic phraseology1 reg>d+ ! k9dl+ ( a light 9 ! s\l1 ) ! language ( ,scripture--*ap4 v4 ,exam9ation ( ! "q :e!r ,plato 0 acqua9t$ ) doctr9es m pr(\nd ?an ^? :i* are conta9$ 9 8 writ+s1 & demon/ration ( ! fact t ! prophets did "k ( great] ?+s ?an any 9 ,scripture1 b did n commit !m to writ+--*aps4 vi4-x4 ,celsus inquires :e!r1 amid ! p]plexity aris+ f ! exi/5ce ( diff]5t ,*ri/s1 m5 are to ca/ ! dice to div9e :i* ( !m !y ought to foll[8 ,answ]--*ap4 xi4 ,p]v]sion ( ! language ( ,paul reg>d+ wisdom correct$--*aps4 xii41 xiii4 ,exam9ation ( ,celsus' *>ge t ,*ri/ians are un9/ruct$1 s]vile1 & ignorant--*ap4 xiv4 ,sne] ( ,celsus at ! humility ( ,*ri/ians answ]$--*ap4 xv4 ,celsus *>ges ,jesus ) hav+ p]v]t$ ! language ( ,plato 9 ,8 say+ reg>d+ ! impossibility ( a ri* man's ent]+ ! k+dom ( heav53 ,answ]--*ap4 xvi4 ,comp>ison ( "s po9ts ( ,scripture doctr9e ) /atem5ts ( ,plato--*aps4 xvii41 xviii4 ,*>ge ( ,celsus t ,*ri/ians h misund]/ood language ( ,plato1 9 boa/+ ( a 8sup]-cele/ial0 ,god3 ,answ]--*ap4 xix4 ,explanation ( c]ta9 t]ms ref]r+ to heav5--*aps4 xx41 xxi4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t ! ,p]sian my/]ies ( ,mi?ras conta9 _m obscure allusions to ^? heav5ly ?+s m5tion$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian writ+s2 absurdity ( 8 /atem5ts--*aps4 xxii41 xxiii4 ,celsus ref]s to a c]ta9 diagram1 ! /atem5ts reg>d+ :i* he appe>s to h borr[$ f ! sect ( ! ,ophites2 :i* /atem5ts1 h[ev]1 are ( no cr$ibility--*ap4 xxiv4 ,description ( said diagram1 & explanation ( ! names inscrib$ 9 x--*aps4 xxv41 xxvi4 ,c]ta9 /atem5ts ( ,celsus reg>d+ ! 8seal0 exam9$--*ap4 xxvii4 ,celsus ass]ts t ,*ri/ians t]m ! ,creator an 8accurs$0 div9ity1 & asks :at c\ld be m fooli% or insane ?an su* s5seless wisdom8 ,exam9ation ( ^! /atem5ts--*aps4 xxviii41 xxix4 ,celsus returns to ! subject ( ! sev5 rul+ demons1 & makes ref]5ce to ! diagram--*ap4 xxx4 ,quotations illu/rat+ ! mann] ( invok+ said demons--*ap4 xxxi4 ,rem>ks on ! proc$ure ( ,celsus--*ap4 xxxii4 ,fur!r /atem5ts ( ,celsus--*ap4 xxxiii4 ,cont9uation ( /atem5ts ( ,celsus1 to ! effect t ,*ri/ians heap toge!r "o ?+ aft] ano!r1--disc\rses ( prophets1 circles ^u circles1 efflu5ts f an e>?ly *ur*1 & f circumcision2 & a p[] fl[+ f "o ,prunicos1 a virg9 & liv+ s\l2 & a heav5 sla9 9 ord] to live1 etc4 etc4--*ap4 xxxiv4 ,detail$ exam9ation & answ] to ^! /atem5ts--*aps4 xxxv4-xxxvii4 ,celsus introduces o!r *>ges1 /at+ t !re are inscriptions 9 ! diagram conta9+ two words1 8a great] & a less10 :i* are ref]r$ to ,fa!r & ,son3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxxviii4 ,/atem5t ( ,celsus1 t names ( demons among ! ,greeks are diff]5t f :at !y are among ! ,scy?ians2 gives illu/rations3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxxix4 ,/atem5t ( ,celsus1 on ! au?ority ( ,dionysius1 an ,egyptian magician1 t magic arts h no p[] ov] philosoph]s1 b only ov] un$ucat$ m5 & p]sons ( corrupt morals3 ,falsity ( ?is %[n--*ap4 xli4 ,allegation ( ,celsus1 t ,*ri/ians h inv5t$ ! fiction ( ! devil or ,satan1 z an adv]s>y to ,god1 :o c\nt]works ,8 plans & defeats !m2 t ! ,son ( ,god1 ev51 has be5 vanqui%$ by ! devil2 & t ! devil w exhibit great & m>vell\s works1 & claim = himself ! glory ( ,god3 ,exam9ation & refutation ( ^! /atem5ts--*aps4 xlii4-xliv4 ,celsus has misund]/ood ! /atem5ts ( ,scripture reg>d+ ,anti*ri/3 ,explanation ( ^!--*aps4 xlv41 xlvi4 ,celsus p]v]ts ! language ( ,*ri/ians reg>d+ ! 8,son ( ,god30 ,answ]--*ap4 xlvii4 ,my/ical mean+ ( 8,son ( ,god0 expla9$--*ap4 xlviii4 ,celsus *>act]izes ! ,mosaic cosmogony z extremely silly1 & alleges t ,moses & ! prophets1 f ignorance1 h wov5 toge!r a web ( %e] nons5se3 ,answ]s--*aps4 xlix4-li4 ,celsus w n decide :e!r ! _w 0 uncreat$ & inde/ructible1 or creat$ b n de/ructible--*ap4 lii4 ,br+s =w>d objections t 7 rais$ aga9/ ,m>cion1 & aft] sev]al disp>ag+ obs]vations on ! mann] ( ! div9e proc$ure t[>ds m51 asks h[ x is t ,god creat$ evil1 etc4--*ap4 liii4 ,answ] to ! =ego+--*aps4 liv4-lix4 ,celsus repeats *>ges =m]ly made reg>d+ ! days ( creation--*aps4 lx41 lxi4 ,comm5ts on ! expression1 8,! m\? ( ! ,"l ha? spok5 x30 ,answ]--*ap4 lxii4 ,ass]ts t 8! fir/-born ( e creature0 is ! image ( ,god1 & t ,god did n make man 9 ,8 image1 because he is unlike to any o!r species ( be+2 explanation ( ! expression1 8,man is made aft] ! image ( ,god0--*ap4 lxiii4 ,god p>takes nei!r ( =m nor col\r1 nor c motion be pr$icat$ ( ,him2 explanation ( passages t seem to imply ! rev]se--*ap4 lxiv4 ,inconsi/5cy ( ,celsus ) 8 decl>$ op9ions1 9 say+ t ,god is ! s\rce ( all ?+s2 ass]ts t ,he _c be rea*$ by ^w3 ,explanation & di/9ction--*ap4 lxv4 ,celsus asks1 9 ! p]son ( ano!r1 h[ x is possible to "k ,god1 or to le>n ! way t leads to ,him1 because d>kness is ?r[n be=e ! eyes1 & no?+ di/9ctly se53 ,answ] to ?is qu]y1 & rem>k ( ,celsus retort$ ^u himself--*aps4 lxvi4-lxviii4 ,celsus repres5ts our answ] z be+ ?is3 8,s9ce ,god is great & difficult to see1 ,he put ,8 own ,_s into a body t resembl$ ours1 & s5t x d[n to u1 t we might be enabl$ to he> ,him1 & become acqua9t$ ) ,him30 ,exam9ation ( ?is /atem5t--*aps4 lxix41 lxx4 ,accord+ to ,celsus1 our doctr9e reg>d+ ! _s is ! same z t ( ! ,/oics1 :o ma9ta9 t 8,god is a _s1 diffus$ ?r\gh all ?+s1 & conta9+ all ?+s )9 ,himself30 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxi4 ,ass]tion t ! ,son ( ,god w\ld n be immortal1 because ,he 0 a _s exi/+ 9 a human body3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxii4 ,criticises1 9 sc(f+ language1 ! inc>nation2 exposure ( 8 errors--*ap4 lxxiii4 ,returns to ! subject ( ,m>cion's op9ions2 introduces 8two sons ( ,god10 & speaks sc(f+ly ( ! suppos$ controv]sies betwe5 !m--*ap4 lxxiv4 ,ma9ta9s t ! body ( ,jesus mu/ h be5 diff]5t f t ( o!r be+s1 9 virtue ( ,8 div9e qualities4 ,consid]ation ( ! prophecies reg>d+ ,jesus3 ,answ]s to 8 /atem5ts--*aps4 lxxv4-lxxvii4 ,celsus ridicules ! s5d+ ( ,god's ,_s into "o corn] ( ! _w alone1 & comp>es ,god to ,jupit] 9 ! com$y1 :o s5t ,m]cury to ! ,a!nians & ,lac$emonians3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxxviii41 lxxix4 ,celsus t]ms ! ,*aldeans a div9ely-inspir$ nation2 speaks ( ! ,egyptian p z also inspir$1 al?\gh he condemn$ !m =m]ly1 & refuses ?is title to ! ,jews2 inconsi/5cy ( all ?is--*ap4 lxxx4 ,pret5ds n to und]/& h[ ,god c\ld s5d ,8 ,son among/ wick$ m51 :o 7 to inflict puni%m5t ^u ,him3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxxi4 ,,book ,,vii41 #dbe-dia ,celsus d5ies t ! ,jewi% prophets pr$ict$ any ( ! ev5ts :i* occurr$ 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 & ass]ts t ^? :o believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( ano!r ,god1 besides t ( ! ,jews1 _c refute 8 objections2 :ile ,*ri/ians1 :o recognise ! ,god ( ! ,jews1 rely = _! def5ce on ! alleg$ pr$ictions reg>d+ ,*ri/3 ,rem>ks--*ap4 ii4 ,celsus decl>es ,*ri/ians inconsi/5t 9 reject+ ! anci5t ,grecian oracles ( ,delphi1 ,dodona1 ,cl>us1 ,bran*id1 ,jupit] ,ammon1 etc41 :i* nev]!less 7 ( high importance1 :ile insi/+ t ! say+s utt]$ 9 ,judea are m>vell\s & un*angeably true3 ,detail$ answ] to ?is objection--*aps4 iii4-viii4 ,ass]ts t _m individuals assume ! attitude ( inspiration1 & claim to be ,god1 or ! ,son ( ,god1 or ! div9e ,_s1 & to h come d[n to save a p]i%+ _w1 & promise rew>ds to ^? :o d !m homage1 & ?reat5 v5geance ^u o!rs2 &1 moreov]1 to ^! promises add /range & un9telligible words1 :i* may be appli$ by any impo/or to 8 own purposes--*ap4 ix4 ,answ] to ^! *>ges--*aps4 x4-xii4 ,falsity ( ,celsus' /atem5t t ,god fav\rs ! commission ( evil--*ap4 xiii4 ,celsus objects1 t ev5 if ! prophets =etold t ! great ,god w\ld become a slave1 or die1 !re 0 no necessity t ,he %\ld d s simply because su* ?+s _h be5 pr$ict$3 ,answ]s--*aps4 xiv4-xvii4 ,celsus objects fur!r1 t if ! prophets ( ! ,god ( ! ,jews =etold t ,jesus 0 to be ! ,son ( ! same ,god1 h[ c\ld comm&s h be5 giv5 ?r\gh ,moses t ! ,jews %\ld accumulate weal?1 ext5d _! dom9ion1 fill ! e>?1 put _! enemies to ! sword1 "u ?reat ( be+ treat$ by ,god z ,8 enemies2 :il/ ! man ( ,naz>e?1 ,8 ,son1 deliv]$ comm&s ( a totally opposite k9d8 ,errors ( ,celsus po9t$ out 9 detail1 & ! nature ( ! two disp5sations expla9$--*aps4 xviii4-xxvi4 ,falsity ( ass]tion t ,*ri/ians believe ! ,div9e ,be+ to be corporeal 9 ,8 nature1 & to possess a body l a man--*ap4 xxvii4 ,celsus alleges t ! idea ( a bett] l& ?an ?is1 to :i* ,*ri/ians hope to g aft] dea?1 has be5 borr[$ f ! div9e m5 ( a =m] age1 & quotes f ,hom] & ,plato 9 support ( 8 ass]tion3 ,answ]s--*aps4 xxviii4-xxxi4 ,celsus next assails ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection1 & ass]ts t we uphold ?is doctr9e 9 ord] t we may see & "k ,god3 ,answ]--*aps4 xxxii4-xxxiv4 ,! oracles ( ,trophonius1 etc41 to :i* ,celsus w\ld direct ,*ri/ians1 assur+ !m t !re !y w\ld see ,god di/9ctly1 %[n to be demons--*ap4 xxxv4 ,language ( ,*ri/ians z to ! mann] 9 :i* !y see ,god misrepres5t$ by ,celsus--*aps4 xxxvi4-xxxix4 ,language ( ,celsus q inappropriate z address$ to ,*ri/ians1 & applicable only to ^? ^: doctr9es diff] widely f !irs--*ap4 xl4 ,celsus recomm5ds ,*ri/ians to foll[ ! guidance ( div9ely inspir$ poets1 wise m51 & philosoph]s1 )\t m5tion+ _! names3 ,rem>ks on ?is--*ap4 xli4 ,proce$s to "n ,plato z an effective tea*] ( !ological tru?1 quot+ f ! ,timu to ! effect t x is a h>d matt] to f9d out ! ,mak] & ,fa!r ( ! univ]se1 & an impossibility to make ,him kn[n to all aft] hav+ f\nd ,him2 & rem>k+ t ,*ri/ians _c foll[ ! example ( ,plato & o!rs1 :o proce$ by analysis & syn!sis1 because !y are w$d$ to ! fle%3 ,answ]s--*aps4 xlii4-xlv4 ,g5]al rem>ks ^u ! tone 9 :i* ,*ri/ians c>ry on controv]sy ) _! oppon5ts--*ap4 xlvi4 ,actions ( ^? :o1 al?\gh seem+ to be wise1 did n yield !mselves to ! div9e tea*+--*ap4 xlvii4 ,purity ( life exhibit$ by ,*ri/ians--*ap4 xlviii4 ,ev5 by ^? :o are unable to inve/igate ! deep] que/ions ( !ology--*ap4 xlix4 ,explanation ( c]ta9 scriptural expressions reg>d+ 8bir?0 or 8g5]ation0--*ap4 l4 ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ians & ^? :o receiv$ a portion ( ! div9e ,_s be=e ! disp5sation ( ,*ri/ianity--*ap4 li4 ,celsus proce$s to say to ,*ri/ians t !y w\ld h done bett] to h select$ z ! object ( _! homage "s "o :o _h di$ a glori\s dea?1 ^: div9ity might h receiv$ ! support ( "s my? to p]petuate 8 memory1 & names ,h]cules1 sculapius1 ,anax>*us1 & ,epictetus1 z in/ances1 alleg+ t ,jesus nev] utt]$ "u suff]+ any words t c\ld be comp>$ to _! utt]ances--*ap4 liii4 ,answ]s--*aps4 liv4-lv4 ,sne]+ rem>k ( ,celsus t we might bett] h giv5 ! "n ( ,son ( ,god to ! ,sibyl ?an to ,jesus--*ap4 lvi4 ,sc(f+ advice ( ,celsus1 t we _h bett] *oose ,jonah ?an ,jesus = our ,god3 ,answ]--*ap4 lvii4 ,celsus ass]ts t ! ,*ri/ian precept1 8,:osoev] %all /rike !e on ! "o *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also10 is an anci5t say+1 admirably express$ long ago1 & report$ by ,*ri/ians 9 a co>s] way1 & quotes f ,plato 9 support ( 8 /atem5t3 ,answ]--*aps4 lviii4-lxi4 ,celsus goes on to say t ,*ri/ians _c tol]ate temples1 alt>s1 or images1 & t 9 ?is peculi>ity !y resemble ,scy?ians & o!r b>b>\s nations1 adduc+ quotations f ,h]odotus & ,h]aclitus 9 support ( 8 op9ion t none1 save ^? :o are utt]ly *ildi%1 c take ^! ?+s = gods--*ap4 lxii4 ,detail$ answ]--*aps4 lxiii4-lxvi4 ,celsus rem>ks t ,*ri/ians w n admit t ^! images are erect$ 9 hon\r ( c]ta9 be+s :o are gods1 b ma9ta9 t ^! are demons1 & ought n to be wor%ipp$3 ,rem>ks 9 answ]--*ap4 lxvii4 ,asks :y demons are n to be wor%ipp$1 & ass]ts t ev]y?+1 :e!r ! "w ( angels1 demons1 or h]oes1 is "p ( ! provid5tial gov]nm5t ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god3 ,answ]s--*aps4 lxviii4-lxx4 ,,book ,,viii41 #dib-eei ,celsus1 aft] 8 "q reg>d+ ! wor%ip ( demons1 proce$s to repres5t u z say+ t x is impossible to s]ve _m ma/]s1 & rem>ks t ?is is ! language ( s$ition1 & us$ only by ^? :o /& alo( f all human society1 etc4 ,consid]ation ( ! true language ( ,scripture ^u ?is & k9dr$ po9ts1 9 answ] to ?is /atem5t--*aps4 ii4-viii4 ,reckless language ( ,celsus1 :o w\ld h u believe t we are l$ by our wor%ip ( ,god to t ( o!r ?+s :i* belong to ,god1 )\t injury to ourselves1 & :o yet adds1 8,we may hon\r none except ^? to :om t "r has be5 giv5 by ,god30 ,rem>ks--*ap4 ix4 ,nature ( ! hon\r :i* ,*ri/ians pay to ! ,son ( ,god--*ap4 x4 ,celsus ass]ts t ^? :o uphold ! unity ( ,god are guilty ( impiety3 ,answ]--*ap4 xi4 ,t if ,*ri/ians wor%ipp$ "o ,god alone1 !y w\ld h valid argum5ts aga9/ ! wor%ip ( o!rs1 b !y pay excessive rev]5ce to "o :o is ! s]vant ( ,god3 ,refutation--*aps4 xii4-xiv4 ,celsus quotes f ! op9ions ( "s obscure h]etical sect1 conta9$ 9 :at is call$ a ,heav5ly ,dialogue1 to ! effect t we suppose ano!r ,god1 :o is above ! heav5s1 to be ! fa!r ( ,him :om we hon\r1 9 ord] t we may hon\r ! ,son ( ,man alone2 :om also we ass]t to be /rong] ?an ,god1 :o rules ! _w & :o rules ov] !m3 ,answ]s--*aps4 xv4-xvi4 ,celsus goes on to say1 t our %r9k+ f rais+ alt>s1 /atues1 & temples1 has be5 agre$ ^u among u z ! badge ( a secret society3 ,answ]--*aps4 xvii4-xx4 ,ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t ^? devot$ to ! s]vice ( ,god may take "p 9 public fea/s or idol (f]+s3 ,answ]--*ap4 xxi4 ,answ] to objection t ,*ri/ians !mselves obs]ve c]ta9 days1 z ! ,prep>ation1 ! ,passov]1 & ,p5teco/--*aps4 xxii41 xxiii4 ,reasons urg$ by ,celsus :y ,*ri/ians may make use ( idol (f]+s & public sacrifices at public fea/s2 exam9ation ( ^!--*aps4 xxiv4-xxvii4 ,celsus proce$s to /ate t if ,*ri/ians ab/a9 f idol (f]+s1 !y ought1 9 consi/5cy1 to ab/a9 f all animal food1 l ! ,py?agoreans3 ,answ]--*aps4 xxviii4-xxxii4 ,celsus alleges t if we come into ! _w at all1 we mu/ give ?anks1 & fir/-fruits1 & pray]s to demons1 t !y may prove good & k9d3 ,answ]--*aps4 xxxiii41 xxxiv4 ,celsus rem>ks t ! satraps ( a ,p]sian or ,roman mon>* c\ld d great injury to ^? :o despis$ !m1 & asks1 w ! satraps & m9i/]s ( air & e>? be insult$ ) impunity8 ,answ]--*aps4 xxxv41 xxxvi4 ,ass]ts t if ,*ri/ians invoke ^? :om !y address by b>b>\s names !y w h p[]1 b n if invok$ 9 ,lat9 & ,greek2 falsity & absurdity ( ?is /atem5t--*ap4 xxxvii4 ,misrepres5ts ! language address$ by ,*ri/ians to ! ,grecian /atues--*ap4 xxxviii4 ,sc(f+ language ( ,celsus to ! ,*ri/ians on ! rejection ( ,jesus1 :om he t]ms a demon1 & on 8 inability to save ,8 foll[]s f be+ put to dea?--*ap4 xxxix4 ,contra/ betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian & hea!n doctr9e ( puni%m5t--*ap4 xl4 ,rail+ address ( ,celsus1 to ! effect t al?\gh ,*ri/ians may revile ! /atues ( ! gods1 !y w\ld n h revil$ ! gods !mselves ) impunity2 t no?+ happ5$ to ^? :o crucifi$ ,jesus2 t no fa!r 0 ev] s inhuman z 0 ! fa!r ( ,jesus1 etc4 etc43 ,answ]s--*aps4 xli4-xliv4 ,celsus ass]ts t x is ( no use to collect all ! oracul> responses t h be5 deliv]$1 = ! _w is full ( !m1 & _m rem>kable ev5ts h happ5$ 9 consequ5ce ( !m1 :i* e/abli% _! reality & div9ity2 g5]al rem>k 9 answ]--*ap4 xlv4 ,contra/ betwe5 conduct ( ,py?ian prie/ess1 :o frequ5tly all[$ h]self to be brib$1 & t ( ! prophets1 :o 7 admir$ = _! d[nright tru?fulness--*ap4 xlvi4 ,ass]tion ( ,greeks1 t ! ,jewi% hi/ory conta9s fabul\s acc\nts1 refut$--*ap4 xlvii4 ,endeav\r ( ,celsus to %[ t ! doctr9es deliv]$ at ! celebration ( ! pagan my/]ies are ! same z ^? ( ! ,*ri/ians2 absurdity ( ?is--*ap4 xlviii4 ,celsus reproa*es ,*ri/ians ) inconsi/5cy 9 _! treatm5t ( ! body3 ,answ]--*aps4 xlix41 l4 ,celsus approves ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e t ! righte\s %all enjoy ev]la/+ life1 & ! wick$ %all suff] ev]la/+ puni%m5t2 inconsi/5cy ( ?is on ! "p ( ,celsus--*ap4 li4 ,anxiety ( ,orig5 to br+ all m5 to receive ! :ole sy/em ( ,*ri/ian tru?--*ap4 lii4 ,d\btful mann] 9 :i* ,celsus speaks ( c]ta9 weighty matt]s1 & reluctance on 8 "p to set d[n any ( !m z false2 inconsi/5cy ( ?is ) ! mann] 9 :i* he treats ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* he reg>ds ) a ho/ile _s--*aps4 liii41 liv4 ,celsus ass]ts t ,*ri/ians mu/ make _! *oice betwe5 two alt]natives2 nature ( ^!3 ,answ]--*aps4 lv4-lvii4 ,seeks to degrade ! s\ls ( m5 to ! wor%ip ( demons1 by ref]r+ to c]ta9 practices & beliefs preval5t among ! ,egyptians3 ,answ]--*aps4 lviii4-lix4 ,admits t !re is a dang]\s t5d5cy 9 demon-wor%ip3 ,rem>ks--*aps4 lx4-lxii4 ,yet adds t ! m j op9ion is t demons desire & ne$ no?+1 b t !y take pleasure 9 ^? :o dis*>ge t[>ds !m (fices ( piety3 ,answ]--*aps4 lxiii4-lxv4 ,celsus admits t no wor%ipp] ( ,god %\ld submit to any?+ base1 b %\ld enc\nt] any torm5ts or dea?1 r ?an d any?+ unwor?y ( ,god2 & yet to celebrate ! sun1 or ! praises ( ,m9]va1 is only to r5d] high] praise to ,god2 inconsi/5cy ( ?is--*aps4 lxvi41 lxvii4 ,ma9ta9s t ! ,hom]ic say+ mu/ be obs]v$1 8,let "o be k+1 :om ! son ( crafty ,saturn appo9t$20 s5se 9 :i* ?is mu/ be und]/ood by ,*ri/ians--*ap4 lxviii4 ,inconsi/5cy on ! "p ( ,celsus1 aft] :at he has said1 9 ask+ :e!r ,god w\ld fight = ! ,romans1 if !y 7 to become conv]ts to ! wor%ip ( ! ,mo/ ,high--*aps4 lxix41 lxx4 ,fur!r misrepres5tations ( ,celsus po9t$ out--*ap4 lxxi4 ,"t w come :5 ! ,^w w *ange e s\l into ,8 own p]fections--*ap4 lxxii4 ,celsus enjo9s u to help ! k+ ) all our might1 &1 if requir$1 to fight "u him1 or lead an army along ) him3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxiii4 ,also to take (fice 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry1 if necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( ! laws & ! support ( religion3 ,answ]--*ap4 lxxv4 ,conclusion1 9 :i* ,orig5 m5tions t ,celsus _h ann\nc$ 8 int5tion ( writ+ a second treatise1 :i* ,orig5 reque/s ,ambrose to s5d him if he %\ld h c>ri$ 8 int5tions into execution4 ,,life ,,( ,,orig54 ,orig5 0 born 9 all probability at ,alex&ria1 ab\t ! ye> #ahe ,a4,d4#a ,not)/&+ t 8 "n is d]iv$ f t ( an ,egyptian deity 7,horus or ,or#b71 !re seems no reason to d\bt t 8 p>5ts 7 ,*ri/ian at ! "t ( 8 bir?4 ,8 fa!r ,leonides 0 probably1 z has be5 conjectur$1#c "o ( ! _m tea*]s ( rhetoric or gramm> :o ab\nd$ 9 t city ( ,grecian culture1 & appe>s to h be5 a man ( decid$ piety4 ,"u 8 sup]9t5d5ce1 ! y\?ful ,orig5 0 n only educat$ 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( ,grecian le>n+1 b 0 also requir$ daily to commit to memory & to repeat portions ( ,scripture prescrib$ him by 8 fa!r2 & :ile "u ?is tra9+1 ! _s ( inquiry into ! mean+ ( ,scripture1 :i* aft]w>ds =m$ s /rik+ a feature 9 ! lit]>y "* ( ! great ,alex&r9e1 began to display itself4 ,eusebius#d relates t he 0 n satisfi$ ) ! pla9 & obvi\s mean+ ( ! text1 b s\ght to p5etrate into its deep] signification1 & caus$ 8 fa!r tr\ble by ! que/ions :i* he put to him reg>d+ ! s5se ( p>ticul> passages ( ,holy ,writ4 ,leonides1 l _m p>5ts1 assum$ ! appe>ance ( rebuk+ ! curiosity ( ! boy = inquir+ into ?+s :i* 7 beyond 8 y\?ful capacity1 & recomm5d$ him to be satisfi$ ) ! simple & app>5t mean+ ( ,scripture1 :ile he is describ$ z inw>dly rejoic+ at ! signs ( tal5t exhibit$ by 8 son1 & z giv+ ?anks to ,god = hav+ made him ! p>5t ( su* a *ild4#e ,b ?is /ate ( ?+s 0 n to la/2 = 9 ! ye> #bjb1 :5 ,orig5 0 ab\t sev5te5 ye>s ( age1 ! great p]secution ( ! ,*ri/ians "u ,septimius ,sev]us broke out1 & among ! victims 0 8 fa!r ,leonides1 :o 0 appreh5d$ & put 9 prison4 ,orig5 wi%$ to %>e ! fate ( 8 fa!r1 b 0 prev5t$ f quitt+ 8 home by ! artifice ( 8 "m1 :o 0 oblig$ to conceal 8 clo!s to prev5t him f c>ry+ out 8 purpose6 ,he wrote to 8 fa!r1 h[ev]1 a lett]1 exhort+ him to con/ancy "u 8 trials1 & entreat+ him n to *ange 8 convictions = ! sake ( 8 family4#f ,by ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 ^: prop]ty 0 confiscat$ to ! imp]ial treasury1 ,orig5 0 left1 ) 8 "m & six y\ng] bro!rs dep5d5t ^u him = support4 ,at ?is juncture1 a weal?y & b5evol5t lady ( ,alex&ria op5$ to him h] h\se1 ( :i* he became an inmate = a %ort "t4 ,! society1 h[ev]1 :i* he f\nd !re 0 f> f agreeable to ! feel+s ( ! y\?4 ,! lady _h adopt$ z h] son "o ,paul ( ,antio*1 :om ,eusebius t]ms an 8advocate ( ! h]etics !n exi/+ at ,alex&ria40 ,! eloqu5ce ( ! man drew cr[ds to he> him1 al?\gh ,orig5 c\ld nev] be induc$ to reg>d him ) any fav\r1 nor ev5 to jo9 ) him 9 any act ( wor%ip1 giv+ !n1 z ,eusebius rem>ks1 8unmi/akeable specim5s ( ! or?odoxy ( 8 fai?40#g ,f9d+ 8 position 9 ?is h\sehold s uncom=table1 he resolv$ to ent] ^u ! c>e] ( a tea*] ( gramm>1 & to support himself by 8 own ex]tions4 ,z he _h be5 c>efully in/ruct$ by 8 fa!r 9 ,grecian lit]ature1 & _h devot$ himself to /udy aft] 8 dea?1 he 0 enabl$ successfully to c>ry out 8 int5tion4 ,& n[ beg9s ! second /adium ( 8 c>e]4 ,! dilig5ce & ability ) :i* ,orig5 prosecut$ 8 pr(ession spe$ily attract$ att5tion & br\ght him _m pupils4 ,among o!rs :o s\ght to avail !mselves ( 8 in/ructions 9 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 7 two "y m51 :o aft]w>ds became di/+ui%$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1--,plut>*1 :o di$ ! dea? ( m>tyrdom1 & ,h]aclas1 :o aft]w>ds became bi%op ( ,alex&ria4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 m]ely by 8 success z a tea*] t ,orig5 ga9$ a reputation4 ,! bro!rly k9dness & unwe>i$ affection :i* he display$ to all ! victims ( ! p]secution1 :i* at t "t 0 rag+ ) peculi> sev]ity at ,alex&ria "u ! prefect ,aquila1 & 9 :i* _m ( 8 old pupils & fri5ds 7 m>tyr$1 are describ$ z be+ s m>k$ & conspicu\s1 z to draw d[n ^u him ! fury ( ! mob1 s t he 0 oblig$ on sev]al occasions to flee f h\se to h\se to escape in/ant dea?4 ,x is easy to und]/& t s]vices ( ?is k9d c\ld n fail to attract ! att5tion ( ! heads ( ! ,*ri/ian community at ,alex&ria2 & p>tly1 no d\bt1 because ( ^!1 b *iefly on acc\nt ( 8 high lit]>y reputation1 ,bi%op ,demetrius appo9t$ him to ! (fice ( ma/] 9 ! ,cate*etical ,s*ool1 :i* 0 at t "t vacant 7by ! dep>ture ( ,clem5t1 :o _h quitt$ ! city on ! outbreak ( ! p]secution71 al?\gh he 0 /ill a layman1 & _h n pass$ 8 eighte5? ye>4 ,! *oice ( ,demetrius 0 amply ju/ifi$ by ! result4 ,orig5 discont9u$ 8 in/ructions 9 lit]ature1 9 ord] to devote himself exclusively to ! "w ( tea*+ 9 ! ,cate*etical ,s*ool4 ,= 8 lab\rs he refus$ all remun]ation4 ,he sold ! books :i* he possess$1--_m ( !m manuscripts :i* he himself _h copi$1--on condition ( receiv+ f ! pur*as] f\r obols#h a day2 & on ?is scanty pittance he subsi/$1 lead+ = _m ye>s a life ( ! greate/ asceticism & devotion to /udy4 ,aft] a day ( lab\r 9 ! s*ool1 he us$ to devote ! great] "p ( ! night to ! inve/igation ( ,scripture1 sleep+ on ! b>e gr\nd1 & keep+ frequ5t fa/s4 ,he c>ri$ out lit]ally ! comm& ( ! ,savi\r1 n to possess two coats1 or to we> %oes1 & consummat$ 8 "w ( mortification ( ! fle% by an act ( self-mutilation1 spr++ f a p]v]t$ int]pretation ( our ,"l's words 9 ,matt4 xix4 #ab1 & und]tak5 f a desire to place himself beyond ! rea* ( temptation 9 ! int]c\rse :i* he necess>ily _h to hold ) 8 y\?ful female cate*um5s4#i ,?is act 0 de/9$ to ex]cise a baneful influ5ce ^u 8 future =tunes 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,dur+ ! episcopate ( ,zephyr9us 7#bja-bah7 ,orig5 visit$ ,rome1 & on 8 return aga9 resum$ 8 duties 9 ! ,cate*etical ,s*ool1 transf]r+ ! c>e ( ! y\ng] cate*um5s to 8 fri5d & =m] pupil ,h]aclas1 t he might devote himself ) less di/raction to ! in/ruction ( ! m advanc$1 & to ! m ?or\gh inve/igation & exposition ( ,scripture4 ,) a view to accompli% ?is m successfully1 x is probable t ab\t ?is "t he set himself to acquire a k ( ! ,hebrew language1 ! fruit ( :i* may be se5 9 ! fragm5ts :i* rema9 to u ( 8 magnum opus1 ! ,hexapla2 & z _m among ! m cultur$ hea!ns1 attract$ by 8 reputation1 seem to h att5d$ 8 lectures1 he felt x necess>y to make himself m ext5sively acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9es ( ! ,grecian s*ools1 t he might meet 8 oppon5ts ^u _! own gr\nd1 & = ?is purpose he att5d$ ! prelections ( ,ammonius ,saccas1 at t "t 9 high repute at ,alex&ria z an exp\nd] ( ! ,neo-,platonic philosophy1 ( :i* s*ool he has g5]ally be5 consid]$ ! f\nd]4 ,! influ5ce :i* ! /udy ( philosophical speculations ex]t$ ^u ! m9d ( ,orig5 may be trac$ 9 ! :ole c\rse ( 8 aft] developm5t1 & prov$ ! fruitful s\rce ( _m ( ^? errors :i* 7 aft]w>ds laid to 8 *>ge1 & ! controv]sies aris+ out ( :i* di/urb$ ! peace ( ! ,*ur* dur+ ! two foll[+ c5turies4 ,z 0 to be expect$1 ! fame ( ! great ,alex&r9e tea*] 0 n conf9$ to 8 native city1 b spread f> & wide2 & an evid5ce ( ?is 0 ! reque/ made by ! ,roman gov]nor ( ! prov9ce ( ,arabia to ,demetrius & to ! prefect ( ,egypt1 t !y w\ld s5d ,orig5 to him t he might hold an int]view ) "o ^: reputation 0 s great4 ,we h no details ( ?is visit1 = all t ,eusebius relates is t1 8hav+ accompli%$ ! objects ( 8 j\rney1 he aga9 return$ to ,alex&ria40#aj ,x 0 9 ! ye> #baf t ! ,emp]or ,c>acalla visit$ ,alex&ria1 & direct$ a bloody p]secution aga9/ its inhabitants1 especially ! lit]>y memb]s ( ! community1 9 rev5ge = ! s>ca/ic v]ses :i* _h be5 compos$ aga9/ him = ! murd] ( 8 bro!r ,geta1 a crime :i* he _h p]petrat$ "u circum/ances ( ! base/ trea*]y & cruelty4 ,orig5 occupi$ too prom95t a position 9 ! lit]>y society ( ! city to be able to rema9 ) safety1 & !re=e )drew to ,pale/9e to 8 fri5d ,bi%op ,alex&] ( ,j]usalem1 & aft]w>ds to ,cs>ea1 :]e he receiv$ an hon\rable welcome f ,bi%op ,!octi/us4 ,?is /ep prov$ ! beg9n+ ( 8 aft] tr\bles4 ,^! two m51 fill$ ) becom+ admiration = ! mo/ le>n$ tea*] 9 ! ,*ur*1 reque/$ him to exp\nd ! ,scriptures 9 _! pres5ce 9 a public assembly ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,orig51 al?\gh /ill a layman1 & )\t any sac]dotal dignity 9 ! ,*ur*1 compli$ ) ! reque/4 ,:5 ?is proce$+ rea*$ ! e>s ( ,demetrius1 he 0 fill$ ) ! utmo/ indignation4 8,su* an act 0 nev] ei!r he>d or done be=e1 t laym5 %\ld deliv] disc\rses 9 ! pres5ce ( ! bi%ops10#aa 0 8 indignant remon/rance to ! two (f5d+ bi%ops1 & ,orig5 receiv$ a comm& to return imm$iately to ,alex&ria4 ,he obey$1 & = "s ye>s appe>s to h devot$ himself solely to 8 /udies 9 8 usual _s ( self-abnegation4 ,x 0 probably dur+ ?is p]iod t ! comm5cem5t ( 8 fri5d%ip ) ,ambrosius is to be dat$4 ,little is kn[n ( ?is individual4 ,eusebius#ab /ates t he _h =m]ly be5 an adh]5t ( ! ,val5t9ian h]esy1 b _h be5 conv]t$ by ! argum5ts & eloqu5ce ( ,orig5 to ! or?odox fai? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y became intimate fri5ds2 & z ,ambrose seems to h be5 possess$ ( l>ge means1 & ent]ta9$ an unb\nd$ admiration ( ! le>n+ & abilities ( 8 fri5d1 x 0 8 delight to be> ! exp5ses att5d+ ! transcription & publication ( ! _m works :i* he p]suad$ him to give to ! _w4 ,he furni%$ him 8) m ?an sev5 amanu5ses1 :o reliev$ ea* o!r at /at$ times1 & ) an equal numb] ( transcrib]s1 along ) "y girls :o _h be5 practis$ 9 caligraphy10#ac to make fair copies = publication ( ! works dictat$ by ,orig54 ,! lit]>y activity ( ^! ye>s mu/ h be5 prodigi\s1 & probably !y 7 among ! happie/ :i* ,orig5 ev] enjoy$4 ,engag$ 9 8 fav\rite /udies1 surr\nd$ by _m fri5ds1 add+ ye>ly to 8 own /ores ( le>n+1 & enri*+ ! lit]ature ( ! ,*ur* ) treatises ( ! highe/ value 9 ! dep>tm5t ( sacr$ criticism & exegesis1 x is difficult to conceive a condition ( ?+s m cong5ial to ! m9d ( a true s*ol>4 ,only "o incid5t ( any importance seems to h tak5 place dur+ ^! peaceful ye>s1--8 visit to ,julia ,mamma1 ! pi\s "m ( ,alex&] ,sev]us4 ,?is noble lady _h he>d ( ! fame ( ,orig51 & invit$ him to visit h] at ,antio*1 s5d+ a milit>y escort to conduct him f ,alex&ria to ! ,syrian capital4 ,he rema9$ ) h] "s "t1 8exhibit+ innum]able illu/rations ( ! glory ( ! ,"l1 & ( ! excell5ce ( div9e in/ruction1 & !n ha/5$ back to 8 accu/om$ /udies40#ad ,^! happy ye>s1 h[ev]1 7 soon to end4 ,orig5 0 call$ to ,greece1 probably ab\t ! ye> #bbh1ae ^u :at ,eusebius vaguely calls 8! press+ ne$ ( ecclesia/ical affairs10#af b :i* has g5]ally be5 und]/ood#ag to ref] to ! preval5ce ( h]etical views 9 ! ,*ur* !re1 = ! eradication ( :i* ! assi/ance ( ,orig5 0 invok$4 ,be=e ent]+ on ?is j\rney1 he obta9$ lett]s ( recomm5dation f 8 bi%op4#ah ,he pass$ ?r\gh ,pale/9e on 8 way to ,greece1 & at ,cs>ea receiv$ at ! h&s ( 8 fri5ds ,alex&] & ,!octi/us ! consecration to ! (fice ( presbyt]1--an hon\r :i* prov$ to him aft]w>ds ! s\rce ( mu* p]secution & annoyance4 ,no d\bt ! motives ( 8 fri5ds 7 ( ! highe/ k9d1 & among !m may h be5 ! desire to take away ! gr\nd ( objection =m]ly rais$ by ,demetrius aga9/ ! public prea*+ ( a m]e layman 9 ! pres5ce ( a bi%op4 ,b !y little dream$ ( ! /orm :i* ?is act ( !irs 0 to raise1 & ( ! consequ5ces :i* x 0 to br+ ^u ! head ( him :om !y _h s\ght to hon\r4 ,aft] complet+ 8 j\rney ?r\gh ,greece1 ,orig5 return$ to ,alex&ria ab\t ! ye> #bcj4 ,he !re f\nd 8 bi%op greatly inc5s$ aga9/ him = :at _h tak5 place at ,cs>ea4 ,nor did 8 ang] exp5d itself 9 m]e objurgations & rebukes4 ,9 ! ye> #bca a synod 0 summon$ by ,demetrius1 compos$ ( ,egyptian bi%ops & ,alex&rian presbyt]s1 :o decl>$ ,orig5 unwor?y to hold ! (fice ( tea*]1 & excommunicat$ him f ! fell[%ip ( ! *ur* ( ,alex&ria4 ,ev5 ?is did n satisfy ! v9dictive feel+ ( ,demetrius4 ,he summon$ a second synod1 9 :i* ! bi%ops alone 7 p]mitt$ to vote1 & by _! suffrages ,orig5 0 degrad$ f ! (fice ( presbyt]1 & intimation ( ?is s5t5ce 0 ord]$ to be made by encyclical lett] to ! v>i\s *ur*es4 ,! validity ( ! s5t5ce 0 recognis$ by all ( !m1 ) ! exception ( ^? 9 ,pale/9e1 ,phnicia1 ,arabia1 & ,a*aia1--a rem>kable pro( ( ! position ( influ5ce :i* 0 at t "t held by ! *ur* ( ,alex&ria4 ,orig5 appe>s to h quitt$ ! city be=e ! bur/+ ( ! /orm1 & betook himself to ,cs>ea1 :i* h5ce=? became 8 home1 & ! seat ( 8 future lab\rs = a p]iod ( ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,! motives :i* impell$ ,demetrius to ?is treatm5t ( ,orig5 h be5 v>i\sly /at$ & v>i\sly criticis$4 ,eusebius#ai ref]s 8 read]s = a full acc\nt ( all ! matt]s involv$ to ! treatise :i* he & ,pamphilus compos$ 9 8 def5ce2 b ?is "w has n come d[n to u1#bj al?\gh we possess a brief notice ( x 9 ! ,biblio!ca ( ,photius1#ba f :i* we d]ive our k ( ! proce$+s ( ! two synods4 ,!re seems little reason to d\bt t jeal\sy ( int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! bi%ops ( ano!r diocese 0 "o ma9 cause ( ! res5tm5t display$ by ,demetrius2 :ile x is also possible t ano!r alleg$ cause1 ! het]odox "* ( "s ( ,orig5's op9ions1 z made kn[n 9 8 already publi%$ works1 among :i* 7 8 ,/romata & ,de ,pr9cipiis1#bb may h produc$ "s effect ^u ! m9ds ( ! ho/ile bi%ops4 ,hefele#bc ass]ts t ! act ( ! ,pale/9ian bi%ops 0 contr>y to ! ,*ur* law ( ! "t1 & t ,demetrius 0 ju/ifi$ on t gr\nd = 8 proc$ure aga9/ him4 ,b x may well be d\bt$ :e!r !re 0 any g5]ally und]/ood law or practice exi/+ at s e>ly a p]iod ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory4 ,if s1 x is difficult to und]/& h[ x %\ld h be5 unkn[n to ! ,pale/9ian bi%ops2 or1 on ! supposition ( any su* exi/+ law or usage1 x is equally difficult to conceive t ei!r !y !mselves or ,orig5 %\ld h agre$ to disreg>d x1 kn[+ z !y did ! jeal\s temp] ( ,demetrius1 display$ on ! occasion ( ,orig5's prea*+ at ,cs>ea already ref]r$ to1 & :i* _h drawn f ! ,alex&r9e bi%op an indignant remon/rance1 9 :i* he _h ass]t$ t su* an act 0 8q unhe>d-( be=e40#bd ,to ?is /atem5t ! ,cs>ean bi%ops _h repli$ 9 a lett]1 9 :i* !y enum]at$ sev]al in/ances ( laym5 :o _h address$ ! congregation4#be ,! probabilities1 !re=e1 are 9 fav\r ( !re be+ no g5]ally und]/ood law or practice on ! subject1 & t ! proc$ure1 !re=e1 0 dictat$ by hi]>*ical jeal\sy on ! "p ( ,demetrius4 ,accord+ to ,eusebius1#bf inde$1 ! act ( mutilation already ref]r$ to 0 made a gr\nd ( accusation aga9/ ,orig52 & !re seems no d\bt t !re exi/$ an old canon ( ! ,*ur*1#bg bas$ ^u ! words 9 ,deut4 xxiii4 #a1 :i* r5d]$ "o :o _h committ$ su* an act ineligible = (fice 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,b !re is no trace ( ?is act1 z disqualify+ ,orig5 = ! (fice ( presbyt]1 hav+ be5 urg$ by ,demetrius1 s f> z c be discov]$ f ! notices ( ! two synods :i* h be5 pres]v$ by ,ruf9us & ,photius2 & x seems extremely probable1 z ,r$ep5n+ rem>ks1#bh t if ,demetrius 7 acqua9t$ ) ?is act ( ,orig51 z ,eusebius says he 01#bi he made no public m5tion ( x1 f> less t he made x a pret5ce = 8 deposition4 ,demetrius did n long survive ! execution ( 8 v5geance aga9/ 8 un=tunate cate*i/4 ,he di$ ab\t a ye> aft]w>ds1 & 0 succe$$ by ,h]aclas1 ! fri5d & =m] pupil ( ,orig54 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 appe> t ,h]aclas made any ef=t to h ! s5t5ce aga9/ ,orig5 recall$1 s t he might return to ! e>ly seat ( 8 lab\rs4 ,orig5 devot$ himself at ,cs>ea *iefly to exegetical /udies ^u ! books ( ,scripture1 enjoy+ ! c\nt5ance & fri5d%ip ( ! two bi%ops ,alex&] & ,!octi/us1 :o are said by ,eusebius 8to h att5d$ him ! :ole "t z pupils d _! ma/]40 ,he spe$ily rais$ ! !ological s*ool ( t city to a degree ( reputation :i* attract$ _m pupils4 ,among ^? :o plac$ !mselves "u 8 in/ructions 7 two "y ,cappadocians1 :o _h come to ,cs>ea ) o!r int5tions1 b :o 7 s attract$ by ! :ole "* & p]sonality ( ,orig51 t !y imm$iately became 8 pupils4 ,! =m] ( ^!1 aft]w>ds ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 ,bi%op ( ,new ,cs>ea1 has left u1 9 ! panegyric :i* he wrote aft] a disciple%ip ( five ye>s1 a full & admir+ acc\nt ( ! me?od ( 8 great ma/]4 ,! p]secution "u ! ,emp]or ,maxim9 oblig$ ,orig5 to take refuge 9 ,cs>ea 9 ,cappadocia1 :]e he rema9$ 9 concealm5t ab\t two ye>s 9 ! h\se ( a ,*ri/ian lady nam$ ,juliana1 :o 0 ! heiress ( ,symma*us1 ! ,ebionite translator ( ! ,septuag9t1 & f :om he obta9$ sev]al ,,mss4 :i* _h belong$ to him4 ,"h1 also1 he compos$ 8 ,exhortation to ,m>tyrdom1 :i* 0 expressly writt5 = ! sake ( 8 fri5ds ,ambrosius & ,protoctetus1 :o _h be5 imprison$ on acc\nt ( _! ,*ri/ian pr(ession1 b :o recov]$ _! fre$om aft] ! dea? ( ,maxim91--an ev5t :i* all[$ ,orig5 to return to ! ,pale/9ian ,cs>ea & to ! prosecution ( 8 lab\rs4 ,a visit to ,a!ns1 :]e he seems to h rema9$ "s "t1 & to ,bo/ra 9 ,arabia1 9 ord] to br+ back to ! true fai? ,bi%op ,b]yllus1 :o _h express$ het]odox op9ions ^u ! subject ( ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 & 9 :i* attempt he prov$ successful1 7 ! *ief ev5ts ( 8 life dur+ ! next five ye>s4 ,on ! outbreak ( ! ,decian p]secution1 h[ev]1 9 #bdi1 he 0 imprison$ at ,tyre1 to :i* city he _h gone f ,cs>ea = "s unkn[n reason1 & 0 made to suff] great cruelties by 8 p]secutors4 ,! effect ( ^! ^u a frame worn out by ascetic lab\rs may be easily conceiv$4 ,al?\gh he surviv$ 8 imprisonm5t1 8 body 0 s weak5$ by 8 suff]+s1 t he di$ at ,tyre 9 #bed1 9 ! sev5tie? ye> ( 8 age4 ,! "* ( ,orig5 is s+ul>ly pure & noble2 = 8 moral qualities are z rem>kable z 8 intellectual gifts4 ,! hi/ory ( ! *ur* records ! names ( few ^: pati5ce & meekness "u unm]it$ suff]+ 7 m conspicu\s ?an 84 ,h[ v diff]5tly w\ld ,j]ome h act$ "u circum/ances l ^? :i* l$ to ,orig5's bani%m5t f ,alex&ria6 & :at a fav\rable contra/ is pres5t$ by ! self-d5y+ asceticism ( 8 :ole life1 to ! s9s :i* /a9$ ! e>ly ye>s ( ,augu/9e prior to 8 conv]sion6 ,! impression :i* 8 :ole p]sonality made ^u ^? :o came )9 ! sph]e ( 8 influ5ce is evid5c$ 9 a rem>kable degree by ! admir+ affection display$ t[>ds him by 8 fri5d ,ambrose & 8 pupil ,gregory4 ,nor 0 x fri5ds alone t he s impress$4 ,to him belongs ! r>e hon\r ( conv9c+ h]etics ( _! errors1 & ( lead+ !m back to ! *ur*1--a result :i* mu/ h be5 due z mu* to ! g5tl5ess & e>ne/ness ( 8 ,*ri/ian "*1 z to ! prodigi\s le>n+1 m>vell\s acut5ess1 & logical p[]1 :i* entitle him to be reg>d$ z ! greate/ ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,x is s+ul>1 inde$1 t a *>ge ( h]esy %\ld h be5 br\ght1 n only aft] 8 dea?1 b ev5 dur+ 8 life1 aga9/ "o :o r5d]$ su* em95t s]vices to ! cause ( or?odox ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ?is *>ge mu/ be consid]$ 9 ref]5ce to ! times :5 he liv$ & wrote4 ,no ,g5]al ,c\ncil _h yet be5 held to settle au?oritatively ! doctr9e ( ! *ur* ^u any ( ^? great que/ions1 ! discussion ( :i* convuls$ ! ,*ri/ian _w dur+ ! two foll[+ c5turies2 & 9 ^! circum/ances great] latitude 0 naturally p]missible ?an w\ld h be5 ju/ifiable at a lat] p]iod4 ,moreov]1 a m9d s speculative z t ( ,orig51 & s engross$ ) ! deepe/ & mo/ difficult problems ( human ?\ght1 mu/ sometimes h express$ itself 9 a way liable to be misund]/ood4 ,b no d\bt ! *ief cause ( 8 be+ reg>d$ z a h]etic is to be f\nd 9 ! ha/e ) :i* he all[$ _m ( 8 writ+s to be publi%$4 ,_h he consid]$ m c>efully :at he int5d$ to br+ be=e ! public eye1 less occasion w\ld h be5 furni%$ to objectors1 & ! memory ( "o ( ! greate/ s*ol>s & mo/ devot$ ,*ri/ians t ! _w has ev] se5 w\ld h be5 fre$1 to a great ext5t at lea/1 f ! reproa* ( h]esy4 ,orig5 0 a v volum9\s au?or4 ,j]ome says t he wrote m ?an any individual c\ld read2 & ,epiphanius 7,hres4 lxiv4 #fc7 relates t 8 writ+s am\nt$ to #fjjj volumes1 by :i* /atem5t we are probably to und]/& t e individual treatise1 l>ge or small1 includ+ ea* ( ! num]\s homilies1 0 c\nt$ z a sep>ate volume4 ,! admiration ent]ta9$ = him by 8 fri5d ,ambrosius1 & ! read9ess ) :i* ! latt] bore all ! exp5ses ( transcription & publication1 l$ ,orig5 to give to ! _w mu* :i* o!rwise w\ld nev] h se5 ! light4 ,! works ( ! great ,adamant9us may be class$ "u ! foll[+ divisions3-- ,,exegetical ,,works4 ,^! comprise 1 brief notes on ,scripture1 ( :i* only fragm5ts rema93 1 ,comm5t>ies1 l5g!n$ expositions1 ( :i* we possess consid]able portions1 includ+ ^? on ,mat!w1 ,john1 & ,epi/le to ! ,romans2 & ab\t #bjj ,homilies1 ^u ! pr9cipal books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 a full li/ ( :i* may be se5 9 ,migne's edition4 ,9 ^! works 8 peculi> sy/em ( int]pretation f\nd ample scope = ex]cise2 & al?\gh he c>ri$ out 8 pr9ciple ( allegoriz+ _m ?+s1 :i* 9 _! hi/orical & lit]al signification (f5d$ 8 exegetical s5se1 he nev]!less ma9ta9s t 8! passages :i* hold good 9 _! hi/orical acceptation are mu* m num]\s ?an ^? :i* conta9 a purely spiritual mean+20#cj & ! /ud5t w f9d mu* t is /rik+ & sugge/ive 9 8 rem>ks ^u ! v>i\s passages :i* he br+s "u review4 ,= an acc\nt ( 8 me?od ( int]pret+ ,scripture1 & ! gr\nds on :i* he bas$ x1 ! read] may consult ! f\r? book ( ! treatise ,on ! ,pr9ciples4 ,,critical ,,works4 ,! great critical "w ( ,orig5 0 ! ,hexapla or ,six-column$ ,bible1--an attempt to provide a revis$ text ( ! ,septuag9t translation ( ,old ,te/am5t ,scripture4 ,on ?is und]tak+ he is said to h sp5t eight-&-tw5ty ye>s ( 8 life1 & to h acquir$ a k ( ,hebrew 9 ord] to qualify himself = ! task4 ,ea* page ( ?is "w consi/$1 ) ! exception to be notic$ imm$iately1 ( six columns4 ,9 ! fir/ 0 plac$ ! curr5t ,hebrew text2 9 ! second1 ! same repres5t$ 9 ,greek lett]s2 9 ! ?ird1 ! v]sion ( ,aquila2 9 ! f\r?1 t ( ,symma*us2 9 ! fif?1 ! text ( ! ,,lxx41 z x exi/$ at ! "t2 & 9 ! six?1 ! v]sion ( ,!odotion4 ,hav+ come into possession also ( c]ta9 o!r ,greek translations ( "s ( ! books ( ,scripture1 he add$ ^! 9 _! appropriate place1 s t ! "w pres5t$ 9 "s p>ts ! appe>ance ( sev51 eight1 or n9e columns1 & 0 t]m$ ,heptapla1 ,octopla1 or ,enneapla1 9 consequ5ce4 ,he ins]t$ critical m>ks 9 ! text ( ! ,,lxx41 an a/]isk to d5ote :at ought to be add$1 & an obelus to d5ote :at ought to be omitt$2 tak+ ! additions *iefly f ! v]sion ( ,!odotion4 ,! "w1 ) ! omission ( ! ,hebrew column1 & t repres5t+ ! ,hebrew 9 ,greek lett]s1 0 t]m$ ,tetrapla2 & ) reg>d to x1 x is unc]ta9 :e!r x is to be consid]$ a prelim9>y "w on ! "p ( ,orig51 und]tak5 by way ( prep>ation = ! l>g]1 or m]ely z an exc]pt f ! latt]4 ,! :ole ext5d$1 x is said1 to ne>ly fifty volumes1 & 01 ( c\rse1 f> too bulky = common use1 & too co/ly = transcription4 ,x 0 plac$ 9 "s repository 9 ! city ( ,tyre1 f :i* x 0 remov$ aft] ,orig5's dea? to ! libr>y at ,cs>ea1 f\nd$ by ,pamphilus1 ! fri5d ( ,eusebius4 ,x is suppos$ to h be5 burnt at ! capture ( ,cs>ea by ! ,arabs 9 #fec ,a4,d4 ,! column1 h[ev]1 conta9+ ! v]sion ( ! ,,lxx4 _h be5 copi$ by ,pamphilus & ,eusebius1 along ) ! critical m>ks ( ,orig51 al?\gh1 ow+ to c>elessness on ! "p ( subsequ5t transcrib]s1 ! text 0 soon aga9 corrupt$4 ,! rema9s ( ?is "w 7 publi%$ by ,montfaucon at ,p>is1 #agac1 #b vols4 folio2 by ,bahrdt at ,leipsic 9 #agfi2 & is at pres5t aga9 9 c\rse ( publication f ! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 "u ! editor%ip ( ,mr4 ,field1 :o has made use ( ! ,syriac-,hexapl> v]sion1 & has add$ v>i\s fragm5ts n conta9$ 9 prior editions4 7,= a full & critical acc\nt ( ?is "w1 ! ,engli% read] is ref]r$ to ,dr4 ,sam4 ,davidson's ,biblical ,criticism1 vol4 i4 *4 xii41 :i* has be5 made use ( = ! above notice47 ,,apologetical ,,works4 ,8 great apologetical "w 0 ! treatise und]tak5 at ! special reque/ ( 8 fri5d ,ambrosius1 9 answ] to ! attack ( ! hea!n philosoph] ,celsus on ! ,*ri/ian religion1 9 a "w :i* he entitl$ 1 or ,a ,true ,disc\rse4 ,orig5 /ates t he _h he>d t !re 7 two individuals ( ?is "n1 bo? ( !m ,epicureans1 ! e>li] ( ! two hav+ liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,n]o1 & ! o!r 9 ! "t ( ,adrian1 or lat]4#ca ,r$ep5n+ is ( op9ion t ,celsus mu/ h compos$ 8 "w 9 ! "t ( ,m>cus ,aurelius 7#afa-ahj ,a4,d471 on acc\nt ( 8 suppos$ m5tion ( ! ,m>cionites 7^: lead] did n make 8 appe>ance at ,rome be=e #adb ,a4,d471 & ( ! ,m>cellians 7foll[]s ( ! ,c>pocratian ,m>cell9a71 a sect :i* 0 f\nd$ aft] ! ye> #aee ,a4,d4 "u ,bi%op ,anicetus4#cb ,orig5 believ$ 8 oppon5t to be an ,epicurean1 b to h adopt$ o!r doctr9es ?an ^? ( ,epicurus1 because he ?\ght t by s do+ he c\ld assail ,*ri/ianity to great] advantage4#cc ,! "w :i* ,orig5 compos$ 9 answ] to ! s-/yl$ ,true ,disc\rse consi/s ( eight books1 & belongs to ! late/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,x has always be5 reg>d$ z ! great apologetic "w ( antiquity2 & no "o c p]use x )\t be+ /ruck by ! multif>i\s read+1 wond]ful acut5ess1 & r>e subtlety ( m9d :i* x displays4 ,b ! rule :i* ,orig5 prescrib$ to himself1 ( n all[+ a s+le objection ( 8 oppon5t to rema9 unansw]$1 leads him into a m9ut5ess ( detail1 & into num]\s repetitions1 :i* fatigue ! read]1 & detract f ! int]e/ & unity ( ! "w4 ,he himself confesses t he began x on "o plan1 & c>ri$ x out on ano!r4#cd ,no d\bt1 _h he liv$ to re-write & cond5se x1 x w\ld h be5 m wor?y ( 8 reputation4 ,b ) all its defects1 x is a great "w1 & well des]ves ! notice ( ! /ud5ts ( ,apologetics4 ,! table ( cont5ts prefix$ to ! translation w convey a bett] idea ( its nature ?an any description :i* our limits w\ld p]mit u to give4 ,,dogmatic ,,works4 ,^! include ! 1 a "w compos$ 9 imitation ( ! treatise ( ,clem5t ( ! same "n1 & consi/+ orig9ally ( t5 books1 ( :i* only ?ree fragm5ts exi/ 9 a ,lat9 v]sion by ,j]ome 7,migne1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ajb-ajg72 a treatise on ! ,resurrection1 ( :i* f\r fragm5ts rema9 7,migne1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ia-ajj72 & ! treatise 1 ,de ,pr9cipiis1 :i* conta9s ,orig5's views on ! v>i\s que/ions ( sy/ematic !ology4 ,! "w has come d[n to u 9 ! ,lat9 translation ( 8 admir] ,ruf9us2 b1 f a comp>ison ( ! few fragm5ts ( ! orig9al ,greek :i* h be5 pres]v$1 we see t ,ruf9us 0 ju/ly *>geable ) alt]+ _m ( ,orig5's expressions1 9 ord] to br+ 8 doctr9e on c]ta9 po9ts m into h>mony ) ! or?odox views ( ! "t4 ,! ,de ,pr9cipiis consi/s ( f\r books1 & is translat$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! works ( ,orig5 9 ?is s]ies1 to :i* we ref] ! read]4 ,,practical ,,works4 ,"u ?is head we place ! little treatise 1 ,on ,pray]1 writt5 at ! in/ance ( 8 fri5d ,ambrose1 & :i* conta9s an exposition ( ! ,"l's ,pray]2 ! 1 ,exhortation to ,m>tyrdom1 compos$ at ! outbreak ( ! p]secution by ,maximian1 :5 8 fri5ds ,ambrose & ,protoctetus 7 imprison$4 ,( 8 num]\s lett]s only two h come d[n entire1 viz4 t :i* 0 address$ to ,julius ,africanus1 :o _h que/ion$ ! g5u95ess ( ! hi/ory ( ,susanna 9 ! apocryphal additions to ! book ( ,daniel1 & t to ,gregory ,?aumaturgus on ! use ( ,greek philosophy 9 ! explanation ( ,scripture1 al?\gh1 f ! brevity ( ! latt]1 x is que/ionable :e!r x is m ?an a fragm5t ( ! orig9al4 7,bo? ( ^! are translat$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ,orig5's works 9 ?is s]ies47 ,! 1 ,philocalia1 0 a compilation f ! writ+s ( ,orig51 int5d$ to expla9 ! difficult passages ( ,scripture1 & execut$ by ,basil ! ,great & ,gregory ( ,nazianzus2 l>ge extracts ( :i* h be5 pres]v$1 especially ( t "p :i* 0 tak5 f ! treatise aga9/ ,celsus4 ,! rema9s 7 fir/ pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #afah1 & aga9 at ,cambridge 9 #afgf1 9 ! repr9t ( ,sp5c]'s edition ( ! ,contra ,celsum4 ,9 ! ,b5$ict9e edition1 & 9 ,migne's repr9t1 ! v>i\s portions are quot$ 9 footnotes "u ! respective passages ( ,orig5's writ+s4 ,,editions ,,( ,,orig54 ,! fir/ publi%$ works ( ,orig5 7 8 ,homilies1 :i* appe>$ 9 #adge1 al?\gh nei!r ! "n ( ! publi%] nor ! place ( publication is giv54 ,^! 7 foll[$ by ! treatise aga9/ ,celsus 9 ! translation ( ,*ri/oph] ,p]sana1 :i* appe>$ at ,rome 9 #adha2 & ?is1 aga91 by an edition ( ! ,homilies at ,v5ice 9 #aejc1 conta9+ ^? on ! f\r fir/ books ( ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 & ,judges4 ,! fir/ collective edition ( ! :ole works 0 giv5 to ! _w 9 a ,lat9 translation by ,james ,m]l91 & 0 publi%$ 9 two folio volumes1 fir/ at ,p>is 9 #aeab & #aeai1 & aft]w>ds at ,p>is 9 #aebb & #aecj4 ,a revision ( ,m]l9's edition 0 begun by ,erasmus1 & complet$1 aft] 8 dea?1 by ,beatus ,rh5anus4 ,?is appe>$ at ,basle 9 #aecf 9 two folio volumes1 & aga9 9 #aeeg & #aega4 ,a mu* bett] & m complete edition 0 und]tak5 by ! ,b5$ict9e ,gilb]tus ,g5ebr>dus1 :i* 0 publi%$ also 9 two volumes folio at ,p>is 9 #aegd1 & aga9 9 #afjd & #afai4 ,hoes*el publi%$ ! treatise aga9/ ,celsus at ,augsburg 9 #afje2 ,sp5c]1 at ,cambridge 9 #afeh & #afgg1 to :i* 0 add$ ! ,philocalia1 :i* _h fir/ appe>$ 9 a ,lat9 translation by ,g5ebr>dus1 & aft]w>ds 9 ,greek by ,t>9us at ,p>is 9 #afah & #afbd1 9 qu>to4 ,huet1 ,bi%op ( ,avran*es1 publi%$ ! exegetical writ+s 9 ,greek1 includ+ ! ,comm5t>ies on ,mat!w & ,john1 9 two volumes folio1 ( :i* ! "o appe>$ at ,r\5 9 #affh1 & ! o!r at ,p>is 9 #afgi4 ,! great edition by ! two le>n$ ,b5$ict9es ( ,/4 ,maur--,*>les de la ,rue1 & 8 nephew ,v9c5t de la ,rue--0 publi%$ at ,p>is betwe5 ! ye>s #agcc & #agei4 ,?is is a "w ( imm5se indu/ry & lab\r1 & rema9s ! /&>d to ! pres5t "t4 ,x has be5 repr9t$ by ,migne 9 8 s]ies ( ! ,greek ,fa!rs1 9 n9e volumes1 l>ge #hvo4 ,9 ,ob]?r's s]ies ( ! ,greek ,fa!rs1 sev5 volumes conta9 ! *ief portion ( ,orig5's writ+s2 :ile ,lommatzs* has publi%$ ! :ole 9 tw5ty-five small volumes1 ,b]l9 #ahca-dh1 conta9+ ! ,greek text alone4--,abridg$ f ,r$ep5n+4 ,= fur!r in=mation ^u ! life & op9ions ( ,orig51 ! read] may consult ,r$ep5n+'s ,orig5es1 #b vols41 ,bonn #ahda1 #ahdf2 ! articles 9 ,h]zog's ,encyclopdie & ,wetz]'s & ,wette's ,kir*5-,lexikon1 by ,kl+ & ,hefele respectively2 ! brilliant sket* by ,press5s 9 8 ,m>tyrs & ,apologi/s 7,h>wood's translation72 & ! le>n$ compilation ( ,huet1 entitl$ ,orig5iana1 to be f\nd 9 ! n9? volume ( ,migne's edition4 ,footnote #a3 ,cf4 ,r$ep5n+'s ,orig5es1 vol4 i4 pp4 #dag-dbj 7,er/e ,beilage3 b] ,orig5es ,geburtsjahr und d5 ,ort1 wo er gebor5 wurde74 ,footnote #b3 ,cf4 ,ibid4 7,zweite ,beilage3 b] ,nam5 und ,be9am5 d] ,orig5es74 ,footnote #c3 ,encyclopa$ie d] ,ka?olis*5 ,!ologie1 s4v4 ,orig5es4 ,footnote #d3 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 ii4 #i4 ,footnote #e3 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 ii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,footnote #f3 ,eusebius1 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 ii43 1 ' 4 ,footnote #g3 4 ,footnote #h3 ,! obol 0 ab\t ?ree-halfp5ce ( our money4 ,footnote #i3 ,= a full discussion ( ! d\bts :i* h be5 ?r[n ^u ! cr$ibility ( ,eusebius 9 ?is matt] by ,s*nitz] & ,baur1 cf4 ,r$ep5n+1 ,orig5es1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ddd-deh1 & ,hefele1 ,encyclopa$ie d] ,ka?olis*5 ,!ologie1 s4v4 ,orig5es4 ,footnote #aj3 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 #ai1 #af4 ,footnote #aa3 ,ibid4 b4 vi4 c4 #ai4 ,footnote #ab3 ,ibid4 b4 vi4 c4 #ah4 ,footnote #ac3 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 #bc4 ,footnote #ad3 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 #ba3 ' 1 1 4 ,footnote #ae3 ,cf4 ,hefele1 ,encyclopa$ie1 etc41 s4v4 ,orig5es4 ,footnote #af3 4 ,footnote #ag3 ,cf4 ,r$ep5n+1 vol4 i4 p4 #djf1 etc4 ,footnote #ah3 ,cf4 ibid4 ,footnote #ai3 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 #bb & c4 #cc4 ,footnote #bj3 ,) ! exception ( ! fir/ book2 cf4 ,migne1 vol4 ix4 pp4 #edb-fcb4 ,footnote #ba3 ,cf4 ,photii ,biblio!ca1 ed4 ,hoes*el1 p4 #bih4 ,footnote #bb3 ,eusebius expressly m5tions t bo? ^! works1 among o!rs1 7 publi%$ be=e he left ,alex&ria4--,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 #bd4 ,footnote #bc3 s4v4 ,orig5es4 ,footnote #bd3 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 #ai4 ,footnote #be3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #bf3 ,ibid4 b4 vi4 c4 #h4 ,footnote #bg3 4 ,cf4 ,r$ep5n+1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bjh1 #baf1 #bah4 ,footnote #bh3 ,cf4 ,r$ep5n+1 vol4 i4 p4 #dji1 note #b4 ,footnote #bi3 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 vi4 c4 #h4 ,footnote #cj3 ,orig5's ,works1 vol4 i4 pp4 #cbc-d 7,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y74 ,footnote #ca3 ,cf4 ,contra ,celsum1 i4 c4 viii4 ad f94 ,footnote #cb3 ,cf4 ,r$ep5n+1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aca1 note #b4 ,footnote #cc3 ,contra ,celsum1 i4 *4 viii4 ,footnote #cd3 ,preface1 #f2 cf4 vol4 i4 p4 #cig4 ,,orig5 ,,aga9/ ,,celsus4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! fir/ book ( our answ] to ! treatise ( ,celsus1 entitl$ ,a ,true ,disc\rse1 :i* conclud$ ) ! repres5tation ( ! ,jew address+ ,jesus1 hav+ n[ ext5d$ to a suffici5t l5g?1 we int5d ! pres5t "p z a reply to ! *>ges br\ght by him aga9/ ^? :o h be5 conv]t$ f ,judaism to ,*ri/ianity4 ,& we call att5tion1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ?is special "q1 viz4 :y ,celsus1 :5 he _h once resolv$ ^u ! introduction ( individuals ^u ! /age ( 8 book1 did n repres5t ! ,jew z address+ ! conv]ts f hea!nism r ?an ^? f ,judaism1 see+ t 8 disc\rse1 if direct$ to u1 w\ld h appe>$ m likely to produce an impression4#ce ,b probably ?is claimant to univ]sal k does n "k :at is appropriate 9 ! matt] ( su* repres5tations2 & !re=e let u proce$ to consid] :at he has to say to ! conv]ts f ,judaism4 ,he ass]ts t 8!y h =sak5 ! law ( _! fa!rs1 9 consequ5ce ( _! m9ds be+ l$ captive by ,jesus2 t !y h be5 mo/ ridicul\sly deceiv$1 & t !y h become des]t]s to ano!r "n & to ano!r mode ( life40 ,"h he has n obs]v$ t ! ,jewi% conv]ts h n des]t$ ! law ( _! fa!rs1 inasmu* z !y live accord+ to its prescriptions1 receiv+ _! v "n f ! pov]ty ( ! law1 accord+ to ! lit]al acceptation ( ! ^w2 = ,ebion signifies 8poor0 among ! ,jews1#cf & ^? ,jews :o h receiv$ ,jesus z ,*ri/ are call$ by ! "n ( ,ebionites4 ,nay1 ,pet] himself seems to h obs]v$ = a consid]able "t ! ,jewi% obs]vances enjo9$ by ! law ( ,moses1 n hav+ yet le>n$ f ,jesus to asc5d f ! law t is regulat$ accord+ to ! lett]1 to t :i* is int]pret$ accord+ to ! _s1--a fact :i* we le>n f ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,= on ! day aft] ! angel ( ,god appe>$ to ,cornelius1 sugge/+ to him 8to s5d to ,joppa1 to ,simon surnam$ ,pet]10 ,pet] 8w5t up into ! upp] room to pray ab\t ! six? h\r4 ,& he became v hungry1 & w\ld h eat53 b :ile !y made ready he fell into a trance1 & saw heav5 op5$1 & a c]ta9 vessel desc5d+ unto him1 z x _h be5 a great %eet knit at ! f\r corn]s1 & let d[n to ! e>?2 :]e9 7 all mann] ( f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s ( ! e>?1 & f[ls ( ! air4 ,& !re came a voice to him1 ,rise1 ,pet]2 kill1 & eat4 ,b ,pet] said1 ,n s1 ,"l2 = ,i h nev] eat5 any?+ t is common or unclean4 ,& ! voice spake unto him aga9 ! second "t1 ,:at ,god ha? cleans$1 t call ?\ n common40#cg ,n[ obs]ve h[1 by ?is in/ance1 ,pet] is repres5t$ z /ill obs]v+ ! ,jewi% cu/oms respect+ clean & unclean animals4 ,& f ! n>rative t foll[s1 x is manife/ t he1 z be+ yet a ,jew1 & liv+ accord+ to _! traditions1 & despis+ ^? :o 7 beyond ! pale ( ,judaism1 /ood 9 ne$ ( a vision to lead him to communicate to ,cornelius 7:o 0 n an ,israelite accord+ to ! fle%71 & to ^? :o 7 ) him1 ! ^w ( fai?4 ,moreov]1 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 ,paul /ates t ,pet]1 /ill f fe> ( ! ,jews1 ceas$ ^u ! arrival ( ,james to eat ) ! ,g5tiles1 & 8sep>at$ himself f !m1 fe>+ !m t 7 ( ! circumcision20#ch & ! re/ ( ! ,jews1 & ,b>nabas also1 foll[$ ! same c\rse4 ,& c]ta9ly x 0 q consi/5t t ^? %\ld n ab/a9 f ! obs]vance ( ,jewi% usages :o 7 s5t to m9i/] to ! circumcision1 :5 !y :o 8seem$ to be pill>s0 gave ! "r h& ( fell[%ip to ,paul & ,b>nabas1 9 ord] t1 :ile devot+ !mselves to ! circumcision1 ! latt] might prea* to ! ,g5tiles4 ,& :y d ,i m5tion t !y :o prea*$ to ! circumcision )drew & sep>at$ !mselves f ! hea!n1 :5 ev5 ,paul himself 8became z a ,jew to ! ,jews1 t he might ga9 ! ,jews80 ,:]e=e also 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les x is relat$ t he ev5 br\ght an (f]+ to ! alt>1 t he might satisfy ! ,jews t he 0 no apo/ate f _! law4#ci ,n[1 if ,celsus _h be5 acqua9t$ ) all ^! circum/ances1 he w\ld n h repres5t$ ! ,jew hold+ su* language z ?is to ! conv]ts f ,judaism3 8,:at induc$ y1 my fell[-citiz5s1 to ab&on ! law ( y\r fa!rs1 & to all[ y\r m9ds to be l$ captive by him ) :om we h j conv]s$1 & ?us be mo/ ridicul\sly delud$1 s z to become des]t]s f u to ano!r "n1 & to ! practices ( ano!r life80 ,footnote #ce3 4 ,footnote #cf3 4 ,footnote #cg3 ,cf4 ,acts x4 #i-ae4 ,footnote #ch3 ,cf4 ,gal4 ii4 #ab4 ,footnote #ci3 ,cf4 ,acts xxi4 #bf4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,n[1 s9ce we are ^u ! subject ( ,pet]1 & ( ! tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity to ! circumcision1 ,i d n deem x out ( place to quote a c]ta9 decl>ation ( ,jesus tak5 f ! ,gospel accord+ to ,john1 & to give ! explanation ( ! same4 ,= x is !re relat$ t ,jesus said3 8,i h yet _m ?+s to say unto y1 b ye _c be> !m n[4 ,h[beit :5 ,he1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 is come1 ,he w guide y into all ! tru?3 = ,he %all n speak ( ,himself2 b :atsoev] ,he %all he>1 t %all ,he speak40#dj ,& :5 we inquire :at 7 ! 8_m ?+s0 ref]r$ to 9 ! passage :i* ,jesus _h to say to ,8 disciples1 b :i* !y 7 n !n able to be>1 ,i h to obs]ve t1 probably because ! apo/les 7 ,jews1 & _h be5 tra9$ up accord+ to ! lett] ( ! ,mosaic law1 ,he 0 unable to tell !m :at 0 ! true law1 & h[ ! ,jewi% wor%ip consi/$ 9 ! patt]n & %ad[ ( c]ta9 heav5ly ?+s1 & h[ future bless+s 7 =e%ad[$ by ! injunctions reg>d+ meats & dr9ks1 & fe/ivals1 & new moons1 & sabba?s4 ,^! 7 _m ( ! subjects :i* ,he _h to expla9 to !m2 b z ,he saw t x 0 a "w ( exce$+ difficulty to root out ( ! m9d op9ions t h be5 almo/ born ) a man1 & amid :i* he has be5 br\ght up till he rea*$ ! p]iod ( maturity1 & :i* h produc$ 9 ^? :o h adopt$ !m ! belief t !y are div9e1 & t x is an act ( impiety to ov]?r[ !m2 & to demon/rate by ! sup]iority ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 t is1 by ! tru?1 9 a mann] to conv9ce ! he>]s1 t su* op9ions 7 b 8loss & dung10 ,he po/pon$ su* a task to a future season--to t1 namely1 :i* foll[$ ,8 passion & resurrection4 ,= ! br++ ( aid unseasonably to ^? :o 7 n yet capable ( receiv+ x1 might h ov]turn$ ! idea :i* !y _h already =m$ ( ,jesus1 z ! ,*ri/1 & ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,& see if !re is n "s well-gr\nd$ reason = su* a /atem5t z ?is1 8,i h _m ?+s to say unto y1 b ye _c be> !m n[20 see+ !re are _m po9ts 9 ! law :i* require to be expla9$ & cle>$ up 9 a spiritual s5se1 & ^! ! disciples 7 9 a mann] unable to be>1 hav+ be5 born & br\ght up among/ ,jews4 ,i am ( op9ion1 moreov]1 t s9ce ^! rites 7 typical1 & ! tru? 0 t :i* 0 to be taught !m by ! ,holy ,_s1 ^! words 7 add$1 8,:5 ,he is come :o is ! ,_s ( tru?1 ,he w lead y into all ! tru?20 z if ,he _h said1 into all ! tru? ab\t ^? ?+s :i*1 be+ to y b types1 ye believ$ to con/itute a true wor%ip :i* ye r5d]$ unto ,god4 ,& s1 accord+ to ! promise ( ,jesus1 ! ,_s ( tru? came to ,pet]1 say+ to him1 ) reg>d to ! f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s ( ! e>?1 & f[ls ( ! air3 8,arise1 ,pet]2 kill1 & eat40 ,& ! ,_s came to him :ile he 0 /ill 9 a /ate ( sup]/iti\s ignorance2 = he said1 9 answ] to ! div9e comm&1 8,n s1 ,"l2 = ,i h nev] yet eat5 any?+ common or unclean40 ,he in/ruct$ him1 h[ev]1 9 ! true & spiritual mean+ ( meats1 by say+1 8,:at ,god ha? cleans$1 t call n ?\ common40 ,& s1 aft] t vision1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 :i* conduct$ ,pet] into all ! tru?1 told him ! _m ?+s :i* he 0 unable to be> :5 ,jesus 0 /ill ) him 9 ! fle%4 ,b ,i %all h ano!r opportunity ( expla9+ ^? matt]s1 :i* are connect$ ) ! lit]al acceptation ( ! ,mosaic law4 ,footnote #dj3 ,john xvi4 #ab1 #ac4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,our pres5t object1 h[ev]1 is to expose ! ignorance ( ,celsus1 :o makes ?is ,jew ( 8 address 8 fell[-citiz5 & ! ,israeliti% conv]ts 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 8,:at induc$ y to ab&on ! law ( y\r fa!rs80 etc4 ,n[1 h[ %\ld !y h ab&on$ ! law ( _! fa!rs1 :o are 9 ! habit ( rebuk+ ^? :o d n li/5 to its comm&s1 say+1 8,tell me1 ye :o read ! law1 d ye n he> ! law8 ,= x is writt51 t ,abraham _h two sons20 & s on1 d[n to ! place1 8:i* ?+s are an allegory10#da etc48 ,& h[ h !y ab&on$ ! law ( _! fa!rs1 :o are ev] speak+ ( ! usages ( _! fa!rs 9 su* words z ^!3 8,or does n ! law say ^! ?+s also8 ,= x is writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 ,?\ %alt n muzzle ! m\? ( ! ox t treade? out ! corn4 ,do? ,god c>e = ox58 or sai? ,he x altoge!r = our sakes8 = = our sakes x 0 writt510 & s on8#db ,n[1 h[ confus$ is ! reason+ ( ! ,jew 9 reg>d to ^! matt]s 7al?\gh he _h x 9 8 p[] to speak ) great] effect7 :5 he says3 8,c]ta9 among y h ab&on$ ! usages ( our fa!rs "u a pret5ce ( explanations & allegories2 & "s ( y1 al?\gh1 z ye pret5d1 int]pret+ !m 9 a spiritual mann]1 nev]!less d obs]ve ! cu/oms ( our fa!rs2 & "s ( y1 )\t any su* int]pretation1 are will+ to accept ,jesus z ! subject ( prophecy1 & to keep ! law ( ,moses accord+ to ! cu/oms ( ! fa!rs1 z hav+ 9 ! words ! :ole m9d ( ! ,_s40 ,n[ h[ 0 ,celsus able to see ^! ?+s s cle>ly 9 ?is place1 :5 9 ! subsequ5t p>ts ( 8 "w he makes m5tion ( c]ta9 godless h]esies altoge!r ali5 f ! doctr9e ( ,jesus1 & ev5 ( o!rs :i* leave ! ,creator out ( acc\nt altoge!r1 & does n appe> to "k t !re are ,israelites :o are conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity1 & :o h n ab&on$ ! law ( _! fa!rs8 ,x 0 n 8 object to inve/igate ev]y?+ "h 9 ! _s ( tru?1 & to accept :atev] he might f9d to be useful2 b he compos$ ^! /atem5ts 9 ! _s ( an enemy1 & ) a desire to ov]?r[ ev]y?+ z soon z he he>d x4 ,footnote #da3 ,gal4 iv4 #ba1 #bb4 ,footnote #db3 #a ,cor4 ix4 #h4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,jew1 !n1 cont9ues 8 address to conv]ts f 8 own nation ?us3 8,ye/]day & ! day be=e1 :5 we visit$ ) puni%m5t ! man :o delud$ y1 ye became apo/ates f ! law ( y\r fa!rs20 %[+ by su* /atem5ts 7z we h j demon/rat$7 any?+ b an exact k ( ! tru?4 ,b :at he advances aft]w>ds seems to h "s =ce1 :5 he says3 8,h[ is x t y take ! beg9n+ ( y\r sy/em f our wor%ip1 & :5 y h made "s progress y treat x ) disrespect1 al?\gh y h no o!r f\ndation to %[ = y\r doctr9es ?an our law80 ,n[1 c]ta9ly ! introduction to ,*ri/ianity is ?r\gh ! ,mosaic wor%ip & ! prophetic writ+s2 & aft] ! introduction1 x is 9 ! int]pretation & explanation ( ^! t progress takes place1 :ile ^? :o are introduc$ prosecute _! inve/igations into 8! my/]y accord+ to revelation1 :i* 0 kept secret s9ce ! _w began1 b n[ is made manife/ 9 ! ,scriptures ( ! prophets10#dc & by ! appe>ance ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b !y :o advance 9 ! k ( ,*ri/ianity d n1 z ye allege1 treat ! ?+s writt5 9 ! law ) disrespect4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y be/[ ^u !m great] hon\r1 %[+ :at a dep? ( wise & my/]i\s reasons is conta9$ 9 ^! writ+s1 :i* are n fully compreh5d$ by ! ,jews1 :o treat !m sup]ficially1 & z if !y 7 9 "s degree ev5 fabul\s4#dd ,& :at absurdity %\ld !re be 9 our sy/em--t is1 ! gospel--hav+ ! law = its f\ndation1 :5 ev5 ! ,"l ,jesus ,himself said to ^? :o w\ld n believe ^u ,him3 8,if ye _h believ$ ,moses1 ye w\ld h believ$ me1 = he wrote ( me4 ,b if ye d n believe 8 writ+s1 h[ %all ye believe my words80#de ,nay1 ev5 "o ( ! evangeli/s--,m>k--says3 8,! beg9n+ ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z x is writt5 9 ! prophet ,isaiah1 ,behold1 ,i s5d my mess5g] be=e ,?y face1 :o %all prep>e ,?y way be=e ,!e10#df :i* %[s t ! beg9n+ ( ! gospel is connect$ ) ! ,jewi% writ+s4 ,:at =ce1 !n1 is !re 9 ! objection ( ! ,jew ( ,celsus1 t 8if any "o pr$ict$ to u t ! ,son ( ,god 0 to visit mank9d1 he 0 "o ( our prophets1 & ! prophet ( our ,god80 ,or h[ is x a *>ge aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 t ,john1 :o baptiz$ ,jesus1 0 a ,jew8 ,= al?\gh ,he 0 a ,jew1 x does n foll[ t e believ]1 :e!r a conv]t f hea!nism or f ,judaism1 mu/ yield a lit]al ob$i5ce to ! law ( ,moses4 ,footnote #dc3 ,rom4 xvi4 #be4 ,footnote #dd3 4 ,footnote #de3 ,john v4 #df1 #dg4 ,footnote #df3 ,m>k i4 #a1 #b4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,aft] ^! matt]s1 al?\gh ,celsus becomes tautological 9 8 /atem5ts ab\t ,jesus1 repeat+ = ! second "t t 8he 0 puni%$ by ! ,jews = 8 crimes10 we %all n aga9 take up ! def5ce1 be+ satisfi$ ) :at we h already said4 ,b1 9 ! next place1 z ?is ,jew ( 8 disp>ages ! doctr9e reg>d+ ! resurrection ( ! dead1 & ! div9e judgm5t1 & ( ! rew>ds to be be/[$ ^u ! j1 & ( ! fire :i* is to dev\r ! wick$1 z be+ /ale#dg op9ions1 & ?9ks t he w ov]?r[ ,*ri/ianity by ass]t+ t !re is no?+ new 9 its tea*+ ^u ^! po9ts1 we h to say to him1 t our ,"l1 see+ ! conduct ( ! ,jews n to be at all 9 keep+ ) ! tea*+ ( ! prophets1 inculcat$ by a p>able t ! k+dom ( ,god w\ld be tak5 f !m1 & giv5 to ! conv]ts f hea!nism4 ,= :i* reason1 n[1 we may also see ( a tru? t all ! doctr9es ( ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day are m]e trifles & fables1#dh s9ce !y h n ! light t proce$s f ! k ( ! ,scriptures2 :]eas ^? ( ! ,*ri/ians are ! tru?1 hav+ p[] to raise & elevate ! s\l & und]/&+ ( man1 & to p]suade him to seek a citiz5%ip1 n l ! e>?ly#di ,jews "h bel[1 b 9 heav54 ,& ?is result %[s itself among ^? :o are able to see ! gr&eur ( ! ideas conta9$ 9 ! law & ! prophets1 & :o are able to comm5d !m to o!rs4 ,footnote #dg3 4 ,footnote #dh3 4 ,footnote #di3 4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,b let x be grant$ t ,jesus obs]v$ all ! ,jewi% usages1 includ+ ev5 _! sacrificial obs]vances1 :at does t avail to prev5t our recognis+ ,him z ! ,son ( ,god8 ,jesus1 !n1 is ! ,son ( ,god1 :o gave ! law & ! prophets2 & we1 :o belong to ! *ur*1 d n transgress ! law1 b h escap$ ! my?ologiz+s#ej ( ! ,jews1 & h our m9ds *a/5$ & educat$ by ! my/ical contemplation ( ! law & ! prophets4 ,= ! prophets !mselves1 z n re/+ ! s5se ( ^! words 9 ! pla9 hi/ory :i* !y relate1 nor 9 ! legal enactm5ts tak5 accord+ to ! ^w & lett]1 express !mselves some:]e1 :5 ab\t to relate hi/ories1 9 words l ?is1 8,i w op5 my m\? 9 p>ables1 ,i w utt] h>d say+s ( old20#ea & 9 ano!r place1 :5 (f]+ up a pray] reg>d+ ! law z be+ obscure1 & ne$+ div9e help = its compreh5sion1 !y (f] up ?is pray]1 8,op5 ,?\ m9e eyes1 t ,i may behold wondr\s ?+s out ( ,?y law40#eb ,footnote #ej3 4 ,footnote #ea3 ,ps4 lxxvii4 #b4 ,footnote #eb3 ,ps4 cxix4 #ah4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,moreov]1 let !m %[ :]e !re is to be f\nd ev5 ! appe>ance ( language dictat$ by arrogance1#ec & proce$+ f ,jesus4 ,= h[ c\ld an arrogant man ?us express himself1 8,le>n ( me1 = ,i am meek & l[ly ( he>t1 & y %all f9d re/ = y\r s\ls80#ed or h[ c ,he be /yl$ arrogant1 :o aft] supp] laid aside ,8 g>m5ts 9 ! pres5ce ( ,8 disciples1 &1 aft] gird+ ,himself ) a t[el1 & p\r+ wat] into a bas91 proce$$ to wa% ! feet ( ea* disciple1 & rebuk$ him :o 0 unwill+ to all[ !m to be wa%$1 ) ! words1 8,except ,i wa% !e1 ?\ ha/ no "p ) me80#ee ,or h[ c\ld ,he be call$ su* :o said1 8,i 0 among/ y1 n z he t sitte? at meat1 b z he t s]ve?80#ef ,& let any "o %[ :at 7 ! falsehoods :i* ,he utt]$1 & let him po9t out :at are great & :at are small falsehoods1 t he may prove ,jesus to h be5 guilty ( ! =m]4 ,& !re is yet ano!r way 9 :i* we may confute him4 ,= z "o falsehood is n less or m false ?an ano!r1 s "o tru? is n less or m true ?an ano!r4 ,& :at *>ges ( impiety he has to br+ aga9/ ,jesus1 let ! ,jew ( ,celsus especially br+ =w>d4 ,0 x impi\s to ab/a9 f corporeal circumcision1 & f a lit]al ,sabba?1 & lit]al fe/ivals1 & lit]al new moons1 & f clean & unclean meats1 & to turn ! m9d to ! good & true & spiritual law ( ,god1 :ile at ! same "t he :o 0 an ambassador = ,*ri/ knew h[ to become to ! ,jews z a ,jew1 t he might ga9 ! ,jews1 & to ^? :o are "u ! law1 z "u ! law1 t he might ga9 ^? :o are "u ! law8 ,footnote #ec3 4 ,footnote #ed3 ,matt4 xi4 #bi4 ,footnote #ee3 ,john xvi4 #d4 ,footnote #ef3 ,luke xxii4 #bg4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,he says1 fur!r1 t 8_m o!r p]sons w\ld appe> su* z ,jesus 01 to ^? :o 7 will+ to be deceiv$40 ,let ?is ,jew ( ,celsus !n %[ u1 n _m p]sons1 nor ev5 a few1 b a s+le individual1 su* z ,jesus 01 introduc+ among ! human race1 ) ! p[] t 0 manife/$ 9 ,him1 a sy/em ( doctr9e & op9ions b5eficial to human life1 & :i* conv]ts m5 f ! practice ( wick$ness4 ,he says1 moreov]1 t ?is *>ge is br\ght aga9/ ! ,jews by ! ,*ri/ian conv]ts1 t !y h n believ$ 9 ,jesus z 9 ,god4 ,n[ on ?is po9t we h1 9 ! prec$+ pages1 (f]$ a prelim9>y def5ce1 %[+ at ! same "t 9 :at respects we und]/& ,him to be ,god1 & 9 :at we take ,him to be man4 8,h[ %\ld we10 he cont9ues1 8:o h made kn[n to all m5 t !re is to come f ,god "o :o is to puni% ! wick$1 treat him ) disreg>d :5 he came80 ,& to ?is1 z an exce$+ly silly argum5t1 x does n seem to me reasonable to (f] any answ]4 ,x is z if "s "o 7 to say1 8,h[ c\ld we1 :o tea* temp]ance1 commit any act ( lic5ti\sness8 or we1 :o are ambassadors = righte\sness1 be guilty ( any wick$ness80 ,= z ^! inconsi/5cies are f\nd among m51 s1 to say t !y believ$ ! prophets :5 speak+ ( ! future adv5t ( ,*ri/1 & yet refus$ _! belief to ,him :5 ,he came1 agreeably to prophetic /atem5t1 0 q 9 keep+ ) human nature4 ,& s9ce we mu/ add ano!r reason1 we %all rem>k t ?is v result 0 =etold by ! prophets4 ,isaiah di/9ctly decl>es3 8,he>+ ye %all he>1 & %all n und]/&2 & see+ ye %all see1 & %all n p]ceive3 = ! he>t ( ?is p has become fat10#eg etc4 ,& let !m expla9 :y x 0 pr$ict$ to ! ,jews1 t al?\gh !y bo? he>d & saw1 !y w\ld n und]/& :at 0 said1 nor p]ceive :at 0 se5 z !y ought4 ,= x is inde$ manife/1 t :5 !y beheld ,jesus !y did n see :o ,he 02 & :5 !y he>d ,him1 !y did n und]/& f ,8 words ! div9ity t 0 9 ,him1 & :i* transf]r$ ,god's provid5tial c>e1 hi!rto ex]cis$ ov] ! ,jews1 to ,8 conv]ts f ! hea!n4 ,!re=e we may see1 t aft] ! adv5t ( ,jesus ! ,jews 7 altoge!r ab&on$1 & possess n[ none ( :at 7 consid]$ _! anci5t glories1 s t !re is no indication ( any ,div9ity abid+ among/ !m4 ,= !y h no long] prophets nor miracles1 traces ( :i* to a consid]able ext5t are /ill f\nd among ,*ri/ians1 & "s ( !m m rem>kable ?an any t exi/$ among ! ,jews2 & ^! we ourselves h witness$1 if our te/imony may be receiv$4 ,b ! ,jew ( ,celsus exclaims3 8,:y did we treat him1 :om we ann\nc$ be=eh&1 ) di%on\r8 ,0 x t we might be *a/is$ m ?an o!rs80 ,to :i* we h to answ]1 t on acc\nt ( _! unbelief1 & ! o!r insults :i* !y heap$ ^u ,jesus1 ! ,jews w n only suff] m ?an o!rs 9 t judgm5t :i* is believ$ to imp5d ov] ! _w1 b h ev5 already endur$ su* suff]+s4 ,= :at nation is an exile f _! own metropolis1 & f ! place sacr$ to ! wor%ip ( _! fa!rs1 save ! ,jews alone8 ,& ^! calamities !y h suff]$1 because !y 7 a mo/ wick$ nation1 :i*1 al?\gh guilty ( _m o!r s9s1 yet has be5 puni%$ s sev]ely = none1 z = ^? t 7 committ$ aga9/ our ,jesus4 ,footnote #eg3 ,isa4 vi4 #i4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,jew cont9ues 8 disc\rse ?us3 8,h[ %\ld we deem him to be a ,god1 :o n only 9 o!r respects1 z 0 curr5tly report$1 p]=m$ none ( 8 promises1 b :o also1 aft] we _h convict$ him1 & condemn$ him z des]v+ ( puni%m5t1 0 f\nd attempt+ to conceal himself1 & endeav\r+ to escape 9 a mo/ disgraceful mann]1 & :o 0 betray$ by ^? :om he call$ disciples8 ,& yet10 he cont9ues1 8he :o 0 a ,god c\ld nei!r flee nor be l$ away a prison]2 & lea/ ( all c\ld he be des]t$ & deliv]$ up by ^? :o _h be5 8 associates1 & _h %>$ all ?+s 9 common1 & _h _h him = _! tea*]1 :o 0 deem$ to be a ,savi\r1 & a ,son ( ! greate/ ,god1 & an angel40 ,to :i* we reply1 t ev5 we d n suppose ! body ( ,jesus1 :i* 0 !n an object ( sight & p]ception1 to h be5 ,god4 ,& :y d ,i say ,8 body8 ,nay1 n ev5 ,8 s\l1 ( :i* x is relat$1 8,my s\l is exce$+ sorr[ful1 ev5 unto dea?40#eh ,b z1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% mann] ( speak+1 8,i am ! ,"l1 ! ,god ( all fle%10 &1 8,be=e me !re 0 no ,god =m$1 nei!r %all !re be aft] me10 ,god is believ$ to be ,he :o employs ! s\l & body ( ! prophet z an in/rum5t2 & z1 accord+ to ! ,greeks1 he :o says1 8,i "k bo? ! numb] ( ! s&1 & ! measures ( ! sea1 ,& ,i und]/& a dumb man1 & he> him :o does n speak10#ei is consid]$ to be a god :5 speak+1 & mak+ himself he>d ?r\gh ! ,py?ian prie/ess2 s1 accord+ to our view1 x 0 ! ,logos ,god1 & ,son ( ! ,god ( all ?+s1 :o spake 9 ,jesus ^! words1 8,i am ! way1 & ! tru?1 & ! life20 & ^!1 8,i am ! door20 & ^!1 8,i am ! liv+ bread t came d[n f heav520 & o!r expressions simil> to ^!4 ,we !re=e *>ge ! ,jews ) n ackn[l$g+ ,him to be ,god1 to :om te/imony 0 borne 9 _m passages by ! prophets1 to ! effect t ,he 0 a mighty p[]1 & a ,god next to#fj ! ,god & ,fa!r ( all ?+s4 ,= we ass]t t x 0 to ,him ! ,fa!r gave ! comm&1 :5 9 ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation ,he utt]$ ! words1 8,let !re be light10 & 8,let !re be a firmam5t10 & gave ! injunctions ) reg>d to ^? o!r creative acts :i* 7 p]=m$2 & t to ,him also 7 address$ ! words1 8,let u make man 9 our own image & lik5ess20 & t ! ,logos1 :5 comm&$1 obey$ all ! ,fa!r's w4 ,& we make ^! /atem5ts n f our own conjectures1 b because we believe ! prophecies circulat$ among ! ,jews1 9 :i* x is said ( ,god1 & ( ! works ( creation1 9 express words1 z foll[s3 8,he spake1 & !y 7 made2 ,he comm&$1 & !y 7 creat$40#fa ,n[ if ,god gave ! comm&1 & ! creatures 7 =m$1 :o1 accord+ to ! view ( ! _s ( prophecy1 c\ld he be t 0 able to c>ry out su* comm&s ( ! ,fa!r1 save ,him :o1 s to speak1 is ! liv+ ,logos & ! ,tru?8 ,& t ! ,gospels d n consid] him :o 9 ,jesus said ^! words1 8,i am ! way1 & ! tru?1 & ! life10 to h be5 ( s circumscrib$ a nature1#fb z to h an exi/5ce n[h]e out ( ! s\l & body ( ,jesus1 is evid5t bo? f _m consid]ations1 & f a few in/ances ( ! foll[+ k9d :i* we %all quote4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 :5 pr$ict+ t ! ,son ( ,god 0 to appe> imm$iately1 n 9 t body & s\l1 b z manife/+ ,himself ev]y:]e1 says reg>d+ ,him3 8,!re /&s 9 ! mid/ ( y ,"o :om ye "k n1 :o come? aft] me40#fc ,= if he _h ?\ght t ! ,son ( ,god 0 only !re1 :]e 0 ! visible body ( ,jesus1 h[ c\ld he h said1 8,!re /&s 9 ! mid/ ( y ,"o :om ye "k n80 ,& ,jesus ,himself1 9 rais+ ! m9ds ( ,8 disciples to high] ?\ghts ( ! ,son ( ,god1 says3 8,:]e two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r 9 my "n1 !re am ,i 9 ! mid/ ( y40#fd ,& ( ! same nature is ,8 promise to ,8 disciples3 8,lo1 ,i am ) y alway1 ev5 to ! end ( ! _w40#fe ,& we quote ^! passages1 mak+ no di/9ction betwe5 ! ,son ( ,god & ,jesus4 ,= ! s\l & body ( ,jesus =m$1 aft] ! 1 "o be+ ) ! ,logos ( ,god4 ,n[ if1 accord+ to ,paul's tea*+1 8he t is jo9$ unto ! ,"l is "o _s10#ff e "o :o und]/&s :at be+ jo9$ to ! ,"l is1 & :o has be5 actually jo9$ to ,him1 is "o _s ) ! ,"l2 h[ %\ld n t be+ be "o 9 a f> great] & m div9e degree1 :i* 0 once unit$ ) ! ,logos ( ,god8#fg ,he1 inde$1 manife/$ ,himself among ! ,jews z ! p[] ( ,god1 by ! miracles :i* ,he p]=m$1 :i* ,celsus suspect$ 7 accompli%$ by sorc]y1 b :i* by ! ,jews ( t "t 7 attribut$1 ,i "k n :y1 to ,beelzebub1 9 ! words3 8,he ca/e? out devils ?r\gh ,beelzebub1 ! pr9ce ( ! devils40#fh ,b ^! our ,savi\r convict$ ( utt]+ ! greate/ absurdities1 f ! fact t ! k+dom ( evil 0 n yet come to an end4 ,& ?is w be evid5t to all intellig5t read]s ( ! ,gospel n>rative1 :i* x is n n[ ! "t to expla94 ,footnote #eh3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ch4 ,footnote #ei3 ,h]odot4 b4 i4 #dg4 ,footnote #fj3 4 8,ex m5te ,orig5is1 inquit ,boh]ellus1 v]t5dum #8,secundo po/ univ]si ,deum atque p>5tem loco2' non cum int]prete ,gel5io1 #8,ipsius r]um univ]s>um ,dei atque ,p>5tis te/imonio4' ,nam si hic esset s5sus1 fru/ra po/ 1 add]etur 4 ,prt]ea1 hc epi!ta1 1 manife/am cont95t anti!s9 ad i/a1 1 ut ,pat] supra ,filium evehatur1 quemadmodum evehitur ab ,orig5e infra libro octavo1 num4 #ae4 1 1 inf]iorem ord9em d5otantis exempla aff]re sup]s$eo1 cum obvia s9t40--,,ru,,u4 ,footnote #fa3 ,ps4 cxlviii4 #e4 ,footnote #fb3 4 ,footnote #fc3 ,john i4 #bf4 ,footnote #fd3 ,matt4 xviii4 #bj4 ,footnote #fe3 ,matt4 xxviii4 #bj4 ,footnote #ff3 #a ,cor4 vi4 #af4 ,footnote #fg3 1 8 1 0 1 1 2 ,footnote #fh3 ,matt4 xii4 #bd4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,b :at promise did ,jesus make :i* ,he did n p]=m8 ,let ,celsus produce any in/ance ( su*1 & make good 8 *>ge4 ,b he w be unable to d s1 especially s9ce x is f mi/akes1 aris+ ei!r f misappreh5sion ( ! ,gospel n>ratives1 or f ,jewi% /ories1 t he ?9ks to d]ive ! *>ges :i* he br+s aga9/ ,jesus or aga9/ ourselves4 ,moreov]1 aga91 :5 ! ,jew says1 8,we bo? f\nd him guilty1 & condemn$ him z des]v+ ( dea?10 let !m %[ h[ !y :o s\ght to concoct false witness aga9/ ,him prov$ ,him to be guilty4 ,0 n ! great *>ge aga9/ ,jesus1 :i* ,8 accus]s br\ght =w>d1 ?is1 t ,he said1 8,i am able to de/roy ! temple ( ,god1 & aft] ?ree days to raise x up aga980#fi ,b 9 s say+1 ,he spake ( ! temple ( ,8 body2 :ile !y ?\ght1 n be+ able to und]/& ! mean+ ( ! speak]1 t ,8 ref]5ce 0 to ! temple ( /one1 :i* 0 treat$ by ! ,jews ) great] respect ?an ,he 0 :o ought to h be5 hon\r$ z ! true ,temple ( ,god--! ,^w1 & ! ,wisdom1 & ! ,tru?4 ,& :o c say t 8,jesus attempt$ to make ,8 escape by disgracefully conceal+ ,himself80 ,let any "o po9t to an act des]v+ to be call$ disgraceful4 ,& :5 he adds1 8he 0 tak5 prison]10 ,i w\ld say t1 if to be tak5 prison] implies an act done aga9/ "o's w1 !n ,jesus 0 n tak5 prison]2 = at ! fitt+ "t ,he did n prev5t ,himself fall+ into ! h&s ( m51 z ! ,lamb ( ,god1 t ,he might take away ! s9 ( ! _w4 ,=1 kn[+ all ?+s t 7 to come ^u ,him1 ,he w5t =?1 & said to !m1 8,:om seek ye80 & !y answ]$1 8,jesus ( ,naz>e?20 & ,he said unto !m1 8,i am ,he40 ,& ,judas also1 :o betray$ ,him1 0 /&+ ) !m4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,he _h said to !m1 8,i am ,he10 !y w5t backw>ds & fell to ! gr\nd4 ,aga9 ,he ask$ !m1 8,:om seek ye80 & !y said aga91 8,jesus ( ,naz>e?40 ,jesus said to !m1 8,i told y ,i am ,he2 if !n ye seek me1 let ^! g away40#gj ,nay1 ev5 to him :o wi%$ to help ,him1 & :o smote ! high prie/'s s]vant1 & cut (f 8 e>1 ,he said3 8,put up ?y sword into its %ea?3 = all !y :o draw ! sword %all p]i% by ! sword4 ,?9ke/ ?\ t ,i _c ev5 n[ pray to my ,fa!r1 & ,he w pres5tly give me m ?an twelve legions ( angels8 ,b h[ !n %\ld ! ,scriptures be fulfill$1 t ?us x mu/ be80#ga ,& if any "o imag9es ^! /atem5ts to be inv5tions ( ! writ]s ( ! ,gospels1 :y %\ld n ^? /atem5ts r be reg>d$ z inv5tions :i* proce$$ f a _s ( hatr$ & ho/ility aga9/ ,jesus & ! ,*ri/ians8 & ^! ! tru?1 :i* proce$ f ^? :o manife/ ! s9c]ity ( _! feel+s t[>ds ,jesus1 by endur+ ev]y?+1 :atev] x may be1 = ! sake ( ,8 words8 ,= ! reception by ! disciples ( su* p[] ( endurance & resolution cont9u$ ev5 to dea?1 ) a disposition ( m9d t w\ld n inv5t reg>d+ _! ,tea*] :at 0 n true1 is a v evid5t pro( to all c&id judges t !y 7 fully p]suad$ ( ! tru? ( :at !y wrote1 see+ !y submitt$ to trials s num]\s & s sev]e1 = ! sake ( ,him :om !y believ$ to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,footnote #fi3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #fa4 ,footnote #gj3 ,john xviii4 #d sqq4 ,footnote #ga3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #eb-ed4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,9 ! next place1 t ,he 0 betray$ by ^? :om ,he call$ ,8 disciples1 is a circum/ance :i* ! ,jew ( ,celsus le>n$ f ! ,gospels2 call+ ! "o ,judas1 h[ev]1 8_m disciples10 t he might seem to add =ce to ! accusation4 ,nor did he tr\ble himself to take note ( all t is relat$ conc]n+ ,judas2 h[ ?is ,judas1 hav+ come to ent]ta9 opposite & conflict+ op9ions reg>d+ 8 ,ma/]1 nei!r oppos$ ,him ) 8 :ole s\l1 nor yet ) 8 :ole s\l pres]v$ ! respect due by a pupil to 8 tea*]4 ,= he t betray$ ,him gave to ! multitude t came to appreh5d ,jesus1 a sign1 say+1 8,:omsoev] ,i %all kiss1 x is he2 seize ye him10--reta9+ /ill "s elem5t ( respect = 8 ,ma/]3 = unless he _h done s1 he w\ld h betray$ ,him1 ev5 publicly1 )\t any pret5ce ( affection4 ,?is circum/ance1 !re=e1 w satisfy all ) reg>d to ! purpose ( ,judas1 t along ) 8 covet\s disposition1 & 8 wick$ design to betray 8 ,ma/]1 he _h /ill a feel+ ( a mix$ "* 9 8 m9d1 produc$ 9 him by ! words ( ,jesus1 :i* _h ! appe>ance 7s to speak7 ( "s remnant ( good4 ,= x is relat$ t1 8:5 ,judas1 :o betray$ ,him1 knew t ,he 0 condemn$1 he rep5t$1 & br\ght back ! ?irty pieces ( silv] to ! high prie/ & eld]s1 say+1 ,i h s9n$1 9 t ,i h betray$ ! innoc5t blood4 ,b !y said1 ,:at is t to u8 see ?\ to t20#gb--;& t1 hav+ ?r[n ! money d[n 9 ! temple1 he dep>t$1 & w5t & hang$ himself4 ,b if ?is covet\s ,judas1 :o also /ole ! money plac$ 9 ! bag = ! relief ( ! poor1 rep5t$1 & br\ght back ! ?irty pieces ( silv] to ! *ief prie/s & eld]s1 x is cle> t ! in/ructions ( ,jesus _h be5 able to produce "s feel+ ( rep5tance 9 8 m9d1 & 7 n altoge!r despis$ & loa!d by ?is traitor4 ,nay1 ! decl>ation1 8,i h s9n$1 9 t ,i h betray$ ! innoc5t blood10 0 a public ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 crime4 ,obs]ve1 also1 h[ exce$+ly passionate#gc 0 ! sorr[ = 8 s9s t proce$$ f t rep5tance1 & :i* w\ld n suff] him any long] to live2 & h[1 aft] he _h ca/ ! money d[n 9 ! temple1 he )drew1 & w5t away & hang$ himself3 = he pass$ s5t5ce ^u himself1 %[+ :at a p[] ! tea*+ ( ,jesus _h ov] ?is s9n] ,judas1 ?is ?ief & traitor1 :o c\ld n always treat ) contempt :at he _h le>n$ f ,jesus4 ,w ,celsus & 8 fri5ds n[ say t ^? pro(s :i* %[ t ! apo/asy ( ,judas 0 n a complete apo/asy1 ev5 aft] 8 attempts aga9/ 8 ,ma/]1 are inv5tions1 & t ?is alone is true1 viz4 t "o ( ,8 disciples betray$ ,him2 & w !y add to ! scriptural acc\nt t he betray$ ,him also ) 8 :ole he>t8 ,to act 9 ?is _s ( ho/ility ) ! same writ+s1 bo? z to :at we are to believe & :at we are n to believe1 is absurd4#gd ,& if we mu/ make a /atem5t reg>d+ ,judas :i* may ov]:elm our oppon5ts ) %ame1 we w\ld say t1 9 ! book ( ,psalms1 ! :ole ( ! #ajh? conta9s a prophecy ab\t ,judas1 ! beg9n+ ( :i* is ?is3 8,o ,god1 hold n ,?y peace be=e my praise2 = ! m\? ( ! s9n]1 & ! m\? ( ! crafty man1 are op5$ aga9/ me40#ge ,& x is pr$ict$ 9 ?is psalm1 bo? t ,judas sep>at$ himself f ! numb] ( ! apo/les on acc\nt ( 8 s9s1 & t ano!r 0 select$ 9 8 place2 & ?is is %[n by ! words3 8,& 8 bi%opric let ano!r take40#gf ,b suppose n[ t ,he _h be5 betray$ by "s "o ( ,8 disciples1 :o 0 possess$ by a worse _s ?an ,judas1 & :o _h completely p\r$ out1 z x 71 all ! words :i* he _h he>d f ,jesus1 :at w\ld ?is contribute to an accusation aga9/ ,jesus or ! ,*ri/ian religion8 ,& h[ w ?is demon/rate its doctr9e to be false8 ,we h repli$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] to ! /atem5ts :i* foll[ ?is1 %[+ t ,jesus 0 n tak5 prison] :5 attempt+ to flee1 b t ,he gave ,himself up volunt>ily = ! sake ( u all4 ,:5ce x foll[s1 t ev5 if ,he 7 b\nd1 ,he 0 b\nd agreeably to ,8 own w2 ?us tea*+ u ! lesson t we %\ld und]take simil> ?+s = ! sake ( religion 9 no _s ( unwill+ness4 ,footnote #gb3 ,matt4 xxvii4 #c-e4 ,footnote #gc3 4 ,footnote #gd3 4 ,footnote #ge3 ,ps4 cix4 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #gf3 ,ps4 cix4 #h4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,& ! foll[+ appe> to me to be *ildi% ass]tions1 viz4 t 8no good g5]al & lead] ( great multitudes 0 ev] betray$2 nor ev5 a wick$ capta9 ( robb]s & comm&] ( v wick$ m51 :o seem$ to be ( any use to 8 associates2 b ,jesus1 hav+ be5 betray$ by 8 subord9ates1 nei!r gov]n$ l a good g5]al1 nor1 aft] deceiv+ 8 disciples1 produc$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! victims ( 8 deceit t feel+ ( good-w :i*1 s to speak1 w\ld be manife/$ t[>ds a brig& *ief40 ,n[ "o might f9d _m acc\nts ( g5]als :o 7 betray$ by _! own soldi]s1 & ( robb] *iefs :o 7 captur$ ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ^? :o did n keep _! b>ga9s ) !m4 ,b grant t no g5]al or robb] *ief 0 ev] betray$1 :at does t contribute to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! fact z a *>ge aga9/ ,jesus1 t "o ( ,8 disciples became ,8 betray]8 ,& s9ce ,celsus makes an o/5tati\s exhibition ( philosophy1 ,i w\ld ask ( him1 ,if1 !n1 x 0 a *>ge aga9/ ,plato1 t ,ari/otle1 aft] be+ 8 pupil = tw5ty ye>s1 w5t away & assail$ 8 doctr9e ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & /yl$ ! ideas ( ,plato ! m]e/ trifl+8#gg ,& if ,i 7 /ill 9 d\bt1 ,i w\ld cont9ue ?us3 ,0 ,plato no long] mighty 9 dialectics1 nor able to def5d 8 views1 aft] ,ari/otle _h tak5 8 dep>ture2 &1 on t acc\nt1 are ! op9ions ( ,plato false8 ,or may x n be1 t :ile ,plato is true1 z ! pupils ( 8 philosophy w\ld ma9ta91 ,ari/otle 0 guilty ( wick$ness & +ratitude t[>ds 8 tea*]8 ,nay1 ,*rysippus also1 9 _m places ( 8 writ+s1 appe>s to assail ,clean!s1 introduc+ novel op9ions oppos$ to 8 views1 al?\gh ! latt] _h be5 8 tea*] :5 he 0 a "y man1 & began ! /udy ( philosophy4 ,ari/otle1 inde$1 is said to h be5 ,plato's pupil = tw5ty ye>s1 & no inconsid]able p]iod 0 sp5t by ,*rysippus 9 ! s*ool ( ,clean!s2 :ile ,judas did n rema9 s mu* z ?ree ye>s ) ,jesus4 ,b f ! n>ratives ( ! lives ( philosoph]s we might take _m in/ances simil> to ^? on :i* ,celsus f\nds a *>ge aga9/ ,jesus on acc\nt ( ,judas4 ,ev5 ! ,py?agoreans erect$ c5otaphs#gh to ^? :o1 aft] betak+ !mselves to philosophy1 fell back aga9 into _! ignorant mode ( life2 & yet nei!r 0 ,py?agoras nor 8 foll[]s1 on t acc\nt1 weak 9 argum5t & demon/ration4 ,footnote #gg3 4 ,footnote #gh3 ,cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 v4 c4 ix4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,?is ,jew ( ,celsus cont9ues1 aft] ! above1 9 ! foll[+ fa%ion3 8,al?\gh he c\ld /ate _m ?+s reg>d+ ! ev5ts ( ! life ( ,jesus :i* are true1 & n l ^? :i* are record$ by ! disciples1 he will+ly omits !m40 ,:at1 !n1 are ^? true /atem5ts1 unlike ! acc\nts 9 ! ,gospels1 :i* ! ,jew ( ,celsus passes by )\t m5tion8 ,or is he only employ+ :at appe>s to be a figure ( spee*1#gi 9 pret5d+ to h some?+ to say1 :ile 9 reality he _h no?+ to produce beyond ! ,gospel n>rative :i* c\ld impress ! he>] ) a feel+ ( its tru?1 & furni% a cle> gr\nd ( accusation aga9/ ,jesus & ,8 doctr9e8 ,& he *>ges ! disciples ) hav+ inv5t$ ! /atem5t t ,jesus =eknew & =etold all t happ5$ to ,him2 b ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t we %all e/abli%1 al?\gh ,celsus may n l x1 by means ( _m o!r pr$ictions utt]$ by ! ,savi\r1 9 :i* ,he =etold :at w\ld befall ! ,*ri/ians 9 aft] g5]ations4 ,& :o is !re :o w\ld n be a/oni%$ at ?is pr$iction3 8,ye %all be br\ght be=e gov]nors & k+s = my sake1 = a te/imony aga9/ !m & ! ,g5tiles20#hj & at any o!rs :i* ,he may h deliv]$ respect+ ! future p]secution ( ,8 disciples8 ,= :at sy/em ( op9ions ev] exi/$ among m5 on acc\nt ( :i* o!rs are puni%$1 s t any "o ( ! accus]s ( ,jesus c\ld say t1 =esee+ ! impiety or falsity ( 8 op9ions to be ! gr\nd ( an accusation aga9/ !m1 he ?\ght t ?is w\ld r$\nd to 8 cr$it1 t he _h s pr$ict$ reg>d+ x long be=e8 ,n[ if any des]ve to be br\ght1 on acc\nt ( _! op9ions1 be=e gov]nors & k+s1 :at o!rs are !y1 save ! ,epicureans1 :o altoge!r d5y ! exi/5ce ( provid5ce8 ,& also ! ,p]ipatetics1 :o say t pray]s are ( no avail1 & sacrifices (f]$ z to ! ,div9ity8 ,b "s "o w say t ! ,sam>itans suff] p]secution because ( _! religion4 ,9 answ] to :om we %all /ate t ! ,sic>ians1#ha on acc\nt ( ! practice ( circumcision1 z mutilat+ !mselves contr>y to ! e/abli%$ laws & ! cu/oms p]mitt$ to ! ,jews alone1 are put to dea?4 ,& y nev] he> a judge inquir+ :e!r a ,sic>ian :o /rives to live accord+ to ?is e/abli%$ religion ( 8 w be releas$ f puni%m5t if he apo/atizes1 b w be l$ away to dea? if he cont9ues firm2 = ! evid5ce ( ! circumcision is suffici5t to ensure ! dea? ( him :o has und]gone x4 ,b ,*ri/ians alone1 accord+ to ! pr$iction ( _! ,savi\r1 8,ye %all be br\ght be=e gov]nors & k+s = my sake10 are urg$ up to _! la/ brea? by _! judges to d5y ,*ri/ianity1 & to sacrifice accord+ to ! public cu/oms2 & aft] ! oa? ( abjuration1 to return to _! homes1 & to live 9 safety4 ,& obs]ve :e!r x is n ) great au?ority t ?is decl>ation is utt]$3 8,:osoev] !re=e %all confess me be=e m51 him w ,i confess also be=e my ,fa!r :o is 9 heav54 ,& :osoev] %all d5y me be=e m510#hb etc4 ,& g back ) me 9 ?\ght to ,jesus :5 ,he utt]$ ^! words1 & see ,8 pr$ictions n yet accompli%$4 ,p]haps y w say1 9 a _s ( incr$ulity1 t he is talk+ folly1 & speak+ to no purpose1 = 8 words w h no fulfilm5t2 or1 be+ 9 d\bt ab\t ass5t+ to 8 words1 y w say1 t if ^! pr$ictions be fulfill$1 & ! doctr9e ( ,jesus be e/abli%$1 s t gov]nors & k+s ?9k ( de/roy+ ^? :o ackn[l$ge ,jesus1 !n we %all believe t he utt]s ^! prophecies z "o :o has receiv$ great p[] f ,god to implant ?is doctr9e among ! human race1 & z believ+ t x w prevail4 ,& :o w n be fill$ ) wond]1 :5 he goes back 9 ?\ght to ,him :o !n taught & said1 8,?is gospel %all be prea*$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 = a te/imony aga9/ !m & ! ,g5tiles10 & beholds1 agreeably to ,8 words1 ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/ prea*$ 9 ! :ole _w "u heav5 to ,greeks & b>b>ians1 wise & fooli% alike8 ,= ! ^w1 spok5 ) p[]1 has ga9$ ! ma/]y ov] m5 ( all sorts ( nature1 & x is impossible to see any race ( m5 :i* has escap$ accept+ ! tea*+ ( ,jesus4 ,b let ?is ,jew ( ,celsus1 :o does n believe t ,he =eknew all t happ5$ to ,him1 consid] h[1 :ile ,j]usalem 0 /ill /&+1 & ! :ole ,jewi% wor%ip celebrat$ 9 x1 ,jesus =etold :at w\ld befall x f ! h& ( ! ,romans4 ,= !y w n ma9ta9 t ! acqua9tances & pupils ( ,jesus ,himself h&$ d[n ,8 tea*+ conta9$ 9 ! ,gospels )\t committ+ x to writ+1 & left ,8 disciples )\t ! memoirs ( ,jesus conta9$ 9 _! works4 ,n[ 9 ^! x is record$1 t 8:5 ye %all see ,j]usalem compass$ ab\t ) armies1 !n %all ye "k t ! desolation !re( is nigh40#hc ,b at t "t !re 7 no armies ar\nd ,j]usalem1 encompass+ & enclos+ & besieg+ x2 = ! siege began 9 ! reign ( ,n]o1 & la/$ till ! gov]nm5t ( ,vespasian1 ^: son ,titus de/roy$ ,j]usalem1 on acc\nt1 z ,josephus says1 ( ,james ! ,j1 ! bro!r ( ,jesus :o 0 call$ ,*ri/1 b 9 reality1 z ! tru? makes cle>1 on acc\nt ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,footnote #gi3 4 ,footnote #hj3 ,matt4 x4 #ah4 ,footnote #ha3 ,mode/9us1 lib4 vi4 ,regul>um1 ad legem ,corneliam de ,sic>iis3 8,circumcid]e filios suos ,judis tantum rescripto divi ,pii p]mittitur3 9 non ejusdem religionis qui hoc fec]it1 ca/rantis pna irrogatur40 ,footnote #hb3 ,matt4 x4 #ah4 ,footnote #hc3 ,matt4 xxiv4 #ad4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 accept+ or grant+ t ,jesus =eknew :at w\ld befall ,him1 might ?9k to make light ( ! admission1 z he did 9 ! case ( ! miracles1 :5 he alleg$ t !y 7 wr\ght by means ( sorc]y2 = he might say t _m p]sons by means ( div9ation1 ei!r by auspices1 or auguries1 or sacrifices1 or nativities1 h come to ! k ( :at 0 to happ54 ,b ?is concession he w\ld n make1 z be+ too great a "o2 & al?\gh he someh[ grant$ t ,jesus work$ miracles1 he ?\ght to weak5 ! =ce ( ?is by ! *>ge ( sorc]y4 ,n[ ,phlegon1 9 ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? book1 ,i ?9k1 ( 8 ,*ronicles1 n only ascrib$ to ,jesus a k ( future ev5ts 7al?\gh fall+ into confusion ab\t "s ?+s :i* ref] to ,pet]1 z if !y ref]r$ to ,jesus71 b also te/ifi$ t ! result correspond$ to ,8 pr$ictions4 ,s t he also1 by ^! v admissions reg>d+ =ekn[l$ge1 z if aga9/ 8 w1 express$ 8 op9ion t ! doctr9es taught by ! fa!rs ( our sy/em 7 n devoid ( div9e p[]4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,celsus cont9ues3 8,! disciples ( ,jesus1 hav+ no und\bt$ fact on :i* to rely1 devis$ ! fiction t he =eknew ev]y?+ be=e x happ5$20 n obs]v+1 or n wi%+ to obs]ve1 ! love ( tru? :i* actuat$ ! writ]s1 :o ackn[l$g$ t ,jesus _h told ,8 disciples be=eh&1 8,all ye %all be (f5d$ because ( me ?is night10--a /atem5t :i* 0 fulfill$ by _! all be+ (f5d$2 & t ,he pr$ict$ to ,pet]1 8,be=e ! cock cr[1 ?\ %alt d5y me ?rice10 :i* 0 foll[$ by ,pet]'s ?reefold d5ial4 ,n[ if !y _h n be5 lov]s ( tru?1 b1 z ,celsus supposes1 inv5tors ( fictions1 !y w\ld n h repres5t$ ,pet] z d5y+1 nor ,8 disciples z be+ (f5d$4 ,= al?\gh ^! ev5ts actually happ5$1 :o c\ld h prov$ t !y turn$ out 9 t mann]8 ,& yet1 accord+ to all probability1 ^! 7 matt]s :i* ought to h be5 pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce by m5 :o wi%$ to tea* ! read]s ( ! ,gospels to despise dea? = ! sake ( confess+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,b n[1 see+ t ! ^w1 by its p[]1 w ga9 ! ma/]y ov] m51 !y relat$ ^? facts :i* !y h done1 & :i*1 ,i "k n h[1 7 nei!r to d any h>m to _! read]s1 nor to af=d any pretext = d5ial4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,exce$+ly weak is 8 ass]tion1 t 8! disciples ( ,jesus wrote su* acc\nts reg>d+ him1 by way ( ext5uat+ ! *>ges t told aga9/ him3 z if10 he says1 8any "o 7 to say t a c]ta9 p]son 0 a j man1 & yet 7 to %[ t he 0 guilty ( inju/ice2 or t he 0 pi\s1 & yet _h committ$ murd]2 or t he 0 immortal1 & yet 0 dead2 subjo9+ to all ^! /atem5ts ! rem>k t he _h =etold all ^! ?+s40 ,n[ 8 illu/rations are at once se5 to be inappropriate2 = !re is no absurdity 9 ,him :o _h resolv$ t ,he w\ld become a liv+ patt]n to m51 z to ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 to regulate _! lives1 %[+ also h[ !y ought to die = ! sake ( _! religion1 ap>t altoge!r f ! fact t ,8 dea? on behalf ( m5 0 a b5efit to ! :ole _w1 z we prov$ 9 ! prec$+ book4 ,he imag9es1 moreov]1 t ! :ole ( ! confession ( ! ,savi\r's suff]+s confirms 8 objection in/ead ( weak5+ x4 ,= he is n acqua9t$ ei!r ) ! philosophical rem>ks ( ,paul1#hd or ! /atem5ts ( ! prophets1 on ?is subject4 ,& x escap$ him t c]ta9 h]etics h decl>$ t ,jesus und]w5t ,8 suff]+s 9 appe>ance1 n 9 reality4 ,= _h he kn[n1 he w\ld n h said3 8,= ye d n ev5 allege ?is1 t he seem$ to wick$ m5 to suff] ?is puni%m5t1 ?\gh n und]go+ x 9 reality2 b1 on ! contr>y1 ye ackn[l$ge t he op5ly suff]$40 ,b we d n view ,8 suff]+s z hav+ be5 m]ely 9 appe>ance1 9 ord] t ,8 resurrection also may n be a false1 b a real ev5t4 ,= he :o really di$1 actually arose1 if he did arise2 :]eas he :o appe>$ only to h di$1 did n 9 reality arise4 ,b s9ce ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is a subject ( mock]y to unbeliev]s1 we %all quote ! words ( ,plato1#he t ,h]us ! son ( ,arm5ius rose f ! fun]al pile twelve days aft] he _h be5 laid ^u x1 & gave an acc\nt ( :at he _h se5 9 ,hades2 & z we are reply+ to unbeliev]s1 x w n be altoge!r useless to ref] 9 ?is place to :at ,h]aclides#hf relates respect+ ! woman :o 0 depriv$ ( life4 ,& _m p]sons are record$ to h ris5 f _! tombs1 n only on ! day ( _! burial1 b also on ! day foll[+4 ,:at wond] is x1 !n1 if 9 ! case ( "o :o p]=m$ _m m>vell\s ?+s1 bo? beyond ! p[] ( man & ) su* fulness ( evid5ce1 t he :o c\ld n d5y _! p]=mance1 endeav\r$ to calumniate !m by comp>+ !m to acts ( sorc]y1 %\ld h manife/$ also 9 ,8 dea? "s great] display ( div9e p[]1 s t ,8 s\l1 if x pleas$1 might leave its body1 & hav+ p]=m$ c]ta9 (fices out ( x1 might return aga9 at pleasure8 ,& su* a decl>ation is ,jesus said to h made 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john1 :5 ,he said3 8,no man take? my life f me1 b ,i lay x d[n ( myself4 ,i h p[] to lay x d[n1 & ,i h p[] to take x aga940#hg ,& p]haps x 0 on ?is acc\nt t ,he ha/5$ ,8 dep>ture f ! body1 t ,he might pres]ve x1 & t ,8 legs might n be brok51 z 7 ^? ( ! robb]s :o 7 crucifi$ ) ,him4 8,= ! soldi]s broke ! legs ( ! fir/1 & ( ! o!r :o 0 crucifi$ ) ,him2 b :5 !y came to ,jesus1 & saw t ,he 0 dead1 !y brake n ,8 legs40#hh ,we h accord+ly answ]$ ! "q1 8,h[ is x cr$ible t ,jesus c\ld h pr$ict$ ^! ?+s80 ,& ) respect to ?is1 8,h[ c\ld ! dead man be immortal80 let him :o wi%es to und]/& "k1 t x is n ! dead man :o is immortal1 b ,he :o rose f ! dead4 ,s f>1 inde$1 0 ! dead man f be+ immortal1 t ev5 ! ,jesus be=e ,8 decease--! comp\nd be+1 :o 0 to suff] dea?--0 n immortal4#hi ,= no "o is immortal :o is de/9$ to die2 b he is immortal :5 he %all no long] be subject to dea?4 ,b 8,*ri/1 be+ rais$ f ! dead1 die? no m3 dea? ha? no m dom9ion ov] ,him20#ij al?\gh ^? may be unwill+ to admit ?is :o _c und]/& h[ su* ?+s %\ld be said4 ,footnote #hd3 4 ,footnote #he3 ,cf4 ,plato1 de ,rep4 x4 ,footnote #hf3 ,cf4 ,pl94 ,nat4 ,hi/4 vii4 c4 #eb4 ,footnote #hg3 ,john x4 #ah4 ,footnote #hh3 ,john xix4 #eb4 ,footnote #hi3 1 ' ' 1 4 ,footnote #ij3 ,rom4 vi4 #i4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,extremely fooli% also is 8 rem>k1 8,:at ,god1 or _s1 or prud5t man w\ld n1 on =esee+ t su* ev5ts 7 to befall him1 avoid !m if he c\ld2 :]eas he ?rew himself headlong into ^? ?+s :i* he knew be=eh& 7 to happ580 ,& yet ,socrates knew t he w\ld die aft] dr9k+ ! hemlock1 & x 0 9 8 p[]1 if he _h all[$ himself to be p]suad$ by ,crito1 by escap+ f prison1 to avoid ^! calamities2 b nev]!less he decid$1 z x appe>$ to him consi/5t ) "r reason1 t x 0 bett] = him to die z became a philosoph]1 ?an to reta9 8 life 9 a mann] unbecom+ "o4 ,leonidas also1 ! ,lac$emonian g5]al1 kn[+ t he 0 on ! po9t ( dy+ ) 8 foll[]s at ,!rmopyl1 did n make any ef=t to pres]ve 8 life by disgraceful means1 b said to 8 companions1 8,let u g to breakfa/1 z we %all sup 9 ,hades40 ,& ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 collect+ /ories ( ?is k9d1 w f9d numb]s ( !m4 ,n[1 :]e is ! wond] if ,jesus1 kn[+ all ?+s t 7 to happ51 did n avoid !m1 b enc\nt]$ :at ,he =eknew2 :5 ,paul1 ,8 own disciple1 hav+ he>d :at w\ld befall him :5 he w5t up to ,j]usalem1 proce$$ to face ! dang]1 reproa*+ ^? :o 7 weep+ ar\nd him1 & endeav\r+ to prev5t him f go+ up to ,j]usalem8 ,_m also ( our contempor>ies1 kn[+ well t if !y made a confession ( ,*ri/ianity !y w\ld be put to dea?1 b t if !y d5i$ x !y w\ld be lib]at$1 & _! prop]ty re/or$1 despis$ life1 & volunt>ily select$ dea? = ! sake ( _! religion4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,aft] ?is ! ,jew makes ano!r silly rem>k1 say+1 8,h[ is x t1 if ,jesus po9t$ out be=eh& bo? ! traitor & ! p]jur]1 !y did n fe> him z a ,god1 & cease1 ! "o f 8 int5d$ treason1 & ! o!r f 8 p]jury80 ,"h ! le>n$ ,celsus did n see ! contradiction 9 8 /atem5t3 = if ,jesus =eknew ev5ts z a ,god1 !n x 0 impossible = ,8 =ekn[l$ge to prove untrue2 & !re=e x 0 impossible = him :o 0 kn[n to ,him z go+ to betray ,him n to execute 8 purpose1 nor = him :o 0 rebuk$ z go+ to d5y ,him n to h be5 guilty ( t crime4 ,= if x _h be5 possible = ! "o to ab/a9 f ! act ( betrayal1 & ! o!r f t ( d5ial1 z hav+ be5 w>n$ ( ! consequ5ces ( ^! actions be=eh&1 !n ,8 words 7 no long] true1 :o pr$ict$ t ! "o w\ld betray ,him & ! o!r d5y ,him4 ,= if ,he _h =ekn[l$ge ( ! traitor1 ,he knew ! wick$ness 9 :i* ! treason orig9at$1 & ?is wick$ness 0 by no means tak5 away by ! =ekn[l$ge4 ,&1 aga91 if ,he _h asc]ta9$ t "o w\ld d5y ,him1 ,he made t pr$iction f see+ ! weakness out ( :i* t act ( d5ial w\ld arise1 & yet ?is weakness 0 n to be tak5 away ?us at once#ia by ! =ekn[l$ge4 ,b :5ce he d]iv$ ! /atem5t1 8t ^! p]sons betray$ & d5i$ him )\t manife/+ any conc]n ab\t him10 ,i "k n2 = x 0 prov$1 ) respect to ! traitor1 t x is false to say t he betray$ 8 ma/] )\t an exhibition ( anxiety reg>d+ ,him4 ,& ?is 0 %[n to be equally true ( him :o d5i$ ,him2 = he w5t out1 aft] ! d5ial1 & wept bitt]ly4 ,footnote #ia3 4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,sup]ficial also is 8 objection1 t 8x is always ! case :5 a man aga9/ :om a plot is =m$1 & :o comes to ! k ( x1 makes kn[n to ! conspirators t he is acqua9t$ ) _! design1 t ! latt] are turn$ f _! purpose1 & keep ^u _! gu>d40 ,= _m h cont9u$ to plot ev5 aga9/ ^? :o 7 acqua9t$ ) _! plans4 ,& !n1 z if br++ 8 argum5t to a conclusion1 he says3 8,n because ^! ?+s 7 pr$ict$ did !y come to pass1 = t is impossible2 b s9ce !y h come to pass1 _! be+ pr$ict$ is %[n to be a falsehood3 = x is altoge!r impossible t ^? :o he>d be=eh& ( ! discov]y ( _! designs1 %\ld c>ry out _! plans ( betrayal & d5ial60 ,b if 8 premisses are ov]?r[n1 !n 8 conclusion also falls to ! gr\nd1 viz4 8t we are n to believe1 because ^! ?+s 7 pr$ict$1 t !y h come to pass40 ,n[ we ma9ta9 t !y n only came to pass z be+ possible1 b also t1 because !y came to pass1 ! fact ( _! be+ pr$ict$ is %[n to be true2 = ! tru? reg>d+ future ev5ts is judg$ ( by results4 ,x is false1 !re=e1 z ass]t$ by him1 t ! pr$iction ( ^! ev5ts is prov$ to be untrue2 & x is to no purpose t he says1 8,x is altoge!r impossible = ^? :o he>d be=eh& t _! designs 7 discov]$1 to c>ry out _! plans ( betrayal & d5ial40 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,let u see h[ he cont9ues aft] ?is3 8,^! ev5ts10 he says1 8he pr$ict$ z be+ a ,god1 & ! pr$iction mu/ by all means come to pass4 ,god1 !re=e1 :o above all o!rs ought to d good to m51 & especially to ^? ( 8 own h\sehold1 l$ on 8 own disciples & prophets1 ) :om he 0 9 ! habit ( eat+ & dr9k+1 to su* a degree ( wick$ness1 t !y became impi\s & unholy m54 ,n[1 ( a tru?1 he :o %>$ a man's table w\ld n be guilty ( conspir+ aga9/ him2 b aft] banquet+ ) ,god1 he became a conspirator4 ,&1 :at is /ill m absurd1 ,god himself plott$ aga9/ ! memb]s ( 8 own table1 by conv]t+ !m into traitors & villa9s60 ,n[1 s9ce y wi% me to answ] ev5 ^? *>ges ( ,celsus :i* seem to me frivol\s1#ib ! foll[+ is our reply to su* /atem5ts4 ,celsus imag9es t an ev5t1 pr$ict$ ?r\gh =ekn[l$ge1 comes to pass because x 0 pr$ict$2 b we d n grant ?is1 ma9ta9+ t he :o =etold x 0 n ! cause ( its happ5+1 because he =etold x w\ld happ52 b ! future ev5t itself1 :i* w\ld h tak5 place ?\gh n pr$ict$1 af=d$ ! occasion to him1 :o 0 end[$ ) =ekn[l$ge1 ( =etell+ its occurr5ce4 ,n[1 c]ta9ly ?is result is pres5t to ! =ekn[l$ge ( him :o pr$icts an ev5t1 :5 x is possible t x may or may n happ51 viz4 t "o or o!r ( ^! ?+s w take place4 ,= we d n ass]t t he :o =ekn[s an ev5t1 by secretly tak+ away ! possibility ( its happ5+ or n1 makes any su* decl>ation z ?is3 8,?is %all infallibly happ51 & x is impossible t x c be o!rwise40 ,& ?is rem>k applies to all ! =ekn[l$ge ( ev5ts dep5d5t ^u ourselves1 :e!r conta9$ 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures or 9 ! hi/ories ( ! ,greeks4 ,n[1 :at is call$ by logicians an 8idle argum5t10#ic :i* is a sophism1 w be no sophism z f> z ,celsus c help1 b accord+ to s\nd reason+ x is a sophism4 ,& t ?is may be se51 ,i %all take f ! ,scriptures ! pr$ictions reg>d+ ,judas1 or ! =ekn[l$ge ( our ,savi\r reg>d+ him z ! traitor2 & f ! ,greek hi/ories ! oracle t 0 giv5 to ,laius1 conc$+ = ! pres5t its tru?1 s9ce x does n affect ! argum5t4 ,n[1 9 ,ps4 cix41 ,judas is spok5 ( by ! m\? ( ! ,savi\r1 9 words beg9n+ ?us3 8,hold n ,?y peace1 ,o ,god ( my praise2 = ! m\? ( ! wick$ & ! m\? ( ! deceitful are op5$ aga9/ me40 ,n[1 if y c>efully obs]ve ! cont5ts ( ! psalm1 y w f9d t1 z x 0 =ekn[n t he w\ld betray ! ,savi\r1 s also 0 he consid]$ to be himself ! cause ( ! betrayal1 & des]v+1 on acc\nt ( 8 wick$ness1 ( ! imprecations conta9$ 9 ! prophecy4 ,= let him suff] ^! ?+s1 8because10 says ! psalmi/1 8he rememb]$ n to %[ m]cy1 b p]secut$ ! poor & ne$y man40 ,:]e=e x 0 possible = him to %[ m]cy1 & n to p]secute him :om he did p]secute4 ,b al?\gh he might h done ^! ?+s1 he did n d !m1 b c>ri$ out ! act ( treason1 s z to m]it ! curses pron\nc$ aga9/ him 9 ! prophecy4 ,& 9 answ] to ! ,greeks we %all quote ! foll[+ oracul> response to ,laius1 z record$ by ! tragic poet1 ei!r 9 ! exact words ( ! oracle or 9 equival5t t]ms4 ,future ev5ts are ?us made kn[n to him by ! oracle3 8,d n try to beget *ildr5 aga9/ ! w ( ! gods4 ,= if y beget a son1 y\r son %all murd] y2 & all y\r h\sehold %all wade 9 blood40#id ,n[ f ?is x is cle> t x 0 )9 ! p[] ( ,laius n to try to beget *ildr51 = ! oracle w\ld n h comm&$ an impossibility2 & x 0 also 9 8 p[] to d ! opposite1 s t nei!r ( ^! c\rses 0 compulsory4 ,& ! consequ5ce ( 8 n gu>d+ aga9/ ! begett+ ( *ildr5 01 t he suff]$ f s do+ ! calamities describ$ 9 ! trag$ies relat+ to dipus & ,joca/a & _! sons4 ,n[ t :i* is call$ ! 8idle argum5t10 be+ a quibble1 is su* z might be appli$1 say 9 ! case ( a sick man1 ) ! view ( sophi/ically prev5t+ him f employ+ a physician to promote 8 recov]y2 & x is some?+ l ?is3 8,if x is decre$ t y %\ld recov] f y\r disease1 y w recov] :e!r y call 9 a physician or n2 b if x is decre$ t y %\ld n recov]1 y w n recov] :e!r y call 9 a physician or no4 ,b x is c]ta9ly decre$ ei!r t y %\ld recov]1 or t y %\ld n recov]2 & !re=e x is 9 va9 t y call 9 a physician40 ,n[ ) ?is argum5t ! foll[+ may be wittily comp>$3 8,if x is decre$ t y %\ld beget *ildr51 y w beget !m1 :e!r y h int]c\rse ) a woman or n4 ,b if x is decre$ t y %\ld n beget *ildr51 y w n d s1 :e!r y h int]c\rse ) a woman or no4 ,n[1 c]ta9ly1 x is decre$ ei!r t y %\ld beget *ildr5 or n2 !re=e x is 9 va9 t y h int]c\rse ) a woman40 ,=1 z 9 ! latt] in/ance1 int]c\rse ) a woman is n employ$ 9 va91 see+ x is an utt] impossibility = him :o does n use x to beget *ildr52 s1 9 ! =m]1 if recov]y f disease is to be accompli%$ by means ( ! heal+ art1 ( necessity ! physician is summon$1 & x is !re=e false to say t 89 va9 d y call 9 a physician40 ,we h br\ght =w>d all ^! illu/rations on acc\nt ( ! ass]tion ( ?is le>n$ ,celsus1 t 8be+ a ,god he pr$ict$ ^! ?+s1 & ! pr$ictions mu/ by all means come to pass40 ,n[1 if by 8by all means0 he means 8necess>ily10 we _c admit ?is4 ,= x 0 q possible1 also1 t !y might n come to pass4 ,b if he uses 8by all means0 9 ! s5se ( 8simple futurity10#ie :i* no?+ h9d]s f be+ true 7al?\gh x 0 possible t !y might n happ571 he does n at all t\* my argum5t2 nor did x foll[1 f ,jesus hav+ pr$ict$ ! acts ( ! traitor or ! p]jur]1 t x 0 ! same ?+ ) ,8 be+ ! cause ( su* impi\s & unholy proce$+s4 ,= ,he :o 0 among/ u1 & knew :at 0 9 man1 see+ 8 evil disposition1 & =esee+ :at he w\ld attempt f 8 _s ( covet\sness1 & f 8 want ( /able ideas ( duty t[>ds 8 ,ma/]1 along ) _m o!r decl>ations1 gave utt]ance to ?is also3 8,he t dippe? 8 h& ) me 9 ! di%1 ! same %all betray me40#if ,footnote #ib3 4 ,footnote #ic3 4 ,footnote #id3 ,euripid4 ,phniss1 #ah-bj4 ,footnote #ie3 4 ,footnote #if3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #bc4 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,obs]ve also ! sup]ficiality & manife/ falsity ( su* a /atem5t ( ,celsus1 :5 he ass]ts 8t he :o 0 p>tak] ( a man's table w\ld n conspire aga9/ him2 & if he w\ld n conspire aga9/ a man1 mu* less w\ld he plot aga9/ a ,god aft] banquet+ ) him40 ,= :o does n "k t _m p]sons1 aft] p>tak+ ( ! salt on ! table1#ig h ent]$ into a conspiracy aga9/ _! ent]ta9]s8 ,! :ole ( ,greek & b>b>ian hi/ory is full ( su* in/ances4 ,& ! ,iambic poet ( ,p>os1#ih :5 upbraid+ ,lycambes ) hav+ violat$ cov5ants confirm$ by ! salt ( ! table1 says to him3 8,b ?\ ha/ brok5 a mighty oa?--t1 viz41 by ! salt ( ! table40 ,& !y :o are int]e/$ 9 hi/orical le>n+1 & :o give !mselves :olly to x1 to ! neglect ( o!r bran*es ( k m necess>y = ! conduct ( life1#ii c quote num]\s in/ances1 %[+ t !y :o %>$ 9 ! hospitality ( o!rs ent]$ into conspiracies aga9/ !m4 ,footnote #ig3 4 ,footnote #ih3 ,ar*ilo*us4 ,footnote #ii3 ,guietus w\ld expunge ^! words z 8inept40 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,he adds to ?is1 z if he _h br\ght toge!r an argum5t ) conclusive demon/rations & consequ5ces1 ! foll[+3 8,&1 :i* is /ill m absurd1 ,god himself conspir$ aga9/ ^? :o sat at 8 table1 by conv]t+ !m into traitors & impi\s m540 ,b h[ ,jesus c\ld ei!r conspire or conv]t ,8 disciples into traitors or impi\s m51 x w\ld be impossible = him to prove1 save by means ( su* a d$uction z any "o c\ld refute ) ! greate/ ease4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,he cont9ues 9 ?is /ra93 8,if he _h det]m9$ ^u ^! ?+s1 & und]w5t *a/isem5t 9 ob$i5ce to 8 ,fa!r1 x is manife/ t1 be+ a ,god1 & submitt+ volunt>ily1 ^? ?+s t 7 done agreeably to 8 own decision 7 nei!r pa9ful nor di/ress+40 ,b he did n obs]ve t "h he 0 at once contradict+ himself4 ,= if he grant$ t ,he 0 *a/is$ because ,he _h det]m9$ ^u ^! ?+s1 & _h submitt$ ,himself to ,8 ,fa!r1 x is cle> t ,he actually suff]$ puni%m5t1 & x 0 impossible t :at 0 inflict$ on ,him by ,8 *a/is]s %\ld n be pa9ful1 because pa9 is an involunt>y ?+4 ,b if1 because ,he 0 will+ to suff]1 ,8 inflictions 7 nei!r pa9ful nor di/ress+1 h[ did ,he grant t 8,he 0 *a/is$80 ,he did n p]ceive t :5 ,jesus _h once1 by ,8 bir?1 assum$ a body1 ,he assum$ "o :i* 0 capable bo? ( suff]+ pa9s1 & ^? di/resses incid5tal to humanity1 if we are to und]/& by di/resses :at no "o volunt>ily *ooses4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,he volunt>ily assum$ a body1 n :olly ( a diff]5t nature f t ( human fle%1 s along ) ,8 body ,he assum$ also its suff]+s & di/resses1 :i* x 0 n 9 ,8 p[] to avoid endur+1 x be+ 9 ! p[] ( ^? :o inflict$ !m to s5d ^u ,him ?+s di/ress+ & pa9ful4 ,& 9 ! prec$+ pages we h already %[n1 t ,he w\ld n h come into ! h&s ( m5 _h ,he n s will$4 ,b ,he did come1 because ,he 0 will+ to come1 & because x 0 manife/ be=eh& t ,8 dy+ ^u behalf ( m5 w\ld be ( advantage to ! :ole human race4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,aft] ?is1 wi%+ to prove t ! occurr5ces :i* befell ,him 7 pa9ful & di/ress+1 & t x 0 impossible = ,him1 _h ,he wi%$1 to r5d] !m o!rwise1 he proce$s3 8,:y does he m\rn1 & lam5t1 & pray to escape ! fe> ( dea?1 express+ himself 9 t]ms l ^!3 #8,o ,fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me8'0#ajj ,n[ 9 ^! words obs]ve ! malignity ( ,celsus1 h[ n accept+ ! love ( tru? :i* actuates ! writ]s ( ! ,gospels 7:o might h pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce ^? po9ts :i*1 z ,celsus ?9ks1 are c5surable1 b :o did n omit !m = _m reasons1 :i* any "o1 9 exp\nd+ ! ,gospel1 c give 9 _! prop] place71 he br+s an accusation aga9/ ! ,gospel /atem5t1 grossly exagg]at+ ! facts1 & quot+ :at is n writt5 9 ! ,gospels1 see+ x is n[h]e f\nd t ,jesus lam5t$4 ,& he *anges ! words 9 ! expression1 8,fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me10 & does n give :at foll[s imm$iately aft]1 :i* manife/s at once ! ready ob$i5ce ( ,jesus to ,8 ,fa!r1 & ,8 greatness ( m9d1 & :i* runs ?us3 8,nev]!less1 n z ,i w1 b z ,?\ wilt40#aja ,nay1 ev5 ! *e]ful ob$i5ce ( ,jesus to ! w ( ,8 ,fa!r 9 ^? ?+s :i* ,he 0 condemn$ to suff]1 exhibit$ 9 ! decl>ation1 8,if ?is cup _c pass f me except ,i dr9k x1 ,?y w be done10 he pret5ds n to h obs]v$1 act+ "h l ^? wick$ individuals :o li/5 to ! ,holy ,scriptures 9 a malignant _s1 & 8:o talk wick$ness ) l(ty head40 ,= !y appe> to h he>d ! decl>ation1 8,i kill10#ajb & !y (t5 make x to u a subject ( reproa*2 b ! words1 8,i w make alive10 !y d n rememb]1--! :ole s5t5ce %[+ t ^? :o live amid public wick$ness1 & :o "w wick$ly1 are put to dea? by ,god1 & t a bett] life is infus$ into !m in/ead1 ev5 "o :i* ,god w give to ^? :o h di$ to s94 ,& s also ^! m5 h he>d ! words1 8,i w smite20 b !y d n see ^!1 8& ,i w heal10 :i* are l ! words ( a physician1 :o cuts bodies asund]1 & inflicts sev]e w\nds1 9 ord] to extract f !m sub/ances t are injuri\s & prejudicial to heal?1 & :o does n t]m9ate 8 "w ) pa9s & lac]ations1 b by 8 treatm5t re/ores ! body to t /ate ( s\ndness :i* he has 9 view4 ,moreov]1 !y h n he>d ! :ole ( ! ann\ncem5t1 8,= ,he make? sore1 & aga9 b9de? up20 b only ?is "p1 8,he make? sore40 ,s 9 l mann] acts ?is ,jew ( ,celsus1 :o quotes ! words1 8,o ,fa!r1 w\ld t ?is cup might pass f me20 b :o does n add :at foll[s1 & :i* exhibits ! firmness ( ,jesus1 & ,8 prep>$ness = suff]+4 ,b ^! matt]s1 :i* af=d great room = explanation f ! wisdom ( ,god1 & :i* may reasonably be pond]$ ov]#ajc by ^? :om ,paul calls 8p]fect0 :5 he said1 8,we speak wisdom among !m :o are p]fect10#ajd we pass by = ! pres5t1 & %all speak = a little ( ^? matt]s :i* are useful = our pres5t purpose4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ci4 ,footnote #aja3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ci4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,deut4 xxxii4 #ci4 ,footnote #ajc3 1 4 ,footnote #ajd3 #a ,cor4 ii4 #f4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,we h m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ pages t !re are "s ( ! decl>ations ( ,jesus :i* ref] to t ,be+ 9 ,him :i* 0 ! 8fir/-born ( e creature10 su* z1 8,i am ! way1 & ! tru?1 & ! life10 & su* l2 & o!rs1 aga91 :i* belong to t 9 ,him :i* is und]/ood to be man1 su* z1 8,b n[ ye seek to kill me1 a man t ha? told y ! tru? :i* ,i h he>d ( ! ,fa!r40#aje ,& "h1 accord+ly1 he describes ! elem5t ( weakness belong+ to human fle%1 & t ( read9ess ( _s :i* exi/$ 9 ,8 humanity3 ! elem5t ( weakness 9 ! expression1 8,fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me20 ! read9ess ( ! _s 9 ?is1 8,nev]!less1 n z ,i w1 b z ,?\ wilt40 ,& s9ce x is prop] to obs]ve ! ord] ( our quotations1 obs]ve t1 9 ! fir/ place1 !re is m5tion$ only ! s+le in/ance1 z "o w\ld say1 indicat+ ! weakness ( ! fle%2 & aft]w>ds ^? o!r in/ances1 great] 9 numb]1 manife/+ ! will+ness ( ! _s4 ,= ! expression1 8,fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me10 is only "o3 :]eas m num]\s are ^? o!rs1 viz41 8,n z ,i w1 b z ,?\ wilt20 &1 8,o my ,fa!r1 if ?is cup _c pass f me except ,i dr9k x1 ,?y w be done40 ,x is to be not$ also1 t ! words are n1 8let ?is cup dep>t f me20 b t ! :ole expression is m>k$ by a tone ( piety & rev]5ce1 8,fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me40 ,i "k1 inde$1 t !re is ano!r explanation ( ?is passage to ! foll[+ effect3--,! ,savi\r1 =esee+ ! suff]+s :i* ! ,jewi% p & ! city ( ,j]usalem 7 to und]go 9 requital ( ! wick$ de$s :i* ! ,jews _h d>$ to p]petrate ^u ,him1 f no o!r motive ?an t ( ! pure/ philan?ropy t[>ds !m1 & f a desire t !y might escape ! imp5d+ calamities1 gave utt]ance to ! pray]1 8,fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me40 ,x is z if ,he _h said1 8,because ( my dr9k+ ?is cup ( puni%m5t1 ! :ole nation w be =sak5 by ,!e1 ,i pray1 if x be possible1 t ?is cup may pass f me1 9 ord] t ,?y portion1 :i* 0 guilty ( su* crimes aga9/ me1 may n be altoge!r des]t$ by ,!e40 ,b if1 z ,celsus w\ld allege1 8no?+ at t "t 0 done to ,jesus :i* 0 ei!r pa9ful or di/ress+10 h[ c\ld m5 aft]w>ds quote ! example ( ,jesus z endur+ suff]+s = ! sake ( religion1 if ,he did n suff] :at are human suff]+s1 b only _h ! appe>ance ( s do+8 ,footnote #aje3 ,john viii4 #dj4 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,?is ,jew ( ,celsus /ill accuses ! disciples ( ,jesus ( hav+ inv5t$ ^! /atem5ts1 say+ to !m3 8,ev5 al?\gh guilty ( falsehood1 ye h n be5 able to give a col\r ( cr$ibility to y\r inv5tions40 ,9 answ] to :i* we h to say1 t !re 0 an easy me?od ( conceal+ ^! occurr5ces1--t1 viz41 ( n record+ !m at all4 ,= if ! ,gospels _h n conta9$ ! acc\nts ( ^! ?+s1 :o c\ld h reproa*$ u ) ,jesus hav+ spok5 su* words dur+ ,8 /ay ^u ! e>?8 ,celsus1 inde$1 did n see t x 0 an inconsi/5cy = ! same p]sons bo? to be deceiv$ reg>d+ ,jesus1 believ+ ,him to be ,god1 & ! subject ( prophecy1 & to inv5t fictions ab\t ,him1 kn[+ manife/ly t ^! /atem5ts 7 false4 ,( a tru?1 !re=e1 !y 7 n guilty ( inv5t+ untru?s1 b su* 7 _! real impressions1 & !y record$ !m truly2 or else !y 7 guilty ( falsify+ ! hi/ories1 & did n ent]ta9 ^! views1 & 7 n deceiv$ :5 !y ackn[l$g$ ,him to be ,god4 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,aft] ?is he says1 t c]ta9 ( ! ,*ri/ian believ]s1 l p]sons :o 9 a fit ( drunk5ness lay viol5t h&s ^u !mselves1 h corrupt$ ! ,gospel f its orig9al integrity1 to a ?reefold1 & f\rfold1 & _m-fold degree1 & h remodell$ x1 s t !y might be able to answ] objections4 ,n[ ,i "k ( no o!rs :o h alt]$ ! ,gospel1 save ! foll[]s ( ,m>cion1 & ^? ( ,val5t9us1 &1 ,i ?9k1 also ^? ( ,lucian4 ,b su* an allegation is no *>ge aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 b aga9/ ^? :o d>$ s to trifle ) ! ,gospels4 ,& z x is no gr\nd ( accusation aga9/ philosophy1 t !re exi/ ,sophi/s1 or ,epicureans1 or ,p]ipatetics1 or any o!rs1 :oev] !y may be1 :o hold false op9ions2 s nei!r is x aga9/ g5u9e ,*ri/ianity t !re are "s :o corrupt ! ,gospel hi/ories1 & :o introduce h]esies oppos$ to ! mean+ ( ! doctr9e ( ,jesus4 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,& s9ce ?is ,jew ( ,celsus makes x a subject ( reproa* t ,*ri/ians %\ld make use ( ! prophets1 :o pr$ict$ ! ev5ts ( ,*ri/'s life1 we h to say1 9 addition to :at we h already advanc$ ^u ?is head1 t x became him to sp>e individuals1 z he says1 & to exp\nd ! prophecies !mselves2 & aft] admitt+ ! probability ( ! ,*ri/ian int]pretation ( !m1 to %[ h[ ! use :i* !y make ( !m may be ov]turn$4#ajf ,= 9 ?is way he w\ld n appe> ha/ily to assume s important a position on small gr\nds1 & p>ticul>ly :5 he ass]ts t ! 8prophecies agree ) t5 ?\s& o!r ?+s m cr$ibly ?an ) ,jesus40 ,& he ought to h c>efully met ?is p[]ful argum5t ( ! ,*ri/ians1 z be+ ! /ronge/ :i* !y adduce1 & to h demon/rat$ ) reg>d to ea* p>ticul> prophecy1 t x c apply to o!r ev5ts ) great] probability ?an to ,jesus4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 p]ceive t ?is 0 a plausible argum5t to be advanc$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians only by "o :o 0 an oppon5t ( ! prophetic writ+s2 b ,celsus has "h put 9 ! m\? ( a ,jew an objection :i* a ,jew w\ld n h made4 ,= a ,jew w n admit t ! prophecies may be appli$ to c\ntless o!r ?+s ) great] probability ?an to ,jesus2 b he w endeav\r1 aft] giv+ :at appe>s to him ! mean+ ( ea*1 to oppose ! ,*ri/ian int]pretation1 n inde$ by any means adduc+ conv9c+ reasons1 b only attempt+ to d s4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,! orig9al "h is probably corrupt3 7 7 1 1 4 ,= ,boh]ellus w\ld read 1 & 4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,9 ! prec$+ pages we h already spok5 ( ?is po9t1 viz4 ! pr$iction t !re 7 to be two adv5ts ( ,*ri/ to ! human race1 s t x is n necess>y = u to reply to ! objection1 suppos$ to be urg$ by a ,jew1 t 8! prophets decl>e ! com+ "o to be a mighty pot5tate1 ,"l ( all nations & armies40 ,b x is 9 ! _s ( a ,jew1 ,i ?9k1 & 9 keep+ ) _! bitt] animosity1 & baseless & ev5 improbable calumnies aga9/ ,jesus1 t he adds3 8,nor did ! prophets pr$ict su* a pe/il5ce40#ajg ,= nei!r ,jews1 nor ,celsus1 nor any o!r1 c br+ any argum5t to prove t a pe/il5ce conv]ts m5 f ! practice ( evil to a life :i* is accord+ to nature1 & di/+ui%$ by temp]ance & o!r virtues4 ,footnote #ajg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,?is objection also is ca/ 9 our tee? by ,celsus3 8,f su* signs & mis9t]pretations1 & f pro(s s mean1 no "o c\ld prove him to be ,god1 & ! ,son ( ,god40 ,n[ x 0 8 duty to enum]ate ! alleg$ mis9t]pretations1 & to prove !m to be su*1 & to %[ by reason+ ! meanness ( ! evid5ce1 9 ord] t ! ,*ri/ian1 if any ( 8 objections %\ld seem to be plausible1 might be able to answ] & confute 8 argum5ts4 ,:at he said1 h[ev]1 reg>d+ ,jesus1 did inde$ come to pass1 because ,he 0 a mighty pot5tate1 al?\gh ,celsus refuses to see t x s happ5$1 not)/&+ t ! cle>e/ evid5ce proves x true ( ,jesus4 8,= z ! sun10 he says1 8:i* enlight5s all o!r objects1 fir/ makes himself visible1 s ought ! ,son ( ,god to h done40 ,we w\ld say 9 reply1 t s ,he did2 = righte\sness has aris5 9 ,8 days1 & !re is abundance ( peace1 :i* took its comm5cem5t at ,8 bir?1 ,god prep>+ ! nations = ,8 tea*+1 t !y might be "u "o pr9ce1 ! k+ ( ! ,romans1 & t x might n1 ow+ to ! want ( union among ! nations1 caus$ by ! exi/5ce ( _m k+doms1 be m difficult = ! apo/les ( ,jesus to accompli% ! task enjo9$ ^u !m by _! ,ma/]1 :5 ,he said1 8,g & tea* all nations40 ,moreov] x is c]ta9 t ,jesus 0 born 9 ! reign ( ,augu/us1 :o1 s to speak1 fus$ toge!r into "o mon>*y ! _m populations ( ! e>?4 ,n[ ! exi/5ce ( _m k+doms w\ld h be5 a h9drance to ! spread ( ! doctr9e ( ,jesus ?r\gh\t ! entire _w2 n only = ! reasons m5tion$1 b also on acc\nt ( ! necessity ( m5 ev]y:]e engag+ 9 w>1 & fight+ on behalf ( _! native c\ntry1 :i* 0 ! case be=e ! times ( ,augu/us1 & 9 p]iods /ill m remote1 :5 necessity arose1 z :5 ! ,peloponnesians & ,a!nians w>r$ aga9/ ea* o!r1 & o!r nations 9 l mann]4 ,h[1 !n1 0 x possible = ! gospel doctr9e ( peace1 :i* does n p]mit m5 to take v5geance ev5 ^u enemies1 to prevail ?r\gh\t ! _w1 unless at ! adv5t ( ,jesus a mild] _s _h be5 ev]y:]e introduc$ into ! conduct ( ?+s8 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,he next *>ges ! ,*ri/ians ) be+ 8guilty ( sophi/ical reason+1 9 say+ t ! ,son ( ,god is ! ,logos ,himself40 ,& he ?9ks t he /r5g!ns ! accusation1 because 8:5 we decl>e ! ,logos to be ! ,son ( ,god1 we d n pres5t to view a pure & holy ,logos1 b a mo/ degrad$ man1 :o 0 puni%$ by sc\rg+ & crucifixion40 ,n[1 on ?is head we h briefly repli$ to ! *>ges ( ,celsus 9 ! prec$+ pages1 :]e ,*ri/ 0 %[n to be ! fir/-born ( all creation1 :o assum$ a body & a human s\l2 & t ,god gave comm&m5t respect+ ! creation ( su* mighty ?+s 9 ! _w1 & !y 7 creat$2 & t ,he :o receiv$ ! comm& 0 ,god ! ,logos4 ,& see+ x is a ,jew :o makes ^! /atem5ts 9 ! "w ( ,celsus1 x w n be out ( place to quote ! decl>ation1 8,he s5t ,8 ^w1 & heal$ !m1 & deliv]$ !m f _! de/ruction10#ajh--;a passage ( :i* we spoke a little ago4 ,n[1 al?\gh ,i h conf]r$ ) _m ,jews :o pr(ess$ to be le>n$ m51 ,i nev] he>d any "o express+ 8 approval ( ! /atem5t t ! ,logos is ! ,son ( ,god1 z ,celsus decl>es !y d1 9 putt+ into ! m\? ( ! ,jew su* a decl>ation z ?is3 8,if y\r ,logos is ! ,son ( ,god1 we also give our ass5t to ! same40 ,footnote #ajh3 ,ps4 cvi4 #bj4 ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,we h already %[n t ,jesus c be reg>d$ nei!r z an arrogant man1 nor a sorc]]2 & !re=e x is unnecess>y to repeat our =m] argum5ts1 le/1 9 reply+ to ! tautologies ( ,celsus1 we ourselves %\ld be guilty ( ne$less repetition4 ,& n[1 9 f9d+ fault ) our ,"l's g5ealogy1 !re are c]ta9 po9ts :i* occasion "s difficulty ev5 to ,*ri/ians1 & :i*1 ow+ to ! discrepancy betwe5 ! g5ealogies1 are advanc$ by "s z argum5ts aga9/ _! correctness1 b :i* ,celsus has n ev5 m5tion$4 ,= ,celsus1 :o is truly a bragg>t1 & :o pr(esses to be acqua9t$ ) all matt]s relat+ to ,*ri/ianity1 does n "k h[ to raise d\bts 9 a skilful mann] aga9/ ! cr$ibility ( ,scripture4 ,b he ass]ts t ! 8fram]s ( ! g5ealogies1 f a feel+ ( pride1 made ,jesus to be desc5d$ f ! fir/ man1 & f ! k+s ( ! ,jews40 ,& he ?9ks t he makes a notable *>ge :5 he adds1 t 8! c>p5t]'s wife c\ld n h be5 ignorant ( ! fact1 _h %e be5 ( su* illu/ri\s desc5t40 ,b :at has ?is to d ) ! "q8 ,grant$ t %e 0 n ignorant ( h] desc5t1 h[ does t affect ! result8 ,suppose t %e 7 ignorant1 h[ c\ld h] ignorance prove t %e 0 n desc5d$ f ! fir/ man1 or c\ld n d]ive h] orig9 f ! ,jewi% k+s8 ,does ,celsus imag9e t ! poor mu/ always be desc5d$ f ance/ors :o are poor1 or t k+s are always born ( k+s8 ,b x appe>s folly to wa/e "t ^u su* an argum5t z ?is1 see+ x is well kn[n t1 ev5 9 our own days1 "s :o are poor] ?an ,m>y are desc5d$ f ance/ors ( weal? & di/9ction1 & t rul]s ( nations & k+s h sprung f p]sons ( no reputation4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 8,b10 cont9ues ,celsus1 8:at great de$s did ,jesus p]=m z be+ a ,god8 ,did he put 8 enemies to %ame1 or br+ to a ridicul\s conclusion :at 0 design$ aga9/ him80 ,n[ to ?is "q1 al?\gh we are able to %[ ! /rik+ & miracul\s "* ( ! ev5ts :i* befell ,him1 yet f :at o!r s\rce c we furni% an answ] ?an f ! ,gospel n>ratives1 :i* /ate t 8!re 0 an e>?quake1 & t ! rocks 7 split asund]1 & ! tombs op5$1 & ! veil ( ! temple r5t 9 twa9 f top to bottom1 & t d>kness prevail$ 9 ! day-"t1 ! sun fail+ to give light80#aji ,b if ,celsus believe ! ,gospel acc\nts :5 he ?9ks t he c f9d 9 !m matt] ( *>ge aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 & refuse to believe !m :5 !y e/abli% ! div9ity ( ,jesus1 our answ] to him is3 8,sir1#aaj ei!r disbelieve all ! ,gospel n>ratives1 & !n no long] imag9e t y c f\nd *>ges ^u !m2 or1 9 yield+ y\r belief to _! /atem5ts1 look 9 admiration on ! ,logos ( ,god1 :o became inc>nate1 & :o desir$ to conf] b5efits ^u ! :ole human race4 ,& ?is feature ev9ces ! nobility ( ! "w ( ,jesus1 t1 d[n to ! pres5t "t1 ^? :om ,god wills are heal$ by ,8 "n4 ,& ) reg>d to ! eclipse 9 ! "t ( ,tib]ius ,cs>1 9 ^: reign ,jesus appe>s to h be5 crucifi$1 & ! great e>?quakes :i* !n took place1 ,phlegon too1 ,i ?9k1 has writt5 9 ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? book ( 8 ,*ronicles40#aaa ,footnote #aji3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ea1 #eb2 cf4 ,luke xxiii4 #dd1 #de4 ,footnote #aaj3 4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,on ,phlegon1 cf4 note 9 ,migne1 pp4 #hbc1 #hed4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,?is ,jew ( ,celsus1 ridicul+ ,jesus1 z he imag9es1 is describ$ z be+ acqua9t$ ) ! ,bac* ( ,euripides1 9 :i* ,dionysus says3 8,! div9ity himself w lib]ate me :5ev] ,i wi%40#aab ,n[ ! ,jews are n mu* acqua9t$ ) ,greek lit]ature2 b suppose t !re 0 a ,jew s well v]s$ 9 x z to make su* a quotation on 8 "p appropriate1 h[ does x foll[ t ,jesus c\ld n lib]ate ,himself1 because ,he did n d s8 ,= let him believe f our own ,scriptures t ,pet] obta9$ 8 fre$om aft] hav+ be5 b\nd 9 prison1 an angel hav+ loos$ 8 *a9s2 & t ,paul1 hav+ be5 b\nd 9 ! /ocks along ) ,silas 9 ,philippi ( ,mac$onia1 0 lib]at$ by div9e p[]1 :5 ! gates ( ! prison 7 op5$4 ,b x is probable t ,celsus treats ^! acc\nts ) ridicule1 or t he nev] read !m2 = he w\ld probably say 9 reply1 t !re are c]ta9 sorc]]s :o are able by incantations to unloose *a9s & to op5 doors1 s t he w\ld lik5 ! ev5ts relat$ 9 our hi/ories to ! do+s ( sorc]]s4 8,b10 he cont9ues1 8no calamity happ5$ ev5 to him :o condemn$ him1 z !re did to ,p5!us1 viz4 madness or disc]ption40#aac ,& yet he does n "k t x 0 n s mu* ,pilate t condemn$ ,him 7:o knew t 8= envy ! ,jews _h deliv]$ ,him071 z ! ,jewi% nation1 :i* has be5 condemn$ by ,god1 & r5t 9 pieces1 & disp]s$ ov] ! :ole e>?1 9 a degree f> beyond :at happ5$ to ,p5!us4 ,moreov]1 :y did he int5tionally omit :at is relat$ ( ,pilate's wife1 :o beheld a vision1 & :o 0 s mov$ by x z to s5d a message to h] husb&1 say+3 8,h ?\ no?+ to d ) t j man2 = ,i h suff]$ _m ?+s ?is day 9 a dream because ( him80#aad ,& aga91 pass+ by 9 sil5ce ! pro(s ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus1 ,celsus endeav\rs to ca/ reproa* ^u ,him f ! n>ratives 9 ! ,gospel1 ref]r+ to ^? :o mock$ ,jesus1 & put on ,him ! purple robe1 & ! cr[n ( ?orns1 & plac$ ! re$ 9 ,8 h&4 ,f :at s\rce n[1 ,celsus1 did y d]ive ^! /atem5ts1 save f ! ,gospel n>ratives8 ,& did y1 accord+ly1 see t !y 7 fit matt]s = reproa*1 :ile !y :o record$ !m did n ?9k t y1 & su* z y1 w\ld turn !m into ridicule2 b t o!rs w\ld receive f !m an example h[ to despise ^? :o ridicul$ & mock$ ,him on acc\nt ( ,8 religion1 :o appropriately laid d[n ,8 life = its sake8 ,admire r _! love ( tru?1 & t ( ! ,be+ :o bore ^! ?+s volunt>ily = ! sake ( m51 & :o endur$ !m ) all con/ancy & long-suff]+4 ,= x is n record$ t ,he utt]$ any lam5tation1 or t aft] ,8 condemnation ,he ei!r did or utt]$ any?+ unbecom+4 ,footnote #aab3 ,eurip4 ,bac*1 v4 #dih 7ed4 ,d9dorf74 ,footnote #aac3 ,cf4 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 b4 ii4 c4 vii4 ,footnote #aad3 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ai4 ,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,b 9 answ] to ?is objection1 8,if n be=e1 yet :y n[1 at lea/1 does he n give "s manife/ation ( 8 div9ity1 & free himself f ?is reproa*1 & take v5geance ^u ^? :o insult bo? him & 8 ,fa!r80 ,we h to reply1 t x w\ld be ! same ?+ z if we 7 to say to ^? among ! ,greeks :o accept ! doctr9e ( provid5ce1 & :o believe 9 port5ts1 ,:y does ,god n puni% ^? :o insult ! ,div9ity1 & subv]t ! doctr9e ( provid5ce8 ,= z ! ,greeks w\ld answ] su* objections1 s w\ld we1 9 ! same1 or a m effective mann]4 ,!re 0 n only a port5t f heav5--! eclipse ( ! sun--b also ! o!r miracles1 :i* %[ t ! crucifi$ ,"o possess$ some?+ t 0 div9e1 & great] ?an 0 possess$ by ! majority ( m54 ,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,celsus next says3 8,:at is ! nature ( ! i*or 9 ! body ( ! crucifi$ ,jesus8 ,is x #8su* z fl[s 9 ! bodies ( ! immortal gods8'0#aae ,he puts ?is "q 9 a _s ( mock]y2 b we %all %[ f ! s]i\s n>ratives ( ! ,gospels1 al?\gh ,celsus may n l x1 t x 0 no my?ic & ,hom]ic i*or :i* fl[$ f ! body ( ,jesus1 b t1 aft] ,8 dea?1 8"o ( ! soldi]s ) a spe> pi]c$ ,8 side1 & !re came !re\t blood & wat]4 ,& he t saw x b>e record1 & 8 record is true1 & he kn[e? t he sai? ! tru?40#aaf ,n[1 9 o!r dead bodies ! blood congeals1 & pure wat] does n fl[ =?2 b ! miracul\s feature 9 ! case ( ! dead body ( ,jesus 01 t ar\nd ! dead body blood & wat] fl[$ =? f ! side4 ,b if ?is ,celsus1 :o1 9 ord] to f9d matt] ( accusation aga9/ ,jesus & ! ,*ri/ians1 extracts f ! ,gospel ev5 passages :i* are incorrectly int]pret$1 b passes ov] 9 sil5ce ! evid5ces ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus1 w\ld li/5 to div9e port5ts1 let him read ! ,gospel1 & see t ev5 ! c5turion1 & !y :o ) him kept wat* ov] ,jesus1 on see+ ! e>?quake1 & ! ev5ts t occurr$1 7 greatly afraid1 say+1 8,?is man 0 ! son ( ,god40#aag ,footnote #aae3 ,cf4 ,iliad1 vi4 #cdj4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,cf4 ,john xix4 #cd1 #ce4 ,footnote #aag3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ed4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,aft] ?is1 he :o extracts f ! ,gospel n>rative ^? /atem5ts on :i* he ?9ks he c f\nd an accusation1 makes ! v9eg> & ! gall a subject ( reproa* to ,jesus1 say+ t 8he ru%$ ) op5 m\?#aah to dr9k ( !m1 & c\ld n endure 8 ?ir/ z any ord9>y man frequ5tly endures x40 ,n[ ?is matt] admits ( an explanation ( a peculi> & figurative k9d2 b on ! pres5t occasion1 ! /atem5t t ! prophets pr$ict$ ?is v incid5t may be accept$ z ! m common answ] to ! objection4 ,= 9 ! sixty-n9? ,psalm !re is writt51 ) ref]5ce to ,*ri/3 8,& !y gave me gall = my meat1 & 9 my ?ir/ !y gave me v9eg> to dr9k40#aai ,n[1 let ! ,jews say :o x is t ! prophetic writ+ repres5ts z utt]+ ^! words2 & let !m adduce f hi/ory "o :o receiv$ gall = 8 food1 & to :om v9eg> 0 giv5 z dr9k4 ,w\ld !y v5ture to ass]t t ! ,*ri/ :om !y expect /ill to come might be plac$ 9 su* circum/ances8 ,!n we w\ld say1 ,:at prev5ts ! pr$iction f hav+ be5 already accompli%$8 ,= ?is v pr$iction 0 utt]$ _m ages be=e1 & is suffici5t1 along ) ! o!r prophetic utt]ances1 to lead him :o fairly exam9es ! :ole matt] to ! conclusion t ,jesus is ,he :o 0 prophesi$ ( z ,*ri/1 & z ! ,son ( ,god4 ,footnote #aah3 4 ,footnote #aai3 ,ps4 lxix4 #ba4 ,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,! ,jew next rem>ks3 8,y1 ,o s9c]e believ]s1#abj f9d fault ) u1 because we d n recognise ?is individual z ,god1 nor agree ) y t he endur$ ^! suff]+s = ! b5efit ( mank9d1 9 ord] t we also might despise puni%m5t40 ,n[1 9 answ] to ?is1 we say t we blame ! ,jews1 :o h be5 br\ght up "u ! tra9+ ( ! law & ! prophets 7:i* =etell ! com+ ( ,*ri/71 because !y nei!r refute ! argum5ts :i* we lay be=e !m to prove t ,he is ! ,messiah1#aba adduc+ su* refutation z a def5ce ( _! unbelief2 nor yet1 :ile n (f]+ any refutation1 d !y believe 9 ,him :o 0 ! subject ( prophecy1 & :o cle>ly manife/$ ?r\gh ,8 disciples1 ev5 aft] ! p]iod ( ,8 appe>ance 9 ! fle%1 t ,he und]w5t ^! ?+s = ! b5efit ( mank9d2 hav+1 z ! object ( ,8 fir/ adv5t1 n to condemn m5 & _! actions#abb be=e ,he _h in/ruct$ !m1 & po9t$ out to !m _! duty1#abc nor to *a/ise ! wick$ & save ! good1 b to dissem9ate ,8 doctr9e 9 an extraord9>y#abd mann]1 & ) ! evid5ce ( div9e p[]1 among ! :ole human race1 z ! prophets also h repres5t$ ^! ?+s4 ,& we blame !m1 moreov]1 because !y did n believe 9 ,him :o gave evid5ce ( ! p[] t 0 9 ,him1 b ass]t$ t ,he ca/ out demons f ! s\ls ( m5 ?r\gh ,beelzebub ! pr9ce ( ! demons2 & we blame !m because !y sl&] ! philan?ropic "* ( ,him1 :o ov]look$ n only no city1 b n ev5 a s+le village 9 ,judea1 t ,he might ev]y:]e ann\nce ! k+dom ( ,god1 accus+ ,him ( lead+ ! w&]+ life ( a vagabond1 & pass+ an anxi\s exi/5ce 9 a disgraceful body4 ,b !re is no disgrace 9 endur+ su* lab\rs = ! b5efit ( all ^? :o may be able to und]/& ,him4 ,footnote #abj3 4 ,footnote #aba3 4 ,footnote #abb3 4 ,footnote #abc3 4 ,footnote #abd3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,& h[ c ! foll[+ ass]tion ( ?is ,jew ( ,celsus appe> any?+ else ?an a manife/ falsehood1 viz4 t ,jesus 8hav+ ga9$ ov] no "o dur+ 8 life1 n ev5 8 own disciples1 und]w5t ^! puni%m5ts & suff]+s80 ,= f :at o!r s\rce sprang ! envy :i* 0 ar\s$ aga9/ ,him by ! ,jewi% high prie/s1 & eld]s1 & scribes1 save f ! fact t multitudes obey$ & foll[$ ,him1 & 7 l$ into ! des]ts n only by ! p]suasive#abe language ( ,him ^: words 7 always appropriate to ,8 he>]s1 b :o also by ,8 miracles made an impression on ^? :o 7 n mov$ to belief by ,8 words8 ,& is x n a manife/ falsehood to say t 8he did n ga9 ov] ev5 8 own disciples10 :o exhibit$1 inde$1 at t "t "s symptoms ( human weakness aris+ f c[>dly fe>--= !y _h n yet be5 discipl9$ to ! exhibition ( full c\rage--b :o by no means ab&on$ ! judgm5ts :i* !y _h =m$ reg>d+ ,him z ! ,*ri/8 ,= ,pet]1 aft] 8 d5ial1 p]ceiv+ to :at a dep? ( wick$ness he _h fall51 8w5t out & wept bitt]ly20 :ile ! o!rs1 al?\gh /rick5 ) dismay on acc\nt ( :at _h happ5$ to ,jesus 7= !y /ill cont9u$ to admire ,him71 _h1 by ,8 glori\s appe>ance1#abf _! belief m firmly e/abli%$ ?an be=e t ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,footnote #abe3 4 ,footnote #abf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xl4 ,x is1 moreov]1 9 a v unphilosophical _s t ,celsus imag9es our ,"l's pre-em95ce among m5 to consi/1 n 9 ! prea*+ ( salvation & 9 a pure morality1 b 9 act+ contr>y to ! "* ( t p]sonality :i* ,he _h tak5 ^u ,him1 & 9 n dy+1 al?\gh ,he _h assum$ mortality2 or1 if dy+1 yet at lea/ n su* a dea? z might s]ve z a patt]n to ^? :o 7 to le>n by t v act h[ to die = ! sake ( religion1 & to comport !mselves boldly ?r\gh its help1 be=e ^? :o hold errone\s views on ! subject ( religion & irreligion1 & :o reg>d religi\s m5 z altoge!r irreligi\s1 b imag9e ^? to be mo/ religi\s :o err reg>d+ ,god1 & :o apply to ev]y?+ r ?an to ,god ! in]adicable#abg idea ( ,him :i* is implant$ 9 ! human m9d1 & especially :5 !y eag]ly ru% to de/roy ^? :o h yield$ !mselves up ) _! :ole s\l 7ev5 unto dea?71 to ! cle> evid5ce ( "o ,god :o is ov] all ?+s4 ,footnote #abg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xli4 ,9 ! p]son ( ! ,jew1 ,celsus cont9ues to f9d fault ) ,jesus1 alleg+ t 8he did n %[ himself to be pure f all evil40 ,let ,celsus /ate f :at 8evil0 our ,"l did n %[ ,himself to be pure4 ,if he means t ,he 0 n pure f :at is prop]ly t]m$ 8evil10 let him cle>ly prove ! exi/5ce ( any wick$ "w 9 ,him4 ,b if he deems pov]ty & ! cross to be evils1 & conspiracy on ! "p ( wick$ m51 !n x is cle> t he w\ld say t evil _h happ5$ also to ,socrates1 :o 0 unable to %[ himself pure f evils4 ,& h[ great also ! o!r b& ( poor m5 is among ! ,greeks1 :o h giv5 !mselves to philosophical pursuits1 & h volunt>ily accept$ a life ( pov]ty1 is kn[n to _m among ! ,greeks f :at is record$ ( ,democritus1 :o all[$ 8 prop]ty to become pa/ure = %eep2 & ( ,crates1 :o obta9$ 8 fre$om by be/[+ ^u ! ,!bans ! price receiv$ = ! sale ( 8 possessions4 ,nay1 ev5 ,diog5es himself1 f excessive pov]ty1 came to live 9 a tub2 & yet1 9 ! op9ion ( no "o possess$ ( mod]ate und]/&+1 0 ,diog5es on t acc\nt consid]$ to be 9 an evil 7s9ful7 condition4 ,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,b fur!r1 s9ce ,celsus w h x t 8,jesus 0 n irreproa*able10 let him in/ance any "o ( ^? :o adh]e to ,8 doctr9e1 :o has record$ any?+ t c\ld truly furni% gr\nd ( reproa* aga9/ ,jesus2 or if x be n f ^! t he d]ives 8 matt] ( accusation aga9/ ,him1 let him say f :at qu>t] he has le>n$ t :i* has induc$ him to say t ,he is n free f reproa*4 ,jesus1 h[ev]1 p]=m$ all t ,he promis$ to d1 & by :i* ,he conf]r$ b5efits ^u ,8 adh]5ts4 ,& we1 cont9ually see+ fulfill$ all t 0 pr$ict$ by ,him be=e x happ5$1 viz4 t ?is gospel ( ,8 %\ld be prea*$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 & t ,8 disciples %\ld g among all nations & ann\nce ,8 doctr9e2 &1 moreov]1 t !y %\ld be br\ght be=e gov]nors & k+s on no o!r acc\nt ?an because ( ,8 tea*+2 we are lo/ 9 wond] at ,him1 & h our fai? 9 ,him daily confirm$4 ,& ,i "k n by :at great] or m conv9c+ pro(s ,celsus w\ld h ,him confirm ,8 pr$ictions2 unless1 inde$1 z seems to be ! case1 n und]/&+ t ! ,logos _h become ! man ,jesus1 he w\ld h ,him to be subject to no human weakness1 nor to become an illu/ri\s patt]n to m5 ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y ought to be> ! calamities ( life1 al?\gh ^! appe> to ,celsus to be mo/ lam5table & disgraceful occurr5ces1 see+ t he reg>ds lab\r#abh to be ! greate/ ( evils1 & pleasure ! p]fect good1--a view accept$ by none ( ^? philosoph]s :o admit ! doctr9e ( provid5ce1 & :o all[ t c\rage1 & =titude1 & magnanimity are virtues4 ,jesus1 !re=e1 by ,8 suff]+s ca/ no discr$it ^u ! fai? ( :i* ,he 0 ! object2 b r confirm$ ! same among ^? :o w\ld approve ( manly c\rage1 & among ^? :o 7 taught by ,him t :at 0 truly & prop]ly ! happy life 0 n "h bel[1 b 0 to be f\nd 9 t :i* 0 call$1 accord+ to ,8 own words1 ! 8com+ _w20 :]eas 9 :at is call$ ! 8pres5t _w0 life is a calamity1 or at lea/ ! fir/ & greate/ /ruggle ( ! s\l4#abi ,footnote #abh3 4 ,footnote #abi3 4 ,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,celsus next addresses to u ! foll[+ rem>k3 8,y w n1 ,i suppose1 say ( him1 t1 aft] fail+ to ga9 ov] ^? :o 7 9 ?is _w1 he w5t to ,hades to ga9 ov] ^? :o 7 !re40 ,b :e!r he l x or n1 we ass]t t n only :ile ,jesus 0 9 ! body did ,he w9 ov] n a few p]sons m]ely1 b s great a numb]1 t a conspiracy 0 =m$ aga9/ ,him on acc\nt ( ! multitude ( ,8 foll[]s2 b also1 t :5 ,he became a s\l1 )\t ! cov]+ ( ! body1 ,he dwelt among ^? s\ls :i* 7 )\t bodily cov]+1 conv]t+ su* ( !m z 7 will+ to ,himself1 or ^? :om ,he saw1 = reasons kn[n to ,him alone1 to be bett] adapt$ to su* a c\rse4 ,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,celsus 9 ! next place says1 ) indescribable sill9ess3 8,if1 aft] inv5t+ def5ces :i* are absurd1 & by :i* ye 7 ridicul\sly delud$1 ye imag9e t y really make a good def5ce1 :at prev5ts y f reg>d+ ^? o!r individuals :o h be5 condemn$1 & h di$ a mis]able dea?1 z great] & m div9e mess5g]s ( heav5 ?an ,jesus80 ,n[1 t manife/ly & cle>ly !re is no simil>ity betwe5 ,jesus1 :o suff]$ :at is describ$1 & ^? :o h di$ a wret*$ dea? on acc\nt ( _! sorc]y1 or :atev] else be ! *>ge aga9/ !m1 is pat5t to e "o4 ,= no "o c po9t to any acts ( a sorc]] :i* turn$ away s\ls f ! practice ( ! _m s9s :i* prevail among m51 & f ! flood ( wick$ness 79 ! _w74#acj ,b s9ce ?is ,jew ( ,celsus comp>es ,him to robb]s1 & says t 8any simil>ly %ameless fell[ might be able to say reg>d+ ev5 a robb] & murd]] :om puni%m5t _h ov]tak51 t su* an "o 0 n a robb]1 b a god1 because he pr$ict$ to 8 fell[-robb]s t he w\ld suff] su* puni%m5t z he actually did suff]10 x might1 9 ! fir/ place1 be answ]$1 t x is n because ,he pr$ict$ t ,he w\ld suff] su* ?+s t we ent]ta9 ^? op9ions reg>d+ ,jesus :i* lead u to h confid5ce 9 ,him1 z "o :o has come d[n to u f ,god4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 we ass]t t ?is v comp>ison#aca has be5 someh[ =etold 9 ! ,gospels2 s9ce ,god 0 numb]$ ) ! transgressors by wick$ m51 :o desir$ r a 8murd]]0 7"o :o = s$ition & murd] _h be5 ca/ into prison7 to be releas$ unto !m1 & ,jesus to be crucifi$1 & :o crucifi$ ,him betwe5 two robb]s4 ,jesus1 inde$1 is ev] crucifi$ ) robb]s among ,8 g5u9e disciples & witnesses to ! tru?1 & suff]s ! same condemnation :i* !y d among m54 ,& we say1 t if ^? p]sons h any resemblance to robb]s1 :o on acc\nt ( _! piety t[>ds ,god suff] all k9ds ( injury & dea?1 t !y may keep x pure & un/a9$1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 !n x is cle> also t ,jesus1 ! au?or ( su* tea*+1 is ) good reason comp>$ by ,celsus to ! capta9 ( a b& ( robb]s4 ,b nei!r 0 ,he :o di$ = ! common good ( mank9d1 nor !y :o suff]$ because ( _! religion1 & alone ( all m5 7 p]secut$ because ( :at appe>$ to !m ! "r way ( hon\r+ ,god1 put to dea? 9 accordance ) ju/ice1 nor 0 ,jesus p]secut$ )\t ! *>ge ( impiety be+ incurr$ by ,8 p]secutors4 ,footnote #acj3 4 ,footnote #aca3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,b obs]ve ! sup]ficial nature ( 8 argum5t respect+ ! =m] disciples ( ,jesus1 9 :i* he says3 8,9 ! next place1 ^? :o 7 8 associates :ile alive1 & :o li/5$ to 8 voice1 & enjoy$ 8 in/ructions z _! tea*]1 on see+ him subject$ to puni%m5t & dea?1 nei!r di$ ) him1 nor = him1 nor 7 ev5 induc$ to reg>d puni%m5t ) contempt1 b d5i$ ev5 t !y 7 8 disciples1 :]eas n[ ye die along ) him40 ,& "h he believes ! s9 :i* 0 committ$ by ! disciples :ile !y 7 yet beg9n]s & imp]fect1 & :i* is record$ 9 ! ,gospels1 to h be5 actually committ$1 9 ord] t he may h matt] ( accusation aga9/ ! gospel2 b _! upright conduct aft] _! transgression1 :5 !y behav$ ) c\rage be=e ! ,jews1 & suff]$ c\ntless cruelties at _! h&s1 & at la/ suff]$ dea? = ! doctr9e ( ,jesus1 he passes by 9 sil5ce4 ,= he w\ld nei!r he> ! words ( ,jesus1 :5 ,he pr$ict$ to ,pet]1 8,:5 ?\ %alt be old1 ?\ %alt /ret* =? ?y h&s10#acb etc41 to :i* ! ,scripture adds1 8,?is spake ,he1 signify+ by :at dea? he %\ld glorify ,god20 nor h[ ,james ! bro!r ( ,john--an apo/le1 ! bro!r ( an apo/le--0 sla9 ) ! sword by ,h]od = ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/2 nor ev5 ! _m in/ances ( boldness display$ by ,pet] & ! o!r apo/les because ( ! gospel1 & 8h[ !y w5t =? f ! pres5ce ( ! ,sanh$rim aft] be+ sc\rg$1 rejoic+ t !y 7 c\nt$ wor?y to suff] %ame = ,8 "n10#acc & s surpass+ _m ( ! in/ances relat$ by ! ,greeks ( ! =titude & c\rage ( _! philosoph]s4 ,f ! v beg9n+1 !n1 ?is 0 inculcat$ z a precept ( ,jesus among ,8 he>]s1 :i* taught m5 to despise ! life :i* is eag]ly s\ght aft] by ! multitude1 b to be e>ne/ 9 liv+ ! life :i* resembles t ( ,god4 ,footnote #acb3 ,john xxi4 #ah4 ,footnote #acc3 ,acts v4 #da4 ,*apt] ,,xlvi4 ,b h[ c ?is ,jew ( ,celsus escape ! *>ge ( falsehood1 :5 he says t ,jesus1 8:5 on e>?1 ga9$ ov] to himself only t5 sailors & tax-ga!r]s ( ! mo/ wor?less "*1 & n ev5 ! :ole ( ^!80 ,n[ x is c]ta9 t ! ,jews !mselves w\ld admit t ,he drew ov] n t5 p]sons m]ely1 nor a hundr$1 nor a ?\s&1 b on "o occasion five ?\s& at once1 & on ano!r f\r ?\s&2 & t ,he attract$ !m to su* a degree t !y foll[$ ,him ev5 into ! des]ts1 :i* alone c\ld conta9 ! assembl$ multitude ( ^? :o believ$ 9 ,god ?r\gh ,jesus1 & :]e ,he n only address$ to !m disc\rses1 b also manife/$ to !m ,8 works4 ,& n[1 ?r\gh 8 tautology1 he compels u also to be tautological1 s9ce we are c>eful to gu>d aga9/ be+ suppos$ to pass ov] any ( ! *>ges advanc$ by him2 & !re=e1 9 ref]5ce to ! matt] be=e u1 foll[+ ! ord] ( 8 treatise z we h x1 he says3 8,is x n ! height ( absurdity to ma9ta91 t if1 :ile he himself 0 alive1 he won ov] n a s+le p]son to 8 views1 aft] 8 dea? any :o wi% are able to ga9 ov] su* a multitude ( individuals80 ,:]eas he ought to h said1 9 consi/5cy ) tru?1 t if1 aft] ,8 dea?1 n simply ^? :o w1 b !y :o h ! w & ! p[]1 c ga9 ov] s _m proselytes1 h[ mu* m consonant to reason is x1 t :ile ,he 0 alive ,he %\ld1 ?r\gh ! great] p[] ( ,8 words & de$s1 h won ov] to ,himself manifold great] numb]s ( adh]5ts8 ,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,he repres5ts1 moreov]1 a /atem5t ( 8 own z if x 7 an answ] to "o ( 8 que/ions1 9 :i* he asks3 8,by :at tra9 ( argum5t 7 y l$ to reg>d him z ! ,son ( ,god80 ,= he makes u answ] t 8we 7 won ov] to him1 because#acd we "k t 8 puni%m5t 0 und]gone to br+ ab\t ! de/ruction ( ! fa!r ( evil40 ,n[ we 7 won ov] to ,8 doctr9e by innum]able o!r consid]ations1 ( :i* we h /at$ only ! smalle/ "p 9 ! prec$+ pages2 b1 if ,god p]mit1 we %all cont9ue to enum]ate !m1 n only :ile deal+ ) ! s-call$ ,true ,disc\rse ( ,celsus1 b also on _m o!r occasions4 ,&1 z if we said t we consid] ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god because ,he suff]$ puni%m5t1 he asks3 8,:at !n8 h n _m o!rs1 too1 be5 puni%$1 & t n less disgracefully80 ,& "h ,celsus acts l ! mo/ contemptible enemies ( ! gospel1 & l ^? :o imag9e t x foll[s z a consequ5ce f our hi/ory ( ! crucifi$ ,jesus1 t we %\ld wor%ip ^? :o h und]gone crucifixion6 ,footnote #acd3 ,! read+ 9 ! text is 2 = :i* bo? ,boh]eau & ,de la ,rue propose 1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation3 cf4 1 infra4 ,*apt] ,,xlviii4 ,celsus1 moreov]1 unable to resi/ ! miracles :i* ,jesus is record$ to h p]=m$1 has already on sev]al occasions spok5 ( !m sl&]\sly z works ( sorc]y2 & we also on sev]al occasions h1 to ! be/ ( our ability1 repli$ to 8 /atem5ts4 ,& n[ he repres5ts u z say+ t 8we deem$ ,jesus to be ! ,son ( ,god1 because he heal$ ! lame & ! bl9d40 ,& he adds3 8,moreov]1 z y ass]t1 he rais$ ! dead40 ,t ,he heal$ ! lame & ! bl9d1 & t !re=e we hold ,him to be ! ,*ri/ & ! ,son ( ,god1 is manife/ to u f :at is conta9$ 9 ! prophecies3 8,!n ! eyes ( ! bl9d %all be op5$1 & ! e>s ( ! deaf %all he>2 !n %all ! lame man leap z an h>t40#ace ,& t ,he also rais$ ! dead1 & t x is no fiction ( ^? :o compos$ ! ,gospels1 is %[n by ?is1 t if x _h be5 a fiction1 _m individuals w\ld h be5 repres5t$ z hav+ ris5 f ! dead1 & ^!1 too1 su* z _h be5 _m ye>s 9 _! graves4 ,b z x is no fiction1 !y are v easily c\nt$ ( :om ?is is relat$ to h happ5$2 viz4 ! daught] ( ! rul] ( ! synagogue 7( :om ,i "k n :y ,he said1 8,%e is n dead1 b sleepe?10 /at+ reg>d+ h] some?+ :i* does n apply to all :o die72 & ! only son ( ! wid[1 on :om ,he took compassion & rais$ him up1 mak+ ! be>]s ( ! corpse to /& /ill2 & ! ?ird in/ance1 t ( ,laz>us1 :o _h be5 f\r days 9 ! grave4 ,n[1 reg>d+ ^! cases we w\ld say to all p]sons ( c&id m9d1 & especially to ! ,jew1 t z !re 7 _m lep]s 9 ! days ( ,eli%a ! prophet1 & none ( !m 0 heal$ save ,naaman ! ,syrian1 & _m wid[s 9 ! days ( ,elijah ! prophet1 to none ( :om 0 ,elijah s5t save to ,s>epta 9 ,sidonia 7= ! wid[ !re _h be5 deem$ wor?y by a div9e decree ( ! miracle :i* 0 wr\ght by ! prophet 9 ! matt] ( ! bread72 s also !re 7 _m dead 9 ! days ( ,jesus1 b ^? only rose f ! grave :om ! ,logos knew to be fitt$ = a resurrection1 9 ord] t ! works done by ! ,"l might n be m]ely symbols ( c]ta9 ?+s1 b t by ! v acts !mselves ,he might ga9 ov] _m to ! m>vell\s doctr9e ( ! gospel4 ,i w\ld say1 moreov]1 t1 agreeably to ! promise ( ,jesus1 ,8 disciples p]=m$ ev5 great] works ?an ^! miracles ( ,jesus1 :i* 7 p]ceptible only to ! s5ses4#acf ,= ! eyes ( ^? :o are bl9d 9 s\l are ev] op5$2 & ! e>s ( ^? :o 7 deaf to virtu\s words1 li/5 readily to ! doctr9e ( ,god1 & ( ! bless$ life ) ,him2 & _m1 too1 :o 7 lame 9 ! feet ( ! 8inn] man10 z ,scripture calls x1 hav+ n[ be5 heal$ by ! ^w1 d n simply leap1 b leap z ! h>t1 :i* is an animal ho/ile to s]p5ts1 & /rong] ?an all ! poison ( vip]s4 ,& ^! lame :o h be5 heal$1 receive f ,jesus p[] to trample1 ) ^? feet 9 :i* !y 7 =m]ly lame1 ^u ! s]p5ts & scorpions ( wick$ness1 & g5]ally ^u all ! p[] ( ! enemy2 & ?\gh !y tread ^u x1 !y su/a9 no injury1 = !y also h become /rong] ?an ! poison ( all evil & ( demons4 ,footnote #ace3 ,cf4 ,isa4 xxxv4 #e1 #f4 ,footnote #acf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,jesus1 accord+ly1 9 turn+ away ! m9ds ( ,8 disciples1 n m]ely f giv+ he$ to sorc]]s 9 g5]al1 & ^? :o pr(ess 9 any o!r mann] to "w miracles--= ,8 disciples did n ne$ to be s w>n$--b f su* z gave !mselves out z ! ,*ri/ ( ,god1 & :o tri$ by c]ta9 app>5t#acg miracles to ga9 ov] to !m ! disciples ( ,jesus1 said 9 a c]ta9 passage3 8,!n1 if any man %all say unto y1 ,lo1 "h is ,*ri/1 or !re2 believe x n4 ,= !re %all arise false ,*ri/s & false prophets1 & %all %[ great signs & wond]s2 insomu* t1 if x 7 possible1 !y %all deceive ! v elect4 ,behold1 ,i h told y be=e4 ,:]e=e1 if !y %all say unto y1 ,behold1 he is 9 ! des]t1 g n =?2 behold1 he is 9 ! secret *amb]s1 believe x n4 ,= z ! lightn+ come? out ( ! ea/1 & %9e? ev5 to ! we/1 s also %all ! com+ ( ! ,son ( man be40#ach ,& 9 ano!r passage3 8,_m w say unto me 9 t day1 ,"l1 ,"l1 h we n eat5 & drunk 9 ,?y "n1 & by ,?y "n h ca/ out demons1 & done _m wond]ful works8 ,& !n w ,i say unto !m1 ,dep>t f me1 because ye are work]s ( iniquity40#aci ,b ,celsus1 wi%+ to assimilate ! miracles ( ,jesus to ! works ( human sorc]y1 says 9 express t]ms z foll[s3 8,o light & tru?6 he di/9ctly decl>es1 ) 8 own voice1 z ye y\rselves h record$1 t !re w come to y ev5 o!rs1 employ+ miracles ( a simil> k9d1 :o are wick$ m51 & sorc]]s2 & he calls him :o makes use ( su* devices1 "o ,satan4 ,s t ,jesus himself does n d5y t ^! works at lea/ are n at all div9e1 b are ! acts ( wick$ m52 & be+ compell$ by ! =ce ( tru?1 he at ! same "t n only laid op5 ! do+s ( o!rs1 b convict$ himself ( ! same acts4 ,is x n1 !n1 a mis]able inf]5ce1 to conclude f ! same works t ! "o is ,god & ! o!rs sorc]]s8 ,:y ought ! o!rs1 because ( ^! acts1 to be acc\nt$ wick$ r ?an ?is man1 see+ !y h him z _! witness aga9/ himself8 ,= he has himself ackn[l$g$ t ^! are n ! works ( a div9e nature1 b ! inv5tions ( c]ta9 deceiv]s1 & ( ?or\ghly wick$ m540 ,obs]ve1 n[1 :e!r ,celsus is n cle>ly convict$ ( sl&]+ ! gospel by su* /atem5ts1 s9ce :at ,jesus says reg>d+ ^? :o are to "w signs & wond]s is diff]5t f :at ?is ,jew ( ,celsus alleges x to be4 ,= if ,jesus _h simply told ,8 disciples to be on _! gu>d aga9/ ^? :o pr(ess$ to "w miracles1 )\t decl>+ :at !y w\ld give !mselves out to be1 !n p]haps !re w\ld h be5 "s gr\nd = 8 suspicion4 ,b s9ce ^? aga9/ :om ,jesus w\ld h u to be on our gu>d give !mselves out z ! ,*ri/--:i* is n a claim put =? by sorc]]s--& s9ce he says t ev5 "s :o lead wick$ lives w p]=m miracles 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 & expel demons out ( m51 sorc]y 9 ! case ( ^! individuals1 or any suspicion ( su*1 is r1 if we may s speak1 altoge!r bani%$1 & ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ e/abli%$1 z well z ! div9e mission#adj ( ,8 disciples2 see+ t x is possible t "o :o makes use ( ,8 "n1 & :o is wr\ght ^u by "s p[]1 9 "s way unkn[n1 to make ! pret5ce t he is ! ,*ri/1 %\ld seem to p]=m miracles l ^? ( ,jesus1 :ile o!rs ?r\gh ,8 "n %\ld d works resembl+ ^? ( ,8 g5u9e disciples4 ,footnote #acg3 4 ,footnote #ach3 ,matt4 xxiv4 #bc-bg4 ,footnote #aci3 ,cf4 ,matt4 vii4 #bb1 #bc1 ) ,luke xiii4 #bf1 #bg4 ,footnote #adj3 1 lit4 div9ity4 ,*apt] ,l4 ,paul1 moreov]1 9 ! ,second ,epi/le to ! ,!ssalonians1 %[s 9 :at mann] !re w "o day be reveal$ 8! man ( s91 ! son ( p]dition1 :o oppose? & exalte? himself above all t is call$ ,god1 or t is wor%ipp$2 s t he sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 %[+ himself t he is ,god40#ada ,& aga9 he says to ! ,!ssalonians3 8,& n[ ye "k :at )holde? t he might be reveal$ 9 8 "t4 ,= ! my/]y ( iniquity do? already "w3 only ,he :o n[ lette? w let1 until he be tak5 out ( ! way3 & !n %all t ,wick$ be reveal$1 :om ! ,"l w consume ) ! _s ( ,8 m\?1 & %all de/roy ) ! brightness ( ,8 com+3 ev5 him1 ^: com+ is aft] ! work+ ( ,satan1 ) all p[]1 & signs1 & ly+ wond]s1 & ) all deceivabl5ess ( unrighte\sness 9 !m t p]i%40#adb ,& 9 assign+ ! reason :y ! man ( s9 is p]mitt$ to cont9ue 9 exi/5ce1 he says3 8,because !y receiv$ n ! love ( ! tru?1 t !y might be sav$4 ,& = ?is cause ,god %all s5d !m /rong delusion1 t !y %\ld believe a lie2 t !y all might be damn$ :o believ$ n ! tru?1 b _h pleasure 9 unrighte\sness40#adc ,let any "o n[ say :e!r any ( ! /atem5ts 9 ! ,gospel1 or 9 ! writ+s ( ! apo/le1 c\ld give occasion = ! suspicion t !re is !re9 conta9$ any pr$iction ( sorc]y4 ,any "o1 moreov]1 :o likes may f9d ! prophecy 9 ,daniel respect+ anti*ri/4#add ,b ,celsus falsifies ! words ( ,jesus1 s9ce ,he did n say t o!rs w\ld come work+ simil> miracles to ,himself1 b :o are wick$ m5 & sorc]]s1 al?\gh ,celsus ass]ts t ,he utt]$ su* words4 ,= z ! p[] ( ! ,egyptian magicians 0 n simil> to ! div9ely-be/[$ grace ( ,moses1 b ! issue cle>ly prov$ t ! acts ( ! =m] 7 ! effect ( magic1 :ile ^? ( ,moses 7 wr\ght by div9e p[]2 s ! proce$+s ( ! anti*ri/s1 & ( ^? :o feign t !y c "w miracles z be+ ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 are said to be ly+ signs & wond]s1 prevail+ ) all deceivabl5ess ( unrighte\sness among !m t p]i%2 :]eas ! works ( ,*ri/ & ,8 disciples _h = _! fruit1 n deceit1 b ! salvation ( human s\ls4 ,& :o w\ld rationally ma9ta9 t an improv$ moral life1 :i* daily less5$ ! numb] ( a man's (f5ces1 c\ld proce$ f a sy/em ( deceit8 ,footnote #ada3 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #c1 #d4 ,footnote #adb3 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #f-aj4 ,footnote #adc3 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #aj-ab4 ,footnote #add3 ,cf4 ,dan4 vii4 #bf4 ,*apt] ,,li4 ,celsus1 inde$1 ev9c$ a slight k ( ,scripture :5 he made ,jesus say1 t x is 8a c]ta9 ,satan :o contrives su* devices20 al?\gh he begs ! "q#ade :5 he ass]ts t 8,jesus did n d5y t ^! works h 9 !m no?+ ( div9ity1 b proce$ f wick$ m510 = he makes ?+s :i* diff] 9 k9d to be ! same4 ,n[1 z a wolf is n ( ! same species z a dog1 al?\gh x may appe> to h "s resemblance 9 ! figure ( its body & 9 its voice1 nor a common wood-pigeon#adf ! same z a dove1#adg s !re is no resemblance betwe5 :at is done by ! p[] ( ,god & :at is ! effect ( sorc]y4 ,& we might fur!r say1 9 answ] to ! calumnies ( ,celsus1 ,are ^? to be reg>d$ z miracles :i* are wr\ght ?r\gh sorc]y by wick$ demons1 b ^? n :i* are p]=m$ by a nature t is holy & div9e8 & does human life endure ! worse1 b nev] receive ! bett]8 ,n[ x appe>s to me t we mu/ lay x d[n z a g5]al pr9ciple1 t z1 :]ev] any?+ t is evil w\ld make itself to be ( ! same nature ) ! good1 !re mu/ by all means be some?+ t is good oppos$ to ! evil2 s also1 9 opposition to ^? ?+s :i* are br\ght ab\t by sorc]y1 !re mu/ also ( necessity be "s ?+s 9 human life :i* are ! result ( div9e p[]4 ,& x foll[s f ! same1 t we mu/ ei!r annihilate bo?1 & ass]t t nei!r exi/s1 or1 assum+ ! "o1 & p>ticul>ly ! evil1 admit also ! reality ( ! good4 ,n[1 if "o 7 to lay x d[n t works are wr\ght by means ( sorc]y1 b w\ld n grant t !re are also works :i* are ! product ( div9e p[]1 he w\ld seem to me to resemble him :o %\ld admit ! exi/5ce ( sophisms & plausible argum5ts1 :i* h ! appe>ance ( e/abli%+ ! tru?1 al?\gh really und]m9+ x1 :ile d5y+ t tru? _h any:]e a home among m51 or a dialectic :i* diff]$ f sophi/ry4 ,b if we once admit t x is consi/5t ) ! exi/5ce ( magic & sorc]y 7:i* d]ive _! p[] f evil demons1 :o are spell-b\nd by elaborate incantations1 & become subject to sorc]]s7 t "s works mu/ be f\nd among m5 :i* proce$ f a p[] t is div9e1 :y %all we n te/ ^? :o pr(ess to p]=m !m by _! lives & morals1 & ! consequ5ces ( _! miracles1 viz4 :e!r !y t5d to ! injury ( m5 or to ! re=mation ( conduct8 ,:at m9i/] ( evil demons1 e4g41 c d su* ?+s8 & by means ( :at incantations & magic arts8 ,& :o1 on ! o!r h&1 is x t1 hav+ 8 s\l & 8 _s1 & ,i imag9e also 8 body1 9 a pure & holy /ate1 receives a div9e _s1 & p]=ms su* works 9 ord] to b5efit m51 & to lead !m to believe on ! true ,god8 ,b if we mu/ once inve/igate 7)\t be+ c>ri$ away by ! miracles !mselves7 :o x is t p]=ms !m by help ( a good1 & :o by help ( an evil p[]1 s t we may nei!r sl&] all )\t discrim9ation1 nor yet admire & accept all z div9e1 w x n be manife/1 f :at occurr$ 9 ! times ( ,moses & ,jesus1 :5 entire nations 7 e/abli%$ 9 consequ5ce ( _! miracles1 t ^! m5 wr\ght by means ( div9e p[] :at !y are record$ to h p]=m$8 ,= wick$ness & sorc]y w\ld n h l$ a :ole nation to rise n only above idols & images erect$ by m51 b also above all creat$ ?+s1 & to asc5d to ! uncreat$ orig9 ( ! ,god ( ! univ]se4 ,footnote #ade3 4 ,footnote #adf3 4 ,footnote #adg3 4 ,*apt] ,,lii4 ,b s9ce x is a ,jew :o makes ^! ass]tions 9 ! treatise ( ,celsus1 we w\ld say to him3 ,pray1 fri5d1 :y d y believe ! works :i* are record$ 9 y\r writ+s z hav+ be5 p]=m$ by ,god ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ,moses to be really div9e1 & endeav\r to refute ^? :o sl&]\sly ass]t t !y 7 wr\ght by sorc]y1 l ^? ( ! ,egyptian magicians2 :ile1 9 imitation ( y\r ,egyptian oppon5ts1 y *>ge ^? :i* 7 done by ,jesus1 & :i*1 y admit1 7 actually p]=m$1 ) n be+ div9e8 ,= if ! f9al result1 & ! f\nd+ ( an entire nation by ! miracles ( ,moses1 manife/ly demon/rate t x 0 ,god :o br\ght ^! ?+s to pass 9 ! "t ( ,moses ! ,hebrew lawgiv]1 :y %\ld n su* r be %[n to be ! case ) ,jesus1 :o accompli%$ f> great] works ?an ^? ( ,moses8 ,= ! =m] took ^? ( 8 own nation1 ! desc5dants ( ,abraham1 :o _h obs]v$ ! rite ( circumcision transmitt$ by tradition1 & :o 7 c>eful obs]v]s ( ! ,abrahamic usages1 & l$ !m out ( ,egypt1 enact+ = !m ^? laws :i* y believe to be div9e2 :]eas ! latt] v5tur$ ^u a great] und]tak+1 & sup]9duc$ ^u ! pre-exi/+ con/itution1 & ^u ance/ral cu/oms & modes ( life agreeable to ! exi/+ laws1 a con/itution 9 con=mity ) ! gospel4 ,& z x 0 necess>y1 9 ord] t ,moses %\ld f9d cr$it n only among ! eld]s1 b ! common p1 t !re %\ld be p]=m$ ^? miracles :i* he is record$ to h p]=m$1 :y %\ld n ,jesus also1 9 ord] t ,he may be believ$ on by ^? ( ! p :o _h le>n$ to ask = signs & wond]s1 require to "w su* miracles z1 on acc\nt ( _! great] gr&eur & div9ity 79 comp>ison ) ^? ( ,moses71 7 able to conv]t m5 f ,jewi% fables1 & f ! human traditions :i* prevail$ among !m1 & make !m admit t ,he :o taught & did su* ?+s 0 great] ?an ! prophets8 ,= h[ 0 n ,he great] ?an ! prophets1 :o 0 proclaim$ by !m to be ! ,*ri/1 & ! ,savi\r ( ! human race8 ,*apt] ,,liii4 ,all ! argum5ts1 inde$1 :i* ?is ,jew ( ,celsus advances aga9/ ^? :o believe on ,jesus1 may1 by p>ity ( reason+1 be urg$ z gr\nd ( accusation aga9/ ,moses3 s t !re is no diff]5ce 9 ass]t+ t ! sorc]y practis$ by ,jesus & t by ,moses 7 simil> to ea* o!r1#adh--;bo? ( !m1 s f> z ! language ( ?is ,jew ( ,celsus is conc]n$1 be+ liable to ! same *>ge2 z1 e4g41 :5 ?is ,jew says ( ,*ri/1 8,b1 ,o light & tru?6 ,jesus ) 8 own voice expressly decl>es1 z y y\rselves h record$1 t !re w appe> among y o!rs also1 :o w p]=m miracles l m9e1 b :o are wick$ m5 & sorc]]s10 "s "o1 ei!r ,greek or ,egyptian1 or any o!r p>ty :o disbeliev$ ! ,jew1 might say respect+ ,moses1 8,b1 ,o light & tru?6 ,moses ) 8 own voice expressly decl>es1 z ye also h record$1 t !re w appe> among y o!rs also1 :o w p]=m miracles l m9e1 b :o are wick$ m5 & sorc]]s4 ,= x is writt5 9 y\r law1 #8,if !re arise among y a prophet1 or a dream] ( dreams1 & give? !e a sign or a wond]1 & ! sign or wond] come to pass :]e( he spake unto !e1 say+1 ,let u g aft] o!r gods :i* ?\ ha/ n kn[n1 & let u s]ve !m2 ?\ %alt n he>k5 to ! words ( t prophet or dream] ( dreams1'0#adi etc4 ,aga91 p]v]t+ ! words ( ,jesus1 he says1 8,& he t]ms him :o devises su* ?+s1 "o ,satan20 :ile "o1 apply+ ?is to ,moses1 might say1 8,& he t]ms him :o devises su* ?+s1 a prophet :o dreams dreams40 ,& z ?is ,jew ass]ts reg>d+ ,jesus1 t 8ev5 he himself does n d5y t ^! works h 9 !m no?+ ( div9ity1 b are ! acts ( wick$ m520 s any "o :o disbelieves ! writ+s ( ,moses might say1 quot+ :at has be5 already said1 ! same ?+1 viz41 t 8ev5 ,moses does n d5y t ^! works h 9 !m no?+ ( div9ity1 b are ! acts ( wick$ m540 ,& he w d ! same ?+ also ) respect to ?is3 8,be+ compell$ by ! =ce ( tru?1 ,moses at ! same "t bo? expos$ ! do+s ( o!rs1 & convict$ himself ( ! same40 ,& :5 ! ,jew says1 8,is x n a wret*$ inf]5ce f ! same acts1 to conclude t ! "o is a ,god1 & ! o!rs sorc]]s80 "o might object to him1 on ! gr\nd ( ^? words ( ,moses already quot$1 8,is x n !n a wret*$ inf]5ce f ! same acts1 to conclude t ! "o is a prophet & s]vant ( ,god1 & ! o!rs sorc]]s80 ,b :51 9 addition to ^? comp>isons :i* ,i h already m5tion$1 ,celsus1 dwell+ ^u ! subject1 adduces ?is also3 8,:y f ^! works %\ld ! o!rs be acc\nt$ wick$1 r ?an ?is man1 see+ !y h him z a witness aga9/ himself80--we1 too1 %all adduce ! foll[+1 9 addition to :at has be5 already said3 8,:y1 f ^? passages 9 :i* ,moses =bids u to believe ^? :o exhibit signs & wond]s1 ought we to consid] su* p]sons z wick$1 r ?an ,moses1 because he calumniates "s ( !m 9 respect ( _! signs & wond]s80 ,& urg+ m to ! same effect1 t he may appe> to /r5g!n 8 attempt1 he says3 8,he himself ackn[l$g$ t ^! 7 n ! works ( a div9e nature1 b 7 ! inv5tions ( c]ta9 deceiv]s1 & ( v wick$ m540 ,:o1 !n1 is 8himself80 ,y1 ,o ,jew1 say t x is ,jesus2 b he :o accuses y z liable to ! same *>ges1 w transf] ?is 8himself0 to ! p]son ( ,moses4 ,footnote #adh3 4 ,footnote #adi3 ,deut4 xiii4 #a-c4 ,*apt] ,,liv4 ,aft] ?is1 =soo?1 ! ,jew ( ,celsus1 to keep up ! "* assign$ to ! ,jew f ! beg9n+1 9 8 address to ^? ( 8 c\ntrym5 :o _h become believ]s1 says3 8,by :at1 !n1 7 y induc$ to become 8 foll[]s8 ,0 x because he =etold t aft] 8 dea? he w\ld rise aga980 ,n[ ?is "q1 l ! o!rs1 c be retort$ ^u ,moses4 ,= we might say to ! ,jew3 8,by :at1 !n1 7 y induc$ to become ! foll[] ( ,moses8 ,0 x because he put on record ! foll[+ /atem5t ab\t 8 own dea?3 #8,& ,moses1 ! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 di$ !re1 9 ! l& ( ,moab1 accord+ to ! ^w ( ! ,"l2 & !y buri$ him 9 ,moab1 ne> ! h\se ( ,phogor3 & no "o kn[e? 8 sepul*re until ?is day8'0#aej ,= z ! ,jew ca/s discr$it ^u ! /atem5t1 t 8,jesus =etold t aft] ,8 dea? ,he w\ld rise aga910 ano!r p]son might make a simil> ass]tion ab\t ,moses1 & w\ld say 9 reply1 t ,moses also put on record 7= ! book ( ,deut]onomy is 8 composition7 ! /atem5t1 t 8no "o kn[e? 8 sepul*re until ?is day10 9 ord] to magnify & enhance ! importance ( 8 place ( burial1 z be+ unkn[n to mank9d4 ,footnote #aej3 ,cf4 ,deut4 xxxiv4 #e1 #f4 ,*apt] ,,lv4 ,! ,jew cont9ues 8 address to ^? ( 8 c\ntrym5 :o are conv]ts1 z foll[s3 8,come n[1 let u grant to y t ! pr$iction 0 actually utt]$4 ,yet h[ _m o!rs are !re :o practise su* juggl+ tricks1 9 ord] to deceive _! simple he>]s1 & :o make ga9 by _! deception8--z 0 ! case1 !y say1 ) ,zamolxis#aea 9 ,scy?ia1 ! slave ( ,py?agoras2 & ) ,py?agoras himself 9 ,italy2 & ) ,rhamps9itus#aeb 9 ,egypt 7! latt] ( :om1 !y say1 play$ at dice ) ,demet] 9 ,hades1 & return$ to ! upp] _w ) a gold5 napk9 :i* he _h receiv$ f h] z a gift72 & also ) ,orpheus#aec among ! ,odrysians1 & ,protesilaus 9 ,!ssaly1 & ,h]cules#aed at ,cape ,tn>us1 & ,!seus4 ,b ! "q is1 :e!r any "o :o 0 really dead ev] rose ) a v]itable body4#aee ,or d y imag9e ! /atem5ts ( o!rs n only to be my?s1 b to h ! appe>ance ( su*1 :ile y h discov]$ a becom+ & cr$ible t]m9ation to y\r drama 9 ! voice f ! cross1 :5 he brea!d 8 la/1 & 9 ! e>?quake & ! d>kness8 ,t :ile alive he 0 ( no assi/ance to himself1 b t :5 dead he rose aga91 & %[$ ! m>ks ( 8 puni%m5t1 & h[ 8 h&s 7 pi]c$ ) nails3 :o beheld ?is8 ,a half-frantic#aef woman1 z y /ate1 & "s o!r "o1 p]haps1 ( ^? :o 7 engag$ 9 ! same sy/em ( delusion1 :o _h ei!r dream$ s1 ow+ to a peculi> /ate ( m9d1#aeg or "u ! influ5ce ( a w&]+ imag9ation _h =m$ to himself an appe>ance accord+ to 8 own wi%es1#aeh :i* has be5 ! case ) numb]less individuals2 or1 :i* is mo/ probable1 "o :o desir$ to impress o!rs ) ?is port5t1 & by su* a falsehood to furni% an occasion to impo/ors l himself40 ,n[1 s9ce x is a ,jew :o makes ^! /atem5ts1 we %all conduct ! def5ce ( our ,jesus z if we 7 reply+ to a ,jew1 /ill cont9u+ ! comp>ison d]iv$ f ! acc\nts reg>d+ ,moses1 & say+ to him3 8,h[ _m o!rs are !re :o practise simil> juggl+ tricks to ^? ( ,moses1 9 ord] to deceive _! silly he>]s1 & :o make ga9 by _! deception80 ,n[ ?is objection w\ld be m appropriate 9 ! m\? ( "o :o did n believe 9 ,moses 7z we might quote ! in/ances ( ,zamolxis & ,py?agoras1 :o 7 engag$ 9 su* juggl+ tricks7 ?an 9 t ( a ,jew1 :o is n v le>n$ 9 ! hi/ories ( ! ,greeks4 ,an ,egyptian1 moreov]1 :o did n believe ! miracles ( ,moses1 might cr$ibly adduce ! in/ance ( ,rhamps9itus1 say+ t x 0 f> m cr$ible t he _h desc5d$ to ,hades1 & _h play$ at dice ) ,demet]1 & t aft] /eal+ f h] a gold5 napk9 he exhibit$ x z a sign ( 8 hav+ be5 9 ,hades1 & ( 8 hav+ return$ !nce1 ?an t ,moses %\ld h record$ t he ent]$ into ! d>kness1 :]e ,god 01 & t he alone1 above all o!rs1 drew ne> to ,god4 ,= ! foll[+ is 8 /atem5t3 8,moses alone %all come ne> ! ,"l2 b ! re/ %all n come nigh40#aei ,we1 !n1 :o are ! disciples ( ,jesus1 say to ! ,jew :o urges ^! objections3 8,:ile assail+ our belief 9 ,jesus1 def5d y\rself1 & answ] ! ,egyptian & ! ,greek objectors3 :at w y say to ^? *>ges :i* y br\ght aga9/ our ,jesus1 b :i* also might be br\ght aga9/ ,moses fir/8 ,& if y %\ld make a vigor\s ef=t to def5d ,moses1 z inde$ 8 hi/ory does admit ( a cle> & p[]ful def5ce1 y w unconsci\sly1 9 y\r support ( ,moses1 be an unwill+ assi/ant 9 e/abli%+ ! great] div9ity ( ,jesus40 ,footnote #aea3 ,cf4 ,h]odot4 iv4 #ie4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,cf4 ,h]odot4 ii4 #abb4 ,footnote #aec3 ,cf4 ,diodor4 iv4 ,bibl4 ,hi/4 ,footnote #aed3 ,cf4 ,diodor4 iv4 ,bibl4 ,hi/4 ,footnote #aee3 4 ,footnote #aef3 4 ,footnote #aeg3 4 ,footnote #aeh3 4 ,footnote #aei3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xxiv4 #b4 ,*apt] ,,lvi4 ,b s9ce ! ,jew says t ^! hi/ories ( ! alleg$ desc5t ( h]oes to ,hades1 & ( _! return !nce1 are juggl+ impositions1#afj ma9ta9+ t ^! h]oes disappe>$ = a c]ta9 "t1 & secretly )drew !mselves f ! sight ( all m51 & gave !mselves out aft]w>ds z hav+ return$ f ,hades1--= su* is ! mean+ :i* 8 words seem to convey respect+ ! ,odrysian ,orpheus1 & ! ,!ssalian ,protesilaus1 & ! ,tn>ian ,h]cules1 & ,!seus also1--let u endeav\r to %[ t ! acc\nt ( ,jesus be+ rais$ f ! dead _c possibly be comp>$ to ^!4 ,= ea* "o ( ! h]oes respectively m5tion$ might1 _h he wi%$1 h secretly )drawn himself f ! sight ( m51 & return$ aga91 if s det]m9$1 to ^? :om he _h left2 b see+ t ,jesus 0 crucifi$ be=e all ! ,jews1 & ,8 body sla9 9 ! pres5ce ( ,8 nation1 h[ c !y br+ !mselves to say t ,he practis$ a simil> deception#afa ) ^? h]oes :o are relat$ to h gone d[n to ,hades1 & to h return$ !nce8 ,b we say t ! foll[+ consid]ation might be adduc$1 p]haps1 z a def5ce ( ! public crucifixion ( ,jesus1 especially 9 connection ) ! exi/5ce ( ^? /ories ( h]oes :o are suppos$ to h be5 compell$#afb to desc5d to ,hades3 t if we 7 to suppose ,jesus to h di$ an obscure dea?1 s t ! fact ( ,8 decease 0 n pat5t to ! :ole nation ( ! ,jews1 & aft]w>ds to h actually ris5 f ! dead1 !re w\ld1 9 su* a case1 h be5 gr\nd = ! same suspicion ent]ta9$ reg>d+ ! h]oes be+ also ent]ta9$ reg>d+ ,himself4 ,probably1 !n1 9 addition to o!r causes = ! crucifixion ( ,jesus1 ?is also may h contribut$ to ,8 dy+ a conspicu\s dea? ^u ! cross1 t no "o might h x 9 8 p[] to say t ,he volunt>ily )drew f ! sight ( m51 & seem$ only to die1 )\t really do+ s2 b1 appe>+ aga91 made a juggl]'s trick#afc ( ! resurrection f ! dead4 ,b a cle> & unmi/akeable pro( ( ! fact ,i hold to be ! und]tak+ ( ,8 disciples1 :o devot$ !mselves to ! tea*+ ( a doctr9e :i* 0 att5d$ ) dang] to human life1--a doctr9e :i* !y w\ld n h taught ) su* c\rage _h !y inv5t$ ! resurrection ( ,jesus f ! dead2 & :o also1 at ! same "t1 n only prep>$ o!rs to despise dea?1 b 7 !mselves ! fir/ to manife/ _! disreg>d = its t]rors4 ,footnote #afj3 4 ,footnote #afa3 1 etc4 ,footnote #afb3 4 ,boh]eau proposes ! omission ( 4 ,footnote #afc3 4 ,*apt] ,,lvii4 ,b obs]ve :e!r ?is ,jew ( ,celsus does n talk v bl9dly1 9 say+ t x is impossible = any "o to rise f ! dead ) a v]itable body1 8 language be+3 8,b ?is is ! "q1 :e!r any "o :o 0 really dead ev] rose aga9 ) a v]itable body80 ,n[ a ,jew w\ld n h utt]$ ^! words1 :o believ$ :at is record$ 9 ! ?ird & f\r? books ( ,k+s reg>d+ little *ildr51 ( :om ! "o 0 rais$ up by ,elijah1#afd & ! o!r by ,eli%a4#afe ,& on ?is acc\nt1 too1 ,i ?9k x 0 t ,jesus appe>$ to no o!r nation ?an ! ,jews1 :o _h become accu/om$ to miracul\s occurr5ces2 s t1 by comp>+ :at !y !mselves believ$ ) ! works :i* 7 done by ,him1 & ) :at 0 relat$ ( ,him1 !y might confess t ,he1 9 reg>d to :om great] ?+s 7 done1 & by :om mighti] m>vels 7 p]=m$1 0 great] ?an all ^? :o prec$$ ,him4 ,footnote #afd3 ,cf4 #a ,k+s xvii4 #ba1 #bb4 ,footnote #afe3 ,cf4 #b ,k+s iv4 #cd1 #ce4 ,*apt] ,,lviii4 ,fur!r1 aft] ^! ,greek /ories :i* ! ,jew adduc$ respect+ ^? :o 7 guilty ( juggl+ practices1#aff & :o pret5d$ to h ris5 f ! dead1 he says to ^? ,jews :o are conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity3 8,d y imag9e ! /atem5ts ( o!rs n only to be my?s1 b to h ! appe>ance ( su*1 :ile y h discov]$ a becom+ & cr$ible t]m9ation to y\r drama 9 ! voice f ! cross1 :5 he brea!d 8 la/80 ,we reply to ! ,jew3 8,:at y adduce z my?s1 we reg>d also z su*2 b ! /atem5ts ( ! ,scriptures :i* are common to u bo?1 9 :i* n y only1 b we also1 take pride1 we d n at all reg>d z my?s4 ,& !re=e we accord our belief to ^? :o h !re9 relat$ t "s rose f ! dead1 z n be+ guilty ( imposition2 & to ,him especially !re m5tion$ z hav+ ris51 :o bo? pr$ict$ ! ev5t ,himself1 & 0 ! subject ( pr$iction by o!rs4 ,& ,8 resurrection is m miracul\s ?an t ( ! o!rs 9 ?is respect1 t !y 7 rais$ by ! prophets ,elijah & ,eli%a1 :ile ,he 0 rais$ by none ( ! prophets1 b by ,8 ,fa!r 9 heav54 ,& !re=e ,8 resurrection also produc$ great] results ?an !irs4 ,= :at great good has accru$ to ! _w f ! resurrection ( ! *ildr5 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ,elijah & ,eli%a1 su* z has result$ f ! prea*+ ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 accept$ z an article ( belief1 & z effect$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( div9e p[]80 ,footnote #aff3 4 ,*apt] ,,lix4 ,he imag9es also t bo? ! e>?quake & ! d>kness 7 an inv5tion2#afg b reg>d+ ^!1 we h 9 ! prec$+ pages made our def5ce1 accord+ to our ability1 adduc+ ! te/imony ( ,phlegon1 :o relates t ^! ev5ts took place at ! "t :5 our ,savi\r suff]$4 ,& he goes on to say1 t 8,jesus1 :ile alive1 0 ( no assi/ance to himself1 b t he arose aft] dea?1 & exhibit$ ! m>ks ( 8 puni%m5t1 & %[$ h[ 8 h&s _h be5 pi]c$ by nails40 ,we ask him :at he means by ! expression1 80 ( no assi/ance to himself80 ,= if he means x to ref] to want ( virtue1 we reply t ,he 0 ( v great assi/ance4 ,= ,he nei!r utt]$ nor committ$ any?+ t 0 improp]1 b 0 truly 8l$ z a %eep to ! slaught]1 & 0 dumb z a lamb be=e ! %e>]20#afh & ! ,gospel te/ifies t ,he op5$ n ,8 m\?4 ,b if ,celsus applies ! expression to ?+s indiff]5t & corporeal1#afi mean+ t 9 su* ,jesus c\ld r5d] no help to ,himself1 we say t we h prov$ f ! ,gospels t ,he w5t volunt>ily to enc\nt] ,8 suff]+s4 ,speak+ next ( ! /atem5ts 9 ! ,gospels1 t aft] ,8 resurrection ,he %[$ ! m>ks ( ,8 puni%m5t1 & h[ ,8 h&s _h be5 pi]c$1 he asks1 8,:o beheld ?is80 ,& discr$it+ ! n>rative ( ,m>y ,magdal5e1 :o is relat$ to h se5 ,him1 he replies1 8,a half-frantic woman1 z ye /ate40 ,& because %e is n ! only "o :o is record$ to h se5 ! ,savi\r aft] ,8 resurrection1 b o!rs also are m5tion$1 ?is ,jew ( ,celsus calumniates ^! /atem5ts also 9 add+1 8,& "s "o else ( ^? engag$ 9 ! same sy/em ( deception60 ,footnote #afg3 4 ,footnote #afh3 ,isa4 liii4 #g4 ,footnote #afi3 80 4 ,*apt] ,,lx4 ,9 ! next place1 z if ?is 7 possible1 viz4 t ! image ( a man :o 0 dead c\ld appe> to ano!r z if he 7 /ill liv+1 he adopts ?is op9ion z an ,epicurean1 & says1 8,t "s "o hav+ s dream$ ow+ to a peculi> /ate ( m9d1 or hav+1 "u ! influ5ce ( a p]v]t$ imag9ation1 =m$ su* an appe>ance z he himself desir$1 report$ t su* _h be5 se52 & ?is10 he cont9ues1 8has be5 ! case ) numb]less individuals40 ,b ev5 if ?is /atem5t ( 8 seems to h a consid]able degree ( =ce1 x is nev]!less only fitt$ to confirm a necess>y doctr9e1 t ! s\l ( ! dead exi/s 9 a sep>ate /ate f ! body2 & he :o adopts su* an op9ion does n believe )\t good reason 9 ! immortality1 or at lea/ cont9u$ exi/5ce1 ( ! s\l1 z ev5 ,plato says 9 8 treatise on ! ,s\l t %ad[y phantoms ( p]sons already dead h appe>$ to "s ar\nd _! sepul*res4 ,n[ ! phantoms :i* exi/ ab\t ! s\l ( ! dead are produc$ by "s sub/ance1 & ?is sub/ance is 9 ! s\l1 :i* exi/s ap>t 9 a body said to be ( spl5did appe>ance4#agj ,b ,celsus1 unwill+ to admit any su* view1 w h x t "s dream$ a wak+ dream1#aga &1 "u ! influ5ce ( a p]v]t$ imag9ation1 =m$ to !mselves su* an image z !y desir$4 ,n[ x is n irrational to believe t a dream may take place :ile "o is asleep2 b to suppose a wak+ vision 9 ! case ( ^? :o are n altoge!r out ( _! s5ses1 & "u ! influ5ce ( delirium or hypo*ondria1 is incr$ible4 ,& ,celsus1 see+ ?is1 call$ ! woman 8half-mad10--a /atem5t :i* is n made by ! hi/ory record+ ! fact1 b f :i* he took occasion to *>ge ! occurr5ces ) be+ untrue4 ,footnote #agj3 1 4 ,cf4 note 9 ,b5$ict9e ed4 ,footnote #aga3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxi4 ,jesus accord+ly1 z ,celsus imag9es1 exhibit$ aft] ,8 dea? only ! appe>ance ( w\nds receiv$ on ! cross1 & 0 n 9 reality s w\nd$ z ,he is describ$ to h be52 :]eas1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ! ,gospel--"s portions ( :i* ,celsus arbitr>ily accepts1 9 ord] to f9d gr\nd ( accusation1 & o!r p>ts ( :i* he rejects--,jesus call$ to ,him "o ( ,8 disciples :o 0 sceptical1 & :o deem$ ! miracle an impossibility4 ,t individual _h1 inde$1 express$ 8 belief 9 ! /atem5t ( ! woman :o said t %e _h se5 ,him1 because he did n ?9k x impossible t ! s\l ( a dead man c\ld be se52 b he did n yet consid] ! report to be true t ,he _h be5 rais$ 9 a body1 :i* 0 ! antitype ( ! =m]4#agb ,& !re=e he did n m]ely say1 8,unless ,i see1 ,i w n believe20 b he add$1 8,unless ,i put my h& into ! pr9t ( ! nails1 & lay my h&s ^u ,8 side1 ,i w n believe40 ,^! words 7 spok5 by ,?omas1 :o deem$ x possible t ! body ( ! s\l might be se5 by ! eye ( s5se1 resembl+ 9 all respects its =m] appe>ance1 8,bo? 9 size1 & 9 beauty ( eyes1 ,& 9 voice20 & frequ5tly1 too1 8,hav+1 also1 su* g>m5ts ar\nd ! p]son#agc z :5 alive40 ,jesus accord+ly1 hav+ call$ ,?omas1 said1 8,rea* hi!r ?y f+]1 & behold my h&s2 & rea* hi!r ?y h&1 & ?ru/ x into my side3 & be n fai?less1 b believ+40#agd ,footnote #agb3 4 ,footnote #agc3 ,cf4 ,hom]1 ,iliad1 xxiii4 #ff1 #fg4 ,footnote #agd3 ,cf4 ,john xx4 #bg4 ,*apt] ,,lxii4 ,n[ x foll[$ f all ! pr$ictions :i* 7 utt]$ reg>d+ ,him--among/ :i* 0 ?is pr$iction ( ! resurrection--& f all t 0 done by ,him1 & f all ! ev5ts :i* befell ,him1 t ?is ev5t %\ld be m>vell\s above all o!rs4 ,= x _h be5 said be=eh& by ! prophet 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus3 8,my fle% %all re/ 9 hope1 & ,?\ wilt n leave my s\l 9 ,hades1 & wilt n suff] ,?9e ,holy ,"o to see corruption40#age ,& truly1 aft] ,8 resurrection1 ,he exi/$ 9 a body int]m$iate1 z x 71 betwe5 ! grossness ( t :i* ,he _h be=e ,8 suff]+s1 & ! appe>ance ( a s\l uncov]$ by su* a body4 ,& h5ce x 01 t :5 ,8 disciples 7 toge!r1 & ,?omas ) !m1 !re 8came ,jesus1 ! doors be+ %ut1 & /ood 9 ! mid/1 & said1 ,peace be unto y4 ,!n sai? ,he to ,?omas1 ,rea* hi!r ?y f+]10#agf etc4 ,& 9 ! ,gospel ( ,luke also1 :ile ,simon & ,cleopas 7 conv]s+ ) ea* o!r respect+ all t _h happ5$ to !m1 ,jesus 8drew ne>1 & w5t ) !m4 ,& _! eyes 7 hold51 t !y %\ld n "k ,him4 ,& ,he said unto !m1 ,:at mann] ( communications are ^! t ye h "o to ano!r1 z ye walk80 ,& :5 _! eyes 7 op5$1 & !y knew ,him1 !n ! ,scripture says1 9 express words1 8,& ,he vani%$ out ( _! sight40#agg ,& al?\gh ,celsus may wi% to place :at is told ( ,jesus1 & ( ^? :o saw ,him aft] ,8 resurrection1 on ! same level ) imag9>y appe>ances ( a diff]5t k9d1 & ^? :o h inv5t$ su*1 yet to ^? :o in/itute a c&id & intellig5t exam9ation1 ! ev5ts w appe> only ! m miracul\s4 ,footnote #age3 ,ps4 xvi4 #i1 #aj4 ,footnote #agf3 ,john xx4 #bf1 #bg4 ,footnote #agg3 ,luke xxiv4 #ae1 #ca4 ,*apt] ,,lxiii4 ,aft] ^! po9ts1 ,celsus proce$s to br+ aga9/ ! ,gospel n>rative a *>ge :i* is n to be lightly pass$ ov]1 say+ t 8if ,jesus desir$ to %[ t 8 p[] 0 really div9e1 he ought to h appe>$ to ^? :o _h ill-treat$ him1 & to him :o _h condemn$ him1 & to all m5 univ]sally40 ,= x appe>s to u also to be true1 accord+ to ! ,gospel acc\nt1 t ,he 0 n se5 aft] ,8 resurrection 9 ! same mann] z ,he us$ =m]ly to %[ ,himself--publicly1 & to all m54 ,b x is record$ 9 ! ,acts1 t 8be+ se5 dur+ =ty days10 ,he exp\nd$ to ,8 disciples 8! ?+s p]ta9+ to ! k+dom ( ,god40#agh ,& 9 ! ,gospels#agi x is n /at$ t ,he 0 always ) !m2 b t on "o occasion ,he appe>$ 9 _! mid/1 aft] eight days1 :5 ! doors 7 %ut1 & on ano!r 9 "s simil> fa%ion4 ,& ,paul also1 9 ! conclud+ portions ( ! fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 9 ref]5ce to ,8 n hav+ publicly appe>$ z ,he did 9 ! p]iod be=e ,he suff]$1 writes z foll[s3 8,= ,i deliv]$ unto y fir/ ( all t :i* ,i also receiv$1 h[ t ,*ri/ di$ = our s9s accord+ to ! ,scriptures2 & t ,he 0 se5 ( ,cephas1 !n ( ! twelve3 aft] t ,he 0 se5 ( above five hundr$ bre?r5 at once1 ( :om ! great] "p rema9 unto ! pres5t "t1 b "s are fall5 asleep4 ,aft] t ,he 0 se5 ( ,james1 !n ( all ! apo/les4 ,& la/ ( all ,he 0 se5 ( me also1 z ( "o born out ( due "t40#ahj ,i am ( op9ion n[ t ! /atem5ts 9 ?is passage conta9 "s great & wond]ful my/]ies1 :i* are beyond ! grasp n m]ely ( ! great multitude ( ord9>y believ]s1 b ev5 ( ^? :o are f> advanc$ 9 ,*ri/ian k1 & t 9 !m ! reason w\ld be expla9$ :y ,he did n %[ ,himself1 aft] ,8 resurrection f ! dead1 9 ! same mann] z be=e t ev5t4 ,& 9 a treatise ( ?is nature1 compos$ 9 answ] to a "w direct$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians & _! fai?1 obs]ve :e!r we are able to adduce a few rational argum5ts out ( a great] numb]1 & ?us make an impression ^u ! he>]s ( ?is apology4 ,footnote #agh3 ,acts i4 #c4 ,footnote #agi3 ,cf4 ,john xx4 #bf4 ,footnote #ahj3 #a ,cor4 xv4 #c-h4 ,*apt] ,,lxiv4 ,al?\gh ,jesus 0 only a s+le individual1 ,he 0 nev]!less m ?+s ?an "o1 accord+ to ! diff]5t /&po9t f :i* ,he might be reg>d$2#aha nor 0 ,he se5 9 ! same way by all :o beheld ,him4 ,n[1 t ,he 0 m ?+s ?an "o1 accord+ to ! v>y+ po9t ( view1 is cle> f ?is /atem5t1 8,i am ! way1 & ! tru?1 & ! life20 & f ?is1 8,i am ! bread20 & ?is1 8,i am ! door10 & innum]able o!rs4 ,& t :5 se5 ,he did n appe> 9 l fa%ion to all ^? :o saw ,him1 b accord+ to _! sev]al ability to receive ,him1 w be cle> to ^? :o notice :y1 at ! "t :5 ,he 0 ab\t to be transfigur$ on ! high m\nta91 ,he did n admit all ,8 apo/les to ?is sight1 b only ,pet]1 & ,james1 & ,john1 because !y alone 7 capable ( behold+ ,8 glory on t occasion1 & ( obs]v+ ! glorifi$ appe>ance ( ,moses & ,elijah1 & ( li/5+ to _! conv]sation1 & to ! voice f ! heav5ly cl\d4 ,i am ( op9ion1 too1 t be=e ,he asc5d$ ! m\nta9 :]e ,8 disciples came to ,him alone1 & :]e ,he taught !m ! beatitudes1 :5 ,he 0 some:]e 9 ! l[] "p ( ! m\nta91 & :51 z x became late1 ,he heal$ ^? :o 7 br\ght to ,him1 free+ !m f all sickness & disease1 ,he did n appe> ! same p]son to ! sick1 & to ^? :o ne$$ ,8 heal+ aid1 z to ^? :o 7 able by reason ( _! /r5g? to g up ! m\nta9 along ) ,him4 ,nay1 ev5 :5 ,he int]pret$ privately to ,8 own disciples ! p>ables :i* 7 deliv]$ to ! multitudes )\t1 f :om ! explanation 0 )held1 z !y :o he>d !m expla9$ 7 end[$ ) high] organs ( he>+ ?an !y :o he>d !m )\t explanation1 s 0 x altoge!r ! same ) ! eyes ( _! s\l1 &1 ,i ?9k1 also ) ^? ( _! body4#ahb ,& ! foll[+ /atem5t %[s t ,he _h n always ! same appe>ance1 viz4 t ,judas1 :5 ab\t to betray ,him1 said to ! multitudes :o 7 sett+ out ) him1 z n be+ acqua9t$ ) ,him1 8,:omsoev] ,i %all kiss1 ! same is he40#ahc ,& ,i ?9k t ! ,savi\r ,himself indicates ! same ?+ by ! words3 8,i 0 daily ) y1 tea*+ 9 ! temple1 & ye laid no hold on me40#ahd ,ent]ta9+1 !n1 su* exalt$ views reg>d+ ,jesus1 n only ) respect to ! ,deity )91 & :i* 0 hidd5 f ! view ( ! multitude1 b ) respect to ! transfiguration ( ,8 body1 :i* took place :5 & to :om ,he w\ld1 we say1 t be=e ,jesus _h 8put (f ! gov]nm5ts & p[]s10#ahe & :ile z yet ,he 0 n dead unto s91 all m5 7 capable ( see+ ,him2 b t1 :5 ,he _h 8put (f ! gov]nm5ts & p[]s10 & _h no long] any?+ :i* 0 capable ( be+ se5 by ! multitude1 all :o _h =m]ly se5 ,him 7 n n[ able to behold ,him4 ,& !re=e1 sp>+ !m1 ,he did n %[ ,himself to all aft] ,8 resurrection f ! dead4 ,footnote #aha3 4 ,footnote #ahb3 1 ' 1 4 ,footnote #ahc3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #dh4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ee4 ,footnote #ahe3 1 etc4 ,cf4 ,al=d1 9 loco 7,col4 ii4 #ae74 ,*apt] ,,lxv4 ,& :y d ,i say 8to all80 ,= ev5 ) ,8 own apo/les & disciples ,he 0 n p]petually pres5t1 nor did ,he con/antly %[ ,himself to !m1 because !y 7 n able )\t int]mission#ahf to receive ,8 div9ity4 ,= ,8 deity 0 m respl5d5t aft] ,he _h f9i%$ ! economy#ahg ( salvation3 & ?is ,pet]1 surnam$ ,cephas1 ! fir/-fruits z x 7 ( ! apo/les1 0 enabl$ to behold1 & along ) him ! twelve 7,mat?ias hav+ be5 sub/itut$ 9 room ( ,judas72 & aft] !m ,he appe>$ to ! five hundr$ bre?r5 at once1 & !n to ,james1 & subsequ5tly to all ! o!rs besides ! twelve apo/les1 p]haps to ! sev5ty also1 & la/ly to ,paul1 z to "o born out ( due "t1 & :o knew well h[ to say1 8,unto me1 :o am less ?an ! lea/ ( all sa9ts1 is ?is grace giv520 & probably ! expression 8lea/ ( all0 has ! same mean+ ) 8"o born out ( due "t40 ,= z no "o c\ld reasonably blame ,jesus = n hav+ admitt$ all ,8 apo/les to ! high m\nta91 b only ! ?ree already m5tion$1 on ! occasion ( ,8 transfiguration1 :5 ,he 0 ab\t to manife/ ! spl5d\r :i* appe>$ 9 ,8 g>m5ts1 & ! glory ( ,moses & ,elias talk+ ) ,him1 s none c\ld reasonably object to ! /atem5ts ( ! apo/les1 :o introduce ! appe>ance ( ,jesus aft] ,8 resurrection z hav+ be5 made n to all1 b to ^? only :om ,he knew to h receiv$ eyes capable ( see+ ,8 resurrection4 ,i ?9k1 moreov]1 t ! foll[+ /atem5t reg>d+ ,him has an apologetic value#ahh 9 ref]5ce to our subject1 viz43 8,= to ?is end ,*ri/ di$1 & rose aga91 t ,he might be ,"l bo? ( ! dead & liv+40#ahi ,= obs]ve1 x is convey$ 9 ^! words1 t ,jesus di$ t ,he might be ,"l ( ! dead2 & t ,he rose aga9 to be ,"l n only ( ! dead1 b also ( ! liv+4 ,& ! apo/le und]/&s1 und\bt$ly1 by ! dead ov] :om ,*ri/ is to be ,"l1 ^? :o are s call$ 9 ! fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 8,= ! trumpet %all s\nd1 & ! dead %all be rais$ incorruptible20#aij & by ! liv+1 ^? :o are to be *ang$1 & :o are diff]5t f ! dead :o are to be rais$4 ,& respect+ ! liv+ ! words are ^!1 8,& we %all be *ang$20 an expression :i* foll[s imm$iately aft] ! /atem5t1 8,! dead %all be rais$ fir/40#aia ,moreov]1 9 ! fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,!ssalonians1 describ+ ! same *ange 9 diff]5t words1 he says t !y :o sleep are n ! same z ^? :o are alive2 8 language be+1 8,i w\ld n h y to be ignorant1 bre?r51 conc]n+ !m :o are asleep1 t ye sorr[ n1 ev5 z o!rs :i* h no hope4 ,= if we believe t ,jesus di$1 & rose aga91 ev5 s !m also t sleep 9 ,jesus w ,god br+ ) ,him4 ,= ?is we say unto y by ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 t we :o are alive & rema9 unto ! com+ ( ! ,"l1 %all n prev5t !m t are asleep40#aib ,! explanation :i* appe>$ to u to be appropriate to ?is passage1 we gave 9 ! exegetical rem>ks :i* we h made on ! fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,!ssalonians4 ,footnote #ahf3 4 ,footnote #ahg3 4 ,footnote #ahh3 ' 4 ,footnote #ahi3 ,cf4 ,rom4 xiv4 #i4 ,footnote #aij3 #a ,cor4 xv4 #eb4 ,footnote #aia3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #eb ) #a ,!ss4 iv4 #af4 ,footnote #aib3 ,cf4 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #ac-ae4 ,*apt] ,,lxvi4 ,& be n surpris$ if all ! multitudes :o h believ$ on ,jesus d n behold ,8 resurrection1 :5 ,paul1 writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 c say to !m1 z be+ incapable ( receiv+ great] matt]s1 8,= ,i det]m9$ n to "k any?+ among y1 save ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,him crucifi$20#aic :i* is ! same z say+1 8,hi!rto ye 7 n able1 nei!r yet n[ are ye able1 = ye are /ill c>nal40#aid ,! ,scripture1 !re=e1 do+ ev]y?+ by appo9tm5t ( ,god1 has record$ ( ,jesus1 t be=e ,8 suff]+s ,he appe>$ to all indiff]5tly1 b n always2 :ile aft] ,8 suff]+s ,he no long] appe>$ to all 9 ! same way1 b ) a c]ta9 discrim9ation :i* measur$ out to ea* 8 due4 ,& z x is relat$ t 8,god appe>$ to ,abraham10 or to "o ( ! sa9ts1 & ?is 8appe>ance0 0 n a ?+ ( con/ant occurr5ce1 b took place at int]vals1 & n to all1 s und]/& t ! ,son ( ,god appe>$ 9 ! "o case on ! same pr9ciple t ,god appe>$ to ! latt]4#aie ,footnote #aic3 #a ,cor4 ii4 #b4 ,footnote #aid3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 iii4 #b1 #c4 ,footnote #aie3 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,lxvii4 ,to ! be/ ( our ability1 !re=e1 z 9 a treatise ( ?is nature1 we h answ]$ ! objection1 t 8if ,jesus _h really wi%$ to manife/ 8 div9e p[]1 he ought to h %[n himself to ^? :o ill-treat$ him1 & to ! judge :o condemn$ him1 & to all )\t res]vation40 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 no obligation on ,him to appe> ei!r to ! judge :o condemn$ ,him1 or to ^? :o ill-treat$ ,him4 ,= ,jesus sp>$ bo? ! "o & ! o!r1 t !y might n be smitt5 ) bl9dness1 z ! m5 ( ,sodom 7 :5 !y conspir$ aga9/ ! beauty ( ! angels ent]ta9$ by ,lot4 ,& "h is ! acc\nt ( ! matt]3 8,b ! m5 put =? _! h&1 & pull$ ,lot into ! h\se to !m1 & %ut to ! door4 ,& !y smote ! m5 :o 7 at ! door ( ! h\se ) bl9dness1 bo? small & great2 s t !y we>i$ !mselves to f9d ! door40#aif ,jesus1 accord+ly1 wi%$ to %[ t ,8 p[] 0 div9e to ea* "o :o 0 capable ( see+ x1 & accord+ to ! measure ( ,8 capability4 ,& ,i d n suppose t ,he gu>d$ aga9/ be+ se5 on any o!r gr\nd ?an f a reg>d to ! fitness ( ^? :o 7 incapable ( see+ ,him4 ,& x is 9 va9 = ,celsus to add1 8,= he _h no long] occasion to fe> any man aft] 8 dea?1 be+1 z y say1 a ,god2 nor 0 he s5t into ! _w at all = ! purpose ( be+ hid40 ,yet ,he 0 s5t into ! _w n only to become kn[n1 b also to be hid4 ,= all t ,he 01 0 n kn[n ev5 to ^? to :om ,he 0 kn[n1 b a c]ta9 "p ( ,him rema9$ conceal$ ev5 f !m2 & to "s ,he 0 n kn[n at all4 ,& ,he op5$ ! gates ( light to ^? :o 7 ! sons ( d>kness & ( night1 & _h devot$ !mselves to becom+ ! sons ( light & ( ! day4 ,= our ,savi\r ,"l1 l a good physician1 came r to u :o 7 full ( s9s1 ?an to ^? :o 7 righte\s4 ,footnote #aif3 ,cf4 ,g54 xix4 #aj1 #aa4 ,*apt] ,,lxviii4 ,b let u obs]ve h[ ?is ,jew ( ,celsus ass]ts t1 8if ?is at lea/ w\ld h help$ to manife/ 8 div9ity1 he ought accord+ly to h at once disappe>$ f ! cross40 ,n[ ?is seems to me to be l ! argum5t ( ^? :o oppose ! doctr9e ( provid5ce1 & :o arrange ?+s diff]5tly f :at !y are1 & allege t ! _w w\ld be bett] if x 7 z !y arrange x4 ,n[1 9 ^? in/ances 9 :i* _! arrangem5t is a possible "o1 !y are prov$ to make ! _w1 s f> z dep5ds ^u !m1 worse by _! arrangem5t ?an x actually is2 :ile 9 ^? cases 9 :i* !y d n portray ?+s worse ?an !y really are1 !y are %[n1 to desire impossibilities2 s t 9 ei!r case !y are des]v+ ( ridicule4 ,& "h1 accord+ly1 t !re 0 no impossibility 9 ,8 com+1 z a be+ ( div9] nature1 9 ord] to disappe> :5 ,he *ose1 is cle> f ! v nature ( ! case2 & is c]ta91 moreov]1 f :at is record$ ( ,him1 9 ! judgm5t ( ^? :o d n adopt c]ta9 portions m]ely ( ! n>rative t !y may h gr\nd = accus+ ,*ri/ianity1 & :o consid] o!r portions to be fiction4 ,= x is relat$ 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1 t ,jesus aft] ,8 resurrection took bread1 & bless$ x1 & break+ x1 di/ribut$ x to ,simon & ,cleopas2 & :5 !y _h receiv$ ! bread1 8_! eyes 7 op5$1 & !y knew ,him1 & ,he vani%$ out ( _! sight40#aig ,footnote #aig3 ,cf4 ,luke xxiv4 #cj1 #ca4 ,*apt] ,,lxix4 ,b we wi% to %[ t ,8 in/antane\s bodily disappe>ance f ! cross 0 n bett] fitt$ to s]ve ! purposes ( ! :ole economy ( salvation ?an ,8 rema9+ ^u x 04 ,= ! m]e lett] & n>rative ( ! ev5ts :i* happ5$ to ,jesus d n pres5t ! :ole view ( ! tru?4 ,= ea* "o ( !m c be %[n1 to ^? :o h an intellig5t appreh5sion ( ,scripture1 to be a symbol ( some?+ else4 ,accord+ly1 z ,8 crucifixion conta9s a tru?1 repres5t$ 9 ! words1 8,i am crucifi$ ) ,*ri/10 & intimat$ also 9 ^!1 8,god =bid t ,i %\ld glory1 save 9 ! cross ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om ! _w is crucifi$ to me1 & ,i unto ! _w20#aih & z ,8 dea? 0 necess>y1 because ( ! /atem5t1 8,= 9 t ,he di$1 ,he di$ unto s9 once10#aii & ?is1 8,be+ made con=mable to ,8 dea?10#bjj & ?is1 8,= if we be dead ) ,him1 we %all also live ) ,him30#bja s also ,8 burial has an application to ^? :o h be5 made con=mable to ,8 dea?1 :o h be5 bo? crucifi$ ) ,him1 & h di$ ) ,him2 z is decl>$ by ,paul1 8,= we 7 buri$ ) ,him by baptism1 & h also ris5 ) ,him40#bjb ,^! matt]s1 h[ev]1 :i* relate to ,8 burial1 & 8 sepul*re1 & him :o buri$ ,him1 we %all exp\nd at great] l5g? on a m suitable occasion1 :5 x w be our pr(ess$ purpose to treat ( su* ?+s4 ,b1 = ! pres5t1 x is suffici5t to notice ! clean l95 9 :i* ! pure body ( ,jesus 0 to be enwrapp$1 & ! new tomb :i* ,joseph _h hewn out ( ! rock1 :]e 8no "o 0 yet ly+10#bjc or1 z ,john expresses x1 8:]e9 0 nev] man yet laid40#bjd ,& obs]ve :e!r ! h>mony ( ! ?ree evangeli/s "h is n fitt$ to make an impression3 = !y h ?\ght x "r to describe ! tomb z "o t 0 8qu>ri$ or hewn out ( ! rock20 s t he :o exam9es ! words ( ! n>rative may see some?+ wor?y ( consid]ation1 bo? 9 !m & 9 ! newness ( ! tomb1--a po9t m5tion$ by ,mat!w & ,john1#bje--;& 9 ! /atem5t ( ,luke & ,john1#bjf t no "o _h ev] be5 int]r$ !re9 be=e4 ,= x became ,him1 :o 0 unlike o!r dead m5 7b :o ev5 9 dea? manife/$ signs ( life 9 ! wat] & ! blood71 & :o 01 s to speak1 a new dead man1 to be laid 9 a new & clean tomb1 9 ord] t1 z ,8 bir? 0 pur] ?an any o!r 79 consequ5ce ( ,8 be+ born1 n 9 ! way ( ord9>y g5]ation1 b ( a virg971 ,8 burial also might h ! purity symbolically indicat$ 9 ,8 body be+ deposit$ 9 a sepul*re :i* 0 new1 n built ( /ones ga!r$ f v>i\s qu>t]s1 & hav+ no natural unity1 b qu>ri$ & hew$ out ( "o rock1 unit$ toge!r 9 all its p>ts4 ,reg>d+ ! explanation1 h[ev]1 ( ^! po9ts1 & ! me?od ( asc5d+ f ! n>ratives !mselves to ! ?+s :i* !y symboliz$1 "o might treat m pr(\ndly1 & 9 a mann] m adapt$ to _! div9e "*1 on a m suitable occasion1 9 a "w expressly devot$ to su* subjects4 ,! lit]al n>rative1 h[ev]1 "o might ?us expla91 viz4 t x 0 appropriate = ,him :o _h resolv$ to endure susp5sion ^u ! cross1 to ma9ta9 all ! accompanim5ts ( ! "* ,he _h assum$1 9 ord] t ,he :o z a man _h be5 put to dea?1 & :o z a man _h di$1 might also z a man be buri$4 ,b ev5 if x _h be5 relat$ 9 ! ,gospels1 accord+ to ! view ( ,celsus1 t ,jesus _h imm$iately disappe>$ f ! cross1 he & o!r unbeliev]s w\ld h f\nd fault ) ! n>rative1 & w\ld h br\ght aga9/ x "s su* objection z ?is3 8,:y1 pray1 did he disappe> aft] he _h be5 put ^u ! cross1 & n disappe> be=e he suff]$80 ,if1 !n1 aft] le>n+ f ! ,gospels t ,he did n at once disappe> f ! cross1 !y imag9e t !y c f9d fault ) ! n>rative1 because x did n inv5t1 z !y consid] x ought to h done1 any su* in/antane\s disappe>ance1 b gave a true acc\nt ( ! matt]1 is x n reasonable t !y %\ld accord _! fai? also to ,8 resurrection1 & %\ld believe t ,he1 accord+ to ,8 pleasure1 on "o occasion1 :5 ! doors 7 %ut1 /ood 9 ! mid/ ( ,8 disciples1 & on ano!r1 aft] di/ribut+ bread to two ( ,8 acqua9tances1 imm$iately disappe>$ f view1 aft] ,he _h spok5 to !m c]ta9 words8 ,footnote #aih3 ,cf4 ,gal4 vi4 #ad4 ,footnote #aii3 ,rom4 vi4 #aj4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,phil4 iii4 #aj4 ,footnote #bja3 #b ,tim4 ii4 #aa4 ,footnote #bjb3 ,cf4 ,rom4 vi4 #d4 ,footnote #bjc3 ,luke xxiii4 #ec1 4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,john xix4 #da1 4 ,footnote #bje3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #fj ) ,john xix4 #da4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,cf4 ,luke xxiii4 #ec ) ,john xix4 #da4 ,*apt] ,,lxx4 ,b h[ is x t ?is ,jew ( ,celsus c\ld say t ,jesus conceal$ ,himself8 ,= 8 words reg>d+ ,him are ^!3 8,& :o t is s5t z a mess5g] ev] conceals himself :5 he ought to make kn[n 8 message80 ,n[1 ,he did n conceal ,himself1 :o said to ^? :o s\ght to appreh5d ,him1 8,i 0 daily tea*+ op5ly 9 ! temple1 & ye laid no hold ^u me40 ,b hav+ once already answ]$ ?is *>ge ( ,celsus1 n[ aga9 repeat$1 we %all cont5t ourselves ) :at we h =m]ly said4 ,we h answ]$1 also1 9 ! prec$+ pages1 ?is objection1 t 8:ile he 0 9 ! body1 & no "o believ$ ^u him1 he prea*$ to all )\t int]mission2 b :5 he might h produc$ a p[]ful belief 9 himself aft] ris+ f ! dead1 he %[$ himself secretly only to "o woman1 & to 8 own boon companions40#bjg ,n[ x is n true t ,he %[$ ,himself only to "o woman2 = x is /at$ 9 ! ,gospel accord+ to ,mat!w1 t 89 ! end ( ! ,sabba?1 z x began to dawn t[>ds ! fir/ day ( ! week1 came ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ! o!r ,m>y1 to see ! sepul*re4 ,&1 behold1 !re _h be5 a great e>?quake3 = ! angel ( ! ,"l _h desc5d$ f heav51 & come & roll$ back ! /one40#bjh ,&1 %ortly aft]1 ,mat!w adds3 8,&1 behold1 ,jesus met !m0--cle>ly mean+ ! a=e-m5tion$ ,m>ys--8say+1 ,all hail4 ,& !y came & held ,him by ! feet1 & wor%ipp$ ,him40#bji ,& we answ]$1 too1 ! *>ge1 t 8:ile und]go+ 8 puni%m5t he 0 se5 by all1 b aft] 8 resurrection only by "o10 :5 we (f]$ our def5ce ( ! fact t 8,he 0 n se5 by all40 ,& n[ we might say t ,8 m]ely human attributes 7 visible to all m51 b ^? :i* 7 div9e 9 _! nature--,i speak ( ! attributes n z relat$1 b z di/9ct#baj--7 n capable ( be+ receiv$ by all4 ,b obs]ve "h ! manife/ contradiction into :i* ,celsus falls4 ,= hav+ said1 a little be=e1 t ,jesus _h appe>$ secretly to "o woman & ,8 own boon companions1 he imm$iately subjo9s3 8,:ile und]go+ 8 puni%m5t he 0 se5 by all m51 b aft] 8 resurrection by "o1 :]eas ! opposite ought to h happ5$40 ,& let u he> :at he means by 8ought to h happ5$40 ,! be+ se5 by all m5 :ile und]go+ ,8 puni%m5t1 b aft] ,8 resurrection only by "o individual1 are opposites4#baa ,n[1 s f> z 8 language conveys a mean+1 he w\ld h t to take place :i* is bo? impossible & absurd1 viz41 t :ile und]go+ ,8 puni%m5t ,he %\ld be se5 only by "o individual1 b aft] ,8 resurrection by all m56 or else h[ w y expla9 8 words1 8,! opposite ought to h happ5$80 ,footnote #bjg3 4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,matt4 xxviii4 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #bji3 ,matt4 xxviii4 #i4 ,footnote #baj3 1 4 ,footnote #baa3 1 4 ,! ,b5$ict9e editor reads 1 & ,boh]eau proposes 1 etc4 ,*apt] ,,lxxi4 ,jesus taught u :o x 0 t s5t ,him1 9 ! words1 8,none kn[e? ! ,fa!r b ! ,son20#bab & 9 ^!1 8,no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t2 ! only begott5 ,son1 :o is 9 ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r1 ,he ha? decl>$ ,him40#bac ,he1 treat+ ( ,deity1 /at$ to ,8 true disciples ! doctr9e reg>d+ ,god2 & we1 discov]+ traces ( su* tea*+ 9 ! ,scripture n>ratives1 take occasion f su* to aid our !ological conceptions1#bad he>+ x decl>$ 9 "o passage1 t 8,god is light1 & 9 ,him !re is no d>kness at all20#bae & 9 ano!r1 8,god is a ,_s1 & !y t wor%ip ,him mu/ wor%ip ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?40#baf ,b ! purposes = :i* ! ,fa!r s5t ,him are innum]able2 & ^! any "o may asc]ta9 :o *ooses1 p>tly f ! prophets :o prophesi$ ( ,him1 & p>tly f ! n>ratives ( ! evangeli/s4 ,& n a few ?+s also w he le>n f ! apo/les1 & especially f ,paul4 ,moreov]1 ^? :o are pi\s ,he leade? to ! light1 & ^? :o s9 ,he w puni%1--a circum/ance :i* ,celsus n obs]v+1 has repres5t$ ,him 8z "o :o w lead ! pi\s to ! light1 & :o w h m]cy on o!rs1 :e!r !y s9 or rep5t40#bag ,footnote #bab3 ,cf4 ,luke x4 #bb4 ,footnote #bac3 ,john i4 #ah4 ,footnote #bad3 4 ,footnote #bae3 #a ,john i4 #e4 ,footnote #baf3 ,john iv4 #bd4 ,footnote #bag3 ,! text is1 4 ,boh]eau w\ld read 1 or w\ld r5d] ! passage z if ! read+ 7 1 4 ,?is sugge/ion has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,*apt] ,,lxxii4 ,aft] ! above /atem5ts1 he cont9ues3 8,if he wi%$ to rema9 hid1 :y 0 !re he>d a voice f heav5 proclaim+ him to be ! ,son ( ,god8 ,& if he did n seek to rema9 conceal$1 :y 0 he puni%$8 or :y did he die80 ,n[1 by su* que/ions he ?9ks to convict ! hi/ories ( discrepancy1 n obs]v+ t ,jesus nei!r desir$ all ?+s reg>d+ ,himself to be kn[n to all :om ,he happ5$ to meet1 nor yet all ?+s to be unkn[n4 ,accord+ly1 ! voice f heav5 :i* proclaim$ ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god1 9 ! words1 8,?is is my belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am well pleas$10#bah is n /at$ to h be5 audible to ! multitudes1 z ?is ,jew ( ,celsus suppos$4 ,! voice f ! cl\d on ! high m\nta91 moreov]1 0 he>d only by ^? :o _h gone up ) ,him4 ,= ! div9e voice is ( su* a nature1 z to be he>d only by ^? :om ! speak] wi%es to he> x4 ,& ,i ma9ta91 t ! voice ( ,god :i* is ref]r$ to1 is nei!r air :i* has be5 /ruck1 nor any concussion ( ! air1 nor any?+ else :i* is m5tion$ 9 treatises on ! voice2#bai & !re=e x is he>d by a bett] & m div9e organ ( he>+ ?an t ( s5se4 ,& :5 ! speak] w n h 8 voice to be he>d by all1 he t has ! f9] e> he>s ! voice ( ,god1 :ile he :o has ! e>s ( 8 s\l dead5$ does n p]ceive t x is ,god :o speaks4 ,^! ?+s ,i h m5tion$ because ( 8 ask+1 8,:y 0 !re he>d a voice f heav5 proclaim+ him to be ! ,son ( ,god80 :ile ) respect to ! qu]y1 8,:y 0 he puni%$1 if he wi%$ to rema9 hid80 :at has be5 /at$ at great] l5g? 9 ! prec$+ pages on ! subject ( ,8 suff]+s may suffice4 ,footnote #bah3 ,matt4 iii4 #ag4 ,footnote #bai3 1 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiii4 ,! ,jew proce$s1 aft] ?is1 to /ate z a consequ5ce :at does n foll[ f ! premises2 = x does n foll[ f 8,8 hav+ wi%$1 by ! puni%m5ts :i* ,he und]w5t1 to tea* u also to despise dea?10 t aft] ,8 resurrection ,he %\ld op5ly summon all m5 to ! light1 & in/ruct !m 9 ! object ( ,8 com+4 ,= ,he _h =m]ly summon$ all m5 to ! light 9 ! words1 8,come unto me1 all ye t lab\r & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give y re/40#bbj ,& ! object ( ,8 com+ _h be5 expla9$ at great l5g? 9 ,8 disc\rses on ! beatitudes1 & 9 ! ann\ncem5ts :i* foll[$ !m1 & 9 ! p>ables1 & 9 ,8 conv]sations ) ! scribes & ,ph>isees4 ,& ! in/ruction af=d$ u by ! ,gospel ( ,john1 %[s t ! eloqu5ce ( ,jesus consi/$ n 9 words1 b 9 de$s2 :ile x is manife/ f ! ,gospel n>ratives t ,8 spee* 0 8) p[]10 on :i* acc\nt also !y m>vell$ at ,him4 ,footnote #bbj3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xi4 #bh4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiv4 ,9 addition to all ?is1 ! ,jew fur!r says3 8,all ^! /atem5ts are tak5 f y\r own books1 9 addition to :i* we ne$ no o!r witness2 = ye fall ^u y\r own swords40#bba ,n[ we h prov$ t _m fooli% ass]tions1 oppos$ to ! n>ratives ( our ,gospels1 occur 9 ! /atem5ts ( ! ,jew1 ei!r ) respect to ,jesus or ourselves4 ,& ,i d n ?9k t he has %[n t 8we fall ^u our own swords20 b he only s imag9es4 ,& :5 ! ,jew adds1 9 a g5]al way1 ?is to 8 =m] rem>ks3 8,o mo/ high & heav5ly "o6 :at ,god1 on appe>+ to m51 is receiv$ ) incr$ulity80 we mu/ say to him1 t accord+ to ! acc\nts 9 ! law ( ,moses1 ,god is relat$ to h visit$ ! ,hebrews 9 a mo/ public mann]1 n only 9 ! signs & wond]s p]=m$ 9 ,egypt1 & also 9 ! passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 & 9 ! pill> ( fire & cl\d ( light1 b also :5 ! ,decalogue 0 ann\nc$ to ! :ole p1 & yet 0 receiv$ ) incr$ulity by ^? :o saw ^! ?+s3 = _h !y believ$ :at !y saw & he>d1 !y w\ld n h fa%ion$ ! calf1 nor *ang$ _! own glory into ! lik5ess ( a grass-eat+ calf2 nor w\ld !y h said to "o ano!r ) ref]5ce to ! calf1 8,^! be ?y gods1 ,o ,israel1 :o br\ght !e up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt40#bbb ,& obs]ve :e!r x is n entirely 9 keep+ ) ! "* ( ! same p1 :o =m]ly refus$ to believe su* wond]s & su* appe>ances ( div9ity1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole p]iod ( w&]+ 9 ! wild]ness1 z !y are record$ 9 ! law ( ! ,jews to h done1 to refuse to be conv9c$ also1 on occasion ( ! glori\s adv5t ( ,jesus1 by ! mighty words :i* 7 spok5 by ,him ) au?ority1 & ! m>vels :i* ,he p]=m$ 9 ! pres5ce ( all ! p4 ,footnote #bba3 4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xxxii4 #d4 ,*apt] ,,lxxv4 ,i ?9k :at has be5 /at$ is en\gh to conv9ce any "o t ! unbelief ( ! ,jews ) reg>d to ,jesus 0 9 keep+ ) :at is relat$ ( ?is p f ! beg9n+4 ,= ,i w\ld say 9 reply to ?is ,jew ( ,celsus1 :5 he asks1 8,:at ,god t appe>$ among m5 is receiv$ ) incr$ulity1 & t1 too1 :5 appe>+ to ^? :o expect him8 or :y1 pray1 is he n recognis$ by ^? :o h be5 long look+ = him80 :at answ]1 fri5ds1 w\ld y h u return to y\r#bbc que/ions8 ,:i* class ( miracles1 9 y\r judgm5t1 d y reg>d z ! great]8 ,^? :i* 7 wr\ght 9 ,egypt & ! wild]ness1 or ^? :i* we decl>e t ,jesus p]=m$ among y8 ,= if ! =m] are 9 y\r op9ion great] ?an ! latt]1 does x n appe> f ?is v fact to be 9 con=mity ) ! "* ( ^? :o disbeliev$ ! great] to despise ! less8 ,& ?is is ! op9ion ent]ta9$ ) respect to our acc\nts ( ! miracles ( ,jesus4 ,b if ^? relat$ ( ,jesus are consid]$ to be z great z ^? record$ ( ,moses1 :at /range ?+ has come to pass among a nation :i* has manife/$ incr$ulity ) reg>d to ! comm5cem5t ( bo? disp5sations8#bbd ,= ! beg9n+ ( ! legislation 0 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 9 ^: "w are record$ ! s9s ( ! unbeliev]s & wick$ among y1 :ile ! comm5cem5t ( our legislation & second cov5ant is admitt$ to h be5 9 ! "t ( ,jesus4 ,& by y\r unbelief ( ,jesus ye %[ t ye are ! sons ( ^? :o 9 ! des]t discr$it$ ! div9e appe>ances2 & ?us :at 0 spok5 by our ,savi\r w be applicable also to y :o believ$ n on ,him3 8,!re=e ye be> witness t ye all[ ! de$s ( y\r fa!rs40#bbe ,& !re is fulfill$ among y also ! prophecy :i* said3 8,y\r life %all hang 9 d\bt be=e y\r eyes1 & y w h no assurance ( y\r life40#bbf ,= ye did n believe 9 ! life :i* came to visit ! human race4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,! text reads 1 = :i* ,boh]eau & ! ,b5$ict9e editor propose ei!r or 1 ! =m] ( :i* is pref]r$ by ,lommatzs*4 ,footnote #bbd3 ' 4 ,footnote #bbe3 ,cf4 ,luke xi4 #dh4 ,footnote #bbf3 ,cf4 ,deut4 xxviii4 #ff4 ,*apt] ,,lxxvi4 ,celsus1 9 adopt+ ! "* ( a ,jew1 c\ld n discov] any objections to be urg$ aga9/ ! gospel :i* might n be retort$ on him z liable to be br\ght also aga9/ ! law & ! prophets4 ,= he c5sures ,jesus 9 su* words z ! foll[+3 8,he makes use ( ?reats1 & reviles m5 on light gr\nds1 :5 he says1 #8,woe unto y1' & #8,i tell y be=eh&4' ,= by su* expressions he manife/ly ackn[l$ges 8 inability to p]suade2 & ?is w\ld n be ! case ) a ,god1 or ev5 a prud5t man40 ,obs]ve1 n[1 :e!r ^! *>ges d n manife/ly recoil ^u ! ,jew4 ,= 9 ! writ+s ( ! law & ! prophets ,god makes use ( ?reats & revil+s1 :5 ,he employs language ( n less sev]ity ?an t f\nd 9 ! ,gospel1 su* z ! foll[+ expressions ( ,isaiah3 8,woe unto !m t jo9 h\se to h\se1 & lay field to field20#bbg &1 8,woe unto !m t rise up e>ly 9 ! morn+ t !y may foll[ /rong dr9k20#bbh &1 8,woe unto !m t draw _! s9s aft] !m z ) a long rope20#bbi &1 8,woe unto !m t call evil good1 & good evil20#bcj &1 8,woe unto ^? ( y :o are mighty to dr9k w9e20#bca & innum]able o!r passages ( ! same k9d4 ,& does n ! foll[+ resemble ! ?reats ( :i* he speaks3 8,ah1 s9ful nation1 a p lad5 ) iniquity1 a se$ ( evil-do]s1 *ildr5 t are corrupt]s80#bcb & s on1 to :i* he subjo9s su* ?reats z are equal 9 sev]ity to ^? :i*1 he says1 ,jesus made use (4 ,= is x n a ?reat5+1 & a great "o1 :i* decl>es1 8,y\r c\ntry is desolate1 y\r cities are burn$ ) fire3 y\r l&1 /rang]s dev\r x 9 y\r pres5ce1 & x is desolate1 z ov]?r[n by /rang]s80#bcc ,& are !re n revil+s 9 ,ezekiel direct$ aga9/ ! p1 :5 ! ,"l says to ! prophet1 8,?\ dwelle/ 9 ! mid/ ( scorpions80#bcd ,7 y s]i\s1 !n1 ,celsus1 9 repres5t+ ! ,jew z say+ ( ,jesus1 t 8he makes use ( ?reats & revil+s on slight gr\nds1 :5 he employs ! expressions1 #8,woe unto y1' & #8,i tell y be=eh&8'0 ,d y n see t ! *>ges :i* ?is ,jew ( y\rs br+s aga9/ ,jesus might be br\ght by him aga9/ ,god8 ,= ! ,god :o speaks 9 ! prophetic writ+s is manife/ly liable to ! same accusations1 z ,celsus reg>ds !m1 ( inability to p]suade4 ,i might1 moreov]1 say to ?is ,jew1 :o ?9ks t he makes a good *>ge aga9/ ,jesus by su* /atem5ts1 t if he und]takes1 9 support ( ! scriptural acc\nt1 to def5d ! num]\s curses record$ 9 ! books ( ,leviticus & ,deut]onomy1 we %\ld make z good1 or bett]1 a def5ce ( ! revil+s & ?reat5+s :i* are reg>d$ z hav+ be5 spok5 by ,jesus4 ,& z respects ! law ( ,moses itself1 we are 9 a position to make a bett] def5ce ( x ?an ! ,jew is1 because we h be5 taught by ,jesus to h a m intellig5t appreh5sion ( ! writ+s ( ! law4 ,nay1 if ! ,jew p]ceive ! mean+ ( ! prophetic ,scriptures1 he w be able to %[ t x is = no light reason t ,god employs ?reat5+s & revil+s1 :5 ,he says1 8,woe unto y10 & 8,i tell y be=eh&40 ,& h[ %\ld ,god employ su* expressions = ! conv]sion ( m51 :i* ,celsus ?9ks t ev5 a prud5t man w\ld n h rec\rse to8 ,b ,*ri/ians1 :o "k only "o ,god--! same :o spoke 9 ! prophets & 9 ! ,"l ,jesus--c prove ! reasonabl5ess ( ^? ?reat5+s & revil+s1 z ,celsus consid]s & entitles !m4 ,& "h a few rem>ks %all be address$ to ?is ,celsus1 :o pr(esses bo? to be a philosoph]1 & to be acqua9t$ ) all our sy/em4 ,h[ is x1 fri5d1 :5 ,h]mes1 9 ,hom]1 says to ,odysseus1 8,:y1 n[1 wret*$ man1 d y come w&]+ alone ov] ! m\nta9-tops80#bce t y are satisfi$ ) ! answ]1 :i* expla9s t ! ,hom]ic ,h]mes addresses su* language to ,odysseus to rem9d him ( 8 duty1#bcf because x is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,sir5s to flatt] & to say pleas+ ?+s1 ar\nd :om 8,is a huge heap ( bones10#bcg & :o say1 8,come hi!r1 mu* laud$ ,odysseus1 great glory ( ! ,greeks20#bch :]eas1 if our prophets & ,jesus ,himself1 9 ord] to turn _! he>]s f evil1 make use ( su* expressions z 8,woe unto y10 & :at y reg>d z revil+s1 !re is no condesc5sion 9 su* language to ! circum/ances ( ! he>]s1 nor any application ( su* words to !m z heal+#bci m$ic9e8 ,unless1 inde$1 y w\ld h ,god1 or "o :o p>takes ( ! div9e nature1 :5 conv]s+ ) m51 to h reg>d to ,8 own nature alone1 & to :at is wor?y ( ,himself1 b to h no reg>d to :at is fitt+ to be br\ght be=e m5 :o are "u ! disp5sation & lead+ ( ,8 ^w1 & ) ea* "o ( :om ,he is to conv]se agreeably to 8 individual "*4 ,& is x n a ridicul\s ass]tion reg>d+ ,jesus1 to say t ,he 0 unable to p]suade m51 :5 y comp>e ! /ate ( matt]s n only among ! ,jews1 :o h _m su* in/ances record$ 9 ! prophecies1 b also among ! ,greeks1 among :om all ( ^? :o h atta9$ great reputation = _! wisdom h be5 unable to p]suade ^? :o conspir$ aga9/ !m1 or to induce _! judges or accus]s to cease f evil1 & to endeav\r to atta9 to virtue by ! way ( philosophy8 ,footnote #bbg3 ,isa4 v4 #h4 ,footnote #bbh3 ,isa4 v4 #aa4 ,footnote #bbi3 ,isa4 v4 #ah4 ,footnote #bcj3 ,isa4 v4 #bj4 ,footnote #bca3 ,isa4 v4 #bb4 ,footnote #bcb3 ,cf4 ,isa4 i4 #d4 ,footnote #bcc3 ,isa4 i4 #g4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,ezek4 ii4 #f4 ,footnote #bce3 ,cf4 ,odyss4 x4 #bha4 ,footnote #bcf3 4 ,footnote #bcg3 ,cf4 ,odyss4 xii4 #de4 ,footnote #bch3 ,ibid4 xii4 #ahd4 ,footnote #bci3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxvii4 ,aft] ?is ! ,jew rem>ks1 manife/ly 9 accordance ) ! ,jewi% belief3 8,we c]ta9ly hope t !re w be a bodily resurrection1 & t we %all enjoy an et]nal life2 & ! example & ar*etype ( ?is w be ,he :o is s5t to u1 & :o w %[ t no?+ is impossible ) ,god40 ,we d n "k1 inde$1 :e!r ! ,jew w\ld say ( ! expect$ ,*ri/1 t ,he exhibits 9 ,himself an example ( ! resurrection2 b let x be suppos$ t he bo? ?9ks & says s4 ,we %all give ?is answ]1 !n1 to him :o has told u t he drew 8 in=mation f our own writ+s3 8,did y read ^? writ+s1 fri5d1 9 :i* y ?9k y discov] matt] ( accusation aga9/ u1 & n f9d !re ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 & ! decl>ation t ,he 0 ! fir/-born f ! dead8 ,or because y w n all[ su* ?+s to h be5 record$1 7 !y n actually record$80 ,b z ! ,jew /ill admits ! resurrection ( ! body1 ,i d n consid] ! pres5t a suitable "t to discuss ! subject ) "o :o bo? believes & says t !re is a bodily resurrection1 :e!r he has an articulate#bdj und]/&+ ( su* a topic1 & is able to plead well on its behalf1#bda or n1 b has only giv5 8 ass5t to x z be+ ( a leg5d>y "*4#bdb ,let ! above1 !n1 be our reply to ?is ,jew ( ,celsus4 ,& :5 he adds1 8,:]e1 !n1 is he1 t we may see him & believe ^u him80 we answ]3 ,:]e is ,he n[ :o spoke 9 ! prophecies1 & :o wr\ght miracles1 t we may see & believe t ,he is "p ( ,god8 ,are y to be all[$ to meet ! objection1 t ,god does n p]petually %[ ,himself to ! ,hebrew nation1 :ile we are n to be p]mitt$ ! same def5ce ) reg>d to ,jesus1 :o has bo? once ris5 ,himself1 & l$ ,8 disciples to believe 9 ,8 resurrection1 & s ?or\ghly p]suad$ !m ( its tru?1 t !y %[ to all m5 by _! suff]+s h[ !y are able to laugh at all ! tr\bles ( life1 behold+ ! life et]nal & ! resurrection cle>ly demon/rat$ to !m bo? 9 ^w & de$8 ,footnote #bdj3 ' 4 ,footnote #bda3 4 ,footnote #bdb3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxviii4 ,! ,jew cont9ues3 8,did ,jesus come into ! _w = ?is purpose1 t we %\ld n believe him80 ,to :i* we imm$iately answ]1 t ,he did n come ) ! object ( produc+ incr$ulity among ! ,jews2 b kn[+ be=eh& t su* w\ld be ! result1 ,he =etold x1 & made use ( _! unbelief = ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,= ?r\gh _! s9 salvation came to ! ,g5tiles1 respect+ :om ! ,*ri/ :o speaks 9 ! prophecies says1 8,a p :om ,i did n "k became subject to me3 !y 7 ob$i5t to ! he>+ ( my e>20#bdc &1 8,i 0 f\nd ( !m :o s\ght me n2 ,i became manife/ to ^? :o inquir$ n aft] me40#bdd ,x is c]ta91 moreov]1 t ! ,jews 7 puni%$ ev5 9 ?is pres5t life1 aft] treat+ ,jesus 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y did4 ,& let ! ,jews ass]t :at !y w :5 we *>ge !m ) guilt1 & say1 8,is n ! provid5ce & goodness ( ,god mo/ wond]fully display$ 9 y\r puni%m5t1 & 9 y\r be+ depriv$ ( ,j]usalem1 & ( ! sanctu>y1 & ( y\r spl5did wor%ip80 ,= :atev] !y may say 9 reply ) respect to ! provid5ce ( ,god1 we %all be able m effectually to answ] x by rem>k+1 t ! provid5ce ( ,god 0 wond]fully manife/$ 9 us+ ! transgression ( t p = ! purpose ( call+ into ! k+dom ( ,god1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 ^? f among ! ,g5tiles :o 7 /rang]s to ! cov5ant & ali5s to ! promises4 ,& ^! ?+s 7 =etold by ! prophets1 :o said t1 on acc\nt ( ! transgressions ( ! ,hebrew nation1 ,god w\ld make *oice1 n ( a nation1 b ( individuals *os5 f all l&s2#bde &1 hav+ select$ ! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w1 w\ld cause an ignorant nation to become acqua9t$ ) ! div9e tea*+1 ! k+dom ( ,god be+ tak5 f ! "o & giv5 to ! o!r4 ,& out ( a l>g] numb] x is suffici5t on ! pres5t occasion to adduce ! pr$iction f ! song 9 ,deut]onomy reg>d+ ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles1 :i* is z foll[s1 be+ spok5 9 ! p]son ( ! ,"l3 8,!y h mov$ me to jeal\sy ) ^? :o are n gods2 !y h provok$ me to ang] ) _! idols3 & ,i w move !m to jeal\sy ) ^? :o are n a p2 ,i w provoke !m to ang] ) a fooli% nation40#bdf ,footnote #bdc3 ,cf4 #b ,sam4 xxii4 #dd1 #de4 ,footnote #bdd3 ,cf4 ,isa4 lxv4 #a4 ,footnote #bde3 1 4 ,footnote #bdf3 ,cf4 ,deut4 xxxii4 #ba4 ,*apt] ,,lxxix4 ,! conclusion ( all ^! argum5ts reg>d+ ,jesus is ?us /at$ by ! ,jew3 8,he 0 !re=e a man1 & ( su* a nature1 z ! tru? itself proves1 & reason demon/rates him to be40 ,i d n "k1 h[ev]1 :e!r a man :o _h ! c\rage to spread ?r\gh\t ! entire _w 8 doctr9e ( religi\s wor%ip & tea*+1#bdg c\ld accompli% :at he wi%$ )\t ! div9e assi/ance1 & c\ld rise sup]ior to all :o )/ood ! progress ( 8 doctr9e--k+s & rul]s1 & ! ,roman s5ate1 & gov]nors 9 all places1 & ! common p4 ,& h[ c\ld ! nature ( a man possess$ ( no inh]5t excell5ce conv]t s va/ a multitude8 ,= x w\ld n be wond]ful if x 7 only ! wise :o 7 s conv]t$2 b x is ! mo/ irrational ( m51 & ^? devot$ to _! passions1 & :o1 by reason ( _! irrationality1 *ange ) ! great] difficulty s z to adopt a m temp]ate c\rse ( life4 ,& yet x is because ,*ri/ 0 ! p[] ( ,god & ! wisdom ( ! ,fa!r t ,he accompli%$1 & /ill accompli%es1 su* results1 al?\gh nei!r ! ,jews nor ,greeks :o disbelieve ,8 ^w w s admit4 ,& !re=e we %all n cease to believe 9 ,god1 accord+ to ! precepts ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & to seek to conv]t ^? :o are bl9d on ! subject ( religion1 al?\gh x is !y :o are truly bl9d !mselves t *>ge u ) bl9dness3 & !y1 :e!r ,jews or ,greeks1 :o lead a/ray ^? t foll[ !m1 accuse u ( s$uc+ m5--a good s$uction1 truly6--t !y may become temp]ate in/ead ( dissolute1 or at lea/ may make advances to temp]ance2 may become j in/ead ( unju/1 or at lea/ may t5d to become s2 prud5t in/ead ( fooli%1 or be on ! way to become su*2 & in/ead ( c[>dice1 meanness1 & timidity1 may exhibit ! virtues ( =titude & c\rage1 especially display$ 9 ! /ruggles und]gone = ! sake ( _! religion t[>ds ,god1 ! ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,jesus ,*ri/ !re=e came ann\nc$ be=eh&1 n by "o prophet1 b by all2 & x 0 a pro( ( ! ignorance ( ,celsus1 to repres5t a ,jew z say+ t "o prophet only _h pr$ict$ ! adv5t ( ,*ri/4 ,b z ?is ,jew ( ,celsus1 aft] be+ ?us introduc$1 ass]t+ t ^! ?+s 7 inde$ 9 con=mity ) 8 own law1 has some:]e "h end$ 8 disc\rse1 ) a m5tion ( o!r matt]s n wor?y ( remembrance1 ,i too %all "h t]m9ate ?is second book ( my answ] to 8 treatise4 ,b if ,god p]mit1 & ! p[] ( ,*ri/ abide 9 my s\l1 ,i %all endeav\r 9 ! ?ird book to deal ) ! subsequ5t /atem5ts ( ,celsus4 ,footnote #bdg3 ' 4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,9 ! fir/ book ( our answ] to ! "w ( ,celsus1 :o _h boa/fully entitl$ ! treatise :i* he _h compos$ aga9/ u ,a ,true ,disc\rse1 we h gone ?r\gh1 z y enjo9$1 my fai?ful ,ambrosius1 to ! be/ ( our ability1 8 preface1 & ! p>ts imm$iately foll[+ x1 te/+ ea* "o ( 8 ass]tions z we w5t along1 until we f9i%$ ) ! tirade#bdh ( ?is ,jew ( 81 feign$ to h be5 deliv]$ aga9/ ,jesus4 ,& 9 ! second book we met1 z we be/ c\ld1 all ! *>ges conta9$ 9 ! invective ( ! said ,jew1 :i* 7 levell$ at u :o are believ]s 9 ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/2 & n[ we ent] ^u ?is ?ird division ( our disc\rse1 9 :i* our object is to refute ! allegations :i* he makes 9 8 own p]son4 ,he gives x z 8 op9ion1 t 8! controv]sy betwe5 ,jews & ,*ri/ians is a mo/ fooli% "o10 & ass]ts t 8! discussions :i* we h ) ea* o!r reg>d+ ,*ri/ diff] 9 no respect f :at is call$ 9 ! prov]b #8a fight ab\t ! %ad[ ( an ass2'0#bdi & ?9ks t 8!re is no?+ ( importance#bej 9 ! inve/igations ( ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians3 = bo? believe t x 0 pr$ict$ by ! ,div9e ,_s t "o 0 to come z a ,savi\r to ! human race1 b d n yet agree on ! po9t :e!r ! p]son pr$ict$ has actually come or n40 ,= we ,*ri/ians1 inde$1 h believ$ 9 ,jesus1 z ,he :o came accord+ to ! pr$ictions ( ! prophets4 ,b ! majority ( ! ,jews are s f> f believ+ 9 ,him1 t ^? ( !m :o liv$ at ! "t ( ,8 com+ conspir$ aga9/ ,him2 & ^? ( ! pres5t day1 approv+ ( :at ! ,jews ( =m] times d>$ to d aga9/ ,him1 speak evil ( ,him1 ass]t+ t x 0 by means ( sorc]y#bea t he pass$ himself (f = ,him :o 0 pr$ict$ by ! prophets z ! ,"o :o 0 to come1 & :o 0 call$1 agreeably to ! traditions ( ! ,jews1#beb ! ,*ri/4 ,footnote #bdh3 2 cf4 book i4 c4 #ga4 ,footnote #bdi3 4 ,on ?is prov]b1 see ,z5obius1 ,c5turia ,sexta1 adag4 #bh1 & ! note ( ,s*ottius4 ,cf4 also ,suidas1 s4v4 4--,,de ,,la ,,rue4 ,footnote #bej3 4 ,footnote #bea3 4 ,footnote #beb3 4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,b let ,celsus1 & ^? :o ass5t to 8 *>ges1 tell u :e!r x is at all l 8an ass's %ad[10 t ! ,jewi% prophets %\ld h pr$ict$ ! bir?-place ( ,him :o 0 to be ! rul] ( ^? :o _h liv$ righte\s lives1 & :o are call$ ! 8h]itage0 ( ,god2#bec & t ,emmanuel %\ld be conceiv$ by a virg92 & t su* signs & wond]s %\ld be p]=m$ by ,him :o 0 ! subject ( prophecy2 & t ,8 ^w %\ld h su* spe$y c\rse1 t ! voice ( ,8 apo/les %\ld g =? into all ! e>?2 & t ,he %\ld und]go c]ta9 suff]+s aft] ,8 condemnation by ! ,jews2 & t ,he %\ld rise aga9 f ! dead4 ,= 0 x by *ance#bed t ! prophets made ^! ann\ncem5ts1 ) no p]suasion ( _! tru? 9 _! m9ds1#bee mov+ !m n only to speak1 b to deem _! ann\ncem5ts wor?y ( be+ committ$ to writ+8 ,& did s great a nation z t ( ! ,jews1 :o _h long ago receiv$ a c\ntry ( _! own :]e9 to dwell1 recognise c]ta9 m5 z prophets1 & reject o!rs z utt]]s ( false pr$ictions1 )\t any conviction ( ! s\ndness ( ! di/9ction8 ,& 0 !re no motive :i* induc$ !m to class ) ! books ( ,moses1 :i* 7 held z sacr$1 ! words ( ^? p]sons :o 7 aft]w>ds deem$ to be prophets8 ,& c ^? :o *>ge ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians ) folly1 %[ u h[ ! ,jewi% nation c\ld h cont9u$ to subsi/1 _h !re exi/$ among !m no promise ( ! k ( future ev5ts8 & h[1 :ile ea* ( ! surr\nd+ nations believ$1 agreeably to _! anci5t in/itutions1 t !y receiv$ oracles & pr$ictions f ^? :om !y acc\nt$ gods1 ?is p alone1 :o 7 taught to view ) contempt all ^? :o 7 consid]$ gods by ! hea!n1 z n be+ gods1 b demons1 accord+ to ! decl>ation ( ! prophets1 8,= all ! gods ( ! nations are demons10#bef _h among !m no "o :o pr(ess$ to be a prophet1 & :o c\ld re/ra9 su* z1 f a desire to "k ! future1 7 ready to des]t#beg to ! demons ( o!r nations8 ,judge1 !n1 :e!r x 7 n a necessity1 t z ! :ole nation _h be5 taught to despise ! deities ( o!r l&s1 !y %\ld h _h an abundance ( prophets1 :o made kn[n ev5ts :i* 7 ( f> great] importance 9 !mselves1#beh & :i* surpass$ ! oracles ( all o!r c\ntries4 ,footnote #bec3 4 ,footnote #bed3 4 ,footnote #bee3 4 ,footnote #bef3 ,ps4 xcvi4 #e1 2 8idols10 ,au?4 ,v]s4 ,we h 9 ?is passage1 & 9 _m o!rs1 ! id5tification ( ! or gods ( ! hea!n ) ! or 1 8evil spirits10 or angels1 suppos$ to be m5tion$ 9 ,g54 vi4 #b4 ,footnote #beg3 ,! read+ 9 ! text is 1 on :i* ,boh]eau1 ) :om ! ,b5$ict9e editor agrees1 rem>ks t we mu/ ei!r read 1 or und]/& "s su* ^w z be=e 4 ,footnote #beh3 4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,9 ! next place1 miracles 7 p]=m$ 9 all c\ntries1 or at lea/ 9 _m ( !m1 z ,celsus himself admits1 in/anc+ ! case ( ,esculapius1 :o conf]r$ b5efits on _m1 & :o =etold future ev5ts to entire cities1 :i* 7 d$icat$ to him1 su* z ,tricca1 & ,epidaurus1 & ,cos1 & ,p]gamus2 & along ) ,esculapius he m5tions ,ari/eas ( ,proconnesus1 & a c]ta9 ,clazom5ian1 & ,cleom$es ( ,a/ypala4 ,b among ! ,jews alone1 :o say !y are d$icat$ to ! ,god ( all ?+s1 !re 0 wr\ght no miracle or sign :i* might help to confirm _! fai? 9 ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 & /r5g!n _! hope ( ano!r & bett] life6 ,b h[ c !y imag9e su* a /ate ( ?+s8 ,= !y w\ld imm$iately h gone ov] to ! wor%ip ( ^? demons :i* gave oracles & p]=m$ cures1 & des]t$ ! ,god :o 0 believ$1 z f> z words w5t1#bei to assi/ !m1 b :o nev] manife/$ to !m ,8 visible pres5ce4 ,b if ?is result has n tak5 place1 & if1 on ! contr>y1 !y h suff]$ c\ntless calamities r ?an r5\nce ,judaism & _! law1 & h be5 cruelly treat$1 at "o "t 9 ,assyria1 at ano!r 9 ,p]sia1 & at ano!r "u ,antio*us1 is x n 9 keep+ ) ! probabilities ( ! case#bfj = ^? to suppose :o d n yield _! belief to _! miracul\s hi/ories & prophecies1 t ! ev5ts 9 "q c\ld n be inv5tions1 b t a c]ta9 div9e ,_s be+ 9 ! holy s\ls ( ! prophets1 z ( m5 :o und]w5t any lab\r = ! cause ( virtue1 did move !m to prophesy "s ?+s relat+ to _! contempor>ies1 & o!rs to _! po/]ity1 b *iefly reg>d+ a c]ta9 p]sonage :o 0 to come z a ,savi\r to ! human race8 ,footnote #bei3 4 ,footnote #bfj3 4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,& if ! above be ! /ate ( ! case1 h[ d ,jews & ,*ri/ians se>* aft] 8! %ad[ ( an ass10 9 seek+ to asc]ta9 f ^? prophecies :i* !y believe 9 common1 :e!r ,he :o 0 =etold has come1 or has n yet arriv$1 & is /ill an object ( expectation8 ,b ev5 suppose#bfa x be grant$ to ,celsus t x 0 n ,jesus :o 0 ann\nc$ by ! prophets1 !n1 ev5 on su* a hypo!sis1 ! inve/igation ( ! s5se ( ! prophetic writ+s is no se>* aft] 8! %ad[ ( an ass10 if he :o 0 spok5 ( c be cle>ly po9t$ out1 & x c be %[n bo? :at sort ( p]son he 0 pr$ict$ to be1 & :at he 0 to d1 &1 if possible1 :5 he 0 to arrive4 ,b 9 ! prec$+ pages we h already spok5 on ! po9t ( ,jesus be+ ! individual :o 0 =etold to be ! ,*ri/1 quot+ a few prophecies out ( a l>g] numb]4 ,nei!r ,jews nor ,*ri/ians1 !n1 are wrong 9 assum+ t ! prophets spoke "u div9e influ5ce2#bfb b !y are 9 error :o =m errone\s op9ions respect+ ,him :o 0 expect$ by ! prophets to come1 & ^: p]son & "* 7 made kn[n 9 _! 8true disc\rses40 ,footnote #bfa3 ' 4 ,footnote #bfb3 4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,imm$iately aft] ^! po9ts1 ,celsus1 imag9+ t ! ,jews are ,egyptians by desc5t1 & _h ab&on$ ,egypt1 aft] revolt+ aga9/ ! ,egyptian /ate1 & despis+ ! cu/oms ( t p 9 matt]s ( wor%ip1 says t 8!y suff]$ f ! adh]5ts ( ,jesus1 :o believ$ 9 ,him z ! ,*ri/1 ! same treatm5t :i* !y _h inflict$ ^u ! ,egyptians2 & t ! cause :i* l$ to ! new /ate ( ?+s#bfc 9 ei!r in/ance 0 rebellion aga9/ ! /ate40 ,n[ let u obs]ve :at ,celsus has "h done4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians1 aft] inflict+ _m cruelties ^u ! ,hebrew race1 :o _h settl$ 9 ,egypt ow+ to a fam9e :i* _h brok5 out 9 ,judea1 suff]$1 9 consequ5ce ( _! inju/ice to /rang]s & suppliants1 t puni%m5t :i* div9e ,provid5ce _h decre$ 0 to fall on ! :ole nation = hav+ comb9$ aga9/ an entire p1 :o _h be5 _! gue/s1 & :o _h done !m no h>m2 & aft] be+ smitt5 by plagues f ,god1 !y all[$ !m1 ) difficulty1 & aft] a brief p]iod1 to g :]ev] !y lik$1 z be+ unju/ly deta9$ 9 slav]y4 ,because1 !n1 !y 7 a selfi% p1 :o hon\r$ ^? :o 7 9 any degree relat$ to !m f> m ?an !y did /rang]s ( bett] lives1 !re is n an accusation :i* !y h omitt$ to br+ aga9/ ,moses & ! ,hebrews1--n altoge!r d5y+1 inde$1 ! miracles & wond]s done by him1 b alleg+ t !y 7 wr\ght by sorc]y1 & n by div9e p[]4 ,moses1 h[ev]1 n z a magician1 b z a dev\t man1 & "o devot$ to ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & a p>tak] 9 ! div9e ,_s1 bo? enact$ laws = ! ,hebrews1 accord+ to ! sugge/ions ( ! ,div9ity1 & record$ ev5ts z !y happ5$ ) p]fect fidelity4 ,footnote #bfc3 4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,celsus1 !re=e1 n inve/igat+ 9 a _s ( imp>tiality ! facts1 :i* are relat$ by ! ,egyptians 9 "o way1 & by ! ,hebrews 9 ano!r1 b be+ bewit*$1 z x 71#bfd 9 fav\r ( ! =m]1 accept$ z true ! /atem5ts ( ^? :o _h oppress$ ! /rang]s1 & decl>$ t ! ,hebrews1 :o _h be5 unju/ly treat$1 _h dep>t$ f ,egypt aft] revolt+ aga9/ ! ,egyptians1--n obs]v+ h[ impossible x 0 = s great a multitude ( rebelli\s ,egyptians to become a nation1 :i*1 dat+ its orig9 f ! said revolt1 %\ld *ange its language at ! "t ( its rebellion1 s t ^? :o up to t "t made use ( ! ,egyptian tongue1 %\ld completely adopt1 all at once1 ! language ( ! ,hebrews6 ,let x be grant$1 h[ev]1 accord+ to 8 supposition1 t on ab&on+ ,egypt !y did conceive a hatr$ also ( _! "m tongue1#bfe h[ did x happ5 t aft] s do+ !y did n r adopt ! ,syrian or ,phnician language1 in/ead ( pref]r+ ! ,hebrew1 :i* is diff]5t f bo?8 ,b reason seems to me to demon/rate t ! /atem5t is false1 :i* makes ^? :o 7 ,egyptians by race to h revolt$ aga9/ ,egyptians1 & to h left ! c\ntry1 & to h proce$$ to ,pale/9e1 & occupi$ ! l& n[ call$ ,judea4 ,= ,hebrew 0 ! language ( _! fa!rs be=e _! desc5t into ,egypt2 & ! ,hebrew lett]s1 employ$ by ,moses 9 writ+ ^? five books :i* are deem$ sacr$ by ! ,jews1 7 diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,egyptians4 ,footnote #bfd3 4 ,footnote #bfe3 4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,9 l mann]1 z ! /atem5t is false 8t ! ,hebrews1 be+ orig9ally ,egyptians1 dat$ ! comm5cem5t ( _! political exi/5ce f ! "t ( _! rebellion10 s also is ?is1 8t 9 ! days ( ,jesus o!rs :o 7 ,jews rebell$ aga9/ ! ,jewi% /ate1 & became ,8 foll[]s20 = nei!r ,celsus nor !y :o ?9k ) him are able to po9t out any act on ! "p ( ,*ri/ians :i* sav\rs ( rebellion4 ,& yet1 if a revolt _h l$ to ! =mation ( ! ,*ri/ian commonweal?1 s t x d]iv$ its exi/5ce 9 ?is way f t ( ! ,jews1 :o 7 p]mitt$ to take up arms 9 def5ce ( ! memb]s ( _! families1 & to slay _! enemies1 ! ,*ri/ian ,lawgiv] w\ld n h altoge!r =bidd5 ! putt+ ( m5 to dea?2 & yet ,he n[h]e tea*es t x is "r = ,8 own disciples to (f] viol5ce to any "o1 h[ev] wick$4 ,= ,he did n deem x 9 keep+ ) su* laws z ,81 :i* 7 d]iv$ f a div9e s\rce1 to all[ ! kill+ ( any individual :atev]4 ,nor w\ld ! ,*ri/ians1 _h !y ow$ _! orig9 to a rebellion1 h adopt$ laws ( s exce$+ly mild a "* z n to all[ !m1 :5 x 0 _! fate to be sla9 z %eep1 on any occasion to resi/ _! p]secutors4 ,& truly1 if we look a little deep] into ?+s1 we may say reg>d+ ! exodus f ,egypt1 t x is a miracle if a :ole nation at once adopt$ ! language call$ ,hebrew1 z if x _h be5 a gift f heav51 :5 "o ( _! own prophets said1 8,z !y w5t =? f ,egypt1 !y he>d a language :i* !y did n und]/&40#bff ,footnote #bff3 ,cf4 ,ps4 lxxxi4 #e4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,9 ! foll[+ way1 also1 we may conclude t !y :o came out ( ,egypt ) ,moses 7 n ,egyptians2 = if !y _h be5 ,egyptians1 _! names also w\ld be ,egyptian1 because 9 e language ! designations ( p]sons & ?+s are k9dr$ to ! language4#bfg ,b if x is c]ta91 f ! names be+ ,hebrew1 t ! p 7 n ,egyptians1--& ! ,scriptures are full ( ,hebrew names1 & ^! be/[$1 too1 ^u _! *ildr5 :ile !y 7 9 ,egypt1--x is cle> t ! ,egyptian acc\nt is false1 :i* ass]ts t !y 7 ,egyptians1 & w5t =? f ,egypt ) ,moses4 ,n[ x is absolutely c]ta9#bfh t1 be+ desc5d$1 z ! ,mosaic hi/ory records1 f ,hebrew ance/ors1 !y employ$ a language f :i* !y also took ! names :i* !y conf]r$ ^u _! *ildr54 ,b ) reg>d to ! ,*ri/ians1 because !y 7 taught n to av5ge !mselves ^u _! enemies 7& h ?us obs]v$ laws ( a mild & philan?ropic "*72 & because !y w\ld n1 al?\gh able1 h made w> ev5 if !y _h receiv$ au?ority to d s1--!y h obta9$ ?is rew>d f ,god1 t ,he has always w>r$ 9 _! behalf1 & on c]ta9 occasions has re/ra9$ ^? :o rose up aga9/ !m & desir$ to de/roy !m4 ,= 9 ord] to rem9d o!rs1 t by see+ a few engag$ 9 a /ruggle = _! religion1 !y also might be bett] fitt$ to despise dea?1 "s1 on special occasions1 & ^! individuals :o c be easily numb]$1 h endur$ dea? = ! sake ( ,*ri/ianity1--,god n p]mitt+ ! :ole nation to be ext]m9at$1 b desir+ t x %\ld cont9ue1 & t ! :ole _w %\ld be fill$ ) ?is salut>y & religi\s doctr9e4 ,& aga91 on ! o!r h&1 t ^? :o 7 ( weak] m9ds might recov] _! c\rage & rise sup]ior to ! ?\ght ( dea?1 ,god int]pos$ ,8 provid5ce on behalf ( believ]s1 disp]s+ by an act ( ,8 w alone all ! conspiracies =m$ aga9/ !m2 s t nei!r k+s1 nor rul]s1 nor ! populace1 might be able to rage aga9/ !m beyond a c]ta9 po9t4 ,su*1 !n1 is our answ] to ! ass]tions ( ,celsus1 8t a revolt 0 ! orig9al comm5cem5t ( ! anci5t ,jewi% /ate1 & subsequ5tly ( ,*ri/ianity40 ,footnote #bfg3 4 ,footnote #bfh3 4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,b s9ce he is manife/ly guilty ( falsehood 9 ! /atem5ts :i* foll[1 let u exam9e 8 ass]tion :5 he says1 8,if all m5 wi%$ to become ,*ri/ians1 ! latt] w\ld n desire su* a result40 ,n[ t ! above /atem5t is false is cle> f ?is1 t ,*ri/ians d n neglect1 z f> z 9 !m lies1 to take measures to dissem9ate _! doctr9e ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4 ,"s ( !m1 accord+ly1 h made x _! bus9ess to it9]ate n only ?r\gh cities1 b ev5 villages & c\ntry h\ses1#bfi t !y might make conv]ts to ,god4 ,& no "o w\ld ma9ta9 t !y did ?is = ! sake ( ga91 :5 sometimes !y w\ld n accept ev5 necess>y su/5ance2 or if at any "t !y 7 press$ by a necessity ( ?is sort1 7 cont5t$ ) ! m]e supply ( _! wants1 al?\gh _m 7 will+ to %>e _! abundance ) !m1 & to be/[ help ^u !m f> above _! ne$4 ,at ! pres5t day1 inde$1 :51 ow+ to ! multitude ( ,*ri/ian believ]s1 n only ri* m51 b p]sons ( rank1 & delicate & high-born ladies1 receive ! tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 "s p]haps w d>e to say t x is = ! sake ( a little glory#bgj t c]ta9 individuals assume ! (fice ( ,*ri/ian in/ructors4 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 rationally to ent]ta9 su* a suspicion ) respect to ,*ri/ianity 9 its beg9n+s1 :5 ! dang] incurr$1 especially by its tea*]s1 0 great2 :ile at ! pres5t day ! discr$it atta*+ to x among ! re/ ( mank9d is great] ?an any suppos$ hon\r enjoy$ among ^? :o hold ! same belief1 especially :5 su* hon\r is n %>$ by all4 ,x is false1 !n1 f ! v nature ( ! case1 to say t 8if all m5 wi%$ to become ,*ri/ians1 ! latt] w\ld n desire su* a result40 ,footnote #bfi3 4 ,footnote #bgj3 4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,b obs]ve :at he alleges z a pro( ( 8 /atem5t3 8,*ri/ians at fir/ 7 few 9 numb]1 & held ! same op9ions2 b :5 !y grew to be a great multitude1 !y 7 divid$ & sep>at$1 ea* wi%+ to h 8 own individual p>ty3#bga = ?is 0 _! object f ! beg9n+40 ,t ,*ri/ians at fir/ 7 few 9 numb]1 9 comp>ison ) ! multitudes :o subsequ5tly became ,*ri/ian1 is und\bt$2 & yet1 all ?+s consid]$1 !y 7 n s v few4#bgb ,= :at /irr$ up ! envy ( ! ,jews aga9/ ,jesus1 & ar\s$ !m to conspire aga9/ ,him1 0 ! great numb] ( ^? :o foll[$ ,him into ! wild]ness1--five ?\s& m5 on "o occasion1 & f\r ?\s& on ano!r1 hav+ att5d$ ,him ?i!r1 )\t includ+ ! wom5 & *ildr54 ,= su* 0 ! *>m#bgc ( ,jesus' words1 t n only 7 m5 will+ to foll[ ,him to ! wild]ness1 b wom5 also1 =gett+#bgd ! weakness ( _! sex & a reg>d = outw>d propriety#bge 9 ?us foll[+ _! ,tea*] into des]t places4 ,*ildr51 too1 :o are altoge!r unaffect$ by su* emotions1#bgf ei!r foll[+ _! p>5ts1 or p]haps attract$ also by ,8 div9ity1 9 ord] t x might be implant$ )9 !m1 became ,8 foll[]s along ) _! p>5ts4 ,b let x be grant$ t ,*ri/ians 7 few 9 numb] at ! beg9n+1 h[ does t help to prove t ,*ri/ians w\ld be unwill+ to make all m5 believe ! doctr9e ( ! gospel8 ,footnote #bga3 4 ,footnote #bgb3 4 ,footnote #bgc3 4 ,footnote #bgd3 ,! read+ 9 ,sp5c]'s & ! ,b5$ict9e edition is 1 = :i* ,lommatzs* reads 4 ,footnote #bge3 4 ,footnote #bgf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,he says1 9 addition1 t 8all ! ,*ri/ians 7 ( "o m9d10 n obs]v+1 ev5 9 ?is p>ticul>1 t f ! beg9n+ !re 7 diff]5ces ( op9ion among believ]s reg>d+ ! mean+#bgg ( ! books held to be div9e4 ,at all ev5ts1 :ile ! apo/les 7 /ill prea*+1 & :ile eye-witnesses ( ! works ( ,jesus 7 /ill tea*+ ,8 doctr9e1 !re 0 no small discussion among ! conv]ts f ,judaism reg>d+ ,g5tile believ]s1 on ! po9t :e!r !y ought to obs]ve ,jewi% cu/oms1 or %\ld reject ! burd5 ( clean & unclean meats1 z n be+ obligatory on ^? :o _h ab&on$ _! ance/ral ,g5tile cu/oms1 & _h become believ]s 9 ,jesus4 ,nay1 ev5 9 ! epi/les ( ,paul1 :o 0 contempor>y ) ^? :o _h se5 ,jesus1 c]ta9 p>ticul>s are f\nd m5tion$ z hav+ be5 ! subject ( dispute1--viz4 respect+ ! resurrection1#bgh & :e!r x 7 already pa/1 & ! day ( ! ,"l1 :e!r x 7 nigh at h&#bgi or n4 ,nay1 ! v exhortation to 8avoid pr(ane & va9 babbl+s1 & oppositions ( sci5ce falsely s call$3 :i* "s pr(ess+1 h err$ conc]n+ ! fai?10#bhj is en\gh to %[ t f ! v beg9n+1 :51 z ,celsus imag9es1 believ]s 7 few 9 numb]1 !re 7 c]ta9 doctr9es int]pret$ 9 diff]5t ways4#bha ,footnote #bgg3 4 ,footnote #bgh3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ab sqq4 ,footnote #bgi3 ,cf4 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #b4 ,footnote #bhj3 ,cf4 #a ,tim4 vi4 #bj4 ,footnote #bha3 4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,9 ! next place1 s9ce he reproa*es u ) ! exi/5ce ( h]esies 9 ,*ri/ianity z be+ a gr\nd ( accusation aga9/ x1 say+ t 8:5 ,*ri/ians _h greatly increas$ 9 numb]s1 !y 7 divid$ & split up into factions1 ea* individual desir+ to h 8 own p>ty20 & fur!r1 t 8be+ ?us sep>at$ ?r\gh _! numb]s1 !y confute "o ano!r1 /ill hav+1 s to speak1 "o "n 9 common1 if inde$ !y /ill reta9 x4 ,& ?is is ! only ?+ :i* !y are yet a%am$ to ab&on1 :ile o!r matt]s are det]m9$ 9 diff]5t ways by ! v>i\s sects40 ,9 reply to :i*1 we say t h]esies ( diff]5t k9ds h nev] orig9at$ f any matt] 9 :i* ! pr9ciple involv$ 0 n important & b5eficial to human life4 ,= s9ce ! sci5ce ( m$ic9e is useful & necess>y to ! human race1 & _m are ! po9ts ( dispute 9 x respect+ ! mann] ( cur+ bodies1 !re are f\nd1 = ?is reason1 num]\s h]esies confess$ly prevail+ 9 ! sci5ce ( m$ic9e among ! ,greeks1 & also1 ,i suppose1 among ^? b>b>\s nations :o pr(ess to employ m$ic9e4 ,&1 aga91 s9ce philosophy makes a pr(ession ( ! tru?1 & promises a k ( exi/+ ?+s ) a view to ! regulation ( life1 & endeav\rs to tea* :at is advantage\s to our race1 & s9ce ! inve/igation ( ^! matt]s is att5d$ ) great diff]5ces ( op9ion1#bhb innum]able h]esies h consequ5tly sprung up 9 philosophy1 "s ( :i* are m celebrat$ ?an o!rs4 ,ev5 ,judaism itself af=d$ a pretext = ! orig9ation ( h]esies1 9 ! diff]5t acceptation accord$ to ! writ+s ( ,moses & ^? ( ! prophets4 ,s1 !n1 see+ ,*ri/ianity appe>$ an object ( v5]ation to m51 n to ! m s]vile class alone1 z ,celsus supposes1 b to _m among ! ,greeks :o 7 devot$ to lit]>y pursuits1#bhc !re necess>ily orig9at$ h]esies1--n at all1 h[ev]1 z ! result ( faction & /rife1 b ?r\gh ! e>ne/ desire ( _m lit]>y m5 to become acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! consequ5ce ( :i* 01 t1 tak+ 9 diff]5t acceptations ^? disc\rses :i* 7 believ$ by all to be div9e1 !re arose h]esies1 :i* receiv$ _! names f ^? individuals :o admir$1 inde$1 ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity1 b :o 7 l$1 9 "s way or o!r1 by c]ta9 plausible reasons1 to discordant views4 ,& yet no "o w\ld act rationally 9 avoid+ m$ic9e because ( its h]esies2 nor w\ld he :o aim$ at t :i* is seemly#bhd ent]ta9 a hatr$ ( philosophy1 & adduce its _m h]esies z a pretext = 8 antipa?y4 ,& s nei!r are ! sacr$ books ( ,moses & ! prophets to be condemn$ on acc\nt ( ! h]esies 9 ,judaism4 ,footnote #bhb3 4 ,footnote #bhc3 4 ,footnote #bhd3 4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,n[1 if ^! argum5ts hold good1 :y %\ld we n def5d1 9 ! same way1 ! exi/5ce ( h]esies 9 ,*ri/ianity8 ,& respect+ ^!1 ,paul appe>s to me to speak 9 a v /rik+ mann] :5 he says1 8,= !re mu/ be h]esies among y1 t !y :o are approv$ may be made manife/ among y40#bhe ,= z t man is 8approv$0 9 m$ic9e :o1 on acc\nt ( 8 exp]i5ce 9 v>i\s m$ical h]esies1 & 8 hone/ exam9ation ( ! majority ( !m1 has select$ ! pref]able sy/em1--& z ! great pr(ici5t 9 philosophy is he :o1 aft] acqua9t+ himself exp]im5tally ) ! v>i\s views1 has giv5 9 8 adhesion to ! be/1--s ,i w\ld say t ! wise/ ,*ri/ian 0 he :o _h c>efully /udi$ ! h]esies bo? ( ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,:]eas he :o f9ds fault ) ,*ri/ianity because ( its h]esies w\ld f9d fault also ) ! tea*+ ( ,socrates1 f ^: s*ool h issu$ _m o!rs ( discordant views4 ,nay1 ! op9ions ( ,plato might be *>geable ) error1 on acc\nt ( ,ari/otle's hav+ sep>at$ f 8 s*ool1 & f\nd$ a new "o1--on :i* subject we h rem>k$ 9 ! prec$+ book4 ,b x appe>s to me t ,celsus has become acqua9t$ ) c]ta9 h]esies :i* d n possess ev5 ! "n ( ,jesus 9 common ) u4 ,p]haps he _h he>d ( ! sects call$ ,ophites & ,ca9ites1 or "s o!rs ( a simil> nature1 :i* _h dep>t$ 9 all po9ts f ! tea*+ ( ,jesus4 ,& yet surely ?is furni%es no gr\nd = a *>ge aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,footnote #bhe3 #a ,cor4 xi4 #ai4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,aft] ?is he cont9ues3 8,_! union is ! m wond]ful1 ! m x c be %[n to be bas$ on no sub/antial reason4 ,& yet rebellion is a sub/antial reason1 z well z ! advantages :i* accrue f x1 & ! fe> ( ext]nal enemies4 ,su* are ! causes :i* give /ability to _! fai?40 ,to ?is we answ]1 t our union does ?us re/ ^u a reason1 or r n ^u a reason1 b ^u ! div9e work+1#bhf s t its comm5cem5t 0 ,god's tea*+ m51 9 ! prophetical writ+s1 to expect ! adv5t ( ,*ri/1 :o 0 to be ! ,savi\r ( mank9d4 ,= 9 s f> z ?is po9t is n really refut$ 7al?\gh x may seem to be by unbeliev]s71 9 ! same proportion is ! doctr9e comm5d$ z ! doctr9e ( ,god1 & ,jesus %[n to be ! ,son ( ,god bo? be=e & aft] ,8 inc>nation4 ,i ma9ta91 moreov]1 t ev5 aft] ,8 inc>nation1 ,he is always f\nd by ^? :o possess ! acute/ spiritual vision to be mo/ ,god-l1 & to h really come d[n to u f ,god1 & to h d]iv$ ,8 orig9 or subsequ5t developm5t n f human wisdom1 b f ! manife/ation#bhg ( ,god )9 ,him1 :o by ,8 manifold wisdom & miracles e/abli%$ ,judaism fir/1 & ,*ri/ianity aft]w>ds2 & ! ass]tion t rebellion1 & ! advantages att5d+ x1 7 ! orig9at+ causes ( a doctr9e :i* has conv]t$ & improv$ s _m m5 0 effectually refut$4 ,footnote #bhf3 4 ,footnote #bhg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,b aga91 t x is n ! fe> ( ext]nal enemies :i* /r5g!ns our union1 is pla9 f ! fact t ?is cause1 by ,god's w1 has already1 = a consid]able "t1 ceas$ to exi/4 ,& x is probable t ! secure exi/5ce1 s f> z reg>ds ! _w1 enjoy$ by believ]s at pres5t1 w come to an end1 s9ce ^? :o calumniate ,*ri/ianity 9 e way are aga9 attribut+ ! pres5t frequ5cy ( rebellion to ! multitude ( believ]s1 & to _! n be+ p]secut$ by ! au?orities z 9 old times4 ,= we h le>n$ f ! gospel nei!r to relax our ef=ts 9 days ( peace1 & to give ourselves up to repose1 nor1 :5 ! _w makes w> ^u u1 to become c[>ds1 & apo/atize f ! love ( ! ,god ( all ?+s :i* is 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& we cle>ly manife/ ! illu/ri\s nature ( our orig91 & d n 7z ,celsus imag9es7 conceal x1 :5 we impress ^u ! m9ds ( our fir/ conv]ts a contempt = idols1 & images ( all k9ds1 &1 besides ?is1 raise _! ?\ghts f ! wor%ip ( creat$ ?+s in/ead ( ,god1 & elevate !m to ! univ]sal ,creator2 cle>ly %[+ ,him to be ! subject ( prophecy1 bo? f ! pr$ictions reg>d+ ,him--( :i* !re are _m--& f ^? traditions :i* h be5 c>efully inve/igat$ by su* z are able intellig5tly to und]/& ! ,gospels1 & ! decl>ations ( ! apo/les4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 8,b :at ! leg5ds are ( e k9d :i* we ga!r toge!r1 or ! t]rors :i* we inv5t10 z ,celsus )\t pro( ass]ts1 he :o likes may %[4 ,i "k n1 inde$1 :at he means by 8inv5t+ t]rors10 unless x be our doctr9e ( ,god z ,judge1 & ( ! condemnation ( m5 = _! de$s1 ) ! v>i\s pro(s d]iv$ p>tly f ,scripture1 p>tly f probable reason4 ,& yet--= tru? is preci\s--,celsus says1 at ! close1 8,=bid t ei!r ,i1 or ^!1 or any o!r individual %\ld ev] reject ! doctr9e respect+ ! future puni%m5t ( ! wick$ & ! rew>d ( ! good60 ,:at t]rors1 !n1 if y except ! doctr9e ( puni%m5t1 d we inv5t & impose ^u mank9d8 ,& if he %\ld reply t 8we weave toge!r errone\s op9ions drawn f anci5t s\rces1 & trumpet !m al\d1 & s\nd !m be=e m51 z ! prie/s ( ,cybele cla% _! cymbals 9 ! e>s ( ^? :o are be+ initiat$ 9 _! my/]ies20#bhh we %all ask him 9 reply1 8,errone\s op9ions f :at anci5t s\rces80 ,=1 :e!r he ref]s to ,grecian acc\nts1 :i* taught ! exi/5ce ( c\rts ( ju/ice "u ! e>?1 or ,jewi%1 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 pr$ict$ ! life t foll[s ! pres5t "o2 he w be unable to %[ t we :o1 /riv+ to believe on gr\nds ( reason1 regulate our lives 9 con=mity ) su* doctr9es1 h fail$ correctly to asc]ta9 ! tru?4#bhi ,footnote #bhh3 1 4 ,footnote #bhi3 1 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,he wi%es1 inde$1 to comp>e ! articles ( our fai? to ^? ( ! ,egyptians2 8among :om1 z y approa* _! sacr$ edifices1 are to be se5 spl5did enclosures1 & groves1 & l>ge & beautiful gateways1#bij & wond]ful temples1 & magnific5t t5ts ar\nd !m1 & c]emonies ( wor%ip full ( sup]/ition & my/]y2 b :5 y h ent]$1 & pass$ )91 ! object ( wor%ip is se5 to be a cat1 or an ape1 or a crocodile1 or a goat1 or a dog60 ,n[1 :at is ! resemblance#bia betwe5 u & ! spl5d\rs ( ,egyptian wor%ip :i* are se5 by ^? :o draw ne> _! temples8 ,& :]e is ! resemblance to ^? irrational animals :i* are wor%ipp$ )91 aft] y pass ?r\gh ! spl5did gateways8 ,are our prophecies1 & ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & ! injunctions aga9/ images1 objects ( rev]5ce 9 ! view ( ,celsus also1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$1 ! analogue to ! wor%ip ( ! irrational animal8 ,b if he %\ld ass]t ?is--& ,i d n ?9k t he w ma9ta9 any?+ else--we %all reply t we h spok5 9 ! prec$+ pages at great] l5g? 9 def5ce ( ^? *>ges affect+ ,jesus1 %[+ t :at appe>$ to h happ5$ to ,him 9 ! capacity ( ,8 human nature1 0 fraught ) b5efit to all m51 & ) salvation to ! :ole _w4 ,footnote #bij3 4 ,footnote #bia3 4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,9 ! next place1 ref]r+ to ! /atem5ts ( ! ,egyptians1 :o talk l(tily ab\t irrational animals1 & :o ass]t t !y are a sort ( symbols ( ,god1 or any?+ else :i* _! prophets1 s t]m$1 are accu/om$ to call !m1 ,celsus says t 8an impression is produc$ 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o h le>n$ ^! ?+s2 t !y h n be5 initiat$ 9 va920#bib :ile ) reg>d to ! tru?s :i* are taught 9 our writ+s to ^? :o h made progress 9 ! /udy ( ,*ri/ianity 7?r\gh t :i* is call$ by ,paul ! gift consi/+ 9 ! 8^w ( wisdom0 ?r\gh ! ,_s1 & 9 ! 8^w ( k0 accord+ to ! ,_s71 ,celsus does n seem ev5 to h =m$ an idea1#bic judg+ n only f :at he has already said1 b f :at he subsequ5tly adds 9 8 attack ^u ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 :5 he ass]ts t ,*ri/ians 8repel e wise man f ! doctr9e ( _! fai?1 & invite only ! ignorant & ! vulg>20 on :i* ass]tions we %all rem>k 9 due "t1 :5 we come to ! prop] place4 ,footnote #bib3 1 4 ,footnote #bic3 4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,he says1 inde$1 t 8we ridicule ! ,egyptians1 al?\gh !y pres5t _m by no means contemptible my/]ies#bid = our consid]ation1 :5 !y tea* u t su* rites are acts ( wor%ip (f]$ to et]nal ideas1 & n1 z ! multitude ?9k1 to ephem]al animals2 & t we are silly1 because we introduce no?+ nobl] ?an ! goats & dogs ( ! ,egyptian wor%ip 9 our n>ratives ab\t ,jesus40 ,n[ to ?is we reply1 8,good sir1#bie suppose t y are "r 9 eulogiz+ ! fact t ! ,egyptians pres5t to view _m by no means contemptible my/]ies1 & obscure explanations ab\t ! animals wor%ipp$ among !m1 y nev]!less d n act consi/5tly 9 accus+ u z if y believ$ t we _h no?+ to /ate :i* 0 wor?y ( consid]ation1 b t all our doctr9es 7 contemptible & ( no acc\nt1 see+ we unfold#bif ! n>ratives conc]n+ ,jesus accord+ to ! #8wisdom ( ! ^w' to ^? :o are #8p]fect' 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,reg>d+ :om1 z be+ compet5t to und]/& ! wisdom t is 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ,paul says3 #8,we speak wisdom among !m t are p]fect2 yet n ! wisdom ( ?is _w1 nor ( ! pr9ces ( ?is _w1 :o come to n\ght1 b we speak ! wisdom ( ,god 9 a my/]y1 ev5 ! hidd5 wisdom :i* ,god orda9$ be=e ! _w unto our glory1 :i* none ( ! pr9ces ( ?is _w knew4'0#big ,footnote #bid3 4 ,footnote #bie3 4 ,footnote #bif3 4 ,footnote #big3 #a ,cor4 ii4 #f-h4 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,& we say to ^? :o hold simil> op9ions to ^? ( ,celsus3 8,paul !n1 we are to suppose1 _h be=e 8 m9d ! idea ( no pre-em95t wisdom :5 he pr(ess$ to speak wisdom among !m t are p]fect80 ,n[1 z he spoke ) 8 cu/om>y boldness :5 9 mak+ su* a pr(ession he said t he 0 possess$ ( no wisdom1 we %all say 9 reply3 fir/ ( all exam9e ! epi/les ( him :o utt]s ^! words1 & look c>efully at ! mean+ ( ea* expression 9 !m--say1 9 ^? to ! ,ephesians1 & ,colossians1 & ,!ssalonians1 & ,philippians1 & ,romans1--& %[ two ?+s1 bo? t y und]/& ,paul's words1 & t y c demon/rate any ( !m to be silly or fooli%4 ,= if any "o give himself to _! att5tive p]usal1 ,i am well assur$ ei!r t he w be amaz$ at ! und]/&+ ( ! man :o c clo! great ideas 9 common language2 or if he be n amaz$1 he w only exhibit himself 9 a ridicul\s light1 :e!r he simply /ate ! mean+ ( ! writ] z if he _h compreh5d$ x1 or try to controv]t & confute :at he only imag9$ t he und]/ood6 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,& ,i h n yet spok5 ( ! obs]vance#bih ( all t is writt5 9 ! ,gospels1 ea* "o ( :i* conta9s mu* doctr9e difficult to be und]/ood1 n m]ely by ! multitude1 b ev5 by c]ta9 ( ! m intellig5t1 includ+ a v pr(\nd explanation ( ! p>ables :i* ,jesus deliv]$ to 8^? )\t10 :ile res]v+ ! exhibition ( _! full mean+#bii = ^? :o _h pass$ beyond ! /age ( exot]ic tea*+1 & :o came to ,him privately 9 ! h\se4 ,& :5 he comes to und]/& x1 he w admire ! reason :y "s are said to be 8)\t10 & o!rs 89 ! h\se40 ,& aga91 :o w\ld n be fill$ ) a/oni%m5t t is able to compreh5d ! movem5ts#cjj ( ,jesus2 asc5d+ at "o "t a m\nta9 = ! purpose ( deliv]+ c]ta9 disc\rses1 or ( p]=m+ c]ta9 miracles1 or = ,8 own transfiguration1 & desc5d+ aga9 to heal ! sick & ^? :o 7 unable to foll[ ,him :i!r ,8 disciples w5t8 ,b x is n ! appropriate "t to describe at pres5t ! truly v5]able & div9e cont5ts ( ! ,gospels1 or ! m9d ( ,*ri/--t is1 ! wisdom & ! ^w--conta9$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,paul4 ,b :at we h said is suffici5t by way ( answ] to ! unphilosophic sne]s#cja ( ,celsus1 9 comp>+ ! inn] my/]ies ( ! *ur* ( ,god to ! cats1 & apes1 & crocodiles1 & goats1 & dogs ( ,egypt4 ,footnote #bih3 4 ,footnote #bii3 4 ,footnote #cjj3 4 ,footnote #cja3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,b ?is l[ je/]#cjb ,celsus1 omitt+ no species ( mock]y & ridicule :i* c be employ$ aga9/ u1 m5tions 9 8 treatise ! ,dioscuri1 & ,h]cules1 & sculapius1 & ,dionysus1 :o are believ$ by ! ,greeks to h become gods aft] be+ m51 & says t 8we _c be> to call su* be+s gods1 because !y 7 at fir/ m51#cjc & yet !y manife/$ _m noble qualities1 :i* 7 display$ = ! b5efit ( mank9d1 :ile we ass]t t ,jesus 0 se5 aft] ,8 dea? by ,8 own foll[]s20 & he br+s aga9/ u an additional *>ge1 z if we said t 8,he 0 se5 inde$1 b 0 only a %ad[60 ,n[ to ?is we reply1 t x 0 v artful ( ,celsus n "h cle>ly to indicate t he did n reg>d ^! be+s z gods1 = he 0 afraid ( ! op9ion ( ^? :o might p]use 8 treatise1 & :o might suppose him to be an a!i/2 :]eas1 if he _h paid respect to :at appe>$ to him to be ! tru?1 he w\ld n h feign$ to reg>d !m z gods4#cjd ,n[ to ei!r ( ! allegations we are ready ) an answ]4 ,let u1 accord+ly1 to ^? :o d n reg>d !m z gods reply z foll[s3 ,^! be+s1 !n1 are n gods at all2 b agreeably to ! view ( ^? :o ?9k t ! s\l ( man p]i%es imm$iately aft] dea?1 ! s\ls ( ^! m5 also p]i%$2 or accord+ to ! op9ion ( ^? :o say t ! s\l cont9ues to subsi/ or is immortal1 ^! m5 cont9ue to exi/ or are immortal1 & !y are n gods b h]oes1--or n ev5 h]oes1 b simply s\ls4 ,if1 !n1 on ! "o h&1 y suppose !m n to exi/1 we %all h to prove ! doctr9e ( ! s\l's immortality1 :i* is to u a doctr9e ( pre-em95t importance2#cje if1 on ! o!r1 !y d exi/1 we h /ill to prove#cjf ! doctr9e ( immortality1 n only by :at ! ,greeks h s well said reg>d+ x1 b also 9 a mann] agreeable to ! tea*+ ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,& we %all demon/rate t x is impossible = ^? :o 7 poly!i/s dur+ _! lives to obta9 a bett] c\ntry & position aft] _! dep>ture f ?is _w1 by quot+ ! hi/ories t are relat$ ( !m1 9 :i* is record$ ! great dissolut5ess ( ,h]cules1 & 8 effem9ate bondage ) ,omphale1 toge!r ) ! /atem5ts reg>d+ sculapius1 t _! ,zeus /ruck him dead by a ?und]bolt4 ,& ( ! ,dioscuri1 x w be said t !y die (t5-- 8,at "o "t live on alt]nate days1 & at ano!r ,die1 & obta9 hon\r equally ) ! gods40#cjg ,h[1 !n1 c !y reasonably imag9e t "o ( ^! is to be reg>d$ z a god or a h]o8 ,footnote #cjb3 4 ,footnote #cjc3 ,! read+ 9 ! text is 1 = :i* ,boh]eau proposes 1 :i* we h adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,footnote #cjd3 ,we h foll[$ 9 ! translation ! em5dation ( ,guietus1 :o propos$ 1 1 4441 in/ead ( ! textual read+1 1 1 444 ,footnote #cje3 4 ,footnote #cjf3 ,boh]eau conjectures1 ) great probability1 t in/ead ( 1 we ought to read 4 ,footnote #cjg3 ,cf4 ,hom4 ,odyss4 xi4 #cjc & #cjd4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,b we1 9 prov+ ! facts relat$ ( our ,jesus f ! prophetic ,scriptures1 & comp>+ aft]w>ds ,8 hi/ory ) !m1 demon/rate t no dissolut5ess on 8 "p is record$4 ,= ev5 !y :o conspir$ aga9/ ,him1 & :o s\ght false witnesses to aid !m1 did n f9d ev5 any plausible gr\nds = advanc+ a false *>ge aga9/ ,him1 s z to accuse ,him ( lic5ti\sness2 b ,8 dea? 0 inde$ ! result ( a conspiracy1 & bore no resemblance to ! dea? ( sculapius by lightn+4 ,& :at is !re t is v5]able 9 ! madman ,dionysus1 & 8 female g>m5ts1 t he %\ld be wor%ipp$ z a god8 ,& if !y :o w\ld def5d su* be+s betake !mselves to allegorical int]pretations1 we mu/ exam9e ea* individual in/ance1 & asc]ta9 :e!r x is well f\nd$1#cjh & also 9 ea* p>ticul> case1 :e!r ^? be+s c h a real exi/5ce1 & are des]v+ ( respect & wor%ip :o 7 torn by ! ,titans1 & ca/ d[n f _! heav5ly ?rone4 ,:]eas our ,jesus1 :o appe>$ to ! memb]s ( ,8 own troop#cji--;= ,i w take ! ^w t ,celsus employs--did really appe>1 & ,celsus makes a false accusation aga9/ ! gospel 9 say+ t :at appe>$ 0 a %ad[4 ,& let ! /atem5ts ( _! hi/ories & t ( ,jesus be c>efully comp>$ toge!r4 ,w ,celsus h ! =m] to be true1 b ! latt]1 al?\gh record$ by eye-witnesses :o %[$ by _! acts t !y cle>ly und]/ood ! nature ( :at !y _h se51 & :o manife/$ _! /ate ( m9d by :at !y *e]fully und]w5t = ! sake ( ,8 gospel1 to be inv5tions8 ,n[1 :o is !re t1 desir+ to act always 9 con=mity ) "r reason1 w\ld yield 8 ass5t at r&om#caj to :at is relat$ ( ! "o1 b w\ld ru% to ! hi/ory ( ,jesus1 & )\t exam9ation refuse to believe :at is record$ ( ,him8#caa ,footnote #cjh3 4 ,footnote #cji3 4 ,footnote #caj3 4 ,footnote #caa3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,& aga91 :5 x is said ( sculapius t a great multitude bo? ( ,greeks & b>b>ians ackn[l$ge t !y h frequ5tly se51 & /ill see1 no m]e phantom1 b sculapius himself1 heal+ & do+ good1 & =etell+ ! future2 ,celsus requires u to believe ?is1 & f9ds no fault ) ! believ]s 9 ,jesus1 :5 we express our belief 9 su* /ories1 b :5 we give our ass5t to ! disciples1 & eye-witnesses ( ! miracles ( ,jesus1 :o cle>ly manife/ ! hone/y ( _! convictions 7because we see _! guilelessness1 z f> z x is possible to see ! consci5ce reveal$ 9 writ+71 we are call$ by him a set ( 8silly0 individuals1 al?\gh he _c demon/rate t an incalculable#cab numb]1 z he ass]ts1 ( ,greeks & b>b>ians ackn[l$ge ! exi/5ce ( sculapius2 :ile we1 if we deem ?is a matt] ( importance1 c cle>ly %[ a c\ntless multitude ( ,greeks & b>b>ians :o ackn[l$ge ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus4 ,& "s give evid5ce ( _! hav+ receiv$ ?r\gh ?is fai? a m>vell\s p[] by ! cures :i* !y p]=m1 invok+ no o!r "n ov] ^? :o ne$ _! help ?an t ( ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & ( ,jesus1 along ) a m5tion ( ,8 hi/ory4 ,= by ^! means we too h se5 _m p]sons fre$ f griev\s calamities1 & f di/ractions ( m9d1#cac & madness1 & c\ntless o!r ills1 :i* c\ld be cur$ nei!r by m5 nor devils4 ,footnote #cab3 4 ,footnote #cac3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,n[1 9 ord] to grant t !re did exi/ a heal+ _s nam$ sculapius1 :o us$ to cure ! bodies ( m51 ,i w\ld say to ^? :o are a/oni%$ at su* an occurr5ce1 or at ! prophetic k ( ,apollo1 t s9ce ! cure ( bodies is a ?+ indiff]5t1#cad & a matt] )9 ! rea* n m]ely ( ! good1#cae b also ( ! bad2 & z ! =ekn[l$ge ( ! future is also a ?+ indiff]5t--= ! possessor ( =ekn[l$ge does n necess>ily manife/ ! possession ( virtue--y mu/ %[ t !y :o practise heal+ or :o =etell ! future are 9 no respect wick$1 b exhibit a p]fect patt]n ( virtue1 & are n f> f be+ reg>d$ z gods4 ,b !y w n be able to %[ t !y are virtu\s :o practise ! art ( heal+1 or :o are gift$ ) =ekn[l$ge1 see+ _m :o are n fit to live are relat$ to h be5 heal$2 & ^!1 too1 p]sons :om1 z lead+ improp] lives1 no wise physician w\ld wi% to heal4 ,& 9 ! responses ( ! ,py?ian oracle also y may f9d "s injunctions :i* are n 9 accordance ) reason1 two ( :i* we w adduce on ! pres5t occasion2 viz4 :5 x gave comm&m5t t ,cleom$es#caf--! box]1 ,i suppose--%\ld be hon\r$ ) div9e hon\rs1 see+ "s great importance or o!r atta*+ to 8 pugili/ic skill1 b did n conf] ei!r ^u ,py?agoras or ^u ,socrates ! hon\rs :i* x aw>d$ to pugilism2 & also :5 x call$ ,ar*ilo*us 8! s]vant ( ! ,muses0--a man :o employ$ 8 poetic p[]s ^u topics ( ! mo/ wick$ & lic5ti\s nature1 & ^: public "* 0 dissolute & impure--& entitl$ him 8pi\s10#cag 9 respect ( 8 be+ ! s]vant ( ! ,muses1 :o are deem$ to be goddesses6 ,n[ ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t no "o w\ld ass]t t he 0 a 8pi\s0 man :o 0 n adorn$ ) all mod]ation & virtue1 or t a decor\s#cah man w\ld utt] su* expressions z are conta9$ 9 ! unseemly#cai iambics ( ,ar*ilo*us4 ,& if no?+ t is div9e 9 itself is %[n to belong ei!r to ! heal+ skill ( sculapius or ! prophetic p[] ( ,apollo1 h[ c\ld any "o1 ev5 7 ,i to grant t ! facts are z alleg$1 reasonably wor%ip !m z pure div9ities8--& especially :5 ! prophetic _s ( ,apollo1 pure f any body ( e>?1 secretly ent]s ?r\gh ! private p>ts ! p]son ( h] :o is call$ ! prie/ess1 z %e is seat$ at ! m\? ( ! ,py?ian cave6#cbj ,:]eas reg>d+ ,jesus & ,8 p[] we h no su* notion2 = ! body :i* 0 born ( ! ,virg9 0 compos$ ( human mat]ial1 & capable ( receiv+ human w\nds & dea?4 ,footnote #cad3 4 ,footnote #cae3 4 ,footnote #caf3 ,cf4 ,smi?'s ,dict4 ( ,biograph4 s4v4 ,footnote #cag3 4 ,footnote #cah3 4 ,footnote #cai3 4 ,footnote #cbj3 1 1 4 ,boh]ellus conjectures 4 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,let u see :at ,celsus says next1 :5 he adduces f hi/ory m>vell\s occurr5ces1 :i* 9 !mselves seem to be incr$ible1 b :i* are n discr$it$ by him1 s f> at lea/ z appe>s f 8 words4 ,&1 9 ! fir/ place1 reg>d+ ,ari/eas ( ,proconnesus1 ( :om he speaks z foll[s3 8,!n1 ) respect to ,ari/eas ( ,proconnesus1 :o disappe>$ f among m5 9 a mann] s indicative ( div9e int]v5tion1#cba & :o %[$ himself aga9 9 s unmi/akeable a fa%ion1 & on _m subsequ5t occasions visit$ _m p>ts ( ! _w1 & ann\nc$ m>vell\s ev5ts1 & :om ,apollo enjo9$ ! inhabitants ( ,metapontium to reg>d z a god1 no "o consid]s him to be a god40 ,?is acc\nt he appe>s to h tak5 f ,p9d> & ,h]odotus4 ,x w be suffici5t1 h[ev]1 at pres5t to quote ! /atem5t ( ! latt] writ] f ! f\r? book ( 8 hi/ories1 :i* is to ! foll[+ effect3 8,( :at c\ntry ,ari/eas1 :o made ^! v]ses1 01 has already be5 m5tion$1 & ,i %all n[ relate ! acc\nt ,i he>d ( him 9 ,proconnesus & ,cyzicus4 ,!y say t ,ari/eas1 :o 0 inf]ior to none ( ! citiz5s by bir?1 ent]+ into a full]'s %op 9 ,proconnesus1 di$ sudd5ly1 & t ! full]1 hav+ clos$ 8 work%op1 w5t to acqua9t ! relatives ( ! deceas$4 ,:5 ! report _h spread ?r\gh ! city t ,ari/eas 0 dead1 a c]ta9 ,cyzic5ian1 arriv+ f ,artace1 fell into a dispute ) ^? :o made ! report1 affirm+ t he _h met & conv]s$ ) him on 8 way to ,cyzicus1 & he vehem5tly disput$ ! tru? ( ! report2 b ! relations ( ! deceas$ w5t to ! full]'s %op1 tak+ ) !m :at 0 necess>y = ! purpose ( c>ry+ ! body away2 b :5 ! h\se 0 op5$1 ,ari/eas 0 n to be se51 ei!r dead or alive4 ,!y say t aft]w>ds1 9 ! sev5? ye>1 he appe>$ 9 ,proconnesus1 compos$ ^? v]ses :i* by ! ,greeks are n[ call$ ,arimaspian1 & hav+ compos$ !m1 disappe>$ a second "t4 ,su* is ! /ory curr5t 9 ^! cities4 ,b ^! ?+s ,i "k happ5$ to ! ,metapont9es 9 ,italy #cdj ye>s aft] ! second disappe>ance ( ,ari/eas1 z ,i discov]$ by computation 9 ,proconnesus & ,metapontium4 ,! ,metapont9es say t ,ari/eas himself1 hav+ appe>$ 9 _! c\ntry1 exhort$ !m to erect an alt> to ,apollo1 & to place ne> x a /atue be>+ ! "n ( ,ari/eas ! ,proconnesian2 = he said t ,apollo _h visit$ _! c\ntry only ( all ! ,italians1 & t he himself1 :o 0 n[ ,ari/eas1 accompani$ him2 & t :5 he accompani$ ! god he 0 a cr[2 & aft] say+ ?is he vani%$4 ,& ! ,metapont9es say !y s5t to ,delphi to inquire ( ! god :at ! app>ition ( ! man meant2 b ! ,py?ian bade !m obey ! app>ition1 & if !y obey$ x w\ld conduce to _! b5efit4 ,!y accord+ly1 hav+ receiv$ ?is answ]1 fulfill$ ! injunctions4 ,& n[1 a /atue be>+ ! "n ( ,ari/eas is plac$ ne> ! image ( ,apollo1 & ar\nd x laurels are plant$3 ! image is plac$ 9 ! public squ>e4 ,?us mu* conc]n+ ,ari/eas40#cbb ,footnote #cba3 4 ,footnote #cbb3 ,h]od4 book iv4 *ap4 #ad & #ae 7,c>y's transl474 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,n[1 9 answ] to ?is acc\nt ( ,ari/eas1 we h to say1 t if ,celsus _h adduc$ x z hi/ory1 )\t signify+ 8 own ass5t to its tru?1 x is 9 a diff]5t way t we %\ld h met 8 argum5t4 ,b s9ce he ass]ts t he 8disappe>$ ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! div9ity10 & 8%[$ himself aga9 9 an unmi/akeable mann]10 & 8visit$ _m p>ts ( ! _w10 & 8made m>vell\s ann\ncem5ts20 &1 moreov]1 t !re 0 8an oracle ( ,apollo1 enjo9+ ! ,metapont9es to treat ,ari/eas z a god10 he gives ! acc\nts relat+ to him z ^u 8 own au?ority1 & ) 8 full ass5t4 ,& ?is be+ ! case1 we ask1 ,h[ is x possible t1 :ile suppos+ ! m>vels relat$ by ! disciples ( ,jesus reg>d+ _! ,ma/] to be :olly fictiti\s1 & f9d+ fault ) ^? :o believe !m1 y1 ,o ,celsus1 d n reg>d ^! /ories ( y\rs to be ei!r products ( juggl]y#cbc or inv5tions8 ,& h[1#cbd :ile *>g+ o!rs ) an irrational belief 9 ! m>vels record$ ( ,jesus1 c y %[ y\rself ju/ifi$ 9 giv+ cr$5ce to su* /atem5ts z ! above1 )\t produc+ "s pro( or evid5ce ( ! alleg$ occurr5ces hav+ tak5 place8 ,or d ,h]odotus & ,p9d> appe> to y to speak ! tru?1 :ile !y :o h made x _! conc]n to die = ! doctr9e ( ,jesus1 & :o h left to _! successors writ+s s rem>kable on ! tru?s :i* !y believ$1 ent]$ ^u a /ruggle = ! sake ( 8fictions0 7z y consid] !m71 & 8my?s10 & 8juggl]ies10 :i* entails a life ( dang] & a dea? ( viol5ce8 ,place y\rself1 !n1 z a neutral p>ty1 betwe5 :at is relat$ ( ,ari/eas & :at is record$ ( ,jesus1 & see :e!r1 f ! result1 & f ! b5efits :i* h accru$ to ! re=mation ( morals1 & to ! wor%ip ( ! ,god :o is ov] all ?+s1 x is n all[able to conclude t we mu/ believe ! ev5ts record$ ( ,jesus n to h happ5$ )\t ! div9e int]v5tion1 b t ?is 0 n ! case ) ! /ory ( ,ari/eas ! ,proconnesian4 ,footnote #cbc3 4 ,footnote #cbd3 ,guietus conjectures1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,= ) :at purpose 9 view did ,provid5ce accompli% ! m>vels relat$ ( ,ari/eas8 ,& to conf] :at b5efit ^u ! human race did su* rem>kable ev5ts1 z y reg>d !m1 take place8 ,y _c answ]4 ,b we1 :5 we relate ! ev5ts ( ! hi/ory ( ,jesus1 h no ord9>y def5ce to (f] = _! occurr5ce2--?is1 viz41 t ,god desir$ to comm5d ! doctr9e ( ,jesus z a doctr9e :i* 0 to save mank9d1 & :i* 0 bas$1 inde$1 ^u ! apo/les z f\ndations ( ! ris+#cbe edifice ( ,*ri/ianity1 b :i* increas$ 9 magnitude also 9 ! succe$+ ages1 9 :i* n a few cures are wr\ght 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 & c]ta9 o!r manife/ations ( no small mom5t h tak5 place4 ,n[ :at sort ( p]son is ,apollo1 :o enjo9$ ! ,metapont9es to treat ,ari/eas z a god8 ,& ) :at object does he d ?is8 ,& :at advantage 0 he procur+ to ! ,metapont9es f ?is div9e wor%ip1 if !y 7 to reg>d him z a god1 :o a little ago 0 a mortal8 ,& yet ! recomm5dations ( ,apollo 7view$ by u z a demon :o has obta9$ ! hon\r ( libation & sacrificial od\rs#cbf7 reg>d+ ?is ,ari/eas appe> to y to be wor?y ( consid]ation2 :ile ^? ( ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & ( ,8 holy angels1 made kn[n be=eh& ?r\gh ! prophets--n aft] ! bir? ( ,jesus1 b be=e ,he appe>$ among m5--d n /ir y up to admiration1 n m]ely ( ! prophets :o receiv$ ! ,div9e ,_s1 b ( ,him also :o 0 ! object ( _! pr$ictions1 ^: entrance into life 0 s cle>ly pr$ict$ _m ye>s be=eh& by num]\s prophets1 t ! :ole ,jewi% p :o 7 hang+ 9 expectation ( ! com+ ( ,him :o 0 look$ =1 did1 aft] ! adv5t ( ,jesus1 fall into a ke5 dispute ) ea* o!r2 & t a great multitude ( !m ackn[l$g$ ,*ri/1 & believ$ ,him to be ! object ( prophecy1 :ile o!rs did n believe 9 ,him1 b1 despis+ ! meekness ( ^? :o1 on acc\nt ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 7 unwill+ to cause ev5 ! mo/ trifl+ s$ition1 d>$ to inflict on ,jesus ^? cruelties :i* ,8 disciples h s tru?fully & c&idly record$1 )\t secretly omitt+ f _! m>vell\s hi/ory ( ,him :at seems to ! multitude to br+ disgrace ^u ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b bo? ,jesus ,himself & ,8 disciples desir$ t ,8 foll[]s %\ld believe n m]ely 9 ,8 ,godhead & miracles1 z if ,he _h n also be5 a p>tak] ( human nature1 & _h assum$ ! human fle% :i* 8lu/e? aga9/ ! ,_s20#cbg b !y saw also t ! p[] :i* _h desc5d$ into human nature1 & into ! mid/ ( human mis]ies1 & :i* _h assum$ a human s\l & body1 contribut$ ?r\gh fai?1 along ) its div9e elem5ts1 to ! salvation ( believ]s1#cbh :5 !y see t f ,him !re began ! union ( ! div9e ) ! human nature1 9 ord] t ! human1 by communion ) ! div9e1 might rise to be div9e1 n 9 ,jesus alone1 b 9 all ^? :o n only believe1 b#cbi ent] ^u ! life :i* ,jesus taught1 & :i* elevates to fri5d%ip ) ,god & communion ) ,him e "o :o lives accord+ to ! precepts ( ,jesus4 ,footnote #cbe3 4 ,footnote #cbf3 ' 1 4 ,footnote #cbg3 1 ' 4 ,footnote #cbh3 1 1 4 ,footnote #cbi3 4 ,o!rs read1 4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,accord+ to ,celsus1 !n1 ,apollo wi%$ ! ,metapont9es to treat ,ari/eas z a god4 ,b z ! ,metapont9es consid]$ ! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ,ari/eas be+ a man--& probably n a virtu\s "o--to be /rong] ?an ! decl>ation ( ! oracle to ! effect t he 0 a god or wor?y ( div9e hon\rs1 !y = t reason w\ld n obey ,apollo1 & consequ5tly no "o reg>d$ ,ari/eas z a god4 ,b ) respect to ,jesus we w\ld say t1 z x 0 ( advantage to ! human race to accept him z ! ,son ( ,god--,god come 9 a human s\l & body--& z ?is did n seem to be advantage\s to ! glutton\s appetites#ccj ( ! demons :i* love bodies1 & to ^? :o deem !m to be gods on t acc\nt1 ! demons t are on e>? 7:i* are suppos$ to be gods by ^? :o are n in/ruct$ 9 ! nature ( demons71 & also _! wor%ipp]s1 7 desir\s to prev5t ! spread ( ! doctr9e ( ,jesus2 = !y saw t ! libations & od\rs 9 :i* !y gre$ily delight$ 7 be+ swept away by ! preval5ce ( ! in/ructions ( ,jesus4 ,b ! ,god :o s5t ,jesus dissipat$ all ! conspiracies ( ! demons1 & made ! gospel ( ,jesus to prevail ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w = ! conv]sion & re=mation ( m51 & caus$ *ur*es to be ev]y:]e e/abli%$ 9 opposition to ^? ( sup]/iti\s & lic5ti\s & wick$ m52 = su* is ! "* ( ! multitudes :o con/itute ! citiz5s#cca 9 ! assemblies ( ! v>i\s cities4 ,:]eas ! *ur*es ( ,god :i* are in/ruct$ by ,*ri/1 :5 c>efully contra/$ ) ! assemblies ( ! di/ricts 9 :i* !y are situat$1 are z beacons#ccb 9 ! _w2 = :o w\ld n admit t ev5 ! inf]ior memb]s ( ! *ur*1 & ^? :o 9 comp>ison ) ! bett] are less wor?y1 are nev]!less m excell5t ?an _m ( ^? :o belong to ! assemblies 9 ! diff]5t di/ricts8 ,footnote #ccj3 4 ,footnote #cca3 4 ,footnote #ccb3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,= ! *ur*#ccc ( ,god1 e4g4 :i* is at ,a!ns1 is a meek & /able body1 z be+ "o :i* desires to please ,god1 :o is ov] all ?+s2 :]eas ! assembly#ccd ( ! ,a!nians is giv5 to s$ition1 & is n at all to be comp>$ to ! *ur* ( ,god 9 t city4 ,& y may say ! same ?+ ( ! *ur* ( ,god at ,cor9?1 & ( ! assembly ( ! ,cor9?ian p2 & also ( ! *ur* ( ,god at ,alex&ria1 & ( ! assembly ( ! p ( ,alex&ria4 ,& if he :o he>s ?is be a c&id man1 & "o :o inve/igates ?+s ) a desire to asc]ta9 ! tru?1 he w be fill$ ) admiration ( ,him :o n only conceiv$ ! design1 b also 0 able to secure 9 all places ! e/abli%m5t ( *ur*es ( ,god alongside#cce ( ! assemblies ( ! p 9 ea* city4 ,9 l mann]1 also1 9 comp>+ ! c\ncil#ccf ( ! *ur* ( ,god ) ! c\ncil 9 any city1 y w\ld f9d t c]ta9 c\ncillors#ccg ( ! *ur* are wor?y to rule 9 ! city ( ,god1 if !re be any su* city 9 ! :ole _w2#cch :]eas ! c\ncillors 9 all o!r places exhibit 9 _! *>act]s no quality wor?y ( ! conv5tional#cci sup]iority :i* !y appe> to enjoy ov] _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,& s1 too1 y mu/ comp>e ! rul] ( ! *ur* 9 ea* city ) ! rul] ( ! p ( ! city1 9 ord] to obs]ve t ev5 among/ ^? c\ncillors & rul]s ( ! *ur* ( ,god :o come v f> %ort ( _! duty1 & :o lead m indol5t lives ?an o!rs :o are m en]getic1 x is nev]!less possible to discov] a g5]al sup]iority 9 :at relates to ! progress ( virtue ov] ! *>act]s ( ! c\ncillors & rul]s 9 ! v>i\s cities4#cdj ,footnote #ccc3 4 ,footnote #ccd3 4 ,footnote #cce3 4 ,footnote #ccf3 4 ,footnote #ccg3 4 ,footnote #cch3 1 1 4 ,boh]ellus conjectures 1 444 ,footnote #cci3 4 ,footnote #cdj3 1 1 1 1 4 ,boh]ellus conjectures 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,n[ if ^! ?+s be s1 :y %\ld x n be consi/5t ) reason to hold ) reg>d to ,jesus1 :o 0 able to effect results s great1 t !re dwelt 9 ,him no ord9>y div9ity8 :ile ?is 0 n ! case ei!r ) ! ,proconnesian ,ari/eas 7al?\gh ,apollo w\ld h him reg>d$ z a god71 or ) ! o!r individuals enum]at$ by ,celsus :5 he says1 8,no "o reg>ds ,ab>is ! ,hyp]borean z a god1 :o 0 possess$ ( su* p[] z to be borne along l an arr[ f a b[40#cda ,= ) :at object did ! deity :o be/[$ ^u ?is ,hyp]borean ,ab>is ! p[] ( be+ c>ri$ along l an arr[1 conf] ^u him su* a gift8 ,0 x t ! human race might be b5efit$ !reby1#cdb or did he himself obta9 any advantage f ! possession ( su* a p[]8--always suppos+ x to be conc$$ t ^! /atem5ts are n :olly inv5tions1 b t ! ?+ actually happ5$ ?r\gh ! co-op]ation ( "s demon4 ,b if x be record$ t my ,jesus 0 receiv$ up into glory1#cdc ,i p]ceive ! div9e arrangem5t#cdd 9 su* an act1 viz4 because ,god1 :o br\ght ?is to pass1 comm5ds 9 ?is way ! ,tea*] to ^? :o witness$ x1 9 ord] t z m5 :o are cont5d+ n = human doctr9e1 b = div9e tea*+1 !y may devote !mselves z f> z possible to ! ,god :o is ov] all1 & may d all ?+s 9 ord] to please ,him1 z ^? :o are to receive 9 ! div9e judgm5t ! rew>d ( ! good or evil :i* !y h wr\ght 9 ?is life4 ,footnote #cda3 4 ,sp5c] & ,boh]eau w\ld delete z a gloss4 ,footnote #cdb3 ,guietus w\ld ins]t be=e 4 ,?is em5dation is adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,footnote #cdc3 ,cf4 #a ,tim4 iii4 #af4 ,footnote #cdd3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,b z ,celsus next m5tions ! case ( ! ,clazom5ian1 subjo9+ to ! /ory ab\t him ?is rem>k1 8,d !y n report t 8 s\l frequ5tly quitt$ 8 body1 & flitt$ ab\t 9 an incorporeal =m8 & yet m5 did n reg>d him z a god10 we h to answ] t probably c]ta9 wick$ demons contriv$ t su* /atem5ts %\ld be committ$ to writ+ 7= ,i d n believe t !y contriv$ t su* a ?+ %\ld actually take place71 9 ord] t ! pr$ictions reg>d+ ,jesus1 & ! disc\rses utt]$ by ,him1 might ei!r be evil spok5 (1 z inv5tions l ^!1 or might excite no surprise1 z n be+ m rem>kable ?an o!r occurr5ces4 ,b my ,jesus said reg>d+ ,8 own s\l 7:i* 0 sep>at$ f ! body1 n by virtue ( any human necessity1 b by ! miracul\s p[] :i* 0 giv5 ,him also = ?is purpose73 8,no "o take? my life f me1 b ,i lay x d[n ( myself4 ,i h p[] to lay x d[n1 & ,i h p[] to take x aga940#cde ,= z ,he _h p[] to lay x d[n1 ,he laid x d[n :5 ,he said1 8,fa!r1 :y ha/ ,?\ =sak5 me8 ,& :5 ,he _h cri$ ) a l\d voice1 ,he gave up ! gho/10#cdf anticipat+ ! public execution]s ( ! crucifi$1 :o break ! legs ( ! victims1 & :o d s 9 ord] t _! puni%m5t may n be fur!r prolong$4 ,& ,he 8took ,8 life10 :5 ,he manife/$ ,himself to ,8 disciples1 hav+ 9 _! pres5ce =etold to ! unbeliev+ ,jews1 8,de/roy ?is temple1 & 9 ?ree days ,i w raise x up aga910#cdg & 8,he spake ?is ( ! temple ( ,8 body20 ! prophets1 moreov]1 hav+ pr$ict$ su* a result 9 _m o!r passages ( _! writ+s1 & 9 ?is1 8,my fle% also %all re/ 9 hope3 = ,?\ wilt n leave my s\l 9 hell1 nei!r wilt ,?\ suff] ?9e holy ,"o to see corruption40#cdh ,footnote #cde3 ,cf4 ,john x4 #ah4 ,footnote #cdf3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #df-ej4 ,footnote #cdg3 ,cf4 ,john ii4 #ai4 ,footnote #cdh3 ,ps4 xvi4 #i1 #aj4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 %[s t he has read a good _m ,grecian hi/ories1 :5 he quotes fur!r :at is told ( ,cleom$es ( ,a/ypalea1 8:o10 he relates1 8ent]$ into an ark1 & al?\gh %ut up )9 x1 0 n f\nd !re91 b ?r\gh "s arrangem5t ( ! div9ity1 flew out1 :5 c]ta9 p]sons _h cut op5 ! ark 9 ord] to appreh5d him40 ,n[ ?is /ory1 if an inv5tion1 z x appe>s to be1 _c be comp>$ ) :at is relat$ ( ,jesus1 s9ce 9 ! lives ( su* m5 !re is f\nd no indication ( _! possess+ ! div9ity :i* is ascrib$ to !m2 :]eas ! div9ity ( ,jesus is e/abli%$ bo? by ! exi/5ce ( ! *ur*es ( ! sav$1#cdi & by ! prophecies utt]$ conc]n+ ,him1 & by ! cures wr\ght 9 ,8 "n1 & by ! wisdom & k :i* are 9 ,him1 & ! deep] tru?s :i* are discov]$ by ^? :o "k h[ to asc5d f a simple fai?1 & to inve/igate ! mean+ :i* lies 9 ! div9e ,scriptures1 agreeably to ! injunctions ( ,jesus1 :o said1 8,se>* ! ,scriptures10#cej & to ! wi% ( ,paul1 :o taught t 8we ought to "k h[ to answ] e man20#cea nay1 also ( him :o said1 8,be ready always to give an answ] to e man t aske? ( y a reason ( ! fai?#ceb t is 9 y40#cec ,if he wi%es to h x conc$$1 h[ev]1 t x is n a fiction1 let him %[ ) :at object ?is sup]natural p[] made him1 ?r\gh "s arrangem5t ( ! div9ity1 flee f ! ark4 ,= if he w adduce any reason wor?y ( consid]ation1 & po9t out any purpose wor?y ( ,god 9 conf]r+ su* a p[] on ,cleom$es1 we w decide on ! answ] :i* we ought to give2 b if he fail to say any?+ conv9c+ on ! po9t1 cle>ly because no reason c be discov]$1 !n we %all ei!r speak slight+ly ( ! /ory to ^? :o h n accept$ x1 & *>ge x ) be+ false1 or we %all say t "s demoniac p[]1 ca/+ a glam\r ov] ! eyes1 produc$1 9 ! case ( ! ,a/ypalean1 a result l t :i* is produc$ by ! p]=m]s ( juggl+ tricks1#ced :ile ,celsus ?9ks t ) respect to him he has spok5 l an oracle1 :5 he said t 8by "s div9e arrangem5t he flew away f ! ark40 ,footnote #cdi3 4 ,footnote #cej3 ,john v4 #ci4 ,footnote #cea3 ,cf4 ,col4 iv4 #f4 ,footnote #ceb3 4 ,footnote #cec3 #a ,pet4 iii4 #ae4 ,footnote #ced3 1 4 ,sp5c] 9 8 edition includes 9 brackets1 & r5d]s1 8,aut eos incusabimus1 qui i/am virtutem admis]9t40 ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 ( op9ion t ^! individuals are ! only in/ances ) :i* ,celsus 0 acqua9t$4 ,& yet1 t he might appe> volunt>ily to pass by o!r simil> cases1 he says1 8,& "o might "n _m o!rs ( ! same k9d40 ,let x be grant$1 !n1 t _m su* p]sons h exi/$ :o conf]r$ no b5efit ^u ! human race3 :at w\ld ea* "o ( _! acts be f\nd to am\nt to 9 comp>ison ) ! "w ( ,jesus1 & ! miracles relat$ ( ,him1 ( :i* we h already spok5 at consid]able l5g?8 ,he next imag9es t1 89 wor%ipp+ him :o10 z he says1 80 tak5 prison] & put to dea?1 we are act+ l ! ,get :o wor%ip ,zamolxis1 & ! ,cilicians :o wor%ip ,mopsus1 & ! ,ac>nanians :o pay div9e hon\rs to ,amphilo*us1 & l ! ,!bans :o d ! same to ,amphi>aus1 & ! ,lebadians to ,trophonius40 ,n[ 9 ^! in/ances we %all prove t he has comp>$ u to ! =ego+ )\t good gr\nds4 ,= ^! diff]5t tribes erect$ temples & /atues to ^? individuals above enum]at$1 :]eas we h refra9$ f (f]+ to ! div9ity hon\r by any su* means 7see+ !y are adapt$ r to demons1 :i* are someh[ fix$ 9 a c]ta9 place :i* !y pref] to any o!r1 or :i* take up _! dwell+1 z x 71 aft] be+ remov$ f "o place to ano!r by c]ta9 rites & incantations71 & are lo/ 9 rev]5tial wond] at ,jesus1 :o has recall$ our m9ds f all s5sible ?+s1 z be+ n only corruptible1 b de/9$ to corruption1 & elevat$ !m to hon\r ! ,god :o is ov] all ) pray]s & a righte\s life1 :i* we (f] to ,him z be+ int]m$iate betwe5 ! nature ( ! uncreat$ & t ( all creat$ ?+s1#cee & :o be/[s ^u u ! b5efits :i* come f ! ,fa!r1 & :o z ,high ,prie/ conveys our pray]s to ! supreme ,god4 ,footnote #cee3 1 4 8,hoes*el 7itemque ,sp5c]us ad m>g47 suspicabatur leg5dum3 4 ,male4 ,nihil mut>i necesse e/4 ,agitur quippe de precibus1 quas (f]imus ,deo #8p] eum1 qui veluti m$ius e/ int] increatam naturam et creatam4'0--,,ru,,u4 ,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,b ,i %\ld l1 9 answ] to him :o = "s unkn[n reason advances su* /atem5ts z ! above1 to make 9 a conv]sational way#cef "s su* rem>ks z ! foll[+1 :i* seem n inappropriate to him4 ,are !n ^? p]sons :om y h m5tion$ non5tities1 & is !re no p[] 9 ,lebadea connect$ ) ,trophonius1 nor 9 ,!bes ) ! temple ( ,amphi>aus1 nor 9 ,ac>nania ) ,amphilo*us1 nor 9 ,cilicia ) ,mopsus8 ,or is !re 9 su* p]sons "s be+1 ei!r a demon1 or a h]o1 or ev5 a god1 work+ works :i* are beyond ! rea* ( man8 ,= if he answ] t !re is no?+ ei!r demoniacal or div9e ab\t ^! individuals m ?an o!rs1 !n let him at once make kn[n 8 own op9ion1 z be+ t ( an ,epicurean1 & ( "o :o does n hold ! same views ) ! ,greeks1 & :o nei!r recognises demons nor wor%ips gods z d ! ,greeks2 & let x be %[n t x 0 to no purpose t he adduc$ ! in/ances previ\sly enum]at$ 7z if he believ$ !m to be true71 toge!r ) ^? :i* he adds 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,b if he w ass]t t ! p]sons spok5 ( are ei!r demons1 or h]oes1 or ev5 gods1 let him notice t he w e/abli% by :at he has admitt$ a result :i* he does n desire1 viz4 t ,jesus also 0 "s su* be+2 = :i* reason1 too1 he 0 able to demon/rate to n a few t ,he _h come d[n f ,god to visit ! human race4 ,& if he once admit ?is1 see :e!r he w n be =c$ to confess t ,he is mighti] ?an ^? individuals ) :om he class$ ,him1 see+ none ( ! latt] =bids ! (f]+ ( hon\r to ! o!rs2 :ile ,he1 hav+ confid5ce 9 ,himself1 because ,he is m p[]ful ?an all ^? o!rs1 =bids !m to be receiv$ z div9e#ceg because !y are wick$ demons1 :o h tak5 possession ( places on e>?1 ?r\gh inability to rise to ! pur] & div9] region1 :i!r ! grossnesses ( e>? & its c\ntless evils _c rea*4 ,footnote #cef3 4 ,footnote #ceg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,b z he next introduces ! case ( ! fav\rite ( ,adrian 7,i ref] to ! acc\nts reg>d+ ! y\? ,ant9\s1 & ! hon\rs paid him by ! inhabitants ( ! city ( ,ant9\s 9 ,egypt71 & imag9es t ! hon\r paid to him falls little %ort ( t :i* we r5d] to ,jesus1 let u %[ 9 :at a _s ( ho/ility ?is /atem5t is made4 ,= :at is !re 9 common betwe5 a life liv$ among ! fav\rites ( ,adrian1 by "o :o did n ab/a9 ev5 f unnatural lu/s1 & t ( ! v5]able ,jesus1 aga9/ :om ev5 !y :o br\ght c\ntless o!r *>ges1 & :o told s _m falsehoods1 7 n able to allege t ,he manife/$1 ev5 9 ! slighte/ degree1 any t5d5cy to :at 0 lic5ti\s8#ceh ,nay1 fur!r1 if "o 7 to inve/igate1 9 a _s ( tru? & imp>tiality1 ! /ories relat+ to ,ant9\s1 he w\ld f9d t x 0 due to ! magical arts & rites ( ! ,egyptians t !re 0 ev5 ! appe>ance ( 8 p]=m+ any?+ m>vell\s 9 ! city :i* be>s 8 "n1 & t too only aft] 8 decease1--an effect :i* is said to h be5 produc$ 9 o!r temples by ! ,egyptians1 & ^? :o are skill$ 9 ! arts :i* !y practise4 ,= !y set up 9 c]ta9 places demons claim+ prophetic or heal+ p[]1 & :i* frequ5tly torture ^? :o seem to h committ$ any mi/ake ab\t ord9>y k9ds ( food1 or ab\t t\*+ ! dead body ( a man1 t !y may h ! appe>ance ( al>m+ ! un$ucat$ multitude4 ,( ?is nature is ! be+ t is consid]$ to be a god 9 ,ant9oopolis 9 ,egypt1 ^: reput$ virtues are ! ly+ inv5tions ( "s :o live by ! ga9 d]iv$ !refrom2#cei :ile o!rs1 deceiv$ by ! demon plac$ !re1 & o!rs aga9 convict$ by a weak consci5ce1 actually ?9k t !y are pay+ a div9e p5alty inflict$ by ,ant9\s4 ,( su* a nature also are ! my/]ies :i* !y p]=m1 & ! seem+ pr$ictions :i* !y utt]4 ,f> diff]5t f su* are ^? ( ,jesus4 ,= x 0 no company ( sorc]]s1 pay+ c\rt to a k+ or rul] at 8 bidd+1 :o seem$ to h made him a god2 b ! ,ar*itect ( ! univ]se ,himself1 9 keep+ ) ! m>vell\sly p]suasive p[] ( ,8 words1#cfj comm5d$ ,him z wor?y ( hon\r1 n only to ^? m5 :o 7 well dispos$1 b to demons also1 & o!r unse5 p[]s1 :i* ev5 at ! pres5t "t %[ t !y ei!r fe> ! "n ( ,jesus z t ( a be+ ( sup]ior p[]1 or rev]5tially accept ,him z _! legal rul]4#cfa ,= if ! comm5dation _h n be5 giv5 ,him by ,god1 ! demons w\ld n h )drawn f ^? :om !y _h assail$1 9 ob$i5ce to ! m]e m5tion ( ,8 "n4 ,footnote #ceh3 ' 2 ,footnote #cei3 4 ,footnote #cfj3 4 ,footnote #cfa3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,! ,egyptians1 !n1 hav+ be5 taught to wor%ip ,ant9\s1 w1 if y comp>e him ) ,apollo or ,zeus1 endure su* a comp>ison1 ,ant9\s be+ magnifi$ 9 _! e/imation ?r\gh be+ class$ ) ^! deities2 = ,celsus is cle>ly convict$ ( falsehood :5 he says1 8t !y w n endure 8 be+ comp>$ ) ,apollo or ,zeus40 ,:]eas ,*ri/ians 7:o h le>n$ t _! et]nal life consi/s 9 kn[+ ! only true ,god1 :o is ov] all1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ,he has s5t2 & :o h le>n$ also t all ! gods ( ! hea!n are gre$y demons1 :i* flit ar\nd sacrifices & blood1 & o!r sacrificial accompanim5ts1#cfb 9 ord] to deceive ^? :o h n tak5 refuge ) ! ,god :o is ov] all1 b t ! div9e & holy angels ( ,god are ( a diff]5t nature & w#cfc f all ! demons on e>?1 & t !y are kn[n to ^? exce$+ly few p]sons :o h c>efully & intellig5tly inve/igat$ ^! matt]s7 w n endure a comp>ison to be made betwe5 !m & ,apollo or ,zeus1 or any be+ wor%ipp$ ) od\rs & blood & sacrifices2 "s ( !m1 s act+ f _! extreme simplicity1 n be+ able to give a reason = _! conduct1 b s9c]ely obs]v+ ! precepts :i* !y h receiv$2 o!rs1 aga91 = reasons n to be lightly reg>d$1 nay1 ev5 ( a pr(\nd description1 & 7z a ,greek w\ld say7 drawn f ! inn] nature ( ?+s2#cfd & among/ ! latt] ( ^! ,god is a frequ5t subject ( conv]sation1 & ^? :o are hon\r$ by ,god1 ?r\gh ,8 only-begott5 ,^w1 ) p>ticipation 9 ,8 div9ity1 & !re=e also 9 ,8 "n4 ,!y speak mu*1 too1 bo? reg>d+ ! angels ( ,god & ^? :o are oppos$ to ! tru?1 b h be5 deceiv$2 & :o1 9 consequ5ce ( be+ deceiv$1 call !m gods or angels ( ,god1 or good demons1 or h]oes :o h become su* by ! transf]5ce into !m ( a good human s\l4#cfe ,& su* ,*ri/ians w also %[1 t z 9 philosophy !re are _m :o appe> to be 9 possession ( ! tru?1 :o h yet ei!r deceiv$ !mselves by plausible argum5ts1 or by ra%ly ass5t+ to :at 0 br\ght =w>d & discov]$ by o!rs2 s also1 among ^? s\ls :i* exi/ ap>t f bodies1 bo? angels & demons1 !re are "s :i* h be5 induc$ by plausible reasons to decl>e !mselves gods4 ,& because x 0 impossible t ! reasons ( su* ?+s c\ld be discov]$ by m5 ) p]fect exactness1 x 0 deem$ safe t no mortal %\ld entru/ himself to any be+ z to ,god1 ) ! exception ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is1 z x 71 ! ,rul] ov] all ?+s1 & :o bo? beheld ^! weighty secrets1 & made !m kn[n to a few4 ,footnote #cfb3 4 ,footnote #cfc3 4 ,footnote #cfd3 4 ,footnote #cfe3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,! belief1 !n1 9 ,ant9\s1 or any o!r su* p]son1 :e!r among ! ,egyptians or ! ,greeks1 is1 s to speak1 un=tunate2 :ile ! belief 9 ,jesus w\ld seem to be ei!r a =tunate "o1 or ! result ( ?or\gh inve/igation1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( ! =m] to ! multitude1 & ( ! latt] to exce$+ly few4#cff ,& :5 ,i speak ( a c]ta9 belief be+1 z ! multitude w\ld call x1 un=tunate1 ,i 9 su* a case ref] ! cause to ,god1 :o kn[s ! reasons ( ! v>i\s fates allott$ to ea* "o :o ent]s human life4 ,! ,greeks1 moreov]1 w admit t ev5 among/ ^? :o are consid]$ to be mo/ l>gely end[$ ) wisdom1 good =tune has _h mu* to d1 z 9 ! *oice ( tea*]s ( "o k9d r ?an ano!r1 & 9 meet+ ) a bett] class ( in/ructors 7!re be+ tea*]s :o taught ! mo/ opposite doctr9es71 & 9 be+ br\ght up 9 bett] circum/ances2 = ! br++ up ( _m has be5 amid surr\nd+s ( su* a k9d1 t !y 7 prev5t$ f ev] receiv+ any idea ( bett] ?+s1 b con/antly pass$ _! life1 f _! e>lie/ y\?1 ei!r z ! fav\rites ( lic5ti\s m5 or ( tyrants1 or 9 "s o!r wret*$ condition :i* =bade ! s\l to look upw>ds4 ,& ! causes ( ^! v>i$ =tunes1 accord+ to all probability1 are to be f\nd 9 ! reasons ( provid5ce1 ?\gh x is n easy = m5 to asc]ta9 ^!2 b ,i h said :at ,i h done by way ( digression f ! ma9 body ( my subject1 on acc\nt ( ! prov]b1 t 8su* is ! p[] ( fai?1 because x seizes t :i* fir/ pres5ts itself40#cfg ,= x 0 necess>y1 ow+ to ! diff]5t me?ods ( education1 to speak ( ! diff]5ces ( belief among m51 "s ( :om are m1 o!rs less =tunate 9 _! belief2 & f ?is to proce$ to %[ t :at is t]m$ good or bad =tune w\ld appe> to contribute1 ev5 9 ! case ( ! mo/ tal5t$1 to _! appe>+ to be m fully end[$ ) reason1 & to give _! ass5t on gr\nds ( reason to ! majority ( human op9ions4 ,b en\gh on ^! po9ts4 ,footnote #cff3 1 1 1 4 ,footnote #cfg3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,we mu/ notice ! rem>ks :i* ,celsus next makes1 :5 he says to u1 t 8fai?1 hav+ tak5 possession ( our m9ds1 makes u yield ! ass5t :i* we give to ! doctr9e ( ,jesus20 = ( a tru? x is fai? :i* does produce su* an ass5t4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 :e!r t fai? does n ( itself exhibit :at is wor?y ( praise1 see+ we entru/ ourselves to ! ,god :o is ov] all1 ackn[l$g+ our gratitude to ,him :o has l$ u to su* a fai?1 & decl>+ t ,he c\ld n h attempt$ or accompli%$ su* a result )\t ! div9e assi/ance4 ,& we h confid5ce also 9 ! int5tions ( ! writ]s ( ! ,gospels1 obs]v+ _! piety & consci5ti\sness1 manife/$ 9 _! writ+s1 :i* conta9 no?+ t is spuri\s1 or deceptive1#cfh or false1 or cunn+2 = x is evid5t to u t s\ls unacqua9t$ ) ^? artifices :i* are taught by ! cunn+ sophi/ry ( ! ,greeks 7:i* is *>act]iz$ by great plausibility & acut5ess71 & by ! k9d ( rhetoric 9 vogue 9 ! c\rts ( ju/ice1 w\ld n h be5 able ?us to inv5t occurr5ces :i* are fitt$ ( !mselves to conduct to fai?1 & to a life 9 keep+ ) fai?4 ,& ,i am ( op9ion t x 0 on ?is acc\nt t ,jesus wi%$ to employ su* p]sons z tea*]s ( ,8 doctr9es1 viz4 t !re might be no gr\nd = any suspicion ( plausible sophi/ry1 b t x might cle>ly appe> to all :o 7 capable ( und]/&+1 t ! guileless purpose ( ! writ]s be+1 s to speak1 m>k$ ) great simplicity1 0 deem$ wor?y ( be+ accompani$ by a div9] p[]1 :i* accompli%$ f> m ?an x seem$ possible c\ld be accompli%$ by a p]iphrasis ( words1 & a weav+ ( s5t5ces1 accompani$ by all ! di/9ctions ( ,grecian art4 ,footnote #cfh3 4 ,*apt] ,,xl4 ,b obs]ve :e!r ! pr9ciples ( our fai?1 h>moniz+ ) ! g5]al ideas implant$ 9 our m9ds at bir?1 d n produce a *ange ^u ^? :o li/5 c&idly to its /atem5ts2 = al?\gh a p]v]t$ view ( ?+s1 ) ! aid ( mu* in/ruction to ! same effect1 has be5 able to implant 9 ! m9ds ( ! multitude ! belief t images are gods1 & t ?+s made ( gold1 & silv]1 & ivory1 & /one are des]v+ ( wor%ip1 yet common s5se#cfi =bids ! supposition t ,god is at all a piece ( corruptible matt]1 or is hon\r$ :5 made to assume by m5 a =m embodi$ 9 dead matt]1 fa%ion$ accord+ to "s image or symbol ( ,8 appe>ance4 ,& !re=e we say at once ( images t !y are n gods1 & ( su* creations 7( art7 t !y are n to be comp>$ ) ! ,creator1 b are small 9 contra/ ) ! ,god :o is ov] all1 & :o creat$1 & upholds1 & gov]ns ! univ]se4 ,& ! rational s\l recognis+1 z x 71 its relation%ip to ! div9e1 at once rejects :at x = a "t suppos$ to be gods1 & resumes its natural love#cgj = its ,creator2 & because ( its affection t[>ds ,him1 receives ,him also :o fir/ pres5t$ ^! tru?s to all nations ?r\gh ! disciples :om ,he _h appo9t$1 & :om ,he s5t =?1 furni%$ ) div9e p[] & au?ority1 to proclaim ! doctr9e reg>d+ ,god & ,8 k+dom4 ,footnote #cfi3 4 ,footnote #cgj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xli4 ,b s9ce he has *>g$ u1 ,i "k n h[ (t5 already1 8) reg>d+ ?is ,jesus1 :o 0 b a mortal body1 z a ,god1 & ) suppos+ t we act pi\sly 9 s do+10 x is sup]flu\s to say any m 9 answ] to ?is1 z a great deal has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,& yet let ^? :o make ?is *>ge und]/& t ,he :om we reg>d & believe to h be5 f ! beg9n+ ,god1 & ! ,son ( ,god1 is ! v ,logos1 & ! v ,wisdom1 & ! v ,tru?2 & ) respect to ,8 mortal body1 & ! human s\l :i* x conta9$1 we ass]t t n by _! communion m]ely ) ,him1 b by _! unity & int]mixture1#cga !y receiv$ ! highe/ p[]s1 & aft] p>ticipat+ 9 ,8 div9ity1 7 *ang$ into ,god4 ,& if any "o %\ld feel a difficulty at our say+ ?is reg>d+ ,8 body1 let him att5d to :at is said by ! ,greeks reg>d+ matt]1 :i*1 prop]ly speak+1 be+ )\t qualities1 receives su* z ! ,creator desires to inve/ x )1 & :i* frequ5tly dive/s itself ( ^? :i* x =m]ly possess$1 & assumes o!rs ( a diff]5t & high] k9d4 ,& if ^! op9ions be correct1 :at is !re wond]ful 9 ?is1 t ! mortal quality ( ! body ( ,jesus1 if ! provid5ce ( ,god has s will$ x1 %\ld h be5 *ang$ into "o t 0 e!real & div9e8 ,footnote #cga3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,celsus1 !n1 does n speak z a good reason]1#cgb :5 he comp>es ! mortal fle% ( ,jesus to gold1 & silv]1 & /one1 ass]t+ t ! =m] is m liable to corruption ?an ! latt]4 ,=1 to speak correctly1 t :i* is incorruptible is n m free f corruption ?an ano!r ?+ :i* is incorruptible1 nor t :i* is corruptible m liable to corruption ?an ano!r corruptible ?+4 ,b1 admitt+ t !re are degrees ( corruptibility1 we c say 9 answ]1 t if x is possible = ! matt] :i* und]lies all qualities to ex*ange "s ( !m1 h[ %\ld x be impossible = ! fle% ( ,jesus also to ex*ange qualities1 & to become su* z x 0 prop] = a body to be :i* _h its abode 9 ! e!r & ! regions above x1 & possess+ no long] ! infirmities belong+ to ! fle%1 & ^? prop]ties :i* ,celsus t]ms 8impurities10 & 9 s t]m+ !m1 speaks unlike a philosoph]8 ,= t :i* is prop]ly impure1 is s because ( its wick$ness4 ,n[ ! nature ( body is n impure2 = 9 s f> z x is bodily nature1 x does n possess vice1 :i* is ! g5]ative pr9ciple ( impurity4 ,b1 z he _h a suspicion ( ! answ] :i* we w\ld return1 he says ) respect to ! *ange ( ! body ( ,jesus1 8,well1 aft] he has laid aside ^! qualities1 he w be a ,god30 & if s1 :y n r sculapius1 & ,dionysus1 & ,h]cules8 ,to :i* we reply1 8,:at great de$ has sculapius1 or ,dionysus1 or ,h]cules wr\ght80 ,& :at individuals w !y be able to po9t out z hav+ be5 improv$ 9 "*1 & made bett] by _! words & lives1 s t !y may make good _! claim to be gods8 ,= let u p]use ! _m n>ratives reg>d+ !m1 & see :e!r !y 7 free f lic5ti\sness1 or inju/ice1 or folly1 or c[>dice4 ,& if no?+ ( t k9d be f\nd 9 !m1 ! argum5t ( ,celsus might h =ce1 :i* places ! =5am$ individuals ^u an equality ) ,jesus4 ,b if x is c]ta9 t1 al?\gh "s ?+s are report$ ( !m z reputable1 !y are record$1 nev]!less1 to h done innum]able ?+s :i* are contr>y to "r reason1 h[ c\ld y any long] say1 ) any %[ ( reason1 t ^! m51 on putt+ aside _! mortal body1 became gods r ?an ,jesus8 ,footnote #cgb3 4 ,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,he next says ( u1 t 8we ridicule ^? :o wor%ip ,jupit]1 because 8 tomb is po9t$ out 9 ! isl& ( ,crete2 & yet we wor%ip him :o rose f ! tomb1#cgc al?\gh ignorant ( ! gr\nds#cgd on :i* ! ,cretans obs]ve su* a cu/om40 ,obs]ve n[ t he ?us und]takes ! def5ce ( ! ,cretans1 & ( ,jupit]1 & ( 8 tomb1 allud+ obscurely to ! allegorical notions1 9 con=mity ) :i* ! my? reg>d+ ,jupit] is said to h be5 inv5t$2 :ile he assails u :o ackn[l$ge t our ,jesus has be5 buri$1 inde$1 b :o ma9ta9 t ,he has also be5 rais$ f ! tomb1--a /atem5t :i* ! ,cretans h n yet made reg>d+ ,jupit]4 ,b s9ce he appe>s to admit t ! tomb ( ,jupit] is 9 ,crete1 :5 he says t 8we are ignorant ( ! gr\nds on :i* ! ,cretans obs]ve su* a cu/om10 we reply t ,callima*us ! ,cyr5ian1 :o _h read innum]able poetic compositions1 & ne>ly ! :ole ( ,greek hi/ory1 0 n acqua9t$ ) any allegorical mean+ :i* 0 conta9$ 9 ! /ories ab\t ,jupit] & 8 tomb2 & accord+ly he accuses ! ,cretans 9 8 hymn address$ to ,jupit]1 9 ! words3#cge 8,! ,cretans are always li>s3 = ?y tomb1 ,o k+1 ,! ,cretans h re>$2 & yet ?\ did/ n die1 ,= ?\ ev] live/40 ,n[ he :o said1 8,?\ did/ n die1 = ?\ ev] live/10 9 d5y+ t ,jupit]'s tomb 0 9 ,crete1 records nev]!less t 9 ,jupit] !re 0 ! beg9n+ ( dea?4#cgf ,b bir? ^u e>? is ! beg9n+ ( dea?4 ,& 8 words run3 8,& ,rhea bore !e among ! ,p>rhasians20-- :]eas he ought to h se51 aft] d5y+ t ! bir? ( ,jupit] took place 9 ,crete because ( 8 tomb1 t x 0 q congru\s ) 8 bir? 9 ,arcadia t he :o 0 born %\ld also die4 ,& ! foll[+ is ! mann] 9 :i* ,callima*us speaks ( ^! ?+s3 8,o ,jupit]1 "s say t ?\ w]t born on ! m\nta9s ( ,ida1 o!rs 9 ,arcadia4 ,:i* ( !m1 ,o fa!r1 h li$8 ,! ,cretans are always li>s10 etc4 ,n[ x is ,celsus :o made u discuss ^! topics1 by ! unfair mann] 9 :i* he deals ) ,jesus1 9 giv+ 8 ass5t to :at is relat$ ab\t ,8 dea? & burial1 b reg>d+ z an inv5tion ,8 resurrection f ! dead1 al?\gh ?is 0 n only =etold by innum]able prophets1 b _m pro(s also 7 giv5 ( ,8 hav+ appe>$ aft] dea?4 ,footnote #cgc3 4 ,footnote #cgd3 4 ,footnote #cge3 ,cf4 ,callima*4 ,hymn i4 ,cf4 also ,tit4 i4 #ab4 ,footnote #cgf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,aft] ^! po9ts ,celsus quotes "s objections aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ,jesus1 made by a v few individuals :o are consid]$ ,*ri/ians1 n ( ! m intellig5t1 z he supposes1 b ( ! m ignorant class1 & ass]ts t 8! foll[+ are ! rules laid d[n by !m4 ,let no "o come to u :o has be5 in/ruct$1 or :o is wise or prud5t 7= su* qualifications are deem$ evil by u72 b if !re be any ignorant1 or un9tellig5t1 or un9/ruct$1 or fooli% p]sons1 let !m come ) confid5ce4 ,by :i* words1 ackn[l$g+ t su* individuals are wor?y ( _! ,god1 !y manife/ly %[ t !y desire & are able to ga9 ov] only ! silly1 & ! mean1 & ! /upid1 ) wom5 & *ildr540 ,9 reply to :i*1 we say t1 z if1 :ile ,jesus tea*es cont95ce1 & says1 8,:osoev] looke? ^u a woman to lu/ aft] h]1 ha? already committ$ adult]y ) h] 9 8 he>t10 "o 7 to behold a few ( ^? :o are deem$ to be ,*ri/ians liv+ lic5ti\sly1 he w\ld mo/ ju/ly blame !m = liv+ contr>y to ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 b w\ld act mo/ unreasonably if he 7 to *>ge ! gospel ) _! c5surable conduct2 s1 if he f\nd nev]!less t ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ri/ians invites m5 to wisdom1 ! blame !n mu/ rema9 ) ^? :o re/ 9 _! own ignorance1 & :o utt]1 n :at ,celsus relates 7= al?\gh "s ( !m are simple & ignorant1 !y d n speak s %amelessly z he alleges71 b o!r ?+s ( mu* less s]i\s import1 :i*1 h[ev]1 s]ve to turn aside m5 f ! practice ( wisdom4 ,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,b t ! object ( ,*ri/ianity#cgg is t we %\ld become wise1 c be prov$ n only f ! anci5t ,jewi% writ+s1 :i* we also use1 b especially f ^? :i* 7 compos$ aft] ! "t ( ,jesus1 & :i* are believ$ among ! *ur*es to be div9e4 ,n[1 9 ! fiftie? ,psalm1 ,david is describ$ z say+ 9 8 pray] to ,god ^! words3 8,! unse5 & secret ?+s ( ,?y wisdom ,?\ ha/ manife/$ to me40#cgh ,solomon1 too1 because he ask$ = wisdom1 receiv$ x2 & if any "o 7 to p]use ! ,psalms1 he w\ld f9d ! book fill$ ) _m maxims ( wisdom2 & ! evid5ces ( 8 wisdom may be se5 9 8 treatises1 :i* conta9 a great am\nt ( wisdom express$ 9 few words1 & 9 :i* y w f9d _m laudations ( wisdom1 & enc\ragem5ts t[>ds obta9+ x4 ,s wise1 moreov]1 0 ,solomon1 t 8! que5 ( ,%eba1 hav+ he>d 8 "n1 & ! "n ( ! ,"l1 came to try him ) difficult que/ions1 & spake to him all ?+s1 :atsoev] 7 9 h] he>t2 & ,solomon answ]$ h] all h] que/ions4 ,!re 0 no "q omitt$ by ! k+ :i* he did n answ] h]4 ,& ! que5 ( ,%eba saw all ! wisdom ( ,solomon1 & ! possessions :i* he _h1#cgi & !re 0 no m _s 9 h]4#chj ,& %e said to ! k+1 ,! report is true :i* ,i he>d 9 m9e own l& reg>d+ !e & ?y wisdom2 & ,i believ$ n !m :o told me1 until ,i _h come1 & m9e eyes h se5 x4 ,&1 lo1 !y did n tell me ! half4 ,?\ ha/ add$ wisdom & possessions above all ! report :i* ,i he>d40#cha ,x is record$ also ( him1 t 8,god gave ,solomon wisdom & und]/&+ exce$+ mu*1 & l>g5ess ( he>t1 ev5 z ! s& t is on ! sea-%ore4 ,& ! wisdom t 0 9 ,solomon greatly excell$ ! wisdom ( all ! anci5ts1 & ( all ! wise m5 ( ,egypt2 & he 0 wis] ?an all m51 ev5 ?an ,ge?an ! ,ezrahite1 & ,emad1 & ,*alcadi1 & ,aradab1 ! sons ( ,madi4 ,& he 0 fam\s among all ! nations r\nd ab\t4 ,& ,solomon spake ?ree ?\s& prov]bs1 & 8 songs 7 five ?\s&4 ,& he spake ( trees1 f ! c$> t is 9 ,lebanon ev5 to ! hyssop :i* spr+e? out ( ! wall2 & also ( fi%es & ( bea/s4 ,& all nations came to he> ! wisdom ( ,solomon1 & f all ! k+s ( ! e>? :o _h he>d ( ! fame ( 8 wisdom40#chb ,& to su* a degree does ! gospel desire t !re %\ld be wise m5 among believ]s1 t = ! sake ( ex]cis+ ! und]/&+ ( its he>]s1 x has spok5 c]ta9 tru?s 9 enigmas1 o!rs 9 :at are call$ 8d>k0 say+s1 o!rs 9 p>ables1 & o!rs 9 problems4#chc ,& "o ( ! prophets--,hosea--says at ! end ( 8 prophecies3 8,:o is wise1 & he w und]/& ^! ?+s8 or prud5t1 & he %all "k !m80#chd ,daniel1 moreov]1 & 8 fell[-captives1 made su* progress 9 ! le>n+ :i* ! wise m5 ar\nd ! k+ 9 ,babylon cultivat$1 t !y 7 %[n to excel all ( !m 9 a t5fold degree4 ,& 9 ! book ( ,ezekiel x is said to ! rul] ( ,tyre1 :o greatly prid$ himself on 8 wisdom1 8,art ?\ wis] ?an ,daniel8 ,e secret 0 n reveal$ to !e40#che ,footnote #cgg3 4 ,footnote #cgh3 4 ,footnote #cgi3 ' 4 ,footnote #chj3 4 ,footnote #cha3 ,cf4 #a ,k+s x4 #a-i4 ,footnote #chb3 ,cf4 #a ,k+s iv4 #bi-cd4 ,! text reads1 1 = :i* has be5 sub/itut$4 ,footnote #chc3 4 ,footnote #chd3 ,hos4 x4 #i4 ,footnote #che3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xx4 #c4 ,*apt] ,,xlvi4 ,& if y come to ! books writt5 aft] ! "t ( ,jesus1 y w f9d t ^? multitudes ( believ]s :o he> ! p>ables are1 z x 71 8)\t10 & wor?y only ( exot]ic doctr9es1 :ile ! disciples le>n 9 private ! explanation ( ! p>ables4 ,=1 privately1 to ,8 own disciples did ,jesus op5 up all ?+s1 e/eem+ above ! multitudes ^? :o desir$ to "k ,8 wisdom4 ,& ,he promises to ^? :o believe ^u ,him to s5d !m wise m5 & scribes1 say+1 8,behold1 ,i w s5d unto y wise m5 & scribes1 & "s ( !m !y %all kill & crucify40#chf ,& ,paul also1 9 ! catalogue ( 8,*>ismata0 be/[$ by ,god1 plac$ fir/ 8! ^w ( wisdom10 & second1 z be+ inf]ior to x1 8! ^w ( k10 b ?ird1 & l[] d[n1 8fai?40#chg ,& because he reg>d$ 8! ^w0 z high] ?an miracul\s p[]s1 he = t reason places 8work+s ( miracles0 & 8gifts ( heal+s0 9 a l[] place ?an ! gifts ( ! ^w4 ,& 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les ,/eph5 be>s witness to ! great le>n+ ( ,moses1 :i* he _h obta9$ :olly f anci5t writ+s n accessible to ! multitude4 ,= he says3 8,& ,moses 0 le>n$ 9 all ! wisdom ( ! ,egyptians40#chh ,& !re=e1 ) respect to 8 miracles1 x 0 suspect$ t he wr\ght !m p]haps1 n 9 virtue ( 8 pr(ess+ to come f ,god1 b by means ( 8 ,egyptian k1 9 :i* he 0 well v]s$4 ,= ! k+1 ent]ta9+ su* a suspicion1 summon$ ! ,egyptian magicians1 & wise m51 & en*ant]s1 :o 7 f\nd to be ( no avail z aga9/ ! wisdom ( ,moses1 :i* prov$ sup]ior to all ! wisdom ( ! ,egyptians4 ,footnote #chf3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxiii4 #cd4 ,footnote #chg3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xii4 #h4 ,footnote #chh3 ,acts vii4 #bb4 ,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,b x is probable t :at is writt5 by ,paul 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1#chi z be+ address$ to ,greeks :o prid$ !mselves greatly on _! ,grecian wisdom1 has mov$ "s to believe t x 0 n ! object ( ! gospel to w9 wise m54 ,n[1 let him :o is ( ?is op9ion und]/& t ! gospel1 z c5sur+ wick$ m51 says ( !m t !y are wise n 9 ?+s :i* relate to ! und]/&+1 & :i* are unse5 & et]nal2 b t 9 busy+ !mselves ab\t ?+s ( s5se alone1 & reg>d+ ^! z all-important1 !y are wise m5 ( ! _w3 = z !re are 9 exi/5ce a multitude ( op9ions1 "s ( !m esp\s+ ! cause ( matt] & bodies1#cij & ass]t+ t ev]y?+ is corporeal :i* has a sub/antial exi/5ce1#cia & t besides ^! no?+ else exi/s1 :e!r x be call$ invisible or incorporeal1 x says also t ^! con/itute ! wisdom ( ! _w1 :i* p]i%es & fades away1 & belongs only to ?is age1 :ile ^? op9ions :i* raise ! s\l f ?+s "h to ! bless$ness :i* is ) ,god1 & to ,8 k+dom1 & :i* tea* m5 to despise all s5sible & visible ?+s z exi/+ only = a season1 & to ha/5 on to ?+s invisible1 & to h reg>d to ^? ?+s :i* are n se51--^!1 x says1 con/itute ! wisdom ( ,god4 ,b ,paul1 z a lov] ( tru?1 says ( c]ta9 wise m5 among ! ,greeks1 :5 _! /atem5ts are true1 t 8al?\gh !y knew ,god1 !y glorifi$ ,him n z ,god1 nei!r 7 ?ankful40#cib ,& he be>s witness t !y knew ,god1 & says1 too1 t ?is did n happ5 to !m )\t div9e p]mission1 9 ^! words3 8,= ,god %[$ x unto !m20#cic dimly allud+1 ,i ?9k1 to ^? :o asc5d f ?+s ( s5se to ^? ( ! und]/&+1 :5 he adds1 8,= ! invisible ?+s ( ,god f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 ,8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead2 s t !y are )\t excuse3 because t1 :5 !y knew ,god1 !y glorifi$ ,him n z ,god1 nei!r 7 ?ankful40#cid ,footnote #chi3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #ah1 etc4 ,footnote #cij3 4 ,footnote #cia3 4 ,footnote #cib3 ,cf4 ,rom4 i4 #ba4 ,footnote #cic3 ,rom4 i4 #ai4 ,footnote #cid3 ,cf4 ,rom4 i4 #bj-bb4 ,*apt] ,,xlviii4 ,& p]haps also f ! words1 8,= ye see y\r call+1 bre?r51 h[ t n _m wise m5 aft] ! fle%1 n _m mighty1 n _m noble1 are call$3 b ,god ha? *os5 ! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise2 & ! base ?+s1 & ! ?+s :i* are despis$1 ha? ,god *os51 & ?+s :i* are n1 to br+ to n\ght ?+s t are1 t no fle% may glory 9 ,8 pres5ce20#cie "s h be5 l$ to suppose t no "o :o is in/ruct$1 or wise1 or prud5t1 embraces ! gospel4 ,n[1 9 answ] to su* an "o1 we w\ld say t x has n be5 /at$ t 8no wise man accord+ to ! fle%10 b t 8n _m wise m5 accord+ to ! fle%10 are call$4 ,x is manife/1 fur!r1 t among/ ! *>act]i/ic qualifications ( ^? :o are t]m$ 8bi%ops10 ,paul1 9 describ+ :at k9d ( man ! bi%op ought to be1 lays d[n z a qualification t he %\ld also be a tea*]1 say+ t he ought to be able to conv9ce ! ga9say]s1 t by ! wisdom :i* is 9 him he may /op ! m\?s ( fooli% talk]s & deceiv]s4#cif ,& z he selects = ! episcopate a man :o has be5 once m>ri$#cig r ?an he :o has twice ent]$ ! m>ri$ /ate1 & a man ( blameless life r ?an "o :o is liable to c5sure1 & a sob] man r ?an "o :o is n su*1 & a prud5t man r ?an "o :o is n prud5t1 & a man ^: behavi\r is decor\s r ?an he :o is op5 to ! *>ge ev5 ( ! slighte/ indecorum1 s he desires t he :o is to be *os5 by pref]5ce = ! (fice ( a bi%op %\ld be apt to tea*1 & able to conv9ce ! ga9say]s4 ,h[ !n c ,celsus ju/ly *>ge u ) say+1 8,let no "o come to u :o is #8in/ruct$1' or #8wise1' or #8prud5t8'0 ,nay1 let him :o wills come to u 8in/ruct$10 & 8wise10 & 8prud5t20 & none ! less1 if any "o be ignorant & un9tellig5t1 & un9/ruct$ & fooli%1 let him also come3 = x is ^! :om ! gospel promises to cure1 :5 !y come1 by r5d]+ !m all wor?y ( ,god4 ,footnote #cie3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #bf-bh4 ,footnote #cif3 ,cf4 ,tit4 i4 #i1 #aj4 ,footnote #cig3 4 ,cf4 ,c4 ,apo/4 c4 xvii43 8 1 1 1 1 1 40 ,cf4 note 9 ,b5$ict9e ed4 ,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,?is /atem5t also is untrue1 t x is 8only fooli% & l[ individuals1 & p]sons devoid ( p]ception1 & slaves1 & wom51 & *ildr51 ( :om ! tea*]s ( ! div9e ^w wi% to make conv]ts40 ,su* inde$ does ! gospel invite1 9 ord] to make !m bett]2 b x invites also o!rs :o are v diff]5t f ^!1 s9ce ,*ri/ is ! ,savi\r ( all m51 & especially ( !m t believe1 :e!r !y be intellig5t or simple2 & 8,he is ! propitiation ) ! ,fa!r = our s9s2 & n = ours only1 b also = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w40#cih ,aft] ?is x is sup]flu\s = u to wi% to (f] a reply to su* /atem5ts ( ,celsus z ! foll[+3 8,= :y is x an evil to h be5 educat$1 & to h /udi$ ! be/ op9ions1 & to h bo? ! reality & appe>ance ( wisdom8 ,:at h9drance does ?is (f] to ! k ( ,god8 ,:y %\ld x n r be an assi/ance1 & a means by :i* "o might be bett] able to arrive at ! tru?80 ,truly x is no evil to h be5 educat$1 = education is ! way to virtue2 b to rank ^? among/ ! numb] ( ! educat$ :o hold errone\s op9ions is :at ev5 ! wise m5 among ! ,greeks w\ld n d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :o w\ld n admit t to h /udi$ ! be/ op9ions is a bless+8 ,b :at %all we call ! be/1 save ^? :i* are true1 & :i* incite m5 to virtue8 ,moreov]1 x is an excell5t ?+ = a man to be wise1 b n to seem s1 z ,celsus says4 ,& x is no h9drance to ! k ( ,god1 b an assi/ance1 to h be5 educat$1 & to h /udi$ ! be/ op9ions1 & to be wise4 ,& x becomes u r ?an ,celsus to say ?is1 especially if x be %[n t he is an ,epicurean4 ,footnote #cih3 ,cf4 #a ,john ii4 #b4 ,*apt] ,l4 ,b let u see :at ^? /atem5ts ( 8 are :i* foll[ next 9 ^! words3 8,nay1 we see1 inde$1 t ev5 ^? individuals1 :o 9 ! m>ket-places p]=m ! mo/ disgraceful tricks1 & :o ga!r cr[ds ar\nd !m1 w\ld nev] approa* an assembly ( wise m51 nor d>e to exhibit _! arts among !m2 b :]ev] !y see "y m51 & a mob ( slaves1 & a ga!r+ ( un9tellig5t p]sons1 ?i!r !y ?ru/ !mselves 91 & %[ !mselves (f40 ,obs]ve1 n[1 h[ he sl&]s u 9 ^! words1 comp>+ u to ^? :o 9 ! m>ket-places p]=m ! mo/ disreputable tricks1 & ga!r cr[ds ar\nd !m6 ,:at disreputable tricks1 pray1 d we p]=m8 ,or :at is !re 9 our conduct t resembles !irs1 see+ t by means ( read+s1 & explanations ( ! ?+s read1 we lead m5 to ! wor%ip ( ! ,god ( ! univ]se1 & to ! cognate virtues1 & turn !m away f contemn+ ,deity1 & f all ?+s contr>y to "r reason8 ,philosoph]s v]ily w\ld wi% to collect toge!r su* he>]s ( _! disc\rses z exhort m5 to virtue1--a practice :i* c]ta9 ( ! ,cynics especially h foll[$1 :o conv]se publicly ) ^? :om !y happ5 to meet4 ,w !y ma9ta91 !n1 t ^! :o d n ga!r toge!r p]sons :o are consid]$ to h be5 educat$1 b :o invite & assemble he>]s f ! public /reet1 resemble ^? :o 9 ! m>ket-places p]=m ! mo/ disreputable tricks1 & ga!r cr[ds ar\nd !m8 ,nei!r ,celsus1 h[ev]1 nor any "o :o holds ! same op9ions1 w blame ^? :o1 agreeably to :at !y reg>d z a feel+ ( philan?ropy1 address _! argum5ts to ! ignorant populace4 ,*apt] ,,li4 ,& if !y are n to be blam$ = s do+1 let u see :e!r ,*ri/ians d n exhort multitudes to ! practice ( virtue 9 a great] & bett] degree ?an !y4 ,= ! philosoph]s :o conv]se 9 public d n pick & *oose _! he>]s1 b he :o likes /&s & li/5s4 ,! ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 hav+ previ\sly1 s f> z possible1 te/$ ! s\ls ( ^? :o wi% to become _! he>]s1 & hav+ previ\sly in/ruct$#cii !m 9 private1 :5 !y appe> 7be=e ent]+ ! community7 to h suffici5tly ev9c$ _! desire t[>ds a virtu\s life1 introduce !m !n1 & n be=e1 privately =m+ "o class ( ^? :o are beg9n]s1 & are receiv+ admission1 b :o h n yet obta9$ ! m>k ( complete purification2 & ano!r ( ^? :o h manife/$ to ! be/ ( _! ability _! int5tion to desire no o!r ?+s ?an are approv$ by ,*ri/ians2 & among ^! !re are c]ta9 p]sons appo9t$ to make inquiries reg>d+ ! lives & behavi\r ( ^? :o jo9 !m1 9 ord] t !y may prev5t ^? :o commit acts ( infamy f com+ into _! public assembly1 :ile ^? ( a diff]5t "* !y receive ) _! :ole he>t1 9 ord] t !y may daily make !m bett]4 ,& ?is is _! me?od ( proc$ure1 bo? ) ^? :o are s9n]s1 & especially ) ^? :o lead dissolute lives1 :om !y exclude f _! community1 al?\gh1 accord+ to ,celsus1 !y resemble ^? :o 9 ! m>ket-places p]=m ! mo/ %ameful tricks4 ,n[ ! v5]able s*ool ( ! ,py?agoreans us$ to erect a c5otaph to ^? :o _h apo/atiz$ f _! sy/em ( philosophy1 treat+ !m z dead2 b ! ,*ri/ians lam5t z dead ^? :o h be5 vanqui%$ by lic5ti\sness or any o!r s91 because !y are lo/ & dead to ,god1 & z be+ ris5 f ! dead 7if !y manife/ a becom+ *ange7 !y receive !m aft]w>ds1 at "s future "t1 aft] a great] int]val ?an 9 ! case ( ^? :o 7 admitt$ at fir/1 b n plac+ 9 any (fice or po/ ( rank 9 ! *ur* ( ,god ^? :o1 aft] pr(ess+ ! gospel1 laps$ & fell4 ,footnote #cii3 4 ,*apt] ,,lii4 ,obs]ve n[ ) reg>d to ! foll[+ /atem5t ( ,celsus1 8,we see also ^? p]sons :o 9 ! m>ket-places p]=m mo/ disreputable tricks1 & collect cr[ds ar\nd !m10 :e!r a manife/ falsehood has n be5 utt]$1 & ?+s comp>$ :i* h no resemblance4 ,he says t ^! individuals1 to :om he comp>es u1 :o 8p]=m ! mo/ disreputable tricks 9 ! m>ket-places & collect cr[ds1 w\ld nev] approa* an assembly ( wise m51 nor d>e to %[ (f _! tricks be=e !m2 b :]ev] !y see "y m51 & a mob ( slaves1 & a ga!r+ ( fooli% p1 ?i!r d !y ?ru/ !mselves 9 & make a display40 ,n[1 9 speak+ ?us he does no?+ else ?an simply load u ) abuse1 l ! wom5 ^u ! public /reets1 ^: object is to sl&] "o ano!r2 = we d ev]y?+ 9 our p[] to secure t our meet+s %\ld be compos$ ( wise m51 & ^? ?+s among u :i* are especially excell5t & div9e we !n v5ture to br+ =w>d publicly 9 our discussions :5 we h an abundance ( intellig5t he>]s1 :ile we conceal & pass by 9 sil5ce ! tru?s ( deep] import :5 we see t our audi5ce is compos$ ( simpl] m9ds1 :i* ne$ su* in/ruction z is figuratively t]m$ 8milk40 ,*apt] ,,liii4 ,= ! ^w is us$ by our ,paul 9 writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 :o 7 ,greeks1 & n yet purifi$ 9 _! morals3 8,i h f$ y ) milk1 n ) meat2 = hi!rto ye 7 n able to be> x1 nei!r yet n[ are ye able1 = ye are yet c>nal3 = :]eas !re is among y envy+ & /rife1 are ye n c>nal1 & walk z m580 ,n[ ! same writ]1 kn[+ t !re 0 a c]ta9 k9d ( n\ri%m5t bett] adapt$ = ! s\l1 & t ! food ( ^? "y#djj p]sons :o 7 admitt$ 0 comp>$ to milk1 cont9ues3 8,& ye are become su* z h ne$ ( milk1 & n ( /rong meat4 ,= e "o t use? milk is unskilful 9 ! ^w ( righte\sness2 = he is a babe4 ,b /rong meat belonge? to !m t are ( full age1 ev5 ^? :o by reason ( use h _! s5ses ex]cis$ to disc]n bo? good & evil40#dja ,w\ld !n ^? :o believe ^! words to be well spok51 suppose t ! noble doctr9es ( our fai? w\ld nev] be m5tion$ 9 an assembly ( wise m51 b t :]ev] our in/ructors see "y m51 & a mob ( slaves1 & a collection ( fooli% individuals1 !y br+ publicly =w>d div9e & v5]able tru?s1 & be=e su* p]sons make a display ( !mselves 9 treat+ ( !m8 ,b x is cle> to him :o exam9es ! :ole _s ( our writ+s1 t ,celsus is animat$ ) a hatr$ aga9/ ! human race resembl+ t ( ! ignorant populace1 & gives utt]ance to ^! falsehoods )\t exam9ation4 ,footnote #djj3 4 ,footnote #dja3 ,heb4 v4 #ab-ad4 ,*apt] ,,liv4 ,we ackn[l$ge1 h[ev]1 al?\gh ,celsus w n h x s1 t we d desire to in/ruct all m5 9 ! ^w ( ,god1 s z to give to "y m5 ! exhortations :i* are appropriate to !m1 & to %[ to slaves h[ !y may recov] fre$om ( ?\ght1#djb & be ennobl$ by ! ^w4 ,& ^? among/ u :o are ! ambassadors ( ,*ri/ianity suffici5tly decl>e t !y are debtors#djc to ,greeks & b>b>ians1 to wise m5 & fools1 7= !y d n d5y _! obligation to cure ! s\ls ev5 ( fooli% p]sons17 9 ord] t z f> z possible !y may lay aside _! ignorance1 & endeav\r to obta9 great] prud5ce1 by li/5+ also to ! words ( ,solomon3 8,oh1 ye fools1 be ( an und]/&+ he>t10#djd & 8,:o is ! mo/ simple among y1 let him turn unto me20#dje & wisdom exhorts ^? :o are devoid ( und]/&+ 9 ! words1 8,come1 eat ( my bread1 & dr9k ( ! w9e :i* ,i h mix$ = y4 ,=sake folly t ye may live1 & correct und]/&+ 9 k40#djf ,?is too w\ld ,i say 7see+ x be>s on ! po9t71#djg 9 answ] to ! /atem5t ( ,celsus3 ,d n philosoph]s invite "y m5 to _! lectures8 & d !y n enc\rage "y m5 to ex*ange a wick$ life = a bett]8 & d !y n desire slaves to le>n philosophy8 ,mu/ we f9d fault1 !n1 ) philosoph]s :o h exhort$ slaves to ! practice ( virtue8 ) ,py?agoras = hav+ s done ) ,zamolxis1 ,z5o ) ,p]seus1 & ) ^? :o rec5tly enc\rag$ ,epictetus to ! /udy ( philosophy8 ,is x inde$ p]missible = y1 ,o ,greeks1 to call y\?s & slaves & fooli% p]sons to ! /udy ( philosophy1 b if we d s1 we d n act f philan?ropic motives 9 wi%+ to heal e rational nature ) ! m$ic9e ( reason1 & to br+ !m into fell[%ip ) ,god1 ! ,creator ( all ?+s8 ,^! rem>ks1 !n1 may suffice 9 answ] to :at are sl&]s r ?an accusations#djh on ! "p ( ,celsus4 ,footnote #djb3 4 ,footnote #djc3 ,cf4 ,rom4 i4 #ad4 ,footnote #djd3 ,cf4 ,prov4 viii4 #e4 ,footnote #dje3 ,cf4 ,prov4 ix4 #d4 ,footnote #djf3 ,cf4 ,prov4 ix4 #e1 #f4 ,footnote #djg3 4 ,footnote #djh3 4 ,*apt] ,,lv4 ,b z ,celsus delights to heap up calumnies aga9/ u1 &1 9 addition to ^? :i* he has already utt]$1 has add$ o!rs1 let u exam9e ^! also1 & see :e!r x be ! ,*ri/ians or ,celsus :o h reason to be a%am$ ( :at is said4 ,he ass]ts1 8,we see1 inde$1 9 private h\ses work]s 9 wool & lea!r1 & full]s1 & p]sons ( ! mo/ un9/ruct$ & ru/ic "*1 n v5tur+ to utt] a ^w 9 ! pres5ce ( _! eld]s & wis] ma/]s2#dji b :5 !y get hold ( ! *ildr5 privately1 & c]ta9 wom5 z ignorant z !mselves1 !y p\r =? wond]ful /atem5ts1 to ! effect t !y ought n to give he$ to _! fa!r & to _! tea*]s1 b %\ld obey !m2 t ! =m] are fooli% & /upid1 & nei!r "k nor c p]=m any?+ t is really good1 be+ preoccupi$ ) empty trifles2 t !y alone "k h[ m5 ought to live1 & t1 if ! *ildr5 obey !m1 !y w bo? be happy !mselves1 & w make _! home happy also4 ,& :ile ?us speak+1 if !y see "o ( ! in/ructors ( y\? approa*+1 or "o ( ! m intellig5t class1 or ev5 ! fa!r himself1 ! m timid among !m become afraid1 :ile ! m =w>d incite ! *ildr5 to ?r[ (f ! yoke1 :isp]+ t 9 ! pres5ce ( fa!r & tea*]s !y nei!r w nor c expla9 to !m any good ?+1 see+ !y turn away ) av]sion f ! sill9ess & /upidity ( su* p]sons z be+ altoge!r corrupt1 & f> advanc$ 9 wick$ness1 & su* z w\ld inflict puni%m5t ^u !m2 b t if !y wi% to avail !mselves ( _! aid1 !y mu/ leave _! fa!r & _! in/ructors1 & g ) ! wom5 & _! playfell[s to ! wom5's ap>tm5ts1 or to ! lea!r %op1 or to ! full]'s %op1 t !y may atta9 to p]fection2--& by words l ^! !y ga9 !m ov]40 ,footnote #dji3 ,! allusion is to ! practice ( weal?y ,greeks & ,romans hav+ among _! slaves artific]s ( v>i\s k9ds1 = ^: s]vice !re 0 con/ant dem& 9 ! h\ses & villas ( ! ri*1 & :o !re=e _h _! resid5ce 9 or ne> ! dwell+ ( _! ma/]4 ,_m ( ^! artific]s seem1 f ! language ( ,celsus1 to h be5 conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity4 ,*apt] ,,lvi4 ,obs]ve n[ h[ by su* /atem5ts he depreciates ^? among/ u :o are tea*]s ( ! ^w1 & :o /rive 9 e way to raise ! s\l to ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 & :o %[ t we ought to despise ?+s 8s5sible10 & 8temporal10 & 8visible10 & to d our utmo/ to rea* communion ) ,god1 & ! contemplation ( ?+s t are 8intellig5t10 & 8invisible10 & a bless$ life ) ,god1 & ! fri5ds ( ,god2 comp>+ !m to 8work]s 9 wool 9 private h\ses1 & to lea!r-cutt]s1 & to full]s1 & to ! mo/ ru/ic ( mank9d1 :o c>efully incite "y boys to wick$ness1 & wom5 to =sake _! fa!rs & tea*]s1 & foll[ !m40 ,n[ let ,celsus po9t out f :at wise p>5t1 or f :at tea*]s1 we keep away *ildr5 & wom51 & let him asc]ta9 by comp>ison among ^? *ildr5 & wom5 :o are adh]5ts ( our doctr9e1 :e!r any ( ! op9ions :i* !y =m]ly he>d are bett] ?an ours1 & 9 :at mann] we draw away *ildr5 & wom5 f noble & v5]able /udies1 & incite !m to worse ?+s4 ,b he w n be able to make good any su* *>ge aga9/ u1 see+ t1 on ! contr>y1 we turn away wom5 f a dissolute life1 & f be+ at v>iance ) ^? ) :om !y live1 f all mad desires aft] !atres & danc+1 & f sup]/ition2 :ile we tra9 to habits ( self-re/ra9t boys j rea*+ ! age ( pub]ty1 & feel+ a desire = sexual pleasures1 po9t+ out to !m n only ! disgrace :i* att5ds ^? s9s1 b also ! /ate to :i* ! s\l ( ! wick$ is r$uc$ ?r\gh practices ( t k9d1 & ! judgm5ts :i* x w suff]1 & ! puni%m5ts :i* w be inflict$4 ,*apt] ,,lvii4 ,b :o are ! tea*]s :om we call trifl]s & fools1 ^: def5ce is und]tak5 by ,celsus1 z ( ^? :o tea* bett] ?+s8 ,i "k n1 unless he deem ^? to be good in/ructors ( wom51 & no trifl]s1 :o invite !m to sup]/ition & to un*a/e spectacles1 & ^?1 moreov]1 to be tea*]s n devoid ( s5se :o lead "y m5 to ! communion ( all ^? disord]ly acts :i* we "k are (t5 committ$ by !m4 ,we inde$ call away ^! also1 z f> z we c1 f ! dogmas ( philosophy to our wor%ip ( ,god1 by %[+ =? its excell5ce & purity4 ,b z ,celsus1 by 8 /atem5ts1 has decl>$ t we d n d s1 b t we call only ! fooli%1 ,i w\ld say to him1 8,if y _h *>g$ u ) )draw+ f ! /udy ( philosophy ^? :o 7 already preoccupi$ ) x1 y w\ld n h spok5 ! tru?1 & yet y\r *>ge w\ld h _h an appe>ance ( probability2 b :5 y n[ say t we draw away our adh]5ts f good tea*]s1 %[ :o are ^? o!r tea*]s save ! tea*]s ( philosophy1 or ^? :o h be5 appo9t$ to give in/ruction 9 "s useful bran* ( /udy40#daj ,he w be unable1 h[ev]1 to %[ any su*2 :ile we promise1 op5ly & n 9 secret1 t !y w be happy :o live accord+ to ! ^w ( ,god1 & :o look to ,him 9 all ?+s1 & :o d ev]y?+1 :atev] x is1 z if 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,are ^! ! in/ructions ( work]s 9 wool1 & ( lea!r-cutt]s1 & full]s1 & un$ucat$ ru/ics8 ,b su* an ass]tion he _c make good4 ,footnote #daj3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,lviii4 ,b ^? :o1 9 ! op9ion ( ,celsus1 resemble ! work]s 9 wool 9 private h\ses1 & ! lea!r-cutt]s1 & full]s1 & un$ucat$ ru/ics1 w1 he alleges1 9 ! pres5ce ( fa!r or tea*]s be unwill+ to speak1 or unable to expla9 to ! boys any?+ t is good4 ,9 answ] to :i*1 we w\ld say1 ,:at k9d ( fa!r1 my good sir1 & :at k9d ( tea*]1 d y mean8 ,if y mean "o :o approves ( virtue1 & turns away f vice1 & welcomes :at is bett]1 !n "k1 t ) ! greate/ boldness w we decl>e our op9ions to ! *ildr51 because we w be 9 good repute ) su* a judge4 ,b if1 9 ! pres5ce ( a fa!r :o has a hatr$ ( virtue & goodness1 we keep sil5ce1 & also be=e ^? :o tea* :at is contr>y to s\nd doctr9e1 d n blame u = s do+1 s9ce y w blame u )\t good reason4 ,y1 at all ev5ts1 9 a case :]e fa!rs deem$ ! my/]ies ( philosophy an idle & unpr(itable occupation = _! sons1 & = "y m5 9 g5]al1 w\ld n1 9 tea*+ philosophy1 make kn[n its secrets be=e wor?less p>5ts2 b1 desir+ to keep ap>t ^? sons ( wick$ p>5ts :o _h be5 turn$ t[>ds ! /udy ( philosophy1 y w\ld obs]ve ! prop] seasons1 9 ord] t ! doctr9es ( philosophy might rea* ! m9ds ( ! "y m54 ,& we say ! same reg>d+ our tea*]s4 ,= if we turn our he>]s away f ^? in/ructors :o tea* obsc5e com$ies & lic5ti\s iambics1 & _m o!r ?+s :i* nei!r improve ! speak] nor b5efit ! he>]s 7because ! latt] d n "k h[ to li/5 to poetry 9 a philosophic frame ( m9d1 nor ! =m] h[ to say to ea* ( ! "y m5 :at t5ds to 8 pr(it71 we are n1 9 foll[+ su* a c\rse1 a%am$ to confess :at we d4 ,b if y w %[ me tea*]s :o tra9 "y m5 = philosophy1 & :o ex]cise !m 9 x1 ,i w n f su* turn away "y m51 b w try to raise !m1 z ^? :o h be5 previ\sly ex]cis$ 9 ! :ole circle ( le>n+ & 9 philosophical subjects1 to ! v5]able & l(ty height ( eloqu5ce :i* lies hid f ! multitude ( ,*ri/ians1 :]e are discuss$ topics ( ! greate/ importance1 & :]e x is demon/rat$ & %[n t !y h be5 treat$ philosophically bo? by ! prophets ( ,god & ! apo/les ( ,jesus4 ,*apt] ,,lix4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is1 ,celsus1 p]ceiv+ t he has sl&]$ u ) too great bitt]ness1 z if by way ( def5ce expresses himself z foll[s3 8,t ,i br+ no heavi] *>ge ?an :at ! tru? compels me1 any "o may see f ! foll[+ rem>ks4 ,^? :o invite to p>ticipation 9 o!r my/]ies1 make proclamation z foll[s3 #8,e "o :o has clean h&s1 & a prud5t tongue2'#daa o!rs aga9 ?us3 #8,he :o is pure f all pollution1 & ^: s\l is consci\s ( no evil1 & :o has liv$ well & ju/ly4' ,su* is ! proclamation made by ^? :o promise purification f s9s4 ,b let u he> :at k9d ( p]sons ^! ,*ri/ians invite4 ,e "o1 !y say1 :o is a s9n]1 :o is devoid ( und]/&+1 :o is a *ild1 &1 to speak g5]ally1 :oev] is un=tunate1 him w ! k+dom ( ,god receive4 ,d y n call him a s9n]1 !n1 :o is unju/1 & a ?ief1 & a h\sebreak]1 & a poison]1 & a committ] ( sacrilege1 & a robb] ( ! dead8 ,:at o!rs w\ld a man invite if he 7 issu+ a proclamation = an assembly ( robb]s80 ,n[1 9 answ] to su* /atem5ts1 we say t x is n ! same ?+ to invite ^? :o are sick 9 s\l to be cur$1 & ^? :o are 9 heal? to ! k & /udy ( div9e ?+s4 ,we1 h[ev]1 keep+ bo? ^! ?+s 9 view1 at fir/ invite all m5 to be heal$1 & exhort ^? :o are s9n]s to come to ! consid]ation ( ! doctr9es :i* tea* m5 n to s91 & ^? :o are devoid ( und]/&+ to ^? :i* beget wisdom1 & ^? :o are *ildr5 to rise 9 _! ?\ghts to manhood1 & ^? :o are simply#dab un=tunate to good =tune1#dac or--:i* is ! m appropriate t]m to use--to bless$ness4#dad ,& :5 ^? :o h be5 turn$ t[>ds virtue h made progress1 & h %[n t !y h be5 purifi$ by ! ^w1 & h l$ z f> z !y c a bett] life1 !n & n be=e d we invite !m to p>ticipation 9 our my/]ies4 8,= we speak wisdom among !m t are p]fect40#dae ,footnote #daa3 4 ,footnote #dab3 4 ,footnote #dac3 4 ,footnote #dad3 4 ,footnote #dae3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 ii4 #f4 ,*apt] ,,lx4 ,& z we tea*1 moreov]1 t 8wisdom w n ent] into ! s\l ( a base man1 nor dwell 9 a body t is involv$ 9 s910#daf we say1 ,:oev] has clean h&s1 & !re=e lifts up holy h&s to ,god1 & by reason ( be+ occupi$ ) elevat$ & heav5ly ?+s1 c say1 8,! lift+ up ( my h&s is z ! ev5+ sacrifice10#dag let him come to u2 & :oev] has a wise tongue ?r\gh m$itat+ on ! law ( ! ,"l day & night1 & by 8reason ( habit has 8 s5ses ex]cis$ to disc]n betwe5 good & evil10 let him h no reluctance 9 com+ to ! /rong & rational su/5ance :i* is adapt$ to ^? :o are a?letes 9 piety & e virtue4 ,& s9ce ! grace ( ,god is ) all ^? :o love ) a pure affection ! tea*] ( ! doctr9es ( immortality1 :oev] is pure n only f all defilem5t1 b f :at are reg>d$ z less] transgressions1 let him be boldly initiat$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ,jesus1 :i* prop]ly are made kn[n only to ! holy & ! pure4 ,! initiat$ ( ,celsus accord+ly says1 8,let him ^: s\l is consci\s ( no evil come40 ,b he :o acts z initiator1 accord+ to ! precepts ( ,jesus1 w say to ^? :o h be5 purifi$ 9 he>t1 8,he ^: s\l has1 = a long "t1 be5 consci\s ( no evil1 & especially s9ce he yield$ himself to ! heal+ ( ! ^w1 let su* an "o he> ! doctr9es :i* 7 spok5 9 private by ,jesus to ,8 g5u9e disciples40 ,!re=e 9 ! comp>ison :i* he in/itutes betwe5 ! proc$ure ( ! initiators into ! ,grecian my/]ies1 & ! tea*]s ( ! doctr9e ( ,jesus1 he does n "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 invit+ ! wick$ to be heal$1 & initiat+ ^? already purifi$ into ! sacr$ my/]ies6 ,footnote #daf3 ,wisd4 ,solom4 i4 #d4 ,footnote #dag3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cxli4 #b4 ,*apt] ,,lxi4 ,n to p>ticipation 9 my/]ies1 !n1 & to fell[%ip 9 ! wisdom hidd5 9 a my/]y1 :i* ,god orda9$ be=e ! _w to ! glory ( ,8 sa9ts1#dah d we invite ! wick$ man1 & ! ?ief1 & ! h\sebreak]1 & ! poison]1 & ! committ] ( sacrilege1 & ! plund]] ( ! dead1 & all ^? o!rs :om ,celsus may enum]ate 9 8 exagg]at+ /yle1 b su* z ^! we invite to be heal$4 ,= !re are 9 ! div9ity ( ! ^w "s helps t[>ds ! cure ( ^? :o are sick1 respect+ :i* ! ^w says1 8,!y t be :ole ne$ n a physician1 b !y t are sick20#dai o!rs1 aga91 :i* to ! pure 9 s\l & body exhibit 8! revelation ( ! my/]y1 :i* 0 kept secret s9ce ! _w began1 b n[ is made manife/ by ! ,scriptures ( ! prophets10#dbj & 8by ! appe>+ ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/10#dba :i* 8appe>+0 is manife/$ to ea* "o ( ^? :o are p]fect1 & :i* enlight5s ! reason#dbb 9 ! true#dbc k ( ?+s4 ,b z he exagg]ates ! *>ges aga9/ u1 add+1 aft] 8 li/ ( ^? vile individuals :om he has m5tion$1 ?is rem>k1 8,:at o!r p]sons w\ld a robb] summon to himself by proclamation80 we answ] su* a "q by say+ t a robb] summons ar\nd him individuals ( su* a "*1 9 ord] to make use ( _! villany aga9/ ! m5 :om !y desire to slay & plund]4 ,a ,*ri/ian1 on ! o!r h&1 ev5 ?\gh he invite ^? :om ! robb] invites1 invites !m to a v diff]5t vocation1 viz4 to b9d up ^! w\nds by ,8 ^w1 & to apply to ! s\l1 fe/]+ amid evils1 ! drugs obta9$ f ! ^w1 & :i* are analog\s to ! w9e & oil1 & pla/]s1 & o!r heal+ appliances :i* belong to ! art ( m$ic9e4 ,footnote #dah3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 ii4 #g4 ,footnote #dai3 ,matt4 ix4 #ab4 ,footnote #dbj3 ,rom4 xvi4 #be1 #bf4 ,footnote #dba3 ,cf4 #b ,tim4 ii4 #aj4 ,footnote #dbb3 4 ,footnote #dbc3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxii4 ,9 ! next place1 ?r[+ a slur#dbd ^u ! exhortations spok5 & writt5 to ^? :o h l$ wick$ lives1 & :i* invite !m to rep5tance & re=mation ( he>t1 he ass]ts t we say 8t x 0 to s9n]s t ,god has be5 s5t40 ,n[ ?is /atem5t ( 8 is mu* ! same z if he 7 to f9d fault ) c]ta9 p]sons = say+ t on acc\nt ( ! sick :o 7 liv+ 9 a city1 a physician _h be5 s5t !m by a v b5evol5t mon>*4 ,god ! ,^w 0 s5t1 inde$1 z a physician to s9n]s1 b z a tea*] ( div9e my/]ies to ^? :o are already pure & :o s9 no m4 ,b ,celsus1 unable to see ?is di/9ction1--= he _h no desire to be animat$ ) a love ( tru?1--rem>ks1 8,:y 0 he n s5t to ^? :o 7 )\t s98 ,:at evil is x n to h committ$ s980 ,to :i* we reply1 t if by ^? 8:o 7 )\t s90 he means ^? :o s9 no m1 !n our ,savi\r ,jesus 0 s5t ev5 to su*1 b n z a physician4 ,:ile if by ^? 8:o 7 )\t s90 he means su* z h nev] at any "t s9n$1--= he made no di/9ction 9 8 /atem5t1--we reply t x is impossible = a man ?us to be )\t s94 ,& ?is we say1 except+1 ( c\rse1 ! man und]/ood to be 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1#dbe :o 8did no s940 ,x is ) a malici\s int5t1 inde$1 t ,celsus says ( u t we ass]t t 8,god w receive ! unrighte\s man if he humble himself on acc\nt ( 8 wick$ness1 b t ,he w n receive ! righte\s man1 al?\gh he look up to ,him1 adorn$ ) virtue f ! beg9n+40 ,n[ we ass]t t x is impossible = a man to look up to ,god adorn$ ) virtue f ! beg9n+4 ,= wick$ness mu/ necess>ily fir/ exi/ 9 m54 ,z ,paul also says1 8,:5 ! comm&m5t came1 s9 reviv$1 & ,i di$40#dbf ,moreov]1 we d n tea* reg>d+ ! unrighte\s man1 t x is suffici5t = him to humble himself on acc\nt ( 8 wick$ness 9 ord] to 8 be+ accept$ by ,god1 b t ,god w accept him if1 aft] pass+ condemnation ^u himself = 8 pa/ conduct1 he walk humbly on acc\nt ( x1 & 9 a becom+ mann] = ! "t to come4 ,footnote #dbd3 4 ,footnote #dbe3 4 ,footnote #dbf3 ,rom4 vii4 #i4 ,*apt] ,,lxiii4 ,aft] ?is1 n und]/&+ h[ x has be5 said t 8e "o :o exalte? himself %all be abas$20#dbg nor 7al?\gh taught ev5 by ,plato7 t 8! good & virtu\s man walke? humbly & ord]ly20 & ignorant1 moreov]1 t we give ! injunction1 8,humble y\rselves1 !re=e1 "u ! mighty h& ( ,god1 t ,he may exalt y 9 due "t20#dbh he says t 8^? p]sons :o preside prop]ly ov] a trial make ^? individuals :o bewail be=e !m _! evil de$s to cease f _! pite\s wail+s1 le/ _! decisions %\ld be det]m9$ r by compassion ?an by a reg>d to tru?2 :]eas ,god does n decide 9 accordance ) tru?1 b 9 accordance ) flatt]y40#dbi ,n[1 :at words ( flatt]y & pite\s wail+ are conta9$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures :5 ! s9n] says 9 8 pray]s to ,god1 8,i h ackn[l$g$ my s91 & m9e iniquity h ,i n hid4 ,i said1 ,i w confess my transgression to ! ,"l10 etc4 etc48 ,= is he able to %[ t a proc$ure ( ?is k9d is n adapt$ to ! conv]sion ( s9n]s1 :o humble !mselves 9 _! pray]s "u ! h& ( ,god8 ,&1 becom+ confus$ by 8 ef=t to accuse u1 he contradicts himself2 appe>+ at "o "t to "k a man 8)\t s910 & 8a righte\s man1 :o c look up to ,god adorn$ ) virtue f ! beg9n+20 & at ano!r "t accept+ our /atem5t t !re is no man altoge!r righte\s1 or )\t s92#dcj =1 z if he admitt$ its tru?1 he rem>ks1 8,?is is inde$ app>5tly true1 t someh[ ! human race is naturally incl9$ to s940 ,9 ! next place1 z if all m5 7 n invit$ by ! ^w1 he says1 8,all m51 !n1 )\t di/9ction1 ought to be invit$1 s9ce all inde$ are s9n]s40 ,& yet1 9 ! prec$+ pages1 we h po9t$ out ! words ( ,jesus3 8,come unto me1 all ye t lab\r & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give y re/40#dca ,all m51 !re=e1 lab\r+ & be+ heavy lad5 on acc\nt ( ! nature ( s91 are invit$ to ! re/ spok5 ( 9 ! ^w ( ,god1 8= ,god s5t ,8 ^w1 & heal$ !m1 & deliv]$ !m f _! de/ructions40#dcb ,footnote #dbg3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxiii4 #ab4 ,footnote #dbh3 #a ,pet4 v4 #f4 ,footnote #dbi3 4 ,footnote #dcj3 ,9 ! text x is put int]rogatively3 2 2 ,! allusion seems to be to ,job xv4 #ad3 1 2 4 ,footnote #dca3 ,matt4 xi4 #bh4 ,footnote #dcb3 ,ps4 cvii4 #bj4 ,*apt] ,,lxiv4 ,b s9ce he says1 9 addition to ?is1 8,:at is ?is pref]5ce ( s9n]s ov] o!rs80 & makes o!r rem>ks ( a simil> nature1 we h to reply t absolutely a s9n] is n pref]r$ be=e "o :o is n a s9n]2 b t sometimes a s9n]1 :o has become consci\s ( 8 own s91 & = t reason comes to rep5tance1 be+ humbl$ on acc\nt ( 8 s9s1 is pref]r$ be=e "o :o is acc\nt$ a less] s9n]1 b :o does n consid] himself "o1 b exalts himself on ! gr\nd ( c]ta9 good qualities :i* he ?9ks he possesses1 & is greatly elat$ on _! acc\nt4 ,& ?is is manife/ to ^? :o are will+ to p]use ! ,gospels 9 a _s ( fairness1 by ! p>able ( ! publican1 :o said1 8,be m]ciful to me a s9n]10#dcc & ( ! ,ph>isee :o boa/$ ) a c]ta9 wick$ self-conceit 9 ! words1 8,i ?ank ,!e t ,i am n z o!r m5 are1 extortion]s1 unju/1 adult]]s1 or ev5 z ?is publican40#dcd ,= ,jesus subjo9s to ,8 n>rative ( !m bo? ! words3 8,?is man w5t d[n to 8 h\se ju/ifi$ r ?an ! o!r3 = e "o t exalte? himself %all be abas$2 & he t humble? himself %all be exalt$40#dce ,we utt] no blasphemy1 !n1 aga9/ ,god1 nei!r are we guilty ( falsehood1 :5 we tea* t e man1 :oev] he may be1 is consci\s ( human infirmity 9 comp>ison ) ! greatness ( ,god1 & t we mu/ ev] ask f ,him1 :o alone is able to supply our defici5cies1 :at is want+ to our mortal nature4 ,footnote #dcc3 ,luke xviii4 #ac4 ,footnote #dcd3 ,luke xviii4 #aa4 ,footnote #dce3 ,luke xviii4 #ad4 ,*apt] ,,lxv4 ,he imag9es1 h[ev]1 t we utt] ^! exhortations = ! conv]sion ( s9n]s1 because we are able to ga9 ov] no "o :o is really good & righte\s1 & !re=e op5 our gates to ! mo/ unholy & ab&on$ ( m54 ,b if any "o w fairly obs]ve our assemblies1 we c pres5t a great] numb] ( ^? :o h be5 conv]t$ f n a v wick$ life1 ?an ( ^? :o h committ$ ! mo/ abom9able s9s4 ,= naturally ^? :o are consci\s to !mselves ( bett] ?+s1 desire t ^? promises may be true :i* are decl>$ by ,god reg>d+ ! rew>d ( ! righte\s1 & ?us ass5t m readily to ! /atem5ts ( ,scripture ?an ^? d :o h l$ v wick$ lives1 & :o are prev5t$ by _! v consci\sness ( evil f admitt+ t !y w be puni%$ by ! ,judge ( all ) su* puni%m5t z befits ^? :o h s9n$ s greatly1 & z w\ld n be inflict$ by ! ,judge ( all contr>y to "r reason4#dcf ,sometimes1 also1 :5 v ab&on$ m5 are will+ to accept ! doctr9e ( future puni%m5t1 on acc\nt ( ! hope :i* is bas$ ^u rep5tance1 !y are prev5t$ f s do+ by _! habit ( s9n+1 be+ con/antly dipp$1 &1 z x 71 dy$ 9 wick$ness1 & possess+ no long] ! p[] to turn f x easily to a prop] life1 & "o regulat$ accord+ to "r reason4 ,& al?\gh ,celsus obs]ves ?is1 he nev]!less1 ,i "k n :y1 expresses himself 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,& yet1 inde$1 x is manife/ to e "o t no "o by *a/isem5t1 mu* less by m]ciful treatm5t1 c\ld effect a complete *ange 9 ^? :o are s9n]s bo? by nature & cu/om1 = to *ange nature is an exce$+ly difficult ?+4 ,b !y :o are )\t s9 are p>tak]s ( a bett] life40 ,footnote #dcf3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxvi4 ,n[ "h ,celsus appe>s to me to h committ$ a great error1 9 refus+ to ^? :o are s9n]s by nature1 & also by habit1 ! possibility ( a complete trans=mation1 alleg+ t !y _c be cur$ ev5 by puni%m5t4 ,= x cle>ly appe>s t all m5 are incl9$ to s9 by nature1 & "s n only by nature b by practice1 :ile n all m5 are incapable ( an entire trans=mation4 ,= !re are f\nd 9 e philosophical sect1 & 9 ! ^w ( ,god1 p]sons :o are relat$ to h und]gone s great a *ange t !y may be propos$ z a model ( excell5ce ( life4 ,among ! names ( ! h]oic age "s m5tion ,h]cules & ,ulysses1 among ^? ( lat] times1 ,socrates1 & ( ^? :o h liv$ v rec5tly1 ,musonius4#dcg ,n only aga9/ u1 !n1 did ,celsus utt] ! calumny1 :5 he said t 8x 0 manife/ to e "o t ^? :o 7 giv5 to s9 by nature & habit c\ld n by any means--ev5 by puni%m5ts--be completely *ang$ = ! bett]10 b also aga9/ ! noble/ names 9 philosophy1 :o h n d5i$ t ! recov]y ( virtue 0 a possible ?+ = m54 ,b al?\gh he did n express 8 mean+ ) exactness1 we %all nev]!less1 ?\gh giv+ 8 words a m fav\rable con/ruction1 convict him ( uns\nd reason+4 ,= 8 words 73 8,^? :o are incl9$ to s9 by nature & habit1 no "o c\ld completely re=m ev5 by *a/isem5t20 & 8 words1 z we und]/ood !m1 we refut$ to ! be/ ( our ability4#dch ,footnote #dcg3 ,he is said to h be5 ei!r a ,babylonian or ,tyrrh5ian1 & to h liv$ 9 ! reign ( ,n]o4 ,cf4 ,philo/ratus1 iv4 #ab4--,,ru,,u4 ,footnote #dch3 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,lxvii4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t he meant to convey "s su* mean+ z ?is1 t ^? :o 7 bo? by nature & habit giv5 to ! commission ( ^? s9s :i* are committ$ by ! mo/ ab&on$ ( m51 c\ld n be completely trans=m$ ev5 by puni%m5t4 ,& yet ?is is %[n to be false f ! hi/ory ( c]ta9 philosoph]s4 ,= :o is !re t w\ld n rank among ! mo/ ab&on$ ( m5 ! individual :o someh[ submitt$ to yield himself to 8 ma/]1 :5 he plac$ him 9 a bro!l1#dci t he might all[ himself to be pollut$ by any "o :o lik$8 ,& yet su* a circum/ance is relat$ ( ,phd6 ,& :o w n agree t he :o bur/1 accompani$ ) a flute-play] & a p>ty ( revell]s1 8 pr(ligate associates1 into ! s*ool ( ! v5]able ,x5ocrates1 to insult a man :o 0 ! admiration ( 8 fri5ds1 0 n "o ( ! greate/ miscreants#ddj among mank9d8 ,yet1 not)/&+ ?is1 reason 0 p[]ful en\gh to effect _! conv]sion1 & to enable !m to make su* progress 9 philosophy1 t ! "o 0 deem$ wor?y by ,plato to rec\nt ! disc\rse ( ,socrates on immortality1 & to record 8 firmness 9 prison1 :5 he ev9c$ 8 contempt ( ! hemlock1 & ) all fe>lessness & tranquillity ( m9d treat$ ( subjects s num]\s & important1 t x is difficult ev5 = ^? to foll[ !m :o are giv+ _! utmo/ att5tion1 & :o are di/urb$ by no di/raction2 :ile ,polemon1 on ! o!r h&1 :o f a pr(ligate became a man ( mo/ temp]ate life1 0 successor 9 ! s*ool ( ,x5ocrates1 s celebrat$ = 8 v5]able "*4 ,celsus !n does n speak ! tru? :5 he says 8t s9n]s by nature & habit _c be completely re=m$ ev5 by *a/isem5t40 ,footnote #dci3 4 ,footnote #ddj3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxviii4 ,t philosophical disc\rses1 h[ev]1 di/+ui%$ by ord]ly arrangem5t & elegant expression1#dda %\ld produce su* results 9 ! case ( ^? individuals j enum]at$1 & ^u o!rs#ddb :o h l$ wick$ lives1 is n at all to be wond]$ at4 ,b :5 we consid] t ^? disc\rses1 :i* ,celsus t]ms 8vulg>10#ddc are fill$ ) p[]1 z if !y 7 spells1 & see t !y at once conv]t multitudes f a life ( lic5ti\sness to "o ( extreme regul>ity1#ddd & f a life ( wick$ness to a bett]1 & f a /ate ( c[>dice or unmanl9ess to "o ( su* high-ton$ c\rage z to lead m5 to despise ev5 dea? ?r\gh ! piety :i* %[s itself )9 !m1 :y %\ld we n ju/ly admire ! p[] :i* !y conta98 ,= ! words ( ^? :o at ! fir/ assum$ ! (fice ( ,*ri/ian ambassadors1 & :o gave _! lab\rs to re> up ! *ur*es ( ,god1--nay1 _! prea*+ also1--7 accompani$ ) a p]suasive p[]1 ?\gh n l t f\nd among ^? :o pr(ess ! philosophy ( ,plato1 or ( any o!r m]ely human philosoph]1 :i* possesses no o!r qualities ?an ^? ( human nature4 ,b ! demon/ration :i* foll[$ ! words ( ! apo/les ( ,jesus 0 giv5 f ,god1 & 0 accr$it$#dde by ! ,_s & by p[]4 ,& !re=e _! ^w ran swiftly & spe$ily1 or r ! ^w ( ,god ?r\gh _! in/rum5tality1 trans=m$ numb]s ( p]sons :o _h be5 s9n]s bo? by nature & habit1 :om no "o c\ld h re=m$ by puni%m5t1 b :o 7 *ang$ by ! ^w1 :i* m\ld$ & trans=m$ !m accord+ to its pleasure4 ,footnote #dda3 4 ,footnote #ddb3 ,! read+ 9 ! text is 1 = :i* has be5 conjectur$ by ,ruu & ,boh]ellus1 & :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,footnote #ddc3 4 ,footnote #ddd3 4 ,footnote #dde3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxix4 ,celsus cont9ues 9 8 usual mann]1 ass]t+ t 8to *ange a nature entirely is exce$+ly difficult40 ,we1 h[ev]1 :o "k ( only "o nature 9 e rational s\l1 & :o ma9ta9 t none has be5 creat$ evil by ! ,au?or ( all ?+s1 b t _m h become wick$ ?r\gh education1 & p]v]se example1 & surr\nd+ influ5ces1#ddf s t wick$ness has be5 naturaliz$#ddg 9 "s individuals1 are p]suad$ t = ! ^w ( ,god to *ange a nature 9 :i* evil has be5 naturaliz$ is n only n impossible1 b is ev5 a "w ( no v great difficulty1 if a man only believe t he mu/ entru/ himself to ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & d ev]y?+ ) a view to please ,him ) :om 8,bo? good & bad are n 9 ! same hon\r1 ,nor d ! idle man & he :o has lab\r$ mu* ,p]i% alike40#ddh ,b ev5 if x be exce$+ly difficult to effect a *ange 9 "s p]sons1 ! cause mu/ be held to lie 9 _! own w1 :i* is reluctant to accept ! belief t ! ,god ov] all ?+s is a j ,judge ( all ! de$s done dur+ life4 ,= delib]ate *oice & practice#ddi avail mu* t[>ds ! accompli%m5t ( ?+s :i* appe> to be v difficult1 &1 to speak hyp]bolically1 almo/ impossible4 ,has ! nature ( man1 :5 desir+ to walk along a rope ext5d$ 9 ! air ?r\gh ! middle ( ! !atre1 & to c>ry at ! same "t num]\s & heavy weights1 be5 able by practice & att5tion to accompli% su* a feat2 b :5 desir+ to live 9 con=mity ) ! practice ( virtue1 does x f9d x impossible to d s1 al?\gh =m]ly x may h be5 exce$+ly wick$8 ,see :e!r he :o holds su* views does n br+ a *>ge aga9/ ! nature ( ! ,creator ( ! rational animal#dej r ?an aga9/ ! creature1 if ,he has =m$ ! nature ( man ) p[]s = ! atta9m5t ( ?+s ( su* difficulty1 & ( no utility :atev]1 b has r5d]$ x incapable ( secur+ its own bless$ness4 ,b ^! rem>ks may suffice z an answ] to ! ass]tion t 8entirely to *ange a nature is exce$+ly difficult40 ,he alleges1 9 ! next place1 t 8!y :o are )\t s9 are p>tak]s ( a bett] life20 n mak+ x cle> :at he means by 8^? :o are )\t s910 :e!r ^? :o are s f ! beg9n+ ( _! lives1 or ^? :o become s by a trans=mation4 ,( ^? :o 7 s f ! beg9n+ ( _! lives1 !re _c possibly be any2 :ile ^? :o are s aft] a trans=mation ( he>t are f\nd to be few 9 numb]1 be+ ^? :o h become s aft] giv+ 9 _! allegiance to ! sav+ ^w4 ,& !y 7 n su* :5 !y gave 9 _! allegiance4 ,=1 ap>t f ! aid ( ! ^w1 & t too ! ^w ( p]fection1 x is impossible = a man to become free f s94 ,footnote #ddf3 1 1 4 ,footnote #ddg3 4 ,footnote #ddh3 ,cf4 ,iliad1 ix4 #cai1 #cbj4 ,footnote #ddi3 4 ,footnote #dej3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxx4 ,9 ! next place1 he objects to ! /atem5t1 z if x 7 ma9ta9$ by u1 t 8,god w be able to d all ?+s10 n see+ ev5 "h h[ ^! words are meant1 & :at ! 8all ?+s0 are :i* are includ$ 9 x1 & h[ x is said t ,god 8w be able40 ,b on ^! matt]s x is n necess>y n[ to speak2 = al?\gh he might ) a %[ ( reason h oppos$ ?is proposition1 he has n done s4 ,p]haps he did n und]/& ! argum5ts :i* might be plausibly us$ aga9/ x1 or if he did1 he saw ! answ]s t might be return$4 ,n[ 9 our judgm5t ,god c d ev]y?+ :i* x is possible = ,him to d )\t ceas+ to be ,god1 & good1 & wise4 ,b ,celsus ass]ts--n compreh5d+ ! mean+ ( ! expression 8,god c d all ?+s0--8t ,he w n desire to d any?+ wick$10 admitt+ t ,he has ! p[]1 b n ! w1 to commit evil4 ,we1 on ! contr>y1 ma9ta9 t z t :i* by nature possesses ! prop]ty ( sweet5+ o!r ?+s ?r\gh its own inh]5t sweetness _c produce bitt]ness contr>y to its own peculi> nature1#dea nor t ^: nature x is to produce light ?r\gh its be+ light c cause d>kness2 s nei!r is ,god able to commit wick$ness1 = ! p[] ( do+ evil is contr>y to ,8 deity & its omnipot5ce4 ,:]eas if any "o among exi/+ ?+s is able to commit wick$ness f be+ incl9$ to wick$ness by nature1 x does s f n hav+ 9 its nature ! ability n to d evil4 ,footnote #dea3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxi4 ,he next assumes :at is n grant$ by ! m rational class ( believ]s1 b :at p]haps is consid]$ to be true by "s :o are devoid ( intellig5ce1--viz4 t 8,god1 l ^? :o are ov]come ) pity1 be+ ,himself ov]come1 alleviates ! suff]+s ( ! wick$ ?r\gh pity = _! wail+s1 & ca/s (f ! good1 :o d no?+ ( t k9d1 :i* is ! height ( inju/ice40 ,n[1 9 our judgm5t1 ,god light5s ! suff]+ ( no wick$ man :o has n betak5 himself to a virtu\s life1 & ca/s (f no "o :o is already good1 nor yet alleviates ! suff]+ ( any "o :o m\rns1 simply because he utt]s lam5tation1 or takes pity ^u him1 to use ! ^w pity 9 its m common acceptation4#deb ,b ^? :o h pass$ sev]e condemnation ^u !mselves because ( _! s9s1 & :o1 z on t acc\nt1 lam5t & bewail !mselves z lo/1 s f> z _! previ\s conduct is conc]n$1 & :o h manife/$ a satisfactory *ange1 are receiv$ by ,god on acc\nt ( _! rep5tance1 z ^? :o h und]gone a trans=mation f a life ( great wick$ness4 ,= virtue1 tak+ up h] abode 9 ! s\ls ( ^! p]sons1 & expell+ ! wick$ness :i* _h previ\s possession ( !m1 produces an oblivion ( ! pa/4 ,& ev5 al?\gh virtue d n effect an entrance1 yet if a consid]able progress take place 9 ! s\l1 ev5 t is suffici5t1 9 ! proportion t x is progressive1 to drive out & de/roy ! flood ( wick$ness1 s t x almo/ ceases to rema9 9 ! s\l4 ,footnote #deb3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxii4 ,9 ! next place1 speak+ z 9 ! p]son ( a tea*] ( our doctr9e1 he expresses himself z foll[s3 8,wise m5 reject :at we say1 be+ l$ into error1 & ensn>$ by _! wisdom40 ,9 reply to :i* we say t1 s9ce wisdom is ! k ( div9e & human ?+s & ( _! causes1 or1 z x is def9$ by ! ^w ( ,god1 8! brea? ( ! p[] ( ,god1 & a pure influ5ce fl[+ f ! glory ( ! ,almighty1 & ! brightness ( ! ev]la/+ light1 & ! unspott$ mirror ( ! p[] ( ,god1 & ! image ( ,8 goodness10#dec no "o :o 0 really wise w\ld reject :at is said by a ,*ri/ian acqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 or w\ld be l$ into error1 or ensn>$ by x4 ,= true wisdom does n mislead1 b ignorance does1 :ile ( exi/+ ?+s k alone is p]man5t1 & ! tru? :i* is d]iv$ f wisdom4 ,b if1 contr>y to ! def9ition ( wisdom1 y call any "o :atev] :o dogmatizes ) sophi/ical op9ions wise1 we answ] t 9 con=mity ) :at y call wisdom1 su* an "o rejects ! words ( ,god1 be+ misl$ & ensn>$ by plausible sophisms4 ,& s9ce1 accord+ to our doctr9e1 wisdom is n ! k ( evil1 b ! k ( evil1 s to speak1 is 9 ^? :o hold false op9ions & :o are deceiv$ by !m1 ,i w\ld !re=e 9 su* p]sons t]m x ignorance r ?an wisdom4 ,footnote #dec3 ,cf4 ,wisd4 ( ,solom4 vii4 #be1 #bf4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiii4 ,aft] ?is he aga9 sl&]s ! ambassador ( ,*ri/ianity1 & gives out reg>d+ him t he relates 8ridicul\s ?+s10 al?\gh he does n %[ or cle>ly po9t out :at are ! ?+s :i* he calls 8ridicul\s40 ,& 9 8 sl&]s he says t 8no wise man believes ! gospel1 be+ driv5 away by ! multitudes :o adh]e to x40 ,& 9 ?is he acts l "o :o %\ld say t ow+ to ! multitude ( ^? ignorant p]sons :o are br\ght into subjection to ! laws1 no wise man w\ld yield ob$i5ce to ,solon1 = example1 or to ,lycurgus1 or ,zaleucus1 or any o!r legislator1 & especially if by wise man he means "o :o is wise by liv+ 9 con=mity ) virtue4 ,=1 z ) reg>d to ^! ignorant p]sons1 ! legislators1 accord+ to _! ideas ( utility1 caus$ !m to be surr\nd$ ) appropriate guidance & laws1 s ,god1 legislat+ ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ = m5 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 br+s to ,himself ev5 ^? :o are n wise 9 ! way 9 :i* x is possible = su* p]sons to be br\ght to a bett] life4 ,& ,god1 well kn[+ ?is1 z we h already %[n 9 ! prec$+ pages1 says 9 ! books ( ,moses3 8,!y h mov$ me to jeal\sy ) t :i* is n ,god2 !y h provok$ me to ang] ) _! idols3 & ,i w move !m to jeal\sy ) ^? :i* are n a p2 ,i w provoke !m to ang] ) a fooli% nation40#ded ,& ,paul also1 kn[+ ?is1 said1 8,b ,god ha? *os5 ! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise10#dee call+1 9 a g5]al way1 wise all :o appe> to h made advances 9 k1 b h fall5 into an a!i/ic poly!ism1 s9ce 8pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise !y became fools1 & *ang$ ! glory ( ! incorruptible ,god into an image made l to corruptible man1 & to birds1 & f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s40#def ,footnote #ded3 ,cf4 ,deut4 xxxii4 #ba4 ,footnote #dee3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #bg4 ,footnote #def3 ,rom4 i4 #bb1 #bc4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiv4 ,he accuses ! ,*ri/ian tea*]1 moreov]1 ( 8seek+ aft] ! un9tellig5t40 ,9 answ]1 we ask1 ,:om d y mean by ! 8un9tellig5t80 ,=1 to speak accurately1 e wick$ man is 8un9tellig5t40 ,if !n by 8un9tellig5t0 y mean ! wick$1 d y1 9 draw+ m5 to philosophy1 seek to ga9 ! wick$ or ! virtu\s8#deg ,b x is impossible to ga9 ! virtu\s1 because !y h already giv5 !mselves to philosophy4 ,! wick$1 !n1 y try to ga92 b if !y are wick$1 are !y 8un9tellig5t80 ,& _m su* y seek to w9 ov] to philosophy1 & y !re=e seek ! 8un9tellig5t40 ,b if ,i seek aft] ^? :o are ?us t]m$ 8un9tellig5t10 ,i act l a b5evol5t physician1 :o %\ld seek aft] ! sick 9 ord] to help & cure !m4 ,if1 h[ev]1 by 8un9tellig5t0 y mean p]sons :o are n clev]1#deh b ! inf]ior class ( m5 intellectually1#dei ,i %all answ] t ,i endeav\r to improve su* also to ! be/ ( my ability1 al?\gh ,i w\ld n desire to build up ! ,*ri/ian community out ( su* mat]ials4 ,= ,i seek 9 pref]5ce ^? :o are m clev] & acute1 because !y are able to compreh5d ! mean+ ( ! h>d say+s1 & ( ^? passages 9 ! law1 & prophecies1 & ,gospels1 :i* are express$ ) obscurity1 & :i* y h despis$ z n conta9+ any?+ wor?y ( notice1 because y h n asc]ta9$ ! mean+ :i* !y conta91 nor tri$ to ent] into ! aim ( ! writ]s4 ,footnote #deg3 4 ,footnote #deh3 4 ,footnote #dei3 ,! read+ 9 ! text is 1 ( :i* ,ruu rem>ks1 8,hic nullum habet locum40 has be5 conjectur$ in/ead1 & has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,*apt] ,,lxxv4 ,b z he aft]w>ds says t 8! tea*] ( ,*ri/ianity acts l a p]son :o promises to re/ore pati5ts to bodily heal?1 b :o prev5ts !m f consult+ skill$ physicians1 by :om 8 ignorance w\ld be expos$10 we %all inquire 9 reply1 8,:at are ! physicians to :om y ref]1 f :om we turn away ignorant individuals8 ,= y d n suppose t we exhort ^? to embrace ! gospel :o are devot$ to philosophy1 s t y w\ld reg>d ! latt] z ! physicians f :om we keep away su* z we invite to come to ! ^w ( ,god40 ,he inde$ w make no answ]1 because he _c "n ! physicians2 or else he w be oblig$ to betake himself to ^? ( !m :o are ignorant1 & :o ( _! own accord s]vilely yield !mselves to ! wor%ip ( _m gods1 & to :atev] o!r op9ions are ent]ta9$ by ignorant individuals4 ,9 ei!r case1 !n1 he w be %[n to h employ$ to no purpose 9 8 argum5t ! illu/ration ( 8"o :o keeps o!rs away f skill$ physicians40 ,b if1 9 ord] to pres]ve f ! philosophy ( ,epicurus1 & f su* z are consid]$ physicians aft] 8 sy/em1 ^? :o are deceiv$ by !m1 :y %\ld we n be act+ mo/ reasonably 9 keep+ su* away f a dang]\s disease caus$ by ! physicians ( ,celsus1--t1 viz41 :i* leads to ! annihilation ( provid5ce1 & ! introduction ( pleasure z a good8 ,b let x be conc$$ t we d keep away ^? :om we enc\rage to become our disciples f o!r philosoph]-physicians1--f ! ,p]ipatetics1 = example1 :o d5y ! exi/5ce ( provid5ce & ! relation ( ,deity to man1--:y %all we n pi\sly#dfj tra9 & heal ^? :o h be5 ?us enc\rag$1 p]suad+ !m to devote !mselves to ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & free ^? :o yield ob$i5ce to u f ! great w\nds inflict$ by ! words ( su* z are deem$ to be philosoph]s8 ,nay1 let x also be admitt$ t we turn away f physicians ( ! sect ( ! ,/oics1 :o introduce a corruptible god1 & ass]t t 8 ess5ce consi/s ( a body1 :i* is capable ( be+ *ang$ & alt]$ 9 all its p>ts1#dfa & :o also ma9ta9 t all ?+s w "o day p]i%1 & t ,god alone w be left2 :y %all we n ev5 ?us emancipate our subjects f evils1 & br+ !m by pi\s argum5ts to devote !mselves to ! ,creator1 & to admire ! ,fa!r ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 :o has s arrang$ t in/ruction ( ! mo/ b5evol5t k9d1 & fitt$ = ! conv]sion ( s\ls1#dfb %\ld be di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole human race8 ,nay1 if we %\ld cure ^? :o h fall5 into ! folly ( believ+ 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls ?r\gh ! tea*+ ( physicians1 :o w h x t ! rational nature desc5ds sometimes into all k9ds ( irrational animals1 & sometimes into t /ate ( be+ :i* is incapable ( us+ ! imag9ation1#dfc :y %\ld we n improve ! s\ls ( our subjects by means ( a doctr9e :i* does n tea* t a /ate ( ins5sibility or irrationalism is produc$ 9 ! wick$ in/ead ( puni%m5t1 b :i* %[s t ! lab\rs & *a/isem5ts inflict$ ^u ! wick$ by ,god are a k9d ( m$ic9es lead+ to conv]sion8 ,= ^? :o are intellig5t ,*ri/ians1#dfd keep+ ?is 9 view1 deal ) ! simple-m9d$1 z p>5ts d ) v "y#dfe *ildr54 ,we d n betake ourselves !n to "y p]sons & silly ru/ics1 say+ to !m1 8,flee f physicians40 ,nor d we say1 8,see t none ( y lay hold ( k20 nor d we ass]t t 8k is an evil20 nor are we mad en\gh to say t 8k causes m5 to lose _! s\ndness ( m9d40 ,we w\ld n ev5 say t any "o ev] p]i%$ ?r\gh wisdom2 & al?\gh we give in/ruction1 we nev] say1 8,give he$ to me10 b 8,give he$ to ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & to ,jesus1 ! giv] ( in/ruction conc]n+ ,him40 ,& none ( u is s great a bragg>t#dff z to say :at ,celsus put 9 ! m\? ( "o ( our tea*]s to 8 acqua9tances1 8,i alone w save y40 ,obs]ve "h ! lies :i* he utt]s aga9/ u6 ,moreov]1 we d n ass]t t 8true physicians de/roy ^? :om !y promise to cure40 ,footnote #dfj3 ,= 9 ! text1 ,boh]ellus conjectures 4 ,footnote #dfa3 1 1 4 ,footnote #dfb3 ,! words 9 ! text are1 1 1 = :i* we h adopt$ 9 ! translation ! em5dation ( ,boh]ellus1 4 ,footnote #dfc3 1 1 4 ,footnote #dfd3 ,in/ead ( 1 z 9 ! text1 ,ruu & ,boh]ellus conjecture 1 etc4 ,footnote #dfe3 4 ,footnote #dff3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxvi4 ,& he produces a second illu/ration to our disadvantage1 say+ t 8our tea*] acts l a drunk5 man1 :o1 ent]+ a company ( drunk>ds1 %\ld accuse ^? :o are sob] ( be+ drunk40 ,b let him %[1 say f ! writ+s ( ,paul1 t ! apo/le ( ,jesus gave way to drunk5ness1 & t 8 words 7 n ^? ( sob]ness2 or f ! writ+s ( ,john1 t 8 ?\ghts d n brea! a _s ( temp]ance & ( fre$om f ! intoxication ( evil4 ,no "o1 !n1 :o is ( s\nd m9d1 & tea*es ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 gets drunk ) w9e2 b ,celsus utt]s ^! calumnies aga9/ u 9 a _s v unlike t ( a philosoph]4 ,moreov]1 let ,celsus say :o ^? 8sob]0 p]sons are :om ! ambassadors ( ,*ri/ianity accuse4 ,= 9 our judgm5t all are intoxicat$ :o address !mselves to inanimate objects z to ,god4 ,& :y d ,i say 8intoxicat$80 8,insane0 w\ld be ! m appropriate ^w = ^? :o ha/5 to temples & wor%ip images or animals z div9ities4 ,& !y too are n less insane :o ?9k t images1 fa%ion$ by m5 ( wor?less & sometimes mo/ wick$ "*1 conf] any hon\r ^u g5u9e div9ities4 ,*apt] ,,lxxvii4 ,he next lik5s our tea*] to "o suff]+ f oph?almia1 & 8 disciples to ^? suff]+ f ! same disease1 & says t 8su* an "o among/ a company ( ^? :o are afflict$ ) oph?almia1 accuses ^? :o are %>p-sight$ ( be+ bl9d40 ,:o1 !n1 w\ld we ask1 ,o ,greeks1 are !y :o 9 our judgm5t d n see1 save ^? :o are unable to look up f ! exce$+ greatness ( ! _w & its cont5ts1 & f ! beauty ( creat$ ?+s1 & to see t !y ought to wor%ip1 & admire1 & rev]5ce ,him alone :o made ^! ?+s1 & t x is n befitt+ to treat ) rev]5ce any?+ contriv$ by man1 & appli$ to ! hon\r ( ,god1 :e!r x be )\t a ref]5ce to ! ,creator1 or ) "o8#dfg ,=1 to comp>e ) t illimitable excell5ce1 :i* surpasses all creat$ be+1 ?+s :i* ought n to be br\ght into comp>ison ) x1 is ! act ( ^? ^: und]/&+ is d>k5$4 ,we d n !n say t ^? :o are %>p-sight$ are suff]+ f oph?almia or bl9dness2 b we ass]t t ^? :o1 9 ignorance ( ,god1 give !mselves to temples & images1 & s-call$ sacr$ seasons1#dfh are bl9d$ 9 _! m9ds1 & especially :51 9 addition to _! impiety1 !y live also 9 lic5ti\sness1 n ev5 inquir+ aft] any hon\rable "w :atev]1 b do+ ev]y?+ t is ( a disgraceful "*4 ,footnote #dfg3 ' 4 ,footnote #dfh3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxviii4 ,aft] hav+ br\ght aga9/ u *>ges ( s s]i\s a k9d1 he wi%es to make x appe> t1 al?\gh he has o!rs to adduce1 he passes !m by 9 sil5ce4 ,8 words are z foll[3 8,^! *>ges ,i h to br+ aga9/ !m1 & o!rs ( a simil> nature1 n to enum]ate !m "o by "o1 & ,i affirm t !y are 9 error1 & t !y act insol5tly t[>ds ,god1 9 ord] to lead on wick$ m5 by empty hopes1 & to p]suade !m to despise bett] ?+s1 say+ t if !y refra9 f !m x w be bett] = !m40 ,9 answ] to :i*1 x might be said t f ! p[] :i* %[s itself 9 ^? :o are conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 x is n at all ! 8wick$0 :o are won ov] to ! gospel1 z ! m simple class ( p]sons1 &1 z _m w\ld t]m !m1 ! 8unpoli%$40#dfi ,= su* individuals1 ?r\gh fe> ( ! puni%m5ts t are ?reat5$1 :i* ar\ses & exhorts !m to refra9 f ^? actions :i* are foll[$ by puni%m5ts1 /rive to yield !mselves up to ! ,*ri/ian religion1 be+ influ5c$ by ! p[] ( ! ^w to su* a degree1 t ?r\gh fe> ( :at are call$ 9 ! ^w 8ev]la/+ puni%m5ts10 !y despise all ! tortures :i* are devis$ aga9/ !m among m51--ev5 dea? itself1 ) c\ntless o!r evils1--:i* no wise man w\ld say is ! act ( p]sons ( wick$ m9d4 ,h[ c temp]ance & sob]-m9d$ness1 or b5evol5ce & lib]ality1 be practis$ by a man ( wick$ m9d8 ,nay1 ev5 ! fe> ( ,god _c be felt by su* an "o1 ) respect to :i*1 because x is useful to ! _m1 ! gospel enc\rages ^? :o are n yet able to *oose t :i* ought to be *os5 = its own sake1 to select x z ! greate/ bless+1 & "o above all promise2 = ?is pr9ciple _c be implant$ 9 him :o pref]s to live 9 wick$ness4 ,footnote #dfi3 ,! read+ 9 ! text is 1 :i* is s oppos$ to ! s5se ( ! passage1 t ! conjecture ( ,guietus1 1 has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,*apt] ,,lxxix4 ,b if 9 ^! matt]s any "o 7 to imag9e t x is sup]/ition r ?an wick$ness :i* appe>s 9 ! multitude ( ^? :o believe ! ^w1 & %\ld *>ge our doctr9e ) mak+ m5 sup]/iti\s1 we %all answ] him by say+ t1 z a c]ta9 legislator repli$ to ! "q ( "o :o ask$ him :e!r he _h enact$ = 8 citiz5s ! be/ laws1 t he _h n giv5 !m absolutely ! be/1 b ! be/ :i* !y 7 capable ( receiv+2 s x might be said by ! ,fa!r ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 ,i h giv5 ! be/ laws & in/ruction = ! improvem5t ( morals ( :i* ! _m 7 capable1 n ?reat5+ s9n]s ) imag9>y lab\rs & *a/isem5ts1 b ) su* z are real1 & necess>y to be appli$ = ! correction ( ^? :o (f] resi/ance1 al?\gh !y d n at all und]/& ! object ( him :o inflicts ! puni%m5t1 nor ! effect ( ! lab\rs4 ,= ! doctr9e ( puni%m5t is bo? att5d$ ) utility1 & is agreeable to tru?1 & is /at$ 9 obscure t]ms ) advantage4 ,moreov]1 z = ! mo/ "p x is n ! wick$ :om ! ambassadors ( ,*ri/ianity ga9 ov]1 nei!r d we insult ,god4 ,= we speak reg>d+ ,him bo? :at is true1 & :at appe>s to be cle> to ! multitude1 b n s cle> to !m z x is to ^? few :o inve/igate ! tru?s ( ! gospel 9 a philosophical mann]4 ,*apt] ,,lxxx4 ,see+1 h[ev]1 t ,celsus alleges t 8,*ri/ians are won ov] by u ?r\gh va9 hopes10 we ?us reply to him :5 he f9ds fault ) our doctr9e ( ! bless$ life1 & ( communion ) ,god3 8,z = y1 good sir1 !y also are won ov] by va9 hopes :o h accept$ ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras & ,plato reg>d+ ! s\l1 t x is its nature to asc5d to ! vault#dgj ( heav51 & 9 ! sup]-cele/ial space to behold ! sights :i* are se5 by ! bless$ spectators above40 ,accord+ to y1 ,o ,celsus1 !y also :o h accept$ ! doctr9e ( ! duration ( ! s\l aft] dea?1 & :o lead a life ?r\gh :i* !y become h]oes1 & make _! abodes ) ! gods1 are won ov] by va9 hopes4 ,probably also !y :o are p]suad$ t ! s\l comes into ! body f )\t1 & t x w be )drawn f ! p[] ( dea?1#dga w\ld be said by ,celsus to be won ov] by empty hopes4 ,let him !n come =? to ! conte/1 no long] conceal+ ! sect to :i* he belongs1 b confess+ himself to be an ,epicurean1 & let him meet ! argum5ts1 :i* are n lightly advanc$ among ,greeks & b>b>ians1 reg>d+ ! immortality ( ! s\l1 or its duration aft] dea?1 or ! immortality ( ! ?9k+ pr9ciple2#dgb & let him prove t ^! are words :i* deceive ) empty hopes ^? :o give _! ass5t to !m2 b t ! adh]5ts ( 8 philosophical sy/em are pure f empty hopes1 & t !y inde$ lead to hopes ( good1 or--:at is m 9 keep+ ) 8 op9ions--give bir? to no hope at all1 on acc\nt ( ! imm$iate & complete de/ruction ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,unless1 p]haps1 ,celsus & ! ,epicureans w d5y t x is a va9 hope :i* !y ent]ta9 reg>d+ _! end1--pleasure1--:i*1 accord+ to !m1 is ! supreme good1 & :i* consi/s 9 ! p]man5t heal? ( ! body1 & ! hope reg>d+ x :i* is ent]ta9$ by ,epicurus4#dgc ,footnote #dgj3 4 ,footnote #dga3 1 1 etc4 ,locus c]te obscurus1 cui lucem aff]re conatur ,boh]ellus1 leg5do divisim 1 ut s5sus sit 8morti etiam m5tem subductum iri40 ,nam si 1 consequ5s e/ ut 4 ,cf4 ,ari/ot4 lib4 ii4 c4 #c1 de g5]atione animalium4--,,sp5c]4 ,footnote #dgb3 4 ,footnote #dgc3 1 ' 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxi4 ,& d n suppose t x is n 9 keep+ ) ! ,*ri/ian religion = me to h accept$1 aga9/ ,celsus1 ! op9ions ( ^? philosoph]s :o h treat$ ( ! immortality or aft]-duration ( ! s\l2 =1 hold+ c]ta9 views 9 common ) !m1 we %all m conv5i5tly e/abli% our position1 t ! future life ( bless$ness %all be = ^? only :o h accept$ ! religion :i* is accord+ to ,jesus1 & t devotion t[>ds ! ,creator ( all ?+s :i* is pure & s9c]e1 & unm+l$ ) any creat$ ?+ :atev]4 ,& let him :o likes %[ :at 8bett] ?+s0 we p]suade m5 to despise1 & let him comp>e ! bless$ end ) ,god 9 ,*ri/1--t is1 ! ^w1 & ! wisdom1 & all virtue1--:i*1 accord+ to our view1 %all be be/[$1 by ! gift ( ,god1 on ^? :o h liv$ a pure & blameless life1 & :o h felt a s+le & undivid$ love = ! ,god ( all ?+s1 ) t end :i* is to foll[ accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ea* philosophic sect1 :e!r x be ,greek or b>b>ian1 or accord+ to ! pr(essions ( religi\s my/]ies2#dgd & let him prove t ! end :i* is pr$ict$ by any ( ! o!rs is sup]ior to t :i* we promise1 & consequ5tly t t is true1 & ours n befitt+ ! gift ( ,god1 nor ^? :o h liv$ a good life2 or let him prove t ^! words 7 n spok5 by ! div9e ,_s1 :o fill$ ! s\ls ( ! holy prophets4 ,& let him :o likes %[ t ^? words :i* are ackn[l$g$ among all m5 to be human1 are sup]ior to ^? :i* are prov$ to be div9e1 & utt]$ by inspiration4 ,& :at are ! 8bett]0 ?+s f :i* we tea* ^? :o receive !m t x w\ld be bett] to ab/a98 ,= if x be n arrogant s to speak1 x is self-evid5t t no?+ c be d5i$ :i* is bett] ?an to entru/ oneself to ! ,god ( all1 & yield oneself up to ! doctr9e :i* raises u above all creat$ ?+s1 & br+s u1 ?r\gh ! animate & liv+ ^w--:i* is also liv+ wisdom & ! ,son ( ,god--to ,god :o is ov] all4 ,h[ev]1 z ! ?ird book ( our answ]s to ! treatise ( ,celsus has ext5d$ to a suffici5t l5g?1 we %all "h br+ our pres5t rem>ks to a close1 & 9 :at is to foll[ %all meet :at ,celsus has subsequ5tly writt54 ,footnote #dgd3 ' 1 1 4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,hav+1 9 ! ?ree prec$+ books1 fully /at$ :at occurr$ to u by way ( answ] to ! treatise ( ,celsus1 we n[1 rev]5d ,ambrosius1 ) pray] to ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/1 (f] ?is f\r? book z a reply to :at foll[s4 ,& we pray t words may be giv5 u1 z x is writt5 9 ! book ( ,j]emiah t ! ,"l said to ! prophet3 8,behold1 ,i h put my words 9 ?y m\? z fire4 ,see1 ,i h set !e ?is day ov] ! nations1 & ov] ! k+doms1 to root out & to pull d[n1 & to de/roy1 & to ?r[ d[n1 & to build & to plant40#dge ,= we ne$ words n[ :i* w root out ( e w\nd$ s\l ! reproa*es utt]$ aga9/ ! tru? by ?is treatise ( ,celsus1 or :i* proce$ f op9ions l 84 ,& we ne$ also ?\ghts :i* w pull d[n all edifices bas$ on false op9ions1 & especially ! edifice rais$ by ,celsus 9 8 "w1 :i* resembles ! build+ ( ^? :o said1 8,come1 let u build u a city1 & a t[] ^: top %all rea* to heav540#dgf ,yea1 we ev5 require a wisdom :i* w ?r[ d[n all high ?+s t rise aga9/ ! k ( ,god1#dgg & especially t height ( arrogance :i* ,celsus displays aga9/ u4 ,& 9 ! next place1 z we mu/ n /op ) root+ out & pull+ d[n ! h9drances :i* h j be5 m5tion$1 b mu/1 9 room ( :at has be5 root$ out1 plant ! plants ( 8,god's husb&ry20#dgh & 9 place ( :at has be5 pull$ d[n1 re> up ! build+ ( ,god1 & ! temple ( ,8 glory1--we mu/ = t reason pray also to ! ,"l1 :o be/[$ ! gifts nam$ 9 ! book ( ,j]emiah1 t ,he may grant ev5 to u words adapt$ bo? = build+ up ! temple ( ,*ri/1 & = plant+ ! spiritual law1 & ! prophetic words ref]r+ to ! same4#dgi ,& above all is x necess>y to %[1 z aga9/ ! ass]tions ( ,celsus :i* foll[ ^? he has already made1 t ! prophecies reg>d+ ,*ri/ are true pr$ictions4 ,=1 array+ himself at ! same "t aga9/ bo? p>ties--aga9/ ! ,jews on ! "o h&1 :o d5y t ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ has tak5 place1 b :o expect x z future1 & aga9/ ,*ri/ians on ! o!r1 :o ackn[l$ge t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/ spok5 ( 9 prophecy--he makes ! foll[+ /atem5t3-- ,footnote #dge3 ,cf4 ,j]4 i4 #i1 #aj4 ,footnote #dgf3 ,cf4 ,g54 xi4 #d4 ,footnote #dgg3 ,cf4 #b ,cor4 x4 #e4 ,footnote #dgh3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 iii4 #i4 ,footnote #dgi3 4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 8,b t c]ta9 ,*ri/ians & all ,jews %\ld ma9ta91 ! =m] t !re has already desc5d$1 ! latt] t !re w desc5d1 ^u ! e>? a c]ta9 ,god1 or ,son ( a ,god1 :o w make ! inhabitants ( ! e>? righte\s1#dhj is a mo/ %ameless ass]tion1 & "o ! refutation ( :i* does n ne$ _m words40 ,n[ "h he appe>s to pron\nce correctly reg>d+ n 8c]ta90 ( ! ,jews1 b all ( !m1 t !y imag9e t !re is a c]ta9 ,god :o w desc5d ^u ! e>?2 & ) reg>d to ,*ri/ians1 t c]ta9 ( !m say t he has already come d[n4 ,= he means ^? :o prove f ! ,jewi% ,scriptures t ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ has already tak5 place1 & he seems to "k t !re are c]ta9 h]etical sects :i* d5y t ,*ri/ ,jesus 0 pr$ict$ by ! prophets4 ,9 ! prec$+ pages1 h[ev]1 we h already discuss$1 to ! be/ ( our ability1 ! "q ( ,*ri/ hav+ be5 ! subject ( prophecy1 & !re=e1 to avoid tautology1 we d n repeat mu* t might be advanc$ ^u ?is head4 ,obs]ve1 n[1 t if he _h wi%$ ) a k9d ( app>5t =ce#dha to subv]t fai? 9 ! prophetic writ+s1 ei!r ) reg>d to ! future or pa/ adv5t ( ,*ri/1 he ought to h set =? ! prophecies !mselves :i* we ,*ri/ians & ,jews quote 9 our discussions ) ea* o!r4 ,= 9 ?is way he w\ld h appe>$ to turn aside ^? :o are c>ri$ away by ! plausible "*#dhb ( ! prophetic /atem5ts1 z he reg>ds x1 f ass5t+ to _! tru?1 & f believ+1 on acc\nt ( ^! prophecies1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/2 :]eas n[1 be+ unable to answ] ! prophecies relat+ to ,*ri/1 or else n kn[+ at all :at are ! prophecies relat+ to ,him1 he br+s =w>d no prophetic decl>ation1 al?\gh !re are c\ntless numb]s :i* ref] to ,*ri/2 b he ?9ks t he pref]s an accusation aga9/ ! prophetic ,scriptures1 :ile he does n ev5 /ate :at he himself w\ld call _! 8plausible "*60 ,he is n1 h[ev]1 aw>e t x is n at all ! ,jews :o say t ,*ri/ w desc5d z a ,god1 or ! ,son ( a ,god1 z we h %[n 9 ! =ego+ pages4 ,& :5 he ass]ts t 8he is said by u to h already come1 b by ! ,jews t 8 adv5t z ,messiah#dhc is /ill future10 he appe>s by ! v *>ge to c5sure our /atem5t z "o t is mo/ %ameless1 & :i* ne$s no l5g!n$ refutation4 ,footnote #dhj3 4 ,footnote #dha3 4 ,footnote #dhb3 4 ,footnote #dhc3 1 n 4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,& he cont9ues3 8,:at is ! mean+ ( su* a desc5t ^u ! "p ( ,god80 n obs]v+ t1 accord+ to our tea*+1 ! mean+ ( ! desc5t is pre-em95tly to conv]t :at are call$ 9 ! ,gospel ! lo/ 8%eep ( ! h\se ( ,israel20 & secondly1 to take away f !m1 on acc\nt ( _! disob$i5ce1 :at is call$ ! 8k+dom ( ,god10 & to give to o!r husb&m5 ?an ! anci5t ,jews1 viz4 to ! ,*ri/ians1 :o w r5d] to ,god ! fruits ( ,8 k+dom 9 due season 7ea* action be+ a 8fruit ( ! k+dom074#dhd ,we %all !re=e1 out ( a great] numb]1 select a few rem>ks by way ( answ] to ! "q ( ,celsus1 :5 he says1 8,:at is ! mean+ ( su* a desc5t ^u ! "p ( ,god80 ,& ,celsus "h returns to himself an answ] :i* w\ld h be5 giv5 nei!r by ,jews nor by u1 :5 he asks1 8,0 x 9 ord] to le>n :at goes on among/ m580 ,= n "o ( u ass]ts t x 0 9 ord] to le>n :at goes on among/ m5 t ,*ri/ ent]$ into ?is life4 ,imm$iately aft]1 h[ev]1 z if "s w\ld reply t x 0 89 ord] to le>n :at goes on among m510 he makes ?is objection to 8 own /atem5t3 8,does he n "k all ?+s80 ,!n1 z if we 7 to answ] t ,he does "k all ?+s1 he raises a new "q1 say+1 8,!n he does "k1 b does n make m5 bett]1 nor is x possible = him by means ( 8 div9e p[] to make m5 bett]40 ,n[ all ?is on 8 "p is silly talk2#dhe = ,god1 by means ( ,8 ^w1 :i* is cont9ually pass+ f g5]ation to g5]ation into holy s\ls1 & con/itut+ !m fri5ds ( ,god & prophets1 does improve ^? :o li/5 to ,8 words2 & by ! com+ ( ,*ri/ ,he improves1 ?r\gh ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ianity1 n ^? :o are unwill+1 b ^? :o h *os5 ! bett] life1 & t :i* is pleas+ to ,god4 ,i d n "k1 moreov]1 :at k9d ( improvem5t ,celsus wi%$ to take place :5 he rais$ ! objection1 ask+1 8,is x !n n possible = him1 by means ( 8 div9e p[]1 to make m5 bett]1 unless he s5d "s "o = t special purpose80#dhf ,w\ld he !n h ! improvem5t to take place by ,god's fill+ ! m9ds ( m5 ) new ideas1 remov+ at once ! inh]5t wick$ness1 & implant+ virtue 9 its /ead8#dhg ,ano!r p]son n[ w\ld inquire :e!r ?is 0 n inconsi/5t or impossible 9 ! v nature ( ?+s2 we1 h[ev]1 w\ld say1 8,grant x to be s1 & let x be possible40 ,:]e1 !n1 is our free w8#dhh & :at cr$it is !re 9 ass5t+ to ! tru?8 or h[ is ! rejection ( :at is false praisewor?y8 ,b ev5 if x 7 once grant$ t su* a c\rse 0 n only possible1 b c\ld be accompli%$ ) propriety by ,god1 :y w\ld n "o r inquire 7ask+ a "q l t ( ,celsus7 :y x 0 n possible = ,god1 by means ( ,8 div9e p[]1 to create m5 :o ne$$ no improvem5t1 b :o 7 ( !mselves virtu\s & p]fect1 evil be+ altoge!r non-exi/5t8 ,^! que/ions may p]plex ignorant & fooli% individuals1 b n him :o sees into ! nature ( ?+s2 = if y take away ! spontaneity ( virtue1 y de/roy its ess5ce4 ,b x w\ld ne$ an entire treatise to discuss ^! matt]s2 & on ?is subject ! ,greeks h express$ !mselves at great l5g? 9 _! works on provid5ce4 ,!y truly w\ld n say :at ,celsus has express$ 9 words1 t 8,god kn[s all ?+s inde$1 b does n make m5 bett]1 nor is able to d s by ,8 div9e p[]40 ,we ourselves h spok5 9 _m p>ts ( our writ+s on ^! po9ts to ! be/ ( our ability1 & ! ,holy ,scriptures h e/abli%$ ! same to ^? :o are able to und]/& !m4 ,footnote #dhd3 1 4 ,footnote #dhe3 4 ,footnote #dhf3 ,! ^w :i* is f\nd 9 ! text seems out ( place1 & has be5 omitt$ 9 ! translation1 agreeably to ! em5dation ( ,boh]ellus4 ,footnote #dhg3 1 1 1 2 ,footnote #dhh3 ' 2 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! argum5t :i* ,celsus employs aga9/ u & ! ,jews w be turn$ aga9/ himself ?us3 ,my good sir1 does ! ,god :o is ov] all ?+s "k :at takes place among m51 or does ,he n "k8 ,n[ if y admit ! exi/5ce ( a ,god & ( provid5ce1 z y\r treatise indicates1 ,he mu/ ( necessity "k4 ,& if ,he does "k1 :y does ,he n make m5 bett]8 ,is x obligatory1 !n1 on u to def5d ,god's proc$ure 9 n mak+ m5 bett]1 al?\gh ,he kn[s _! /ate1 b n equally b9d+ on y1 :o d n di/9ctly %[ by y\r treatise t y are an ,epicurean1 b pret5d to recognise a provid5ce1 to expla9 :y ,god1 al?\gh kn[+ all t takes place among m51 does n make !m bett]1 nor by div9e p[] lib]ate all m5 f evil8 ,we are n a%am$1 h[ev]1 to say t ,god is con/antly s5d+ in/ructors 9 ord] to make m5 bett]2 = !re are to be f\nd among/ m5 reasons#dhi giv5 by ,god :i* exhort !m to ent] on a bett] life4 ,b !re are _m div]sities among/ ^? :o s]ve ,god1 & !y are few 9 numb] :o are p]fect & pure ambassadors ( ! tru?1 & :o produce a complete re=mation1 z did ,moses & ! prophets4 ,b above all ^!1 great 0 ! re=mation effect$ by ,jesus1 :o desir$ to heal n only ^? :o liv$ 9 "o corn] ( ! _w1 b z f> z 9 ,him lay1 m5 9 e c\ntry1 = ,he came z ! ,savi\r ( all m54 ,footnote #dhi3 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,! illu/ri\s#dij ,celsus1 tak+ occasion ,i "k n f :at1 next raises an additional objection aga9/ u1 z if we ass]t$ t 8,god ,himself w come d[n to m540 ,he imag9es also t x foll[s f ?is1 t 8,he has left ,8 own abode20 = he does n "k ! p[] ( ,god1 & t 8! ,_s ( ! ,"l fille? ! _w1 & t :i* upholde? all ?+s ha? k ( ! voice40#dia ,nor is he able to und]/& ! words1 8,d ,i n fill heav5 & e>?8 sai? ! ,"l40#dib ,nor does he see t1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ianity1 we all 89 ,him live1 & move1 & h our be+10#dic z ,paul also taught 9 8 address to ! ,a!nians2 & !re=e1 al?\gh ! ,god ( ! univ]se %\ld ?r\gh ,8 own p[] desc5d ) ,jesus into ! life ( m51 & al?\gh ! ,^w :i* 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god1 :i* is also ,god ,himself1 %\ld come to u1 ,he does n give ,8 place or vacate ,8 own seat1 s t "o place %\ld be empty ( ,him1 & ano!r :i* did n =m]ly conta9 ,him be fill$4 ,b ! p[] & div9ity ( ,god comes ?r\gh him :om ,god *ooses1 & resides 9 him 9 :om x f9ds a place1 n *ang+ its situation1 nor leav+ its own place empty & fill+ ano!r3 =1 9 speak+ ( ,8 quitt+ "o place & occupy+ ano!r1 we d n mean su* expressions to be tak5 topically2 b we say t ! s\l ( ! bad man1 & ( him :o is ov]:elm$ 9 wick$ness1 is ab&on$ by ,god1 :ile we mean t ! s\l ( him :o wi%es to live virtu\sly1 or ( him :o is mak+ progress 9 a virtu\s life1 or :o is already liv+ con=mably !reto1 is fill$ ) or becomes a p>tak] ( ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,x is n necess>y1 !n1 = ! desc5t ( ,*ri/1 or = ! com+ ( ,god to m51 t ,he %\ld ab&on a great] seat1 & t ?+s on e>? %\ld be *ang$1 z ,celsus imag9es :5 he says1 8,if y 7 to *ange a s+le "o1 ev5 ! lea/1 ( ?+s on e>?1 all ?+s w\ld be ov]turn$ & disappe>40 ,& if we mu/ speak ( a *ange 9 any "o by ! appe>+ ( ! p[] ( ,god1 & by ! entrance ( ! ^w among m51 we %all n be reluctant to speak ( *ang+ f a wick$ to a virtu\s1 f a dissolute to a temp]ate1 & f a sup]/iti\s to a religi\s life1 ! p]son :o has all[$ ! ^w ( ,god to f9d entrance into 8 s\l4 ,footnote #dij3 4 ,footnote #dia3 ,wisd4 ,solom4 i4 #g1 4 ,footnote #dib3 ,cf4 ,j]4 xxiii4 #bd4 ,footnote #dic3 ,cf4 ,acts xvii4 #bh4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,b if y w h u to meet ! mo/ ridicul\s among ! *>ges ( ,celsus1 li/5 to him :5 he says3 8,n[ ,god1 be+ unkn[n among/ m51 & deem+ himself on t acc\nt to h less ?an 8 due1#did w\ld desire to make himself kn[n1 & to make trial bo? ( ^? :o believe ^u him & ( ^? :o d n1 l ^? ( mank9d :o h rec5tly come into ! possession ( ri*es1 & :o make a display ( _! weal?2 & ?us !y te/ify to an excessive b v mortal ambition on ! "p ( ,god40#die ,we answ]1 !n1 t ,god1 n be+ kn[n by wick$ m51 w\ld desire to make ,himself kn[n1 n because ,he ?9ks t ,he meets ) less ?an ,8 due1 b because ! k ( ,him w free ! possessor f unhapp9ess4 ,nay1 n ev5 ) ! desire to try ^? :o d or :o d n believe ^u ,him1 does ,he1 by ,8 unspeakable & div9e p[]1 ,himself take up ,8 abode 9 c]ta9 individuals1 or s5d ,8 ,*ri/2 b ,he does ?is 9 ord] to lib]ate f all _! wret*$ness ^? :o d believe ^u ,him1 & :o accept ,8 div9ity1 & t ^? :o d n believe may no long] h ?is z a gr\nd ( excuse1 viz4 t _! unbelief is ! consequ5ce ( _! n hav+ he>d ! ^w ( in/ruction4 ,:at argum5t1 !n1 proves t x foll[s f our views t ,god1 accord+ to our repres5tations1 is 8l ^? ( mank9d :o h rec5tly come into ! possession ( ri*es1 & :o make a display ( _! weal?80 ,= ,god makes no display t[>ds u1 f a desire t we %\ld und]/& & consid] ,8 pre-em95ce2 b desir+ t ! bless$ness :i* results f ,8 be+ kn[n by u %\ld be implant$ 9 our s\ls1 ,he br+s x to pass ?r\gh ,*ri/1 & ,8 ev]-indwell+ ^w1 t we come to an intimate fell[%ip#dif ) ,him4 ,no mortal ambition1 !n1 does ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e te/ify z exi/+ on ! "p ( ,god4 ,footnote #did3 ' 4 ,footnote #die3 1 4 ,footnote #dif3 4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,i d n "k h[ x is1 t aft] ! fooli% rem>ks :i* he has made ^u ! subject :i* we h j be5 discuss+1 he %\ld add ! foll[+1 t 8,god does n desire to make himself kn[n = 8 own sake1 b because he wi%es to be/[ ^u u ! k ( himself = ! sake ( our salvation1 9 ord] t ^? :o accept x may become virtu\s & be sav$1 :ile ^? :o d n accept may be %[n to be wick$ & be puni%$40 ,& yet1 aft] mak+ su* a /atem5t1 he raises a new objection1 say+3 8,aft] s long a p]iod ( "t1#dig !n1 did ,god n[ be?9k himself ( mak+ m5 live righte\s lives1#dih b neglect to d s be=e80 ,to :i* we answ]1 t !re nev] 0 a "t :5 ,god did n wi% to make m5 live righte\s lives2 b ,he cont9ually ev9c$ ,8 c>e = ! improvem5t ( ! rational animal1#dii by af=d+ him occasions = ! ex]cise ( virtue4 ,= 9 e g5]ation ! wisdom ( ,god1 pass+ into ^? s\ls :i* x asc]ta9s to be holy1 conv]ts !m into fri5ds & prophets ( ,god4 ,& !re may be f\nd 9 ! sacr$ books ! names ( ^? :o 9 ea* g5]ation 7 holy1 & 7 recipi5ts ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 & :o /rove to conv]t _! contempor>ies s f> z 9 _! p[]4 ,footnote #dig3 4 ,footnote #dih3 4 ,footnote #dii3 4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,& x is n matt] ( surprise t 9 c]ta9 g5]ations !re h exi/$ prophets :o1 9 ! reception ( div9e influ5ce1#ejj surpass$1 by means ( _! /rong] & m p[]ful religi\s life1 o!r prophets :o 7 _! contempor>ies1 & o!rs also :o liv$ be=e & aft] !m4 ,& s x is n at all wond]ful t !re %\ld also h be5 a "t :5 some?+ ( surpass+ excell5ce#eja took up its abode among ! human race1 & :i* 0 di/+ui%$ above all t prec$$ or ev5 t foll[$ x4 ,b !re is an elem5t ( pr(\nd my/]y 9 ! acc\nt ( ^! ?+s1 & "o :i* is incapable ( be+ receiv$ by ! popul> und]/&+4 ,& 9 ord] t ^! difficulties %\ld be made to disappe>1 & t ! objections rais$ aga9/ ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ %\ld be answ]$--viz4 t1 8aft] s long a p]iod ( "t1 !n1 did ,god n[ be?9k himself ( mak+ m5 live righte\s lives1 b neglect to d s be=e80--x is necess>y to t\* ^u ! n>rative ( ! divisions ( ! nations1 & to make x evid5t :y x 01 t 8:5 ! ,mo/ ,high divid$ ! nations1 :5 ,he sep>at$ ! sons ( ,adam1 ,he set ! b\nds ( ! nations accord+ to ! numb] ( ! angels ( ,god1 & ! portion ( ! ,"l 0 ,8 p ,jacob1 ,israel ! cord ( ,8 inh]itance20#ejb & x w be necess>y to /ate ! reason :y ! bir? ( ea* man took place )9 ea* p>ticul> b\nd>y1 "u him :o obta9$ ! b\nd>y by lot1 & h[ x rightly happ5$ t 8! portion ( ! ,"l 0 ,8 p ,jacob1 & ,israel ! cord ( ,8 inh]itance10 & :y =m]ly ! portion ( ! ,"l 0 ,8 p ,jacob1 & ,israel ! cord ( ,8 inh]itance4 ,b ) respect to ^? :o come aft]1 x is said to ! ,savi\r by ! ,fa!r1 8,ask ( me1 & ,i w give ,!e ! hea!n = ,?9e inh]itance1 & ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? = ,?y possession40#ejc ,= !re are c]ta9 connect$ & relat$ reasons1 be>+ ^u ! diff]5t treatm5t ( human s\ls1 :i* are difficult to /ate & to inve/igate4#ejd ,footnote #ejj3 4 ,footnote #eja3 4 ,footnote #ejb3 ,deut4 xxxii4 #h1 #i 7accord+ to ! ,,lxx474 ,footnote #ejc3 ,cf4 ,ps4 ii4 #h4 ,footnote #ejd3 4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,!re came1 !n1 al?\gh ,celsus may n wi% to admit x1 aft] ! num]\s prophets :o 7 ! re=m]s ( t well-kn[n ,israel1 ! ,*ri/1 ! ,re=m] ( ! :ole _w1 :o did n ne$ to employ aga9/ m5 :ips1 & *a9s1 & tortures1 z 0 ! case "u ! =m] economy4 ,= :5 ! s[] w5t =? to s[1 ! doctr9e suffic$ to s[ ! ^w ev]y:]e4 ,b if !re is a "t com+ :i* w necess>ily circumscribe ! duration ( ! _w1 by reason ( its hav+ _h a beg9n+1 & if !re is to be an end to ! _w1 & aft] ! end a j judgm5t ( all ?+s1 x w be incumb5t on him :o treats ! decl>ations ( ! ,gospels philosophically1 to e/abli% ^! doctr9es by argum5ts ( all k9ds1 n only d]iv$ directly f ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 b also by inf]5ces d$ucible f !m2 :ile ! m num]\s & simpl] class ( believ]s1 & ^? :o are unable to compreh5d ! _m v>i$ aspects ( ! div9e wisdom1 mu/ entru/ !mselves to ,god1 & to ! ,savi\r ( our race1 & be cont5t$ ) ,8 8ipse dixit10#eje in/ead ( ?is or any o!r demon/ration :atev]4 ,footnote #eje3 4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,9 ! next place1 ,celsus1 z is 8 cu/om1 hav+ nei!r prov$ nor e/abli%$ any?+1 proce$s to say1 z if we talk$ ( ,god 9 a mann] t 0 nei!r holy nor pi\s1 t 8x is p]fectly manife/ t !y babble ab\t ,god 9 a way t is nei!r holy nor rev]5tial20 & he imag9es t we d ^! ?+s to excite ! a/oni%m5t ( ! ignorant1 & t we d n speak ! tru? reg>d+ ! necessity ( puni%m5ts = ^? :o h s9n$4 ,& accord+ly he lik5s u to ^? :o 89 ! ,bac*ic my/]ies introduce phantoms & objects ( t]ror40 ,) respect to ! my/]ies ( ,bac*us1 :e!r !re is any reliable acc\nt ( !m1 or none t is su*1 let ! ,greeks tell1 & let ,celsus & 8 boon-companions#ejf li/54 ,b we def5d our own proc$ure1 :5 we say t our object is to re=m ! human race1 ei!r by ! ?reats ( puni%m5ts :i* we are p]suad$ are necess>y = ! :ole _w1#ejg & :i* p]haps are n )\t use#ejh to ^? :o are to endure !m2 or by ! promises made to ^? :o h liv$ virtu\s lives1 & 9 :i* are conta9$ ! /atem5ts reg>d+ ! bless$ t]m9ation :i* is to be f\nd 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 res]v$ = ^? :o are wor?y ( becom+ ,8 subjects4 ,footnote #ejf3 4 ,footnote #ejg3 4 ,footnote #ejh3 4 ,on ,orig5's views respect+ rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 cf4 ,huet's ,orig5iana1 ,book ii4 "q xi4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,aft] ?is1 be+ desir\s to %[ t x is no?+ ei!r wond]ful or new :i* we /ate reg>d+ floods or conflagrations1 b t1 f misund]/&+ ! acc\nts ( ^! ?+s :i* are curr5t among ,greeks or b>b>\s nations1 we h accord$ our belief to our own ,scriptures :5 treat+ ( !m1 he writes z foll[s3 8,! belief has spread among !m1 f a misund]/&+ ( ! acc\nts ( ^! occurr5ces1 t aft] l5g!n$ cycles ( "t1 & ! returns & conjunctions ( planets1 conflagrations & floods are wont to happ51 & because aft] ! la/ flood1 :i* took place 9 ! "t ( ,deucalion1 ! lapse ( "t1 agreeably to ! vicissitude ( all ?+s1 requires a conflagration2 & ?is made !m give utt]ance to ! errone\s op9ion t ,god w desc5d1 br++ fire l a tortur]40 ,n[ 9 answ] to ?is we say1 t ,i d n und]/& h[ ,celsus1 :o has read a great deal1 & :o %[s t he has p]us$ _m hi/ories1 _h n 8 att5tion arre/$#eji by ! antiquity ( ,moses1 :o is relat$ by c]ta9 ,greek hi/orians to h liv$ ab\t ! "t ( ,ina*us ! son ( ,phoroneus1 & is ackn[l$g$ by ! ,egyptians to be a man ( great antiquity1 z well z by ^? :o h /udi$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,phnicians4 ,& any "o :o likes may p]use ! two books ( ,flavius ,josephus on ! antiquities ( ! ,jews1 9 ord] t he may see 9 :at way ,moses 0 m anci5t ?an ^? :o ass]t$ t floods & conflagrations take place 9 ! _w aft] long int]vals ( "t2 :i* /atem5t ,celsus alleges ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians to h misund]/ood1 &1 n compreh5d+ :at 0 said ab\t a conflagration1 to h decl>$ t 8,god w desc5d1 br++ fire l a tortur]40#eaj ,footnote #eji3 4 ,footnote #eaj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,:e!r1 !n1 !re are cycles ( "t1 & floods1 or conflagrations :i* occur p]iodically or n1 & :e!r ! ,scripture is aw>e ( ?is1 n only 9 _m passages1 b especially :]e ,solomon says1 8,:at is ! ?+ :i* ha? be58 ,ev5 t :i* %all be4 ,& :at is ! ?+ :i* ha? be5 done8 ,ev5 t :i* %all be done10#eaa etc4 etc41 belongs n to ! pres5t occasion to discuss4 ,= x is suffici5t only to obs]ve1 t ,moses & c]ta9 ( ! prophets1 be+ m5 ( v great antiquity1 did n receive f o!rs ! /atem5ts relat+ to ! future conflagration ( ! _w2 b1 on ! contr>y 7if we mu/ att5d to ! matt] ( "t#eab71 o!rs r misund]/&+ !m1 & n inquir+ accurately into _! /atem5ts1 inv5t$ ! fiction ( ! same ev5ts recurr+ at c]ta9 int]vals1 & diff]+ nei!r 9 _! ess5tial nor accid5tal qualities4#eac ,b we d n ref] ei!r ! deluge or ! conflagration to cycles & planet>y p]iods2 b ! cause ( !m we decl>e to be ! ext5sive preval5ce ( wick$ness1#ead & its consequ5t removal by a deluge or a conflagration4 ,& if ! voices ( ! prophets say t ,god 8comes d[n10 :o has said1 8,d ,i n fill heav5 & e>?8 sai? ! ,"l10#eae ! t]m is us$ 9 a figurative s5se4 ,= ,god 8comes d[n0 f ,8 own height & greatness :5 ,he arranges ! affairs ( m51 & especially ^? ( ! wick$4 ,& z cu/om leads m5 to say t tea*]s 8condesc5d0#eaf to *ildr51 & wise m5 to ^? y\?s :o h j betak5 !mselves to philosophy1 n by 8desc5d+0 9 a bodily mann]2 s1 if ,god is said any:]e 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures to 8come d[n10 x is und]/ood z spok5 9 con=mity ) ! usage :i* s employs ! ^w1 & 9 l mann] also ) ! expression 8g up40 ,footnote #eaa3 ,cf4 ,eccles4 i4 #i4 ,footnote #eab3 4 ,footnote #eac3 1 4 ,footnote #ead3 4 ,footnote #eae3 ,cf4 ,j]4 xiii4 #bd4 ,footnote #eaf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,b z x is 9 mock]y t ,celsus says we speak ( 8,god com+ d[n l a tortur] be>+ fire10 & ?us compels u unseasonably to inve/igate words ( deep] mean+1 we %all make a few rem>ks1 suffici5t to enable our he>]s to =m an idea#eag ( ! def5ce :i* disposes ( ! ridicule ( ,celsus aga9/ u1 & !n we %all turn to :at foll[s4 ,! div9e ^w says t our ,god is 8a consum+ fire10#eah & t 8,he draws riv]s ( fire be=e ,him20#eai nay1 t ,he ev5 ent]e? 9 z 8a ref9]'s fire1 & z a full]'s h]b10#ebj to purify ,8 own p4 ,b :5 ,he is said to be a 8consum+ fire10 we inquire :at are ! ?+s :i* are appropriate to be consum$ by ,god4 ,& we ass]t t !y are wick$ness1 & ! works :i* result f x1 & :i*1 be+ figuratively call$ 8wood1 hay1 /ubble10#eba ,god consumes z a fire4 ,! wick$ man1 accord+ly1 is said to build up on ! previ\sly-laid f\ndation ( reason1 8wood1 & hay1 & /ubble40 ,if1 !n1 any "o c %[ t ^! words 7 diff]5tly und]/ood by ! writ]1 & c prove t ! wick$ man lit]ally#ebb builds up 8wood1 or hay1 or /ubble10 x is evid5t t ! fire mu/ be und]/ood to be mat]ial1 & an object ( s5se4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 ! works ( ! wick$ man are spok5 ( figuratively "u ! names ( 8wood1 or hay1 or /ubble10 :y does x n at once occur to inquire 9 :at s5se ! ^w 8fire0 is to be tak51 s t 8wood0 ( su* a k9d %\ld be consum$8 = ! ,scripture says3 8,! fire w try ea* man's "w ( :at sort x is4 ,if any man's "w abide :i* he ha? built !reupon1 he %all receive a rew>d4 ,if any man's "w be burn$1 he %all suff] loss40#ebc ,b :at "w c be spok5 ( 9 ^! words z be+ 8burn$10 save all t results f wick$ness8 ,!re=e our ,god is a 8consum+ fire0 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we h tak5 ! ^w2 & ?us ,he ent]s 9 z a 8ref9]'s fire10 to ref9e ! rational nature1 :i* has be5 fill$ ) ! lead ( wick$ness1 & to free x f ! o!r impure mat]ials1 :i* adult]ate ! natural gold or silv]1 s to speak1 ( ! s\l4#ebd ,&1 9 l mann]1 8riv]s ( fire0 are said to be be=e ,god1 :o w ?or\ghly cleanse away ! evil :i* is int]m+l$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole s\l4 ,b ^! rem>ks are suffici5t 9 answ] to ! ass]tion1 8t ?us !y 7 made to give expression to ! errone\s op9ion t ,god w come d[n be>+ fire l a tortur]40 ,footnote #eag3 4 ,footnote #eah3 ,cf4 ,deut4 iv4 #bd1 ix4 #c4 ,footnote #eai3 ,cf4 ,dan4 vii4 #aj4 ,footnote #ebj3 ,cf4 ,mal4 iii4 #b4 ,footnote #eba3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ab4 ,footnote #ebb3 4 ,footnote #ebc3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ac-ae4 ,footnote #ebd3 7' 71 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,b let u look at :at ,celsus next ) great o/5tation ann\nces 9 ! foll[+ fa%ion3 8,& aga910 he says1 8let u resume ! subject f ! beg9n+1 ) a l>g] array ( pro(s4 ,& ,i make no new /atem5t1 b say :at has be5 long settl$4 ,god is good1 & beautiful1 & bless$1 & t 9 ! be/ & mo/ beautiful degree4#ebe ,b if he come d[n among m51 he mu/ und]go a *ange1 & a *ange f good to evil1 f virtue to vice1 f happ9ess to mis]y1 & f be/ to wor/4 ,:o1 !n1 w\ld make *oice ( su* a *ange8 ,x is ! nature ( a mortal1 inde$1 to und]go *ange & rem\ld+1 b ( an immortal to rema9 ! same & unalt]$4 ,god1 !n1 c\ld n admit ( su* a *ange40 ,n[ x appe>s to me t ! fitt+ answ] has be5 return$ to ^! objections1 :5 ,i h relat$ :at is call$ 9 ,scripture ! 8condesc5sion0#ebf ( ,god to human affairs2 = :i* purpose ,he did n ne$ to und]go a trans=mation1 z ,celsus ?9ks we ass]t1 nor a *ange f good to evil1 nor f virtue to vice1 nor f happ9ess to mis]y1 nor f be/ to wor/4 ,=1 cont9u+ un*angeable 9 ,8 ess5ce1 ,he condesc5ds to human affairs by ! economy ( ,8 provid5ce4#ebg ,we %[1 accord+ly1 t ! ,holy ,scriptures repres5t ,god z un*angeable1 bo? by su* words z 8,?\ art ! same10#ebh & 8,i *ange n20#ebi :]eas ! gods ( ,epicurus1 be+ compos$ ( atoms1 &1 s f> z _! /ructure is conc]n$1 capable ( dissolution1 endeav\r to ?r[ (f ! atoms :i* conta9 ! elem5ts ( de/ruction4 ,nay1 ev5 ! god ( ! ,/oics1 z be+ corporeal1 at "o "t has 8 :ole ess5ce compos$ ( ! guid+ pr9ciple#ecj :5 ! conflagration ( ! _w takes place2 & at ano!r1 :5 a re>rangem5t ( ?+s occurs1 he aga9 becomes p>tly mat]ial4#eca ,= ev5 ! ,/oics 7 unable di/9ctly to compreh5d ! natural idea ( ,god1 z ( a be+ altoge!r incorruptible & simple1 & uncomp\nd$ & indivisible4 ,footnote #ebe3 1 1 1 4 ,footnote #ebf3 4 ,footnote #ebg3 4 ,footnote #ebh3 ,ps4 cii4 #bg4 ,footnote #ebi3 ,mal4 iii4 #f4 ,footnote #ecj3 4 ,footnote #eca3 ,! read+ 9 ! text is1 1 :i* is ?us correct$ by ,guietus3 4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,& ) respect to ,8 hav+ desc5d$ among m51 ,he 0 8previ\sly 9 ! =m ( ,god20#ecb & ?r\gh b5evol5ce1 dive/$ ,himself ( ,8 glory1 t ,he might be capable ( be+ receiv$ by m54 ,b ,he did n1 ,i imag9e1 und]go any *ange f 8good to evil10 = 8,he did no s920#ecc nor f 8virtue to vice10 = 8,he knew no s940#ecd ,nor did ,he pass f 8happ9ess to mis]y10 b ,he humbl$ ,himself1 & nev]!less 0 bless$1 ev5 :5 ,8 humiliation 0 und]gone 9 ord] to b5efit our race4 ,nor 0 !re any *ange 9 ,him f 8be/ to wor/10 = h[ c goodness & b5evol5ce be ( 8! wor/80 ,is x befitt+ to say ( ! physician1 :o looks on dreadful sights & h&les unsightly objects 9 ord] to cure ! suff]]s1 t he passes f 8good to evil10 or f 8virtue to vice10 or f 8happ9ess to mis]y80 ,& yet ! physician1 9 look+ on dreadful sights & h&l+ unsightly objects1 does n :olly escape ! possibility ( be+ involv$ 9 ! same fate4 ,b ,he :o heals ! w\nds ( our s\ls1 ?r\gh ! ^w ( ,god t is 9 ,him1 is ,himself incapable ( admitt+ any wick$ness4 ,b if ! immortal ,god--! ,^w--by assum+ a mortal body & a human s\l1 appe>s to ,celsus to und]go a *ange & trans=mation1 let him le>n t ! ,^w1 /ill rema9+ ess5tially ! ,^w1 suff]s none ( ^? ?+s :i* are suff]$ by ! body or ! s\l2 b1 condesc5d+ occasionally to ! weakness ( him :o is unable to look ^u ! spl5d\rs & brilliancy ( ,deity1 ,he becomes z x 7 fle%1 speak+ ) a lit]al voice1 until he :o has receiv$ ,him 9 su* a =m is able1 ?r\gh be+ elevat$ 9 "s slight degree by ! tea*+ ( ! ,^w1 to gaze ^u :at is1 s to speak1 ,8 real & pre-em95t appe>ance4#ece ,footnote #ecb3 ,cf4 ,phil4 ii4 #f1 #g4 ,footnote #ecc3 ,cf4 #a ,pet4 ii4 #bb4 ,footnote #ecd3 ,cf4 #b ,cor4 v4 #ba4 ,footnote #ece3 4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,= !re are diff]5t appe>ances1 z x 71 ( ! ,^w1 accord+ z ,he %[s ,himself to ea* "o ( ^? :o come to ,8 doctr9e2 & ?is 9 a mann] correspond+ to ! condition ( him :o is j becom+ a disciple1 or ( him :o has made a little progress1 or ( him :o has advanc$ fur!r1 or ( him :o has already ne>ly atta9$ to virtue1 or :o has ev5 already atta9$ x4 ,& h5ce x is n ! case1 z ,celsus & ^? l him w\ld h x1 t our ,god 0 trans=m$1 & asc5d+ ! l(ty m\nta91 %[$ t ,8 real appe>ance 0 some?+ diff]5t1 & f> m excell5t ?an :at ^? :o rema9$ bel[1 & 7 unable to foll[ ,him on high1 beheld4 ,= ^? bel[ did n possess eyes capable ( see+ ! trans=mation ( ! ,^w into ,8 glori\s & m div9e condition4 ,b ) difficulty 7 !y able to receive ,him z ,he 02 s t x might be said ( ,him by ^? :o 7 unable to behold ,8 m excell5t nature3 8,we saw ,him1 & ,he _h no =m nor comel9ess2 b ,8 =m 0 mean1#ecf & inf]ior to t ( ! sons ( m540#ecg ,& let ^! rem>ks be an answ] to ! suppositions ( ,celsus1 :o does n und]/& ! *anges or trans=mations ( ,jesus1 z relat$ 9 ! hi/ories1 nor ,8 mortal & immortal nature4 ,footnote #ecf3 4 ,footnote #ecg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,b w n ^? n>ratives1 especially :5 !y are und]/ood 9 _! prop] s5se1 appe> f> m wor?y ( respect ?an ! /ory t ,dionysus 0 deceiv$ by ! ,titans1 & expell$ f ! ?rone ( ,jupit]1 & torn 9 pieces by !m1 & 8 rema9s be+ aft]w>ds put toge!r aga91 he return$ z x 7 once m to life1 & asc5d$ to heav58 ,or are ! ,greeks at lib]ty to ref] su* /ories to ! doctr9e ( ! s\l1 & to int]pret !m figuratively1 :ile ! door ( a consi/5t explanation1 & "o ev]y:]e 9 accord & h>mony ) ! writ+s ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 :o _h ,8 abode 9 pure s\ls1 is clos$ aga9/ u8 ,celsus1 !n1 is altoge!r ignorant ( ! purpose ( our writ+s1 & x is !re=e ^u 8 own acceptation ( !m t he ca/s discr$it1 & n ^u _! real mean+2 :]eas1 if he _h reflect$ on :at is appropriate#ech to a s\l :i* is to enjoy an ev]la/+ life1 & on ! op9ion :i* we are to =m ( its ess5ce & pr9ciples1 he w\ld n s h ridicul$ ! entrance ( ! immortal into a mortal body1 :i* took place n accord+ to ! metempsy*osis ( ,plato1 b agreeably to ano!r & high] view ( ?+s4 ,& he w\ld h obs]v$ "o 8desc5t10 di/+ui%$ by its great b5evol5ce1 und]tak5 to conv]t 7z ! ,scripture my/ically t]ms !m7 ! 8lo/ %eep ( ! h\se ( ,israel10 :i* _h /ray$ d[n f ! m\nta9s1 & to :i* ! ,%eph]d is said 9 c]ta9 p>ables to h gone d[n1 leav+ on ! m\nta9s ^? 8:i* _h n /ray$40 ,footnote #ech3 4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,b ,celsus1 l+]+ ov] matt]s :i* he does n und]/&1 leads u to be guilty ( tautology1 z we d n wi% ev5 9 appe>ance to leave any "o ( 8 objections unexam9$4 ,he proce$s1 accord+ly1 z foll[s3 8,god ei!r really *anges himself1 z ^! ass]t1 into a mortal body1 & ! impossibility ( t has be5 already decl>$2 or else he does n und]go a *ange1 b only causes ! behold]s to imag9e s1 & ?us deceives !m1 & is guilty ( falsehood4 ,n[ deceit & falsehood are no?+ b evils1 & w\ld only be employ$ z a m$ic9e1 ei!r 9 ! case ( sick & lunatic fri5ds1 ) a view to _! cure1 or 9 t ( enemies :5 "o is tak+ measures to escape dang]4 ,b no sick man or lunatic is a fri5d ( ,god1 nor does ,god fe> any "o to su* a degree z to %un dang] by lead+ him into error40 ,n[ ! answ] to ^! /atem5ts might h respect p>tly to ! nature ( ! ,div9e ,^w1 :o is ,god1 & p>tly to ! s\l ( ,jesus4 ,z respects ! nature ( ! ,^w1 9 ! same way z ! quality ( ! food *anges 9 ! nurse into milk ) ref]5ce to ! nature ( ! *ild1 or is arrang$ by ! physician ) a view to ! good ( 8 heal? 9 ! case ( a sick man1 or is specially prep>$ = a /rong] man1 because he possesses great] vig\r1 s does ,god appropriately *ange1 9 ! case ( ea* individual1 ! p[] ( ! ,^w to :i* belongs ! natural prop]ty ( n\ri%+ ! human s\l4 ,& to "o is giv51 z ! ,scripture t]ms x1 8! s9c]e milk ( ! ^w20 & to ano!r1 :o is weak]1 z x 71 8h]bs20 & to ano!r :o is full-gr[n1 8/rong meat40 ,& ! ,^w does n1 ,i imag9e1 prove false to ,8 own nature1 9 contribut+ n\ri%m5t to ea* "o1 accord+ z he is capable ( receiv+ ,him4 ,nor does ,he mislead or prove false4 ,b if "o 7 to take ! *ange z ref]r+ to ! s\l ( ,jesus aft] x _h ent]$ a body1 we w\ld inquire 9 :at s5se ! t]m 8*ange0 is us$4 ,= if x be meant to apply to its ess5ce1 su* a supposition is inadmissible1 n only 9 relation to ! s\l ( ,jesus1 b also to ! rational s\l ( any o!r be+4 ,& if x be alleg$ t x suff]s any?+ f ! body :5 unit$ ) x1 or f ! place to :i* x has come1 !n :at inconv5i5ce#eci c happ5 to ! ,^w :o1 9 great b5evol5ce1 br\ght d[n a ,savi\r to ! human race8--see+ none ( ^? :o =m]ly pr(ess$ to effect a cure c\ld accompli% s mu* z t s\l %[$ x c\ld d1 by :at x p]=m$1 ev5 by volunt>ily desc5d+ to ! level ( human de/9ies = ! b5efit ( our race4 ,& ! ,div9e ,^w1 well kn[+ ?is1 speaks to t effect 9 _m passages ( ,scripture1 al?\gh x is suffici5t at pres5t to quote "o te/imony ( ,paul to ! foll[+ effect3 8,let ?is m9d be 9 y :i* 0 also 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus2 :o1 be+ 9 ! =m ( ,god1 ?\ght x n robb]y to be equal ) ,god1 b made ,himself ( no reputation1 & took ^u ,him ! =m ( a s]vant1 & 0 made 9 ! lik5ess ( m52 & be+ f\nd 9 fa%ion z a man1 ,he humbl$ ,himself1 & became ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross4 ,:]e=e ,god also ha? highly exalt$ ,him1 & giv5 ,him a "n :i* is above e "n40#edj ,footnote #eci3 4 ,footnote #edj3 ,phil4 ii4 #e-i4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,o!rs1 !n1 may conc$e to ,celsus t ,god does n und]go a *ange1 b leads ! spectators to imag9e t ,he does2 :]eas we :o are p]suad$ t ! adv5t ( ,jesus among m5 0 no m]e appe>ance1 b a real manife/ation1 are n affect$ by ?is *>ge ( ,celsus4 ,we nev]!less w attempt a reply1 because y ass]t1 ,celsus1 d y n1 t x is sometimes all[able to employ deceit & falsehood by way1 z x 71 ( m$ic9e8#eda ,:]e1 !n1 is ! absurdity1 if su* a sav+ result 7 to be accompli%$1 t "s su* ev5ts %\ld h tak5 place8 ,= c]ta9 words1 :5 sav\r+ ( falsehood1 produce ^u su* *>act]s a corrective effect 7l ! simil> decl>ations ( physicians to _! pati5ts71 r ?an :5 spok5 9 ! _s ( tru?4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ be our def5ce aga9/ o!r oppon5ts4 ,= !re is no absurdity 9 ,him :o heal$ sick fri5ds1 heal+ ! de> human race by means ( su* rem$ies z ,he w\ld n employ pref]5tially1 b only accord+ to circum/ances4#edb ,! human race1 moreov]1 :5 9 a /ate ( m5tal ali5ation1 _h to be cur$ by me?ods :i* ! ,^w saw w\ld aid 9 br++ back ^? s afflict$ to a s\nd /ate ( m9d4 ,b ,celsus says also1 t 8"o acts ?us t[>ds enemies :5 tak+ measures to escape dang]4 ,b ,god does n fe> any "o1 s z to escape dang] by lead+ into error ^? :o conspire aga9/ him40 ,n[ x is altoge!r unnecess>y & absurd to answ] a *>ge :i* is advanc$ by no "o aga9/ our ,savi\r4 ,& we h already repli$1 :5 answ]+ o!r *>ges1 to ! /atem5t t 8no "o :o is ei!r 9 a /ate ( sickness or m5tal ali5ation is a fri5d ( ,god40 ,= ! answ] is1 t su* arrangem5ts h be5 made1 n = ! sake ( ^? :o1 be+ already fri5ds1 aft]w>ds fell sick or became afflict$ ) m5tal disease1 b 9 ord] t ^? :o 7 /ill enemies ?r\gh sickness ( ! s\l1 & ali5ation ( ! natural reason1 might become ! fri5ds ( ,god4 ,= x is di/9ctly /at$ t ,jesus endur$ all ?+s on behalf ( s9n]s1 t ,he might free !m f s91 & conv]t !m to righte\sness4 ,footnote #eda3 ' 1 1 1 4 ,footnote #edb3 1 ' 4 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,9 ! next place1 z he repres5ts ! ,jews acc\nt+ 9 a way peculi> to !mselves = _! belief t ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ among !m is /ill 9 ! future1 & ! ,*ri/ians z ma9ta9+ 9 _! way t ! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,god into ! life ( m5 has already tak5 place1 let u1 z f> z we c1 briefly consid] ^! po9ts4 ,accord+ to ,celsus1 ! ,jews say t 8human life1 be+ fill$ ) all wick$ness1 ne$$ "o s5t f ,god1 t ! wick$ might be puni%$1 & all ?+s purifi$ 9 a mann] analog\s to ! fir/ deluge :i* happ5$40 ,& z ! ,*ri/ians are said to make /atem5ts additional to ?is1 x is evid5t t he alleges t !y admit ^!4 ,n[1 :]e is ! absurdity 9 ! com+ ( "o :o is1 on acc\nt ( ! prevail+ flood ( wick$ness1 to purify ! _w1 & to treat e "o accord+ to 8 des]ts8 ,= x is n 9 keep+ ) ! "* ( ,god t ! diffusion ( wick$ness %\ld n cease1 & all ?+s be r5ew$4 ,! ,greeks1 moreov]1 "k ( ! e>?'s be+ purifi$ at c]ta9 times by a deluge or a fire1 z ,plato1 too1 says some:]e to ?is effect3 8,& :5 ! gods ov]:elm ! e>?1 purify+ x ) wat]1 "s ( !m on ! m\nta9s10#edc etc4 etc4 ,mu/ x be said1 !n1 t if ! ,greeks make su* ass]tions1 !y are to be deem$ wor?y ( respect & consid]ation1 b t if we too ma9ta9 c]ta9 ( ^! views1 :i* are quot$ ) approval by ! ,greeks1 !y cease to be hon\rable8 ,& yet !y :o c>e to att5d to ! connection & tru? ( all our records1 w endeav\r to e/abli% n only ! antiquity ( ! writ]s1 b ! v5]able nature ( _! writ+s1 & ! consi/5cy ( _! sev]al p>ts4 ,footnote #edc3 ,cf4 ,plato 9 ! ,timu1 & ,book iii4 de legibus4 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,b ,i d n und]/& h[ he c imag9e ! ov]turn+ ( ! t[] ( ,babel to h happ5$ ) a simil> object to t ( ! deluge1 :i* effect$ a purification ( ! e>?1 accord+ to ! acc\nts bo? ( ,jews & ,*ri/ians4 ,=1 9 ord] t ! n>rative conta9$ 9 ,g5esis respect+ ! t[] may be held to convey no secret mean+1 b1 z ,celsus supposes1 may be tak5 z true to ! lett]1#edd ! ev5t does n on su* a view appe> to h tak5 place = ! purpose ( purify+ ! e>?2 unless1 inde$1 he imag9es t ! s-call$ confusion ( tongues is su* a purificatory process4 ,b on ?is po9t1 he :o has ! opportunity w treat m seasonably :5 8 object is to %[ n only :at is ! mean+ ( ! n>rative 9 its hi/orical connection1 b :at metaphorical mean+ may be d$uc$ f x4#ede ,see+ t he imag9es1 h[ev]1 t ,moses1 :o wrote ! acc\nt ( ! t[]1 & ! confusion ( tongues1 has p]v]t$ ! /ory ( ! sons ( ,aloeus1#edf & ref]r$ x to ! t[]1 we mu/ rem>k t ,i d n ?9k any "o prior to ! "t ( ,hom]#edg has m5tion$ ! sons ( ,aloeus1 :ile ,i am p]suad$ t :at is relat$ ab\t ! t[] has be5 record$ by ,moses z be+ mu* old] n only ?an ,hom]1 b ev5 ?an ! inv5tion ( lett]s among ! ,greeks4 ,:o1 !n1 are ! p]v]t]s ( ea* o!r's n>ratives8 ,:e!r d !y :o relate ! /ory ( ! ,aload p]v]t ! hi/ory ( ! "t1 or he :o wrote ! acc\nt ( ! t[] & ! confusion ( tongues ! /ory ( ! ,aload8 ,n[ to imp>tial he>]s ,moses appe>s to be m anci5t ?an ,hom]4 ,! de/ruction by fire1 moreov]1 ( ,sodom & ,gomorrha on acc\nt ( _! s9s1 relat$ by ,moses 9 ,g5esis1 is comp>$ by ,celsus to ! /ory ( ,phae?on1--all ^! /atem5ts ( 8 result+ f "o blund]1 viz4 8 n att5d+ to ! great] antiquity ( ,moses4 ,= !y :o relate ! /ory ( ,phae?on seem to be y\ng] ev5 ?an ,hom]1 :o1 aga91 is mu* y\ng] ?an ,moses4 ,we d n d5y1 !n1 t ! purificatory fire & ! de/ruction ( ! _w took place 9 ord] t evil might be swept away1 & all ?+s be r5ew$2 = we ass]t t we h le>n$ ^! ?+s f ! sacr$ books ( ! prophets4 ,b s9ce1 z we h said 9 ! prec$+ pages1 ! prophets1 9 utt]+ _m pr$ictions reg>d+ future ev5ts1 %[ t !y h spok5 ! tru? conc]n+ _m ?+s t are pa/1 & ?us give evid5ce ( ! indwell+ ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 x is manife/ t1 ) respect to ?+s /ill future1 we %\ld repose fai? 9 !m1 or r 9 ! ,div9e ,_s t is 9 !m4 ,footnote #edd3 4 ,footnote #ede3 1 4 ,footnote #edf3 ,otus & ,ephialtes4 ,cf4 ,smi?'s ,dict4 ( ,my?4 & ,biog4 s4v4 ,footnote #edg3 ,cf4 ,hom4 ,odyss4 xi4 #cje4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,b1 accord+ to ,celsus1 8! ,*ri/ians1 mak+ c]ta9 additional /atem5ts to ^? ( ! ,jews1 ass]t t ! ,son ( ,god has be5 already s5t on acc\nt ( ! s9s ( ! ,jews2 & t ! ,jews hav+ *a/is$ ,jesus1 & giv5 him gall to dr9k1 h br\ght ^u !mselves ! div9e wra?40 ,& any "o :o likes may convict ?is /atem5t ( falsehood1 if x be n ! case t ! :ole ,jewi% nation 0 ov]?r[n )9 "o s+le g5]ation aft] ,jesus _h und]gone ^! suff]+s at _! h&s4 ,= =ty & two ye>s1 ,i ?9k1 aft] ! date ( ! crucifixion ( ,jesus1 did ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem take place4 ,n[ x has nev] be5 record$1 s9ce ! ,jewi% nation began to exi/1 t !y h be5 expell$ = s long a p]iod f _! v5]able temple-wor%ip#edh & s]vice1 & enslav$ by m p[]ful nations2 = if at any "t !y appe>$ to be ab&on$ because ( _! s9s1 !y 7 not)/&+ visit$ by ,god1#edi & return$ to _! own c\ntry1 & recov]$ _! possessions1 & p]=m$ unh9d]$ ! obs]vances ( _! law4 ,"o fact1 !n1 :i* proves t ,jesus 0 some?+ div9e & sacr$1#eej is ?is1 t ,jews %\ld h suff]$ on ,8 acc\nt n[ = a l5g!n$ "t calamities ( su* sev]ity4 ,& we say ) confid5ce t !y w nev] be re/or$ to _! =m] condition4#eea ,= !y committ$ a crime ( ! mo/ unhall[$ k9d1 9 conspir+ aga9/ ! ,savi\r ( ! human race 9 t city :]e !y (f]$ up to ,god a wor%ip conta9+ ! symbols ( mighty my/]ies4 ,x accord+ly behov$ t city :]e ,jesus und]w5t ^! suff]+s to p]i% utt]ly1 & ! ,jewi% nation to be ov]?r[n1 & ! invitation to happ9ess (f]$ !m by ,god to pass to o!rs1--! ,*ri/ians1 ,i mean1 to :om has come ! doctr9e ( a pure & holy wor%ip1 & :o h obta9$ new laws1 9 h>mony ) ! e/abli%$ con/itution 9 all c\ntries2#eeb see+ ^? :i* 7 =m]ly impos$1 z on a s+le nation :i* 0 rul$ by pr9ces ( its own race & ( simil> mann]s1#eec c\ld n n[ be obs]v$ 9 all _! entir5ess4 ,footnote #edh3 4 ,footnote #edi3 4 ,footnote #eej3 4 ,footnote #eea3 ' 4 ,footnote #eeb3 4 ,footnote #eec3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,9 ! next place1 ridicul+ aft] 8 usual /yle ! race ( ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 he comp>es !m all 8to a flight ( bats or to a sw>m ( ants issu+ out ( _! ne/1 or to frogs hold+ c\ncil 9 a m>%1 or to worms crawl+ toge!r 9 ! corn] ( a dunghill1 & qu>rell+ ) "o ano!r z to :i* ( !m 7 ! great] s9n]s1 & ass]t+ t ,god %[s & ann\nces to u all ?+s be=eh&2 & t1 ab&on+ ! :ole _w1 & ! regions ( heav51#eed & ?is great e>?1 he becomes a citiz5#eee among u alone1 & to u alone makes 8 intimations1 & does n cease s5d+ & inquir+1 9 :at way we may be associat$ ) him = ev]40 ,& 9 8 fictiti\s repres5tation1 he comp>es u to 8worms :i* ass]t t !re is a ,god1 & t imm$iately aft] him1 we :o are made by him are altoge!r l unto ,god1 & t all ?+s h be5 made subject to u1--e>?1 & wat]1 & air1 & />s1--& t all ?+s exi/ = our sake1 & are orda9$ to be subject to u40 ,&1 accord+ to 8 repres5tation1 ! worms--t is1 we ourselves--say t 8n[1 s9ce c]ta9 among/ u commit s91 ,god w come or w s5d 8 ,son to consume ! wick$ ) fire1 t ! re/ ( u may h et]nal life ) him40 ,& to all ?is he subjo9s ! rem>k1 t 8su* wrangl+s w\ld be m endurable among/ worms & frogs ?an betwixt ,jews & ,*ri/ians40 ,footnote #eed3 4 ,footnote #eee3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,9 reply to ^!1 we ask ( ^? :o accept su* asp]sions z are scatt]$ aga9/ u1 ,d y reg>d all m5 z a collection ( bats1 or z frogs1 or z worms1 9 consequ5ce ( ! pre-em95ce ( ,god8 or d y n include ! re/ ( mank9d 9 ?is propos$ comp>ison1 b on acc\nt ( _! possession ( reason1 & ( ! e/abli%$ laws1 treat !m z m51 :ile y hold *eap#eef ,*ri/ians & ,jews1 because _! op9ions are di/a/eful to y1 & comp>e !m to ! animals above m5tion$8 ,& :atev] answ] y may return to our "q1 we %all reply by endeav\r+ to %[ t su* ass]tions are mo/ unbecom+1 :e!r spok5 ( all m5 9 g5]al1 or ( u 9 p>ticul>4 ,=1 let x be suppos$ t y say ju/ly t all m51 z comp>$ ) ,god1 are rightly lik5$ to ^! wor?less#eeg animals1 s9ce _! littl5ess is n at all to be comp>$ ) ! sup]iority ( ,god1 :at !n d y mean by littl5ess8 ,answ] me1 good sirs4 ,if y ref] to littl5ess ( body1 "k t sup]iority & inf]iority1 if tru? is to be judge1 are n det]m9$ by a bodily /&>d4#eeh ,=1 on su* a view1 vultures#eei & elephants w\ld be sup]ior to u m52 = !y are l>g]1 & /rong]1 & long]-liv$ ?an we4 ,b no s5sible p]son w\ld ma9ta9 t ^! irrational creatures are sup]ior to rational be+s1 m]ely on acc\nt ( _! bodies3 = ! possession ( reason raises a rational be+ to a va/ sup]iority ov] all irrational creatures4 ,ev5 ! race ( virtu\s & bless$ be+s w\ld admit ?is1 :e!r !y are1 z ye say1 good demons1 or1 z we are accu/om$ to call !m1 ! angels ( ,god1 or any o!r natures :atev] sup]ior to t ( man1 s9ce ! rational faculty )9 !m has be5 made p]fect1 & end[$ ) all virtu\s qualities4#efj ,footnote #eef3 4 ,footnote #eeg3 4 ,footnote #eeh3 4 ,footnote #eei3 2 8 ,footnote #efj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,b if y depreciate ! littl5ess ( man1 n on acc\nt ( 8 body1 b ( 8 s\l1 reg>d+ x z inf]ior to t ( o!r rational be+s1 & especially ( ^? :o are virtu\s2 & inf]ior1 because evil dwells 9 x1--:y %\ld ^? among ,*ri/ians :o are wick$1 & ^? among ! ,jews :o lead s9ful lives1 be t]m$ a collection ( bats1 or ants1 or worms1 or frogs1 r ?an ^? individuals among o!r nations :o are guilty ( wick$ness8--see+1 9 ?is respect1 any individual :atev]1 especially if c>ri$ away by ! tide ( evil1 is1 9 comp>ison ) ! re/ ( mank9d1 a bat1 & worm1 & frog1 & ant4 ,& al?\gh a man may be an orator l ,demo/h5es1 yet1 if /a9$ ) wick$ness l 81#efa & guilty ( de$s proce$+1 l 81 f a wick$ nature2 or an ,antiphon1 :o 0 also consid]$ to be inde$ an orator1 yet :o annihilat$ ! doctr9e ( provid5ce 9 8 writ+s1 :i* 7 entitl$ ,conc]n+ ,tru?1 l t disc\rse ( ,celsus1--su* individuals are not)/&+ worms1 roll+ 9 a corn] ( ! dung-heap ( /upidity & ignorance4 ,inde$1 :atev] be ! nature ( ! rational faculty1 x c\ld n reasonably be comp>$ to a worm1 because x possesses capabilities ( virtue4#efb ,= ^! adumbrations#efc t[>ds virtue d n all[ ( ^? :o possess ! p[] ( acquir+ x1 & :o are incapable ( :olly los+ its se$s1 to be lik5$ to a worm4 ,x appe>s1 !re=e1 t nei!r c m5 9 g5]al be deem$ worms 9 comp>ison ) ,god4 ,= reason1 hav+ its beg9n+ 9 ! reason ( ,god1 _c all[ ( ! rational animal be+ consid]$ :olly ali5 f ,deity4 ,nor c ^? among ,*ri/ians & ,jews :o are wick$1 & :o1 9 tru?1 are nei!r ,*ri/ians nor ,jews1 be comp>$1 m ?an o!r wick$ m51 to worms roll+ 9 a corn] ( a dunghill4 ,& if ! nature ( reason w n p]mit ( su* comp>isons1 x is manife/ t we mu/ n calumniate human nature1 :i* has be5 =m$ = virtue1 ev5 if x %\ld s9 ?r\gh ignorance1 nor lik5 x to animals ( ! k9d describ$4 ,footnote #efa3 ,! allusion may possibly be to 8 flight f ! field ( ,*ronea1 or to 8 av>ice1 or to ! alleg$ impurity ( 8 life1 :i* is ref]r$ to by ,plut>* 9 8 ,lives ( ! ,t5 ,orators4--,,sp5c]4 ,footnote #efb3 4 ,footnote #efc3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,b if x is on acc\nt ( ^? op9ions ( ! ,*ri/ians & ,jews :i* displease ,celsus 7& :i* he does n at all appe> to und]/&7 t !y are to be reg>d$ z worms & ants1 & ! re/ ( mank9d z diff]5t1 let u exam9e ! ackn[l$g$ op9ions ( ,*ri/ians & ,jews1#efd & comp>e !m ) ^? ( ! re/ ( mank9d1 & see :e!r x w n appe> to ^? :o h once admitt$ t c]ta9 m5 are worms & ants1 t !y are ! worms & ants & frogs :o h fall5 away f s\nd views ( ,god1 &1 "u a va9 appe>ance ( piety1#efe wor%ip ei!r irrational animals1 or images1 or o!r objects1 ! works ( m5's h&s2#eff :]eas1 f ! beauty ( su*1 !y ought to admire ! ,mak] ( !m1 & wor%ip ,him3 :ile ^? are inde$ m51 & m hon\rable ?an m5 7if !re be any?+ t is s71 :o1 9 ob$i5ce to _! reason1 are able to asc5d f /ocks & /ones1#efg nay1 ev5 f :at is reckon$ ! mo/ preci\s ( all matt]--silv] & gold2 & :o asc5d up also f ! beautiful ?+s 9 ! _w to ! ,mak] ( all1 & entru/ !mselves to ,him :o alone is able to satisfy#efh all exi/+ ?+s1 & to ov]look ! ?\ghts ( all1 & to he> ! pray]s ( all2 :o s5d up _! pray]s to ,him1 & d all ?+s z 9 ! pres5ce ( ,him :o beholds ev]y?+1 & :o are c>eful1 z 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,he>] ( all ?+s1 to say no?+ :i* might n ) propriety be report$ to ,god4 ,w n su* piety z ?is--:i* c be ov]come nei!r by lab\rs1 nor by ! dang]s ( dea?1 nor by logical plausibilities#efi--;be ( no avail 9 prev5t+ ^? :o h obta9$ x f be+ any long] comp>$ to worms1 ev5 if !y _h be5 s repres5t$ be=e _! assumption ( a piety s rem>kable8 ,w !y :o subdue t fi]ce long+ = sexual pleasures :i* has r$uc$ ! s\ls ( _m to a weak & feeble condition1 & :o subdue x because !y are p]suad$ t !y _c o!rwise h communion ) ,god1 unless !y asc5d to ,him ?r\gh ! ex]cise ( temp]ance1 appe> to y to be ! bro!rs ( worms1 & relatives ( ants1 & to be> a lik5ess to frogs8 ,:at6 is ! brilliant quality ( ju/ice1 :i* keeps inviolate ! rights common to our neighb\r1 & our k9dr$1 & :i* obs]ves fairness1 & b5evol5ce1 & goodness1 ( no avail 9 sav+ him :o practises x f be+ t]m$ a bird ( ! night8 ,& are n !y :o wall[ 9 dissolut5ess1 z d ! majority ( mank9d1 & !y :o associate promiscu\sly ) common h>lots1 & :o tea* t su* practices are n :olly contr>y to propriety1 worms :o roll 9 mire8--especially :5 !y are comp>$ ) ^? :o h be5 taught n to take ! 8memb]s ( ,*ri/10 & ! body inhabit$ by ! ,^w1 & make !m ! 8memb]s ( a h>lot20 & :o h already le>n$ t ! body ( ! rational be+1 z consecrat$ to ! ,god ( all ?+s1 is ! temple ( ! ,god :om !y wor%ip1 becom+ su* f ! pure conceptions :i* !y ent]ta9 ( ! ,creator1 & :o also1 be+ c>eful n to corrupt ! temple ( ,god by unlawful pleasure1 practise temp]ance z con/itut+ piety t[>ds ,god6 ,footnote #efd3 4 ,footnote #efe3 ' 4 ,footnote #eff3 4 ,footnote #efg3 4 ,footnote #efh3 4 ,footnote #efi3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,& ,i h n yet spok5 ( ! o!r evils :i* prevail among/ m51 f :i* ev5 ^? :o h ! appe>ance ( philosoph]s are n spe$ily fre$1 = 9 philosophy !re are _m pret5d]s4 ,nor d ,i say any?+ on ! po9t t _m su* evils are f\nd to exi/ among ^? :o are nei!r ,jews nor ,*ri/ians4 ,( a tru?1 su* evil practices d n at all prevail among ,*ri/ians1 if y prop]ly exam9e :at con/itutes a ,*ri/ian4 ,or1 if any p]sons ( t k9d %\ld be discov]$1 !y are at lea/ n to be f\nd among ^? :o frequ5t ! assemblies1 & come to ! public pray]s1 )\t _! be+ exclud$ f !m1 unless x %\ld happ51 & t r>ely1 t "s "o individual ( su* a "* escapes notice 9 ! cr[d4 ,we1 !n1 are n worms :o assemble toge!r2 :o take our /& aga9/ ! ,jews on ^? ,scriptures :i* !y believe to be div9e1 & :o %[ t ,he :o 0 spok5 ( 9 prophecy has come1 & t !y h be5 ab&on$ on acc\nt ( ! greatness ( _! s9s1 & t we :o h accept$ ! ,^w h ! highe/ hopes 9 ,god1 bo? because ( our fai? 9 ,him1 & ( ,8 ability to receive u into ,8 communion pure f all evil & wick$ness ( life4 ,if a man1 !n1 %\ld call himself a ,jew or a ,*ri/ian1 he w\ld n say )\t qualification t ,god _h made ! :ole _w1 & ! vault ( heav5#egj = u 9 p>ticul>4 ,b if a man is1 z ,jesus taught1 pure 9 he>t1 & meek1 & peaceful1 & *e]fully submits to dang]s = ! sake ( 8 religion1 su* an "o might reasonably h confid5ce 9 ,god1 & ) a full appreh5sion ( ! ^w conta9$ 9 ! prophecies1 might say ?is also3 8,all ^! ?+s has ,god %[n be=eh&1 & ann\nc$ to u :o believe40 ,footnote #egj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,b s9ce he has repres5t$ ^? :om he reg>ds z worms1 viz4 ! ,*ri/ians1 z say+ t 8,god1 hav+ ab&on$ ! heav5ly regions1 & despis+ ?is great e>?1 takes up ,8 abode among/ u alone1 & to u alone makes ,8 ann\ncem5ts1 & ceases n ,8 messages & inquiries z to h[ we may become ,8 associates = ev]10 we h to answ] t he attributes to u words :i* we nev] utt]$1 see+ we bo? read & "k t ,god loves all exi/+ ?+s1 & loa!s#ega no?+ :i* ,he has made1 = ,he w\ld n h creat$ any?+ 9 hatr$4 ,we h1 moreov]1 read ! decl>ation3 8,& ,?\ sp>e/ all ?+s1 because !y are ,?9e1 ,o lov] ( s\ls4 ,= ,?9e incorruptible ,_s is 9 all4 ,& !re=e ^? also :o h fall5 away = a little "t ,?\ rebuke/1 & admoni%e/1 rem9d+ !m ( _! s9s40#egb ,h[ c we ass]t t 8,god1 leav+ ! regions ( heav51 & ! :ole _w1 & despis+ ?is great e>?1 takes up ,8 abode among/ u only10 :5 we h f\nd t all ?\ghtful p]sons mu/ say 9 _! pray]s1 t 8! e>? is full ( ! m]cy ( ! ,"l10#egc & t 8! m]cy ( ! ,"l is ^u all fle%20#egd & t ,god1 be+ good1 8make? ,8 sun to arise ^u ! evil & ! good1 & s5de? ,8 ra9 ^u ! j & ! unju/20#ege & t ,he enc\rages u to a simil> c\rse ( action1 9 ord] t we may become ,8 sons1 & tea*es u to ext5d ! b5efits :i* we enjoy1 s f> z 9 our p[]1 to all m58 ,= ,he ,himself is said to be ! ,savi\r ( all m51 especially ( !m t believe2#egf & ,8 ,*ri/ to be ! 8propitiation = our s9s1 & n = ours only1 b also = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w40#egg ,& ?is1 !n1 is our answ] to ! allegations ( ,celsus4 ,c]ta9 o!r /atem5ts1 9 keep+ ) ! "* ( ! ,jews1 might be made by "s ( t nation1 b c]ta9ly n by ! ,*ri/ians1 :o h be5 taught t 8,god comm5de? ,8 love t[>ds u1 9 t1 :ile we 7 yet s9n]s1 ,*ri/ di$ = u20#egh & al?\gh 8sc>cely = a righte\s man w "o die1 yet p]adv5ture = a good man "s w\ld ev5 d>e to die40#egi ,b n[ is ,jesus decl>$ to h come = ! sake ( s9n]s 9 all p>ts ( ! _w 7t !y may =sake _! s91 & entru/ !mselves to ,god71 be+ call$ also1 agreeably to an anci5t cu/om ( ^! ,scriptures1 ! 8,*ri/ ( ,god40 ,footnote #ega3 4 ,footnote #egb3 ,cf4 ,wisd4 ( ,solom4 xi4 #bf1 xii4 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #egc3 ,ps4 xxxiii4 #e4 ,footnote #egd3 ,ecclus4 xviii4 #ac4 ,footnote #ege3 ,cf4 ,matt4 v4 #de4 ,footnote #egf3 ,cf4 #a ,tim4 iv4 #aj4 ,footnote #egg3 ,cf4 #a ,john ii4 #b4 ,footnote #egh3 ,cf4 ,rom4 v4 #h4 ,footnote #egi3 ,cf4 ,rom4 v4 #g4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,b ,celsus p]haps has misund]/ood c]ta9 ( ^? :om he has t]m$ 8worms10 :5 !y affirm t 8,god exi/s1 & t we are next to ,him40 ,& he acts l ^? :o w\ld f9d fault ) an entire sect ( philosoph]s1 on acc\nt ( c]ta9 words utt]$ by "s ra% y\? :o1 aft] a ?ree days' att5dance ^u ! lectures ( a philosoph]1 %\ld exalt himself above o!r p z inf]ior to himself1 & devoid ( philosophy4 ,= we "k t !re are _m creatures m hon\rable#ehj ?an man2 & we h read t 8,god /&e? 9 ! congregation ( gods10#eha b ( gods :o are n wor%ipp$ by ! nations1 8= all ! gods ( ! nations are idols40#ehb ,we h read also1 t 8,god1 /&+ 9 ! congregation ( ! gods1 judge? among ! gods40#ehc ,we "k1 moreov]1 t 8?\gh !re be t are call$ gods1 :e!r 9 heav5 or 9 e>? 7z !re be gods _m & lords _m71 b to u !re is "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ( :om are all ?+s1 & we 9 ,him2 & "o ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om are all ?+s1 & we by ,him40#ehd ,& we "k t 9 ?is way ! angels are sup]ior to m52 s t m51 :5 made p]fect1 become l ! angels4 8,= 9 ! resurrection !y nei!r m>ry nor are giv5 9 m>riage1 b ! righte\s are z ! angels 9 heav510#ehe & also become 8equal to ! angels40#ehf ,we "k1 too1 t 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! univ]se !re are c]ta9 be+s t]m$ 8?rones10 & o!rs 8dom9ions10 & o!rs 8p[]s10 & o!rs 8pr9cipalities20 & we see t we m51 :o are f> inf]ior to ^!1 may ent]ta9 ! hope t by a virtu\s life1 & by act+ 9 all ?+s agreeably to reason1 we may rise to a lik5ess ) all ^!4 ,&1 la/ly1 because 8x do? n yet appe> :at we %all be2 b we "k t :5 ,he %all appe>1 we %all be l ,god1 & %all see ,him z ,he is40#ehg ,& if any "o 7 to ma9ta9 :at is ass]t$ by "s 7ei!r by ^? :o possess intellig5ce or :o d n1 b h misconceiv$ s\nd reason71 t 8,god exi/s1 & we are next to ,him10 ,i w\ld int]pret ! ^w 8we10 by us+ 9 its /ead1 8,we :o act accord+ to reason10 or r1 8,we virtu\s1 :o act accord+ to reason40#ehh ,=1 9 our op9ion1 ! same virtue belongs to all ! bless$1 s t ! virtue ( man & ( ,god is id5tical4#ehi ,& !re=e we are taught to become 8p]fect10 z our ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect4#eij ,no good & virtu\s man1 !n1 is a 8worm roll+ 9 fil?10 nor is a pi\s man an 8ant10 nor a righte\s man a 8frog20 nor c\ld "o ^: s\l is enlight5$ ) ! bright light ( tru? be reasonably lik5$ to a 8bird ( ! night40 ,footnote #ehj3 4 ,footnote #eha3 ,cf4 ,ps4 lxxxii4 #a4 ,footnote #ehb3 4 ,cf4 ,ps4 xcvi4 #e4 ,footnote #ehc3 ,cf4 ,ps4 lxxxii4 #a4 ,footnote #ehd3 #a ,cor4 viii4 #e1 #f4 ,footnote #ehe3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxii4 #cj4 ,footnote #ehf3 ,cf4 ,luke xx4 #cf4 ,footnote #ehg3 ,cf4 #a ,john iii4 #b4 ,footnote #ehh3 ' 1 80 1 1 4 ,footnote #ehi3 4 ,cf4 ,cic]o1 de leg4 i43 8,jam v]o virtus eadem 9 hom9e ac deo e/1 neque ullo alio 9 g5io prt]ea4 ,e/ autem virtus nihil aliud1 quam 9 se p]fecta1 et ad summum p]ducta natura4 ,e/ igitur hom9i cum ,deo similitudo40 ,cf4 also ,clem5s ,alex4 ,/rom4 vii43 1 1 1 4 ,cf4 ,!odoret1 ,s]m4 xi4--,,sp5c]4 ,footnote #eij3 ,cf4 ,matt4 v4 #dh4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,x appe>s to me t ,celsus has also misund]/ood ?is /atem5t1 8,let u make man 9 our image & lik5ess20#eia & has !re=e repres5t$ ! 8worms0 z say+ t1 be+ creat$ by ,god1 we altoge!r resemble ,him4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he _h kn[n ! diff]5ce betwe5 man be+ creat$ 89 ! image ( ,god0 & 8aft] ,8 lik5ess10 & t ,god is record$ to h said1 8,let u make man aft] our image & lik5ess10 b t ,he made man 8aft] ! image0 ( ,god1 b n !n also 8aft] ,8 lik5ess10#eib he w\ld n h repres5t$ u z say+ t 8we are altoge!r l ,him40 ,moreov]1 we d n ass]t t ! />s are subject to u2 s9ce ! resurrection :i* is call$ ! 8resurrection ( ! j10 & :i* is und]/ood by wise m51 is comp>$ to ! sun1 & moon1 & />s1 by him :o said1 8,!re is "o glory ( ! sun1 & ano!r glory ( ! moon1 & ano!r glory ( ! />s2 = "o /> diff]e? f ano!r /> 9 glory4 ,s also is ! resurrection ( ! dead40#eic ,daniel also prophesi$ long ago reg>d+ ^! ?+s4#eid ,celsus says fur!r1 t we ass]t t 8all ?+s h be5 arrang$ s z to be subject to u10 hav+ p]haps he>d "s ( ! intellig5t among u speak+ to t effect1 & p]haps also n und]/&+ ! say+1 t 8he :o is ! greate/ among/ u is ! s]vant ( all40#eie ,& if ! ,greeks say1 8,!n sun & moon are ! slaves ( mortal m510#eif !y express approval ( ! /atem5t1 & give an explanation ( its mean+2 b s9ce su* a /atem5t is ei!r n made at all by u1 or is express$ 9 a diff]5t way1 ,celsus "h too falsely accuses u4 ,moreov]1 we :o1 accord+ to ,celsus1 are 8worms10 are repres5t$ by him z say+ t1 8see+ "s among u are guilty ( s91 ,god w come to u1 or w s5d ,8 own ,son1 t ,he may consume ! wick$1 & t we o!r frogs may enjoy et]nal life ) ,him40 ,obs]ve h[ ?is v5]able philosoph]1 l a l[ buffoon1#eig turns into ridicule & mock]y1 & a subject ( laught]1 ! ann\ncem5t ( a div9e judgm5t1 & ( ! puni%m5t ( ! wick$1 & ( ! rew>d ( ! righte\s2 & subjo9s to all ?is ! rem>k1 t 8su* /atem5ts w\ld be m endurable if made by worms & frogs ?an by ,*ri/ians & ,jews :o qu>rel ) "o ano!r60 ,we %all n1 h[ev]1 imitate 8 example1 nor say simil> ?+s reg>d+ ^? philosoph]s :o pr(ess to "k ! nature ( all ?+s1 & :o discuss ) ea* o!r ! mann] 9 :i* all ?+s 7 creat$1 & h[ ! heav5 & e>? orig9at$1 & all ?+s 9 !m2 & h[ ! s\ls ( m51 be+ ei!r unbegott51 & n creat$ by ,god1 are yet gov]n$ by ,him1 & pass f "o body to ano!r2#eih or be+ =m$ at ! same "t ) ! body1 exi/ = ev] or pass away4 ,= in/ead ( treat+ ) respect & accept+ ! int5tion ( ^? :o h devot$ !mselves to ! inve/igation ( ! tru?1 "o might mock+ly & revil+ly say t su* m5 7 8worms10 :o did n measure !mselves by _! corn] ( _! dung-heap 9 human life1 & :o accord+ly gave =? _! op9ions on matt]s ( su* importance z if !y und]/ood !m1 & :o /r5u\sly ass]t t !y h obta9$ a view ( ^? ?+s :i* _c be se5 )\t a high] inspiration & a div9] p[]4 8,= no man kn[e? ! ?+s ( a man1 save ! _s ( man :i* is 9 him3 ev5 s ! ?+s ( ,god kn[e? no man1 b ! ,_s ( ,god40#eii ,we are n1 h[ev]1 mad1 nor d we comp>e su* human wisdom 7,i use ! ^w 8wisdom0 9 ! common acceptation71 :i* busies itself n ab\t ! affairs ( ! multitude1 b 9 ! inve/igation ( tru?1 to ! wriggl+s ( worms or any o!r su* creatures2 b 9 ! _s ( tru?1 we te/ify ( c]ta9 ,greek philosoph]s t !y knew ,god1 see+ 8,he manife/$ ,himself to !m10#fjj al?\gh 8!y glorifi$ ,him n z ,god1 nei!r 7 ?ankful1 b became va9 9 _! imag9ations2 & pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise1 !y became fooli%1 & *ang$ ! glory ( ! incorruptible ,god into an image made l to corruptible man1 & to birds1 & f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s40#fja ,footnote #eia3 ,cf4 ,g54 i4 #bf4 ,footnote #eib3 ,cf4 ,g54 i4 #bg4 ,footnote #eic3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #da1 #db4 ,footnote #eid3 ,cf4 ,dan4 xii4 #c4 ,footnote #eie3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xx4 #bh4 ,footnote #eif3 ,cf4 ,eurip4 ,phniss4 #eab4 ,footnote #eig3 4 ,footnote #eih3 4 ,footnote #eii3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 ii4 #aa4 ,footnote #fjj3 ,cf4 ,rom4 i4 #ai4 ,footnote #fja3 ,rom4 i4 #ba-bc4 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,aft] ?is1 wi%+ to prove t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 & ^? animals previ\sly enum]at$ by him1 he ass]ts t ! ,jews 7 8fugitives f ,egypt1 :o nev] p]=m$ any?+ wor?y ( note1 & nev] 7 held 9 any reputation or acc\nt40#fjb ,n[1 on ! po9t ( _! n be+ fugitives1 nor ,egyptians1 b ,hebrews :o settl$ 9 ,egypt1 we h spok5 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,b if he ?9ks 8 /atem5t1 t 8!y 7 nev] held 9 any reputation or acc\nt10 to be prov$1 because no rem>kable ev5t 9 _! hi/ory is f\nd record$ by ! ,greeks1 we w\ld answ]1 t if "o w exam9e _! polity f its fir/ beg9n+1 & ! arrangem5t ( _! laws1 he w f9d t !y 7 m5 :o repres5t$ ^u e>? ! %ad[ ( a heav5ly life1 & t among/ !m ,god is recognis$ z no?+ else1 save ,he :o is ov] all ?+s1 & t among/ !m no mak] ( images 0 p]mitt$ to enjoy ! rights ( citiz5%ip4#fjc ,= nei!r pa9t] nor image-mak] exi/$ 9 _! /ate1 ! law expell+ all su* f x2 t !re might be no pretext = ! con/ruction ( images1--an art :i* attracts ! att5tion ( fooli% m51 & :i* drags d[n ! eyes ( ! s\l f ,god to e>?4 ,!re 01 accord+ly1 among/ !m a law to ! foll[+ effect3 8,d n transgress ! law1 & make to y\rselves a grav5 image1 any lik5ess ( male or female2 ei!r a lik5ess ( any "o ( ! creatures t are ^u ! e>?1 or a lik5ess ( any w+$ f[l t flie? "u ! heav51 or a lik5ess ( any creep+ ?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?1 or a lik5ess ( any ( ! fi%es :i* are 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?40#fjd ,! law1 inde$1 wi%$ !m to h reg>d to ! tru? ( ea* individual ?+1 & n to =m repres5tations ( ?+s contr>y to reality1 feign+ ! appe>ance m]ely ( :at 0 really male or really female1 or ! nature ( animals1 or ( birds1 or ( creep+ ?+s1 or ( fi%es4 ,v5]able1 too1 & gr& 0 ?is prohibition ( !irs3 8,lift n up ?9e eyes unto heav51 le/1 :5 ?\ see/ ! sun1 & ! moon1 & ! />s1 & all ! ho/ ( heav51 ?\ %\ld/ be l$ a/ray to wor%ip !m1 & s]ve !m40#fje ,& :at a rgime#fjf 0 t "u :i* ! :ole nation 0 plac$1 & :i* r5d]$ x impossible = any effem9ate p]son to appe> 9 public2#fjg & wor?y ( admiration1 too1 0 ! arrangem5t by :i* h>lots 7 remov$ out ( ! /ate1 ^? inc5tives to ! passions ( ! y\?6 ,_! c\rts ( ju/ice also 7 compos$ ( m5 ( ! /ricte/ integrity1 :o1 aft] hav+ = a l5g!n$ p]iod set ! example ( an un/a9$ life1 7 entru/$ ) ! duty ( presid+ ov] ! tribunals1 & :o1 on acc\nt ( ! sup]human purity ( _! "*1#fjh 7 said to be gods1 9 con=mity ) an anci5t ,jewi% usage ( spee*4 ,"h 0 ! spectacle ( a :ole nation devot$ to philosophy2 & 9 ord] t !re might be leisure to li/5 to _! sacr$ laws1 ! days t]m$ 8,sabba?10 & ! o!r fe/ivals :i* exi/$ among !m1 7 in/itut$4 ,& :y ne$ ,i speak ( ! ord]s ( _! prie/s & sacrifices1 :i* conta9 innum]able indications ( deep] tru?s to ^? :o wi% to asc]ta9 ! signification ( ?+s8 ,footnote #fjb3 ' 1 ' 4 ,footnote #fjc3 4 ,footnote #fjd3 ,cf4 ,deut4 iv4 #af-ah4 ,footnote #fje3 ,cf4 ,deut4 iv4 #ai4 ,footnote #fjf3 4 ,footnote #fjg3 ' 4 ,footnote #fjh3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,b s9ce no?+ belong+ to human nature is p]man5t1 ?is polity also mu/ gradually be corrupt$ & *ang$4 ,& ,provid5ce1 hav+ remodell$ _! v5]able sy/em :]e x ne$$ to be *ang$1 s z to adapt x to m5 ( all c\ntries1 gave to believ]s ( all nations1 9 place ( ! ,jews1 ! v5]able religion ( ,jesus1 :o1 be+ adorn$ n only ) und]/&+1 b also ) a %>e ( div9ity1#fji & hav+ ov]?r[n ! doctr9e reg>d+ e>?ly demons1 :o delight 9 frank9c5se1 & blood1 & 9 ! exhalations ( sacrificial od\rs1 & :o1 l ! fabl$ ,titans or ,giants1 drag d[n m5 f ?\ghts ( ,god2 & hav+ ,himself disreg>d$ _! plots1 direct$ *iefly aga9/ ! bett] class ( m51 enact$ laws :i* ensure happ9ess to ^? :o live accord+ to !m1 & :o d n flatt] ! demons by means ( sacrifices1 b altoge!r despise !m1 ?r\gh help ( ! ^w ( ,god1 :i* aids ^? :o look upw>ds to ,him4 ,& z x 0 ! w ( ,god t ! doctr9e ( ,jesus %\ld prevail among/ m51 ! demons c\ld effect no?+1 al?\gh /ra9+ e n]ve#faj to accompli% ! de/ruction ( ,*ri/ians2 = !y /irr$ up bo? pr9ces1 & s5ates1 & rul]s 9 e place1--nay1 ev5 nations !mselves1 :o did n p]ceive ! irrational & wick$ proc$ure ( ! demons1--aga9/ ! ^w1 & ^? :o believ$ 9 x2 yet1 not)/&+1 ! ^w ( ,god1 :i* is m p[]ful ?an all o!r ?+s1 ev5 :5 meet+ ) opposition1 d]iv+ f ! opposition1 z x 71 a means ( increase1 advanc$ onw>ds1 & won _m s\ls1 su* be+ ! w ( ,god4 ,& we h (f]$ ^! rem>ks by way ( a necess>y digression4 ,= we wi%$ to answ] ! ass]tion ( ,celsus conc]n+ ! ,jews1 t !y 7 8fugitives f ,egypt1 & t ^! m51 belov$ by ,god1 nev] accompli%$ any?+ wor?y ( note40 ,& fur!r1 9 answ] to ! /atem5t t 8!y 7 nev] held 9 any reputation or acc\nt10 we say1 t liv+ ap>t z a 8*os5 nation & a royal prie/hood10 & %unn+ int]c\rse ) ! _m nations ar\nd !m1 9 ord] t _! morals might escape corruption1 !y enjoy$ ! protection ( ! div9e p[]1 nei!r covet+ l ! mo/ ( mank9d ! acquisition ( o!r k+doms1 nor yet be+ ab&on$ s z to become1 on acc\nt ( _! smallness1 an easy object ( attack to o!rs1 & ?us be altoge!r de/roy$2 & ?is la/$ s long z !y 7 wor?y ( ! div9e protection4 ,b :5 x became necess>y = !m1 z a nation :olly giv5 to s91 to be br\ght back by _! suff]+s to _! ,god1 !y 7 ab&on$ by ,him1 sometimes = a long]1 sometimes = a %ort] p]iod1 until 9 ! "t ( ! ,romans1 hav+ committ$ ! greate/ ( s9s 9 putt+ ,jesus to dea?1 !y 7 completely des]t$4 ,footnote #fji3 4 ,footnote #faj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is1 ,celsus1 assail+ ! cont5ts ( ! fir/ book ( ,moses1 :i* is entitl$ 8,g5esis10 ass]ts t 8! ,jews accord+ly endeav\r$ to d]ive _! orig9 f ! fir/ race ( juggl]s & deceiv]s1#faa appeal+ to ! te/imony ( d>k & ambigu\s words1 ^: mean+ 0 veil$ 9 obscurity1 & :i* !y mis9t]pret$#fab to ! unle>n$ & ignorant1 & t1 too1 :5 su* a po9t _h nev] be5 call$ 9 "q dur+ ! long prec$+ p]iod40 ,n[ ,celsus appe>s to me 9 ^! words to h express$ v obscurely ! mean+ :i* he int5d$ to convey4 ,x is probable1 inde$1 t 8 obscurity on ?is subject is int5tional1 inasmu* z he saw ! /r5g? ( ! argum5t :i* e/abli%es ! desc5t ( ! ,jews f _! ance/ors2 :ile aga91 on ! o!r h&1 he wi%$ n to appe> ignorant t ! "q reg>d+ ! ,jews & _! desc5t 0 "o t c\ld n be lightly dispos$ (4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ! ,jews trace _! g5ealogy back to ! ?ree fa!rs1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob4 ,& ! names ( ^! individuals possess su* efficacy1 :5 unit$ ) ! "n ( ,god1 t n only d ^? belong+ to ! nation employ 9 _! pray]s to ,god1 & 9 ! exorcis+ ( demons1 ! words1 8,god ( ,abraham1 & ,god ( ,isaac1 & ,god ( ,jacob10 b s also d almo/ all ^? :o occupy !mselves ) incantations & magical rites4 ,= !re is f\nd 9 treatises on magic 9 _m c\ntries su* an invocation ( ,god1 & assumption ( ! div9e "n1 z implies a famili> use ( x by ^! m5 9 _! deal+s ) demons4 ,^! facts1 !n--adduc$ by ,jews & ,*ri/ians to prove ! sacr$ "* ( ,abraham1 & ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 ! fa!rs ( ! ,jewi% race--appe> to me n to h be5 altoge!r unkn[n to ,celsus1 b n to h be5 di/9ctly set =? by him1 because he 0 unable to answ] ! argum5t :i* might be f\nd$ on !m4 ,footnote #faa3 4 ,footnote #fab3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,= we inquire ( all ^? :o employ su* invocations ( ,god1 say+3 ,tell u1 fri5ds1 :o 0 ,abraham1 & :at sort ( p]son 0 ,isaac1 & :at p[] did ,jacob possess1 t ! appellation 8,god10 :5 jo9$ ) _! "n1 c\ld effect su* wond]s8 ,& f :om h y le>n$1 or c y le>n1 ! facts relat+ to ^! individuals8 ,& :o has occupi$ himself ) writ+ a hi/ory ab\t !m1 ei!r directly magnify+ ^! m5 by ascrib+ to !m my/]i\s p[]s1 or h9t+ obscurely at _! possession ( c]ta9 great & m>vell\s qualities1 pat5t to ^? :o are qualifi$ to see !m8#fac ,& :51 9 answ] to our inquiry1 no "o c %[ f :at hi/ory--:e!r ,greek or b>b>ian--or1 if n a hi/ory1 yet at lea/ f :at my/ical n>rative1#fad ! acc\nts ( ^! m5 are d]iv$1 we %all br+ =w>d ! book entitl$ 8,g5esis10 :i* conta9s ! acts ( ^! m51 & ! div9e oracles address$ to !m1 & w say1 ,does n ! use by y ( ! names ( ^! ?ree ance/ors ( ! race1 e/abli%+ 9 ! cle>e/ mann] t effects n to be lightly reg>d$ are produc$ by ! invocation ( !m1 evid5ce ! div9ity ( ! m58#fae ,& yet we "k !m f no o!r s\rce ?an ! sacr$ books ( ! ,jews6 ,moreov]1 ! phrases1 8! ,god ( ,israel10 & 8! ,god ( ! ,hebrews10 & 8! ,god :o dr[n$ 9 ! ,r$ ,sea ! k+ ( ,egypt & ! ,egyptians10 are =mul frequ5tly employ$ aga9/ demons & c]ta9 wick$ p[]s4 ,& we le>n ! hi/ory ( ! names & _! int]pretation f ^? ,hebrews1 :o 9 _! national lit]ature & national tongue dwell ) pride ^u ^! ?+s1 & expla9 _! mean+4 ,h[1 !n1 %\ld ! ,jews attempt to d]ive _! orig9 f ! fir/ race ( ^? :om ,celsus suppos$ to be juggl]s & deceiv]s1 & %amelessly endeav\r to trace !mselves & _! beg9n+ back to ^!8--^: names1 be+ ,hebrew1 are an evid5ce to ! ,hebrews1 :o h _! sacr$ books writt5 9 ! ,hebrew language & lett]s1 t _! nation is ak9 to ^! m54 ,= up to ! pres5t "t1 ! ,jewi% names belong+ to ! ,hebrew language 7 ei!r tak5 f _! writ+s1 or g5]ally f words ! mean+ ( :i* 0 made kn[n by ! ,hebrew language4 ,footnote #fac3 1 ' 4 ,footnote #fad3 4 ,footnote #fae3 ' 1 1 1 2 ,guietus w\ld expunge ! words 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,& let any "o :o p]uses ! treatise ( ,celsus obs]ve :e!r x does n convey "s su* ins9uation z ! above1 :5 he says3 8,& !y attempt$ to d]ive _! orig9 f ! fir/ race ( juggl]s & deceiv]s1 appeal+ to ! te/imony ( d>k & ambigu\s words1 ^: mean+ 0 veil$ 9 obscurity40 ,= ^! names are inde$ obscure1 & n )9 ! compreh5sion & k ( _m1 ?\gh n 9 our op9ion ( d\btful mean+1 ev5 al?\gh assum$ by ^? :o are ali5s to our religion2 b z1 accord+ to ,celsus1 !y d n#faf convey any ambiguity1 ,i am at a loss to "k :y he has reject$ !m4 ,& yet1 if he _h wi%$ hone/ly to ov]turn ! g5ealogy :i* he deem$ ! ,jews to h s %amelessly arrogat$1 9 boa/+ ( ,abraham & 8 desc5dants z _! prog5itors1 he ought to h quot$ all ! passages be>+ on ! subject2 &1 9 ! fir/ place1 to h advocat$ 8 cause ) su* argum5ts z he ?\ght likely to be conv9c+1 & 9 ! next to h bravely#fag refut$1 by means ( :at appe>$ to him to be ! true mean+1 & by argum5ts 9 its fav\r1 ! errors exi/+ on ! subject4 ,b nei!r ,celsus nor any "o else w be able1 by _! discussions reg>d+ ! nature ( names employ$ = miracul\s purposes1 to lay d[n ! correct doctr9e reg>d+ !m1 & to demon/rate t ^? m5 7 to be lightly e/eem$ ^: names m]ely1 n among _! c\ntrym5 alone1 b also among/ =eign]s1 c\ld accompli% su* results4 ,he ought to h %[n1 moreov]1 h[ we1 9 mis9t]pret+#fah ! passages 9 :i* ^! names are f\nd1 deceive our he>]s1 z he imag9es1 :ile he himself1 :o boa/s t he is n ignorant or un9tellig5t1 gives ! true int]pretation ( !m4 ,& he haz>d$ ! ass]tion1#fai 9 speak+ ( ^? names1 f :i* ! ,jews d$uce _! g5ealogies1 t 8nev]1 dur+ ! long antec$5t p]iod1 has !re be5 any dispute ab\t ^! names1 b t at ! pres5t "t ! ,jews dispute ab\t !m ) c]ta9 o!rs10 :om he does n m5tion4 ,n[1 let him :o *ooses %[ :o ^! are t dispute ) ! ,jews1 & :o adduce ev5 probable argum5ts to %[ t ,jews & ,*ri/ians d n decide correctly on ! po9ts relat+ to ^! names1 b t !re are o!rs :o h discuss$ ^! que/ions ) ! greate/ le>n+ & accuracy4 ,b we are well assur$ t none c e/abli% any?+ ( ! sort1 x be+ manife/ t ^! names are d]iv$ f ! ,hebrew language1 :i* is f\nd only among ! ,jews4 ,footnote #faf3 1 4 ,libri editi ad oram 4 ,footnote #fag3 4 ,footnote #fah3 4 ,footnote #fai3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,celsus 9 ! next place1 produc+ f hi/ory o!r ?an t ( ! div9e record1 ^? passages :i* be> ^u ! claims to great antiquity put =? by _m nations1 z ! ,a!nians1 & ,egyptians1 & ,arcadians1 & ,phrygians1 :o ass]t t c]ta9 individuals h exi/$ among !m :o sprang f ! e>?1 & :o ea* adduce pro(s ( ^! ass]tions1 says3 8,! ,jews1 !n1 lead+ a grovell+ life#fbj 9 "s corn] ( ,pale/9e1 & be+ a :olly un$ucat$ p1 :o _h n he>d t ^! matt]s _h be5 committ$ to v]se long ago by ,hesiod & innum]able o!r inspir$ m51 wove toge!r "s mo/ incr$ible & insipid /ories1#fba viz4 t a c]ta9 man 0 =m$ by ! h&s ( ,god1 & _h brea!d into him ! brea? ( life1 & t a woman 0 tak5 f 8 side1 & t ,god issu$ c]ta9 comm&s1 & t a s]p5t oppos$ ^!1 & ga9$ a victory ov] ! comm&m5ts ( ,god2 ?us relat+ c]ta9 old wives' fables1 & mo/ impi\sly repres5t+ ,god z weak at ! v beg9n+ ( ?+s1 & unable to conv9ce ev5 a s+le human be+ :om ,he ,himself _h =m$40 ,by ^! in/ances1 inde$1 ?is deeply read & le>n$ ,celsus1 :o accuses ,jews & ,*ri/ians ( ignorance & want ( in/ruction1 cle>ly ev9ces ! accuracy ( 8 k ( ! *ronology ( ! respective hi/orians1 :e!r ,greek or ,b>b>ian1 s9ce he imag9es t ,hesiod & ! 8innum]able0 o!rs1 :om he /yles 8inspir$0 m51 are old] ?an ,moses & 8 writ+s--t v ,moses :o is %[n to be mu* old] ?an ! "t ( ! ,trojan w>6 ,x is n ! ,jews1 !n1 :o h compos$ incr$ible & insipid /ories reg>d+ ! bir? ( man f ! e>?1 b ^! 8inspir$0 m5 ( ,celsus1 ,hesiod & 8 o!r 8innum]able0 companions1 :o1 hav+ nei!r le>n$ nor he>d ( ! f> old] & mo/ v5]able acc\nts exi/+ 9 ,pale/9e1 h writt5 su* hi/ories z _! ,!ogonies1 attribut+1 s f> z 9 _! p[]1 8g5]ation0 to _! deities1 & innum]able o!r absurdities4 ,& ^! are ! writ]s :om ,plato expels f 8 8,/ate0 z be+ corrupt]s ( ! y\?1#fbb--;,hom]1 viz41 & ^? :o h compos$ poems ( a simil> description6 ,n[ x is evid5t t ,plato did n reg>d z 8inspir$0 ^? m5 :o _h left beh9d !m su* works4 ,b p]haps x 0 f a desire to ca/ reproa* ^u u1 t ?is ,epicurean ,celsus1 :o is bett] able to judge ?an ,plato 7if x be ! same ,celsus :o compos$ two o!r books aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians71 call$ ^? individuals 8inspir$0 :om he did n 9 reality reg>d z su*4 ,footnote #fbj3 4 ,footnote #fba3 4 ,footnote #fbb3 ,cf4 ,plato1 de ,repub4 ,book ii4 etc4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,he *>ges u1 moreov]1 ) introduc+ 8a man =m$ by ! h&s ( ,god10 al?\gh ! book ( ,g5esis has made no m5tion ( ! 8h&s0 ( ,god1 ei!r :5 relat+ ! creation or ! 8fa%ion+0#fbc ( ! man2 :ile x is ,job & ,david :o h us$ ! expression1 8,?y h&s h made me & fa%ion$ me20#fbd ) ref]5ce to :i* x w\ld ne$ a l5g!n$ disc\rse to po9t out ! s5se 9 :i* ^! words 7 und]/ood by ^? :o us$ !m1 bo? z reg>ds ! diff]5ce betwe5 8mak+0 & 8fa%ion+10 & also ! 8h&s0 ( ,god4 ,= ^? :o d n und]/& ^! & simil> expressions 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 imag9e t we attribute to ! ,god :o is ov] all ?+s a =m#fbe su* z t ( man2 & accord+ to _! conceptions1 x foll[s t we consid] ! body ( ,god to be furni%$ ) w+s1 s9ce ! ,scriptures1 lit]ally und]/ood1 attribute su* app5dages to ,god4 ,! subject be=e u1 h[ev]1 does n require u to int]pret ^! expressions2 =1 9 our explanatory rem>ks ^u ! book ( ,g5esis1 ^! matt]s h be5 made1 to ! be/ ( our ability1 a special subject ( inve/igation4 ,obs]ve next ! malignity#fbf ( ,celsus 9 :at foll[s4 ,= ! ,scripture1 speak+ ( ! 8fa%ion+0#fbg ( ! man1 says1 8,& brea!d into 8 face ! brea? ( life1 & ! man became a liv+ s\l40#fbh ,:]eon ,celsus1 wi%+ malici\sly to ridicule ! 8inbrea?+ into 8 face ( ! brea? ( life10 & n und]/&+ ! s5se 9 :i* ! expression 0 employ$1 /ates t 8!y compos$ a /ory t a man 0 fa%ion$ by ! h&s ( ,god1 & 0 inflat$ by brea? bl[n into him10#fbi 9 ord] t1 tak+ ! ^w 8inflat$0 to be us$ 9 a simil> way to ! inflation ( sk9s1 he might ridicule ! /atem5t1 8,he brea!d into 8 face ! brea? ( life10--t]ms :i* are us$ figuratively1 & require to be expla9$ 9 ord] to %[ t ,god communicat$ to man ( ,8 incorruptible ,_s2 z x is said1 8,= ,?9e incorruptible ,_s is 9 all ?+s40#fcj ,footnote #fbc3 4 ,footnote #fbd3 ,cf4 ,job x4 #h & ,ps4 cxix4 #gc4 ,footnote #fbe3 4 ,footnote #fbf3 4 ,footnote #fbg3 4 ,footnote #fbh3 ,g54 ii4 #g2 ,heb4 1 ,,lxx4 4 ,footnote #fbi3 4 ,footnote #fcj3 ,wisd4 ( ,solom4 xii4 #a4 ,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,9 ! next place1 z x is 8 object to sl&] our ,scriptures1 he ridicules ! foll[+ /atem5t3 8,& ,god caus$ a deep sleep to fall ^u ,adam1 & he slept3 & ,he took "o ( 8 ribs1 & clos$ up ! fle% in/ead !re(4 ,& ! rib1 :i* ,he _h tak5 f ! man1 made ,he a woman10#fca & s on2 )\t quot+ ! words1 :i* w\ld give ! he>] ! impression t !y are spok5 ) a figurative mean+4 ,he w\ld n ev5 h x appe> t ! words 7 us$ allegorically1 al?\gh he says aft]w>ds1 t 8! m mode/ among ,jews & ,*ri/ians are a%am$ ( ^! ?+s1 & endeav\r to give !m someh[ an allegorical signification40 ,n[ we might say to him1 ,are ! /atem5ts ( y\r 8inspir$0 ,hesiod1 :i* he makes reg>d+ ! woman 9 ! =m ( a my?1 to be expla9$ allegorically1 9 ! s5se t %e 0 giv5 by ,jove to m5 z an evil ?+1 & z a retribution = ! !ft ( 8! fire20#fcb :ile t reg>d+ ! woman :o 0 tak5 f ! side ( ! man 7aft] he _h be5 buri$ 9 deep slumb]71 & 0 =m$ by ,god1 appe>s to y to be relat$ )\t any rational mean+ & secret signification8#fcc ,b is x n unc&id1 n to ridicule ! =m] z my?s1 b to admire !m z philosophical ideas 9 a my?ical dress1 & to treat ) contempt#fcd ! latt]1 z (f5d+ ! und]/&+1 & to decl>e t !y are ( no acc\nt8 ,= if1 because ( ! m]e phraseology1 we are to f9d fault ) :at is int5d$ to h a secret mean+1 see :e!r ! foll[+ l9es ( ,hesiod1 a man1 z y say1 8inspir$10 are n bett] fitt$ to excite laught]3 8#8,son ( ,iapetus6' ) wra?ful he>t1 ,spake ! cl\d-ga!r]3 #8,oh1 unmat*$ 9 art6 ,exulte/ ?\ 9 ?is ! flame retriev$1 ,& do/ ?\ triumph 9 ! ,god deceiv$8 ,b ?\1 ) ! po/]ity ( man1 ,%alt rue ! fraud :5ce mighti] ills began2 ,i w s5d evil = ?y /eal?y fire1 ,:ile all embrace x1 & _! bane desire4' ,! sire1 :o rules ! e>?1 & sways ! pole1 ,_h said1 & laught] fill'd 8 secret s\l4 ,he bade ! arti/-god 8 he/ obey1 ,& m\ld ) temp]+ wat]s ductile clay3 ,infuse1 z brea?+ life & =m began1 ,! supple vig\r1 & ! voice ( man3 ,h] aspect fair z goddesses above1 ,a virg9's lik5ess1 ) ! br[s ( love4 ,he bade ,m9]va tea* ! skill t dyes ,! web ) col\rs1 z ! %uttle flies2 ,he call$ ! magic ( ,love's ,que5 to %$ ,a nameless grace ar\nd h] c\rte\s head2 ,in/il ! wi% t longs ) re/less aim1 ,& c>es ( dress t fe$ ^u ! frame3 ,bade ,h]mes la/ implant ! craft ref9$ ,( artful mann]s1 & a %ameless m9d4 ,he said2 _! k+ ?' inf]ior p[]s obey$3 ,! fictile lik5ess ( a ba%ful maid ,rose f ! temp]'d e>?1 by ,jove's behe/1 ,"u ! =m+ ,god2 ! zone & ve/ ,7 clasp'd & fold$ by ,m9]va's h&3 ,! heav5-born graces1 & p]suasion bl& ,deck'd h] r\nd limbs ) *a9s ( gold3 ! h\rs ,( loose locks tw9$ h] temples ) spr+ fl[]s4 ,! :ole attire ,m9]va's curi\s c>e ,=m'd to h] %ape1 & fitt$ to h] air4 ,b 9 h] brea/ ! h]ald f above1 ,full ( ! c\nsels ( deep ?und]+ ,jove1 ,wr\ght artful mann]s1 wr\ght p]fidi\s lies1 ,& spee* t ?rills ! blood1 & lulls ! wise4 ,h] did ?' int]pret] ( ,gods proclaim1 ,& nam$ ! woman ) ,p&ora's "n2 ,s9ce all ! gods conf]r'd _! gifts1 to *>m1 ,= man's inv5tive race1 ?is beaute\s h>m40#fce ,moreov]1 :at is said also ab\t ! casket is fitt$ ( itself to excite laught]2 = example3 8,:ilome on e>? ! sons ( m5 abode ,f ills ap>t1 & lab\r's irksome load1 ,& sore diseases1 br++ age to man2 ,n[ ! sad life ( mortals is a span4 ,! woman's h&s a mighty casket be>2 ,%e lifts ! lid2 %e scatt]s griefs 9 air3 ,alone1 b5ea? ! vessels' rims deta9$1 ,hope /ill )9 ?' unbrok5 cell rema9$1 ,nor fl$ abroad2 s w'd cl\d-ga!r] ,jove3 ,! woman's h& _h dropp'd ! lid above40#fcf ,n[1 to him :o w\ld give to ^! l9es a grave allegorical mean+ 7:e!r any su* mean+ be conta9$ 9 !m or n71 we w\ld say3 ,are ! ,greeks alone at lib]ty to convey a philosophic mean+ 9 a secret cov]+8 or p]haps also ! ,egyptians1 & ^? ( ! b>b>ians :o pride !mselves ^u _! my/]ies & ! tru? :i* is conceal$ )9 !m2 :ile ! ,jews alone1 ) _! lawgiv] & hi/orians1 appe> to y ! mo/ un9tellig5t ( m58 ,& is ?is ! only nation :i* has n receiv$ a %>e ( div9e p[]1 & :i* yet 0 s gr&ly in/ruct$ h[ to rise upw>ds to ! uncreat$ nature ( ,god1 & to gaze on ,him alone1 & to expect f ,him alone ! fulfilm5t ( _! hopes8 ,footnote #fca3 ,cf4 ,g54 ii4 #ba1 #bb4 ,footnote #fcb3 4 ,footnote #fcc3 4 ,footnote #fcd3 4 ,footnote #fce3 ,hesiod1 ,works & ,days1 i4 v4 #gc-aad 7,elton's translation74 ,footnote #fcf3 ,hesiod1 ,works & ,days1 i4 v4 #abe-acd 7,elton's translation74 ,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,b z ,celsus makes a je/ also ( ! s]p5t1 z c\nt]act+ ! injunctions giv5 by ,god to ! man1 tak+ ! n>rative to be an old wife's fable1#fcg & has purposely nei!r m5tion$ ! p>adise#fch ( ,god1 nor /at$ t ,god is said to h plant$ x 9 ,ed5 t[>ds ! ea/1 & t !re aft]w>ds sprang up f ! e>? e tree t 0 beautiful to ! sight1 & good = food1 & ! tree ( life 9 ! mid/ ( ! p>adise1 & ! tree ( ! k ( good & evil1 & ! o!r /atem5ts :i* foll[1 :i* might ( !mselves lead a c&id read] to see t all ^! ?+s _h n inappropriately an allegorical mean+1 let u contra/ ) ?is ! words ( ,socrates reg>d+ ,eros 9 ! ,symposium ( ,plato1 & :i* are put 9 ! m\? ( ,socrates z be+ m appropriate ?an :at 0 said reg>d+ him by all ! o!rs at ! ,symposium4 ,! words ( ,plato are z foll[3 8,:5 ,aphrodite 0 born1 ! gods held a banquet1 & !re 0 pres5t1 along ) ! o!rs1 ,porus ! son ( ,metis4 ,& aft] !y _h d9$1 ,p5ia#fci came to beg = some?+ 7see+ !re 0 an ent]ta9m5t71 & %e /ood at ! gate4 ,porus meantime1 hav+ become intoxicat$ ) ! nect> 7= !re 0 !n no w9e71 w5t into ! g>d5 ( ,zeus1 & be+ heavy ) liquor1 lay d[n to sleep4 ,p5ia accord+ly =m$ a secret plot1 ) a view ( free+ h]self f h] condition ( pov]ty1#fdj to get a *ild by ,porus1 & accord+ly lay d[n beside him1 & became pregnant ) ,eros4 ,& on ?is acc\nt ,eros has become ! foll[] & att5dant ( ,aphrodite1 hav+ be5 begott5 on h] bir?-day fea/1#fda & be+ at ! same "t by nature a lov] ( ! beautiful1 because ,aphrodite too is beautiful4 ,see+1 !n1 t ,eros is ! son ( ,porus & ,p5ia1 ! foll[+ is 8 condition4#fdb ,9 ! fir/ place1 he is always poor1 & f> f be+ delicate & beautiful1 z mo/ p]sons imag9e2 b is )]$1 & sunburnt1#fdc & un%od1 & )\t a home1 sleep+ always ^u ! gr\nd1 & )\t a cov]+2 ly+ 9 ! op5 air beside gates1 & on public roads2 possess+ ! nature ( 8 "m1 & dwell+ cont9ually ) indig5ce4#fdd ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 9 con=mity ) ! "* ( 8 fa!r1 he is giv5 to plott+ aga9/ ! beautiful & ! good1 be+ c\rage\s1 & ha/y1 & vehem5t2#fde a ke5#fdf hunt]1 p]petually devis+ contrivances2 bo? mu* giv5 to =e?\ght1 & also f]tile 9 res\rces2#fdg act+ l a philosoph] ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( 8 life2 a t]rible#fdh sorc]]1 & deal] 9 drugs1 & a sophi/ z well2 nei!r immortal by nature nor yet mortal1 b on ! same day1 at "o "t he fl\ri%es & lives :5 he has pl5ty1 & aga9 at ano!r "t dies1 & once m is recall$ to life ?r\gh possess+ ! nature ( 8 fa!r4 ,b ! supplies furni%$ to him are always gradually disappe>+1 s t he is nev] at any "t 9 want1 nor yet ri*2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 he occupies an int]m$iate position betwe5 wisdom & ignorance40 ,n[1 if ^? :o read ^! words 7 to imitate ! malignity ( ,celsus--:i* be x f> f ,*ri/ians to d6--!y w\ld ridicule ! my?1 & w\ld turn ?is great ,plato into a subject ( je/2 b if1 on inve/igat+ 9 a philosophic _s :at is convey$ 9 ! dress ( a my?1 !y %\ld be able to discov] ! mean+ ( ,plato1 !y w admire#fdi ! mann] 9 :i* he 0 able to conceal1 on acc\nt ( ! multitude1 9 ! =m ( ?is my?1 ! great ideas :i* pres5t$ !mselves to him1 & to speak 9 a befitt+ mann] to ^? :o "k h[ to asc]ta9 f ! my?s ! true mean+ ( him :o wove !m toge!r4 ,n[ ,i h br\ght =w>d ?is my? occurr+ 9 ! writ+s ( ,plato1 because ( ! m5tion 9 x ( ! g>d5 ( ,zeus1 :i* appe>s to be> "s resemblance to ! p>adise ( ,god1 & ( ! comp>ison betwe5 ,p5ia & ! s]p5t1 & ! plot aga9/ ,porus by ,p5ia1 :i* may be comp>$ ) ! plot ( ! s]p5t aga9/ ! man4 ,x is n v cle>1 inde$1 :e!r ,plato fell 9 ) ^! /ories by *ance1 or :e!r1 z "s ?9k1 meet+ dur+ 8 visit to ,egypt ) c]ta9 individuals :o philosophiz$ on ! ,jewi% my/]ies1 & le>n+ "s ?+s f !m1 he may h pres]v$ a few ( _! ideas1 & ?r[n o!rs aside1 be+ c>eful n to (f5d ! ,greeks by a complete adoption ( all ! po9ts ( ! philosophy ( ! ,jews1 :o 7 9 bad repute ) ! multitude1 on acc\nt ( ! =eign "* ( _! laws & _! peculi> polity4 ,! pres5t1 h[ev]1 is n ! prop] "t = expla9+ ei!r ! my? ( ,plato1 or ! /ory ( ! s]p5t & ! p>adise ( ,god1 & all t is relat$ to h tak5 place 9 x1 z 9 our exposition ( ! book ( ,g5esis we h especially occupi$ ourselves z we be/ c\ld ) ^! matt]s4 ,footnote #fcg3 8 0 4 ,footnote #fch3 4 ,footnote #fci3 ,p5ia1 pov]ty2 ,porus1 abundance4 ,footnote #fdj3 4 ,footnote #fda3 4 ,footnote #fdb3 4 ,footnote #fdc3 4 ,footnote #fdd3 4 ,footnote #fde3 4 ,footnote #fdf3 4 ,footnote #fdg3 4 ,footnote #fdh3 4 ,footnote #fdi3 ,boh]ellus1 quem ,rueus sequitur1 9 notis2 8,ante voces3 1 videtur deesse3 1 aut quid simile40--,,lommatzs*4 ,*apt] ,,xl4 ,b z he ass]ts t 8! ,mosaic n>rative mo/ impi\sly repres5ts ,god z 9 a /ate ( weakness f ! v comm5cem5t ( ?+s1 & z unable to ga9 ov] to ob$i5ce ev5 "o s+le man :om ,he ,himself _h =m$10 we say 9 answ] t ! objection#fej is mu* ! same z if "o 7 to f9d fault ) ! exi/5ce ( evil1 :i* ,god has n be5 able to prev5t ev5 9 ! case ( a s+le individual1 s t "o man might be f\nd f ! v beg9n+ ( ?+s :o 0 born into ! _w unta9t$ by s94 ,= z ^? ^: bus9ess x is to def5d ! doctr9e ( provid5ce d s by means ( argum5ts :i* are n to be despis$1#fea s also ! subjects ( ,adam & 8 son w be philosophically dealt ) by ^? :o are aw>e t 9 ! ,hebrew language ,adam signifies man2 & t 9 ^? p>ts ( ! n>rative :i* appe> to ref] to ,adam z an individual1 ,moses is disc\rs+ ^u ! nature ( man 9 g5]al4#feb ,= 89 ,adam0 7z ! ,scripture#fec says7 8all die10 & 7 condemn$ 9 ! lik5ess ( ,adam's transgression1 ! ^w ( ,god ass]t+ ?is n s mu* ( "o p>ticul> individual z ( ! :ole human race4 ,= 9 ! connect$ s]ies ( /atem5ts :i* appe>s to apply z to "o p>ticul> individual1 ! curse pron\nc$ ^u ,adam is reg>d$ z common to all ! memb]s ( ! race1 & :at 0 spok5 ) ref]5ce to ! woman is spok5 ( e woman )\t exception4#fed ,& ! expulsion ( ! man & woman f p>adise1 & _! be+ clo!d ) tunics ( sk9s 7:i* ,god1 because ( ! transgression ( m51 made = ^? :o _h s9n$71 conta9 a c]ta9 secret & my/ical doctr9e 7f> transc5d+ t ( ,plato7 ( ! s\l's los+ its w+s1#fee & be+ borne d[nw>ds to e>?1 until x c lay hold ( "s /able re/+-place4 ,footnote #fej3 4 ,footnote #fea3 4 ,footnote #feb3 4 ,footnote #fec3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #bb ) ,rom4 v4 #ad4 ,footnote #fed3 ' 4 ,footnote #fee3 4 ,?is is a correction = 1 ! textual read+ 9 ! ,b5$ict9e & ,sp5c]'s edd4 ,*apt] ,,xli4 ,aft] ?is he cont9ues z foll[s3 8,!y speak1 9 ! next place1 ( a deluge1 & ( a mon/r\s#fef ark1 hav+ )9 x all ?+s1 & ( a dove & a cr[#feg z mess5g]s1 falsify+ & recklessly alt]+#feh ! /ory ( ,deucalion2 n expect+1 ,i suppose1 t ^! ?+s w\ld come to light1 b imag9+ t !y 7 inv5t+ /ories m]ely = "y *ildr540 ,n[ 9 ^! rem>ks obs]ve ! ho/ility--s unbecom+ a philosoph]--display$ by ?is man t[>ds ?is v anci5t ,jewi% n>rative4 ,=1 n be+ able to say any?+ aga9/ ! hi/ory ( ! deluge1 & n p]ceiv+ :at he might h urg$ aga9/ ! ark & its dim5sions1--viz4 t1 accord+ to ! g5]al op9ion1 :i* accept$ ! /atem5ts t x 0 ?ree hundr$ cubits 9 l5g?1 & fifty 9 bread?1 & ?irty 9 height1 x 0 impossible to ma9ta9 t x conta9$ all ! animals t 7 ^u ! e>?1 f\rte5 specim5s ( e clean & f\r ( e unclean bea/1--he m]ely t]m$ x 8mon/r\s1 conta9+ all ?+s )9 x40 ,n[ :]e9 0 its 8mon/r\s0 "*1 see+ x is relat$ to h be5 a hundr$ ye>s 9 build+1 & to h _h ! ?ree hundr$ cubits ( its l5g? & ! fifty ( its bread? contract$1 until ! ?irty cubits ( its height t]m9at$ 9 a top "o cubit long & "o cubit broad8 ,:y %\ld we n r admire a /ructure :i* resembl$ an ext5sive city1 if its measurem5ts be tak5 to mean :at !y are capable ( mean+1#fei s t x 0 n9e myriads ( cubits long 9 ! base1 & two ?\s& five hundr$ 9 bread?8 ,& :y %\ld we n admire ! design ev9c$ 9 hav+ x s compactly built1 & r5d]$ capable ( su/a9+ a tempe/ :i* caus$ a deluge8 ,= x 0 n daub$ ) pit*1 or any mat]ial ( t k9d1 b 0 securely coat$ ) bitum54 ,& is x n a subject ( admiration1 t by ! provid5tial arrangem5t ( ,god1 ! elem5ts ( all ! races 7 br\ght into x1 t ! e>? might receive aga9 ! se$s ( all liv+ ?+s1 :ile ,god made use ( a mo/ righte\s man to be ! prog5itor ( ^? :o 7 to be born aft] ! deluge8 ,footnote #fef3 4 ,footnote #feg3 4 ,footnote #feh3 4 ,footnote #fei3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,9 ord] to %[ t he _h read ! book ( ,g5esis1 ,celsus rejects ! /ory ( ! dove1 al?\gh unable to adduce any reason :i* might prove x to be a fiction4 ,9 ! next place1 z 8 habit is1 9 ord] to put ! n>rative 9 a m ridicul\s light1 he conv]ts ! 8rav50 into a 8cr[10 & imag9es t ,moses s wrote1 hav+ recklessly alt]$ ! acc\nts relat$ ( ! ,grecian ,deucalion2 unless p]haps he reg>ds ! n>rative z n hav+ proce$$ f ,moses1 b f sev]al individuals1 z appe>s f 8 employ+ ! plural numb] 9 ! expressions1 8falsify+ & recklessly alt]+ ! /ory ( ,deucalion10#ffj z well z f ! words1 8,= !y did n expect1 ,i suppose1 t ^! ?+s w\ld come to light40 ,b h[ %\ld !y1 :o gave _! ,scriptures to ! :ole nation1 n expect t !y w\ld come to light1 & :o pr$ict$1 moreov]1 t ?is religion %\ld be proclaim$ to all nations8 ,jesus decl>$1 8,! k+dom ( ,god %all be tak5 f y1 & giv5 to a nation br++ =? ! fruits !re(20#ffa & 9 utt]+ ^! words to ! ,jews1 :at o!r mean+ did ,he int5d to convey ?an ?is1 viz4 t ,he ,himself %\ld1 ?r\gh ,8 div9e p[]1 br+ =? into light ! :ole ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures1 :i* conta9 ! my/]ies ( ! k+dom ( ,god8 ,if1 !n1 !y p]use ! ,!ogonies ( ! ,greeks1 & ! /ories ab\t ! twelve gods1 !y imp>t to !m an air ( dignity1 by inve/+ !m ) an allegorical signification2 b :5 !y wi% to ?r[ contempt ^u our biblical n>ratives1 !y ass]t t !y are fables1 clumsily inv5t$ = infant *ildr56 ,footnote #ffj3 4 ,footnote #ffa3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxi4 #dc4 ,*apt] ,,xliii4 8,altoge!r absurd1 & out ( season10#ffb he cont9ues1 8is ! acc\nt ( ! begett+ ( *ildr510 :]e1 al?\gh he has m5tion$ no names1 x is evid5t t he is ref]r+ to ! hi/ory ( ,abraham & ,s>ah4 ,cavill+ also at ! 8conspiracies ( ! bro!rs10 he alludes ei!r to ! /ory ( ,ca9 plott+ aga9/ ,abel1#ffc or1 9 addition1 to t ( ,esau aga9/ ,jacob2#ffd & speak+ ( 8a fa!r's sorr[10 he probably ref]s to t ( ,isaac on acc\nt ( ! abs5ce ( ,jacob1 & p]haps also to t ( ,jacob because ( ,joseph hav+ be5 sold into ,egypt4 ,& :5 relat+ ! 8crafty proc$ure ( mo!rs10 ,i suppose he means ! conduct ( ,rebecca1 :o contriv$ t ! bless+ ( ,isaac %\ld desc5d1 n ^u ,esau1 b ^u ,jacob4 ,n[ if we ass]t t 9 all ^! cases ,god int]pos$ 9 a v m>k$ degree1#ffe :at absurdity d we commit1 see+ we are p]suad$ t ,he nev] )draws ,8 provid5ce#fff f ^? :o devote !mselves to ,him 9 an hon\rable & vigor\s#ffg life8 ,he ridicules1 moreov]1 ! acquisition ( prop]ty made by ,jacob :ile liv+ ) ,laban1 n und]/&+ to :at ^! words ref]3 8,& ^? :i* _h no spots 7 ,laban's1 & ^? :i* 7 spott$ 7 ,jacob's20#ffh & he says t 8,god pres5t$ 8 sons ) asses1 & %eep1 & camels10#ffi & did n see t 8all ^! ?+s happ5$ unto !m = ensamples1 & 7 writt5 = our sake1 ^u :om ! ends ( ! _w are come40#fgj ,! v>y+ cu/oms prevail+ among ! diff]5t nations becom+ fam\s1#fga are regulat$ by ! ^w ( ,god1 be+ giv5 z a possession to him :o is figuratively t]m$ ,jacob4 ,= ^? :o become conv]ts to ,*ri/ f among ! hea!n1 are indicat$ by ! hi/ory ( ,laban & ,jacob4 ,footnote #ffb3 4 ,footnote #ffc3 ,cf4 ,g54 iv4 #h4 ,footnote #ffd3 ,cf4 ,g54 xxi4 #b4 ,footnote #ffe3 4 ,footnote #fff3 4 ,footnote #ffg3 4 ,footnote #ffh3 ,cf4 ,g54 xxx4 #db 7,,lxx474 8,! feebl] 7 ,laban's1 & ! /rong] ,jacob's0 7,au?4 ,v]s474 ,footnote #ffi3 ,cf4 ,g54 xxx4 #dc4 ,footnote #fgj3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 x4 #aa4 ,footnote #fga3 ' 1 1 3 is ! t]m employ$ to d5ote ! 8spott$0 cattle ( ,laban1 & is "h us$ by ,orig5 9 its figurative s5se ( 8di/+ui%$10 ?us play+ on ! d\ble mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,& err+ widely f ! mean+ ( ,scripture1 he says t 8,god gave wells#fgb also to ! righte\s40 ,n[ he did n obs]ve t ! righte\s d n con/ruct ci/]ns1#fgc b dig wells1 seek+ to discov] ! inh]5t gr\nd & s\rce ( potable bless+s1#fgd inasmu* z !y receive 9 a figurative s5se ! comm&m5t :i* enjo9s1 8,dr9k wat]s f y\r own vessels1 & f y\r own wells ( fre% wat]4 ,let n y\r wat] be p\r$ out beyond y\r own f\nta91 b let x pass into y\r own /reets4 ,let x belong to y alone1 & let no ali5 p>take ) !e40#fge ,scripture frequ5tly makes use ( ! hi/ories ( real ev5ts1 9 ord] to pres5t to view m important tru?s1 :i* are b obscurely intimat$2 & ( ?is k9d are ! n>ratives relat+ to ! 8wells10 & to ! 8m>riages10 & to ! v>i\s acts ( 8sexual int]c\rse0 record$ ( righte\s p]sons1 respect+ :i*1 h[ev]1 x w be m seasonable to (f] an explanation 9 ! exegetical writ+s ref]r+ to ^? v passages4 ,b t wells 7 con/ruct$ by righte\s m5 9 ! l& ( ! ,phili/9es1 z relat$ 9 ! book ( ,g5esis1#fgf is manife/ f ! wond]ful wells :i* are %[n at ,ascalon1 & :i* are des]v+ ( m5tion on acc\nt ( _! /ructure1 s =eign & peculi> comp>$ ) t ( o!r wells4 ,moreov]1 t bo? "y wom5#fgg & female s]vants are to be und]/ood metaphorically1 is n our doctr9e m]ely1 b "o :i* we h receiv$ f ! beg9n+ f wise m51 among :om a c]ta9 "o said1 :5 exhort+ 8 he>]s to inve/igate ! figurative mean+3 8,tell me1 ye t read ! law1 d ye n he> ! law8 ,= x is writt5 t ,abraham _h two sons2 ! "o by a bond maid1 ! o!r by a free woman4 ,b he :o 0 ( ! bond woman 0 born aft] ! fle%2 b he ( ! free woman 0 by promise4 ,:i* ?+s are an allegory3 = ^! are ! two cov5ants2 ! "o f ! ,m\nt ,s9ai1 :i* g5d]e? to bondage1 :i* is ,ag>40#fgh ,& a little aft]1 8,b ,j]usalem :i* is above is free1 :i* is ! "m ( u all40 ,& any "o :o w take up ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians may le>n h[ ! passages relat+ to ! 8m>riages10 & ! int]c\rse ) 8! maid-s]vants10 h be5 allegoriz$2 ! ,scripture desir+ u to imitate n ! lit]al acts ( ^? :o did ^! ?+s1 b 7z ! apo/les ( ,jesus are accu/om$ to call !m7 ! spiritual4 ,footnote #fgb3 4 ,footnote #fgc3 4 ,footnote #fgd3 4 ,boh]ellus proposes3 4 ,footnote #fge3 ,cf4 ,prov4 v4 #ae-ag4 ,footnote #fgf3 ,cf4 ,g54 xxvi4 #ae4 ,footnote #fgg3 4 ,footnote #fgh3 ,cf4 ,gal4 iv4 #ba-bd4 ,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,& :]eas ,celsus ought to h recognis$ ! love ( tru? display$ by ! writ]s ( sacr$ ,scripture1 :o h n conceal$ ev5 :at is to _! discr$it1#fgi & ?us be5 l$ to accept ! o!r & m m>vell\s acc\nts z true1 he has done ! rev]se1 & has *>act]iz$ ! /ory ( ,lot & 8 daught]s 7)\t exam9+ ei!r its lit]al or its figurative mean+7 z 8worse ?an ! crimes ( ,?ye/es40 ,! figurative signification ( t passage ( hi/ory x is n necess>y at pres5t to expla91 nor :at is meant by ,sodom1 & by ! words ( ! angels to him :o 0 escap+ !nce1 :5 !y said3 8,look n beh9d !e1 nei!r /ay ?\ 9 all ! surr\nd+ di/rict2 escape to ! m\nta91 le/ ?\ be consum$20#fhj nor :at is int5d$ by ,lot & 8 wife1 :o became a pill> ( salt because %e turn$ back2 nor by 8 daught]s intoxicat+ _! fa!r1 t !y might become mo!rs by him4 ,b let u 9 a few words s(t5 d[n ! repulsive features ( ! hi/ory4 ,! nature ( actions--good1 bad1 & indiff]5t--has be5 inve/igat$ by ! ,greeks2 & ! m successful ( su* inve/igators#fha lay d[n ! pr9ciple t int5tion alone gives to actions ! "* ( good or bad1 & t all ?+s :i* are done )\t a purpose are1 /rictly speak+1 indiff]5t2 t :5 ! int5tion is direct$ to a becom+ end1 x is praisewor?y2 :5 ! rev]se1 x is c5surable4 ,!y h said1 accord+ly1 9 ! section relat+ to 8?+s indiff]5t10 t1 /rictly speak+1 = a man to h sexual int]c\rse ) 8 daught]s is a ?+ indiff]5t1 al?\gh su* a ?+ ought n to take place 9 e/abli%$ communities4 ,& = ! sake ( hypo!sis1 9 ord] to %[ t su* an act belongs to ! class ( ?+s indiff]5t1 !y h assum$ ! case ( a wise man be+ left ) an only daught]1 ! entire human race besides hav+ p]i%$2 & !y put ! "q :e!r ! fa!r c fitly h int]c\rse ) 8 daught]1 9 ord]1 agreeably to ! supposition1 to prev5t ! ext]m9ation ( mank9d4 ,is ?is to be acc\nt$ s\nd reason+ among ! ,greeks1 & to be comm5d$ by ! influ5tial#fhb sect ( ! ,/oics2 b :5 "y maid5s1 :o _h he>d ( ! burn+ ( ! _w1 ?\gh )\t compreh5d+ its full mean+1 saw fire deva/at+ _! city & c\ntry1 & suppos+ t ! only means left ( rek9dl+ ! flame#fhc ( human life lay 9 _! fa!r & !mselves1 %\ld1 on su* a supposition1 conceive ! desire t ! _w %\ld cont9ue1 %all _! conduct be deem$ worse ?an t ( ! wise man :o1 accord+ to ! hypo!sis ( ! ,/oics1 acts becom+ly 9 hav+ int]c\rse ) 8 daught]s 9 ! case already suppos$1 ( all m5 hav+ be5 de/roy$8 ,i am n unaw>e1 h[ev]1 t "s h tak5 (f5ce at ! desire#fhd ( ,lot's daught]s1 & h reg>d$ _! conduct z v wick$2 & h said t two accurs$ nations--,moab & ,ammon--h sprung f t unhall[$ int]c\rse4 ,& yet truly sacr$ ,scripture is n[h]e f\nd di/9ctly approv+ ( _! conduct z good1 nor yet pass+ s5t5ce ^u x z blamewor?y4 ,nev]!less1 :atev] be ! real /ate ( ! case1 x admits n only ( a figurative mean+1 b also ( be+ def5d$ on its own m]its4#fhe ,footnote #fgi3 4 ,footnote #fhj3 ,g54 xix4 #ag4 ,footnote #fha3 4 ,footnote #fhb3 4 ,footnote #fhc3 4 ,footnote #fhd3 4 ,footnote #fhe3 ' 4 ,*apt] ,,xlvi4 ,celsus1 moreov]1 sne]s at ! 8hatr$0 ( ,esau 7to :i*1 ,i suppose1 he ref]s7 aga9/ ,jacob1 al?\gh he 0 a man :o1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 is ackn[l$g$ to h be5 wick$2 & n cle>ly /at+ ! /ory ( ,simeon & ,levi1 :o salli$ out on ! ,%e*emites on acc\nt ( ! insult (f]$ to _! si/]1 :o _h be5 violat$ by ! son ( ! ,%e*emite k+1 he inveighs aga9/ _! conduct4 ,& pass+ on1 he speaks ( 8bro!rs sell+ "o ano!r10 allud+ to ! sons ( ,jacob2 & ( 8a bro!r sold10 ,joseph to wit2 & ( 8a fa!r deceiv$10 viz4 ,jacob1 because he ent]ta9$ no suspicion ( 8 sons :5 !y %[$ him ,joseph's coat ( _m col\rs1 b believ$ _! /atem5t1 & m\rn$ = 8 son1 :o 0 a slave 9 ,egypt1 z if he 7 dead4 ,& obs]ve 9 :at a _s ( hatr$ & falsehood ,celsus collects toge!r ! /atem5ts ( ! sacr$ hi/ory2 s t :]ev] x appe>$ to him to conta9 a gr\nd ( accusation he produces ! passage1 b :]ev] !re is any exhibition ( virtue wor?y ( m5tion--z :5 ,joseph w\ld n gratify ! lu/ ( 8 mi/ress1 refus+ alike h] allurem5ts & h] ?reats--he does n ev5 m5tion ! circum/ance6 ,he %\ld see1 inde$1 t ! conduct ( ,joseph 0 f> sup]ior to :at is relat$ ( ,bell]ophon1#fhf s9ce ! =m] *ose r to be %ut up 9 prison ?an d viol5ce to 8 virtue4 ,= al?\gh he might h (f]$ a j def5ce aga9/ 8 accus]1 he magnanim\sly rema9$ sil5t1 entru/+ 8 cause to ,god4 ,footnote #fhf3 ,cf4 ,hom]1 ,iliad1 vi4 #afj4 ,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,celsus next1 = =m's sake1#fhg & ) great want ( precision1 speaks ( 8! dreams ( ! *ief butl] & *ief bak]1 & ( ,ph>aoh1 & ( ! explanation ( !m1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ,joseph 0 tak5 out ( prison 9 ord] to be entru/$ by ,ph>aoh ) ! second place 9 ,egypt40 ,:at absurdity1 !n1 did ! hi/ory conta91 look$ at ev5 9 itself1 t x %\ld be adduc$ z matt] ( accusation by ?is ,celsus1 :o gave ! title ( ,true ,disc\rse to a treatise n conta9+ doctr9es1 b full ( *>ges aga9/ ,jews & ,*ri/ians8 ,he adds3 8,he :o _h be5 sold behav$ k9dly to 8 bre?r5 7:o _h sold him71 :5 !y 7 suff]+ f hung]1 & _h be5 s5t ) _! asses to pur*ase provisions20 al?\gh he has n relat$ ^! occurr5ces 9 8 treatise4 ,b he does m5tion ! circum/ance ( ,joseph mak+ himself kn[n to 8 bre?r51 al?\gh ,i "k n ) :at view1 or :at absurdity he c po9t out 9 su* an occurr5ce2 s9ce x is impossible = ,momus himself1 we might say1 to f9d any reasonable fault ) ev5ts :i*1 ap>t f _! figurative mean+1 pres5t s mu* t is attractive4 ,he relates1 fur!r1 t 8,joseph1 :o _h be5 sold z a slave1 0 re/or$ to lib]ty1 & w5t up ) a solemn procession to 8 fa!r's fun]al10 & ?9ks t ! n>rative furni%es matt] ( accusation aga9/ u1 z he makes ! foll[+ rem>k3 8,by :om 7,joseph1 namely7 ! illu/ri\s & div9e nation ( ! ,jews1 aft] gr[+ up 9 ,egypt to be a multitude ( p1 0 comm&$ to soj\rn some:]e beyond ! limits ( ! k+dom1 & to pa/ure _! flocks 9 di/ricts ( no repute40 ,n[ ! words1 8t !y 7 comm&$ to pa/ure _! flocks 9 di/ricts ( no repute10 are an addition1 proce$+ f 8 own feel+s ( hatr$2 = he has n %[n t ,go%51 ! di/rict ( ,egypt1 is a place ( no repute4 ,! exodus ( ! p f ,egypt he calls a flight1 n at all rememb]+ :at is writt5 9 ! book ( ,exodus reg>d+ ! dep>ture ( ! ,hebrews f ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,we h enum]at$ ^! in/ances to %[ t :at1 lit]ally consid]$1 might appe> to furni% gr\nd ( accusation1 ,celsus has n succe$$ 9 prov+ to be ei!r objectionable or fooli%1 hav+ utt]ly fail$ to e/abli% ! evil "*1 z he reg>ds x1 ( our ,scriptures4 ,footnote #fhg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlviii4 ,9 ! next place1 z if he _h devot$ himself solely to ! manife/ation ( 8 hatr$ & dislike ( ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 he says3 8,! m mode/ ( ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian writ]s give all ^! ?+s an allegorical mean+20 &1 8,because !y are a%am$ ( ^! ?+s1 !y take refuge 9 allegory40 ,n[ "o might say to him1 t if we mu/ admit fables & fictions1 :e!r writt5 ) a conceal$ mean+ or ) any o!r object1 to be %ameful n>ratives :5 tak5 9 _! lit]al acceptation1#fhh ( :at hi/ories c ?is be said m truly ?an ( ! ,grecian8 ,9 ^! hi/ories1 gods :o are sons ca/rate ! gods :o are _! fa!rs1 & gods :o are p>5ts dev\r _! own *ildr51 & a goddess-"m gives to ! 8fa!r ( gods & m50 a /one to swall[ in/ead ( 8 own son1 & a fa!r has int]c\rse ) 8 daught]1 & a wife b9ds h] own husb&1 hav+ z h] allies 9 ! "w ! bro!r ( ! fett]$ god & 8 own daught]6 ,b :y %\ld ,i enum]ate ^! absurd /ories ( ! ,greeks reg>d+ _! gods1 :i* are mo/ %ameful 9 !mselves1 ev5 ?\gh inve/$ ) an allegorical mean+8 ,take ! in/ance :]e ,*rysippus ( ,soli1 :o is consid]$ to be an ornam5t ( ! ,/oic sect1 on acc\nt ( 8 num]\s & le>n$ treatises1 expla9s a picture at ,samos1 9 :i* ,juno 0 repres5t$ z committ+ unspeakable abom9ations ) ,jupit]4 ,?is rev]5d philosoph] says 9 8 treatises1 t matt] receives ! sp]matic words#fhi ( ! god1 & reta9s !m )9 h]self1 9 ord] to ornam5t ! univ]se4 ,= 9 ! picture at ,samos ,juno repres5ts matt]1 & ,jupit] ,god4 ,n[ x is on acc\nt ( ^!1 & ( c\ntless o!r simil> fables1 t we w\ld n ev5 9 ^w call ! ,god ( all ?+s ,jupit]1 or ! sun ,apollo1 or ! moon ,diana4 ,b we (f] to ! ,creator a wor%ip :i* is pure1 & speak ) religi\s respect ( ,8 noble works ( creation1 n contam9at+ ev5 9 ^w ! ?+s ( ,god2 approv+ ( ! language ( ,plato 9 ! ,philebus1 :o w\ld n admit t pleasure 0 a goddess1 8s great is my rev]5ce1 ,prot>*us10 he says1 8= ! v names ( ! gods40 ,we v]ily ent]ta9 su* rev]5ce = ! "n ( ,god1 & = ,8 noble works ( creation1 t we w\ld n1 ev5 "u pretext ( an allegorical mean+1 admit any fable :i* might d injury to ! "y4 ,footnote #fhh3 4 ,footnote #fhi3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,if ,celsus _h read ! ,scriptures 9 an imp>tial _s1 he w\ld n h said t 8our writ+s are incapable ( admitt+ an allegorical mean+40 ,= f ! prophetic ,scriptures1 9 :i* hi/orical ev5ts are record$ 7n f ! hi/orical71 x is possible to be conv9c$ t ! hi/orical portions also 7 writt5 ) an allegorical purpose1 & 7 mo/ skilfully adapt$ n only to ! multitude ( ! simpl] believ]s1 b also to ! few :o are able or will+ to inve/igate matt]s 9 an intellig5t _s4 ,if1 inde$1 ^? writ]s at ! pres5t day :o are deem$ by ,celsus ! 8m mode/ ( ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians0 7 ! fir/ allegorical int]pret]s ( our ,scriptures1 he w\ld h ! appe>ance1 p]haps1 ( mak+ a plausible allegation4 ,b s9ce ! v fa!rs & au?ors ( ! doctr9es !mselves give !m an allegorical signification1 :at o!r inf]5ce c be drawn ?an t !y 7 compos$ s z to be allegorically und]/ood 9 _! *ief signification8#fij ,& we %all adduce a few in/ances out ( v _m to %[ t ,celsus br+s an empty *>ge aga9/ ! ,scriptures1 :5 he says 8t !y are incapable ( admitt+ an allegorical mean+40 ,paul1 ! apo/le ( ,jesus1 says3 8,x is writt5 9 ! law1 ,?\ %alt n muzzle ! m\? ( ! ox t treade? out ! corn4 ,do? ,god take c>e = ox58 or sai? ,he x altoge!r = our sakes8 ,= our sakes1 no d\bt1 ?is is writt51 t he t pl\ghe? %\ld pl\gh 9 hope1 & he t ?re%e? 9 hope ( p>tak+40#fia ,& 9 ano!r passage ! same ,paul says3 8,= x is writt51 ,= ?is cause %all a man leave 8 fa!r & "m1 & %all be jo9$ to 8 wife1 & !y two %all be "o fle%4 ,?is is a great my/]y2 b ,i speak conc]n+ ,*ri/ & ! *ur*40#fib ,& aga91 9 ano!r place3 8,we "k t all our fa!rs 7 "u ! cl\d1 & all pass$ ?r\gh ! sea2 & 7 all baptiz$ unto ,moses 9 ! cl\d1 & 9 ! sea40#fic ,!n1 expla9+ ! hi/ory relat+ to ! manna1 & t ref]r+ to ! miracul\s issue ( ! wat] f ! rock1 he cont9ues z foll[s3 8,& !y did all eat ! same spiritual meat1 & did all dr9k ! same spiritual dr9k4 ,= !y drank ( t spiritual rock t foll[$ !m1 & t rock 0 ,*ri/40#fid ,asaph1 moreov]1 :o1 9 %[+ ! hi/ories 9 ,exodus & ,numb]s to be full ( difficulties & p>ables1#fie beg9s 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 z record$ 9 ! book ( ,psalms1 :]e he is ab\t to make m5tion ( ^! ?+s3 8,give e>1 ,o my p1 to my law3 incl9e y\r e>s to ! words ( my m\?4 ,i w op5 my m\? 9 p>ables2 ,i w utt] d>k say+s ( old1 :i* we h he>d & kn[n1 & our fa!rs h told u40#fif ,footnote #fij3 4 ,footnote #fia3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 ix4 #i1 #aj1 & ,deut4 xxv4 #d4 ,footnote #fib3 ,cf4 ,eph4 v4 #ca1 #cb4 ,cf4 ,g54 ii4 #bd4 ,footnote #fic3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 x4 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #fid3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 x4 #c1 #d4 ,footnote #fie3 4 ,footnote #fif3 ,cf4 ,ps4 lxxxvii4 #a1 #b4 ,*apt] ,l4 ,moreov]1 if ! law ( ,moses _h conta9$ no?+ :i* 0 to be und]/ood z hav+ a secret mean+1 ! prophet w\ld n h said 9 8 pray] to ,god1 8,op5 ,?\ m9e eyes1 & ,i w behold wondr\s ?+s out ( ,?y law20#fig :]eas he knew t !re 0 a veil ( ignorance ly+ ^u ! he>t ( ^? :o read b d n und]/& ! figurative mean+1 :i* veil is tak5 away by ! gift ( ,god1 :5 ,he he>s him :o has done all t he c1#fih & :o by reason ( habit has 8 s5ses ex]cis$ to di/+ui% betwe5 good & evil1 & :o cont9ually utt]s ! pray]1 8,op5 ,?\ m9e eyes1 & ,i w behold wondr\s ?+s out ( ,?y law40 ,& :o is !re t1 on read+ ( ! dragon t lives 9 ! ,egyptian riv]1#fii & ( ! fi%es :i* lurk 9 8 scales1 or ( ! excrem5t ( ,ph>aoh :i* fills ! m\nta9s ( ,egypt1#gjj is n l$ at once to inquire :o he is t fills ! ,egyptian m\nta9s ) 8 /9k+ excrem5t1 & :at ! ,egyptian m\nta9s are2 & :at ! riv]s 9 ,egypt are1 ( :i* ! a=esaid ,ph>aoh boa/fully says1 8,! riv]s are m9e1 & ,i h made !m20#gja & :o ! dragon is1 & ! fi%es 9 its scales1--& ?is s z to h>monize ) ! int]pretation to be giv5 ( ! riv]s8 ,b :y e/abli% at great] l5g? :at ne$s no demon/ration8 ,= to ^! ?+s applies ! say+3 8,:o is wise1 & he %all und]/& ^! ?+s8 or :o is prud5t1 & he %all "k !m80#gjb ,n[ ,i h gone at "s l5g? into ! subject1 because ,i wi%$ to %[ ! uns\ndness ( ! ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t 8! m mode/ among ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians endeav\r someh[ to give ^! /ories an allegorical signification1 al?\gh "s ( !m d n admit ( ?is1 b on ! contr>y are exce$+ly silly inv5tions40 ,mu* r are ! /ories ( ! ,greeks n only v silly1 b v impi\s inv5tions4 ,= our n>ratives keep expressly 9 view ! multitude ( simpl] believ]s1 :i* 0 n done by ^? :o inv5t$ ! ,grecian fables4 ,& !re=e n )\t propriety does ,plato expel f 8 /ate all fables & poems ( su* a nature z ^? ( :i* we h be5 speak+4 ,footnote #fig3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cxix4 #ah4 ,footnote #fih3 ' 4 ,footnote #fii3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xxix4 #c4 ,footnote #gjj3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xxxii4 #f4 ,footnote #gja3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xxix4 #c4 ,footnote #gjb3 ,cf4 ,hos4 xiv4 #i4 ,*apt] ,,li4 ,celsus appe>s to me to h he>d t !re are treatises 9 exi/5ce :i* conta9 allegorical explanations ( ! law ( ,moses4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 he c\ld n h read2 = if he _h1 he w\ld n h said3 8,! allegorical explanations1 h[ev]1 :i* h be5 devis$1 are mu* m %ameful & absurd ?an ! fables !mselves1 inasmu* z !y endeav\r to unite ) m>vell\s & altoge!r ins5sate folly ?+s :i* _c at all be made to h>monize40 ,he seems to ref] 9 ^! words to ! works ( ,philo1 or to ^? ( /ill old] writ]s1 su* z ,ari/obulus4 ,b ,i conjecture t ,celsus has n read _! books1 s9ce x appe>s to me t 9 _m passages !y h s successfully hit ! mean+ ( ! sacr$ writ]s1 t ev5 ,grecian philosoph]s w\ld h be5 captivat$ by _! explanations2 = 9 _! writ+s we f9d n only a poli%$ /yle1 b exquisite ?\ghts & doctr9es1 & a rational use ( :at ,celsus imag9es to be fables 9 ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,i "k1 moreov]1 t ,num5ius ! ,py?agorean--a surpass+ly excell5t exp\nd] ( ,plato1 & :o held a =emo/ place z a tea*] ( ! doctr9es ( ,py?agoras--9 _m ( 8 works quotes f ! writ+s ( ,moses & ! prophets1 & applies to ! passages 9 "q a n improbable allegorical mean+1 z 9 8 "w call$ ,epops1 & 9 ^? :i* treat ( 8,numb]s0 & ( 8,place40 ,& 9 ! ?ird book ( 8 diss]tation on ,! ,good1 he quotes also a n>rative reg>d+ ,jesus--)\t1 h[ev]1 m5tion+ ,8 "n--& gives x an allegorical signification1 :e!r successfully or ! rev]se ,i may /ate on ano!r occasion4 ,he relates also ! acc\nt respect+ ,moses1 & ,jannes1 & ,jambres4#gjc ,b we are n elat$ on acc\nt ( ?is in/ance1 ?\gh we express our approval ( ,num5ius1 r ?an ( ,celsus & o!r ,greeks1 because he 0 will+ to inve/igate our hi/ories f a desire to acquire k1 & 0 duly affect$ by !m z n>ratives :i* 7 to be allegorically und]/ood1 & :i* did n belong to ! category ( fooli% compositions4 ,footnote #gjc3 ,cf4 #b ,tim4 iii4 #h4 ,*apt] ,,lii4 ,aft] ?is1 select+ f all ! treatises :i* conta9 allegorical explanations & int]pretations1 express$ 9 a language & /yle n to be despis$1 ! lea/ important1#gjd su* z might contribute1 inde$1 to /r5g!n ! fai? ( ! multitude ( simple believ]s1 b 7 n adapt$ to impress ^? ( m intellig5t m9d1 he cont9ues3 8,( su* a nature d ,i "k ! "w to be1 entitl$ ,controv]sy betwe5 "o ,papiscus & ,jason1 :i* is fitt$ to excite pity & hatr$ in/ead ( laught]4 ,x is n my purpose1 h[ev]1 to confute ! /atem5ts conta9$ 9 su* works2 = _! fallacy is manife/ to all1 especially if any "o w h ! pati5ce to read ! books !mselves4 ,r d ,i wi% to %[ t ,nature tea*es ?is1 t ,god made no?+ t is mortal1 b t ,8 works1 :atev] !y are1 are immortal1 & !irs mortal4 ,& ! s\l#gje is ! "w ( ,god1 :ile ! nature ( ! body is diff]5t4 ,& 9 ?is respect !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! body ( a bat1 or ( a worm1 or ( a frog1 & t ( a man2 = ! matt]#gjf is ! same1 & _! corruptible "p is alike40 ,nev]!less ,i c\ld wi% t e "o :o he>d ,celsus declaim+ & ass]t+ t ! treatise entitl$ ,controv]sy betwe5 ,jason & ,papiscus reg>d+ ,*ri/ 0 fitt$ to excite n laught]1 b hatr$1 c\ld take ! "w into 8 h&s1 & pati5tly li/5 to its cont5ts2 t1 f9d+ 9 x no?+ to excite hatr$1 he might condemn ,celsus out ( ! book itself4 ,= if x be imp>tially p]us$1 x w be f\nd t !re is no?+ to excite ev5 laught] 9 a "w 9 :i* a ,*ri/ian is describ$ z conv]s+ ) a ,jew on ! subject ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures1 & prov+ t ! pr$ictions reg>d+ ,*ri/ fitly apply to ,jesus2 al?\gh ! o!r disputant ma9ta9s ! discussion 9 no ignoble /yle1 & 9 a mann] n unbecom+ ! "* ( a ,jew4 ,footnote #gjd3 4 ,footnote #gje3 4 ,footnote #gjf3 4 ,*apt] ,,liii4 ,i d n "k1 inde$1 h[ he c\ld conjo9 ?+s t d n admit ( union1 & :i* _c exi/ toge!r at ! same "t 9 human nature1 9 say+1 z he did1 t 8! above treatise des]v$ to be treat$ bo? ) pity & hatr$40 ,= e "o w admit t he :o is ! object ( pity is n at ! same mom5t an object ( hatr$1 & t he :o is ! object ( hatr$ is n at ! same "t a subject ( pity4 ,celsus1 moreov]1 says t x 0 n 8 purpose to refute su* /atem5ts1 because he ?9ks t _! absurdity is evid5t to all1 & t1 ev5 be=e (f]+ any logical refutation1 !y w appe> to be bad1 & to m]it bo? pity & hatr$4 ,b we invite him :o p]uses ?is reply ( ours to ! *>ges ( ,celsus to h pati5ce1 & to li/5 to our sacr$ writ+s !mselves1 &1 z f> z possible1 to =m an op9ion f _! cont5ts ( ! purpose ( ! writ]s1 & ( _! consci5ces & disposition ( m9d2 = he w discov] t !y are m5 :o /r5u\sly cont5d = :at !y uphold1 & t "s ( !m %[ t ! hi/ory :i* !y n>rate is "o :i* !y h bo? se5 & exp]i5c$1#gjg :i* 0 miracul\s1 & wor?y ( be+ record$ = ! advantage ( _! future he>]s4 ,w any "o inde$ v5ture to say t x is n ! s\rce & f\nta9 ( all bless+#gjh to m5 to believe 9 ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & to p]=m all our actions ) ! view ( pleas+ ,him 9 ev]y?+ :atev]1 & n to ent]ta9 ev5 a ?\ght unpleas+ to ,him1 see+ t n only our words & de$s1 b our v ?\ghts1 w be ! subject ( future judgm5t8 ,& :at o!r argum5ts w\ld m effectually lead human nature to adopt a virtu\s life1 ?an ! belief or op9ion t ! supreme ,god beholds all ?+s1 n only :at is said & done1 b ev5 :at is ?\ght by u8 ,& let any "o :o likes comp>e any o!r sy/em :i* at ! same "t conv]ts & ameliorates1 n m]ely "o or two individuals1 b1 z f> z 9 x lies1 c\ntless numb]s1 t by ! comp>ison ( bo? me?ods he may =m a correct idea ( ! argum5ts :i* dispose to a virtu\s life4 ,footnote #gjg3 ,! read+ 9 ! text ( ,sp5c] & ( ! ,b5$ict9e ed4 is 1 = :i* ,lommatzs* has adopt$ ! conjecture ( ,boh]ellus1 4 ,footnote #gjh3 4 ,*apt] ,,liv4 ,b z 9 ! words :i* ,i quot$ f ,celsus1 :i* are a p>aphrase f ! ,timu1 c]ta9 expressions occur1 su* z1 8,god made no?+ mortal1 b immortal ?+s alone1 :ile mortal ?+s are ! works ( o!rs1 & ! s\l is a "w ( ,god1 b ! nature ( ! body is diff]5t1 & !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! body ( a man & t ( a bat1 or ( a worm1 or ( a frog2 = ! matt] is ! same1 & _! corruptible "p alike10--let u discuss ^! po9ts = a little2 & let u %[ t ,celsus ei!r does n disclose 8 ,epicurean op9ions1 or1 z might be said by "o p]son1 has ex*ang$ !m = bett]1 or1 z ano!r might say1 has no?+ 9 common save ! "n1 ) ,celsus1 ! ,epicurean4 ,= he ought1 9 giv+ expression to su* op9ions1 & 9 propos+ to contradict n only u1 b ! by no means obscure sect ( philosoph]s :o are ! adh]5ts ( ,z5o ( ,citium1 to h prov$ t ! bodies ( animals are n ! "w ( ,god1 & t ! great skill display$ 9 _! con/ruction did n proce$ f ! highe/ intellig5ce4 ,& he ought also1 ) reg>d to ! c\ntless div]sities ( plants1 :i* are regulat$ by an inh]5t1 incompreh5sible nature1#gji & :i* h be5 creat$ = ! by no means despicable#gaj use ( man 9 g5]al1 & ( ! animals :i* m9i/] to man1 :atev] o!r reasons may be adduc$ = _! exi/5ce1#gaa n only to h /at$ 8 op9ion1 b also to h %[n u t x 0 no p]fect intellig5ce :i* impress$ ^! qualities ^u ! matt] ( plants4 ,& :5 he _h once repres5t$ v>i\s div9ities z ! creators ( all ! bodies1 ! s\l alone be+ ! "w ( ,god1 :y did n he1 :o sep>at$ ^! great acts ( creation1 & apportion$ !m among a plurality ( creators1 next demon/rate by "s conv9c+ reason ! exi/5ce ( ^! div]sities among div9ities1 "s ( :i* con/ruct ! bodies ( m51 & o!rs--^?1 say1 ( bea/s ( burd51 & o!rs--^? ( wild animals8 ,& he :o saw t "s div9ities 7 ! creators ( dragons1 & ( asps1 & ( basilisks1 & o!rs ( ea* plant & h]b accord+ to its species1 ought to h expla9$ ! causes ( ^! div]sities4 ,= probably1 _h he giv5 himself c>efully to ! inve/igation ( ea* p>ticul> po9t1 he w\ld ei!r h obs]v$ t x 0 "o ,god :o 0 ! creator ( all1 & :o made ea* ?+ ) a c]ta9 object & = a c]ta9 reason2 or if he _h fail$ to obs]ve ?is1 he w\ld h discov]$ ! answ] :i* he ought to return to ^? :o ass]t t corruptibility is a ?+ indiff]5t 9 its nature2 & t !re 0 no absurdity 9 a _w :i* consi/s ( div]se mat]ials1 be+ =m$ by "o ar*itect1 :o con/ruct$ ! diff]5t k9ds ( ?+s s z to secure ! good ( ! :ole4 ,or1 f9ally1 he ought to h express$ no op9ion at all on s important a doctr9e1 s9ce he did n int5d to prove :at he pr(ess$ to demon/rate2 unless1 inde$1 he :o c5sures o!rs = pr(ess+ a simple fai?1 w\ld h u to believe 8 m]e ass]tions1 al?\gh he gave out t he w\ld n m]ely ass]t1 b w\ld prove 8 ass]tions4 ,footnote #gji3 ' 4 ,footnote #gaj3 4 ,footnote #gaa3 4 ,*apt] ,,lv4 ,b ,i ma9ta9 t1 if he _h _h ! pati5ce 7to use 8 own expression7 to li/5 to ! writ+s ( ,moses & ! prophets1 he w\ld h _h 8 att5tion arre/$ by ! circum/ance t ! expression 8,god made0 is appli$ to heav5 & e>?1 & to :at is call$ ! firmam5t1 & also to ! lights & />s2 & aft] ^!1 to ! great fi%es1 & to e liv+ ?+ among creep+ animals :i* ! wat]s br\ght =? aft] _! k9ds1 & to e f[l ( heav5 aft] its k9d2 & aft] ^!1 to ! wild bea/s ( ! e>? aft] _! k9d1 & ! bea/s aft] _! k9d1 & to e creep+ ?+ ^u ! e>? aft] its k9d2 & la/ ( all to man4 ,! expression 8made10 h[ev]1 is n appli$ to o!r ?+s2 b x is deem$ suffici5t to say reg>d+ light1 8,& x 0 light20 & reg>d+ ! "o ga!r+ toge!r ( all ! wat]s t are "u ! :ole heav51 8,x 0 s40 ,& 9 l mann] also1 ) reg>d to :at grew ^u ! e>?1 :]e x is said1 8,! e>? br\ght =? grass1 & h]b yield+ se$ aft] its k9d & aft] its lik5ess1 & ! fruit-tree yield+ fruit1 ^: se$ is 9 itself1 aft] its k9d1 ^u ! e>?40 ,he w\ld h inquir$1 moreov]1 :e!r ! record$ comm&s ( ,god respect+ ! com+ into exi/5ce ( ea* "p ( ! _w 7 address$ to "o ?+ or to sev]al2#gab & he w\ld n lightly h *>g$ ) be+ un9telligible1 & z hav+ no secret mean+1 ! acc\nts relat$ 9 ^! books1 ei!r by ,moses1 or1 z we w\ld say1 by ! ,div9e ,_s speak+ 9 ,moses1 f :om also he d]iv$ ! p[] ( prophesy+2 s9ce he 8knew bo? ! pres5t1 & ! future1 & ! pa/10 9 a high] degree ?an ^? prie/s :o are alleg$ by ! poets to h possess$ a k ( ^! ?+s4 ,footnote #gab3 4 ,*apt] ,,lvi4 ,moreov]1 s9ce ,celsus ass]ts t 8! s\l is ! "w ( ,god1 b t ! nature ( body is diff]5t2 & t 9 ?is respect !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! body ( a bat1 or ( a worm1 or ( a frog1 & t ( a man1 = ! matt] is ! same1 & _! corruptible "p alike10--we h to say 9 answ] to ?is argum5t ( 81 t if1 s9ce ! same matt] und]lies ! body ( a bat1 or ( a worm1 or ( a frog1 or ( a man1 ^! bodies w diff] 9 no respect f "o ano!r1 x is evid5t !n t ^! bodies also w diff] 9 no respect f ! sun1 or ! moon1 or ! />s1 or ! sky1 or any o!r ?+ :i* is call$ by ! ,greeks a god1 cognisable by ! s5ses4#gac ,= ! same matt]1 und]ly+ all bodies1 is1 prop]ly speak+1 )\t qualities & )\t =m1 & d]ives its qualities f "s o!r s\rce1 ,i "k n :5ce1 s9ce ,celsus w h x t no?+ corruptible c be ! "w ( ,god4 ,n[ ! corruptible "p ( ev]y?+ :atev]1 be+ produc$ f ! same und]ly+ matt]1 mu/ necess>ily be ! same1 by ,celsus' own %[+2 unless1 inde$1 f9d+ himself "h h>d press$1 he %\ld des]t ,plato1 :o makes ! s\l arise f a c]ta9 b[l1#gad & take refuge ) ,ari/otle & ! ,p]ipatetics1 :o ma9ta9 t ! e!r is immat]ial1#gae & consi/s ( a fif? nature1 sep>ate f ! o!r f\r elem5ts1#gaf aga9/ :i* view bo? ! ,platoni/s & ! ,/oics h nobly prote/$4 ,& we too1 :o are despis$ by ,celsus1 w contrav5e x1 see+ we are requir$ to expla9 & ma9ta9 ! foll[+ /atem5t ( ! prophet3 8,! heav5s %all p]i%1 b ,?\ rema9e/3 & !y all %all wax old z a g>m5t2 & z a ve/ure %alt ,?\ fold !m up1 & !y %all be *ang$3 b ,?\ art ! same40#gag ,^! rem>ks1 h[ev]1 are suffici5t 9 reply to ,celsus1 :5 he ass]ts t 8! s\l is ! "w ( ,god1 b t ! nature ( body is diff]5t20 = f 8 argum5t x foll[s t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! body ( a bat1 or ( a worm1 or ( a frog1 & t ( a heav5ly#gah be+4 ,footnote #gac3 4 ,footnote #gad3 ,cf4 ,plato 9 ,timo4 ,footnote #gae3 4 ,footnote #gaf3 4 ,footnote #gag3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cii4 #bf1 #bg4 ,footnote #gah3 4 ,*apt] ,,lvii4 ,see1 !n1 :e!r we ought to yield to "o :o1 hold+ su* op9ions1 calumniates ! ,*ri/ians1 & ?us ab&on a doctr9e :i* expla9s ! diff]5ce exi/+ among bodies z due to ! diff]5t qualities1 int]nal & ext]nal1 :i* are implant$ 9 !m4 ,= we1 too1 "k t !re are 8bodies cele/ial1 & bodies t]re/rial20 & t 8! glory ( ! cele/ial is "o1 & ! glory ( ! t]re/rial ano!r20 & t ev5 ! glory ( ! cele/ial bodies is n alike3 = 8"o is ! glory ( ! sun1 & ano!r ! glory ( ! />s20 & among ! />s !mselves1 8"o /> diff]e? f ano!r /> 9 glory40#gai ,& !re=e1 z ^? :o expect ! resurrection ( ! dead1 we ass]t t ! qualities :i* are 9 bodies und]go *ange3 s9ce "s bodies1 :i* are s[n 9 corruption1 are rais$ 9 incorruption2 & o!rs1 s[n 9 di%on\r1 are rais$ 9 glory2 & o!rs1 aga91 s[n 9 weakness1 are rais$ 9 p[]2 & ^? :i* are s[n natural bodies1 are rais$ z spiritual4#gbj ,t ! matt] :i* und]lies bodies is capable ( receiv+ ^? qualities :i* ! ,creator pleases to be/[1 is a po9t :i* all ( u :o accept ! doctr9e ( provid5ce firmly hold2 s t1 if ,god s will$1 "o quality is at ! pres5t "t implant$ 9 ?is portion ( matt]1 & aft]w>ds ano!r ( a diff]5t & bett] k9d4 ,b s9ce !re are1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 laws#gba e/abli%$ = ! purpose ( regulat+ ! *anges ( bodies1 & :i* w cont9ue :ile ! _w la/s1 ,i d n "k :e!r1 :5 a new & diff]5t ord] ( ?+s has succe$$#gbb aft] ! de/ruction ( ! _w1 & :at our ,scriptures call ! end#gbc ( ! ages1 x is n wond]ful t at ! pres5t "t a snake %\ld be =m$ out ( a dead man1 gr[+1 z ! multitude affirm1 out ( ! m>r[ ( ! back1#gbd & t a bee %\ld spr+ f an ox1 & a wasp f a horse1 & a beetle f an ass1 &1 g5]ally1 worms f ! mo/ ( bodies4 ,celsus1 inde$1 ?9ks t ?is c be %[n to be ! consequ5ce ( none ( ^! bodies be+ ! "w ( ,god1 & t qualities 7,i "k n :5ce x 0 s arrang$ t "o %\ld spr+ out ( ano!r7 are n ! "w ( a div9e intellig5ce1 produc+ ! *anges :i* occur 9 ! qualities ( matt]4 ,footnote #gai3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #da1 etc4 ,footnote #gbj3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #dd4 ,footnote #gba3 4 ,footnote #gbb3 1 etc4 ,= 1 ,boh]ellus w\ld read 4 ,cf4 ,orig51 de ,pr9cip4 iii4 c4 v4 ,footnote #gbc3 4 ,footnote #gbd3 ,cf4 ,pl9y1 x4 c4 #ff3 8,anguem ex m$ull hom9is sp9 gigni accepimus a multis40 ,cf4 also ,ovid1 ,metamorphos4 xv4 fab4 iv4 ,*apt] ,,lviii4 ,b we h some?+ m to say to ,celsus1 :5 he decl>es t 8! s\l is ! "w ( ,god1 & t ! nature ( body is diff]5t10 & puts =w>d su* an op9ion n only )\t pro(1 b ev5 )\t cle>ly def9+ 8 mean+2 = he did n make x evid5t1 :e!r he meant t e s\l is ! "w ( ,god1 or only ! rational s\l4 ,?is1 !n1 is :at we h to say3 ,if e s\l is ! "w ( ,god1 x is manife/ t ^? ( ! meane/ irrational animals are ,god's "w1 s t ! nature ( all bodies is diff]5t f t ( ! s\l4 ,he appe>s1 h[ev]1 9 :at foll[s1 :]e he says t 8irrational animals are m belov$ by ,god ?an we1 & h a pur] k ( div9ity10 to ma9ta9 t n only is ! s\l ( man1 b 9 a mu* great] degree t ( irrational animals1 ! "w ( ,god2 = ?is foll[s f _! be+ said to be m belov$ by ,god ?an we4 ,n[ if ! rational s\l alone be ! "w ( ,god1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 he did n cle>ly indicate t su* 0 8 op9ion2 & 9 ! second place1 ?is d$uction foll[s f 8 indef9ite language reg>d+ ! s\l--viz4 :e!r n e "o1 b only ! rational1 is ! "w ( ,god--t nei!r is ! nature ( all bodies diff]5t f ! s\l4 ,b if ! nature ( all bodies be n diff]5t1 al?\gh ! body ( ea* animal correspond to its s\l1 x is evid5t t ! body ( t animal ^: s\l 0 ! "w ( ,god1 w\ld diff] f ! body ( t animal 9 :i* dwells a s\l :i* 0 n ! "w ( ,god4 ,& s ! ass]tion w be false1 t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! body ( a bat1 or ( a worm1 or ( a frog1 & t ( a man4 ,*apt] ,,lix4 ,= x w\ld1 inde$1 be absurd t c]ta9 /ones & build+s %\ld be reg>d$ z m sacr$ or m pr(ane ?an o!rs1 accord+ z !y 7 con/ruct$ = ! hon\r ( ,god1 or = ! reception ( di%on\rable & accurs$ p]sons2#gbe :ile bodies %\ld n diff] f bodies1 accord+ z !y are inhabit$ by rational or irrational be+s1 & accord+ z ^! rational be+s are ! mo/ virtu\s or mo/ wor?less ( mank9d4 ,su* a pr9ciple ( di/9ction1 inde$1 has l$ "s to deify ! bodies ( di/+ui%$ m51#gbf z hav+ receiv$ a virtu\s s\l1 & to reject & treat ) di%on\r ^? ( v wick$ individuals4 ,i d n ma9ta9 t su* a pr9ciple has be5 always s\ndly ex]cis$1 b t x _h its orig9 9 a correct idea4 ,w\ld a wise man1 inde$1 aft] ! dea? ( ,anytus & ,socrates1 ?9k ( bury+ ! bodies ( bo? ) l hon\rs8 ,& w\ld he raise ! same m\nd or tomb to ! memory ( bo?8 ,^! in/ances we h adduc$ because ( ! language ( ,celsus1 t 8none ( ^! is ! "w ( ,god0 7:]e ! words 8( ^!0 ref] to ! body ( a man1 or to ! snakes :i* come out ( ! body2 & to t ( an ox1 or ( ! bees :i* come f ! body ( an ox2 & to t ( a horse1 or ( an ass1 & to ! wasps :i* come f a horse1 & ! beetles :i* proce$ f an ass72 = :i* reason we h be5 oblig$ to return to ! consid]ation ( 8 /atem5t1 t 8! s\l is ! "w ( ,god1 b t ! nature ( body is diff]5t40 ,footnote #gbe3 4 ,footnote #gbf3 4 ,*apt] ,,lx4 ,he next proce$s to say1 t 8a common nature p]vades all ! previ\sly m5tion$ bodies1 & "o :i* goes & returns ! same amid recurr+ *anges40#gbg ,9 answ] to ?is1 x is evid5t f :at has be5 already said1 t n only does a common nature p]vade ^? bodies :i* h be5 previ\sly enum]at$1 b ! heav5ly bodies z well4 ,& if ?is is ! case1 x is cle> also t1 accord+ to ,celsus 7al?\gh ,i d n "k :e!r x is accord+ to tru?71 x is "o nature :i* goes & returns ! same ?r\gh all bodies amid recurr+ *anges4 ,x is evid5t also t ?is is ! case 9 ! op9ion ( ^? :o hold t ! _w is to p]i%2 :ile ^? also :o hold ! opposite view w endeav\r to %[1 )\t ! assumption ( a fif? sub/ance1#gbh t 9 _! judgm5t too x is "o nature 8:i* goes & returns ! same ?r\gh all bodies amid recurr+ *anges40 ,& ?us1 ev5 t :i* is p]i%able rema9s 9 ord] to und]go a *ange2#gbi = ! matt] :i* und]lies all ?+s1 :ile its prop]ties p]i%1 /ill abides1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ^? :o hold x to be uncreat$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x c be %[n by any argum5ts n to be uncreat$1 b to h be5 creat$ = c]ta9 purposes1 x is cle> t x w n h ! same nature ( p]man5cy :i* x w\ld possess on ! hypo!sis ( be+ uncreat$4 ,b x is n our object at pres5t1 9 answ]+ ! *>ges ( ,celsus1 to discuss ^! que/ions ( natural philosophy4 ,footnote #gbg3 4 ,footnote #gbh3 4 ,footnote #gbi3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxi4 ,he ma9ta9s1 moreov]1 t 8no product ( matt] is immortal40 ,n[1 9 answ] to ?is x may be said1 t if no product ( matt] is immortal1 !n ei!r ! :ole _w is immortal1 & ?us n a product ( matt]1 or x is n immortal4 ,if1 accord+ly1 ! _w is immortal 7:i* is agreeable to ! view ( ^? :o say t ! s\l alone is ! "w ( ,god1 & 0 produc$ f a c]ta9 b[l71 let ,celsus %[ t ! _w 0 n produc$ f a matt] devoid ( qualities1 rememb]+ 8 own ass]tion t 8no product ( matt] is immortal40 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! _w is n immortal 7see+ x is a product ( matt]71 b mortal1 does x also p]i%1 or does x n8 ,= if x p]i%1 x w p]i% z be+ a "w ( ,god2 & !n1 9 ! ev5t ( ! _w p]i%+1 :at w become ( ! s\l1 :i* is also a "w ( ,god8 ,let ,celsus answ] ?is6 ,b if1 p]v]t+ ! notion ( immortality1 he w ass]t t1 al?\gh p]i%able1 x is immortal1 because x does n really p]i%2 t x is capable ( dy+1 b does n actually die1--x is evid5t t1 accord+ to him1 !re w exi/ some?+ :i* is at ! same "t mortal & immortal1 by be+ capable ( bo? conditions2 & t :i* does n die w be mortal1 & t :i* is n immortal by nature w be t]m$ 9 a peculi> s5se immortal1 because x does n die6 ,accord+ to :at di/9ction1 !n1 9 ! mean+ ( words1 w he ma9ta9 t no product ( matt] is immortal8 ,& ?us y see t ! ideas conta9$ 9 8 writ+s1 :5 closely exam9$ & te/$1 are prov$ n to be s\nd & incontrov]tible4#gcj ,& aft] mak+ ^! ass]tions he adds3 8,on ?is po9t ^! rem>ks are suffici5t2 & if any "o is capable ( he>+ & exam9+ fur!r1 he w come to "k ! tru?40 ,let u1 !n1 :o 9 8 op9ion are un9tellig5t individuals1 see :at w result f our be+ able to li/5 to him = a little1 & s cont9ue our inve/igation4 ,footnote #gcj3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxii4 ,aft] ^! matt]s1 !n1 he ?9ks t he c make u acqua9t$ 9 a few words ) ! que/ions reg>d+ ! nature ( evil1 :i* h be5 v>i\sly discuss$ 9 _m important treatises1 & :i* h receiv$ v opposite explanations4 ,8 words are3 8,!re nei!r 7 =m]ly1 nor are !re n[1 nor w !re be aga91 m or few] evils 9 ! _w ?an h always be54 ,= ! nature ( all ?+s is "o & ! same1 & ! g5]ation ( evils is always ! same40 ,he seems to h p>aphras$ ^! words f ! discussions 9 ! ,!tetus1 :]e ,plato makes ,socrates say3 8,x is nei!r possible = evils to disappe> f among m51 nor = !m to become e/abli%$ among ! gods10 & s on4 ,b he appe>s to me n to h und]/ood ,plato correctly1 al?\gh pr(ess+ to include all tru?#gca 9 ?is "o treatise1 & giv+ to 8 own book aga9/ u ! title ( ,a ,true ,disc\rse4 ,= ! language 9 ! ,timu1 :]e x is said1 8,:5 ! gods purify ! e>? ) wat]10 %[s t ! e>?1 :5 purifi$ ) wat]1 conta9s less evil ?an x did be=e its purification4 ,& ?is ass]tion1 t !re at "o "t 7 few] evils 9 ! _w1 is "o :i* we make1 9 h>mony ) ! op9ion ( ,plato1 because ( ! language 9 ! ,!tetus1 :]e he says t 8evils _c disappe> f among m540 ,footnote #gca3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxiii4 ,i d n und]/& h[ ,celsus1 :ile admitt+ ! exi/5ce ( ,provid5ce1 at lea/ s f> z appe>s f ! language ( ?is book1 c say t !re nev] exi/$ at any "t ei!r m or few] evils1 b1 z x 71 a fix$ numb]2 ?us annihilat+ ! beautiful doctr9e reg>d+ ! indef9ite#gcb nature ( evil1 & ass]t+ t evil1 ev5 9 its own nature1#gcc is inf9ite4 ,n[ x appe>s to foll[ f ! position1 t !re nev] h be51 nor are n[1 nor ev] w be1 m or few] evils 9 ! _w2 t z1 accord+ to ! view ( ^? :o hold ! inde/ructibility ( ! _w1 ! equipoise ( ! elem5ts is ma9ta9$ by a ,provid5ce 7:i* does n p]mit "o to ga9 ! prepond]ance ov] ! o!rs1 9 ord] to prev5t ! de/ruction ( ! _w71 s a k9d ( ,provid5ce presides1 z x 71 ov] evils 7! numb] ( :i* is fix$71#gcd to prev5t _! be+ ei!r increas$ or dim9i%$6 ,9 o!r ways1 too1 are ! argum5ts ( ,celsus conc]n+ evil confut$1 by ^? philosoph]s :o h inve/igat$ ! subjects ( good & evil1 & :o h prov$ also f hi/ory t 9 =m] times x 0 )\t ! city1 & ) _! faces conceal$ by masks1 t loose wom5 hir$ !mselves to ^? :o want$ !m2 t subsequ5tly1 becom+ m impud5t1 !y laid aside _! masks1 ?\gh n be+ p]mitt$ by ! laws to ent] ! cities1 !y /ill rema9$ )\t !m1 until1 z ! dissolut5ess ( mann]s daily increas$1 !y d>$ f9ally ev5 to ent] ! cities4 ,su* acc\nts are giv5 by ,*rysippus 9 ! introduction to 8 "w on ,good & ,evil4 ,f ?is also x may be se5 t evils bo? increase & decrease1 viz4 t ^? individuals :o 7 call$ 8,ambigu\s0#gce us$ =m]ly to pres5t !mselves op5ly to view1 suff]+ & committ+ all %ameful ?+s1 :ile subs]v+ ! passions ( ^? :o frequ5t$ _! society2 b rec5tly !y h be5 expell$ f ! city by ! au?orities4#gcf ,& ( c\ntless evils :i*1 ow+ to ! spread ( wick$ness1 h made _! appe>ance 9 human life1 we may say t =m]ly !y did n exi/4 ,= ! mo/ anci5t hi/ories1 :i* br+ innum]able o!r accusations aga9/ s9ful m51 "k no?+ ( ! p]petrators ( abom9able#gcg crimes4 ,footnote #gcb3 4 ,footnote #gcc3 4 ,footnote #gcd3 4 ,footnote #gce3 4 ,footnote #gcf3 4 ,footnote #gcg3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxiv4 ,& n[1 aft] ^! argum5ts1 & o!rs ( a simil> k9d1 h[ c ,celsus escape appe>+ 9 a ridicul\s light1 :5 he imag9es t !re nev] has be5 9 ! pa/1 nor w be 9 ! future1 a great] or less numb] ( evils8 ,= al?\gh ! nature ( all ?+s is "o & ! same1 x does n at all foll[ t ! production ( evils is a con/ant quantity4#gch ,= al?\gh ! nature ( a c]ta9 individual is "o & ! same1 yet 8 m9d1 & 8 reason1 & 8 actions1 are n always alike3#gci !re be+ a "t :5 he _h n yet atta9$ to reason2 & ano!r1 :51 ) ! possession ( reason1 he _h become /a9$ ) wick$ness1 & :5 ?is increas$ to a great] or less degree2 & aga91 a "t :5 he devot$ himself to virtue1 & made great] or less progress !re91 atta9+ sometimes ! v summit ( p]fection1 ?r\gh long] or %ort] p]iods ( contemplation4#gdj ,9 l mann]1 we may make ! same ass]tion 9 a high] degree ( ! nature ( ! univ]se1#gda t al?\gh x is "o & ! same 9 k9d1 yet nei!r d exactly ! same ?+s1 nor yet ?+s t are simil>1 occur 9 x2 = we nei!r h inv>iably productive nor unproductive seasons1 nor yet p]iods ( cont9u\s ra9 or ( dr\ght4 ,& s 9 ! same way1 ) reg>d to virtu\s s\ls1 !re are nei!r appo9t$ p]iods ( f]tility nor ( b>r5ness2 & ! same is ! case ) ! great] or less spread ( evil4 ,& ^? :o desire to inve/igate all ?+s to ! be/ ( _! ability1 mu/ keep 9 view ?is e/imate ( evils1 t _! am\nt is n always ! same1 ow+ to ! work+ ( a ,provid5ce :i* ei!r pres]ves e>?ly ?+s1 or purges !m by means ( floods & conflagrations2 & effects ?is1 p]haps1 n m]ely ) ref]5ce to ?+s on e>?1 b also to ! :ole univ]se ( ?+s#gdb :i* /&s 9 ne$ ( purification1 :5 ! wick$ness t is 9 x has become great4 ,footnote #gch3 4 ,footnote #gci3 1 1 4 ,footnote #gdj3 4 ,footnote #gda3 4 ,footnote #gdb3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxv4 ,aft] ?is ,celsus cont9ues3 8,x is n easy1 inde$1 = "o :o is n a philosoph] to asc]ta9 ! orig9 ( evils1 ?\gh x is suffici5t = ! multitude to say t !y d n proce$ f ,god1 b cleave to matt]1 & h _! abode among mortal ?+s2 :ile ! c\rse#gdc ( mortal ?+s be+ ! same f beg9n+ to end1 ! same ?+s mu/ always1 agreeably to ! appo9t$ cycles1#gdd recur 9 ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future40 ,celsus "h obs]ves t x is n easy = "o :o is n a philosoph] to asc]ta9 ! orig9 ( evils1 z if x 7 an easy matt] = a philosoph] to ga9 ?is k1 :ile = "o :o is n a philosoph] x 0 difficult1 ?\gh /ill possible1 = su* an "o1 al?\gh ) great lab\r1 to atta9 x4 ,n[1 to ?is we say1 t ! orig9 ( evils is a subject :i* is n easy ev5 = a philosoph] to ma/]1 & t p]haps x is impossible ev5 = su* to atta9 a cle> und]/&+ ( x1 unless x be reveal$ to !m by div9e inspiration1 bo? :at evils are1 & h[ !y orig9at$1 & h[ !y %all be made to disappe>4 ,b al?\gh ignorance ( ,god is an evil1 & "o ( ! greate/ ( ^! is n to "k h[ ,god is to be s]v$ & wor%ipp$1 yet1 z ev5 ,celsus w\ld admit1 !re are und\bt$ly "s philosoph]s :o h be5 ignorant ( ?is1 z is evid5t f ! views ( ! diff]5t philosophical sects2 :]eas1 accord+ to our judgm5t1 no "o is capable ( asc]ta9+ ! orig9 ( evils :o does n "k t x is wick$ to suppose t piety is pres]v$ un9jur$ amid ! laws t are e/abli%$ 9 diff]5t /ates1 9 con=mity ) ! g5]ally prevail+ ideas ( gov]nm5t4#gde ,no "o1 moreov]1 :o has n he>d :at is relat$ ( him :o is call$ 8devil10 & ( 8 8angels10 & :at he 0 be=e he became a devil1 & h[ he became su*1 & :at 0 ! cause ( ! simultane\s apo/asy ( ^? :o are t]m$ 8 angels1 w be able to asc]ta9 ! orig9 ( evils4 ,b he :o w\ld atta9 to ?is k mu/ le>n m accurately ! nature ( demons1 & "k t !y are n ! "w ( ,god s f> z respects _! demoniacal nature1 b only 9 s f> z !y are possess$ ( reason2 & also :at _! orig9 01 s t !y became be+s ( su* a nature1 t :ile conv]t$ into demons1 ! p[]s ( _! m9d#gdf rema94 ,& if !re be any topic ( human inve/igation :i* is difficult = our nature to grasp1 c]ta9ly ! orig9 ( evils may be consid]$ to be su*4 ,footnote #gdc3 4 ,footnote #gdd3 4 ,footnote #gde3 4 ,footnote #gdf3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxvi4 ,celsus 9 ! next place1 z if he 7 able to tell c]ta9 secrets reg>d+ ! orig9 ( evils1 b *ose r to keep sil5ce1 & say only :at 0 suitable to ! multitude1 cont9ues z foll[s3 8,x is suffici5t to say to ! multitude reg>d+ ! orig9 ( evils1 t !y d n proce$ f ,god1 b cleave to matt]1 & dwell among mortal ?+s40 ,x is true1 c]ta9ly1 t evils d n proce$ f ,god2 = accord+ to ,j]emiah1 "o ( our prophets1 x is c]ta9 t 8out ( ! m\? ( ! ,mo/ ,high proce$e? n evil & good40#gdg ,b to ma9ta9 t matt]1 dwell+ among mortal ?+s1 is ! cause ( evils1 is 9 our op9ion n true4 ,= x is ! m9d ( ea* individual :i* is ! cause ( ! evil :i* arises 9 him1 & ?is is evil 9 ! ab/ract2#gdh :ile ! actions :i* proce$ f x are wick$1 & !re is1 to speak ) accuracy1 no?+ else 9 our view t is evil4 ,i am aw>e1 h[ev]1 t ?is topic requires v elaborate treatm5t1 :i* 7by ! grace ( ,god enlight5+ ! m9d7 may be successfully attempt$ by him :o is deem$ by ,god wor?y to atta9 ! necess>y k on ?is subject4 ,footnote #gdg3 ,cf4 ,lam4 iii4 #ch4 ,footnote #gdh3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxvii4 ,i d n und]/& h[ ,celsus %\ld deem x ( advantage1 9 writ+ a treatise aga9/ u1 to adopt an op9ion :i* requires at lea/ mu* plausible reason+ to make x appe>1 z f> z he c d s1 t 8! c\rse ( mortal ?+s is ! same f beg9n+ to end1 & t ! same ?+s mu/ always1 accord+ to ! appo9t$ cycles1 recur 9 ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future40 ,n[1 if ?is be true1 our free-w is annihilat$4#gdi ,= if1 9 ! revolution ( mortal ?+s1 ! same ev5ts mu/ p]petually occur 9 ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future1 accord+ to ! appo9t$ cycles1 x is cle> t1 ( necessity1 ,socrates w always be a philosoph]1 & be condemn$ = introduc+ /range gods & = corrupt+ ! y\?4 ,& ,anytus & ,melitus mu/ always be 8 accus]s1 & ! c\ncil ( ! ,areopagus mu/ ev] condemn him to dea? by hemlock4 ,& 9 ! same way1 accord+ to ! appo9t$ cycles1 ,phal>is mu/ always play ! tyrant1 & ,alex&] ( ,ph] commit ! same acts ( cruelty1 & ^? condemn$ to ! torture ( ! braz5 bull ( ,phal>is cont9ually p\r =? _! wail+s f x4 ,b if ^! ?+s be grant$1 ,i d n see h[ our free-w c be pres]v$1 or h[ praise or blame c be adm9i/]$ ) propriety4 ,we may say fur!r to ,celsus1 9 answ] to su* a view1 t 8if ! c\rse ( mortal ?+s be always ! same f beg9n+ to end1 & if1 accord+ to ! appo9t$ cycles1 ! same ev5ts mu/ always occur 9 ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future10 !n1 accord+ to ! appo9t$ cycles1 ,moses mu/ aga9 come =? f ,egypt ) ! ,jewi% p1 & ,jesus aga9 come to dwell 9 human life1 & p]=m ! same actions :i*1 accord+ to ?is view1 he has done n once1 b c\ntless times1 z ! p]iods h revolv$4 ,nay1 ,*ri/ians too w be ! same 9 ! appo9t$ cycles2 & ,celsus w aga9 write ?is treatise ( 81 :i* he has done innum]able times be=e6 ,footnote #gdi3 ' 4 ,*apt] ,,lxviii4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 says t x is only 8! c\rse ( mortal ?+s :i*1 accord+ to ! appo9t$ cycles1 mu/ always be ! same 9 ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future20 :]eas ! majority ( ! ,/oics ma9ta9 t ?is is ! case n only ) ! c\rse ( mortal1 b also ) t ( immortal ?+s1 & ( ^? :om !y reg>d z gods4 ,= aft] ! conflagration ( ! _w1#gej :i* has tak5 place c\ntless times 9 ! pa/1 & w happ5 c\ntless times 9 ! future1 !re has be51 & w be1 ! same arrangem5t ( all ?+s f ! beg9n+ to ! end4 ,! ,/oics1 inde$1 9 endeav\r+ to p>ry1 ,i don't "k h[1 ! objections rais$ to _! views1 allege t z cycle aft] cycle returns1 all m5 w be altoge!r un*ang$#gea f ^? :o liv$ 9 =m] cycles2 s t ,socrates w n live aga91 b "o altoge!r l to ,socrates1 :o w m>ry a wife exactly l ,xan?ippe1 & w be accus$ by m5 exactly l ,anytus & ,melitus4 ,i d n und]/&1 h[ev]1 h[ ! _w is to be always ! same1 & "o individual n diff]5t f ano!r1 & yet ! ?+s 9 x n ! same1 ?\gh exactly alike4 ,b ! ma9 argum5t 9 answ] to ! /atem5ts ( ,celsus & ( ! ,/oics w be m appropriately inve/igat$ else:]e1 s9ce on ! pres5t occasion x is n consi/5t ) ! purpose we h 9 view to expatiate on ^! po9ts4 ,footnote #gej3 4 ,footnote #gea3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxix4 ,he cont9ues to say1 t 8nei!r h visible ?+s#geb be5 giv5 to man by ,god1 b ea* individual ?+ comes into exi/5ce & p]i%es = ! sake ( ! safety ( ! :ole1 pass+ agreeably to ! *ange1 :i* ,i h already m5tion$1 f "o ?+ to ano!r40 ,x is unnecess>y1 h[ev]1 to l+] ov] ! refutation ( ^! /atem5ts1 :i* h be5 already refut$ to ! be/ ( my ability4 ,& ! foll[+1 too1 has be5 answ]$1 viz4 t 8!re w nei!r be m nor less good & evil among mortals40 ,?is po9t also has be5 ref]r$ to1 viz4 t 8,god does n ne$ to am5d ,8 "w afre%40#gec ,b x is n z a man :o has imp]fectly design$ "s piece ( workman%ip1 & execut$ x unskilfully1 t ,god adm9i/]s correction to ! _w1 9 purify+ x by a flood or by a conflagration1 b 9 ord] to prev5t ! tide ( evil f ris+ to a great] height2 &1 moreov]1 ,i am ( op9ion t x is at p]iods :i* are precisely det]m9$ be=eh& t ,he sweeps wick$ness away1 s z to contribute to ! good ( ! :ole _w4#ged ,if1 h[ev]1 he %\ld ass]t t1 aft] ! disappe>ance ( evil1 x aga9 comes into exi/5ce1 su* que/ions w h to be exam9$ 9 a special treatise4 ,x is1 !n1 always 9 ord] to repair :at has become faulty#gee t ,god desires to am5d ,8 "w afre%4 ,= al?\gh1 9 ! creation ( ! _w1 all ?+s _h be5 arrang$ by ,him 9 ! mo/ beautiful & /able mann]1 ,he nev]!less ne$$ to ex]cise "s heal+ p[] ^u ^? :o 7 lab\r+ "u ! disease ( wick$ness1 & ^u a :ole _w1 :i* 0 pollut$ z x 7 !reby4 ,b no?+ has be5 neglect$ by ,god1 or w be neglect$ by ,him2 = ,he does at ea* p>ticul> juncture :at x becomes ,him to d 9 a p]v]t$ & *ang$ _w4 ,& z a husb&man p]=ms diff]5t acts ( husb&ry ^u ! soil & its productions1 accord+ to ! v>y+ seasons ( ! ye>1 s ,god adm9i/]s entire ages ( "t1 z if !y 71 s to speak1 s _m individual ye>s1 p]=m+ dur+ ea* "o ( !m :at is requisite ) a reasonable reg>d to ! c>e ( ! _w2 & ?is1 z x is truly und]/ood by ,god alone1 s also is x accompli%$ by ,him4 ,footnote #geb3 4 ,footnote #gec3 4 ,footnote #ged3 4 ,footnote #gee3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxx4 ,celsus has made a /atem5t reg>d+ evils ( ! foll[+ nature1 viz41 t 8al?\gh a ?+ may seem to y to be evil1 x is by no means c]ta9 t x is s2 = y d n "k :at is ( advantage to y\rself1 or to ano!r1 or to ! :ole _w40 ,n[ ?is ass]tion is made ) a c]ta9 degree ( caution2#gef & x h9ts t ! nature ( evil is n :olly wick$1 because t :i* may be consid]$ s 9 individual cases1 may conta9 some?+ :i* is ( advantage to ! :ole community4 ,h[ev]1 le/ any "o %\ld mi/ake my words1 & f9d a pret5ce ( wrongdo+1 z if 8 wick$ness 7 pr(itable to ! _w1 or at lea/ might be s1 we h to say1 t al?\gh ,god1 :o pres]ves ! free-w ( ea* individual1 may make use ( ! evil ( ! wick$ = ! adm9i/ration ( ! _w1 s dispos+ !m z to conduce to ! b5efit ( ! :ole2 yet1 not)/&+1 su* an individual is des]v+ ( c5sure1 & z su* has be5 appo9t$ = a use1 :i* is a subject ( loa?+ to ea* sep>ate individual1 al?\gh ( advantage to ! :ole community4#geg ,x is z if "o 7 to say t 9 ! case ( a city1 a man :o _h committ$ c]ta9 crimes1 & on acc\nt ( ^! _h be5 condemn$ to s]ve 9 public works t 7 useful to ! community1 did some?+ t 0 ( advantage to ! entire city1 :ile he himself 0 engag$ 9 an abom9able task1#geh 9 :i* no "o possess$ ( mod]ate und]/&+ w\ld wi% to be engag$4 ,paul also1 ! apo/le ( ,jesus1 tea*es u t ev5 ! v wick$ w contribute to ! good ( ! :ole1 :ile 9 !mselves !y w be among/ ! vile1 b t ! mo/ virtu\s m51 too1 w be ( ! greate/ advantage to ! _w1 & w !re=e on t acc\nt occupy ! noble/ position4 ,8 words are3 8,b 9 a great h\se !re are n only vessels ( gold & silv]1 b also ( wood & ( e>?2 & "s to hon\r1 & "s to di%on\r4 ,if a man !re=e purge himself1 he %all be a vessel unto hon\r1 sanctifi$ & meet = ! ,ma/]'s use1 prep>$ unto e good "w40#gei ,^! rem>ks ,i h ?\ght x necess>y to make 9 reply to ! ass]tion1 t 8al?\gh a ?+ may seem to y to be evil1 x is by no means c]ta9 t x is s1 = y d n "k :at is ( advantage ei!r to y\rself or to ano!r10 9 ord] t no "o may take occasion f :at has be5 said on ! subject to commit s91 on ! pretext t he w ?us be useful to ! _w4 ,footnote #gef3 4 ,footnote #geg3 1 4 ,footnote #geh3 4 ,footnote #gei3 ,cf4 #a ,tim4 ii4 #bj1 #ba4 ,*apt] ,,lxxi4 ,b z1 9 :at foll[s1 ,celsus1 n und]/&+ t ! language ( ,scripture reg>d+ ,god is adapt$ to an an?ropopa?ic po9t ( view1 ridicules ^? passages :i* speak ( words ( ang] address$ to ! ungodly1 & ( ?reat5+s direct$ aga9/ s9n]s1 we h to say t1 z we ourselves1 :5 talk+ ) v "y *ildr51 d n aim at ex]t+ our own p[] ( eloqu5ce1#gfj b1 adapt+ ourselves to ! weakness ( our *>ge1 bo? say & d ^? ?+s :i* may appe> to u useful = ! correction & improvem5t ( ! *ildr5 z *ildr51 s ! ^w ( ,god appe>s to h dealt ) ! hi/ory1 mak+ ! capacity ( ! he>]s1 & ! b5efit :i* !y 7 to receive1 ! /&>d ( ! appropriat5ess ( its ann\ncem5ts reg>d+ ,him4 ,&1 g5]ally1 ) reg>d to su* a /yle ( speak+ ab\t ,god1 we f9d 9 ! book ( ,deut]onomy ! foll[+3 8,! ,"l ?y ,god b>e ) y\r mann]s1 z a man w\ld be> ) ! mann]s ( 8 son40#gfa ,x is1 z x 71 assum+ ! mann]s ( a man 9 ord] to secure ! advantage ( m5 t ! ,scripture makes use ( su* expressions2 = x w\ld n h be5 suitable to ! condition ( ! multitude1 t :at ,god _h to say to !m %\ld be spok5 by ,him 9 a mann] m befitt+ ! maje/y ( ,8 own p]son4 ,& yet he :o is anxi\s to atta9 a true und]/&+ ( ,holy ,scripture1 w discov] ! spiritual tru?s :i* are spok5 by x to ^? :o are call$ 8spiritual10 by comp>+ ! mean+ ( :at is address$ to ^? ( weak] m9d ) :at is ann\nc$ to su* z are ( acut] und]/&+1 bo? mean+s be+ frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! same passage by him :o is capable ( compreh5d+ x4 ,footnote #gfj3 4 ,footnote #gfa3 ,cf4 ,deut4 i4 #ca4 ,orig5 appe>s to h read1 n 1 ! common read+ 7,heb4 71 b 1 ! read+ ( ! ,codex ,alex4 ,*apt] ,,lxxii4 ,we speak1 inde$1 ( ! 8wra?0 ( ,god4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 ass]t t x indicates any 8passion0 on ,8 "p1 b t x is some?+ :i* is assum$ 9 ord] to discipl9e by /]n means ^? s9n]s :o h committ$ _m & griev\s s9s4 ,= t :i* is call$ ,god's 8wra?10 & 8ang]10 is a means ( discipl9e2 & t su* a view is agreeable to ,scripture1 is evid5t f :at is said 9 ! six? ,psalm1 8,o ,"l1 rebuke me n 9 ,?9e ang]1 nei!r *a/5 me 9 ,?y hot displeasure20#gfb & also 9 ,j]emiah1 8,o ,"l1 correct me1 b ) judgm5t3 n 9 ,?9e ang]1 le/ ,?\ br+ me to no?+40#gfc ,any "o1 moreov]1 :o reads 9 ! second book ( ,k+s ( ! 8wra?0 ( ,god1 induc+ ,david to numb] ! p1 & f9ds f ! fir/ book ( ,*ronicles t x 0 ! devil :o sugge/$ ?is measure1 w1 on comp>+ toge!r ! two /atem5ts1 easily see = :at purpose ! 8wra?0 is m5tion$1 ( :i* 8wra?10 z ! ,apo/le ,paul decl>es1 all m5 are *ildr53 8,we 7 by nature *ildr5 ( wra?1 ev5 z o!rs40#gfd ,moreov]1 t 8wra?0 is no passion on ! "p ( ,god1 b t ea* "o br+s x ^u himself by 8 s9s1 w be cle> f ! fur!r /atem5t ( ,paul3 8,or despise/ ?\ ! ri*es ( ,8 goodness1 & =be>ance1 & long-suff]+1 n kn[+ t ! goodness ( ,god leade? !e to rep5tance8 ,b aft] ?y h>dness & imp5it5t he>t1 treasure/ up unto ?yself wra? aga9/ ! day ( wra?1 & revelation ( ! righte\s judgm5t ( ,god40 ,h[1 !n1 c any "o treasure up = himself 8wra?0 aga9/ a 8day ( wra?10 if 8wra?0 be und]/ood 9 ! s5se ( 8passion80 or h[ c ! 8passion ( wra?0 be a help to discipl9e8 ,besides1 ! ,scripture1 :i* tells u n to be angry at all1 & :i* says 9 ! ?irty-sev5? ,psalm1 8,cease f ang]1 & =sake wra?10#gfe & :i* comm&s u by ! m\? ( ,paul to 8put (f all ^!1 ang]1 wra?1 malice1 blasphemy1 fil?y communication10#gff w\ld n involve ,god 9 ! same passion f :i* x w\ld h u to be altoge!r free4 ,x is manife/1 fur!r1 t ! language us$ reg>d+ ! wra? ( ,god is to be und]/ood figuratively f :at is relat$ ( ,8 8sleep10 f :i*1 z if awak+ ,him1 ! prophet says3 8,awake1 :y sleepe/ ,?\1 ,"l80#gfg & aga93 8,!n ! ,"l awak$ z "o out ( sleep1 & l a mighty man t %\te? by reason ( w9e40#gfh ,if1 !n1 8sleep0 mu/ mean some?+ else1 & n :at ! fir/ acceptation ( ! ^w conveys1 :y %\ld n 8wra?0 also be und]/ood 9 a simil> way8 ,! 8?reat5+s10 aga91 are intimations ( ! puni%m5ts :i* are to befall ! wick$3 = x is z if "o 7 to call ! words ( a physician 8?reats10 :5 he tells 8 pati5ts1 8,i w h to use ! knife1 & apply caut]ies1 if y d n obey my prescriptions1 & regulate y\r diet & mode ( life 9 su* a way z ,i direct y40 ,x is no human passions1 !n1 :i* we ascribe to ,god1 nor impi\s op9ions :i* we ent]ta9 ( ,him2 nor d we err :5 we pres5t ! v>i\s n>ratives conc]n+ ,him1 drawn f ! ,scriptures !mselves1 aft] c>eful comp>ison "o ) ano!r4 ,= ^? :o are wise ambassadors ( ! 8^w0 h no o!r object 9 view ?an to free z f> z !y c _! he>]s f weak op9ions1 & to endue !m ) intellig5ce4 ,footnote #gfb3 ,cf4 ,ps4 vi4 #a4 ,footnote #gfc3 ,cf4 ,j]4 x4 #bd4 ,footnote #gfd3 ,cf4 ,eph4 ii4 #c4 ,footnote #gfe3 ,cf4 ,ps4 xxxvii4 #h4 ,footnote #gff3 ,cf4 ,col4 iii4 #h4 ,footnote #gfg3 ,ps4 xliv4 #bc4 ,footnote #gfh3 ,cf4 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #fe4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiii4 ,& z a sequel to 8 non-und]/&+ ( ! /atem5ts reg>d+ ! 8wra?0 ( ,god1 he cont9ues3 8,is x n ridicul\s to suppose t1 :]eas a man1 :o became angry ) ! ,jews1 slew !m all f ! y\? upw>ds1 & burn$ _! city 7s p[]less 7 !y to resi/ him71 ! mighty ,god1 z !y say1 be+ angry1 & indignant1 & utt]+ ?reats1 %\ld1 in/ead ( puni%+ !m1 s5d ,8 own ,son1 :o endur$ ! suff]+s :i* ,he did80 ,if ! ,jews1 !n1 aft] ! treatm5t :i* !y d>$ to inflict ^u ,jesus1 p]i%$ ) all _! y\?1 & _h _! city consum$ by fire1 !y suff]$ ?is puni%m5t 9 consequ5ce ( no o!r wra? ?an t :i* !y treasur$ up = !mselves2 = ! judgm5t ( ,god aga9/ !m1 :i* 0 det]m9$ by ! div9e appo9tm5t1 is t]m$ 8wra?0 agreeably to a traditional usage ( ! ,hebrews4 ,& :at ! ,son ( ! mighty ,god suff]$1 ,he suff]$ volunt>ily = ! salvation ( m51 z has be5 /at$ to ! be/ ( my ability 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,he !n cont9ues3 8,b t ,i may speak n ( ! ,jews alone 7= t is n my object71 b ( ! :ole ( nature1 z ,i promis$1 ,i w br+ out m cle>ly :at has be5 already /at$40 ,n[ :at mode/ man1 on read+ ^! words1 & kn[+ ! weakness ( humanity1 w\ld n be indignant at ! (f5sive nature ( ! promise to give an acc\nt ( ! 8:ole ( nature10 & at an arrogance l t :i* prompt$ him to inscribe ^u 8 book ! title :i* he v5tur$ to give x ( a ,true ,disc\rse8 ,b let u see :at he has to say reg>d+ ! 8:ole ( nature10 & :at he is to place 89 a cle>] light40 ,*apt] ,,lxxiv4 ,he next1 9 _m words1 blames u = ass]t+ t ,god made all ?+s = ! sake ( man4 ,because f ! hi/ory ( animals1 & f ! sagacity manife/$ by !m1 he w\ld %[ t all ?+s came into exi/5ce n m = ! sake ( man ?an ( ! irrational animals4 ,& "h he seems to me to speak 9 a simil> mann] to ^? :o1 ?r\gh dislike ( _! enemies1 accuse !m ( ! same ?+s = :i* _! own fri5ds are comm5d$4 ,= z1 9 ! in/ance ref]r$ to1 hatr$ bl9ds ^! p]sons f see+ t !y are accus+ _! v de>e/ fri5ds by ! means ?r\gh :i* !y ?9k !y are sl&]+ _! enemies2 s 9 ! same way1 ,celsus also1 becom+ confus$ 9 8 argum5t1 does n see t he is br++ a *>ge aga9/ ! philosoph]s ( ! ,por*1 :o1 n amiss1 place man 9 ! =emo/ rank1 & rational nature 9 g5]al be=e irrational animals1 & :o ma9ta9 t ,provid5ce creat$ all ?+s ma9ly on acc\nt ( rational nature4 ,rational be+s1 !n1 z be+ ! pr9cipal ones1 occupy ! place1 z x 71 ( *ildr5 9 ! womb1 :ile irrational & s\lless be+s hold t ( ! envelope :i* is creat$ along ) ! *ild4#gfi ,i ?9k1 too1 t z 9 cities ! sup]9t5d5ts ( ! goods & m>ket dis*>ge _! duties = ! sake ( no o!r ?an human be+s1 :ile dogs & o!r irrational animals h ! b5efit ( ! sup]abundance2 s ,provid5ce provides 9 a special mann] = rational creatures2 :ile ?is also foll[s1 t irrational creatures likewise enjoy ! b5efit ( :at is done = ! sake ( man4 ,& z he is 9 error :o alleges t ! sup]9t5d5ts ( ! m>kets#ggj make provision 9 no great] degree = m5 ?an = dogs1 because dogs also get _! %>e ( ! goods2 s 9 a f> great] degree are ,celsus & !y :o ?9k ) him guilty ( impiety t[>ds ! ,god :o makes provision = rational be+s1 9 ass]t+ t ,8 arrangem5ts are made 9 no great] degree = ! su/5ance ( human be+s ?an = t ( plants1 & trees1 & h]bs1 & ?orns4 ,footnote #gfi3 1 1 ' 4 ,footnote #ggj3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxv4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 he is ( op9ion t 8?und]s1 & lightn+s1 & ra9s are n ! works ( ,god10--?us %[+ m cle>ly at la/ 8 ,epicurean lean+s2 & 9 ! second place1 t 8ev5 if "o 7 to grant t ^! 7 ! works ( ,god1 !y are br\ght into exi/5ce n m = ! support ( u :o are human be+s1 ?an = t ( plants1 & trees1 & h]bs1 & ?orns10--ma9ta9+1 l a true ,epicurean1 t ^! ?+s are ! product ( *ance1 & n ! "w ( ,provid5ce4 ,= if ^! ?+s are ( no m use to u ?an to plants1 & trees1 & h]bs1 & ?orns1 x is evid5t ei!r t !y d n proce$ f ,provid5ce at all1 or f a provid5ce :i* does n provide = u 9 a great] degree ?an = trees1 & h]bs1 & ?orns4 ,n[1 ei!r ( ^! suppositions is impi\s 9 itself1 & x w\ld be fooli% to refute su* /atem5ts by answ]+ any "o :o br\ght aga9/ u ! *>ge ( impiety2 = x is manife/ to e "o1 f :at has be5 said1 :o is ! p]son guilty ( impiety4 ,9 ! next place1 he adds3 8,al?\gh y may say t ^! ?+s1 viz4 plants1 & trees1 & h]bs1 & ?orns1 gr[ = ! use ( m51 :y w y ma9ta9 t !y gr[ = ! use ( m5 r ?an = t ( ! mo/ savage ( irrational animals80 ,let ,celsus !n say di/9ctly t ! great div]sity among ! products ( ! e>? is n ! "w ( ,provid5ce1 b t a c]ta9 =tuit\s concurr5ce ( atoms#gga gave bir? to qualities s div]se1 & t x 0 ow+ to *ance t s _m k9ds ( plants1 & trees1 & h]bs resemble "o ano!r1 & t no dispos+ reason gave exi/5ce to !m1#ggb & t !y d n d]ive _! orig9 f an und]/&+ t is beyond all admiration4 ,we ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 :o are devot$ to ! wor%ip ( ! only ,god1 :o creat$ ^! ?+s1 feel grateful = !m to ,him :o made !m1 because n only = u1 b also 7on our acc\nt7 = ! animals :i* are subject to u1 ,he has prep>$ su* a home1#ggc see+ 8,he cause? ! grass to gr[ = ! cattle1 & h]b = ! s]vice ( man1 t ,he may br+ =? food out ( ! e>?1 & w9e t make? glad ! he>t ( man1 & oil to make 8 face to %9e1 & bread :i* /r5g!ne? man's he>t40#ggd ,b t ,he %\ld h provid$ food ev5 = ! mo/ savage animals is n matt] ( surprise1 = ^! v animals are said by "s :o h philosophiz$ ^u ! subject to h be5 creat$ = ! purpose ( af=d+ ex]cise to ! rational creature4 ,& "o ( our own wise m5 says some:]e3 8,d n say1 ,:at is ?is8 or ,:]e=e is t8 = all ?+s h be5 made = _! uses4 ,& d n say1 ,:at is ?is8 or ,:]e=e is t8 = ev]y?+ %all be s\ght out 9 its season40#gge ,footnote #gga3 4 ,footnote #ggb3 4 ,footnote #ggc3 4 ,footnote #ggd3 ,cf4 ,ps4 civ4 #ad1 #ae4 ,footnote #gge3 ,cf4 ,ecclus4 xxxix4 #ba1 & #af1 #ag4 ,*apt] ,,lxxvi4 ,aft] ?is1 ,celsus1 desir\s ( ma9ta9+ t ,provid5ce creat$ ! products ( ! e>?1 n m on our acc\nt ?an on t ( ! mo/ savage animals1 ?us proce$s3 8,we inde$ by lab\r & suff]+ e>n a scanty & toilsome subsi/5ce1#ggf :ile all ?+s are produc$ = !m )\t _! s[+ & pl\gh+40 ,he does n obs]ve t ,god1 wi%+ to ex]cise ! human und]/&+ 9 all c\ntries 7t x might n rema9 idle & unacqua9t$ ) ! arts71 creat$ man a be+ full ( wants1#ggg 9 ord] t by virtue ( 8 v ne$y condition he might be compell$ to be ! inv5tor ( arts1 "s ( :i* m9i/] to 8 subsi/5ce1 & o!rs to 8 protection4 ,= x 0 bett] t ^? :o w\ld n h s\ght out div9e ?+s1 nor engag$ 9 ! /udy ( philosophy1 %\ld be plac$ 9 a condition ( want1 9 ord] t !y might employ _! und]/&+ 9 ! inv5tion ( ! arts1 ?an t !y %\ld altoge!r neglect ! cultivation ( _! m9ds1 because _! condition 0 "o ( abundance4 ,! want ( ! necess>ies ( human life l$ to ! inv5tion on ! "o h& ( ! art ( husb&ry1 on ! o!r to t ( ! cultivation ( ! v9e2 aga91 to ! art ( g>d5+1 & ! arts ( c>p5try & smi?work1 by means ( :i* 7 =m$ ! tools requir$ = ! arts :i* m9i/] to ! support ( life4 ,! want ( cov]+1 aga91 introduc$ ! art ( weav+1 :i* foll[$ t ( wool-c>d+ & sp9n+2 & aga91 t ( h\se-build+3 & ?us ! intellig5ce ( m5 asc5d$ ev5 to ! art ( ar*itecture4 ,! want ( necess>ies caus$ ! products also ( o!r places to be convey$1 by means ( ! arts ( sail+ & pilotage1#ggh to ^? :o 7 )\t !m2 s t ev5 on t acc\nt "o might admire ! ,provid5ce :i* made ! rational be+ subject to want 9 a f> high] degree ?an ! irrational animals1 & yet all ) a view to 8 advantage4 ,= ! irrational animals h _! food provid$ = !m1 because !re is n 9 !m ev5 an impulse#ggi t[>ds ! inv5tion ( ! arts4 ,!y h1 besides1 a natural cov]+2 = !y are provid$ ei!r ) hair1 or w+s1 or scales1 or %ells4 ,let ! above1 !n1 be our answ] to ! ass]tions ( ,celsus1 :5 he says t 8we inde$ by lab\r & suff]+ e>n a scanty & toilsome subsi/5ce1 :ile all ?+s are produc$ = !m )\t _! s[+ & pl\gh+40 ,footnote #ggf3 4 ,footnote #ggg3 4 ,footnote #ggh3 4 ,footnote #ggi3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxvii4 ,9 ! next place1 =gett+ t 8 object is to accuse bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 he quotes aga9/ himself an iambic v]se ( ,euripides1 :i* is oppos$ to 8 view1 & jo9+ issue ) ! words1 *>ges !m ) be+ an errone\s /atem5t4 ,8 words are z foll[3 8,b if y w quote ! say+ ( ,euripides1 t #8,! ,sun & ,night are to mortals slaves1'#ghj :y %\ld !y be s 9 a great] degree to u ?an to ants & flies8 ,= ! night is creat$ = !m 9 ord] t !y may re/1 & ! day t !y may see & resume _! "w40 ,n[ x is und\bt$1 t n only h c]ta9 ( ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians decl>$ t ! sun & ! heav5ly bodies#gha are our s]vants2 b he also has said ?is1 :o1 accord+ to "s1 is ! philosoph] ( ! /age1#ghb & :o 0 a he>] ( ! lectures on ! philosophy ( nature deliv]$ by ,anaxagoras4 ,b ?is man ass]ts t all ?+s 9 ! _w are subject to all rational be+s1--"o rational nature be+ tak5 to repres5t all1 on ! pr9ciple ( a "p /&+ = ! :ole2#ghc :i*1 aga91 cle>ly appe>s f ! v]se3 8,! ,sun & ,night are to mortals slaves40 ,p]haps ! tragic poet meant ! day :5 he said ! sun1 inasmu* z x is ! cause ( ! day1--tea*+ t ^? ?+s :i* mo/ ne$ ! day & night are ! ?+s :i* are "u ! moon1 & o!r ?+s 9 a less degree ?an ^? :i* are ^u ! e>?4 ,day & night1 !n1 are subject to mortals1 be+ creat$ = ! sake ( rational be+s4 ,& if ants & flies1 :i* lab\r by day & re/ by night1 h1 besides1 ! b5efit ( ^? ?+s :i* 7 creat$ = ! sake ( m51 we mu/ n say t day & night 7 br\ght into be+ = ! sake ( ants & flies1 nor mu/ we suppose t !y 7 creat$ = ! sake ( no?+1 b1 agreeably to ! design ( ,provid5ce1 7 =m$ = ! sake ( man4 ,footnote #ghj3 ,cf4 ,eurip4 ,phniss4 v4 #eab4 ,footnote #gha3 4 ,footnote #ghb3 4 ,euripides himself is ! p]son allud$ to4 ,he is call$ by ,a!nu & ,clem5s ,alex&r9us 7,/rom4 v471 4--,,de ,,la ,,rue4 ,footnote #ghc3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxviii4 ,he next proce$s fur!r to object aga9/ himself#ghd :at is said on behalf ( man1 viz4 t ! irrational animals 7 creat$ on 8 acc\nt1 say+3 8,if "o 7 to call u ! lords ( ! animal creation because we hunt ! o!r animals & live ^u _! fle%1 we w\ld say1 ,:y 7 n we r creat$ on _! acc\nt1 s9ce !y hunt & dev\r u8 ,nay1 we require nets & weapons1 & ! assi/ance ( _m p]sons1 along ) dogs1 :5 engag$ 9 ! *ase2 :ile !y are imm$iately & spontane\sly provid$ by nature ) weapons :i* easily br+ u "u _! p[]40 ,& "h we may obs]ve1 t ! gift ( und]/&+ has be5 be/[$ ^u u z a mighty aid1 f> sup]ior to any weapon :i* wild bea/s may seem to possess4 ,we1 inde$1 :o are f> weak] 9 bodily /r5g? ?an ! bea/s1 & %ort] 9 /ature ?an "s ( !m1 yet by means ( our und]/&+ obta9 ! ma/]y1 & capture ! huge elephants4 ,we subdue by our g5tle treatm5t ^? animals ^: nature x is to be tam$1 :ile ) ^? ^: nature is diff]5t1 or :i* d n appe> likely to be ( use to u :5 tam$1 we take su* precaution>y measures1 t :5 we desire x1 we keep su* wild bea/s %ut up2 & :5 we ne$ ! fle% ( _! bodies = food1 we slaught] !m1 z we d ^? bea/s :i* are n ( a savage nature4 ,! ,creator1 !n1 has con/itut$ all ?+s ! s]vants ( ! rational be+ & ( 8 natural und]/&+4 ,= "s purposes we require dogs1 say z gu>dians ( our %eep-folds1 or ( our cattle-y>ds1 or goat-pa/ures1 or ( our dwell+s2 & = o!r purposes we ne$ ox51 z = agriculture2 & = o!rs1 aga91 we make use ( ^? :i* be> ! yoke1 or bea/s ( burd54 ,& s x may be said t ! race ( lions1 & be>s1 & leop>ds1 & wild bo>s1 & su* l1 has be5 giv5 to u 9 ord] to call into ex]cise ! elem5ts ( ! manly "* t exi/s )9 u4 ,footnote #ghd3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxix4 ,9 ! next place1 9 answ] to ! human race1 :o p]ceive _! own sup]iority1 :i* f> exce$s t ( ! irrational animals1 he says3 8,) respect to y\r ass]tion1 t ,god gave y ! p[] to capture wild bea/s1 & to make y\r own use ( !m1 we w\ld say t1 9 all probability1 be=e cities 7 built1 & arts inv5t$1 & societies su* z n[ exi/ 7 =m$1 & weapons & nets employ$1 m5 7 g5]ally caught & dev\r$ by wild bea/s1 :ile wild bea/s 7 v seldom captur$ by m540 ,n[1 9 ref]5ce to ?is1 obs]ve t al?\gh m5 cat* wild bea/s1 & wild bea/s make prey ( m51 !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! case ( su* z by means ( _! und]/&+ obta9 ! ma/]y ov] ^? ^: sup]iority consi/s 9 _! savage & cruel nature1 & t ( ^? :o d n make use ( _! und]/&+ to secure _! safety f injury by wild bea/s4 ,b :5 ,celsus says1 8be=e cities 7 built1 & arts inv5t$1 & societies su* z n[ exi/ 7 =m$10 he appe>s to h =gott5 :at he _h be=e said1 t 8! _w 0 uncreat$ & incorruptible1 & t x 0 only ! ?+s on e>? :i* und]w5t deluges & conflagrations1 & t all ^! ?+s did n happ5 at ! same "t40 ,n[ let x be grant$ t ^! admissions on 8 "p are entirely 9 h>mony ) our views1 ?\gh n at all ) him & 8 /atem5ts made above2 yet :at does x all avail to prove t 9 ! beg9n+ m5 7 mo/ly captur$ & dev\r$ by wild bea/s1 :ile wild bea/s 7 nev] caught by m58 ,=1 s9ce ! _w 0 creat$ 9 con=mity ) ! w ( ,provid5ce1 & ,god presid$ ov] ! univ]se ( ?+s1 x 0 necess>y t ! elem5ts#ghe ( ! human race %\ld at ! comm5cem5t ( its exi/5ce be plac$ "u "s protection ( ! high] p[]s1 s t !re might be =m$ f ! beg9n+ a union ( ! div9e nature ) t ( m54 ,& ! poet ( ,ascra1 p]ceiv+ ?is1 s+s3 8,= common !n 7 banquets1 & common 7 seats1 ,alike to immortal gods & mortal m540#ghf ,footnote #ghe3 4 ,footnote #ghf3 ,cf4 ,hesiod1 ,fragm5ta ,inc]ta1 ed4 ,goettl+1 p4 #bca4 ,*apt] ,,lxxx4 ,^? ,holy ,scriptures1 moreov]1 :i* be> ! "n ( ,moses1 introduce ! fir/ m5 z he>+ div9e voices & oracles1 & behold+ sometimes ! angels ( ,god com+ to visit !m4 ,= x 0 probable t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! _w's exi/5ce human nature w\ld be assi/$ to a great] degree ?an aft]w>ds1 until progress _h be5 made t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( und]/&+ & ! o!r virtues1 & ! inv5tion ( ! arts1 & !y %\ld ?us be able to ma9ta9 life ( !mselves1 & no long] /& 9 ne$ ( sup]9t5d5ts1 & ( ^? to guide !m :o d s ) a miracul\s manife/ation ( ! means :i* subs]ve ! w ( ,god4 ,n[ x foll[s f ?is1 t x is false t 89 ! beg9n+ m5 7 captur$ & dev\r$ by wild bea/s1 :ile wild bea/s 7 v seldom caught by m540 ,& f ?is1 too1 x is evid5t t ! foll[+ /atem5t ( ,celsus is untrue1 t 89 ?is way ,god r subject$ m5 to wild bea/s40 ,= ,god did n subject m5 to wild bea/s1 b gave wild bea/s to be a prey to ! und]/&+ ( man1 & to ! arts1 :i* are direct$ aga9/ !m1 & :i* are ! product ( ! und]/&+4 ,= x 0 n )\t ! help ( ,god#ghg t m5 desir$ = !mselves ! means ( protection aga9/ wild bea/s1 & ( secur+ ! ma/]y ov] !m4 ,footnote #ghg3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxi4 ,our noble oppon5t1 h[ev]1 n obs]v+ h[ _m philosoph]s !re are :o admit ! exi/5ce ( ,provid5ce1 & :o hold t ,provid5ce creat$ all ?+s = ! sake ( rational be+s1 ov]turns z f> z he c ^? doctr9es :i* are ( use 9 %[+ ! h>mony t prevails 9 ^! matt]s betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & philosophy2 nor does he see h[ great is ! injury done to religion f accept+ ! /atem5t t be=e ,god !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 a man & an ant or a bee1 b proce$s to add1 t 8if m5 appe> to be sup]ior to irrational animals on ?is acc\nt1 t !y h built cities1 & make use ( a political con/itution1 & =ms ( gov]nm5t1 & sov]eignties1#ghh ?is is to say no?+ to ! purpose1 = ants & bees d ! same4 ,bees1 inde$1 h a sov]eign1 :o has foll[]s & att5dants2 & !re occur among !m w>s & victories1 & slaught]+s ( ! vanqui%$1#ghi & cities & suburbs1 & a succession ( lab\rs1 & judgm5ts pass$ ^u ! idle & ! wick$2 = ! drones are driv5 away & puni%$40 ,n[ "h he did n obs]ve ! diff]5ce t exi/s betwe5 :at is done aft] reason & consid]ation1 & :at is ! result ( an irrational nature1 & is purely me*anical4 ,= ! orig9 ( ^! ?+s is n expla9$ by ! exi/5ce ( any rational pr9ciple 9 ^? :o make !m1 because !y d n possess any su* pr9ciple2 b ! mo/ anci5t ,be+1 :o is also ! ,son ( ,god1 & ! ,k+ ( all ?+s t exi/1 has creat$ an irrational nature1 :i*1 z be+ irrational1 acts z a help to ^? :o are deem$ wor?y ( reason4 ,cities1 accord+ly1 7 e/abli%$ among m51 ) _m arts & well-arrang$ laws2 :ile con/itutions1 & gov]nm5ts1 & sov]eignties among m5 are ei!r su* z are prop]ly s t]m$1 & :i* exemplify c]ta9 virtu\s t5d5cies & work+s1 or !y are ^? :i* are improp]ly s call$1 & :i* 7 devis$1 s f> z c\ld be done1 9 imitation ( ! =m]3 = x 0 by contemplat+ ^! t ! mo/ successful legislators e/abli%$ ! be/ con/itutions1 & gov]nm5ts1 & sov]eignties4 ,none ( ^! ?+s1 h[ev]1 c be f\nd among irrational animals1 al?\gh ,celsus may transf] rational names1 & arrangem5ts :i* belong to rational be+s1 z cities & con/itutions1 & rul]s & sov]eignties1 ev5 to ants & bees2 9 respect to :i* matt]s1 h[ev]1 ants & bees m]it no approval1 because !y d n act f reflection4 ,b we ought to admire ! div9e nature1 :i* ext5d$ ev5 to irrational animals ! capacity1 z x 71 ( imitat+ rational be+s1 p]haps ) a view ( putt+ rational be+s to %ame2 s t by look+ ^u ants1 = in/ance1 !y might become m indu/ri\s & m ?rifty 9 ! managem5t ( _! goods2 :ile1 by consid]+ ! bees1 !y might place !mselves 9 subjection to _! ,rul]1 & take _! respective p>ts 9 ^? con/itutional duties :i* are ( use 9 ensur+ ! safety ( cities4 ,footnote #ghh3 4 ,footnote #ghi3 4 8,nota hoc loco sumi pro int]necionibus1 cdibus4 ,haud scio an alibi rep]iatur p>i significatu4 ,=te etiam scrib5dum 40--,,ru,,u4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxii4 ,p]haps also ! s-call$ w>s among ! bees convey in/ruction z to ! mann] 9 :i* w>s1 if ev] !re arise a necessity = !m1 %\ld be wag$ 9 a j & ord]ly way among m54 ,b ! bees h no cities or suburbs2 :ile _! hives & hexagonal cells1 & succession ( lab\rs1 are = ! sake ( m51 :o require honey = _m purposes1 bo? = cure ( disord]$ bodies1 & z a pure article ( food4 ,nor ought we to comp>e ! proce$+s tak5 by ! bees aga9/ ! drones ) ! judgm5ts & puni%m5ts inflict$ on ! idle & wick$ 9 cities4 ,b1 z ,i =m]ly said1 we ought on ! "o h& 9 ^! ?+s to admire ! div9e nature1 & on ! o!r to express our admiration ( man1 :o is capable ( consid]+ & admir+ all ?+s 7z co-op]at+ ) ,provid5ce71 & :o executes n m]ely ! works :i* are det]m9$ by ! provid5ce ( ,god1 b also ^? :i* are ! consequ5ces ( 8 own =esight4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxiii4 ,aft] ,celsus has f9i%$ speak+ ( ! bees1 9 ord] to depreciate 7z f> z he c7 ! cities1 & con/itutions1 & gov]nm5ts1 & sov]eignties n only ( u ,*ri/ians1 b ( all mank9d1 z well z ! w>s :i* m5 und]take on behalf ( _! native c\ntries1 he proce$s1 by way ( digression1 to pass a eulogy ^u ! ants1 9 ord] t1 :ile prais+ !m1 he may comp>e ! measures :i* m5 take to secure _! subsi/5ce ) ^? adopt$ by ^! insects1#gij & s ev9ce 8 contempt = ! =e?\ght :i* makes provision = w9t]1 z be+ no?+ high] ?an ! irrational provid5ce ( ! ants1 z he reg>ds x4 ,n[ might n "s ( ! m simple-m9d$1 & su* z "k n h[ to look into ! nature ( all ?+s1 be turn$ away 7s f>1 at lea/1 z ,celsus c\ld accompli% x7 f help+ ^? :o are weigh$ d[n ) ! burd5s ( life1 & f %>+ _! toils1 :5 he says ( ! ants1 t 8!y help "o ano!r ) _! loads1 :5 !y see "o ( _! numb] toil+ "u !m80 ,= he :o ne$s to be discipl9$ by ! ^w1 b :o does n at all und]/&#gia its voice1 w say3 8,s9ce1 !n1 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 u & ! ants1 ev5 :5 we help ^? :o are we>y ) be>+ _! heavy burd5s1 :y %\ld we cont9ue to d s to no purpose80 ,& w\ld n ! ants1 z be+ irrational creatures1 be greatly puff$ up1 & ?9k highly ( !mselves1 because _! works 7 comp>$ to ^? ( m58 :ile m51 on ! o!r h&1 :o by means ( _! reason are enabl$ to he> h[ _! philan?ropy#gib t[>ds o!rs is contemn$1 w\ld be injur$1 s f> z c\ld be effect$ by ,celsus & 8 argum5ts3 = he does n p]ceive t1 :ile he wi%es to turn away f ,*ri/ianity ^? :o read 8 treatise1 he turns away also ! sympa?y ( ^? :o are n ,*ri/ians f ^? :o be> ! heavie/ burd5s ( life4 ,:]eas1 _h he be5 a philosoph]1 :o 0 capable ( p]ceiv+ ! good :i* m5 may d ea* o!r1 he ought1 9 addition to n remov+ along ) ,*ri/ianity ! bless+s :i* are f\nd among/ m51 to h l5t 8 aid to co-op]ate 7if he _h x 9 8 p[]7 ) ^? pr9ciples ( excell5ce :i* are common to ,*ri/ianity & ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,moreov]1 ev5 if ! ants set ap>t 9 a place by !mselves ^? gra9s :i* spr\t =?1 t !y may n swell into bud1 b may cont9ue ?r\gh\t ! ye> z _! food1 ?is is n to be deem$ z evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( reason among ants1 b z ! "w ( ! univ]sal "m1 ,nature1 :i* adorn$ ev5 irrational animals1 s t ev5 ! mo/ insignificant is n omitt$1 b be>s traces ( ! reason implant$ 9 x by nature4 ,unless1 inde$1 by ^! ass]tions ,celsus means obscurely to intimate 7= 9 _m in/ances he w\ld l to adopt ,platonic ideas7 t all s\ls are ( ! same species1 & t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 t ( a man & ^? ( ants & bees1 :i* is ! act ( "o :o w\ld br+ d[n ! s\l f ! vault ( heav51 & cause x to ent] n only a human body1 b t ( an animal4 ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 w n yield _! ass5t to su* op9ions3 = !y h be5 in/ruct$ be=e n[ t ! human s\l 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god2 & !y see t x is impossible = a nature fa%ion$ 9 ! div9e image to h its orig9al features altoge!r oblit]at$1 & to assume o!rs1 =m$ aft] ,i "k n :at lik5ess ( irrational animals4 ,footnote #gij3 4 8,v]ba3 addititia vid5tur et recid5da40--,,ru,,u4 ,footnote #gia3 4 ,footnote #gib3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxiv4 ,& s9ce he ass]ts t1 8:5 ants die1 ! survivors set ap>t a special place = _! int]m5t1 & t _! ance/ral sepul*res su* a place is10 we h to answ]1 t ! great] ! laudations :i* he heaps ^u irrational animals1 s mu* ! m does he magnify 7al?\gh aga9/ 8 w7 ! "w ( t reason :i* arrang$ all ?+s 9 ord]1 & po9ts out ! skill#gic :i* exi/s among m51 & :i* is capable ( adorn+ by its reason ev5 ! gifts :i* are be/[$ by nature on ! irrational creation4 ,b :y d ,i say 8irrational10 s9ce ,celsus is ( op9ion t ^! animals1 :i*1 agreeably to ! common ideas ( all m51 are t]m$ irrational1 are n really s8 ,nor does he reg>d ! ants z devoid ( reason1 :o pr(ess$ to speak ( 8univ]sal nature10 & :o boa/$ ( 8 tru?fulness 9 ! inscription ( 8 book4 ,=1 speak+ ( ! ants conv]s+ ) "o ano!r1 he uses ! foll[+ language3 8,& :5 !y meet "o ano!r !y ent] into conv]sation1 = :i* reason !y nev] mi/ake _! way2 consequ5tly !y possess a full end[m5t ( reason1 & "s common ideas on c]ta9 g5]al subjects1 & a voice by :i* !y express !mselves reg>d+ accid5tal ?+s40#gid ,n[ conv]sation betwe5 "o man & ano!r is c>ri$ on by means ( a voice1 :i* gives expression to ! mean+ int5d$1 & :i* also gives utt]ances conc]n+ :at are call$ 8accid5tal ?+s20 b to say t ?is 0 ! case ) ants w\ld be a mo/ ridicul\s ass]tion4 ,footnote #gic3 4 ,footnote #gid3 ' 1 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxv4 ,he is n a%am$1 moreov]1 to say1 9 addition to ^! /atem5ts 7t ! unseemly "*#gie ( 8 op9ions may be manife/ to ^? :o w live aft] him73 8,come n[1 if "o 7 to look d[n f heav5 ^u e>?1 9 :at respect w\ld our actions appe> to diff] f ^? ( ants & bees80 ,n[ does he :o1 accord+ to 8 own supposition1 looks f heav5 ^u ! proce$+s ( m5 & ants1 look ^u _! bodies alone1 & n r h reg>d to ! controll+ reason :i* is call$ into action by reflection2#gif :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! guid+ pr9ciple ( ! latt] is irrational1 & set 9 motion irrationally by impulse & fancy1 9 conjunction ) a c]ta9 natural app>atus8#gig ,b x is absurd to suppose t he :o looks f heav5 ^u e>?ly ?+s w\ld desire to look f su* a di/ance ^u ! bodies ( m5 & ants1 & w\ld n r consid] ! nature ( ! guid+ pr9ciples1 & ! s\rce ( impulses1 :e!r t be rational or irrational4 ,& if he once look ^u ! s\rce ( all impulses1 x is manife/ t he w\ld behold also ! diff]5ce :i* exi/s1 & ! sup]iority ( man1 n only ov] ants1 b ev5 ov] elephants4 ,= he :o looks f heav5 w see among irrational creatures1 h[ev] l>ge _! bodies1 no o!r pr9ciple#gih ?an1 s to speak1 irrationality2#gii :ile among/ rational be+s he w discov] reason1 ! common possession ( m51 & ( div9e & heav5ly be+s1 & p]haps ( ! supreme ,god ,himself1 on acc\nt ( :i* man is said to h be5 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 = ! image ( ! ,supreme ,god is 8 reason4#hjj ,footnote #gie3 4 ,footnote #gif3 2 ,footnote #gig3 4 ,footnote #gih3 4 ,footnote #gii3 4 ,footnote #hjj3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxvi4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is1 z if do+ 8 utmo/ to r$uce ! human race to a /ill l[] position1 & to br+ !m to ! level ( ! irrational animals1 & desir+ to omit n a s+le circum/ance relat$ ( ! latt] :i* manife/s _! greatness1 he decl>es t 89 c]ta9 individuals among ! irrational creation !re exi/s ! p[] ( sorc]y20 s t ev5 9 ?is p>ticul> m5 _c specially pride !mselves1 nor wi% to arrogate a sup]iority ov] irrational creatures4 ,& ! foll[+ are 8 words3 8,if1 h[ev]1 m5 ent]ta9 l(ty notions because ( _! possess+ ! p[] ( sorc]y1 yet ev5 9 t respect are s]p5ts & eagles _! sup]iors 9 wisdom2 = !y are acqua9t$ ) _m prophylactics aga9/ p]sons & diseases1 & also ) ! virtues ( c]ta9 /ones :i* help to pres]ve _! "y4 ,if m51 h[ev]1 fall 9 ) ^!1 !y ?9k t !y h ga9$ a wond]ful possession40 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i "k n :y he %\ld designate z sorc]y ! k ( natural prophylactics display$ by animals1--:e!r t k be ! result ( exp]i5ce1 or ( "s natural p[] ( appreh5sion2#hja = ! t]m 8sorc]y0 has by usage be5 assign$ to some?+ else4 ,p]haps1 inde$1 he wi%es quietly1 z an ,epicurean1 to c5sure ! entire use ( su* arts1 z re/+ only on ! pr(essions ( sorc]]s4 ,h[ev]1 let x be grant$ him t m5 d pride !mselves greatly ^u ! k ( su* arts1 :e!r !y are sorc]]s or n3 h[ c s]p5ts be 9 ?is respect wis] ?an m51 :5 !y make use ( ! well-kn[n f5nel#hjb to %>p5 _! p[] ( vision & to produce rapidity ( movem5t1 hav+ obta9$ ?is natural p[] n f ! ex]cise ( reflection1 b f ! con/itution ( _! body1#hjc :ile m5 d n1 l s]p5ts1 arrive at su* k m]ely by nature1 b p>tly by exp]im5t1 p>tly by reason1 & sometimes by reflection & k8 ,s1 if eagles1 too1 9 ord] to pres]ve _! "y 9 ! ne/1 c>ry ?i!r ! eagle-/one :5 !y h discov]$ x1 h[ does x appe> t !y are wise1 & m intellig5t ?an m51 :o f9d out by ! ex]cise ( _! reflective p[]s & ( _! und]/&+ :at has be5 be/[$ by nature ^u eagles z a gift8 ,footnote #hja3 4 ,footnote #hjb3 4 ,footnote #hjc3 ' 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxvii4 ,let x be grant$1 h[ev]1 t !re are o!r prophylactics aga9/ poisons kn[n to animals3 :at does t avail to prove t x is n nature1 b reason1 :i* leads to ! discov]y ( su* ?+s among !m8 ,= if reason 7 ! discov]]1 ?is "o ?+ 7or1 if y w1 "o or two m ?+s7 w\ld n be 7exclusive#hjd ( all o!rs7 ! sole discov]y made by s]p5ts1 & "s o!r ?+ ! sole discov]y ( ! eagle1 & s on ) ! re/ ( ! animals2 b z _m discov]ies w\ld h be5 made among/ !m z among m54 ,b n[ x is manife/ f ! det]m9ate incl9ation ( ! nature ( ea* animal t[>ds c]ta9 k9ds ( help1 t !y possess nei!r wisdom nor reason1 b a natural con/itutional t5d5cy implant$ by ! ,logos#hje t[>ds su* ?+s 9 ord] to ensure ! pres]vation ( ! animal4 ,&1 inde$1 if ,i wi%$ to jo9 issue ) ,celsus 9 ^! matt]s1 ,i might quote ! words ( ,solomon f ! book ( ,prov]bs1 :i* run ?us3 8,!re be f\r ?+s :i* are little ^u ! e>?1 b ^! are wis] ?an ! wise3 ,! ants are a p n /rong1 yet !y prep>e _! meat 9 ! summ]2 ! conies#hjf are b a feeble folk1 yet make !y _! h\ses 9 ! rocks2 ! locu/s h no k+1 yet g !y =? 9 ord] at "o comm&2 & ! spott$ liz>d1#hjg ?\gh lean+ ^u its h&s1 & be+ easily captur$1 dwelle? 9 k+s' =tresses40#hjh ,i d n quote ^! words1 h[ev]1 z tak+ !m 9 _! lit]al signification1 b1 agreeably to ! title ( ! book 7= x is inscrib$ 8,prov]bs071 ,i inve/igate !m z conta9+ a secret mean+4 ,= x is ! cu/om ( ^! writ]s ( ,scripture to di/ribute into _m classes ^? writ+s :i* express "o s5se :5 tak5 lit]ally1#hji b :i* convey a diff]5t signification z _! hidd5 mean+2 & "o ( ^! k9ds ( writ+ is 8,prov]bs40 ,& = ?is reason1 9 our ,gospels too1 is our ,savi\r describ$ z say+3 8,^! ?+s h ,i spok5 to y 9 prov]bs1 b ! "t come? :5 ,i %all no m speak unto y 9 prov]bs40#haj ,x is n1 !n1 ! visible ants :i* are 8wis] ev5 ?an ! wise10 b !y :o are indicat$ z su* "u ! 8prov]bial0 /yle ( expression4 ,& su* mu/ be our conclusion reg>d+ ! re/ ( ! animal creation1 al?\gh ,celsus reg>ds ! books ( ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians z exce$+ly simple & commonplace1#haa & imag9es t ^? :o give !m an allegorical int]pretation d viol5ce to ! mean+ ( ! writ]s4 ,by :at we h said1 !n1 let x appe> t ,celsus calumniates u 9 va91 & let 8 ass]tions t s]p5ts & eagles are wis] ?an m5 also receive _! refutation4 ,footnote #hjd3 4 ,footnote #hje3 4 ,footnote #hjf3 4 ,heb4 4 ,footnote #hjg3 4 ,footnote #hjh3 ,cf4 ,prov4 xxx4 #bd-bh4 ,footnote #hji3 4 ,footnote #haj3 ,john xvi4 #be4 ,footnote #haa3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxviii4 ,& wi%+ to %[ at great] l5g? t ev5 ! ?\ghts ( ,god ent]ta9$ by ! human race are n sup]ior to ^? ( all o!r mortal creatures1 b t c]ta9 ( ! irrational animals are capable ( ?9k+ ab\t ,him reg>d+ :om op9ions s discordant h exi/$ among ! mo/ acute ( mank9d--,greeks & ,b>b>ians--he cont9ues3 8,if1 because man has be5 able to grasp ! idea ( ,god1 he is deem$ sup]ior to ! o!r animals1 let ^? :o hold ?is op9ion "k t ?is capacity w be claim$ by _m ( ! o!r animals2 & ) good reason3 = :at w\ld any "o ma9ta9 to be m div9e ?an ! p[] ( =ekn[+ & pr$ict+ future ev5ts8 ,m5 accord+ly acquire ! art f ! o!r animals1 & especially f birds4 ,& ^? :o li/5 to ! indications furni%$ by !m1 become possess$ ( ! gift ( prophecy4 ,if1 !n1 birds1 & ! o!r prophetic animals1 :i* are enabl$ by ! gift ( ,god to =ekn[ ev5ts1 in/ruct u by means ( signs1 s mu* ! ne>] d !y seem to be to ! society ( ,god1 & to be end[$ ) great] wisdom1 & to be m belov$ by ,him4 ,! m intellig5t ( m51 moreov]1 say t ! animals hold meet+s :i* are m sacr$ ?an our assemblies1 & t !y "k :at is said at ^! meet+s1 & %[ t 9 reality !y possess ?is k1 :51 hav+ previ\sly /at$ t ! birds h decl>$ _! int5tion ( dep>t+ to "s p>ticul> place1 & ( do+ ?is ?+ or ! o!r1 ! tru? ( _! ass]tions is e/abli%$ by ! dep>ture ( ! birds to ! place 9 "q1 & by _! do+ :at 0 =etold4 ,& no race ( animals appe>s to be m obs]vant ( oa?s ?an ! elephants are1 or to %[ great] devotion to div9e ?+s2 & ?is1 ,i presume1 solely because !y h "s k ( ,god40 ,see "h n[ h[ he at once lays hold (1 & br+s =w>d z ackn[l$g$ facts1 que/ions :i* are ! subject ( dispute among ^? philosoph]s1 n only among ! ,greeks1 b also among ! ,b>b>ians1 :o h ei!r discov]$ or le>n$ f c]ta9 demons "s ?+s ab\t birds ( augury & o!r animals1 by :i* c]ta9 prophetic intimations are said to be made to m54 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 x has be5 disput$ :e!r !re is an art ( augury1 &1 9 g5]al1 a me?od ( div9ation by animals1 or n4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 !y :o admit t !re is an art ( div9ation by birds1 are n agre$ ab\t ! mann] ( ! div9ation2 s9ce "s ma9ta9 t x is f c]ta9 demons or gods ( div9ation#hab t ! animals receive _! impulses to action--! birds to flights & s\nds ( diff]5t k9ds1 & ! o!r animals to movem5ts ( "o sort or ano!r4 ,o!rs1 aga91 believe t _! s\ls are m div9e 9 _! nature1 & fitt$ to op]ations ( t k9d1 :i* is a mo/ incr$ible supposition4 ,footnote #hab3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxix4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 see+ he wi%$ to prove by ! =ego+ /atem5ts t ! irrational animals are m div9e & intellig5t ?an human be+s1 ought to h e/abli%$ at great] l5g? ! actual exi/5ce ( su* an art ( div9ation1 & 9 ! next place h en]getically und]tak5 its def5ce1 & effectually refut$ ! argum5ts ( ^? :o w\ld annihilate su* arts ( div9ation1 & h ov]turn$ 9 a conv9c+ mann] also ! argum5ts ( ^? :o say t x is f demons or f gods t animals receive ! movem5ts :i* lead !m to div9ation1 & to h prov$ 9 ! next place t ! s\l ( irrational animals is m div9e ?an t ( man4 ,=1 _h he done s1 & manife/$ a philosophical _s 9 deal+ ) su* ?+s1 we %\ld to ! be/ ( our p[] h met 8 confid5t ass]tions1 refut+ 9 ! fir/ place ! allegation t irrational animals are wis] ?an m51 & %[+ ! falsity ( ! /atem5t t !y h ideas ( ,god m sacr$ ?an ours1 & t !y hold among !mselves c]ta9 sacr$ assemblies4 ,b n[1 on ! contr>y1 he :o accuses u because we believe 9 ! ,supreme ,god1 requires u to believe t ! s\ls ( birds ent]ta9 ideas ( ,god m div9e & di/9ct ?an ^? ( m54 ,yet if ?is is true1 ! birds h cle>] ideas ( ,god ?an ,celsus himself2 & x is n matt] ( surprise t x %\ld be s ) him1 :o s greatly depreciates human be+s4 ,nay1 s f> z ,celsus c make x appe>1 ! birds possess gr&] & m div9e ideas ?an1 ,i d n say we ,*ri/ians d1 or ?an ! ,jews1 :o use ! same ,scriptures ) ourselves1 b ev5 ?an are possess$ by ! !ologians among ! ,greeks1 = !y 7 only human be+s4 ,accord+ to ,celsus1 inde$1 ! tribe ( birds t practise div9ation1 =soo?1 und]/& ! nature ( ! ,div9e ,be+ bett] ?an ,ph]ecydes1 & ,py?agoras1 & ,socrates1 & ,plato6 ,we ought !n to g to ! birds z our tea*]s1 9 ord] t z1 accord+ to ! view ( ,celsus1 !y in/ruct u by _! p[] ( div9ation 9 ! k ( future ev5ts1 s also !y may free m5 f d\bts reg>d+ ! ,div9e ,be+1 by imp>t+ to !m ! cle> ideas :i* !y h obta9$ respect+ ,him6 ,x foll[s1 accord+ly1 t ,celsus1 :o reg>ds birds z sup]ior to m51 ought to employ !m z 8 in/ructors1 & n "o ( ! ,greek philosoph]s6 ,*apt] ,,xc4 ,b we h a few rem>ks to make1 out ( a l>g] numb]1 9 answ] to ^! /atem5ts ( ,celsus1 t we may %[ ! +ratitude t[>ds 8 ,mak] :i* is involv$ 9 8 hold+ ^! false op9ions4#hac ,= ,celsus1 al?\gh a man1 & 8be+ 9 hon\r10#had does n possess und]/&+1 & !re=e he did n comp>e himself ) ! birds & ! o!r irrational animals1 :i* he reg>ds z capable ( div9+2 b yield+ to !m ! =emo/ place1 he l[]$ himself1 & z f> z he c\ld ! :ole human race ) him 7z ent]ta9+ l[] & inf]ior views ( ,god ?an ! irrational animals71 b5ea? ! ,egyptians1 :o wor%ip irrational animals z div9ities4 ,let ! pr9cipal po9t ( inve/igation1 h[ev]1 be ?is3 :e!r !re actually is or n an art ( div9ation1 by means ( birds & o!r liv+ ?+s believ$ to h su* p[]4 ,= ! argum5ts :i* t5d to e/abli% ei!r view are n to be despis$4 ,on ! "o h&1 x is press$ ^u u n to admit su* an art1 le/ ! rational be+ %\ld ab&on ! div9e oracles1 & betake himself to birds2 & on ! o!r1 !re is ! en]getic te/imony ( _m1 t num]\s individuals h be5 sav$ f ! greate/ dang]s by putt+ _! tru/ 9 div9ation by birds4 ,= ! pres5t1 h[ev]1 let x be grant$ t an art ( div9ation does exi/1 9 ord] t ,i may 9 ?is way %[ to ^? :o are prejudic$ on ! subject1 t if ?is be admitt$1 ! sup]iority ( man ov] irrational animals1 ev5 ov] ^? t are end[$ ) p[] ( div9ation1 is great1 & beyond all rea* ( comp>ison ) ! latt]4 ,we h !n to say1 t if !re 0 9 !m any div9e nature capable ( =etell+ future ev5ts1 & s ri* 9 t k z out ( its sup]abundance to make !m kn[n to any man :o wi%$ to "k !m1 x is manife/ t !y w\ld "k :at conc]n$ !mselves f> soon] ?an :at conc]n$ o!rs2 & _h !y possess$ ?is k1 !y w\ld h be5 ^u _! gu>d aga9/ fly+ to any p>ticul> place :]e m5 _h plant$ sn>es & nets to cat* !m1 or :]e ar*]s took aim & %ot at !m 9 _! flight4 ,& especially1 7 eagles aw>e be=eh& ( ! designs =m$ aga9/ _! "y1 ei!r by s]p5ts crawl+ up to _! ne/s & de/roy+ !m1 or by m5 :o take !m = _! amusem5t1 or = any o!r useful purpose or s]vice1 !y w\ld n h plac$ _! "y 9 a spot :]e !y 7 to be attack$2 &1 9 g5]al1 n "o ( ^! animals w\ld h be5 captur$ by m51 because !y 7 m div9e & intellig5t ?an !y4 ,footnote #hac3 4 ,footnote #had3 ,ps4 xlix4 #ab4 ,*apt] ,,xci4 ,b besides1 if birds ( augury conv]se ) "o ano!r1#hae z ,celsus ma9ta9s !y d1 ! prophetic birds hav+ a div9e nature1 & ! o!r rational animals also ideas ( ! div9ity & =ekn[l$ge ( future ev5ts2 & if !y _h communicat$ ?is k to o!rs1 ! sp>r[ m5tion$ 9 ,hom] w\ld n h built h] ne/ 9 ! spot :]e a s]p5t 0 to dev\r h] & h] "y ones1 nor w\ld ! s]p5t 9 ! writ+s ( ! same poet h fail$ to take precautions aga9/ be+ captur$ by ! eagle4 ,= ?is wond]ful poet says1 9 8 poem reg>d+ ! =m]3 8,a mighty dragon %ot1 ( dire port5t2 ,f ,jove himself ! dreadful sign 0 s5t4 ,/raight to ! ?ree 8 sangu9e spires he roll$1 ,& curl$ ar\nd 9 _m a w9d+ fold4 ,! topmo/ bran* a "m bird possess$2 ,eight call[ infants fill$ ! mossy ne/2 ,h]self ! n9?3 ! s]p5t1 z he hung1 ,/ret*$ 8 black jaws1 & cru%$ ! dy+ "y2 ,:ile hov]+ ne>1 ) mis]able moan1 ,! droop+ "m wail$ h] *ildr5 gone4 ,! "m la/1 z r\nd ! ne/ %e flew1 ,seiz$ by ! beat+ w+1 ! mon/] slew3 ,nor long surviv$3 to m>ble turn$1 he /&s ,a la/+ prodigy on ,aulis s&s4 ,su* 0 ! w ( ,jove2 & h5ce we d>e ,tru/ 9 8 om51 & support ! w>40#haf ,& reg>d+ ! second--! bird--! poet says3 8,jove's bird on r\nd+ p9ions beat ! skies1 ,a ble$+ s]p5t ( enorm\s size1 ,8 talons tw9$2 alive1 & curl+ r\nd1 ,he /ung ! bird1 ^: ?roat receiv$ ! w\nd4 ,mad ) ! sm>t1 he drops ! fatal prey1 ,9 airy circles w+s 8 pa9ful way1 ,floats on ! w9ds1 & r5ds ! heav5 ) cries2 ,amid/ ! ho/1 ! fall5 s]p5t lies4 ,!y1 pale ) t]ror1 m>k its spires unroll$1 ,& ,jove's port5t ) beat+ he>ts behold40#hag ,did ! eagle1 !n1 possess ! p[] ( div9ation1 & ! s]p5t 7s9ce ?is animal also is made use ( by ! augurs7 n8 ,b z ?is di/9ction c be easily refut$1 _c ! ass]tion t bo? 7 capable ( div9ation be refut$ also8 ,= if ! s]p5t _h possess$ ?is k1 w\ld n he h be5 on 8 gu>d aga9/ suff]+ :at he did f ! eagle8 ,& innum]able o!r in/ances ( a simil> "* may be f\nd1 to %[ t animals d n possess a prophetic s\l1 b t1 accord+ to ! poet & ! majority ( mank9d1 x is ! 8,olympian himself :o s5t him to ! light40 ,& x is ) a symbolical mean+#hah t ,apollo employs ! hawk#hai z 8 mess5g]1 = ! hawk#hbj is call$ ! 8swift mess5g] ( ,apollo40#hba ,footnote #hae3 4 ,= ,ruu conjectures 1 :i* is adopt$ by ,lommatzs*4 ,footnote #haf3 ,hom]1 ,ilias1 ii4 #cjh sq4 7,pope's translation47 ,footnote #hag3 ,hom]1 ,ilias1 xii4 #bij sq4 7,pope's translation47 ,footnote #hah3 4 ,footnote #hai3 4 ,footnote #hbj3 1 8! h5-h>ri]10 8,falco10 or 8,circus pyg>gus40 ,cf4 ,liddell & ,scott1 s4v4 ,footnote #hba3 ,cf4 ,hom]1 ,odyss4 xv4 v4 #ebf4 ,*apt] ,,xcii4 ,9 my op9ion1 h[ev]1 x is c]ta9 wick$ demons1 &1 s to speak1 ( ! race ( ,titans or ,giants1 :o h be5 guilty ( impiety t[>ds ! true ,god1 & t[>ds ! angels 9 heav51 & :o h fall5 f x1 & :o haunt ! d5s] p>ts ( bodies1 & frequ5t unclean places ^u e>?1 & :o1 possess+ "s p[] ( di/+ui%+ future ev5ts1 because !y are )\t bodies ( e>?ly mat]ial1 engage 9 an employm5t ( ?is k9d1 & desir+ to lead ! human race away f ! true ,god1 secretly ent] ! bodies ( ! m rapaci\s & savage & wick$ ( animals1 & /ir !m up to d :atev] !y *oose1 & at :atev] "t !y *oose3 ei!r turn+ ! fancies ( ^! animals to make flights & movem5ts ( v>i\s k9ds1 9 ord] t m5 may be caught by ! div9+ p[] t is 9 ! irrational animals1 & neglect to seek aft] ! ,god :o conta9s all ?+s2 or to se>* aft] ! pure wor%ip ( ,god1 b all[ _! reason+ p[]s to grovel on ! e>?1 & among/ birds & s]p5ts1 & ev5 foxes & wolves4 ,= x has be5 obs]v$ by ^? :o are skill$ 9 su* matt]s1 t ! cle>e/ progno/ications are obta9$ f animals ( ?is k9d2 because ! demons _c act s effectively 9 ! mild] sort ( animals z !y c 9 ^!1 9 consequ5ce ( ! simil>ity betwe5 !m 9 po9t ( wick$ness2 & yet x is n wick$ness1 b some?+ l wick$ness1#hbb :i* exi/s 9 ^! animals4 ,footnote #hbb3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xciii4 ,= :i* reason1 :atev] else !re may be 9 ! writ+s ( ,moses :i* excites my wond]1 ,i w\ld say t ! foll[+ is wor?y ( admiration1 viz4 t ,moses1 hav+ obs]v$ ! v>y+ natures ( animals1 & hav+ ei!r le>n$ f ,god :at 0 peculi> to !m1 & to ! demons :i* are k9dr$ to ea* ( ! animals1 or hav+ himself asc]ta9$ ^! ?+s by 8 own wisdom1 has1 9 arrang+ ! diff]5t k9ds ( animals1 pron\nc$ all ^? :i* are suppos$ by ! ,egyptians & ! re/ ( mank9d to possess ! p[] ( div9ation to be unclean1 &1 z a g5]al rule1 all t are n ( t class to be clean4 ,& among/ ! unclean animals m5tion$ by ,moses are ! wolf1 & fox1 & s]p5t1 & eagle1 & hawk1 & su* l4 ,&1 g5]ally speak+1 y w f9d t n only 9 ! law1 b also 9 ! prophets1 ^! animals are employ$ z examples ( all t is mo/ wick$2 & t a wolf or a fox is nev] m5tion$ = a good purpose4 ,ea* species ( demon1 consequ5tly1 w\ld seem to possess a c]ta9 aff9ity ) a c]ta9 species ( animal4 ,& z among m5 !re are "s :o are /rong] ?an o!rs1 & ?is n at all ow+ to _! moral "*1 s1 9 ! same way1 "s demons w be m p[]ful 9 ?+s indiff]5t ?an o!rs2#hbc & "o class ( !m employs "o k9d ( animal = ! purpose ( delud+ m51 9 accordance ) ! w ( him :o is call$ 9 our ,scriptures ! 8pr9ce ( ?is _w10 :ile o!rs pr$ict future ev5ts by means ( ano!r k9d ( animal4 ,obs]ve1 moreov]1 to :at a pit* ( wick$ness ! demons proce$1 s t !y ev5 assume ! bodies ( weasels 9 ord] to reveal ! future6 ,& n[1 consid] ) y\rself :e!r x is bett] to accept ! belief t x is ! ,supreme ,god & ,8 ,son :o /ir up ! birds & ! o!r liv+ creatures to div9ation1 or t ^? :o /ir up ^! creatures1 & n human be+s 7al?\gh !y are pres5t be=e !m71 are wick$1 &1 z !y are call$ by our ,scriptures1 unclean demons4 ,footnote #hbc3 4 ,*apt] ,,xciv4 ,b if ! s\l ( birds is to be e/eem$ div9e because future ev5ts are pr$ict$ by !m1 :y %\ld we n r ma9ta91 t :5 om5s#hbd are accept$ by m51 ! s\ls ( ^? are div9e ?r\gh :i* ! om5s are he>d8 ,accord+ly1 among su* w\ld be rank$ ! female slave m5tion$ 9 ,hom]1 :o gr\nd ! corn1 :5 %e said reg>d+ ! suitors3 8,= ! v la/ "t1 n[1 w !y sup "h40#hbe ,?is slave1 !n1 0 div9e1 :ile ! great ,ulysses1 ! fri5d ( ,hom]'s ,pallas ,a!ne1 0 n div9e1 b und]/&+ ! words spok5 by ?is 8div9e0 gr9d] ( corn z an om51 rejoic$1 z ! poet says3 8,! div9e ,ulysses rejoic$ at ! om540#hbf ,obs]ve1 n[1 z ! birds are possess$ ( a div9e s\l1 & are capable ( p]ceiv+ ,god1 or1 z ,celsus says1 ! gods1 x is cle> t :5 we m5 also sneeze1 we d s 9 consequ5ce ( a k9d ( div9ity t is )9 u1 & :i* imp>ts a prophetic p[] to our s\l4 ,= ?is belief is te/ifi$ by _m witnesses1 & !re=e ! poet also says3 8,& :ile he pray$1 he sneez$40#hbg ,& ,p5elope1 too1 said3 8,p]ceiv'/ ?\ n t at e ^w my son did sneeze80#hbh ,footnote #hbd3 4 ,footnote #hbe3 ,cf4 ,hom]1 ,odyss4 iv4 v4 #fhe2 cf4 also xx4 vv4 #aaf1 #aai4 ,footnote #hbf3 ,cf4 ,hom]1 ,odyss4 xx4 #abj4 ,footnote #hbg3 ,cf4 ,hom]1 ,odyss4 xvii4 #eda4 ,footnote #hbh3 ,cf4 ,hom]1 ,odyss4 xvii4 #ede4 ,*apt] ,,xcv4 ,! true ,god1 h[ev]1 nei!r employs irrational animals1 nor any individuals :om *ance may (f]1#hbi to convey a k ( ! future2 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! mo/ pure & holy ( human s\ls1 :om ,he inspires & end[s ) prophetic p[]4 ,& !re=e1 :atev] else 9 ! ,mosaic writ+s may excite our wond]1 ! foll[+ mu/ be consid]$ z fitt$ to d s3 8,ye %all n practise augury1 nor obs]ve ! flight ( birds20#hcj & 9 ano!r place3 8,= ! nations :om ! ,"l ?y ,god w de/roy f be=e ?y face1 %all li/5 to om5s & div9ations2 b z = !e1 ! ,"l ?y ,god has n suff]$ !e to d s40#hca ,& he adds3 8,a prophet %all ! ,"l y\r ,god raise up unto y f among y\r bre?r540#hcb ,on "o occasion1 moreov]1 ,god1 wi%+ by means ( an augur to turn away ,8 p f ! practice ( div9ation1 caus$ ! _s t 0 9 ! augur to speak z foll[s3 8,= !re is no en*antm5t 9 ,jacob1 nor is !re div9ation 9 ,israel4 ,9 due "t w x be decl>$ to ,jacob & ,israel :at ! ,"l w d40#hcc ,& n[1 we :o knew ^! & simil> say+s wi% to obs]ve ?is precept ) ! my/ical mean+1 viz4 8,keep ?y he>t ) all dilig5ce10#hcd t no?+ ( a demoniacal nature may ent] into our m9ds1 or any _s ( our adv]s>ies turn our imag9ation :i!r x *ooses4 ,b we pray t ! light ( ! k ( ! glory ( ,god may %9e 9 our he>ts1 & t ! ,_s ( ,god may dwell 9 our imag9ations1 & lead !m to contemplate ! ?+s ( ,god2 = 8z _m z are l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 !y are ! sons ( ,god40#hce ,footnote #hbi3 4 ,footnote #hcj3 ,cf4 ,lev4 xix4 #bf4 ,! ,septuag9t "h diff]s f ! ,masoretic text4 ,footnote #hca3 ,cf4 ,deut4 xviii4 #ad1 cf4 #ab4 ,footnote #hcb3 ,cf4 ,deut4 xviii4 #ae4 ,footnote #hcc3 ,cf4 ,num4 xxiii4 #bc4 ,footnote #hcd3 ,prov4 iv4 #bc4 ,footnote #hce3 ,cf4 ,rom4 viii4 #ad4 ,*apt] ,,xcvi4 ,we ought to take note1 h[ev]1 t ! p[] ( =ekn[+ ! future is by no means a pro( ( div9ity2 = 9 itself x is a ?+ indiff]5t1 & is f\nd occurr+ among/ bo? good & bad4 ,physicians1 at any rate1 by means ( _! pr(essional skill =ekn[ c]ta9 ?+s1 al?\gh _! "* may happ5 to be bad4 ,& 9 ! same way also pilots1 al?\gh p]haps wick$ m51 are able to =etell ! signs#hcf ( good or bad wea!r1 & ! approa* ( viol5t tempe/s ( w9d1 & atmosph]ic *anges1#hcg because !y ga!r ?is k f exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 al?\gh ,i d n suppose t on t acc\nt any "o w\ld t]m !m 8gods0 if _! *>act]s happ5$ to be bad4 ,! ass]tion1 !n1 ( ,celsus is false1 :5 he says3 8,:at c\ld be call$ m div9e ?an ! p[] ( =ekn[+ & =etell+ ! future80 ,& s also is ?is1 t 8_m ( ! animals claim to h ideas ( ,god20 = none ( ! irrational animals possess any idea ( ,god4 ,& :olly false1 too1 is 8 ass]tion1 t 8! irrational animals are ne>] ! society ( ,god ?an m510 :5 ev5 m5 :o are /ill 9 a /ate ( wick$ness1 h[ev] great _! progress 9 k1 are f> remov$ f t society4 ,x is1 !n1 ^? alone :o are truly wise & s9c]ely religi\s :o are ne>] to ,god's society2 su* p]sons z 7 our prophets1 & ,moses1 to ! latt] ( :om1 on acc\nt ( 8 exce$+ purity1 ! ,scripture said3 8,moses alone %all come ne> ! ,"l1 b ! re/ %all n come nigh40#hch ,footnote #hcf3 4 ,footnote #hcg3 4 ,footnote #hch3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xxiv4 #b4 ,*apt] ,,xcvii4 ,h[ impi\s1 inde$1 is ! ass]tion ( ?is man1 :o *>ges u ) impiety1 t 8n only are ! irrational animals wis] ?an ! human race1 b t !y are m belov$ by ,god ?an !y60 ,& :o w\ld n be repell$ by horror f pay+ any att5tion to a man :o decl>$ t a s]p5t1 & a fox1 & a wolf1 & an eagle1 & a hawk1 7 m belov$ by ,god ?an ! human race8 ,= x foll[s f 8 ma9ta9+ su* a position1 t if ^! animals be m belov$ by ,god ?an human be+s1 x is manife/ t !y are de>] to ,god ?an ,socrates1 & ,plato1 & ,py?agoras1 & ,ph]ecydes1 & ^? !ologians ^: praises he _h sung a little be=e4 ,& "o might address him ) ! pray]3 8,if ^! animals be de>] to ,god ?an m51 may y be belov$ ( ,god along ) !m1 & be made l to ^? :om y consid] z de>] to ,him ?an human be+s60 ,& let no "o suppose t su* a pray] is meant z an imprecation2 = :o w\ld n pray to resemble 9 all respects ^? :om he believes to be de>] to ,god ?an o!rs1 9 ord] t he1 l !m1 may enjoy ! div9e love8 ,& z ,celsus is desir\s to %[ t ! assemblies ( ! irrational animals are m sacr$ ?an ours1 he ascribes ! /atem5t to t effect n to any ord9>y individuals1 b to p]sons ( intellig5ce4 ,yet x is ! virtu\s alone :o are truly wise1 = no wick$ man is s4 ,he speaks1 accord+ly1 9 ! foll[+ /yle3 8,intellig5t m5 say t ^! animals hold assemblies :i* are m sacr$ ?an ours1 & t !y "k :at is spok5 at !m1 & actually prove t !y are n )\t su* k1 :5 !y m5tion be=eh& t ! birds h ann\nc$ _! int5tion ( dep>t+ to a p>ticul> place1 or ( do+ ?is ?+ or t1 & !n %[ t !y h dep>t$ to ! place 9 "q1 & h done ! p>ticul> ?+ :i* 0 =etold40 ,n[1 truly1 no p]son ( intellig5ce ev] relat$ su* ?+s2 nor did any wise man ev] say t ! assemblies ( ! irrational animals 7 m sacr$ ?an ^? ( m54 ,b if1 = ! purpose ( exam9+ ! s\ndness ( 8 /atem5ts1 we look to _! consequ5ces1 x is evid5t t1 9 8 op9ion1 ! assemblies ( ! irrational animals are m sacr$ ?an ^? ( ! v5]able ,ph]ecydes1 & ,py?agoras1 & ,socrates1 & ,plato1 & ( philosoph]s 9 g5]al2 :i* ass]tion is n only incongru\s#hci 9 itself1 b full ( absurdity4 ,9 ord] t we may believe1 h[ev]1 t c]ta9 individuals d le>n f ! indi/9ct s\nd ( birds t !y are ab\t to take _! dep>ture1 & d ?is ?+ or t1 & ann\nce ^! ?+s be=eh&1 we w\ld say t ?is in=mation is imp>t$ to m5 by demons by means ( signs1 ) ! view ( hav+ m5 deceiv$ by demons1 & hav+ _! und]/&+ dragg$ d[n f ,god & heav5 to e>?1 & to places l[] /ill4 ,footnote #hci3 4 ,*apt] ,,xcviii4 ,i d n "k1 moreov]1 h[ ,celsus c\ld he> ( ! elephants' fidelity to oa?s1 & ( _! great devot$ness to our ,god1 & ( ! k :i* !y possess ( ,him4 ,= ,i "k _m wond]ful ?+s :i* are relat$ ( ! nature ( ?is animal1 & ( its g5tle disposition4 ,b ,i am n aw>e t any "o has spok5 ( its obs]vance ( oa?s2 unless inde$ to its g5tle disposition1 & its obs]vance ( compacts1 s to speak1 :5 once conclud$ betwe5 x & man1 he give ! "n ( keep+ its oa?1 :i* /atem5t also 9 itself is false4 ,= al?\gh r>ely1 yet sometimes x has be5 record$ t1 aft] _! app>5t tam5ess1 !y h brok5 out aga9/ m5 9 ! mo/ savage mann]1 & h committ$ murd]1 & h be5 on t acc\nt condemn$ to dea?1 because no long] ( any use4 ,& see+ t aft] ?is1 9 ord] to e/abli% 7z he ?9ks he does7 t ! /ork is m pi\s ?an any human be+1 he adduces ! acc\nts :i* are n>rat$ reg>d+ t creature's display ( filial affection#hdj 9 br++ food to its p>5ts = _! support1 we h to say 9 reply1 t ?is is done by ! /orks1 n f a reg>d to :at is prop]1 nor f reflection1 b f a natural in/9ct2 ! nature :i* =m$ !m be+ desir\s to %[ an in/ance among ! irrational animals :i* might put m5 to %ame1 9 ! matt] ( exhibit+ _! gratitude to _! p>5ts4 ,& if ,celsus _h kn[n h[ great ! diff]5ce is betwe5 act+ 9 ?is way f reason1 & f an irrational natural impulse1 he w\ld n h said t /orks are m pi\s ?an human be+s4 ,b fur!r1 ,celsus1 z /ill cont5d+ = ! piety ( ! irrational creation1 quotes ! in/ance ( ! ,arabian bird ! phnix1 :i* aft] _m ye>s repairs to ,egypt1 & be>s ?i!r its p>5t1 :5 dead & buri$ 9 a ball ( myrrh1 & deposits its body 9 ! ,temple ( ! ,sun4 ,n[ ?is /ory is inde$ record$1 &1 if x be true1 x is possible t x may occur 9 consequ5ce ( "s provision ( nature2 div9e provid5ce freely display+ to human be+s1 by ! diff]5ces :i* exi/ among liv+ ?+s1 ! v>iety ( con/itution :i* prevails 9 ! _w1 & :i* ext5ds ev5 to birds1 & 9 h>mony ) :i* ,he has br\ght into exi/5ce "o creature1 ! only "o ( its k9d1 9 ord] t by x m5 may be l$ to admire1 n ! creature1 b ,him :o creat$ x4 ,footnote #hdj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xcix4 ,9 addition to all t he has already said1 ,celsus subjo9s ! foll[+3 8,all ?+s1 accord+ly1 7 n made = man1 any m ?an !y 7 made = lions1 or eagles1 or dolph9s1 b t ?is _w1 z be+ ,god's "w1 might be p]fect & entire 9 all respects4 ,= ?is reason all ?+s h be5 adju/$1 n ) ref]5ce to ea* o!r1 b ) reg>d to _! be>+ ^u ! :ole4#hda ,& ,god takes c>e ( ! :ole1 & ,8 provid5ce w nev] =sake x2 & x does n become worse2 nor does ,god aft] a "t br+ x back to himself2 nor is ,he angry on acc\nt ( m5 any m ?an on acc\nt ( apes or flies2 nor does ,he ?reat5 ^! be+s1 ea* "o ( :i* has receiv$ its appo9t$ lot 9 its prop] place40 ,let u !n briefly reply to ^! /atem5ts4 ,i ?9k1 inde$1 t ,i h %[n 9 ! prec$+ pages t all ?+s 7 creat$ = man1 & e rational be+1 & t x 0 *iefly = ! sake ( ! rational creature t ! creation took place4 ,celsus1 inde$1 may say t ?is 0 done n m = man ?an = lions1 or ! o!r creatures :i* he m5tions2 b we ma9ta9 t ! ,creator did n =m ^! ?+s = lions1 or eagles1 or dolph9s1 b all = ! sake ( ! rational creature1 & 89 ord] t ?is _w1 z be+ ,god's "w1 might be p]fect & complete 9 all ?+s40 ,= to ?is s5tim5t we mu/ yield our ass5t z be+ well said4 ,& ,god takes c>e1 n1 z ,celsus supposes1 m]ely ( ! :ole1 b beyond ! :ole1 9 a special degree ( e rational be+4 ,nor w ,provid5ce ev] ab&on ! :ole2 = al?\gh x %\ld become m wick$1 ow+ to ! s9 ( ! rational be+1 :i* is a portion ( ! :ole1 ,he makes arrangem5ts to purify x1 & aft] a "t to br+ back ! :ole to ,himself4 ,moreov]1 ,he is n angry ) apes or flies2 b on human be+s1 z ^? :o h transgress$ ! laws ( nature1 ,he s5ds judgm5ts & *a/isem5ts1 & ?reat5s !m by ! m\? ( ! prophets1 & by ! ,savi\r :o came to visit ! :ole human race1 t ^? :o he> ! ?reat5+s may be conv]t$ by !m1 :ile ^? :o neglect ^! calls to conv]sion may des]v$ly suff] ^? puni%m5ts :i* x becomes ,god1 9 con=mity ) t w ( ,8 :i* acts = ! advantage ( ! :ole1 to inflict ^u ^? :o ne$ su* pa9ful discipl9e & correction4 ,b z our f\r? book has n[ atta9$ suffici5t dim5sions1 we %all "h t]m9ate our disc\rse4 ,& may ,god grant1 ?r\gh ,8 ,son1 :o is ,god ! ,^w1 & ,wisdom1 & ,tru?1 & ,righte\sness1 & ev]y?+ else :i* ! sacr$ ,scriptures :5 speak+ ( ,god call ,him1 t we may make a good beg9n+ ( ! fif? book1 to ! b5efit ( our read]s1 & may br+ x to a successful conclusion1 ) ! aid ( ,8 ^w abid+ 9 our s\l4 ,footnote #hda3 ' 4 8,gel5ius does n recognise ^! words1 & ,guietus reg>ds !m z sup]flu\s40 ,!y are omitt$ 9 ! translation4 ,,book ,v4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,x is n1 my rev]5d ,ambrosius1 because we seek aft] _m words--a ?+ :i* is =bidd51 & 9 ! indulg5ce ( :i* x is impossible to avoid s9#hdb--t we n[ beg9 ! fif? book ( our reply to ! treatise ( ,celsus1 b ) ! endeav\r1 s f> z may be )9 our p[]1 to leave none ( 8 /atem5ts )\t exam9ation1 & especially ^? 9 :i* x might appe> to "s t he _h skilfully assail$ u & ! ,jews4 ,if x 7 possible1 inde$1 = me to ent] along ) my words into ! consci5ce ( e "o )\t exception :o p]uses ?is "w1 & to extract ea* d>t :i* w\nds him :o is n completely protect$ ) ! 8:ole arm\r0 ( ,god1 & apply a rational m$ic9e to cure ! w\nd inflict$ by ,celsus1 :i* prev5ts ^? :o li/5 to 8 words f rema9+ 8s\nd 9 ! fai?10 ,i w\ld d s4 ,b s9ce x is ! "w ( ,god alone1 9 con=mity ) ,8 own ,_s1 & along ) t ( ,*ri/1 to take up ,8 abode invisibly 9 ^? p]sons :om ,he judges wor?y ( be+ visit$2 s1 on ! o!r h&1 is our object to try1 by means ( argum5ts & treatises1 to confirm m5 9 _! fai?1 & to e>n ! "n ( 8workm5 ne$+ n to be a%am$1 rightly divid+ ! ^w ( tru?40#hdc ,& !re is "o ?+ above all :i* x appe>s to u we ought to d1 if we w\ld dis*>ge fai?fully ! task enjo9$ ^u u by y1 & t is to ov]turn to ! be/ ( our ability ! confid5t ass]tions ( ,celsus4 ,let u !n quote su* ass]tions ( 8 z foll[ ^? :i* we h already refut$ 7! read] mu/ decide :e!r we h done s successfully or n71 & let u reply to !m4 ,& may ,god grant t we approa* n our subject ) our und]/&+ & reason empty & devoid ( div9e inspiration1 t ! fai? ( ^? :om we wi% to aid may n dep5d ^u human wisdom1 b t1 receiv+ ! 8m9d0 ( ,*ri/ f ,8 ,fa!r1 :o alone c be/[ x1 & be+ /r5g!n$ by p>ticipat+ 9 ! ^w ( ,god1 we may pull d[n 8e high ?+ t exalte? itself aga9/ ! k ( ,god10#hdd & ! imag9ation ( ,celsus1 :o exalts himself aga9/ u1 & aga9/ ,jesus1 & also aga9/ ,moses & ! prophets1 9 ord] t ,he :o 8gave ! ^w to ^? :o publi%$ x ) great p[]0#hde may supply u also1 & be/[ ^u u 8great p[]10 s t fai? 9 ! ^w & p[] ( ,god may be implant$ 9 ! m9ds ( all :o w p]use our "w4 ,footnote #hdb3 ,cf4 ,prov4 x4 #ai4 ,footnote #hdc3 ,cf4 #b ,tim4 ii4 #ae4 ,footnote #hdd3 ,cf4 #b ,cor4 x4 #e4 ,footnote #hde3 ,cf4 ,ps4 lxviii4 #aa4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,we h n[1 !n1 to refute t /atem5t ( 8 :i* runs z foll[s3 8,o ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 no ,god or son ( a ,god ei!r came or w come d[n to e>?4 ,b if y mean t c]ta9 angels did s1 !n :at d y call !m8 ,are !y gods1 or "s o!r race ( be+s8 ,"s o!r race ( be+s d\btless1 & 9 all probability demons40 ,n[ z ,celsus "h is guilty ( repeat+ himself 7= 9 ! prec$+ pages su* ass]tions h be5 frequ5tly advanc$ by him71 x is unnecess>y to discuss ! matt] at great] l5g?1 see+ :at we h already said ^u ?is po9t may suffice4 ,we %all m5tion1 h[ev]1 a few consid]ations out ( a great] numb]1 su* z we deem 9 h>mony ) our =m] argum5ts1 b :i* h n altoge!r ! same be>+ z !y1 & by :i* we %all %[ t 9 ass]t+ g5]ally t no ,god1 or son ( ,god1 ev] desc5d$ among m51 he ov]turns n only ! op9ions ent]ta9$ by ! majority ( mank9d reg>d+ ! manife/ation ( ,deity1 b also :at 0 =m]ly admitt$ by himself4 ,= if ! g5]al /atem5t1 t 8no ,god or son ( ,god has come d[n or w come d[n10 be truly ma9ta9$ by ,celsus1 x is manife/ t we h "h ov]?r[n ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( gods ^u ! e>? :o _h desc5d$ f heav5 ei!r to pr$ict ! future to mank9d or to heal !m by means ( div9e responses2 & nei!r ! ,py?ian ,apollo1 nor ,esculapius1 nor any o!r among ^? suppos$ to h done s1 w\ld be a god desc5d$ f heav54 ,he might1 inde$1 ei!r be a god :o _h obta9$ z 8 lot ! obligation to dwell on e>? = ev]1 & be ?us a fugitive1 z x 71 f ! abode ( ! gods1 or he might be "o :o _h no p[] to %>e 9 ! society ( ! gods 9 heav52#hdf or else ,apollo1 & ,esculapius1 & ^? o!rs :o are believ$ to p]=m acts on e>?1 w\ld n be gods1 b only c]ta9 demons1 mu* inf]ior to ^? wise m5 among mank9d1 :o on acc\nt ( _! virtue asc5d to ! vault#hdg ( heav54 ,footnote #hdf3 4 ,footnote #hdg3 4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,b obs]ve h[1 9 8 desire to subv]t our op9ions1 he :o nev] ackn[l$g$ himself ?r\gh\t 8 :ole treatise to be an ,epicurean1 is convict$ ( be+ a des]t] to t sect4 ,& n[ is ! "t = y1 read]1 :o p]use ! works ( ,celsus1 & give y\r ass5t to :at has be5 advanc$1 ei!r to ov]turn ! belief 9 a ,god :o visits ! human race1 & ex]cises a provid5ce ov] ea* individual man1 or to grant ?is1 & prove ! falsity ( ! ass]tions ( ,celsus4 ,if y1 !n1 :olly annihilate provid5ce1 y w falsify ^? ass]tions ( 8 9 :i* he grants ! exi/5ce ( 8,god & a provid5ce10 9 ord] t y may ma9ta9 ! tru? ( y\r own position2 b if1 on ! o!r h&1 y /ill admit ! exi/5ce ( provid5ce1 because y d n ass5t to ! dictum ( ,celsus1 t 8nei!r has a ,god nor ! son ( a ,god come d[n nor is to come d[n#hdh to mank9d10 :y n r c>efully asc]ta9 f ! /atem5ts made reg>d+ ,jesus1 & ! prophecies utt]$ conc]n+ ,him1 :o x is t we are to consid] z hav+ come d[n to ! human race z ,god1 & ! ,son ( ,god8--:e!r t ,jesus :o said & m9i/]$ s mu*1 or ^? :o1 "u pret5ce ( oracles & div9ations1 d n re=m ! morals ( _! wor%ipp]s1 b :o h besides apo/atiz$ f ! pure & holy wor%ip & hon\r due to ! ,mak] ( all ?+s1 & :o te> away ! s\ls ( ^? :o give he$ to !m f ! "o only visible & true ,god1 "u a pret5ce ( pay+ hon\r to a multitude ( deities8 ,footnote #hdh3 4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,b s9ce he says1 9 ! next place1 z if ! ,jews or ,*ri/ians _h answ]$ reg>d+ ^? :o come d[n to visit ! human race1 t !y 7 angels3 8,b if ye say t !y are angels1 :at d y call !m80 he cont9ues1 8,are !y gods1 or "s o!r race ( be+s80 & !n aga9 introduces u z if answ]+1 8,"s o!r race ( be+s1 & probably demons10--let u proce$ to notice ^! rem>ks4 ,= we inde$ ackn[l$ge t angels are 8m9i/]+ spirits10 & we say t 8!y are s5t =? to m9i/] = !m :o %all be heirs ( salvation20#hdi & t !y asc5d1 be>+ ! supplications ( m51 to ! pure/ ( ! heav5ly places 9 ! univ]se1 or ev5 to sup]cele/ial regions pur] /ill2#hej & t !y come d[n f ^!1 convey+ to ea* "o1 accord+ to 8 des]ts1 some?+ enjo9$ by ,god to be conf]r$ by !m ^u ^? :o are to be ! recipi5ts ( ,8 b5efits4 ,hav+ ?us le>n$ to call ^! be+s 8angels0 f _! employm5ts1 we f9d t because !y are div9e !y are sometimes t]m$ 8,god0 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures1#hea b n s t we are comm&$ to hon\r & wor%ip 9 place ( ,god ^? :o m9i/] to u1 & be> to u ,8 bless+s4 ,= e pray]1 & supplication1 & int]cession1 & ?anksgiv+1 is to be s5t up to ! ,supreme ,god ?r\gh ! ,high ,prie/1 :o is above all ! angels1 ! liv+ ,^w & ,god4 ,& to ! ,^w ,himself %all we also pray & make int]cessions1 & (f] ?anksgiv+s & supplications to ,him1 if we h ! capacity ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! prop] use & abuse ( pray]4#heb ,footnote #hdi3 ,cf4 ,heb4 i4 #ad4 ,footnote #hej3 1 4 ,footnote #hea3 ,cf4 ,ps4 lxxxvi4 #h1 xcvi4 #d1 cxxxvi4 #b4 ,footnote #heb3 4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,= to invoke angels )\t hav+ obta9$ a k ( _! nature great] ?an is possess$ by m51 w\ld be contr>y to reason4 ,b1 con=mably to our hypo!sis1 let ?is k ( !m1 :i* is some?+ wond]ful & my/]i\s1 be obta9$4 ,!n ?is k1 mak+ kn[n to u _! nature1 & ! (fices to :i* !y are sev]ally appo9t$1 w n p]mit u to pray ) confid5ce to any o!r ?an to ! ,supreme ,god1 :o is suffici5t = all ?+s1 & t ?r\gh our ,savi\r ! ,son ( ,god1 :o is ! ,^w1 & ,wisdom1 & ,tru?1 & ev]y?+ else :i* ! writ+s ( ,god's prophets & ! apo/les ( ,jesus entitle ,him4 ,& x is en\gh to secure t ! holy angels ( ,god be propiti\s to u1 & t !y d all ?+s on our behalf1 t our disposition ( m9d t[>ds ,god %\ld imitate z f> z x is )9 ! p[] ( human nature ! example ( ^! holy angels1 :o aga9 foll[ ! example ( _! ,god2 & t ! conceptions :i* we ent]ta9 ( ,8 ,son1 ! ,^w1 s f> z atta9able by u1 %\ld n be oppos$ to ! cle>] conceptions ( ,him :i* ! holy angels possess1 b %\ld daily approa* ^! 9 cle>ness & di/9ctness4 ,b because ,celsus has n read our ,holy ,scriptures1 he gives himself an answ] z if x came f u1 say+ t we 8ass]t t ! angels :o come d[n f heav5 to conf] b5efits on mank9d are a diff]5t race f ! gods10 & adds t 89 all probability !y w\ld be call$ demons by u30 n obs]v+ t ! "n 8demons0 is n a t]m ( indiff]5t mean+ l t ( 8m510 among :om "s are good & "s bad1 nor yet a t]m ( excell5ce l t ( 8! gods10 :i* is appli$ n to wick$ demons1 or to /atues1 or to animals1 b 7by ^? :o "k div9e ?+s7 to :at is truly div9e & bless$2 :]eas ! t]m 8demons0 is always appli$ to ^? wick$ p[]s1 fre$ f ! encumbrance ( a gross] body1 :o lead m5 a/ray1 & fill !m ) di/ractions1 & drag !m d[n f ,god & sup]cele/ial ?\ghts to ?+s "h bel[4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,he next proce$s to make ! foll[+ /atem5t ab\t ! ,jews3--8,! fir/ po9t relat+ to ! ,jews :i* is fitt$ to excite wond]1 is t !y %\ld wor%ip ! heav5 & ! angels :o dwell !re91 & yet pass by & neglect its mo/ v5]able & p[]ful p>ts1 z ! sun1 & moon1 & ! o!r heav5ly bodies1 bo? fix$ />s & planets1 z if x 7 possible t #8! :ole' c\ld be ,god1 & yet its p>ts n div9e2 or z if x 7 reasonable to treat ) ! greate/ respect ^? :o are said to appe> to su* z are 9 d>kness some:]e1 bl9d$ by "s crook$ sorc]y1 or dream+ dreams ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( %ad[y spectres1#hec :ile ^? :o prophesy s cle>ly & /rik+ly to all m51 by means ( :om ra91 & heat1 & cl\ds1 & ?und] 7to :i* !y (f] wor%ip71 & lightn+s1 & fruits1 & all k9ds ( productiv5ess1 are br\ght ab\t1--by means ( :om ,god is reveal$ to !m1--! mo/ prom95t h]alds among ^? be+s t are above1--^? t are truly heav5ly angels1--are to be reg>d$ z ( no acc\nt60 ,9 mak+ ^! /atem5ts1 ,celsus appe>s to h fall5 into confusion1 & to h p5n$ !m f false ideas ( ?+s :i* he did n und]/&2 = x is pat5t to all :o inve/igate ! practices ( ! ,jews1 & comp>e !m ) ^? ( ! ,*ri/ians1 t ! ,jews :o foll[ ! law1 :i*1 speak+ 9 ! p]son ( ,god1 says1 8,?\ %alt h no o!r gods be=e me3 ?\ %alt n make unto !e an image1 nor a lik5ess ( any?+ t is 9 heav5 above1 or t is 9 ! e>? b5ea?1 or t is 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?2 ?\ %alt n b[ d[n to !m1 nor s]ve !m10#hed wor%ip no?+ else ?an ! ,supreme ,god1 :o made ! heav5s1 & all ?+s besides4 ,n[ x is evid5t t ^? :o live accord+ to ! law1 & wor%ip ! ,mak] ( heav51 w n wor%ip ! heav5 at ! same "t ) ,god4 ,moreov]1 no "o :o obeys ! law ( ,moses w b[ d[n to ! angels :o are 9 heav52 &1 9 l mann]1 z !y d n b[ d[n to sun1 moon1 & />s1 ! ho/ ( heav51 !y refra9 also f do+ obeisance to heav5 & its angels1 obey+ ! law :i* decl>es3 8,le/ ?\ lift up ?9e eyes to heav51 & :5 ?\ see/ ! sun1 & ! moon1 & ! />s1 ev5 all ! ho/ ( heav51 %\ld/ be driv5 to wor%ip !m1 & s]ve !m1 :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? divid$ unto all nations40#hee ,footnote #hec3 1 ' 1 4 ,footnote #hed3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xx4 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,footnote #hee3 ,cf4 ,deut4 iv4 #ai4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,hav+1 moreov]1 assum$ t ! ,jews consid] ! heav5 to be ,god1 he adds t ?is is absurd2 f9d+ fault ) ^? :o b[ d[n to ! heav51 b n also to ! sun1 & moon1 & />s1 say+ t ! ,jews d ?is1 z if x 7 possible t 8! :ole0 %\ld be ,god1 & its sev]al p>ts n div9e4 ,& he seems to call ! heav5 8a :ole10 & sun1 moon1 & />s its sev]al p>ts4 ,n[1 c]ta9ly nei!r ,jews nor ,*ri/ians call ! 8heav50 ,god4 ,let x be grant$1 h[ev]1 t1 z he alleges1 ! heav5 is call$ ,god by ! ,jews1 & suppose t sun1 moon1 & />s are p>ts ( 8heav510--:i* is by no means true1 = nei!r are ! animals & plants ^u ! e>? any portion ( x1--h[ is x true1 ev5 accord+ to ! op9ions ( ! ,greeks1 t if ,god be a :ole1 ,8 p>ts also are div9e8 ,c]ta9ly !y say t ! ,cosmos tak5 z ! :ole#hef is ,god1 ! ,/oics call+ x ! ,fir/ ,god1 ! foll[]s ( ,plato ! ,second1 & "s ( !m ! ,?ird4 ,accord+ to ^! philosoph]s1 !n1 see+ ! :ole ,cosmos is ,god1 its p>ts also are div9e2 s t n only are human be+s div9e1 b ! :ole ( ! irrational creation1 z be+ 8portions0 ( ! ,cosmos2 & besides ^!1 ! plants also are div9e4 ,& if ! riv]s1 & m\nta9s1 & seas are portions ( ! ,cosmos1 !n1 s9ce ! :ole ,cosmos is ,god1 are ! riv]s & seas also gods8 ,b ?is ev5 ! ,greeks w n ass]t4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o preside ov] riv]s & seas 7ei!r demons or gods1 z !y call !m71 !y w\ld t]m gods4 ,n[ f ?is x foll[s t ! g5]al /atem5t ( ,celsus1 ev5 accord+ to ! ,greeks1 :o hold ! doctr9e ( ,provid5ce1 is false1 t if any 8:ole0 be a god1 its p>ts necess>ily are div9e4 ,b x foll[s f ! doctr9e ( ,celsus1 t if ! ,cosmos be ,god1 all t is 9 x is div9e1 be+ p>ts ( ! ,cosmos4 ,n[1 accord+ to ?is view1 animals1 z flies1 & gnats1 & worms1 & e species ( s]p5t1 z well z ( birds & fi%es1 w be div9e1--an ass]tion :i* w\ld n be made ev5 by ^? :o ma9ta9 t ! ,cosmos is ,god4 ,b ! ,jews1 :o live accord+ to ! law ( ,moses1 al?\gh !y may n "k h[ to receive ! secret mean+ ( ! law1 :i* is convey$ 9 obscure language1 w n ma9ta9 t ei!r ! heav5 or ! angels are ,god4 ,footnote #hef3 4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,z we allege1 h[ev]1 t he has fall5 into confusion 9 consequ5ce ( false notions :i* he has imbib$1 come & let u po9t !m out to ! be/ ( our ability1 & %[ t al?\gh ,celsus consid]s x to be a ,jewi% cu/om to b[ d[n to ! heav5 & ! angels 9 x1 su* a practice is n at all ,jewi%1 b is 9 violation ( ,judaism1 z x also is to d obeisance to sun1 moon1 & />s1 z well z images4 ,y w f9d at lea/ 9 ! book ( ,j]emiah ! words ( ,god c5sur+ by ! m\? ( ! prophet ! ,jewi% p = do+ obeisance to su* objects1 & = sacrific+ to ! que5 ( heav51 & to all ! ho/ ( heav54#heg ,! writ+s ( ! ,*ri/ians1 moreov]1 %[1 9 c5sur+ ! s9s committ$ among ! ,jews1 t :5 ,god ab&on$ t p on acc\nt ( c]ta9 s9s1 ^! s9s ( idol-wor%ip also 7 committ$ by !m4 ,= x is relat$ 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les reg>d+ ! ,jews1 t 8,god turn$1 & gave !m up to wor%ip ! ho/ ( heav52 z x is writt5 9 ! book ( ! prophets1 ,o ye h\se ( ,israel1 h ye (f]$ to me sla9 bea/s & sacrifices by ! space ( =ty ye>s 9 ! wild]ness8 ,yea1 ye took up ! tab]nacle ( ,molo*1 & ! /> ( y\r god ,remphan1 figures :i* y made to wor%ip !m40#heh ,& 9 ! writ+s ( ,paul1 :o 0 c>efully tra9$ 9 ,jewi% cu/oms1 & conv]t$ aft]w>ds to ,*ri/ianity by a miracul\s appe>ance ( ,jesus1 ! foll[+ words may be read 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians3 8,let no man beguile y ( y\r rew>d 9 a volunt>y humility & wor%ipp+ ( angels1 intrud+ into ^? ?+s :i* he ha? n se51 va9ly puff$ up by 8 fle%ly m9d2 & n hold+ ! head1 f :i* all ! body by jo9t & b&s hav+ n\ri%m5t m9i/]$1 & knit toge!r1 increase? ) ! increase ( ,god40#hei ,b ,celsus1 hav+ nei!r read ^! v]ses1 nor hav+ le>n$ _! cont5ts f any o!r s\rce1 has repres5t$1 ,i "k n h[1 ! ,jews z n transgress+ _! law 9 b[+ d[n to ! heav5s1 & to ! angels !re94 ,footnote #heg3 ,cf4 ,j]4 vii4 #ag1 #ah4 ,footnote #heh3 ,cf4 ,acts vii4 #db1 #dc4 ,footnote #hei3 ,cf4 ,col4 ii4 #ah1 #ai4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,& /ill cont9u+ a little confus$1 & n tak+ c>e to see :at 0 relevant to ! matt]1 he express$ 8 op9ion t ! ,jews 7 induc$ by ! incantations employ$ 9 juggl]y & sorc]y 79 consequ5ce ( :i* c]ta9 phantoms appe>1 9 ob$i5ce to ! spells employ$ by ! magicians7 to b[ d[n to ! angels 9 heav51 n obs]v+ t ?is 0 contr>y to _! law1 :i* said to !m :o practis$ su* obs]vances3 8,reg>d n !m :i* h famili> spirits1#hfj nei!r seek aft] wiz>ds1#hfa to be defil$ by !m3 ,i am ! ,"l y\r ,god40#hfb ,he ought1 !re=e1 ei!r n to h at all attribut$ ?is practice to ! ,jews1 see+ he has obs]v$ t !y keep _! law1 & has call$ !m 8^? :o live accord+ to _! law20 or if he did attribute x1 he ought to h %[n t ! ,jews did ?is 9 violation ( _! code4 ,b aga91 z !y transgress _! law :o (f] wor%ip to ^? :o are said to appe> to !m :o are involv$ 9 d>kness & bl9d$ by sorc]y1 & :o dream dreams1 ow+ to obscure phantoms pres5t+ !mselves2 s also d !y transgress ! law :o (f] sacrifice to sun1 moon1 & />s4#hfc ,& !re is ?us great inconsi/5cy 9 ! same individual say+ t ! ,jews are c>eful to keep _! law by n b[+ d[n to sun1 & moon1 & />s1 :ile !y are n s c>eful to keep x 9 ! matt] ( heav5 & ! angels4 ,footnote #hfj3 4 ,footnote #hfa3 4 ,footnote #hfb3 ,cf4 ,lev4 xix4 #ca4 ,footnote #hfc3 ,! em5dations ( ,ruu h be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation1 ! text be+ probably corrupt4 ,cf4 ,ruu1 9 loc4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,& if x be necess>y = u to (f] a def5ce ( our refusal to recognise z gods1 equally ) angels1 & sun1 & moon1 & />s1 ^? :o are call$ by ! ,greeks 8manife/ & visible0 div9ities1 we %all answ] t ! law ( ,moses kn[s t ^! latt] h be5 apportion$ by ,god among all ! nations "u ! heav51 b n among/ ^? :o 7 select$ by ,god z ,8 *os5 p above all ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,= x is writt5 9 ! book ( ,deut]onomy3 8,& le/ ?\ lift up ?9e eyes unto heav51 & :5 ?\ see/ ! sun1 & ! moon1 & ! />s1 ev5 all ! ho/ ( heav51 %\ld/ be driv5 to wor%ip !m1 & s]ve !m1 :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? divid$ unto all nations "u ! :ole heav54 ,b ! ,"l ha? tak5 u1 & br\ght u =? out ( ! iron furnace1 ev5 out ( ,egypt1 to be unto ,him a p ( inh]itance1 z ye are ?is day40#hfd ,! ,hebrew p1 !n1 be+ call$ by ,god a 8*os5 g5]ation1 & a royal prie/hood1 & a holy nation1 & a pur*as$ p10#hfe reg>d+ :om x 0 =etold to ,abraham by ! voice ( ! ,"l address$ to him1 8,look n[ t[>ds heav51 & tell ! />s1 if ?\ be able to numb] !m3 & ,he said unto him1 ,s %all ?y se$ be20#hff & hav+ ?us a hope t !y w\ld become z ! />s ( heav51 7 n likely to b[ d[n to ^? objects :i* !y 7 to resemble z a result ( _! und]/&+ & obs]v+ ! law ( ,god4 ,= x 0 said to !m3 8,! ,"l our ,god ha? multipli$ u2 &1 behold1 ye are ?is day z ! />s ( heav5 = multitude40#hfg ,9 ! book ( ,daniel1 also1 ! foll[+ prophecies are f\nd relat+ to ^? :o are to %>e 9 ! resurrection3 8,& at t "t ?y p %all be deliv]$1 e "o t has be5 writt5 9 ! book4 ,& _m ( !m t sleep 9 ! du/#hfh ( ! e>? %all awake2 "s to ev]la/+ life1 & "s to %ame & ev]la/+ contempt4 ,& !y t be wise %all %9e z ! brightness ( ! firmam5t1 & ^? ( ! _m righte\s#hfi z ! />s = ev] & ev]10#hgj etc4 ,& h5ce ,paul1 too1 :5 speak+ ( ! resurrection1 says3 8,& !re are also cele/ial bodies1 & bodies t]re/rial3 b ! glory ( ! cele/ial is "o1 & ! glory ( ! t]re/rial is ano!r4 ,!re is "o glory ( ! sun1 & ano!r glory ( ! moon1 & ano!r glory ( ! />s2 = "o /> diff]e? f ano!r /> 9 glory4 ,s also is ! resurrection ( ! dead40#hga ,x 0 n !re=e consonant to reason t ^? :o _h be5 taught sublimely#hgb to asc5d above all creat$ ?+s1 & to hope = ! enjoym5t ( ! mo/ glori\s rew>ds ) ,god on acc\nt ( _! virtu\s lives1 & :o _h he>d ! words1 8,ye are ! light ( ! _w10#hgc &1 8,let y\r light s %9e be=e m51 t !y1 see+ y\r good works1 may glorify y\r ,fa!r :o is 9 heav510#hgd & :o possess$ ?r\gh practice ?is brilliant & unfad+ wisdom1 or :o _h secur$ ev5 ! 8v reflection ( ev]la/+ light10#hge %\ld be s impress$ ) ! m]e visible light ( sun1 & moon1 & />s1 t1 on acc\nt ( t s5sible light ( !irs1 !y %\ld deem !mselves 7al?\gh possess$ ( s great a rational light ( k1 & ( ! true light1 & ! light ( ! _w1 & ! light ( m57 to be someh[ inf]ior to !m1 & to b[ d[n to !m2 see+ !y ought to be wor%ipp$1 if !y are to receive wor%ip at all1 n = ! sake ( ! s5sible light :i* is admir$ by ! multitude1 b because ( ! rational & true light1 if inde$ ! />s 9 heav5 are rational & virtu\s be+s1 & h be5 illum9at$ ) ! light ( k by t wisdom :i* is ! 8reflection ( ev]la/+ light40 ,= t s5sible light ( !irs is ! "w ( ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 :ile t rational light is d]iv$ p]haps f ! pr9ciple ( free-w )9 !m4#hgf ,footnote #hfd3 ,cf4 ,deut4 iv4 #ai1 #bj4 ,footnote #hfe3 ,cf4 #a ,pet4 ii4 #i4 ,footnote #hff3 ,cf4 ,g54 xv4 #e4 ,footnote #hfg3 ,cf4 ,deut4 i4 #aj4 ,footnote #hfh3 4 ,footnote #hfi3 4 ,footnote #hgj3 ,cf4 ,dan4 xii4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,footnote #hga3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #dj-db4 ,footnote #hgb3 4 ,footnote #hgc3 ,matt4 v4 #ad4 ,footnote #hgd3 ,cf4 ,matt4 v4 #af4 ,footnote #hge3 ,cf4 ,orig51 de ,pr9cipiis1 i4 c4 vii4 ,footnote #hgf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,b ev5 ?is rational light itself ought n to be wor%ipp$ by him :o beholds & und]/&s ! true light1 by %>+ 9 :i* ^! also are enlight5$2 nor by him :o beholds ,god1 ! ,fa!r ( ! true light1--( :om x has be5 said1 8,god is light1 & 9 ,him !re is no d>kness at all40#hgg ,^?1 inde$1 :o wor%ip sun1 moon1 & />s because _! light is visible & cele/ial1 w\ld n b[ d[n to a sp>k ( fire or a lamp ^u e>?1 because !y see ! incomp>able sup]iority ( ^? objects :i* are deem$ wor?y ( homage to ! light ( sp>ks & lamps4 ,s ^? :o und]/& t ,god is light1 & :o h appreh5d$ t ! ,son ( ,god is 8! true light :i* lighte? e man t come? into ! _w10 & :o compreh5d also h[ ,he says1 8,i am ! light ( ! _w10 w\ld n rationally (f] wor%ip to t :i* is1 z x 71 a sp>k 9 sun1 moon1 & />s1 9 comp>ison ) ,god1 :o is light ( ! true light4 ,nor is x ) a view to depreciate ^! great works ( ,god's creative p[]1 or to call !m1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ,anaxagoras1 8fi]y masses10#hgh t we ?us speak ( sun1 & moon1 & />s2 b because we p]ceive ! inexpressible sup]iority ( ! div9ity ( ,god1 & t ( ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 :i* surpasses all o!r ?+s4 ,& be+ p]suad$ t ! sun himself1 & moon1 & />s pray to ! ,supreme ,god ?r\gh ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 we judge x improp] to pray to ^? be+s :o !mselves (f] up pray]s to ,god1 see+ ev5 !y !mselves w\ld pref] t we %\ld s5d up our reque/s to ! ,god to :om !y pray1 r ?an s5d !m d[nw>ds to !mselves1 or apportion our p[] ( pray]#hgi betwe5 ,god & !m4 ,& "h ,i may employ ?is illu/ration1 z be>+ ^u ?is po9t3 ,our ,"l & ,savi\r1 he>+ ,himself on "o occasion address$ z 8,good ,ma/]10#hhj ref]r+ him :o us$ x to ,8 own ,fa!r1 said1 8,:y calle/ ?\ me good8 ,!re is none good b "o1 t is1 ,god ! ,fa!r40#hha ,& s9ce x 0 9 accordance ) s\nd reason t ?is %\ld be said by ! ,son ( ,8 ,fa!r's love1 z be+ ! image ( ! goodness ( ,god1 :y %\ld n ! sun say ) great] reason to ^? t b[ d[n to him1 ,:y d y wor%ip me8 8= ?\ wilt wor%ip ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & ,him only %alt ?\ s]ve20#hhb = x is ,he :om ,i & all :o are ) me s]ve & wor%ip4 ,& al?\gh "o may n be s exalt$ z ! sun1 nev]!less let su* an "o pray to ! ,^w ( ,god 7:o is able to heal him71 & /ill m to ,8 ,fa!r1 :o also to ! righte\s ( =m] times 8s5t ,8 ^w1 & heal$ !m1 & deliv]$ !m f _! de/ructions40#hhc ,footnote #hgg3 ,cf4 #a ,john i4 #e4 ,footnote #hgh3 4 ,footnote #hgi3 4 ,footnote #hhj3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xix4 #ag2 cf4 ,m>k x4 #ah4 ,footnote #hha3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #hhb3 ,cf4 ,deut4 vi4 #ac4 ,footnote #hhc3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cvii4 #bj4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,god accord+ly1 9 ,8 k9dness1 condesc5ds to mank9d1 n 9 any local s5se1 b ?r\gh ,8 provid5ce2#hhd :ile ! ,son ( ,god1 n only :5 on e>?1 b at all times1 is ) ,8 own disciples1 fulfill+ ! promise1 8,lo1 ,i am ) y always1 ev5 to ! end ( ! _w40#hhe ,& if a bran* _c be> fruit except x abide 9 ! v9e1 x is evid5t t ! disciples also ( ! ,^w1 :o are ! rational bran*es ( ! ,^w's true v9e1 _c produce ! fruits ( virtue unless !y abide 9 ! true v9e1 ! ,*ri/ ( ,god1 :o is ) u locally "h bel[ ^u ! e>?1 & :o is ) ^? :o cleave to ,him 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 & is also 9 all places ) ^? :o d n "k ,him4 ,ano!r is made manife/ by t ,john :o wrote ! ,gospel1 :51 speak+ 9 ! p]son ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 he said1 8,!re /&e? "o among y :om ye "k n2 ,he x is :o come? aft] me40#hhf ,& x is absurd1 :5 ,he :o fills heav5 & e>?1 & :o said1 8,d ,i n fill heav5 & e>?8 sai? ! ,"l10#hhg is ) u1 & ne> u 7= ,i believe ,him :5 ,he says1 8,i am a ,god nigh at h&1 & n af> (f1 sai? ! ,"l0#hhh71 to seek to pray to sun or moon1 or "o ( ! />s1 ^: influ5ce does n rea* ! :ole ( ! _w4#hhi ,b1 to use ! v words ( ,celsus1 let x be grant$ t 8! sun1 moon1 & />s d =etell ra91 & heat1 & cl\ds1 & ?und]s10 :y1 !n1 if !y really d =etell su* great ?+s1 ought we n r to d homage to ,god1 ^: s]vant !y are 9 utt]+ ^! pr$ictions1 & %[ rev]5ce to ,him r ?an ,8 prophets8 ,let !m pr$ict1 !n1 ! approa* ( lightn+s1 & fruits1 & all mann] ( productions1 & let all su* ?+s be "u _! adm9i/ration2 yet we %all n on t acc\nt wor%ip ^? :o !mselves (f] wor%ip1 z we d n wor%ip ev5 ,moses1 & ^? prophets :o came f ,god aft] him1 & :o pr$ict$ bett] ?+s ?an ra91 & heat1 & cl\ds1 & ?und]s1 & lightn+s1 & fruits1 & all sorts ( productions visible to ! s5ses4 ,nay1 ev5 if sun1 & moon1 & />s 7 able to prophesy bett] ?+s ?an ra91 n ev5 !n %all we wor%ip !m1 b ! ,fa!r ( ! prophecies :i* are 9 !m1 & ! ,^w ( ,god1 _! m9i/]4 ,b grant t !y are ,8 h]alds1 & truly mess5g]s ( heav51 :y1 ev5 !n ought we n to wor%ip ! ,god :om !y only proclaim & ann\nce1 r ?an ^? :o are ! h]alds & mess5g]s8 ,footnote #hhd3 4 ,footnote #hhe3 ,matt4 xxviii4 #bj4 ,footnote #hhf3 ,cf4 ,john i4 #bf1 #bg4 ,footnote #hhg3 ,cf4 ,j]4 xxiii4 #bd4 ,footnote #hhh3 ,cf4 ,j]4 xxiii4 #bc4 ,footnote #hhi3 4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,celsus1 moreov]1 assumes t sun1 & moon1 & />s are reg>d$ by u z ( no acc\nt4 ,n[1 ) reg>d to ^!1 we ackn[l$ge t !y too are 8wait+ = ! manife/ation ( ! sons ( ,god10 be+ = ! pres5t subject$ to ! 8vanity0 ( _! mat]ial bodies1 8by reason ( ,him :o has subject$ ! same 9 hope40#hij ,b if ,celsus _h read ! innum]able o!r passages :]e we speak ( sun1 moon1 & />s1 & especially ^!1--8,praise ,him1 all ye />s1 & ?\1 ,o light10#hia &1 8,praise ,him1 ye heav5 ( heav5s10--he w\ld n h said ( u t we reg>d su* mighty be+s1 :i* 8greatly praise0 ! ,"l ,god1 z ( no acc\nt4 ,nor did ,celsus "k ! passage3 8,= ! e>ne/ expectation ( ! creature waite? = ! manife/ation ( ! sons ( ,god4 ,= ! creature 0 made subject to vanity1 n will+ly1 b by reason ( ,him :o ha? subject$ ! same 9 hope2 because ! creature itself also %all be deliv]$ f ! bondage ( corruption into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god40#hib ,& ) ^! words let u t]m9ate our def5ce aga9/ ! *>ge ( n wor%ipp+ sun1 moon1 & />s4 ,& let u n[ br+ =w>d ^? /atem5ts ( 8 :i* foll[1 t we may1 ,god will+1 address to him 9 reply su* argum5ts z %all be sugge/$ by ! light ( tru?4 ,footnote #hij3 ,cf4 ,rom4 viii4 #ai-ba4 ,footnote #hia3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cxlviii4 #c4 ,footnote #hib3 ,cf4 ,rom4 viii4 #ai-ba4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,! foll[+1 !n1 are 8 words3 8,x is folly on _! "p to suppose t :5 ,god1 z if ,he 7 a cook1#hic introduces ! fire :i* is to consume ! _w1 all ! re/ ( ! human race w be burnt up1 :ile !y alone w rema91 n only su* ( !m z are !n alive1 b also ^? :o are long s9ce dead1 :i* latt] w arise f ! e>? clo!d ) ! self-same fle% z dur+ life2 = su* a hope is simply "o :i* might be *]i%$ by worms4 ,= :at sort ( human s\l is t :i* w\ld /ill long = a body t _h be5 subject to corruption8 ,:5ce1 also1 ?is op9ion ( y\rs is n %>$ by "s ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & !y pron\nce x to be exce$+ly vile1 & loa?some1 & impossible2 = :at k9d ( body is t :i*1 aft] be+ completely corrupt$1 c return to its orig9al nature1 & to t self-same fir/ condition out ( :i* x fell into dissolution8 ,be+ unable to return any answ]1 !y betake !mselves to a mo/ absurd refuge1 viz4 t all ?+s are possible to ,god4 ,& yet ,god _c d ?+s t are disgraceful1 nor does ,he wi% to d ?+s t are contr>y to ,8 nature2 nor1 if 79 accordance ) ! wick$ness ( y\r own he>t7 y desir$ any?+ t 0 evil1 w\ld ,god accompli% x2 nor mu/ y believe at once t x w be done4 ,= ,god does n rule ! _w 9 ord] to satisfy inord9ate desires1 or to all[ disord] & confusion1 b to gov]n a nature t is upright & j4#hid ,= ! s\l1 inde$1 ,he might be able to provide an ev]la/+ life2 :ile dead bodies1 on ! contr>y1 are1 z ,h]aclitus obs]ves1 m wor?less ?an dung4 ,god1 h[ev]1 nei!r c nor w decl>e1 contr>y to all reason1 t ! fle%1 :i* is full ( ^? ?+s :i* x is n ev5 hon\rable to m5tion1 is to exi/ = ev]4 ,= ,he is ! reason ( all ?+s t exi/1 & !re=e c d no?+ ei!r contr>y to reason or contr>y to ,himself40 ,footnote #hic3 4 ,footnote #hid3 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,obs]ve1 n[1 "h at ! v beg9n+1 h[1 9 ridicul+ ! doctr9e ( a conflagration ( ! _w1 held by c]ta9 ( ! ,greeks :o h treat$ ! subject 9 a philosophic _s n to be depreciat$1 he w\ld make u1 8repres5t+ ,god1 z x 71 z a cook1 hold ! belief 9 a g5]al conflagration20 n p]ceiv+ t1 z c]ta9 ,greeks 7 ( op9ion 7p]haps hav+ receiv$ _! in=mation f ! anci5t nation ( ! ,hebrews71 x is a purificatory fire :i* is br\ght ^u ! _w1 & probably also on ea* "o ( ^? :o /& 9 ne$ ( *a/isem5t by ! fire & heal+ at ! same "t1 see+ x burns inde$1 b does n consume1 ^? :o are )\t a mat]ial body1#hie :i* ne$s to be consum$ by t fire1 & :i* burns & consumes ^? :o by _! actions1 words1 & ?\ghts h built up wood1 or hay1 or /ubble1 9 t :i* is figuratively t]m$ a 8build+40#hif ,& ! ,holy ,scriptures say t ! ,"l w1 l a ref9]'s fire & full]'s soap1#hig visit ea* "o ( ^? :o require purification1 because ( ! int]m+l+ 9 !m ( a flood ( wick$ matt] proce$+ f _! evil nature2 :o ne$ fire1 ,i mean1 to ref9e1 z x 71 ! dross ( ^? :o are int]m+l$ ) copp]1 & t91 & lead4 ,& he :o likes may le>n ?is f ! prophet ,ezekiel4#hih ,b t we say t ,god br+s fire ^u ! _w1 n l a cook1 b l a ,god1 :o is ! b5efactor ( !m :o /& 9 ne$ ( ! discipl9e ( fire1#hii w be te/ifi$ by ! prophet ,isaiah1 9 ^: writ+s x is relat$ t a s9ful nation 0 ?us address$3 8,because ?\ ha/ coals ( fire1 sit ^u !m3 !y %all be to !e a help40#ijj ,n[ ! ,scripture is appropriately adapt$ to ! multitudes ( ^? :o are to p]use x1 because x speaks obscurely ( ?+s t are sad & gloomy1#ija 9 ord] to t]rify ^? :o _c by any o!r means be sav$ f ! flood ( _! s9s1 al?\gh ev5 !n ! att5tive read] w cle>ly discov] ! end t is to be accompli%$ by ^! sad & pa9ful puni%m5ts ^u ^? :o endure !m4 ,x is suffici5t1 h[ev]1 = ! pres5t to quote ! words ( ,isaiah3 8,= my "n's sake w ,i %[ m9e ang]1 & my glory ,i w br+ ^u !e1 t ,i may n de/roy !e40#ijb ,we h ?us be5 "u ! necessity ( ref]r+ 9 obscure t]ms to que/ions n fitt$ to ! capacity ( simple believ]s1 :o require a simpl] in/ruction 9 words1 t we might n appe> to leave unrefut$ ! accusation ( ,celsus1 t 8,god introduces ! fire1 :i* is to de/roy ! _w1 z if ,he 7 a cook40 ,footnote #hie3 4 ,footnote #hif3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ab4 ,footnote #hig3 ,cf4 ,mal4 iii4 #b4 ,footnote #hih3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xxii4 #ah1 #bj4 ,footnote #hii3 4 ,footnote #ijj3 ,cf4 ,isa4 xlvii4 #ad1 #ae4 ,footnote #ija3 4 ,footnote #ijb3 ,cf4 ,isa4 xlviii4 #i 7,septuag9t74 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,f :at has be5 said1 x w be manife/ to intellig5t he>]s h[ we h to answ] ! foll[+3 8,all ! re/ ( ! race w be completely burnt up1 & !y alone w rema940 ,x is n to be wond]$ at1 inde$1 if su* ?\ghts h be5 ent]ta9$ by ^? among/ u :o are call$ 9 ,scripture ! 8fooli% ?+s0 ( ! _w1 & 8base ?+s10 & 8?+s :i* are despis$10 & 8?+s :i* are n10 because 8by ! fooli%ness ( prea*+ x pleas$ ,god to save !m t believe on ,him1 aft] t1 9 ! wisdom ( ,god1 ! _w by wisdom knew n ,god10#ijc--;because su* individuals are unable to see di/9ctly ! s5se ( ea* p>ticul> passage1#ijd or unwill+ to devote ! necess>y leisure to ! inve/igation ( ,scripture1 not)/&+ ! injunction ( ,jesus1 8,se>* ! ,scriptures40#ije ,! foll[+1 moreov]1 are 8 ideas reg>d+ ! fire :i* is to be br\ght ^u ! _w by ,god1 & ! puni%m5ts :i* are to befall s9n]s4 ,& p]haps1 z x is appropriate to *ildr5 t "s ?+s %\ld be address$ to !m 9 a mann] befitt+ _! infantile condition1 to conv]t !m1 z be+ ( v t5d] age1 to a bett] c\rse ( life2 s1 to ^? :om ! ^w t]ms 8! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w10 & 8! base10 & 8! despis$10 ! j & obvi\s mean+ ( ! passages relat+ to puni%m5ts is suitable1 inasmu* z !y _c receive any o!r mode ( conv]sion ?an t :i* is by fe> & ! pres5tation ( puni%m5t1 & ?us be sav$ f ! _m evils :i* w\ld befall !m4#ijf ,! ,scripture accord+ly decl>es t only ^? :o are unsca!d by ! fire & ! puni%m5ts are to rema91--^?1 viz41 ^: op9ions1 & morals1 & m9d h be5 purifi$ to ! highe/ degree2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ^? ( a diff]5t nature--^?1 viz41 :o1 accord+ to _! des]ts1 require ! adm9i/ration ( puni%m5t by fire--w be involv$ 9 ^! suff]+s ) a view to an end :i* x is suitable = ,god to br+ ^u ^? :o h be5 creat$ 9 ,8 image1 b :o h liv$ 9 opposition to ! w ( t nature :i* is accord+ to ,8 image4 ,& ?is is our answ] to ! /atem5t1 8,all ! re/ ( ! race w be completely burnt up1 b !y alone are to rema940 ,footnote #ijc3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #ba4 ,footnote #ijd3 4 ,footnote #ije3 ,cf4 ,john v4 #ci4 ,footnote #ijf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,!n1 9 ! next place1 hav+ ei!r himself misund]/ood ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 or ^? int]pret]s by :om !y 7 n und]/ood1 he proce$s to ass]t t 8x is said by u t !re w rema9 at ! "t ( ! visitation :i* is to come ^u ! _w by ! fire ( purification1 n only ^? :o are !n alive1 b also ^? :o are long ago dead20 n obs]v+ t x is ) a secret k9d ( wisdom t x 0 said by ! apo/le ( ,jesus3 8,we %all n all sleep1 b we %all all be *ang$1 9 a mom5t1 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 at ! la/ trump2 = ! trumpet %all s\nd1 & ! dead %all be rais$ incorruptible1 & we %all be *ang$40#ijg ,n[ he ought to h notic$ :at 0 ! mean+ ( him :o utt]$ ^! words1 z be+ "o :o 0 by no means dead1 :o made a di/9ction betwe5 himself & ^? l him & ! dead1 & :o said aft]w>ds1 8,! dead %all be rais$ incorruptible10 & 8we %all be *ang$40 ,& z a pro( t su* 0 ! apo/le's mean+ 9 writ+ ^? words :i* ,i h quot$ f ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,i w quote also f ! ,fir/ to ! ,!ssalonians1 9 :i* ,paul1 z "o :o is alive & awake1 & diff]5t f ^? :o are asleep1 speaks z foll[s3 8,= ?is we say unto y by ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 t we :o are alive & rema9 unto ! com+ ( ! ,"l1 %all n prev5t !m :o are asleep2 = ! ,"l ,himself %all desc5d f heav5 ) a %\t1 ) ! voice ( ! ar*angel1 & ) ! trump ( ,god40#ijh ,!n1 aga91 aft] ?is1 kn[+ t !re 7 o!rs dead 9 ,*ri/ besides himself & su* z he1 he subjo9s ! words1 8,! dead 9 ,*ri/ %all rise fir/2 !n we :o are alive & rema9 %all be caught up toge!r ) !m 9 ! cl\ds1 to meet ! ,"l 9 ! air40#iji ,footnote #ijg3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ea1 #eb4 ,footnote #ijh3 ,cf4 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #ae1 #af4 ,footnote #iji3 ,cf4 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #af1 #ag4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,b s9ce he has ridicul$ at great l5g? ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection ( ! fle%1 :i* has be5 prea*$ 9 ! *ur*es1 & :i* is m cle>ly und]/ood by ! m intellig5t believ]2 & z x is unnecess>y aga9 to quote 8 words1 :i* h be5 already adduc$1 let u1 ) reg>d to ! problem#iaj 7z 9 an apologetic "w direct$ aga9/ an ali5 f ! fai?1 & = ! sake ( ^? :o are /ill 8*ildr51 toss$ to & fro1 & c>ri$ ab\t ) e w9d ( doctr9e1 by ! sleight ( m51 & cunn+ craft9ess1 :]eby !y lie 9 wait to deceive0#iaa71 /ate & e/abli% to ! be/ ( our ability a few po9ts expressly int5d$ = our read]s4 ,nei!r we1 !n1 nor ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ass]t t ) ! same bodies1 )\t a *ange to a high] condition1 8%all ^? :o 7 long dead arise f ! e>? & live aga920 = 9 s speak+1 ,celsus makes a false *>ge aga9/ u4 ,= we may li/5 to _m passages ( ,scripture treat+ ( ! resurrection 9 a mann] wor?y ( ,god1 al?\gh x may suffice = ! pres5t to quote ! language ( ,paul f ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 :]e he says3 8,b "s man w say1 ,h[ are ! dead rais$ up8 & ) :at body d !y come8 ,?\ fool1 t :i* ?\ s[e/ is n quick5$1 except x die4 ,& t :i* ?\ s[e/1 ?\ s[e/ n t body t %all be1 b b>e gra91 x may *ance ( :eat1 or ( "s o!r gra92 b ,god give? x a body z x ha? pleas$ ,him1 & to e se$ 8 own body40#iab ,n[1 obs]ve h[ 9 ^! words he says t !re is s[n1 8n t body t %all be20 b t ( ! body :i* is s[n & ca/ nak$ into ! e>? 7,god giv+ to ea* se$ its own body71 !re takes place z x 7 a resurrection3 f ! se$ t 0 ca/ into ! gr\nd !re aris+ a /alk1 e4g4 among su* plants z ! foll[+1 viz4 ! mu/>d plant1 or ( a l>g] tree1 z 9 ! olive1#iac or "o ( ! fruit-trees4 ,footnote #iaj3 4 ,footnote #iaa3 ,cf4 ,eph4 iv4 #ad4 ,footnote #iab3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ce-ch4 ,footnote #iac3 4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,god1 !n1 gives to ea* ?+ its own body z ,he pleases3 z 9 ! case ( plants t are s[n1 s also 9 ! case ( ^? be+s :o are1 z x 71 s[n 9 dy+1 & :o 9 due "t receive1 out ( :at has be5 8s[n10 ! body assign$ by ,god to ea* "o accord+ to 8 des]ts4 ,& we may he>1 moreov]1 ! ,scripture tea*+ u at great l5g? ! diff]5ce betwe5 t :i* is1 z x 71 8s[n10 & t :i* is1 z x 71 8rais$0 f x1 9 ^! words3 8,x is s[n 9 corruption1 x is rais$ 9 incorruption2 x is s[n 9 di%on\r1 x is rais$ 9 glory2 x is s[n 9 weakness1 x is rais$ 9 p[]2 x is s[n a natural body1 x is rais$ a spiritual body40#iad ,& let him :o has ! capacity und]/& ! mean+ ( ! words3 8,z is ! e>?y1 su* are !y also t are e>?y2 & z is ! heav5ly1 su* are !y also t are heav5ly4 ,& z we h borne ! image ( ! e>?y1 we %all also be> ! image ( ! heav5ly40#iae ,& al?\gh ! apo/le wi%$ to conceal ! secret mean+ ( ! passage1 :i* 0 n adapt$ to ! simpl] class ( believ]s1 & to ! und]/&+ ( ! common p1 :o are l$ by _! fai? to ent] on a bett] c\rse ( life1 he 0 nev]!less oblig$ aft]w>ds to say 79 ord] t we might n misappreh5d 8 mean+71 aft] 8,let u be> ! image ( ! heav5ly10 ^! words also3 8,n[ ?is ,i say1 bre?r51 t fle% & blood _c inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god2 nei!r do? corruption inh]it incorruption40#iaf ,!n1 kn[+ t !re 0 a secret & my/ical mean+ 9 ! passage1 z 0 becom+ 9 "o :o 0 leav+1 9 8 epi/les1 to ^? :o 7 to come aft] him words full ( significance1 he subjo9s ! foll[+1 8,behold1 ,i %[ y a my/]y20#iag :i* is 8 usual /yle 9 introduc+ matt]s ( a pr(\nd] & m my/ical nature1 & su* z are fitt+ly conceal$ f ! multitude1 z is writt5 9 ! book ( ,tobit3 8,x is good to keep close ! secret ( a k+1 b hon\rable to reveal ! works ( ,god10#iah--;9 a way consi/5t ) tru? & ,god's glory1 & s z to be to ! advantage ( ! multitude4 ,our hope1 !n1 is n 8! hope ( worms1 nor does our s\l long = a body t has se5 corruption20 = al?\gh x may require a body1 = ! sake ( mov+ f place to place1#iai yet x und]/&s 7z hav+ m$itat$ on ! wisdom t is f above1 agreeably to ! decl>ation1 8,! m\? ( ! righte\s w speak wisdom0#ibj7 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! 8e>?ly h\se10 9 :i* is ! tab]nacle ( ! build+ t is to be dissolv$1 & t 9 :i* ! righte\s d groan1 be+ burd5$1--n wi%+ to 8put (f0 ! tab]nacle1 b to be 8clo!d !re)10 t by be+ clo!d ^u1 mortality might be swall[$ up ( life4 ,=1 9 virtue ( ! :ole nature ( ! body be+ corruptible1 ! corruptible tab]nacle mu/ put on incorruption2 & its o!r "p1 be+ mortal1 & becom+ liable to ! dea? :i* foll[s s91 mu/ put on immortality1 9 ord] t1 :5 ! corruptible %all h put on incorruption1 & ! mortal immortality1 !n %all come to pass :at 0 pr$ict$ ( old by ! prophets1--! annihilation ( ! 8victory0 ( dea? 7because x _h conqu]$ & subject$ u to 8 sway71 & ( its 8/+10 ) :i* x /+s ! imp]fectly def5d$ s\l1 & inflicts ^u x ! w\nds :i* result f s94 ,footnote #iad3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #db1 #dc4 ,footnote #iae3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #dh1 #di4 ,footnote #iaf3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #di4 ,footnote #iag3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ej4 ,footnote #iah3 ,cf4 ,tobit xii4 #g4 ,footnote #iai3 4 ,footnote #ibj3 ,cf4 ,ps4 xxxvii4 #cj4 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,b s9ce our views reg>d+ ! resurrection h1 z f> z "t w\ld p]mit1 be5 /at$ 9 "p on ! pres5t occasion 7= we h sy/ematically exam9$ ! subject 9 great] detail 9 o!r p>ts ( our writ+s72 & z n[ we mu/ by means ( s\nd reason+ refute ! fallacies ( ,celsus1 :o nei!r und]/&s ! mean+ ( our ,scripture1 nor has ! capacity ( judg+ t ! mean+ ( our wise m5 is n to be det]m9$ by ^? individuals :o make no pr(ession ( any?+ m ?an ( a simple fai? 9 ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 let u %[ t m51 n to be lightly e/eem$ on acc\nt ( _! reason+ p[]s & dialectic subtleties1 h giv5 expression to v absurd#iba op9ions4 ,& if we mu/ sne]#ibb at !m z contemptible old wives' fables1 x is at !m r ?an at our n>rative t we mu/ sne]4 ,! disciples ( ! ,por* ass]t1 t aft] a p]iod ( ye>s !re w be a conflagration ( ! _w1 & aft] t an arrangem5t ( ?+s 9 :i* ev]y?+ w be un*ang$1 z comp>$ ) ! =m] arrangem5t ( ! _w4 ,^? ( !m1 h[ev]1 :o ev9c$ _! respect = ?is doctr9e h said t !re w be a *ange1 al?\gh exce$+ly slight1 at ! end ( ! cycle1 f :at prevail$ dur+ ! prec$+4 ,& ^! m5 ma9ta91 t 9 ! succe$+ cycle ! same ?+s w occur1 & ,socrates w be aga9 ! son ( ,sophroniscus1 & a native ( ,a!ns2 & ,phn>ete1 be+ m>ri$ to ,sophroniscus1 w aga9 become 8 "m4 ,& al?\gh !y d n m5tion ! ^w 8resurrection10 !y %[ 9 reality t ,socrates1 :o d]iv$ 8 orig9 f se$1 w spr+ f t ( ,sophroniscus1 & w be fa%ion$ 9 ! womb ( ,phn>ete2 & be+ br\ght up at ,a!ns1 w practise ! /udy ( philosophy1 z if 8 =m] philosophy _h aris5 aga91 & 7 to be 9 no respect diff]5t f :at x 0 be=e4 ,anytus & ,melitus1 too1 w arise aga9 z accus]s ( ,socrates1 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,areopagus w condemn him to dea?6 ,b :at is m ridicul\s /ill1 is t ,socrates w clo! himself ) g>m5ts n at all diff]5t f ^? :i* he wore dur+ ! =m] cycle1 & w live 9 ! same un*ang$ /ate ( pov]ty1 & 9 ! same un*ang$ city ( ,a!ns6 ,& ,phal>is w aga9 play ! tyrant1 & 8 braz5 bull w p\r =? its bell[+s f ! voices ( victims )91 un*ang$ f ^? :o 7 condemn$ 9 ! =m] cycle6 ,& ,alex&] ( ,ph]1 too1 w aga9 act ! tyrant ) a cruelty unalt]$ f ! =m] "t1 & w condemn to dea? ! same 8un*ang$0 individuals z be=e4 ,b :at ne$ is !re to g into detail ^u ! doctr9e held by ! ,/oic philosoph]s on su* ?+s1 & :i* escapes ! ridicule ( ,celsus1 & is p]haps ev5 v5]at$ by him1 s9ce he reg>ds ,z5o z a wis] man ?an ,jesus8 ,footnote #iba3 ' 4 ,footnote #ibb3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,! disciples ( ,py?agoras1 too1 & ( ,plato1 al?\gh !y appe> to hold ! incorruptibility ( ! _w1 yet fall into simil> errors4 ,= z ! planets1 aft] c]ta9 def9ite cycles1 assume ! same positions1 & hold ! same relations to "o ano!r1 all ?+s on e>? w1 !y ass]t1 be l :at !y 7 at ! "t :5 ! same /ate ( planet>y relations exi/$ 9 ! _w4 ,f ?is view x necess>ily foll[s1 t :51 aft] ! lapse ( a l5g!n$ cycle1 ! planets come to occupy t[>ds ea* o!r ! same relations :i* !y occupi$ 9 ! "t ( ,socrates1 ,socrates w aga9 be born ( ! same p>5ts1 & suff] ! same treatm5t1 be+ accus$ by ,anytus & ,melitus1 & condemn$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,areopagus6 ,! le>n$ among ! ,egyptians1 moreov]1 hold simil> views1 & yet !y are treat$ ) respect1 & d n incur ! ridicule ( ,celsus & su* z he2 :ile we1 :o ma9ta9 t all ?+s are adm9i/]$ by ,god 9 proportion to ! relation ( ! free-w ( ea* individual1 & are ev] be+ br\ght into a bett] condition1 s f> z !y admit ( be+ s1#ibc & :o "k t ! nature ( our free-w admits ( ! occurr5ce ( cont+5t ev5ts#ibd 7= x is incapable ( receiv+ ! :olly un*angeable "* ( ,god71 yet d n appe> to say any?+ wor?y ( a te/+ exam9ation4 ,footnote #ibc3 4 ,footnote #ibd3 ' 4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,let no "o1 h[ev]1 suspect t1 9 speak+ z we d1 we belong to ^? :o are inde$ call$ ,*ri/ians1 b :o set aside ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection z x is taught 9 ,scripture4 ,= ^! p]sons _c1 s f> z _! pr9ciples apply1 at all e/abli% t ! /alk or tree :i* spr+s up comes f ! gra9 ( :eat1 or any?+ else :i* 0 ca/ into ! gr\nd2 :]eas we1 :o believe t t :i* is 8s[n0 is n 8quick5$0 unless x die1 & t !re is s[n n t body t %all be 7= ,god gives x a body z x pleases ,him1 rais+ x 9 incorruption aft] x is s[n 9 corruption2 & aft] x is s[n 9 di%on\r1 rais+ x 9 glory2 & aft] x is s[n 9 weakness1 rais+ x 9 p[]2 & aft] x is s[n a natural body1 rais+ x a spiritual71--we pres]ve bo? ! doctr9e#ibe ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ & ! gr&eur ( ! div9e promise1 prov+ also ! possibility ( its accompli%m5t n by m]e ass]tion1 b by argum5ts2 kn[+ t al?\gh heav5 & e>?1 & ! ?+s t are 9 !m1 may pass away1 yet ,8 words reg>d+ ea* individual ?+1 be+1 z p>ts ( a :ole1 or species ( a g5us1 ! utt]ances ( ,him :o 0 ,god ! ,^w1 :o 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god1 %all by no means pass away4 ,= we desire to li/5 to ,him :o said3 8,heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 b my words %all n pass away40#ibf ,footnote #ibe3 4 ,footnote #ibf3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #ce2 cf4 ,m>k xiii4 #ca4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,we1 !re=e1 d n ma9ta9 t ! body :i* has und]gone corruption resumes its orig9al nature1 any m ?an ! gra9 ( :eat :i* has decay$ returns to its =m] condition4 ,b we d ma9ta91 t z above ! gra9 ( :eat !re arises a /alk1 s a c]ta9 p[]#ibg is implant$ 9 ! body1 :i* is n de/roy$1 & f :i* ! body is rais$ up 9 incorruption4 ,! philosoph]s ( ! ,por*1 h[ev]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! op9ions :i* !y hold reg>d+ ! un*angeabl5ess ( ?+s aft] a c]ta9 cycle1 ass]t t ! body1 aft] und]go+ complete corruption1 w return to its orig9al condition1 & w aga9 assume t fir/ nature f :i* x pass$ into a /ate ( dissolution1 e/abli%+ ^! po9ts1 z !y ?9k1 by irresi/ible argum5ts4#ibh ,we1 h[ev]1 d n betake ourselves to a mo/ absurd refuge1 say+ t ) ,god all ?+s are possible2 = we "k h[ to und]/& ?is ^w 8all0 z n ref]r+ ei!r to ?+s t are 8non-exi/5t0 or t are inconceivable4 ,b we ma9ta91 at ! same "t1 t ,god _c d :at is disgraceful1 s9ce !n ,he w\ld be capable ( ceas+ to be ,god2 = if ,he d any?+ t is disgraceful1 ,he is n ,god4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 he lays x d[n z a pr9ciple1 t 8,god does n desire :at is contr>y to nature10 we h to make a di/9ction1 & say t if any "o ass]ts t wick$ness is contr>y to nature1 :ile we ma9ta9 t 8,god does n desire :at is contr>y to nature10--ei!r :at spr+s f wick$ness or f an irrational pr9ciple1--yet1 if su* ?+s happ5 accord+ to ! ^w & w ( ,god1 we mu/ at once necess>ily hold t !y are n contr>y to nature4 ,!re=e ?+s :i* are done by ,god1 al?\gh !y may be1 or may appe> to "s to be incr$ible1 are n contr>y to nature4 ,& if we mu/ press ! =ce ( words1#ibi we w\ld say t1 9 comp>ison ) :at is g5]ally und]/ood z 8nature10 !re are c]ta9 ?+s :i* are beyond its p[]1 :i* ,god c\ld at any "t d2 z1 e4g41 9 rais+ man above ! level ( human nature1 & caus+ him to pass into a bett] & m div9e condition1 & pres]v+ him 9 ! same1 s long z he :o is ! object ( ,8 c>e %[s by 8 actions t he desires ! cont9uance ( ,8 help4 ,footnote #ibg3 4 ,footnote #ibh3 4 ,footnote #ibi3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,moreov]1 z we h already said t = ,god to desire any?+ unbecom+ ,himself w\ld be de/ructive ( ,8 exi/5ce z ,deity1 we w add t if man1 agreeably to ! wick$ness ( 8 nature1 %\ld desire any?+ t is abom9able1#icj ,god _c grant x4 ,& n[ x is f no _s ( cont5tion t we answ] ! ass]tions ( ,celsus2 b x is 9 ! _s ( tru? t we inve/igate !m1 z ass5t+ to 8 view t 8,he is ! ,god1 n ( inord9ate desires1 nor ( error & disord]1 b ( a nature j & upright10 because ,he is ! s\rce ( all t is good4 ,& t ,he is able to provide an et]nal life = ! s\l we ackn[l$ge2 & t ,he possesses n only ! 8p[]10 b ! 8w40 ,9 view1 !re=e1 ( ^! consid]ations1 we are n at all di/ress$ by ! ass]tion ( ,h]aclitus1 adopt$ by ,celsus1 t 8dead bodies are to be ca/ out z m wor?less ?an dung20 & yet1 ) ref]5ce ev5 to ?is1 "o might say t dung1 inde$1 ought to be ca/ out1 :ile ! dead bodies ( m51 on acc\nt ( ! s\l by :i* !y 7 inhabit$1 especially if x _h be5 virtu\s1 ought n to be ca/ out4 ,=1 9 h>mony ) ^? laws :i* are bas$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( equity1 bodies are deem$ wor?y ( sepulture1 ) ! hon\rs accord$ on su* occasions1 t no insult1 s f> z c be help$1 may be (f]$ to ! s\l :i* dwelt )91 by ca/+ =? ! body 7aft] ! s\l has dep>t$7 l t ( ! animals4 ,let x n !n be held1 contr>y to reason1 t x is ! w ( ,god to decl>e t ! gra9 ( :eat is n immortal1 b ! /alk :i* spr+s f x1 :ile ! body :i* is s[n 9 corruption is n1 b t :i* is rais$ by ,him 9 incorruption4 ,b accord+ to ,celsus1 ,god ,himself is ! reason ( all ?+s1 :ile accord+ to our view x is ,8 ,son1 ( :om we say 9 philosophic language1 8,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0 ) ,god1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god20#ica :ile 9 our judgm5t also1 ,god _c d any?+ :i* is contr>y to reason1 or contr>y to ,himself4 ,footnote #icj3 4 ,footnote #ica3 ,cf4 ,john i4 #a4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,let u next notice ! /atem5ts ( ,celsus1 :i* foll[ ! prec$+1 & :i* are z foll[3 8,z ! ,jews1 !n1 became a peculi> p1 & enact$ laws 9 keep+ ) ! cu/oms ( _! c\ntry1#icb & ma9ta9 !m up to ! pres5t "t1 & obs]ve a mode ( wor%ip :i*1 :atev] be its nature1 is yet d]iv$ f _! fa!rs1 !y act 9 ^! respects l o!r m51 because ea* nation reta9s its ance/ral cu/oms1 :atev] !y are1 if !y happ5 to be e/abli%$ among !m4 ,& su* an arrangem5t appe>s to be advantage\s1 n only because x has occurr$ to ! m9d ( o!r nations to decide "s ?+s diff]5tly1 b also because x is a duty to protect :at has be5 e/abli%$ = ! public advantage2 & also because1 9 all probability1 ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? 7 f ! beg9n+ allott$ to diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits1#icc & 7 ?us di/ribut$ among c]ta9 gov]n+ p[]s1#icd & 9 ?is mann] ! adm9i/ration ( ! _w is c>ri$ on4 ,& :atev] is done among ea* nation 9 ?is way w\ld be rightly done1 :]ev] x 0 agreeable to ! wi%es ( ! sup]9t5d+ p[]s1 :ile x w\ld be an act ( impiety to get rid (#ice ! in/itutions e/abli%$ f ! beg9n+ 9 ! v>i\s places40 ,by ^! words ,celsus %[s t ! ,jews1 :o 7 =m]ly ,egyptians1 subsequ5tly became a 8peculi> p10 & enact$ laws :i* !y c>efully pres]ve4 ,& n to repeat 8 /atem5ts1 :i* h be5 already be=e u1 he says t x is advantage\s to ! ,jews to obs]ve _! ance/ral wor%ip1 z o!r nations c>efully att5d to !irs4 ,& he fur!r /ates a deep] reason :y x is ( advantage to ! ,jews to cultivate _! ance/ral cu/oms1 9 h9t+ dimly t ^? to :om 0 allott$ ! (fice ( sup]9t5d+ ! c\ntry :i* 0 be+ legislat$ =1 enact$ ! laws ( ea* l& 9 co-op]ation ) its legislators4 ,he appe>s1 !n1 to indicate t bo? ! c\ntry ( ! ,jews1 & ! nation :i* inhabits x1 are sup]9t5d$ by "o or m be+s1 :o1 :e!r !y 7 "o or m1 co-op]at$ ) ,moses1 & enact$ ! laws ( ! ,jews4 ,footnote #icb3 4 ,footnote #icc3 4 ,footnote #icd3 4 ,footnote #ice3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 8,we mu/10 he says1 8obs]ve ! laws1 n only because x has occurr$ to ! m9d ( o!rs to decide "s ?+s diff]5tly1 b because x is a duty to protect :at has be5 enact$ = ! public advantage1 & also because1 9 all probability1 ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? 7 f ! beg9n+ allott$ to diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits1 & 7 di/ribut$ among c]ta9 gov]n+ p[]s1 & 9 ?is mann] ! adm9i/ration ( ! _w is c>ri$ on40 ,?us ,celsus1 z if he _h =gott5 :at he _h said aga9/ ! ,jews1 n[ includes !m 9 ! g5]al eulogy :i* he passes ^u all :o obs]ve _! ance/ral cu/oms1 rem>k+3 8,& :atev] is done among ea* nation 9 ?is way1 w\ld be rightly done :5ev] agreeable to ! wi%es ( ! sup]9t5d5ts40 ,& obs]ve "h1 :e!r he does n op5ly1 s f> z he c1 express a wi% t ! ,jew %\ld live 9 ! obs]vance ( 8 own laws1 & n dep>t f !m1 because he w\ld commit an act ( impiety if he apo/atiz$2 = 8 words are3 8,x w\ld be an act ( impiety to get rid ( ! in/itutions e/abli%$ f ! beg9n+ 9 ! v>i\s places40 ,n[ ,i %\ld l to ask him1 & ^? :o ent]ta9 8 views1 :o x 0 t di/ribut$ ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? f ! beg9n+ among ! diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits2 & especially1 :o gave ! c\ntry ( ! ,jews1 & ! ,jewi% p !mselves1 to ! "o or m sup]9t5d5ts to :om x 0 allott$8 ,0 x1 z ,celsus w\ld say1 ,jupit] :o assign$ ! ,jewi% p & _! c\ntry to a c]ta9 _s or spirits8 ,& 0 x 8 wi%1 to :om !y 7 ?us assign$1 to enact among !m ! laws :i* prevail1 or 0 x aga9/ 8 w t x 0 done8 ,y w obs]ve t1 :atev] be 8 answ]1 he is 9 a /rait4 ,b if ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? 7 n allott$ by "s "o be+ to ! v>i\s sup]9t5d+ spirits1 !n ea* "o at r&om1 & )\t ! sup]9t5d5ce ( a high] p[]1 divid$ ! e>? accord+ to *ance2 & yet su* a view is absurd1 & de/ructive 9 no small degree ( ! provid5ce ( ! ,god :o presides ov] all ?+s4 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,any "o1 inde$1 :o *ooses1 may relate h[ ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>?1 be+ di/ribut$ among c]ta9 gov]n+ p[]s1 are adm9i/]$ by ^? :o sup]9t5d !m2 b let him tell u also h[ :at is done among ea* nation is done rightly :5 agreeable to ! wi%es ( ! sup]9t5d5ts4 ,let him1 = example1 tell u :e!r ! laws ( ! ,scy?ians1 :i* p]mit ! murd] ( p>5ts1 are "r laws2 or ^? ( ! ,p]sians1 :i* d n =bid ! m>riages ( sons ) _! mo!rs1 or ( daught]s ) _! own fa!rs4 ,b :at ne$ is !re = me to make selections f ^? :o h be5 engag$ 9 ! bus9ess ( enact+ laws among ! diff]5t nations1 & to inquire h[ ! laws are rightly enact$ among ea*1 accord+ z !y please ! sup]9t5d+ p[]s8 ,let ,celsus1 h[ev]1 tell u h[ x w\ld be an act ( impiety to get rid ( ^? ance/ral laws :i* p]mit ! m>riages ( mo!rs & daught]s2 or :i* pron\nce a man happy :o puts an end to 8 life by hang+1 or decl>e t !y und]go entire purification :o deliv] !mselves ov] to ! fire1 & :o t]m9ate _! exi/5ce by fire2 & h[ x is an act ( impiety to d away ) ^? laws :i*1 = example1 prevail 9 ! ,tauric ,*]sonese1 reg>d+ ! (f]+ up ( /rang]s 9 sacrifice to ,diana1 or among c]ta9 ( ! ,libyan tribes reg>d+ ! sacrifice ( *ildr5 to ,saturn4 ,moreov]1 ?is inf]5ce foll[s f ! dictum ( ,celsus1 t x is an act ( impiety on ! "p ( ! ,jews to d away ) ^? ance/ral laws :i* =bid ! wor%ip ( any o!r deity ?an ! ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,& x w foll[1 accord+ to 8 view1 t piety is n div9e by its own nature1 b by a c]ta9 ext]nal arrangem5t & appo9tm5t4 ,= x is an act ( piety among c]ta9 tribes to wor%ip a crocodile1 & to eat :at is an object ( adoration among o!r tribes2 :ile1 aga91 ) o!rs x is a pi\s act to wor%ip a calf1 & among o!rs1 aga91 to reg>d ! goat z a god4 ,&1 9 ?is way1 ! same individual w be reg>d$ z act+ pi\sly accord+ to "o set ( laws1 & impi\sly accord+ to ano!r2 & ?is is ! mo/ absurd result t c be conceiv$6 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t to su* rem>ks z ! above1 ! answ] return$ w\ld be1 t he 0 pi\s :o kept ! laws ( 8 own c\ntry1 & n at all *>geable ) impiety = ! non-obs]vance ( ^? ( o!r l&s2 & t1 aga91 he :o 0 deem$ guilty ( impiety among c]ta9 nations 0 n really s1 :5 he wor%ipp$ 8 own gods1 agreeably to 8 c\ntry's laws1 al?\gh he made w> aga9/1 & ev5 fea/$ on1#icf ^? :o 7 reg>d$ z div9ities among ^? nations :i* possess$ laws ( an opposite k9d4 ,n[1 obs]ve "h :e!r ^! /atem5ts d n exhibit ! greate/ confusion ( m9d reg>d+ ! nature ( :at is j1 & holy1 & religi\s2 s9ce !re is no accurate def9ition laid d[n ( ^! ?+s1 nor are !y describ$ z hav+ a peculi> "* ( _! own1 & /amp+ z religi\s ^? :o act accord+ to _! injunctions4 ,if1 !n1 religion1 & piety1 & righte\sness belong to ^? ?+s :i* are s only by comp>ison1 s t ! same act may be bo? pi\s & impi\s1 accord+ to diff]5t relations & diff]5t laws1 see :e!r x w n foll[ t temp]ance#icg also is a ?+ ( comp>ison1 & c\rage z well1 & prud5ce1 & ! o!r virtues1 ?an :i* no?+ c\ld be m absurd6 ,:at we h said1 h[ev]1 is suffici5t = ! m g5]al & simple class ( answ]s to ! allegations ( ,celsus4 ,b z we ?9k x likely t "s ( ^? :o are accu/om$ to deep] inve/igation w fall 9 ) ?is treatise1 let u v5ture to lay d[n "s consid]ations ( a pr(\nd] k9d1 convey+ a my/ical & secret view respect+ ! orig9al di/ribution ( ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? among diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits2 & let u prove to ! be/ ( our ability1 t our doctr9e is free f ! absurd consequ5ces enum]at$ above4 ,footnote #icf3 4 ,footnote #icg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,x appe>s to me1 inde$1 t ,celsus has misund]/ood "s ( ! deep] reasons relat+ to ! arrangem5t ( t]re/rial affairs1 "s ( :i* are t\*$ ^u#ich ev5 9 ,grecian hi/ory1 :5 c]ta9 ( ^? :o are consid]$ to be gods are introduc$ z hav+ cont5d$ ) ea* o!r ab\t ! possession ( ,attica2 :ile 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,greek poets also1 "s :o are call$ gods are repres5t$ z ackn[l$g+ t c]ta9 places "h are pref]r$ by !m#ici be=e o!rs4 ,! hi/ory ( b>b>ian nations1 moreov]1 & especially t ( ,egypt1 conta9s "s su* allusions to ! division ( ! s-call$ ,egyptian nomes1 :5 x /ates t ,a!na1 :o obta9$ ,sas by lot1 is ! same :o also has possession ( ,attica4 ,& ! le>n$ among ! ,egyptians c enum]ate innum]able in/ances ( ?is k9d1 al?\gh ,i d n "k :e!r !y include ! ,jews & _! c\ntry 9 ?is division4 ,& n[1 s f> z te/imonies outside ! ^w ( ,god be>+ on ?is po9t are conc]n$1 en\gh h be5 adduc$ = ! pres5t4 ,we say1 moreov]1 t our prophet ( ,god & ,8 g5u9e s]vant ,moses1 9 8 song 9 ! book ( ,deut]onomy1 makes a /atem5t reg>d+ ! portion+ out ( ! e>? 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,:5 ! ,mo/ ,high divid$ ! nations1 :5 ,he disp]s$ ! sons ( ,adam1 ,he set ! b\nds ( ! p accord+ to ! numb] ( ! angels ( ,god2 & ! ,"l's portion 0 ,8 p ,jacob1 & ,israel ! cord ( ,8 inh]itance40#idj ,& reg>d+ ! di/ribution ( ! nations1 ! same ,moses1 9 8 "w entitl$ ,g5esis1 ?us expresses himself 9 ! /yle ( a hi/orical n>rative3 8,& ! :ole e>? 0 ( "o language & ( "o spee*2 & x came to pass1 z !y j\rney$ f ! ea/1 t !y f\nd a pla9 9 ! l& ( ,%9>1 & !y dwelt !re40#ida ,a little fur!r on he cont9ues3 8,& ! ,"l came d[n to see ! city & ! t[]1 :i* ! *ildr5 ( m5 _h built4 ,& ! ,"l said1 ,behold1 ! p is "o1 & !y h all "o language2 & ?is !y h begun to d3 & n[ no?+ w be re/ra9$ f !m :i* !y h imag9$ to d4 ,g to1 let u g d[n1 & !re conf\nd _! language1 t !y may n und]/& "o ano!r's spee*4 ,& ! ,"l scatt]$ !m abroad f !nce ^u ! face ( all ! e>?3 & !y left (f to build ! city & ! t[]4 ,!re=e is ! "n ( x call$ ,confusion2#idb because ! ,"l did !re conf\nd ! language ( all ! e>?3 & f !nce did ! ,"l scatt] !m abroad ^u ! face ( all ! e>?40#idc ,9 ! treatise ( ,solomon1 moreov]1 on 8,wisdom10 & on ! ev5ts at ! "t ( ! confusion ( languages1 :5 ! division ( ! e>? took place1 we f9d ! foll[+ reg>d+ ,wisdom3 8,moreov]1 ! nations4 9 _! wick$ conspiracy be+ conf\nd$1 %e f\nd out ! righte\s1 & pres]v$ him blameless unto ,god1 & kept him /rong 9 8 t5d] compassion t[>ds 8 son40#idd ,b on ^! subjects mu*1 & t ( a my/ical k9d1 might be said2 9 keep+ ) :i* is ! foll[+3 8,x is good to keep close ! secret ( a k+10#ide--;9 ord] t ! doctr9e ( ! entrance ( s\ls into bodies 7n1 h[ev]1 t ( ! transmigration f "o body into ano!r7 may n be ?r[n be=e ! common und]/&+1 nor :at is holy giv5 to ! dogs1 nor pe>ls be ca/ be=e sw9e4 ,= su* a proc$ure w\ld be impi\s1 be+ equival5t to a betrayal ( ! my/]i\s decl>ations ( ,god's wisdom1 ( :i* x has be5 well said3 8,into a malici\s s\l wisdom %all n ent]1 nor dwell 9 a body subject to s940#idf ,x is suffici5t1 h[ev]1 to repres5t 9 ! /yle ( a hi/oric n>rative :at is int5d$ to convey a secret mean+ 9 ! g>b ( hi/ory1 t ^? :o h ! capacity may "w out = !mselves all t relates to ! subject4 ,footnote #ich3 4 ,footnote #ici3 4 ,footnote #idj3 ,cf4 ,deut4 xxxii4 #h1 #i 7,,lxx474 ,footnote #ida3 ,cf4 ,g54 xi4 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #idb3 4 ,footnote #idc3 ,cf4 ,g54 xi4 #e-i4 ,footnote #idd3 ,cf4 ,wisd4 ( ,sol4 x4 #e4 ,footnote #ide3 ,cf4 ,tobit xii4 #g4 ,footnote #idf3 ,cf4 ,wisd4 ( ,sol4 i4 #d4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,! n>rative1 !n1 may be und]/ood z foll[s4 ,all ! p ^u ! e>? are to be reg>d$ z hav+ us$ "o div9e language1 & s long z !y liv$ h>moni\sly toge!r 7 pres]v$ 9 ! use ( ?is div9e language1 & !y rema9$ )\t mov+ f ! ea/ s long z !y 7 imbu$ ) ! s5tim5ts ( ! 8light10 & ( ! 8reflection0 ( ! et]nal light4#idg ,b :5 !y dep>t$ f ! ea/1 & began to ent]ta9 s5tim5ts ali5 to ^? ( ! ea/1#idh !y f\nd a place 9 ! l& ( ,%9> 7:i*1 :5 int]pret$1 means 8gna%+ ( tee?10 by way ( indicat+ symbolically t !y _h lo/ ! means ( _! support71 & 9 x !y took up _! abode4 ,!n1 desir+ to ga!r toge!r mat]ial ?+s1#idi & to jo9 to heav5 :at _h no natural aff9ity = x1 t by means ( mat]ial ?+s !y might conspire aga9/ su* z 7 immat]ial1 !y said1 8,come1 let u make bricks1 & burn !m ) fire40 ,accord+ly1 :5 !y _h h>d5$ & compact$ ^! mat]ials ( clay & matt]1 & _h %[n _! desire to make brick into /one1 & clay into bitum51 & by ^! means to build a city & a t[]1 ! head ( :i* 01 at lea/ 9 _! conception1 to rea* up to ! heav5s1 aft] ! mann] ( ! 8high ?+s :i* exalt !mselves aga9/ ! k ( ,god10 ea* "o 0 h&$ ov] 79 proportion to ! great] or less dep>ture f ! ea/ :i* _h tak5 place among !m1 & 9 proportion to ! ext5t 9 :i* bricks _h be5 conv]t$ into /ones1 & clay into bitum51 & build+ c>ri$ on out ( ^! mat]ials7 to angels ( "* m or less sev]e1 & ( a nature m or less /]n1 until !y _h paid ! p5alty ( _! d>+ de$s2 & !y 7 conduct$ by ^? angels1 :o impr9t$ on ea* 8 native language1 to ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>? accord+ to _! des]ts3 "s1 = example1 to a region ( burn+ heat1 o!rs to a c\ntry :i* *a/ises its inhabitants by its cold2 o!rs1 aga91 to a l& exce$+ly difficult ( cultivation1 o!rs to "o less s 9 degree2 :ile a fif? 7 br\ght into a l& fill$ ) wild bea/s1 & a six? to a c\ntry comp>atively free ( ^!4 ,footnote #idg3 4 ,footnote #idh3 4 ,footnote #idi3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,n[1 9 ! next place1 if any "o has ! capacity1 let him und]/& t 9 :at assumes ! =m ( hi/ory1 & :i* conta9s "s ?+s t are lit]ally true1 :ile yet x conveys a deep] mean+1 ^? :o pres]v$ _! orig9al language cont9u$1 by reason ( _! n hav+ migrat$ f ! ea/1 9 possession ( ! ea/1 & ( _! ea/]n language4 ,& let him notice1 t ^! alone became ! portion ( ! ,"l1 & ,8 p :o 7 call$ ,jacob1 & ,israel ! cord ( ,8 inh]itance2 & ^! alone 7 gov]n$ by a rul] :o did n receive ^? :o 7 plac$ "u him = ! purpose ( puni%m5t1 z 0 ! case ) ! o!rs4 ,let him also1 :o has ! capacity to p]ceive z f> z mortals may1 obs]ve t 9 ! body politic#iej ( ^? :o 7 assign$ to ! ,"l z ,8 pre-em95t portion1 s9s 7 committ$1 fir/ ( all1 su* z might be =giv51 & ( su* a nature z n to make ! s9n] wor?y ( entire des]tion1 :ile subsequ5tly !y became m num]\s1 ?\gh /ill ( a nature to be p>don$4 ,& :ile rem>k+ t ?is /ate ( matt]s cont9u$ = a consid]able "t1 & t a rem$y 0 always appli$1 & t aft] c]ta9 int]vals ^! p]sons return$ to _! duty1 let him notice t !y 7 giv5 ov]1 9 proportion to _! transgressions1 to ^? to :om _h be5 assign$ ! o!r qu>t]s ( ! e>?2 & t1 aft] be+ at fir/ slightly puni%$1 & hav+ made atonem5t1#iea !y return$1 z if !y _h und]gone discipl9e1#ieb to _! prop] habitations4 ,let him notice also t aft]w>ds !y 7 deliv]$ ov] to rul]s ( a sev]] "*--to ,assyrians & ,babylonians1 z ! ,scriptures w\ld call !m4 ,9 ! next place1 not)/&+ t means ( heal+ 7 be+ appli$1 let him obs]ve t !y 7 /ill multiply+ _! transgressions1 & t !y 7 on t acc\nt disp]s$ into o!r regions by ! rul]s ( ! nations t oppress$ !m4 ,& _! own rul] int5tionally ov]look$ _! oppression at ! h&s ( ! rul]s ( ! o!r nations1 9 ord] t he also ) good reason1 z av5g+ himself1 hav+ obta9$ p[] to te> away f ! o!r nations z _m z he c1 may d s1 & enact = !m laws1 & po9t out a mann] ( life agreeably to :i* !y ought to live1 t s he may conduct !m to ! end to :i* ^? ( ! =m] p 7 conduct$ :o did n commit s94 ,footnote #iej3 4 ,footnote #iea3 4 ,footnote #ieb3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,& by ?is means let ^? :o h ! capacity ( compreh5d+ tru?s s pr(\nd1 le>n t he to :om 7 allott$ ^? :o _h n =m]ly s9n$ is f> m p[]ful ?an ! o!rs1 s9ce he has be5 able to make a selection ( individuals f ! portion ( ! :ole1#iec & to sep>ate !m f ^? :o receiv$ !m = ! purpose ( puni%m5t1 & to br+ !m "u ! influ5ce ( laws1 & ( a mode ( life :i* helps to produce an oblivion ( _! =m] transgressions4 ,b1 z we h previ\sly obs]v$1 ^! rem>ks are to be und]/ood z be+ made by u ) a conceal$ mean+1 by way ( po9t+ out ! mi/akes ( ^? :o ass]t$ t 8! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? 7 f ! beg9n+ di/ribut$ among diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits1 & be+ allott$ among c]ta9 gov]n+ p[]s1 7 adm9i/]$ 9 ?is way20 f :i* /atem5t ,celsus took occasion to make ! rem>ks ref]r$ to4 ,b s9ce ^? :o w&]$ away f ! ea/ 7 deliv]$ ov]1 on acc\nt ( _! s9s1 to 8a reprobate m9d10 & to 8vile affections10 & to 8uncleanness ?r\gh ! lu/s ( _! own he>ts10#ied 9 ord] t1 be+ sat$ ) s91 !y might hate x1 we %all refuse our ass5t to ! ass]tion ( ,celsus1 t 8because ( ! sup]9t5d+ spirits di/ribut$ among ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>?1 :at is done among ea* nation is rightly done20 = our desire is to d :at is n agreeable to ^! spirits4#iee ,= we see t x is a religi\s act to d away ) ! cu/oms orig9ally e/abli%$ 9 ! v>i\s places by means ( laws ( a bett] & m div9e "*1 :i* 7 enact$ by ,jesus1 z "o possess$ ( ! greate/ p[]1 :o has rescu$ u 8f ! pres5t evil _w10 & 8f ! pr9ces ( ! _w t come to n\ght20 & t x is a m>k ( irreligion n to ?r[ ourselves at ! feet ( ,him :o has manife/$ ,himself to be holi] & m p[]ful ?an all o!r rul]s1 & to :om ,god said1 z ! prophets _m g5]ations be=e pr$ict$3 8,ask ( me1 & ,i %all give ,!e ! hea!n = ,?9e inh]itance1 & ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? = ,?y possession40#ief ,= ,he1 too1 has become ! 8expectation0 ( u :o f among ! hea!n h believ$ ^u ,him1 & ^u ,8 ,fa!r1 :o is ,god ov] all ?+s4 ,footnote #iec3 4 ,footnote #ied3 ,cf4 ,rom4 i4 #bd1 #bf1 #bh4 ,footnote #iee3 1 1 4 ,footnote #ief3 ,ps4 ii4 #h4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,! rem>ks :i* we h made n only answ] ! /atem5ts ( ,celsus reg>d+ ! sup]9t5d+ spirits1 b anticipate 9 "s measure :at he aft]w>ds br+s =w>d1 :5 he says3 8,let ! second p>ty come =w>d2 & ,i %all ask !m :5ce !y come1 & :om !y reg>d z ! orig9ator ( _! ance/ral cu/oms4 ,!y w reply1 ,no "o1 because !y spr+ f ! same s\rce z ! ,jews !mselves1 & d]ive _! in/ruction & sup]9t5d5ce#ieg f no o!r qu>t]1 & not)/&+ !y h revolt$ f ! ,jews40 ,ea* "o ( u1 !n1 is come 89 ! la/ days10 :5 "o ,jesus has visit$ u1 to ! 8visible m\nta9 ( ! ,"l10 ! ,^w t is above e ^w1 & to ! 8h\se ( ,god10 :i* is 8! *ur* ( ! liv+ ,god1 ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! tru?40#ieh ,& we notice h[ x is built ^u 8! tops ( ! m\nta9s10 i4e4 ! pr$ictions ( all ! prophets1 :i* are its f\ndations4 ,& ?is h\se is exalt$ above ! hills1 i4e4 ^? individuals among m5 :o make a pr(ession ( sup]ior atta9m5ts 9 wisdom & tru?2 & all ! nations come to x1 & ! 8_m nations0 g =?1 & say to "o ano!r1 turn+ to ! religion :i* 9 ! la/ days has %one =? ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/3 8,come ye1 & let u g up to ! m\nta9 ( ! ,"l1 to ! h\se ( ! ,god ( ,jacob2 & ,he w tea* u ( ,8 ways1 & we w walk 9 !m40#iei ,= ! law came =? f ! dwell]s 9 ,sion1 & settl$ among u z a spiritual law4 ,moreov]1 ! ^w ( ! ,"l came =? f t v ,j]usalem1 t x might be dissem9at$ ?r\gh all places1 & might judge 9 ! mid/ ( ! hea!n1 select+ ^? :om x sees to be submissive1 & reject+#ifj ! disob$i5t1 :o are _m 9 numb]4 ,& to ^? :o inquire ( u :5ce we come1 or :o is our f\nd]1#ifa we reply t we are come1 agreeably to ! c\nsels ( ,jesus1 to 8cut d[n our ho/ile & insol5t #8wordy'#ifb swords into pl\gh%>es1 & to conv]t into prun+-hooks ! spe>s =m]ly employ$ 9 w>40#ifc ,= we no long] take up 8sword aga9/ nation10 nor d we 8le>n w> any m10 hav+ become *ildr5 ( peace1 = ! sake ( ,jesus1 :o is our lead]1 in/ead ( ^? :om our fa!rs foll[$1 among :om we 7 8/rang]s to ! cov5ant10 & hav+ receiv$ a law1 = :i* we give ?anks to ,him t rescu$ u f ! error ( our ways1 say+1 8,our fa!rs hon\r$ ly+ idols1 & !re is n among !m "o t cause? x to ra940#ifd ,our ,sup]9t5d5t1 !n1 & ,tea*]1 hav+ come =? f ! ,jews1 regulates ! :ole _w by ! ^w ( ,8 tea*+4 ,& hav+ made ^! rem>ks by way ( anticipation1 we h refut$ z well z we c\ld ! untrue /atem5ts ( ,celsus1 by subjo9+ ! appropriate answ]4 ,footnote #ieg3 4 ,footnote #ieh3 ,cf4 #a ,tim4 iii4 #ae4 ,footnote #iei3 ,cf4 ,isa4 ii4 #c4 ,footnote #ifj3 4 ,footnote #ifa3 4 ,footnote #ifb3 1 4 ,footnote #ifc3 ,cf4 ,isa4 ii4 #d4 ,footnote #ifd3 ,cf4 ,j]4 xvi4 #ai & xiv4 #bb3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,b1 t we may n pass )\t notice :at ,celsus has said betwe5 ^! & ! prec$+ p>agraphs1 let u quote 8 words3 8,we might adduce ,h]odotus z a witness on ?is po9t1 = he expresses himself z foll[s3 #8,= ! p ( ! cities ,m>ea & ,apis1 :o inhabit ^? p>ts ( ,egypt t are adjac5t to ,libya1 & :o look ^u !mselves z ,libyans1 & n z ,egyptians1 f9d+ _! sacrificial wor%ip oppressive1 & wi%+ n to be exclud$ f ! use ( c[s' fle%1 s5t to ! oracle ( ,jupit] ,ammon1 say+ t !re 0 no relation%ip betwe5 !m & ! ,egyptians1 t !y dwelt outside ! ,delta1 t !re 0 no community ( s5tim5t betwe5 !m & ! ,egyptians1 & t !y wi%$ to be all[$ to p>take ( all k9ds ( food4 ,b ! god w\ld n all[ !m to d z !y desir$1 say+ t t c\ntry 0 a "p ( ,egypt1 :i* 0 wat]$ by ! inundation ( ! ,nile1 & t ^? 7 ,egyptians :o dwell to ! s\? ( ! city ( ,elephant9e1 & dr9k ( ! riv] ,nile4'#ife ,su* is ! n>rative ( ,h]odotus4 ,b10 cont9ues ,celsus1 8,ammon 9 div9e ?+s w\ld n make a worse ambassador ?an ! angels ( ! ,jews1#iff s t !re is no?+ wrong 9 ea* nation obs]v+ its e/abli%$ me?od ( wor%ip4 ,( a tru?1 we %all f9d v great diff]5ces prevail+ among ! nations1 & yet ea* seems to deem its own by f> ! be/4 ,^? inhabitants ( ,e?iopia :o dwell 9 ,m]oe wor%ip ,jupit] & ,bac*us alone2 ! ,arabians1 ,urania & ,bac*us only2 all ! ,egyptians1 ,osiris & ,isis2 ! ,sates1 ,m9]va2 :ile ! ,naucratites h rec5tly class$ ,s]apis among _! deities1 & ! re/ accord+ to _! respective laws4 ,& "s ab/a9 f ! fle% ( %eep1 & o!rs f t ( crocodiles2 o!rs1 aga91 f t ( c[s1 :ile !y reg>d sw9e's fle% ) loa?+4 ,! ,scy?ians1 inde$1 reg>d x z a noble act to banquet ^u human be+s4 ,among ! ,indians1 too1 !re are "s :o deem !mselves dis*>g+ a holy duty 9 eat+ _! fa!rs1 & ?is is m5tion$ 9 a c]ta9 passage by ,h]odotus4 ,= ! sake ( cr$ibility1 ,i %all aga9 quote 8 v words1 = he writes z foll[s3 #8,= if any "o 7 to make ?is proposal to all m51 viz4 to bid him select out ( all exi/+ laws ! be/1 ea* w\ld *oose1 aft] exam9ation1 ^? ( 8 own c\ntry4 ,m5 ea* consid] _! own laws mu* ! be/1 & !re=e x is n likely t any o!r ?an a madman w\ld make ^! ?+s a subject ( ridicule4 ,b t su* are ! conclusions ( all m5 reg>d+ ! laws1 may be det]m9$ by _m o!r evid5ces1 & especially by ! foll[+ illu/ration4 ,d>ius1 dur+ 8 reign1 hav+ summon$ be=e him ^? ,greeks :o happ5$ to be pres5t at ! "t1 inquir$ ( !m = h[ mu* !y w\ld be will+ to eat _! deceas$ fa!rs2 _! answ] 01 t = no consid]ation w\ld !y d su* a ?+4 ,aft] ?is1 ,d>ius summon$ ^? ,indians :o are call$ ,callatians1 :o are 9 ! habit ( eat+ _! p>5ts1 & ask$ ( !m 9 ! pres5ce ( ^! ,greeks1 :o le>n$ :at pass$ ?r\gh an int]pret]1 = :at am\nt ( money !y w\ld und]take to burn _! deceas$ fa!rs ) fire2 on :i* !y rais$ a l\d %\t1 & bade ! k+ say no m4'#ifg ,su* is ! way1 !n1 9 :i* ^! matt]s are reg>d$4 ,& ,p9d> appe>s to me to be "r 9 say+ t #8law' is ! k+ ( all ?+s40#ifh ,footnote #ife3 ,cf4 ,h]odot4 ii4 #ah4 ,footnote #iff3 1 4 ,footnote #ifg3 4 ,footnote #ifh3 ,cf4 ,h]odot4 iii4 #ch4 ,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,! argum5t ( ,celsus appe>s to po9t by ^! illu/rations to ?is conclusion3 t x is 8an obligation incumb5t on all m5 to live accord+ to _! c\ntry's cu/oms1 9 :i* case !y w escape c5sure2 :]eas ! ,*ri/ians1 :o h ab&on$ _! native usages1 & :o are n "o nation l ! ,jews1 are to be blam$ = giv+ _! adh]5ce to ! tea*+ ( ,jesus40 ,let him !n tell u :e!r x is a becom+ ?+ = philosoph]s1 & ^? :o h be5 taught n to yield to sup]/ition1 to ab&on _! c\ntry's cu/oms1 s z to eat ( ^? articles ( food :i* are prohibit$ 9 _! respective cities8 or :e!r ?is proce$+ ( !irs is oppos$ to :at is becom+8 ,= if1 on acc\nt ( _! philosophy1 & ! in/ructions :i* !y h receiv$ aga9/ sup]/ition1 !y %\ld eat1 9 disreg>d ( _! native laws1 :at 0 int]dict$ by _! fa!rs1 :y %\ld ! ,*ri/ians 7s9ce ! gospel requires !m n to busy !mselves ab\t /atues & images1 or ev5 ab\t any ( ! creat$ works ( ,god1 b to asc5d on high1 & pres5t ! s\l to ! ,creator71 :5 act+ 9 a simil> mann] to ! philosoph]s1 be c5sur$ = s do+8 ,b if1 = ! sake ( def5d+ ! !ses :i* he has propos$ to himself1 ,celsus1 or ^? :o ?9k ) him1 %\ld say1 t ev5 "o :o _h /udi$ philosophy w\ld keep 8 c\ntry's laws1 !n philosoph]s 9 ,egypt1 = example1 w\ld act mo/ ridicul\sly 9 avoid+ ! eat+ ( onions1 9 ord] to obs]ve _! c\ntry's laws1 or c]ta9 p>ts ( ! body1 z ! head & %\ld]s1 9 ord] n to transgress ! traditions ( _! fa!rs4 ,& ,i d n speak ( ^? ,egyptians :o %udd] ) fe> at ! dis*>ge ( w9d f ! body1 because if any "o ( ^! 7 to become a philosoph]1 & /ill obs]ve ! laws ( 8 c\ntry1 he w\ld be a ridicul\s philosoph]1 act+ v unphilosophically4#ifi ,9 ! same way1 !n1 he :o has be5 l$ by ! gospel to wor%ip ! ,god ( all ?+s1 &1 f reg>d to 8 c\ntry's laws1 l+]s "h bel[ among images & /atues ( m51 & does n desire to asc5d to ! ,creator1 w resemble ^? :o h inde$ le>n$ philosophy1 b :o are afraid ( ?+s :i* ought to inspire no t]rors1 & :o reg>d x z an act ( impiety to eat ( ^? ?+s :i* h be5 enum]at$4 ,footnote #ifi3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,b :at sort ( be+ is ?is ,ammon ( ,h]odotus1 ^: words ,celsus has quot$1 z if by way ( demon/rat+ h[ ea* "o ought to keep 8 c\ntry's laws8 ,= ?is ,ammon w\ld n all[ ! p ( ! cities ( ,m>ea & ,apis1 :o inhabit ! di/ricts adjac5t to ,libya1 to treat z a matt] ( indiff]5ce ! use ( c[s' fle%1 :i* is a ?+ n only indiff]5t 9 its own nature1 b :i* does n prev5t a man f be+ noble & virtu\s4 ,if ,ammon1 !n1 =bade ! use ( c[s' fle%1 because ( ! advantage :i* results f ! use ( ! animal 9 ! cultivation ( ! gr\nd1 & 9 addition to ?is1 because x is by ! female t ! bre$ is increas$1 ! acc\nt w\ld possess m plausibility4 ,b n[ he simply requires t ^? :o dr9k ( ! ,nile %\ld obs]ve ! laws ( ! ,egyptians reg>d+ k9e4 ,& h]eupon ,celsus1 tak+ occasion to pass a je/ ^u ! employm5t ( ! angels among ! ,jews z ! ambassadors ( ,god1 says t 8,ammon did n make a worse ambassador ( div9e ?+s ?an did ! angels ( ! ,jews10 into ! mean+ ( ^: words & manife/ations he in/itut$ no inve/igation2 o!rwise he w\ld h se51 t x is n = ox5 t ,god is conc]n$1 ev5 :]e ,he may appe> to legislate = !m1 or = irrational animals1 b t :at is writt5 = ! sake ( m51 "u ! appe>ance ( relat+ to irrational animals1 conta9s c]ta9 tru?s ( nature4#igj ,celsus1 moreov]1 says t no wrong is committ$ by any "o :o wi%es to obs]ve ! religi\s wor%ip sanction$ by ! laws ( 8 c\ntry2 & x foll[s1 accord+ to 8 view1 t ! ,scy?ians commit no wrong1 :51 9 con=mity ) _! c\ntry's laws1 !y eat human be+s4 ,& ^? ,indians :o eat _! own fa!rs are consid]$1 accord+ to ,celsus1 to d a religi\s1 or at lea/ n a wick$ act4 ,he adduces1 inde$1 a /atem5t ( ,h]odotus :i* fav\rs ! pr9ciple t ea* "o ought1 f a s5se ( :at is becom+1 to obey 8 c\ntry's laws2 & he appe>s to approve ( ! cu/om ( ^? ,indians call$ ,callatians1 :o 9 ! "t ( ,d>ius dev\r$ _! p>5ts1 s9ce1 on ,d>ius inquir+ = h[ great a sum ( money !y w\ld be will+ to lay aside ?is usage1 !y rais$ a l\d %\t1 & bade ! k+ say no m4 ,footnote #igj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,z !re are1 !n1 g5]ally two laws pres5t$ to u1 ! "o be+ ! law ( nature1 ( :i* ,god w\ld be ! legislator1 & ! o!r be+ ! writt5 law ( cities1 x is a prop] ?+1 :5 ! writt5 law is n oppos$ to t ( ,god1 = ! citiz5s n to ab&on x "u pretext ( =eign cu/oms2 b :5 ! law ( nature1 t is1 ! law ( ,god1 comm&s :at is oppos$ to ! writt5 law1 obs]ve :e!r reason w n tell u to bid a long f>ewell to ! writt5 code1 & to ! desire ( its legislators1 & to give ourselves up to ! legislator ,god1 & to *oose a life agreeable to ,8 ^w1 al?\gh 9 do+ s x may be necess>y to enc\nt] dang]s1 & c\ntless lab\rs1 & ev5 dea? & di%on\r4 ,= :5 !re are "s laws 9 h>mony ) ! w ( ,god1 :i* are oppos$ to o!rs :i* are 9 =ce 9 cities1 & :5 x is impracticable to please ,god 7& ^? :o adm9i/] laws ( ! k9d ref]r$ to71 x w\ld be absurd to contemn ^? acts by means ( :i* we may please ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 & to select ^? by :i* we %all become displeas+ to ,god1 ?\gh we may satisfy unholy laws1 & ^? :o love !m4 ,b s9ce x is reasonable 9 o!r matt]s to pref] ! law ( nature1 :i* is ! law ( ,god1 be=e ! writt5 law1 :i* has be5 enact$ by m5 9 a _s ( opposition to ! law ( ,god1 :y %\ld we n d ?is /ill m 9 ! case ( ^? laws :i* relate to ,god8 ,nei!r %all we1 l ! ,e?iopians :o inhabit ! p>ts ab\t ,m]oe1 wor%ip1 z is _! pleasure1 ,jupit] & ,bac*us only2 nor %all we at all rev]5ce ,e?iopian gods 9 ! ,e?iopian mann]2 nor1 l ! ,arabians1 %all we reg>d ,urania & ,bac*us alone z div9ities2 nor 9 any degree at all deities 9 :i* ! diff]5ce ( sex has be5 a gr\nd ( di/9ction 7z among ! ,arabians1 :o wor%ip ,urania z a female1 & ,bac*us z a male deity72 nor %all we1 l all ! ,egyptians1 reg>d ,osiris & ,isis z gods2 nor %all we enum]ate ,a!na among ^!1 z ! ,sates are pleas$ to d4 ,& if to ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,naucratis x seem$ good to wor%ip o!r div9ities1 :ile _! mod]n desc5dants h begun q rec5tly to pay rev]5ce to ,s]apis1 :o nev] 0 a god at all1 we %all n on t acc\nt ass]t t a new be+ :o 0 n =m]ly a god1 nor at all kn[n to m51 is a deity4 ,= ! ,son ( ,god1 8! ,fir/-born ( all creation10 al?\gh ,he seem$ rec5tly to h become inc>nate1 is n by any means on t acc\nt rec5t4 ,= ! ,holy ,scriptures "k ,him to be ! mo/ anci5t ( all ! works ( creation2#iga = x 0 to ,him t ,god said reg>d+ ! creation ( man1 8,let u make man 9 our image1 aft] our lik5ess40#igb ,footnote #iga3 4 ,footnote #igb3 ,cf4 ,g54 i4 #bf4 ,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,i wi%1 h[ev]1 to %[ h[ ,celsus ass]ts )\t any good reason1 t ea* "o rev]es 8 dome/ic & native in/itutions4 ,= he decl>es t 8^? ,e?iopians :o inhabit ,m]oe "k only ( two gods1 ,jupit] & ,bac*us1 & wor%ip ^! alone2 & t ! ,arabians also "k only ( two1 viz4 ,bac*us1 :o is also an ,e?iopian deity1 & ,urania1 ^: wor%ip is conf9$ to !m40 ,accord+ to 8 acc\nt1 nei!r d ! ,e?iopians wor%ip ,urania1 nor ! ,arabians ,jupit]4 ,if1 !n1 an ,e?iopian 7 f any accid5t to fall into ! h&s ( ! ,arabians1 & 7 to be judg$ guilty ( impiety because he did n wor%ip ,urania1 & = ?is reason %\ld incur ! dang] ( dea?1 w\ld x be prop] = ! ,e?iopian to die1 or to act contr>y to 8 c\ntry's laws1 & d obeisance to ,urania8 ,n[1 if x w\ld be prop] = him to act contr>y to ! laws ( 8 c\ntry1 he w d :at is n "r1 s f> z ! language ( ,celsus is any /&>d2 :ile1 if he %\ld be l$ away to dea?1 let him %[ ! reasonabl5ess ( select+ su* a fate4 ,i "k n :e!r1 if ! ,e?iopian doctr9e taught m5 to philosophize on ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & ! hon\r :i* is paid to religion1 !y w\ld rev]5ce ^? z deities :o are deem$ to be su* by ! laws ( ! c\ntry4#igc ,a simil> illu/ration may be employ$ 9 ! case ( ! ,arabians1 if f any accid5t !y happ5$ to visit ! ,e?iopians ab\t ,m]oe4 ,=1 hav+ be5 taught to wor%ip ,urania & ,bac*us alone1 !y w n wor%ip ,jupit] along ) ! ,e?iopians2 & if1 adjudg$ guilty ( impiety1 !y %\ld be l$ away to dea?1 let ,celsus tell u :at x w\ld be reasonable on _! "p to d4 ,& ) reg>d to ! fables :i* relate to ,osiris & ,isis1 x is sup]flu\s & out ( place at pres5t to enum]ate !m4 ,= al?\gh an allegorical mean+ may be giv5 to ! fables1 !y w nev]!less tea* u to (f] div9e wor%ip to cold wat]1 & to ! e>?1 :i* is subject to m51 & all ! animal creation4 ,= 9 ?is way1 ,i presume1 !y ref] ,osiris to wat]1 & ,isis to e>?2 :ile ) reg>d to ,s]apis ! acc\nts are num]\s & conflict+1 to ! effect t v rec5tly he appe>$ 9 public1 agreeably to c]ta9 juggl+ tricks p]=m$ at ! desire ( ,ptolemy1 :o wi%$ to %[ to ! p ( ,alex&ria z x 7 a visible god4 ,& we h read 9 ! writ+s ( ,num5ius ! ,py?agorean reg>d+ 8 =mation1 t he p>takes ( ! ess5ce ( all ! animals & plants t are "u ! control ( nature1 t he may appe> to h be5 fa%ion$ into a god1 n by ! mak]s ( images alone1 ) ! aid ( pr(ane my/]ies1 & juggl+ tricks employ$ to invoke demons1 b also by magicians & sorc]]s1 & ^? demons :o are bewit*$ by _! incantations4#igd ,footnote #igc3 ,?is s5t5ce is reg>d$ by ,guietus z an int]polation1 :i* %\ld be /ruck out ( ! text4 ,footnote #igd3 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,we mu/ !re=e inquire :at may be fitt+ly eat5 or n by ! rational & g5tle#ige animal1 :i* acts always 9 con=mity ) reason2 & n wor%ip at r&om1 %eep1 or goats1 or k9e2 to ab/a9 f :i* is an act ( mod]ation1#igf = mu* advantage is d]iv$ by m5 f ^! animals4 ,:]eas1 is x n ! mo/ fooli% ( all ?+s to sp>e crocodiles1 & to treat !m z sacr$ to "s fabul\s div9ity or o!r8 ,= x is a m>k ( exce$+ /upidity to sp>e ^? animals :i* d n sp>e u1 & to be/[ c>e on ^? :i* make a prey ( human be+s4 ,b ,celsus approves ( ^? :o1 9 keep+ ) ! laws ( _! c\ntry1 wor%ip & t5d crocodiles1 & n a ^w does he say aga9/ !m1 :ile ! ,*ri/ians appe> des]v+ ( c5sure1 :o h be5 taught to loa? evil1 & to turn away f wick$ works1 & to rev]5ce & hon\r virtue z be+ g5]at$ by ,god1 & z be+ ,8 ,son4 ,= we mu/ n1 on acc\nt ( _! fem99e "n & nature1 reg>d wisdom & righte\sness z females2#igg = ^! ?+s are 9 our view ! ,son ( ,god1 z ,8 g5u9e disciple has %[n1 :5 he said ( ,him1 8,:o ( ,god is made to u wisdom1 & righte\sness1 & sanctification1 & r$emption40#igh ,& al?\gh we may call ,him a 8second0 ,god1 let m5 "k t by ! t]m 8second ,god0 we mean no?+ else ?an a virtue capable ( includ+ all o!r virtues1 & a reason capable ( conta9+ all reason :atsoev] :i* exi/s 9 all ?+s1 :i* h aris5 naturally1 directly1 & = ! g5]al advantage1 & :i* 8reason10 we say1 dwelt 9 ! s\l ( ,jesus1 & 0 unit$ to ,him 9 a degree f> above all o!r s\ls1 see+ ,he alone 0 enabl$ completely to receive ! highe/ %>e 9 ! absolute reason1 & ! absolute wisdom1 & ! absolute righte\sness4 ,footnote #ige3 4 ,footnote #igf3 4 ,footnote #igg3 1 1 4 ,footnote #igh3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #cj4 ,*apt] ,,xl4 ,b s9ce1 aft] ,celsus _h spok5 to ! above effect ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( laws1 he adds ! foll[+ rem>k1 8,p9d> appe>s to me to be correct 9 say+ t law is k+ ( all ?+s10 let u proce$ to discuss ?is ass]tion4 ,:at law d y mean to say1 good sir1 is 8k+ ( all ?+s80 ,if y mean ^? :i* exi/ 9 ! v>i\s cities1 !n su* an ass]tion is n true4 ,= all m5 are n gov]n$ by ! same law4 ,y ought to h said t 8laws are k+s ( all m510 = 9 e nation "s law is k+ ( all4 ,b if y mean t :i* is law 9 ! prop] s5se1 !n x is ?is :i* is by nature 8k+ ( all ?+s20 al?\gh !re are "s individuals :o1 hav+ l robb]s ab&on$ ! law1 d5y its validity1 & live lives ( viol5ce & inju/ice4 ,we ,*ri/ians1 !n1 :o h come to ! k ( ! law :i* is by nature 8k+ ( all ?+s10 & :i* is ! same ) ! law ( ,god1 endeav\r to regulate our lives by its prescriptions1 hav+ bidd5 a long f>ewell to ^? ( an unholy k9d4 ,*apt] ,,xli4 ,let u notice ! *>ges :i* are next advanc$ by ,celsus1 9 :i* !re is exce$+ly little t has ref]5ce to ! ,*ri/ians1 z mo/ ( !m ref] to ! ,jews4 ,8 words are3 8,if1 !n1 9 ^! respects ! ,jews 7 c>efully to pres]ve _! own law1 !y are n to be blam$ = s do+1 b ^? p]sons r :o h =sak5 _! own usages1 & adopt$ ^? ( ! ,jews4 ,& if !y pride !mselves on x1 z be+ possess$ ( sup]ior wisdom1 & keep alo( f int]c\rse ) o!rs1 z n be+ equally pure ) !mselves1 !y h already he>d t _! doctr9e conc]n+ heav5 is n peculi> to !m1 b1 to pass by all o!rs1 is "o :i* has long ago be5 receiv$ by ! ,p]sians1 z ,h]odotus some:]e m5tions4 #8,= !y h a cu/om1' he says1 #8( go+ up to ! tops ( ! m\nta9s1 & ( (f]+ sacrifices to ,jupit]1 giv+ ! "n ( ,jupit] to ! :ole circle ( ! heav5s4'#igi ,& ,i ?9k10 cont9ues ,celsus1 8t x makes no diff]5ce :e!r y call ! highe/ be+ ,zeus1 or ,z51 or ,adonai1 or ,sabao?1 or ,amm\n l ! ,egyptians1 or ,pappu l ! ,scy?ians4 ,nor w\ld !y be deem$ at all holi] ?an o!rs 9 ?is respect1 t !y obs]ve ! rite ( circumcision1 = ?is 0 done by ! ,egyptians & ,col*ians be=e !m2 nor because !y ab/a9 f sw9e's fle%1 = ! ,egyptians practis$ ab/95ce n only f x1 b f ! fle% ( goats1 & %eep1 & ox51 & fi%es z well2 :ile ,py?agoras & 8 disciples d n eat beans1 nor any?+ t conta9s life4 ,x is n probable1 h[ev]1 t !y enjoy ,god's fav\r1 or are lov$ by ,him diff]5tly f o!rs1 or t angels 7 s5t f heav5 to !m alone1 z if !y _h _h allott$ to !m #8"s region ( ! bless$1'#ihj = we see bo? !mselves & ! c\ntry ( :i* !y 7 deem$ wor?y4 ,let ?is b&1#iha !n1 take its dep>ture1 aft] pay+ ! p5alty ( its vaunt+1 n hav+ a k ( ! great ,god1 b be+ l$ away & deceiv$ by ! artifices ( ,moses1 hav+ become 8 pupil to no good end40 ,footnote #igi3 ,cf4 ,h]odot4 i4 #ace4 ,footnote #ihj3 4 ,footnote #iha3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,x is evid5t t1 by ! prec$+ rem>ks1 ,celsus *>ges ! ,jews ) falsely giv+ !mselves out z ! *os5 portion ( ! ,supreme ,god above all o!r nations4 ,& he accuses !m ( boa/+1 because !y gave out t !y knew ! great ,god1 al?\gh !y did n really "k ,him1 b 7 l$ away by ! artifices ( ,moses1 & 7 deceiv$ by him1 & became 8 disciples to no good end4 ,n[ we h 9 ! prec$+ pages already spok5 9 "p ( ! v5]able & di/+ui%$ polity ( ! ,jews1 :5 x exi/$ among/ !m z a symbol ( ! city ( ,god1 & ( ,8 temple1 & ( ! sacrificial wor%ip (f]$ 9 x & at ! alt> ( sacrifice4 ,b if any "o 7 to turn 8 att5tion to ! mean+ ( ! legislator1 & to ! con/itution :i* he e/abli%$1 & 7 to exam9e ! v>i\s po9ts relat+ to him1 & comp>e !m ) ! pres5t me?od ( wor%ip among o!r nations1 !re are none :i* he w\ld admire to a great] degree2 because1 s f> z c be accompli%$ among mortals1 ev]y?+ t 0 n ( advantage to ! human race 0 )held f !m1 & only ^? ?+s :i* are useful be/[$4 ,& = ?is reason !y _h nei!r gymna/ic conte/s1 nor sc5ic repres5tations1 nor horse-races2 nor 7 !re among !m wom5 :o sold _! beauty to any "o :o wi%$ to h sexual int]c\rse )\t (fspr+1 & to ca/ contempt ^u ! nature ( human g5]ation4 ,& :at an advantage 0 x to be taught f _! t5d] ye>s to asc5d above all visible nature1 & to hold ! belief t ,god 0 n fix$ any:]e )9 its limits1 b to look = ,him on high1 & beyond ! sph]e ( all bodily sub/ance6#ihb ,& h[ great 0 ! advantage :i* !y enjoy$ 9 be+ in/ruct$ almo/ f _! bir?1 & z soon z !y c\ld speak1#ihc 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & 9 ! exi/5ce ( c\rts ( ju/ice "u ! e>?1 & 9 ! rew>ds provid$ = ^? :o h liv$ righte\s lives6 ,^! tru?s1 inde$1 7 proclaim$ 9 ! veil ( fable to *ildr51 & to ^? ^: views ( ?+s 7 *ildi%2 :ile to ^? :o 7 already occupi$ 9 inve/igat+ ! tru?1 & desir\s ( mak+ progress !re91 ^! fables1 s to speak1 7 transfigur$ into ! tru?s :i* 7 conceal$ )9 !m4 ,& ,i consid] t x 0 9 a mann] wor?y ( _! "n z ! 8portion ( ,god0 t !y despis$ all k9ds ( div9ation1 z t :i* bewit*es m5 to no purpose1 & :i* proce$s r f wick$ demons ?an f any?+ ( a bett] nature2 & s\ght ! k ( future ev5ts 9 ! s\ls ( ^? :o1 ow+ to _! high degree ( purity1 receiv$ ! _s ( ! ,supreme ,god4 ,footnote #ihb3 4 ,footnote #ihc3 4 ,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,b :at ne$ is !re to po9t out h[ agreeable to s\nd reason1 & unatt5d$ ) injury ei!r to ma/] or slave1 0 ! law t "o ( ! same fai?#ihd %\ld n be all[$ to cont9ue 9 slav]y m ?an six ye>s8#ihe ,! ,jews1 !n1 _c be said to pres]ve _! own law 9 ! same po9ts ) ! o!r nations4 ,= x w\ld be c5surable 9 !m1 & w\ld involve a *>ge ( ins5sibility to ! sup]iority ( _! law1 if !y 7 to believe t !y _h be5 legislat$ = 9 ! same way z ! o!r nations among ! hea!n4 ,& al?\gh ,celsus w n admit x1 ! ,jews nev]!less are possess$ ( a wisdom sup]ior n only to t ( ! multitude1 b also ( ^? :o h ! appe>ance ( philosoph]s2 because ^? :o engage 9 philosophical pursuits1 aft] ! utt]ance ( ! mo/ v5]able philosophical s5tim5ts1 fall away into ! wor%ip ( idols & demons1 :]eas ! v l[e/ ,jew directs 8 look to ! ,supreme ,god alone2 & !y d well1 inde$1 s f> z ?is po9t is conc]n$1 to pride !mselves !reon1 & to keep alo( f ! society ( o!rs z accurs$ & impi\s4 ,& w\ld t !y _h n s9n$1 & transgress$ ! law1 & sla9 ! prophets 9 =m] times1 & 9 ^! latt] days conspir$ aga9/ ,jesus1 t we might be 9 possession ( a patt]n ( a heav5ly city :i* ev5 ,plato w\ld h s\ght to describe2 al?\gh ,i d\bt :e!r he c\ld h accompli%$ z mu* z 0 done by ,moses & ^? :o foll[$ him1 :o n\ri%$ a 8*os5 g5]ation10 & 8a holy nation10 d$icat$ to ,god1 ) words free f all sup]/ition4 ,footnote #ihd3 4 ,footnote #ihe3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xxi4 #b & ,j]4 xxxiv4 #ad4 ,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,b z ,celsus w\ld comp>e ! v5]able cu/oms ( ! ,jews ) ! laws ( c]ta9 nations1 let u proce$ to look at !m4 ,he is ( op9ion1 accord+ly1 t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! doctr9e reg>d+ 8heav50 & t reg>d+ 8,god20 & he says t 8! ,p]sians1 l ! ,jews1 (f] sacrifices to ,jupit] ^u ! tops ( ! m\nta9s10--n obs]v+ t1 z ! ,jews 7 acqua9t$ ) "o ,god1 s !y _h only "o holy h\se ( pray]1 & "o alt> ( :ole burnt-(f]+s1 & "o c5s] = inc5se1 & "o high prie/ ( ,god4 ,! ,jews1 !n1 _h no?+ 9 common ) ! ,p]sians1 :o asc5d ! summits ( _! m\nta9s1 :i* are _m 9 numb]1 & (f] up sacrifices :i* h no?+ 9 common ) ^? :i* are regulat$ by ! ,mosaic code1--9 con=mity to :i* ! ,jewi% prie/s 8s]v$ unto ! example & %ad[ ( heav5ly ?+s10 expla9+ enigmatically ! object ( ! law reg>d+ ! sacrifices1 & ! ?+s ( :i* ^! sacrifices 7 ! symbols4 ,! ,p]sians !re=e may call ! 8:ole circle ( heav50 ,jupit]2 b we ma9ta9 t 8! heav50 is nei!r ,jupit] nor ,god1 z we inde$ "k t c]ta9 be+s ( a class inf]ior to ,god h asc5d$ above ! heav5s & all visible nature3 & 9 ?is s5se we und]/& ! words1 8,praise ,god1 ye heav5 ( heav5s1 & ye wat]s t be above ! heav5s2 let !m praise ! "n ( ! ,"l40#ihf ,footnote #ihf3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cxlviii4 #d1 #e4 ,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,z ,celsus1 h[ev]1 is ( op9ion t x matt]s no?+ :e!r ! highe/ be+ be call$ ,jupit]1 or ,z51 or ,adonai1 or ,sabao?1 or ,amm\n 7z ! ,egyptians t]m him71 or ,pappu 7z ! ,scy?ians entitle him71 let u discuss ! po9t = a little1 rem9d+ ! read] at ! same "t ( :at has be5 said above ^u ?is "q1 :5 ! language ( ,celsus l$ u to consid] ! subject4 ,& n[ we ma9ta9 t ! nature ( names is n1 z ,ari/otle supposes1 an enactm5t ( ^? :o impose !m4#ihg ,= ! languages :i* are preval5t among m5 d n d]ive _! orig9 f m51 z is evid5t to ^? :o are able to asc]ta9 ! nature ( ! *>ms :i* are appropriat$ by ! inv5tors ( ! languages diff]5tly1 accord+ to ! v>i\s tongues1 & to ! v>y+ pronunciations ( ! names1 on :i* we h spok5 briefly 9 ! prec$+ pages1 rem>k+ t :5 ^? names :i* 9 a c]ta9 language 7 possess$ ( a natural p[] 7 translat$ into ano!r1 !y 7 no long] able to accompli% :at !y did be=e :5 utt]$ 9 _! native tongues4 ,& ! same peculi>ity is f\nd to apply to m52 = if we 7 to translate ! "n ( "o :o 0 call$ f 8 bir? by a c]ta9 appellation 9 ! ,greek language into ! ,egyptian or ,roman1 or any o!r tongue1 we c\ld n make him d or suff] ! same ?+s :i* he w\ld h done or suff]$ "u ! appellation fir/ be/[$ ^u him4 ,nay1 ev5 if we translat$ into ! ,greek language ! "n ( an individual :o _h be5 orig9ally invok$ 9 ! ,roman tongue1 we c\ld n produce ! result :i* ! incantation pr(ess$ itself capable ( accompli%+ _h x pres]v$ ! "n fir/ conf]r$ ^u him4 ,& if ^! /atem5ts are true :5 spok5 ( ! names ( m51 :at are we to ?9k ( ^? :i* are transf]r$1 = any cause :atev]1 to ! ,deity8 ,= example1 some?+ is transf]r$#ihh f ! "n ,abraham :5 translat$ into ,greek1 & some?+ is signifi$ by t ( ,isaac1 & also by t ( ,jacob2 & accord+ly1 if any "o1 ei!r 9 an invocation or 9 swe>+ an oa?1 7 to use ! expression1 8! ,god ( ,abraham10 & 8! ,god ( ,isaac10 & 8! ,god ( ,jacob10 he w\ld produce c]ta9 effects1 ei!r ow+ to ! nature ( ^! names or to _! p[]s1 s9ce ev5 demons are vanqui%$ & become submissive to him :o pron\nces ^! names2 :]eas if we say1 8! god ( ! *os5 fa!r ( ! e*o1 & ! god ( laught]1 & ! god ( him :o /rikes ) ! heel10#ihi ! m5tion ( ! "n is att5d$ ) no result1 z is ! case ) o!r names possess$ ( no p[]4 ,& 9 ! same way1 if we translate ! ^w 8,israel0 into ,greek or any o!r language1 we %all produce no result2 b if we reta9 x z x is1 & jo9 x to ^? expressions to :i* su* z are skill$ 9 ^! matt]s ?9k x ought to be unit$1 !re w\ld !n foll[ "s result f ! pronunciation ( ! ^w :i* w\ld accord ) ! pr(essions ( ^? :o employ su* invocations4 ,& we may say ! same also ( ! pronunciation ( 8,sabao?10 a ^w :i* is frequ5tly employ$ 9 incantations2 = if we translate ! t]m into 8,"l ( ho/s10 or 8,"l ( armies10 or 8,almighty0 7diff]5t acceptations ( x hav+ be5 propos$ by ! int]pret]s71 we %all accompli% no?+2 :]eas if we reta9 ! orig9al pronunciation1 we %all1 z ^? :o are skill$ 9 su* matt]s ma9ta91 produce "s effect4 ,& ! same obs]vation holds good ( ,adonai4 ,if1 !n1 nei!r 8,sabao?0 nor 8,adonai10 :5 r5d]$ into :at appe>s to be _! mean+ 9 ! ,greek tongue1 c accompli% any?+1 h[ mu* less w\ld be ! result among ^? :o reg>d x z a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r ! highe/ be+ be call$ ,jupit]1 or ,z51 or ,adonai1 or ,sabao?6 ,footnote #ihg3 4 ,footnote #ihh3 1 ' 4 ,9 ! editions ( ,hs*el & ,sp5c]1 is want+4 ,footnote #ihi3 1 1 4 ,cf4 note 9 ,b5$ict9e ed4 ,*apt] ,,xlvi4 ,x 0 = ^! & simil> my/]i\s reasons1 ) :i* ,moses & ! prophets 7 acqua9t$1 t !y =bade ! "n ( o!r gods to be pron\nc$ by him :o be?\ght himself ( pray+ to ! "o ,supreme ,god alone1 or to be rememb]$ by a he>t :i* _h be5 taught to be pure f all fooli% ?\ghts & words4 ,& = ^! reasons we %\ld pref] to endure all mann] ( suff]+ r ?an ackn[l$ge ,jupit] to be ,god4 ,= we d n consid] ,jupit] & ,sabao? to be ! same1 nor ,jupit] to be at all div9e1 b t "s demon1 unfri5dly to m5 & to ! true ,god1 rejoices "u ?is title4#iij ,& al?\gh ! ,egyptians 7 to hold ,ammon be=e u "u ?reat ( dea?1 we w\ld r die ?an address him z ,god1 x be+ a "n us$ 9 all probability 9 c]ta9 ,egyptian incantations 9 :i* ?is demon is invok$4 ,& al?\gh ! ,scy?ians may call ,pappu ! supreme ,god1 yet we w n yield our ass5t to ?is2 grant+1 inde$1 t !re is a ,supreme ,deity1 al?\gh we d n give ! "n ,pappu to ,him z ,8 prop] title1 b reg>d x z "o :i* is agreeable to ! demon to :om 0 allott$ ! des]t ( ,scy?ia1 ) its p & its language4 ,he1 h[ev]1 :o gives ,god ,8 title 9 ! ,scy?ian tongue1 or 9 ! ,egyptian or 9 any language 9 :i* he has be5 br\ght up1 w n be guilty ( s94 ,footnote #iij3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,n[ ! reason :y circumcision is practis$ among ! ,jews is n ! same z t :i* expla9s its exi/5ce among ! ,egyptians & ,col*ians1 & !re=e x is n to be consid]$ ! same circumcision4 ,& z he :o sacrifices does n sacrifice to ! same god1 al?\gh he appe>s to p]=m ! rite ( sacrifice 9 a simil> mann]1 & he :o (f]s up pray] does n pray to ! same div9ity1 al?\gh he asks ! same ?+s 9 8 supplication2 s1 9 ! same way1 if "o p]=ms ! rite ( circumcision1 x by no means foll[s t x is n a diff]5t act f ! circumcision p]=m$ ^u ano!r4 ,= ! purpose1 & ! law1 & ! wi% ( him :o p]=ms ! rite1 place ! act 9 a diff]5t category4 ,b t ! :ole subject may be /ill bett] und]/ood1 we h to rem>k t ! t]m = 8righte\sness0#iia is ! same among all ! ,greeks2 b righte\sness is %[n to be "o ?+ accord+ to ! view ( ,epicurus2 & ano!r accord+ to ! ,/oics1 :o d5y ! ?reefold division ( ! s\l2 & a diff]5t ?+ aga9 accord+ to ! foll[]s ( ,plato1 :o hold t righte\sness is ! prop] bus9ess ( ! p>ts ( ! s\l4#iib ,& s also ! 8c\rage0#iic ( ,epicurus is "o ?+1 :o w\ld und]go "s lab\rs 9 ord] to escape f a great] numb]2 & a diff]5t ?+ t ( ! philosoph] ( ! ,por*1 :o w\ld *oose all virtue = its own sake2 & a diff]5t ?+ /ill t ( ,plato1 :o ma9ta9s t virtue itself is ! act ( ! irascible "p ( ! s\l1 & :o assigns to x a place ab\t ! brea/4#iid ,& s circumcision w be a diff]5t ?+ accord+ to ! v>y+ op9ions ( ^? :o und]go x4 ,b on su* a subject x is unnecess>y to speak on ?is occasion 9 a treatise l ! pres5t2 = :oev] desires to see :at l$ u to ! subject1 c read :at we h said ^u x 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,paul to ! ,romans4 ,footnote #iia3 4 ,footnote #iib3 4 ,footnote #iic3 4 ,footnote #iid3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,xlviii4 ,al?\gh ! ,jews1 !n1 pride !mselves on circumcision1 !y w sep>ate x n only f t ( ! ,col*ians & ,egyptians1 b also f t ( ! ,arabian ,i%maelites2 & yet ! latt] 0 d]iv$ f _! ance/or ,abraham1 ! fa!r ( ,i%mael1 :o und]w5t ! rite ( circumcision along ) 8 fa!r4 ,! ,jews say t ! circumcision p]=m$ on ! eigh? day is ! pr9cipal circumcision1 & t :i* is p]=m$ accord+ to circum/ances is diff]5t2 & probably x 0 p]=m$ on acc\nt ( ! ho/ility ( "s angel t[>ds ! ,jewi% nation1 :o _h ! p[] to injure su* ( !m z 7 n circumcis$1 b 0 p[]less aga9/ ^? :o _h und]gone ! rite4 ,?is may be said to appe> f :at is writt5 9 ! book ( ,exodus1 :]e ! angel be=e ! circumcision ( ,eliez]#iie 0 able to "w aga9/#iif ,moses1 b c\ld d no?+ aft] 8 son 0 circumcis$4 ,& :5 ,zipporah _h le>n$ ?is1 %e took a pebble & circumcis$ h] *ild1 & is record$1 accord+ to ! read+ ( ! common copies1 to h said1 8,! blood ( my *ild's circumcision is /ay$10 b accord+ to ! ,hebrew text1 8,a bloody husb& art ?\ to me40#iig ,= %e _h kn[n ! /ory ab\t a c]ta9 angel hav+ p[] be=e ! %$d+ ( ! blood1 b :o became p[]less ?r\gh ! blood ( circumcision4 ,= :i* reason ! words 7 address$ to ,moses1 8,a bloody husb& art ?\ to me40 ,b ^! ?+s1 :i* appe> r ( a curi\s nature1 & n level to ! compreh5sion ( ! multitude1 ,i h v5tur$ to treat at su* l5g?2 & n[ ,i %all only add1 z becomes a ,*ri/ian1 "o ?+ m1 & %all !n pass on to :at foll[s4 ,= ?is angel might h _h p[]1 ,i ?9k1 ov] ^? ( ! p :o 7 n circumcis$1 & g5]ally ov] all :o wor%ipp$ only ! ,creator2 & ?is p[] la/$ s long z ,jesus _h n assum$ a human body4 ,b :5 ,he _h done ?is1 & _h und]gone ! rite ( circumcision 9 ,8 own p]son1 all ! p[] ( ! angel ov] ^? :o practise ! same wor%ip1 b are n circumcis$1#iih 0 aboli%$2 = ,jesus r$uc$ x to n\ght by ! p[] ( ,8 unspeakable div9ity4 ,& !re=e ,8 disciples are =bidd5 to circumcise !mselves1 & are rem9d$ by ! apo/le3 8,if ye be circumcis$1 ,*ri/ %all pr(it y no?+40#iii ,footnote #iie3 ,cf4 ,ex4 iv4 #bd1 #be4 ,eliez] 0 "o ( ! two sons ( ,moses4 ,cf4 ,ex4 xviii4 #d4 ,footnote #iif3 4 ,footnote #iig3 ,cf4 ,ex4 iv4 #be1 #bf4 ,footnote #iih3 4 ,boh]ellus ins]ts be=e 1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ! text4 ,footnote #iii3 ,gal4 v4 #b4 ,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,b nei!r d ! ,jews pride !mselves ^u ab/a9+ f sw9e's fle%1 z if x 7 "s great ?+2 b ^u _! hav+ asc]ta9$ ! nature ( clean & unclean animals1 & ! cause ( ! di/9ction1 & ( sw9e be+ class$ among ! unclean4 ,& ^! di/9ctions 7 signs ( c]ta9 ?+s until ! adv5t ( ,jesus2 aft] ^: com+ x 0 said to ,8 disciple1 :o did n yet compreh5d ! doctr9e conc]n+ ^! matt]s1 b :o said1 8,no?+ t is common or unclean ha? ent]$ into my m\?10#ajjj 8,:at ,god ha? cleans$1 call n ?\ common40 ,x !re=e 9 no way affects ei!r ! ,jews or u t ! ,egyptian prie/s ab/a9 n only f ! fle% ( sw9e1 b also f t ( goats1 & %eep1 & ox51 & fi%4 ,b s9ce x is n t 8:i* ent]e? into ! m\? t defiles a man10 & s9ce 8meat does n comm5d u to ,god10 we d n set great /ore on refra9+ f eat+1 nor yet are we induc$ to eat f a glutton\s appetite4 ,& !re=e1 s f> z we are conc]n$1 ! foll[]s ( ,py?agoras1 :o ab/a9 f all ?+s t conta9 life1 may d z !y please2 only obs]ve ! diff]5t reason = ab/a9+ f ?+s t h life on ! "p ( ! ,py?agoreans & our ascetics4 ,= ! =m] ab/a9 on acc\nt ( ! fable ab\t ! transmigration ( s\ls1 z ! poet says3 8,& "s "o1 lift+ up 8 belov$ son1 ,w slay him aft] pray]2 ,o h[ fooli% he60#ajja ,we1 h[ev]1 :5 we d ab/a91 d s because 8we keep "u our body1 & br+ x into subjection10#ajjb & desire 8to mortify our memb]s t are ^u ! e>?1 =nication1 uncleanness1 inord9ate affection1 evil concupisc5ce20#ajjc & we use e ef=t to 8mortify ! de$s ( ! fle%40#ajjd ,footnote #ajjj3 ,cf4 ,acts x4 #ad4 ,footnote #ajja3 ,a quotation3 1 4 --,a v]se ( ,emp$ocles1 quot$ by ,plut>*1 de ,sup]/itione1 c4 xii4 ,sp5c]4 ,cf4 note 9 loc4 9 ,b5$ict9e edition4 ,footnote #ajjb3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 ix4 #bg4 ,footnote #ajjc3 ,cf4 ,col4 iii4 #e4 ,footnote #ajjd3 ,cf4 ,rom4 viii4 #ac4 ,*apt] ,l4 ,celsus1 /ill express+ 8 op9ion reg>d+ ! ,jews1 says3 8,x is n probable t !y are 9 great fav\r ) ,god1 or are reg>d$ by ,him ) m affection ?an o!rs1 or t angels are s5t by ,him to !m alone1 z if to !m _h be5 allott$ "s region ( ! bless$4 ,= we may see bo? ! p !mselves1 & ! c\ntry ( :i* !y 7 deem$ wor?y40 ,we %all refute ?is1 by rem>k+ t x is evid5t t ?is nation 0 9 great fav\r ) ,god1 f ! fact t ! ,god :o presides ov] all ?+s 0 call$ ! ,god ( ! ,hebrews1 ev5 by ^? :o 7 ali5s to our fai?4 ,& because !y 7 9 fav\r ) ,god1 !y 7 n ab&on$ by ,him2#ajje b al?\gh few 9 numb]1 !y cont9u$ to enjoy ! protection ( ! div9e p[]1 s t 9 ! reign ( ,alex&] ( ,mac$on !y su/a9$ no injury f him1 al?\gh !y refus$1 on acc\nt ( c]ta9 cov5ants & oa?s1 to take up arms aga9/ ,d>ius4 ,!y say t on t occasion ! ,jewi% high prie/1 clo!d 9 8 sacr$ robe1 receiv$ obeisance f ,alex&]1 :o decl>$ t he _h beheld an individual array$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 :o ann\nc$ to him 9 8 sleep t he 0 to be ! subjugator ( ! :ole ( ,asia4 ,accord+ly1 we ,*ri/ians ma9ta9 t 8x 0 ! =tune ( t p 9 a rem>kable degree to enjoy ,god's fav\r1 & to be lov$ by ,him 9 a way diff]5t f o!rs20 b t ?is economy ( ?+s & ?is div9e fav\r 7 transf]r$ to u1 aft] ,jesus _h convey$ ! p[] :i* _h be5 manife/$ among ! ,jews to ^? :o _h become conv]ts to ,him f among ! hea!n4 ,& = ?is reason1 al?\gh ! ,romans desir$ to p]petrate _m atrocities aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 9 ord] to ensure _! ext]m9ation1 !y 7 unsuccessful2 = !re 0 a div9e h& :i* f\ght on _! behalf1 & ^: desire x 0 t ! ^w ( ,god %\ld spread f "o corn] ( ! l& ( ,judea ?r\gh\t ! :ole human race4 ,footnote #ajje3 4 ,! negative p>ticle 77 is want+ 9 ! editions ( ,hs*el & ,sp5c]1 b is f\nd 9 ! ,royal1 ,basil1 & ,vatican ,,mss4 ,guietus w\ld delete 7:i* em5dation has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation71 :ile ,boh]ellus w\ld read in/ead4--,,ru,,u4 ,*apt] ,,li4 ,b see+ t we h answ]$ to ! be/ ( our ability ! *>ges br\ght by ,celsus aga9/ ! ,jews & _! doctr9e1 let u proce$ to consid] :at foll[s1 & to prove t x is no empty boa/ on our "p :5 we make a pr(ession ( kn[+ ! great ,god1 & t we h n be5 l$ away by any juggl+ tricks#ajjf ( ,moses 7z ,celsus imag9es71 or ev5 ( our own ,savi\r ,jesus2 b t = a good end we li/5 to ! ,god :o speaks 9 ,moses1 & h accept$ ,jesus1 :om he te/ifies to be ,god1 z ! ,son ( ,god1 9 hope ( receiv+ ! be/ rew>ds if we regulate our lives accord+ to ,8 ^w4 ,& we %all will+ly pass ov] :at we h already /at$ by way ( anticipation on ! po9ts1 8:5ce we came1 & :o is our lead]1 & :at law proce$$ f ,him40 ,& if ,celsus w\ld ma9ta9 t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 u & ! ,egyptians1 :o wor%ip ! goat1 or ! ram1 or ! crocodile1 or ! ox1 or ! riv]-horse1 or ! dog-fac$ baboon1#ajjg or ! cat1 he c asc]ta9 if x be s1 & s may any o!r :o ?9ks alike on ! subject4 ,we1 h[ev]1 h to ! be/ ( our ability def5d$ ourselves at great l5g? 9 ! prec$+ pages on ! subject ( ! hon\r :i* we r5d] to our ,jesus1 po9t+ out t we h f\nd ! bett] "p2#ajjh & t 9 %[+ t ! tru? :i* is conta9$ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is pure & unmix$ ) error1 we are n comm5d+ ourselves1 b our ,tea*]1 to :om te/imony 0 borne ?r\gh _m witnesses by ! ,supreme ,god & ! prophetic writ+s among ! ,jews1 & by ! v cle>ness ( ! case itself1 = x is demon/rat$ t ,he c\ld n h accompli%$ su* mighty works )\t ! div9e help4 ,footnote #ajjf3 4 ,footnote #ajjg3 4 ,footnote #ajjh3 4 ,*apt] ,,lii4 ,b ! /atem5t ( ,celsus :i* we wi% to exam9e at pres5t is ! foll[+3 8,let u !n pass ov] ! refutations :i* might be adduc$ aga9/ ! claims ( _! tea*]1 & let him be reg>d$ z really an angel4 ,b is he ! fir/ & only "o :o came to m51 or 7 !re o!rs be=e him8 ,if !y %\ld say t he is ! only "o1 !y w\ld be convict$ ( tell+ lies aga9/ !mselves4 ,= !y ass]t t on _m occasions o!rs came1 & sixty or sev5ty ( !m toge!r1 & t ^! became wick$1 & 7 ca/ "u ! e>? & puni%$ ) *a9s1 & t f ?is s\rce orig9ate ! w>m spr+s1 :i* are _! te>s2 &1 moreov]1 t !re came an angel to ! tomb ( ?is said be+--accord+ to "s1 inde$1 "o1 b accord+ to o!rs1 two--:o answ]$ ! wom5 t he _h aris54 ,= ! ,son ( ,god c\ld n himself1 z x seems1 op5 ! tomb1 b ne$$ ! help ( ano!r to roll away ! /one4 ,& aga91 on acc\nt ( ! pregnancy ( ,m>y1 !re came an angel to ! c>p5t]1 & once m ano!r angel1 9 ord] t !y might take up ! "y *ild & flee away into ,egypt4 ,b :at ne$ is !re to p>ticul>ize ev]y?+1 or to c\nt up ! numb] ( angels said to h be5 s5t to ,moses1 & o!rs among/ !m8 ,if1 !n1 o!rs 7 s5t1 x is manife/ t he also came f ! same ,god4 ,b he may be suppos$ to h ! appe>ance ( ann\nc+ some?+ ( great] importance ?an ^? :o prec$$ him1 z if ! ,jews _h be5 committ+ s91 or corrupt+ _! religion1 or do+ de$s ( impiety2 = ^! ?+s are obscurely h9t$ at40 ,*apt] ,,liii4 ,! prec$+ rem>ks might suffice z an answ] to ! *>ges ( ,celsus1 s f> z reg>ds ^? po9ts 9 :i* our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/ is made ! subject ( special inve/igation4 ,b t we may avoid ! appe>ance ( int5tionally pass+ ov] any portion ( 8 "w1 z if we 7 unable to meet him1 let u1 ev5 at ! risk ( be+ tautological 7s9ce we are *all5g$ to ?is by ,celsus71 endeav\r z f> z we c ) all due brevity to cont9ue our disc\rse1 s9ce p]haps some?+ ei!r m precise or m novel may occur to u ^u ! sev]al topics4 ,he says1 inde$1 t 8he has omitt$ ! refutations :i* h be5 adduc$ aga9/ ! claims :i* ,*ri/ians advance on behalf ( _! tea*]10 al?\gh he has n omitt$ any?+ :i* he 0 able to br+ =w>d1 z is manife/ f 8 previ\s language1 b makes ?is /atem5t only z an empty rhetorical device4 ,t we are n refut$1 h[ev]1 on ! subject ( our great ,savi\r1 al?\gh ! accus] may appe> to refute u1 w be manife/ to ^? :o p]use 9 a _s ( tru?-lov+ inve/igation all t is pr$ict$ & record$ ( ,him4 ,&1 9 ! next place1 s9ce he consid]s t he makes a concession 9 say+ ( ! ,savi\r1 8,let him appe> to be really an angel10 we reply t we d n accept ( su* a concession f ,celsus2 b we look to ! "w ( ,him :o came to visit ! :ole human race 9 ,8 ^w & tea*+1 z ea* "o ( ,8 adh]5ts 0 capable ( receiv+ ,him4 ,& ?is 0 ! "w ( "o :o1 z ! prophecy reg>d+ ,him said1 0 n simply an angel1 b ! 8,angel ( ! great c\ncil30#ajji = ,he ann\nc$ to m5 ! great c\nsel ( ! ,god & ,fa!r ( all ?+s reg>d+ !m1 say+ ( ^? :o yield !mselves up to a life ( pure religion1 t !y asc5d by means ( _! great de$s to ,god2 b ( ^? :o d n adh]e to ,him1 t !y place !mselves at a di/ance f ,god1 & j\rney on to de/ruction ?r\gh _! unbelief ( ,him4 ,he !n cont9ues3 8,if ev5 ! angel came to m51 is he ! fir/ & only "o :o came1 or did o!rs come on =m] occasions80 ,& he ?9ks he c meet ei!r ( ^! dilemmas at great l5g?1 al?\gh !re is n a s+le real ,*ri/ian :o ass]ts t ,*ri/ 0 ! only be+ t visit$ ! human race4 ,=1 z ,celsus says1 8,if !y %\ld say ! only "o10 !re are o!rs :o appe>$ to diff]5t individuals4 ,footnote #ajji3 ,cf4 ,isa4 ix4 #f4 ,*apt] ,,liv4 ,9 ! next place1 he proce$s to answ] himself z he ?9ks fit 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,& s he is n ! only "o :o is record$ to h visit$ ! human race1 z ev5 ^? :o1 "u pretext ( tea*+ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 h apo/atiz$ f ! ,creator z an inf]ior be+1 & h giv5 9 _! adh]5ce to "o :o is a sup]ior ,god & fa!r ( him :o visit$ ! _w1 ass]t t be=e him c]ta9 be+s came f ! ,creator to visit ! human race40 ,n[1 z x is 9 ! _s ( tru? t we inve/igate all t relates to ! subject1 we %all rem>k t x is ass]t$ by ,apelles1 ! celebrat$ disciple ( ,m>cion1 :o became ! f\nd] ( a c]ta9 sect1 & :o treat$ ! writ+s ( ! ,jews z fabul\s1 t ,jesus is ! only "o t came to visit ! human race4 ,ev5 aga9/ him1 !n1 :o ma9ta9$ t ,jesus 0 ! only "o t came f ,god to m51 x w\ld be 9 va9 = ,celsus to quote ! /atem5ts reg>d+ ! desc5t ( o!r angels1 see+ ,apelles discr$its1 z we h already m5tion$1 ! miracul\s n>ratives ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures2 & mu* m w he decl9e to admit :at ,celsus has adduc$1 f n und]/&+ ! cont5ts ( ! book ( ,eno*4 ,no "o1 !n1 convicts u ( falsehood1 or ( mak+ contradictory ass]tions1 z if we ma9ta9$ bo? t our ,savi\r 0 ! only be+ t ev] came to m51 & yet t _m o!rs came on diff]5t occasions4 ,& 9 a mo/ confus$ mann]1 moreov]1 does he adduce1 :5 exam9+ ! subject ( ! visits ( angels to m51 :at he has d]iv$1 )\t see+ its mean+1 f ! cont5ts ( ! book ( ,eno*2 = he does n appe> to h read ! passages 9 "q1 nor to h be5 aw>e t ! books :i* be> ! "n ( ,eno* d n at all circulate 9 ! *ur*es z div9e1 al?\gh x is f ?is s\rce t he might be suppos$ to h obta9$ ! /atem5t1 t 8sixty or sev5ty angels desc5d$ at ! same "t1 :o fell into a /ate ( wick$ness40 ,*apt] ,,lv4 ,b1 t we may grant to him 9 a _s ( c&\r :at he has n discov]$ 9 ! cont5ts ( ! book ( ,g5esis1 t 8! sons ( ,god1 see+ ! daught]s ( m51 t !y 7 fair1 took to !m wives ( all :om !y *ose10 we %all nev]!less ev5 on ?is po9t p]suade ^? :o are capable ( und]/&+ ! mean+ ( ! prophet1 t ev5 be=e u !re 0 "o :o ref]r$ ?is n>rative to ! doctr9e reg>d+ s\ls1 :i* became possess$ ) a desire = ! corporeal life ( m51 & ?is 9 metaphorical language1 he said1 0 t]m$ 8daught]s ( m540 ,b :atev] may be ! mean+ ( ! 8sons ( ,god desir+ to possess ! daught]s ( m510 x w n at all contribute to prove t ,jesus 0 n ! only "o :o visit$ mank9d z an angel1 & :o manife/ly became ! ,savi\r & b5efactor ( all ^? :o dep>t f ! flood ( wick$ness4 ,!n1 mix+ up & confus+ :atev] he _h at any "t he>d1 or _h any:]e f\nd writt5--:e!r held to be ( div9e orig9 among ,*ri/ians or n--he adds3 8,! sixty or sev5ty :o desc5d$ toge!r 7 ca/ "u ! e>?1 & 7 puni%$ ) *a9s40 ,& he quotes 7z f ! book ( ,eno*1 b )\t nam+ x7 ! foll[+3 8,& h5ce x is t ! te>s ( ^! angels are w>m spr+s10--a ?+ nei!r m5tion$ nor he>d ( 9 ! *ur*es ( ,god6 ,= no "o 0 ev] s fooli% z to mat]ialize into human te>s ^? :i* 7 %$ by ! angels :o _h come d[n f heav54 ,& if x 7 "r to pass a je/ ^u :at is advanc$ aga9/ u 9 a s]i\s _s by ,celsus1 we might obs]ve t no "o w\ld ev] h said t hot spr+s1 ! great] "p ( :i* are fre% wat]1 7 ! te>s ( ! angels1 s9ce te>s are salti% 9 _! nature1 unless inde$ ! angels1 9 ! op9ion ( ,celsus1 %$ te>s :i* are fre%4 ,*apt] ,,lvi4 ,proce$+ imm$iately aft] to mix up & comp>e ) "o ano!r ?+s t are dissimil>1 & incapable ( be+ unit$1 he subjo9s to 8 /atem5t reg>d+ ! sixty or sev5ty angels :o came d[n f heav51 & :o1 accord+ to him1 %$ f\nta9s ( w>m wat] = te>s1 ! foll[+3 8,x is relat$ also t !re came to ! tomb ( ,jesus himself1 accord+ to "s1 two angels1 accord+ to o!rs1 "o20 hav+ fail$ to notice1 ,i ?9k1 t ,mat!w & ,m>k speak ( "o1 & ,luke & ,john ( two1 :i* /atem5ts are n contradictory4 ,= !y :o m5tion 8"o10 say t x 0 he :o roll$ away ! /one f ! sepul*re2 :ile !y :o m5tion 8two10 ref] to ^? :o appe>$ 9 %9+ raim5t to ! wom5 t repair$ to ! sepul*re1 or :o 7 se5 )9 sitt+ 9 :ite g>m5ts4 ,ea* ( ^! occurr5ces might n[ be demon/rat$ to h actually tak5 place1 & to be indicative ( a figurative mean+ exi/+ 9 ^! 8ph5om5a10 & intelligible to ^? :o 7 prep>$ to behold ! resurrection ( ! ,^w4 ,su* a task1 h[ev]1 does n belong to our pres5t purpose1 b r to an exposition ( ! gospel4 ,*apt] ,,lvii4 ,n[1 t miracul\s appe>ances h sometimes be5 witness$ by human be+s1 is relat$ by ! ,greeks2 & n only by ^? ( !m :o might be suspect$ ( compos+ fabul\s n>ratives1 b also by ^? :o h giv5 e evid5ce ( be+ g5u9e philosoph]s1 & ( hav+ relat$ ) p]fect tru? :at _h happ5$ to !m4 ,acc\nts ( ?is k9d we h read 9 ! writ+s ( ,*rysippus ( ,soli1 & also "s ?+s ( ! same k9d relat+ to ,py?agoras2 z well z 9 "s ( ! m rec5t writ]s :o liv$ a v %ort "t ago1 z 9 ! treatise ( ,plut>* ( ,*ronea 8on ! ,s\l10 & 9 ! second book ( ! "w ( ,num5ius ! ,py?agorean on ! 8,incorruptibility ( ! ,s\l40 ,n[1 :5 su* acc\nts are relat$ by ! ,greeks1 & especially by ! philosoph]s among !m1 !y are n to be receiv$ ) mock]y & ridicule1 nor to be reg>d$ z fictions & fables2 b :5 ^? :o are devot$ to ! ,god ( all ?+s1 & :o endure all k9ds ( injury1 ev5 to dea? itself1 r ?an all[ a falsehood to escape _! lips reg>d+ ,god1 ann\nce ! appe>ances ( angels :i* !y h !mselves witness$1 !y are to be deem$ unwor?y ( belief1 & _! words are n to be reg>d$ z true6 ,n[ x is oppos$ to s\nd reason to judge 9 ?is way :e!r individuals are speak+ tru? or falsehood4 ,= ^? :o act hone/ly1 only aft] a long & c>eful exam9ation into ! details ( a subject1 sl[ly & cauti\sly express _! op9ion ( ! v]acity or falsehood ( ?is or t p]son ) reg>d to ! m>vels :i* !y may relate2 s9ce x is ! case t nei!r d all m5 %[ !mselves wor?y ( belief1 nor d all make x di/9ctly evid5t t !y are relat+ to m5 only fictions & fables4 ,moreov]1 reg>d+ ! resurrection ( ,jesus f ! dead1 we h ?is rem>k to make1 t x is n at all wond]ful if1 on su* an occasion1 ei!r "o or two angels %\ld h appe>$ to ann\nce t ,jesus _h ris5 f ! dead1 & to provide = ! safety ( ^? :o believ$ 9 su* an ev5t to ! advantage ( _! s\ls4 ,nor does x appe> to me at all unreasonable1 t ^? :o believe 9 ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 & :o manife/1 z a fruit ( _! fai? n to be lightly e/eem$1 _! possession ( a virtu\s#ajaj life1 & _! )drawal f ! flood ( evils1 %\ld n be unatt5d$ by angels :o l5d _! help 9 accompli%+ _! conv]sion to ,god4 ,footnote #ajaj3 4 ,*apt] ,,lviii4 ,b ,celsus *all5ges ! acc\nt also t an angel roll$ away ! /one f ! sepul*re :]e ! body ( ,jesus lay1 act+ l a lad at s*ool1 :o %\ld br+ a *>ge aga9/ any "o by help ( a /r+ ( commonplaces4 ,&1 z if he _h discov]$ "s clev] objection to ! n>rative1 he rem>ks3 8,! ,son ( ,god1 !n1 x appe>s1 c\ld n op5 8 tomb1 b requir$ ! aid ( ano!r to roll away ! /one40 ,n[1 n to ov]do ! discussion ( ?is matt]1 or to h ! appe>ance ( unreasonably introduc+ philosophical rem>ks1 by expla9+ ! figurative mean+ at pres5t1 ,i %all simply say ( ! n>rative alone1 t x does appe> 9 itself a m respectful proce$+1 t ! s]vant & inf]ior %\ld h roll$ away ! /one1 ?an t su* an act %\ld h be5 p]=m$ by ,him ^: resurrection 0 to be = ! advantage ( mank9d4 ,i d n speak ( ! desire ( ^? :o conspir$ aga9/ ! ,^w1 & :o wi%$ to put ,him to dea?1 & to %[ to all m5 t ,he 0 dead & non-exi/5t1#ajaa t ,8 tomb %\ld n be op5$1 9 ord] t no "o might behold ! ,^w alive aft] _! conspiracy2 b ! 8,angel ( ,god0 :o came into ! _w = ! salvation ( m51 ) ! help ( ano!r angel1 prov$ m p[]ful ?an ! conspirators1 & roll$ away ! weighty /one1 t ^? :o deem$ ! ,^w to be dead might be conv9c$ t ,he is n ) ! 8dep>t$10 b is alive1 & prec$es ^? :o are will+ to foll[ ,him1 t ,he may manife/ to !m ^? tru?s :i* come aft] ^? :i* ,he =m]ly %[$ !m at ! "t ( _! fir/ entrance into ! s*ool ( ,*ri/ianity1 :5 !y 7 z yet incapable ( receiv+ deep] in/ruction4 ,9 ! next place1 ,i d n und]/& :at advantage he ?9ks w accrue to 8 purpose :5 he ridicules ! acc\nt ( 8! angel's visit to ,joseph reg>d+ ! pregnancy ( ,m>y20 & aga91 t ( ! angel to w>n ! p>5ts 8to take up ! new-born *ild1 ^: life 0 9 dang]1 & to flee ) x into ,egypt40 ,conc]n+ ^! matt]s1 h[ev]1 we h 9 ! prec$+ pages answ]$ 8 /atem5ts4 ,b :at does ,celsus mean by say+1 t 8accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 angels are record$ to h be5 s5t to ,moses1 & o!rs z well80 ,= x appe>s to me to contribute no?+ to 8 purpose1 & especially because none ( !m made any ef=t to accompli%1 z f> z 9 8 p[]1 ! conv]sion ( ! human race f _! s9s4 ,let x be grant$1 h[ev]1 t o!r angels 7 s5t f ,god1 b t he came to ann\nce some?+ ( great] importance ?an any o!rs :o prec$$ him2 & :5 ! ,jews _h fall5 into s91 & corrupt$ _! religion1 & _h done unholy de$s1 transf]r$ ! k+dom ( ,god to o!r husb&m51 :o 9 all ! *ur*es take special c>e ( !mselves1#ajab & use e endeav\r by means ( a holy life1 & by a doctr9e con=mable !reto1 to w9 ov] to ! ,god ( all ?+s ^? :o w\ld ru% away f ! tea*+ ( ,jesus4#ajac ,footnote #ajaa3 4 ,footnote #ajab3 4 ,guietus w\ld read 1 to agree ) 4 ,footnote #ajac3 ,in/ead ( 1 ,boh]ellus conjectures 444 1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,*apt] ,,lix4 ,celsus !n cont9ues3 8,! ,jews accord+ly1 & ^! 7cle>ly mean+ ! ,*ri/ians71 h ! same ,god20 & z if advanc+ a proposition :i* w\ld n be conc$$1 he proce$s to make ! foll[+ ass]tion3 8,x is c]ta91 inde$1 t ! memb]s ( ! great *ur*#ajad admit ?is1 & adopt z true ! acc\nts reg>d+ ! creation ( ! _w :i* are curr5t among ! ,jews1 viz4 conc]n+ ! six days & ! sev5?20 on :i* day1 z ! ,scripture says1 ,god 8ceas$0#ajae f ,8 works1 retir+ into ! contemplation ( ,himself1 b on :i*1 z ,celsus says 7:o does n abide by ! lett] ( ! hi/ory1 & :o does n und]/& its mean+71 ,god 8re/$10#ajaf--;a t]m :i* is n f\nd 9 ! record4 ,) respect1 h[ev]1 to ! creation ( ! _w1 & ! 8re/#ajag :i* is res]v$ aft] x = ! p ( ,god10 ! subject is ext5sive1 & my/ical1 & pr(\nd1 & difficult ( explanation4 ,9 ! next place1 z x appe>s to me1 f a desire to fill up 8 book1 & to give x an appe>ance ( importance1 he recklessly adds c]ta9 /atem5ts1 su* z ! foll[+1 relat+ to ! fir/ man1 ( :om he says3 8,we give ! same acc\nt z d ! ,jews1 & d$uce ! same g5ealogy f him z !y d40 ,h[ev]1 z reg>ds 8! conspiracies ( bro!rs aga9/ "o ano!r10 we "k ( none su*1 save t ,ca9 conspir$ aga9/ ,abel1 & ,esau aga9/ ,jacob2 b n ,abel aga9/ ,ca91 nor ,jacob aga9/ ,esau3 = if ?is _h be5 ! case1 ,celsus w\ld h be5 correct 9 say+ t we give ! same acc\nts z d ! ,jews ( 8! conspiracies ( bro!rs aga9/ "o ano!r40 ,let x be grant$1 h[ev]1 t we speak ( ! same desc5t into ,egypt z !y1 & ( _! return#ajah !nce1 :i* 0 n a 8flight10#ajai z ,celsus consid]s x to h be51 :at does t avail t[>ds f\nd+ an accusation aga9/ u or aga9/ ! ,jews8 ,"h1 inde$1 he ?\ght to ca/ ridicule ^u u1 :51 9 speak+ ( ! ,hebrew p1 he t]m$ _! exodus a 8flight20 b :5 x 0 8 bus9ess to inve/igate ! acc\nt ( ! puni%m5ts inflict$ by ,god ^u ,egypt1 t topic he purposely pass$ by 9 sil5ce4 ,footnote #ajad3 4 ,footnote #ajae3 4 ,footnote #ajaf3 4 ,footnote #ajag3 4 ,footnote #ajah3 4 ,footnote #ajai3 4 ,*apt] ,,lx4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x be necess>y to express ourselves ) precision 9 our answ] to ,celsus1 :o ?9ks t we hold ! same op9ions on ! matt]s 9 "q z d ! ,jews1 we w\ld say t we bo? agree t ! books ( ,scripture 7 writt5 by ! ,_s ( ,god1 b t we d n agree ab\t ! mean+ ( _! cont5ts2 = we d n regulate our lives l ! ,jews1 because we are ( op9ion t ! lit]al acceptation ( ! laws is n t :i* conveys ! mean+ ( ! legislation4 ,& we ma9ta91 t 8:5 ,moses is read1 ! veil is ^u _! he>t10#ajbj because ! mean+ ( ! law ( ,moses has be5 conceal$ f ^? :o h n welcom$#ajba ! way :i* is by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b we "k t if "o turn to ! ,"l 7= 8! ,"l is t ,_s071 ! veil be+ tak5 away1 8he beholds1 z 9 a mirror ) unveil$ face1 ! glory ( ! ,"l0 9 ^? ?\ghts :i* are conceal$ 9 _! lit]al expression1 & to 8 own glory becomes a p>ticipator ( ! div9e glory2 ! t]m 8face0 be+ us$ figuratively = ! 8und]/&+10 z "o w\ld call x )\t a figure1 9 :i* is ! face ( ! 8inn] man10 fill$ ) light & glory1 fl[+ f ! true compreh5sion ( ! cont5ts ( ! law4 ,footnote #ajbj3 #b ,cor4 iii4 #ae4 ,footnote #ajba3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxi4 ,aft] ! above rem>ks he proce$s z foll[s3 8,let no "o suppose t ,i am ignorant t "s ( !m w conc$e t _! ,god is ! same z t ( ! ,jews1 :ile o!rs w ma9ta9 t he is a diff]5t "o1 to :om ! latt] is 9 opposition1 & t x 0 f ! =m] t ! ,son came40 ,n[1 if he imag9e t ! exi/5ce ( num]\s h]esies among ! ,*ri/ians is a gr\nd ( accusation aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 :y1 9 a simil> way1 %\ld x n be a gr\nd ( accusation aga9/ philosophy1 t ! v>i\s sects ( philosoph]s diff] f ea* o!r1 n on small & indiff]5t po9ts1 b ^u ^? ( ! highe/ importance8 ,nay1 m$ic9e also ought to be a subject ( attack1 on acc\nt ( its _m conflict+ s*ools4 ,let x be admitt$1 !n1 t !re are among/ u "s :o d5y t our ,god is ! same z t ( ! ,jews3 nev]!less1 on t acc\nt ^? are n to be blam$ :o prove f ! same ,scriptures t "o & ! same ,deity is ! ,god ( ! ,jews & ( ! ,g5tiles alike1 z ,paul1 too1 di/9ctly says1 :o 0 a conv]t f ,judaism to ,*ri/ianity1 8,i ?ank my ,god1 :om ,i s]ve f my =efa!rs ) a pure consci5ce40#ajbb ,& let x be admitt$ also1 t !re is a ?ird class :o call c]ta9 p]sons 8c>nal10 & o!rs 8spiritual0 7,i ?9k he "h means ! foll[]s ( ,val5t9us73 yet :at does ?is avail aga9/ u1 :o belong to ! *ur*1 & :o make x an accusation aga9/ su* z hold t c]ta9 natures are sav$1 & t o!rs p]i% 9 consequ5ce ( _! natural con/itution8#ajbc ,& let x be admitt$ fur!r1 t !re are "s :o give !mselves out z ,gno/ics1 9 ! same way z ^? ,epicureans :o call !mselves philosoph]s3 yet nei!r w !y :o annihilate ! doctr9e ( provid5ce be deem$ true philosoph]s1 nor ^? true ,*ri/ians :o introduce mon/r\s inv5tions1 :i* are disapprov$ ( by ^? :o are ! disciples ( ,jesus4 ,let x be admitt$1 moreov]1 t !re are "s :o accept ,jesus1 & :o boa/ on t acc\nt ( be+ ,*ri/ians1 & yet w\ld regulate _! lives1 l ! ,jewi% multitude1 9 accordance ) ! ,jewi% law1--& ^! are ! tw(old sect ( ,ebionites1 :o ei!r ackn[l$ge ) u t ,jesus 0 born ( a virg91 or d5y ?is1 & ma9ta9 t ,he 0 begott5 l o!r human be+s1--:at does t avail by way ( *>ge aga9/ su* z belong to ! *ur*1 & :om ,celsus has /yl$ 8^? ( ! multitude80#ajbd ,he adds1 also1 t c]ta9 ( ! ,*ri/ians are believ]s 9 ! ,sibyl1#ajbe hav+ probably misund]/ood "s :o blam$ su* z believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( a prophetic ,sibyl1 & t]m$ ^? :o held ?is belief ,sibylli/s4 ,footnote #ajbb3 #b ,tim4 i4 #c4 ,footnote #ajbc3 4 ,footnote #ajbd3 4 ,footnote #ajbe3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxii4 ,he next p\rs d[n ^u u a heap ( names1 say+ t he kn[s ( ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 ,simonians :o wor%ip ,hel5e1 or ,hel5us1 z _! tea*]1 & are call$ ,hel5ians4 ,b x has escap$ ! notice ( ,celsus t ! ,simonians d n at all ackn[l$ge ,jesus to be ! ,son ( ,god1 b t]m ,simon ! 8p[]0 ( ,god1 reg>d+ :om !y relate c]ta9 m>vell\s /ories1 say+ t he imag9$ t if he c\ld become possess$ ( simil> p[]s to ^? ) :i* he believ$ ,jesus to be end[$1 he too w\ld become z p[]ful among m5 z ,jesus 0 among/ ! multitude4 ,b nei!r ,celsus nor ,simon c\ld compreh5d h[ ,jesus1 l a good husb&man ( ! ^w ( ,god1 0 able to s[ ! great] "p ( ,greece1 & ( b>b>ian l&s1 ) ,8 doctr9e1 & to fill ^! c\ntries ) words :i* trans=m ! s\l f all t is evil1 & br+ x back to ! ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,celsus kn[s1 moreov]1 c]ta9 ,m>cellians1 s call$ f ,m>cell9a1 & ,h>pocratians f ,salome1 & o!rs :o d]ive _! "n f ,m>iamne1 & o!rs aga9 f ,m>?a4 ,we1 h[ev]1 :o f a love ( le>n+ exam9e to ! utmo/ ( our ability n only ! cont5ts ( ,scripture1 & ! diff]5ces to :i* !y give rise1 b h also1 f love to ! tru?1 inve/igat$ z f> z we c\ld ! op9ions ( philosoph]s1 h nev] at any "t met 9 ) ^! sects4 ,he makes m5tion also ( ! ,m>cionites1 ^: lead] 0 ,m>cion4 ,*apt] ,,lxiii4 ,9 ! next place1 t he may h ! appe>ance ( kn[+ /ill m ?an he has yet m5tion$1 he says1 agreeably to 8 usual cu/om1 t 8!re are o!rs :o h wick$ly inv5t$ "s be+ z _! tea*] & demon1 & :o wall[ ab\t 9 a great d>kness1 m unholy & accurs$ ?an t ( ! companions ( ! ,egyptian ,ant9\s40 ,& he seems to me1 inde$1 9 t\*+ on ^! matt]s1 to say ) a c]ta9 degree ( tru?1 t !re are c]ta9 o!rs :o h wick$ly inv5t$ ano!r demon1 & :o h f\nd him to be _! "l1 z !y wall[ ab\t 9 ! great d>kness ( _! ignorance4 ,) respect1 h[ev]1 to ,ant9\s1 :o is comp>$ ) our ,jesus1 we %all n repeat :at we h already said 9 ! prec$+ pages4 8,moreov]10 he cont9ues1 8^! p]sons utt] aga9/ "o ano!r dreadful blasphemies1 say+ all mann] ( ?+s %ameful to be spok52 nor w !y yield 9 ! slighte/ po9t = ! sake ( h>mony1 hat+ ea* o!r ) a p]fect hatr$40 ,n[1 9 answ] to ?is1 we h already said t 9 philosophy & m$ic9e sects are to be f\nd w>r+ aga9/ sects4 ,we1 h[ev]1 :o are foll[]s ( ! ^w ( ,jesus1 & h ex]cis$ ourselves 9 ?9k+1 & say+1 & do+ :at is 9 h>mony ) ,8 words1 8:5 revil$1 bless2 be+ p]secut$1 we suff] x2 be+ defam$1 we entreat20#ajbf & we w\ld n utt] 8all mann] ( ?+s %ameful to be spok50 aga9/ ^? :o h adopt$ diff]5t op9ions f ours1 b1 if possible1 use e ex]tion to raise !m to a bett] condition ?r\gh adh]5ce to ! ,creator alone1 & lead !m to p]=m e act z ^? :o w "o day be judg$4 ,& if ^? :o hold diff]5t op9ions w n be conv9c$1 we obs]ve ! injunction laid d[n = ! treatm5t ( su*3 8,a man t is a h]etic1 aft] ! fir/ & second admonition1 reject1 kn[+ t he t is su* is subv]t$1 & s9ne?1 be+ condemn$ ( himself40#ajbg ,moreov]1 we :o "k ! maxim1 8,bless$ are ! peacemak]s10 & ?is also1 8,bless$ are ! meek10 w\ld n reg>d ) hatr$ ! corrupt]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 nor t]m ^? :o _h fall5 into error ,circes & flatt]+ deceiv]s4#ajbh ,footnote #ajbf3 #a ,cor4 iv4 #ab1 #ac4 ,footnote #ajbg3 ,tit4 iii4 #aj4 ,footnote #ajbh3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxiv4 ,celsus appe>s to me to h misund]/ood ! /atem5t ( ! apo/le1 :i* decl>es t 89 ! latt] times "s %all dep>t f ! fai?1 giv+ he$ to s$uc+ spirits & doctr9es ( devils1 speak+ lies 9 hypocrisy1 hav+ _! consci5ce se>$ ) a hot iron1 =bidd+ to m>ry1 & comm&+ to ab/a9 f meats1 :i* ,god ha? creat$ to be receiv$ ) ?anksgiv+ ( !m :o believe20#ajbi & to h misund]/ood also ^? :o employ$ ^! decl>ations ( ! apo/le aga9/ su* z _h corrupt$ ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,& x is ow+ to ?is cause t ,celsus has said t 8c]ta9 among ! ,*ri/ians are call$ #8caut]iz$ 9 ! e>s2'0#ajcj & also t "s are t]m$ 8enigmas10#ajca--;a t]m :i* we h nev] met4 ,! expression 8/umbl+-block0#ajcb is1 inde$1 ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ^! writ+s1--an appellation :i* we are accu/om$ to apply to ^? :o turn away simple p]sons1 & ^? :o are easily deceiv$1 f s\nd doctr9e4 ,b nei!r we1 nor1 ,i imag9e1 any o!r1 :e!r ,*ri/ian or h]etic1 "k ( any :o are /yl$ ,sir5s1 :o betray & deceive1#ajcc & /op _! e>s1 & *ange into sw9e ^? :om !y delude4 ,& yet ?is man1 :o affects to "k ev]y?+1 uses su* language z ! foll[+3 8,y may he>10 he says1 8all ^? :o diff] s widely1 & :o assail ea* o!r 9 _! disputes ) ! mo/ %ameless language1 utt]+ ! words1 #8,! _w is crucifi$ to me1 & ,i unto ! _w4'0 ,& ?is is ! only phrase :i*1 x appe>s1 ,celsus c\ld rememb] out ( ,paul's writ+s2 & yet :y %\ld we n also employ innum]able o!r quotations f ! ,scriptures1 su* z1 8,= ?\gh we d walk 9 ! fle%1 we d n w> aft] ! fle%2 7= ! weapons ( our w>f>e are n c>nal1 b mighty ?r\gh ,god to ! pull+ d[n ( /rongholds17 ca/+ d[n imag9ations1 & e high ?+ t exalte? itself aga9/ ! k ( ,god80#ajcd ,footnote #ajbi3 ,cf4 #a ,tim4 iv4 #a-c4 ,footnote #ajcj3 4 ,cf4 note 9 ,b5$ict9e ed4 ,footnote #ajca3 4 ,cf4 note 9 ,b5$ict9e ed4 ,footnote #ajcb3 4 ,footnote #ajcc3 4 ,footnote #ajcd3 ,cf4 #b ,cor4 x4 #c4 ,*apt] ,,lxv4 ,b s9ce he ass]ts t 8y may he> all ^? :o diff] s widely say+1 #8,! _w is crucifi$ to me1 & ,i unto ! _w1'0 we %all %[ ! falsity ( su* a /atem5t4 ,= !re are c]ta9 h]etical sects :i* d n receive ! epi/les ( ! ,apo/le ,paul1 z ! two sects ( ,ebionites1 & ^? :o are t]m$ ,encratites4 ,^?1 !n1 :o d n reg>d ! apo/le z a holy & wise man1 w n adopt 8 language1 & say1 8,! _w is crucifi$ to me1 & ,i unto ! _w40 ,& consequ5tly 9 ?is po9t1 too1 ,celsus is guilty ( falsehood4 ,he cont9ues1 moreov]1 to l+] ov] ! accusations :i* he br+s aga9/ ! div]sity ( sects :i* exi/1 b does n appe> to me to be accurate 9 ! language :i* he employs1 nor to h c>efully obs]v$ or und]/ood h[ x is t ^? ,*ri/ians :o h made progress 9 _! /udies say t !y are possess$ ( great] k ?an ! ,jews2 & also1 :e!r !y ackn[l$ge ! same ,scriptures1 b int]pret !m diff]5tly1 or :e!r !y d n recognise ^! books z div9e4 ,= we f9d bo? ( ^! views prevail+ among ! sects4 ,he !n cont9ues3 8,al?\gh !y h no f\ndation = _! doctr9e1 let u exam9e ! sy/em itself2 &1 9 ! fir/ place1 let u m5tion ! corruptions :i* !y h made ?r\gh ignorance & misund]/&+1 :5 9 ! discussion ( elem5t>y pr9ciples !y express _! op9ions 9 ! mo/ absurd mann] on ?+s :i* !y d n und]/&1 su* z ! foll[+40 ,& !n1 to c]ta9 expressions :i* are cont9ually 9 ! m\?s ( ! believ]s 9 ,*ri/ianity1 he opposes c]ta9 o!rs f ! writ+s ( ! philosoph]s1 ) ! object ( mak+ x appe> t ! noble s5tim5ts :i* ,celsus supposes to be us$ by ,*ri/ians h be5 express$ 9 bett] & cle>] language by ! philosoph]s1 9 ord] t he might drag away to ! /udy ( philosophy ^? :o are caught by op9ions :i* at once evid5ce _! noble & religi\s "*4 ,we %all1 h[ev]1 "h t]m9ate ! fif? book1 & beg9 ! six? ) :at foll[s4 ,,book ,,vi4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,9 beg9n+ ?is our six? book1 we desire1 my rev]5d ,ambrosius1 to answ] 9 x ^? accusations :i* ,celsus br+s aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 n1 z might be suppos$1 ^? objections :i* he has adduc$ f writ]s on philosophy4 ,= he has quot$ a consid]able numb] ( passages1 *iefly f ,plato1 & has plac$ alongside ( ^! su* decl>ations ( ,holy ,scripture z are fitt$ to impress ev5 ! intellig5t m9d2 subjo9+ ! ass]tion1 t 8^! ?+s are /at$ mu* bett] among ! ,greeks ?an 9 ! ,scriptures1 & 9 a mann] :i* is free f all exagg]ations#ajce & promises on ! "p ( ,god1 or ! ,son ( ,god40 ,n[ we ma9ta91 t if x is ! object ( ! ambassadors ( ! tru? to conf] b5efits ^u ! greate/ possible numb]1 &1 s f> z !y c1 to w9 ov] to its side1 ?r\gh _! love to m51 e "o )\t exception--intellig5t z well z simple--n ,greeks only1 b also b>b>ians 7& great1 inde$1 is ! humanity :i* %\ld succe$ 9 conv]t+ ! ru/ic & ! ignorant#ajcf71 x is manife/ t !y mu/ adopt a /yle ( address fitt$ to d good to all1 & to ga9 ov] to !m m5 ( e sort4 ,^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :o turn away#ajcg f ! ignorant z be+ m]e slaves1#ajch & unable to und]/& ! fl[+ p]iods ( a poli%$ & logical disc\rse1 & s devote _! att5tion solely to su* z h be5 br\ght up among/ lit]>y pursuits1#ajci conf9e _! views ( ! public good )9 v /rait & n>r[ limits4 ,footnote #ajce3 4 ,footnote #ajcf3 444 4 ,footnote #ajcg3 4 ,footnote #ajch3 4 ,footnote #ajci3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,i h made ^! rem>ks 9 reply to ! *>ges :i* ,celsus & o!rs br+ aga9/ ! simplicity ( ! language ( ,scripture1 :i* appe>s to be ?r[n into ! %ade by ! spl5d\r ( poli%$ disc\rse4 ,= our prophets1 & ,jesus ,himself1 & ,8 apo/les1 7 c>eful to adopt#ajdj a /yle ( address :i* %\ld n m]ely convey ! tru?1 b :i* %\ld be fitt$ to ga9 ov] ! multitude1 until ea* "o1 attract$ & l$ onw>ds1 %\ld asc5d z f> z he c\ld t[>ds ! compreh5sion ( ^? my/]ies :i* are conta9$ 9 ^! app>5tly simple words4 ,=1 if ,i may v5ture to say s1 few h be5 b5efit$ 7if !y h inde$ be5 b5efit$ at all7 by ! beautiful & poli%$ /yle ( ,plato1 & ^? :o h writt5 l him2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 _m h receiv$ advantage f ^? :o wrote & taught 9 a simple & practical mann]1 & ) a view to ! wants ( ! multitude4 ,x is easy1 inde$1 to obs]ve t ,plato is f\nd only 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o pr(ess to be lit]>y m52#ajda :ile ,epictetus is admir$ by p]sons ( ord9>y capacity1 :o h a desire to be b5efit$1 & :o p]ceive ! improvem5t :i* may be d]iv$ f 8 writ+s4 ,n[ we make ^! rem>ks1 n to disp>age ,plato 7= ! great _w ( m5 has f\nd ev5 him useful71 b to po9t out ! aim ( ^? :o said3 8,& my spee* & my prea*+ 0 n ) entic+ words ( man's wisdom1 b 9 demon/ration ( ! ,_s & ( p[]1 t our fai? %\ld n /& 9 ! wisdom ( m51 b 9 ! p[] ( ,god40#ajdb ,= ! ^w ( ,god decl>es t ! prea*+ 7al?\gh 9 itself true & mo/ wor?y ( belief7 is n suffici5t to rea* ! human he>t1 unless a c]ta9 p[] be imp>t$ to ! speak] f ,god1 & a grace appe> ^u 8 words2 & x is only by ! div9e ag5cy t ?is takes place 9 ^? :o speak effectually4 ,! prophet says 9 ! sixty-sev5? ,psalm1 t 8! ,"l w give a ^w ) great p[] to !m :o prea*40#ajdc ,if1 !n1 x %\ld be grant$ ) respect to c]ta9 po9ts1 t ! same doctr9es are f\nd among ! ,greeks z 9 our own ,scriptures1 yet !y d n possess ! same p[] ( attract+ & dispos+ ! s\ls ( m5 to foll[ !m4 ,& !re=e ! disciples ( ,jesus1 m5 ignorant s f> z reg>ds ,grecian philosophy1 yet trav]s$ _m c\ntries ( ! _w1 impress+1 agreeably to ! desire ( ! ,logos1 ea* "o ( _! he>]s accord+ to 8 des]ts1 s t !y receiv$ a moral amelioration 9 proportion to ! incl9ation ( _! w to accept ( t :i* is good4 ,footnote #ajdj3 4 ,footnote #ajda3 4 ,footnote #ajdb3 #a ,cor4 ii4 #d1 #e4 ,footnote #ajdc3 ,su* is ! read+ ( ! ,septuag9t v]sion4 ,! ,masoretic text has3 8,! ,"l gave a ^w2 ( !m :o publi%$ x !re 0 a great ho/40 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,let ! anci5t sages1 !n1 make kn[n _! say+s to ^? :o are capable ( und]/&+ !m4 ,suppose t ,plato1 = example1 ! son ( ,ari/on1 9 "o ( 8 ,epi/les1 is disc\rs+ ab\t ! 8*ief good10 & t he says1 8,! *ief good c by no means be describ$ 9 words1 b is produc$ by long habit1 & bur/s =? sudd5ly z a light 9 ! s\l1 z f a fire :i* _h leapt =?40 ,we1 !n1 on he>+ ^! words1 admit t !y are well said1 = x is ,god :o reveal$ to m5 ^! z well z all o!r noble expressions4 ,& = ?is reason x is t we ma9ta9 t ^? :o h ent]ta9$ correct ideas reg>d+ ,god1 b :o h n (f]$ to ,him a wor%ip 9 h>mony ) ! tru?1 are liable to ! puni%m5ts :i* fall on s9n]s4 ,= respect+ su* ,paul says 9 express words3 8,! wra? ( ,god is reveal$ f heav5 aga9/ all ungodl9ess & unrighte\sness ( m51 :o hold ! tru? 9 unrighte\sness2 because t :i* may be kn[n ( ,god is manife/ 9 !m2 = ,god ha? %[$ x unto !m4 ,= ! invisible ?+s ( ,him f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 ,8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead2 s t !y are )\t excuse3 because t1 :5 !y knew ,god1 !y glorifi$ ,him n z ,god1 nei!r 7 ?ankful2 b became va9 9 _! imag9ations1 & _! fooli% he>t 0 d>k5$4 ,pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise1 !y became fools1 & *ang$ ! glory ( ! incorruptible ,god into an image made l to corruptible man1 & to birds1 & f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s40#ajdd ,! tru?1 !n1 is v]ily held 9 unrighte\sness1 z our ,scriptures te/ify1 by ^? :o are ( op9ion t 8! *ief good _c be describ$ 9 words10 b :o ass]t t1 8aft] long cu/om & famili> usage1#ajde a light becomes sudd5ly k9dl$ 9 ! s\l1 z if by a fire spr++ =?1 & t x n[ supports itself alone40 ,footnote #ajdd3 ,cf4 ,rom4 i4 #ah-bc4 ,footnote #ajde3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,not)/&+1 ^? :o h writt5 9 ?is mann] reg>d+ ! 8*ief good0 w g d[n to ! ,piru & (f] pray] to ,artemis1 z if %e 7 ,god1 & w look ) approval ^u ! solemn assembly held by ignorant m52 & aft] giv+ utt]ance to philosophical rem>ks ( su* pr(undity reg>d+ ! s\l1 & describ+ its passage to a happi] _w aft] a virtu\s life1 !y pass f ^? great topics :i* ,god has reveal$ to !m1 & adopt mean & trifl+ ?\ghts1 & (f] a cock to ,esculapius6#ajdf ,& al?\gh !y _h be5 enabl$ to =m repres5tations bo? ( ! 8invisible ?+s0 ( ,god & ( ! 8ar*etypal =ms0 ( ?+s f ! creation ( ! _w1 & f ! contemplation ( s5sible ?+s1 f :i* !y asc5d to ^? objects :i* are compreh5d$ by ! und]/&+ alone1--& al?\gh !y _h no mean glimpses ( ,8 8et]nal p[] & ,godhead10#ajdg !y nev]!less became 8fooli% 9 _! imag9ations10 & _! 8fooli% he>t0 0 involv$ 9 d>kness & ignorance z to ! true wor%ip ( ,god4 ,moreov]1 we may see ^? :o greatly pride !mselves ^u _! wisdom & !ology wor%ipp+ ! image ( a corruptible man1 9 hon\r1 !y say1 ( ,him1 & sometimes ev5 desc5d+1 ) ! ,egyptians1 to ! wor%ip ( birds1 & f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s6 ,& al?\gh "s may appe> to h ris5 above su* practices1 nev]!less !y w be f\nd to h *ang$ ! tru? ( ,god into a lie1 & to wor%ip & s]ve ! 8creature m ?an ! ,creator40#ajdh ,z ! wise & le>n$ among ! ,greeks1 !n1 commit errors 9 ! s]vice :i* !y r5d] to ,god1 ,god 8*ose ! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise2 & base ?+s ( ! _w1 & ?+s t are weak1 & ?+s :i* are despis$1 & ?+s :i* are n1 to br+ to n\ght ?+s t are20#ajdi & ?is1 truly1 8t no fle% %\ld glory 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god40 ,our wise m51 h[ev]1--,moses1 ! mo/ anci5t ( !m all1 & ! prophets :o foll[$ him1--kn[+ t ! *ief good c\ld by no means be describ$ 9 words1 7 ! fir/ :o wrote t1 z ,god manife/s ,himself to ! des]v+1 & to ^? :o are qualifi$ to behold ,him1#ajej ,he appe>$ to ,abraham1 or to ,isaac1 or to ,jacob4 ,b :o ,he 0 t appe>$1 & ( :at =m1 & 9 :at mann]1 & l to :i* ( mortal be+s1#ajea !y h left to be inve/igat$ by ^? :o are able to %[ t !y resemble ^? p]sons to :om ,god %[$ ,himself3 = ,he 0 se5 n by _! bodily eyes1 b by ! pure he>t4 ,=1 accord+ to ! decl>ation ( our ,jesus1 8,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see ,god40#ajeb ,footnote #ajdf3 ,cf4 ,plato1 ,phd4 ,footnote #ajdg3 1 1 1 ' 1 etc4 ,footnote #ajdh3 ,rom4 i4 #be4 ,footnote #ajdi3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #bg1 #bh1 #bi4 ,footnote #ajej3 4 ,footnote #ajea3 4 ,boh]ellus und]/&s 1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,footnote #ajeb3 ,cf4 ,matt4 v4 #h4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,b t a light is sudd5ly k9dl$ 9 ! s\l1 z by a fire leap+ =?1 is a fact kn[n long ago to our ,scriptures2 z :5 ! prophet said1 8,light ye = y\rselves ! light ( k40#ajec ,john also1 :o liv$ aft] him1 said1 8,t :i* 0 9 ! ,logos 0 life1 & ! life 0 ! light ( m520#ajed :i* 8true light light5e? e man t come? into ! _w0 7i4e4 ! true _w1 :i* is p]ceiv$ by ! und]/&+#ajee71 & make? him a light ( ! _w3 8,= ?is light %one 9 our he>ts1 to give ! light ( ! glori\s gospel ( ,god 9 ! face ( ,*ri/ ,jesus40#ajef ,& !re=e t v anci5t prophet1 :o prophesi$ _m g5]ations be=e ! reign ( ,cyrus 7= he 0 old] ?an he by m ?an f\rte5 g5]ations71 express$ himself 9 ^! words3 8,! ,"l is my light & my salvation3 :om %all ,i fe>80#ajeg &1 8,?y law is a lamp unto my feet1 & a light unto my pa?20#ajeh & aga91 8,! light ( ,?y c\nt5ance1 ,o ,"l1 0 manife/$ t[>ds u20#ajei &1 8,9 ,?y light we %all see light40#ajfj ,& ! ,logos1 exhort+ u to come to ?is light1 says1 9 ! prophecies ( ,isaiah3 8,enlight5 ?yself1 enlight5 ?yself1 ,o ,j]usalem2 = ?y light is come1 & ! glory ( ! ,"l is ris5 ^u !e40#ajfa ,! same prophet also1 :5 pr$ict+ ! adv5t ( ,jesus1 :o 0 to turn away m5 f ! wor%ip ( idols1 & ( images1 & ( demons1 says1 8,to ^? t sat 9 ! l& & %ad[ ( dea?1 ^u !m ha? ! light aris520#ajfb & aga91 8,! p t sat 9 d>kness saw a great light40#ajfc ,obs]ve n[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! f9e phrases ( ,plato respect+ ! 8*ief good10 & ! decl>ations ( our prophets reg>d+ ! 8light0 ( ! bless$2 & notice t ! tru? z x is conta9$ 9 ,plato conc]n+ ?is subject did n at all help 8 read]s to atta9 to a pure wor%ip ( ,god1 nor ev5 himself1 :o c\ld philosophize s gr&ly ab\t ! 8*ief good10 :]eas ! simple language ( ! ,holy ,scriptures has l$ to _! hone/ read]s be+ fill$ ) a div9e _s2#ajfd & ?is light is n\ri%$ )9 !m by ! oil1 :i* 9 a c]ta9 p>able is said to h pres]v$ ! light ( ! tor*es ( ! five wise virg9s4#ajfe ,footnote #ajec3 ,hos4 x4 #ab4 7,,lxx474 ,! ,masoretic text is1 1 :]e = 7& "t7 ! ,septuag9t translator app>5tly read 7k71 & be+ int]*ang$ f _! simil>ity4 ,footnote #ajed3 ,cf4 ,john i4 #c1 #d4 ,footnote #ajee3 4 ,footnote #ajef3 ,cf4 #b ,cor4 iv4 #f4 ,footnote #ajeg3 ,ps4 xxvii4 #a 7attribut$ to ,david74 ,footnote #ajeh3 ,ps4 cxix4 #aje4 ,footnote #ajei3 ,ps4 iv4 #f 7,heb4 8,lift ^u u10 etc474 ,footnote #ajfj3 ,ps4 xxxvi4 #i4 ,footnote #ajfa3 ,cf4 ,isa4 lx4 #a4 ,footnote #ajfb3 ,cf4 ,isa4 ix4 #b4 ,footnote #ajfc3 ,cf4 ,isa4 ix4 #b4 ,footnote #ajfd3 4 ,footnote #ajfe3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxv4 #d4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,see+1 h[ev]1 t ,celsus quotes f an epi/le ( ,plato ano!r /atem5t to ! foll[+ effect1 viz43 8,if x appe>$ to me t ^! matt]s c\ld be adequately expla9$ to ! multitude 9 writ+ & 9 oral address1 :at nobl] pursuit 9 life c\ld h be5 foll[$ by me1 ?an to commit to writ+ :at 0 to prove ( su* advantage to human be+s1 & to lead ! nature ( all m5 onw>ds to ! light80--let u !n consid] ?is po9t briefly1 viz4 :e!r or n ,plato 7 acqua9t$ ) any doctr9es m pr(\nd ?an are conta9$ 9 8 writ+s1 or m div9e ?an ^? :i* he has left beh9d him1 leav+ x to ea* "o to inve/igate ! subject accord+ to 8 ability1 :ile we demon/rate t our prophets did "k ( great] ?+s ?an any 9 ! ,scriptures1 b :i* !y did n commit to writ+4 ,ezekiel1 e4g41 receiv$ a roll1#ajff writt5 )9 & )\t1 9 :i* 7 conta9$ 8lam5tations10 & 8songs10 & 8d5unciations20#ajfg b at ! comm& ( ! ,logos he swall[$ ! book1 9 ord] t its cont5ts might n be writt51 & s made kn[n to unwor?y p]sons4 ,john also is record$ to h se5 & done a simil> ?+4#ajfh ,nay1 ,paul ev5 he>d 8unspeakable words1 :i* x is n lawful = a man to utt]40#ajfi ,& x is relat$ ( ,jesus1 :o 0 great] ?an all ^!1 t ,he conv]s$ ) ,8 disciples 9 private1 & especially 9 _! secret retreats1 conc]n+ ! gospel ( ,god2 b ! words :i* ,he utt]$ h n be5 pres]v$1 because x appe>$ to ! evangeli/s t !y c\ld n be adequately convey$ to ! multitude 9 writ+ or 9 spee*4 ,& if x 7 n tiresome to repeat ! tru? reg>d+ ^! illu/ri\s individuals1 ,i w\ld say t !y saw bett] ?an ,plato 7by means ( ! intellig5ce :i* !y receiv$ by ! grace ( ,god71 :at ?+s 7 to be committ$ to writ+1 & h[ ?is 0 to be done1 & :at 0 by no means to be writt5 to ! multitude1 & :at 0 to be express$ 9 words1 & :at 0 n to be s convey$4 ,& once m1 ,john1 9 tea*+ u ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at ought to be committ$ to writ+ & :at n1 decl>es t he he>d sev5 ?und]s in/ruct+ him on c]ta9 matt]s1 & =bidd+ him to commit _! words to writ+4#ajgj ,footnote #ajff3 4 ,footnote #ajfg3 2 cf4 ,ezek4 ii4 #i1 #aj4 ,footnote #ajfh3 ,cf4 ,apoc4 x4 #i4 ,footnote #ajfi3 #b ,cor4 xii4 #d4 ,footnote #ajgj3 ,cf4 ,apoc4 x4 #d4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,!re might also be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,moses & ( ! prophets1 :o are old] n only ?an ,plato1 b ev5 ?an ,hom] & ! inv5tion ( lett]s among ! ,greeks1 passages wor?y ( ! grace ( ,god be/[$ ^u !m1 & fill$ ) great ?\ghts1 to :i* !y gave utt]ance1 b n because !y und]/ood ,plato imp]fectly1 z ,celsus imag9es4 ,= h[ 0 x possible t !y %\ld h he>d "o :o 0 n yet born8 ,& if any "o %\ld apply ! words ( ,celsus to ! apo/les ( ,jesus1 :o 7 y\ng] ?an ,plato1 say :e!r x is n on ! v face ( x an incr$ible ass]tion1 t ,paul ! t5tmak]1 & ,pet] ! fi%]man1 & ,john :o left 8 fa!r's nets1 %\ld1 ?r\gh misund]/&+ ! language ( ,plato 9 8 ,epi/les1 h express$ !mselves z !y h done reg>d+ ,god8 ,b z ,celsus n[1 aft] hav+ (t5 requir$ ( u imm$iate ass5t to 8 views1 z if he 7 babbl+ =? some?+ new 9 addition to :at he has already advanc$1 only repeats himself1#ajga :at we h said 9 reply may suffice4 ,see+1 h[ev]1 he produces ano!r quotation f ,plato1 9 :i* he ass]ts t ! employm5t ( ! me?od ( "q & answ] %$s light on ! ?\ghts ( ^? :o philosophize l him1 let u %[ f ! ,holy ,scriptures t ! ^w ( ,god also enc\rages u to ! practice ( dialectics3 ,solomon1 e4g4 decl>+ 9 "o passage1 t 8in/ruction unque/ion$ goes a/ray20#ajgb & ,jesus ! son ( ,sira*1 :o has left u ! treatise call$ 8,wisdom10 decl>+ 9 ano!r1 t 8! k ( ! unwise is z words t w n /& inve/igation40#ajgc ,our me?ods ( discussion1 h[ev]1 are r ( a g5tle k9d2 = we h le>n$ t he :o presides ov] ! prea*+ ( ! ^w ought to be able to confute ga9say]s4 ,b if "s cont9ue indol5t1 & d n tra9 !mselves s z to att5d to ! read+ ( ! ^w1 & 8to se>* ! ,scriptures10 &1 agreeably to ! comm& ( ,jesus1 to inve/igate ! mean+ ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 & to ask ( ,god conc]n+ !m1 & to keep 8knock+0 at :at may be clos$ )9 !m1 ! ,scripture is n on t acc\nt to be reg>d$ z devoid ( wisdom4 ,footnote #ajga3 1 4 ,guietus ?us am5ds ! passage3 1 1 etc4 ,boh]ellus w\ld *ange into 4 ,footnote #ajgb3 2 cf4 ,prov4 x4 #ag4 ,footnote #ajgc3 1 2 cf4 ,ecclus4 xxi4 #ah4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,9 ! next place1 aft] o!r ,platonic decl>ations1 :i* demon/rate t 8! good0 c be kn[n by few1 he adds3 8,s9ce ! multitude1 be+ puff$ up ) a contempt = o!rs1 :i* is f> f "r1 & be+ fill$ ) va9 & l(ty hopes1 ass]t t1 because !y h come to ! k ( "s v5]able doctr9es1 c]ta9 ?+s are true40 8,yet al?\gh ,plato pr$ict$ ^! ?+s1 he nev]!less does n talk m>vels1#ajgd nor %ut ! m\? ( ^? :o wi% to ask him = in=mation on ! subject ( 8 promises2 nor does he comm& !m to come at once & believe t a ,god ( a p>ticul> k9d exi/s1 & t he has a son ( a p>ticul> nature1 :o desc5d$ to e>? & conv]s$ ) me40 ,n[1 9 answ] to ?is we h to say1 t ) reg>d to ,plato1 x is ,ari/&]1 ,i ?9k1 :o has relat$ t he 0 n ! son ( ,ari/on1 b ( a phantom1 :i* approa*$ ,amphictione 9 ! guise ( ,apollo4 ,& !re are sev]al o!r ( ! foll[]s ( ,plato :o1 9 _! lives ( _! ma/]1 h made ! same /atem5t4 ,:at are we to say1 moreov]1 ab\t ,py?agoras1 :o relates ! greate/ possible am\nt ( wond]s1 & :o1 9 a g5]al assembly ( ! ,greeks1 %[$ 8 ivory ?igh1 & ass]t$ t he recognis$ ! %ield :i* he wore :5 he 0 ,euphorbus1 & :o is said to h appe>$ on "o day 9 two diff]5t cities6 ,he1 moreov]1 :o w decl>e t :at is relat$ ( ,plato & ,socrates belongs to ! m>vell\s1 w quote ! /ory ( ! swan :i* 0 recomm5d$ to ,socrates :ile he 0 asleep1 & ( ! ma/] say+ :5 he met ! "y man1 8,?is1 !n1 0 ! swan60#ajge ,nay1 ! ?ird eye :i* ,plato saw t he himself possess$1 he w ref] to ! category ( prodigies4#ajgf ,b occasion = sl&]\s accusations w nev] be want+ to ^? :o are ill-dispos$1 & :o wi% to speak evil ( :at has happ5$ to su* z are rais$ above ! multitude4 ,su* p]sons w d]ide z a fiction ev5 ! demon ( ,socrates4 ,we d n1 !n1 relate m>vels :5 we n>rate ! hi/ory ( ,jesus1 nor h ,8 g5u9e disciples record$ any su* /ories ( ,him2 :]eas ?is ,celsus1 :o pr(esses univ]sal k1 & :o quotes _m ( ! say+s ( ,plato1 is1 ,i ?9k1 int5tionally sil5t on ! disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,son ( ,god :i* is relat$ 9 ,plato's epi/le to ,h]meas & ,coriscus4 ,plato's words are z foll[s3 8,& call+ to witness ! ,god ( all ?+s--! rul] bo? ( ?+s pres5t & ?+s to come1 fa!r & "l bo? ( ! rul] & cause--:om1 if we are philosoph]s inde$1 we %all all cle>ly "k1 s f> z x is possible = happy human be+s to atta9 su* k40#ajgg ,footnote #ajgd3 4 ,footnote #ajge3 ,! night be=e ,ari/on br\ght ,plato to ,socrates z 8 pupil1 ! latt] dream$ t a swan f ! alt> ( ,cupid alight$ on 8 bosom4 ,cf4 ,pausanias 9 ,atticis1 p4 #eh4 ,footnote #ajgf3 8,alicubi =san occurrit3 me v]o uspiam legisse non mem9i4 ,cr$o ,platonem p] t]tium oculum suam et sci5tiam1 qu cet]is anteibat1 d5ot>e voluisse40--,,sp5c]4 ,footnote #ajgg3 ,plato1 ,epi/4 vi4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,celsus quotes ano!r say+ ( ,plato to ! foll[+ effect3 8,x has occurr$ to me to speak once m ^u ^! subjects at great] l5g?1 z p]haps ,i might express myself ab\t !m m cle>ly ?an ,i h already done3 = !re is a c]ta9 #8real' cause1 :i* proves a h9drance 9 ! way ( him :o has v5tur$1 ev5 to a slight ext5t1 to write on su* topics2 & z ?is has be5 frequ5tly m5tion$ by me on =m] occasions1 x appe>s to me t x ought to be /at$ n[4 ,9 ea* ( exi/+ ?+s1 :i* are necess>ily employ$ 9 ! acquisition ( k1 !re are ?ree elem5ts2 k itself is ! f\r?2 & t ought to be laid d[n z ! fif? :i* is bo? capable ( be+ kn[n & is true4 ,( ^!1 "o is #8"n2' ! second is #8^w2' ! ?ird1 #8image2' ! f\r?1 #8k4'0#ajgh ,n[1 accord+ to ?is division1 ,john is introduc$ be=e ,jesus z ! voice ( "o cry+ 9 ! wild]ness1 s z to correspond ) ! 8"n0 ( ,plato2 & ! second aft] ,john1 :o is po9t$ out by him1 is ,jesus1 ) :om agrees ! /atem5t1 8,! ,^w became fle%10 & t corresponds to ! 8^w0 ( ,plato4 ,plato t]ms ! ?ird 8image20 b we1 :o apply ! expression 8image0 to some?+ diff]5t1 w\ld say ) great] precision1 t ! m>k ( ! w\nds :i* is made 9 ! s\l by ! ^w is ! ,*ri/ :i* is 9 ea* "o ( u1 & ?is m>k is impress$ by ,*ri/ ! ,^w4#ajgi ,& :e!r ,*ri/1 ! wisdom :i* is 9 ^? ( u :o are p]fect1 correspond to ! 8f\r?0 elem5t--k--w become kn[n to him :o has ! capacity to asc]ta9 x4 ,footnote #ajgh3 1 1 1 1 4 ,footnote #ajgi3 1 1 4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,he next cont9ues3 8,y see h[ ,plato1 al?\gh ma9ta9+ t ! *ief good _c be describ$ 9 words1 yet1 to avoid ! appe>ance ( retreat+ to an irrefutable position1 subjo9s a reason 9 explanation ( ?is difficulty1 z ev5 #8no?+'#ajhj might p]haps be expla9$ 9 words40 ,b z ,celsus adduces ?is to prove t we ought n to yield a simple ass5t1 b to furni% a reason = our belief1 we %all quote also ! words ( ,paul1 :]e he says1 9 c5sur+ ! ha/y#ajha believ]1 8unless ye h believ$ inconsid]ately40#ajhb ,n[1 ?r\gh 8 practice ( repeat+ himself1 ,celsus1 s f> z he c1 =ces u to be guilty ( tautology1 reit]at+1 aft] ! boa/ful language :i* has be5 quot$1 t 8,plato is n guilty ( boa/+ & falsehood1 giv+ out t he has made "s new discov]y1 or t he has come d[n f heav5 to ann\nce x1 b ackn[l$ges :5ce ^! /atem5ts are d]iv$40 ,n[1 if "o wi%$ to reply to ,celsus1 "o might say 9 answ] to su* ass]tions1 t ev5 ,plato is guilty ( boa/+1 :5 9 ! ,timu he puts ! foll[+ language 9 ! m\? ( ,zeus3 8,gods ( gods1 ^: creator & fa!r ,i am10 & s on4 ,& if any "o w def5d su* language on acc\nt ( ! mean+ :i* is convey$ "u ! "n ( ,zeus1 ?us speak+ 9 ! dialogue ( ,plato1 :y %\ld n he :o inve/igates ! mean+ ( ! words ( ! ,son ( ,god1 or ^? ( ! ,creator#ajhc 9 ! prophets1 express a pr(\nd] mean+ ?an any convey$ by ! words ( ,zeus 9 ! ,timu8 ,= ! *>act]i/ic ( div9ity is ! ann\ncem5t ( future ev5ts1 pr$ict$ n by human p[]1 b %[n by ! result to be due to a div9e _s 9 him :o made ! ann\ncem5t4 ,accord+ly1 we d n say to ea* ( our he>]s1 8,believe1 fir/ ( all1 t ,he :om ,i introduce to !e is ! ,son ( ,god20 b we put ! gospel be=e ea* "o1 z 8 "* & disposition may fit him to receive x1 inasmu* z we h le>n$ to "k 8h[ we ought to answ] e man40#ajhd ,& !re are "s :o are capable ( receiv+ no?+ m ?an an exhortation to believe1 & to ^! we address t alone2 :ile we approa* o!rs1 aga91 z f> z possible1 9 ! way ( demon/ration1 by means ( "q & answ]4 ,nor d we at all say1 z ,celsus sc(f+ly alleges1 8,believe t ,he :om ,i introduce to !e is ! ,son ( ,god1 al?\gh ,he 0 %amefully b\nd1 & disgracefully puni%$1 & v rec5tly#ajhe 0 mo/ contumeli\sly treat$ be=e ! eyes ( all m520 nei!r d we add1 8,believe x ev5 ! m on t acc\nt40 ,= x is our endeav\r to /ate1 on ea* individual po9t1 argum5ts m num]\s ev5 ?an we h br\ght =w>d 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,footnote #ajhj3 4 ,footnote #ajha3 4 ,footnote #ajhb3 #a ,cor4 xv4 #b4 ,footnote #ajhc3 4 ,footnote #ajhd3 ,cf4 ,col4 iv4 #f4 ,footnote #ajhe3 4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,aft] ?is ,celsus cont9ues3 8,if ^! 7mean+ ! ,*ri/ians7 br+ =w>d ?is p]son1 & o!rs1 aga91 a diff]5t individual z ! ,*ri/1 :ile ! common & ready cry#ajhf ( all p>ties is1 #8,believe1 if ?\ wilt be sav$1 or else begone1' :at %all ^? d :o are 9 e>ne/ ab\t _! salvation8 ,%all !y ca/ ! dice1 9 ord] to div9e :i!r !y may betake !mselves1 & :om !y %all jo980 ,n[ we %all answ] ?is objection 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 z ! cle>ness ( ! case impels u to d4 ,if x _h be5 record$ t sev]al individuals _h appe>$ 9 human life z sons ( ,god 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ,jesus did1 & if ea* ( !m _h drawn a p>ty ( adh]5ts to 8 side1 s t1 on acc\nt ( ! simil>ity ( ! pr(ession 9 ! case ( ea* individual t he 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 he to :om 8 foll[]s bore te/imony to t effect 0 an object ( dispute1 !re w\ld h be5 gr\nd = 8 say+1 8,if ^! br+ =w>d ?is p]son1 & o!rs a diff]5t individual1 :ile ! common & ready cry ( all p>ties is1 #8,believe1 if ?\ wilt be sav$1 or else begone1'0 & s on2 :]eas x has be5 proclaim$ to ! entire _w t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! only ,son ( ,god :o visit$ ! human race3 = ^? :o1 l ,celsus1 h suppos$ t ! acts ( ,jesus 7 a s]ies ( prodigies1#ajhg & :o = t reason wi%$ to p]=m acts ( ! same k9d1#ajhh t !y1 too1 might ga9 a simil> ma/]y ov] ! m9ds ( m51 7 convict$ ( be+ utt] non5tities4#ajhi ,su* 7 ,simon1 ! ,magus ( ,sam>ia1 & ,dosi!us1 :o 0 a native ( ! same place2 s9ce ! =m] gave out t he 0 ! p[] ( ,god t is call$ great1#ajij & ! latt] t he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,n[ ,simonians are f\nd n[h]e ?r\gh\t ! _w2 & yet1 9 ord] to ga9 ov] to himself _m foll[]s1 ,simon fre$ 8 disciples f ! dang] ( dea?1 :i* ! ,*ri/ians 7 taught to pref]1 by tea*+ !m to reg>d idolatry z a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,b ev5 at ! beg9n+ ( _! exi/5ce ! foll[]s ( ,simon 7 n expos$ to p]secution4 ,= t wick$ demon :o 0 conspir+ aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ,jesus1 0 well aw>e t none ( 8 own maxims w\ld be weak5$ by ! tea*+ ( ,simon4 ,! ,dosi!ans1 aga91 ev5 9 =m] times1 did n rise to any em95ce1 & n[ !y are completely ext+ui%$1 s t x is said _! :ole numb] does n am\nt to ?irty4 ,judas ( ,galilee also1 z ,luke relates 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1#ajia wi%$ to call himself "s great p]sonage1 z did ,!udas be=e him2 b z _! doctr9e 0 n ( ,god1 !y 7 de/roy$1 & all :o obey$ !m 7 imm$iately disp]s$4 ,we d n1 !n1 8ca/ ! dice 9 ord] to div9e :i!r we %all betake ourselves1 & :om we %all jo910 z if !re 7 _m claimants able to draw u aft] !m by ! pr(ession ( _! hav+ come d[n f ,god to visit ! human race4 ,on ^! po9ts1 h[ev]1 we h said en\gh4 ,footnote #ajhf3 4 ,= 1 ,boh]ellus reads 4 ,footnote #ajhg3 4 ,! ^w =m]ly /ood1 9 ! text ( ,sp5c] & ,rueus1 be=e 1 b is prop]ly expung$1 z aris+ f ! prec$+ 4 ,boh]ellus rem>ks3 8,=te aliud quid excid]it1 v]bi grati1 40 ,footnote #ajhh3 4 ,footnote #ajhi3 4 ,footnote #ajij3 ,cf4 ,acts viii4 #aj4 ,footnote #ajia3 ,cf4 ,acts v4 #cf1 #cg4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,accord+ly1 let u pass on to ano!r *>ge made by ,celsus1 :o is n ev5 acqua9t$ ) ! words ( our sacr$ books1 b :o1 f misund]/&+ !m1 has said t 8we decl>e ! wisdom t is among m5 to be fooli%ness ) ,god20 ,paul hav+ said t 8! wisdom ( ! _w is fooli%ness ) ,god40#ajib ,celsus says t 8! reason ( ?is has be5 /at$ long ago40 ,& ! reason he imag9es to be1 8our desire to w9 ov] by means ( ?is say+ ! ignorant & fooli% alone40 ,b1 z he himself has intimat$1 he has said ! same ?+ be=e2 & we1 to ! be/ ( our ability1 repli$ to x4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 h[ev]1 he wi%$ to %[ t ?is /atem5t 0 an inv5tion#ajic ( ours1 & borr[$ f ! ,grecian sages1 :o decl>e t human wisdom is ( "o k9d1 & div9e ( ano!r4 ,& he quotes ! words ( ,h]aclitus1 :]e he says 9 "o passage1 t 8man's me?od ( action is n regulat$ by fix$ pr9ciples1 b t ( ,god is20#ajid & 9 ano!r1 t 8a fooli% man li/5s to a demon1 z a boy does to a man40 ,he quotes1 moreov]1 ! foll[+ f ! ,apology ( ,socrates1 ( :i* ,plato 0 ! au?or3 8,= ,i1 ,o m5 ( ,a!ns1 h obta9$ ?is "n by no o!r means ?an by my wisdom4 ,& ( :at sort is ?is wisdom8 ,su*1 probably1 z is human2 = 9 t respect ,i v5ture to ?9k t ,i am 9 reality wise40#ajie ,su* are ! passages adduc$ by ,celsus4 ,b ,i %all subjo9 also ! foll[+ f ,plato's lett] to ,h]meas1 & ,era/us1 & ,coriscus3 8,to ,era/us & ,coriscus ,i say1 al?\gh ,i am an old man1 t1 9 addition to ?is noble k ( #8=ms' :i* !y possess1 !y ne$ a wisdom1 ) reg>d to ! class ( wick$ & unju/ p]sons1 :i* may s]ve z a protective & repell+ =ce aga9/ !m4 ,= !y are inexp]i5c$1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ pass$ a l>ge portion ( _! lives ) u1 :o are mod]ate#ajif individuals1 & n wick$4 ,i h accord+ly said t !y ne$ ^! ?+s1 9 ord] t !y may n be compell$ to neglect ! true wisdom1 & to apply !mselves 9 a great] degree ?an is prop] to t :i* is necess>y & human40 ,footnote #ajib3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ai4 ,footnote #ajic3 4 ,footnote #ajid3 1 4 ,footnote #ajie3 ,cf4 ,plato's ,apolog4 ,footnote #ajif3 4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,accord+ to ! =ego+1 !n1 ! "o k9d ( wisdom is human1 & ! o!r div9e4 ,n[ ! 8human0 wisdom is t :i* is t]m$ by u ! wisdom ( ! 8_w10 :i* is 8fooli%ness ) ,god20 :]eas ! 8div9e0--be+ diff]5t f ! 8human10 because x is 8div9e0--comes1 ?r\gh ! grace ( ,god :o be/[s x1 to ^? :o h ev9c$ _! capacity = receiv+ x1 & especially to ^? :o1 f kn[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ei!r k9d ( wisdom1 say1 9 _! pray]s to ,god1 8,ev5 if "o among ! sons ( m5 be p]fect1 :ile ! wisdom is want+ t comes f ,!e1 he %all be acc\nt$ z no?+40#ajig ,we ma9ta91 inde$1 t 8human0 wisdom is an ex]cise = ! s\l1 b t 8div9e0 wisdom is ! 8end10 be+ also t]m$ ! 8/rong0 meat ( ! s\l by him :o has said t 8/rong meat belonge? to !m t are p]fect1#ajih ev5 ^? :o by reason ( use h _! s5ses ex]cis$ to disc]n bo? good & evil40#ajii ,?is op9ion1 moreov]1 is truly an anci5t "o1 its antiquity n be+ ref]r$ back1 z ,celsus ?9ks1 m]ely to ,h]aclitus & ,plato4 ,= be=e ^! individuals liv$1 ! prophets di/+ui%$ betwe5 ! two k9ds ( wisdom4 ,x is suffici5t = ! pres5t to quote f ! words ( ,david :at he says reg>d+ ! man :o is wise1 accord+ to div9e wisdom1 t 8he w n see corruption :5 he beholds wise m5 dy+40#aajj ,div9e wisdom1 accord+ly1 be+ diff]5t f fai?1 is ! 8fir/0 ( ! s-call$ 8*>ismata0 ( ,god2 & ! 8second0 aft] x--9 ! e/imation ( ^? :o "k h[ to di/+ui% su* ?+s accurately--is :at is call$ 8k20#aaja & ! 8?ird0--see+ t ev5 ! m simple class ( m5 :o adh]e to ! s]vice ( ,god1 s f> z !y c1 mu/ be sav$--is fai?4 ,& !re=e ,paul says3 8,to "o is giv5 by ! ,_s ! ^w ( wisdom1 to ano!r ! ^w ( k by ! same ,_s1 to ano!r fai? by ! same ,_s40#aajb ,& !re=e x is no ord9>y individuals :om y w f9d to h p>ticipat$ 9 ! 8div9e0 wisdom1 b ! m excell5t & di/+ui%$ among ^? :o h giv5 9 _! adh]5ce to ,*ri/ianity2 = x is n 8to ! mo/ ignorant1 or s]vile1 or mo/ un9/ruct$ ( mank9d10 t "o w\ld disc\rse ^u ! topics relat+ to ! div9e wisdom4 ,footnote #ajig3 ,cf4 ,wisd4 ( ,sol4 ix4 #f4 ,footnote #ajih3 4 ,footnote #ajii3 ,heb4 v4 #ad4 ,footnote #aajj3 ,ps4 xlix4 #i1 #aj 7,,lxx474 ,footnote #aaja3 4 ,footnote #aajb3 #a ,cor4 xii4 #h1 #i4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,9 designat+ o!rs by ! epi!ts ( 8un9/ruct$1 & s]vile1 & ignorant10 ,celsus1 ,i suppose1 means ^? :o are n acqua9t$ ) 8 laws1 nor tra9$ 9 ! bran*es ( ,greek le>n+2 :ile we1 on ! o!r h&1 deem ^? to be 8un9/ruct$0 :o are n a%am$ to address supplications to inanimate objects1 & to call ^u ^? = heal? t h no /r5g?1 & to ask ! dead = life1 & to entreat ! helpless = assi/ance4#aajc ,& al?\gh "s may say t ^! objects are n gods1 b only imitations & symbols ( real div9ities1 nev]!less ^! v individuals1 9 imag9+ t ! h&s ( l[ me*anics#aajd c frame imitations ( div9ity1 are 8un9/ruct$1 & s]vile1 & ignorant20 = we ass]t t ! l[e/#aaje among u h be5 set free f ?is ignorance & want ( k1 :ile ! mo/ intellig5t c und]/& & grasp ! div9e hope4 ,we d n ma9ta91 h[ev]1 t x is impossible = "o :o has n be5 tra9$ 9 e>?ly wisdom to receive ! 8div9e10 b we d ackn[l$ge t all human wisdom is 8folly0 9 comp>ison ) ! 8div9e40 ,9 ! next place1 in/ead ( endeav\r+ to adduce reasons1 z he ought1 = 8 ass]tions1 he t]ms u 8sorc]]s10#aajf & ass]ts t 8we flee away ) headlong spe$#aajg f ! m poli%$#aajh class ( p]sons1 because !y are n suitable subjects = our impositions1 :ile we seek to decoy#aaji ^? :o are m ru/ic40 ,n[ he did n obs]ve t f ! v beg9n+ our wise m5 7 tra9$ 9 ! ext]nal bran*es ( le>n+3 ,moses1 e4g41 9 all ! wisdom ( ! ,egyptians2 ,daniel1 & ,ananias1 & ,az>iah1 & ,mi%ael1 9 all ,assyrian le>n+1 s t !y 7 f\nd to surpass 9 t5fold degree all ! wise m5 ( t c\ntry4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 moreov]1 ! *ur*es h1 9 proportion to ! multitudes ( ord9>y believ]s1 a few 8wise0 m51 :o h come ov] to !m f t wisdom :i* is said by u to be 8accord+ to ! fle%20#aaaj & !y h also "s :o h advanc$ f x to t wisdom :i* is 8div9e40 ,footnote #aajc3 1 1 1 4 ,footnote #aajd3 4 ,footnote #aaje3 4 ,footnote #aajf3 4 ,footnote #aajg3 4 ,footnote #aajh3 4 ,footnote #aaji3 4 ,footnote #aaaj3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #bf4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,celsus1 9 ! next place1 z "o :o has he>d ! subject ( humility greatly talk$ ab\t1#aaaa b :o has n be5 at ! pa9s to und]/& x1#aaab w\ld wi% to speak evil ( t humility :i* is practis$ among u1 & imag9es t x is borr[$ f "s words ( ,plato imp]fectly und]/ood1 :]e he expresses himself 9 ! ,laws z foll[s3 8,n[ ,god1 accord+ to ! anci5t acc\nt1 hav+ 9 ,himself bo? ! beg9n+ & end & middle ( all exi/+ ?+s1 proce$s accord+ to nature1 & m>*es /raight on4#aaac ,he is con/antly foll[$ by ju/ice1 :i* is ! av5g] ( all brea*es ( ! div9e law3 he :o is ab\t to become happy foll[s h] closely 9 humility1 & becom+ly adorn$40#aaad ,he did n obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t 9 writ]s mu* old] ?an ,plato ! foll[+ words occur 9 a pray]3 8,"l1 my he>t is n haughty1 nor m9e eyes l(ty1 nei!r d ,i walk 9 great matt]s1 nor 9 ?+s too wond]ful = me2 if ,i _h n be5 humble10#aaae etc4 ,n[ ^! words %[ t he :o is ( humble m9d does n by any means humble himself 9 an unseemly or inauspici\s mann]1 fall+ d[n ^u 8 knees1 or ca/+ himself headlong on ! gr\nd1 putt+ on ! dress ( ! mis]able1 or spr9kl+ himself ) du/4 ,b he :o is ( humble m9d 9 ! s5se ( ! prophet1 :ile 8walk+ 9 great & wond]ful ?+s10 :i* are above 8 capacity--viz4 ^? doctr9es t are truly great1 & ^? ?\ghts t are wond]ful--8humbles himself "u ! mighty h& ( ,god40 ,if !re are "s1 h[ev]1 :o ?r\gh _! /upidity#aaaf h n cle>ly und]/ood ! doctr9e ( humiliation1 & act z !y d1 x is n our doctr9e :i* is to be blam$2 b we mu/ ext5d our =giv5ess to ! /upidity#aaag ( ^? :o aim at high] ?+s1 & ow+ to _! fatuity ( m9d#aaah fail to atta9 !m4 ,he :o is 8humble & becom+ly adorn$10 is s 9 a great] degree ?an ,plato's 8humble & becom+ly adorn$0 individual3 = he is becom+ly adorn$1 on ! "o h&1 because 8he walks 9 ?+s great & wond]ful10 :i* are beyond 8 capacity2 & humble1 on ! o!r h&1 because1 :ile be+ 9 ! mid/ ( su*1 he yet volunt>ily humbles himself1 n "u any "o at r&om1 b "u 8! mighty h& ( ,god10 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! tea*] ( su* in/ruction1 8:o did n deem equality ) ,god a ?+ to be eag]ly clung to1 b made ,himself ( no reputation1 & took on ,him ! =m ( a s]vant1 & be+ f\nd 9 fa%ion z a man1 humbl$ ,himself1 & became ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross40#aaai ,& s great is ?is doctr9e ( humiliation1 t x has no ord9>y individual z its tea*]2 b our great ,savi\r ,himself says3 8,le>n ( me1 = ,i am meek & l[ly ( he>t1 & ye %all f9d re/ = y\r s\ls40#aabj ,footnote #aaaa3 4 ,footnote #aaab3 4 ,footnote #aaac3 4 ,footnote #aaad3 ,plato1 de ,legibus1 iv4 ,footnote #aaae3 ,ps4 cxxxi4 #a1 #b 7,,lxx474 ,! clause1 8,if ,i _h n be5 humble10 seems to belong to ! foll[+ v]se4 ,footnote #aaaf3 4 ,footnote #aaag3 4 ,footnote #aaah3 4 ,footnote #aaai3 ,cf4 ,phil4 ii4 #f1 #h4 ,footnote #aabj3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xi4 #bj4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,9 ! next place1 ) reg>d to ! decl>ation ( ,jesus aga9/ ri* m51 :5 ,he said1 8,x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le1 ?an = a ri* man to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god10#aaba ,celsus alleges t ?is say+ manife/ly proce$$ f ,plato1 & t ,jesus p]v]t$ ! words ( ! philosoph]1 :i* 71 t 8x 0 impossible to be di/+ui%$ = goodness1 & at ! same "t = ri*es40#aabb ,n[ :o is !re t is capable ( giv+ ev5 mod]ate att5tion to affairs--n m]ely among ! believ]s on ,jesus1 b among ! re/ ( mank9d--t w\ld n laugh at ,celsus1 on he>+ t ,jesus1 :o 0 born & br\ght up among ! ,jews1 & 0 suppos$ to be ! son ( ,joseph ! c>p5t]1 & :o _h n /udi$ lit]ature--n m]ely t ( ! ,greeks1 b n ev5 t ( ! ,hebrews--z ! tru?-lov+ ,scriptures te/ify reg>d+ ,him1#aabc _h read ,plato1 & be+ pleas$ ) ! op9ion he express$ reg>d+ ri* m51 to ! effect t 8x 0 impossible to be di/+ui%$ = goodness & ri*es at ! same "t10 _h p]v]t$ ?is1 & *ang$ x into1 8,x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le1 ?an = a ri* man to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god60 ,n[1 if ,celsus _h n p]us$ ! ,gospels 9 a _s ( hatr$ & dislike1 b _h be5 imbu$ ) a love ( tru?1 he w\ld h turn$ 8 att5tion to ! po9t :y a camel--t "o ( animals :i*1 z reg>ds its physical /ructure1 is crook$--0 *os5 z an object ( comp>ison ) a ri* man1 & :at signification ! 8n>r[ eye ( a ne$le0 _h = him :o saw t 8/rait & n>r[ 0 ! way t leade? unto life20#aabd & to ?is po9t also1 t ?is animal1 accord+ to ! law1 is describ$ z 8unclean10 hav+ "o elem5t ( acceptability1 viz4 t x rum9ates1 b "o ( condemnation1 viz4 t x does n divide ! ho(4 ,he w\ld h inquir$1 moreov]1 h[ (t5 ! camel 0 adduc$ z an object ( comp>ison 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 & 9 ref]5ce to :at objects1 t he might ?us asc]ta9 ! mean+ ( ! ,logos conc]n+ ! ri* m54 ,nor w\ld he h left )\t exam9ation ! fact t 8! poor0 are t]m$ 8bless$0 by ,jesus1 :ile 8! ri*0 are designat$ z 8mis]able20 & :e!r ^! words ref] to ! ri* & poor :o are visible to ! s5ses1 or :e!r !re is any k9d ( pov]ty kn[n to ! ,logos :i* is to be deem$ 8altoge!r bless$10 & any ri* man :o is to be :olly condemn$4 ,= ev5 a common individual w\ld n ?us indiscrim9ately h prais$ ! poor1 _m ( :om lead mo/ wick$ lives4 ,b on ?is po9t we h said en\gh4 ,footnote #aaba3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xix4 #bd4 ,footnote #aabb3 ,cf4 ,plato1 v4 de ,legibus4 ,footnote #aabc3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xiii4 #ed1 ,m>k vi4 #b1 & ,john vii4 #ae4 ,footnote #aabd3 ,cf4 ,matt4 vii4 #ad4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,s9ce ,celsus1 moreov]1 f a desire to depreciate ! acc\nts :i* our ,scriptures give ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 has quot$ none ( !m1 z if !y 7 unwor?y ( be+ record$ by him 7or p]haps because he 0 unacqua9t$ ) !m71 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 he quotes ! say+s ( ,plato1 bo? f 8 ,epi/les & ! ,phdrus1 z if ^! 7 div9ely inspir$1 b our ,scriptures 7 n1 let u set =? a few po9ts1 = ! sake ( comp>ison ) ^! plausible decl>ations ( ,plato1 :i* did n1 h[ev]1 dispose ! philosoph] to wor%ip 9 a mann] wor?y ( him ! ,mak] ( all ?+s4 ,= he ought n to h adult]at$ or pollut$ ?is wor%ip ) :at we call 8idolatry10 b :at ! _m w\ld describe by ! t]m 8sup]/ition40 ,n[1 accord+ to a ,hebrew figure ( spee*1 x is said ( ,god 9 ! eighte5? ,psalm1 t 8,he made d>kness ,8 secret place10#aabe to signify t ^? notions :i* %\ld be wor?ily ent]ta9$ ( ,god are invisible & unkn[able1 because ,god conceals ,himself 9 d>kness1 z x 71 f ^? :o _c endure ! spl5d\rs ( ,8 k1 or are incapable ( look+ at !m1 p>tly ow+ to ! pollution ( _! und]/&+1 :i* is clo!d ) ! body ( mortal l[l9ess1 & p>tly ow+ to its feebl] p[] ( compreh5d+ ,god4 ,& 9 ord] t x may appe> t ! k ( ,god has r>ely be5 v\*saf$ to m51 & has be5 f\nd 9 v few individuals1 ,moses is relat$ to h ent]$ into ! d>kness :]e ,god 04#aabf ,& aga91 ) reg>d to ,moses x is said3 8,moses alone %all come ne> ! ,"l1 b ! re/ %all n come nigh40#aabg ,& aga91 t ! prophet may %[ ! dep? ( ! doctr9es :i* relate to ,god1 & :i* is unatta9able by ^? :o d n possess ! 8,_s :i* se>*e? all ?+s1 ev5 ! deep ?+s ( ,god10 he add$3 8,! abyss l a g>m5t is ,8 cov]+40#aabh ,nay1 our ,"l & ,savi\r1 ! ,logos ( ,god1 manife/+ t ! greatness ( ! k ( ! ,fa!r is appropriately compreh5d$ & kn[n pre-em95tly by ,him alone1 & 9 ! second place by ^? ^: m9ds are enlight5$ by ! ,logos ,himself & ,god1 decl>es3 8,no man kn[e? ! ,son1 b ! ,fa!r2 nei!r kn[e? any man ! ,fa!r b ! ,son1 & he to :omsoev] ! ,son w reveal ,him40#aabi ,= no "o c wor?ily "k ! 8uncreat$0#aacj & fir/-born ( all creat$ nature l ! ,fa!r :o begat ,him1 nor any "o ! ,fa!r l ! liv+ ,logos1 & ,8 ,wisdom & ,tru?4 ,by %>+ 9 ,him :o takes away f ! ,fa!r :at is call$ 8d>kness10 :i* ,he 8made ,8 secret place10 & 8! abyss10 :i* is call$ ,8 8cov]+10 & 9 ?is way unveil+ ! ,fa!r1 e "o kn[s ! ,fa!r :o#aaca is capable ( kn[+ ,him4 ,footnote #aabe3 ,cf4 ,ps4 xviii4 #aa4 ,footnote #aabf3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xx4 #ba4 ,footnote #aabg3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xxiv4 #b4 ,footnote #aabh3 ,cf4 ,ps4 civ4 #f4 ,footnote #aabi3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xi4 #bg4 ,footnote #aacj3 4 ,locus dilig5t] not&us1 ubi filius e creatur>um num]o dis]te eximitur1 dum dicitur4 ,at non dissimul&um 9 unico ,cod4 ,anglicano secundo legi3 3 cf4 ,orig5ianorum1 lib4 ii4 qu/io #b1 num4 #bc4--,,ru,,u4 ,footnote #aaca3 ' 4 ,boh]ellus proposes ' 1 etc4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,i ?\ght x "r to quote ^! few in/ances f a mu* l>g] numb] ( passages1 9 :i* our sacr$ writ]s express _! ideas reg>d+ ,god1 9 ord] to %[ t1 to ^? :o h eyes to behold ! v5]able "* ( ,scripture1 ! sacr$ writ+s ( ! prophets conta9 ?+s m wor?y ( rev]5ce ?an ^? say+s ( ,plato :i* ,celsus admires4 ,n[ ! decl>ation ( ,plato1 quot$ by ,celsus1 runs z foll[s3 8,all ?+s are ar\nd ! ,k+ ( all1 & all ?+s exi/ = 8 sake1 & he is ! cause ( all good ?+s4 ,) ?+s ( ! second rank he is second1 & ) ^? ( ! ?ird rank he is ?ird4 ,! human s\l1 accord+ly1 is eag] to le>n :at ^! ?+s are1 look+ to su* ?+s z are k9dr$ to itself1 none ( :i* is p]fect4 ,b z reg>ds ! ,k+ & ^? ?+s :i* ,i m5tion$1 !re is no?+ :i* resembles !m40#aacb ,i might h m5tion$1 moreov]1 :at is said ( ^? be+s :i* are call$ s]aphim by ! ,hebrews1 & describ$ 9 ,isaiah1#aacc :o cov] ! face & feet ( ,god1 & ( ^? call$ *]ubim1 :om ,ezekiel#aacd has describ$1 & ! po/ures ( ^!1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,god is said to be borne ^u ! *]ubim4 ,b s9ce !y are m5tion$ 9 a v my/]i\s mann]1 on acc\nt ( ! unwor?y & ! indec5t1 :o are unable to ent] into ! great ?\ghts & v5]able nature ( !ology1 ,i h n deem$ x becom+ to disc\rse ( !m 9 ?is treatise4 ,footnote #aacb3 ,cf4 ,plato1 ,epi/4 ii4 ad ,dionys4 ,footnote #aacc3 ,cf4 ,isa4 vi4 #b4 ,footnote #aacd3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 i4 & x4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,celsus 9 ! next place alleges1 t 8c]ta9 ,*ri/ians1 hav+ misund]/ood ! words ( ,plato1 l\dly boa/ ( a #8sup]-cele/ial' ,god1 ?us asc5d+ beyond ! heav5 ( ! ,jews40 ,by ^! words1 inde$1 he does n make x cle> :e!r !y also asc5d beyond ! ,god ( ! ,jews1 or only beyond ! heav5 by :i* !y swe>4 ,x is n our purpose at pres5t1 h[ev]1 to speak ( ^? :o ackn[l$ge ano!r god ?an ! "o wor%ipp$ by ! ,jews1 b to def5d ourselves1 & to %[ t x 0 impossible = ! prophets ( ! ,jews1 ^: writ+s are reckon$ among ours1 to h borr[$ any?+ f ,plato1 because !y 7 old] ?an he4 ,!y did n !n borr[ f him ! decl>ation1 t 8all ?+s are ar\nd ! ,k+ ( all1 & t all exi/ on acc\nt ( him20 = we h le>n$ t nobl] ?\ghts ?an ^! h be5 utt]$ by ! prophets1 by ,jesus ,himself & ,8 disciples1 :o h cle>ly indicat$ ! mean+ ( ! _s t 0 9 !m1 :i* 0 none o!r ?an ! _s ( ,*ri/4 ,nor 0 ! philosoph] ! fir/ to pres5t to view ! 8sup]-cele/ial0 place2 = ,david long ago br\ght to view ! pr(undity & multitude ( ! ?\ghts conc]n+ ,god ent]ta9$ by ^? :o h asc5d$ above visible ?+s1 :5 he said 9 ! book ( ,psalms3 8,praise ,god1 ye heav5 ( heav5s2 & ye wat]s t be above ! heav5s1 let !m praise ! "n ( ! ,"l40#aace ,i d n1 inde$1 d5y t ,plato le>n$ f c]ta9 ,hebrews ! words quot$ f ! ,phdrus1 or ev51 z "s h record$1 t he quot$ !m f a p]usal ( our prophetic writ+s1 :5 he said3 8,no poet "h bel[ has ev] sung ( ! sup]-cele/ial place1 or ev] w s+ 9 a becom+ mann]10 & s on4 ,& 9 ! same passage is ! foll[+3 8,= ! ess5ce1 :i* is bo? col\rless & =mless1 & :i* _c be t\*$1 :i* really exi/s1 is ! pilot ( ! s\l1 & is beheld by ! und]/&+ alone2 & ar\nd x ! g5us ( true k holds ?is place40#aacf ,our ,paul1 moreov]1 educat$ by ^! words1 & long+ aft] ?+s 8supra-mundane0 & 8sup]-cele/ial10 & do+ 8 utmo/ = _! sake to atta9 !m1 says 9 ! second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians3 8,= our light affliction1 :i* is b = a mom5t1 worke? = u a f> m exce$+ & et]nal weight ( glory2 :ile we look n at ! ?+s :i* are se51 b at ! ?+s :i* are n se53 = ! ?+s :i* are se5 are temporal2 b ! ?+s :i* are unse5 are et]nal40#aacg ,footnote #aace3 ,ps4 cxlviii4 #d4 ,footnote #aacf3 ,cf4 ,plato 9 ,phdro4 ,footnote #aacg3 ,cf4 #b ,cor4 iv4 #ag1 #ah4 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,n[1 to ^? :o are capable ( und]/&+ him1 ! apo/le manife/ly pres5ts to view 8?+s :i* are ! objects ( p]ception10 call+ !m 8?+s se520 :ile he t]ms 8unse510 ?+s :i* are ! object ( ! und]/&+1 & cognisable by x alone4 ,he kn[s1 also1 t ?+s 8se50 & visible are 8temporal10 b t ?+s cognisable by ! m9d1 & 8n se510 are 8et]nal20 & desir+ to rema9 9 ! contemplation ( ^!1 & be+ assi/$ by 8 e>ne/ long+ = !m1 he deem$ all affliction z 8light0 & z 8no?+10 & dur+ ! season ( afflictions & tr\bles 0 n at all b[$ d[n by !m1 b by 8 contemplation ( div9e ?+s deem$ e calamity a light ?+1 see+ we also h 8a great ,high ,prie/10 :o by ! greatness ( ,8 p[] & und]/&+ 8has pass$ ?r\gh ! heav5s1 ev5 ,jesus ! ,son ( ,god10 :o has promis$ to all t h truly le>n$ div9e ?+s1 & h liv$ lives 9 h>mony ) !m1 to g be=e !m to ! ?+s t are supra-mundane2 = ,8 words are3 8,t :]e ,i g1 ye may be also40#aach ,& !re=e we hope1 aft] ! tr\bles & /ruggles :i* we suff] "h1 to rea* ! highe/ heav5s1#aaci & receiv+1 agreeably to ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 ! f\nta9s ( wat] t spr+ up unto et]nal life1 & be+ fill$ ) ! riv]s ( k1#aadj %all be unit$ ) ^? wat]s t are said to be above ! heav5s1 & :i* praise ,8 "n4 ,& z _m ( u#aada z praise ,him %all n be c>ri$ ab\t by ! revolution ( ! heav51 b %all be ev] engag$ 9 ! contemplation ( ! invisible ?+s ( ,god1 :i* are no long] und]/ood by u ?r\gh ! ?+s :i* ,he ha? made f ! creation ( ! _w1 b see+1 z x 0 express$ by ! true disciple ( ,jesus 9 ^! words1 8!n face to face20#aadb & 9 ^!1 8,:5 t :i* is p]fect is come1 !n t :i* is 9 "p w be done away40#aadc ,footnote #aach3 ,cf4 ,john xiv4 #c4 ,footnote #aaci3 4 ,footnote #aadj3 4 ,footnote #aada3 ,= ,boh]ellus proposes 1 :i* is adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,footnote #aadb3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #ab4 ,footnote #aadc3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #aj4 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,! ,scriptures :i* are curr5t 9 ! *ur*es ( ,god d n speak ( 8sev50 heav5s1 or ( any def9ite numb] at all1 b !y d appe> to tea* ! exi/5ce ( 8heav5s10 :e!r t means ! 8sph]es0 ( ^? bodies :i* ! ,greeks call 8planets10 or some?+ m my/]i\s4 ,celsus1 too1 agreeably to ! op9ion ( ,plato1#aadd ass]ts t s\ls c make _! way to & f ! e>? ?r\gh ! planets2 :ile ,moses1 our mo/ anci5t prophet1 says t a div9e vision 0 pres5t$ to ! view ( our prophet ,jacob1#aade--;a ladd] /ret*+ to heav51 & ! angels ( ,god asc5d+ & desc5d+ ^u x1 & ! ,"l support$#aadf ^u its top1--obscurely po9t+1 by ?is matt] ( ! ladd]1 ei!r to ! same tru?s :i* ,plato _h 9 view1 or to some?+ great] ?an ^!4 ,on ?is subject ,philo has compos$ a treatise :i* des]ves ! ?\ghtful & intellig5t inve/igation ( all lov]s ( tru?4 ,footnote #aadd3 ,cf4 ,plato 9 ,timo4 ,footnote #aade3 ,cf4 ,g54 xxviii4 #ab1 #ac4 ,footnote #aadf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,aft] ?is1 ,celsus1 desir+ to exhibit 8 le>n+ 9 8 treatise aga9/ u1 quotes also c]ta9 ,p]sian my/]ies1 :]e he says3 8,^! ?+s are obscurely h9t$ at 9 ! acc\nts ( ! ,p]sians1 & especially 9 ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras1 :i* are celebrat$ among/ !m4 ,= 9 ! latt] !re is a repres5tation ( ! two heav5ly revolutions1--( ! movem5t1 viz41 ( ! fix$#aadg />s1 & ( t :i* takes place among ! planets1 & ( ! passage ( ! s\l ?r\gh ^!4 ,! repres5tation is ( ! foll[+ nature3 ,!re is a ladd] ) l(ty gates1#aadh & on ! top ( x an eigh? gate4 ,! fir/ gate consi/s ( lead1 ! second ( t91 ! ?ird ( copp]1 ! f\r? ( iron1 ! fif? ( a mixture ( metals1#aadi ! six? ( silv]1 & ! sev5? ( gold4 ,! fir/ gate !y assign to ,saturn1 indicat+ by ! #8lead' ! sl[ness ( ?is />2 ! second to ,v5us1 comp>+ h] to ! spl5d\r & s(tness ( t92 ! ?ird to ,jupit]1 be+ firm#aaej & solid2 ! f\r? to ,m]cury1 = bo? ,m]cury & iron are fit to endure all ?+s1 & are money-mak+ & labori\s2#aaea ! fif? to ,m>s1 because1 be+ compos$ ( a mixture ( metals1 x is v>i$ & unequal2 ! six?1 ( silv]1 to ! ,moon2 ! sev5?1 ( gold1 to ! ,sun1--?us imitat+ ! diff]5t col\rs ( ! two latt]40 ,he next proce$s to exam9e ! reason ( ! />s be+ arrang$ 9 ?is ord]1 :i* is symboliz$ by ! names ( ! re/ ( matt]4#aaeb ,musical reasons1 moreov]1 are add$ or quot$ by ! ,p]sian !ology2 & to ^!1 aga91 he /rives to add a second explanation1 connect$ also ) musical consid]ations4 ,b x seems to me1 t to quote ! language ( ,celsus ^u ^! matt]s w\ld be absurd1 & simil> to :at he himself has done1 :51 9 8 accusations aga9/ ,*ri/ians & ,jews1 he quot$1 mo/ inappropriately1 n only ! words ( ,plato2 b1 dissatisfi$ ev5 ) ^!1#aaec he adduc$ 9 addition ! my/]ies ( ! ,p]sian ,mi?ras1 & ! explanation ( !m4 ,n[1 :atev] be ! case ) reg>d to ^!1--:e!r ! ,p]sians & ^? :o conduct ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras give false or true acc\nts reg>d+ !m1--:y did he select ^! = quotation1 r ?an "s ( ! o!r my/]ies1 ) ! explanation ( !m8 ,= ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras d n appe> to be m fam\s among ! ,greeks ?an ^? ( ,eleusis1 or ?an ^? 9 ,eg9a1 :]e individuals are initiat$ 9 ! rites ( ,hecate4 ,b if he mu/ introduce b>b>ian my/]ies ) _! explanation1 :y n r ^? ( ! ,egyptians1 :i* are highly reg>d$ by _m1#aaed or ^? ( ! ,cappadocians reg>d+ ! ,comanian ,diana1 or ^? ( ! ,?racians1 or ev5 ^? ( ! ,romans !mselves1 :o initiate ! noble/ memb]s ( _! s5ate8#aaee ,b if he deem$ x inappropriate to in/itute a comp>ison ) any ( ^!1 because !y furni%$ no aid 9 ! way ( accus+ ,jews or ,*ri/ians1 :y did x n also appe> to him inappropriate to adduce ! in/ance ( ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras8 ,footnote #aadg3 4 ,footnote #aadh3 4 ,boh]ellus conjectures 4 ,footnote #aadi3 4 ,footnote #aaej3 4 ,footnote #aaea3 1 1 1 4 ,footnote #aaeb3 4 ,= 1 ano!r read+ is 4 ,footnote #aaec3 ,= 1 ,sp5c] introduc$ into 8 text1 ' 1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,footnote #aaed3 4 ,footnote #aaee3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,if "o wi%$ to obta9 means = a pr(\nd] contemplation ( ! entrance ( s\ls into div9e ?+s1 n f ! /atem5ts ( t v insignificant sect f :i* he quot$1 b f books--p>tly ^? ( ! ,jews1 :i* are read 9 _! synagogues1 & adopt$ by ,*ri/ians1 & p>tly f ^? ( ,*ri/ians alone--let him p]use1 at ! end ( ,ezekiel's prophecies1 ! visions beheld by ! prophet1 9 :i* gates ( diff]5t k9ds are enum]at$1#aaef :i* obscurely ref] to ! diff]5t modes 9 :i* div9e s\ls ent] into a bett] _w2#aaeg & let him p]use also1 f ! ,apocalypse ( ,john1 :at is relat$ ( ! city ( ,god1 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 & ( its f\ndations & gates4#aaeh ,& if he is capable ( f9d+ out also ! road1 :i* is indicat$ by symbols1 ( ^? :o w m>* on to div9e ?+s1 let him read ! book ( ,moses entitl$ ,numb]s1 & let him seek ! help ( "o :o is capable ( initiat+ him into ! mean+ ( ! n>ratives conc]n+ ! encampm5ts ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel2 viz4 ( :at sort ^? 7 :i* 7 arrang$ t[>ds ! ea/1 z 0 ! case ) ! fir/2 & :at ^? t[>ds ! s\?-we/ & s\?2 & :at t[>ds ! sea2 & :at ! la/ 71 :i* 7 /ation$ t[>ds ! nor?4 ,= he w see t !re is 9 ! respective places a mean+#aaei n to be lightly treat$1 nor1 z ,celsus imag9es1 su* z calls only = silly & s]vile li/5]s3 b he w di/+ui% 9 ! encampm5ts c]ta9 ?+s relat+ to ! numb]s t are enum]at$1 & :i* are specially adapt$ to ea* tribe1 ( :i* ! pres5t does n appe> to u to be ! prop] "t to speak4 ,let ,celsus "k1 moreov]1 z well z ^? :o read 8 book1 t 9 no "p ( ! g5u9e & div9ely accr$it$ ,scriptures are 8sev50 heav5s m5tion$2 nei!r d our prophets1 nor ! apo/les ( ,jesus1 nor ! ,son ( ,god ,himself1 repeat any?+ :i* !y borr[$ f ! ,p]sians or ! ,cabiri4 ,footnote #aaef3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xlviii4 ,footnote #aaeg3 4 ,footnote #aaeh3 ,cf4 ,apoc4 xxi4 ,footnote #aaei3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,aft] ! in/ance borr[$ f ! ,mi?raic my/]ies1 ,celsus decl>es t he :o w\ld inve/igate ! ,*ri/ian my/]ies1 along ) ! a=esaid ,p]sian1 w1 on comp>+ ! two toge!r1 & on unveil+ ! rites ( ! ,*ri/ians1 see 9 ?is way ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,n[1 :]ev] he 0 able to give ! names ( ! v>i\s sects1 he 0 no?+ lo? to quote ^? ) :i* he ?\ght himself acqua9t$2 b :5 he ought mo/ ( all to h done ?is1 if !y 7 really kn[n to him1 & to h in=m$ u :i* 0 ! sect t makes use ( ! diagram he has drawn1 he has n done s4 ,x seems to me1 h[ev]1 t x is f "s /atem5ts ( a v insignificant sect call$ ,ophites1 :i* he has misund]/ood1 t1 9 my op9ion1 he has p>tly borr[$ :at he says ab\t ! diagram4#aafj ,n[1 z we h always be5 animat$ by a love ( le>n+1#aafa we h fall5 9 ) ?is diagram1 & we h f\nd 9 x ! repres5tations ( m5 :o1 z ,paul says1 8creep into h\ses1 & lead captive silly wom5 lad5 ) s9s1 l$ away ) div]s lu/s2 ev] le>n+1 & nev] able to come to ! k ( ! tru?40#aafb ,! diagram 01 h[ev]1 s de/itute ( all cr$ibility1 t nei!r ^! easily deceiv$ wom51 nor ! mo/ ru/ic class ( m51 nor ^? :o 7 ready to be l$ away by any plausible pret5d] :atev]1 ev] gave _! ass5t to ! diagram4 ,nor1 inde$1 h we ev] met any individual1 al?\gh we h visit$ _m p>ts ( ! e>?1 & h s\ght out all ^? :o any:]e made pr(ession ( k1 t plac$ any fai? 9 ?is diagram4 ,footnote #aafj3 8,ut9am ex/>et6 ,multum enim lucis procul dubio antiquissimorum ,patrum libris1 prisc ecclesi temporibus1 et quibusdam sacr ,scriptur locis1 acc$]et40--,,sp5c]4 ,footnote #aafa3 4 ,footnote #aafb3 ,cf4 #b ,tim4 iii4 #f1 #g4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,9 ?is diagram 7 describ$ t5 circles1 di/9ct f ea* o!r1 b unit$ by "o circle1 :i* 0 said to be ! s\l ( all ?+s1 & 0 call$ 8,levia?an40#aafc ,?is ,levia?an1 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures say1 :atev] !y mean by ! expression1 0 creat$ by ,god = a play?+2#aafd = we f9d 9 ! ,psalms3 8,9 wisdom ha/ ,?\ made all ?+s3 ! e>? is full ( ,?y creatures2 s is ?is great & wide sea4 ,!re g ! %ips2 small animals ) great2 !re is ?is dragon1 :i* ,?\ ha/ =m$ to play !re940#aafe ,in/ead ( ! ^w 8dragon10 ! t]m 8levia?an0 is 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,?is impi\s diagram1 !n1 said ( ?is levia?an1 :i* is s cle>ly depreciat$ by ! psalmi/1 t x 0 ! s\l :i* _h travell$ ?r\gh all ?+s6 ,we obs]v$1 also1 9 ! diagram1 ! be+ nam$ 8,behemo?10 plac$ z x 7 "u ! l[e/ circle4 ,! inv5tor ( ?is accurs$ diagram _h inscrib$ ?is levia?an at its circumf]5ce & c5tre1 ?us plac+ its "n 9 two sep>ate places4 ,moreov]1 ,celsus says t ! diagram 0 8divid$ by a ?ick black l9e1 & ?is l9e he ass]t$ 0 call$ ,geh5na1 :i* is ,t>t>us40 ,n[ z we f\nd t ,geh5na 0 m5tion$ 9 ! ,gospel z a place ( puni%m5t1 we se>*$ to see :e!r x is m5tion$ any:]e 9 ! anci5t ,scriptures1 & especially because ! ,jews too use ! ^w4 ,& we asc]ta9$ t :]e ! valley ( ! son ( ,ennom 0 nam$ 9 ,scripture 9 ! ,hebrew1 in/ead ( 8valley10 ) fundam5tally ! same mean+1 x 0 t]m$ bo? ! valley ( ,ennom & also ,ge5na4 ,& cont9u+ our rese>*es1 we f9d t :at 0 t]m$ 8,ge5na10 or 8! valley ( ,ennom10 0 includ$ 9 ! lot ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 9 :i* ,j]usalem also 0 situat$4 ,& seek+ to asc]ta9 :at might be ! inf]5ce f ! heav5ly ,j]usalem belong+ to ! lot ( ,b5jam9 & ! valley ( ,ennom1 we f9d a c]ta9 confirmation ( :at is said reg>d+ ! place ( puni%m5t1 int5d$ = ! purification ( su* s\ls z are to be purifi$ by torm5ts1 agreeably to ! say+3 8,! ,"l come? l a ref9]'s fire1 & l full]'s soap3 & ,he %all sit z a ref9] & purifi] ( silv] & ( gold40#aaff ,footnote #aafc3 ,cf4 note 9 ,sp5c]'s ed4 ,footnote #aafd3 4 ,footnote #aafe3 ,cf4 ,ps4 civ4 #bd-bf4 ,footnote #aaff3 ,cf4 ,mal4 iii4 #b1 #c4 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,x is 9 ! prec9cts ( ,j]usalem1 !n1 t puni%m5ts w be inflict$ ^u ^? :o und]go ! process ( purification1#aafg :o h receiv$ into ! sub/ance ( _! s\l ! elem5ts ( wick$ness1 :i* 9 a c]ta9 place#aafh is figuratively t]m$ 8lead10 & on t acc\nt iniquity is repres5t$ 9 ,ze*>iah z sitt+ ^u a 8tal5t ( lead40#aafi ,b ! rem>ks :i* might be made on ?is topic are nei!r to be made to all1 nor to be utt]$ on ! pres5t occasion2 = x is n unatt5d$ ) dang] to commit to writ+ ! explanation ( su* subjects1 see+ ! multitude ne$ no fur!r in/ruction ?an t :i* relates to ! puni%m5t ( s9n]s2 :ile to asc5d beyond ?is is n exp$i5t1 = ! sake ( ^? :o are ) difficulty re/ra9$1 ev5 by fe> ( et]nal puni%m5t1 f plung+ into any degree ( wick$ness1 & into ! flood ( evils :i* result f s94 ,! doctr9e ( ,ge5na1 !n1 is unkn[n bo? to ! ,diagram & to ,celsus3 = _h x be5 o!rwise1 ! fram]s ( ! =m] w\ld n h boa/$ ( _! pictures ( animals & diagrams1 z if ! tru? 7 repres5t$ by ^!2 nor w\ld ,celsus1 9 8 treatise aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 h introduc$ among ! *>ges direct$ aga9/ !m /atem5ts :i* !y nev] utt]$1 in/ead ( :at 0 spok5 by "s :o p]haps are no long] 9 exi/5ce1 b h altoge!r disappe>$1 or be5 r$uc$ to a v few individuals1 & ^! easily c\nt$4 ,& z x does n beseem ^? :o pr(ess ! doctr9es ( ,plato to (f] a def5ce ( ,epicurus & 8 impi\s op9ions1 s nei!r is x = u to def5d ! diagram1 or to refute ! accusations br\ght aga9/ x by ,celsus4 ,we may !re=e all[ 8 *>ges on ^! po9ts to pass z sup]flu\s & useless1#aagj = we w\ld c5sure m sev]ely ?an ,celsus any :o %\ld be c>ri$ away by su* op9ions4 ,footnote #aafg3 4 ,footnote #aafh3 4 ,footnote #aafi3 ,cf4 ,ze*4 v4 #g4 ,footnote #aagj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,aft] ! matt] ( ! ,diagram1 he br+s =w>d c]ta9 mon/r\s /atem5ts1 9 ! =m ( "q & answ]1#aaga reg>d+ :at is call$ by ecclesia/ical writ]s ! 8seal10 /atem5ts :i* did n arise f imp]fect in=mation2 su* z t 8he :o impresses ! seal is call$ fa!r1 & he :o is seal$ is call$ "y man & son20 & :o answ]s1 8,i h be5 ano9t$ ) :ite o9tm5t f ! tree ( life10--?+s :i* we nev] he>d to h occurr$ ev5 among ! h]etics4 ,9 ! next place1 he det]m9es ev5 ! numb] m5tion$ by ^? :o deliv] ov] ! seal1 z t 8( sev5 angels1 :o atta* !mselves to bo? sides ( ! s\l ( ! dy+ body2 ! "o p>ty be+ nam$ angels ( light1 ! o!rs #8ar*ontics2'0#aagb & he ass]ts t ! 8rul] ( ^? nam$ #8ar*ontics' is t]m$ ! #8accurs$' ,god40 ,!n1 lay+ hold ( ! expression1 he assails1 n )\t reason1 ^? :o v5ture to use su* language2 & on t acc\nt we ent]ta9 a simil> feel+ ( indignation ) ^? :o c5sure su* individuals1 if inde$ !re exi/ any :o call ! ,god ( ! ,jews--:o s5ds ra9 & ?und]1 & :o is ! ,creator ( ?is _w1 & ! ,god ( ,moses1 & ( ! cosmogony :i* he records--an 8accurs$0 div9ity4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h _h 9 view1 9 employ+ ^! expressions1 n a rational#aagc object1 b "o ( a mo/ irrational k9d1 aris+ out ( 8 hatr$ t[>ds u1 :i* is s unlike a philosoph]4 ,= 8 aim 01 t ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) our cu/oms %\ld1 on p]us+ 8 treatise1 at once assail u z if we call$ ! noble ,creator ( ?is _w an 8accurs$ div9ity40 ,he appe>s to me1 inde$1 to h act$ l ^? ,jews :o1 :5 ,*ri/ianity began to be fir/ prea*$1 scatt]$ abroad false reports ( ! gospel1 su* z t 8,*ri/ians (f]$ up an infant 9 sacrifice1 & p>took ( its fle%20 & aga91 8t ! pr(essors ( ,*ri/ianity1 wi%+ to d ! #8works ( d>kness1' us$ to ext+ui% ! lights 9 _! meet+s1 & ea* "o to h sexual int]c\rse ) any woman :om he *anc$ to meet40 ,^! calumnies h long ex]cis$1 al?\gh unreasonably1 an influ5ce ov] ! m9ds ( v _m1 lead+ ^? :o are ali5s to ! gospel to believe t ,*ri/ians are m5 ( su* a "*2 & ev5 at ! pres5t day !y mislead "s1 & prev5t !m f ent]+ ev5 into ! simple int]c\rse ( conv]sation ) ^? :o are ,*ri/ians4 ,footnote #aaga3 4 ,footnote #aagb3 4 ,footnote #aagc3 444 4 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,) "s su* object z ?is 9 view does ,celsus seem to h be5 actuat$1 :5 he alleg$ t ,*ri/ians t]m ! ,creator an 8accurs$ div9ity20 9 ord] t he :o believes ^! *>ges ( 8 aga9/ u1 %\ld1 if possible1 arise & ext]m9ate ! ,*ri/ians z ! mo/ impi\s ( mank9d4 ,confus+1 moreov]1 ?+s t are di/9ct1#aagd he /ates also ! reason :y ! ,god ( ! ,mosaic cosmogony is t]m$ 8accurs$10 ass]t+ t 8su* is 8 "*1 & wor?y ( execration 9 ! op9ion ( ^? :o s reg>d him1 inasmu* z he pron\nc$ a curse ^u ! s]p5t1 :o introduc$ ! fir/ human be+s to ! k ( good & evil40 ,n[ he ought to h kn[n t ^? :o h esp\s$ ! cause ( ! s]p5t1 because he gave good advice to ! fir/ human be+s1 & :o g f> beyond ! ,titans & ,giants ( fable1 & are on ?is acc\nt call$ ,ophites1 are s f> f be+ ,*ri/ians1 t !y br+ accusations aga9/ ,jesus to z great a degree z ,celsus himself2 & !y d n admit any "o into _! assembly#aage until he has utt]$ mal$ictions aga9/ ,jesus4 ,see1 !n1 h[ irrational is ! proc$ure ( ,celsus1 :o1 9 8 disc\rse aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 repres5ts z su* ^? :o w n ev5 li/5 to ! "n ( ,jesus1 or admit ev5 t ,he 0 a wise man1 or a p]son ( virtu\s#aagf "*6 ,:at1 !n1 c\ld ev9ce great] folly or madness1 n only on ! "p ( ^? :o wi% to d]ive _! "n f ! s]p5t z ! au?or ( good1#aagg b also on ! "p ( ,celsus1 :o ?9ks t ! accusations ) :i* ! ,ophites#aagh are *>g$1 are *>geable also aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians6 ,long ago1 inde$1 t ,greek philosoph] :o pref]r$ a /ate ( pov]ty1#aagi & :o exhibit$ ! patt]n ( a happy life1 %[+ t he 0 n exclud$ f happ9ess al?\gh he 0 possess$ ( no?+1#aahj t]m$ himself a ,cynic2 :ile ^! impi\s wret*es1 z n be+ human be+s1 ^: enemy ! s]p5t is1 b z be+ s]p5ts1 pride !mselves ^u be+ call$ ,ophites f ! s]p5t1 :i* is an animal mo/ ho/ile to & greatly dread$ by man1 & boa/ ( "o ,euphrates#aaha z ! introduc] ( ^! unhall[$ op9ions4 ,footnote #aagd3 4 ,footnote #aage3 4 ,footnote #aagf3 4 ,footnote #aagg3 4 ,footnote #aagh3 2 cf4 ,ir5u1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ajd-aab 7,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y74 ,footnote #aagi3 4 ,footnote #aahj3 4 ,footnote #aaha3 8,euphrat5 hujus hresis auctorem solus ,orig5es tradit40--,,sp5c]2 cf4 note 9 ,sp5c]'s ed4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,9 ! next place1 z if x 7 ! ,*ri/ians :om he 0 calumniat+1 he cont9ues 8 accusations aga9/ ^? :o t]m$ ! ,god ( ,moses & ( 8 law an 8accurs$0 div9ity2 & imag9+ t x is ! ,*ri/ians :o s speak1 he expresses himself ?us3 8,:at c\ld be m fooli% or insane ?an su* s5seless#aahb wisdom8 ,= :at blund] has ! ,jewi% lawgiv] committ$8 & :y d y accept1 by means1 z y say1#aahc ( a c]ta9 allegorical & typical me?od ( int]pretation1 ! cosmogony :i* he gives1 & ! law ( ! ,jews1 :ile x is ) unwill+ness1 ,o mo/ impi\s man1 t y give praise to ! ,creator ( ! _w1 :o promis$ to give !m all ?+s2 :o promis$ to multiply _! race to ! ends ( ! e>?1 & to raise !m up f ! dead ) ! same fle% & blood1 & :o gave inspiration#aahd to _! prophets2 &1 aga91 y sl&] ,him6 ,:5 y feel ! =ce ( su* consid]ations1 inde$1 y ackn[l$ge t y wor%ip ! same ,god2 b :5 y\r tea*] ,jesus & ! ,jewi% ,moses give contradictory decisions1#aahe y seek ano!r ,god1 in/ead ( ,him1 & ! ,fa!r60 ,n[1 by su* /atem5ts1 ?is illu/ri\s philosoph] ,celsus di/9ctly sl&]s ! ,*ri/ians1 ass]t+ t1 :5 ! ,jews press !m h>d1 !y ackn[l$ge ! same ,god z !y d2 b t :5 ,jesus legislates diff]5tly f ,moses1 !y seek ano!r god in/ead ( ,him4 ,n[1 :e!r we are conv]s+ ) ! ,jews1 or are alone ) ourselves1 we "k ( only "o & ! same ,god1 :om ! ,jews also wor%ipp$ ( old "t1 & /ill pr(ess to wor%ip z ,god1 & we are guilty ( no impiety t[>ds ,him4 ,we d n ass]t1 h[ev]1 t ,god w raise m5 f ! dead ) ! same fle% & blood1 z has be5 %[n 9 ! prec$+ pages2 = we d n ma9ta9 t ! natural#aahf body1 :i* is s[n 9 corruption1 & 9 di%on\r1 & 9 weakness1 w rise aga9 su* z x 0 s[n4 ,on su* subjects1 h[ev]1 we h spok5 at adequate l5g? 9 ! =ego+ pages4 ,footnote #aahb3 4 ,footnote #aahc3 ,boh]ellus proposes = ! textual read+ 4 ,footnote #aahd3 4 ,footnote #aahe3 1 1 4 ,footnote #aahf3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,he next returns to ! subject ( ! ,sev5 rul+ ,demons1#aahg ^: names are n f\nd among ,*ri/ians1 b :o1 ,i ?9k1 are accept$ by ! ,ophites4 ,we f\nd1 inde$1 t 9 ! ,diagram1 :i* on _! acc\nt we procur$ a sight (1 ! same ord] 0 laid d[n z t :i* ,celsus has giv54 ,celsus says t 8! goat 0 %ap$ l a lion10 n m5tion+ ! "n giv5 him by ^? :o are truly ! mo/ impi\s ( individuals2 :]eas we discov]$ t ,he :o is hon\r$ 9 ,holy ,scripture z ! angel ( ! ,creator is call$ by ?is accurs$ ,diagram ,mi*ael ! ,lion-l4 ,aga91 ,celsus says t ! 8second 9 ord] is a bull20 :]eas ! ,diagram :i* we possess$ made him to be ,suriel1 ! bull-l4 ,fur!r1 ,celsus t]m$ ! ?ird 8an amphibi\s sort ( animal1 & "o t hiss$ frightfully20 :ile ! ,diagram describ$ ! ?ird z ,raphael1 ! s]p5t-l4 ,moreov]1 ,celsus ass]t$ t ! 8f\r? _h ! =m ( an eagle20 ! ,diagram repres5t+ him z ,gabriel1 ! eagle-l4 ,aga91 ! 8fif?10 accord+ to ,celsus1 8_h ! c\nt5ance ( a be>20 & ?is1 accord+ to ! ,diagram1 0 ,?au?abao?1#aahh ! be>-l4 ,celsus cont9ues 8 acc\nt1 t ! 8six? 0 describ$ z hav+ ! face ( a dog20 & him ! ,diagram call$ ,eratao?4 ,! 8sev5?10 he adds1 8_h ! c\nt5ance ( an ass1 & 0 nam$ ,?aphabao? or ,onoel20 :]eas we discov]$ t 9 ! ,diagram he is call$ ,onoel1 or ,?>?>ao?1 be+ some:at as99e 9 appe>ance4 ,we h ?\ght x prop] to be exact 9 /at+ ^! matt]s1 t we might n appe> to be ignorant ( ^? ?+s :i* ,celsus pr(ess$ to "k1 b t we ,*ri/ians1 kn[+ !m bett] ?an he1 may demon/rate t ^! are n ! words ( ,*ri/ians1 b ( ^? :o are altoge!r ali5at$ f salvation1 & :o nei!r ackn[l$ge ,jesus z ,savi\r1 nor ,god1 nor tea*]1 nor ,son ( ,god4 ,footnote #aahg3 ,cf4 ,sp5c]'s note1 z quot$ 9 ,b5$ict9e ed4 ,footnote #aahh3 8,nescio1 an hresium ,scriptores hujus ,?au?abao?1 ,eratao?1 ,?aphabao?1 ,onoeles1 et ,?>?>ao?1 usquam mem9]9t4 ,hujus g5]is vocabula innum]a inv5ies apud ,epiphan4 ,hr4 #ca1 qu e/ ,val5t9ianorum1 pp4 #afe-aga40--,,sp5c]4 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,moreov]1 if any "o w\ld wi% to become acqua9t$ ) ! artifices ( ^? sorc]]s1 ?r\gh :i* !y desire to lead m5 away by _! tea*+ 7z if !y possess$ ! k ( c]ta9 secret rites71 b are n at all successful 9 s do+1 let him li/5 to ! in/ruction :i* !y receive aft] pass+ ?r\gh :at is t]m$ ! 8f5ce ( wick$ness10#aahi--;gates :i* are subject$ to ! _w ( rul+ spirits4#aaij ,! foll[+1 !n1 is ! mann] 9 :i* !y proce$3 8,i salute ! "o-=m$#aaia k+1 ! bond ( bl9dness1 complete#aaib oblivion1 ! fir/ p[]1 pres]v$ by ! _s ( provid5ce & by wisdom1 f :om ,i am s5t =? pure1 be+ already "p ( ! light ( ! son & ( ! fa!r3 grace be ) me2 yea1 ,o fa!r1 let x be ) me40 ,!y say also t ! beg9n+s ( ! ,ogdoad#aaic are d]iv$ f ?is4 ,9 ! next place1 !y are taught to say z foll[s1 :ile pass+ ?r\gh :at !y call ,ialdabao?3 8,?\1 ,o fir/ & sev5?1 :o art born to comm& ) confid5ce1 ?\1 ,o ,ialdabao?1 :o art ! rational rul] ( a pure m9d1 & a p]fect "w to son & fa!r1 be>+ ! symbol ( life 9 ! "* ( a type1 & op5+ to ! _w ! gate :i* ?\ did/ close aga9/ ?y k+dom1 ,i pass aga9 9 fre$om ?r\gh ?y realm4 ,let grace be ) me2 yea1 ,o fa!r1 let x be ) me40 ,!y say1 moreov]1 t ! /> ,phnon#aaid is 9 sympa?y#aaie ) ! lion-l rul]4 ,!y next imag9e t he :o has pass$ ?r\gh ,ialdabao? & arriv$ at ,iao ought ?us to speak3 8,?\1 ,o second ,iao1 :o %9e/ by night1#aaif :o art ! rul] ( ! secret my/]ies ( son & fa!r1 fir/ pr9ce ( dea?1 & portion ( ! innoc5t1 be>+ n[ m9e own be>d z symbol1 ,i am ready to pass ?r\gh ?y realm1 hav+ /r5g!n$ him :o is born ( !e by ! liv+ ^w4 ,grace be ) me2 fa!r1 let x be ) me40 ,!y next come to ,sabao?1 to :om !y ?9k ! foll[+ %\ld be address$3 8,o gov]nor ( ! fif? realm1 p[]ful ,sabao?1 def5d] ( ! law ( ?y creatures1 :o are lib]at$ by ?y grace ?r\gh ! help ( a m p[]ful ,p5tad1#aaig admit me1 see+ ! faultless symbol ( _! art1 pres]v$ by ! /amp ( an image1 a body lib]at$ by a ,p5tad4 ,let grace be ) me1 ,o fa!r1 let grace be ) me40 ,& aft] ,sabao? !y come to ,a/aphu1 to :om !y believe ! foll[+ pray] %\ld be (f]$3 8,o ,a/aphu1 rul] ( ! ?ird gate1 ov]se] ( ! fir/ pr9ciple ( wat]1 look ^u me z "o ( ?9e initiat$1#aaih admit me :o am purifi$ ) ! _s ( a virg91 ?\ :o see/ ! ess5ce ( ! _w4 ,let grace be ) me1 ,o fa!r1 let grace be ) me40 ,aft] him comes ,alou1 :o is to be ?us address$3 8,o ,alou1 gov]nor ( ! second gate1 let me pass1 see+ ,i br+ to !e ! symbol ( ?y "m1 a grace :i* is hidd5 by ! p[]s ( ! realms4#aaii ,let grace be ) me1 ,o fa!r1 let x be ) me40 ,& la/ ( all !y "n ,horu1 & ?9k t ! foll[+ pray] ought to be (f]$ to him3 8,?\ :o did/ fe>lessly ov]leap ! ramp>t ( fire1 ,o ,horu1 :o did/ obta9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! fir/ gate1 let me pass1 see+ ?\ beholde/ ! symbol ( ?9e own p[]1 sculptur$#abjj on ! figure ( ! tree ( life1 & =m$ aft] ?is image1 9 ! lik5ess ( innoc5ce4 ,let grace be ) me1 ,o fa!r1 let grace be ) me40 ,footnote #aahi3 4 ,footnote #aaij3 4 ,footnote #aaia3 4 ,footnote #aaib3 4 ,footnote #aaic3 4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 de prscript4 adv4 ,hreticos1 c4 #cc 7,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y2 ,writ+s ( ,t]tullian1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ci71 & o!r ref]5ces 9 ,b5$ict9e ed4 ,footnote #aaid3 4 8,ea1 qu ,saturni /ella dicitur1 a ,grcis dicitur40--,,cic]o1 de ,nat4 ,deorum1 book ii4 ,footnote #aaie3 4 ,footnote #aaif3 4 ,footnote #aaig3 4 ,footnote #aaih3 4 ,footnote #aaii3 4 ,footnote #abjj3 ,= ,boh]ellus conjectures 1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,! suppos$ great le>n+ ( ,celsus1 :i* is compos$1 h[ev]1 r ( curi\s trifles & silly talk ?an any?+ else1 has made u t\* ^u ^! topics1 f a wi% to %[ to e "o :o p]uses 8 treatise & our reply1 t we h no lack ( in=mation on ^? subjects1 f :i* he takes occasion to calumniate ! ,*ri/ians1 :o nei!r are acqua9t$ )1 nor conc]n !mselves ab\t1 su* matt]s4 ,= we1 too1 desir$ bo? to le>n & set =? ^! ?+s1 9 ord] t sorc]]s might n1 "u pretext ( kn[+ m ?an we1 delude ^? :o are easily c>ri$ away by ! glitt]#abja ( names4 ,& ,i c\ld h giv5 _m m illu/rations to %[ t we are acqua9t$ ) ! op9ions ( ^! delud]s1#abjb & t we dis[n !m1 z be+ ali5 to ours1 & impi\s1 & n 9 h>mony ) ! doctr9es ( true ,*ri/ians1 ( :i* we are ready to make confession ev5 to ! dea?4 ,x mu/ be notic$1 too1 t ^? :o h drawn up ?is array ( fictions1 h1 f nei!r und]/&+ magic1 nor discrim9at+ ! mean+ ( ,holy ,scripture1 ?r[n ev]y?+ into confusion2 see+ t !y h borr[$ f magic ! names ( ,ialdabao?1 & ,a/aphu1 & ,horu1 & f ! ,hebrew ,scriptures him :o is t]m$ 9 ,hebrew ,iao or ,jah1 & ,sabao?1 & ,adonu1 & ,elou4 ,n[ ! names tak5 f ! ,scriptures are names ( "o & ! same ,god2 :i*1 n be+ und]/ood by ! enemies ( ,god1 z ev5 !mselves ackn[l$ge1 l$ to _! imag9+ t ,iao 0 a diff]5t ,god1 & ,sabao? ano!r1 & ,adonu1 :om ! ,scriptures t]m ,adonai1 a ?ird besides1 & t ,elou1 :om ! prophets "n 9 ,hebrew ,eloi1 0 also diff]5t4 ,footnote #abja3 4 ,footnote #abjb3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,celsus next relates o!r fables1 to ! effect t 8c]ta9 p]sons return to ! %apes ( ! ar*ontics1#abjc s t "s are call$ lions1 o!rs bulls1 o!rs dragons1 or eagles1 or be>s1 or dogs40 ,we f\nd also 9 ! ,diagram :i* we possess$1 & :i* ,celsus call$ ! 8squ>e patt]n10 ! /atem5ts#abjd made by ^! unhappy be+s conc]n+ ! gates ( ,p>adise4 ,! flam+ sword 0 depict$ z ! diamet] ( a flam+ circle1 & z if m\nt+ gu>d ov] ! tree ( k & ( life4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 ei!r w\ld n or c\ld n repeat ! h>angues :i*1 accord+ to ! fables ( ^! impi\s individuals1 are repres5t$ z spok5 at ea* ( ! gates by ^? :o pass ?r\gh !m2 b ?is we h done 9 ord] to %[ to ,celsus & ^? :o read 8 treatise1 t we "k ! dep? ( ^! unhall[$ my/]ies1#abje & t !y are f> remov$ f ! wor%ip :i* ,*ri/ians (f] up to ,god4 ,footnote #abjc3 4 ,footnote #abjd3 ,guietus ?9ks t "s ^w has be5 omitt$ "h1 z 1 :i* seems v probable4 ,footnote #abje3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,aft] f9i%+ ! =ego+1 & ^? analog\s matt]s :i* we ourselves h add$1 ,celsus cont9ues z foll[s3 8,!y cont9ue to heap toge!r "o ?+ aft] ano!r1--disc\rses ( prophets1 & circles ^u circles1 & efflu5ts#abjf f an e>?ly *ur*1 & f circumcision2 & a p[] fl[+ f "o ,prunicos1 a virg9 & a liv+ s\l2 & a heav5 sla9 9 ord] to live1 & an e>? slaught]$ by ! sword1 & _m put to dea? t !y may live1 & dea? ceas+ 9 ! _w1 :5 ! s9 ( ! _w is dead2 &1 aga91 a n>r[ way1 & gates t op5 spontane\sly4 ,& 9 all _! writ+s is m5tion made ( ! tree ( life1 & a resurrection ( ! fle% by means#abjg ( ! #8tree1' because1 ,i imag9e1 _! tea*] 0 nail$ to a cross1 & 0 a c>p5t] by trade2 s t if he _h *anc$ to h be5 ca/ f a precipice1 or ?ru/ into a pit1 or suffocat$ by hang+1 or _h be5 a lea!r-cutt]1 or /one-cutt]1 or work] 9 iron1 !re w\ld h be5 inv5t$ a precipice ( life beyond ! heav5s1 or a pit ( resurrection1 or a cord ( immortality1 or a bless$ /one1 or an iron ( love1 or a sacr$ lea!r6 ,n[ :at old woman w\ld n be a%am$ to utt] su* ?+s 9 a :isp]1 ev5 :5 mak+ /ories to lull an infant to sleep80 ,9 us+ su* language z ?is1 ,celsus appe>s to me to confuse toge!r matt]s :i* he has imp]fectly he>d4 ,= x seems likely t1 ev5 suppos+ t he _h he>d a few words traceable to "s exi/+ h]esy1 he did n cle>ly und]/& ! mean+ int5d$ to be convey$2 b heap+ ! words toge!r1 he wi%$ to %[ be=e ^? :o knew no?+ ei!r ( our op9ions or ( ^? ( ! h]etics1 t he 0 acqua9t$ ) all ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,& ?is is evid5t also f ! =ego+ words4 ,footnote #abjf3 4 ,footnote #abjg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,x is our practice1 inde$1 to make use ( ! words ( ! prophets1 :o demon/rate t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/ pr$ict$ by !m1 & :o %[ f ! prophetic writ+s t ! ev5ts 9 ! ,gospels reg>d+ ,jesus h be5 fulfill$4 ,b :5 ,celsus speaks ( 8circles ^u circles10 he p]haps borr[$ ! expression f ! a=em5tion$ h]esy1 :i* includes 9 "o circle 7:i* !y call ! s\l ( all ?+s1 & ,levia?an7 ! sev5 circles ( ar*ontic demons1 or p]haps x arises f misund]/&+ ! prea*]1 :5 he says3 8,! w9d goe? 9 a circle ( circles1 & returne? aga9 ^u its circles40#abjh ,! expression1 too1 8efflu5ts ( an e>?ly *ur* & ( circumcision10 0 probably tak5 f ! fact t ! *ur* on e>? 0 call$ by "s an efflu5t f a heav5ly *ur* & a bett] _w2 & t ! circumcision describ$ 9 ! law 0 a symbol ( ! circumcision p]=m$ !re1 9 a c]ta9 place set ap>t = purification4 ,! adh]5ts ( ,val5t9us1 moreov]1 9 keep+ ) _! sy/em ( error1#abji give ! "n ( ,prunicos to a c]ta9 k9d ( wisdom1 ( :i* !y w\ld h ! woman afflict$ ) ! twelve ye>s' issue ( blood to be ! symbol2 s t ,celsus1 :o confuses toge!r all sorts ( op9ions--,greek1 ,b>b>ian1 & ,h]etical--hav+ he>d ( h]1 ass]t$ t x 0 a p[] fl[+ =? f "o ,prunicos1 a virg94 ,! 8liv+ s\l10 aga91 is p]haps my/]i\sly ref]r$ by "s ( ! foll[]s ( ,val5t9us to ! be+ :om !y t]m ! psy*ic#abaj creator ( ! _w2 or p]haps1 9 contradi/9ction to a 8dead0 s\l1 ! 8liv+0 s\l is t]m$ by "s1 n inelegantly1#abaa ! s\l ( 8him :o is sav$40 ,i "k no?+1 h[ev]1 ( a 8heav5 :i* is said to be sla910 or ( an 8e>? slaught]$ by ! sword10 or ( _m p]sons sla9 9 ord] t !y might live2 = x is n unlikely t ^! 7 co9$ by ,celsus out ( 8 own bra94 ,footnote #abjh3 ,eccles4 i4 #f 7lit]ally r5d]$74 ,footnote #abji3 4 ,footnote #abaj3 4 ,footnote #abaa3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,we w\ld say1 moreov]1 t dea? ceases 9 ! _w :5 ! s9 ( ! _w dies1 ref]r+ ! say+ to ! my/ical words ( ! apo/le1 :i* run z foll[s3 8,:5 ,he %all h put all enemies "u ,8 feet1 !n ! la/ enemy t %all be de/roy$ is dea?40#abab ,& also3 8,:5 ?is corruptible %all h put on incorruption1 !n %all be br\ght to pass ! say+ t is writt51 ,dea? is swall[$ up 9 victory40#abac ,! 8/rait desc5t10#abad aga91 may p]haps be ref]r$ by ^? :o hold ! doctr9e ( transmigration ( s\ls to t view ( ?+s4 ,& x is n incr$ible t ! gates :i* are said to op5 spontane\sly are ref]r$ obscurely by "s to ! words1 8,op5 to me ! gates ( righte\sness1 t ,i may g into !m1 & praise ! ,"l2 ?is gate ( ! ,"l1 into x ! righte\s %all ent]20#abae & aga91 to :at is said 9 ! n9? psalm1 8,?\ t lifte/ me up f ! gates ( dea?1 t ,i may %[ =? all ,?y praise 9 ! gates ( ! daught] ( ,zion40#abaf ,! ,scripture fur!r gives ! "n ( 8gates ( dea?0 to ^? s9s :i* lead to de/ruction1 z x t]ms1 on ! contr>y1 good actions ! 8gates ( ,zion40 ,s also 8! gates ( righte\sness10 :i* is an equival5t expression to 8! gates ( virtue10 & ^! are ready to be op5$ to him :o foll[s aft] virtu\s pursuits4 ,! subject ( ! 8tree ( life0 w be m appropriately expla9$ :5 we int]pret ! /atem5ts 9 ! book ( ,g5esis reg>d+ ! p>adise plant$ by ,god4 ,celsus1 moreov]1 has (t5 mock$ at ! subject ( a resurrection1--a doctr9e :i* he did n compreh5d2 & on ! pres5t occasion1 n satisfi$ ) :at he has =m]ly said1 he adds1 8,& !re is said to be a resurrection ( ! fle% by means ( ! tree20 n und]/&+1 ,i ?9k1 ! symbolical expression1 t 8?r\gh ! tree came dea?1 & ?r\gh ! tree comes life10#abag because dea? 0 9 ,adam1 & life 9 ,*ri/4 ,he next sc(fs at ! 8tree10 assail+ x on two gr\nds1 & say+1 8,= ?is reason is ! tree introduc$1 ei!r because our tea*] 0 nail$ to a cross1 or because he 0 a c>p5t] by trade20 n obs]v+ t ! tree ( life is m5tion$ 9 ! ,mosaic writ+s1 & be+ bl9d also to ?is1 t 9 none ( ! ,gospels curr5t 9 ! *ur*es is ,jesus ,himself ev] describ$ z be+ a c>p5t]4#abah ,footnote #abab3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #be1 #bf4 ,footnote #abac3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ed2 cf4 ,hos4 xiii4 #ad4 ,footnote #abad3 4 ,footnote #abae3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cxviii4 #ai1 #bj4 ,footnote #abaf3 ,cf4 ,ps4 ix4 #ac1 #ad4 ,footnote #abag3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #bb4 ,footnote #abah3 ,cf41 h[ev]1 ,m>k vi4 #c4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,celsus1 moreov]1 ?9ks t we h inv5t$ ?is 8tree ( life0 to give an allegorical mean+ to ! cross2 & 9 consequ5ce ( 8 error ^u ?is po9t1 he adds3 8,if he _h happ5$ to be ca/ d[n a precipice1 or %ov$ into a pit1 or suffocat$ by hang+1 !re w\ld h be5 inv5t$ a precipice ( life f> beyond ! heav5s1 or a pit ( resurrection1 or a cord ( immortality40 ,& aga93 8,if ! #8tree ( life' 7 an inv5tion1 because he 7,jesus7 is report$ to h be5 a c>p5t]1 x w\ld foll[ t if he _h be5 a lea!r-cutt]1 some?+ w\ld h be5 said ab\t holy lea!r2 or _h he be5 a /one-cutt]1 ab\t a bless$ /one2 or if a work] 9 iron1 ab\t an iron ( love40 ,n[1 :o does n see at once#abai ! paltry nature ( 8 *>ge1 9 ?us calumniat+ m5 :om he pr(ess$ to conv]t on ! gr\nd ( _! be+ deceiv$8 ,& aft] ^! rem>ks1 he goes on to speak 9 a way q 9 h>mony ) ! tone ( ^? :o h inv5t$ ! fictions ( lion-l1 & ass-head$1 & s]p5t-l rul+ angels1#abbj & o!r simil> absurdities1 b :i* does n affect ^? :o belong to ! *ur*4 ,( a tru?1 ev5 a drunk5 old woman w\ld be a%am$ to *aunt or :isp] to an infant1 9 ord] to lull him to sleep1 any su* fables z ^? h done :o inv5t$ ! be+s ) asses' heads1 & ! h>angues1 s to speak1 :i* are deliv]$ at ea* ( ! gates4 ,b ,celsus is n acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9es ( ! memb]s ( ! *ur*1 :i* v few h be5 able to compreh5d1 ev5 ( ^? :o h devot$ all _! lives1 9 con=mity ) ! comm& ( ,jesus1 to ! se>*+ ( ! ,scriptures1 & h lab\r$ to inve/igate ! mean+ ( ! sacr$ books1 to a great] degree ?an ,greek philosoph]s 9 _! ef=ts to atta9 a s-call$ wisdom4 ,footnote #abai3 4 ,footnote #abbj3 4 ,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,our noble fri5d1 moreov]1 n satisfi$ ) ! objections :i* he has drawn f ! ,diagram1 desires1 9 ord] to /r5g!n 8 accusations aga9/ u1 :o h no?+ 9 common ) x1 to introduce c]ta9 o!r *>ges1 :i* he adduces f ! same h]etics1 b yet z if !y 7 f a diff]5t s\rce4 ,8 words are3 8,& t is n ! lea/ ( _! m>vels1 = !re are betwe5 ! upp] circles--^? t are above ! heav5s--c]ta9 inscriptions ( :i* !y give ! int]pretation1 & among o!rs two words especially1 #8a great] & a less1' :i* !y ref] to ,fa!r & ,son40#abba ,n[1 9 ! ,diagram ref]r$ to1 we f\nd ! great] & ! less] circle1 ^u ! diamet] ( :i* 0 inscrib$ 8,fa!r & ,son20 & betwe5 ! great] circle 79 :i* ! less] 0 conta9$7 & ano!r#abbb compos$ ( two circles1--! out] "o ( :i* 0 yell[1 & ! inn] blue1--a b>ri] inscrib$ 9 ! %ape ( a hat*et4 ,& above x1 a %ort circle1 close to ! great] ( ! two =m]1 hav+ ! inscription 8,love20 & l[] d[n1 "o t\*+ ! same circle1 ) ! ^w 8,life40 ,& on ! second circle1 :i* 0 int]tw9$ ) & includ$ two o!r circles1 ano!r figure1 l a rhomboid1 entitl$ 8,! =esight ( wisdom40 ,& )9 _! po9t ( common section 0 8,! nature ( wisdom40 ,& above _! po9t ( common section 0 a circle1 on :i* 0 inscrib$ 8,k20 & l[] d[n ano!r1 on :i* 0 ! inscription1 8,und]/&+40 ,we h introduc$ ^! matt]s into our reply to ,celsus1 to %[ to our read]s t we "k bett] ?an he1 & n by m]e report1 ^? ?+s1 ev5 al?\gh we also disapprove ( !m4 ,moreov]1 if ^? :o pride !mselves ^u su* matt]s pr(ess also a k9d ( magic & sorc]y1--:i*1 9 _! op9ion1 is ! summit ( wisdom1--we1 on ! o!r h&1 make no affirmation ab\t x1 see+ we nev] h discov]$ any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,let ,celsus1 h[ev]1 :o has be5 already (t5 convict$ ( false witness & irrational accusations1 see :e!r he is n guilty ( falsehood 9 ^! also1 or :e!r he has n extract$ & introduc$ into 8 treatise1 /atem5ts tak5 f ! writ+s ( ^? :o are =eign]s & /rang]s to our ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,footnote #abba3 1 1 4 ,footnote #abbb3 ,= 1 ! textual read+1 ,gel5ius1 ) ! approval ( ,boh]ellus1 proposes 1 :i* has be5 foll[$ 9 ! translation4 ,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,9 ! next place1 speak+ ( ^? :o employ ! arts ( magic & sorc]y1 & :o invoke ! b>b>\s names ( demons1 he rem>ks t su* p]sons act l ^? :o1 9 ref]5ce to ! same ?+s1#abbc p]=m m>vels be=e ^? :o are ignorant t ! names ( demons among ! ,greeks are diff]5t f :at !y are among ! ,scy?ians4 ,he !n quotes a passage f ,h]odotus1 /at+ t 8,apollo is call$ ,gongosyrus by ! ,scy?ians2 ,poseidon1 ,?agimasada2 ,aphrodite1 ,argimpasan2 ,he/ia1 ,tabiti40#abbd ,n[1 he :o has ! capacity c inquire :e!r 9 ^! matt]s ,celsus & ,h]odotus are n bo? wrong2 = ! ,scy?ians d n und]/& ! same ?+ z ! ,greeks1 9 :at relates to ^? be+s :i* are deem$ to be gods4 ,= h[ is x cr$ible#abbe t ,apollo %\ld be call$ ,gongosyrus by ! ,scy?ians8 ,i d n suppose t ,gongosyrus1 :5 transf]r$ into ! ,greek language1 yields ! same etymology z ,apollo2 or t ,apollo1 9 ! dialect ( ! ,scy?ians1 has ! signification ( ,gongosyrus4 ,nor has any su* ass]tion hi!rto be5 made reg>d+ ! o!r names1#abbf = ! ,greeks took occasion f diff]5t circum/ances & etymologies to give to ^? :o are by !m deem$ gods ! names :i* !y be>2 & ! ,scy?ians1 aga91 f ano!r set ( circum/ances2 & ! same also 0 ! case ) ! ,p]sians1 or ,indians1 or ,e?iopians1 or ,libyans1 or ) ^? :o delight to be/[ names f fancy1 & :o d n abide by ! j & pure idea ( ! ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 has be5 said by u 9 ! prec$+ pages1 :]e we wi%$ to demon/rate t ,sabao? & ,zeus 7 n ! same deity1 & :]e also we made "s rem>ks1 d]iv$ f ! ,holy ,scriptures1 reg>d+ ! diff]5t dialects4 ,we will+ly1 !n1 pass by ^! po9ts1 on :i* ,celsus w\ld make u repeat ourselves4 ,9 ! next place1 aga91 mix+ up toge!r matt]s :i* belong to magic & sorc]y1 & ref]r+ !m p]haps to no "o1--because ( ! non-exi/5ce ( any :o practise magic "u pret5ce ( a wor%ip ( ?is "*1--& yet1 p]haps1 hav+ 9 view "s :o d employ su* practices 9 ! pres5ce ( ! simple 7t !y may h ! appe>ance ( act+ by div9e p[]71 he adds3 8,:at ne$ to numb] up all ^? :o h taught me?ods ( purification1 or expiatory hymns1 or spells = av]t+ evil1 or ! mak+ ( images1 or resemblances ( demons1 or ! v>i\s sorts ( antidotes aga9/ poison to be f\nd#abbg 9 clo!s1 or 9 numb]s1 or /ones1 or plants1 or roots1 or g5]ally 9 all k9ds ( ?+s80 ,9 respect to ^! matt]s1 reason does n require u to (f] any def5ce1 s9ce we are n liable 9 ! slighte/ degree to suspicions ( su* a nature4 ,footnote #abbc3 4 ,footnote #abbd3 ,cf4 ,h]odot4 iv4 #i4 ,footnote #abbe3 4 ,footnote #abbf3 ,= ! textual read+1 1 ,boh]ellus conjectures 1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,footnote #abbg3 ,= 1 ,lommatzs* adopts ! conjecture ( ,boh]ellus1 approv$ by ,ruu1 4 ,*apt] ,,xl4 ,aft] ^! ?+s1 ,celsus appe>s to me to act l ^? :o1 9 _! int5se hatr$ ( ! ,*ri/ians1 ma9ta91 9 ! pres5ce ( ^? :o are utt]ly ignorant ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 t !y h actually asc]ta9$ t ,*ri/ians dev\r ! fle% ( infants1 & give !mselves )\t re/ra9t to sexual int]c\rse ) _! wom54 ,n[1 z ^! /atem5ts h be5 condemn$ z falsehoods inv5t$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 & ?is admission made by ! multitude & ^? altoge!r ali5s to our fai?2 s w\ld ! foll[+ /atem5ts ( ,celsus be f\nd to be calumnies inv5t$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 :]e he says t 8he has se5 9 ! h&s ( c]ta9 presbyt]s belong+ to our fai?#abbh b>b>\s books1 conta9+ ! names & m>vell\s do+s ( demons20 ass]t+ fur!r1 t 8^! presbyt]s ( our fai? pr(ess$ to d no good1 b all t 0 calculat$ to injure human be+s40 ,w\ld1 inde$1 t all t is said by ,celsus aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians 0 ( su* a nature z to be refut$ by ! multitude1 :o h asc]ta9$ by exp]i5ce t su* ?+s are untrue1 see+ t mo/ ( !m h liv$ z neighb\rs ) ! ,*ri/ians1 & h n ev5 he>d ( ! exi/5ce ( any su* alleg$ practices6 ,footnote #abbh3 4 ,*apt] ,,xli4 ,9 ! next place1 z if he _h =gott5 t x 0 8 object to write aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 he says t1 8hav+ become acqua9t$ ) "o ,dionysius1 an ,egyptian musician1 ! latt] told him1 ) respect to magic arts1 t x 0 only ov] ! un$ucat$ & m5 ( corrupt morals t !y _h any p[]1 :ile on philosoph]s !y 7 unable to produce any effect1 because !y 7 c>eful to obs]ve a heal?y mann] ( life40 ,if1 n[1 x _h be5 our purpose to treat ( magic1 we c\ld h add$ a few rem>ks 9 addition to :at we h already said on ?is topic2 b s9ce x is only ! m important matt]s :i* we h to notice 9 answ] to ,celsus1 we %all say ( magic1 t any "o :o *ooses to inquire :e!r philosoph]s 7 ev] l$ captive by x or n1 c read :at has be5 writt5 by ,moirag5es reg>d+ ! memoirs ( ! magician & philosoph] ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 9 :i* ?is individual1 :o is n a ,*ri/ian1 b a philosoph]1 ass]ts t "s philosoph]s ( no mean note 7 won ov] by ! magic p[] possess$ by ,apollonius1 & resort$ to him z a sorc]]2 & among ^!1 ,i ?9k1 he especially m5tion$ ,euphrates & a c]ta9 ,epicurean4 ,n[ we1 on ! o!r h&1 affirm1 & h le>n$ by exp]i5ce1 t !y :o wor%ip ! ,god ( all ?+s 9 con=mity ) ! ,*ri/ianity :i* comes by ,jesus1 & :o live accord+ to ,8 gospel1 us+ night & day1 cont9u\sly & becom+ly1 ! prescrib$ pray]s1 are n c>ri$ away ei!r by magic or demons4 ,= v]ily 8! angel ( ! ,"l encamps r\nd ab\t !m t fe> ,him1 & deliv]e? !m0#abbi f all evil2 & ! angels ( ! little ones 9 ! *ur*1 :o are appo9t$ to wat* ov] !m1 are said always to behold ! face ( _! ,fa!r :o is 9 heav51#abcj :atev] be ! mean+ ( 8face0 or ( 8behold40 ,footnote #abbi3 ,cf4 ,ps4 xxxiv4 #g4 ,footnote #abcj3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xviii4 #aj4 ,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,aft] ^! matt]s1 ,celsus br+s ! foll[+ *>ges aga9/ u f ano!r qu>t]3 8,c]ta9 mo/ impi\s errors10 he says1 8are committ$ by !m1 due to _! extreme ignorance1 9 :i* !y h w&]$ away f ! mean+ ( ! div9e enigmas1 creat+ an adv]s>y to ,god1 ! devil1 & nam+ him 9 ! ,hebrew tongue1 ,satan4 ,n[1 ( a tru?1 su* /atem5ts are altoge!r ( mortal inv5tion1#abca & n ev5 prop] to be repeat$1 viz4 t ! mighty ,god1 9 ,8 desire to conf] good ^u m51 has yet "o c\nt]work+ ,him1 & is helpless4 ,! ,son ( ,god1 x foll[s1 is vanqui%$ by ! devil2 & be+ puni%$ by him1 tea*es u also to despise ! puni%m5ts :i* he inflicts1 tell+ u be=eh& t ,satan1 aft] appe>+ to m5 z ,he ,himself _h done1 w exhibit great & m>vell\s works1 claim+ = himself ! glory ( ,god1 b t ^? :o wi% to keep him at a di/ance ought to pay no att5tion to ^! works ( ,satan1 b to place _! fai? 9 ,him alone4 ,su* /atem5ts are manife/ly ! words ( a delud]1 plann+ & manuvr+ aga9/ ^? :o are oppos$ to 8 views1 & :o rank !mselves aga9/ !m40 ,9 ! next place1 desir+ to po9t out ! 8enigmas10 our mi/akes reg>d+ :i* lead to ! introduction ( our views conc]n+ ,satan1 he cont9ues3 8,! anci5ts allude obscurely to a c]ta9 w> among ! gods1 ,h]aclitus speak+ ?us ( x3 #8,if "o mu/ say t !re is a g5]al w> & discord1 & t all ?+s are done & adm9i/]$ 9 /rife4' ,ph]ecydes1 aga91 :o is mu* old] ?an ,h]aclitus1 relates a my? ( "o army drawn up 9 ho/ile array aga9/ ano!r1 & names ,kronos z ! lead] ( ! "o1 & ,ophioneus ( ! o!r1 & rec\nts _! *all5ges & /ruggles1 & m5tions t agreem5ts 7 ent]$ into betwe5 !m1 to ! end t :i*ev] p>ty %\ld fall into ! ,ocean#abcb %\ld be held z vanqui%$1 :ile ^? :o _h expell$ & conqu]$ !m %\ld h possession ( heav54 ,! my/]ies relat+ to ! ,titans & ,giants also _h "s su* symbolical mean+1 z well z ! ,egyptian my/]ies ( ,typhon1 & ,horus1 & ,osiris40 ,aft] hav+ made su* /atem5ts1 & n hav+ got ov] ! difficulty#abcc z to ! way 9 :i* ^! acc\nts conta9 a high] view ( ?+s1 :ile our acc\nts are errone\s copies ( !m1 he cont9ues 8 abuse ( u1 rem>k+ t 8^! are n l ! /ories :i* are relat$ ( a devil1 or demon1 or1 z he rem>ks ) m tru?1 ( a man :o is an impo/or1 :o wi%es to e/abli% an opposite doctr9e40 ,& 9 ! same way he und]/&s ,hom]1 z if he ref]r$ obscurely to matt]s simil> to ^? m5tion$ by ,h]aclitus1 & ,ph]ecydes1 & ! orig9ators ( ! my/]ies ab\t ! ,titans & ,giants1 9 ^? words :i* ,heph/us addresses to ,h]a1 z foll[s3 8,once 9 y\r cause ,i felt 8 mat*less might1 ,hurl$ headlong d[nw>d f ! e!real height40#abcd ,& 9 ^? ( ,zeus to ,h]a3 8,ha/ ?\ =got1 :5 b\nd & fix'd on high ,f ! va/ concave ( ! spangl$ sky1 ,i hung !e trembl+ on a gold5 *a91 ,& all ! rag+ gods oppos$ 9 va98 ,headlong ,i hurl$ !m f ! ,olympian hall1 ,/unn'd 9 ! :irl1 & brea?less ) ! fall40#abce ,int]pret+1 moreov]1 ! words ( ,hom]1 he adds3 8,! words ( ,zeus address$ to ,h]a are ! words ( ,god address$ to matt]2 & ! words address$ to matt] obscurely signify t ! matt] :i* at ! beg9n+ 0 9 a /ate ( discord ) ,god1 0 tak5 by ,him1 & b\nd toge!r & arrang$ "u laws1 :i* may be analogically comp>$ to *a9s2#abcf & t by way ( *a/is+ ! demons :o create disord] 9 x1 he hurls !m d[n headlong to ?is l[] _w40 ,^! words ( ,hom]1 he alleges1 7 s und]/ood by ,ph]ecydes1 :5 he said t b5ea? t region is ! region ( ,t>t>us1 :i* is gu>d$ by ! ,h>pies & ,tempe/1 daught]s ( ,boreas1 & to :i* ,zeus bani%es any "o ( ! gods :o becomes disord]ly4 ,) ! same ideas also are closely connect$ ! peplos ( ,a!na1 :i* is beheld by all 9 ! procession ( ! ,pana!na4 ,= x is manife/ f ?is1 he cont9ues1 t a mo!rless & unsulli$ demon#abcg has ! ma/]y ov] ! d>+ ( ! ,giants4 ,:ile accept+1 moreov]1 ! fictions ( ! ,greeks1 he cont9ues to heap aga9/ u su* accusations z ! foll[+1 viz41 t 8! ,son ( ,god is puni%$ by ! devil1 & tea*es u t we also1 :5 puni%$ by him1 ought to endure x4 ,n[ ^! /atem5ts are altoge!r ridicul\s4 ,= x is ! devil1 ,i ?9k1 :o ought r to be puni%$1 & ^? human be+s :o are calumniat$ by him ought n to be ?reat5$ ) *a/isem5t40 ,footnote #abca3 4 ,in/ead ( ?is read+1 ,guietus conjectures 1 :i* is approv$ ( by ,ruu4 ,footnote #abcb3 1 i4e4 9 ,oceanum1 ,hesy*42 1 1 ,suid4 ,footnote #abcc3 4 ,footnote #abcd3 ,cf4 ,iliad1 book i4 v4 #eij1 ,pope's translation4 ,footnote #abce3 ,cf4 ,iliad1 book xv4 vv4 #ah-bd1 ,pope's translation4 ,footnote #abcf3 4 ,footnote #abcg3 4 ,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,m>k n[1 :e!r he :o *>ges u ) hav+ committ$ errors ( ! mo/ impi\s k9d1 & ) hav+ w&]$ away f ! true mean+ ( ! div9e enigmas1 is n himself cle>ly 9 error1 f n obs]v+ t 9 ! writ+s ( ,moses1 :i* are mu* old] n m]ely ?an ,h]aclitus & ,ph]ecydes1 b ev5 ?an ,hom]1 m5tion is made ( ?is wick$ "o1 & ( 8 hav+ fall5 f heav54 ,= ! s]p5t#abch--;f :om ! ,ophioneus spok5 ( by ,ph]ecydes is d]iv$--hav+ become ! cause ( man's expulsion f ! div9e ,p>adise1 obscurely %ad[s =? some?+ simil>1 hav+ deceiv$ ! woman#abci by a promise ( div9ity & ( great] bless+s2 & h] example is said to h be5 foll[$ also by ! man4 ,&1 fur!r1 :o else c\ld ! de/roy+ angel m5tion$ 9 ! ,exodus ( ,moses#abdj be1 ?an he :o 0 ! au?or ( de/ruction to !m t obey$ him1 & did n )/& 8 wick$ de$s1 nor /ruggle aga9/ !m8 ,moreov]1 ! goat1 :i* 9 ! book ( ,leviticus#abda is s5t away into ! wild]ness1 & :i* 9 ! ,hebrew language is nam$ ,azazel1 0 none o!r ?an ?is2 & x 0 necess>y to s5d x away into ! des]t1 & to treat x z an expiatory sacrifice1 because on x ! lot fell4 ,= all :o belong to ! 8worse0 "p1 on acc\nt ( _! wick$ness1 be+ oppos$ to ^? :o are ,god's h]itage1 are des]t$ by ,god4 ,nay1 ) respect to ! sons ( ,belial 9 ! book ( ,judges1#abdb ^: sons are !y said to be1 save 81 on acc\nt ( _! wick$ness8 ,& besides all ^! in/ances1 9 ! book ( ,job1 :i* is old] ev5 ?an ,moses himself1 ! devil is di/9ctly describ$ z pres5t+ himself be=e ,god1#abdc & ask+ = p[] aga9/ ,job1 t he might involve him 9 trials#abdd ( ! mo/ pa9ful k9d2 ! fir/ ( :i* consi/$ 9 ! loss ( all 8 goods & ( 8 *ildr51 & ! second 9 afflict+ ! :ole body ( ,job ) ! s-call$ disease ( elephantiasis4#abde ,i pass by :at might be quot$ f ! ,gospels reg>d+ ! devil :o tempt$ ! ,savi\r1 t ,i may n appe> to quote 9 reply to ,celsus f m rec5t writ+s on ?is "q4 ,9 ! la/ *apt]#abdf also ( ,job1 9 :i* ! ,"l utt]s to ,job amid tempe/ & cl\ds :at is record$ 9 ! book :i* be>s 8 "n1 !re are n a few ?+s ref]r+ to ! s]p5t4 ,i h n yet m5tion$ ! passages 9 ,ezekiel1#abdg :]e he speaks1 z x 71 ( ,ph>aoh1 or ,nebu*adnezz>1 or ! pr9ce ( ,tyre2 or ^? 9 ,isaiah1#abdh :]e lam5t is made = ! k+ ( ,babylon1 f :i* n a little might be le>n$ conc]n+ evil1 z to ! nature ( its orig9 & g5]ation1 & z to h[ x d]iv$ its exi/5ce f "s :o _h lo/ _! w+s1#abdi & :o _h foll[$ him :o 0 ! fir/ to lose 8 own4 ,footnote #abch3 ,cf4 ,g54 iii4 ,footnote #abci3 4 ,footnote #abdj3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xii4 #bc4 ,footnote #abda3 ,cf4 ,lev4 xvi4 #h4 ,footnote #abdb3 1 4 ,footnote #abdc3 ,cf4 ,job i41 ii4 ,footnote #abdd3 4 ,footnote #abde3 4 ,footnote #abdf3 ,cf4 ,job xl4 #bj4 ,footnote #abdg3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xxxii4 #a-bh4 ,footnote #abdh3 ,isa4 xiv4 #d sqq4 ,footnote #abdi3 4 ,cf4 ,book iv4 c4 #dj4 ,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,= x is impossible t ! good :i* is ! result ( accid5t1 or ( communication1 %\ld be l t good :i* comes by nature2 & yet ! =m] w nev] be lo/ by him :o1 s to speak1 p>takes ( ! 8liv+0 bread ) a view to 8 own pres]vation4 ,b if x %\ld fail any "o1 x mu/ be ?r\gh 8 own fault1 9 be+ slo?ful to p>take ( ?is 8liv+ bread0 & 8g5u9e dr9k10 by means ( :i* ! w+s1 n\ri%$ & wat]$1 are fitt$ = _! purpose1 ev5 accord+ to ! say+ ( ,solomon1 ! wise/ ( m51 conc]n+ ! truly ri* man1 t 8he made to himself w+s l an eagle1 & returns to ! h\se ( 8 patron40#abej ,= x became ,god1 :o kn[s h[ to turn to prop] acc\nt ev5 ^? :o 9 _! wick$ness h apo/atiz$ f ,him1 to place wick$ness ( ?is sort 9 "s "p ( ! univ]se1 & to appo9t a tra9+-s*ool ( virtue1 :]e9 ^? mu/ ex]cise !mselves :o w\ld desire to recov] 9 a 8lawful mann]0#abea ! possession :i* !y _h lo/2 9 ord] t be+ te/$1 l gold 9 ! fire1 by ! wick$ness ( ^!1 & hav+ ex]t$ !mselves to ! utmo/ to prev5t any?+ base injur+ _! rational nature1 !y may appe> des]v+ ( an asc5t to div9e ?+s1 & may be elevat$ by ! ,^w to ! bless$ness :i* is above all ?+s1 & s to speak1 to ! v summit ( goodness4 ,n[ he :o 9 ! ,hebrew language is nam$ ,satan1 & by "s ,satanas--z be+ m 9 con=mity ) ! g5ius ( ! ,greek language--signifies1 :5 translat$ into ,greek1 8adv]s>y40 ,b e "o :o pref]s vice & a vici\s life1 is 7because act+ 9 a mann] contr>y to virtue7 ,satanas1 t is1 an 8adv]s>y0 to ! ,son ( ,god1 :o is righte\sness1 & tru?1 & wisdom4#abeb ,) m propriety1 h[ev]1 is he call$ 8adv]s>y10 :o 0 ! fir/ among ^? t 7 liv+ a peaceful & happy life to lose 8 w+s1 & to fall f bless$ness2 he :o1 accord+ to ,ezekiel1 walk$ faultlessly 9 all 8 ways1 8until iniquity 0 f\nd 9 him10#abec & :o be+ ! 8seal ( resemblance0 & ! 8cr[n ( beauty0 9 ! p>adise ( ,god1 be+ fill$ z x 7 ) good ?+s1 fell into de/ruction1 9 accordance ) ! ^w :i* said to him 9 a my/ic s5se3 8,?\ ha/ fall5 into de/ruction1 & %alt n abide = ev]40#abed ,we h v5tur$ some:at ra%ly to make ^! few rem>ks1 al?\gh 9 s do+ we h add$ no?+ ( importance to ?is treatise4 ,if any "o1 h[ev]1 :o has leisure = ! exam9ation ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 %\ld collect toge!r f all s\rces & =m into "o body ( doctr9e :at is record$ conc]n+ ! orig9 ( evil1 & ! mann] ( its dissolution1 he w\ld see t ! views ( ,moses & ! prophets reg>d+ ,satan _h n be5 ev5 dream$ ( ei!r by ,celsus or any "o ( ^? ^: s\l _h be5 dragg$ d[n1 & torn away f ,god1 & f "r views ( ,him1 & f ,8 ^w1 by ?is wick$ demon4 ,footnote #abej3 ,cf4 ,prov4 xxiii4 #e4 ,footnote #abea3 ,cf4 #a ,tim4 ii4 #e4 ,footnote #abeb3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #cj4 ,footnote #abec3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xxviii4 #ae4 ,footnote #abed3 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xxviii4 #ai4 ,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,b s9ce ,celsus rejects ! /atem5ts conc]n+ ,anti*ri/1 z x is t]m$1 hav+ nei!r read :at is said ( him 9 ! book ( ,daniel#abee nor 9 ! writ+s ( ,paul1#abef nor :at ! ,savi\r 9 ! ,gospels#abeg has pr$ict$ ab\t 8 com+1 we mu/ make a few rem>ks ^u ?is subject also2 because1 8z faces d n resemble faces10#abeh s also nei!r d m5's 8he>ts0 resemble "o ano!r4 ,x is c]ta91 !n1 t !re w be div]sities among/ ! he>ts ( m51--^? :i* are incl9$ to virtue n be+ all modell$ & %ap$ t[>ds x 9 ! same or l degree2 :ile o!rs1 ?r\gh neglect ( virtue1 ru% to ! opposite extreme4 ,& among/ ! latt] are "s 9 :om evil is deeply engra9$1 & o!rs 9 :om x is less deeply root$4 ,:]e is ! absurdity1 !n1 9 hold+ t !re exi/ among m51 s to speak1 two extremes1#abei--! "o ( virtue1 & ! o!r ( its opposite2 s t ! p]fection ( virtue dwells 9 ! man :o realizes ! ideal giv5 9 ,jesus1 f :om !re fl[$ to ! human race s great a conv]sion1 & heal+1 & amelioration1 :ile ! opposite extreme is 9 ! man :o embodies ! notion ( him t is nam$ ,anti*ri/8 ,= ,god1 compreh5d+ all ?+s by means ( ,8 =ekn[l$ge1 & =esee+ :at consequ5ces w\ld result f bo? ( ^!1 wi%$ to make ^! kn[n to mank9d by ,8 prophets1 t ^? :o und]/& _! words might be famili>iz$ ) ! good1 & be on _! gu>d aga9/ its opposite4 ,x 0 prop]1 moreov]1 t ! "o ( ^! extremes1 & ! be/ ( ! two1 %\ld be /yl$ ! ,son ( ,god1 on acc\nt ( ,8 pre-em95ce2 & ! o!r1 :o is diametrically opposite1 be t]m$ ! son ( ! wick$ demon1 & ( ,satan1 & ( ! devil4 ,&1 9 ! next place1 s9ce evil is specially *>act]iz$ by its diffusion1 & atta9s its greate/ height :5 x simulates ! appe>ance ( ! good1 = t reason are signs1 & m>vels1 & ly+ miracles f\nd to accompany evil1 ?r\gh ! co-op]ation ( its fa!r ! devil4 ,=1 f> surpass+ ! help :i* ^! demons give to juggl]s 7:o deceive m5 = ! base/ ( purposes71 is ! aid :i* ! devil himself af=ds 9 ord] to deceive ! human race4 ,paul1 inde$1 speaks ( him :o is call$ ,anti*ri/1 describ+1 ?\gh ) a c]ta9 res]ve1#abfj bo? ! mann]1 & "t1 & cause ( 8 com+ to ! human race4 ,& notice :e!r 8 language on ?is subject is n mo/ becom+1 & undes]v+ ( be+ treat$ ) ev5 ! slighte/ degree ( ridicule4 ,footnote #abee3 ,cf4 ,dan4 viii4 #bc4 ,footnote #abef3 ,cf4 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #c1 #d4 ,footnote #abeg3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #d4 ,footnote #abeh3 ,cf4 ,prov4 xxvii4 #ai4 ,footnote #abei3 4 ,footnote #abfj3 4 ,cf4 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #i4 ,*apt] ,,xlvi4 ,x is ?us t ! apo/le expresses himself3 8,we besee* y1 bre?r51 by ! com+ ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & by our ga!r+ toge!r unto ,him1 t ye be n soon %ak5 9 m9d1 or be tr\bl$1 nei!r by ^w1 nor by _s1 nor by lett] z f u1 z t ! day ( ! ,"l is at h&4 ,let no man deceive y by any means3 = t day %all n come1 except !re come a fall+ away fir/1 & t man ( s9 be reveal$1 ! son ( p]dition2 :o oppose? & exalte? himself above all t is call$ ,god1 or t is wor%ipp$2 s t he sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 %[+ himself t he is ,god4 ,rememb] ye n1 t1 :5 ,i 0 yet ) y1 ,i told y ^! ?+s8 ,& n[ ye "k :at )holde?1 t he might be reveal$ 9 8 "t4 ,= ! my/]y ( iniquity do? already "w3 only ,he :o n[ lette? w let1 until he be tak5 out ( ! way4 ,& !n %all t ,wick$ be reveal$1 :om ! ,"l %all consume ) ! _s ( ,8 m\?1 & %all de/roy ) ! brightness ( ,8 com+3 ev5 him1 ^: com+ is aft] ! work+ ( ,satan1 ) all p[]1 & signs1 & ly+ wond]s1 & ) all deceivabl5ess ( unrighte\sness 9 !m t p]i%2 because !y receiv$ n ! love ( ! tru?1 t !y might be sav$4 ,& = ?is cause ,god %all s5d !m /rong delusion1 t !y %\ld believe a lie2 t !y all might be damn$ :o believ$ n ! tru?1 b _h pleasure 9 unrighte\sness40#abfa ,to expla9 ea* p>ticul> "h ref]r$ to does n belong to our pres5t purpose4 ,! prophecy also reg>d+ ,anti*ri/ is /at$ 9 ! book ( ,daniel1 & is fitt$ to make an intellig5t & c&id read] admire ! words z truly div9e & prophetic2 = 9 !m are m5tion$ ! ?+s relat+ to ! com+ k+dom1 beg9n+ ) ! times ( ,daniel1 & cont9u+ to ! de/ruction ( ! _w4 ,& any "o :o *ooses may read x4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 :e!r ! prophecy reg>d+ ,anti*ri/ be n z foll[s3 8,& at ! latt] "t ( _! k+dom1 :5 _! s9s are com+ to ! full1 !re %all arise a k+1 bold 9 c\nt5ance1 & und]/&+ riddles4 ,& 8 p[] %all be great1 & he %all de/roy wond]fully1 & prosp]1 & practise2 & %all de/roy mighty m51 & ! holy p4 ,& ! yoke ( 8 *a9 %all prosp]3 !re is craft 9 8 h&1 & he %all magnify himself 9 8 he>t1 & by craft %all de/roy _m2 & he %all /& up = ! de/ruction ( _m1 & %all cru% !m z eggs 9 8 h&40#abfb ,:at is /at$ by ,paul 9 ! words quot$ f him1 :]e he says1 8s t he sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 %[+ himself t he is ,god10#abfc is 9 ,daniel ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ fa%ion3 8,& on ! temple %all be ! abom9ation ( desolations1 & at ! end ( ! "t an end %all be put to ! desolation40#abfd ,s _m1 out ( a great] numb] ( passages1 h ,i ?\ght x "r to adduce1 t ! he>] may und]/& 9 "s slight degree ! mean+ ( ,holy ,scripture1 :5 x gives u in=mation conc]n+ ! devil & ,anti*ri/2 & be+ satisfi$ ) :at we h quot$ = ?is purpose1 let u look at ano!r ( ! *>ges ( ,celsus1 & reply to x z we be/ may4 ,footnote #abfa3 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #a-ab4 ,footnote #abfb3 ,cf4 ,dan4 viii4 #bc-be 7,,lxx474 ,footnote #abfc3 ,cf4 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #d4 ,footnote #abfd3 ,cf4 ,dan4 ix4 #bg4 ,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,celsus1 aft] :at has be5 said1 goes on z foll[s3 8,i c tell h[ ! v ?+ occurr$1 viz4 t !y %\ld call him #8,son ( ,god4' ,m5 ( anci5t times t]m$ ?is _w1 z be+ born ( ,god1 bo? 8 *ild & 8 son4#abfe ,bo? ! "o & o!r #8,son ( ,god1' !n1 greatly resembl$ ea* o!r40 ,he is !re=e ( op9ion t we employ$ ! expression 8,son ( ,god10 hav+ p]v]t$#abff :at is said ( ! _w1 z be+ born ( ,god1 & be+ ,8 8,son10 & 8a ,god40 ,= he 0 unable s to consid] ! times ( ,moses & ! prophets1 z to see t ! ,jewi% prophets pr$ict$ g5]ally t !re 0 a 8,son ( ,god0 long be=e ! ,greeks & ^? m5 ( anci5t "t ( :om ,celsus speaks4 ,nay1 he w\ld n ev5 quote ! passage 9 ! lett]s ( ,plato1 to :i* we ref]r$ 9 ! prec$+ pages1 conc]n+ ,him :o s beautifully arrang$ ?is _w1 z be+ ! ,son ( ,god2 le/ he too %\ld be compell$ by ,plato1 :om he (t5 m5tions ) respect1 to admit t ! ar*itect ( ?is _w is ! ,son ( ,god1 & t ,8 ,fa!r is ! fir/ ,god & ,sov]eign ,rul] ov] all ?+s4 ,nor is x at all wond]ful if we ma9ta9 t ! s\l ( ,jesus is made "o ) s great a ,son ( ,god ?r\gh ! highe/ union ) ,him1 be+ no long] 9 a /ate ( sep>ation f ,him4 ,= ! sacr$ language ( ,holy ,scripture kn[s ( o!r ?+s also1 :i*1 al?\gh 8dual0 9 _! own nature1 are consid]$ to be1 & really are1 8"o0 9 respect to "o ano!r4 ,x is said ( husb& & wife1 8,!y are no long] twa91 b "o fle%20#abfg & ( ! p]fect man1 & ( him :o is jo9$ to ! true ,"l1 ,^w1 & ,wisdom1 & ,tru?1 t 8he :o is jo9$ to ! ,"l is "o _s40#abfh ,& if he :o 8is jo9$ to ! ,"l is "o _s10 :o has be5 jo9$ to ! ,"l1 ! ,v ,^w1 & ,wisdom1 & ,tru?1 & ,righte\sness1 9 a m intimate union1 or ev5 9 a mann] at all approa*+ to x ?an ! s\l ( ,jesus8 ,& if ?is be s1 !n ! s\l ( ,jesus & ,god ! ,^w--! fir/-born ( e creature--are no long] two1 b "o4 ,footnote #abfe3 4 ,footnote #abff3 4 ,footnote #abfg3 ,cf4 ,g54 ii4 #bd4 ,footnote #abfh3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 vi4 #ag4 ,*apt] ,,xlviii4 ,9 ! next place1 :5 ! philosoph]s ( ! ,por*1 :o ass]t t ! virtue ( ,god & man is ! same1 ma9ta9 t ! ,god :o is ov] all ?+s is n happi] ?an _! wise man1 b t ! happ9ess ( bo? is equal1 ,celsus nei!r ridicules nor sc(fs at _! op9ion4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,holy ,scripture says t ! p]fect man is jo9$ to & made "o ) ! ,v ,^w by means ( virtue1 s t we inf] t ! s\l ( ,jesus is n sep>at$ f ! fir/-born ( all creation1 he laughs at ,jesus be+ call$ 8,son ( ,god10 n obs]v+ :at is said ( ,him ) a secret & my/ical signification 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,b t we may w9 ov] to ! reception ( our views ^? :o are will+ to accept ! inf]5ces :i* fl[ f our doctr9es1 & to be b5efit$ !reby1 we say t ! ,holy ,scriptures decl>e ! body ( ,*ri/1 animat$ by ! ,son ( ,god1 to be ! :ole *ur* ( ,god1 & ! memb]s ( ?is body--consid]$ z a :ole--to consi/ ( ^? :o are believ]s2 s9ce1 z a s\l vivifies & moves ! body1 :i* ( itself has n ! natural p[] ( motion l a liv+ be+1 s ! ,^w1 ar\s+ & mov+ ! :ole body1 ! *ur*1 to befitt+ action1 awak5s1 moreov]1 ea* individual memb] belong+ to ! *ur*1 s t !y d no?+ ap>t f ! ,^w4 ,s9ce all ?is1 !n1 foll[s by a tra9 ( reason+ n to be depreciat$1 :]e is ! difficulty 9 ma9ta9+ t1 z ! s\l ( ,jesus is jo9$ 9 a p]fect & inconceivable mann] ) ! v ,^w1 s ! p]son ( ,jesus1 g5]ally speak+1#abfi is n sep>at$ f ! only-begott5 & fir/-born ( all creation1 & is n a diff]5t be+ f ,him8 ,b en\gh "h on ?is subject4 ,footnote #abfi3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,let u notice n[ :at foll[s1 :]e1 express+ 9 a s+le ^w 8 op9ion reg>d+ ! ,mosaic cosmogony1 )\t (f]+1 h[ev]1 a s+le argum5t 9 its support1 he f9ds fault ) x1 say+3 8,moreov]1 _! cosmogony is extremely silly40#abgj ,n[1 if he _h produc$ "s cr$ible pro(s ( its silly "*1 we %\ld h endeav\r$ to answ] !m2 b x does n appe> to me reasonable t ,i %\ld be call$ ^u to demon/rate1 9 answ] to 8 m]e ass]tion1 t x is n 8silly40 ,if any "o1 h[ev]1 wi%es to see ! reasons :i* l$ u to accept ! ,mosaic acc\nt1 & ! argum5ts by :i* x may be def5d$1 he may read :at we h writt5 ^u ,g5esis1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! book up to ! passage1 8,& ?is is ! book ( ! g5]ation ( m510#abga :]e we h tri$ to %[ f ! ,holy ,scriptures !mselves :at ! 8heav50 0 :i* 0 creat$ 9 ! beg9n+2 & :at ! 8e>?10 & ! 8invisible "p ( ! e>?10 & t :i* 0 8)\t =m20#abgb & :at ! 8deep0 01 & ! 8d>kness0 t 0 ^u x2 & :at ! 8wat]0 01 & ! 8,_s ( ,god0 :i* 0 8borne ov] x20 & :at ! 8light0 :i* 0 creat$1 & :at ! 8firmam5t10 z di/9ct f ! 8heav50 :i* 0 creat$ 9 ! beg9n+2 & s on ) ! o!r subjects t foll[4 ,celsus has also express$ 8 op9ion t ! n>rative ( ! creation ( man is 8exce$+ly silly10 )\t /at+ any pro(s1 or endeav\r+ to answ] our argum5ts2 = he _h no evid5ce1 9 my judgm5t1 :i* 0 fitt$ to ov]?r[ ! /atem5t t 8man has be5 made 9 ! image ( ,god40#abgc ,he does n ev5 und]/& ! mean+ ( ! 8,p>adise0 t 0 plant$ by ,god1 & ( ! life :i* man fir/ l$ 9 x2 & ( t :i* result$ f accid5t1#abgd :5 man 0 ca/ =? on acc\nt ( 8 s91 & 0 settl$ opposite ! ,p>adise ( delight4 ,n[1 z he ass]ts t ^! are silly /atem5ts1 let him turn 8 att5tion n m]ely to ea* "o ( !m 9 g5]al1 b to ?is 9 p>ticul>1 8,he plac$ ! *]ubim1 & ! flam+ sword1 :i* turn$ e way1 to keep ! way ( ! tree ( life10#abge & say :e!r ,moses wrote ^! words ) no s]i\s object 9 view1 b 9 ! _s ( ! writ]s ( ! old ,com$y1 :o h sportively relat$ t 8,prtus slew ,bell]ophon10 & t 8,pegasus came f ,arcadia40 ,n[ _! object 0 to create laught] 9 compos+ su* /ories2 :]eas x is incr$ible t he :o left beh9d him laws#abgf = a :ole nation1 reg>d+ :i* he wi%$ to p]suade 8 subjects t !y 7 giv5 by ,god1 %\ld h writt5 words s little to ! purpose1#abgg & h said )\t any mean+1 8,he plac$ ! *]ubim1 & ! flam+ sword1 :i* turn$ e way1 to keep ! way ( ! tree ( life10 or made any o!r /atem5t reg>d+ ! creation ( man1 :i* is ! subject ( philosophic inve/igation by ! ,hebrew sages4 ,footnote #abgj3 4 ,footnote #abga3 ,cf4 ,g54 v4 #a4 ,footnote #abgb3 4 ,footnote #abgc3 ,cf4 ,g54 i4 #bf4 ,footnote #abgd3 4 ,footnote #abge3 ,g54 iii4 #bd4 ,footnote #abgf3 4 ,footnote #abgg3 4 ,*apt] ,l4 ,9 ! next place1 ,celsus1 aft] heap+ toge!r1 simply z m]e ass]tions1 ! v>y+ op9ions ( "s ( ! anci5ts reg>d+ ! _w1 & ! orig9 ( man1 alleges t 8,moses & ! prophets1 :o h left to u our books1 n kn[+ at all :at ! nature ( ! _w is1 & ( man1 h wov5 toge!r a web ( %e] nons5se40#abgh ,if he _h %[n1 n[1 h[ x appe>$ to him t ! ,holy ,scriptures conta9$ 8%e] nons5se10 we %\ld h tri$ to demoli% ! argum5ts :i* appe>$ to him to e/abli% _! nons5sical "*2 b on ! pres5t occasion1 foll[+ 8 own example1 we also sportively give x z our op9ion t ,celsus1 kn[+ no?+ at all ab\t ! nature ( ! mean+ & language ( ! prophets1#abgi compos$ a "w :i* conta9$ 8%e] nons5se10 & boa/fully gave x ! title ( a 8true disc\rse40 ,& s9ce he makes ! /atem5ts ab\t ! 8days ( creation0 gr\nd ( accusation1--z if he und]/ood !m cle>ly & correctly1 "s ( :i* elaps$ be=e ! creation ( light & heav51 & sun1 & moon1 & />s1 & "s ( !m aft] ! creation ( ^!1--we %all only make ?is obs]vation1 t ,moses mu/ !n h =gott5 t he _h said a little be=e1 8t 9 six days ! creation ( ! _w _h be5 f9i%$10 & t 9 consequ5ce ( ?is act ( =getfulness he subjo9s to ^! words ! foll[+3 8,?is is ! book ( ! creation ( man1 9 ! day :5 ,god made ! heav5 & ! e>?60 ,b x is n 9 ! lea/ cr$ible1 t aft] :at he _h said respect+ ! six days1 ,moses %\ld imm$iately add1 )\t a special mean+1 ! words1 89 ! day t ,god made ! heav5s & ! e>?20 & if any "o ?9ks t ^! words may be ref]r$ to ! /atem5t1 8,9 ! beg9n+1 ,god made ! heav5 & ! e>?10 let him obs]ve t be=e ! words1 8,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light10 & ^!1 8,god call$ ! light day10 x has be5 /at$ t 89 ! beg9n+ ,god made ! heav5 & ! e>?40 ,footnote #abgh3 4 ,footnote #abgi3 1 4 ,*apt] ,,li4 ,on ! pres5t occasion1 h[ev]1 x is n our object to ent] into an explanation ( ! subject ( intellig5t & s5sible be+s1#abhj nor ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! diff]5t k9ds#abha ( days 7 allott$ to bo? sorts1 nor to inve/igate ! details :i* belong to ! subject1 = we %\ld ne$ :ole treatises = ! exposition ( ! ,mosaic cosmogony2 & t "w we _h already p]=m$1 to ! be/ ( our ability1 a consid]able "t be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ?is answ] to ,celsus1 :5 we discuss$ ) su* measure ( capacity z we !n possess$ ! "q ( ! ,mosaic cosmogony ( ! six days4 ,we mu/ keep 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ! ,^w promises to ! righte\s ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,isaiah1 t days w come#abhb :5 n ! sun1 b ! ,"l ,himself1 w be to !m an ev]la/+ light1 & ,god w be _! glory4#abhc ,& x is f misund]/&+1 ,i ?9k1 "s pe/il5t h]esy :i* gave an errone\s int]pretation to ! words1 8,let !re be light10 z if !y 7 ! expression ( a wi%#abhd m]ely on ! "p ( ! ,creator1 t ,celsus made ! rem>k3 8,! ,creator did n borr[ light f above1 l ^? p]sons :o k9dle _! lamps at ^? ( _! neighb\rs40 ,misund]/&+1 moreov]1 ano!r impi\s h]esy1 he has said3 8,if1 inde$1 !re did exi/ an accurs$ god oppos$ to ! great ,god1 :o did ?is contr>y to 8 approval1 :y did he l5d him ! light80 ,s f> are we f (f]+ a def5ce ( su* pu]ilities1 t we desire1 on ! contr>y1 di/9ctly to arraign ! /atem5ts ( ^! h]etics z errone\s1 & to und]take to refute1 n ^? ( _! op9ions ) :i* we are unacqua9t$1 z ,celsus does1 b ^? ( :i* we h atta9$ an accurate k1 d]iv$ 9 "p f ! /atem5ts ( _! own adh]5ts1 & p>tly f a c>eful p]usal ( _! writ+s4 ,footnote #abhj3 4 ,footnote #abha3 4 ,footnote #abhb3 4 ,footnote #abhc3 ,cf4 ,isa4 lx4 #ai4 ,footnote #abhd3 4 ,*apt] ,,lii4 ,celsus proce$s z foll[s3 8,) reg>d to ! orig9 ( ! _w & its de/ruction1 :e!r x is to be reg>d$ z uncreat$ & inde/ructible1 or z creat$ inde$1 b n de/ructible1 or ! rev]se1 ,i at pres5t say no?+40 ,= ?is reason we too say no?+ on ^! po9ts1 z ! "w 9 h& does n require x4 ,nor d we allege t ! ,_s ( ! univ]sal ,god m+l$ itself 9 ?+s "h bel[ z 9 ?+s ali5 to itself1#abhe z might appe> f ! expression1 8,! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! wat]20 nor d we ass]t t c]ta9 wick$ devices direct$ aga9/ ,8 ,_s1 z if by a diff]5t creator f ! great ,god1 & :i* 7 tol]at$ by ! ,supreme ,div9ity1 ne$$ to be completely fru/rat$4 ,&1 accord+ly1 ,i h no?+ fur!r to say to ^?#abhf :o utt] su* absurdities2 nor to ,celsus1 :o does n refute !m ) ability4 ,= he ought ei!r n to h m5tion$ su* matt]s at all1 or else1 9 keep+ ) t "* = philan?ropy :i* he assumes1 h c>efully set !m =?1 & !n endeav\r$ to rebut ^! impi\s ass]tions4 ,nor h we ev] he>d t ! great ,god1 aft] giv+ 8 _s to ! creator1 dem&s x back aga94 ,proce$+ next fooli%ly to assail ^! impi\s ass]tions1 he asks3 8,:at god gives any?+ ) ! int5tion ( dem&+ x back8 ,= x is ! m>k ( a ne$y p]son to dem& back :at he has giv51 :]eas ,god /&s 9 ne$ ( no?+40 ,to ?is he adds1 z if say+ some?+ clev] aga9/ c]ta9 p>ties3 8,:y1 :5 he l5t 8 _s1 0 he ignorant t he 0 l5d+ x to an evil be+80 ,he asks1 fur!r3 8,:y does he pass )\t notice#abhg a wick$ creator :o 0 c\nt]-work+ 8 purposes80 ,footnote #abhe3 4 ,footnote #abhf3 4 ,footnote #abhg3 4 ,*apt] ,,liii4 ,9 ! next place1 mix+ up toge!r v>i\s h]esies1 & n obs]v+ t "s /atem5ts are ! utt]ances ( "o h]etical sect1 & o!rs ( a diff]5t "o1 he br+s =w>d ! objections :i* we rais$ aga9/ ,m>cion4#abhh ,&1 probably1 hav+ he>d !m f "s paltry & ignorant individuals1#abhi he assails ! v argum5ts :i* combat !m1 b n 9 a way t %[s mu* intellig5ce4 ,quot+ !n our argum5ts aga9/ ,m>cion1 & n obs]v+ t x is aga9/ ,m>cion t he is speak+1 he asks3 8,:y does he s5d secretly1 & de/roy ! works :i* he has creat$8 ,:y does he secretly employ =ce1 & p]suasion1 & deceit8 ,:y does he allure ^? :o1 z ye ass]t1 h be5 condemn$ or accus$ by him1 & c>ry !m away l a slave-deal]8 ,:y does he tea* !m to /eal away f _! ,"l8 ,:y to flee f _! fa!r8 ,:y does he claim !m = himself aga9/ ! fa!r's w8 ,:y does he pr(ess to be ! fa!r ( /range *ildr580 ,to ^! que/ions he subjo9s ! foll[+ rem>k1 z if by way ( express+ 8 surprise3#abij 8,v5]able1 inde$1 is ! god :o desires to be ! fa!r ( ^? s9n]s :o are condemn$ by ano!r god1 & ( ! ne$y1#abia &1 z !mselves say1 ( ! v (fsc\r+s#abib ( m51 & :o is unable to capture & puni% 8 mess5g]1 :o escap$ f him60 ,aft] ?is1 z if address+ u :o ackn[l$ge t ?is _w is n ! "w ( a diff]5t & /range god1 he cont9ues 9 ! foll[+ /ra93 8,if ^! are 8 works1 h[ is x t ,god creat$ evil8 ,& h[ is x t he _c p]suade & admoni% m58 ,& h[ is x t he rep5ts on acc\nt ( ! +ratitude & wick$ness ( m58 ,he f9ds fault1 moreov]1 ) 8 own h&work1#abic & hates1 & ?reat5s1 & de/roys 8 own (fspr+8 ,:i!r c he transport !m out ( ?is _w1 :i* he himself has made80 ,n[ x does n appe> to me t by ^! rem>ks he makes cle> :at 8evil0 is2 & al?\gh !re h be5 among ! ,greeks _m sects :o diff] z to ! nature ( good & evil1 he ha/ily concludes1 z if x 7 a consequ5ce ( our ma9ta9+ t ?is _w also is a "w ( ! univ]sal ,god1 t 9 our judgm5t ,god is ! au?or ( evil4 ,let x be1 h[ev]1 reg>d+ evil z x may--:e!r creat$ by ,god or n--x nev]!less foll[s only z a result :5 y comp>e ! pr9cipal design4#abid ,& ,i am greatly surpris$ if ! inf]5ce reg>d+ ,god's au?or%ip ( evil1 :i* he ?9ks foll[s f our ma9ta9+ t ?is _w also is ! "w ( ! univ]sal ,god1 does n foll[ too f 8 own /atem5ts4 ,= "o might say to ,celsus3 8,if ^! are ,8 works1 h[ is x t ,god creat$ evil8 & h[ is x t ,he _c p]suade & admoni% m580 ,x is inde$ ! greate/ error 9 reason+ to accuse ^? :o are ( diff]5t op9ions ( hold+ uns\nd doctr9es1 :5 ! accus] himself is mu* m liable to ! same *>ge ) reg>d to 8 own4 ,footnote #abhh3 ,cf4 ,book v4 c4 #ed4 ,footnote #abhi3 ,! textual read+ is1 1 = :i* ,ruu reads1 1 :i* em5dation has be5 adopt$ 9 ! translation4 ,footnote #abij3 4 ,footnote #abia3 4 ,footnote #abib3 4 ,footnote #abic3 4 ,footnote #abid3 4 ,*apt] ,,liv4 ,let u see1 !n1 briefly :at ,holy ,scripture has to say reg>d+ good & evil1 & :at answ] we are to return to ! que/ions1 8,h[ is x t ,god creat$ evil80 &1 8,h[ is ,he incapable ( p]suad+ & admoni%+ m580 ,n[1 accord+ to ,holy ,scripture1 prop]ly speak+1 virtues & virtu\s actions are good1 z1 prop]ly speak+1 ! rev]se ( ^! are evil4 ,we %all be satisfi$ ) quot+ on ! pres5t occasion "s v]ses f ! #cd? ,psalm1 to ! foll[+ effect3 8,!y t seek ! ,"l %all n want any good ?+4 ,come1 ye *ildr51 he>k5 unto me2 ,i w tea* y ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,:at man is he t desire? life1 & love? _m days1 t he may see good8 ,keep ?y tongue f evil1 & ?y lips f speak+ guile4 ,dep>t f evil1 & d good40#abie ,n[1 ! injunctions to 8dep>t f evil1 & to d good10 d n ref] ei!r to corporeal evils or corporeal bless+s1 z !y are t]m$ by "s1 nor to ext]nal ?+s at all1 b to bless+s & evils ( a spiritual k9d2 s9ce he :o dep>ts f su* evils1 & p]=ms su* virtu\s actions1 w1 z "o :o desires ! true life1 come to ! enjoym5t ( x2 & z "o lov+ to see 8good days10 9 :i* ! ^w ( righte\sness w be ! ,sun1 he w see !m1 ,god tak+ him away f ?is 8pres5t evil _w10#abif & f ^? evil days conc]n+ :i* ,paul said3 8,r$eem+ ! "t1 because ! days are evil40#abig ,footnote #abie3 ,cf4 ,ps4 xxxiv4 #aj-ad4 ,footnote #abif3 ,cf4 ,gal4 i4 #d4 ,footnote #abig3 ,cf4 ,eph4 v4 #af4 ,*apt] ,,lv4 ,passages1 inde$1 might be f\nd :]e corporeal & ext]nal b5efits are improp]ly#abih call$ 8good10--^? ?+s1 viz41 :i* contribute to ! natural life1 :ile ^? :i* d ! rev]se are t]m$ 8evil40 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ,job says to 8 wife3 8,if we h receiv$ good at ! h& ( ! ,"l1 %all we n also receive evil80#abii ,s9ce1 !n1 !re is f\nd 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 9 a c]ta9 passage1 ?is /atem5t put into ! m\? ( ,god1 8,i make peace1 & create evil20#acjj & aga9 ano!r1 :]e x is said ( ,him t 8evil came d[n f ! ,"l to ! gate ( ,j]usalem1 ! noise ( *>iots & horsem510#acja--passages :i* h di/urb$ _m read]s ( ,scripture1 :o are unable to see :at ,scripture means by 8good0 & 8evil10--x is probable t ,celsus1 be+ p]plex$ !reby1 gave utt]ance to ! "q1 8,h[ is x t ,god creat$ evil80 or1 p]haps1 hav+ he>d "s "o discuss+ ! matt]s relat+ to x 9 an ignorant mann]1 he made ?is /atem5t :i* we h notic$4 ,we1 on ! o!r h&1 ma9ta9 t 8evil10 or 8wick$ness10 & ! actions :i* proce$ f x1 7 n creat$ by ,god4 ,= if ,god creat$ t :i* is really evil1 h[ 0 x possible t ! proclamation reg>d+ ! la/ judgm5t %\ld be confid5tly ann\nc$1#acjb :i* in=ms u t ! wick$ are to be puni%$ = _! evil de$s 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( _! wick$ness1 :ile ^? :o h liv$ a virtu\s life1 or p]=m$ virtu\s actions1 w be 9 ! enjoym5t ( bless$ness1 & w receive rew>ds f ,god8 ,i am well aw>e t ^? :o w\ld d>+ly ass]t t ^! evils 7 creat$ by ,god w quote c]ta9 expressions ( ,scripture 9 _! support1 because we are n able to %[ "o consi/5t s]ies#acjc ( passages2 = al?\gh ,scripture g5]ally blames ! wick$ & approves ( ! righte\s1 x nev]!less conta9s "s /atem5ts :i*1 al?\gh comp>atively#acjd few 9 numb]1 seem to di/urb ! m9ds ( ignorant read]s ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,i h n1 h[ev]1 deem$ x appropriate to my pres5t treatise to quote on ! pres5t occasion ^? discordant /atem5ts1 :i* are _m 9 numb]1#acje & _! explanations1 :i* w\ld require a long array ( pro(s4 ,evils1 !n1 if ^? be meant :i* are prop]ly s call$1 7 n creat$ by ,god2 b "s1 al?\gh few 9 comp>ison ) ! ord] ( ! :ole _w1 h result$ f ,8 pr9cipal works1 z !re foll[ f ! *ief works ( ! c>p5t] su* ?+s z spiral %av+s & sawdu/1#acjf or z ar*itects might appe> to be ! cause ( ! rubbi%#acjg :i* lies ar\nd _! build+s 9 ! =m ( ! fil? :i* drops f ! /ones & ! pla/]4 ,footnote #abih3 4 ,footnote #abii3 ,cf4 ,job ii4 #aj4 ,footnote #acjj3 ,cf4 ,isa4 xlv4 #g4 ,footnote #acja3 ,cf4 ,mic4 i4 #ab1 #ac4 ,! r5d]+ ( ! ,heb4 9 ! fir/ clause ( ! ?irte5? v]se is diff]5t f t ( ! ,,lxx4 ,footnote #acjb3 4 ,footnote #acjc3 4 ,footnote #acjd3 mu/ be tak5 comp>atively1 on acc\nt ( ! t foll[s aft]w>ds4 ,footnote #acje3 4 ,see note #c4 ,footnote #acjf3 4 ,footnote #acjg3 4 ,*apt] ,,lvi4 ,if we speak1 h[ev]1 ( :at are call$ 8corporeal0 & 8ext]nal0 evils1--:i* are improp]ly s t]m$1--!n x may be grant$ t !re are occasions :5 "s ( ^! h be5 call$ into exi/5ce by ,god1 9 ord] t by _! means ! conv]sion ( c]ta9 individuals might be effect$4 ,& :at absurdity w\ld foll[ f su* a c\rse8 ,= z1 if we %\ld he> ^? suff]+s#acjh improp]ly t]m$ 8evils0 :i* are inflict$ by fa!rs1 & in/ructors1 & p$agogues ^u ^? :o are "u _! c>e1 or ^u pati5ts :o are op]at$ ^u or caut]iz$ by ! surgeons 9 ord] to effect a cure1 we 7 to say t a fa!r 0 ill-treat+ 8 son1 or p$agogues & in/ructors _! pupils1 or physicians _! pati5ts1 no blame w\ld be laid ^u ! op]ators or *a/is]s2 s1 9 ! same way1 if ,god is said to br+ ^u m5 su* evils = ! conv]sion & cure ( ^? :o ne$ ?is discipl9e1 !re w\ld be no absurdity 9 ! view1 nor w\ld 8evils come d[n f ! ,"l ^u ! gates ( ,j]usalem10#acji--:i* evils consi/ ( ! puni%m5ts inflict$ ^u ! ,israelites by _! enemies ) a view to _! conv]sion2 nor w\ld "o visit 8) a rod ! transgressions ( ^? :o =sake ! law ( ! ,"l1 & _! iniquities ) /ripes20#acaj nor c\ld x be said1 8,?\ ha/ coals ( fire to set ^u !m2 !y %all be to !e a help40#acaa ,9 ! same way also we expla9 ! expressions1 8,i1 :o make peace1 & create evil20#acab = ,he calls into exi/5ce 8corporeal0 or 8ext]nal0 evils1 :ile purify+ & tra9+ ^? :o w\ld n be discipl9$ by ! ^w & s\nd doctr9e4 ,?is1 !n1 is our answ] to ! "q1 8,h[ is x t ,god creat$ evil80 ,footnote #acjh3 4 ,footnote #acji3 ,cf4 ,mic4 i4 #ab4 ,footnote #acaj3 ,cf4 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #cb4 ,footnote #acaa3 ,cf4 ,isa4 xlvii4 #ad1 #ae4 ,footnote #acab3 ,cf4 ,isa4 xlv4 #g4 ,*apt] ,,lvii4 ,) respect to ! "q1 8,h[ is he incapable ( p]suad+ & admoni%+ m580 x has be5 already /at$ t1 if su* an objection 7 really a gr\nd ( *>ge1 !n ! objection ( ,celsus might be br\ght aga9/ ^? :o accept ! doctr9e ( provid5ce4 ,any "o might answ] ! *>ge t ,god is incapable ( admoni%+ m52 = ,he conveys ,8 admonitions ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,scripture1 & by means ( ^? p]sons :o1 ?r\gh ,god's graci\s appo9tm5t1 are ! in/ructors ( ,8 he>]s4 ,unless1 inde$1 "s peculi> mean+ be und]/ood to atta* to ! ^w 8admoni%10 z if x signifi$ bo? to p5etrate into ! m9d ( ! p]son admoni%$1 & to make him he> ! words ( 8#acac in/ructor1 :i* is contr>y to ! usual mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,to ! objection1 8,h[ is he incapable ( p]suad+80--:i* also might be br\ght aga9/ all :o believe 9 provid5ce1--we h to make ! foll[+ rem>ks4 ,s9ce ! expression 8to be p]suad$0 belongs to ^? words :i* are t]m$1 s to speak1 8reciprocal0#acad 7comp>e ! phrase 8to %ave a man10 :5 he makes an ef=t to submit himself to ! b>b]#acae71 !re is = ?is reason ne$$ n m]ely ! ef=t ( him :o p]suades1 b also ! submission1 s to speak1 :i* is to be yield$ to ! p]suad]1 or ! acceptance ( :at is said by him4 ,& !re=e x mu/ n be said t x is because ,god is incapable ( p]suad+ m5 t !y are n p]suad$1 b because !y w n accept ! fai?ful words ( ,god4 ,& if "o 7 to apply ?is expression to m5 :o are ! 8artific]s ( p]suasion10#acaf he w\ld n be wrong2 = x is possible = a man :o has ?or\ghly le>n$ ! pr9ciples ( rhetoric1 & :o employs !m prop]ly1 to d 8 utmo/ to p]suade1 & yet appe> to fail1 because he _c ov]come ! w ( him :o ought to yield to 8 p]suasive arts4 ,moreov]1 t p]suasion does n come f ,god1 al?\gh p]suasive words may be utt]$ by him1 is di/9ctly taught by ,paul1 :5 he says3 8,?is p]suasion come? n ( him t calle? y40#acag ,su* also is ! view indicat$ by ^! words3 8,if ye be will+ & ob$i5t1 ye %all eat ! good ( ! l&2 b if ye refuse & rebel1 a sword %all dev\r y40#acah ,= t "o may really desire :at is address$ to him by "o :o admoni%es1 & may become des]v+ ( ^? promises ( ,god :i* he he>s1 x is necess>y to secure ! w ( ! he>]1 & 8 incl9ation to :at is address$ to him4 ,& !re=e x appe>s to me1 t 9 ! book ( ,deut]onomy ! foll[+ words are utt]$ ) peculi> emphasis3 8,& n[1 ,o ,israel1 :at do? ! ,"l ?y ,god require ( !e1 b to fe> ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & to walk 9 all ,8 ways1 & to love ,him1 & to keep ,8 comm&m5ts80#acai ,footnote #acac3 4 ,footnote #acad3 4 ,footnote #acae3 1 4 ,footnote #acaf3 4 ,footnote #acag3 ,cf4 ,gal4 v4 #h4 ,footnote #acah3 ,cf4 ,isa4 i4 #ai1 #bj4 ,footnote #acai3 ,cf4 ,deut4 x4 #ab1 #ac4 ,*apt] ,,lviii4 ,!re is next to be answ]$ ! foll[+ qu]y3 8,& h[ is x t he rep5ts :5 m5 become ungrateful & wick$2 & f9ds fault ) 8 own h&work1 & hates1 & ?reat5s1 & de/roys 8 own (fspr+80 ,n[ ,celsus "h calumniates & falsifies :at is writt5 9 ! book ( ,g5esis to ! foll[+ effect3 8,& ! ,"l ,god1 see+ t ! wick$ness ( m5 ^u ! e>? 0 increas+1 & t e "o 9 8 he>t c>efully m$itat$ to d evil cont9ually1 0 griev$#acbj ,he _h made man ^u ! e>?4 ,& ,god m$itat$ 9 ,8 he>t1 & said1 ,i w de/roy man1 :om ,i h made1 f ! face ( ! e>?1 bo? man & bea/1 & creep+ ?+1 & f[l ( ! air1 because ,i am griev$#acba t ,i made !m20#acbb quot+ words :i* are n writt5 9 ,scripture1 z if !y convey$ ! mean+ ( :at 0 actually writt54 ,= !re is no m5tion 9 ^! words ( ! rep5tance ( ,god1 nor ( ,8 blam+ & hat+ ,8 own h&work4 ,& if !re is ! appe>ance ( ,god ?reat5+ ! cata/rophe ( ! deluge1 & ?us de/roy+ ,8 own *ildr5 9 x1 we h to answ] t1 z ! s\l ( man is immortal1 ! suppos$ ?reat5+ has = its object ! conv]sion ( ! he>]s1 :ile ! de/ruction ( m5 by ! flood is a purification ( ! e>?1 z c]ta9 among ! ,greek philosoph]s ( no mean repute h indicat$ by ! expression3 8,:5 ! gods purify ! e>?40#acbc ,& ) respect to ! transf]5ce to ,god ( ^? an?ropopa?ic phrases1 "s rem>ks h be5 already made by u 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,footnote #acbj3 1 9 all probability a corruption = 1 :i* ,hoes*el places 9 ! text1 & ,sp5c] 9 ! m>g9 ( 8 ed43 ,heb4 4 ,footnote #acba3 4 ,cf4 rem>k 9 note #b4 ,footnote #acbb3 ,cf4 ,g54 vi4 #e1 #f4 ,footnote #acbc3 ,cf4 ,plato 9 ,timo4 ,*apt] ,,lix4 ,celsus1 9 ! next place1 suspect+1 or p]haps see+ cle>ly en\gh1 ! answ] :i* might be return$ by ^? :o def5d ! de/ruction ( m5 by ! deluge1 cont9ues3 8,b if he does n de/roy 8 own (fspr+1 :i!r does he convey !m out ( ?is _w#acbd :i* he himself creat$80 ,to ?is we reply1 t ,god by no means removes out ( ! :ole _w1 consi/+ ( heav5 & e>?1 ^? :o suff]$ dea? by ! deluge1 b removes !m f a life 9 ! fle%1 &1 hav+ set !m free f _! bodies1 lib]ates !m at ! same "t f an exi/5ce ^u e>?1 :i* 9 _m p>ts ( ,scripture x is usual to call ! 8_w40 ,9 ! ,gospel accord+ to ,john especially1 we may frequ5tly f9d ! regions ( e>?#acbe t]m$ 8_w10 z 9 ! passage1 8,he 0 ! true light1 :i* light5e? e man t come? into ! #8_w2'0#acbf z also 9 ?is1 8,9 ! _w ye %all h tribulation2 b be ( good *e]1 ,i h ov]come ! _w40#acbg ,if1 !n1 we und]/& by 8remov+ out ( ! _w0 a transf]5ce f 8regions on e>?10 !re is no?+ absurd 9 ! expression4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! sy/em ( ?+s :i* consi/s ( heav5 & e>? be t]m$ 8_w10 !n ^? :o p]i%$ 9 ! deluge are by no means remov$ out ( ! s-call$ 8_w40 ,& yet1 inde$1 if we h reg>d to ! words1 8,look+ n at ! ?+s :i* are se51 b at ! ?+s :i* are n se520#acbh & also to ^!1 8,= ! invisible ?+s ( ,him f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made10#acbi--we might say t he :o dwells amid ! 8invisible0 ?+s1 & :at are call$ g5]ally 8?+s n se510 is gone out ( ! _w1 ! ,^w hav+ remov$ him h5ce1 & transport$ him to ! heav5ly regions1 9 ord] to behold all beautiful ?+s4 ,footnote #acbd3 4 ,footnote #acbe3 4 ,footnote #acbf3 ,cf4 ,john i4 #i4 ,footnote #acbg3 ,cf4 ,john xvi4 #cc4 ,footnote #acbh3 ,cf4 #b ,cor4 iv4 #ah4 ,footnote #acbi3 ,cf4 ,rom4 i4 #bj4 ,*apt] ,,lx4 ,b aft] ?is inve/igation ( 8 ass]tions1 z if 8 object 7 to swell 8 book by _m words1 he repeats1 9 diff]5t language1 ! same *>ges :i* we h exam9$ a little ago1 say+3 8,by f> ! mo/ silly ?+ is ! di/ribution ( ! creation ( ! _w ov] c]ta9 days1 be=e days exi/$3 =1 z ! heav5 0 n yet creat$1 nor ! f\ndation ( ! e>? yet laid1#accj nor ! sun yet revolv+1#acca h[ c\ld !re be days80 ,n[1 :at diff]5ce is !re betwe5 ^! words & ! foll[+3 8,moreov]1 tak+ & look+ at ^! ?+s f ! beg9n+1 w\ld x n be absurd 9 ! fir/ & greate/ ,god to issue ! comm&1 ,let ?is fir/ ?+ come into exi/5ce1 & ?is second ?+1 & ?is ?ird2 & aft] accompli%+ s mu* on ! fir/ day1 to d s mu* m aga9 on ! second1 & ?ird1 & f\r?1 & fif?1 & six?80 ,we answ]$ to ! be/ ( our ability ?is objection to ,god's 8comm&+ ?is fir/1 second1 & ?ird ?+ to be creat$10 :5 we quot$ ! words1 8,he said1 & x 0 done2 ,he comm&$1 & all ?+s /ood fa/20#accb rem>k+ t ! imm$iate#accc ,creator1 &1 z x 71 v ,mak]#accd ( ! _w 0 ! ,^w1 ! ,son ( ,god2 :ile ! ,fa!r ( ! ,^w1 by comm&+ ,8 own ,son--! ,^w--to create ! _w1 is prim>ily ,creator4 ,& ) reg>d to ! creation ( ! light ^u ! fir/ day1 & ( ! firmam5t ^u ! second1 & ( ! ga!r+ toge!r ( ! wat]s t are "u ! heav5 into _! sev]al res]voirs#acce on ! ?ird 7! e>? ?us caus+ to spr\t =? ^? fruits :i* are "u ! control ( nature alone#accf71 & ( ! great lights & />s ^u ! f\r?1 & ( aquatic#accg animals ^u ! fif?1 & ( l& animals & man ^u ! six?1 we h treat$ to ! be/ ( our ability 9 our notes ^u ,g5esis1 z well z 9 ! =ego+ pages1 :5 we f\nd fault ) ^? :o1 tak+ ! words 9 _! app>5t signification1 said t ! "t ( six days 0 occupi$ 9 ! creation ( ! _w1 & quot$ ! words3 8,^! are ! g5]ations ( ! heav5s & ( ! e>? :5 !y 7 creat$1 9 ! day t ! ,"l ,god made ! e>? & ! heav5s40#acch ,footnote #accj3 4 ,footnote #acca3 4 ,footnote #accb3 ,cf4 ,ps4 xxxiii4 #i4 ,footnote #accc3 4 ,footnote #accd3 4 ,footnote #acce3 4 ,footnote #accf3 4 ,footnote #accg3 4 ,footnote #acch3 ,cf4 ,g54 ii4 #d4 ,*apt] ,,lxi4 ,aga91 n und]/&+ ! mean+ ( ! words1 8,& ,god end$ on ! six? day ,8 works :i* ,he _h made1 & ceas$#acci on ! sev5? day f all ,8 works :i* ,he _h made3 & ,god bless$ ! sev5? day1 & hall[$ x1 because on x ,he _h ceas$#acdj f all ,8 works :i* ,he _h begun to make20#acda & imag9+ ! expression1 8,he ceas$ on ! sev5? day10 to be ! same z ?is1 8,he re/$#acdb on ! sev5? day10 he makes ! rem>k3 8,aft] ?is1 inde$1 he is we>y1 l a v bad workman1 :o /&s 9 ne$ ( re/ to refre% himself60 ,= he kn[s no?+ ( ! day ( ! ,sabba? & re/ ( ,god1 :i* foll[s ! completion ( ! _w's creation1 & :i* la/s dur+ ! duration ( ! _w1 & 9 :i* all ^? w keep fe/ival ) ,god :o h done all _! works 9 _! six days1 & :o1 because !y h omitt$ none ( _! duties1#acdc w asc5d to ! contemplation ( cele/ial ?+s1 & to ! assembly ( righte\s & bless$ be+s4 ,9 ! next place1 z if ei!r ! ,scriptures made su* a /atem5t1 or z if we ourselves s spoke ( ,god z hav+ re/$ f fatigue1 he cont9ues3 8,x is n 9 keep+ ) ! fitness ( ?+s#acdd t ! fir/ ,god %\ld feel fatigue1 or "w ) ,8 h&s1#acde or give =? comm&s40 ,celsus says1 t 8x is n 9 keep+ ) ! fitness ( ?+s t ! fir/ ,god %\ld feel fatigue40 ,n[ we w\ld say t nei!r does ,god ! ,^w feel fatigue1 nor any ( ^? be+s :o belong to a bett] & div9] ord] ( ?+s1 because ! s5sation ( fatigue is peculi> to ^? :o are 9 ! body4 ,y c exam9e :e!r ?is is true ( ^? :o possess a body ( any k9d1 or ( ^? :o h an e>?ly body1 or "o a little bett] ?an ?is4 ,b 8nei!r is x consi/5t ) ! fitness ( ?+s t ! fir/ ,god %\ld "w ) ,8 own h&s40 ,if y und]/& ! words 8"w ) ,8 own h&s0 lit]ally1 !n nei!r are !y applicable to ! second ,god1 nor to any o!r be+ p>tak+ ( div9ity4 ,b suppose t !y are spok5 9 an improp] & figurative s5se1 s t we may translate ! foll[+ expressions1 8,& ! firmam5t %[e? =? ,8 h&ywork10#acdf & 8! heav5s are ! "w ( ,?y h&s10#acdg & any o!r simil> phrases1 9 a figurative mann]1 s f> z respects ! 8h&s0 & 8limbs0 ( ,deity1 :]e is ! absurdity 9 ! words1 8,god ?us work+ ) ,8 own h&s80 ,& z !re is no absurdity 9 ,god ?us work+1 s nei!r is !re 9 ,8 issu+ 8comm&s20 s t :at is done at ,8 bidd+ %\ld be beautiful & praisewor?y1 because x 0 ,god :o comm&$ x to be p]=m$4 ,footnote #acci3 4 ,footnote #acdj3 4 ,footnote #acda3 ,cf4 ,g54 ii4 #b1 #c4 ,footnote #acdb3 4 ,footnote #acdc3 4 ,footnote #acdd3 4 ,footnote #acde3 4 ,footnote #acdf3 ,cf4 ,ps4 xix4 #a4 ,footnote #acdg3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cii4 #be4 ,*apt] ,,lxii4 ,celsus1 aga91 hav+ p]haps misund]/ood ! words1 8,= ! m\? ( ! ,"l ha? spok5 x10#acdh or p]haps because "s ignorant individuals _h ra%ly v5tur$ ^u ! explanation ( su* ?+s1 & n und]/&+1 moreov]1 on :at pr9ciples p>ts call$ aft] ! names ( ! bodily memb]s are assign$ to ! attributes#acdi ( ,god1 ass]ts3 8,he has nei!r m\? nor voice40 ,truly1 inde$1 ,god c h no voice1 if ! voice is a concussion ( ! air1 or a /roke on ! air1 or a species ( air1 or any o!r def9ition :i* may be giv5 to ! voice by ^? :o are skill$ 9 su* matt]s2 b :at is call$ ! 8voice ( ,god0 is said to be se5 z 8,god's voice0 by ! p 9 ! passage1 8,& all ! p saw ! voice ( ,god20#acej ! ^w 8saw0 be+ tak51 agreeably to ! cu/om ( ,scripture1 9 a spiritual s5se4 ,moreov]1 he alleges t 8,god possesses no?+ else ( :i* we h any k20 b ( :at ?+s we h k he gives no indication4 ,if he means 8limbs10 we agree ) him1 und]/&+ ! ?+s 8( :i* we h k0 to be ^? call$ corporeal1 & pretty g5]ally s t]m$4 ,b if we are to und]/& ! words 8( :i* we h k0 9 a univ]sal s5se1 !n !re are _m ?+s ( :i* we h k1 & :i* may be attribut$ to ,god2 = ,he possesses virtue1 & bless$ness1 & div9ity4 ,if we1 h[ev]1 put a high] mean+ ^u ! words1 8( :i* we h k10 s9ce all t we "k is less ?an ,god1 !re is no absurdity 9 our also admitt+ t ,god possesses none ( ^? ?+s 8( :i* we h k40 ,= ! attributes :i* belong to ,god are f> sup]ior to all ?+s ) :i* n m]ely ! nature ( man is acqua9t$1 b ev5 t ( ^? :o h ris5 f> above x4 ,& if he _h read ! writ+s ( ! prophets1 ,david on ! "o h& say+1 8,b ,?\ art ! same10#acea & ,mala*i on ! o!r1 8,i am ! ,"l1 & *ange n10#aceb he w\ld h obs]v$ t none ( u ass]t t !re is any *ange 9 ,god1 ei!r 9 act or ?\ght4 ,= abid+ ! same1 ,he adm9i/]s mutable ?+s accord+ to _! nature1 & ,8 ^w elects to und]take _! adm9i/ration4 ,footnote #acdh3 ,cf4 ,isa4 i4 #bj4 ,footnote #acdi3 4 ,footnote #acej3 ,cf4 ,ex4 xx4 #ah 7,,lxx474 ,! ,masoretic text is diff]5t4 ,footnote #acea3 ,cf4 ,ps4 cii4 #bg4 ,footnote #aceb3 ,cf4 ,mal4 iii4 #f4 ,*apt] ,,lxiii4 ,celsus1 n obs]v+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 8aft] ! image ( ,god0 & 8,god's image10 next ass]ts t ! 8fir/-born ( e creature0 is ! image ( ,god1--! v ^w & tru?1 & also ! v wisdom1 be+ ! image ( ,8 goodness1 :ile man has be5 creat$ aft] ! image ( ,god2 moreov]1 t e man ^: head is ,*ri/ is ! image & glory ( ,god2--& fur!r1 n obs]v+ to :i* ( ! *>act]i/ics ( humanity ! expression 8aft] ! image ( ,god0 belongs1 & t x consi/s 9 a nature :i* nev] _h or no long] has 8! old man ) 8 de$s10 be+ call$ 8aft] ! image ( ,him :o creat$ x10 f its n possess+ ^! qualities1--he ma9ta9s3 8,nei!r did ,he make man ,8 image2 = ,god is n su* an "o1 nor l any o!r species ( visible be+40 ,is x possible to suppose t ! elem5t :i* is 8aft] ! image ( ,god0 %\ld exi/ 9 ! inf]ior "p--,i mean ! body--( a comp\nd be+ l man1 because ,celsus has expla9$ t to be made aft] ! image ( ,god8 ,= if t :i* is 8aft] ! image ( ,god0 be 9 ! body only1 ! bett] "p1 ! s\l1 has be5 depriv$ ( t :i* is 8aft] ,8 image10 & ?is di/9ction exi/s 9 ! corruptible body1--an ass]tion :i* is made by none ( u4 ,b if t :i* is 8aft] ! image ( ,god0 be 9 bo? toge!r1 !n ,god mu/ necess>ily be a comp\nd be+1 & consi/1 z x 71 ( s\l & body1 9 ord] t ! elem5t :i* is 8aft] ,god's image10 ! bett] "p1 may be 9 ! s\l2 :ile ! inf]ior "p1 & t :i* 8is accord+ to ! body10 may be 9 ! body1--an ass]tion1 aga91 :i* is made by none ( u4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 t t :i* is 8aft] ! image ( ,god0 mu/ be und]/ood to be 9 our 8inn] man10 :i* is also r5ew$1 & ^: nature x is to be 8aft] ! image ( ,him :o creat$ x10 :5 a man becomes 8p]fect10 z 8our ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect10 & he>s ! comm&1 8,be ye holy1 = ,i ! ,"l y\r ,god am holy10#acec & le>n+ ! precept1 8,be ye foll[]s ( ,god10#aced receives into 8 virtu\s s\l ! traits ( ,god's image4 ,! body1 moreov]1 ( him :o possesses su* a s\l is a temple ( ,god2 & 9 ! s\l ,god dwells1 because x has be5 made aft] ,8 image4#acee ,footnote #acec3 ,lev4 xi4 #dd4 ,footnote #aced3 ,cf4 ,eph4 v4 #a 774 ,footnote #acee3 ,! words z !y /& 9 ! text are probably corrupt3 we h adopt$ 9 ! translation ! em5dation ( ,guietus3 1 ' 1 4 ,*apt] ,,lxiv4 ,celsus1 aga91 br+s toge!r a numb] ( /atem5ts1 :i* he gives z admissions on our "p1 b :i* no intellig5t ,*ri/ian w\ld all[4 ,= n "o ( u ass]ts t 8,god p>takes ( =m or col\r40 ,nor does ,he ev5 p>take ( 8motion10 because ,he /&s firm1 & ,8 nature is p]man5t1 & ,he invites ! righte\s man also to d ! same1 say+3 8,b z = !e1 /& ?\ "h by me40#acef ,& if c]ta9 expressions indicate a k9d ( motion1 z x 71 on 8 "p1 su* z ?is1 8,!y he>d ! voice ( ! ,"l ,god walk+ 9 ! g>d5 9 ! cool ( ! day10#aceg we mu/ und]/& !m 9 ?is way1 t x is by s9n]s t ,god is und]/ood z mov+1 or z we und]/& ! 8sleep0 ( ,god1 :i* is tak5 9 a figurative s5se1 or ,8 8ang]10 or any o!r simil> attribute4 ,b 8,god does n p>take ev5 ( sub/ance40#aceh ,= ,he is p>tak5 ( by o!rs r ?an t ,himself p>takes ( !m1 & ,he is p>tak5 ( by ^? :o h ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,our ,savi\r1 also1 does n p>take ( righte\sness2 b be+ ,himself 8righte\sness10 ,he is p>tak5 ( by ! righte\s4 ,a discussion ab\t 8sub/ance0 w\ld be protract$ & difficult1 & especially if x 7 a "q :e!r t :i* is p]man5t & immat]ial be 8sub/ance0 prop]ly s call$1 s t x w\ld be f\nd t ,god is beyond 8sub/ance10 communicat+ ( ,8 8sub/ance10 by means ( (fice & p[]1#acei to ^? to :om ,he communicates ,himself by ,8 ,^w1 z ,he does to ! ,^w ,himself2 or ev5 if ,he is 8sub/ance10 yet ,he is said to be 9 ,8 nature 8invisible10 9 ^! words respect+ our ,savi\r1 :o is said to be 8! image ( ! invisible ,god10#acfj :ile f ! t]m 8invisible0 x is indicat$ t ,he is 8immat]ial40 ,x is also a "q = inve/igation1 :e!r ! 8only-begott50 & 8fir/-born ( e creature0 is to be call$ 8sub/ance ( sub/ances10 & 8idea ( ideas10 & ! 8pr9ciple ( all ?+s10 :ile above all !re is ,8 ,fa!r & ,god4 ,footnote #acef3 ,deut4 v4 #ca4 ,footnote #aceg3 ,cf4 ,g54 iii4 #h4 ,footnote #aceh3 4 ,footnote #acei3 4 ,footnote #acfj3 ,cf4 ,col4 i4 #ae4 ,*apt] ,,lxv4 ,celsus proce$s to say ( ,god t 8( ,him are all ?+s10 ab&on+ 9 s speak+1 ,i "k n h[1 all 8 pr9ciples2#acfa :ile our ,paul decl>es1 t 8( ,him1 & ?r\gh ,him1 & to ,him are all ?+s10#acfb %[+ t ,he is ! beg9n+ ( ! sub/ance ( all ?+s by ! words 8( ,him10 & ! bond ( _! subsi/5ce by ! expression 8?r\gh ,him10 & _! f9al end by ! t]ms 8to ,him40 ,( a tru?1 ,god is ( no?+4 ,b :5 ,celsus adds1 t 8,he is n to be rea*$ by ^w10#acfc ,i make a di/9ction1 & say t if he means ! ^w t is 9 u--:e!r ! ^w conceiv$ 9 ! m9d1 or ! ^w t is utt]$#acfd--;,i1 too1 admit t ,god is n to be rea*$ by ^w4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we att5d to ! passage1 8,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0 ) ,god1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god10#acfe we are ( op9ion t ,god is to be rea*$ by ?is ,^w1 & is compreh5d$ n by ,him only1 b by any "o :atev] to :om ,he may reveal ! ,fa!r2 & ?us we %all prove ! falsity ( ! ass]tion ( ,celsus1 :5 he says1 8,nei!r is ,god to be rea*$ by ^w40 ,! /atem5t1 moreov]1 t 8,he _c be express$ by "n10 requires to be tak5 ) a di/9ction4 ,if he means1 inde$1 t !re is no ^w or sign#acff t c repres5t ! attributes ( ,god1 ! /atem5t is true1 s9ce !re are _m qualities :i* _c be indicat$ by words4 ,:o1 = example1 c\ld describe 9 words ! diff]5ce betwixt ! quality ( sweetness 9 a palm & t 9 a fig8 ,& :o c\ld di/+ui% & set =? 9 words ! peculi> qualities ( ea* individual ?+8 ,x is no wond]1 !n1 if 9 ?is way ,god _c be describ$ by "n4 ,b if y take ! phrase to mean t x is possible to repres5t by words some?+ ( ,god's attributes1 9 ord] to lead ! he>] by ! h&1#acfg z x 71 & s enable him to compreh5d some?+ ( ,god1 s f> z atta9able by human nature1 !n !re is no absurdity 9 say+ t 8,he c be describ$ by "n40 ,& we make a simil> di/9ction ) reg>d to ! expression1 8= ,he has und]gone no suff]+ t c be convey$ by words40 ,x is true t ! ,deity is beyond all suff]+4 ,& s mu* on ?is po9t4 ,footnote #acfa3 ,= ,boh]ellus conjectures 1 & translates1 8,propria ipse pr9cipia1 qu sunt ,epicuri1 subru5s40 ,footnote #acfb3 ,rom4 xi4 #cf4 ,footnote #acfc3 4 ,footnote #acfd3 4 ,footnote #acfe3 ,john i4 #a4 ,footnote #acff3 4 ,footnote #acfg3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxvi4 ,let u look also at 8 next /atem5t1 9 :i* he introduces1 z x 71 a c]ta9 p]son1 :o1 aft] he>+ :at has be5 said1 expresses himself 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 8,h[1 !n1 %all ,i "k ,god8 & h[ %all ,i le>n ! way t leads to ,him8 ,& h[ w y %[ ,him to me8 ,because n[1 inde$1 y ?r[ d>kness be=e my eyes1 & ,i see no?+ di/9ctly40 ,he !n answ]s1 z x 71 ! individual :o is ?us p]plex$1 & ?9ks t he assigns ! reason :y d>kness has be5 p\r$ ^u ! eyes ( him :o utt]$ ! =ego+ words1 :5 he ass]ts t 8^? :om "o w\ld lead =? out ( d>kness into ! brightness ( light1 be+ unable to )/& its spl5d\rs1 h _! p[] ( vision affect$#acfh & injur$1 & s imag9e t !y are smitt5 ) bl9dness40 ,9 answ] to ?is1 we w\ld say t all ^? inde$ sit 9 d>kness1 & are root$ 9 x1 :o fix _! gaze ^u ! evil h&iwork ( pa9t]s1 & m\ld]s & sculptors1 & :o w n look upw>ds1 & asc5d 9 ?\ght f all visible & s5sible ?+s1 to ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 :o is light2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 e "o is 9 light :o has foll[$ ! radiance ( ! ,^w1 :o has %[n 9 consequ5ce ( :at ignorance1 & impiety1 & want ( k ( div9e ?+s ^! objects 7 wor%ipp$ in/ead ( ,god1 & :o has conduct$ ! s\l ( him :o desires to be sav$ t[>ds ! uncreat$ ,god1 :o is ov] all4 ,= 8! p t sat 9 d>kness--! ,g5tiles--saw a great light1 & to !m :o sat 9 ! region & %ad[ ( dea? light is sprung up10#acfi--! ,god ,jesus4 ,no ,*ri/ian1 !n1 w\ld give ,celsus1 or any accus] ( ! div9e ,^w1 ! answ]1 8,h[ %all ,i "k ,god80 = ea* "o ( !m kn[s ,god accord+ to 8 capacity4 ,& no "o asks1 8,h[ %all ,i le>n ! way :i* leads to ,him80 because he has he>d ,him :o says1 8,i am ! way1 & ! tru?1 & ! life10#acgj & has ta/$1 9 ! c\rse ( ! j\rney1 ! happ9ess :i* results f x4 ,& n a s+le ,*ri/ian w\ld say to ,celsus1 8,h[ w y %[ me ,god80 ,footnote #acfh3 4 ,footnote #acfi3 ,cf4 ,matt4 iv4 #af & ,isa4 ix4 #b4 ,footnote #acgj3 ,john xiv4 #f4 ,*apt] ,,lxvii4 ,! rem>k1 inde$1 0 true :i* ,celsus made1 t any "o1 on he>+ 8 words1 w\ld answ]1 see+ t 8 words are words ( d>kness1 8,y p\r d>kness be=e my eyes40 ,celsus v]ily1 & ^? l him1 d desire to p\r d>kness be=e our eyes3 we1 h[ev]1 by means ( ! light ( ! ,^w1 disp]se ! d>kness ( _! impi\s op9ions4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 inde$1 c\ld retort on ,celsus1 :o says no?+ t is di/9ct or true1 8,i see no?+ t is di/9ct among all y\r /atem5ts40 ,x is n1 !re=e1 8out ( d>kness0 into 8! brightness ( light0 t ,celsus leads u =?3 he wi%es1 on ! contr>y1 to transport u f light into d>kness1 mak+ ! d>kness light & ! light d>kness1 & expos+ himself to ! woe well describ$ by ! prophet ,isaiah 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 8,woe unto !m t put d>kness = light1 & light = d>kness40#acga ,b we1 ! eyes ( ^: s\l h be5 op5$ by ! ,^w1 & :o see ! diff]5ce betwe5 light & d>kness1 pref] by all means to take our /& 89 ! light10 & w h no?+ to d ) d>kness at all4 ,! true light1 moreov]1 be+ endu$ ) life1 kn[s to :om 8 full spl5d\rs are to be manife/$1 & to :om 8 light2 = he does n display 8 brilliancy on acc\nt ( ! /ill exi/+ weakness 9 ! eyes ( ! recipi5t4 ,& if we mu/ speak at all ( 8sight be+ affect$ & injur$10 :at o!r eyes %all we say are 9 ?is condition1 ?an 8 :o is involv$ 9 ignorance ( ,god1 & :o is prev5t$ by 8 passions f see+ ! tru?8 ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 by no means consid] t !y are bl9d$ by ! words ( ,celsus1 or any o!r :o is oppos$ to ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,b let ^? :o p]ceive t !y are bl9d$ by foll[+ multitudes :o are 9 error1 & tribes ( ^? :o keep fe/ivals to demons1 draw ne> to ! ,^w1 :o c be/[ ! gift ( sight1#acgb 9 ord] t1 l ^? poor & bl9d :o _h ?r[n !mselves d[n by ! wayside1 & :o 7 heal$ by ,jesus because !y said to ,him1 8,son ( ,david1 h m]cy ^u me10 !y too may receive m]cy & recov] _! eyesight1#acgc fre% & beautiful1 z ! ,^w ( ,god c create x4 ,footnote #acga3 ,cf4 ,isa4 v4 #bj4 ,footnote #acgb3 4 ,footnote #acgc3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxviii4 ,accord+ly1 if ,celsus 7 to ask u h[ we ?9k we "k ,god1 & h[ we %all be sav$ by ,him1 we w\ld answ] t ! ,^w ( ,god1 :i* ent]$ into ^? :o seek ,him1 or :o accept ,him :5 ,he appe>s1 is able to make kn[n & to reveal ! ,fa!r1 :o 0 n se5 by any "o be=e ! appe>ance ( ! ,^w4 ,& :o else is able to save & conduct ! s\l ( man to ! ,god ( all ?+s1 save ,god ! ,^w1 :o1 8be+ 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god10 became fle% = ! sake ( ^? :o _h cleav$ to ! fle%1 & _h become z fle%1 t ,he might be receiv$ by ^? :o c\ld n behold ,him1 inasmu* z ,he 0 ! ,^w1 & 0 ) ,god1 & 0 ,god8 ,& disc\rs+ 9 human =m1#acgd & ann\nc+ ,himself z fle%1 ,he calls to ,himself ^? :o are fle%1 t ,he may 9 ! fir/ place cause !m to be trans=m$ accord+ to ! ,^w t 0 made fle%1 & aft]w>ds may lead !m upw>ds to behold ,him z ,he 0 be=e ,he became fle%2 s t !y1 receiv+ ! b5efit1 & asc5d+ f _! great introduction to ,him1 :i* 0 accord+ to ! fle%1 say1 8,ev5 if we h kn[n ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 yet h5ce=? "k we ,him no m40 ,!re=e ,he became fle%1 & hav+ become fle%1 8,he tab]nacl$ among u10 n dwell+ )\t u2 & aft] tab]nacl+ & dwell+ )9 u1 ,he did n cont9ue 9 ! =m 9 :i* ,he fir/ pres5t$ ,himself1 b caus$ u to asc5d to ! l(ty m\nta9 ( ,8 ^w1 & %[$ u ,8 own glori\s =m1 & ! spl5d\r ( ,8 g>m5ts2 & n ,8 own =m alone1 b t also ( ! spiritual law1 :i* is ,moses1 se5 9 glory along ) ,jesus4 ,he %[$ to u1 moreov]1 all prophecy1 :i* did n p]i% ev5 aft] ,8 inc>nation1 b 0 receiv$ up into heav51 & ^: symbol 0 ,elijah4 ,& he :o beheld ^! ?+s c\ld say1 8,we beheld ,8 glory1 ! glory z ( ! only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & tru?40#acge ,celsus1 !n1 has exhibit$ consid]able ignorance 9 ! imag9>y answ] to 8 "q :i* he puts into our m\?1 8,h[ we ?9k we c "k ,god8 & h[ we "k we %all be sav$ by ,him80 = our answ] is :at we h j /at$4 ,footnote #acgd3 4 ,footnote #acge3 ,cf4 ,john i4 #ad4 ,*apt] ,,lxix4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 ass]ts t ! answ] :i* we give is bas$ ^u a probable conjecture1#acgf admitt+ t he describes our answ] 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,s9ce ,god is great & difficult to see1#acgg ,he put ,8 own ,_s into a body t resembl$ ours1 & s5t x d[n to u1 t we might be enabl$ to he> ,him & become acqua9t$ ) ,him40 ,b ! ,god & ,fa!r ( all ?+s is n ! only be+ t is great 9 our judgm5t2 = ,he has imp>t$ a %>e ( ,himself & ,8 greatness to ,8 only-begott5 & fir/-born ( e creature1 9 ord] t ,he1 be+ ! image ( ! invisible ,god1 might pres]ve1 ev5 9 ,8 greatness1 ! image ( ! ,fa!r4 ,= x 0 n possible t !re c\ld exi/ a well-proportion$1#acgh s to speak1 & beautiful image ( ! invisible ,god1 :i* did n at ! same "t pres]ve ! image ( ,8 greatness4 ,god1 moreov]1 is 9 our judgm5t invisible1 because ,he is n a body1 :ile ,he c be se5 by ^? :o see ) ! he>t1 t is1 ! und]/&+2 n inde$ ) any k9d ( he>t1 b ) "o :i* is pure4 ,= x is inconsi/5t ) ! fitness ( ?+s t a pollut$ he>t %\ld look ^u ,god2 = t mu/ be itself pure :i* w\ld wor?ily behold t :i* is pure4 ,let x be grant$1 inde$1 t ,god is 8difficult to see10 yet ,he is n ! only be+ :o is s2 = ,8 ,only-begott5 also is 8difficult to see40 ,= ,god ! ,^w is 8difficult to see10 & s also is ,8#acgi wisdom1 by :i* ,god creat$ all ?+s4 ,= :o is capable ( see+ ! wisdom :i* is display$ 9 ea* individual "p ( ! :ole sy/em ( ?+s1 & by :i* ,god creat$ e individual ?+8 ,x 0 n1 !n1 because ,god 0 8difficult to see0 t ,he s5t ,god ,8 ,son to be an object 8easy to be se540#achj ,& because ,celsus does n und]/& ?is1 he has repres5t$ u z say+1 8,because ,god 0 #8difficult to see1' ,he put ,8 own ,_s 9 a body resembl+ ours1 & s5t x d[n to u1 t we might be enabl$ to he> ,him & become acqua9t$ ) ,him40 ,n[1 z we h /at$1 ! ,son also is 8difficult to see10 because ,he is ,god ! ,^w1 ?r\gh :om all ?+s 7 made1 & :o 8tab]nacl$ among/ u40 ,footnote #acgf3 4 ,footnote #acgg3 4 ,footnote #acgh3 4 ,footnote #acgi3 ,= we h adopt$ ! conjecture ( ,guietus1 4 ,footnote #achj3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxx4 ,if ,celsus1 inde$1 _h und]/ood our tea*+ reg>d+ ! ,_s ( ,god1 & _h kn[n t 8z _m z are l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 ^! are ! sons ( ,god10#acha he w\ld n h return$ to himself ! answ] :i* he repres5ts z com+ f u1 t 8,god put ,8 own ,_s into a body1 & s5t x d[n to u20 = ,god is p]petually be/[+ ( ,8 own ,_s to ^? :o are capable ( receiv+ x1 al?\gh x is n by way ( division & sep>ation t ,he dwells 9 ! he>ts ( ! des]v+4 ,nor is ! ,_s1 9 our op9ion1 a 8body10 any m ?an fire is a 8body10 :i* ,god is said to be 9 ! passage1 8,our ,god is a consum+ fire40#achb ,= all ^! are figurative expressions1 employ$ to d5ote ! nature ( 8intellig5t be+s0 by means ( famili> & corporeal t]ms4 ,9 ! same way1 too1 if s9s are call$ 8wood1 & /raw1 & /ubble10 we %all n ma9ta9 t s9s are corporeal2 & if bless+s are t]m$ 8gold1 & silv]1 & preci\s /ones10#achc we %all n ma9ta9 t bless+s are 8corporeal20 s also1 if ,god be said to be a fire t consumes wood1 & /raw1 & /ubble1 & all sub/ance#achd ( s91 we %all n und]/& ,him to be a 8body10 s nei!r d we und]/& ,him to be a body if ,he %\ld be call$ 8fire40 ,9 ?is way1 if ,god be call$ 8_s10#ache we d n mean t ,he is a 8body40 ,= x is ! cu/om ( ,scripture to give to 8intellig5t be+s0 ! names ( 8spirits0 & 8spiritual ?+s10 by way ( di/9ction f ^? :i* are ! objects ( 8s5se20 z :5 ,paul says1 8,b our suffici5cy is ( ,god1 :o ha? also made u able m9i/]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 n ( ! lett]1 b ( ! _s2 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life10#achf :]e by ! 8lett]0 he means t 8exposition ( ,scripture :i* is app>5t to ! s5ses10#achg :ile by ! 8_s0 t :i* is ! object ( ! 8und]/&+40 ,x is ! same1 too1 ) ! expression1 8,god is a ,_s40 ,& because ! prescriptions ( ! law 7 obey$ bo? by ,sam>itans & ,jews 9 a corporeal & lit]al#achh mann]1 our ,savi\r said to ! ,sam>itan woman1 8,! h\r is com+1 :5 nei!r 9 ,j]usalem1 nor 9 ?is m\nta91 %all ye wor%ip ! ,fa!r4 ,god is a ,_s1 & !y t wor%ip ,him mu/ wor%ip ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?40#achi ,& by ^! words ,he taught m5 t ,god mu/ be wor%ipp$ n 9 ! fle%1 & ) fle%ly sacrifices1 b 9 ! _s4 ,& ,he w be und]/ood to be a ,_s 9 proportion z ! wor%ip r5d]$ to ,him is r5d]$ 9 _s1 & ) und]/&+4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ) images#acij t we are to wor%ip ! ,fa!r1 b 89 tru?10 :i* 8came by ,jesus ,*ri/10 aft] ! giv+ ( ! law by ,moses4 ,= :5 we turn to ! ,"l 7& ! ,"l is a ,_s#acia71 ,he takes away ! veil :i* lies ^u ! he>t :5 ,moses is read4 ,footnote #acha3 ,rom4 viii4 #ad4 ,footnote #achb3 ,cf4 ,heb4 xii4 #bi4 ,footnote #achc3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ab4 ,footnote #achd3 4 ,footnote #ache3 4 ,!re is an allusion to ! two mean+s ( 1 8w9d0 & 8_s40 ,footnote #achf3 #b ,cor4 iii4 #e1 #f4 ,footnote #achg3 4 ,footnote #achh3 "h evid5tly mu/ h ! above mean+4 ,footnote #achi3 ,cf4 ,john iv4 #ba1 #bd4 ,footnote #acij3 4 ,footnote #acia3 ,cf4 #b ,cor4 iii4 #ag4 ,*apt] ,,lxxi4 ,celsus accord+ly1 z n und]/&+ ! doctr9e relat+ to ! ,_s ( ,god 78= ! natural man receive? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 = !y are fooli%ness unto him2 nei!r c he "k !m1 because !y are spiritually disc]n$0#acib71 weaves toge!r su* a web z pleases himself1#acic imag9+ t we1 9 call+ ,god a ,_s1 diff] 9 no respect 9 ?is p>ticul> f ! ,/oics among ! ,greeks1 :o ma9ta9 t 8,god is a ,_s1 diffus$ ?r\gh all ?+s1 & conta9+ all ?+s )9 ,himself40 ,n[ ! sup]9t5d5ce & provid5ce ( ,god does ext5d ?r\gh all ?+s1 b n 9 ! way t _s does1 accord+ to ! ,/oics4 ,provid5ce inde$ conta9s all ?+s t are its objects1 & compreh5ds !m all1 b n z a conta9+ body includes its cont5ts1 because !y also are 8body10#acid b z a div9e p[] does x compreh5d :at x conta9s4 ,accord+ to ! philosoph]s ( ! ,por*1 inde$1 :o ass]t t pr9ciples are 8corporeal10 & :o on t acc\nt make all ?+s p]i%able1 & :o v5ture ev5 to make ! ,god ( all ?+s capable ( p]i%+1 ! v ,^w ( ,god1 :o desc5ds ev5 to ! l[e/ ( mank9d1 w\ld be--did x n appe> to !m to be too gross an incongruity#acie--no?+ else ?an a 8corporeal0 _s2 :]eas1 9 our op9ion1--:o endeav\r to demon/rate t ! rational s\l is sup]ior to all 8corporeal0 nature1 & t x is an invisible sub/ance1 & incorporeal1--,god ! ,^w1 by :om all ?+s 7 made1 :o came1 9 ord] t all ?+s might be made by ! ,^w1 n to m5 only1 b to :at are deem$ ! v l[e/ ( ?+s1 "u ! dom9ion ( nature alone1 w\ld be no body4 ,! ,/oics1 !n1 may consign all ?+s to de/ruction by fire2 we1 h[ev]1 "k ( no incorporeal sub/ance t is de/ructible by fire1 nor d we believe t ! s\l ( man1 or ! sub/ance ( 8angels10 or ( 8?rones10 or 8dom9ions10 or 8pr9cipalities10 or 8p[]s10 c be dissolv$ by fire4 ,footnote #acib3 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 ii4 #ad4 ,footnote #acic3 4 ,footnote #acid3 1 4 ,footnote #acie3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxii4 ,x is !re=e 9 va9 t ,celsus ass]ts1 z "o :o kn[s n ! nature ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 t 8z ! ,son ( ,god1 :o exi/$ 9 a human body1 is a ,_s1 ?is v ,son ( ,god w\ld n be immortal40 ,he next becomes confus$ 9 8 /atem5ts1 z if !re 7 "s ( u :o did n admit t ,god is a ,_s1 b ma9ta9 t only ) reg>d to ,8 ,son1 & he ?9ks t he c answ] u by say+ t !re 8is no k9d ( _s :i* la/s = ev]40 ,?is is mu* ! same z if1 :5 we t]m ,god a 8consum+ fire10 he 7 to say t !re 8is no k9d ( fire :i* la/s = ev]20 n obs]v+ ! s5se 9 :i* we say t our ,god is a fire1 & :at ! ?+s are :i* ,he consumes1 viz4 s9s1 & wick$ness4 ,= x becomes a ,god ( goodness1 aft] ea* individual has %[n1 by 8 ef=ts1 :at k9d ( combatant he has be51 to consume vice by ! fire ( ,8 *a/isem5ts4 ,he proce$s1 9 ! next place1 to assume :at we d n ma9ta91 t 8,god mu/ necess>ily h giv5 up ! gho/20 f :i* also x foll[s t ,jesus c\ld n h ris5 aga9 ) ,8 body4 ,= ,god w\ld n h receiv$ back ! _s :i* ,he _h surr5d]$ aft] x _h be5 /a9$ by contact ) ! body4 ,x is fooli%1 h[ev]1 = u to answ] /atem5ts z ours :i* 7 nev] made by u4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiii4 ,he proce$s to repeat himself1 & aft] say+ a great deal :i* he _h said be=e1 & ridicul+ ! bir? ( ,god f a virg91--to :i* we h already repli$ z we be/ c\ld1--he adds ! foll[+3 8,if ,god _h wi%$ to s5d d[n ,8 ,_s f ,himself1 :at ne$ 0 !re to brea! x into ! womb ( a woman8 ,= z "o :o knew already h[ to =m m51 ,he c\ld also h fa%ion$ a body = ?is p]son1 )\t ca/+ ,8 own ,_s into s mu* pollution2#acif & 9 ?is way ,he w\ld n h be5 receiv$ ) incr$ulity1 if ,he _h d]iv$ ,8 exi/5ce imm$iately f above40 ,he has made ^! rem>ks1 because he kn[s n ! pure & virg9 bir?1 unaccompani$ by any corruption1 ( t body :i* 0 to m9i/] to ! salvation ( m54 ,=1 quot+ ! say+s ( ! ,/oics1#acig & affect+ n to "k ! doctr9e ab\t 8?+s indiff]5t10 he ?9ks t ! div9e nature 0 ca/ amid pollution1 & 0 /a9$ ei!r by be+ 9 ! body ( a woman1 until a body 0 =m$ ar\nd x1 or by assum+ a body4 ,& 9 ?is he acts l ^? :o imag9e t ! sun's rays are pollut$ by dung & by f\l-smell+ bodies1 & d n rema9 pure amid su* ?+s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 accord+ to ! view ( ,celsus1 ! body ( ,jesus _h be5 fa%ion$ )\t g5]ation1 ^? :o beheld ! body w\ld at once h believ$ t x _h n be5 =m$ by g5]ation2 & yet an object1 :5 se51 does n at ! same "t indicate ! nature ( t f :i* x has d]iv$ its orig94 ,= example1 suppose t !re 7 "s honey plac$ be=e "o :i* _h n be5 manufactur$ by bees1 no "o c\ld tell f ! ta/e or sight t x 0 n _! workman%ip1 because ! honey :i* comes f bees does n make kn[n its orig9 by ! s5ses1#acih b exp]i5ce alone c tell t x does n proce$ f !m4 ,9 ! same way1 too1 exp]i5ce tea*es t w9e comes f ! v9e1 = ta/e does n enable u to di/+ui% ! w9e :i* comes f ! v9e4 ,9 ! same mann]1 !re=e1 ! visible#acii body does n make kn[n ! mann] ( its exi/5ce4 ,& y w be induc$ to accept ?is view1#adjj by reg>d+ ! heav5ly bodies1 ^: exi/5ce & spl5d\r we p]ceive z we gaze at !m2 & yet1 ,i presume1 _! appe>ance does n sugge/ to u :e!r !y are creat$ or uncreat$2 & accord+ly diff]5t op9ions h exi/$ on ^! po9ts4 ,& yet ^? :o say t !y are creat$ are n agre$ z to ! mann] ( _! creation1 = _! appe>ance does n sugge/ x1 al?\gh ! =ce ( reason#adja may h discov]$ t !y are creat$1 & h[ _! creation 0 effect$4 ,footnote #acif3 4 ,footnote #acig3 ,cf4 ,book iv4 cc4 #ad & #fh4 ,footnote #acih3 4 ,footnote #acii3 4 ,footnote #adjj3 4 ,footnote #adja3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiv4 ,aft] ?is he returns to ! subject ( ,m>cion's op9ions 7hav+ already spok5 frequ5tly ( !m71 & /ates "s ( !m correctly1 :ile o!rs he has misund]/ood2 ^!1 h[ev]1 x is n necess>y = u to answ] or refute4 ,aga91 aft] ?is he br+s =w>d ! v>i\s argum5ts t may be urg$ on ,m>cion's behalf1 & also aga9/ him1 enum]at+ :at ! op9ions are :i* exon]ate him f ! *>ges1 & :at expose him to !m2 & :5 he desires to support ! /atem5t :i* decl>es t ,jesus has be5 ! subject ( prophecy1--9 ord] to f\nd a *>ge aga9/ ,m>cion & 8 foll[]s1--he di/9ctly asks1 8,h[ c\ld he1 :o 0 puni%$ 9 su* a mann]1 be %[n to be ,god's ,son1 unless ^! ?+s _h be5 pr$ict$ ( him80 ,he next proce$s to je/1 &1 z 8 cu/om is1 to p\r ridicule ^u ! subject1 introduc+ 8two sons ( ,god1 "o ! son ( ! ,creator1#adjb & ! o!r ! son ( ,m>cion's ,god2 & he portrays _! s+le combats1 say+ t ! ,!oma*ies ( ! ,fa!rs are l ! battles betwe5 quails2#adjc or t ! ,fa!rs1 becom+ useless ?r\gh age1 & fall+ into _! dotage1#adjd d n m$dle at all ) "o ano!r1 b leave _! sons to fight x out40 ,! rem>k :i* he made =m]ly we w turn aga9/ himself3 8,:at old woman w\ld n be a%am$ to lull a *ild to sleep ) su* /ories z he has ins]t$ 9 ! "w :i* he entitles ,a ,true ,disc\rse8 ,= :5 he ought s]i\sly#adje to apply himself to argum5t1 he leaves s]i\s argum5t aside1 & betakes himself to je/+ & buffoon]y1 imag9+ t he is writ+ mimes or sc(f+ v]ses2 n obs]v+ t su* a me?od ( proc$ure defeats 8 purpose1 :i* is to make u ab&on ,*ri/ianity & give 9 our adh]5ce to 8 op9ions1 :i*1 p]haps1 _h !y be5 /at$ ) "s degree ( gravity1#adjf w\ld h appe>$ m likely to conv9ce1 :]eas1 s9ce he cont9ues to ridicule1 & sc(f1 & play ! buffoon1 we answ] t x is because he has no argum5t ( weight#adjg 7= su* he nei!r _h1 nor c\ld und]/&7 t he has betak5 himself to su* drivell+40#adjh ,footnote #adjb3 4 ,footnote #adjc3 4 ,footnote #adjd3 4 ,footnote #adje3 4 ,footnote #adjf3 4 ,footnote #adjg3 4 ,footnote #adjh3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxv4 ,to ! prec$+ rem>ks he adds ! foll[+3 8,s9ce a div9e ,_s inhabit$ ! body ( ,jesus1 x mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 diff]5t f t ( o!r be+s1 9 respect ( gr&eur1 or beauty1 or /r5g?1 or voice1 or impressiv5ess1#adji or p]suasiv5ess4 ,= x is impossible t ,he1 to :om 0 imp>t$ "s div9e quality beyond o!r be+s1 %\ld n diff] f o!rs2 :]eas ?is p]son did n diff] 9 any respect f ano!r1 b 01 z !y report1 little1 & ill-fav\r$1 & ignoble40#adaj ,n[ x is evid5t by ^! words1 t :5 ,celsus wi%es to br+ a *>ge aga9/ ,jesus1 he adduces ! sacr$ writ+s1 z "o :o believ$ !m to be writ+s app>5tly fitt$ to af=d a h&le = a *>ge aga9/ ,him2 b :]ev]1 9 ! same writ+s1 /atem5ts w\ld appe> to be made oppos$ to ^? *>ges :i* are adduc$1 he pret5ds n ev5 to "k !m6 ,!re are1 inde$1 admitt$ to be record$ "s /atem5ts respect+ ! body ( ,jesus hav+ be5 8ill-fav\r$20 n1 h[ev]1 8ignoble10 z has be5 /at$1 nor is !re any c]ta9 evid5ce t he 0 8little40 ,! language ( ,isaiah runs z foll[s1 :o prophesi$ reg>d+ ,him t ,he w\ld come & visit ! multitude1 n 9 comel9ess ( =m1 nor 9 any surpass+ beauty3 8,"l1 :o ha? believ$ our report1 & to :om 0 ! arm ( ! ,"l reveal$8 ,he made ann\ncem5t be=e ,him1 z a *ild1 z a root 9 a ?ir/y gr\nd4 ,he has no =m nor glory1 & we beheld ,him1 & ,he _h no =m nor beauty2 b ,8 =m 0 )\t hon\r1 & inf]ior to t ( ! sons ( m540#adaa ,^! passages1 !n1 ,celsus li/5$ to1 because he ?\ght !y 7 ( use to him 9 br++ a *>ge aga9/ ,jesus2 b he paid no att5tion to ! words ( ! #de? ,psalm1 & :y x is !n said1 8,gird ,?y sword ^u ,?y ?igh1 ,o mo/ mighty1 ) ,?y comel9ess & beauty1 & cont9ue1 & prosp]1 & reign40#adab ,footnote #adji3 4 ,footnote #adaj3 4 ,footnote #adaa3 ,cf4 ,isa4 liii4 #a-c 7,,lxx474 ,footnote #adab3 ,cf4 ,ps4 xlv4 #c1 #d 7,,lxx474 ,*apt] ,,lxxvi4 ,let x be suppos$1 h[ev]1 t he _h n read ! prophecy1 or t he _h read x1 b _h be5 drawn away by ^? :o mis9t]pret$ x z n be+ spok5 ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:at has he to say ( ! ,gospel1 9 ! n>ratives ( :i* ,jesus asc5d$ up into a high m\nta91 & 0 transfigur$ be=e ! disciples1 & 0 se5 9 glory1 :5 bo? ,moses & ,elias1 8be+ se5 9 glory1 spake ( ! decease :i* ,he 0 ab\t to accompli% at ,j]usalem80 or :5 ! prophet says1 8,we beheld ,him1 & ,he _h no =m nor beauty10 etc48 & ,celsus accepts ?is prophecy z ref]r+ to ,jesus1 be+ bl9d$ 9 s accept+ x1 & n see+ t x is a great pro( t ! ,jesus :o appe>$ to be 8)\t =m0 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 t ,8 v appe>ance %\ld h be5 made ! subject ( prophecy _m ye>s be=e ,8 bir?4 ,b if ano!r prophet speak ( ,8 comel9ess & beauty1 he w no long] accept ! prophecy z ref]r+ to ,*ri/6 ,& if x 7 to be cle>ly asc]ta9$ f ! ,gospels t 8,he _h no =m nor beauty1 b t ,8 appe>ance 0 )\t hon\r1 & inf]ior to t ( ! sons ( m510 x might be said t x 0 n ) ref]5ce to ! prophetic writ+s1 b to ! ,gospels1 t ,celsus made 8 rem>ks4 ,b n[1 z nei!r ! ,gospels nor ! apo/olic writ+s indicate t 8,he _h no =m nor beauty10 x is evid5t t we mu/ accept ! decl>ation ( ! prophets z true ( ,*ri/1 & ?is w prev5t ! *>ge aga9/ ,jesus f be+ advanc$4#adac ,footnote #adac3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxvii4 ,b aga91 h[ did he :o said1 8,s9ce a div9e ,_s inhabit$ ! body ( ,jesus1 x mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 diff]5t f t ( o!r be+s 9 respect ( gr&eur1 or voice1 or /r5g?1 or impressiv5ess1 or p]suasiv5ess10 n obs]ve ! *ang+ relation ( ,8 body accord+ to ! capacity ( ! spectators 7& !re=e its correspond+ utility71 inasmu* z x appe>$ to ea* "o ( su* a nature z x 0 requisite = him to behold x8 ,moreov]1 x is n a subject ( wond] t ! matt]1 :i* is by nature susceptible ( be+ alt]$ & *ang$1 & ( be+ trans=m$ into any?+ :i* ! ,creator *ooses1 & is capable ( receiv+ all ! qualities :i* ! ,artific] desires1 %\ld at "o "t possess a quality1 agreeably to :i* x is said1 8,he _h no =m nor beauty10 & at ano!r1 "o s glori\s1 & maje/ic1 & m>vell\s1 t ! spectators ( su* surpass+ lovel9ess--?ree disciples :o _h asc5d$ ! m\nt ) ,jesus--%\ld fall ^u _! faces4 ,he w say1 h[ev]1 t ^! are inv5tions1 & 9 no respect diff]5t f my?s1 z are also ! o!r m>vels relat$ ( ,jesus2 :i* objection we h answ]$ at great] l5g? 9 :at has gone be=e4 ,b !re is also some?+ my/ical 9 ?is doctr9e1 :i* ann\nces t ! v>y+ appe>ances ( ,jesus are to be ref]r$ to ! nature ( ! div9e ,^w1 :o does n %[ ,himself 9 ! same mann] to ! multitude z ,he does to ^? :o are capable ( foll[+ ,him to ! high m\nta9 :i* we h m5tion$2 = to ^? :o /ill rema9 bel[1 & are n yet prep>$ to asc5d1 ! ,^w 8has nei!r =m nor beauty10 because to su* p]sons ,8 =m is 8)\t hon\r10 & inf]ior to ! words giv5 =? by m51 :i* are figuratively t]m$ 8sons ( m540 ,= we might say t ! words ( philosoph]s--:o are 8sons ( m50--appe> f> m beautiful ?an ! ,^w ( ,god1 :o is proclaim$ to ! multitude1 & :o also exhibits :at is call$ ! 8fooli%ness ( prea*+10 & on acc\nt ( ?is app>5t 8fooli%ness ( prea*+0 ^? :o look at ?is alone say1 8,we saw ,him1 b ,he _h no =m nor beauty40 ,to ^?1 inde$1 :o h receiv$ p[] to foll[ ,him1 9 ord] t !y may att5d ,him ev5 :5 ,he asc5ds to ! 8l(ty m\nt10 ,he has a div9] appe>ance1 :i* !y behold1 if !re happ5s to be among !m a ,pet]1 :o has receiv$ )9 himself ! edifice ( ! *ur* bas$ ^u ! ,^w1 & :o has ga9$ su* a habit ( goodness t none ( ! gates ( ,hades w prevail aga9/ him1 hav+ be5 exalt$ by ! ,^w f ! gates ( dea?1 t he may 8publi% ! praises ( ,god 9 ! gates ( ! daught] ( ,sion10 & any o!rs :o h d]iv$ _! bir? f impressive prea*+1#adad & :o are n at all inf]ior to 8sons ( ?und]40 ,b h[ c ,celsus & ! enemies ( ! div9e ,^w1 & ^? :o h n exam9$ ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! _s ( tru?1 "k ! mean+ ( ! diff]5t appe>ances ( ,jesus8 ,& ,i ref] also to ! diff]5t /ages ( ,8 life1 & to any actions p]=m$ by ,him be=e ,8 suff]+s1 & aft] ,8 resurrection f ! dead4 ,footnote #adad3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxviii4 ,celsus next makes c]ta9 obs]vations ( ! foll[+ nature3 8,aga91 if ,god1 l ,jupit] 9 ! com$y1 %\ld1 on awak+ f a l5g!n$ slumb]1 desire to rescue ! human race f evil1 :y did ,he s5d ?is ,_s ( :i* y speak into "o corn] ( ! e>?8 ,he ought to h brea!d x alike into _m bodies1 & h s5t !m out into all ! _w4 ,n[ ! comic poet1 to cause laught] 9 ! !atre1 wrote t ,jupit]1 aft] awak5+1 despat*$ ,m]cury to ! ,a!nians & ,lac$monians2 b d n y ?9k t y h made ! ,son ( ,god m ridicul\s 9 s5d+ ,him to ! ,jews80 ,obs]ve 9 su* language z ?is ! irrev]5t "* ( ,celsus1 :o1 unlike a philosoph]1 takes ! writ] ( a com$y1 ^: bus9ess is to cause laught]1 & comp>es our ,god1 ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 to ! be+ :o1 z repres5t$ 9 ! play1 on awak+1 despat*es ,m]cury on an err&6 ,we /at$1 inde$1 9 :at prec$es1 t x 0 n z if awak5+ f a l5g!n$ slumb] t ,god s5t ,jesus to ! human race1 :o has n[1 = good reasons1 fulfill$ ! economy ( ,8 inc>nation1 b :o has always conf]r$ b5efits ^u ! human race4 ,= no noble de$ has ev] be5 p]=m$ among/ m51 :]e ! div9e ,^w did n visit ! s\ls ( ^? :o 7 capable1 al?\gh = a little "t1 ( admitt+ su* op]ations ( ! div9e ,^w4 ,moreov]1 ! adv5t ( ,jesus app>5tly to "o corn] ( ! e>? 0 f\nd$ on good reasons1 s9ce x 0 necess>y t ,he :o 0 ! subject ( prophecy %\ld make ,8 appe>ance among ^? :o _h become acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9e ( "o ,god1 & :o p]us$ ! writ+s ( ,8 prophets1 & :o _h come to "k ! ann\ncem5t ( ,*ri/1 & t ,he %\ld come to !m at a "t :5 ! ,^w 0 ab\t to be diffus$ f "o corn] ov] ! :ole _w4 ,*apt] ,,lxxix4 ,& !re=e !re 0 no ne$ t !re %\ld ev]y:]e exi/ _m bodies1 & _m spirits l ,jesus1 9 ord] t ! :ole _w ( m5 might be enlight5$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,= ! "o ,^w 0 en\gh1 hav+ aris5 z ! 8,sun ( righte\sness10 to s5d =? f ,judea ,8 com+ rays into ! s\l ( all :o 7 will+ to receive ,him4 ,b if any "o desires to see _m bodies fill$ ) a div9e ,_s1 simil> to ! "o ,*ri/1 m9i/]+ to ! salvation ( m5 ev]y:]e1 let him take note ( ^? :o tea* ! gospel ( ,jesus 9 all l&s 9 s\ndness ( doctr9e & uprightness ( life1 & :o are !mselves t]m$ 8*ri/s0 by ! ,holy ,scriptures1 9 ! passage1 8,t\* n m9e ano9t$1#adae & d n my prophets any h>m40#adaf ,= z we h he>d t ,anti*ri/ come?1 & yet h le>n$ t !re are _m anti*ri/s 9 ! _w1 9 ! same way1 kn[+ t ,*ri/ has come1 we see t1 ow+ to ,him1 !re are _m *ri/s 9 ! _w1 :o1 l ,him1 h lov$ righte\sness & hat$ iniquity1 & !re=e ,god1 ! ,god ( ,*ri/1 ano9t$ !m also ) ! 8oil ( gladness40 ,b inasmu* z ,he lov$ righte\sness & hat$ iniquity above ^? :o 7 ,8 p>tn]s1#adag ,he also obta9$ ! fir/-fruits ( ,8 ano9t+1 &1 if we mu/ s t]m x1 ! entire unction ( ! oil ( gladness2 :ile !y :o 7 ,8 p>tn]s %>$ also 9 ,8 unction1 9 proportion to _! individual capacity4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,*ri/ is ! head ( ! *ur*1 s t ,*ri/ & ! *ur* =m "o body1 ! o9tm5t desc5d$ f ! head to ! be>d ( ,a>on1--! symbols ( ! p]fect man1--& ?is o9tm5t 9 its desc5t rea*$ to ! v skirt ( 8 g>m5t4 ,?is is my answ] to ! irrev]5t language ( ,celsus :5 he says1 8,he ought to h brea!d ,8 ,_s alike into _m bodies1 & h s5t x =? into all ! _w40 ,! comic poet1 inde$1 to cause laught]1 has repres5t$ ,jupit] asleep & awak+ f slumb]1 & despat*+ ,m]cury to ! ,greeks2 b ! ,^w1 kn[+ t ! nature ( ,god is unaffect$ by sleep1 may tea* u t ,god adm9i/]s 9 due season1 & z "r reason dem&s1 ! affairs ( ! _w4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 a matt] ( surprise t1 ow+ to ! greatness & incompreh5sibility#adah ( ! div9e judgm5ts1 ignorant p]sons %\ld make mi/akes1 & ,celsus among !m4 ,!re is !re=e no?+ ridicul\s 9 ! ,son ( ,god hav+ be5 s5t to ! ,jews1 among/ :om ! prophets _h appe>$1 9 ord] t1 mak+ a comm5cem5t among !m 9 a bodily %ape1 ,he might arise ) might & p[] ^u a _w ( s\ls1 :i* no long] desir$ to rema9 des]t$ by ,god4 ,footnote #adae3 4 ,footnote #adaf3 ,cf4 #a ,*ron4 xvi4 #bb & ,ps4 cv4 #ae4 ,footnote #adag3 4 ,footnote #adah3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxx4 ,aft] ?is1 x seem$ prop] to ,celsus to t]m ! ,*aldeans a mo/ div9ely-inspir$ nation f ! v e>lie/ times1#adai f :om ! delusive sy/em ( a/rology#adbj has spread abroad among m54 ,nay1 he ranks ! ,magi also 9 ! same category1 f :om ! art ( magic d]iv$ its "n & has be5 transmitt$ to o!r nations1 to ! corruption & de/ruction ( ^? :o employ x4 ,9 ! prec$+ "p ( ?is "w1 we m5tion$ t1 9 ! op9ion ev5 ( ,celsus1 ! ,egyptians also 7 guilty ( error1 because !y _h inde$ solemn enclosures ar\nd :at !y consid]$ _! temples1 :ile )9 !m !re 0 no?+ save apes1 or crocodiles1 or goats1 or asps1 or "s o!r animal2 b on ! pres5t occasion x pleases him to speak ( ! ,egyptian p too z mo/ div9ely inspir$1 & t1 too1 f ! e>lie/ times1--p]haps because !y made w> ^u ! ,jews f an e>ly date4 ,! ,p]sians1 moreov]1 :o m>ry _! own mo!rs1 & h int]c\rse ) _! own daught]s1 are1 9 ! op9ion ( ,celsus1 an inspir$ race2 nay1 ev5 ! ,indians are s1 "s ( :om1 9 ! prec$+1 he m5tion$ z eat]s ( human fle%4 ,to ! ,jews1 h[ev]1 especially ^? ( anci5t times1 :o employ none ( ^! practices1 he did n m]ely refuse ! "n ( inspir$1 b decl>$ t !y w\ld imm$iately p]i%4 ,& ?is pr$iction he utt]$ respect+ !m1 z be+ d\btless endu$ ) prophetic p[]1 n obs]v+ t ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,jews1 & _! anci5t & v5]able polity1 7 adm9i/]$ by ,god2 & t x is by _! fall t salvation has come to ! ,g5tiles1 & t 8_! fall is ! ri*es ( ! _w1 & ! dim9i%+ ( !m ! ri*es ( ! ,g5tiles10#adba until ! fulness ( ! ,g5tiles come1 t aft] t ! :ole ( ,israel1 :om ,celsus does n "k1 may be sav$4 ,footnote #adai3 4 ,footnote #adbj3 4 ,footnote #adba3 ,cf4 ,rom4 xi4 #aa1 #ab4 ,*apt] ,,lxxxi4 ,i d n und]/&1 h[ev]1 h[ he %\ld say ( ,god1 t al?\gh 8kn[+ all ?+s1 ,he 0 n aw>e ( ?is1 t ,he 0 s5d+ ,8 ,son among/ wick$ m51 :o 7 bo? to be guilty ( s91 & to inflict puni%m5t ^u ,him40 ,c]ta9ly he appe>s1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 to h =gott5 t all ! suff]+s :i* ,jesus 0 to und]go 7 =ese5 by ! ,_s ( ,god1 & =etold by ,8 prophets2 f :i* x does n foll[ t 8,god did n "k t ,he 0 s5d+ ,8 ,son among/ wick$ & s9ful m51 :o 7 also to inflict puni%m5t ^u ,him40 ,he imm$iately adds1 h[ev]1 t 8our def5ce on ?is po9t is t all ^! ?+s 7 pr$ict$40 ,b z our six? book has n[ atta9$ suffici5t dim5sions1 we %all /op "h1 & beg91 ,god will+1 ! argum5t ( ! sev5?1 9 :i* we %all consid] ! reasons :i* he ?9ks furni% an answ] to our /atem5t1 t ev]y?+ reg>d+ ,jesus 0 =etold by ! prophets2 & z ^! are num]\s1 & require to be answ]$ at l5g?1 we wi%$ nei!r to cut ! subject %ort1 9 consequ5ce ( ! size ( ! pres5t book1 nor1 9 ord] to avoid do+ s1 to swell ?is six? book beyond its prop] proportions4 ,,book ,,vii4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,9 ! six =m] books we h endeav\r$1 rev]5d bro!r ,ambrosius1 accord+ to our ability to meet ! *>ges br\ght by ,celsus aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 & h z f> z possible pass$ ov] no?+ )\t fir/ subject+ x to a full & close exam9ation4 ,& n[1 :ile we ent] ^u ! sev5? book1 we call ^u ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ,celsus accuses1 t ,he :o is ! tru? ( ,god w\ld %$ light into our he>ts & scatt] ! d>kness ( error1 9 accordance ) t say+ ( ! prophet :i* we n[ (f] z our pray]1 8,de/roy !m by ,?y tru?40#adbb ,= x is evid5tly ! words & reason+s oppos$ to ! tru? t ,god de/roys by ,8 tru?2 s t :5 ^! are de/roy$1 all :o are deliv]$ f deception may g on ) ! prophet to say1 8,i w freely sacrifice unto ,!e10#adbc & may (f] to ! ,mo/ ,high a reasonable & smokeless sacrifice4 ,footnote #adbb3 ,ps4 liv4 #e4 ,footnote #adbc3 ,ps4 liv4 #f4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,celsus n[ sets himself to combat ! views ( ^? :o say t ! ,jewi% prophets =etold ev5ts :i* happ5$ 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,at ! outset let u ref] to a notion he has1 t ^? :o assume ! exi/5ce ( ano!r ,god besides ! ,god ( ! ,jews h no gr\nd on :i* to answ] 8 objections2 :ile we :o recognise ! same ,god rely = our def5ce on ! prophecies :i* 7 deliv]$ conc]n+ ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,8 words are3 8,let u see h[ !y c raise a def5ce4 ,to ^? :o admit ano!r ,god1 no def5ce is possible2 & !y :o recognise ! same ,god w always fall back ^u ! same reason1 #8,?is & t mu/ h happ5$4' ,& :y8 #8,because x _h be5 pr$ict$ long be=e4'0 ,to ?is we answ]1 t ! argum5ts rec5tly rais$ by ,celsus aga9/ ,jesus & ,*ri/ians 7 s utt]ly feeble1 t !y might easily be ov]?r[n ev5 by ^? :o are impi\s en\gh to br+ 9 ano!r ,god4 ,inde$1 7 x n dang]\s to give to ! weak any excuse = embrac+ false notions1 we c\ld furni% ! answ] ourselves1 & %[ ,celsus h[ unf\nd$ is 8 op9ion1 t ^? :o admit ano!r ,god are n 9 a position to meet 8 argum5ts4 ,h[ev]1 let u = ! pres5t conf9e ourselves to a def5ce ( ! prophets1 9 cont9uation ( :at we h said on ! subject be=e4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,celsus goes on to say ( u3 8,!y set no value on ! oracles ( ! ,py?ian prie/ess1 ( ! prie/s ( ,dodona1 ( ,cl>us1 ( ,bran*id1 ( ,jupit] ,ammon1 & ( a multitude ( o!rs2 al?\gh "u _! guidance we may say t colonies 7 s5t =?1 & ! :ole _w peopl$4 ,b ^? say+s :i* 7 utt]$ or n utt]$ 9 ,judea1 aft] ! mann] ( t c\ntry1 z inde$ !y are /ill deliv]$ among ! p ( ,phnicia & ,pale/9e--^! !y look ^u z m>vell\s say+s1 & un*angeably true40 ,9 reg>d to ! oracles "h enum]at$1 we reply t x w\ld be possible = u to ga!r f ! writ+s ( ,ari/otle & ! ,p]ipatetic s*ool n a few ?+s to ov]?r[ ! au?ority ( ! ,py?ian & ! o!r oracles4 ,f ,epicurus also1 & 8 foll[]s1 we c\ld quote passages to %[ t ev5 among ! ,greeks !mselves !re 7 "s :o utt]ly discr$it$ ! oracles :i* 7 recognis$ & admir$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,greece4 ,b let x be grant$ t ! responses deliv]$ by ! ,py?ian & o!r oracles 7 n ! utt]ances ( false m5 :o pret5d$ to a div9e inspiration2 & let u see if1 aft] all1 we _c conv9ce any s9c]e inquir]s t !re is no necessity to attribute ^! oracul> responses to any div9ities1 b t1 on ! o!r h&1 !y may be trac$ to wick$ demons--to spirits :i* are at enmity ) ! human race1 & :i* 9 ?is way wi% to h9d] ! s\l f ris+ upw>ds1 f foll[+ ! pa? ( virtue1 & f return+ to ,god 9 s9c]e piety4 ,x is said ( ! ,py?ian prie/ess1 ^: oracle seems to h be5 ! mo/ celebrat$1 t :5 %e sat d[n at ! m\? ( ! ,ca/alian cave1 ! prophetic _s ( ,apollo ent]$ h] private p>ts2 & :5 %e 0 fill$ ) x1 %e gave utt]ance to responses :i* are reg>d$ ) awe z div9e tru?s4 ,judge by ?is :e!r t _s does n %[ its pr(ane & impure nature1 by *oos+ to ent] ! s\l ( ! prophetess n ?r\gh ! m becom+ m$ium ( ! bodily pores :i* are bo? op5 & invisible1 b by means ( :at no mode/ man w\ld ev] see or speak (4 ,& ?is occurs n once or twice1 :i* w\ld be m p]missible1 b z (t5 z %e 0 believ$ to receive inspiration f ,apollo4 ,moreov]1 x is n ! "p ( a div9e _s to drive ! prophetess into su* a /ate ( ec/asy & madness t %e loses control ( h]self4 ,= he :o is "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,div9e ,_s ought to be ! fir/ to receive ! b5eficial effects2 & ^! ought n to be fir/ enjoy$ by ! p]sons :o consult ! oracle ab\t ! conc]ns ( natural or civil life1 or = purposes ( temporal ga9 or int]e/2 &1 moreov]1 t %\ld be ! "t ( cle>e/ p]ception1 :5 a p]son is 9 close int]c\rse ) ! ,deity4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,accord+ly1 we c %[ f an exam9ation ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 t ! ,jewi% prophets1 :o 7 enlight5$ z f> z 0 necess>y = _! prophetic "w by ! ,_s ( ,god1 7 ! fir/ to enjoy ! b5efit ( ! inspiration2 & by ! contact--if ,i may s say--( ! ,holy ,_s !y became cle>] 9 m9d1 & _! s\ls 7 fill$ ) a bright] light4 ,& ! body no long] s]v$ z a h9drance to a virtu\s life2 = to t :i* we call 8! lu/ ( ! fle%0 x 0 dead5$4 ,= we are p]suad$ t ! ,div9e ,_s 8mortifies ! de$s ( ! body10 & de/roys t enmity aga9/ ,god :i* ! c>nal passions s]ve to excite4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,py?ian prie/ess is beside h]self :5 %e prophesies1 :at _s mu/ t be :i* fills h] m9d & cl\ds h] judgm5t ) d>kness1 unless x be ( ! same ord] ) ^? demons :i* _m ,*ri/ians ca/ out ( p]sons possess$ ) !m8 ,& ?is1 we may obs]ve1 !y d )\t ! use ( any curi\s arts ( magic1 or incantations1 b m]ely by pray] & simple adjurations :i* ! pla9e/ p]son c use4 ,because = ! mo/ "p x is unlett]$ p]sons :o p]=m ?is "w2 ?us mak+ manife/ ! grace :i* is 9 ! ^w ( ,*ri/1 & ! despicable weakness ( demons1 :i*1 9 ord] to be ov]come & driv5 out ( ! bodies & s\ls ( m51 d n require ! p[] & wisdom ( ^? :o are mighty 9 argum5t1 & mo/ le>n$ 9 matt]s ( fai?4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,moreov]1 if x is believ$ n only among ,*ri/ians & ,jews1 b also by _m o!rs among ! ,greeks & b>b>ians1 t ! human s\l lives & subsi/s aft] its sep>ation f ! body2 & if reason supports ! idea t pure s\ls :i* are n weigh$ d[n ) s9 z ) a weight ( lead asc5d on high to ! region ( pur] & m e!rial bodies1 leav+ "h bel[ _! gross] bodies along ) _! impurities2 :]eas s\ls t are pollut$ & dragg$ d[n to ! e>? by _! s9s1 s t !y are unable ev5 to brea! upw>ds1 w&] hi!r & ?i!r1 at "s times ab\t sepul*res1 :]e !y appe> z ! app>itions ( %ad[y spirits1 at o!rs among o!r objects on ! gr\nd2--if ?is is s1 :at are we to ?9k ( ^? spirits t are atta*$ = entire ages1 z ,i may say1 to p>ticul> dwell+s & places1 :e!r by a sort ( magical =ce or by _! own natural wick$ness8 ,are we n compell$ by reason to set d[n z evil su* spirits z employ ! p[] ( prophesy+--a p[] 9 itself nei!r good nor bad--= ! purpose ( deceiv+ m51 & ?us turn !m away f ,god1 & f ! purity ( ,8 s]vice8 ,x is moreov] evid5t t ?is is _! "*1 :5 we add t !y delight 9 ! blood ( victims1 & 9 ! smoke & od\r ( sacrifices1 & t !y fe$ _! bodies on ^!1 & t !y take pleasure 9 su* haunts z ^!1 z ?\gh !y s\ght 9 !m ! su/5ance ( _! lives2 9 ?is resembl+ ^? deprav$ m5 :o despise ! purity ( a life ap>t f ! s5ses1 & :o h no incl9ation except = ! pleasures ( ! body1 & = t e>?ly & bodily life 9 :i* ^! pleasures are f\nd4 ,if ! ,delphian ,apollo 7 a god1 z ! ,greeks suppose1 w\ld he n r h *os5 z 8 prophet "s wise man8 or if su* an "o 0 n to be f\nd1 !n "o :o 0 endeav\r+ to become wise8 ,h[ came he n to pref] a man to a woman = ! utt]ance ( 8 prophecies8 ,& if he pref]r$ ! latt] sex1 z ?\gh he c\ld only f9d pleasure 9 ! brea/ ( a woman1 :y did he n *oose among wom5 a virg9 to int]pret 8 w8 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,b no2 ! ,py?ian1 s mu* admir$ among ! ,greeks1 judg$ no wise man1 nay1 no man at all1 wor?y ( ! div9e possession1 z !y call x4 ,& among wom5 he did n *oose a virg91 or "o recomm5d$ by h] wisdom1 or by h] atta9m5ts 9 philosophy2 b he selects a common woman4 ,p]haps ! bett] class ( m5 7 too good to become ! subjects ( ! inspiration4 ,besides1 if he 7 a god1 he %\ld h employ$ 8 prophetic p[] z a bait1 s to speak1 ) :i* he might draw m5 to a *ange ( life1 & to ! practice ( virtue4 ,b hi/ory n[h]e makes m5tion ( any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,= if ! oracle did call ,socrates ! wise/ ( all m51 x takes f ! value ( t eulogy by :at is said 9 reg>d to ,euripides & ,sophocles4 ,! words are3 8,sophocles is wise1 & ,euripides is wis]1 ,b wis] ?an all m5 is ,socrates40#adbd ,z1 !n1 he gives ! designation 8wise0 to ! tragic poets1 x is n on acc\nt ( 8 philosophy t he holds up ,socrates to v5]ation1 or because ( 8 love ( tru? & virtue4 ,x is poor praise ( ,socrates to say t he pref]s him to m5 :o = a paltry rew>d compete ^u ! /age1 & :o by _! repres5tations excite ! spectators at "o "t to te>s & grief1 & at ano!r to unseemly laught] 7= su* is ! int5tion ( ! satiric drama74 ,& p]haps x 0 n s mu* 9 reg>d to 8 philosophy t he call$ ,socrates ! wise/ ( all m51 z on acc\nt ( ! victims :i* he sacrific$ to him & ! o!r demons4 ,= x seems t ! demons pay m reg>d 9 di/ribut+ _! fav\rs to ! sacrifices :i* are (f]$ !m ?an to de$s ( virtue4 ,accord+ly1 ,hom]1 ! be/ ( ! poets1 :o describes :at usually took place1 :51 wi%+ to %[ u :at mo/ influ5c$ ! demons to grant an answ] to ! wi%es ( _! vot>ies1 introduces ,*ryses1 :o1 = a few g>l&s & ! ?ighs ( bulls & goats1 obta9$ an answ] to 8 pray]s = 8 daught] ,*ryseis1 s t ! ,greeks 7 driv5 by a pe/il5ce to re/ore h] back to him4 ,& ,i rememb] read+ 9 ! book ( a c]ta9 ,py?agorean1 :5 writ+ on ! hidd5 mean+s 9 t poet1 t ! pray] ( ,*ryses to ,apollo1 & ! plague :i* ,apollo aft]w>ds s5t ^u ! ,greeks1 are pro(s t ,hom] knew ( c]ta9 evil demons :o delight 9 ! smoke ( sacrifices1 & :o1 to rew>d ^? :o (f] !m1 grant 9 answ] to _! pray]s ! de/ruction ( o!rs4 8,he10 t is1 ,jupit]1 8:o rules ov] w9try ,dodona1 :]e 8 prophets h ev] unwa%$ feet1 & sleep ^u ! gr\nd10#adbe has reject$ ! male sex1 &1 z ,celsus obs]ves1 employs ! wom5 ( ,dodona = ! prophetic (fice4 ,grant+ t !re are oracles simil> to ^!1 z t at ,cl>us1 ano!r 9 ,bran*id1 ano!r 9 ! temple ( ,jupit] ,ammon1 or any:]e else2 yet h[ %all x be prov$ t ^! are gods1 & n demons8 ,footnote #adbd3 ,suidas 9 4 ,footnote #adbe3 ,hom]1 ,iliad1 xvi4 #bcd1 etc4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,9 reg>d to ! prophets among ! ,jews1 "s ( !m 7 wise m5 be=e !y became div9ely inspir$ prophets1 :ile o!rs became wise by ! illum9ation :i* _! m9ds receiv$ :5 div9ely inspir$4 ,!y 7 select$ by ,div9e ,provid5ce to receive ! ,div9e ,_s1 & to be ! deposit>ies ( ,8 holy oracles1 on ! gr\nd ( _! lead+ a life ( almo/ unapproa*able excell5ce1 intrepid1 noble1 unmov$ by dang] or dea?4 ,= reason tea*es t su* ought to be ! "* ( ! prophets ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! firmness ( ,anti/h5es1 ,crates1 & ,diog5es w seem b z *ild's play4 ,x 0 !re=e = _! firm adh]5ce to tru?1 & _! fai?fulness 9 ! repro( ( ! wick$1 t !y 7 8/on$2 !y 7 sawn asund]1 7 tempt$1 7 sla9 ) ! sword2 !y w&]$ ab\t 9 %eepsk9s & goatsk9s1 be+ de/itute1 afflict$1 torm5t$2 !y w&]$ 9 des]ts & 9 m\nta9s1 & 9 d5s & caves ( ! e>?1 ( :om ! _w 0 n wor?y30#adbf = !y look$ always to ,god & to ,8 bless+s1 :i*1 be+ invisible1 & n to be p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses1 are et]nal4 ,we h ! hi/ory ( ! life ( ea* ( ! prophets2 b x w be en\gh at pres5t to direct att5tion to ! life ( ,moses1 ^: prophecies are conta9$ 9 ! law2 to t ( ,j]emiah1 z x is giv5 9 ! book :i* be>s 8 "n2 to t ( ,isaiah1 :o ) unexampl$ au/]ity walk$ nak$ & b>efoot$ = ! space ( ?ree ye>s4 ,read & consid] ! sev]e life ( ^? *ildr51 ,daniel & 8 companions1 h[ !y ab/a9$ f fle%1 & liv$ on wat] & pulse4 ,or if y w g back to m remote times1 ?9k ( ! life ( ,noah1 :o prophesi$2 & ( ,isaac1 :o gave 8 son a prophetic bless+2 or ( ,jacob1 :o address$ ea* ( 8 twelve sons1 beg9n+ ) 8,come1 t ,i may tell y :at %all befall y 9 ! la/ days40 ,^!1 & a multitude ( o!rs1 prophesy+ on behalf ( ,god1 =etold ev5ts relat+ to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we !re=e = ?is reason set at n\ght ! oracles ( ! ,py?ian prie/ess1 or ^? deliv]$ at ,dodona1 at ,cl>us1 at ,bran*id1 at ! temple ( ,jupit] ,ammon1 or by a multitude ( o!r s-call$ prophets2 :il/ we reg>d ) rev]5t awe ! ,jewi% prophets3 = we see t ! noble1 e>ne/1 & dev\t lives ( ^! m5 7 wor?y ( ! inspiration ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 ^: wond]ful effects 7 widely diff]5t f ! div9ation ( demons4 ,footnote #adbf3 ,heb4 xi4 #cg1 #ch4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,i d n "k :at l$ ,celsus1 :5 say+1 8,b :at ?+s 7 spok5 or n spok5 9 ! l& ( ,judea1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry10 to use ! words 8or n spok510 z ?\gh imply+ t he 0 incr$ul\s1 & t he suspect$ t ^? ?+s :i* 7 writt5 7 nev] spok54 ,9 fact1 he is unacqua9t$ ) ^! times2 & he does n "k t ^? prophets :o =etold ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 pr$ict$ a multitude ( o!r ev5ts _m ye>s be=eh&4 ,he adds1 ) ! view ( ca/+ a slight ^u ! anci5t prophets1 t 8!y prophesi$ 9 ! same way z we f9d !m /ill do+ among ! inhabitants ( ,phnicia & ,pale/9e40 ,b he does n tell u :e!r he ref]s to p]sons :o are ( diff]5t pr9ciples f ^? ( ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 or to p]sons ^: prophecies are ( ! same "* z ^? ( ! ,jewi% prophets4 ,h[ev] x be1 8 /atem5t is false1 tak5 9 ei!r way4 ,= nev] h any ( ^? :o h n embrac$ our fai? done any?+ approa*+ to :at 0 done by ! anci5t prophets2 & 9 m rec5t times1 s9ce ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 no prophets h aris5 among ! ,jews1 :o h confess$ly be5 ab&on$ by ! ,holy ,_s on acc\nt ( _! impiety t[>ds ,god1 & t[>ds ,him ( :om _! prophets spoke4 ,moreov]1 ! ,holy ,_s gave signs ( ,8 pres5ce at ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry1 & aft] ,8 asc5sion ,he gave /ill m2 b s9ce t "t ^! signs h dim9i%$1 al?\gh !re are /ill traces ( ,8 pres5ce 9 a few :o h _h _! s\ls purifi$ by ! gospel1 & _! actions regulat$ by its influ5ce4 8,= ! holy _s ( discipl9e w flee deceit1 & remove f ?\ghts t are )\t und]/&+40#adbg ,footnote #adbg3 ,wisd4 ( ,sol4 i4 #e4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,b z ,celsus promises to give an acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* prophecies are deliv]$ 9 ,phnicia & ,pale/9e1 speak+ z ?\gh x 7 a matt] ) :i* he _h a full & p]sonal acqua9tance1 let u see :at he has to say on ! subject4 ,fir/ he lays x d[n t !re are sev]al k9ds ( prophecies1 b he does n specify :at !y are2 inde$1 he c\ld n d s1 & ! /atem5t is a piece ( pure o/5tation4 ,h[ev]1 let u see :at he consid]s ! mo/ p]fect k9d ( prophecy among ^! nations4 8,!re are _m10 he says1 8:o1 al?\gh ( no "n1 ) ! greate/ facility & on ! slighte/ occasion1 :e!r )9 or )\t temples1 assume ! motions & ge/ures ( inspir$ p]sons2 :ile o!rs d x 9 cities or among armies1 = ! purpose ( attract+ att5tion & excit+ surprise4 ,^! are accu/om$ to say1 ea* = himself1 #8,i am ,god2 ,i am ! ,son ( ,god2 or1 ,i am ! ,div9e ,_s2 ,i h come because ! _w is p]i%+1 & y1 ,o m51 are p]i%+ = y\r iniquities4 ,b ,i wi% to save y1 & y %all see me return+ aga9 ) heav5ly p[]4 ,bless$ is he :o n[ does me homage4 ,on all ! re/ ,i w s5d d[n et]nal fire1 bo? on cities & on c\ntries4 ,& ^? :o "k n ! puni%m5ts :i* await !m %all rep5t & grieve 9 va92 :ile ^? :o are fai?ful to me ,i w pres]ve et]nally4'0 ,!n he goes on to say3 8,to ^! promises are add$ /range1 fanatical1 & q un9telligible words1 ( :i* no rational p]son c f9d ! mean+3 = s d>k are !y1 z to h no mean+ at all2 b !y give occasion to e fool or impo/or to apply !m to suit 8 own purposes40 ,*apt] ,x4 ,b if he 7 deal+ hone/ly 9 8 accusations1 he ought to h giv5 ! exact t]ms ( ! prophecies1 :e!r ^? 9 :i* ! speak] is introduc$ z claim+ to be ,god ,almighty1 or ^? 9 :i* ! ,son ( ,god speaks1 or f9ally ^? "u ! "n ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,= ?us he might h endeav\r$ to ov]?r[ ^! ass]tions1 & h %[n t !re 0 no div9e inspiration 9 ^? words :i* urg$ m5 to =sake _! s9s1 :i* condemn$ ! pa/ & =etold ! future4 ,= ! prophecies 7 record$ & pres]v$ by m5 liv+ at ! "t1 t ^? :o came aft] might read & admire !m z ! oracles ( ,god1 & t !y might pr(it n only by ! w>n+s & admonitions1 b also by ! pr$ictions1 :i* be+ %[n by ev5ts to h proce$$ f ! ,_s ( ,god1 b9d m5 to ! practice ( piety z set =? 9 ! law & ! prophets4 ,! prophets h !re=e1 z ,god comm&$ !m1 decl>$ ) all pla9ness ^? ?+s :i* x 0 desirable t ! he>]s %\ld und]/& at once = ! regulation ( _! conduct2 :ile 9 reg>d to deep] & m my/]i\s subjects1 :i* lay beyond ! rea* ( ! common und]/&+1 !y set !m =? 9 ! =m ( enigmas & allegories1 or ( :at are call$ d>k say+s1 p>ables1 or similitudes4 ,& ?is plan !y h foll[$1 t ^? :o are ready to %un no lab\r & sp>e no pa9s 9 _! endeav\rs aft] tru? & virtue might se>* into _! mean+1 & hav+ f\nd x1 might apply x z reason requires4 ,b ,celsus1 ev] vigor\s 9 8 d5unciations1 z ?\gh he 7 angry at 8 inability to und]/& ! language ( ! prophets1 sc(fs at !m ?us3 8,to ^! gr& promises are add$ /range1 fanatical1 & q un9telligible words1 ( :i* no rational p]son c f9d ! mean+2 = s d>k are !y z to h no mean+ at all2 b !y give occasion to e fool or impo/or to apply !m s z to suit 8 own purposes40 ,?is /atem5t ( ,celsus seems +5i\sly design$ to dissuade read]s f attempt+ any inquiry or c>eful se>* into _! mean+4 ,& 9 ?is he is n unlike c]ta9 p]sons1 :o said to a man :om a prophet _h visit$ to ann\nce future ev5ts1 8,:]e=e came ?is mad fell[ to !e80#adbh ,footnote #adbh3 #b ,k+s ix4 #aa4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,i am conv9c$1 inde$1 t mu* bett] argum5ts c\ld be adduc$ ?an any ,i h be5 able to br+ =w>d1 to %[ ! falsehood ( ^! allegations ( ,celsus1 & to set =? ! div9e inspiration ( ! prophecies2 b we h accord+ to our ability1 9 our comm5t>ies on ,isaiah1 ,ezekiel1 & "s ( ! twelve m9or prophets1 expla9$ lit]ally & 9 detail :at he calls 8^? fanatical & utt]ly un9telligible passages40 ,& if ,god give u grace 9 ! "t t ,he appo9ts = u1 to advance 9 ! k ( ,8 ^w1 we %all cont9ue our inve/igation into ! p>ts :i* rema91 or into su* at lea/ z we are able to make pla94 ,& o!r p]sons ( intellig5ce :o wi% to /udy ,scripture may also f9d out its mean+ = !mselves2 = al?\gh !re are _m places 9 :i* ! mean+ is n obvi\s1 yet !re are none :]e1 z ,celsus affirms1 8!re is no s5se at all40 ,nei!r is x true t 8any fool or impo/or c expla9 ! passages s z to make !m suit 8 own purposes40 ,= x belongs only to ^? :o are wise 9 ! tru? ( ,*ri/ 7& to all !m x does belong7 to unfold ! connection & mean+ ( ev5 ! obscure p>ts ( prophecy1 8comp>+ spiritual ?+s ) spiritual10 & int]pret+ ea* passage accord+ to ! usage ( ,scripture writ]s4 ,& ,celsus is n to be believ$ :5 he says t he has he>d su* m5 prophesy2 = no prophets be>+ any resemblance to ! anci5t prophets h appe>$ 9 ! "t ( ,celsus4 ,if !re _h be5 any1 ^? :o he>d & admir$ !m w\ld h foll[$ ! example ( ! anci5ts1 & h record$ ! prophecies 9 writ+4 ,& x seems q cle> t ,celsus is speak+ falsely1 :5 he says t 8^? prophets :om he _h he>d1 on be+ press$ by him1 confess$ _! true motives1 & ackn[l$g$ t ! ambigu\s words !y us$ really meant no?+40 ,he ought to h giv5 ! names ( ^? :om he says he _h he>d1 if he _h any to give1 s t ^? :o 7 compet5t to judge might decide :e!r 8 allegations 7 true or false4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,he ?9ks1 besides1 t ^? :o support ! cause ( ,*ri/ by a ref]5ce to ! writ+s ( ! prophets c give no prop] answ] 9 reg>d to /atem5ts 9 !m :i* attribute to ,god t :i* is wick$1 %ameful1 or impure2 & assum+ t no answ] c be giv51 he proce$s to draw a :ole tra9 ( inf]5ces1 none ( :i* c be all[$4 ,b he ought to "k t ^? :o wi% to live accord+ to ! tea*+ ( sacr$ ,scripture und]/& ! say+1 8,! k ( ! unwise is z talk )\t s5se10#adbi & h le>nt 8to be ready always to give an answ] to e "o t aske? u a reason = ! hope t is 9 u40#adcj ,& !y are n satisfi$ ) affirm+ t su* & su* ?+s h be5 pr$ict$2 b !y endeav\r to remove any app>5t inconsi/5cies1 & to %[ t1 s f> f !re be+ any?+ evil1 %ameful1 or impure 9 ^! pr$ictions1 ev]y?+ is wor?y ( be+ receiv$ by ^? :o und]/& ! sacr$ ,scriptures4 ,b ,celsus ought to h adduc$ f ! prophets examples ( :at he ?\ght bad1 or %ameful1 or impure1 if he saw any su* passages2 = !n 8 argum5t w\ld h _h mu* m =ce1 & w\ld h fur!r$ 8 purpose mu* bett]4 ,he gives no in/ances1 h[ev]1 b cont5ts himself ) l\dly ass]t+ ! false *>ge t ^! ?+s are to be f\nd 9 ,scripture4 ,!re is no reason1 !n1 = u to def5d ourselves aga9/ gr\ndless *>ges1 :i* are b empty s\nds1 or to take ! tr\ble ( %[+ t 9 ! writ+s ( ! prophets !re is no?+ evil1 %ameful1 impure1 or abom9able4 ,footnote #adbi3 ,ecclus4 xxi4 #ah4 ,footnote #adcj3 #a ,pet4 iii4 #ae4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,& !re is no tru? 9 ! /atem5t ( ,celsus1 t 8,god does ! mo/ %ameless de$s1 or suff]s ! mo/ %ameless suff]+s10 or t 8,he fav\rs ! commission ( evil20 = :atev] he may say1 no su* ?+s h ev] be5 =etold4 ,he ought to h cit$ f ! prophets ! passages 9 :i* ,god is repres5t$ z fav\r+ evil1 or z do+ & endur+ ! mo/ %ameless de$s1 & n h s\ght )\t f\ndation to prejudice ! m9ds ( 8 read]s4 ,! prophets1 inde$1 =etold :at ,*ri/ %\ld suff]1 & set =? ! reason :y ,he %\ld suff]4 ,god !re=e also knew :at ,*ri/ w\ld suff]2 b :]e has he le>nt t ^? ?+s :i* ! ,*ri/ ( ,god %\ld suff] 7 mo/ base & di%on\rable8 ,he goes on to expla9 :at ^? mo/ %ameful & degrad+ ?+s 7 :i* ,*ri/ suff]$1 9 ^! words3 8,= :at bett] 0 x = ,god to eat ! fle% ( %eep1 or to dr9k v9eg> & gall1 ?an to fe$ on fil?80 ,b ,god1 accord+ to u1 did n eat ! fle% ( %eep2 & :ile x may seem t ,jesus ate1 ,he did s only z possess+ a body4 ,b 9 reg>d to ! v9eg> & gall m5tion$ 9 ! prophecy1 8,!y gave me also gall = my meat1 & 9 my ?ir/ !y gave me v9eg> to dr9k10#adca we h already ref]r$#adcb to ?is po9t2 & z ,celsus compels u to recur to x aga91 we w\ld only say fur!r1 t ^? :o resi/ ! ^w ( tru? d ev] (f] to ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god ! gall ( _! own wick$ness1 & ! v9eg> ( _! evil incl9ations2 b ?\gh ,he ta/es ( x1 yet ,he w n dr9k x4 ,footnote #adca3 ,ps4 lxix4 #ba4 ,footnote #adcb3 ,book ii4 *ap4 #cg4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,9 ! next place1 wi%+ to %ake ! fai? ( ^? :o believe 9 ,jesus on ! gr\nd ( ! prophecies :i* 7 deliv]$ 9 reg>d to ,him1 ,celsus says3 8,b pray1 if ! prophets =etold t ! great ,god--n to put x m h>%ly--w\ld become a slave1 or become sick1 or die2 w\ld !re be !re=e any necessity t ,god %\ld die1 or suff] sickness1 or become a slave1 simply because su* ?+s _h be5 =etold8 ,mu/ he die 9 ord] to prove 8 div9ity8 ,b ! prophets nev] w\ld utt] pr$ictions s wick$ & impi\s4 ,we ne$ n !re=e inquire :e!r a ?+ has be5 pr$ict$ or n1 b :e!r ! ?+ is hon\rable 9 itself1 & wor?y ( ,god4 ,9 t :i* is evil & base1 al?\gh x seem$ t all m5 9 ! _w _h =etold x 9 a fit ( madness1 we mu/ n believe4 ,h[ !n c ! pi\s m9d admit t ^? ?+s :i* are said to h happ5$ to him1 c\ld h happ5$ to "o :o is ,god80 ,f ?is x is pla9 t ,celsus feels ! argum5t f prophecy to be v effective = conv9c+ ^? to :om ,*ri/ is prea*$2 b he seems to endeav\r to ov]?r[ x by an opposite probability1 namely1 8t ! "q is n :e!r ! prophets utt]$ ^! pr$ictions or n40 ,b if he wi%$ to reason ju/ly & )\t evasion1 he ought r to h said1 8,we mu/ %[ t ^! ?+s 7 nev] pr$ict$1 or t ^? ?+s :i* 7 pr$ict$ ( ,*ri/ h nev] be5 fulfill$ 9 him10 & 9 t way he w\ld h e/abli%$ ! position :i* he holds4 ,9 t way x w\ld h be5 made pla9 :at ^? prophecies are :i* we apply to ,jesus1 & h[ ,celsus c\ld ju/ify himself 9 ass]t+ t t application 0 false4 ,& we %\ld ?us h se5 :e!r he fairly disprov$ all t we br+ f ! prophets 9 behalf ( ,jesus1 or :e!r he is himself convict$ ( a %ameless endeav\r to resi/ ! pla9e/ tru?s by viol5t ass]tions4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,aft] assum+ t "s ?+s 7 =etold :i* are impossible 9 !mselves1 & inconsi/5t ) ! "* ( ,god1 he says3 8,if ^! ?+s 7 pr$ict$ ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 are we b\nd to believe !m ( ,god simply because !y 7 pr$ict$80 ,& ?us he ?9ks he proves1 t al?\gh ! prophets may h =etold truly su* ?+s ( ! ,son ( ,god1 yet x is impossible = u to believe 9 ^? prophecies decl>+ t ,he w\ld d or suff] su* ?+s4 ,to ?is our answ] is t ! supposition is absurd1 = x comb9es two l9es ( reason+ :i* are oppos$ to ea* o!r1 & !re=e mutually de/ructive4 ,?is may be %[n z foll[s4 ,! "o argum5t is3 8,if any true prophets ( ! ,mo/ ,high say t ,god w become a slave1 or suff] sickness1 or die1 ^! ?+s w come to ,god2 = x is impossible t ! prophets ( ! great ,god %\ld utt] lies40 ,! o!r is3 8,if ev5 true prophets ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god say t ^! same ?+s %all come to pass1 see+ t ^! ?+s =etold are by ! nature ( ?+s impossible1 ! prophecies are n true1 & !re=e ^? ?+s :i* h be5 =etold w n happ5 to ,god40 ,:51 !n1 we f9d two processes ( reason+ 9 bo? ( :i* ! major premiss is ! same1 lead+ to two contradictory conclusions1 we use ! =m ( argum5t call$ 8! !orem ( two propositions10#adcc to prove t ! major premiss is false1 :i* 9 ! case be=e u is ?is1 8t ! prophets h =etold t ! great ,god %\ld become a slave1 suff] sickness1 or die40 ,we conclude1 !n1 t ! prophets nev] =etold su* ?+s2 & ! argum5t is =mally express$ z foll[s3 #a/1 ,( two ?+s1 if ! fir/ is true1 ! second is true2 #b;d1 if ! fir/ is#adcd true1 ! second is n true1 !re=e ! fir/ is n true4 ,! concrete example :i* ! ,/oics give to illu/rate ?is =m ( argum5t is ! foll[+3 #a/1 ,if y "k t y are dead1 y are dead2 #b;d1 if y "k t y are dead1 y are n dead4 ,& ! conclusion is--8y d n "k t y are dead40 ,^! propositions are work$ out z foll[s3 ,if y "k t y are dead1 t :i* y "k is c]ta92 !re=e y are dead4 ,aga91 if y "k t y are dead1 y\r dea? is an object ( k2 b z ! dead "k no?+1 y\r kn[+ ?is proves t y are n dead4 ,accord+ly1 by jo9+ ! two argum5ts toge!r1 y arrive at ! conclusion--8y d n "k t y are dead40 ,n[ ! hypo!sis ( ,celsus :i* we h giv5 above is mu* ( ! same k9d4 ,footnote #adcc3 4 ,footnote #adcd3 ,we foll[ ,b\h]eau & ,valesius1 :o expunge ! negative p>ticle 9 ?is clause4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,b besides1 ! prophecies :i* he introduces into 8 argum5t are v diff]5t f :at ! prophets actually =etold ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,= ! prophecies d n =etell t ,god w be crucifi$1 :5 !y say ( ,him :o %\ld suff]1 8,we beheld ,him1 & ,he _h no =m or comel9ess2 b ,8 =m 0 di%on\r$ & m>r$ m ?an ! sons ( m52 ,he 0 a man ( sorr[s1 & acqua9t$ ) grief40#adce ,obs]ve1 !n1 h[ di/9ctly !y say t x 0 a man :o %\ld endure ^! human suff]+s4 ,& ,jesus ,himself1 :o knew p]fectly t "o :o 0 to die mu/ be a man1 said to ,8 accus]s3 8,b n[ ye seek to kill me1 a man t ha? spok5 unto y ! tru? :i* ,i he>d ( ,god40#adcf ,& if 9 t man z ,he appe>$ among m5 !re 0 some?+ div9e1 namely ! only-begott5 ,son ( ,god1 ! fir/-born ( all creation1 "o :o said ( ,himself1 8,i am ! tru?10 8,i am ! life10 8,i am ! door10 8,i am ! way10 8,i am ! liv+ bread :i* came d[n f heav510 ( ?is ,be+ & ,8 nature we mu/ judge & reason 9 a way q diff]5t f t 9 :i* we judge ( ! man :o 0 se5 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,accord+ly1 y w f9d no ,*ri/ian1 h[ev] simple he may be1 & h[ev] little v]s$ 9 critical /udies1 :o w\ld say t ,he :o di$ 0 8! tru?10 8! life10 8! way10 8! liv+ bread :i* came d[n f heav510 8! resurrection20 = x 0 ,he :o appe>$ to u 9 ! =m ( ! man ,jesus1 :o taught u1 say+1 8,i am ! resurrection40 ,!re is no "o among/ u1 ,i say1 s extravagant z to affirm 8! ,life di$10 8! ,resurrection di$40 ,! supposition ( ,celsus w\ld h "s f\ndation if we 7 to say t x _h be5 =etold by ! prophets t dea? w\ld befall ,god ! ,^w1 ! ,tru?1 ! ,life1 ! ,resurrection1 or any o!r "n :i* is assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god4 ,footnote #adce3 ,isa4 liii4 #b1 #c4 ,footnote #adcf3 ,john viii4 #dj4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,9 "o po9t alone is ,celsus correct 9 8 /atem5ts on ?is subject4 ,x is t 9 :i* he says3 8,! prophets w\ld n =etell ?is1 because x involves t :i* is wick$ & impi\s10--namely1 t ! great ,god %\ld become a slave or suff] dea?4 ,b t :i* is pr$ict$ by ! prophets is wor?y ( ,god1 t ,he :o is ! brightness & express image ( ! div9e nature %\ld come into ! _w ) ! holy human s\l :i* 0 to animate ! body ( ,jesus1 to s[ ! se$ ( ,8 ^w1 :i* might br+ all :o receiv$ & *]i%$ x into union ) ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 & :i* w\ld lead to p]fect bless$ness all ^? :o felt )9 !m ! p[] ( ,god ! ,^w1 :o 0 to be 9 ! body & s\l ( a man4 ,he 0 to be 9 x inde$1 b n 9 su* a way z to conf9e !re9 all ! rays ( ,8 glory2 & we are n to suppose t ! light ( ,him :o is ,god ! ,^w is %$ =? 9 no o!r way ?an 9 ?is4 ,if1 !n1 we consid] ,jesus 9 relation to ! div9ity t 0 9 ,him1 ! ?+s :i* ,he did 9 ?is capacity pres5t no?+ to (f5d our ideas ( ,god1 no?+ b :at is holy2 & if we consid] ,him z man1 di/+ui%$ beyond all o!r m5 by an intimate communion ) ! ,et]nal ,^w1 ) absolute ,wisdom1 ,he suff]$ z "o :o 0 wise & p]fect1 :atev] x behov$ ,him to suff] :o did all = ! good ( ! human race1 yea1 ev5 = ! good ( all intellig5t be+s4 ,& !re is no?+ absurd 9 a man hav+ di$1 & 9 ,8 dea? be+ n only an example ( dea? endur$ = ! sake ( piety1 b also ! fir/ bl[ 9 ! conflict :i* is to ov]?r[ ! p[] ( t evil _s ! devil1 :o _h obta9$ dom9ion ov] ! :ole _w4 ,= we h signs & pl$ges ( ! de/ruction ( 8 empire1 9 ^? :o ?r\gh ! com+ ( ,*ri/ are ev]y:]e escap+ f ! p[] ( demons1 & :o1 aft] _! deliv]ance f ?is bondage 9 :i* !y 7 held1 consecrate !mselves to ,god1 & e>ne/ly devote !mselves day by day to advancem5t 9 a life ( piety4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,celsus adds3 8,w !y n besides make ?is reflection8 ,if ! prophets ( ! ,god ( ! ,jews =etold t he :o %\ld come into ! _w w\ld be ! ,son ( ?is same ,god1 h[ c\ld he comm& !m ?r\gh ,moses to ga!r weal?1 to ext5d _! dom9ion1 to fill ! e>?1 to put _! enemies ( e age to ! sword1 & to de/roy !m utt]ly1 :i* inde$ he himself did--z ,moses says--?reat5+ !m1 moreov]1 t if !y did n obey 8 comm&s1 he w\ld treat !m z 8 av[$ enemies2 :il/1 on ! o!r h&1 8 ,son1 ! man ( ,naz>e?1 promulgat$ laws q oppos$ to ^!1 decl>+ t no "o c come to ! ,fa!r :o loves p[]1 or ri*es1 or glory2 t m5 ought n to be m c>eful 9 provid+ food ?an ! rav5s2 t !y 7 to be less conc]n$ ab\t _! raim5t ?an ! lilies2 t to him :o has giv5 !m "o bl[1 !y %\ld (f] to receive ano!r8 ,:e!r is x ,moses or ,jesus :o tea*es falsely8 ,did ! ,fa!r1 :5 he s5t ,jesus1 =get ! comm&s :i* he _h giv5 to ,moses8 ,or did he *ange 8 m9d1 condemn 8 own laws1 & s5d =? a mess5g] ) c\nt] in/ructions80 ,celsus1 ) all 8 boa/s ( univ]sal k1 has "h fall5 into ! mo/ vulg> ( errors1 9 suppos+ t 9 ! law & ! prophets !re is n a mean+ deep] ?an t af=d$ by a lit]al r5d]+ ( ! words4 ,he does n see h[ manife/ly incr$ible x is t worldly ri*es %\ld be promis$ to ^? :o lead upright lives1 :5 x is a matt] ( common obs]vation t ! be/ ( m5 h liv$ 9 extreme pov]ty4 ,inde$1 ! prophets !mselves1 :o = ! purity ( _! lives receiv$ ! ,div9e ,_s1 8w&]$ ab\t 9 %eepsk9s & goatsk9s2 be+ de/itute1 afflict$1 torm5t$3 !y w&]$ 9 des]ts1 & 9 m\nta9s1 & 9 d5s & caves ( ! e>?40#adcg ,=1 z ! ,psalmi/ says1 8_m are ! afflictions ( ! righte\s40#adch ,if ,celsus _h read ! writ+s ( ,moses1 he w\ld1 ,i d>esay1 h suppos$ t :5 x is said to him :o kept ! law1 8,?\ %alt l5d unto _m nations1 & ?\ ?yself %alt n borr[10#adci ! promise is made to ! j man1 t 8 temporal ri*es %\ld be s abundant1 t he w\ld be able to l5d n only to ! ,jews1 n only to two or ?ree nations1 b 8to _m nations40 ,:at1 !n1 mu/ h be5 ! weal? :i* ! j man receiv$ accord+ to ! law = 8 righte\sness1 if he c\ld l5d to _m nations8 ,& mu/ we n suppose also1 9 accordance ) ?is int]pretation1 t ! j man w\ld nev] borr[ any?+8 ,= x is writt51 8& ?\ %alt ?yself borr[ no?+40 ,did !n t nation rema9 = s long a p]iod atta*$ to ! religion :i* 0 taught by ,moses1 :il/1 accord+ to ! supposition ( ,celsus1 !y saw !mselves s griev\sly deceiv$ by t lawgiv]8 ,= n[h]e is x said ( any "o t he 0 s ri* z to l5d to _m nations4 ,x is n to be believ$ t !y w\ld h f\ght s zeal\sly 9 def5ce ( a law ^: promises _h prov$ gl>+ly false1 if !y und]/ood !m 9 ! s5se :i* ,celsus gives to !m4 ,& if any "o %\ld say t ! s9s :i* are record$ to h be5 committ$ by ! p are a pro( t !y despis$ ! law1 d\btless f ! feel+ t !y _h be5 deceiv$ by x1 we may reply t we h only to read ! hi/ory ( ! times 9 ord] to f9d x %[n t ! :ole p1 aft] hav+ done t :i* 0 evil 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l1 return$ aft]w>ds to _! duty1 & to ! religion prescrib$ by ! law4 ,footnote #adcg3 ,heb4 xi4 #cg1 #ch4 ,footnote #adch3 ,ps4 xxxiv4 #ai4 ,footnote #adci3 ,deut4 xxviii4 #ab4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,n[ if ^! words 9 ! law1 8,?\ %alt h dom9ion ov] _m nations1 & no "o %all rule ov] !e10 7 simply a promise to !m ( dom9ion1 & if !y conta9 no deep] mean+ ?an ?is1 !n x is c]ta9 t ! p w\ld h _h /ill /rong] gr\nds = despis+ ! promises ( ! law4 ,celsus br+s =w>d ano!r passage1 al?\gh he *anges ! t]ms ( x1 :]e x is said t ! :ole e>? %all be fill$ ) ! ,hebrew race2 :i* inde$1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( hi/ory1 did actually happ5 aft] ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 al?\gh r z a result ( ,god's ang]1 if ,i may s say1 ?an ( ,8 bless+4 ,z to ! promise made to ! ,jews t !y %\ld slay _! enemies1 x may be answ]$ t any "o :o exam9es c>efully into ! mean+ ( ?is passage w f9d himself unable to int]pret x lit]ally4 ,x is suffici5t at pres5t to ref] to ! mann] 9 :i* 9 ! ,psalms ! j man is repres5t$ z say+1 among o!r ?+s1 8,e morn+ w ,i de/roy ! wick$ ( ! l&1 t ,i may cut (f all work]s ( iniquity f ! city ( ,jehovah40#addj ,judge1 !n1 f ! words & _s ( ! speak]1 :e!r x is conceivable t1 aft] hav+ 9 ! prec$+ "p ( ! ,psalm1 z any "o may read = himself1 utt]$ ! noble/ ?\ghts & purposes1 he %\ld 9 ! sequel1 accord+ to ! lit]al r5d]+ ( 8 words1 say t 9 ! morn+1 & at no o!r p]iod ( ! day1 he w\ld de/roy all s9n]s f ! e>?1 & leave none ( !m alive1 & t he w\ld slay e "o 9 ,j]usalem :o did iniquity4 ,& !re are _m simil> expressions to be f\nd 9 ! law1 z ?is1 = example3 8,we left n any?+ alive40#adda ,footnote #addj3 ,ps4 ci4 #i4 ,footnote #adda3 ,deut4 ii4 #cd4 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,celsus adds1 t x 0 =etold to ! ,jews1 t if !y did n obey ! law1 !y w\ld be treat$ 9 ! same way z !y treat$ _! enemies2 & !n he quotes f ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ "s precepts :i* he consid]s contr>y to ^? ( ! law1 & uses t z an argum5t aga9/ u4 ,b be=e proce$+ to ?is po9t1 we mu/ speak ( t :i* prec$es4 ,we hold1 !n1 t ! law has a tw(old s5se1--! "o lit]al1 ! o!r spiritual1--z has be5 %[n by "s be=e u4 ,( ! fir/ or lit]al s5se x is said1 n by u1 b by ,god1 speak+ 9 "o ( ! prophets1 t 8! /atutes are n good1 & ! judgm5ts n good20#addb :]eas1 tak5 9 a spiritual s5se1 ! same prophet makes ,god say t 8,8 /atutes are good1 & ,8 judgm5ts good40 ,yet evid5tly ! prophet is n say+ ?+s :i* are contradictory ( ea* o!r4 ,paul 9 l mann] says1 t 8! lett] kille?1 & ! _s give? life10#addc mean+ by 8! lett]0 ! lit]al s5se1 & by 8! _s0 ! spiritual s5se ( ,scripture4 ,we may !re=e f9d 9 ,paul1 z well z 9 ! prophet1 app>5t contradictions4 ,inde$1 if ,ezekiel says 9 "o place1 8,i gave !m comm&m5ts :i* 7 n good1 & judgm5ts :]eby !y %\ld n live10 & 9 ano!r1 8,i gave !m good comm&m5ts & judgm5ts1 :i* if a man %all d1 he %all live by !m10 ,paul 9 l mann]1 :5 he wi%es to disp>age ! law tak5 lit]ally1 says1 8,if ! m9i/ration ( dea?1 writt5 & engrav5 9 /ones1 0 glori\s1 s t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel c\ld n /$fa/ly behold ! face ( ,moses = ! glory ( 8 c\nt5ance1 :i* glory 0 to be done away1 h[ %all n ! m9i/ration ( ! ,_s be r glori\s80#addd ,b :5 9 ano!r place he wi%es to praise & recomm5d ! law1 he calls x 8spiritual10 & says1 8,we "k t ! law is spiritual20 &1 8,:]e=e ! law is holy1 & ! comm&m5t holy1 & j1 & good40#adde ,footnote #addb3 ,ezek4 xx4 #be4 ,footnote #addc3 #b ,cor4 iii4 #f4 ,footnote #addd3 #b ,cor4 iii4 #g1 #h4 ,footnote #adde3 ,rom4 vii4 #ab1 #ad4 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,:51 !n1 ! lett] ( ! law promises ri*es to ! j1 ,celsus may foll[ ! lett] :i* kille?1 & und]/& x ( worldly ri*es1 :i* bl9d m52 b we say t x ref]s to ^? ri*es :i* enlight5 ! eyes1 & :i* enri* a man 89 all utt]ance & 9 all k40 ,& 9 ?is s5se we 8*>ge !m t are ri* 9 ?is _w1 t !y be n high-m9d$1 nor tru/ 9 unc]ta9 ri*es1 b 9 ! liv+ ,god1 :o give? u ri*ly all ?+s to enjoy2 t !y d good1 t !y be ri* 9 good works1 ready to di/ribute1 will+ to communicate40#addf ,=1 z ,solomon says1 8ri*es0 are ! true good1 :i* 8are ! ransom ( ! life ( a man20 b ! pov]ty :i* is ! opposite ( ^! ri*es is de/ructive1 = by x 8! poor _c be> rebuke40#addg ,& :at has be5 said ( ri*es applies to dom9ion1 9 reg>d to :i* x is said1 8,! j man %all *ase a ?\s&1 & two put t5 ?\s& to flight40#addh ,n[ if ri*es are to be tak5 9 ! s5se we h j expla9$1 consid] if x is n accord+ to ,god's promise t he :o is ri* 9 all utt]ance1 9 all k1 9 all wisdom1 9 all good works1 may n out ( ^! treasures ( utt]ance1 ( wisdom1 & ( k1 l5d to _m nations4 ,x 0 ?us t ,paul l5t to all ! nations t he visit$1 8c>ry+ ! gospel ( ,*ri/ f ,j]usalem1 & r\nd ab\t unto ,illyricum40#addi ,& z ! div9e k 0 giv5 to him by revelation1 & 8 m9d 0 illum9$ by ! ,div9e ,^w1 he himself !re=e ne$$ to borr[ f no "o1 & requir$ n ! m9i/ry ( any man to tea* him ! ^w ( tru?4 ,?us1 z x _h be5 writt51 8,?\ %alt h dom9ion ov] _m nations1 & !y %all n h dom9ion ov] !e10 he rul$ ov] ! ,g5tiles :om he br\ght "u ! tea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 & he nev] 8gave place by subjection to m51 no1 n = an h\r10#adej z be+ himself mighti] ?an !y4 ,& ?us also he 8fill$ ! e>?40 ,footnote #addf3 #a ,tim4 vi4 #ag1 #ah4 ,footnote #addg3 ,prov4 xiii4 #h4 ,footnote #addh3 ,deut4 xxxii4 #cj4 ,footnote #addi3 ,rom4 xv4 #ai4 ,footnote #adej3 ,gal4 ii4 #e4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,if ,i mu/ n[ expla9 h[ ! j man 8slays 8 enemies10 & prevails ev]y:]e1 x is to be obs]v$ t1 :5 he says1 8,e morn+ w ,i de/roy ! wick$ ( ! l&1 t ,i may cut (f all work]s ( iniquity f ! city ( ,jehovah10 by 8! l&0 he means ! fle% ^: lu/s are at enmity ) ,god2 & by 8! city ( ,jehovah0 he designates 8 own s\l1 9 :i* 0 ! temple ( ,god1 conta9+ ! true idea & conception ( ,god1 :i* makes x to be admir$ by all :o look ^u x4 ,z soon1 !n1 z ! rays ( ! ,sun ( righte\sness %9e into 8 s\l1 feel+ /r5g!n$ & invigorat$ by _! influ5ce1 he sets himself to de/roy all ! lu/s ( ! fle%1 :i* are call$ 8! wick$ ( ! l&10 & drives out ( t city ( ! ,"l :i* is 9 8 s\l all ?\ghts :i* "w iniquity1 & all sugge/ions :i* are oppos$ to ! tru?4 ,& 9 ?is way also ! j give up to de/ruction all _! enemies1 :i* are _! vices1 s t !y d n sp>e ev5 ! *ildr51 t is1 ! e>ly beg9n+s & prompt+s ( evil4 ,9 ?is s5se also we und]/& ! language ( ! #acg? ,psalm3 8,o daught] ( ,babylon1 :o art to be de/roy$2 happy %all he be t rew>de? !e z ?\ ha/ s]v$ u3 happy %all he be t take? & da%e? ?y little ones aga9/ ! /ones40#adea ,= 8! little ones0 ( ,babylon 7:i* signifies confusion7 are ^? tr\blesome s9ful ?\ghts :i* arise 9 ! s\l2 & he :o subdues !m by /rik+1 z x 71 _! heads aga9/ ! firm & solid /r5g? ( reason & tru?1 is ! man :o 8da%e? ! little ones aga9/ ! /ones20 & he is !re=e truly bless$4 ,god may !re=e h comm&$ m5 to de/roy all _! vices utt]ly1 ev5 at _! bir?1 )\t hav+ enjo9$ any?+ contr>y to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/2 & ,he may ,himself h de/roy$ be=e ! eyes ( ^? :o 7 8,jews inw>dly0#adeb all ! (fspr+ ( evil z ,8 enemies4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 ^? :o disobey ! law & ^w ( ,god may well be comp>$ to ,8 enemies l$ a/ray by s92 & !y may well be said to suff] ! same fate z !y des]ve :o h prov$ traitors to ! tru? ( ,god4 ,footnote #adea3 ,ps4 cxxxvii4 #h1 #i4 ,footnote #adeb3 ,rom4 ii4 #bi4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,f :at has be5 said1 x is cle> !n t ,jesus1 8! man ( ,naz>e?10 did n promulgate laws oppos$ to ^? j consid]$ 9 reg>d to ri*es1 :5 ,he said1 8,x is h>d = ! ri* man to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god20#adec :e!r we take ! ^w 8ri*0 9 its simple/ s5se1 z ref]r+ to ! man ^: m9d is di/ract$ by 8 weal?1 &1 z x 71 entangl$ ) ?orns1 s t he br+s =? no spiritual fruit2 or :e!r x is ! man :o is ri* 9 ! s5se ( ab\nd+ 9 false notions1 ( :om x is writt5 9 ! ,prov]bs1 8,bett] is ! poor man :o is j1 ?an ! ri* man :o is false40#aded ,p]haps x is ! foll[+ passages :i* h l$ ,celsus to suppose t ,jesus =bids ambition to ,8 disciples3 8,:oev] ( y w be ! *iefe/ %all be s]vant ( all20#adee 8,! pr9ces ( ! ,g5tiles ex]cise dom9ion ov] !m10#adef & 8!y t ex]cise au?ority ^u !m are call$ b5efactors40#adeg ,b !re is no?+ "h inconsi/5t ) ! promise1 8,?\ %alt rule ov] _m nations1 & !y %all n rule ov] !e10 especially aft] ! explanation :i* we h giv5 ( ^! words4 ,celsus next ?r[s 9 an expression 9 reg>d to wisdom1 z ?\gh he ?\ght t1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 no wise man c\ld come to ! ,fa!r4 ,b we w\ld ask 9 :at s5se he speaks ( a wise man4 ,= if he means "o :o is wise 9 8! wisdom ( ?is _w10 z x is call$1 8:i* is fooli%ness ) ,god10#adeh !n we w\ld agree ) him 9 say+ t access to ! ,fa!r is d5i$ to "o :o is wise 9 t s5se4 ,b if by wisdom any "o means ,*ri/1 :o is 8! p[] & wisdom ( ,god10 f> f su* a wise man be+ refus$ access to ! ,fa!r1 we hold t he :o is adorn$ by ! ,holy ,_s ) t gift :i* is call$ 8! ^w ( wisdom10 f> excels all ^? :o h n receiv$ ! same grace4 ,footnote #adec3 ,matt4 xix4 #bc4 ,footnote #aded3 ,prov4 xxviii4 #f4 ,footnote #adee3 ,m>k x4 #dd4 ,footnote #adef3 ,matt4 xx4 #be4 ,footnote #adeg3 ,luke xxii4 #be4 ,footnote #adeh3 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ai4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,! pursuit ( human glory1 we ma9ta91 is =bidd5 n only by ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 b also by ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,accord+ly we f9d "o ( ! prophets1 :5 imprecat+ ^u himself c]ta9 puni%m5ts = ! commission ( c]ta9 s9s1 includes among ! puni%m5ts ?is "o ( e>?ly glory4 ,he says1 8,o ,"l my ,god1 if ,i h done ?is2 if !re be iniquity 9 my h&s2 if ,i h rew>d$ evil unto him t 0 at peace ) me2 7yea1 r1 ,i h deliv]$ him t )\t cause is m9e enemy27 let ! enemy p]secute my s\l1 & take x2 yea1 let him tread d[n my life ^u ! e>?1 & set my glory up on high40#adei ,& ^! precepts ( our ,"l1 8,take no ?\ght :at ye %all eat1 or :at ye %all dr9k4 ,behold ! f[ls ( ! air1 or behold ! rav5s3 = !y s[ n1 nei!r d !y reap2 yet y\r heav5ly ,fa!r fe$e? !m4 ,h[ mu* bett] are ye ?an !y6 ,& :y take ye ?\ght = raim5t8 ,consid] ! lilies ( ! field20#adfj--^! precepts1 & ^? :i* foll[1 are n inconsi/5t ) ! promis$ bless+s ( ! law1 :i* tea*es t ! j 8%all eat _! bread to ! full20#adfa nor ) t say+ ( ,solomon1 8,! righte\s eate? to ! satisfy+ ( 8 s\l1 b ! belly ( ! wick$ %all want40#adfb ,= we mu/ consid] ! food promis$ 9 ! law z ! food ( ! s\l1 :i* is to satisfy n bo? p>ts ( man's nature1 b ! s\l only4 ,& ! words ( ! ,gospel1 al?\gh probably conta9+ a deep] mean+1 may yet be tak5 9 _! m simple & obvi\s s5se1 z tea*+ u n to be di/urb$ ) anxieties ab\t our food & clo?+1 b1 :ile liv+ 9 pla9ness1 & desir+ only :at is ne$ful1 to put our tru/ 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god4 ,footnote #adei3 ,ps4 vii4 #c-e4 ,orig5 foll[s ! read+ in/ead ( 1 8make my glory abide 9 ! du/40 ,footnote #adfj3 ,matt4 vi4 #be-bh4 ,footnote #adfa3 ,lev4 xxvi4 #e4 ,footnote #adfb3 ,prov4 xiii4 #be4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,celsus !n extracts f ! ,gospel ! precept1 8,to him :o /rikes !e once1 ?\ %alt (f] ?yself to be /ruck aga910 al?\gh )\t giv+ any passage f ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* he consid]s oppos$ to x4 ,on ! "o h&1 we "k t 8x 0 said to !m 9 old "t1 ,an eye = an eye1 & a too? = a too?20#adfc & on ! o!r1 we h read1 8,i say unto y1 ,:oev] %all smite !e on ! "o *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also40#adfd ,b z !re is reason to believe t ,celsus produces ! objections :i* he has he>d f ^? :o wi% to make a diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,god ( ! gospel & ! ,god ( ! law1 we mu/ say 9 reply1 t ?is precept1 8,:osoev] %all /rike !e on ! "o *eek1 turn to him ! o!r10 is n unkn[n to ! old] ,scriptures4 ,= ?us1 9 ! ,lam5tations ( ,j]emiah1 x is said1 8,x is good = a man t he be>e? ! yoke 9 8 y\?3 he sitte? alone1 & keepe? sil5ce1 because he ha? borne x ^u him3 he give? 8 *eek to him t smite? him2 he is fill$ full ) reproa*40#adfe ,!re is no discrepancy1 !n1 betwe5 ! ,god ( ! gospel & ! ,god ( ! law1 ev5 :5 we take lit]ally ! precept reg>d+ ! bl[ on ! face4 ,s1 !n1 we inf] t nei!r 8,jesus nor ,moses has taught falsely40 ,! ,fa!r 9 s5d+ ,jesus did n 8=get ! comm&s :i* ,he _h giv5 to ,moses30 ,he did n 8*ange ,8 m9d1 condemn ,8 own laws1 & s5d by ,8 mess5g] c\nt] in/ructions40 ,footnote #adfc3 ,ex4 xxi4 #bd4 ,footnote #adfd3 ,matt4 v4 #ci4 ,footnote #adfe3 ,lam4 iii4 #bg1 #bi1 #cj4 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,h[ev]1 if we mu/ ref] briefly to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! con/itution :i* 0 giv5 to ! ,jews ( old by ,moses1 & t :i* ! ,*ri/ians1 "u ! direction ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 wi% n[ to e/abli%1 we w\ld obs]ve t x mu/ be impossible = ! legislation ( ,moses1 tak5 lit]ally1 to h>monize ) ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles1 & ) _! subjection to ! ,roman gov]nm5t2 & on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld be impossible = ! ,jews to pres]ve _! civil economy un*ang$1 suppos+ t !y %\ld embrace ! gospel4 ,= ,*ri/ians c\ld n slay _! enemies1 or condemn to be burn$ or /on$1 z ,moses comm&s1 ^? :o _h brok5 ! law1 & 7 !re=e condemn$ z des]v+ ( ^! puni%m5ts2 s9ce ! ,jews !mselves1 h[ev] desir\s ( c>ry+ out _! law1 are n able to inflict ^! puni%m5ts4 ,b 9 ! case ( ! anci5t ,jews1 :o _h a l& & a =m ( gov]nm5t ( _! own1 to take f !m ! "r ( mak+ w> ^u _! enemies1 ( fight+ = _! c\ntry1 ( putt+ to dea? or o!rwise puni%+ adult]]s1 murd]]s1 or o!rs :o 7 guilty ( simil> crimes1 w\ld be to subject !m to sudd5 & utt] de/ruction :5ev] ! enemy fell ^u !m2 = _! v laws w\ld 9 t case re/ra9 !m1 & prev5t !m f resi/+ ! enemy4 ,& t same provid5ce :i* ( old gave ! law1 & has n[ giv5 ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 n wi%+ ! ,jewi% /ate to cont9ue long]1 has de/roy$ _! city & _! temple3 x has aboli%$ ! wor%ip :i* 0 (f]$ to ,god 9 t temple by ! sacrifice ( victims1 & o!r c]emonies :i* ,he _h prescrib$4 ,& z x has de/roy$ ^! ?+s1 n wi%+ t !y %\ld long] cont9ue1 9 l mann] x has ext5d$ day by day ! ,*ri/ian religion1 s t x is n[ prea*$ ev]y:]e ) boldness1 & t 9 spite ( ! num]\s ob/acles :i* oppose ! spread ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 ! _w4 ,b s9ce x 0 ! purpose ( ,god t ! nations %\ld receive ! b5efits ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 all ! devices ( m5 aga9/ ,*ri/ians h be5 br\ght to n\ght2 = ! m t k+s1 & rul]s1 & peoples h p]secut$ !m ev]y:]e1 ! m h !y increas$ 9 numb] & gr[n 9 /r5g?4 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,aft] ?is ,celsus relates at l5g? op9ions :i* he ascribes to u1 b :i* we d n hold1 reg>d+ ! ,div9e ,be+1 to ! effect t 8he is corporeal 9 8 nature1 & possesses a body l a man40 ,z he und]takes to refute op9ions :i* are none ( ours1 x w\ld be ne$less to give ei!r ! op9ions !mselves or _! refutation4 ,inde$1 if we did hold ^? views ( ,god :i* he ascribes to u1 & :i* he opposes1 we w\ld be b\nd to quote 8 words1 to adduce our own argum5ts1 & to refute 84 ,b if he br+s =w>d op9ions :i* he has ei!r he>d f no "o1 or if x be assum$ t he has he>d !m1 x mu/ h be5 f ^? :o are v simple & ignorant ( ! mean+ ( ,scripture1 !n we ne$ n und]take s sup]flu\s a task z t ( refut+ !m4 ,= ! ,scriptures pla9ly speak ( ,god z ( a be+ )\t body4 ,h5ce x is said1 8,no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t20#adff & ! ,fir/-born ( all creation is call$ 8! image ( ! invisible ,god10#adfg :i* is ! same z if x 7 said t ,he is incorporeal4 ,h[ev]1 we h already said some?+ on ! nature ( ,god :ile exam9+ into ! mean+ ( ! words1 8,god is a ,_s1 & !y :o wor%ip ,him mu/ wor%ip ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?40 ,footnote #adff3 ,john i4 #ah4 ,footnote #adfg3 ,col4 i4 #ae4 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,aft] ?us misrepres5t+ our views ( ! nature ( ,god1 ,celsus goes on to ask ( u 8:]e we hope to g aft] dea?20 & he makes our answ] to be1 8to ano!r l& bett] ?an ?is40 ,on ?is he comm5ts z foll[s3 8,! div9e m5 ( a =m] age h spok5 ( a happy life res]v$ = ! s\ls ( ! bless$4 ,"s designat$ x #8! isles ( ! ble/1' & o!rs #8! ,elysian pla91' s call$ because !y 7 !re to be deliv]$ f _! pres5t evils4 ,?us ,hom] says3 #8,b ! gods %all s5d !e to ! ,elysian pla91 on ! bord]s ( ! e>?1 :]e !y lead a mo/ quiet life4'#adfh ,plato also1 :o believ$ 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 di/9ctly gives ! "n #8l&' to ! place :]e x is s5t4 #8,! ext5t ( x1'#adfi says he1 #8is imm5se1 & we only occupy a small portion ( x1 f ! ,phasis to ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules1 :]e we dwell along ! %ores ( ! sea1 z gras%opp]s & frogs beside a m>%4 ,b !re are _m o!r places inhabit$ 9 l mann] by o!r m54 ,= !re are 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>? cavities1 v>y+ 9 =m & 9 magnitude1 into :i* run wat]1 & cl\ds1 & air4 ,b t l& :i* is pure lies 9 ! pure region ( heav54'0 ,celsus !re=e supposes t :at we say ( a l& :i* is mu* bett] & m excell5t ?an ?is1 has be5 borr[$ f c]ta9 anci5t writ]s :om he /yles 8div9e10 & *iefly f ,plato1 :o 9 8 ,phdon disc\rses on ! pure l& ly+ 9 a pure heav54 ,b he does n see t ,moses1 :o is mu* old] ?an ! ,greek lit]ature1 introduces ,god z promis+ to ^? :o liv$ accord+ to ,8 law ! holy l&1 :i* is 8a good l& & a l>ge1 a l& fl[+ ) milk & honey20#adgj :i* promise is n to be und]/ood to ref]1 z "s suppose1 to t "p ( ! e>? :i* we call ,juda2 = x1 h[ev] good x may be1 /ill =ms "p ( ! e>?1 :i* 0 orig9ally curs$ = ! transgression ( ,adam4 ,= ^! words1 8,curs$ %all ! gr\nd be = :at ?\ ha/ done2 ) grief1 t is1 ) lab\r1 %alt ?\ eat ( ! fruit ( x all ! days ( ?y life10#adga 7 spok5 ( ! :ole e>?1 ! fruit ( :i* e man :o di$ 9 ,adam eats ) sorr[ or lab\r all ! days ( 8 life4 ,& z all ! e>? has be5 curs$1 x br+s =? ?orns & bri]s all ! days ( ! life ( ^? :o 9 ,adam 7 driv5 out ( p>adise2 & 9 ! sweat ( 8 face e man eats bread until he returns to ! gr\nd f :i* he 0 tak54 ,= ! full exposition ( all t is conta9$ 9 ?is passage mu* might be said2 b we h conf9$ ourselves to ^! few words at pres5t1 :i* are int5d$ to remove ! idea1 t :at is said ( ! good l& promis$ by ,god to ! righte\s1 ref]s to ! l& ( ,juda4 ,footnote #adfh3 ,odys4 iv4 #efc4 ,footnote #adfi3 ,phdon1 p4 #aji4 ,footnote #adgj3 ,ex4 iii4 #h4 ,footnote #adga3 ,g54 iii4 #ag4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,if1 !n1 ! :ole e>? has be5 curs$ 9 ! de$s ( ,adam & ( ^? :o di$ 9 him1 x is pla9 t all p>ts ( ! e>? %>e 9 ! curse1 & among o!rs ! l& ( ,juda2 s t ! words1 8a good l& & a l>ge1 a l& fl[+ ) milk & honey10 _c apply to x1 al?\gh we may say ( x1 t bo? ,juda & ,j]usalem 7 ! %ad[ & figure ( t pure l&1 goodly & l>ge1 9 ! pure region ( heav51 9 :i* is ! heav5ly ,j]usalem4 ,& x is 9 ref]5ce to ?is ,j]usalem t ! apo/le spoke1 z "o :o1 8be+ ris5 ) ,*ri/1 & seek+ ^? ?+s :i* are above10 _h f\nd a tru? :i* =m$ no "p ( ! ,jewi% my?ology4 8,ye are come10 says he1 8unto ,m\nt ,sion1 & unto ! city ( ! liv+ ,god1 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 & to an innum]able company ( angels40#adgb ,& 9 ord] to be assur$ t our explanation ( 8! good & l>ge l&0 ( ,moses is n contr>y to ! int5tion ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 we h only to read 9 all ! prophets :at !y say ( ^? :o1 aft] hav+ left ,j]usalem1 & w&]$ a/ray f x1 %\ld aft]w>ds return & be settl$ 9 ! place :i* is call$ ! habitation & city ( ,god1 z 9 ! words1 8,8 dwell+ is 9 ! holy place20#adgc &1 8,great is ! ,"l1 & greatly to be prais$ 9 ! city ( our ,god1 9 ! m\nta9 ( ,8 hol9ess1 beautiful = situation1 ! joy ( ! :ole e>?40#adgd ,x is en\gh at pres5t to quote ! words ( ! ?irty-sev5? ,psalm1 :i* speaks ?us ( ! l& ( ! righte\s1 8,^? t wait ^u ! ,"l1 !y %all inh]it ! e>?20 & a little aft]1 8,b ! meek %all inh]it ! e>?1 & %all delight !mselves 9 ! abundance ( peace20 & aga91 8,^? :o bless ,him %all inh]it ! e>?20 &1 8,! righte\s %all inh]it ! l&1 & dwell !re9 = ev]40#adge ,& consid] :e!r x is n evid5t to intellig5t read]s t ! foll[+ words f ?is same ,psalm ref] to ! pure l& 9 ! pure heav53 8,wait on ! ,"l1 & keep ,8 way2 & ,he %all exalt !e to inh]it ! l&40 ,footnote #adgb3 ,heb4 xii4 #bb4 ,footnote #adgc3 ,ps4 lxxvi4 #b2 ,engli% v]sion1 8,9 ,salem is ,8 tab]nacle40 ,footnote #adgd3 ,ps4 xlviii4 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #adge3 ,ps4 xxxvii4 #i1 #aa1 #bb1 #bi1 #cd4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,x seems to me also t t fancy ( ,plato1 t ^? /ones :i* we call preci\s /ones d]ive _! lu/re f a reflection1 z x 71 ( ! /ones 9 t bett] l&1 is tak5 f ! words ( ,isaiah 9 describ+ ! city ( ,god1 8,i w make ?y battlem5ts ( jasp]1 ?y /ones %all be cry/al1 & ?y bord]s ( preci\s /ones20#adgf &1 8,i w lay ?y f\ndations ) sapphires40 ,^? :o hold 9 greate/ rev]5ce ! tea*+ ( ,plato1 expla9 ?is my? ( 8 z an allegory4 ,& ! prophecies f :i*1 z we conjecture1 ,plato has borr[$1 w be expla9$ by ^? :o1 lead+ a godly life l t ( ! prophets1 devote all _! "t to ! /udy ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 to ^? :o are qualifi$ to le>n by purity ( life1 & _! desire to advance 9 div9e k4 ,= our "p1 our purpose has be5 simply to say t :at we affirm ( t sacr$ l& has n be5 tak5 f ,plato or any ( ! ,greeks1 b t !y r--liv+ z !y did n only aft] ,moses1 :o 0 ! olde/1 b ev5 aft] mo/ ( ! prophets--borr[$ f !m1 & 9 s do+ ei!r misund]/ood _! obscure intimations on su* subjects1 or else endeav\r$1 9 _! allusions to ! bett] l&1 to imitate ^? portions ( ,scripture :i* _h fall5 into _! h&s4 ,haggai expressly makes a di/9ction betwe5 ! e>? & ! dry l&1 mean+ by ! latt] ! l& 9 :i* we live4 ,he says3 8,yet once1 & ,i w %ake ! heav5s & ! e>?1 & ! dry l&1 & ! sea40#adgg ,footnote #adgf3 ,isa4 liv4 #ab1 #aa4 ,footnote #adgg3 ,hagg4 ii4 #f4 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,ref]r+ to ! passage 9 ! ,phdon ( ,plato1 ,celsus says3 8,x is n easy = e "o to und]/& ! mean+ ( ,plato's words1 :5 he says t on acc\nt ( our weakness & sl[ness we are unable to rea* ! highe/ region ( ! air2 b t if our nature 7 capable ( s sublime a contemplation1 we w\ld !n be able to und]/& t t is ! true heav51 & t ! true light40 ,z ,celsus has def]r$ to ano!r opportunity ! explanation ( ,plato's idea1 we also ?9k t x does n fall )9 our purpose at pres5t to ent] into any full description ( t holy & good l&1 & ( ! city ( ,god :i* is 9 x2 b res]ve ! consid]ation ( x = our ,comm5t>y on ! ,prophets1 hav+ already 9 "p1 accord+ to our p[]1 treat$ ( ! city ( ,god 9 our rem>ks on ! =ty-six? & =ty-eigh? ,psalms4 ,! writ+s ( ,moses & ! prophets--! mo/ anci5t ( all books--tea* u t all ?+s "h on e>? :i* are 9 common use among m51 h o!r ?+s correspond+ to !m 9 "n :i* are alone real4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 !re is ! true light1 & ano!r heav5 beyond ! firmam5t1 & a ,sun ( righte\sness o!r ?an ! sun we see4 ,9 a ^w1 to di/+ui% ^? ?+s f ! objects ( s5se1 :i* h no true reality1 !y say ( ,god t 8,8 works are tru?20#adgh ?us mak+ a di/9ction betwe5 ! works ( ,god & ! works ( ,god's h&s1 :i* latt] are ( an inf]ior sort4 ,accord+ly1 ,god 9 ,isaiah compla9s ( m51 t 8!y reg>d n ! works ( ! ,"l1 nor consid] ! op]ation ( ,8 h&s40#adgi ,b en\gh on ?is po9t4 ,footnote #adgh3 ,dan4 iv4 #cg4 ,footnote #adgi3 ,isa4 v4 #ab4 ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,celsus next assails ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection1 :i* is a high & difficult doctr9e1 & "o :i* m ?an o!rs requires a high & advanc$ degree ( wisdom to set =? h[ wor?y x is ( ,god2 & h[ sublime a tru? x is :i* tea*es u t !re is a sem9al pr9ciple lodg$ 9 t :i* ,scripture speaks ( z ! 8tab]nacle0 ( ! s\l1 9 :i* ! righte\s 8d groan1 be+ burd5$1 n = t !y w\ld be unclo!d1 b clo!d ^u40#adhj ,celsus ridicules ?is doctr9e because he does n und]/& x1 & because he has le>nt x f ignorant p]sons1 :o 7 unable to support x on any reasonable gr\nds4 ,x w be pr(itable1 !re=e1 t 9 addition to :at we h said above1 we %\ld make ?is "o rem>k4 ,our tea*+ on ! subject ( ! resurrection is n1 z ,celsus imag9es1 d]iv$ f any?+ t we h he>d on ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis2 b we "k t ! s\l1 :i* is immat]ial & invisible 9 its nature1 exi/s 9 no mat]ial place1 )\t hav+ a body suit$ to ! nature ( t place4 ,accord+ly1 x at "o "t puts (f "o body :i* 0 necess>y be=e1 b :i* is no long] adequate 9 its *ang$ /ate1 & x ex*anges x = a second2 & at ano!r "t x assumes ano!r 9 addition to ! =m]1 :i* is ne$$ z a bett] cov]+1 suit$ to ! pur] e!rial regions ( heav54 ,:5 x comes into ! _w at bir?1 x ca/s (f ! integum5ts :i* x ne$$ 9 ! womb2 & be=e do+ ?is1 x puts on ano!r body suit$ = its life ^u e>?4 ,!n1 aga91 z !re is 8a tab]nacle0 & 8an e>?ly h\se0 :i* is 9 "s sort necess>y = ?is tab]nacle1 ,scripture tea*es u t 8! e>?ly h\se ( ?is tab]nacle %all be dissolv$10 b t ! tab]nacle %all 8be clo!d ^u ) a h\se n made ) h&s1 et]nal 9 ! heav5s40#adha ,! m5 ( ,god say also t 8! corruptible %all put on incorruption10#adhb :i* is a diff]5t ?+ f 8! incorruptible20 & 8! mortal %all put on immortality10 :i* is diff]5t f 8! immortal40 ,inde$1 :at 8wisdom0 is to 8! wise10 & 8ju/ice0 to 8! j10 & 8peace0 to 8! peaceable10 ! same relation does 8incorruption0 hold to 8! incorruptible10 & 8immortality0 to 8! immortal40 ,behold1 !n1 to :at a prospect ,scripture enc\rages u to look1 :5 x speaks to u ( be+ clo!d ) incorruption & immortality1 :i* are1 z x 71 ve/m5ts :i* w n suff] ^? :o are cov]$ ) !m to come to corruption or dea?4 ,?us f> ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty ( ref]r+ to ?is subject1 9 answ] to "o :o assails ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection )\t und]/&+ x1 & :o1 simply because he knew no?+ ab\t x1 made x ! object ( contempt & ridicule4 ,footnote #adhj3 #b ,cor4 v4 #a1 #d4 ,footnote #adha3 #b ,cor4 v4 #a4 ,footnote #adhb3 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ec4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,z ,celsus supposes t we uphold ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection 9 ord] t we may see & "k ,god1 he ?us foll[s out 8 notions on ! subject3 8,aft] !y h be5 utt]ly refut$ & vanqui%$1 !y /ill1 z if reg>dless ( all objections1 come back aga9 to ! same "q1 #8,h[ !n %all we see & "k ,god8 h[ %all we g to ,him8'0 ,let any1 h[ev]1 :o are dispos$ to he> u obs]ve1 t if we h ne$ ( a body = o!r purposes1 z = occupy+ a mat]ial locality to :i* ?is body mu/ be adapt$1 & if on t acc\nt ! 8tab]nacle0 is clo!d 9 ! way we h %[n1 we h no ne$ ( a body 9 ord] to "k ,god4 ,= t :i* sees ,god is n ! eye ( ! body2 x is ! m9d :i* is made 9 ! image ( ! ,creator1#adhc & :i* ,god has 9 ,8 provid5ce r5d]$ capable ( t k4 ,to see ,god belongs to ! pure he>t1 out ( :i* no long] proce$ 8evil ?\ghts1 murd]s1 adult]ies1 =nications1 !fts1 false witness1 blasphemies1 ! evil eye10#adhd or any o!r evil ?+4 ,:]e=e x is said1 8,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see ,god40#adhe ,b z ! /r5g? ( our w is n suffici5t to procure ! p]fectly pure he>t1 & z we ne$ t ,god %\ld create x1 he !re=e :o prays z he ought1 (f]s ?is petition to ,god1 8,create 9 me a clean he>t1 ,o ,god40#adhf ,footnote #adhc3 ,b\hreau foll[s ! read+1 8! m9d :i* sees :at is made 9 ! image ( ! ,creator40 ,footnote #adhd3 ,matt4 xv4 #ai & vi4 #bc4 ,footnote #adhe3 ,matt4 v4 #h4 ,footnote #adhf3 ,ps4 li4 #aj4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,& we d n ask ! "q1 8,h[ %all we g to ,god80 z ?\gh we ?\ght t ,god exi/$ 9 "s place4 ,god is ( too excell5t a nature = any place3 ,he holds all ?+s 9 ,8 p[]1 & is ,himself n conf9$ by any?+ :atev]4 ,! precept1 !re=e1 8,?\ %alt walk aft] ! ,"l ?y ,god10#adhg does n comm& a bodily approa* to ,god2 nei!r does ! prophet ref] to physical ne>ness to ,god1 :5 he says 9 8 pray]1 8,my s\l foll[e? h>d aft] ,!e40#adhh ,celsus !re=e misrepres5ts u1 :5 he says t we expect to see ,god ) our bodily eyes1 to he> ,him ) our e>s1 & to t\* ,him s5sibly ) our h&s4 ,we "k t ! holy ,scriptures make m5tion ( eyes1 ( e>s1 & ( h&s1 :i* h no?+ b ! "n 9 common ) ! bodily organs2 & :at is m wond]ful1 !y speak ( a div9] s5se1 :i* is v diff]5t f ! s5ses z commonly spok5 (4 ,= :5 ! prophet says1 8,op5 ,?\ m9e eyes1 t ,i may behold wondr\s ?+s out ( ,?y law10#adhi or1 8,! comm&m5t ( ! ,"l is pure1 enlight5+ ! eyes10#adij or1 8,light5 m9e eyes1 le/ ,i sleep ! sleep ( dea?10#adia no "o is s fooli% z to suppose t ! eyes ( ! body behold ! wond]s ( ! div9e law1 or t ! law ( ! ,"l gives light to ! bodily eyes1 or t ! sleep ( dea? falls on ! eyes ( ! body4 ,:5 our ,savi\r says1 8,he t ha? e>s to he>1 let him he>10#adib any "o w und]/& t ! e>s spok5 ( are ( a div9] k9d4 ,:5 x is said t ! ^w ( ! ,"l 0 89 ! h&0 ( ,j]emiah or ( "s o!r prophet2 or :5 ! expression is us$1 8! law by ! h& ( ,moses10 or1 8,i s\ght ! ,"l ) my h&s1 & 0 n deceiv$10#adic--no "o is s fooli% z n to see t ! ^w 8h&s0 is tak5 figuratively1 z :5 ,john says1 8,our h&s h h&l$ ! ,^w ( life40#adid ,& if y wi% fur!r to le>n f ! sacr$ writ+s t !re is a div9] s5se ?an ! s5ses ( ! body1 y h only to he> :at ,solomon says1 8,?\ %alt f9d a div9e s5se40#adie ,footnote #adhg3 ,deut4 xiii4 #d4 ,footnote #adhh3 ,ps4 lxiii4 #h4 ,footnote #adhi3 ,ps4 cxix4 #ah4 ,footnote #adij3 ,ps4 xix4 #h4 ,footnote #adia3 ,ps4 xiii4 #c4 ,footnote #adib3 ,matt4 xiii4 #i4 ,footnote #adic3 ,ps4 lxxvii4 #b1 accord+ to ! ,,lxx4 ,footnote #adid3 #a ,john i4 #a4 ,footnote #adie3 ,prov4 ii4 #e4 ,e4 ,v4 & ,,lxx41 8,?\ %alt f9d ! k ( ,god40 ,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,seek+ ,god1 !n1 9 ?is way1 we h no ne$ to visit ! oracles ( ,trophonius1 ( ,amphi>aus1 & ( ,mopsus1 to :i* ,celsus w\ld s5d u1 assur+ u t we w\ld !re 8see ! gods 9 human =m1 appe>+ to u ) all di/9ctness1 & )\t illusion40 ,= we "k t ^! are demons1 fe$+ on ! blood1 & smoke1 & od\r ( victims1 & %ut up by _! base desires 9 prisons1 :i* ! ,greeks call temples ( ! gods1 b :i* we "k are only ! dwell+s ( deceitful demons4 ,to ?is ,celsus malici\sly adds1 9 reg>d to ^! gods :i*1 accord+ to him1 are 9 human =m1 8!y d n %[ !mselves = once1 or at int]vals1 l him :o has deceiv$ m51 b !y are ev] op5 to int]c\rse ) ^? :o desire x40 ,f ?is rem>k1 x w\ld seem t ,celsus supposes t ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ to ,8 disciples aft] ,8 resurrection 0 l t ( a spectre flitt+ be=e _! eyes2 :]eas ^! gods1 z he calls !m1 9 human %ape always pres5t !mselves to ^? :o desire x4 ,b h[ is x possible t a phantom :i*1 z he describes x1 flew pa/ to deceive ! behold]s1 c\ld produce su* effects aft] x _h pass$ away1 & c\ld s turn ! he>ts ( m5 z to lead !m to regulate _! actions accord+ to ! w ( ,god1 z 9 view ( be+ h]eaft] judg$ by ,him8 ,& h[ c\ld a phantom drive away demons1 & %[ o!r indisputable evid5ces ( p[]1 & t n 9 any "o place1 l ^! s-call$ gods 9 human =m1 b mak+ its div9e p[] felt ?r\gh ! :ole _w1 9 draw+ & congregat+ toge!r all :o are f\nd dispos$ to lead a good & noble life8 ,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,aft] ^! rem>ks ( ,celsus1 :i* we h endeav\r$ to answ] z we c\ld1 he goes on to say1 speak+ ( u3 8,aga9 !y w ask1 #8,h[ c we "k ,god1 unless by ! p]ception ( ! s5ses8 = h[ o!rwise ?an ?r\gh ! s5ses are we able to ga9 any k8'0 ,to ?is he replies3 8,?is is n ! language ( a man2 x comes n f ! s\l1 b f ! fle%4 ,let !m he>k5 to u1 if su* a spiritless & c>nal race are able to d s3 if1 in/ead ( ex]cis+ ! s5ses1 y look upw>ds ) ! s\l2 if1 turn+ away ! eye ( ! body1 y op5 ! eye ( ! m9d1 ?us & ?us only w y be able to see ,god4 ,& if y seek "o to be y\r guide along ?is way1 y mu/ %un all deceiv]s & juggl]s1 :o w introduce y to phantoms4 ,o!rwise y w be act+ ! mo/ ridicul\s "p1 if1 :il/ y pron\nce imprecations ^u ^? o!rs t are recognis$ z gods1 treat+ !m z idols1 y yet d homage to a m wret*$ idol ?an any ( ^!1 :i* inde$ is n ev5 an idol or a phantom1 b a dead man1 & y seek a fa!r l to him40 ,! fir/ rem>k :i* we h to make on ?is passage is 9 reg>d to 8 use ( p]sonification1 by :i* he makes u def5d 9 ?is way ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection4 ,?is figure ( spee* is prop]ly employ$ :5 ! "* & s5tim5ts ( ! p]son introduc$ are fai?fully pres]v$2 b x is an abuse ( ! figure :5 ^! d n agree ) ! "* & op9ions ( ! speak]4 ,?us we %\ld ju/ly condemn a man :o put into ! m\?s ( b>b>ians1 slaves1 or un$ucat$ p ! language ( philosophy2 because we "k t ! philosophy belong$ to ! au?or1 & n to su* p]sons1 :o c\ld n "k any?+ ( philosophy4 ,& 9 l mann] we %\ld condemn a man = introduc+ p]sons :o are repres5t$ z wise & well v]s$ 9 div9e k1 & %\ld make !m give expression to language :i* c\ld only come out ( ! m\?s ( ^? :o are ignorant or "u ! influ5ce ( vulg> passions4 ,h5ce ,hom] is admir$1 among o!r ?+s1 = pres]v+ a consi/5cy ( "* 9 8 h]oes1 z 9 ,ne/or1 ,ulysses1 ,diom$e1 ,agamemnon1 ,telema*us1 ,p5elope1 & ! re/4 ,euripides1 on ! contr>y1 0 assail$ 9 ! com$ies ( ,ari/ophanes z a frivol\s talk]1 (t5 putt+ into ! m\? ( a b>b>ian woman1 a wret*$ slave1 ! wise maxims :i* he _h le>n$ f ,anaxagoras or "s o!r philosoph]s4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,n[ if ?is is a true acc\nt ( :at con/itutes ! "r & ! wrong use ( p]sonification1 h we n gr\nds = hold+ ,celsus up to ridicule = ?us ascrib+ to ,*ri/ians words :i* !y nev] utt]$8 ,= if ^? :om he repres5ts z speak+ are ! unle>n$1 h[ is x possible t su* p]sons c\ld di/+ui% betwe5 8s5se0 & 8reason10 betwe5 8objects ( s5se0 & 8objects ( ! reason80 ,to argue 9 ?is way1 !y w\ld require to h /udi$ "u ! ,/oics1 :o d5y all intellectual exi/5ces1 & ma9ta9 t all t we appreh5d is appreh5d$ ?r\gh ! s5ses1 & t all k comes ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 he puts ^! words into ! m\? ( philosoph]s :o se>* c>efully into ! mean+ ( ,*ri/ian doctr9es1 ! /atem5ts 9 "q d n agree ) _! "* & pr9ciples4 ,= no "o :o has le>nt t ,god is invisible1 & t c]ta9 ( ,8 works are invisible1 t is to say1 appreh5d$ by ! reason1#adif c say1 z if to ju/ify 8 fai? 9 a resurrection1 8,h[ c !y "k ,god1 except by ! p]ception ( ! s5ses80 or1 8,h[ o!rwise ?an ?r\gh ! s5ses c !y ga9 any k80 ,= x is n 9 any secret writ+s1 p]us$ only by a few wise m51 b 9 su* z are mo/ widely diffus$ & mo/ commonly kn[n among ! p1 t ^! words are writt53 8,! invisible ?+s ( ,god f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made40#adig ,f :5ce x is to be inf]r$1 t ?\gh m5 :o live ^u ! e>? h to beg9 ) ! use ( ! s5ses ^u s5sible objects1 9 ord] to g on f !m to a k ( ! nature ( ?+s intellectual1 yet _! k mu/ n /op %ort ) ! objects ( s5se4 ,& ?us1 :ile ,*ri/ians w\ld n say t x is impossible to h a k ( intellectual objects )\t ! s5ses1 b r t ! s5ses supply ! fir/ means ( obta9+ k1 !y might well ask ! "q1 8,:o c ga9 any k )\t ! s5ses80 )\t des]v+ ! abuse ( ,celsus1 :5 he adds1 8,?is is n ! language ( a man2 x comes n f ! s\l1 b f ! fle%40 ,footnote #adif3 1 fall+ "u ! prov9ce ( 1 ! reason4 ,= conv5i5ce1 we translate x else:]e 8intellectual40 ,footnote #adig3 ,rom4 i4 #bj4 ,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,s9ce we hold t ! great ,god is 9 ess5ce simple1 invisible1 & incorporeal1 ,himself pure intellig5ce1 or some?+ transc5d+ intellig5ce & exi/5ce1 we c nev] say t ,god is appreh5d$ by any o!r means ?an ?r\gh ! intellig5ce :i* is =m$ 9 ,8 image1 ?\gh n[1 9 ! words ( ,paul1 8we see 9 a glass obscurely1 b !n face to face40#adih ,& if we use ! expression 8face to face10 let no "o p]v]t its mean+2 b let x be expla9$ by ?is passage1 8,behold+ ) op5 face ! glory ( ! ,"l1 we are *ang$ into ! same image1 f glory to glory10 :i* %[s t we d n use ! ^w 9 ?is connection to mean ! visible face1 b take x figuratively1 9 ! same way z we h %[n t ! eyes1 ! e>s1 & ! o!r p>ts ( ! body are employ$4 ,& x is c]ta9 t a man--,i mean a s\l us+ a body1 o!rwise call$ 8! inn] man10 or simply 8! s\l0--w\ld answ]1 n z ,celsus makes u answ]1 b z ! man ( ,god himself tea*es4 ,x is c]ta9 also t a ,*ri/ian w n make use ( 8! language ( ! fle%10 hav+ le>nt z he has 8to mortify ! de$s ( ! body0#adii by ! _s1 & 8to be> ab\t 9 8 body ! dy+ ( ,jesus20#aejj & 8mortify y\r memb]s :i* are on ! e>?10#aeja & ) a true k ( ^! words1 8,my ,_s %all n always /rive ) man1 = t he also is fle%10#aejb & aga91 8,!y t are 9 ! fle% _c please ,god10#aejc he /rives 9 e way to live no long] accord+ to ! fle%1 b only accord+ to ! ,_s4 ,footnote #adih3 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #ab4 ,footnote #adii3 ,rom4 viii4 #ac4 ,footnote #aejj3 #b ,cor4 iv4 #aj4 ,footnote #aeja3 ,col4 iii4 #e4 ,footnote #aejb3 ,g54 vi4 #c4 ,footnote #aejc3 ,rom4 viii4 #h4 ,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,n[ let u he> :at x is t he invites u to le>n1 t we may asc]ta9 f him h[ we are to "k ,god1 al?\gh he ?9ks t 8 words are beyond ! capacity ( all ,*ri/ians4 8,let !m he>10 says he1 8if !y are able to d s40 ,we h !n to consid] :at ! philosoph] wi%es u to he> f him4 ,b in/ead ( in/ruct+ u z he ought1 he abuses u2 & :ile he %\ld h %[n 8 goodwill to ^? :om he addresses at ! outset ( 8 disc\rse1 he /igmatizes z 8a c[>dly race0 m5 :o w\ld r die ?an abjure ,*ri/ianity ev5 by a ^w1 & :o are ready to suff] e =m ( torture1 or any k9d ( dea?4 ,he also applies to u ! epi!t 8c>nal0 or 8fle%-indulg+10 8al?\gh10 z we are wont to say1 8we h kn[n ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 yet n[ h5ce=? we "k ,him no m10#aejd & al?\gh we are s ready to lay d[n our lives = ! cause ( religion1 t no philosoph] c\ld lay aside 8 robes m readily4 ,he !n addresses to u ^! words3 8,if1 in/ead ( ex]cis+ y\r s5ses1 y look upw>ds ) ! s\l2 if1 turn+ away ! eye ( ! body1 y op5 ! eye ( ! m9d1 ?us & ?us only y w be able to see ,god40 ,he is n aw>e t ?is ref]5ce to ! two eyes1 ! eye ( ! body & ! eye ( ! m9d1 :i* he has borr[$ f ! ,greeks1 0 9 use among our own writ]s2 = ,moses1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! _w1 introduces man be=e 8 transgression z bo? see+ & n see+3 see+1 :5 x is said ( ! woman1 8,! woman saw t ! tree 0 good = food1 & t x 0 pleasant to ! eyes1 & a tree to be desir$ to make "o wise20#aeje & aga9 n see+1 z :5 he introduces ! s]p5t say+ to ! woman1 z if %e & h] husb& _h be5 bl9d1 8,god kn[s t on ! day t ye eat !re( y\r eyes %all be op5$20#aejf & also :5 x is said1 8,!y did eat1 & ! eyes ( bo? ( !m 7 op5$40#aejg ,! eyes ( s5se 7 !n op5$1 :i* !y _h done well to keep %ut1 t !y might n be di/ract$1 & h9d]$ f see+ ) ! eyes ( ! m9d2 & x 0 ^? eyes ( ! m9d :i* 9 consequ5ce ( s91 z ,i imag9e1 7 !n clos$1 ) :i* !y _h up to t "t enjoy$ ! delight ( behold+ ,god & ,8 p>adise4 ,?is tw(old k9d ( vision 9 u 0 famili> to our ,savi\r1 :o says1 8,= judgm5t ,i am come into ?is _w1 t !y :i* see n might see1 & t !y :i* see might be made bl9d10#aejh--mean+ by ! eyes t see n ! eyes ( ! m9d1 :i* are enlight5$ by ,8 tea*+2 & ! eyes :i* see are ! eyes ( s5se1 :i* ,8 words d r5d] bl9d1 9 ord] t ! s\l may look )\t di/raction ^u prop] objects4 ,all true ,*ri/ians !re=e h ! eye ( ! m9d %>p5$1 & ! eye ( s5se clos$2 s t ea* "o1 accord+ to ! degree 9 :i* 8 bett] eye is quick5$1 & ! eye ( s5se d>k5$1 sees & kn[s ! ,supreme ,god1 & ,8 ,son1 :o is ! ,^w1 ,wisdom1 & s =?4 ,footnote #aejd3 #b ,cor4 v4 #af4 ,footnote #aeje3 ,g54 iii4 #f4 ,footnote #aejf3 ,g54 iii4 #e4 ,footnote #aejg3 ,g54 iii4 #g4 ,footnote #aejh3 ,john ix4 #ci4 ,*apt] ,,xl4 ,next to ! rem>ks ( ,celsus on :i* we h already comm5t$1 come o!rs :i* he addresses to all ,*ri/ians1 b :i*1 if applicable to any1 ought to be address$ to p]sons ^: doctr9es diff] entirely f ^? taught by ,jesus4 ,= x is ! ,ophians :o1 z we h be=e %[n1#aeji h utt]ly r5\nc$ ,jesus1 & p]haps "s o!rs ( simil> op9ions :o are 8! impo/ors & juggl]s1 lead+ m5 away to idols & phantoms20 & x is !y :o ) mis]able pa9s le>n (f ! names ( ! heav5ly doorkeep]s4 ,^! words are !re=e q inappropriate z address$ to ,*ri/ians3 8,if y seek "o to be y\r guide along ?is way1 y mu/ %un all deceiv]s & juggl]s1 :o w introduce y to phantoms40 ,&1 z ?\gh q unaw>e t ^! impo/ors entirely agree ) him1 & are n beh9d him 9 speak+ ill ( ,jesus & ,8 religion1 he ?us cont9ues1 conf\nd+ u ) !m3 8o!rwise y w be act+ ! mo/ ridicul\s "p1 if1 :il/ y pron\nce imprecations ^u ^? o!r recognis$ gods1 treat+ !m z idols1 y yet d homage to a m wret*$ idol ?an any ( ^!1 :i* inde$ is n ev5 an idol or a phantom1 b a dead man1 & y seek a fa!r l to himself40 ,t he is ignorant ( ! wide diff]5ce betwe5 our op9ions & ^? ( ! inv5tors ( ^! fables1 & t he imag9es ! *>ges :i* he makes aga9/ !m applicable to u1 is evid5t f ! foll[+ passage3 8,= ! sake ( su* a mon/r\s delusion1 & 9 support ( ^? wond]ful advis]s1 & ^? wond]ful words :i* y address to ! lion1 to ! amphibi\s creature1 to ! creature 9 ! =m ( an ass1 & to o!rs1 = ! sake ( ^? div9e doorkeep]s ^: names y commit to memory ) su* pa9s1 9 su* a cause z ?is y suff] cruel tortures1 & p]i% at ! /ake40 ,surely1 !n1 he is unaw>e t none ( ^? :o reg>d be+s 9 ! =m ( an ass1 a lion1 or an amphibi\s animal1 z ! doorkeep]s or guides on ! way to heav51 ev] expose !mselves to dea? 9 def5ce ( t :i* !y ?9k ! tru?4 ,t excess ( zeal1 if x may be s call$1 :i* leads u = ! sake ( religion to submit to e k9d ( dea?1 & to p]i% at ! /ake1 is ascrib$ by ,celsus to ^? :o endure no su* suff]+s2 & he reproa*es u :o suff] crucifixion = our fai?1 ) believ+ 9 fabul\s creatures--9 ! lion1 ! amphibi\s animal1 & o!r su* mon/]s4 ,if we reject all ^! fables1 x is n out ( def]5ce to ,celsus1 = we h nev] at any "t held any su* fancies2 b x is 9 accordance ) ! tea*+ ( ,jesus t we oppose all su* notions1 & w n all[ to ,mi*ael1 or to any o!rs t h be5 ref]r$ to1 a =m & figure ( t sort4 ,footnote #aeji3 ,see ,book vi4 *ap4 xxx4 etc4 ,*apt] ,,xli4 ,b let u consid] :o ^? p]sons are ^: guidance ,celsus w\ld h u to foll[1 s t we may n be 9 want ( guides :o are recomm5d$ bo? by _! antiquity & sanctity4 ,he ref]s u to div9ely inspir$ poets1 z he calls !m1 to wise m5 & philosoph]s1 )\t m5tion+ _! names2 s t1 aft] promis+ to po9t out ^? :o %\ld guide u1 he simply h&s u ov] 9 a g5]al way to div9ely inspir$ poets1 wise m51 & philosoph]s4 ,if he _h specifi$ _! names 9 p>ticul>1 we %\ld h felt ourselves b\nd to %[ him t he wi%$ to give u z guides m5 :o 7 bl9d$ to ! tru?1 & :o mu/ !re=e lead u into error2 or t if n :olly bl9d$1 yet !y are 9 error 9 _m matt]s ( belief4 ,b :e!r ,orpheus1 ,p>m5ides1 ,emp$ocles1 or ev5 ,hom] himself1 & ,hesiod1 are ! p]sons :om he means by 8inspir$ poets10 let any "o %[ h[ ^? :o foll[ _! guidance walk 9 a bett] way1 or lead a m excell5t life1 ?an ^? :o1 be+ taught 9 ! s*ool ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 h reject$ all images & /atues1 & ev5 all ,jewi% sup]/ition1 t !y may look upw>d ?r\gh ! ,^w ( ,god to ! "o ,god1 :o is ! ,fa!r ( ! ,^w4 ,:o1 !n1 are ^? wise m5 & philosoph]s f :om ,celsus w\ld h u to le>n s _m div9e tru?s1 & = :om we are to give up ,moses ! s]vant ( ,god1 ! prophets ( ! ,creator ( ! _w1 :o h spok5 s _m ?+s by a truly div9e inspiration1 & ev5 ,him :o has giv5 light & taught ! way ( piety to ! :ole human race1 s t no "o c reproa* ,him if he rema9s )\t a %>e 9 ! k ( ,8 my/]ies8 ,su*1 inde$1 0 ! ab\nd+ love :i* ,he _h = m51 t ,he gave to ! m le>n$ a !ology capable ( rais+ ! s\l f> above all e>?ly ?+s2 :ile ) no less consid]ation ,he comes d[n to ! weak] capacities ( ignorant m51 ( simple wom51 ( slaves1 &1 9 %ort1 ( all ^? :o f ,jesus alone c\ld h receiv$ t help = ! bett] regulation ( _! lives :i* is suppli$ by ,8 in/ructions 9 reg>d to ! ,div9e ,be+1 adapt$ to _! wants & capacities4 ,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,celsus next ref]s u to ,plato z to a m effective tea*] ( !ological tru?1 & quotes ! foll[+ passage f ! ,timu3 8,x is a h>d matt] to f9d out ! ,mak] & ,fa!r ( ?is univ]se2 & aft] hav+ f\nd ,him1 x is impossible to make ,him kn[n to all40 ,to :i* he himself adds ?is rem>k3 8,y p]ceive1 !n1 h[ div9e m5 seek aft] ! way ( tru?1 & h[ well ,plato knew t x 0 impossible = all m5 to walk 9 x4 ,b z wise m5 h f\nd x = ! express purpose ( be+ able to convey to u "s notion ( ,him :o is ! fir/1 ! unspeakable ,be+1--a notion1 namely1 :i* may repres5t ,him to u ?r\gh ! m$ium ( o!r objects1--!y endeav\r ei!r by syn!sis1 :i* is ! comb9+ ( v>i\s qualities1 or by analysis1 :i* is ! sep>ation & sett+ aside ( "s qualities1 or f9ally by analogy2--9 ^! ways1 ,i say1 !y endeav\r to set be=e u t :i* x is impossible to express 9 words4 ,i %\ld !re=e be surpris$ if y c\ld foll[ 9 t c\rse1 s9ce y are s completely w$d$ to ! fle% z to be incapable ( see+ aught b :at is impure40 ,^! words ( ,plato are noble & admirable2 b see if ,scripture does n give u an example ( a reg>d = mank9d /ill great] 9 ,god ! ,^w1 :o 0 89 ! beg9n+ ) ,god10 & 8:o 0 made fle%10 9 ord] t ,he might reveal to all m5 tru?s :i*1 accord+ to ,plato1 x w\ld be impossible to make kn[n to all m51 ev5 aft] he _h f\nd !m himself4 ,plato may say t 8x is a h>d ?+ to f9d out ! ,creator & ,fa!r ( ?is univ]se20 by :i* language he implies t x is n :olly beyond ! p[] ( human nature to atta9 to su* a k z is ei!r wor?y ( ,god1 or if n1 is f> beyond t :i* is commonly atta9$ 7al?\gh if x 7 true t ,plato or any o!r ( ! ,greeks _h f\nd ,god1 !y w\ld nev] h giv5 homage & wor%ip1 or ascrib$ ! "n ( ,god1 to any o!r ?an to ,him3 !y w\ld h ab&on$ all o!rs1 & w\ld n h associat$ ) ?is great ,god objects :i* c h no?+ 9 common ) ,him74 ,= ourselves1 we ma9ta9 t human nature is 9 no way able to seek aft] ,god1 or to atta9 a cle> k ( ,him )\t ! help ( ,him :om x seeks4 ,he makes ,himself kn[n to ^? :o1 aft] do+ all t _! p[]s w all[1 confess t !y ne$ help f ,him1 :o discov]s ,himself to ^? :om ,he approves1 9 s f> z x is possible = man & ! s\l /ill dwell+ 9 ! body to "k ,god4 ,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,obs]ve t :5 ,plato says1 t 8aft] hav+ f\nd out ! ,creator & ,fa!r ( ! univ]se1 x is impossible to make ,him kn[n to all m510 he does n speak ( ,him z unspeakable1 & z incapable ( be+ express$ 9 words4 ,on ! contr>y1 he implies t ,he may be spok5 (1 & t !re are a few to :om ,he may be made kn[n4 ,b ,celsus1 z if =gett+ ! language :i* he _h j quot$ f ,plato1 imm$iately gives ,god ! "n ( 8! unspeakable40 ,he says3 8s9ce ! wise m5 h f\nd out ?is way1 9 ord] to be able to give u "s idea ( ! ,fir/ ( ,be+s1 :o is unspeakable40 ,= ourselves1 we hold t n ,god alone is unspeakable1 b o!r ?+s also :i* are inf]ior to ,him4 ,su* are ! ?+s :i* ,paul lab\rs to express :5 he says1 8,i he>d unspeakable words1 :i* x is n lawful = a man to utt]10#aeaj :]e ! ^w 8he>d0 is us$ 9 ! s5se ( 8und]/ood20 z 9 ! passage1 8,he :o ha? e>s to he>1 let him he>40 ,we also hold t x is a h>d matt] to see ! ,creator & ,fa!r ( ! univ]se2 b x is possible to see ,him 9 ! way ?us ref]r$ to1 8,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see ,god20#aeaa & n only s1 b also 9 ! s5se ( ! words ( ,him 8:o is ! image ( ! invisible ,god20 8,he :o ha? se5 me ha? se5 ! ,fa!r :o s5t me40#aeab ,no s5sible p]son c\ld suppose t ^! la/ words 7 spok5 9 ref]5ce to ,8 bodily pres5ce1 :i* 0 op5 to ! view ( all2 o!rwise all ^? :o said1 8,crucify him1 crucify him10 & ,pilate1 :o _h p[] ov] ! humanity ( ,jesus1 7 among ^? :o saw ,god ! ,fa!r1 :i* is absurd4 ,moreov]1 t ^! words1 8,he t ha? se5 me1 ha? se5 ! ,fa!r :o s5t me10 are n to be tak5 9 _! gross] s5se1 is pla9 f ! answ] :i* ,he gave to ,philip1 8,h ,i be5 s long "t ) y1 & yet do/ ?\ n "k me1 ,philip80 aft] ,philip _h ask$1 8,%[ u ! ,fa!r1 & x suffice? u40 ,he1 !n1 :o p]ceives h[ ^! words1 8,! ,^w 0 made fle%10 are to be und]/ood ( ! only-begott5 ,son ( ,god1 ! fir/-born ( all creation1 w also und]/& h[1 9 see+ ! image ( ! invisible ,god1 we see 8! ,creator & ,fa!r ( ! univ]se40 ,footnote #aeaj3 #b ,cor4 xii4 #d4 ,footnote #aeaa3 ,matt4 v4 #h4 ,footnote #aeab3 ,john xiv4 #i4 ,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,celsus supposes t we may arrive at a k ( ,god ei!r by comb9+ or sep>at+ c]ta9 ?+s aft] ! me?ods :i* ma!maticians call syn!sis & analysis1 or aga9 by analogy1 :i* is employ$ by !m also1 & t 9 ?is way we may z x 7 ga9 admission to ! *ief good4 ,b :5 ! ,^w ( ,god says1 8,no man kn[e? ! ,fa!r b ! ,son1 & he to :omsoev] ! ,son w reveal ,him10#aeac ,he decl>es t no "o c "k ,god b by ! help ( div9e grace com+ f above1 ) a c]ta9 div9e inspiration4 ,inde$1 x is reasonable to suppose t ! k ( ,god is beyond ! rea* ( human nature1 & h5ce ! _m errors into :i* m5 h fall5 9 _! views ( ,god4 ,x is1 !n1 ?r\gh ! goodness & love ( ,god to mank9d1 & by a m>vell\s ex]cise ( div9e grace to ^? :om ,he saw 9 ,8 =ekn[l$ge1 & knew t !y w\ld walk wor?y ( ,him :o _h made ,himself kn[n to !m1 & t !y w\ld nev] sw]ve f a fai?ful atta*m5t to ,8 s]vice1 al?\gh !y 7 condemn$ to dea? or held up to ridicule by ^? :o1 9 ignorance ( :at true religion is1 give t "n to :at des]ves to be call$ any?+ r ?an religion4 ,god d\btless saw ! pride & arrogance ( ^? :o1 ) contempt = all o!rs1 boa/ ( _! k ( ,god1 & ( _! pr(\nd acqua9tance ) div9e ?+s obta9$ f philosophy1 b :o /ill1 n less ev5 ?an ! mo/ ignorant1 run aft] _! images1 & temples1 & fam\s my/]ies2 & see+ ?is1 ,he 8has *os5 ! fooli% ?+s ( ?is _w0#aead--! simple/ ( ,*ri/ians1 :o lead1 h[ev]1 a life ( great] mod]ation & purity ?an _m philosoph]s--8to conf\nd ! wise10 :o are n a%am$ to address inanimate ?+s z gods or images ( ! gods4 ,= :at reasonable man c refra9 f smil+ :5 he sees t "o :o has le>n$ f philosophy su* pr(\nd & noble s5tim5ts ab\t ,god or ! gods1 turns /raightway to images & (f]s to !m 8 pray]s1 or imag9es t by gaz+ ^u ^! mat]ial ?+s he c asc5d f ! visible symbol to t :i* is spiritual & immat]ial4 ,b a ,*ri/ian1 ev5 ( ! common p1 is assur$ t e place =ms "p ( ! univ]se1 & t ! :ole univ]se is ,god's temple4 ,9 :atev] "p ( ! _w he is1 he prays2 b he rises above ! univ]se1 8%utt+ ! eyes ( s5se1 & rais+ upw>ds ! eyes ( ! s\l40 ,& he /ops n at ! vault ( heav52 b pass+ 9 ?\ght beyond ! heav5s1 "u ! guidance ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 & hav+ ?us z x 7 gone beyond ! visible univ]se1 he (f]s pray]s to ,god4 ,b he prays = no trivial bless+s1 = he has le>nt f ,jesus to seek = no?+ small or mean1 t is1 s5sible objects1 b to ask only = :at is great & truly div9e2 & ^! ?+s ,god grants to u1 to lead u to t bless$ness :i* is f\nd only ) ,him ?r\gh ,8 ,son1 ! ,^w1 :o is ,god4 ,footnote #aeac3 ,matt4 xi4 #bg4 ,footnote #aead3 #a ,cor4 i4 #bg4 ,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,b let u see fur!r :at ! ?+s are :i* he proposes to tea* u1 if inde$ we c compreh5d !m1 s9ce he speaks ( u z be+ 8utt]ly w$d$ to ! fle%20 al?\gh if we live well1 & 9 accordance ) ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 we he> ?is said ( u3 8,ye are n 9 ! fle%1 b 9 ! ,_s1 if ! ,_s ( ,god dwelle? 9 y40#aeae ,he says also t we look ^u no?+ t is pure1 al?\gh our endeav\r is to keep ev5 our ?\ghts free f all defilem5t ( s91 & al?\gh 9 pray] we say1 8,create 9 me a clean he>t1 ,o ,god1 & r5ew a "r _s )9 me10#aeaf s t we may behold ,him ) t 8pure he>t0 to :i* alone is grant$ ! privilege ( see+ ,him4 ,?is1 !n1 is :at he proposes = our in/ruction3 8,?+s are ei!r intelligible1 :i* we call sub/ance--be+2 or visible1 :i* we call becom+3#aeag ) ! =m] is tru?2 f ! latt] arises error4 ,tru? is ! object ( k2 tru? & error =m op9ion4 ,intelligible objects are kn[n by ! reason1 visible objects by ! eyes2 ! action ( ! reason is call$ intellig5t p]ception1 t ( ! eyes vision4 ,z1 !n1 among visible ?+s ! sun is nei!r ! eye nor vision1 b t :i* enables ! eye to see1 & r5d]s vision possible1 & 9 consequ5ce ( x visible ?+s are se51 all s5sible ?+s exi/1 & itself is r5d]$ visible2 s among ?+s intelligible1 t :i* is nei!r reason1 nor intellig5t p]ception1 nor k1 is yet ! cause :i* enables ! reason to "k1 :i* r5d]s intellig5t p]ception possible2 & 9 consequ5ce ( x k arises1 all ?+s intelligible1 tru? itself & sub/ance h _! exi/5ce2 & itself1 :i* is above all ^! ?+s1 becomes 9 "s ineffable way intelligible4 ,^! ?+s are (f]$ to ! consid]ation ( ! intellig5t2 & if ev5 y c und]/& any ( !m1 x is well4 ,& if y ?9k t a ,div9e ,_s has desc5d$ f ,god to ann\nce div9e ?+s to m51 x is d\btless ?is same ,_s t reveals ^! tru?s1 & x 0 "u ! same influ5ce t m5 ( old made kn[n _m important tru?s4 ,b if y _c compreh5d ^! ?+s1 !n keep sil5ce2 d n expose y\r own ignorance1 & d n accuse ( bl9dness ^? :o see1 or ( lam5ess ^? :o run1 :ile y y\rselves are utt]ly lam$ & mutilat$ 9 m9d1 & lead a m]ely animal life--! life ( ! body1 :i* is ! dead "p ( our nature40 ,footnote #aeae3 ,rom4 viii4 #i4 ,footnote #aeaf3 ,ps4 li4 #aj4 ,footnote #aeag3 4 ,= ! di/9ction betwe5 & 1 see ,plato's ,sophi/a1 p4 #bdf4 ,*apt] ,,xlvi4 ,we are c>eful n to oppose fair argum5ts ev5 if !y proce$ f ^? :o are n ( our fai?2 we /rive n to be capti\s1 or to seek to ov]?r[ any s\nd reason+s4 ,b "h we h to reply to ^? :o sl&] ! "* ( p]sons wi%+ to d _! be/ 9 ! s]vice ( ,god1 :o accepts ! fai? :i* ! meane/ place 9 ,him1 z well z ! m ref9$ & intellig5t piety ( ! le>n$2 see+ t bo? alike address to ! ,creator ( ! _w _! pray]s & ?anksgiv+s ?r\gh ! ,high ,prie/ :o has set be=e m5 ! nature ( pure religion4 ,we say1 !n1 t ^? :o are /igmatiz$ z 8lam$ & mutilat$ 9 _s10 z 8liv+ only = ! sake ( ! body :i* is dead10 are p]sons ^: endeav\r x is to say ) s9c]ity3 8,= ?\gh we live#aeah 9 ! fle%1 we d n w> accord+ to ! fle%2 = ! weapons ( our w>f>e are n fle%ly1 b mighty ?r\gh ,god40 ,x is = ^? :o ?r[ out su* vile accusations aga9/ m5 :o desire to be ,god's s]vants1 to bew>e le/1 by ! calumnies :i* !y ca/ ^u o!rs :o /rive to live well1 !y 8lame0 _! own s\ls1 & 8mutilate0 ! inn] man1 by sev]+ f x t ju/ice & mod]ation ( m9d :i* ! ,creator has plant$ 9 ! nature ( all ,8 rational creatures4 ,z = ^?1 h[ev]1 :o1 along ) o!r lessons giv5 by ! ,div9e ,^w1 h le>n$ & practis$ ?is1 8:5 revil$ to bless1 :5 p]secut$ to endure1 :5 defam$ to entreat10#aeai !y may be said to be walk+ 9 _s 9 ! ways ( uprightness1 to be purify+ & sett+ 9 ord] ! :ole s\l4 ,!y di/+ui%--& to !m ! di/9ction is n "o ( words m]ely--betwe5 8sub/ance10 or t :i* is1 & t :i* is 8becom+20 betwe5 ?+s appreh5d$ by reason1 & ?+s appreh5d$ by s5se2 & !y connect tru? ) ! "o1 & avoid ! errors aris+ out ( ! o!r2 look+1 z !y h be5 taught1 n at ! ?+s 8becom+0 or ph5om5al1 :i* are se51 & !re=e tempor>y1 b at bett] ?+s ?an ^!1 :e!r we call !m 8sub/ance10 or 8spiritual0 ?+s1 z be+ appreh5d$ by reason1 or 8invisible10 because !y lie out ( ! rea* ( ! s5ses4 ,! disciples ( ,jesus reg>d ^! ph5om5al ?+s only t !y may use !m z /eps to asc5d to ! k ( ! ?+s ( reason4 ,= 8! invisible ?+s ( ,god10 t is1 ! objects ( ! reason1 8f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se50 by ! reason1 8be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made40 ,& :5 !y h ris5 f ! creat$ ?+s ( ?is _w to ! invisible ?+s ( ,god1 !y d n /ay !re2 b aft] !y h suffici5tly ex]cis$ _! m9ds ^u ^!1 & h und]/ood _! nature1 !y asc5d to 8! et]nal p[] ( ,god10 9 a ^w1 to ,8 div9ity4 ,= !y "k t ,god1 9 ,8 love to m51 has 8manife/$0 ,8 tru?1 & 8t :i* is kn[n ( ,him10 n only to ^? :o devote !mselves to ,8 s]vice1 b also to "s :o are f> remov$ f ! purity ( wor%ip & s]vice :i* ,he requires2 & t "s ( ^? :o by ! provid5ce ( ,god _h atta9$ a k ( ^! tru?s1 7 yet do+ ?+s unwor?y ( t k1 & 8hold+ ! tru? 9 unrighte\sness10 & :o are unable to f9d any excuse be=e ,god aft] ! k ( su* great tru?s :i* ,he has giv5 !m4 ,footnote #aeah3 #a ,cor4 x4 #c1 #d4 ,! receiv$ text has 8walk0 in/ead ( 8live40 ,footnote #aeai3 #a ,cor4 iv4 #aa1 #ab4 ,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,= ,scripture te/ifies1 9 reg>d to ^? :o h a k ( ^? ?+s ( :i* ,celsus speaks1 & :o pr(ess a philosophy f\nd$ on ^! pr9ciples1 t !y1 8:5 !y knew ,god1 glorifi$ ,him n z ,god1 nei!r 7 ?ankful1 b became va9 9 _! imag9ations20 & not)/&+ ! bright light ( k ) :i* ,god _h enlight5$ !m1 8_! fooli% he>t0 0 c>ri$ away1 & became 8d>k5$40#aebj ,?us we may see h[ ^? :o acc\nt$ !mselves wise gave pro(s ( great folly1 :51 aft] su* gr& argum5ts deliv]$ 9 ! s*ools on ,god & on ?+s appreh5d$ by ! reason1 !y 8*ang$ ! glory ( ! incorruptible ,god into an image made l to corruptible man1 & to birds1 & f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s40#aeba ,z1 !n1 !y liv$ 9 a way unwor?y ( ! k :i* !y _h receiv$ f ,god1 ,8 provid5ce leav+ !m to !mselves1 !y 7 giv5 8up to uncleanness1 ?r\gh ! lu/s ( _! own he>ts to di%on\r _! own bodies10#aebb 9 %amelessness & lic5ti\sness1 because !y 8*ang$ ! tru? ( ,god into a lie1 & wor%ipp$ & s]v$ ! creature m ?an ! ,creator40 ,footnote #aebj3 ,rom4 i4 #ba4 ,footnote #aeba3 ,rom4 i4 #be4 ,footnote #aebb3 ,rom4 i4 #bd1 #be4 ,*apt] ,,xlviii4 ,b ^? :o are despis$ = _! ignorance1 & set d[n z fools & abject slaves1 no soon] commit !mselves to ,god's guidance by accept+ ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 ?an1 s f> f defil+ !mselves by lic5ti\s indulg5ce or ! gratification ( %ameless passion1 !y 9 _m cases1 l p]fect prie/s1 = :om su* pleasures h no *>m1 keep !mselves 9 act & 9 ?\ght 9 a /ate ( virg9 purity4 ,! ,a!nians h "o hi]ophant1 :o1 n hav+ confid5ce 9 8 p[] to re/ra9 8 passions )9 ! limits he prescrib$ = himself1 det]m9$ to *eck !m at _! seat by ! application ( hemlock2 & ?us he 0 acc\nt$ pure1 & fit = ! celebration ( religi\s wor%ip among ! ,a!nians4 ,b among ,*ri/ians may be f\nd m5 :o h no ne$ ( hemlock to fit !m = ! pure s]vice ( ,god1 & = :om ! ,^w 9 place ( hemlock is able to drive all evil desires f _! ?\ghts1 s t !y may pres5t _! pray]s to ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,& atta*$ to ! o!r s-call$ gods are a select numb] ( virg9s1 :o are gu>d$ by m51 or x may be n gu>d$ 7= t is n ! po9t 9 "q at pres5t71 & :o are suppos$ to live 9 purity = ! hon\r ( ! god !y s]ve4 ,b among ,*ri/ians1 ^? :o ma9ta9 a p]petual virg9ity d s = no human hon\rs1 = no fee or rew>d1 f no motive ( va+lory2 b 8z !y *oose to reta9 ,god 9 _! k10#aebc !y are pres]v$ by ,god 9 a _s well-pleas+ to ,him1 & 9 ! dis*>ge ( e duty1 be+ fill$ ) all righte\sness & goodness4 ,footnote #aebc3 ,rom4 i4 #bh4 ,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,:at ,i h n[ said1 !n1 is (f]$ n = ! purpose ( cavill+ ) any "r op9ions or s\nd doctr9es held ev5 by ,greeks1 b ) ! desire ( %[+ t ! same ?+s1 & inde$ mu* bett] & div9] ?+s ?an ^!1 h be5 said by ^? div9e m51 ! prophets ( ,god & ! apo/les ( ,jesus4 ,^! tru?s are fully inve/igat$ by all :o wi% to atta9 a p]fect k ( ,*ri/ianity1 & :o "k t 8! m\? ( ! righte\s speake? wisdom1 & 8 tongue talke? ( judgm5t2 ! law ( 8 ,god is 9 8 he>t40#aebd ,b ev5 9 reg>d to ^? :o1 ei!r f defici5cy ( k or want ( incl9ation1 or f n hav+ ,jesus to lead !m to a rational view ( religion1 h n gone into ^! deep que/ions1 we f9d t !y believe 9 ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 & 9 ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 ! ,^w & ,god1 & t !y (t5 exhibit 9 _! "* a high degree ( gravity1 ( purity1 & integrity2 :ile ^? :o call !mselves wise h despis$ ^! virtues1 & h wall[$ 9 ! fil? ( sodomy1 9 lawless lu/1 8m5 ) m5 work+ t :i* is unseemly40#aebe ,footnote #aebd3 ,ps4 xxxvii4 #cj1 #ca4 ,footnote #aebe3 ,rom4 i4 #bg4 ,*apt] ,l4 ,celsus has n expla9$ h[ error accompanies ! 8becom+10 or product ( g5]ation2 nor has he express$ himself ) suffici5t cle>ness to enable u to comp>e 8 ideas ) ours1 & to pass judgm5t on !m4 ,b ! prophets1 :o h giv5 "s wise sugge/ions on ! subject ( ?+s produc$ by g5]ation1 tell u t a sacrifice = s9 0 (f]$ ev5 = new-born infants1 z n be+ free f s94 ,!y say1 8,i 0 %ap5 9 iniquity1 & 9 s9 did my "m conceive me20#aebf also1 8,!y are e/rang$ f ! womb20 :i* is foll[$ by ! s+ul> expression1 8,!y g a/ray z soon z !y are born1 speak+ lies40#aebg ,besides1 our wise m5 h su* a contempt = all s5sible objects1 t sometimes !y speak ( all mat]ial ?+s z vanity3 ?us1 8,= ! creature 0 made subject to vanity1 n will+ly1 b by reason ( him t subject$ ! same 9 hope20#aebh at o!r times z vanity ( vanities1 8,vanity ( vanities1 sai? ! ,prea*]1 all is vanity40#aebi ,:o has giv5 s sev]e an e/imate ( ! life ( ! human s\l "h on e>?1 z he :o says3 8,v]ily e man at 8 be/ e/ate is altoge!r vanity80#aecj ,he does n hesitate at all z to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pres5t life ( ! s\l & t :i* x is to lead h]eaft]4 ,he does n say1 8,:o kn[s if to die is n to live1 & if to live is n dea?80#aeca ,b he boldly proclaims ! tru?1 & says1 8,our s\l is b[$ d[n to ! du/20#aecb &1 8,?\ ha/ br\ght me into ! du/ ( dea?20#aecc & simil>ly1 8,:o w deliv] me f ! body ( ?is dea?80#aecd also1 8,:o w *ange ! body ( our humiliation40#aece ,x is a prophet also :o says1 8,?\ ha/ br\ght u d[n 9 a place ( affliction20#aecf mean+ by ! 8place ( affliction0 ?is e>?ly region1 to :i* ,adam1 t is to say1 man1 came aft] he 0 driv5 out ( p>adise = s94 ,obs]ve also h[ well ! diff]5t life ( ! s\l "h & h]eaft] has be5 recognis$ by him :o says1 8,n[ we see 9 a glass1 obscurely1 b !n face to face20#aecg &1 8,:il/ we are 9 our home 9 ! body1 we are away f our home 9 ! ,"l20 :]e=e 8we are well cont5t to g f our home 9 ! body1 & to come to our home ) ! ,"l40#aech ,footnote #aebf3 ,ps4 li4 #e4 ,footnote #aebg3 ,ps4 lviii4 #c4 ,footnote #aebh3 ,rom4 viii4 #bj4 ,footnote #aebi3 ,eccles4 i4 #b4 ,footnote #aecj3 ,ps4 xxxix4 #e4 ,footnote #aeca3 ,euripides4 ,footnote #aecb3 ,ps4 xliv4 #be4 ,footnote #aecc3 ,ps4 xxii4 #ae4 ,footnote #aecd3 ,rom4 vii4 #bd4 ,footnote #aece3 ,phil4 iii4 #ba4 ,footnote #aecf3 ,ps4 xliii4 #ai1 ,,lxx4 ,footnote #aecg3 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #ab4 ,footnote #aech3 #b ,cor4 v4 #f1 #h4 ,*apt] ,,li4 ,b :at ne$ is !re to quote any m passages aga9/ ,celsus1 9 ord] to prove t 8 words conta9 no?+ :i* 0 n said long be=e among ourselves1 s9ce t has be5 suffici5tly e/abli%$ by :at we h said8 ,x seems t :at foll[s has "s ref]5ce to ?is3 8,if y ?9k t a ,div9e ,_s has desc5d$ f ,god to ann\nce div9e ?+s to m51 x is d\btless ?is same ,_s t reveals ^! tru?s2 & x 0 "u ! same influ5ce t m5 ( old made kn[n _m important tru?s40 ,b he does n "k h[ great is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^? ?+s & ! cle> & c]ta9 tea*+ ( ^? :o say to u1 8,?9e incorruptible _s is 9 all ?+s1 :]e=e ,god *a/5e? !m by little & little t (f5d20#aeci & ( ^? :o1 among _! o!r in/ructions1 tea* u t ! words1 8,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/10#aedj ref] to a degree ( spiritual influ5ce high] ?an t 9 ! passage1 8,ye %all be baptiz$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ n _m days h5ce40#aeda ,b x is a difficult matt]1 ev5 aft] mu* c>eful consid]ation1 to p]ceive ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^? :o h receiv$ a k ( ! tru? & a notion ( ,god at diff]5t int]vals & = %ort p]iods ( "t1 & ^? :o are m fully inspir$ by ,god1 :o h con/ant communion ) ,him1 & are always l$ by ,8 ,_s4 ,_h ,celsus set himself to und]/& ?is1 he w\ld n h reproa*$ u ) ignorance1 or =bidd5 u to *>act]ize z 8bl9d0 ^? :o believe t religion %[s itself 9 su* products ( man's me*anical art z images4 ,= e "o :o sees ) ! eyes ( 8 s\l s]ves ! ,div9e ,be+ 9 no o!r way ?an 9 t :i* leads him ev] to h reg>d to ! ,creator ( all1 to address 8 pray]s to ,him alone1 & to d all ?+s z 9 ! sight ( ,god1 :o sees u altoge!r1 ev5 to our ?\ghts4 ,our e>ne/ desire !n is bo? to see = ourselves1 & to be lead]s ( ! bl9d1 to br+ !m to ! ,^w ( ,god1 t ,he may take away f _! m9ds ! bl9dness ( ignorance4 ,& if our actions are wor?y ( ,him :o taught ,8 disciples1 8,ye are ! light ( ! _w10#aedb & ( ! ,^w1 :o says1 8,! light %9e? 9 d>kness10#aedc !n we %all be light to ^? :o are 9 d>kness2 we %all give wisdom to ^? :o are )\t x1 & we %all in/ruct ! ignorant4 ,footnote #aeci3 ,wisd4 xii4 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #aedj3 ,john xx4 #bb4 ,footnote #aeda3 ,acts i4 #e4 ,footnote #aedb3 ,matt4 v4 #ad4 ,footnote #aedc3 ,john i4 #e4 ,*apt] ,,lii4 ,& let n ,celsus be angry if we describe z lame & mutilat$ 9 s\l ^? :o run to ! temples z to places hav+ a real sacr$ness1 & :o _c see t no m]e me*anical "w ( man c be truly sacr$4 ,^? ^: piety is gr\nd$ on ! tea*+ ( ,jesus also run until !y come to ! end ( _! c\rse1 :5 !y c say 9 all tru? & confid5ce3 8,i h f\ght a good fight1 ,i h f9i%$ my c\rse1 ,i h kept ! fai?2 h5ce=? !re is laid up = me a cr[n ( righte\sness40#aedd ,& ea* ( u runs 8n z unc]ta910 & he s fights ) evil 8n z "o beat+ ! air10#aede b z aga9/ ^? :o are subject to 8! pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air1 ! _s t n[ worke? 9 ! *ildr5 ( disob$i5ce40#aedf ,celsus may inde$ say ( u t we 8live ) ! body :i* is a dead ?+20 b we h le>nt1 8,if ye live aft] ! fle%1 ye %all die2 b if ye by ! ,_s d mortify ! de$s ( ! body1 ye %all live20#aedg &1 8,if we live 9 ! ,_s1 let u also walk 9 ! ,_s40#aedh ,w\ld t we might conv9ce him by our actions t he did u wrong1 :5 he said t we 8live ) ! body :i* is dead60 ,footnote #aedd3 #b ,tim4 iv4 #g4 ,footnote #aede3 #a ,cor4 ix4 #bf4 ,footnote #aedf3 ,eph4 ii4 #b4 ,footnote #aedg3 ,rom4 viii4 #ac4 ,footnote #aedh3 ,gal4 v4 #be4 ,*apt] ,,liii4 ,aft] ^! rem>ks ( ,celsus1 :i* we h done our be/ to refute1 he goes on to address u ?us3 8,see+ y are s eag] = "s novelty1 h[ mu* bett] x w\ld h be5 if y _h *os5 z ! object ( y\r zeal\s homage "s "o ( ^? :o di$ a glori\s dea?1 & ^: div9ity might h receiv$ ! support ( "s my? to p]petuate 8 memory6 ,:y1 if y 7 n satisfi$ ) ,h]cules or sculapius1 & o!r h]oes ( antiquity1 y _h ,orpheus1 :o 0 confess$ly a div9ely inspir$ man1 :o di$ a viol5t dea?4 ,b p]haps "s o!rs h tak5 him up be=e y4 ,y may !n take ,anax>*us1 :o1 :5 ca/ into a mort>1 & beat5 mo/ b>b>\sly1 %[$ a noble contempt = 8 suff]+1 & said1 #8,beat1 beat ! %ell ( ,anax>*us1 = himself y d n beat1'--a spee* surely ( a _s truly div9e4 ,b o!rs 7 be=e y 9 foll[+ 8 int]pretation ( ! laws ( nature4 ,might y n1 !n1 take ,epictetus1 :o1 :5 8 ma/] 0 twi/+ 8 leg1 said1 smil+ & unmov$1 #8,y w break my leg2' & :5 x 0 brok51 he add$1 #8,did ,i n tell y t y w\ld break x8' ,:at say+ equal to ^! did y\r god utt] "u suff]+8 ,if y _h said ev5 ( ! ,sibyl1 ^: au?ority "s ( y ackn[l$ge1 t %e 0 a *ild ( ,god1 y w\ld h said some?+ m reasonable4 ,b y h _h ! presumption to include 9 h] writ+s _m impi\s ?+s1 & set up z a god "o :o end$ a mo/ infam\s life by a mo/ mis]able dea?4 ,h[ mu* m suitable ?an he w\ld h be5 ,jonah 9 ! :ale's belly1 or ,daniel deliv]$ f ! wild bea/s1 or any ( a /ill m port5t\s k9d60 ,*apt] ,,liv4 ,b s9ce he s5ds u to ,h]cules1 let him repeat to u any ( 8 say+s1 & let him ju/ify 8 %ameful subjection to ,omphale4 ,let him %[ t div9e hon\rs %\ld be paid to "o :o1 l a highway robb]1 c>ries (f a f>m]'s ox by =ce1 & aft]w>ds dev\rs x1 amus+ himself mean:ile ) ! curses ( ! own]2 9 memory ( :i* ev5 to ?is day sacrifices (f]$ to ! demon ( ,h]cules are accompani$ ) curses4 ,aga9 he proposes sculapius to u1 z if to oblige u to repeat :at we h said already2 b we =be>4 ,9 reg>d to ,orpheus1 :at does he admire 9 him to make him ass]t t1 by common cons5t1 he 0 reg>d$ z a div9ely inspir$ man1 & liv$ a noble life8 ,i am greatly deceiv$ if x is n ! desire :i* ,celsus has to oppose u & put d[n ,jesus t leads him to s\nd =? ! praises ( ,orpheus2 & :e!r1 :5 he made himself acqua9t$ ) 8 impi\s fables ab\t ! gods1 he did n ca/ !m aside z des]v+1 ev5 m ?an ! poems ( ,hom]1 to be exclud$ f a well-ord]$ /ate4 ,=1 inde$1 ,orpheus says mu* worse ?+s ?an ,hom] ( ^? :om !y call gods4 ,noble1 inde$1 x 0 9 ,anax>*us to say to ,ari/ocreon1 tyrant ( ,cyprus1 8,beat on1 beat ! %ell ( ,anax>*us10 b x is ! "o admirable incid5t 9 ! life ( ,anax>*us kn[n to ! ,greeks2 & al?\gh1 on ! /r5g? ( t1 "s l ,celsus might des]v$ly hon\r ! man = 8 c\rage1 yet to look up to ,anax>*us z a god is n consi/5t ) reason4 ,he also directs u to ,epictetus1 ^: firmness is ju/ly admir$1 al?\gh 8 say+ :5 8 leg 0 brok5 by 8 ma/] is n to be comp>$ ) ! m>vell\s acts & words ( ,jesus :i* ,celsus refuses to believe2 & ^! words 7 accompani$ by su* a div9e p[]1 t ev5 to ?is day !y conv]t n only "s ( ! m ignorant & simple1 b _m also ( ! mo/ enlight5$ ( m54 ,*apt] ,,lv4 ,:51 to 8 enum]ation ( ^? to :om he w\ld s5d u1 he adds1 8,:at say+ equal to ^! did y\r god utt] "u suff]+s80 we w\ld reply1 t ! sil5ce ( ,jesus "u sc\rg+s1 & amid/ all ,8 suff]+s1 spoke m = ,8 firmness & submission ?an all t 0 said by ! ,greeks :5 beset by calamity4 ,p]haps ,celsus may believe :at 0 record$ ) all s9c]ity by tru/wor?y m51 :o1 :ile giv+ a tru?ful acc\nt ( all ! wond]s p]=m$ by ,jesus1 specify among ^! ! sil5ce :i* ,he pres]v$ :5 subject$ to sc\rg+s2 %[+ ! same s+ul> meekness "u ! insults :i* 7 heap$ ^u ,him1 :5 !y put ^u ,him ! purple robe1 & set ! cr[n ( ?orns ^u ,8 head1 & :5 !y put 9 ,8 h& a re$ 9 place ( a sceptre3 no unwor?y or angry ^w escap$ ,him aga9/ ^? :o subject$ ,him to su* outrages4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,he receiv$ ! sc\rg+s ) sil5t firmness1 & bore ) meekness all ! insults ( ^? :o outrag$ ,him1 x _c be said1 z is said by "s1 t x 0 9 c[>dly weakness t ,he utt]$ ! words3 8,fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me3 nev]!less1 n z ,i w1 b z ,?\ wilt40#aedi ,! pray] :i* seems to be conta9$ 9 ^! words = ! removal ( :at ,he calls 8! cup0 be>s a s5se :i* we h else:]e exam9$ & set =? at l>ge4 ,b tak+ x 9 its m obvi\s s5se1 consid] if x be n a pray] (f]$ to ,god ) all piety4 ,= no man naturally reg>ds any?+ :i* may befall him z necess>y & inevitable2 ?\gh he may submit to :at is n inevitable1 if occasion requires4 ,besides1 ^! words1 8nev]!less1 n z ,i w1 b z ,?\ wilt10 are n ! language ( "o :o yield$ to necessity1 b ( "o :o 0 cont5t$ ) :at 0 befall+ ,him1 & :o submitt$ ) rev]5ce to ! arrangem5ts ( ,provid5ce4 ,footnote #aedi3 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ci4 ,*apt] ,,lvi4 ,celsus !n adds1 = :at reason ,i "k n1 t in/ead ( call+ ,jesus ! ,son ( ,god1 we _h bett] h giv5 t hon\r to ! ,sibyl1 9 ^: books he ma9ta9s we h int]polat$ _m impi\s /atem5ts1 ?\gh he does n m5tion :at ^? int]polations are4 ,he might h prov$ 8 ass]tion by produc+ "s old] copies :i* are free f ! int]polations :i* he attributes to u2 b he does n d s ev5 to ju/ify 8 /atem5t t ^! passages are ( an impi\s "*4 ,moreov]1 he aga9 speaks ( ! life ( ,jesus z 8a mo/ infam\s life10 z he has done be=e1 n once or twice1 b _m times1 al?\gh he does n /ay to specify any ( ! actions ( ,8 life :i* he ?9ks mo/ infam\s4 ,he seems to ?9k t he may 9 ?is way make ass]tions )\t prov+ !m1 & rail aga9/ "o ( :om he kn[s no?+4 ,_h he set himself to %[ :at sort ( infamy he f\nd 9 ! actions ( ,jesus1 we %\ld h repell$ ! sev]al *>ges br\ght aga9/ ,him4 ,jesus did inde$ meet ) a mo/ sad dea?2 b ! same might be said ( ,socrates1 & ( ,anax>*us1 :om he _h j m5tion$1 & a multitude ( o!rs4 ,if ! dea? ( ,jesus 0 a mis]able "o1 0 n t ( ! o!rs s too8 ,& if _! dea? 0 n mis]able1 c x be said t ! dea? ( ,jesus 08 ,y see f ?is1 !n1 t ! object ( ,celsus is to vilify ! "* ( ,jesus2 & ,i c only suppose t he is driv5 to x by "s _s ak9 to ^? ^: p[] has be5 brok5 & vanqui%$ by ,jesus1 & :i* n[ f9ds itself depriv$ ( ! smoke & blood on :i* x liv$1 :il/ deceiv+ ^? :o s\ght = ,god "h ^u e>? 9 images1 in/ead ( look+ up to ! true ,god1 ! ,gov]nor ( all ?+s4 ,*apt] ,,lvii4 ,aft] ?is1 z ?\gh 8 object 0 to swell ! size ( 8 book1 he advises u 8to *oose ,jonah r ?an ,jesus z our ,god20 ?us sett+ ,jonah1 :o prea*$ rep5tance to ! s+le city ( ,n9eveh1 be=e ,jesus1 :o has prea*$ rep5tance to ! :ole _w1 & ) mu* great] results4 ,he w\ld h u to reg>d z ,god a man :o1 by a /range miracle1 pass$ ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! :ale's belly2 & he is unwill+ t ,he :o submitt$ to dea? = ! sake ( m51 ,he to :om ,god bore te/imony ?r\gh ! prophets1 & :o has done great ?+s 9 heav5 & e>?1 %\ld receive on t gr\nd hon\r second only to t :i* is giv5 to ! ,mo/ ,high ,god4 ,moreov]1 ,jonah 0 swall[$ by ! :ale = refus+ to prea* z ,god _h comm&$ him2 :ile ,jesus suff]$ dea? = m5 aft] ,he _h giv5 ! in/ructions :i* ,god wi%$ ,him to give4 ,/ill fur!r1 he adds t ,daniel rescu$ f ! lions is m wor?y ( our adoration ?an ,jesus1 :o subdu$ ! fi]c5ess ( e oppos+ p[]1 & gave to u 8au?ority to tread on s]p5ts & scorpions1 & ov] all ! p[] ( ! enemy40#aeej ,f9ally1 hav+ no o!r names to (f] u1 he adds1 8& o!rs ( a /ill m mon/r\s k9d10--?us ca/+ a slight ^u bo? ,jonah & ,daniel2 = ! _s :i* is 9 ,celsus _c speak well ( ! righte\s4 ,footnote #aeej3 ,luke x4 #ai4 ,*apt] ,,lviii4 ,let u n[ consid] :at foll[s4 8,!y h also10 says he1 8a precept to ?is effect1 t we ought n to av5ge ourselves on "o :o injures u1 or1 z he expresses x1 #8,:osoev] %all /rike !e on ! "o *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also4' ,?is is an anci5t say+1 :i* _h be5 admirably express$ long be=e1 & :i* !y h only report$ 9 a co>s] way4 ,= ,plato introduces ,socrates conv]s+ ) ,crito z foll[s3 #8,mu/ we nev] d inju/ice to any8' #8,c]ta9ly n4' #8,& s9ce we mu/ nev] d inju/ice1 mu/ we n return inju/ice = an inju/ice t has be5 done to u1 z mo/ p ?9k8' #8,x seems to me t we %\ld n4' #8,b tell me1 ,crito1 may we d evil to any "o or n8' #8,c]ta9ly n1 ,o ,socrates4' #8,well1 is x j1 z is commonly said1 = "o :o has suff]$ wrong to d wrong 9 return1 or is x unju/8' #8,x is unju/4 ,yes2 = to d h>m to a man is ! same z to d him inju/ice4' #8,y speak truly4 ,we mu/ !n n d inju/ice 9 return = inju/ice1 nor mu/ we d evil to any "o1 :atev] evil we may h suff]$ f him4' ,?us ,plato speaks2 & he adds1 #8,consid]1 !n1 :e!r y are at "o ) me1 & :e!r1 />t+ f ?is pr9ciple1 we may n come to ! conclusion t x is nev] "r to d inju/ice1 ev5 9 return = an inju/ice :i* has be5 receiv$2 or :e!r1 on ! o!r h&1 y diff] f me1 & d n admit ! pr9ciple f :i* we />t$4 ,t has always be5 my op9ion1 & is s /ill4'#aeea ,su* are ! s5tim5ts ( ,plato1 & inde$ !y 7 held by div9e m5 be=e 8 "t4 ,b let ?is suffice z "o example ( ! way 9 :i* ?is & o!r tru?s h be5 borr[$ & corrupt$4 ,any "o :o wi%es c easily by se>*+ f9d m ( !m40 ,footnote #aeea3 ,plato's ,crito1 p4 #di4 ,*apt] ,,lix4 ,:5 ,celsus "h or else:]e f9ds himself unable to dispute ! tru? ( :at we say1 b av]s t ! same ?+s 7 said by ! ,greeks1 our answ] is1 t if ! doctr9e be s\nd1 & ! effect ( x good1 :e!r x 0 made kn[n to ! ,greeks by ,plato or any ( ! wise m5 ( ,greece1 or :e!r x 0 deliv]$ to ! ,jews by ,moses or any ( ! prophets1 or :e!r x 0 giv5 to ! ,*ri/ians 9 ! record$ tea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 or 9 ! in/ructions ( ,8 apo/les1 t does n affect ! value ( ! tru? communicat$4 ,x is no objection to ! pr9ciples ( ,jews or ,*ri/ians1 t ! same ?+s 7 also said by ! ,greeks1 especially if x be prov$ t ! writ+s ( ! ,jews are old] ?an ^? ( ! ,greeks4 ,& fur!r1 we are n to imag9e t a tru? adorn$ ) ! graces ( ,grecian spee* is necess>ily bett] ?an ! same :5 express$ 9 ! m humble & unpret5d+ language us$ by ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 al?\gh inde$ ! language ( ! ,jews1 9 :i* ! prophets wrote ! books :i* h come d[n to u1 has a grace ( expression peculi> to ! g5ius ( ! ,hebrew tongue4 ,& ev5 if we 7 requir$ to %[ t ! same doctr9es h be5 bett] express$ among ! ,jewi% prophets or 9 ,*ri/ian writ+s1 h[ev] p>adoxical x may seem1 we are prep>$ to prove ?is by an illu/ration tak5 f diff]5t k9ds ( food1 & f ! diff]5t modes ( prep>+ !m4 ,suppose t a k9d ( food :i* is :olesome & nutriti\s has be5 prep>$ & season$ 9 su* a way z to be fit1 n = ! simple ta/es ( peasants & poor lab\r]s1 b = ^? only :o are ri* & da9ty 9 _! ta/es4 ,suppose1 aga91 t t same food is prep>$ n to suit ! ta/es ( ! m delicate1 b = ! peasants1 ! poor lab\r]s1 & ! common p g5]ally1 9 %ort1 s t myriads ( p]sons might eat ( x4 ,n[ if1 accord+ to ! supposition1 ! food prep>$ 9 ! "o way promotes ! heal? ( ^? only :o are /yl$ ! bett] classes1 :ile none ( ! o!rs c\ld ta/e x1 :]eas :5 prep>$ 9 ! o!r way x promot$ ! heal? ( great multitudes ( m51 :i* %all we e/eem z mo/ contribut+ to ! public welf>e1--^? :o prep>e food = p]sons ( m>k1 or ^? :o prep>e x = ! multitudes8--tak+ = grant$ t 9 bo? cases ! food is equally :olesome & n\ri%+2 :ile x is evid5t t ! welf>e ( mank9d & ! common good are promot$ bett] by t physician :o att5ds to ! heal? ( ! _m1 ?an by "o :o conf9es 8 att5tion to a few4 ,*apt] ,,lx4 ,n[1 aft] und]/&+ ?is illu/ration1 we h to apply x to ! qualities ( spiritual food ) :i* ! rational "p ( man is n\ri%$4 ,see1 !n1 if ,plato & ! wise m5 among ! ,greeks1 9 ! beautiful ?+s !y say1 are n l ^? physicians :o conf9e _! att5tions to :at are call$ ! bett] classes ( society1 & despise ! multitude2 :]eas ! prophets among ! ,jews1 & ! disciples ( ,jesus1 :o despise m]e elegances ( /yle1 & :at is call$ 9 ,scripture 8! wisdom ( m510 8! wisdom accord+ to ! fle%10 :i* delights 9 :at is obscure1 resemble ^? :o /udy to provide ! mo/ :olesome food = ! l>ge/ numb] ( p]sons4 ,= ?is purpose !y adapt _! language & /yle to ! capacities ( ! common p1 & avoid :atev] w\ld seem =eign to !m1 le/ by ! introduction ( /range =ms ( expression !y %\ld produce a di/a/e = _! tea*+4 ,inde$1 if ! true use ( spiritual food1 to keep up ! figure1 is to produce 9 him :o p>takes ( x ! virtues ( pati5ce & g5tl5ess1 mu/ t disc\rse n be bett] prep>$ :5 x produces pati5ce & g5tl5ess 9 multitudes1 or makes !m gr[ 9 ^! virtues1 ?an t :i* conf9es its effects to a select few1 suppos+ t x does really make !m g5tle & pati5t8 ,if a ,greek wi%$ by :olesome in/ruction to b5efit p :o und]/ood only ,egyptian or ,syriac1 ! fir/ ?+ t he w\ld d w\ld be to le>n _! language2 & he w\ld r pass = a b>b>ian among ! ,greeks1 by speak+ z ! ,egyptians or ,syrians1 9 ord] to be useful to !m1 ?an always rema9 ,greek1 & be )\t ! means ( help+ !m4 ,9 ! same way ! div9e nature1 hav+ ! purpose ( in/ruct+ n only ^? :o are reput$ to be le>n$ 9 ! lit]ature ( ,greece1 b also ! re/ ( mank9d1 accommodat$ itself to ! capacities ( ! simple multitudes :om x address$4 ,x seeks to w9 ! att5tion ( ! m ignorant by ! use ( language :i* is famili> to !m1 s t !y may easily be induc$1 aft] _! fir/ introduction1 to /rive aft] an acqua9tance ) ! deep] tru?s :i* lie hidd5 9 ,scripture4 ,= ev5 ! ord9>y read] ( ,scripture may see t x conta9s _m ?+s :i* are too deep to be appreh5d$ at fir/2 b ^! are und]/ood by su* z devote !mselves to a c>eful /udy ( ! div9e ^w1 & !y become pla9 to !m 9 proportion to ! pa9s & zeal :i* !y exp5d ^u its inve/igation4 ,*apt] ,,lxi4 ,f ^! rem>ks x is evid5t1 t :5 ,jesus said 8co>sely10 z ,celsus t]ms x1 8,to him :o %all /rike !e on ! "o *eek1 turn ! o!r also2 & if any man be m9d$ to sue !e at ! law1 & take away ?y coat1 let him h ?y cloak also10#aeeb ,he express$ ,himself 9 su* a way z to make ! precept h m practical effect ?an ! words ( ,plato 9 ! ,crito2 = ! latt] is s f> f be+ intelligible to ord9>y p]sons1 t ev5 ^? h a difficulty 9 und]/&+ him1 :o h be5 br\ght up 9 ! s*ools ( le>n+1 & h be5 initiat$ into ! fam\s philosophy ( ,greece4 ,x may also be obs]v$1 t ! precept enjo9+ pati5ce "u injuries is 9 no way corrupt$ or degrad$ by ! pla9 & simple language :i* our ,"l employs1 b t 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r cases1 x is a m]e calumny aga9/ our religion :i* he utt]s :5 he says3 8,b let ?is suffice z "o example ( ! way 9 :i* ?is & o!r tru?s h be5 borr[$ & corrupt$4 ,any "o :o wi%es c easily by se>*+ f9d m ( !m40 ,footnote #aeeb3 ,matt4 v4 #ci1 #dj4 ,*apt] ,,lxii4 ,let u n[ see :at foll[s4 8,let u pass on10 says he1 8to ano!r po9t4 ,!y _c tol]ate temples1 alt>s1 or images4 ,9 ?is !y are l ! ,scy?ians1 ! nomadic tribes ( ,libya1 ! ,s]es :o wor%ip no god1 & "s o!r ( ! mo/ b>b>\s & impi\s nations 9 ! _w4 ,t ! ,p]sians hold ! same notions is %[n by ,h]odotus 9 ^! words3 #8,i "k t among ! ,p]sians x is consid]$ unlawful to erect images1 alt>s1 or temples2 b !y *>ge ^? ) folly :o d s1 because1 z ,i conjecture1 !y d n1 l ! ,greeks1 suppose ! gods to be ( ! nature ( m54'#aeec ,h]aclitus also says 9 "o place3 #8,p]sons :o address pray]s to ^! images act l ^? :o speak to ! walls1 )\t kn[+ :o ! gods or ! h]oes are4' ,& :at wis] lesson h !y to tea* u ?an ,h]aclitus8 ,he c]ta9ly pla9ly en\gh implies t x is a fooli% ?+ = a man to (f] pray]s to images1 :il/ he kn[s n :o ! gods & h]oes are4 ,?is is ! op9ion ( ,h]aclitus2 b z = !m1 !y g fur!r1 & despise )\t exception all images4 ,if !y m]ely mean t ! /one1 wood1 brass1 or gold :i* has be5 wr\ght by ?is or t workman _c be a god1 !y are ridicul\s ) _! wisdom4 ,= :o1 unless he be utt]ly *ildi% 9 8 simplicity1 c take ^! = gods1 & n = (f]+s consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( ! gods1 or images repres5t+ !m8 ,b if we are n to reg>d ^! z repres5t+ ! ,div9e ,be+1 see+ t ,god has a diff]5t =m1 z ! ,p]sians concur ) !m 9 say+1 !n let !m take c>e t !y d n contradict !mselves2 = !y say t ,god made man ,8 own image1 & t ,he gave him a =m l to ,himself4 ,h[ev]1 !y w admit t ^! images1 :e!r !y are l or n1 are made & d$icat$ to ! hon\r ( c]ta9 be+s4 ,b !y w hold t ! be+s to :om !y are d$icat$ are n gods1 b demons1 & t a wor%ipp] ( ,god ought n to wor%ip demons40 ,footnote #aeec3 ,h]od4 i4 #aca4 ,*apt] ,,lxiii4 ,to ?is our answ] is1 t if ! ,scy?ians1 ! nomadic tribes ( ,libya1 ! ,s]es1 :o accord+ to ,celsus h no god1 if ^? o!r mo/ b>b>\s & impi\s nations 9 ! _w1 & if ! ,p]sians ev5 _c be> ! sight ( temples1 alt>s1 & images1 x does n foll[ because we _c suff] !m any m ?an !y1 t ! gr\nds on :i* we object to !m are ! same z !irs4 ,we mu/ inquire into ! pr9ciples on :i* ! objection to temples & images is f\nd$1 9 ord] t we may approve ( ^? :o object on s\nd pr9ciples1 & condemn ^? ^: pr9ciples are false4 ,= "o & ! same ?+ may be done = diff]5t reasons4 ,= example1 ! philosoph]s :o foll[ ,z5o ( ,citium ab/a9 f committ+ adult]y1 ! foll[]s ( ,epicurus d s too1 z well z o!rs aga9 :o d s on no philosophical pr9ciples2 b obs]ve :at diff]5t reasons det]m9e ! conduct ( ^! diff]5t classes4 ,! fir/ consid] ! int]e/s ( society1 & hold x to be =bidd5 by nature t a man :o is a reasonable be+ %\ld corrupt a woman :om ! laws h already giv5 to ano!r1 & %\ld ?us break up ! h\sehold ( ano!r man4 ,! ,epicureans d n reason 9 ?is way2 b if !y ab/a9 f adult]y1 x is because1 reg>d+ pleasure z ! *ief end ( man1 !y p]ceive t "o :o gives himself up to adult]y1 enc\nt]s = ! sake ( ?is "o pleasure a multitude ( ob/acles to pleasure1 su* z imprisonm5t1 exile1 & dea? itself4 ,!y (t51 inde$1 run consid]able risk at ! outset1 :ile wat*+ = ! dep>ture f ! h\se ( ! ma/] & ^? 9 8 int]e/4 ,s t1 suppos+ x possible = a man to commit adult]y1 & escape ! k ( ! husb&1 ( 8 s]vants1 & ( o!rs ^: e/eem he w\ld =feit1 !n ! ,epicurean w\ld yield to ! commission ( ! crime = ! sake ( pleasure4 ,! man ( no philosophical sy/em1 aga91 :o ab/a9s f adult]y :5 ! opportunity comes to him1 does s g5]ally f dread ( ! law & its p5alties1 & n = ! sake ( enjoy+ a great] numb] ( o!r pleasures4 ,y see1 !n1 t an act :i* passes = be+ "o & ! same--namely1 ab/95ce f adult]y--is n ! same1 b diff]s 9 diff]5t m5 accord+ to ! motives :i* actuate x3 "o man refra9+ = s\nd reasons1 ano!r = su* bad & impi\s ones z ^? ( ! ,epicurean1 & ! common p]son ( :om we h spok54 ,*apt] ,,lxiv4 ,z1 !n1 ?is act ( self-re/ra9t1 :i* 9 appe>ance is "o & ! same1 is f\nd 9 fact to be diff]5t 9 diff]5t p]sons1 accord+ to ! pr9ciples & motives :i* lead to x2 s 9 ! same way ) ^? :o _c all[ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,div9e ,be+ alt>s1 or temples1 or images4 ,! ,scy?ians1 ! nomadic ,libyans1 ! godless ,s]es1 & ! ,p]sians1 agree 9 ?is ) ! ,*ri/ians & ,jews1 b !y are actuat$ by v diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,= none ( ^! =m] abhor alt>s & images on ! gr\nd t !y are afraid ( degrad+ ! wor%ip ( ,god1 & r$uc+ x to ! wor%ip ( mat]ial ?+s wr\ght by ! h&s ( m54 ,nei!r d !y object to !m f a belief t ! demons *oose c]ta9 =ms & places1 :e!r because !y are deta9$ !re by virtue ( c]ta9 *>ms1 or because = "s o!r possible reason !y h select$ ^! haunts1 :]e !y may pursue _! crim9al pleasures1 9 p>tak+ ( ! smoke ( sacrificial victims4 ,b ,*ri/ians & ,jews h reg>d to ?is comm&1 8,?\ %alt fe> ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & s]ve ,him alone20#aeed & ?is o!r1 8,?\ %alt h no o!r gods be=e me3 ?\ %alt n make unto !e any grav5 image1 or any lik5ess ( any?+ t is 9 heav5 above1 or t is 9 ! e>? b5ea?1 or t is 9 ! wat] "u ! e>?3 ?\ %alt n b[ d[n ?yself to !m1 nor s]ve !m20#aeee & aga91 8,?\ %alt wor%ip ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & ,him only %alt ?\ s]ve40#aeef ,x is 9 consid]ation ( ^! & _m o!r su* comm&s1 t !y n only avoid temples1 alt>s1 & images1 b are ready to suff] dea? :5 x is necess>y1 r ?an debase by any su* impiety ! conception :i* !y h ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god4 ,footnote #aeed3 ,deut4 vi4 #ac4 ,footnote #aeee3 ,ex4 xx4 #c1 #d4 ,footnote #aeef3 ,matt4 iv4 #aj4 ,*apt] ,,lxv4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,p]sians1 we h already said t ?\gh !y d n build temples1 yet !y wor%ip ! sun & ! o!r works ( ,god4 ,?is is =bidd5 to u1 = we h be5 taught n to wor%ip ! creature in/ead ( ! ,creator1 b to "k t 8! creation %all be deliv]$ f ! bondage ( corruption into ! lib]ty ( ! glory ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god20 & 8! e>ne/ expectation ( ! creation is wait+ = ! revelation ( ! sons ( ,god20 & 8! creation 0 made subject to vanity1 n will+ly1 b by reason ( him :o made x subject1 9 hope40#aeeg ,we believe1 !re=e1 t ?+s 8"u ! bondage ( corruption10 & 8subject to vanity10 :i* rema9 9 ?is condition 89 hope0 ( a bett] /ate1 ought n 9 our wor%ip to hold ! place ( ,god1 ! all-suffici5t1 & ( ,8 ,son1 ! fir/-born ( all creation4 ,let ?is suffice1 9 addition to :at we h already said ( ! ,p]sians1 :o abhor alt>s & images1 b :o s]ve ! creature in/ead ( ! ,creator4 ,z to ! passage quot$ by ,celsus f ,h]aclitus1 ! purport ( :i* he repres5ts z be+1 8t x is *ildi% folly = "o to (f] pray]s to images1 :il/ he kn[s n :o ! gods & h]oes are10 we may reply t x is easy to "k t ,god & ! only-begott5 ,son ( ,god1 & ^? :om ,god has hon\r$ ) ! title ( ,god1 & :o p>take ( ,8 div9e nature1 are v diff]5t f all ! gods ( ! nations :i* are demons2 b x is n possible at ! same "t to "k ,god & to address pray]s to images4 ,footnote #aeeg3 ,rom4 viii4 #ai-ba4 ,*apt] ,,lxvi4 ,& ! *>ge ( folly applies n only to ^? :o (f] pray]s to images1 b also to su* z pret5d to d s 9 compliance ) ! example ( ! multitude3 & to ?is class belong ! ,p]ipatetic philosoph]s & ! foll[]s ( ,epicurus & ,democritus4 ,= !re is no falsehood or pret5ce 9 ! s\l :i* is possess$ ) true piety t[>ds ,god4 ,ano!r reason also :y we ab/a9 f do+ hon\r to images1 is t we may give no support to ! notion t ! images are gods4 ,x is on ?is gr\nd t we condemn ,celsus1 & all o!rs :o1 :ile admitt+ t !y are n gods1 yet1 ) ! reputation ( be+ wise m51 r5d] to !m :at passes = homage4 ,9 ?is way !y lead into s9 ! multitude :o foll[ _! example1 & :o wor%ip ^! images n simply out ( def]5ce to cu/om1 b f a belief into :i* !y h fall5 t !y are true gods1 & t ^? are n to be li/5$ to :o hold t ! objects ( _! wor%ip are n true gods4 ,celsus1 inde$1 says t 8!y d n take !m = gods1 b only z (f]+s d$icat$ to ! gods40 ,b he does n prove t !y are n r d$icat$ to m5 ?an1 z he says1 to ! hon\r ( ! gods !mselves2 = x is cle> t !y are ! (f]+s ( m5 :o 7 9 error 9 _! views ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,moreov]1 we d n imag9e t ^! images are repres5tations ( ,god1 = !y _c repres5t a be+ :o is invisible & incorporeal4 ,b z ,celsus supposes t we fall into a contradiction1 :il/ on ! "o h& we say t ,god has n a human =m1 & on ! o!r we pr(ess to believe t ,god made man ! image ( ,himself1 & creat$ man ! image ( ,god2 our answ] is ! same z has be5 giv5 already1 t we hold ! resemblance to ,god to be pres]v$ 9 ! reasonable s\l1 :i* is =m$ to virtue1 al?\gh ,celsus1 :o does n see ! diff]5ce betwe5 8be+ ! image ( ,god10 & 8be+ creat$ aft] ! image ( ,god10 pret5ds t we said1 8,god made man ,8 own image1 & gave him a =m l to ,8 own40 ,b ?is also has be5 exam9$ be=e4 ,*apt] ,,lxvii4 ,8 next rem>k ^u ! ,*ri/ians is3 8,!y w admit t ^! images1 :e!r !y are l or n1 are made & d$icat$ to ! hon\r ( c]ta9 be+s2 b !y w hold t ! be+s to :om !y are d$icat$ are n gods1 b demons1 & t a wor%ipp] ( ,god ought n to wor%ip demons40 ,if he _h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( demons1 & ) _! sev]al op]ations1 :e!r l$ on to !m by ! conjurations ( ^? :o are skill$ 9 ! art1 or urg$ on by _! own incl9ation to act accord+ to _! p[] & incl9ation2 if1 ,i say1 he _h ?or\ghly und]/ood ?is subject1 :i* is bo? wide 9 ext5t & difficult = human compreh5sion1 he w\ld n h condemn$ u = say+ t ^? :o wor%ip ! ,supreme ,be+ %\ld n s]ve demons4 ,= ourselves1 s f> are we f wi%+ to s]ve demons1 t by ! use ( pray]s & o!r means :i* we le>n f ,scripture1 we drive !m out ( ! s\ls ( m51 out ( places :]e !y h e/abli%$ !mselves1 & ev5 sometimes f ! bodies ( animals2 = ev5 ^! creatures (t5 suff] f injuries inflict$ ^u !m by demons4 ,*apt] ,,lxviii4 ,aft] all t we h already said conc]n+ ,jesus1 x w\ld be a useless repetition = u to answ] ^! words ( ,celsus3 8,x is easy to convict !m ( wor%ipp+ n a god1 n ev5 demons1 b a dead p]son40 ,leav+1 !n1 ?is objection = ! reason assign$1 let u pass on to :at foll[s3 8,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i w\ld ask :y we are n to s]ve demons8 ,is x n true t all ?+s are ord]$ accord+ to ,god's w1 & t ,8 provid5ce gov]ns all ?+s8 ,is n ev]y?+ :i* happ5s 9 ! univ]se1 :e!r x be ! "w ( ,god1 ( angels1 ( o!r demons1 or ( h]oes1 regulat$ by ! law ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god8 ,h ^! n _h assign$ !m v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( :i* !y 7 sev]ally deem$ wor?y8 ,is x n j1 !re=e1 t he :o wor%ips ,god %\ld s]ve ^? also to :om ,god has assign$ su* p[]8 ,yet x is impossible1 he says1 = a man to s]ve _m ma/]s40 ,obs]ve "h aga9 h[ he settles at once a numb] ( que/ions :i* require consid]able rese>*1 & a pr(\nd acqua9tance ) :at is mo/ my/]i\s 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se4 ,= we mu/ inquire into ! mean+ ( ! /atem5t1 t 8all ?+s are ord]$ accord+ to ,god's w10 & asc]ta9 :e!r s9s are or are n includ$ among ! ?+s :i* ,god ord]s4 ,= if ,god's gov]nm5t ext5ds to s9s n only 9 m51 b also 9 demons & 9 any o!r spiritual be+s :o are capable ( s91 x is = ^? :o speak 9 ?is mann] to see h[ inconv5i5t is ! expression t 8all ?+s are ord]$ by ! w ( ,god40 ,= x foll[s f x t all s9s & all _! consequ5ces are ord]$ by ! w ( ,god1 :i* is a diff]5t ?+ f say+ t !y come to pass ) ,god's p]mission4 ,= if we take ! ^w 8ord]$0 9 its prop] signification1 & say t 8all ! results ( s9 7 ord]$10 !n x is evid5t t all ?+s are ord]$ accord+ to ,god's w1 & t all1 !re=e1 :o d evil d n (f5d aga9/ ,8 gov]nm5t4 ,& ! same di/9ction holds 9 reg>d to 8provid5ce40 ,:5 we say t 8! provid5ce ( ,god regulates all ?+s10 we utt] a great tru? if we attribute to t provid5ce no?+ b :at is j & "r4 ,b if we ascribe to ! provid5ce ( ,god all ?+s :atsoev]1 h[ev] unju/ !y may be1 !n x is no long] true t ! provid5ce ( ,god regulates all ?+s1 unless we ref] directly to ,god's provid5ce ?+s :i* fl[ z results f ,8 arrangem5ts4 ,celsus ma9ta9s also1 t 8:atev] happ5s 9 ! univ]se1 :e!r x be ! "w ( ,god1 ( angels1 ( o!r demons1 or ( h]oes1 is regulat$ by ! law ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god40 ,b ?is also is incorrect2 = we _c say t transgressors foll[ ! law ( ,god :5 !y transgress2 & ,scripture decl>es t x is n only wick$ m5 :o are transgressors1 b also wick$ demons & wick$ angels4 ,*apt] ,,lxix4 ,& x is n we alone :o speak ( wick$ demons1 b almo/ all :o ackn[l$ge ! exi/5ce ( demons4 ,?us1 !n1 x is n true t all obs]ve ! law ( ! ,mo/ ,high2 = all :o fall away f ! div9e law1 :e!r ?r\gh he$lessness1 or ?r\gh depravity & vice1 or ?r\gh ignorance ( :at is "r1 all su* d n keep ! law ( ,god1 b1 to use a new phrase :i* we f9d 9 ,scripture1 8! law ( s940 ,i say1 !n1 t 9 ! op9ion ( mo/ ( ^? :o believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( demons1 "s ( !m are wick$2 & ^!1 in/ead ( keep+ ! law ( ,god1 (f5d aga9/ x4 ,b1 accord+ to our belief1 x is true ( all demons1 t !y 7 n demons orig9ally1 b !y became s 9 dep>t+ f ! true way2 s t ! "n 8demons0 is giv5 to ^? be+s :o h fall5 away f ,god4 ,accord+ly1 ^? :o wor%ip ,god mu/ n s]ve demons4 ,we may also le>n ! true nature ( demons if we consid] ! practice ( ^? :o call ^u !m by *>ms to prev5t c]ta9 ?+s1 or = _m o!r purposes4 ,= ?is is ! me?od !y adopt1 9 ord] by means ( incantations & magical arts to invoke ! demons1 & induce !m to fur!r _! wi%es4 ,:]e=e ! wor%ip ( all demons w\ld be inconsi/5t 9 u :o wor%ip ! supreme ,god2 & ! s]vice ( demons is ! s]vice ( s-call$ gods1 = 8all ! gods ( ! hea!n are demons40#aeeh ,! same ?+ also appe>s f ! fact t ! d$ication ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ! s-call$ sacr$ places1 :e!r temples or /atues1 0 accompani$ by curi\s magical incantations1 :i* 7 p]=m$ by ^? :o zeal\sly s]v$ ! demons ) magical arts4 ,h5ce we are det]m9$ to avoid ! wor%ip ( demons ev5 z we w\ld avoid dea?2 & we hold t ! wor%ip1 :i* is suppos$ among ! ,greeks to be r5d]$ to gods at ! alt>s1 & images1 & temples1 is 9 reality (f]$ to demons4 ,footnote #aeeh3 ,ps4 xcvi4 #e 7,,lxx474 ,*apt] ,,lxx4 ,8 next rem>k 01 8,h n ^! inf]ior p[]s _h assign$ to !m by ,god diff]5t dep>tm5ts1 accord+ z ea* 0 deem$ wor?y80 ,b ?is is a "q :i* requires a v pr(\nd k4 ,= we mu/ det]m9e :e!r ! ,^w ( ,god1 :o gov]ns all ?+s1 has appo9t$ wick$ demons = c]ta9 employm5ts1 9 ! same way z 9 /ates execution]s are appo9t$1 & o!r (fic]s ) cruel b ne$ful duties to dis*>ge2 or :e!r z among robb]s1 :o infe/ des]t places1 x is cu/om>y = !m to *oose out ( _! numb] "o :o may be _! lead]1--s ! demons1 :o are scatt]$ z x 7 9 troops 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>?1 h *os5 = !mselves a *ief "u ^: comm& !y may plund] & pillage ! s\ls ( m54 ,to expla9 ?is fully1 & to ju/ify ! conduct ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 refus+ homage to any object except ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 & ! ,fir/-born ( all creation1 :o is ,8 ,^w & ,god1 we mu/ quote ?is f ,scripture1 8,all t ev] came be=e me are ?ieves & robb]s2 b ! %eep did n he> !m20 & aga91 8,! ?ief come? n b = to /eal1 & to kill1 & to de/roy20#aeei & o!r simil> passages1 z1 8,behold1 ,i h giv5 y au?ority to tread on s]p5ts & scorpions1 & ov] all ! p[] ( ! enemy2 & no?+ %all by any means hurt y20#aefj & aga91 8,?\ %alt tread ^u ! lion & add]3 ! "y lion & ! dragon %alt ?\ trample "u feet40#aefa ,b ( ^! ?+s ,celsus knew no?+1 or he w\ld n h made use ( language l ?is3 8,is n ev]y?+ :i* happ5s 9 ! univ]se1 :e!r x be ! "w ( ,god1 ( angels1 ( o!r demons1 or ( h]oes1 regulat$ by ! law ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god8 ,h ^! n _h assign$ to !m v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( :i* !y 7 sev]ally deem$ wor?y8 ,is x n j1 !re=e1 t he :o s]ves ,god %\ld s]ve ^? also to :om ,god has assign$ su* p[]80 ,to :i* he adds1 8,x is impossible1 !y say1 = a man to s]ve _m ma/]s40 ,?is la/ po9t we mu/ po/pone to ! next book2 = ?is1 :i* is ! sev5? book :i* we h writt5 9 answ] to ! treatise ( ,celsus1 is already ( suffici5t l5g?4 ,footnote #aeei3 ,john x4 #h-aj4 ,footnote #aefj3 ,luke x4 #ai4 ,footnote #aefa3 ,ps4 xci4 #ac4 ,,book ,,viii4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,hav+ complet$ sev5 books1 ,i n[ propose to beg9 ! eigh?4 ,& may ,god & ,8 only-begott5 ,son ! ,^w be ) u1 to enable u effectively to refute ! falsehoods :i* ,celsus has publi%$ "u ! delusive title ( ,a ,true ,disc\rse1 & at ! same "t to unfold ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity ) su* fulness z our purpose requires4 ,& z ,paul said1 8,we are ambassadors = ,*ri/1 z ?\gh ,god did besee* y by u10#aefb s w\ld we 9 ! same _s & language e>ne/ly desire to be ambassadors = ,*ri/ to m51 ev5 z ! ,^w ( ,god besee*es !m to ! love ( ,himself1 seek+ to w9 ov] to righte\sness1 tru?1 & ! o!r virtues1 ^? :o1 until !y receive ! doctr9es ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 live 9 d>kness ab\t ,god & 9 ignorance ( _! ,creator4 ,aga91 !n1 ,i w\ld say1 may ,god be/[ ^u u ,8 pure & true ,^w1 ev5 8! ,"l /rong & mighty 9 battle0#aefc aga9/ s94 ,we mu/ n[ proce$ to /ate ! next objection ( ,celsus1 & aft]w>ds to answ] x4 ,footnote #aefb3 #b ,cor4 v4 #bj4 ,footnote #aefc3 ,ps4 xxiv4 #h4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,9 a passage previ\sly quot$ ,celsus asks u :y we d n wor%ip demons1 & to 8 rem>ks on demons we gave su* an answ] z seem$ to u 9 accordance ) ! div9e ^w4 ,aft] hav+ put ?is "q = ! purpose ( lead+ u to ! wor%ip ( demons1 he repres5ts u z answ]+ t x is impossible to s]ve _m ma/]s4 8,?is10 he goes on to say1 8is ! language ( s$ition1 & is only us$ by ^? :o sep>ate !mselves & /& alo( f all human society4 ,^? :o speak 9 ?is way ascribe10 z he supposes1 8_! own feel+s & passions to ,god4 ,x does hold true among m51 t he :o is 9 ! s]vice ( "o ma/] _c well s]ve ano!r1 because ! s]vice :i* he r5d]s to ! "o int]f]es ) t :i* he owes to ! o!r2 & no "o1 !re=e1 :o has already engag$ himself to ! s]vice ( "o1 mu/ accept t ( ano!r4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 x is impossible to s]ve at ! same "t h]oes or demons ( diff]5t natures4 ,b 9 reg>d to ,god1 :o is subject to no suff]+ or loss1 x is10 he ?9ks1 8absurd to be on our gu>d aga9/ s]v+ m gods1 z ?\gh we _h to d ) demi-gods1 or o!r spirits ( t sort40 ,he says also1 8,he :o s]ves _m gods does t :i* is pleas+ to ! ,mo/ ,high1 because he hon\rs t :i* belongs to ,him40 ,& he adds1 8,x is inde$ wrong to give hon\r to any to :om ,god has n giv5 hon\r40 8,:]e=e10 he says1 89 hon\r+ & wor%ipp+ all belong+ to ,god1 we w n displease ,him to :om !y all belong40 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,be=e proce$+ to ! next po9t1 x may be well = u to see :e!r we d n accept ) approval ! say+1 8,no man c s]ve two ma/]s10 ) ! addition1 8= ei!r he w hate ! "o1 & love ! o!r2 or else he w hold to ! "o1 & despise ! o!r10 & fur!r1 8,ye _c s]ve ,god & mammon40#aefd ,! def5ce ( ?is passage w lead u to a deep] & m se>*+ inquiry into ! mean+ & application ( ! words 8gods0 & 8lords40 ,div9e ,scripture tea*es u t !re is 8a great ,"l above all gods40#aefe ,& by ?is "n 8gods0 we are n to und]/& ! objects ( hea!n wor%ip 7= we "k t 8all ! gods ( ! hea!n are demons0#aeff71 b ! gods m5tion$ by ! prophets z =m+ an assembly1 :om ,god 8judges10 & to ea* ( :om ,he assigns 8 prop] "w4 ,= 8,god /&e? 9 ! assembly ( ! gods3 ,he judge? among ! gods40#aefg ,= 8,god is ,"l ( gods10 :o by ,8 ,son 8ha? call$ ! e>? f ! ris+ ( ! sun unto ! go+ d[n !re(40#aefh ,we are also comm&$ to 8give ?anks to ! ,god ( gods40#aefi ,moreov]1 we are taught t 8,god is n ! ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+40#aegj ,nor are ^! ! only passages to ?is effect2 b !re are v _m o!rs4 ,footnote #aefd3 ,matt4 vi4 #bd4 ,footnote #aefe3 ,ps4 xcvii4 #i4 ,footnote #aeff3 ,ps4 xcvi4 #e4 ,footnote #aefg3 ,ps4 lxxxii4 #a4 ,footnote #aefh3 ,ps4 l4 #a4 ,footnote #aefi3 ,ps4 cxxxvi4 #b4 ,footnote #aegj3 ,matt4 xxii4 #cb4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! sacr$ ,scriptures tea* u to ?9k1 9 l mann]1 ( ! ,"l ( lords4 ,= !y say 9 "o place1 8,give ?anks to ! ,god ( gods1 = ,8 m]cy endure? = ev]4 ,give ?anks to ! ,"l ( lords1 = ,8 m]cy endure? = ev]20 & 9 ano!r1 8,god is ,k+ ( k+s1 & ,"l ( lords40 ,= ,scripture di/+ui%es betwe5 ^? gods :i* are su* only 9 "n & ^? :i* are truly gods1 :e!r !y are call$ by t "n or n2 & ! same is true 9 reg>d to ! use ( ! ^w 8lords40 ,to ?is effect ,paul says1 8,= ?\gh !re be t are call$ gods1 :e!r 9 heav5 or 9 e>?1 z !re are gods _m1 & lords _m40#aega ,b z ! ,god ( gods calls :om ,he pleases ?r\gh ,jesus to 8 inh]itance1 8f ! ea/ & f ! we/10 & ! ,*ri/ ( ,god ?us %[s ,8 sup]iority to all rul]s by ent]+ into _! sev]al prov9ces1 & summon+ m5 out ( !m to be subject to ,himself1 ,paul !re=e1 ) ?is 9 view1 goes on to say1 8,b to u !re is b "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ( :om are all ?+s1 & "o ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om are all ?+s1 & we by ,him20 add+1 z if ) a deep s5se ( ! m>vell\s & my/]i\s nature ( ! doctr9e1 8,h[beit1 !re is n 9 e man t k40 ,:5 he says1 8,to u !re is b "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ( :om are all ?+s2 & "o ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om are all ?+s10 by 8u0 he means himself & all ^? :o h ris5 up to ! supreme ,god ( gods & to ! supreme ,"l ( lords4 ,n[ he has ris5 to ! supreme ,god :o gives ,him an entire & undivid$ wor%ip ?r\gh ,8 ,son--! ^w & wisdom ( ,god made manife/ 9 ,jesus4 ,= x is ! ,son alone :o leads to ,god ^? :o are /riv+1 by ! purity ( _! ?\ghts1 words1 & de$s1 to come ne> to ,god ! ,creator ( ! univ]se4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 t ! pr9ce ( ?is _w1 :o 8trans=ms himself into an angel ( light10#aegb 0 ref]r+ to ?is & su* l /atem5ts 9 ! words1 8,him foll[s a ho/ ( gods & demons1 arrang$ 9 elev5 b&s40 ,speak+ ( himself & ! philosoph]s1 he says1 8,we are ( ! p>ty ( ,jupit]2 o!rs belong to o!r demons40#aegc ,footnote #aega3 #a ,cor4 viii4 #e1 etc4 ,footnote #aegb3 #b ,cor4 xi4 #ad4 ,footnote #aegc3 ,plato1 ,phdrus1 p4 #bdf4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,:il/ !re are ?us _m gods & lords1 :]e( "s are su* 9 reality1 & o!rs are su* only 9 "n1 we /rive to rise n only above ^? :om ! nations ( ! e>? wor%ip z gods1 b also beyond ^? spok5 ( z gods 9 ,scripture1 ( :om !y are :olly ignorant :o are /rang]s to ! cov5ants ( ,god giv5 by ,moses & by our ,savi\r ,jesus1 & :o h no "p 9 ! promises :i* ,he has made to u ?r\gh !m4 ,t man rises above all demon-wor%ip :o does no?+ t is pleas+ to demons2 & he rises to a bless$ness beyond t ( ^? :om ,paul calls 8gods10 if he is enabl$1 l !m1 or 9 any way he may1 8to look n at ! ?+s :i* are se51 b at ! ?+s :i* are unse540 ,& he :o consid]s t 8! e>ne/ expectation ( ! creature waite? = ! manife/ation ( ! sons ( ,god1 n will+ly1 b by reason ( him :o subject$ ! same 9 hope10 :il/ he praises ! creature1 & sees h[ 8x %all be fre$ altoge!r f ! bondage ( corruption1 & re/or$ to ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god10#aegd--su* a "o _c be induc$ to comb9e ) ! s]vice ( ,god ! s]vice ( any o!r1 or to s]ve two ma/]s4 ,!re is !re=e no?+ s$iti\s or facti\s 9 ! language ( ^? :o hold ^! views1 & :o refuse to s]ve m ma/]s ?an "o4 ,to !m ,jesus ,*ri/ is an all-suffici5t ,"l1 :o ,himself in/ructs !m1 9 ord] t :5 fully in/ruct$ ,he may =m !m into a k+dom wor?y ( ,god1 & pres5t !m to ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,b inde$ !y d 9 a s5se sep>ate !mselves & /& alo( f ^? :o are ali5s f ! commonweal? ( ,god & /rang]s to ,8 cov5ants1 9 ord] t !y may live z citiz5s ( heav51 8com+ to ! liv+ ,god1 & to ! city ( ,god1 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 & to an innum]able company ( angels1 to ! g5]al assembly & *ur* ( ! fir/-born1 :i* are writt5 9 heav540#aege ,footnote #aegd3 ,rom4 viii4 #ai1 #bj4 ,footnote #aege3 ,heb4 xii4 #bb1 #bc4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,b :5 we refuse to s]ve any o!r ?an ,god ?r\gh ,8 ^w & wisdom1 we d s1 n z ?\gh we w\ld !reby be do+ any h>m or injury to ,god1 9 ! same way z injury w\ld be done to a man by 8 s]vant ent]+ into ! s]vice ( ano!r1 b we fe> t we ourselves %\ld suff] h>m by depriv+ ourselves ( our portion 9 ,god1 ?r\gh :i* we live 9 ! p>ticipation ( ! div9e bless$ness1 & are imbu$ ) t excell5t _s ( adoption :i* 9 ! sons ( ! heav5ly ,fa!r cries1 n ) words1 b ) deep effect 9 ! inmo/ he>t1 8,abba1 ,fa!r40 ,! ,lac$monian ambassadors1 :5 br\ght be=e ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 refus$ to pro/rate !mselves be=e him1 :5 ! att5dants endeav\r$ to compel !m to d s1 out ( respect = t :i* alone _h au?ority & lord%ip ov] !m1 namely1 ! law ( ,lycurgus4#aegf ,b !y :o h a mu* great] & div9] embassy 9 8be+ ambassadors = ,*ri/0 %\ld n wor%ip any rul] among ,p]sians1 or ,greeks1 or ,egyptians1 or ( any nation :atev]1 ev5 al?\gh _! (fic]s & m9i/]s1 demons & angels ( ! devil1 %\ld seek to compel !m to d s1 & %\ld urge !m to set at n\ght a law :i* is mighti] ?an all ! laws ^u e>?4 ,= ! ,"l ( ^? :o are 8ambassadors = ,*ri/0 is ,*ri/ ,himself1 ^: ambassadors !y are1 & :o is 8! ,^w1 :o 0 9 ! beg9n+1 0 ) ,god1 & 0 ,god40#aegg ,footnote #aegf3 ,h]od4 vii4 #acf4 ,footnote #aegg3 ,john i4 #a4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,b :5 ,celsus speaks ( h]oes & demons1 he />ts a deep] "q ?an he is aw>e (4 ,= aft] ! /atem5t :i* he made 9 reg>d to s]vice among m51 t 8! fir/ ma/] is injur$ :5 any ( 8 s]vants wi%es at ! same "t to s]ve ano!r10 he adds1 t 8! same holds true ( h]oes1 & o!r demons ( t k9d40 ,n[ we mu/ inquire ( him :at nature he ?9ks ^? h]oes & demons possess ( :om he affirms t he :o s]ves "o h]o may n s]ve ano!r1 & he :o s]ves "o demon may n s]ve ano!r1 z ?\gh ! =m] h]o or demon w\ld be injur$ 9 ! same way z m5 are injur$ :5 !y :o s]ve !m fir/ aft]w>ds give !mselves to ! s]vice ( o!rs4 ,let him also /ate :at loss he supposes ^? h]oes or demons w suff]4 ,= he w be driv5 ei!r to plunge into endless absurdities1 & fir/ repeat1 !n retract 8 previ\s /atem5ts2 or else to ab&on 8 frivol\s conjectures1 & confess t he und]/&s no?+ ( ! nature ( h]oes & demons4 ,& 9 reg>d to 8 /atem5t1 t m5 suff] injury :5 ! s]vant ( "o man ent]s ! s]vice ( a second ma/]1 ! "q arises3 8,:at is ! nature ( ! injury :i* is done to ! =m] ma/] by a s]vant :o1 :ile s]v+ him1 wi%es at ! same "t to s]ve ano!r80 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,= if he answ]s1 z "o :o is unle>n$ & ignorant ( philosophy1 t ! injury su/a9$ is "o :i* reg>ds ?+s t are outside ( u1 x w be pla9ly manife/ t he kn[s no?+ ( t fam\s say+ ( ,socrates1 8,anytus & ,melitus may kill me1 b !y _c injure me2 = x is impossible t ! bett] %\ld ev] be injur$ by ! worse40 ,b if by injury he means a wick$ impulse or an evil habit1 x is pla9 t no injury ( ?is k9d w\ld befall ! wise1 by "o man s]v+ two wise m5 9 diff]5t places4 ,if ?is s5se does n suit 8 purpose1 x is evid5t t 8 endeav\rs are va9 to weak5 ! au?ority ( ! passage1 8,no man c s]ve two ma/]s20 = ^! words c be p]fectly true only :5 !y ref] to ! s]vice :i* we r5d] to ! ,mo/ ,high ?r\gh ,8 ,son1 :o leade? u to ,god4 ,& we w n s]ve ,god z ?\gh ,he /ood 9 ne$ ( our s]vice1 or z ?\gh ,he w\ld be made unhappy if we ceas$ to s]ve ,him2 b we d x because we are ourselves b5efit$ by ! s]vice ( ,god1 & because we are fre$ f griefs & tr\bles by s]v+ ! ,mo/ ,high ,god ?r\gh ,8 only begott5 ,son1 ! ,^w & ,wisdom4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,& obs]ve ! recklessness ( t expression1 8,= if ?\ wor%ip any o!r ( ! ?+s 9 ! univ]se10 z ?\gh he w\ld h u believe t we are l$ by our s]vice ( ,god to ! wor%ip ( any o!r ?+s :i* belong to ,god1 )\t any injury to ourselves4 ,b1 z if feel+ 8 error1 he corrects ! words1 8,if ?\ wor%ip any o!r ( ! ?+s 9 ! univ]se10 by add+1 8,we may hon\r none1 h[ev]1 except ^? to :om t "r has be5 giv5 by ,god40 ,& we w\ld put to ,celsus ?is "q 9 reg>d to ^? :o are hon\r$ z gods1 z demons1 or z h]oes3 8,n[1 sir1 c y prove t ! "r to be hon\r$ has be5 giv5 to ^! by ,god1 & t x has n aris5 f ! ignorance & folly ( m5 :o 9 _! w&]+s h fall5 away f ,him to :om alone wor%ip & s]vice are prop]ly due8 ,y said a little ago1 ,o ,celsus1 t ,ant9\s1 ! fav\rite ( ,adrian1 is hon\r$2 b surely y w n say t ! "r to be wor%ipp$ z a god 0 giv5 to him by ! ,god ( ! univ]se8 ,& s ( ! o!rs1 we ask pro( t ! "r to be wor%ipp$ 0 giv5 to !m by ! ,mo/ ,high ,god40 ,b if ! same "q is put to u 9 reg>d to ! wor%ip ( ,jesus1 we w %[ t ! "r to be hon\r$ 0 giv5 to ,him by ,god1 8t all may hon\r ! ,son1 ev5 z !y hon\r ! ,fa!r40#aegh ,= all ! prophecies :i* prec$$ ,8 bir? 7 prep>ations = ,8 wor%ip4 ,& ! wond]s :i* ,he wr\ght--?r\gh no magical art1 z ,celsus supposes1 b by a div9e p[]1 :i* 0 =etold by ! prophets--h s]v$ z a te/imony f ,god 9 behalf ( ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/4 ,he :o hon\rs ! ,son1 :o is ! ,^w & ,reason1 acts 9 n[ise contr>y to reason1 & ga9s = himself great good2 he :o hon\rs ,him1 :o is ! ,tru?1 becomes bett] by hon\r+ tru?3 & ?is we may say ( hon\r+ wisdom1 righte\sness1 & all ! o!r names by :i* ! sacr$ ,scriptures are wont to designate ! ,son ( ,god4 ,footnote #aegh3 ,john v4 #bc4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,b t ! hon\r :i* we pay to ! ,son ( ,god1 z well z t :i* we r5d] to ,god ! ,fa!r1 consi/s ( an upright c\rse ( life1 is pla9ly taught u by ! passage1 8,?\ t make/ ?y boa/ ( ! law1 ?r\gh break+ ! law di%on\re/ ?\ ,god80#aegi & also1 8,( h[ mu* sor] puni%m5t1 suppose ye1 %all he be ?\ght wor?y1 :o ha? trodd5 "u foot ! ,son ( ,god1 & ha? c\nt$ ! blood ( ! cov5ant1 :]e) he 0 sanctifi$1 an unholy ?+1 & ha? done despite unto ! ,_s ( grace80#aehj ,= if he :o transgresses ! law di%on\rs ,god by 8 transgression1 & he :o treads "u foot ! ^w treads "u foot ! ,son ( ,god1 x is evid5t t he :o keeps ! law hon\rs ,god1 & t ! wor%ipp] ( ,god is he ^: life is regulat$ by ! pr9ciples & precepts ( ! div9e ^w4 ,_h ,celsus kn[n :o !y are :o are ,god's p1 & t !y alone are wise1--& :o !y are :o are /rang]s to ,god1 & t ^! are all ! wick$ :o h no desire to give !mselves to virtue1--he w\ld h consid]$ be=e he gave expression to ! words1 8,h[ c he :o hon\rs any ( ^? :om ,god ackn[l$ges z ,8 own be displeas+ to ,god1 to :om !y all belong80 ,footnote #aegi3 ,rom4 ii4 #bc4 ,footnote #aehj3 ,heb4 x4 #bi4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,he adds1 8,& inde$ he :o1 :5 speak+ ( ,god1 ass]ts t !re is only "o :o may be call$ ,"l1 speaks impi\sly1 = he divides ! k+dom ( ,god1 & raises a s$ition !re91 imply+ t !re are sep>ate factions 9 ! div9e k+dom1 & t !re exi/s "o :o is ,8 enemy40 ,he might speak aft] ?is fa%ion1 if he c\ld prove by conclusive argum5ts t ^? :o are wor%ipp$ z gods by ! hea!ns are truly gods1 & n m]ely evil spirits1 :i* are suppos$ to haunt /atues & temples & alt>s4 ,b we desire n only to und]/& ! nature ( t div9e k+dom ( :i* we are cont9ually speak+ & writ+1 b also ourselves to be ( ^? :o are "u ! rule ( ,god alone1 s t ! k+dom ( ,god may be ours4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 :o tea*es u to wor%ip _m gods1 ought 9 consi/5cy n to speak ( 8! k+dom ( ,god10 b ( 8! k+dom ( ! gods40 ,!re are !re=e no factions 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 nor is !re any god :o is an adv]s>y to ,him1 al?\gh !re are "s :o1 l ! giants & ,titans1 9 _! wick$ness wi% to cont5d ) ,god 9 company ) ,celsus1 & ^? :o decl>e w> aga9/ ,him :o has by innum]able pro(s e/abli%$ ! claims ( ,jesus1 & aga9/ ,him :o1 z ! ,^w1 did1 = ! salvation ( our race1 %[ ,himself be=e all ! _w 9 su* a =m z ea* 0 able to receive ,him4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,9 :at foll[s1 "s may imag9e t he says some?+ plausible aga9/ u4 8,if10 says he1 8^! p wor%ipp$ "o ,god alone1 & no o!r1 !y w\ld p]haps h "s valid argum5t aga9/ ! wor%ip ( o!rs4 ,b !y pay excessive rev]5ce to "o :o has b lately appe>$ among m51 & !y ?9k x no (f5ce aga9/ ,god if !y wor%ip also ,8 s]vant40 ,to ?is we reply1 t if ,celsus _h kn[n t say+1 8,i & my ,fa!r are "o10#aeha & ! words us$ 9 pray] by ! ,son ( ,god1 8,z ,?\ & ,i are "o10#aehb he w\ld n h suppos$ t we wor%ip any o!r besides ,him :o is ! supreme ,god4 8,=10 says ,he1 8my ,fa!r is 9 me1 & ,i 9 ,him40#aehc ,& if any %\ld f ^! words be afraid ( our go+ ov] to ! side ( ^? :o d5y t ! ,fa!r & ! ,son are two p]sons1 let him weigh t passage1 8,& ! multitude ( !m t believ$ 7 ( "o he>t & ( "o s\l10#aehd t he may und]/& ! mean+ ( ! say+1 8,i & my ,fa!r are "o40 ,we wor%ip "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 !re=e1 z we h expla9$2 & our argum5t aga9/ ! wor%ip ( o!r gods /ill cont9ues valid4 ,& we d n 8rev]5ce beyond measure "o :o has b lately appe>$10 z ?\gh ,he did n exi/ be=e2 = we believe ,himself :5 ,he says1 8,be=e ,abraham 01 ,i am40#aehe ,aga9 ,he says1 8,i am ! tru?20#aehf & surely none ( u is s simple z to suppose t tru? did n exi/ be=e ! "t :5 ,*ri/ appe>$4 ,we wor%ip1 !re=e1 ! ,fa!r ( tru?1 & ! ,son1 :o is ! tru?2 & ^!1 :ile !y are two1 consid]$ z p]sons or subsi/5ces1 are "o 9 unity ( ?\ght1 9 h>mony & 9 id5tity ( w4 ,s entirely are !y "o1 t he :o has se5 ! ,son1 8:o is ! brightness ( ,god's glory1 & ! express image ( ,8 p]son10#aehg has se5 9 ,him :o is ! image ( ,god1 ,god ,himself4 ,footnote #aeha3 ,john x4 #cj4 ,footnote #aehb3 ,john xvii4 #bb4 ,footnote #aehc3 ,john xiv4 #aa1 & xvii4 #ba4 ,footnote #aehd3 ,acts iv4 #cb4 ,footnote #aehe3 ,john viii4 #eh4 ,footnote #aehf3 ,john xiv4 #f4 ,footnote #aehg3 ,heb4 i4 #c4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,he fur!r supposes1 t 8because we jo9 along ) ! wor%ip ( ,god ! wor%ip ( ,8 ,son1 x foll[s t1 9 our view1 n only ,god1 b also ! s]vants ( ,god1 are to be wor%ipp$40 ,if he _h meant ?is to apply to ^? :o are truly ! s]vants ( ,god1 aft] ,8 only-begott5 ,son1--to ,gabriel & ,mi*ael1 & ! o!r angels & ar*angels1--& if he _h said ( ^! t !y ought to be wor%ipp$1--if also he _h cle>ly def9$ ! mean+ ( ! ^w 8wor%ip10 & ! duties ( ! wor%ipp]s1--we might p]haps h br\ght =w>d su* ?\ghts z h occurr$ to u on s important a subject4 ,b z he reckons among ! s]vants ( ,god ! demons :i* are wor%ipp$ by ! hea!n1 he _c induce u1 on ! plea ( consi/5cy1 to wor%ip su* z are decl>$ by ! ^w to be s]vants ( ! evil "o1 ! pr9ce ( ?is _w1 :o leads a/ray f ,god z _m z he c4 ,we decl9e1 !re=e1 altoge!r to wor%ip & s]ve ^? :om o!r m5 wor%ip1 = ! reason t !y are n s]vants ( ,god4 ,= if we _h be5 taught to reg>d !m z s]vants ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 we w\ld n h call$ !m demons4 ,accord+ly1 we wor%ip ) all our p[] ! "o ,god1 & ,8 only ,son1 ! ,^w & ! ,image ( ,god1 by pray]s & supplications2 & we (f] our petitions to ! ,god ( ! univ]se ?r\gh ,8 only-begott5 ,son4 ,to ! ,son we fir/ pres5t !m1 & besee* ,him1 z 8! propitiation = our s9s10#aehh & our ,high ,prie/1 to (f] our desires1 & sacrifices1 & pray]s1 to ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,our fai?1 !re=e1 is direct$ to ,god ?r\gh ,8 ,son1 :o /r5g!ns x 9 u2 & ,celsus c nev] %[ t ! ,son ( ,god is ! cause ( any s$ition or disloyalty 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,we hon\r ! ,fa!r :5 we admire ,8 ,son1 ! ,^w1 & ,wisdom1 & ,tru?1 & ,righte\sness1 & all t ,he :o is ! ,son ( s great a ,fa!r is said 9 ,scripture to be4 ,s mu* on ?is po9t4 ,footnote #aehh3 #a ,john ii4 #b4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,aga9 ,celsus proce$s3 8,if y %\ld tell !m t ,jesus is n ! ,son ( ,god1 b t ,god is ! ,fa!r ( all1 & t ,he alone ought to be truly wor%ipp$1 !y w\ld n cons5t to discont9ue _! wor%ip ( him :o is _! lead] 9 ! s$ition4 ,& !y call him ,son ( ,god1 n out ( any extreme rev]5ce = ,god1 b f an extreme desire to extol ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,we1 h[ev]1 h le>n$ :o ! ,son ( ,god is1 & "k t ,he is 8! brightness ( ,8 glory1 & ! express image ( ,8 p]son10 & 8! brea? ( ! p[] ( ,god1 & a pure influ5ce fl[+ f ! glory ( ! ,almighty20 moreov]1 8! brightness ( ! ev]la/+ light1 ! unspott$ mirror ( ! p[] ( ,god1 & ! image ( ,8 goodness40#aehi ,we "k1 !re=e1 t ,he is ! ,son ( ,god1 & t ,god is ,8 ,fa!r4 ,& !re is no?+ extravagant or unbecom+ ! "* ( ,god 9 ! doctr9e t ,he %\ld h begott5 su* an only ,son2 & no "o w p]suade u t su* a "o is n a ,son ( ! unbegott5 ,god & ,fa!r4 ,if ,celsus has he>d some?+ ( c]ta9 p]sons hold+ t ! ,son ( ,god is n ! ,son ( ! ,creator ( ! univ]se1 t is a matt] :i* lies betwe5 him & ! support]s ( su* an op9ion4 ,jesus is1 !n1 n ! lead] ( any s$iti\s movem5t1 b ! promot] ( peace4 ,= ,he said to ,8 disciples1 8,peace ,i leave ) y1 my peace ,i give unto y20 & z ,he knew t x w\ld be m5 ( ! _w1 & n m5 ( ,god1 :o w\ld wage w> aga9/ u1 he add$1 8,n z ! _w give? peace1 d ,i give peace unto y40#aeij ,& ev5 al?\gh we are oppress$ 9 ! _w1 we h confid5ce 9 ,him :o said1 8,9 ! _w ye %all h tribulation2 b be ( good *e]1 ,i h ov]come ! _w40 ,& x is ,he :om we call ,son ( ,god--,son ( t ,god1 namely1 :om1 to quote ! words ( ,celsus1 8we mo/ highly rev]5ce20 & ,he is ! ,son :o has be5 mo/ highly exalt$ by ! ,fa!r4 ,grant t !re may be "s individuals among ! multitudes ( believ]s :o are n 9 entire agreem5t ) u1 & :o incauti\sly ass]t t ! ,savi\r is ! ,mo/ ,high ,god2 h[ev]1 we d n hold ) !m1 b r believe ,him :5 ,he says1 8,! ,fa!r :o s5t me is great] ?an ,i40#aeia ,we w\ld n !re=e make ,him :om we call ,fa!r inf]ior--z ,celsus accuses u ( do+--to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,footnote #aehi3 ,wisd4 vii4 #be1 #bf4 ,footnote #aeij3 ,john xiv4 #bg4 ,footnote #aeia3 ,john xiv4 #bh4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,celsus goes on to say3 8,t ,i may give a true repres5tation ( _! fai?1 ,i w use _! own words1 z giv5 9 :at is call$ ,a ,heav5ly ,dialogue3 #8,if ! ,son is mighti] ?an ,god1 & ! ,son ( man is ,"l ov] ,him1 :o else ?an ! ,son c be ,"l ov] t ,god :o is ! rul] ov] all ?+s8 ,h[ comes x1 t :ile s _m g ab\t ! well1 no "o goes d[n into x8 ,:y art ?\ afraid :5 ?\ ha/ gone s f> on ! way8 ,answ]3 ,?\ art mi/ak51 = ,i lack nei!r c\rage nor weapons4' ,is x n evid5t1 !n1 t _! views are precisely su* z ,i h describ$ !m to be8 ,!y suppose t ano!r ,god1 :o is above ! heav5s1 is ! ,fa!r ( him :om ) "o accord !y hon\r1 t !y may hon\r ?is ,son ( man alone1 :om !y exalt "u ! =m & "n ( ! great ,god1 & :om !y ass]t to be /rong] ?an ,god1 :o rules ! _w1 & t he rules ov] ,him4 ,& h5ce t maxim ( !irs1 #8,x is impossible to s]ve two ma/]s1' is ma9ta9$ = ! purpose ( keep+ up ! p>ty :o are on ! side ( ?is ,"l40 ,"h1 aga91 ,celsus quotes op9ions f "s mo/ obscure sect ( h]etics1 & ascribes !m to all ,*ri/ians4 ,i call x 8a mo/ obscure sect20 = al?\gh we h (t5 cont5d$ ) h]etics1 yet we are unable to discov] f :at set ( op9ions he has tak5 ?is passage1 if inde$ he has quot$ x f any au?or1 & has n r concoct$ x himself1 or add$ x z an inf]5ce ( 8 own4 ,= we :o say t ! visible _w is "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,him :o creat$ all ?+s1 d !reby decl>e t ! ,son is n mighti] ?an ! ,fa!r1 b inf]ior to ,him4 ,& ?is belief we gr\nd on ! say+ ( ,jesus ,himself1 8,! ,fa!r :o s5t me is great] ?an ,i40 ,& none ( u is s insane z to affirm t ! ,son ( man is ,"l ov] ,god4 ,b :5 we reg>d ! ,savi\r z ,god ! ,^w1 & ,wisdom1 & ,righte\sness1 & ,tru?1 we c]ta9ly d say t ,he has dom9ion ov] all ?+s :i* h be5 subject$ to ,him 9 ?is capacity1 b n t ,8 dom9ion ext5ds ov] ! ,god & ,fa!r :o is ,rul] ov] all4 ,besides1 z ! ,^w rules ov] none aga9/ _! w1 !re are /ill wick$ be+s--n only m51 b also angels1 & all demons--ov] :om we say t 9 a s5se ,he does n rule1 s9ce !y d n yield ,him a will+ ob$i5ce2 b1 9 ano!r s5se ( ! ^w1 ,he rules ev5 ov] !m1 9 ! same way z we say t man rules ov] ! irrational animals1--n by p]suasion1 b z "o :o tames & subdues lions & bea/s ( burd54 ,nev]!less1 ,he leaves no means untri$ to p]suade ev5 ^? :o are /ill disob$i5t to submit to ,8 au?ority4 ,s f> z we are conc]n$1 !re=e1 we d5y ! tru? ( t :i* ,celsus quotes z "o ( our say+s1 8,:o else ?an ,he c be ,"l ov] ,him :o is ,god ov] all80 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ! extract giv5 by ,celsus seems to h be5 tak5 f "s o!r =m ( h]esy1 & ! :ole jumbl$ toge!r 9 /range confusion3 8,h[ is x1 t :ile s _m g ab\t ! well1 no "o goes d[n into x8 ,:y do/ ?\ %r9k ) fe> :5 ?\ ha/ gone s f> on ! way8 ,answ]3 ,?\ art mi/ak51 = ,i lack nei!r c\rage nor weapons40 ,we :o belong to ! *ur* :i* takes its "n f ,*ri/1 ass]t t none ( ^! /atem5ts are true4 ,= he seems to h made !m simply t !y might h>monize ) :at he _h said be=e2 b !y h no ref]5ce to u4 ,= x is a pr9ciple ) u1 n to wor%ip any god :om we m]ely 8suppose0 to exi/1 b ,him alone :o is ! ,creator ( ?is univ]se1 & ( all ?+s besides :i* are unse5 by ! eye ( s5se4 ,^! rem>ks ( ,celsus may apply to ^? :o g on ano!r road & tread o!r pa?s f u1--m5 :o d5y ! ,creator1 & make to !mselves ano!r god "u a new =m1 hav+ no?+ b ! "n ( ,god1 :om !y e/eem high] ?an ! ,creator2 & ) ^! may be jo9$ any t !re may be :o say t ! ,son is great] ?an ! ,god :o rules all ?+s4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! precept t we ought n to s]ve two ma/]s1 we h already %[n :at appe>s to u ! pr9ciple conta9$ 9 x1 :5 we prov$ t no s$ition or disloyalty c\ld be *>g$ aga9/ ! foll[]s ( ,jesus _! ,"l1 :o confess t !y reject e o!r "l1 & s]ve ,him alone :o is ! ,son & ,^w ( ,god4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,celsus !n proce$s to say t 8we %r9k f rais+ alt>s1 /atues1 & temples2 & ?is10 he ?9ks1 8has be5 agre$ ^u among u z ! badge or di/9ctive m>k ( a secret & =bidd5 society40 ,he does n p]ceive t we reg>d ! _s ( e good man z an alt> f :i* arises an inc5se :i* is truly & spiritually sweet-smell+1 namely1 ! pray]s asc5d+ f a pure consci5ce4 ,!re=e x is said by ,john 9 ! ,revelation1 8,! od\rs are ! pray]s ( sa9ts20#aeib & by ! ,psalmi/1 8,let my pray] come up be=e ,!e z inc5se40#aeic ,& ! /atues & gifts :i* are fit (f]+s to ,god are ! "w ( no common me*anics1 b are wr\ght & fa%ion$ 9 u by ! ,^w ( ,god1 to wit1 ! virtues 9 :i* we imitate 8! ,fir/-born ( all creation10 :o has set u an example ( ju/ice1 ( temp]ance1 ( c\rage1 ( wisdom1 ( piety1 & ( ! o!r virtues4 ,9 all ^?1 !n1 :o plant & cultivate )9 _! s\ls1 accord+ to ! div9e ^w1 temp]ance1 ju/ice1 wisdom1 piety1 & o!r virtues1 ^! excell5ces are _! /atues !y raise1 9 :i* we are p]suad$ t x is becom+ = u to hon\r ! model & prototype ( all /atues3 8! image ( ! invisible ,god10 ,god ! only-begott54 ,& aga91 !y :o 8put (f ! old man ) 8 de$s1 & put on ! new man1 :i* is r5ew$ 9 k aft] ! image ( ,him t ha? creat$ him10 9 tak+ ^u !m ! image ( ,him :o ha? creat$ !m1 d raise )9 !mselves a /atue l to :at ! ,mo/ ,high ,god ,himself desires4 ,& z among /atu>ies !re are "s :o are m>vell\sly p]fect 9 _! art1 z = example ,pheidias & ,polycleitus1 & among pa9t]s1 ,zeuxis & ,apelles1 :il/ o!rs make inf]ior /atues1 & o!rs1 aga91 are inf]ior to ! second-rate arti/s1--s t1 tak+ all toge!r1 !re is a wide diff]5ce 9 ! execution ( /atues & pictures1--9 ! same way !re are "s :o =m images ( ! ,mo/ ,high 9 a bett] mann] & ) a m p]fect skill2 s t !re is no comp>ison ev5 betwe5 ! ,olympian ,jupit] ( ,pheidias & ! man :o has be5 fa%ion$ accord+ to ! image ( ,god ! ,creator4 ,b by f> ! mo/ excell5t ( all ^! ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( creation is t image 9 our ,savi\r :o said1 8,my ,fa!r is 9 me40 ,footnote #aeib3 ,rev4 v4 #h4 ,footnote #aeic3 ,ps4 cxli4 #b4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,& e "o :o imitates ,him accord+ to 8 ability1 does by ?is v endeav\r raise a /atue accord+ to ! image ( ! ,creator1 = 9 ! contemplation ( ,god ) a pure he>t !y become imitators ( ,him4 ,&1 9 g5]al1 we see t all ,*ri/ians /rive to raise alt>s & /atues z we h describ$ !m1 & ^! n ( a lifeless & s5seless k9d1 & n to receive gre$y spirits int5t ^u lifeless ?+s1 b to be fill$ ) ! ,_s ( ,god :o dwells 9 ! images ( virtue ( :i* we h spok51 & takes ,8 abode 9 ! s\l :i* is con=m$ to ! image ( ! ,creator4 ,?us ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ dwells 9 ^? :o be>1 s to say1 a resemblance 9 =m & feature to ,himself4 ,& ! ,^w ( ,god1 wi%+ to set ?is cle>ly be=e u1 repres5ts ,god z promis+ to ! righte\s1 8,i w dwell 9 !m1 & walk among !m2 & ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be my p40#aeid ,& ! ,savi\r says1 8,if any man he> my words1 & d !m1 ,i & my ,fa!r w come to him1 & make our abode ) him40#aeie ,let any "o1 !re=e1 :o *ooses comp>e ! alt>s :i* ,i h describ$ ) ^? spok5 ( by ,celsus1 & ! images 9 ! s\ls ( ^? :o wor%ip ! ,mo/ ,high ,god ) ! /atues ( ,pheidias1 ,polycleitus1 & su* l1 & he w cle>ly p]ceive1 t :ile ! latt] are lifeless ?+s1 & subject to ! ravages ( "t1 ! =m] abide 9 ! immortal _s z long z ! reasonable s\l wi%es to pres]ve !m4 ,footnote #aeid3 #b ,cor4 vi4 #af4 ,footnote #aeie3 ,john xiv4 #bc4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,& if1 fur!r1 temples are to be comp>$ ) temples1 t we may prove to ^? :o accept ! op9ions ( ,celsus t we d n object to ! erection ( temples suit$ to ! images & alt>s ( :i* we h spok51 b t we d refuse to build lifeless temples to ! ,giv] ( all life1 let any "o :o *ooses le>n h[ we are taught1 t our bodies are ! temple ( ,god1 & t if any "o by lu/ or s9 defiles ! temple ( ,god1 he w himself be de/roy$1 z act+ impi\sly t[>ds ! true temple4 ,( all ! temples spok5 ( 9 ?is s5se1 ! be/ & mo/ excell5t 0 ! pure & holy body ( our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:5 ,he knew t wick$ m5 might aim at ! de/ruction ( ! temple ( ,god 9 ,him1 b t _! purposes ( de/ruction w\ld n prevail aga9/ ! div9e p[] :i* _h built t temple1 ,he says to !m1 8,de/roy ?is temple1 & 9 ?ree days ,i w raise x aga94444 ,?is ,he said ( ! temple ( ,8 body40#aeif ,& 9 o!r p>ts ( holy ,scripture :]e x speaks ( ! my/]y ( ! resurrection to ^? ^: e>s are div9ely op5$1 x says t ! temple :i* has be5 de/roy$ %all be built up aga9 ( liv+ & mo/ preci\s /ones1 !reby giv+ u to und]/& t ea* ( ^? :o are l$ by ! ^w ( ,god to /rive toge!r 9 ! duties ( piety1 w be a preci\s /one 9 ! "o great temple ( ,god4 ,accord+ly1 ,pet] says1 8,ye also1 z lively /ones1 are built up a spiritual h\se1 an holy prie/hood1 to (f] up spiritual sacrifices1 acceptable to ,god by ,jesus ,*ri/20#aeig & ,paul also says1 8,be+ built ^u ! f\ndation ( ! apo/les & prophets1 ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l be+ ! *ief corn]-/one40#aeih ,& !re is a simil> hidd5 allusion 9 ?is passage 9 ,isaiah1 :i* is address$ to ,j]usalem3 8,behold1 ,i w lay ?y /ones ) c>buncles1 & lay ?y f\ndations ) sapphires4 ,& ,i w make ?y battlem5ts ( jasp]1 & ?y gates ( cry/al1 & all ?y bord]s ( pleasant /ones4 ,& all ?y *ildr5 %all be taught ( ! ,"l2 & great %all be ! peace ( ?y *ildr54 ,9 righte\sness %alt ?\ be e/abli%$40#aeii ,footnote #aeif3 ,john ii4 #ai1 #ba4 ,footnote #aeig3 #a ,pet4 ii4 #e4 ,footnote #aeih3 ,eph4 ii4 #bj4 ,footnote #aeii3 ,isa4 liv4 #aa-ad4 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,!re are1 !n1 among ! righte\s "s :o are c>buncles1 o!rs sapphires1 o!rs jasp]s1 & o!rs cry/al1 & ?us !re is among ! righte\s e k9d ( *oice & preci\s /one4 ,z to ! spiritual mean+ ( ! diff]5t /ones1--:at is _! nature1 & to :at k9d ( s\l ! "n ( ea* preci\s /one especially applies1--we _c at pres5t /ay to exam9e4 ,we h only felt x necess>y to %[ ?us briefly :at we und]/& by temples1 & :at ! "o ,temple ( ,god built ( preci\s /ones truly means4 ,= z if 9 "s cities a dispute %\ld arise z to :i* _h ! f9e/ temples1 ^? :o ?\ght _! own 7 ! be/ w\ld d _! utmo/ to %[ ! excell5ce ( _! own temples & ! inf]iority ( ! o!rs1--9 l mann]1 :5 !y reproa* u = n deem+ x necess>y to wor%ip ! ,div9e ,be+ by rais+ lifeless temples1 we set be=e !m our temples1 & %[ to su* at lea/ z are n bl9d & s5seless1 l _! s5seless gods1 t !re is no comp>ison betwe5 our /atues & ! /atues ( ! hea!n1 nor betwe5 our alt>s1 ) :at we may call ! inc5se asc5d+ f !m1 & ! hea!n alt>s1 ) ! fat & blood ( ! victims2 nor1 f9ally1 betwe5 ! temples ( s5seless gods1 admir$ by s5seless m51 :o h no div9e faculty = p]ceiv+ ,god1 & ! temples1 /atues1 & alt>s :i* are wor?y ( ,god4 ,x is n !re=e true t we object to build+ alt>s1 /atues1 & temples1 because we h agre$ to make ?is ! badge ( a secret & =bidd5 society2 b we d s1 because we h le>nt f ,jesus ,*ri/ ! true way ( s]v+ ,god1 & we %r9k f :atev]1 "u a pret5ce ( piety1 leads to utt] impiety ^? :o ab&on ! way m>k$ out = u by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,= x is ,he :o alone is ! way ( piety1 z ,he truly said1 8,i am ! way1 ! tru?1 ! life40 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,let u see :at ,celsus fur!r says ( ,god1 & h[ he urges u to ! use ( ^? ?+s :i* are prop]ly call$ idol (f]+s1 or1 /ill bett]1 (f]+s to demons1 al?\gh1 9 8 ignorance ( :at true sanctity is1 & :at sacrifices are well-pleas+ to ,god1 he call !m 8holy sacrifices40 ,8 words are1 8,god is ! ,god ( all alike2 ,he is good1 ,he /&s 9 ne$ ( no?+1 & ,he is )\t jeal\sy4 ,:at1 !n1 is !re to h9d] ^? :o are mo/ devot$ to ,8 s]vice f tak+ "p 9 public fea/s80 ,i _c see ! connection :i* he fancies betwe5 ,god's be+ good1 & indep5d5t1 & free f jeal\sy1 & ,8 devot$ s]vants tak+ "p 9 public fea/s4 ,i confess1 inde$1 t f ! fact t ,god is good1 & )\t want ( any?+1 & free f jeal\sy1 x w\ld foll[ z a consequ5ce t we might take "p 9 public fea/s1 if x 7 prov$ t ! public fea/s _h no?+ wrong 9 !m1 & 7 gr\nd$ ^u true views ( ! "* ( ,god1 s t !y result$ naturally f a dev\t s]vice ( ,god4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! s-call$ public fe/ivals c 9 no way be %[n to accord ) ! s]vice ( ,god1 b may on ! contr>y be prov$ to h be5 devis$ by m5 :5 occasion (f]$ to commemorate "s human ev5ts1 or to set =? c]ta9 qualities ( wat] or e>?1 or ! fruits ( ! e>?1--9 t case1 x is cle> t ^? :o wi% to (f] an enlight5$ wor%ip to ! ,div9e ,be+ w act accord+ to s\nd reason1 & n take "p 9 ! public fea/s4 ,= 8to keep a fea/10 z "o ( ! wise m5 ( ,greece has well said1 8is no?+ else ?an to d "o's duty20#afjj & t man truly celebrates a fea/ :o does 8 duty & prays always1 (f]+ up cont9ually bloodless sacrifices 9 pray] to ,god4 ,t !re=e seems to me a mo/ noble say+ ( ,paul1 8,ye obs]ve days1 & mon?s1 & times1 & ye>s4 ,i am afraid ( y1 le/ ,i h be/[$ ^u y lab\r 9 va940#afja ,footnote #afjj3 ,?ucyd4 i4 ,footnote #afja3 ,gal4 iv4 #aj1 #aa4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,if x be object$ to u on ?is subject t we ourselves are accu/om$ to obs]ve c]ta9 days1 z = example ! ,"l's day1 ! ,prep>ation1 ! ,passov]1 or ,p5teco/1 ,i h to answ]1 t to ! p]fect ,*ri/ian1 :o is ev] 9 8 ?\ghts1 words1 & de$s s]v+ 8 natural ,"l1 ,god ! ,^w1 all 8 days are ! ,"l's1 & he is always keep+ ! ,"l's day4 ,he also :o is unceas+ly prep>+ himself = ! true life1 & ab/a9+ f ! pleasures ( ?is life :i* lead a/ray s _m1--:o is n indulg+ ! lu/ ( ! fle%1 b 8keep+ "u 8 body1 & br++ x into subjection10--su* a "o is always keep+ ,prep>ation-day4 ,aga91 he :o consid]s t 8,*ri/ our ,passov] 0 sacrific$ = u10 & t x is 8 duty to keep ! fea/ by eat+ ( ! fle% ( ! ,^w1 nev] ceases to keep ! pas*al fea/2 = ! pas*a means a 8passov]10 & he is ev] /riv+ 9 all 8 ?\ghts1 words1 & de$s1 to pass ov] f ! ?+s ( ?is life to ,god1 & is ha/5+ t[>ds ! city ( ,god4 ,&1 f9ally1 he :o c truly say1 8,we are ris5 ) ,*ri/10 & 8,he ha? exalt$ u1 & made u to sit ) ,him 9 heav5ly places 9 ,*ri/10 is always liv+ 9 ! season ( ,p5teco/2 & mo/ ( all1 :5 go+ up to ! upp] *amb]1 l ! apo/les ( ,jesus1 he gives himself to supplication & pray]1 t he may become wor?y ( receiv+ 8! mighty w9d ru%+ f heav510 :i* is p[]ful to de/roy s9 & its fruits among m51 & wor?y ( hav+ "s %>e ( ! tongue ( fire :i* ,god s5ds4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,b ! majority ( ^? :o are acc\nt$ believ]s are n ( ?is advanc$ class2 b f be+ ei!r unable or unwill+ to keep e day 9 ?is mann]1 !y require "s s5sible memorials to prev5t spiritual ?+s f pass+ altoge!r away f _! m9ds4 ,x is to ?is practice ( sett+ ap>t "s days di/9ct f o!rs1 t ,paul seems to me to ref] 9 ! expression1 8"p ( ! fea/20#afjb & by ^! words he indicates t a life 9 accordance ) ! div9e ^w consi/s n 89 a "p ( ! fea/10 b 9 "o entire & nev]-ceas+ fe/ival4 ,aga91 comp>e ! fe/ivals1 obs]v$ among u z ^! h be5 describ$ above1 ) ! public fea/s ( ,celsus & ! hea!n1 & say if ! =m] are n mu* m sacr$ obs]vances ?an ^? fea/s 9 :i* ! lu/ ( ! fle% runs riot1 & leads to drunk5ness & debau*]y4 ,x w\ld be too long = u at pres5t to %[ :y we are requir$ by ! law ( ,god to keep its fe/ivals by eat+ 8! bread ( affliction10#afjc or 8leav5 ) bitt] h]bs10#afjd or :y x says1 8,humble y\r s\ls10#afje & su* l4 ,= x is impossible = man1 :o is a comp\nd be+1 9 :i* 8! fle% lu/e? aga9/ ! _s1 & ! _s aga9/ ! fle%10#afjf to keep ! fea/ ) 8 :ole nature2 = ei!r he keeps ! fea/ ) 8 _s & afflicts ! body1 :i* ?r\gh ! lu/ ( ! fle% is unfit to keep x along ) ! _s1 or else he keeps x ) ! body1 & ! _s is unable to %>e 9 x4 ,b we h = ! pres5t said en\gh on ! subject ( fea/s4 ,footnote #afjb3 ,col4 ii4 #af4 ,! :ole passage 9 ! ,engli% v]sion is1 8,let no man judge y 9 meat1 or 9 dr9k1 or 9 respect ( an holyday0 7 74 ,orig5's int]pretation is n foll[$ by any mod]n expositors4 ,x is adopt$ by ,*ryso/om & ,!odoret4 ,footnote #afjc3 ,deut4 xvi4 #c4 ,footnote #afjd3 ,ex4 xii4 #h4 ,footnote #afje3 ,lev4 xvi4 #bi4 ,footnote #afjf3 ,gal4 v4 #ag4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,let u n[ see on :at gr\nds ,celsus urges u to make use ( ! idol (f]+s & ! public sacrifices 9 ! public fea/s4 ,8 words are1 8,if ^! idols are no?+1 :at h>m w !re be 9 tak+ "p 9 ! fea/8 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !y are demons1 x is c]ta9 t !y too are ,god's creatures1 & t we mu/ believe 9 !m1 sacrifice to !m accord+ to ! laws1 & pray to !m t !y may be propiti\s40 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is /atem5t1 x w\ld be pr(itable = u to take up & cle>ly expla9 ! :ole passage ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 9 :i* ,paul treats ( (f]+s to idols4#afjg ,! apo/le draws f ! fact t 8an idol is no?+ 9 ! _w10 ! consequ5ce t x is injuri\s to use ?+s (f]$ to idols2 & he %[s to ^? :o h e>s to he> on su* subjects1 t he :o p>takes ( ?+s (f]$ to idols is worse ?an a murd]]1 = he de/roys 8 own bre?r51 = :om ,*ri/ di$4 ,& fur!r1 he ma9ta9s t ! sacrifices are made to demons2 & f t he proce$s to %[ t ^? :o jo9 ! table ( demons become associat$ ) ! demons2 & he concludes t a man _c bo? be a p>tak] ( ! table ( ! ,"l & ( ! table ( demons4 ,b s9ce x w\ld require a :ole treatise to set =? fully all t is conta9$ on ?is subject 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 we %all cont5t ourselves ) ?is brief /atem5t ( ! argum5t2 = x w be evid5t to any "o :o c>efully consid]s :at has be5 said1 t ev5 if idols are no?+1 nev]!less x is an awful ?+ to jo9 9 idol fe/ivals4 ,& ev5 suppos+ t !re are su* be+s z demons to :om ! sacrifices are (f]$1 x has be5 cle>ly %[n t we are =bidd5 to take "p 9 ^! fe/ivals1 :5 we "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! table ( ! ,"l & ! table ( demons4 ,& kn[+ ?is1 we endeav\r z mu* z we c to be always p>tak]s ( ! ,"l's table1 & bew>e to ! utmo/ ( jo9+ at any "t ! table ( demons4 ,footnote #afjg3 #a ,cor4 viii4 #d1 #aa4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,celsus says t 8! demons belong to ,god1 & are !re=e to be believ$1 to be sacrific$ to accord+ to laws1 & to be pray$ to t !y may be propiti\s40 ,^? :o are dispos$ to le>n1 mu/ "k t ! ^w ( ,god n[h]e says ( evil ?+s t !y belong to ,god1 = x judges !m unwor?y ( su* a ,"l4 ,accord+ly1 x is n all m5 :o be> ! "n ( 8m5 ( ,god10 b only ^? :o are wor?y ( ,god1--su* z ,moses & ,elias1 & any o!rs :o are s call$1 or su* z resemble ^? :o are s call$ 9 ,scripture4 ,9 ! same way1 all angels are n said to be angels ( ,god1 b only ^? t are bless$3 ^? t h fall5 away into s9 are call$ 8angels ( ! devil10 j z bad m5 are call$ 8m5 ( s910 8sons ( p]dition10 or 8sons ( iniquity40 ,s9ce1 !n1 among m5 "s are good & o!rs bad1 & ! =m] are said to be ,god's & ! latt] ! devil's1 s among angels "s are angels ( ,god1 & o!rs angels ( ! devil4 ,b among demons !re is no su* di/9ction1 = all are said to be wick$4 ,we d n !re=e hesitate to say t ,celsus is false :5 he says1 8,if !y are demons1 x is evid5t t !y mu/ also belong to ,god40 ,he mu/ ei!r %[ t ?is di/9ction ( good & bad among angels & m5 has no f\ndation1 or else t a simil> di/9ction may be %[n to hold among demons4 ,if t is impossible1 x is pla9 t demons d n belong to ,god2 = _! pr9ce is n ,god1 b1 z holy ,scripture says1 8,beelzebub40 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,& we are n to believe 9 demons1 al?\gh ,celsus urges u to d s2 b if we are to obey ,god1 we mu/ die1 or endure any?+ soon] ?an obey demons4 ,9 ! same way1 we are n to propitiate demons2 = x is impossible to propitiate be+s t are wick$ & t seek ! injury ( m54 ,besides1 :at are ! laws 9 accordance ) :i* ,celsus w\ld h u propitiate ! demons8 ,= if he means laws enact$ 9 /ates1 he mu/ %[ t !y are 9 agreem5t ) ! div9e laws4 ,b if t _c be done1 z ! laws ( _m /ates are q inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r1 ^! laws1 !re=e1 mu/ ( necessity ei!r be no laws at all 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 or else ! enactm5ts ( wick$ m52 & ^! we mu/ n obey1 = 8we mu/ obey ,god r ?an m540 ,away1 !n1 ) ?is c\nsel1 :i* ,celsus gives u1 to (f] pray] to demons3 x is n to be li/5$ to = a mom5t2 = our duty is to pray to ! ,mo/ ,high ,god alone1 & to ! only-begott51 ! fir/-born ( ! :ole creation1 & to ask ,him z our ,high ,prie/ to pres5t ! pray]s :i* asc5d to ,him f u1 to ,8 ,god & our ,god1 to ,8 ,fa!r & ! ,fa!r ( ^? :o direct _! lives accord+ to ,8 ^w4 ,& z we w\ld h no desire to enjoy ! fav\r ( ^? m5 :o wi% u to foll[ _! wick$ lives1 & :o give u _! fav\r only on condition t we *oose no?+ oppos$ to _! wi%es1 because _! fav\r w\ld make u enemies ( ,god1 :o _c be pleas$ ) ^? :o h su* m5 = _! fri5ds1--9 ! same way ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! nature1 ! purposes1 & ! wick$ness ( demons1 c nev] wi% to obta9 _! fav\r4 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,& ,*ri/ians h no?+ to fe>1 ev5 if demons %\ld n be well-dispos$ to !m2 = !y are protect$ by ! supreme ,god1 :o is well pleas$ ) _! piety1 & :o sets ,8 div9e angels to wat* ov] ^? :o are wor?y ( su* gu>dian%ip1 s t !y c suff] no?+ f demons4 ,he :o by 8 piety possesses ! fav\r ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 :o has accept$ ! guidance ( ,jesus1 ! 8,angel ( ! great c\nsel10#afjh be+ well cont5t$ ) ! fav\r ( ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/ ,jesus1 may say ) confid5ce t he has no?+ to suff] f ! :ole ho/ ( demons4 8,! ,"l is my light & my salvation2 :om %all ,i fe>8 ,! ,"l is ! /r5g? ( my life2 ( :om %all ,i be afraid8 ,?\gh an ho/ %\ld encamp aga9/ me1 my he>t %all n fe>40#afji ,s mu*1 !n1 9 reply to ^? /atem5ts ( ,celsus3 8,if !y are demons1 !y too evid5tly belong to ,god1 & !y are to be believ$1 to be sacrific$ to accord+ to ! laws1 & pray]s are to be (f]$ to !m t !y may be propiti\s40 ,footnote #afjh3 ,isa4 ix4 #f 7,,lxx474 ,footnote #afji3 ,ps4 xxvii4 #a1 #c4 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,we %all n[ proce$ to ! next /atem5t ( ,celsus1 & exam9e x ) c>e3 8,if 9 ob$i5ce to ! traditions ( _! fa!rs !y ab/a9 f su* victims1 !y mu/ also ab/a9 f all animal food1 9 accordance ) ! op9ions ( ,py?agoras1 :o ?us %[$ 8 respect = ! s\l & its bodily organs4 ,b if1 z !y say1 !y ab/a9 t !y may n eat along ) demons1 ,i admire _! wisdom1 9 hav+ at l5g? discov]$1 t :5ev] !y eat !y eat ) demons1 al?\gh !y only refuse to d s :5 !y are look+ ^u a sla9 victim2 = :5 !y eat bread1 or dr9k w9e1 or ta/e fruits1 d !y n receive ^! ?+s1 z well z ! wat] !y dr9k & ! air !y brea!1 f c]ta9 demons1 to :om h be5 assign$ ^! diff]5t prov9ces ( nature80 ,"h ,i w\ld obs]ve t ,i _c see h[ ^? :om he speaks ( z ab/a9+ f c]ta9 victims1 9 accordance ) ! traditions ( _! fa!rs1 are consequ5tly b\nd to ab/a9 f ! fle% ( all animals4 ,we d n inde$ d5y t ! div9e ^w does seem to comm& some?+ simil> to ?is1 :5 to raise u to a high] & pur] life x says1 8,x is good nei!r to eat fle%1 nor to dr9k w9e1 nor any?+ :]eby ?y bro!r /umble?1 or is (f5d$1 or is made weak20#afaj & aga91 8,de/roy n him ) ?y meat1 = :om ,*ri/ di$20#afaa & aga91 8,if meat make my bro!r to (f5d1 ,i w eat no fle% :ile ! _w /&e?1 le/ ,i make my bro!r to (f5d40#afab ,footnote #afaj3 ,rom4 xiv4 #ba4 ,footnote #afaa3 ,rom4 xiv4 #ae4 ,footnote #afab3 #a ,cor4 viii4 #ac4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,b x is to be obs]v$ t ! ,jews1 :o claim = !mselves a correct und]/&+ ( ! law ( ,moses1 c>efully re/rict _! food to su* ?+s z are acc\nt$ clean1 & ab/a9 f ^? t are unclean4 ,!y also d n use 9 _! food ! blood ( an animal nor ! fle% ( an animal torn by wild bea/s1 & "s o!r ?+s :i* x w\ld take too long = u at pres5t to detail4 ,b ,jesus1 wi%+ to lead all m5 by ,8 tea*+ to ! pure wor%ip & s]vice ( ,god1 & anxi\s n to ?r[ any h9drance 9 ! way ( _m :o might be b5efit$ by ,*ri/ianity1 ?r\gh ! imposition ( a burd5some code ( rules 9 reg>d to food1 has laid x d[n1 t 8n t :i* goe? into ! m\? defile? a man1 b t :i* come? out ( ! m\?2 = :atsoev] ent]e? 9 at ! m\? goe? into ! belly1 & is ca/ out into ! draught4 ,b ^? ?+s :i* proce$ out ( ! m\? are evil ?\ghts :5 spok51 murd]s1 adult]ies1 =nications1 !fts1 false witness1 blasphemies40#afac ,paul also says1 8,meat comm5de? u n to ,god3 = nei!r1 if we eat1 are we ! bett]2 nei!r1 if we eat n1 are we ! worse40#afad ,:]e=e1 z !re is "s obscurity ab\t ?is matt]1 )\t "s explanation is giv51 x seem$ good to ! apo/les ( ,jesus & ! eld]s assembl$ toge!r at ,antio*1 & also1 z !y !mselves say1 to ! ,holy ,_s1 to write a lett] to ! ,g5tile believ]s1 =bidd+ !m to p>take ( ^? ?+s f :i* alone !y say x is necess>y to ab/a91 namely1 8?+s (f]$ to idols1 ?+s /rangl$1 & blood40#afae ,footnote #afac3 ,matt4 xv4 #aa1 #ag-ai4 ,footnote #afad3 #a ,cor4 viii4 #h4 ,footnote #afae3 ,acts xv4 #bh1 #bi4 ,x 0 at ,j]usalem4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,= t :i* is (f]$ to idols is sacrific$ to demons1 & a man ( ,god mu/ n jo9 ! table ( demons4 ,z to ?+s /rangl$1 we are =bidd5 by ,scripture to p>take ( !m1 because ! blood is /ill 9 !m2 & blood1 especially ! od\r aris+ f blood1 is said to be ! food ( demons4 ,p]haps1 !n1 if we 7 to eat ( /rangl$ animals1 we might h su* spirits fe$+ along ) u4 ,& ! reason :i* =bids ! use ( /rangl$ animals = food is also applicable to ! use ( blood4 ,& x may n be amiss1 z be>+ on ?is po9t1 to recall a beautiful say+ 9 ! writ+s ( ,sextus1 :i* is kn[n to mo/ ,*ri/ians3 8,! eat+ ( animals10 says he1 8is a matt] ( indiff]5ce2 b to ab/a9 f !m is m agreeable to reason40 ,x is n1 !re=e1 simply on acc\nt ( "s traditions ( our fa!rs t we refra9 f eat+ victims (f]$ to ^? call$ gods or h]oes or demons1 b = o!r reasons1 "s ( :i* ,i h "h m5tion$4 ,x is n to be suppos$1 h[ev]1 t we are to ab/a9 f ! fle% ( animals 9 ! same way z we are b\nd to ab/a9 f all vice & wick$ness3 we are inde$ to ab/a9 n only f ! fle% ( animals1 b f all o!r k9ds ( food1 if we _c p>take ( !m )\t incurr+ evil1 & ! consequ5ces ( evil4 ,= we are to avoid eat+ = gluttony1 or = ! m]e gratification ( ! appetite1 )\t reg>d to ! heal? & su/5ance ( ! body4 ,we d n believe t s\ls pass f "o body to ano!r1 & t !y may desc5d s l[ z to ent] ! bodies ( ! brutes4 ,if we ab/a9 at times f eat+ ! fle% ( animals1 x is evid5tly1 !re=e1 n = ! same reason z ,py?agoras2 = x is ! reasonable s\l alone t we hon\r1 & we commit its bodily organs ) due hon\rs to ! grave4 ,= x is n "r t ! dwell+-place ( ! rational s\l %\ld be ca/ aside any:]e )\t hon\r1 l ! c>cases ( brute bea/s2 & s mu* ! m :5 we believe t ! respect paid to ! body r$\nds to ! hon\r ( ! p]son :o receiv$ f ,god a s\l :i* has nobly employ$ ! organs ( ! body 9 :i* x resid$4 ,9 reg>d to ! "q1 8,h[ are ! dead rais$ up1 & ) :at body d !y come80 we h already answ]$ x briefly1 z our purpose requir$4 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,celsus aft]w>ds /ates :at is adduc$ by ,jews & ,*ri/ians alike 9 def5ce ( ab/95ce f idol sacrifices1 namely1 t x is wrong = ^? :o h d$icat$ !mselves to ! ,mo/ ,high ,god to eat ) demons4 ,:at he br+s =w>d aga9/ ?is view1 we h already se54 ,9 our op9ion1 a man c only be said to eat & dr9k ) demons :5 he eats ! fle% ( :at are call$ sacr$ victims1 & :5 he dr9ks ! w9e p\r$ out to ! hon\r ( ! demons4 ,b ,celsus ?9ks t we _c eat bread or dr9k w9e 9 any way :atev]1 or ta/e fruits1 or ev5 take a draught ( wat]1 )\t eat+ & dr9k+ ) demons4 ,he adds also1 t ! air :i* we brea! is receiv$ f demons1 & t n an animal c brea! )\t receiv+ ! air f ! demons :o are set ov] ! air4 ,if any "o wi%es to def5d ?is /atem5t ( ,celsus1 let him %[ t x is n ! div9e angels ( ,god1 b demons1 ! :ole race ( :om are bad1 t h be5 appo9t$ to communicate all ^? bless+s :i* h be5 m5tion$4 ,we inde$ also ma9ta9 ) reg>d n only to ! fruits ( ! e>?1 b to e fl[+ /ream & e brea? ( air1 t ! gr\nd br+s =? ^? ?+s :i* are said to gr[ up naturally1--t ! wat] spr+s 9 f\nta9s1 & refre%es ! e>? ) runn+ /reams1--t ! air is kept pure1 & supports ! life ( ^? :o brea! x only 9 consequ5ce ( ! ag5cy & control ( c]ta9 be+s :om we may call invisible husb&m5 & gu>dians2 b we d5y t ^? invisible ag5ts are demons4 ,& if we might speak boldly1 we w\ld say t if demons h any %>e at all 9 ^! ?+s1 to !m belong fam9e1 bla/+ ( ! v9e & fruit trees1 pe/il5ce among m5 & bea/s3 all ^! are ! prop] occupations ( demons1 :o 9 ! capacity ( public execution]s receive p[] at c]ta9 times to c>ry out ! div9e judgm5ts1 = ! re/oration ( ^? :o h plung$ headlong into wick$ness1 or = ! trial & discipl9e ( ! s\ls ( ! wise4 ,= ^? :o ?r\gh all _! afflictions pres]ve _! piety pure & unimpair$1 %[ _! true "* to all spectators1 :e!r visible or invisible1 :o behold !m2 :ile ^? :o are o!rwise m9d$1 yet conceal _! wick$ness1 :5 !y h _! true "* expos$ by mis=tunes1 become manife/ to !mselves z well z to ^? :om we may also call spectators4 ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,! ,psalmi/ be>s witness t div9e ju/ice employs c]ta9 evil angels to inflict calamities ^u m53 8,he ca/ ^u !m ! fi]c5ess ( ,8 ang]1 wra?1 & indignation1 & tr\ble1 s5t by evil angels40#afaf ,:e!r demons ev] g beyond ?is :5 !y are suff]$ to d :at !y are ev] ready1 ?\gh ?r\gh ! re/ra9t put ^u !m !y are n always able to d1 is a "q to be solv$ by t man :o c conceive1 9 s f> z human nature w all[1 h[ x accords ) ! div9e ju/ice1 t su* multitudes ( human s\ls are sep>at$ f ! body :ile walk+ 9 ! pa?s :i* lead to c]ta9 dea?4 8,= ! judgm5ts ( ,god are s great10 t a s\l :i* is /ill clo!d ) a mortal body _c compreh5d !m2 8& !y _c be express$3 !re=e by unnurtur$ s\ls0#afag !y are n 9 any measure to be und]/ood4 ,& h5ce1 too1 ra% spirits1 by _! ignorance 9 ^! matt]s1 & by recklessly sett+ !mselves aga9/ ! ,div9e ,be+1 multiply impi\s objections aga9/ provid5ce4 ,x is n f demons1 !n1 t m5 receive any ( ^? ?+s :i* meet ! necessities ( life1 & lea/ ( all ourselves1 :o h be5 taught to make a prop] use ( ^! ?+s4 ,& !y :o p>take ( corn & w9e1 & ! fruits ( trees1 ( wat] & ( air1 d n fe$ ) demons1 b r d !y fea/ ) div9e angels1 :o are appo9t$ = ?is purpose1 & :o are z x 7 invit$ to ! table ( ! pi\s man1 :o he>k5s to ! precept ( ! ^w1 :i* says1 8,:e!r ye eat or dr9k1 or :atev] ye d1 d all to ! glory ( ,god40#afah ,& aga91 9 ano!r place x is writt51 8,d all ?+s 9 ! "n ( ,god40#afai ,:51 !re=e1 we eat & dr9k & brea! to ! glory ( ,god1 & act 9 all ?+s accord+ to :at is "r1 we fea/ ) no demons1 b ) div9e angels3 8,= e creature is good1 & no?+ to be refus$1 if x be receiv$ ) ?anksgiv+3 = x is sanctifi$ by ! ^w ( ,god & pray]40#afbj ,b x c\ld n be good1 & x c\ld n be sanctifi$1 if ^! ?+s 71 z ,celsus supposes1 entru/$ to ! *>ge ( demons4 ,footnote #afaf3 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #di4 ,footnote #afag3 ,wisdom ( ,sol4 xvii4 #a4 ,footnote #afah3 ,col4 iii4 #ag4 ,footnote #afai3 #a ,cor4 x4 #ca4 ,footnote #afbj3 #a ,tim4 iv4 #d1 #e4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t we h already met ! next /atem5t ( ,celsus1 :i* is z foll[s3 8,we mu/ ei!r n live1 & inde$ n come into ?is life at all1 or we mu/ d s on condition t we give ?anks & fir/-fruits & pray]s to demons1 :o h be5 set ov] ! ?+s ( ?is _w3 & t we mu/ d z long z we live1 t !y may prove good & k9d40 ,we mu/ surely live1 & we mu/ live accord+ to ! ^w ( ,god1 z f> z we are enabl$ to d s4 ,& we are ?us enabl$ to live1 :51 8:e!r we eat or dr9k1 we d all to ! glory ( ,god20 & we are n to refuse to enjoy ^? ?+s :i* h be5 creat$ = our use1 b mu/ receive !m ) ?anksgiv+ to ! ,creator4 ,& x is "u ^! conditions1 & n su* z h be5 imag9$ by ,celsus1 t we h be5 br\ght into life by ,god2 & we are n plac$ "u demons1 b we are "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 ?r\gh ,him :o ha? br\ght u to ,god--,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is n accord+ to ! law ( ,god t any demon has _h a %>e 9 worldly affairs1 b x 0 by _! own lawlessness t !y p]haps s\ght out = !mselves places de/itute ( ! k ( ,god & ( ! div9e life1 or places :]e !re are _m enemies ( ,god4 ,p]haps also1 z be+ fit to rule ov] & puni% !m1 !y h be5 set by ! ,^w1 :o gov]ns all ?+s1 to rule ov] ^? :o subject$ !mselves to evil & n to ,god4 ,= ?is reason1 !n1 let ,celsus1 z "o :o kn[s n ,god1 give ?ank-(f]+s to demons4 ,b we give ?anks to ! ,creator ( all1 &1 along ) ?anksgiv+ & pray] = ! bless+s we h receiv$1 we also eat ! bread pres5t$ to u2 & ?is bread becomes by pray] a sacr$ body1 :i* sanctifies ^? :o s9c]ely p>take ( x4 ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,celsus w\ld also h u to (f] fir/-fruits to demons4 ,b we w\ld (f] !m to ,him :o said1 8,let ! e>? br+ =? grass1 ! h]b yield+ se$1 & ! fruit tree yield+ fruit aft] 8 k9d1 ^: se$ is 9 itself ^u ! e>?40#afba ,& to ,him to :om we (f] fir/-fruits we also s5d up our pray]s1 8hav+ a great high prie/1 t is pass$ into ! heav5s1 ,jesus ! ,son ( ,god10 & 8we hold fa/ ?is pr(ession0#afbb z long z we live2 = we f9d ,god & ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 manife/$ to u 9 ,jesus1 to be graci\s & k9d to u4 ,& if we w\ld wi% to h besides a great numb] ( be+s :o %all ev] prove fri5dly to u1 we are taught t 8?\s& ?\s&s /ood be=e ,him1 & t5 ?\s& times t5 ?\s& m9i/]$ unto ,him40#afbc ,& ^!1 reg>d+ all z _! relations & fri5ds :o imitate _! piety t[>ds ,god1 & 9 pray] call ^u ,him ) s9c]ity1 "w along ) !m = _! salvation1 appe> unto !m1 deem x _! (fice & duty to att5d to !m1 & z if by common agreem5t !y visit ) all mann] ( k9dness & deliv]ance ^? :o pray to ,god1 to :om !y !mselves also pray3 8,= !y are all m9i/]+ spirits1 s5t =? to m9i/] = ^? :o %all be heirs ( salvation40#afbd ,let ! le>n$ ,greeks say t ! human s\l at its bir? is plac$ "u ! *>ge ( demons3 ,jesus has taught u n to despise ev5 ! little ones 9 ,8 *ur*1 say+1 8,_! angels d always behold ! face ( my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav540#afbe ,& ! prophet says1 8,! angel ( ! ,"l encampe? r\nd ab\t !m t fe> ,him1 & deliv]e? !m40#afbf ,we d n1 !n1 d5y t !re are _m demons ^u e>?1 b we ma9ta9 t !y exi/ & ex]cise p[] among ! wick$1 z a puni%m5t ( _! wick$ness4 ,b !y h no p[] ov] ^? :o 8h put on ! :ole arm\r ( ,god10 :o h receiv$ /r5g? to 8)/& ! wiles ( ! devil10#afbg & :o are ev] engag$ 9 conte/s ) !m1 kn[+ t 8we wre/le n aga9/ fle% & blood1 b aga9/ pr9cipalities1 aga9/ p[]s1 aga9/ ! rul]s ( ! d>kness ( ?is _w1 aga9/ spiritual wick$ness 9 high places40#afbh ,footnote #afba3 ,g54 i4 #aa4 ,footnote #afbb3 ,heb4 iv4 #ad4 ,footnote #afbc3 ,dan4 vii4 #aj4 ,footnote #afbd3 ,heb4 i4 #ad4 ,footnote #afbe3 ,matt4 xviii4 #aj4 ,footnote #afbf3 ,ps4 xxxiv4 #g4 ,footnote #afbg3 ,eph4 vi4 #aa4 ,footnote #afbh3 ,eph4 vi4 #ab4 ,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,n[ let u consid] ano!r say+ ( ,celsus1 :i* is z foll[s3 8,! satrap ( a ,p]sian or ,roman mon>*1 or rul] or g5]al or gov]nor1 yea1 ev5 ^? :o fill l[] (fices ( tru/ or s]vice 9 ! /ate1 w\ld be able to d great injury to ^? :o despis$ !m2 & w ! satraps & m9i/]s ( e>? & air be insult$ ) impunity80 ,obs]ve n[ h[ he introduces s]vants ( ! ,mo/ ,high--rul]s1 g5]als1 gov]nors1 & ^? fill+ l[] (fices ( tru/ & s]vice--z1 aft] ! mann] ( m51 inflict+ injury ^u ^? :o insult !m4 ,= he does n consid] t a wise man w\ld n wi% to d h>m to any1 b w\ld /rive to ! utmo/ ( 8 p[] to *ange & am5d !m2 unless1 inde$1 x be t ^? :om ,celsus makes s]vants & rul]s appo9t$ by ! ,mo/ ,high are beh9d ,lycurgus1 ! law-giv] ( ! ,lac$monians1 or ,z5o ( ,citium4 ,= :5 ,lycurgus _h _h 8 eye put out by a man1 he got ! (f5d] into 8 p[]2 b in/ead ( tak+ rev5ge ^u him1 he ceas$ n to use all 8 arts ( p]suasion until he induc$ him to become a philosoph]4 ,& ,z5o1 on ! occasion ( "s "o say+1 8,let me p]i% r ?an n h my rev5ge on !e10 answ]$ him1 8,b r let me p]i% if ,i d n make a fri5d ( !e40 ,& ,i am n yet speak+ ( ^? ^: *>act]s h be5 =m$ by ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 & :o h he>d ! words1 8,love y\r enemies1 & pray = !m :i* despitefully use y1 t ye may be ! *ildr5 ( y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav52 = ,he make? ,8 sun to rise on ! evil & on ! good1 & s5de? ra9 on ! j & on ! unju/40#afbi ,& 9 ! prophetical writ+s ! righte\s man says1 8,o ,"l my ,god1 if ,i h done ?is2 if !re be iniquity 9 my h&s2 if ,i h return$ evil to ^? :o h done evil to me1 let me fall helpless "u m9e enemies3 let my enemy p]secute my s\l1 & take x2 yea1 let him tread d[n my life ^u ! e>?40#afcj ,footnote #afbi3 ,matt4 v4 #dd1 #de4 ,footnote #afcj3 ,ps4 vii4 #c-f4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,b ! angels1 :o are ! true rul]s & g5]als & m9i/]s ( ,god1 d n1 z ,celsus supposes1 8injure ^? :o (f5d !m20 & if c]ta9 demons1 :om ,celsus _h 9 m9d1 d inflict evils1 !y %[ t !y are wick$1 & t !y h receiv$ no (fice ( ! k9d f ,god4 ,& !y ev5 d injury to ^? :o are "u !m1 & :o h ackn[l$g$ !m z _! ma/]s2 & accord+ly1 z x w\ld seem t ^? :o break ?r\gh ! regulations :i* prevail 9 any c\ntry 9 reg>d to matt]s ( food1 suff] = x if !y are "u ! demons ( t place1 :ile ^? :o are n "u !m1 & h n submitt$ to _! p[]1 are free f all h>m1 & bid defiance to su* spirits2 al?\gh if1 9 ignorance ( c]ta9 ?+s1 !y h come "u ! p[] ( o!r demons1 !y may suff] puni%m5t f !m4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian--! true ,*ri/ian1 ,i mean--:o has submitt$ to ,god alone & ,8 ,^w1 w suff] no?+ f demons1 = ,he is mighti] ?an demons4 ,& ! ,*ri/ian w suff] no?+1 = 8! angel ( ! ,"l w encamp ab\t !m t fe> ,him1 & w deliv] !m10#afca & 8 8angel10 :o 8always beholds ! face ( 8 ,fa!r 9 heav510#afcb (f]s up 8 pray]s ?r\gh ! "o ,high ,prie/ to ! ,god ( all1 & also jo9s 8 own pray]s ) ^? ( ! man :o is committ$ to 8 keep+4 ,let n1 !n1 ,celsus try to sc>e u ) ?reats ( mis*ief f demons1 = we despise !m4 ,& ! demons1 :5 despis$1 c d no h>m to ^? :o are "u ! protection ( ,him :o c alone help all :o des]ve ,8 aid2 & ,he does no less ?an set ,8 own angels ov] ,8 dev\t s]vants1 s t none ( ! ho/ile angels1 nor ev5 he :o is call$ 8! pr9ce ( ?is _w10#afcc c effect any?+ aga9/ ^? :o h giv5 !mselves to ,god4 ,footnote #afca3 ,ps4 xxxiv4 #g4 ,footnote #afcb3 ,matt4 xviii4 #aj4 ,footnote #afcc3 ,john xiv4 #cj4 ,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,9 ! next place1 ,celsus =gets t he is address+ ,*ri/ians1 :o pray to ,god alone ?r\gh ,jesus2 & mix+ up o!r notions ) !irs1 he absurdly attributes !m all to ,*ri/ians4 8,if10 says he1 8!y :o are address$ are call$ ^u by b>b>\s names1 !y w h p[]1 b no long] w !y h any if !y are address$ 9 ,greek or ,lat940 ,let him1 !n1 /ate pla9ly :om we call ^u = help by b>b>\s names4 ,any "o w be conv9c$ t ?is is a false *>ge :i* ,celsus br+s aga9/ u1 :5 he consid]s t ,*ri/ians 9 pray] d n ev5 use ! precise names :i* div9e ,scripture applies to ,god2 b ! ,greeks use ,greek names1 ! ,romans ,lat9 names1 & e "o prays & s+s praises to ,god z he be/ c1 9 8 "m tongue4 ,= ! ,"l ( all ! languages ( ! e>? he>s ^? :o pray to ,him 9 ea* diff]5t tongue1 he>+1 if ,i may s say1 b "o voice1 express+ itself 9 v>i\s dialects4 ,= ! ,mo/ ,high is n z "o ( ^? :o select "o language1 b>b>ian or ,greek1 kn[+ no?+ ( any o!r1 & c>+ no?+ = ^? :o speak 9 o!r tongues4 ,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,he next repres5ts ,*ri/ians z say+ :at he nev] he>d f any ,*ri/ian2 or if he did1 x mu/ h be5 f "o ( ! mo/ ignorant & lawless ( ! p4 8,behold10 !y are made to say1 8,i g up to a /atue ( ,jupit] or ,apollo1 or "s o!r god3 ,i revile x1 & beat x1 yet x takes no v5geance on me40 ,he is n aw>e t among ! prohibitions ( ! div9e law is ?is1 8,?\ %alt n revile ! gods10#afcd & ?is is int5d$ to prev5t ! =mation ( ! habit ( revil+ any "o :atev]2 = we h be5 taught1 8,bless1 & curse n10#afce & x is said t 8revil]s %all n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god40#afcf ,& :o among/ u is s fooli% z to speak 9 ! way ,celsus describes1 & to fail to see t su* contemptu\s language c be ( no avail = remov+ prevail+ notions ab\t ! gods8 ,= x is matt] ( obs]vation t !re are m5 :o utt]ly d5y ! exi/5ce ( a ,god or ( an ov]rul+ provid5ce1 & :o by _! impi\s & de/ructive tea*+ h f\nd$ sects among ^? :o are call$ philosoph]s1 & yet nei!r !y !mselves1 nor ^? :o h embrac$ _! op9ions1 h suff]$ any ( ^? ?+s :i* mank9d g5]ally acc\nt evils3 !y are bo? /rong 9 body & ri* 9 possessions4 ,& yet if we ask :at loss !y h su/a9$1 we %all f9d t !y h suff]$ ! mo/ c]ta9 injury4 ,= :at great] injury c befall a man ?an t he %\ld be unable amid/ ! ord] ( ! _w to see ,him :o has made x8 & :at sor] affliction c come to any "o ?an t bl9dness ( m9d :i* prev5ts him f see+ ! ,creator & ,fa!r ( e s\l8 ,footnote #afcd3 ,ex4 xxii4 #bh4 ,footnote #afce3 ,rom4 xii4 #ad4 ,footnote #afcf3 #a ,cor4 vi4 #aj4 ,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,aft] putt+ su* words into our m\?1 & malici\sly *>g+ ,*ri/ians ) s5tim5ts :i* !y nev] held1 he !n proce$s to give to ?is suppos$ expression ( ,*ri/ian feel+ an answ]1 :i* is inde$ m a mock]y ?an an answ]1 :5 he says1 8,d y n see1 good sir1 t ev5 y\r own demon is n only revil$1 b bani%$ f e l& & sea1 & y y\rself1 :o are z x 7 an image d$icat$ to him1 are b\nd & l$ to puni%m5t1 & fa/5$ to ! /ake1 :il/ y\r demon--or1 z y call him1 #8! ,son ( ,god'--takes no v5geance on ! evil-do]80 ,?is answ] w\ld be admissible if we employ$ su* language z he ascribes to u2 al?\gh ev5 !n he w\ld h no "r to call ! ,son ( ,god a demon4 ,= z we hold t all demons are evil1 ,he :o turns s _m m5 to ,god is 9 our view no demon1 b ,god ! ,^w1 & ! ,son ( ,god4 ,& ,i "k n h[ ,celsus has s f> =gott5 himself z to call ,jesus ,*ri/ a demon1 :5 he n[h]e alludes to ! exi/5ce ( any evil demons4 ,& f9ally1 z to ! puni%m5ts ?reat5$ aga9/ ! ungodly1 ^! w come ^u !m aft] !y h refus$ all rem$ies1 & h be51 z we may say1 visit$ ) an incurable malady ( s9fulness4 ,*apt] ,,xl4 ,su* is our doctr9e ( puni%m5t2 & ! inculcation ( ?is doctr9e turns _m f _! s9s4 ,b let u see1 on ! o!r h&1 :at is ! response giv5 on ?is subject by ! prie/ ( ,jupit] or ,apollo ( :om ,celsus speaks4 ,x is ?is3 8,! mills ( ,god gr9d sl[ly40#afcg ,ano!r describes puni%m5t z rea*+ 8to *ildr5's *ildr51 & to ^? :o came aft] !m40#afch ,h[ mu* bett] are ^? words ( ,scripture3 8,! fa!rs %all n be put to dea? = ! *ildr51 nor ! *ildr5 = ! fa!rs4 ,e man %all be put to dea? = 8 own s940#afci ,& aga91 8,e man t eate? ! s\r grape1 8 tee? %all be set on edge40#afdj ,&1 8,! son %all n be> ! iniquity ( ! fa!r1 nei!r %all ! fa!r be> ! iniquity ( ! son3 ! righte\sness ( ! righte\s %all be ^u him1 & ! wick$ness ( ! wick$ %all be ^u him40#afda ,if any %all say t ! response1 8,to *ildr5's *ildr51 & to ^? :o come aft] !m10 corresponds ) t passage1 8,:o visits ! iniquity ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr5 unto ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation ( !m t hate me10#afdb let him le>n f ,ezekiel t ?is language is n to be tak5 lit]ally2 = he reproves ^? :o say1 8,our fa!rs h eat5 s\r grapes1 & ! *ildr5's tee? are set on edge10#afdc & !n he adds1 8,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l1 e "o %all die = 8 own s940 ,z to ! prop] mean+ ( ! figurative language ab\t s9s be+ visit$ unto ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation1 we _c at pres5t /ay to expla94 ,footnote #afcg3 8,! mills ( ! gods gr9d sl[ly1 b !y gr9d to p[d]0 7,plut>*74 ,footnote #afch3 ,hom4 ,il4 xx4 #cjh4 ,footnote #afci3 ,deut4 xxiv4 #af4 ,footnote #afdj3 ,j]4 xxxi4 #cj4 ,footnote #afda3 ,ezek4 xviii4 #bj4 ,footnote #afdb3 ,ex4 xx4 #e4 ,footnote #afdc3 ,ezek4 xviii4 #b-d4 ,*apt] ,,xli4 ,he !n goes on to rail aga9/ u aft] ! mann] ( old wives4 8,y10 says he1 8mock & revile ! /atues ( our gods2 b if y _h revil$ ,bac*us or ,h]cules 9 p]son1 y w\ld n p]haps h done s ) impunity4 ,b ^? :o crucifi$ y\r ,god :5 pres5t among m51 suff]$ no?+ = x1 ei!r at ! "t or dur+ ! :ole ( _! lives4 ,& :at new ?+ has !re happ5$ s9ce !n to make u believe t he 0 n an impo/or1 b ! ,son ( ,god8 ,& =soo?1 he :o s5t 8 ,son ) c]ta9 in/ructions = mank9d1 all[$ him to be ?us cruelly treat$1 & 8 in/ructions to p]i% ) him1 )\t ev] dur+ all ?is long "t %[+ ! slighte/ conc]n4 ,:at fa!r 0 ev] s inhuman8 ,p]haps1 inde$1 y may say t he suff]$ s mu*1 because x 0 8 wi% to be> :at came to him4 ,b x is op5 to ^? :om y malici\sly revile1 to adopt ! same language1 & say t !y wi% to be revil$1 & !re=e !y be> x ) pati5ce2 = x is be/ to deal equally ) bo? sides1--al?\gh ^! gods sev]ely puni% ! scorn]1 s t he mu/ ei!r flee & hide himself1 or be tak5 & p]i%40 ,n[ to ^! /atem5ts ,i w\ld answ] t we revile no "o1 = we believe t 8revil]s w n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god40#afdd ,& we read1 8,bless !m t curse y2 bless1 & curse n20 also1 8,be+ revil$1 we bless40 ,& ev5 al?\gh ! abuse :i* we p\r ^u ano!r may seem to h "s excuse 9 ! wrong :i* we h receiv$ f him1 yet su* abuse is n all[$ by ! ^w ( ,god4 ,& h[ mu* m ought we to ab/a9 f revil+ o!rs1 :5 we consid] :at a great folly x is6 ,& x is equally fooli% to apply abusive language to /one or gold or silv]1 turn$ into :at is suppos$ to be ! =m ( ,god by ^? :o h no k ( ,god4 ,accord+ly1 we ?r[ ridicule n ^u lifeless images1 b ^u ^? only :o wor%ip !m4 ,moreov]1 if c]ta9 demons reside 9 c]ta9 images1 & "o ( !m passes = ,bac*us1 ano!r = ,h]cules1 we d n vilify !m3 =1 on ! "o h&1 x w\ld be useless2 &1 on ! o!r1 x does n become "o :o is meek1 & peaceful1 & g5tle 9 _s1 & :o has le>nt t no "o among m5 or demons is to be revil$1 h[ev] wick$ he may be4 ,footnote #afdd3 #a ,cor4 vi4 #aj4 ,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,!re is an inconsi/5cy into :i*1 /rangely en\gh1 ,celsus has fall5 unaw>es4 ,^? demons or gods :om he extoll$ a little be=e1 he n[ %[s to be 9 fact ! vile/ ( creatures1 puni%+ m = _! own rev5ge ?an = ! improvem5t ( ^? :o revile !m4 ,8 words are1 8,if y _h revil$ ,bac*us or ,h]cules :5 pres5t 9 p]son1 y w\ld n h escap$ ) impunity40 ,h[ any "o c he> )\t be+ pres5t 9 p]son1 ,i leave any "o :o w to expla92 z also ^? o!r que/ions1 8,:y he is sometimes pres5t1 & sometimes abs5t80 &1 8,:at is ! bus9ess :i* takes demons away f place to place80 ,aga91 :5 he says1 8,^? :o crucifi$ y\r ,god himself1 suff]$ no h>m = do+ s10 he supposes t x is ! body ( ,jesus ext5d$ on ! cross & sla91 & n ,8 div9e nature1 t we call ,god2 & t x 0 z ,god t ,jesus 0 crucifi$ & sla94 ,z we h already dwelt at l5g? on ! suff]+s :i* ,jesus suff]$ z a man1 we %all purposely say no m "h1 t we may n repeat :at we h said already4 ,b :5 he goes on to say t 8^? :o inflict$ dea? ^u ,jesus suff]$ no?+ aft]w>ds ?r\gh s long a "t10 we mu/ in=m him1 z well z all :o are dispos$ to le>n ! tru?1 t ! city 9 :i* ! ,jewi% p call$ = ! crucifixion ( ,jesus ) %\ts ( 8,crucify him1 crucify him10#afde pref]r+ to h ! robb] set free1 :o _h be5 ca/ into prison = s$ition & murd]1 & ,jesus1 :o _h be5 deliv]$ ?r\gh envy1 to be crucifi$1--t ?is city n long aft]w>ds 0 attack$1 &1 aft] a long siege1 0 utt]ly ov]?r[n & laid wa/e2 = ,god judg$ ! inhabitants ( t place unwor?y ( liv+ toge!r ! life ( citiz5s4 ,& yet1 ?\gh x may seem an incr$ible ?+ to say1 ,god sp>$ ?is p 9 deliv]+ !m to _! enemies2 = ,he saw t !y 7 incurably av]se to any am5dm5t1 & 7 daily s9k+ deep] & deep] into evil4 ,& all ?is befell !m1 because ! blood ( ,jesus 0 %$ at _! in/igation & on _! l&2 & ! l& 0 no long] able to be> ^? :o 7 guilty ( s fe>ful a crime aga9/ ,jesus4 ,footnote #afde3 ,luke xxiii4 #ba1 #be4 ,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,"s new ?+1 !n1 has come to pass s9ce ! "t t ,jesus suff]$1--t1 ,i mean1 :i* has happ5$ to ! city1 to ! :ole nation1 & 9 ! sudd5 & g5]al rise ( a ,*ri/ian community4 ,& t1 too1 is a new ?+1 t ^? :o 7 /rang]s to ! cov5ants ( ,god1 ) no "p 9 ,8 promises1 & f> f ! tru?1 h by a div9e p[] be5 enabl$ to embrace ! tru?4 ,^! ?+s 7 n ! "w ( an impo/or1 b 7 ! "w ( ,god1 :o s5t ,8 ,^w1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 to make kn[n ,8 purposes4#afdf ,! suff]+s & dea? :i* ,jesus endur$ ) su* =titude & meekness1 %[ ! cruelty & inju/ice ( ^? :o inflict$ !m1 b !y did n de/roy ! ann\ncem5t ( ! purposes ( ,god2 inde$1 if we may s say1 !y s]v$ r to make !m kn[n4 ,= ,jesus ,himself taught u ?is :5 ,he said1 8,except a gra9 ( :eat fall into ! gr\nd & die1 x abide? by itself alone3 b if x die1 x br+e? =? mu* fruit40#afdg ,jesus1 !n1 :o is ?is gra9 ( :eat1 di$1 & br\ght =? mu* fruit4 ,& ! ,fa!r is ev] look+ =w>d = ! results ( ! dea? ( ! gra9 ( :eat1 bo? ^? :i* are aris+ n[1 & ^? :i* %all arise h]eaft]4 ,! ,fa!r ( ,jesus is !re=e a t5d] & lov+ ,fa!r1 ?\gh 8,he sp>$ n ,8 own ,son1 b deliv]$ ,him up0 z ,8 lamb 8= u all10#afdh t s 8! ,lamb ( ,god10 by dy+ = all m51 might 8take away ! s9 ( ! _w40 ,x 0 n by compulsion1 !re=e1 b will+ly1 t ,he bore ! reproa*es ( ^? :o revil$ ,him4 ,!n ,celsus1 return+ to ^? :o apply abusive language to images1 says3 8,( ^? :om y load ) insults1 y may 9 l mann] say t !y volunt>ily submit to su* treatm5t1 & !re=e !y be> insults ) pati5ce2 = x is be/ to deal equally ) bo? sides4 ,yet ^! sev]ely puni% ! scorn]1 s t he mu/ ei!r flee & hide himself1 or be tak5 & p]i%40 ,x is n1 !n1 because ,*ri/ians ca/ insults ^u demons t !y incur _! rev5ge1 b because !y drive !m away out ( ! images1 & f ! bodies & s\ls ( m54 ,& "h1 al?\gh ,celsus p]ceives x n1 he has on ?is subject spok5 some?+ l ! tru?2 = x is true t ! s\ls ( ^? :o condemn ,*ri/ians1 & betray !m1 & rejoice 9 p]secut+ !m1 are fill$ ) wick$ demons4 ,footnote #afdf3 4 ,sp5c] reads 9 ?is & ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,footnote #afdg3 ,john xii4 #bd4 ,footnote #afdh3 ,rom4 viii4 #cb4 ,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,b :5 ! s\ls ( ^? :o die = ! ,*ri/ian fai? dep>t f ! body ) great glory1 !y de/roy ! p[] ( ! demons1 & fru/rate _! designs aga9/ m54 ,:]e=e ,i imag9e1 t z ! demons h le>nt f exp]i5ce t !y are defeat$ & ov]p[]$ by ! m>tyrs = ! tru?1 !y are afraid to h rec\rse aga9 to viol5ce4 ,& ?us1 until !y =get ! defeats !y h su/a9$1 x is probable t ! _w w be at peace ) ! ,*ri/ians4 ,b :5 !y recov] _! p[]1 &1 ) eyes bl9d$ by s91 wi% aga9 to take _! rev5ge on ,*ri/ians1 & p]secute !m1 !n aga9 !y w be defeat$1 & !n aga9 ! s\ls ( ! godly1 :o lay d[n _! lives = ! cause ( godl9ess1 %all utt]ly de/roy ! army ( ! wick$ "o4 ,& z ! demons p]ceive t ^? :o meet dea? victori\sly = ! sake ( religion de/roy _! au?ority1 :ile ^? :o give way "u _! suff]+s1 & d5y ! fai?1 come "u _! p[]1 ,i imag9e t at times !y feel a deep int]e/ 9 ,*ri/ians :5 on _! trial1 & ke5ly /rive to ga9 !m ov] to _! side1 feel+ z !y d t _! confession is torture to !m1 & _! d5ial is a relief & enc\ragem5t to !m4 ,& traces ( ! same feel+ may be se5 9 ! demean\r ( ! judges2 = !y are greatly di/ress$ at see+ ^? :o be> outrage & torture ) pati5ce1 b are greatly elat$ :5 a ,*ri/ian gives way "u x4 ,yet x is f no feel+ ( humanity t ?is arises4 ,!y see well1 t1 :ile 8! tongues0 ( ^? :o are ov]p[]$ by ! tortures 8may take ! oa?1 ! m9d has n sworn40#afdi ,& ?is may s]ve z an answ] to ! rem>k ( ,celsus3 8,b !y sev]ely puni% "o :o reviles !m1 s t he mu/ ei!r flee & hide himself1 or be tak5 & p]i%40 ,if a ,*ri/ian ev] flees away1 x is n f fe>1 b 9 ob$i5ce to ! comm& ( 8 ,ma/]1 t s he may pres]ve himself1 & employ 8 /r5g? = ! b5efit ( o!rs4 ,footnote #afdi3 ,euripides1 ,hippolytus4 ,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,let u see :at ,celsus next goes on to say4 ,x is z foll[s3 8,:at ne$ is !re to collect all ! oracul> responses1 :i* h be5 deliv]$ ) a div9e voice by prie/s & prie/esses1 z well z by o!rs1 :e!r m5 or wom51 :o 7 "u a div9e influ5ce8--all ! wond]ful ?+s t h be5 he>d issu+ f ! inn] sanctu>y8--all ! revelations t h be5 made to ^? :o consult$ ! sacrificial victims8--& all ! k t has be5 convey$ to m5 by o!r signs & prodigies8 ,to "s ! gods h appe>$ 9 visible =ms4 ,! _w is full ( su* in/ances4 ,h[ _m cities h be5 built 9 ob$i5ce to comm&s receiv$ f oracles2 h[ (t51 9 ! same way1 deliv]$ f disease & fam9e6 ,or aga91 h[ _m cities1 f disreg>d or =getfulness ( ^! oracles1 h p]i%$ mis]ably6 ,h[ _m colonies h be5 e/abli%$ & made to fl\ri% by foll[+ _! ord]s6 ,h[ _m pr9ces & private p]sons h1 f ?is cause1 _h prosp]ity or adv]sity6 ,h[ _m :o m\rn$ ov] _! *ildlessness1 h obta9$ ! bless+ !y ask$ =6 ,h[ _m h turn$ away f !mselves ! ang] ( demons6 ,h[ _m :o 7 maim$ 9 _! limbs1 h _h !m re/or$6 ,& aga91 h[ _m h met ) summ>y puni%m5t = %[+ want ( rev]5ce to ! temples--"s be+ in/antly seiz$ ) madness1 o!rs op5ly confess+ _! crimes1 o!rs hav+ put an end to _! lives1 & o!rs hav+ become ! victims ( incurable maladies6 ,yea1 "s h be5 sla9 by a t]rible voice issu+ f ! inn] sanctu>y40 ,i "k n h[ x comes t ,celsus br+s =w>d ^! z und\bt$ facts1 :il/ at ! same "t he treats z m]e fables ! wond]s :i* are record$ & h&$ d[n to u z hav+ happ5$ among ! ,jews1 or z hav+ be5 p]=m$ by ,jesus & ,8 disciples4 ,= :y may n our acc\nts be true1 & ^? ( ,celsus fables & fictions8 ,at lea/1 ^! latt] 7 n believ$ by ! foll[]s ( ,democritus1 ,epicurus1 & ,ari/otle1 al?\gh p]haps ^! ,grecian sects w\ld h be5 conv9c$ by ! evid5ce 9 support ( our miracles1 if ,moses or any ( ! prophets :o wr\ght ^! wond]s1 or ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself1 _h come 9 _! way4 ,*apt] ,,xlvi4 ,x is relat$ ( ! prie/ess ( ,apollo1 t %e at times all[$ h]self to be influ5c$ 9 h] answ]s by bribes2 b our prophets 7 admir$ = _! pla9 tru?fulness1 n only by _! contempor>ies1 b also by ^? :o liv$ 9 lat] times4 ,= ?r\gh ! comm&s pron\nc$ by ! prophets cities 7 f\nd$1 m5 7 cur$1 & plagues 7 /ay$4 ,inde$1 ! :ole ,jewi% race w5t out z a colony f ,egypt to ,pale/9e1 9 accordance ) ! div9e oracles4 ,!y also1 :5 !y foll[$ ! comm&s ( ,god1 7 prosp]\s2 :5 !y dep>t$ f !m1 !y suff]$ rev]ses4 ,:at ne$ is !re to quote all ! pr9ces & private p]sons 9 ,scripture hi/ory :o f>$ well or ill accord+ z !y obey$ or despis$ ! words ( ! prophets8 ,if we ref] to ^? :o 7 unhappy because !y 7 *ildless1 b :o1 aft] (f]+ pray]s to ! ,creator ( all1 became fa!rs & mo!rs1 let any "o read ! acc\nts ( ,abraham & ,s>ah1 to :om at an advanc$ age 0 born ,isaac1 ! fa!r ( ! :ole ,jewi% nation3 & !re are o!r in/ances ( ! same ?+4 ,let him also read ! acc\nt ( ,hezekiah1 :o n only recov]$ f 8 sickness1 accord+ to ! pr$iction ( ,isaiah1 b 0 also bold en\gh to say1 8,aft]w>ds ,i %all beget *ildr51 :o %all decl>e ,?y righte\sness40#afej ,& 9 ! f\r? book ( ,k+s we read t ! prophet ,eli%a made kn[n to a woman :o _h receiv$ him hospitably1 t by ! grace ( ,god %e %\ld h a son2 & ?r\gh ! pray]s ( ,eli%a %e became a "m4 ,! maim$ 7 cur$ by ,jesus 9 great numb]s4 ,& ! books ( ! ,maccabees relate :at puni%m5ts 7 inflict$ ^u ^? :o d>$ to pr(ane ! ,jewi% s]vice 9 ! temple at ,j]usalem4 ,footnote #afej3 ,isa4 xxxviii4 #ai 7accord+ to ! ,,lxx474 ,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,b ! ,greeks w say t ^! acc\nts are fabul\s1 al?\gh two :ole nations are witnesses to _! tru?4 ,b :y may we n consid] ! acc\nts ( ! ,greeks z fabul\s r ?an ^?8 ,p]haps "s "o1 h[ev]1 wi%+ n to appe> bl9dly to accept 8 own /atem5ts & reject ^? ( o!rs1 w\ld conclude1 aft] a close exam9ation ( ! matt]1 t ! wond]s m5tion$ by ! ,greeks 7 p]=m$ by c]ta9 demons2 ^? among ! ,jews by prophets or by angels1 or by ,god ?r\gh ! means ( angels1 & ^? record$ by ,*ri/ians by ,jesus ,himself1 or by ,8 p[] work+ 9 ,8 apo/les4 ,let u1 !n1 comp>e all ^! acc\nts toge!r2 let u exam9e into ! aim & purpose ( ^? :o p]=m$ !m2 & let u inquire :at effect 0 produc$ ^u ! p]sons on ^: acc\nt ^! acts ( k9dness 7 p]=m$1 :e!r b5eficial or hurtful1 or nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,! anci5t ,jewi% p1 be=e !y s9n$ aga9/ ,god1 & 7 = _! great wick$ness ca/ (f by ,him1 mu/ evid5tly h be5 a p ( great wisdom4#afea ,b ,*ri/ians1 :o h 9 s wond]ful a mann] =m$ !mselves into a community1 appe> at fir/ to h be5 m induc$ by miracles ?an by exhortations to =sake ! in/itutions ( _! fa!rs1 & to adopt o!rs :i* 7 q /range to !m4 ,& inde$1 if we 7 to reason f :at is probable z to ! fir/ =mation ( ! ,*ri/ian society1 we %\ld say t x is incr$ible t ! apo/les ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o 7 unlett]$ m5 ( humble life1 c\ld h be5 embold5$ to prea* ,*ri/ian tru? to m5 by any?+ else ?an ! p[] :i* 0 conf]r$ ^u !m1 & ! grace :i* accompani$ _! words & r5d]$ !m effective2 & ^? :o he>d !m w\ld n h r5\nc$ ! old-e/abli%$ usages ( _! fa!rs1 & be5 induc$ to adopt notions s diff]5t f ^? 9 :i* !y _h be5 br\ght up1 unless !y _h be5 mov$ by "s extraord9>y p[]1 & by ! =ce ( miracul\s ev5ts4 ,footnote #afea3 4 ,*apt] ,,xlviii4 ,9 ! next place1 ,celsus1 aft] ref]r+ to ! en?usiasm ) :i* m5 w cont5d unto dea? r ?an abjure ,*ri/ianity1 adds /rangely en\gh "s rem>ks1 9 :i* he wi%es to %[ t our doctr9es are simil> to ^? deliv]$ by ! prie/s at ! celebration ( ! hea!n my/]ies4 ,he says1 8,j z y1 good sir1 believe 9 et]nal puni%m5ts1 s also d ! prie/s :o int]pret & initiate into ! sacr$ my/]ies4 ,! same puni%m5ts ) :i* y ?reat5 o!rs1 !y ?reat5 y4 ,n[ x is wor?y ( exam9ation1 :i* ( ! two is m firmly e/abli%$ z true2 = bo? p>ties cont5d ) equal assurance t ! tru? is on _! side4 ,b if we require pro(s1 ! prie/s ( ! hea!n gods produce _m t are cle> & conv9c+1 p>tly f wond]s p]=m$ by demons1 & p>tly f ! answ]s giv5 by oracles1 & v>i\s o!r modes ( div9ation40 ,he w\ld1 !n1 h u believe t we & ! int]pret]s ( ! my/]ies equally tea* ! doctr9e ( et]nal puni%m5t1 & t x is a matt] = inquiry on :i* side ( ! two ! tru? lies4 ,n[ ,i %\ld say t ! tru? lies ) ^? :o are able to induce _! he>]s to live z m5 :o are conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( :at !y h he>d4 ,b ,jews & ,*ri/ians h be5 ?us affect$ by ! doctr9es !y hold ab\t :at we speak ( z ! _w to come1 & ! rew>ds ( ! righte\s1 & ! puni%m5ts ( ! wick$4 ,let ,celsus !n1 or any "o :o w1 %[ u :o h be5 mov$ 9 ?is way 9 reg>d to et]nal puni%m5ts by ! tea*+ ( hea!n prie/s & my/agogues4 ,= surely ! purpose ( him :o br\ght to light ?is doctr9e 0 n only to reason ^u ! subject ( puni%m5ts1 & to /rike m5 ) t]ror ( !m1 b to induce ^? :o he>d ! tru? to /rive ) all _! might aga9/ ^? s9s :i* are ! causes ( puni%m5t4 ,& ^? :o /udy ! prophecies ) c>e1 & are n cont5t ) a cursory p]usal ( ! pr$ictions conta9$ 9 !m1 w f9d !m su* z to conv9ce ! intellig5t & s9c]e read] t ! ,_s ( ,god 0 9 ^? m51 & t ) _! writ+s !re is no?+ 9 all ! works ( demons1 responses ( oracles1 or say+s ( soo?say]s1 = "o mom5t to be comp>$4 ,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,let u see 9 :at t]ms ,celsus next addresses u3 8,besides1 is x n mo/ absurd & inconsi/5t 9 y1 on ! "o h&1 to make s mu* ( ! body z y d--to expect t ! same body w rise aga91 z ?\gh x 7 ! be/ & mo/ preci\s "p ( u2 & yet1 on ! o!r1 to expose x to su* tortures z ?\gh x 7 wor?less8 ,b m5 :o hold su* notions1 & are s atta*$ to ! body1 are n wor?y ( be+ reason$ )2 = 9 ?is & 9 o!r respects !y %[ !mselves to be gross1 impure1 & b5t ^u revolt+ )\t any reason f ! common belief4 ,b ,i %all direct my disc\rse to ^? :o hope = ! enjoym5t ( et]nal life ) ,god by means ( ! s\l or m9d1 :e!r !y *oose to call x a spiritual sub/ance1 an intellig5t _s1 holy & bless$1 or a liv+ s\l1 or ! heav5ly & inde/ructible (fspr+ ( a div9e & incorporeal nature1 or by :atev] "n !y designate ! spiritual nature ( man4 ,& !y are rightly p]suad$ t ^? :o live well %all be bless$1 & ! unrighte\s %all all suff] ev]la/+ puni%m5ts4 ,& f ?is doctr9e nei!r !y nor any o!r %\ld ev] sw]ve40 ,n[1 z he has (t5 already reproa*$ u = our op9ions on ! resurrection1 & z we h on ^! occasions def5d$ our op9ions 9 :at seem$ to u a reasonable way1 we d n int5d1 at ea* repetition ( ! "o objection1 to g into a repetition ( our def5ce4 ,celsus makes an unf\nd$ *>ge aga9/ u :5 he ascribes to u ! op9ion t 8!re is no?+ 9 our complex nature bett] or m preci\s ?an ! body20 = we hold t f> beyond all bodies is ! s\l1 & especially ! reasonable s\l2 = x is ! s\l1 & n ! body1 :i* be>s ! lik5ess ( ! ,creator4 ,=1 accord+ to u1 ,god is n corporeal1 unless we fall into ! absurd errors ( ! foll[]s ( ,z5o & ,*rysippus4 ,*apt] ,l4 ,b s9ce he reproa*es u ) too great an anxiety ab\t ! body1 let him "k t :5 t feel+ is a wrong "o we d n %>e 9 x1 & :5 x is indiff]5t we only long = t :i* ,god has promis$ to ! righte\s4 ,b ,celsus consid]s t we are inconsi/5t ) ourselves :5 we c\nt ! body wor?y ( hon\r f ,god1 & !re=e hope = its resurrection1 & yet at ! same "t expose x to tortures z ?\gh x 7 n wor?y ( hon\r4 ,b surely x is n )\t hon\r = ! body to suff] = ! sake ( godl9ess1 & to *oose afflictions on acc\nt ( virtue3 ! di%on\rable ?+ w\ld be = x to wa/e its p[]s 9 vici\s indulg5ce4 ,= ! div9e ^w says3 8,:at is an hon\rable se$8 ,! se$ ( man4 ,:at is a di%on\rable se$8 ,! se$ ( man40#afeb ,moreov]1 ,celsus ?9ks t he ought n to reason ) ^? :o hope = ! good ( ! body1 z !y are unreasonably int5t ^u an object :i* c nev] satisfy _! expectations4 ,he also calls !m gross & impure m51 b5t ^u creat+ ne$less diss5sions4 ,b surely he ought1 z "o ( sup]ior humanity1 to assi/ ev5 ! rude & deprav$4 ,= society does n exclude f its pale ! co>se & uncultivat$1 z x does ! irrational animals1 b our ,creator made u on ! same common level ) all mank9d4 ,x is n an undignifi$ ?+1 !re=e1 to reason ev5 ) ! co>se & unref9$1 & to try to br+ !m z f> z possible to a high] /ate ( ref9em5t--to br+ ! impure to ! highe/ practicable degree ( purity--to br+ ! unreason+ multitude to reason1 & ! diseas$ 9 m9d to spiritual heal?4 ,footnote #afeb3 ,ecclus4 x4 #ai4 ,9 ! ,,lxx4 ! la/ clause is1 8,:at is a di%on\rable se$8 ,!y t transgress ! comm&m5ts40 ,*apt] ,,li4 ,9 ! next place1 he expresses 8 approval ( ^? :o 8hope t et]nal life %all be enjoy$ ) ,god by ! s\l or m9d1 or1 z x is v>i\sly call$1 ! spiritual nature1 ! reasonable s\l1 intellig5t1 holy1 & bless$20 & he all[s ! s\ndness ( ! doctr9e1 t 8^? :o _h a good life %all be happy1 & ! unrighte\s %all suff] et]nal puni%m5ts40 ,& yet ,i wond] at :at foll[s1 m ?an at any?+ t ,celsus has ev] said2 = he adds1 8,& f ?is doctr9e let n !m or any "o ev] sw]ve40 ,= c]ta9ly 9 writ+ aga9/ ,*ri/ians1 ! v ess5ce ( ^: fai? is ,god1 & ! promises made by ,*ri/ to ! righte\s1 & ,8 w>n+s ( puni%m5t await+ ! wick$1 he mu/ see t1 if a ,*ri/ian 7 br\ght to r5\nce ,*ri/ianity by 8 argum5ts aga9/ x1 x is beyond d\bt t1 along ) 8 ,*ri/ian fai?1 he w\ld ca/ (f ! v doctr9e f :i* he says t no ,*ri/ian & no man %\ld ev] sw]ve4 ,b ,i ?9k ,celsus has be5 f> surpass$ 9 consid]ation = 8 fell[-m5 by ,*rysippus 9 8 treatise1 ,on ! ,subjugation ( ! ,passions4 ,= :5 he s\ght to apply rem$ies to ! affections & passions :i* oppress & di/ract ! human _s1 aft] employ+ su* argum5ts z seem$ to himself to be /rong1 he did n %r9k f us+ 9 ! second & ?ird place o!rs :i* he did n himself approve (4 8,=10 says he1 8if x 7 held by any "o t !re are ?ree k9ds ( good1 we mu/ seek to regulate ! passions 9 accordance ) t supposition2 & we mu/ n too curi\sly inquire into ! op9ions held by a p]son at ! "t t he is "u ! influ5ce ( passion1 le/1 if we delay too long = ! purpose ( ov]?r[+ ! op9ions by :i* ! m9d is possess$1 ! opportunity = cur+ ! passion may pass away40 ,& he adds1 8,?us1 suppos+ t pleasure 7 ! highe/ good1 or t he 0 ( t op9ion ^: m9d 0 "u ! dom9ion ( passion1 we %\ld n ! less give him help1 & %[ t1 ev5 on ! pr9ciple t pleasure is ! highe/ & f9al good ( man1 all passion is disall[$40 ,& ,celsus1 9 l mann]1 aft] hav+ embrac$ ! doctr9e1 8t ! righte\s %all be bless$1 & ! wick$ %all suff] et]nal puni%m5ts10 %\ld h foll[$ out 8 subject2 &1 aft] hav+ advanc$ :at seem$ to him ! *ief argum5t1 he %\ld h proce$$ to prove & en=ce by fur!r reasons ! tru? t ! unju/ %all surely suff] et]nal puni%m5t1 & ^? :o lead a good life %all be bless$4 ,*apt] ,,lii4 ,= we :o h be5 p]suad$ by _m1 yea by innum]able1 argum5ts to lead a ,*ri/ian life1 are especially anxi\s to br+ all m5 z f> z possible to receive ! :ole sy/em ( ,*ri/ian tru?2 b :5 we meet ) p]sons :o are prejudic$ by ! calumnies ?r[n out aga9/ ,*ri/ians1 & :o1 f a notion t ,*ri/ians are an impi\s p1 w n li/5 to any :o (f] to in/ruct !m 9 ! pr9ciples ( ! div9e ^w1 !n1 on ! common pr9ciples ( humanity1 we endeav\r to ! be/ ( our ability to conv9ce !m ( ! doctr9e ( ! puni%m5t ( ! wick$1 & to induce ev5 ^? :o are unwill+ to become ,*ri/ians to accept t tru?4 ,& we are ?us anxi\s to p]suade !m ( ! rew>ds ( "r liv+1 :5 we see t _m ?+s :i* we tea* ab\t a heal?y moral life are also taught by ! enemies ( our fai?4 ,= y w f9d t !y h n entirely lo/ ! common notions ( "r & wrong1 ( good & evil4 ,let all m51 !re=e1 :5 !y look ^u ! univ]se1 obs]ve ! con/ant revolution ( ! un]r+ />s1 ! conv]se motion ( ! planets1 ! con/itution ( ! atmosph]e1 & its adaptation to ! necessities ( ! animals1 & especially ( man1 ) all ! innum]able contrivances = ! wellbe+ ( mank9d2 & !n1 aft] ?us consid]+ ! ord] ( ! univ]se1 let !m bew>e ( do+ aught :i* is displeas+ to ! ,creator ( ?is univ]se1 ( ! s\l & its intellig5t pr9ciple2 & let !m re/ assur$ t puni%m5t %all be inflict$ on ! wick$1 & rew>ds %all be be/[$ ^u ! righte\s1 by ,him :o deals ) e "o z he des]ves1 & :o w proportion ,8 rew>ds to ! good t ea* has done1 & to ! acc\nt ( himself t he is able to give4 ,& let all m5 "k t ! good %all be advanc$ to a high] /ate1 & t ! wick$ %all be deliv]$ ov] to suff]+s & torm5ts1 9 puni%m5t ( _! lic5ti\sness & depravity1 _! c[>dice1 timidity1 & all _! follies4 ,*apt] ,,liii4 ,hav+ said s mu* on ?is subject1 let u proce$ to ano!r /atem5t ( ,celsus3 8,s9ce m5 are born unit$ to a body1 :e!r to suit ! ord] ( ! univ]se1 or t !y may 9 t way suff] ! puni%m5t ( s92 or because ! s\l is oppress$ by c]ta9 passions until x is purg$ f ^! at ! appo9t$ p]iod ( "t1--=1 accord+ to ,emp$ocles1 all mank9d mu/ be bani%$ f ! abodes ( ! bless$ = #cj1jjj p]iods ( "t1--we mu/ !re=e believe t !y are entru/$ to c]ta9 be+s z keep]s ( ?is prison-h\se40 ,y w obs]ve t ,celsus1 9 ^! rem>ks1 speaks ( su* weighty matt]s 9 ! language ( d\btful human conjecture4 ,he adds also v>i\s op9ions z to ! orig9 ( man1 & %[s consid]able reluctance to set d[n any ( ^! op9ions z false4 ,:5 he _h once come to ! conclusion nei!r indiscrim9ately to accept nor recklessly to reject ! op9ions held by ! anci5ts1 w\ld x n h be5 9 accordance ) t same rule ( judg+1 if1 :5 he f\nd himself n dispos$ to believe ! doctr9es taught by ! ,jewi% prophets & by ,jesus1 at any rate to h held !m z matt]s op5 to inquiry8 ,& %\ld he n h consid]$ :e!r x is v probable t a p :o fai?fully s]v$ ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 & :o (ttimes enc\nt]$ numb]less dang]s1 & ev5 dea?1 r ?an sacrifice ! hon\r ( ,god1 & :at !y believ$ to be ! revelations ( ,8 w1 %\ld h be5 :olly ov]look$ by ,god8 ,%\ld x n r be ?\ght probable t p :o despis$ ! ef=ts ( human art to repres5t ! ,div9e ,be+1 b /rove r to rise 9 ?\ght to ! k ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 %\ld h be5 fav\r$ ) "s revelation f ,himself8 ,besides1 he ought to h consid]$ t ! common ,fa!r & ,creator ( all1 :o sees & he>s all ?+s1 & :o duly e/eems ! int5tion ( e man :o seeks ,him & desires to s]ve ,him1 w grant unto ^! also "s ( ! b5efits ( ,8 rule1 & w give !m an enl>gem5t ( t k ( ,himself :i* ,he has once be/[$ ^u !m4 ,if ?is _h be5 rememb]$ by ,celsus & ! o!rs :o hate ,moses & ! ,jewi% prophets1 & ,jesus1 & ,8 fai?ful disciples1 :o endur$ s mu* = ! sake ( ,8 ^w1 !y w\ld n ?us h revil$ ,moses1 & ! prophets1 & ,jesus1 & ,8 apo/les2 & !y w\ld n h s+l$ out = _! contempt ! ,jews beyond all ! nations ( ! e>?1 & said !y 7 worse ev5 ?an ! ,egyptians1--a p :o1 ei!r f sup]/ition or "s o!r =m ( delusion1 w5t z f> z !y c\ld 9 degrad+ ! ,div9e ,be+ to ! level ( brute bea/s4 ,& we invite inquiry1 n z ?\gh we wi%$ to lead any to d\bt reg>d+ ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 b 9 ord] to %[ t x w\ld be bett] = ^? :o 9 e way revile ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 at any rate to susp5d _! judgm5t1 & n s ra%ly to /ate ab\t ,jesus & ,8 apo/les su* ?+s z !y d n "k1 & z !y _c prove1 ei!r by :at ! ,/oics call 8appreh5sive p]ception10#afec or by any o!r me?ods us$ by diff]5t sects ( philosoph]s z crit]ia ( tru?4 ,footnote #afec3 4 ,*apt] ,,liv4 ,:5 ,celsus adds1 8,we mu/ !re=e believe t m5 are entru/$ to c]ta9 be+s :o are ! keep]s ( ?is prison-h\se10 our answ] is1 t ! s\ls ( ^? :o are call$ by ,j]emiah 8prison]s ( ! e>?10#afed :5 eag] 9 ! pursuit ( virtue1 are ev5 9 ?is life deliv]$ f ! bondage ( evil2 = ,jesus decl>$ ?is1 z 0 =etold long be=e ,8 adv5t by ! prophet ,isaiah1 :5 he said t 8! prison]s w\ld g =?1 & !y t 7 9 d>kness w\ld %[ !mselves40#afee ,& ,jesus ,himself1 z ,isaiah also =etold ( ,him1 arose z 8a light to !m t sat 9 d>kness & 9 ! %ad[ ( dea?10#afef s t we may !re=e say1 8,let u break _! b&s asund]1 & ca/ _! cords f u40#afeg ,if ,celsus1 & ^? :o l him are oppos$ to u1 _h be5 able to s\nd ! dep?s ( ! gospel n>ratives1 !y w\ld n h c\nsell$ u to put our confid5ce 9 ^? be+s :om !y call 8! keep]s ( ! prison-h\se40 ,x is writt5 9 ! ,gospel t a woman 0 b[$ toge!r1 & c\ld 9 no wise lift up h]self4 ,& :5 ,jesus beheld h]1 & p]ceiv$ f :at cause %e 0 b[$ toge!r1 he said1 8,ought n ?is daught] ( ,abraham1 :om ,satan has b\nd1 lo1 ^! eighte5 ye>s1 to be loos$ f ?is bond on ! ,sabba? day80#afeh ,& h[ _m o!rs are /ill b[$ d[n & b\nd by ,satan1 :o h9d]s !m f look+ up at all1 & :o w\ld h u to look d[n also6 ,& no "o c raise !m up1 except ! ,^w1 t came by ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t a=etime inspir$ ! prophets4 ,& ,jesus came to release ^? :o 7 "u ! dom9ion ( ! devil2 &1 speak+ ( him1 ,he said ) t dep? ( mean+ :i* *>act]iz$ ,8 words1 8,n[ is ! pr9ce ( ?is _w judg$40 ,we are1 !n1 indulg+ 9 no baseless calumnies aga9/ demons1 b are condemn+ _! ag5cy ^u e>? z de/ructive to mank9d1 & %[ t1 "u cov] ( oracles & bodily cures1 & su* o!r means1 !y are seek+ to sep>ate f ,god ! s\l :i* has desc5d$ to ?is 8body ( humiliation20 & ^? :o feel ?is humiliation exclaim1 8,o wret*$ man t ,i am6 :o %all deliv] me f ! body ( ?is dea?80#afei ,x is n 9 va91 !re=e1 t we expose our bodies to be beat5 & tortur$2 = surely x is n 9 va9 = a man to submit to su* suff]+s1 if by t means he may avoid be/[+ ! "n ( gods on ^? e>?ly spirits t unite ) _! wor%ipp]s to br+ him to de/ruction4 ,inde$1 we ?9k x bo? reasonable 9 itself & well-pleas+ to ,god1 to suff] pa9 = ! sake ( virtue1 to und]go torture = ! sake ( piety1 & ev5 to suff] dea? = ! sake ( hol9ess2 = 8preci\s 9 ! sight ( ,god is ! dea? ( ,8 sa9ts20#affj & we ma9ta9 t to ov]come ! love ( life is to enjoy a great good4 ,b :5 ,celsus comp>es u to notori\s crim9als1 :o ju/ly suff] puni%m5t = _! crimes1 & does n %r9k f plac+ s laudable a purpose z t :i* we set be=e u ^u ! same level ) ! ob/9acy ( crim9als1 he makes himself ! bro!r & companion ( ^? :o acc\nt$ ,jesus among crim9als1 fulfill+ ! ,scripture1 :i* sai?1 8,he 0 numb]$ ) transgressors40#affa ,footnote #afed3 ,lam4 iii4 #cd4 ,footnote #afee3 ,isa4 xlix4 #i4 ,footnote #afef3 ,isa4 ix4 #b4 ,footnote #afeg3 ,ps4 ii4 #c4 ,footnote #afeh3 ,luke xiii4 #aa1 #af4 ,footnote #afei3 ,rom4 vii4 #bd4 ,footnote #affj3 ,ps4 cxvi4 #ae4 ,footnote #affa3 ,isa4 liii4 #ab4 ,*apt] ,,lv4 ,celsus goes on to say3 8,!y mu/ make _! *oice betwe5 two alt]natives4 ,if !y refuse to r5d] due s]vice to ! gods1 & to respect ^? :o are set ov] ?is s]vice1 let !m n come to manhood1 or m>ry wives1 or h *ildr51 or inde$ take any %>e 9 ! affairs ( life2 b let !m dep>t h5ce ) all spe$1 & leave no po/]ity beh9d !m1 t su* a race may become ext9ct f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,or1 on ! o!r h&1 if !y w take wives1 & br+ up *ildr51 & ta/e ( ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & p>take ( all ! bless+s ( life1 & be> its appo9t$ sorr[s 7= nature h]self ha? allott$ sorr[s to all m52 = sorr[s mu/ exi/1 & e>? is ! only place = !m71 !n mu/ !y dis*>ge ! duties ( life until !y are releas$ f its bonds1 & r5d] due hon\r to ^? be+s :o control ! affairs ( ?is life1 if !y w\ld n %[ !mselves ungrateful to !m4 ,= x w\ld be unju/ 9 !m1 aft] receiv+ ! good ?+s :i* !y disp5se1 to pay !m no tribute 9 return40 ,to ?is we reply1 t !re appe>s to u to be no good reason = our leav+ ?is _w1 except :5 piety & virtue require x2 z :51 = example1 ^? :o are set z judges1 & ?9k t !y h p[] ov] our lives1 place be=e u ! alt]native ei!r to live 9 violation ( ! comm&s ( ,jesus1 or to die if we cont9ue ob$i5t to !m4 ,b ,god has all[$ u to m>ry1 because all are n fit = ! high]1 t is1 ! p]fectly pure life2 & ,god w\ld h u to br+ up all our *ildr51 & n to de/roy any ( ! (fspr+ giv5 u by ,8 provid5ce4 ,& ?is does n conflict ) our purpose n to obey ! demons t are on ! e>?2 =1 8be+ arm$ ) ! :ole arm\r ( ,god1 we /&0#affb z a?letes ( piety aga9/ ! race ( demons t plot aga9/ u4 ,footnote #affb3 ,eph4 vi4 #aa4 ,*apt] ,,lvi4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 ,celsus w\ld1 9 8 own words1 8drive u ) all ha/e out ( life10 s t 8su* a race may become ext9ct f ! e>?20 yet we1 along ) ^? :o wor%ip ! ,creator1 w live accord+ to ! laws ( ,god1 nev] cons5t+ to obey ! laws ( s94 ,we w m>ry if we wi%1 & br+ up ! *ildr5 giv5 to u 9 m>riage2 & if ne$ be1 we w n only p>take ( ! bless+s ( life1 b be> its appo9t$ sorr[s z a trial to our s\ls4 ,= 9 ?is way is div9e ,scripture accu/om$ to speak ( human afflictions1 by :i*1 z gold is tri$ 9 ! fire1 s ! _s ( man is tri$1 & is f\nd to be wor?y ei!r ( condemnation or ( praise4 ,= ^? ?+s :i* ,celsus calls evils we are !re=e prep>$1 & are ready to say1 8,try me1 ,o ,"l1 & prove me2 purge my re9s & my he>t40#affc ,= 8no "o w be cr[n$10 unless "h ^u e>?1 ) ?is body ( humiliation1 8he /rive lawfully40#affd ,fur!r1 we d n pay hon\rs suppos$ to be due to ^? :om ,celsus speaks ( z be+ set ov] ! affairs ( ! _w4 ,= we wor%ip ! ,"l our ,god1 & ,him only d we s]ve1 & desire to be foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 :o1 :5 ! devil said to ,him1 8,all ^! ?+s w ,i give !e if ?\ wilt fall d[n & wor%ip me10 answ]$ him by ! words1 8,?\ %alt wor%ip ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & ,him only %alt ?\ s]ve40#affe ,:]e=e we d n r5d] ! hon\r suppos$ to be due to ^? :o1 accord+ to ,celsus1 are set ov] ! affairs ( ?is _w2 = 8no man c s]ve two ma/]s10 & we 8_c s]ve ,god & mammon10 :e!r ?is "n be appli$ to "o or m4 ,moreov]1 if any "o 8by transgress+ ! law di%on\rs ! lawgiv]10 x seems cle> to u t if ! two laws1 ! law ( ,god & ! law ( mammon1 are completely oppos$ to ea* o!r1 x is bett] = u by transgress+ ! law ( mammon to di%on\r mammon1 t we may hon\r ,god by keep+ ,8 law1 ?an by transgress+ ! law ( ,god to di%on\r ,god1 t by obey+ ! law ( mammon we may hon\r mammon4 ,footnote #affc3 ,ps4 xxvi4 #b4 ,footnote #affd3 #b ,tim4 ii4 #e4 ,footnote #affe3 ,matt4 iv4 #i1 #aj4 ,*apt] ,,lvii4 ,celsus supposes t m5 8dis*>ge ! duties ( life until !y are loos5$ f its bonds10 :51 9 accordance ) commonly receiv$ cu/oms1 !y (f] sacrifices to ea* ( ! gods recognis$ 9 ! /ate2 & he fails to p]ceive ! true duty :i* is fulfill$ by an e>ne/ piety4 ,= we say t he truly dis*>ges ! duties ( life :o is ev] m9dful :o is 8 ,creator1 & :at ?+s are agreeable to ,him1 & :o acts 9 all ?+s s t he may please ,god4 ,aga91 ,celsus wi%es u to be ?ankful to ^! demons1 imag9+ t we owe !m ?ank(f]+s4 ,b we1 :ile recognis+ ! duty ( ?ankfulness1 ma9ta9 t we %[ no +ratitude by refus+ to give ?anks to be+s :o d u no good1 b :o r set !mselves aga9/ u :5 we nei!r sacrifice to !m nor wor%ip !m4 ,we are mu* m conc]n$ le/ we %\ld be ungrateful to ,god1 :o has load$ u ) ,8 b5efits1 ^: workman%ip we are1 :o c>es = u 9 :atev] condition we may be1 & :o has giv5 u hopes ( ?+s beyond ?is pres5t life4 ,& we h a symbol ( gratitude to ,god 9 ! bread :i* we call ! ,eu*>i/4 ,besides1 z we h %[n be=e1 ! demons h n ! control ( ^? ?+s :i* h be5 creat$ = our use2 we commit no wrong1 !re=e1 :5 we p>take ( creat$ ?+s1 & yet refuse to (f] sacrifices to be+s :o h no conc]n ) !m4 ,moreov]1 z we "k t x is n demons1 b angels1 :o h be5 set ov] ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & ov] ! bir? ( animals1 x is ! latt] t we praise & bless1 z hav+ be5 appo9t$ by ,god ov] ! ?+s ne$ful = our race2 yet ev5 to !m we w n give ! hon\r :i* is due to ,god4 ,= ?is w\ld n be pleas+ to ,god1 nor w\ld x be any pleasure to ! angels !mselves to :om ^! ?+s h be5 committ$4 ,inde$1 !y are mu* m pleas$ if we refra9 f (f]+ sacrifices to !m ?an if we (f] !m2 = !y h no desire = ! sacrificial od\rs :i* rise f ! e>?4 ,*apt] ,,lviii4 ,celsus goes on to say3 8,let any "o inquire ( ! ,egyptians1 & he w f9d t ev]y?+1 ev5 to ! mo/ insignificant1 is committ$ to ! c>e ( a c]ta9 demon4 ,! body ( man is divid$ into ?irty-six p>ts1 & z _m demons ( ! air are appo9t$ to ! c>e ( x1 ea* hav+ *>ge ( a diff]5t "p1 al?\gh o!rs make ! numb] mu* l>g]4 ,all ^! demons h 9 ! language ( t c\ntry di/9ct names2 z ,*n\m51 ,*na*\m51 ,cnat1 ,sicat1 ,bi\1 ,er\1 ,erebi\1 ,ramanor1 ,reianoor1 & o!r su* ,egyptian names4 ,moreov]1 !y call ^u !m1 & are cur$ ( diseases ( p>ticul> p>ts ( ! body4 ,:at1 !n1 is !re to prev5t a man f giv+ hon\r to ^! or to o!rs1 if he w\ld r be 9 heal? ?an be sick1 r h prosp]ity ?an adv]sity1 & be fre$ z mu* z possible f all plagues & tr\bles80 ,9 ?is way1 ,celsus seeks to degrade our s\ls to ! wor%ip ( demons1 "u ! assumption t !y h possession ( our bodies1 & t ea* "o has p[] ov] a sep>ate memb]4 ,& he wi%es u on ?is gr\nd to put confid5ce 9 ^! demons ( :i* he speaks1 & to s]ve !m1 9 ord] t we may be 9 heal? r ?an be sick1 h prosp]ity r ?an adv]sity1 & may z f> z possible escape all plagues & tr\bles4 ,! hon\r ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 :i* _c be divid$ or %>$ ) ano!r1 is s lightly e/eem$ by him1 t he _c believe 9 ! ability ( ,god1 if call$ ^u & highly hon\r$1 to give to ^? :o s]ve ,him a p[] by :i* !y may be def5d$ f ! assaults direct$ by demons aga9/ ! righte\s4 ,= he has nev] beheld ! efficacy ( ^? words1 89 ! "n ( ,jesus10 :5 utt]$ by ! truly fai?ful1 to deliv] n a few f demons & demoniacal possessions & o!r plagues4 ,*apt] ,,lix4 ,probably ^? :o embrace ! views ( ,celsus w smile at u :5 we say1 8,at ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %all b[1 ( ?+s 9 heav51 ( ?+s on e>?1 & ( ?+s "u ! e>?1 & e tongue0 is br\ght to 8confess t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ,"l1 to ! glory ( ,god ! ,fa!r40#afff ,b al?\gh !y may ridicule su* a /atem5t1 yet !y w receive mu* m conv9c+ argum5ts 9 support ( x ?an ,celsus br+s 9 behalf ( ,*n\m51 ,*na*\m51 ,cnat1 ,sicat1 & ! re/ ( ! ,egyptian catalogue1 :om he m5tions z be+ call$ ^u1 & z heal+ ! diseases ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! human body4 ,& obs]ve h[1 :ile seek+ to turn u away f our fai? 9 ! ,god ( all ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 he exhorts u = ! welf>e ( our bodies to fai? 9 six-&-?irty b>b>\s demons1 :om ! ,egyptian magi alone call ^u 9 "s unkn[n way1 & promise u 9 return great b5efits4 ,accord+ to ,celsus1 !n1 x w\ld be bett] = u n[ to give ourselves up to magic & sorc]y ?an to embrace ,*ri/ianity1 & to put our fai? 9 an innum]able multitude ( demons ?an 9 ! almighty1 liv+1 self-reveal+ ,god1 :o has manife/$ ,himself by ,him :o by ,8 great p[] has spread ! true pr9ciples ( hol9ess among all m5 ?r\gh\t ! _w2 yea1 ,i may add )\t exagg]ation1 ,he has giv5 ?is k to all be+s ev]y:]e possess$ ( reason1 & ne$+ deliv]ance f ! plague & corruption ( s94 ,footnote #afff3 ,phil4 ii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,*apt] ,,lx4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 suspect+ t ! t5d5cy ( su* tea*+ z he "h gives is to lead to magic1 & dread+ t h>m may arise f ^! /atem5ts1 adds3 8,c>e1 h[ev]1 mu/ be tak5 le/ any "o1 by famili>iz+ 8 m9d ) ^! matt]s1 %\ld become too mu* engross$ ) !m1 & le/1 ?r\gh an excessive reg>d = ! body1 he %\ld h 8 m9d turn$ away f high] ?+s1 & all[ !m to pass into oblivion4 ,= p]haps we ought n to despise ! op9ion ( ^? wise m5 :o say t mo/ ( ! e>?-demons are tak5 up ) c>nal indulg5ce1 blood1 od\rs1 sweet s\nds1 & o!r su* s5sual ?+s2 & !re=e !y are unable to d m ?an heal ! body1 or =etell ! =tunes ( m5 & cities1 & d o!r su* ?+s z relate to ?is mortal life40 ,if !re is1 !n1 su* a dang]\s t5d5cy 9 ?is direction1 z ev5 ! enemy ( ! tru? ( ,god confesses1 h[ mu* bett] is x to avoid all dang] ( giv+ ourselves too mu* up to ! p[] ( su* demons1 & ( becom+ turn$ aside f high] ?+s1 & suff]+ !m to pass into oblivion ?r\gh an excessive att5tion to ! body2 by entru/+ ourselves to ! ,supreme ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o has giv5 u su* in/ruction1 & ask+ ( ,him all help1 & ! gu>dian%ip ( holy & good angels1 to def5d u f ! e>?-spirits int5t on lu/1 & blood1 & sacrificial od\rs1 & /range s\nds1 & o!r s5sual ?+s6 ,= ev51 by ! confession ( ,celsus1 !y c d no?+ m ?an cure ! body4 ,b1 inde$1 ,i w\ld say t x is n cle> t ^! demons1 h[ev] mu* !y are rev]5c$1 c ev5 cure ! body4 ,b 9 seek+ recov]y f disease1 a man mu/ ei!r foll[ ! m ord9>y & simple me?od1 & h rec\rse to m$ical art2 or if he w\ld g beyond ! common me?ods adopt$ by m51 he mu/ rise to ! high] & bett] way ( seek+ ! bless+ ( ,him :o is ,god ov] all1 ?r\gh piety & pray]s4 ,*apt] ,,lxi4 ,= consid] ) y\rself :i* disposition ( m9d w be m acceptable to ! ,mo/ ,high1 ^: p[] is supreme & univ]sal1 & :o directs all = ! welf>e ( mank9d 9 body1 & 9 m9d1 & 9 outw>d ?+s1--:e!r t ( ! man :o gives himself up to ,god 9 all ?+s1 or t ( ! man :o is curi\sly inquisitive ab\t ! names ( demons1 _! p[]s & ag5cy1 ! incantations1 ! h]bs prop] to !m1 & ! /ones ) ! inscriptions grav5 on !m1 correspond+ symbolically or o!rwise to _! traditional %apes8 ,x is pla9 ev5 to ! lea/ intellig5t1 t ! disposition ( ! man :o is simple-m9d$1 & n giv5 to curi\s inquiries1 b 9 all ?+s devot$ to ! div9e w1 w be mo/ pleas+ to ,god1 & to all ^? :o are l ,god2 b t ( ! man :o1 = ! sake ( bodily heal?1 ( bodily enjoym5t1 & outw>d prosp]ity1 busies himself ab\t ! names ( demons1 & inquires by :at incantations he %all appease !m1 w be condemn$ by ,god z bad & impi\s1 & m agreeable to ! nature ( demons ?an ( m51 & w be giv5 ov] to be torn & o!rwise torm5t$ by demons4 ,= x is probable t !y1 z be+ wick$ creatures1 &1 z ,celsus confesses1 addict$ to blood1 sacrificial od\rs1 sweet s\nds1 & su* l1 w n keep _! mo/ solemn promises to ^? :o supply !m ) ^! ?+s4 ,= if o!rs invoke _! aid aga9/ ! p]sons :o h already call$ ^u !m1 & pur*ase _! fav\r ) a l>g] supply ( blood1 & od\rs1 & su* (f]+s z !y require1 !y w take "p aga9/ ^? :o ye/]day sacrific$ & pres5t$ pleasant (f]+s to !m4 ,*apt] ,,lxii4 ,9 a =m] passage1 ,celsus _h spok5 at l5g? on ! subject ( oracles1 & _h ref]r$ u to _! answ]s z be+ ! voice ( ! gods2 b n[ he makes am5ds1 & confesses t 8^? :o =etell ! =tunes ( m5 & cities1 & conc]n !mselves ab\t mortal affairs1 are e>?-spirits1 :o are giv5 up to fle%ly lu/1 blood1 od\rs1 sweet s\nds1 & o!r su* ?+s1 & :o are unable to rise above ^! s5sual objects40 ,p]haps1 :5 we oppos$ ! !ological tea*+ ( ,celsus 9 reg>d to oracles1 & ! hon\r done to ^? call$ gods1 "s "o might suspect u ( impiety :5 we alleg$ t ^! 7 /ratagems ( demoniacal p[]s1 to draw m5 away to c>nal indulg5ce4 ,b any :o ent]ta9$ ?is suspicion aga9/ u1 may n[ believe t ! /atem5ts put =? by ,*ri/ians 7 well-f\nd$1 :5 !y see ! above passage f ! writ+s ( "o :o is a pr(ess$ adv]s>y ( ,*ri/ianity1 b :o n[ at l5g? writes z "o :o has be5 ov]come by ! _s ( tru?4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 ,celsus says t 8we mu/ (f] sacrifices to !m1 9 s f> z !y are pr(itable to u1 = to (f] !m indiscrim9ately is n all[$ by reason10 yet we are n to (f] sacrifices to demons addict$ to blood & od\rs2 nor is ! ,div9e ,be+ to be pr(an$ 9 our m9ds1 by be+ br\ght d[n to ! level ( wick$ demons4 ,if ,celsus _h c>efully weigh$ ! mean+ ( ! ^w 8pr(itable10 & _h consid]$ t ! true/ pr(it lies 9 virtue & 9 virtu\s action1 he w\ld n h appli$ ! phrase 8z f> z x is pr(itable0 to ! s]vice ( su* demons1 z he has ackn[l$g$ !m to be4 ,if1 !n1 heal? ( body & success 9 life 7 to come to u on condition ( our s]v+ su* demons1 we %\ld pref] sickness & mis=tune accompani$ ) ! consci\sness ( our be+ truly devot$ to ! w ( ,god4 ,= ?is is pref]able to be+ mortally diseas$ 9 m9d1 & wret*$ ?r\gh be+ sep>ate & outca/s f ,god1 ?\gh heal?y 9 body & ab\nd+ 9 e>?ly prosp]ity4 ,& we w\ld r g = help to "o :o seeks no?+ :atev] b ! well-be+ ( m5 & ( all rational creatures1 ?an to ^? t delight 9 blood & sacrificial od\rs4 ,*apt] ,,lxiii4 ,aft] hav+ said s mu* ( ! demons1 & ( _! fondness = blood & ! od\r ( sacrifices1 ,celsus adds1 z ?\gh wi%+ to retract ! *>ge he _h made3 8,! m j op9ion is1 t demons desire no?+ & ne$ no?+1 b t !y take pleasure 9 ^? :o dis*>ge t[>ds !m (fices ( piety40 ,if ,celsus believ$ ?is to be true1 he %\ld h said s1 in/ead ( mak+ 8 previ\s /atem5ts4 ,b1 inde$1 human nature is nev] utt]ly =sak5 by ,god & ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 ! tru?4 ,:]e=e ev5 ,celsus spoke ! tru? :5 he made ! demons take pleasure 9 ! blood & smoke ( victims2 al?\gh1 by ! =ce ( 8 own evil nature1 he falls back into 8 errors1 & comp>es demons ) m5 :o rigor\sly dis*>ge e duty1 ev5 to ^? :o %[ no gratitude2 :ile to ^? :o are grateful !y ab\nd 9 acts ( k9dness4 ,"h ,celsus appe>s to me to get into confusion4 ,at "o "t 8 judgm5t is d>k5$ by ! influ5ce ( demons1 & at ano!r he recov]s f _! delud+ p[]1 & gets "s glimpses ( ! tru?4 ,= aga9 he adds3 8,we mu/ nev] 9 any way lose our hold ( ,god1 :e!r by day or by night1 :e!r 9 public or 9 secret1 :e!r 9 ^w or 9 de$1 b 9 :atev] we d1 or ab/a9 f do+40 ,t is1 z ,i und]/& x1 :atev] we d 9 public1 9 all our actions1 9 all our words1 8let ! s\l be con/antly fix$ ^u ,god40 ,& yet aga91 z ?\gh1 aft] /ruggl+ 9 argum5t aga9/ ! insane inspirations ( demons1 he 7 completely ov]come by !m1 he adds3 8,if ?is is ! case1 :at h>m is !re 9 ga9+ ! fav\r ( ! rul]s ( ! e>?1 :e!r ( a nature diff]5t f ours1 or human pr9ces & k+s8 ,= ^! h ga9$ _! dignity ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( demons40 ,9 a =m] "p1 ,celsus did 8 utmo/ to debase our s\ls to ! wor%ip ( demons2 & n[ he wi%es u to seek ! fav\r ( k+s & pr9ces1 ( :om1 z ! _w & all hi/ory are full ( !m1 ,i d n consid] x necess>y to quote examples4 ,*apt] ,,lxiv4 ,!re is !re=e ,"o ^: fav\r we %\ld seek1 & to :om we ought to pray t ,he w\ld be graci\s to u--! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 ^: fav\r is ga9$ by piety & ! practice ( e virtue4 ,& if he w\ld h u to seek ! fav\r ( o!rs aft] ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 let him consid] t1 z ! motion ( ! %ad[ foll[s t ( ! body :i* ca/s x1 s 9 l mann] x foll[s1 t :5 we h ! fav\r ( ,god1 we h also ! goodwill ( all angels & spirits :o are fri5ds ( ,god4 ,= !y "k :o are wor?y ( ! div9e approval1 & !y are n only well dispos$ to !m1 b !y co-op]ate ) !m 9 _! endeav\rs to please ,god3 !y seek ,8 fav\r on _! behalf2 ) _! pray]s !y jo9 _! own pray]s & int]cessions = !m4 ,we may inde$ boldly say1 t m5 :o aspire aft] bett] ?+s h1 :5 !y pray to ,god1 t5s ( ?\s&s ( sacr$ p[]s ^u _! side4 ,^!1 ev5 :5 n ask$1 pray ) !m1 !y br+ succ\r to our mortal race1 & if ,i may s say1 take up arms alongside ( x3 = !y see demons w>r+ & fight+ mo/ ke5ly aga9/ ! salvation ( ^? :o devote !mselves to ,god1 & despise ! ho/ility ( demons2 !y see !m savage 9 _! hatr$ ( ! man :o refuses to s]ve !m ) ! blood & fumes ( sacrifices1 b r /rives 9 e way1 by ^w & de$1 to be 9 peace & union ) ! ,mo/ ,high ?r\gh ,jesus1 :o put to flight multitudes ( demons :5 ,he w5t ab\t 8heal+10 & deliv]+ 8all :o 7 oppress$ by ! devil40#affg ,footnote #affg3 ,acts x4 #ch4 ,*apt] ,,lxv4 ,moreov]1 we are to despise +ratiat+ ourselves ) k+s or any o!r m51 n only if _! fav\r is to be won by murd]s1 lic5ti\sness1 or de$s ( cruelty1 b ev5 if x involves impiety t[>ds ,god1 or any s]vile expressions ( flatt]y & obsequi\sness1 :i* ?+s are unwor?y ( brave & high-pr9cipl$ m51 :o aim at jo9+ ) _! o!r virtues t highe/ ( virtues1 pati5ce & =titude4 ,b :il/ we d no?+ :i* is contr>y to ! law & ^w ( ,god1 we are n s mad z to /ir up aga9/ u ! wra? ( k+s & pr9ces1 :i* w br+ ^u u suff]+s & tortures1 or ev5 dea?4 ,= we read3 8,let e s\l be subject unto ! high] p[]s4 ,= !re is no p[] b ( ,god3 ! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god4 ,:osoev] !re=e resi/e? ! p[]1 resi/e? ! ord9ance ( ,god40#affh ,^! words we h 9 our exposition ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 to ! be/ ( our ability1 expla9$ at l5g?1 & ) v>i\s applications2 b = ! pres5t we h tak5 !m 9 _! m obvi\s & g5]ally receiv$ acceptation1 to meet ! say+ ( ,celsus1 t 8x is n )\t ! p[] ( demons t k+s h be5 rais$ to _! regal dignity40 ,"h mu* might be said on ! con/itution ( k+s & rul]s1 = ! subject is a wide "o1 embrac+ su* rul]s z reign cruelly & tyrannically1 & su* z make ! k+ly (fice ! means ( indulg+ 9 luxury & s9ful pleasures4 ,we %all !re=e1 = ! pres5t1 pass ov] ! full consid]ation ( ?is subject4 ,we w1 h[ev]1 nev] swe> by 8! =tune ( ! k+10 nor by aught else t is consid]$ equival5t to ,god4 ,= if ! ^w 8=tune0 is no?+ b an expression = ! unc]ta9 c\rse ( ev5ts1 z "s say1 al?\gh !y seem n to be agre$1 we d n swe> by t z ,god :i* has no exi/5ce1 z ?\gh x did really exi/ & 0 able to d some?+1 le/ we %\ld b9d ourselves by an oa? to ?+s :i* h no exi/5ce4 ,if1 on ! o!r h& 7z is ?\ght by o!rs1 :o say t to swe> by ! =tune ( ! k+ ( ! ,romans is to swe> by 8 demon71 :at is call$ ! =tune ( ! k+ is 9 ! p[] ( demons1 !n 9 t case we mu/ die soon] ?an swe> by a wick$ & trea*]\s demon1 t (ttimes s9s along ) ! man ( :om x ga9s possession1 & s9s ev5 m ?an he4 ,footnote #affh3 ,rom4 xiii4 #a1 #b4 ,*apt] ,,lxvi4 ,!n ,celsus1 foll[+ ! example ( ^? :o are "u ! influ5ce ( demons--at "o "t recov]+1 at ano!r relaps+1 z ?\gh he 7 aga9 becom+ s5sible--says3 8,if1 h[ev]1 any wor%ipp] ( ,god %\ld be ord]$ to d any?+ impi\s1 or to say any?+ base1 su* a comm& %\ld 9 no wise be reg>d$2 b we mu/ enc\nt] all k9ds ( torm5t1 or submit to any k9d ( dea?1 r ?an say or ev5 ?9k any?+ unwor?y ( ,god40 ,aga91 h[ev]1 f ignorance ( our pr9ciples1 & 9 entire confusion ( ?\ght1 he says3 8,b if any "o comm&s y to celebrate ! sun1 or to s+ a joyful triumphal song 9 praise ( ,m9]va1 y w by celebrat+ _! praises seem to r5d] ! high] praise to ,god2 = piety1 9 ext5d+ to all ?+s1 becomes m p]fect40 ,to ?is our answ] is1 t we d n wait = any comm& to celebrate ! praises ( ! sun2 = we h be5 taught to speak well n only ( ^? creatures t are ob$i5t to ! w ( ,god1 b ev5 ( our enemies4 ,we !re=e praise ! sun z ! glori\s workman%ip ( ,god1 :i* obeys ,8 laws & he>k5s to ! call1 8,praise ! ,"l1 sun & moon10#affi & ) all y\r p[]s %[ =? ! praises ( ! ,fa!r & ,creator ( all4 ,m9]va1 h[ev]1 :om ,celsus classes ) ! sun1 is ! subject ( v>i\s ,grecian my?s1 :e!r ^! conta9 any hidd5 mean+ or n4 ,!y say t ,m9]va sprang fully arm$ f ! bra9 ( ,jupit]2 t :5 %e 0 pursu$ by ,vulcan1 %e fl$ f him to pres]ve h] hon\r2 & t f ! se$ :i* fell to ! gr\nd 9 ! heat ( ,vulcan's passion1 !re grew a *ild :om ,m9]va br\ght up & call$ ,eri*?onius1 8,t ow$ 8 nurture to ! blue-ey$ maid1 ,b f ! teem+ furr[ took 8 bir?1 ,! mighty (fspr+ ( ! foodful e>?40#afgj ,x is !re=e evid5t1 t if we admit ,m9]va ! daught] ( ,jupit]1 we mu/ also admit _m fables & fictions :i* c be all[$ by no "o :o disc>ds fables & seeks aft] tru?4 ,footnote #affi3 ,ps4 cxlviii4 #c4 ,footnote #afgj3 ,hom]'s ,iliad1 ii4 #edg1 #edh4 ,*apt] ,,lxvii4 ,& to reg>d ^! my?s 9 a figurative s5se1 & consid] ,m9]va z repres5t+ prud5ce1 let any "o %[ :at 7 ! actual facts ( h] hi/ory1 ^u :i* ?is allegory is bas$4 ,=1 suppos+ hon\r 0 giv5 to ,m9]va z hav+ be5 a woman ( anci5t times1 by ^? :o in/itut$ my/]ies & c]emonies = _! foll[]s1 & :o wi%$ h] "n to be celebrat$ z t ( a goddess1 mu* m are we =bidd5 to pay div9e hon\rs to ,m9]va1 if we are n p]mitt$ to wor%ip s glori\s an object z ! sun1 al?\gh we may celebrate its glory4 ,celsus1 inde$1 says t 8we seem to d ! great] hon\r to ! great ,god :5 we s+ hymns 9 hon\r ( ! sun & ,m9]va20 b we "k x to be ! opposite ( t4 ,= we s+ hymns to ! ,mo/ ,high alone1 & ,8 ,only-begott51 :o is ! ,^w & ,god2 & we praise ,god & ,8 ,only-begott51 z d also ! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 & all ! ho/ ( heav54 ,= ^! all =m a div9e *orus1 & unite ) ! j among m5 9 celebrat+ ! praises ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god & ,8 ,only-begott54 ,we h already said t we mu/ n swe> by a human k+1 or by :at is call$ 8! =tune ( ! k+40 ,x is !re=e unnecess>y = u aga9 to refute ^! /atem5ts3 8,if y are comm&$ to swe> by a human k+1 !re is no?+ wrong 9 t4 ,= to him has be5 giv5 :atev] !re is ^u e>?2 & :atev] y receive 9 ?is life1 y receive f him40 ,we d5y1 h[ev]1 t all ?+s :i* are on ! e>? h be5 giv5 to ! k+1 or t :atev] we receive 9 ?is life we receive f him4 ,= :atev] we receive rightly & hon\rably we receive f ,god1 & by ,8 provid5ce1 z ripe fruits1 & 8corn :i* /r5g!ne? man's he>t1 & ! pleasant v9e1 & w9e :i* rejoice? ! he>t ( man40#afga ,& moreov]1 ! fruit ( ! olive-tree1 to make 8 face to %9e1 we h f ! provid5ce ( ,god4 ,footnote #afga3 ,ps4 civ4 #ae4 ,*apt] ,,lxviii4 ,celsus goes on to say3 8,we mu/ n disobey ! anci5t writ]1 :o said long ago1 #8,let "o be k+1 :om ! son ( crafty ,saturn appo9t$2'0#afgb & adds3 8,if y set aside ?is maxim1 y w des]v$ly suff] = x at ! h&s ( ! k+4 ,= if all 7 to d ! same z y1 !re w\ld be no?+ to prev5t 8 be+ left 9 utt] solitude & des]tion1 & ! affairs ( ! e>? w\ld fall into ! h&s ( ! wilde/ & mo/ lawless b>b>ians2 & !n !re w\ld no long] rema9 among m5 any ( ! glory ( y\r religion or ( ! true wisdom40 ,if1 !n1 8!re %all be "o "l1 "o k+10 he mu/ be1 n ! man 8:om ! son ( crafty ,saturn appo9t$10 b ! man to :om ,he gave ! p[]1 :o 8remove? k+s & sette? up k+s10#afgc & :o 8raise? up ! useful man 9 "t ( ne$ ^u e>?40#afgd ,= k+s are n appo9t$ by t son ( ,saturn1 :o1 accord+ to ,grecian fable1 hurl$ 8 fa!r f 8 ?rone1 & s5t him d[n to ,t>t>us 7:atev] int]pretation may be giv5 to ?is allegory71 b by ,god1 :o gov]ns all ?+s1 & :o wisely arranges :atev] belongs to ! appo9tm5t ( k+s4 ,we !re=e d set aside ! maxim conta9$ 9 ! l9e1 8,:om ! son ( crafty ,saturn appo9t$20 = we "k t no god or fa!r ( a god ev] devises any?+ crook$ or crafty4 ,b we are f> f sett+ aside ! notion ( a provid5ce1 & ( ?+s happ5+ directly or indirectly ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( provid5ce4 ,& ! k+ w n 8inflict des]v$ puni%m5t0 ^u u1 if we say t n ! son ( crafty ,saturn gave him 8 k+dom1 b ,he :o 8remove? & sette? up k+s40 ,& w\ld t all 7 to foll[ my example 9 reject+ ! maxim ( ,hom]1 ma9ta9+ ! div9e orig9 ( ! k+dom1 & obs]v+ ! precept to hon\r ! k+6 ,9 ^! circum/ances ! k+ w n 8be left 9 utt] solitude & des]tion10 nei!r w 8! affairs ( ! _w fall into ! h&s ( ! mo/ impi\s & wild b>b>ians40 ,= if1 9 ! words ( ,celsus1 8!y d z ,i d10 !n x is evid5t t ev5 ! b>b>ians1 :5 !y yield ob$i5ce to ! ^w ( ,god1 w become mo/ ob$i5t to ! law1 & mo/ humane2 & e =m ( wor%ip w be de/roy$ except ! religion ( ,*ri/1 :i* w alone prevail4 ,& inde$ x w "o day triumph1 z its pr9ciples take possession ( ! m9ds ( m5 m & m e day4 ,footnote #afgb3 ,hom]'s ,iliad1 ii4 #bje4 ,footnote #afgc3 ,dan4 ii4 #ba4 ,footnote #afgd3 ,ecclus4 x4 #d4 ,*apt] ,,lxix4 ,celsus1 !n1 z if n obs]v+ t he 0 say+ any?+ inconsi/5t ) ! words he _h j us$1 8if all 7 to d ! same z y10 adds3 8,y surely d n say t if ! ,romans 71 9 compliance ) y\r wi%1 to neglect _! cu/om>y duties to gods & m51 & 7 to wor%ip ! ,mo/ ,high1 or :atev] y please to call him1 t he w come d[n & fight = !m1 s t !y %all ne$ no o!r help ?an 84 ,= ?is same ,god1 z y\rselves say1 promis$ ( old ?is & mu* m to ^? :o s]v$ him1 & see 9 :at way he has help$ !m & y6 ,!y1 9 place ( be+ ma/]s ( ! :ole _w1 are left ) n s mu* z a pat* ( gr\nd or a home2 & z = y1 if any ( y transgresses ev5 9 secret1 he is s\ght out & puni%$ ) dea?40 ,z ! "q />t$ is1 8,:at w\ld happ5 if ! ,romans 7 p]suad$ to adopt ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ians1 to despise ! duties paid to ! recognis$ gods & to m51 & to wor%ip ! ,mo/ ,high80 ?is is my answ] to ! "q4 ,we say t 8if two0 ( u 8%all agree on e>? z t\*+ any?+ t !y %all ask1 x %all be done = !m ( ! ,fa!r0 ( ! j1 8:i* is 9 heav520#afge = ,god rejoices 9 ! agreem5t ( rational be+s1 & turns away f discord4 ,& :at are we to expect1 if n only a v few agree1 z at pres5t1 b ! :ole ( ! empire ( ,rome8 ,= !y w pray to ! ,^w1 :o ( old said to ! ,hebrews1 :5 !y 7 pursu$ by ! ,egyptians1 8,! ,"l %all fight = y1 & ye %all hold y\r peace20#afgf & if !y all unite 9 pray] ) "o accord1 !y w be able to put to flight f> m enemies ?an ^? :o 7 discomfit$ by ! pray] ( ,moses :5 he cri$ to ! ,"l1 & ( ^? :o pray$ ) him4 ,n[1 if :at ,god promis$ to ^? :o keep ,8 law has n come to pass1 ! reason ( its non-fulfilm5t is n to be ascrib$ to ! unfai?fulness ( ,god4 ,b ,he _h made ! fulfilm5t ( ,8 promises to dep5d on c]ta9 conditions1--namely1 t !y %\ld obs]ve & live accord+ to ,8 law2 & if ! ,jews h n a plot ( gr\nd nor a habitation left to !m1 al?\gh !y _h receiv$ ^! conditional promises1 ! entire blame is to be laid ^u _! crimes1 & especially ^u _! guilt 9 ! treatm5t ( ,jesus4 ,footnote #afge3 ,matt4 xviii4 #ai4 ,footnote #afgf3 ,ex4 xiv4 #ad4 ,*apt] ,,lxx4 ,b if all ! ,romans1 accord+ to ! supposition ( ,celsus1 embrace ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 !y w1 :5 !y pray1 ov]come _! enemies2 or r1 !y w n w> at all1 be+ gu>d$ by t div9e p[] :i* promis$ to save five entire cities = ! sake ( fifty j p]sons4 ,= m5 ( ,god are assur$ly ! salt ( ! e>?3 !y pres]ve ! ord] ( ! _w2 & society is held toge!r z long z ! salt is uncorrupt$3 = 8if ! salt h lo/ its sav\r1 x is nei!r fit = ! l& nor = ! dunghill2 b x %all be ca/ out1 & trodd5 "u foot ( m54 ,he t ha? e>s1 let him he>0#afgg ! mean+ ( ^! words4 ,:5 ,god gives to ! tempt] p]mission to p]secute u1 !n we suff] p]secution2 & :5 ,god wi%es u to be free f suff]+1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( a _w t hates u1 we enjoy a wond]ful peace1 tru/+ 9 ! protection ( ,him :o said1 8,be ( good *e]1 ,i h ov]come ! _w40#afgh ,& truly ,he has ov]come ! _w4 ,:]e=e ! _w prevails only s long z x is ! pleasure ( ,him :o receiv$ f ! ,fa!r p[] to ov]come ! _w2 & f ,8 victory we take c\rage4 ,%\ld ,he ev5 wi% u aga9 to cont5d & /ruggle = our religion1 let ! enemy come aga9/ u1 & we w say to !m1 8,i c d all ?+s1 ?r\gh ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l1 :i* /r5g!ne? me40#afgi ,= ( 8two sp>r[s :i* are sold = a f>?+10 z ! ,scripture says1 8n "o ( !m falls on ! gr\nd )\t our ,fa!r 9 heav540#afhj ,& s completely does ! div9e provid5ce embrace all ?+s1 t n ev5 ! hairs ( our head fail to be numb]$ by ,him4 ,footnote #afgg3 ,luke xiv4 #cd1 #ce2 ,matt4 v4 #ac4 ,footnote #afgh3 ,john xvi4 #cc4 ,footnote #afgi3 ,phil4 iv4 #ac4 ,footnote #afhj3 ,matt4 x4 #bi1 #cj4 ,*apt] ,,lxxi4 ,celsus aga91 z is usual ) him1 gets confus$1 & attributes to u ?+s :i* none ( u h ev] writt54 ,8 words are3 8,surely x is intol]able = y to say1 t if our pres5t rul]s1 on embrac+ y\r op9ions1 are tak5 by ! enemy1 y w /ill be able to p]suade ^? :o rule aft] !m2 & aft] ^! h be5 tak5 y w p]suade _! successors1 & s on1 until at l5g?1 :5 all :o h yield$ to y\r p]suasion h be5 tak51 "s prud5t rul] %all arise1 ) a =esight ( :at is imp5d+1 & he w de/roy y all utt]ly be=e he himself p]i%es40 ,!re is no ne$ ( any answ] to ^! allegations3 = none ( u says ( our pres5t rul]s1 t if !y embrace our op9ions1 & are tak5 by ! enemy1 we %all be able to p]suade _! successors2 & :5 ^! are tak51 ^? :o come aft] !m1 & s on 9 succession4 ,b on :at does he gr\nd ! ass]tion1 t :5 a succession ( ^? :o h yield$ to our p]suasion h be5 tak5 because !y did n drive back ! enemy1 "s prud5t rul] %all arise1 ) a =esight ( :at is imp5d+1 :o %all utt]ly de/roy u8 ,b "h he seems to me to delight 9 inv5t+ & utt]+ ! wilde/ nons5se4 ,*apt] ,,lxxii4 ,aft]w>ds he says3 8,if x 7 possible10 imply+ at ! same "t t he ?\ght x mo/ desirable1 8t all ! inhabitants ( ,asia1 ,europe1 & ,libya1 ,greeks & b>b>ians1 all to ! utt]mo/ ends ( ! e>?1 7 to come "u "o law20 b judg+ ?is q impossible1 he adds1 8,any "o :o ?9ks ?is possible1 kn[s no?+40 ,x w\ld require c>eful consid]ation & l5g!n$ argum5t to prove t x is n only possible1 b t x w surely come to pass1 t all :o are end[$ ) reason %all come "u "o law4 ,h[ev]1 if we mu/ ref] to ?is subject1 x w be ) great brevity4 ,! ,/oics1 inde$1 hold t1 :5 ! /ronge/ ( ! elem5ts prevails1 all ?+s %all be turn$ into fire4 ,b our belief is1 t ! ,^w %all prevail ov] ! entire rational creation1 & *ange e s\l into ,8 own p]fection2 9 :i* /ate e "o1 by ! m]e ex]cise ( 8 p[]1 w *oose :at he desires1 & obta9 :at he *ooses4 ,= al?\gh1 9 ! diseases & w\nds ( ! body1 !re are "s :i* no m$ical skill c cure1 yet we hold t 9 ! m9d !re is no evil s /rong t x may n be ov]come by ! ,supreme ,^w & ,god4 ,= /rong] ?an all ! evils 9 ! s\l is ! ,^w1 & ! heal+ p[] t dwells 9 ,him2 & ?is heal+ ,he applies1 accord+ to ! w ( ,god1 to e man4 ,! consummation ( all ?+s is ! de/ruction ( evil1 al?\gh z to ! "q :e!r x %all be s de/roy$ t x c nev] any:]e arise aga91 x is beyond our pres5t purpose to say4 ,_m ?+s are said obscurely 9 ! prophecies on ! total de/ruction ( evil1 & ! re/oration to righte\sness ( e s\l2 b x w be en\gh = our pres5t purpose to quote ! foll[+ passage f ,zephaniah3 8,prep>e & rise e>ly2 all ! glean+s ( _! v9ey>ds are de/roy$4 ,!re=e wait ye ^u me1 sai? ! ,"l1 on ! day t ,i rise up = a te/imony2 = my det]m9ation is to ga!r ! nations1 t ,i may assemble ! k+s1 to p\r ^u !m m9e indignation1 ev5 all my fi]ce ang]3 = all ! e>? %all be dev\r$ ) ! fire ( my jeal\sy4 ,= !n w ,i turn to ! p a pure language1 t !y may all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l1 to s]ve ,him ) "o cons5t4 ,f beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia my suppliants1 ev5 ! daught] ( my disp]s$1 %all br+ my (f]+4 ,9 t day %alt ?\ n be a%am$ = all ?y do+s1 :]e9 ?\ ha/ transgress$ aga9/ me3 = !n ,i w take away out ( ! mid/ ( !e !m t rejoice 9 ?y pride2 & ?\ %alt no m be haughty because ( my holy m\nta94 ,i w also leave 9 ! mid/ ( !e an afflict$ & poor p1 & !y %all tru/ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,! remnant ( ,israel %all n d iniquity1 nor speak lies2 nei!r %all a deceitful tongue be f\nd 9 _! m\?3 = !y %all fe$ & lie d[n1 & none %all make !m afraid40#afha ,i leave x to ^? :o are able1 aft] a c>eful /udy ( ! :ole subject1 to unfold ! mean+ ( ?is prophecy1 & especially to inquire into ! signification ( ! words1 8,:5 ! :ole e>? is de/roy$1 !re w be turn$ ^u ! peoples a language accord+ to _! race10#afhb z ?+s 7 be=e ! confusion ( tongues4 ,let !m also c>efully consid] ! promise1 t all %all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l1 & s]ve ,him ) "o cons5t2 also t all contemptu\s reproa* %all be tak5 away1 & !re %all be no long] any inju/ice1 or va9 spee*1 or a deceitful tongue4 ,& ?us mu* x seem$ ne$ful = me to say briefly1 & )\t ent]+ into elaborate details1 9 answ] to ! rem>k ( ,celsus1 t he consid]$ any agreem5t betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ,asia1 ,europe1 & ,libya1 z well ,greeks z b>b>ians1 0 impossible4 ,& p]haps su* a result w\ld inde$ be impossible to ^? :o are /ill 9 ! body1 b n to ^? :o are releas$ f x4 ,footnote #afha3 ,zeph4 iii4 #g-ac4 ,footnote #afhb3 8,a language to la/ z long z ! _w40--,,b\h]eau4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiii4 ,9 ! next place1 ,celsus urges u 8to help ! k+ ) all our might1 & to lab\r ) him 9 ! ma9t5ance ( ju/ice1 to fight = him2 & if he requires x1 to fight "u him1 or lead an army along ) him40 ,to ?is our answ] is1 t we d1 :5 occasion requires1 give help to k+s1 & t1 s to say1 a div9e help1 8putt+ on ! :ole arm\r ( ,god40#afhc ,& ?is we d 9 ob$i5ce to ! injunction ( ! apo/le1 8,i exhort1 !re=e1 t fir/ ( all1 supplications1 pray]s1 int]cessions1 & giv+ ( ?anks1 be made = all m51 = k+s1 & = all t are 9 au?ority20#afhd & ! m any "o excels 9 piety1 ! m effective help does he r5d] to k+s1 ev5 m ?an is giv5 by soldi]s1 :o g =? to fight & slay z _m ( ! enemy z !y c4 ,& to ^? enemies ( our fai? :o require u to be> arms = ! commonweal?1 & to slay m51 we c reply3 8,d n ^? :o are prie/s at c]ta9 %r9es1 & ^? :o att5d on c]ta9 gods1 z y acc\nt !m1 keep _! h&s free f blood1 t !y may ) h&s un/a9$ & free f human blood (f] ! appo9t$ sacrifices to y\r gods2 & ev5 :5 w> is ^u y1 y nev] enli/ ! prie/s 9 ! army4 ,if t1 !n1 is a laudable cu/om1 h[ mu* m s1 t :ile o!rs are engag$ 9 battle1 ^! too %\ld engage z ! prie/s & m9i/]s ( ,god1 keep+ _! h&s pure1 & wre/l+ 9 pray]s to ,god on behalf ( ^? :o are fight+ 9 a righte\s cause1 & = ! k+ :o reigns righte\sly1 t :atev] is oppos$ to ^? :o act righte\sly may be de/roy$60 ,& z we by our pray]s vanqui% all demons :o /ir up w>1 & lead to ! violation ( oa?s1 & di/urb ! peace1 we 9 ?is way are mu* m helpful to ! k+s ?an ^? :o g into ! field to fight = !m4 ,& we d take our "p 9 public affairs1 :5 along ) righte\s pray]s we jo9 self-d5y+ ex]cises & m$itations1 :i* tea* u to despise pleasures1 & n to be l$ away by !m4 ,& none fight bett] = ! k+ ?an we d4 ,we d n inde$ fight "u him1 al?\gh he require x2 b we fight on 8 behalf1 =m+ a special army--an army ( piety--by (f]+ our pray]s to ,god4 ,footnote #afhc3 ,eph4 vi4 #aa4 ,footnote #afhd3 #a ,tim4 ii4 #a1 #b4 ,*apt] ,,lxxiv4 ,& if ,celsus w\ld h u to lead armies 9 def5ce ( our c\ntry1 let him "k t we d ?is too1 & t n = ! purpose ( be+ se5 by m51 or ( va+lory4 ,= 89 secret10 & 9 our own he>ts1 !re are pray]s :i* asc5d z f prie/s 9 behalf ( our fell[-citiz5s4 ,& ,*ri/ians are b5efactors ( _! c\ntry m ?an o!rs4 ,= !y tra9 up citiz5s1 & inculcate piety to ! ,supreme ,be+2 & !y promote ^? ^: lives 9 ! smalle/ cities h be5 good & wor?y1 to a div9e & heav5ly city1 to :om x may be said1 8,?\ ha/ be5 fai?ful 9 ! smalle/ city1 come into a great "o10#afhe :]e 8,god /&e? 9 ! assembly ( ! gods1 & judge? ! gods 9 ! mid/20 & ,he reckons !e among !m1 if ?\ no m 8die z a man1 or fall z "o ( ! pr9ces40#afhf ,footnote #afhe3 ,luke xix4 #ag4 ,footnote #afhf3 ,ps4 lxxxii4 #a1 #g4 ,*apt] ,,lxxv4 ,celsus also urges u to 8take (fice 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry1 if t is requir$ = ! ma9t5ance ( ! laws & ! support ( religion40 ,b we recognise 9 ea* /ate ! exi/5ce ( ano!r national organization1#afhg f\nd$ by ! ,^w ( ,god1 & we exhort ^? :o are mighty 9 ^w & ( blameless life to rule ov] *ur*es4 ,^? :o are ambiti\s ( rul+ we reject2 b we con/ra9 ^? :o1 ?r\gh excess ( mode/y1 are n easily induc$ to take a public *>ge 9 ! *ur* ( ,god4 ,& ^? :o rule ov] u well are "u ! con/ra9+ influ5ce ( ! great ,k+1 :om we believe to be ! ,son ( ,god1 ,god ! ,^w4 ,& if ^? :o gov]n 9 ! *ur*1 & are call$ rul]s ( ! div9e nation--t is1 ! *ur*--rule well1 !y rule 9 accordance ) ! div9e comm&s1 & nev] suff] !mselves to be l$ a/ray by worldly policy4 ,& x is n = ! purpose ( escap+ public duties t ,*ri/ians decl9e public (fices1 b t !y may res]ve !mselves = a div9] & m necess>y s]vice 9 ! *ur* ( ,god--= ! salvation ( m54 ,& ?is s]vice is at once necess>y & "r4 ,!y take *>ge ( all--( ^? t are )91 t !y may day by day lead bett] lives1 & ( ^? t are )\t1 t !y may come to ab\nd 9 holy words & 9 de$s ( piety2 & t1 :ile ?us wor%ipp+ ,god truly1 & tra9+ up z _m z !y c 9 ! same way1 !y may be fill$ ) ! ^w ( ,god & ! law ( ,god1 & ?us be unit$ ) ! supreme ,god ?r\gh ,8 ,son ! ,^w1 wisdom1 tru?1 & righte\sness1 :o unites to ,god all :o are resolv$ to con=m _! lives 9 all ?+s to ! law ( ,god4 ,footnote #afhg3 4 ,*apt] ,,lxxvi4 ,y h "h1 rev]5d ,ambrosius1 ! conclusion ( :at we h be5 enabl$ to accompli% by ! p[] giv5 to u 9 ob$i5ce to y\r comm&4 ,9 eight books we h embrac$ all t we consid]$ x prop] to say 9 reply to t book ( ,celsus :i* he entitles ,a ,true ,disc\rse4 ,& n[ x rema9s = ! read]s ( 8 disc\rse & ( my reply to judge :i* ( ! two brea!s mo/ ( ! ,_s ( ! true ,god1 ( piety t[>ds ,him1 & ( t tru? :i* leads m5 by s\nd doctr9es to ! noble/ life4 ,y mu/ "k1 h[ev]1 t ,celsus _h promis$ ano!r treatise z a sequel to ?is "o1 9 :i* he engag$ to supply practical rules ( liv+ to ^? :o felt dispos$ to embrace 8 op9ions4 ,if1 !n1 he has n fulfill$ 8 promise ( writ+ a second book1 we may well be cont5t$ ) ^! eight books :i* we h writt5 9 answ] to 8 disc\rse4 ,b if he has begun & f9i%$ t second book1 pray obta9 x & s5d x to u1 t we may answ] x z ! ,fa!r ( tru? may give u ability1 & ei!r ov]?r[ ! false tea*+ t may be 9 x1 or lay+ aside all jeal\sy1 we may te/ify our approval ( :atev] tru? x may conta94 ,,glory ,,be ,,to ,,!e1 ,,our ,,god2 ,,glory ,,be ,,to ,,!e4 ,,indexes4 ,i4--,,index ,,( ,,passages ,,( ,,scripture4 ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,g5esis4 i4 #a1 i4 #abg1 #bga i4 #b1 i4 #cdi i4 #aa1 ii4 #eai i4 #bd1 i4 #aaj i4 #bf1 i4 #bfb1 ii4 #aij1 #cia i4 #bg1 ii4 #aij i4 #bg1 #bh1 i4 #bfc ii4 #b1 #c1 ii4 #djc ii4 #d1 ii4 #djc ii4 #g1 i4 #ci1 ii4 #bjj ii4 #ba1 #bb1 ii4 #bja ii4 #bd1 i4 #aji1 ii4 #baf1 #chi iii4 i4 #bbb1 ii4 #chc iii4 #e1 ii4 #dfa iii4 #f1 ii4 #dfa iii4 #g1 ii4 #dfa iii4 #h1 ii4 #djf iii4 #ag1 ii4 #dea iii4 #ai1 i4 #bfi iii4 #bd1 ii4 #cia iv4 #h1 ii4 #bjh iv4 #aj1 i4 #bea v4 #a1 ii4 #cij v4 #c1 i4 #bc1 #aai vi4 #c1 i4 #ci1 ii4 #dfj vi4 #e1 #f1 ii4 #djj ix4 #aj1 #aa1 ii4 #gj xi4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #big xi4 #d1 ii4 #afa xi4 #e-g1 ii4 #bih xv4 #e1 ii4 #bgg xvii4 #ad1 i4 #cah xix4 #ag1 ii4 #baa xxi4 #b1 ii4 #bjh xxvi4 #ae1 ii4 #baj xxvii4 #ab1 #ac1 ii4 #cei xxvii4 #bg1 i4 #ddi xxx4 #db1 ii4 #bji xxx4 #dc1 ii4 #bji xlviii4 #bb1 i4 #cbc xlix4 #a1 i4 #bec xlix41 i4 #def ,exodus4 iii4 #b1 i4 #abb iii4 #f1 i4 #ib iii4 #h1 ii4 #dea iii4 #ad1 i4 #ch iv4 #ba1 i4 #afi iv4 #bc1 i4 #age iv4 #bd1 #be1 ii4 #cah iv4 #bd-bf1 i4 #bbb iv4 #be1 #bf1 ii4 #cai vii4 #c1 i4 #afi viii4 #bh1 #bi1 i4 #agi ix4 #ab1 i4 #age ix4 #ag1 i4 #age xii4 #h1 ii4 #eaj xii4 #bc1 i4 #bbc1 ii4 #chc xvi4 #bi1 i4 #cai xviii4 #d1 ii4 #cah xix4 #ai1 i4 #baf xx4 #c1 #d1 ii4 #dhe xx4 #ab1 i4 #id1 #cbd bis xx4 #ac1 i4 #cbd xx4 #ah1 ii4 #djd xx4 #ba1 ii4 #cee xxi4 #b1 ii4 #cah xxi4 #bd1 ii4 #ddh xxii4 #bh1 ii4 #ebc xxiii4 #bj1 i4 #if xxiv4 #b1 ii4 #bfc1 #cef xxv4 #e1 i4 #bic xxv4 #dj1 i4 #bgb xxx4 #cd1 #ce1 ii4 #bgc xxxii41 i4 #bha xxxii4 #d1 ii4 #gg xxxii4 #ba1 i4 #bha xxxiv4 #b1 ii4 #ei xxxv4 #b1 i4 #chg xxxv4 #dj1 i4 #cjf ,leviticus4 xi4 #dd1 ii4 #djf xvi4 #h1 ii4 #chc xvi4 #ah1 i4 #bbc xvi4 #bi1 ii4 #eaj xvii4 #aj1 i4 #aai xvii4 #ad1 i4 #aah1 #bdf xix4 #bf1 ii4 #bfb xix4 #ca1 i4 #dbd1 ii4 #bgf xxvi4 #e1 ii4 #ddg ,numb]s4 xv4 #cb1 i4 #chg xxiii4 #bc1 ii4 #bfb xxiv4 #ag1 i4 #dfc1 #dfd ,deut]onomy4 i4 #aj1 ii4 #bgg ii4 #cd1 ii4 #ddc iii4 #a-c1 ii4 #ef iii4 #h1 ii4 #djf iv4 #af-ah1 ii4 #aic iv4 #ai1 ii4 #aic1 #bgd iv4 #ai1 #bj1 ii4 #bgg iv4 #bd1 i4 #h1 #abb1 ii4 #agc vi4 #ac1 ii4 #bgi1 #dhe viii4 #c1 i4 #adh ix4 #c1 ii4 #agc x4 #ab1 #ac1 ii4 #dj xiii4 #d1 ii4 #def xvi4 #c1 ii4 #eaj xviii4 #ad1 i4 #dcf bis1 ii4 #bfb xviii4 #ae1 i4 #dcf1 ii4 #bfb xxiv4 #af1 ii4 #ebd xxv4 #d1 i4 #id1 #cjd1 ii4 #baf xxviii41 i4 #adb1 #cjd xxviii4 #ab1 ii4 #ddd xxviii4 #ff1 ii4 #gi xxxii4 #h1 i4 #df xxxii4 #h1 #i1 ii4 #afi1 #big xxxii4 #i1 i4 #df xxxii4 #ba1 ii4 #hc1 #aea xxxii4 #bc1 #bd1 i4 #dcd xxxii4 #cj1 ii4 #ddd xxxii4 #ci1 ii4 #ca xxxiv4 #e1 #f1 ii4 #eg ,jo%ua4 xxiv4 #cb1 i4 #cbc #a ,samuel4 ix4 #aj1 i4 #dcf xv4 #aa1 i4 #bic xvi4 #ae1 i4 #bic xviii4 #aj1 i4 #bic #b ,samuel4 xxii4 #dd1 #de1 ii4 #hc #a ,k+s4 iii4 #af1 i4 #chb1 #chc iv4 #bi-cd1 ii4 #abg x4 #a-i1 ii4 #abf xii4 #ad1 i4 #chi xiv4 #ab1 i4 #dcf xvii4 #ba1 #bb1 ii4 #fa xix4 #ah1 i4 #cjh xxii4 #ai-bc1 i4 #bbc #b ,k+s4 i4 #c1 i4 #dcf iv4 #cd1 #ce1 ii4 #fa ix4 #aa1 ii4 #dcd #a ,*ronicles4 xvi4 #h1 i4 #chg xvi4 #bb1 ii4 #dbb ,job4 i4 & ii41 ii4 #bhc i4 #aj1 #aa1 i4 #bce ii4 #aj1 ii4 #cif vii4 #a1 i4 #bcf viii4 #ab1 i4 #aac x4 #h1 ii4 #bjj xv4 #ad1 i4 #cdg1 ii4 #adc xxv4 #e1 i4 #fa xl41 i4 #bhd xl4 #bj1 i4 #ec1 ii4 #chd xli41 i4 #bhd xli4 #cd1 i4 #abc ,psalms4 i4 #a1 i4 #chc ii4 #b1 i4 #bci ii4 #c1 ii4 #ech ii4 #e1 i4 #ig ii4 #h1 ii4 #afi iv4 #f1 ii4 #cda vi4 #a1 ii4 #bcg vii4 #c-e1 ii4 #ddg vii4 #c-f1 ii4 #eba viii4 #c1 i4 #hi ix4 #ac1 #ad1 ii4 #cge xiii4 #c1 ii4 #def xiv4 #c1 #d1 ii4 #dah xvi4 #i1 #aj1 ii4 #fe1 #aac xviii4 #aa1 ii4 #cee xix4 #a1 ii4 #djd xix4 #d1 i4 #dfg xix4 #h1 ii4 #def xxii4 #ae1 ii4 #dgc xxii4 #bj1 #ba1 i4 #abj xxiv4 #h1 ii4 #dib xxvi4 #b1 ii4 #eda xxvii4 #a1 ii4 #cda xxvii4 #a-c1 i4 #bcd xxvii4 #a1 #c1 ii4 #eac xxxiii41 ii4 #djb xxxiii4 #e1 ii4 #ahh xxxiii4 #f1 i4 #dj1 #cde xxxiv4 #g1 i4 #ff1 ii4 #chj1 #ebj1 #ebb xxxiv4 #aj-ad1 ii4 #cif xxxiv4 #ai1 ii4 #dda xxxvi4 #i1 i4 #h1 ii4 #cda xxxvii4 #h1 ii4 #bch xxxvii4 #i1 #aa1 #bb1 #bi1 #cd1 ii4 #deb xxxvii4 #cj1 #ca1 ii4 #dgb xxxvii4 #cd1 i4 #ij xxxix4 #e1 ii4 #dgc xliii4 #ai1 ii4 #dgc xliv4 #ai1 i4 #abf xliv4 #bc1 ii4 #bch xlv4 #a1 #b1 i4 #bhb xlv4 #b-e1 i4 #dei xlv4 #f1 #g1 i4 #dei xlv4 #g1 i4 #aji1 #aaa1 #cdg xlv4 #h1 i4 #aaa xlv4 #be1 ii4 #dgc xlviii4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #deb xlix4 #i1 #aj1 ii4 #cea l4 #a1 ii4 #dic li4 #e1 ii4 #dgb li4 #aj1 i4 #cd li4 #aa1 ii4 #dfh li4 #ab1 ii4 #dee liv4 #e1 i4 #dgh1 ii4 #dbe liv4 #f1 ii4 #dbe lviii4 #c1 ii4 #dgb lxii4 #a1 i4 #bhc lxiii4 #h1 ii4 #def lxviii4 #aa1 i4 #dfg lxix4 #ba1 ii4 #da1 #dcf lxxii4 #g1 i4 #bhc lxxii4 #h1 i4 #bhc lxxii4 #aa1 i4 #aae lxxiii4 #a1 i4 #ajd lxxvi4 #b1 ii4 #deb lxxvi4 #aj1 i4 #bcj lxxvii4 #b1 ii4 #h1 #def lxxviii4 #cd1 i4 #ajb lxxviii4 #di1 ii4 #eag lxxviii4 #fe1 ii4 #bch lxxx4 #ac1 #ad1 i4 #aff lxxxi4 #e1 ii4 #ia lxxxii4 #a1 ii4 #ahi bis1 #dic lxxxii4 #a1 #g1 ii4 #eeh lxxxiv4 #c1 i4 #bcj lxxxvi4 #h1 ii4 #bga lxxxvii4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #baf lxxxix4 #cb1 ii4 #cih lxxxix4 #ej1 #ea1 ii4 #aab xci4 #ac1 ii4 #dij xcvi4 #d1 ii4 #bga xcvi4 #e1 ii4 #ahi1 #dhi1 #dic xcvii4 #f1 i4 #abd xcvii4 #i1 ii4 #dic ci4 #i1 ii4 #ddb cii4 #be1 ii4 #djd cii4 #bf1 #bg1 i4 #bed1 #bga1 ii4 #bbc cii4 #bg1 i4 #dai1 ii4 #agd1 #dje cii4 #df1 i4 #eh civ4 #d1 i4 #abb civ4 #f1 ii4 #cef civ4 #ad1 #ae1 ii4 #bda civ4 #ae1 ii4 #eea civ4 #bd1 i4 #bi1 #acj civ4 #bd-bf1 ii4 #bfc civ4 #bi1 #cj1 i4 #ci cv4 #ae1 ii4 #dbb cvi4 #bj1 ii4 #cf cvii4 #bj1 i4 #dgj1 ii4 #adc1 #bgi cix41 ii4 #bg cix4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #af cix4 #h1 ii4 #af cx4 #a1 i4 #aed cxv4 #ac1 i4 #chc cxvi41 ii4 #eci cxviii4 #b1 i4 #ajd cxviii4 #ai1 #bj1 ii4 #cge cxix4 #ah1 ii4 #h1 #baf1 #def cxix4 #gc1 ii4 #bjj cxix4 #aje1 ii4 #cda cxxvi41 i4 #bje cxxxi4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #cec cxxxvi4 #b1 ii4 #bga1 #dic cxxxvii4 #h1 #i1 ii4 #dde cxxxix41 i4 #cea cxli41 ii4 #adj1 #eje cxlvii4 #ae1 i4 #dfg cxlviii4 #c1 ii4 #bha1 #edi cxlviii4 #d1 ii4 #ceh cxlviii4 #d1 #e1 ii4 #cae cxlviii4 #e1 i4 #gg ,prov]bs4 ii4 #e1 i4 #ag1 #cee1 ii4 #ddh1 #deg iv4 #bc1 i4 #bcb v4 #ae-ag1 ii4 #baj viii4 #e1 ii4 #acd viii4 #bb-ae1 i4 #ah ix4 #a-e1 i4 #adg ix4 #d1 ii4 #acd ix4 #e1 #f1 ii4 #acd x4 #ag1 ii4 #cdc x4 #ai1 ii4 #bfh xiii4 #h1 ii4 #add xiii4 #be1 ii4 #ddg xxii4 #bj1 #ba1 i4 #cjj xxii4 #bh1 ii4 #cgd xxiii4 #e1 ii4 #chd xxvii4 #ai1 ii4 #chf xxviii4 #f1 ii4 #ddf xxx4 #bd-bh1 ii4 #bec ,ecclesia/es4 i4 #a-ad1 i4 #fd i4 #b1 ii4 #dgb i4 #f1 ii4 #cgd i4 #i1 i4 #bee1 ii4 #agb x4 #d1 i4 #bbc1 #bcj ,song4 i4 #c1 i4 #aa ,isaiah4 i4 #d1 ii4 #gi i4 #g1 ii4 #hj i4 #aa1 i4 #adj i4 #ac1 #ad1 i4 #aai i4 #ai1 #bj1 i4 #afe1 ii4 #cii i4 #bj1 ii4 #djd ii4 #b1 i4 #chf iii4 #bd1 i4 #hf iv4 #d1 i4 #adc v4 #h1 ii4 #gi v4 #aa1 ii4 #gi v4 #ab1 ii4 #dec v4 #ah1 ii4 #gi v4 #bj1 ii4 #gi1 #daj v4 #bb1 ii4 #gi vi4 #a1 #b1 i4 #ddc vi4 #b1 ii4 #ceg vi4 #c1 i4 #be1 #cdj vi4 #i1 ii4 #aj vii4 #aj-ad1 i4 #dcd vii4 #aa1 i4 #dce vii4 #ad1 i4 #dce vii4 #ae1 i4 #bib vii4 #af1 i4 #aaj viii4 #d1 i4 #aaj viii4 #h1 #i1 i4 #bhc ix4 #b1 ii4 #cda bis1 #dji1 #ech ix4 #f1 ii4 #cbc1 #eac x4 #ag1 i4 #adc1 #cdi xi4 #f1 #g1 i4 #bib xiv4 #d1 ii4 #chd xiv4 #ab-bb1 i4 #eb xxv4 #h1 i4 #hj xxvii4 #a1 i4 #abc1 #bbd xxviii4 #ai1 ii4 #ecj xxxv4 #e1 #f1 ii4 #di xli4 #bb1 #bc1 i4 #cdj xlii4 #d1 i4 #def xlii4 #e1 i4 #ce xliv4 #aa-ad1 ii4 #ejg xlv4 #c1 i4 #cce xlv4 #f1 i4 #ib xlv4 #g1 i4 #bic1 ii4 #cif1 #cih xlv4 #ab1 i4 #fa xlvii4 #ad1 #ae1 i4 #ajb1 #adc1 ii4 #bhc1 #cih xlviii4 #i1 ii4 #bhc xlviii4 #af1 i4 #def xlix4 #h1 #i1 i4 #def xlix4 #i1 i4 #def1 ii4 #ech xlix4 #ab1 ii4 #beg lii4 #c1 #ae1 i4 #deg lii4 #ab1 ii4 #eci liii4 #a-c1 ii4 #dah liii4 #a-h1 i4 #deg liii4 #b1 #c1 ii4 #dci liii4 #g1 ii4 #fb liii4 #i1 i4 #aaj liv4 #ab1 #aa1 ii4 #deb lx4 #a1 ii4 #cda lx4 #ai1 ii4 #cic lxiii4 #ag1 #ah1 i4 #ahb lxiv4 #h1 i4 #bfg lxv4 #a1 ii4 #hc lxvi4 #a1 i4 #gd1 #ib lxvi4 #b1 i4 #hi lxvi4 #af1 i4 #adc lxvi4 #bb1 i4 #bee ,j]emiah4 i4 #e1 #f1 i4 #bdb i4 #i1 i4 #abb i4 #i1 #aj1 ii4 #afa i4 #ad1 i4 #abc vii4 #ag1 #ah1 ii4 #bge vii4 #ah1 i4 #fb x4 #bd1 ii4 #bcg xiii4 #bd1 ii4 #agb xv4 #ad1 i4 #bic xvii4 #ba-bd1 i4 #chg xx4 #g1 i4 #ahb1 #cig xxiii4 #bc1 ii4 #bhj xxiii4 #bd1 i4 #gd1 ii4 #aff1 #bhj xxv4 #ae1 #af1 i4 #adc xxv4 #bh1 #bi1 i4 #adc xxix4 #bb1 i4 #cgf xxxi4 #aj1 ii4 #ebf xxxiv4 #ad1 ii4 #cac ,lam5tations4 iii4 #be1 i4 #ajd iii4 #bg1 #bi1 #cj1 ii4 #ddh iii4 #cd1 ii4 #ech iii4 #ch1 ii4 #bcb iv4 #bj1 i4 #aab1 #cci ,ezekiel4 i41 i4 #ceg i4 #a1 i4 #ddc i4 #ai1 #bj1 i4 #afi i4 #bh1 i4 #ddc ii4 #a1 i4 #ddc ii4 #f1 ii4 #hj ii4 #i1 #aj1 ii4 #cdb iii4 #b1 #c1 i4 #ddi x41 ii4 #ceg xi4 #ai1 #bj1 i4 #aia xvi4 #ee1 i4 #ajb xviii4 #b-d1 ii4 #ebe xviii4 #c1 ii4 #ii xviii4 #d1 i4 #abc xviii4 #d1 #ai1 i4 #abc xviii4 #bj1 ii4 #ebd xx4 #c1 ii4 #abg xx4 #e1 ii4 #ebe xx4 #be1 ii4 #ddc xxii4 #ah1 #bj1 ii4 #bhc xxvi41 i4 #bci xxviii4 #aa-ai1 i4 #ej xxviii4 #ab1 i4 #bbd xxviii4 #ae1 ii4 #che xxviii4 #ai1 ii4 #che xxix4 #c1 ii4 #bag bis xxxii4 #a-bh1 ii4 #chd xxxii4 #b1 i4 #abc xxxii4 #f1 ii4 #bag xliii4-xlvi41 i4 #chg xlviii41 ii4 #cfa ,daniel4 ii4 #ba1 ii4 #eea iv4 #h1 i4 #cd iv4 #cg1 ii4 #dec vii4 #aj1 ii4 #agc1 #eai vii4 #bf1 ii4 #eb viii4 #bc1 ii4 #che viii4 #bc-be1 ii4 #chh ix4 #bd1 i4 #bhd ix4 #bg1 ii4 #chh x41 i4 #bci xii4 #a1 #b1 #c1 ii4 #bgg xii4 #c1 ii4 #aia ,hosea4 iii4 #d1 i4 #bgi viii4 #ab1 ii4 #cdj x4 #i1 ii4 #abg x4 #ab1 i4 #g xiii4 #ad1 i4 #hj1 ii4 #abg xiv4 #i1 ii4 #bag ,joel4 ii4 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xliii4 #bj1 i4 #abc ,susannah4 ,v]4 #eb1 #ec1 i4 #cgf ,v]4 #ef1 i4 #cgg ,song ( ! ,?ree ,holy ,*ildr51 i4 #cgb #b ,maccabees4 vii4 #bh1 i4 #gg ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,mat!w4 i4 #bj1 i4 #dgb i4 #bc1 i4 #dcd ii4 #f1 i4 #bhd1 #dec ii4 #ac1 i4 #dgb iii4 #ag1 ii4 #gf iv4 #i1 #aj1 ii4 #eda iv4 #aj1 ii4 #dhe iv4 #ab1 i4 #agj iv4 #af1 i4 #agj iv4 #ai1 i4 #dff v4 #c1 ii4 #dji v4 #e1 i4 #ij v4 #f1 i4 #adf v4 #h1 i4 #ag1 ii4 #cdj1 #dee1 #dff v4 #ac1 ii4 #eec v4 #ad1 ii4 #bgh1 #dgd v4 #af1 ii4 #bgh v4 #bb1 i4 #aff1 #cbe v4 #bh1 i4 #cbe v4 #cd1 i4 #gd v4 #cd1 #ce1 i4 #ib v4 #ci1 i4 #aff1 ii4 #ddh v4 #ci1 #dj1 ii4 #dhb v4 #dd1 #de1 ii4 #eba v4 #de1 ii4 #ahh v4 #dh1 i4 #cee1 ii4 #aij v4 #dh1 #di1 i4 #ia vi4 #i1 i4 #ib vi4 #bd1 ii4 #dic vi4 #be-bh1 ii4 #ddg vii4 #g1 i4 #cij vii4 #ad1 ii4 #ced vii4 #ah1 i4 #ajc vii4 #bb1 i4 #djb vii4 #bb1 #bc1 i4 #bgh1 ii4 #ea vii4 #bd1 i4 #aff vii4 #bf1 i4 #afg viii4 #c1 i4 #ddi ix4 #ab1 ii4 #ada ix4 #bc1 ii4 #ddf ix4 #cg1 #ch1 i4 #dfh x4 #c1 i4 #dff x4 #ah1 i4 #bgh1 ii4 #ah1 #ai x4 #bc1 i4 #dga x4 #bi1 i4 #bcf x4 #bi1 #cj1 ii4 #eed xi4 #bj1 ii4 #bec xi4 #bg1 i4 #af1 #if1 #ajf1 ii4 #dff xi4 #bh1 ii4 #gg1 #adc xi4 #bi1 ii4 #h xii4 #bd1 ii4 #ac xii4 #cb1 i4 #cd xii4 #cc1 i4 #ajc xii4 #ce1 i4 #ajd xii4 #db1 i4 #bcg1 #bch xii4 #dd1 i4 #ccd xiii4 #i1 ii4 #def xiii4 #ed1 ii4 #ced xv4 #aa1 #ag-ai1 ii4 #eae xv4 #ai1 ii4 #dee xv4 #bd1 i4 #cbi xvii4 #i1 i4 #dej xviii4 #aj1 i4 #cbi1 ii4 #chj1 #ebj1 #ebb xviii4 #ai1 ii4 #eec xviii4 #bj1 ii4 #ab xix4 #ad1 i4 #bed xix4 #ag1 i4 #ajd1 ii4 #bgi xix4 #bd1 ii4 #ced xx4 #be1 ii4 #ddf xx4 #bh1 ii4 #aia xxi4 #b1 ii4 #bjh xxii4 #ab1 #ac1 i4 #ajj xxii4 #cj1 i4 #cde1 ii4 #ahi xxii4 #cb1 i4 #ib1 ii4 #did xxii4 #cg1 #ci1 #dj1 i4 #ic xxiii4 #ab1 ii4 #adb xxiii4 #bi-cf1 i4 #cgh xxiii4 #cj1 i4 #cig xxiii4 #cd1 ii4 #abg xxiv4 #d1 ii4 #che xxiv4 #ab1 i4 #abb xxiv4 #ad1 i4 #bgh1 ii4 #bj xxiv4 #ba1 i4 #bef xxiv4 #bc-bg1 ii4 #ea xxiv4 #bg1 i4 #eb xxiv4 #ce1 i4 #bed1 ii4 #bia xxv4 #d1 ii4 #cda xxv4 #bi1 i4 #adi xxv4 #cd1 i4 #afg xxv4 #ce1 i4 #afi xxvi4 #c1 i4 #aje xxvi4 #bc1 ii4 #bh xxvi4 #bi1 i4 #adf xxvi4 #ch1 i4 #abe1 #cdf1 ii4 #aa xxvi4 #ci1 ii4 #cj1 #ca1 #dgg xxvi4 #dh1 ii4 #fg xxvi4 #eb-ed1 ii4 #ad xxvi4 #ee1 ii4 #fg xxvi4 #ei-fa1 i4 #cid xxvi4 #fa1 ii4 #ac xxvii4 #c-e1 ii4 #ae xxvii4 #aa-ad1 ii4 #cid xxvii4 #ag1 i4 #cid xxvii4 #ah1 i4 #cid xxvii4 #ai1 ii4 #ci xxvii4 #df-ej1 ii4 #aac xxvii4 #ea1 #eb1 ii4 #ch xxvii4 #ed1 ii4 #da xxvii4 #fj1 ii4 #gb xxvii4 #fc1 i4 #bce xxviii4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #gd xxviii4 #i1 ii4 #gd xxviii4 #bj1 ii4 #ab1 #bhj ,m>k4 i4 #ab1 ii4 #f iii4 #ah1 i4 #dff iv4 #ab1 i4 #aid vi4 #b1 ii4 #ced vi4 #c1 ii4 #cge x4 #h1 i4 #aji x4 #ah1 ii4 #bgi x4 #dd1 ii4 #ddf xiii4 #ca1 ii4 #bia ,luke4 i4 #ce1 i4 #cd1 #aac v4 #h1 i4 #dfh vi4 #cf1 i4 #cee vi4 #d1 i4 #be viii4 #aj1 i4 #agj x4 #d1 i4 #cbj x4 #ah1 i4 #eb x4 #ai1 i4 #bhd1 ii4 #dgi1 #dij x4 #bb1 i4 #cf1 ii4 #ge xi4 #i1 i4 #ci xi4 #dh1 ii4 #gi xi4 #eb1 i4 #bii xii4 #aj1 i4 #cd xii4 #de1 #df1 i4 #cgf xiii4 #aa1 #af1 ii4 #ech xiii4 #bf1 #bg1 ii4 #ea xiv4 #aa1 i4 #ahe xiv4 #cd1 #ce1 ii4 #eec xvii4 #bj1 #ba1 i4 #ch xviii4 #aa1 ii4 #add xviii4 #ac1 ii4 #add xviii4 #ad1 ii4 #add xix4 #ad1 i4 #ig xix4 #ag1 ii4 #eeh xix4 #ag1 #ai1 i4 #adg xix4 #bf1 i4 #adi xx4 #cf1 i4 #cde1 ii4 #ahi xxii4 #be1 ii4 #ddf xxii4 #bg1 ii4 #h xxiii4 #ba1 #be1 ii4 #ebf xxiii4 #dd1 #de1 ii4 #ch xxiii4 #ec1 ii4 #gb bis xxiv4 #ae1 #ca1 ii4 #fe xxiv4 #cj1 #ca1 ii4 #ga ,john4 i4 #a1 ii4 #bic1 #djh1 #def1 #dif i4 #a1 #b1 i4 #acj i4 #a-c1 i4 #ei i4 #c1 i4 #cbi1 #cde i4 #c1 #d1 ii4 #cda i4 #e1 ii4 #ge1 #dgd i4 #i1 ii4 #djd i4 #ad1 ii4 #daa i4 #ah1 i4 #af1 #ie1 ii4 #ge1 #dej i4 #bf1 ii4 #ab i4 #bf1 #bg1 i4 #cdf1 ii4 #bhj i4 #cb-cd1 i4 #ddi i4 #eb1 i4 #dej ii4 #af1 i4 #ib ii4 #ai1 ii4 #aac ii4 #ai1 #ba1 ii4 #ejg iii4 #h1 ii4 #cf iv4 #ai1 i4 #ca iv4 #bj1 i4 #aj iv4 #ba1 i4 #h iv4 #ba-bd1 ii4 #dac iv4 #bc1 #bd1 i4 #aj iv4 #bd1 i4 #ge v4 #bc1 ii4 #dih v4 #ca1 i4 #dej v4 #ci1 i4 #cbe1 ii4 #dd1 #bhd v4 #df1 #dg1 ii4 #f vii4 #ae1 ii4 #ced vii4 #db1 i4 #dec viii4 #dj1 i4 #dgb1 ii4 #cb1 #dci viii4 #df1 i4 #aaj viii4 #eh1 ii4 #ejj ix4 #ci1 ii4 #dfa x4 #c1 i4 #cij x4 #h-aj1 ii4 #dij x4 #ah1 i4 #ajh1 #abe1 #cdf1 ii4 #bc1 #aac x4 #bd1 i4 #dej x4 #cj1 ii4 #ejj xii4 #bd1 ii4 #ebg xii4 #bg1 i4 #abe1 #cdf xiii4 #b1 i4 #bcb xiii4 #bg1 i4 #bbd xiv4 #b1 i4 #aeb1 ii4 #cei xiv4 #f1 i4 #a1 ii4 #dji1 #ejj xiv4 #i1 i4 #bd1 #ic xiv4 #aa1 ii4 #ejj xiv4 #af1 i4 #dgb xiv4 #bc1 i4 #i1 ii4 #ejf xiv4 #bf1 i4 #cf xiv4 #bg1 ii4 #ejb xiv4 #bh1 ii4 #ejb xiv4 #cj1 i4 #aaj xv4 #bb1 i4 #ch xvi4 #d1 ii4 #h xvi4 #ab1 #ac1 i4 #cf1 ii4 #c xvi4 #bh1 ii4 #bed xvi4 #cc1 i4 #bcc1 ii4 #dja1 #eed xvii4 #aj1 i4 #bi xvii4 #af1 i4 #hg xvii4 #bj1 #ba1 i4 #ef xvii4 #ba1 ii4 #ejj xvii4 #bb1 ii4 #ej xvii4 #bb1 #bc1 i4 #ef xvii4 #bd 7#ba1 #bb71 i4 #he1 #bfc xvii4 #be1 i4 #ajd xviii4 #d1 etc41 ii4 #ad xviii4 #cf1 i4 #dfe xix4 #b1 i4 #bdb xix4 #aa1 i4 #bce xix4 #cd1 #ce1 ii4 #dj xix4 #da1 ii4 #gb bis xix4 #eb1 ii4 #bc xx4 #bb1 i4 #cd1 #ci1 ii4 #dgc xx4 #bf1 ii4 #ff xx4 #bf1 #bg1 ii4 #fe xx4 #bg1 ii4 #fd xxi4 #ah1 ii4 #dg ,acts4 i4 #c1 ii4 #ff i4 #e1 ii4 #dgd i4 #h1 i4 #dj iv4 #cb1 ii4 #ejj v4 #cf1 #cg1 ii4 #cdi v4 #ch1 #ci1 i4 #dfa v4 #da1 ii4 #dg vii41 i4 #ih vii4 #bb1 ii4 #abh vii4 #db1 #dc1 ii4 #bge vii4 #eb1 i4 #cgi viii4 #aj1 ii4 #cdh viii4 #ah1 i4 #cd ix4 #ae1 i4 #bcc x4 #i-ae1 ii4 #b x4 #ad1 ii4 #cai x4 #ch1 ii4 #edh xv4 #bh1 #bi1 ii4 #eae xvii4 #bh1 i4 #gd1 ii4 #aff xxi4 #bf1 ii4 #c ,romans4 i4 #a-d1 i4 #id i4 #c1 #d1 i4 #bdh i4 #ad1 ii4 #acd i4 #ah-bc1 ii4 #cci i4 #ai1 ii4 #abi1 #aib i4 #bj1 ii4 #dja1 #dei i4 #bj-bb1 ii4 #abi i4 #ba1 ii4 #abi1 #dgj i4 #ba-bc1 ii4 #aib i4 #bb1 #bc1 ii4 #aeb i4 #bc1 ii4 #dih i4 #bd1 #be1 ii4 #dga i4 #bd1 #bf1 #bh1 ii4 #cja i4 #be1 ii4 #cdj1 #dgj i4 #bf-bh1 ii4 #abi i4 #bg1 ii4 #dgb i4 #bh1 ii4 #dga ii4 #d1 #e1 i4 #aha ii4 #d-aj1 i4 #afh ii4 #aa1 i4 #fc1 #fi ii4 #ac-af1 i4 #ada ii4 #bc1 ii4 #dih ii4 #bh1 i4 #cbg ii4 #bi1 ii4 #dde v4 #g1 ii4 #ahi v4 #h1 ii4 #ahh v4 #ad1 ii4 #bjf vi4 #d1 ii4 #gb vi4 #i1 ii4 #bc vi4 #aj1 ii4 #gb vii4 #i1 ii4 #adb vii4 #ab1 i4 #ajc vii4 #ab1 #ad1 ii4 #ddd vii4 #ac1 i4 #ajc vii4 #bc1 i4 #bdf1 #bea vii4 #bd1 ii4 #dgc1 #eci viii4 #b1 i4 #bea viii4 #g1 i4 #beb viii4 #h1 ii4 #dfj viii4 #i1 i4 #bdg1 ii4 #dfh viii4 #ac1 ii4 #cbj1 #dfj1 #dge viii4 #ad1 ii4 #bfb viii4 #af1 ii4 #dfj viii4 #ai1 i4 #fc viii4 #ai1 #bj1 ii4 #die viii4 #ai-ba1 ii4 #bha bis1 #dhf viii4 #bj1 ii4 #dgb viii4 #bj1 #ba1 i4 #fc1 #ace1 #bed1 #beh-bfd viii4 #bb1 i4 #fc viii4 #cb1 ii4 #ebg viii4 #ce-cg1 ii4 #cie viii4 #cg1 i4 #cif viii4 #ch1 #ci1 i4 #bcc1 #cie ix4 #f1 i4 #ccf ix4 #f1 #h1 i4 #cbg ix4 #h1 i4 #cbi ix4 #aa1 #ab1 i4 #acc ix4 #ad1 i4 #fc ix4 #af1 i4 #agj1 #bjc ix4 #ah1 i4 #aga ix4 #bj1 #ba1 i4 #aga x4 #f-h1 i4 #ch xi4 #d1 i4 #cjh xi4 #aa1 #ab1 ii4 #dbd xi4 #cc1 i4 #cci bis xi4 #cf1 ii4 #djg xii4 #aa1 i4 #abb xii4 #ad1 ii4 #ebc xiii4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #edh xiii4 #ad1 i4 #ha xiv4 #a1 i4 #cif xiv4 #i1 ii4 #fh1 #dff xiv4 #ae1 i4 #cgd1 ii4 #ead xiv4 #ba1 ii4 #ead xv4 #ai1 ii4 #ddd xvi4 #ae1 ii4 #f xvi4 #be1 #bf1 ii4 #ada #a ,cor9?ians4 i4 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ii4 #baf ix4 #bf1 ii4 #dgd ix4 #bg1 ii4 #cbj x4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #baf x4 #c1 #d1 ii4 #baf1 #dfi x4 #d1 i4 #cjf x4 #aa1 i4 #cjf1 ii4 #bji x4 #ac1 i4 #bbg1 #bbh1 #bbi x4 #ah1 i4 #cbg x4 #bc1 i4 #aag x4 #ca1 ii4 #eah xi4 #c1 i4 #ajf xi4 #ai1 ii4 #if xii4 #c1 i4 #cd1 #dj xii4 #d-g1 i4 #da xii4 #f1 i4 #db xii4 #h1 ii4 #abh xii4 #h1 #i1 ii4 #cea xii4 #aa1 ii4 #da xiii4 #aj1 ii4 #cei xiii4 #ab1 ii4 #cei1 #dfj1 #dgc xiv4 #ae1 i4 #aba xv4 #b1 ii4 #cdf xv4 #c-h1 ii4 #ff xv4 #i1 i4 #fg xv4 #aj1 i4 #bcc xv4 #ab1 ii4 #id xv4 #bb1 ii4 #bjf1 #cge xv4 #be1 i4 #ed xv4 #be1 #bf1 ii4 #cgd xv4 #bh1 i4 #bfj1 #bgj xv4 #ce-ch1 ii4 #bhf xv4 #ci-db1 i4 #ach xv4 #dj-db1 ii4 #bgh xv4 #da1 i4 #abi1 ii4 #bbd xv4 #da1 #db1 ii4 #aia xv4 #db1 i4 #d xv4 #db1 #dc1 ii4 #bhg xv4 #dd1 i4 #acg1 ii4 #bbd xv4 #dh1 #di1 ii4 #bhg xv4 #di1 ii4 #bhg xv4 #ej1 ii4 #bhg xv4 #ea1 #eb1 ii4 #bhe xv4 #eb1 ii4 #fi bis xv4 #ec1 ii4 #ded xv4 #ec-ef1 i4 #hj xv4 #ed1 ii4 #cgd #b ,cor9?ians4 i4 #aj1 i4 #ef ii4 #d1 i4 #aaf1 #bhi iii4 #f1 i4 #i1 ii4 #ddc iii4 #g1 #h1 ii4 #ddc iii4 #ae1 ii4 #ccj iii4 #ae-ag1 i4 #i iv4 #d1 i4 #cee iv4 #f1 ii4 #cda iv4 #aj1 ii4 #dfj iv4 #ah1 i4 #hi1 #bfg1 ii4 #dja v4 #a1 i4 #hi1 ii4 #ded v4 #a-d1 ii4 #ded v4 #f1 #h1 ii4 #dgc v4 #aj1 i4 #bac v4 #ac1 i4 #aac v4 #af1 ii4 #dfa v4 #bj1 ii4 #dib v4 #ba1 ii4 #age vi4 #af1 ii4 #ejf viii4 #af1 i4 #bcj ix4 #i1 #aj1 i4 #id x4 #c1 ii4 #ccd x4 #e1 i4 #bcj1 ii4 #afa1 #bfi xi4 #ad1 ii4 #did xi4 #bb1 i4 #id xii4 #b1 ii4 #dej xii4 #d1 ii4 #cdb1 #dfe xiii4 #c1 i4 #c1 #aab1 #cdd xiii4 #d1 i4 #cdh ,galatians4 i4 #d1 ii4 #cif i4 #ai1 i4 #ddg ii4 #e1 ii4 #dde ii4 #ab1 ii4 #b ii4 #bj1 i4 #cdd iii4 #c1 i4 #ce iv4 #aj1 #aa1 ii4 #eji iv4 #ba1 #bb1 ii4 #e iv4 #ba-bd1 ii4 #baj iv4 #bf1 i4 #cbi v4 #b1 ii4 #bai v4 #h1 i4 #aga1 ii4 #cii v4 #ag1 i4 #bbg1 #bde1 #bdg1 ii4 #eaj v4 #ai-ba1 i4 #bdg v4 #bb1 i4 #ce v4 #be1 ii4 #dge vi4 #ad1 ii4 #gb ,ephesians4 i4 #d1 i4 #bef i4 #ba1 i4 #de ii4 #b1 i4 #aea1 ii4 #dge ii4 #c1 ii4 #bch ii4 #g1 i4 #he ii4 #bj1 ii4 #ejg iv4 #aj1 i4 #dce iv4 #ac1 i4 #ef iv4 #ad1 ii4 #bhf iv4 #bg1 i4 #bcb v4 #a1 ii4 #djf v4 #af1 ii4 #cif v4 #ca1 #cb1 ii4 #baf vi4 #b1 #c1 i4 #id1 #cbd vi4 #aa1 ii4 #ebj1 #edj1 #eef vi4 #ab1 i4 #bbe1 #bcb1 ii4 #ebj vi4 #ac1 i4 #bbd ,philippians4 i4 #bc1 i4 #fd1 #adi ii4 #e-i1 ii4 #agh ii4 #f1 #g1 i4 #cdh1 ii4 #age ii4 #f-h1 ii4 #cec ii4 #aj1 #aa1 i4 #bi1 ii4 #edc ii4 #ac1 i4 #agj1 #bji iii4 #aj1 ii4 #gb iii4 #ba1 ii4 #dgc iv4 #h1 #i1 i4 #aja iv4 #ac1 i4 #bcc1 ii4 #eed ,colossians4 i4 #ae1 i4 #bb1 #ie1 #aje1 #cee1 ii4 #djg1 #dej i4 #af1 i4 #acj i4 #af1 #ag1 i4 #ajf i4 #af-ah1 i4 #ei ii4 #h1 i4 #cif ii4 #i1 i4 #aaj ii4 #ae1 ii4 #fg ii4 #af1 i4 #cjg1 ii4 #eaj ii4 #ah1 #ai1 ii4 #bge iii4 #c1 i4 #aab1 #cdg iii4 #e1 ii4 #cbj1 #dfj iii4 #h1 ii4 #bch iii1 #ag1 ii4 #eah iv4 #f1 ii4 #aad1 #cdg #a ,!ssalonians4 ii4 #ad-af1 i4 #cgi iv4 #ac-ae1 i4 #fi iv4 #ae1 #af1 ii4 #bhe iv4 #af1 ii4 #fi iv4 #af1 #ag1 ii4 #bhe iv4 #ag1 i4 #aea v4 #ad1 i4 #cbe #b ,!ssalonians4 ii4 #a-ab1 ii4 #chg ii4 #b1 ii4 #id ii4 #c1 #d1 ii4 #eb1 #che ii4 #d1 ii4 #chh ii4 #f-aj1 ii4 #eb ii4 #i1 ii4 #chi ii4 #aj-ab1 ii4 #eb #a ,timo?y4 i4 #ae1 ii4 #dfi ii4 #a1 #b1 ii4 #eef ii4 #e1 ii4 #chd ii4 #bj1 #ba1 ii4 #bcf iii4 #af1 ii4 #aab iv4 #a-c1 i4 #aaf1 ii4 #ccd iv4 #d1 #e1 ii4 #eah iv4 #aj1 ii4 #ahh vi4 #ag1 #ah1 ii4 #ddd vi4 #bj1 #ba1 ii4 #id #b ,timo?y4 i4 #c1 i4 #ic1 ii4 #cca i4 #af-ah1 i4 #bab ii4 #e1 ii4 #eda ii4 #aj1 ii4 #ada ii4 #aa1 ii4 #gb ii4 #ae1 ii4 #bfh ii4 #bj1 i4 #ace ii4 #bj1 #ba1 i4 #bad ii4 #ba1 i4 #ace iii4 #f1 ii4 #cfc iii4 #h1 ii4 #bah iv4 #g1 ii4 #dgd ,titus4 i4 #i1 #aj1 ii4 #abi i4 #ab1 ii4 #abd iii4 #c-f1 i4 #dgj iii4 #aj1 ii4 #ccc ,hebrews4 i4 #c1 i4 #bb1 #bd1 #be1 #cdc i4 #g1 i4 #abb i4 #h1 ii4 #ejj i4 #ad1 i4 #de1 #bdd1 ii4 #bga1 #ebj ii4 #a1 i4 #bcb iii4 #ad1 i4 #cij iv4 #ab1 i4 #bj iv4 #ad1 ii4 #eai iv4 #ae1 i4 #aaj v4 #ab-ad1 ii4 #acd v4 #ad1 ii4 #cej vi4 #g1 #h1 i4 #agg viii4 #e1 i4 #aac1 #bga1 #cjf1 #cjg ix4 #bf1 i4 #he x4 #bi1 ii4 #dii xi4 #bd-bf1 i4 #a xi4 #bh1 i4 #cgg xi4 #cg1 #ch1 ii4 #dca1 #dda xii4 #bb1 ii4 #dea xii4 #bb1 i4 #ccj1 ii4 #die xii4 #bi1 ii4 #dac ,james4 iv4 #ag1 i4 #ch #a ,pet]4 i4 #i1 i4 #aba ii4 #e1 ii4 #ejg ii4 #i1 ii4 #bgg ii4 #bb1 ii4 #age iii4 #ae1 ii4 #aad1 #dce iii4 #ah-ba1 i4 #ajb v4 #f1 ii4 #adb v4 #h1 i4 #bdd #a ,john4 i4 #e1 i4 #ddi i4 #e1 i4 #h1 #cdc1 ii4 #bgh ii4 #a1 #b1 i4 #aag ii4 #b1 ii4 #acj1 #ahh1 #eje ii4 #f1 i4 #cdg iii4 #b1 i4 #bfc1 ii4 #aij v4 #ai1 i4 #eb1 #hf ,revelation4 i4 #h1 i4 #bi v4 #h1 ii4 #eje x4 #d1 ii4 #bdc x4 #i1 ii4 #cdb xiv4 #f1 i4 #cci xxi41 ii4 #bfb ,,ii4--,,index ,,( ,,pr9cipal ,,subjects4 ,ab>is1 ! ,hyp]borean1 ii4 #aab4 ,abraham1 i4 #dai2 & ,isaac & ,jacob1 ! names (1 unit$ ) t ( ,god1 pot5t aga9/ demons1 ii4 #aie-aig4 ,ab/95ce1 !1 practis$ by ! ,py?agoreans & ,*ri/ians1 ! diff]5t reasons =1 ii4 #cbj4 ,acts ( ,paul1 ,!1 quot$1 i4 #bj4 ,adam1 n ! "n ( an individual b ( ! :ole race1 ii4 #bjf4 ,ad] ,hadad1 i4 #chi4 ,adrian & ,jesus1 ii4 #aag1 #aah4 ,adult]y1 reasons :y ! foll[]s ( ,z5o & ,epicurus ab/a9 f1 ii4 #dhd4 ,adv5ts ( ,*ri/1 two1 pr$ict$1 i4 #dei4 sculapius & 8 suppos$ heav5ly p[]1 ii4 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd4 ,africanus1 ! lett] (1 to ,orig51 i4 #cfi1 #cgj2 reply ( ,orig5 to1 #cga1 etc4 ,ages1 !1 i4 #he4 ,allegories 9 ,scripture1 ii4 #bji1 #baj2 ,celsus accuses ,*ri/ians ( hav+ rec\rse to1 :5 a%am$ ( ,scripture hi/ories1 #bad2 ,celsus' objection to1 refut$1 #bae-bag4 ,alt>1 ! only1 recognis$ by ,*ri/ians1 ii4 #eje4 ,alt>s1 images1 & temples1 :y ,*ri/ians reject & abhor1 ii4 #dhj-dhg4 ,ammon =bids ! use ( c[s' fle%1 ii4 #cjf4 ,anax>*us1 anecdote (1 ii4 #dge1 #dgf4 ,angel1 !1 :o _h p[] to hurt ! uncircumcis$1 ii4 #cah1 #cai4 ,angels1 doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* respect+1 i4 #g2 h[ ref]r$ to by ,paul1 #de2 a p>ticul> (fice assign$ to ea*1 #fe2 div]sities among1 ! result ( m]it1 #ff2 capable ( good or evil1 #fg1 #fi2 ! sub/ance (1 #abb1 #abc2 sup]ior to m51 ii4 #ahi1 #aij2 employm5t & dignity (1 #bga1 #eai1 #ebj2 n to be wor%ipp$ or invok$1 #bgb2 t wait$ on ,jesus1 #cbg1 #cbh4 ,angels1 evil1 ii4 #eag4 ,animal man1 !1 i4 #abj1 #aba4 ,animals1 irrational1 ! sup]iority ( man to1 ii4 #bdd-bef2 p[] ( sorc]y attribut$ to1 by ,celsus1 #beb2 k ( ,god attribut$ to1 by ,celsus1 #bed-bef2 division (1 by ,moses1 into clean & unclean1 #bfj2 accord+ to ,celsus1 ne>] to ,god & m belov$ by ,him ?an m51 #bfc1 #bfd4 ,annihilation ( mat]ial sub/ances n possible1 i4 #eh4 ,an?ropopa?y1 !1 ( ,scripture1 ii4 #bcf1 #bci4 ,anti*ri/1 ii4 #che-chh4 ,ant9\s1 ii4 #aag1 #aah1 #aai4 1 i4 #hf4 ,ants & bees ass]t$ by ,celsus to be n inf]ior 9 intellig5ce to man1 ii4 #bdf-bdh4 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 ii4 #chj4 ,apopompu1 i4 #bbc4 ,apo/les1 ! subjects ( _! prea*+1 i4 #c1 etc4 ,ar*ilo*us1 ! poet1 ii4 #aje4 ,ari/eas ( ,proconnesus1 ! /ory (1 ii4 #ajf-ajh2 & ,jesus1 #ajh-aaa4 ,ari/otle flees f p]secution1 i4 #dga4 ,ark1 !1 ( ,noah1 ii4 #bjg4 ,artax]xes & ,mordecai1 i4 #bca4 ,asc5sion ( ,moses1 ,!1 quot$1 i4 #bbb4 1 i4 #e4 ,augury1 ii4 #beb1 #bec1 #bed1 #bee1 #bef1 #beg2 demons ! real s\rce (1 #bei-bfa2 =bidd5 by ,moses1 #bfb4 ,av5g+ injuries1 ii4 #dgi1 #dhj4 ,babel1 ! ov]?r[ ( ! t[] (1 ii4 #ahj1 #aha4 ,b>nabas1 ,! ,epi/le (1 quot$ respect+ ! two ways1 i4 #bca2 respect+ ! disciples ( ,jesus1 #dfh4 ,bees & ants ass]t$ by ,celsus to be n inf]ior to man 9 intellig5ce1 ii4 #bdf-bef4 ,betrayal1 !1 ( ,jesus by ,judas1 ii4 #ae1 etc41 #ag1 etc4 ,be?lehem1 ,jesus born 91 i4 #dec4 ,birds1 div9ation or augury by1 ii4 #bed1 #bee1 etc41 #beh1 #bei4 ,bir?1 ! influ5ce (1 i4 #dbg4 ,bless$ness1 ! future1 ( ! sa9ts1 n c>nal1 i4 #ade1 #adf2 b spiritual1 #adg-aec4 ,bodily nature1 ! p]petuity ( !1 i4 #gg-gi4 ,body1 !1 c rational creatures live )\t81 i4 #hj1 #hb2 to be made immortal & incorruptible1 ! resurrection (1 #acg1 ii4 #bhd-bib2 v>ieties 9 ! resurrection body1 i4 #ach2 a ^w to weak believ]s respect+ ! resurrection body1 #aci1 etc42 z well z ! s\l1 ! "w ( ,god1 ,celsus refut$1 ii4 #bbj-bbd1 #bbe1 #bbf2 ,celsus misrepres5ts ! views ( ,*ri/ians respect+1 #ecc1 #ecd2 ! c>e (1 assign$ by ! ,egyptians to ?irty-six demons1 #edb1 #edc4 ,brea? ( ! p[] ( ,god1 !1 i4 #bf-bh4 ,brightness ( ! ,fa!r's glory1 ,*ri/ !1 i4 #bd4 ,calima*us1 8 hymn to ,jupit] quot$1 ii4 #abd1 #abe4 ,callatians1 a horrid cu/om (1 ii4 #cjg4 ,camel1 easi] = a1 to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le1 etc41 ii4 #ced1 #cee4 ,*remon1 8 ,treatise on ,comets cit$1 i4 #dfb4 ,*ri/1 ! words (1 i4 #a2 apo/olical doctr9e respect+1 #c2 ! only-begott5 ,son ( ,god1 #ah2 ! wisdom ( ,god1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj2 ! et]nal g5]ation (1 #ai1 #bb2 g5]at$ by ! div9e w1 #bc2 ! image ( ! invisible ,god1 #bc1 #bd2 ! brightness ( ! glory ( ,god1 #bd1 #be2 ! figure ( ,god's p]son or subsi/5ce1 #be2 ! brea? ( ! p[] ( ,god1 #bf2 ! efflux ( ,god's glory1 #bh2 ! spl5d\r ( et]nal light1 #cj2 ! /a9less mirror ( ,god's 1 #ca2 ! image ( ,god's goodness1 #ca1 #cb2 ! inc>nation (1 #ajf2 ,8 union ) ,god1 #ajh2 ,8 union ) ,god ! rew>d ( ,8 love1 #aji2 possess$ a human & rational s\l1 #aaj1 #aaa2 ano9t$ ) ! oil ( joy1 #aaa1 #aab2 & ,moses1 z lawgiv]s1 #bge1 etc42 pr$ict$1 #bgi1 etc41 #bhe1 etc42 all ! maje/y ( ,8 div9ity n conf9$ )9 ! limits ( ! body (1 #cde-cdg2 ,jacob's prophecy (1 #ded2 suff]+s (1 pr$ict$1 #def2 two adv5ts (1 pr$ict$1 #dei1 etc42 ! belief ( ,jews & ,*ri/ians 9 ! adv5t (1 ,celsus answ]$1 ii4 #ahj4 ,see ,jesus4 ,*ri/ianity1 ! p[] (1 i4 #bgg1 etc41 #dbd1 #dbe1 #dbf2 its own def5ce1 #cic1 #cie2 its real evid5ce1 #cii1 #djj2 g5]al conspiracy aga9/1 #djj2 n a secret sy/em1 #djc2 m>tyrs =1 prais$ by ,celsus1 #djd2 adaptability (1 to all ord]s ( m9d1 ii4 #dfd2 ! object (1 to make all m5 wise1 #abf1 #abg1 #abh1 #aeb2 ,celsus' sl&]s ( ! tea*]s (1 refut$1 #aec1 #aed1 #aee1 #aef4 ,*ri/ians1 !1 accus$ ( ent]+ into secret associations1 i4 #cih1 #cii2 ho/ility ( ! hea!n to1 #djj2 ! morals (1 #djj1 #dja2 regulations (1 relat+ to idolatry1 #dja1 #djb2 use no incantations 9 ca/+ out demons1 #djb1 #djc2 d n believe )\t a reason1 #dje2 re=m$ by ! p[] ( _! religion1 #djf2 ! po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,jews &1 n trifl+1 ii4 #he1 #hf1 #hh2 n rebels aga9/ ! ,jewi% ,/ate1 #ij1 #ia2 ! zeal (1 to diffuse _! pr9ciples1 #ib2 few at fir/1 yet n v few1 #ic2 diff]5ces ( op9ion among1 f ! fir/1 #id2 exi/5ce ( h]esies among1 no reproa* to1 #id-if2 ! basis ( ! union (1 #if1 #ig2 *>g$ ) inv5t+ t]rors1 #ih2 ! religion (1 comp>$ by ,celsus ) t ( ! ,egyptians1 #ih1 #ii2 *>g$ by ,celsus ) invit+ to _! ranks ! ignorant only1 #abe-aca2 fur!r calumnies ( ,celsus aga9/1 #aca1 #acc2 _! mode ( admitt+ memb]s1 #acb2 in/ructions giv5 by1 graduat$ to ! capacity ( ! he>]s1 #acc2 desire to in/ruct all classes ( m51 #acd2 ,celsus' calumnies respect+ ! way _! tea*]s deal ) ! "y & ignorant1 #ace-ach2 ! wor/ invit$ by1 to d !m good1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada2 sl&] ( ,celsus1 t wise m5 are driv5 f ! religion (1 #aea2 *>g$ ) seek+ aft] ! un9tellig5t1 #aeb2 o!r *>ges aga9/ ! tea*]s (1 repell$1 #aec-aef2 n won by va9 hopes1 #aeh2 ,celsus' ridicule (1 z bats & ants1 etc41 #ahc1 #ahd2 ! ackn[l$g$ op9ions (1 :i* make !m noble1 #ahe1 #ahf2 ! "* (1 #ahg1 #ahh2 d n pr(ess to monopolize ,god1 #ahh1 #ahi2 ! argum5t betwe5 ! ,jews &1 #cbi2 sects & h]esies among1 #cca1 #ccc1 #cce2 old calumnies aga9/1 #cfe1 #cff2 ,celsus conf\nds !m ) c]ta9 silly errori/s1 #cfe1 etc42 ,celsus reviles--answ] to ,celsus' revil+s (1 #cgc-cgf2 _! views ( ,god misrepres5t$ by ,celsus1 #ddi-dej2 _! hope aft] dea?1 #dej-dea2 fur!r calumnies ( ,celsus1 #dfb2 in/ruct$ & /igmatiz$ by ,celsus1 #dfh1 #dfi2 h[ !y live1 #dga2 :y !y reject images1 temples1 & alt>s1 #dhc-dhg2 n inconsi/5t 9 _! rejection ( images1 #dhg2 use no b>b>\s words 9 pray]1 #ebb2 d n revile ! /atues ( ! gods1 #ebc1 #ebd1 #ebe2 ! lov+ zeal (1 = ! salvation ( m51 #ecf2 ! lib]ty (1 #ech1 #eci1 #edj2 urg$ by ,celsus to help ! k+ & fight = him--h[ !y d ?is1 #eef-eeh2 :y !y refuse to take (fice "u gov]nm5t1 #eeh4 ,*ri/s1 false1 #dfj1 #dfa4 ,*rysippus' treatise ,on ! ,cure ( ! ,passions quot$1 i4 #dgj2 ,on ! ,subjugation ( ! ,passions1 ii4 #ece4 ,*ur*es ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & hea!n assemblies1 comp>$ & contra/$1 ii4 #aaj1 #aab4 ,circumcision1 i4 #dai2 z practis$ by ! ,jews diff]5t f t practis$ by ! ,g5tiles1 ii4 #caf1 #cah2 ( ,moses' son1 #cah1 #cai2 aboli%$ by ,*ri/1 #cai4 ,clean & unclean animals1 ! reason ( ! ,mosaic division into1 ii4 #bfj4 ,clem5t ( ,rome quot$1 i4 #hf1 #hg4 ,cleom$es1 ! box]1 ( ,a/ypalea1 ii4 #aje1 #aad4 ,clo?+1 !1 ( ! s\l & ( ! body1 i4 #ha4 ,condesc5sion1 !1 ( ,god1 ii4 #agb1 #agd1 #age4 ,conflagration1 !1 ( ! _w1 ,celsus' cavils aga9/1 ii4 #bha-bhe4 ,conflict1 !1 ) ! p[]s ( evil1 i4 #bcb1 etc4 ,confusion ( tongues1 !1 at ,babel1 ii4 #big-bii4 ,consummation1 !1 i4 #ec-ei4 ,controv]sy betwe5 ,jason & ,papiscus1 ,!1 conc]n+ ,*ri/1 ref]r$ to1 #bah1 #bai4 ,conv]sion possible = ! v wor/1 ii4 #ade-adh4 ,conv]ts f ,judaism d n des]t ! law ( _! fa!rs1 ii4 #a1 #b4 ,corporeal & incorporeal be+1 i4 #ei-fe4 ,corporeity1 w x ev] be de/roy$81 i4 #hb1 #hc1 etc4 ,corruptible1 !1 putt+ on incorruption1 i4 #hj1 #ha4 ,cosmogony1 ! ,mosaic1 ! criticism ( ,celsus on1 answ]$1 ii4 #cij-cib1 #djb1 #djc4 ,c[s' fle% =bidd5 by ,ammon1 ii4 #cjf4 ,creation1 !1 ( ! _w 9 "t1 i4 #bec1 etc42 objection to ! creation ( ! _w 9 "t answ]$1 #bee2 ! peculi> t]m employ$ 9 ,scripture to express1 #beh4 ,creation ( man1 !1 ridicul$ by ,celsus1 ii4 #aii1 #bjj2 & ( bea/1 ! "w ( ,god1 #bbj-bbd4 ,creature1 !1 subject$ to vanity1 i4 #fc-fe1 #beg1 #beh4 ,creatures1 made by ,god 9 ! beg9n+1 i4 #abf2 *angeable & mutable1 #abh2 v>ieties (1 #abi1 #acj4 ,crocodiles1 ,celsus has no fault to f9d ) ! wor%ipp]s (1 ii4 #caj4 ,cup1 ! pray] ( ,jesus respect+ !1 ii4 #cb4 ,cu/oms1 ought ^? ( our respective c\ntries to be foll[$81 ii4 #cje1 etc42 ! v>iety & absurdity (1 #cjf1 etc4 ,cycles ( mortal ?+s1 ass]t$ by ,celsus1 refutation ( ! notion (1 ii4 #bcb1 #bcc2 taught by ! ,/oics1 #chi1 #cij4 ,dan & ,be!l1 i4 #cij4 ,daniel1 ! wisdom (1 ii4 #abg4 ,daniel1 additions to ! book (1 9 ! ,,lxx41 i4 #cga1 #cgb1 #cgc4 ,d>kness1 out]1 i4 #add4 ,d>kness1 ! rul]s & p[]s (1 obta9$ _! degrees ( evil by _! own conduct1 i4 #fi4 ,d>kness1 !1 r\nd ab\t ,god1 ii4 #cee4 ,days1 sacr$1 ii4 #eji1 #eaj4 ,dea?1 h[ c\ld ! ,jews 9 captivity pass ! s5t5ce (81 i4 #che4 ,dea?1 ! hope ( ,*ri/ians aft]1 ii4 #dej1 #dea4 ,dea?1 ! la/ enemy1 de/roy$1 i4 #bfh1 #bfi4 ,defection1 !1 ( m51 i4 #dc4 ,deluge1 !1 ! cavils ( ,celsus respect+1 ii4 #bjf-bjh1 #dja4 ,demons1 =mul us$ aga9/1 ii4 #aie1 #aif1 #aig2 ! s\rce ( augury by birds1 etc41 #bei1 #bfj1 #bfa2 ! sev5 rul+1 ref]r$ to by ,celsus1 #cfh1 #cfi2 ca/ out by ,*ri/ians1 #dhg2 ! wor%ip (1 inconsi/5t ) ! wor%ip ( ,god1 #dhh-dij2 eat+ ?+s (f]$ to1 #ead-eag2 h no?+ to d ) food & dr9k1 #eaf-eah2 fir/-fruits n to be (f]$ to1 #eai2 c inflict no injury on ,*ri/ians1 #eba1 #ebb2 ,jesus n a demon1 #ebd2 afraid ( m>tyrs1 #ebh2 n set ov] ! fruits ( ! e>?1 #edb2 ?irty-six1 among ! ,egyptians1 h assign$ to !m ! c>e ( ! human body1 #edb2 caution1 accord+ to ,celsus1 requir$ 9 ! s]vice (1 #edd-edf2 o!r ref]5ces to1 #aaj1 #aac1 #aad1 #aae1 #aag1 #aid1 #bcb1 #bei1 #bfj1 #bfa1 #bfd1 #bgb1 #eab1 #edd4 ,desire ( k1 !1 to be satisfi$ 9 a future /ate1 i4 #adf-aea4 ,deut]onomy1 ! book (1 i4 #cch1 #cci4 ,devil1 !1 & 8 angels1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* respect+1 i4 #e2 ! titles (1 #de2 n incapable ( goodness1 #fh2 ! ag5cy (1 z set =? 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #bbb2 z reveal$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #bbd2 n ! prompt] to all s9s1 #bbg-bbi2 h[ he & 8 alli$ p[]s tempt1 #bbi2 ! conte/ aga9/1 #bcb1 etc42 ! *>ges ( ,celsus aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians 9 relation to1 refut$1 ii4 #chj-chd2 ! fall (1 #che4 ,diagram1 a curi\s1 ref]r$ to by ,celsus z 9 use among c]ta9 h]etics1 ii4 #cfb1 #cfc1 #cfh1 #cfi1 #cgf1 #cgg4 ,disciples1 !1 ( ,jesus1 _! devotion to _! ,ma/]1 i4 #dcj2 def5d$ aga9/ ,celsus1 #dff-dgj2 ju/ifi$ 9 flee+ f p]secution1 #dga2 tru?fulness (1 ii4 #ba1 #bc4 ,dionysius1 ii4 #ajc4 ,dioscuri1 !1 & ,h]cules1 & sculapius1 no gods1 ii4 #ajb1 #ajc4 ,div9ation1 ii4 #bed1 #bee1 #bef1 #beg1 #beh1 #bei4 ,doctr9e ( ,pet]1 ,!1 ! apocryphal "w s call$1 quot$1 i4 #f4 ,dosi!ans1 !1 ii4 #cdi4 ,dove1 ! desc5t ( a1 on ,jesus1 i4 #ddj1 #dda1 #ddb-ddf4 ,e>?1 ! di/ribution ( ! sev]al p>ts (1 among sup]9t5d+ spirits1 accord+ to ,celsus1 ii4 #bic1 etc42 ! correct view respect+1 #bif1 #big4 ,ebionite1 mean+ ( ! "n1 i4 #cbi4 ,ebionites1 :o s call$1 ii4 #a4 ,efflux ( ! glory ( ,god1 ,*ri/ !1 i4 #bh4 ,egypt1 h[ ! ,hebrews 7 deliv]$ f1 ii4 #hi1 #ij4 ,egyptians1 !1 :at ! ,israelites did ) ! spoil (1 i4 #chh1 #chi2 ! ,jews n desc5d$ f1 ii4 #hh-ij2 ! religion (1 fooli%ly comp>$ by ,celsus to t ( ! ,*ri/ians1 #ih1 #ii2 inconsi/5tly laud$ by ,celsus1 #dbc2 assign ! c>e ( ! human body to ?irty-six demons1 #edb1 #edc4 ,elephants1 ! fidelity (1 to oa?s1 accord+ to ,celsus1 ii4 #bfe4 ,end1 !1 :5 x w come1 i4 #ed2 & ! beg9n+1 #ee2 :at %all be aft]1 #eh2 admonitory rem>ks respect+1 #bfb-bgc4 ,enemy1 ! la/1 de/roy$1 i4 #bfh1 #bfi4 ,eno*1 ,! book (1 quot$1 i4 #ceb1 ii4 #cbe4 ,epictetus1 an anecdote (1 ii4 #dge1 #dgf4 ,epicureans1 reasons ( !1 = ab/a9+ f adult]y1 ii4 #dhd4 ,eros1 ! /ory (1 f ! ,symposium ( ,plato1 ii4 #bjc-bje4 ,esaias sawn asund]1 i4 #cgg1 #cgh4 ,esot]ic & exot]ic doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 !1 i4 #djc4 ,et]nal g5]ation ( ,*ri/1 !1 i4 #ai1 #bc4 ,etymological fancies 9 ,scripture1 i4 #chc4 ,euphrates1 ii4 #cfg4 ,euripides quot$1 ii4 #bdc4 ,eve1 ! =mation (1 ridicul$ by ,celsus1 ii4 #bja4 ,evid5ces ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 i4 #dde1 #ddf4 ,evil1 or good1 e rational creat$ nature capable (1 i4 #fh2 ,god1 n ! au?or (1 #cie-cih2 :at sort (1 ,god may be said to cause1 #cih2 ! f9al complete de/ruction (1 #eee4 ,evil be+s1 made su* by !mselves 9 _! respective degrees1 i4 #fi4 ,evils1 nev] m nor few]1 accord+ to ,celsus--refutation ( ?is op9ion1 ii4 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bcj2 ! inquiry into ! orig9 (1 difficult1 #bca1 #bcb2 ! s\rce (1 #bcb2 seem+1 #bce1 #bcf2 all[$ = good ends1 #cih4 ,eyes1 op5 & %ut1--! inn] & out]1 ii4 #dfa4 ,fai?1 ! re=m+ p[] ( ! ,*ri/ian1 i4 #djf2 ! call to1 rational1 #djg4 ,fai? 9 ,jesus1 ii4 #abj4 ,fall5 spirits1 i4 #eg2 ! re/oration (1 #eg1 #eh4 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s1 a summ>y ( ! doctr9e ( !1 i4 #cdb1 etc4 ,figure ( ! ,fa!r's p]son1 ,*ri/ !1 i4 #be4 ,fire1 et]nal1 ! ?reat5+ (1 i4 #dj-dc4 ,fire1 ,god a consum+1 i4 #i2 :y ,god is repres5t$ z1 ii4 #agb1 #agc4 ,fle% & _s1 i4 #bde-bdh4 ,floods & conflagrations1 ii4 #aga4 ,food1 spiritual1 i4 #adg2 diff]5t ways ( prep>+1 i4 #dhj1 #dha4 ,fooli%ness1 ! k9d recomm5d$ by ,*ri/ianity1 i4 #daj4 ,=ekn[l$ge1 does n necessitate ! ev5ts =ese51 ii4 #be1 #bf1 #bg1 #bh2 ! gift (1 does n necess>ily imply virtue1 #aje2 no pro( ( div9ity1 #bfb1 #bfc4 ,f\ndation ( ! _w1 !1 i4 #bef4 ,free-w1 i4 #d1 #acb1 #acc2 fully ass]t$1 #aeg1 etc42 able to resi/ ext]nal causes1 #afa2 prov$ f ,scripture1 #afe1 etc42 passages ( ,scripture app>5tly oppos$ to1 expla9$1 #afh-bba4 ,geh5na1 ii4 #bfc1 #bfd4 ,g5]ation1 et]nal1 !1 ( ,*ri/1 i4 #ai1 #bb1 #bc4 ,glory1 human1 =bidd51 ii4 #ddg4 ,god1 apo/olic doctr9e respect+1 i4 #c2 a ,_s1 #h-aa2 light1 ibid42 fire1 #i2 incompreh5sible1 #aa2 reveal$ 9 ,8 works1 #ab1 #ac2 simple & uncomp\nd$ 9 ,8 nature1 #ab1 #ae2 ! nature (1 surpasses natural bodies1 #ae1 #af2 invisible1--h[ said to be se51 #af1 #ag2 ! image (1 #bc1 #bd1 #bfb1 #bfc2 omnipot5t1 #bh1 #cja1 ii4 #adi2 nature ( ,8 p[]1 #ca2 creat$ all ?+s1 i4 #cd2 !1 ( ! law & ! prophets ! same z ! ,fa!r ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 #ia1 etc42 n a body1 #ia2 an?ropopa?ic expressions respect+1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 expla9$1 #if1 #ig2 ! ju/ice & goodness (1 #ig-aje2 ! s\l (1 #abe1 #abf2 no?+ happ5s )\t ! p]mission (1 #bce2 :at 0 ,he do+ be=e ,he creat$ ! _w81 #bef2 9 ! end1 all 9 all1 #bfd1 #bfe2 "o1 believ$ 9 by ! ,jews1 #dbj1 #dba2 ,8 deal+ ) ! good & ! bad1 ii4 #adi1 #aej2 ,8 desc5t ^u e>? object$ to by ,celsus1--mean+ ( ,8 desc5t1 #afb-aff1 #agb2 by desc5d+ on e>? ,he does n vacate heav51 #aff2 :y ,he desires to make ,himself kn[n to m51 #afg1 #afh2 9 e age has pass$ into ! s\ls ( m51 #afh2 has reveal$ ,himself to "s preem95tly1 #afi2 ,celsus accuses ,*ri/ians ( babbl+ ab\t1 #aga2 a consum+ fire1 #agb1 #agc2 ! condesc5sion (1 #agb1 #agc1 #agd1 #age2 fur!r objections ( ,celsus to ! desc5t (1 to e>?1 answ]$--object ( ! inc>nation (1 #agg1 #agh2 figurative language us$ to describe1 #bjj1 #djd2 ! "o ,creator ( body & s\l1 man & bea/1 #bbj-bbd2 ang]1 wra?1 etc41 ascrib$ to--h[ ?is is to be und]/ood1 #bcg-bci2 made all ?+s = ! sake ( man1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bdb2 ev] ne> ,8 p1 #bhj2 ! "n giv5 to1 is n unimportant1 b ! contr>y1 #cae-cag2 d>kness r\nd ab\t1 #cee2 ^? :o call ,him 8accurs$10 #cfe1 #cff1 #cfg2 9 :at s5se said to make evil1 #cie1 #cig2 n incapable ( p]suad+ m51 #cih1 #cii2 9 :at s5se said to rep5t1 #cii1 #djj2 ! re/+ attribut$ to1 #djc2 man made 9 ! image (1 #dje1 #djf2 c ,he be rea*$ by a ^w81 #djh2 h[ to "k1 #djh1 #dji1 #daj1 #daa2 ! ,_s (1 #dac1 #dad2 ,celsus misrepres5ts ! views ( ,*ri/ians respect+1 #ddi1 #dej2 h[ se51 #dee2 n conf9$ to place1 #def2 n kn[n by ! s5ses1 #deg1 etc42 h>d to f9d out1 #dfd1 #dfe2 adapts ,8 tru? to all classes1 #dfd2 se5 9 ,*ri/1 #dfe1 #dff2 kn[n by ! simple/ ,*ri/ian1 ?r\gh ! help ( div9e grace1 #dff1 #dfg2 ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/ consi/5t ) ! sole wor%ip (1 #ejj1 #eja2 wor%ipp$ equally well 9 diff]5t languages1 #ebb4 ,gods1 ,scy?ian & ,greek1 ii4 #cgg1 #cgh2 _m1 n to be s]v$1 #dib1 etc41 #dif-ejj2 ,*ri/ians d n revile ! /atues ( !1 #ebc4 ,goodness1 div9e1 i4 #cb2 & ju/ice1 #ig1 etc42 consi/5t ) ! infliction ( puni%m5t1 #ih1 etc4 ,gospel1 !1 n p]v]t$ by ,*ri/ians1 ii4 #cc4 ,gospels1 !1 n all pure hi/ory1 i4 #cae1 #cag1 #cbj2 _! "* & au?ors1 ii4 #aba4 ,greek philosophy & le>n+ to be made subs]vi5t to ,*ri/ianity1 i4 #chh4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 lett] ( ,orig5 to1 i4 #chh4 ,h>d5+1 !1 ( ,ph>aoh's he>t1 i4 #afi1 etc41 #agf-aia4 ,heal+ art1 ! possession ( !1 does n necess>ily imply virtue1 ii4 #aje4 ,heav51 i4 #hh1 #hi1 #ij1 #aeb4 ,heav5ly bodies1 !1 animat$ & end[$ ) s\ls1 i4 #ei-fe4 ,heav5ly ,dialogue1 ,a1 quot$ by ,celsus1 ii4 #ejc4 ,heav5s1 !1 op5$ to ,jesus at ,8 baptism1 i4 #ddh1 #ddi1 #dej2 n call$ ,god1 nor wor%ipp$ by ! ,jews1 ii4 #bge-bgi4 ,hebrew ,ma/]1 !1 ( ,orig51 cit$1 i4 #ce4 ,hebrews1 !1 n ,egyptians by desc5t1--h[ fre$ f ,egyptian bondage1 ii4 #hh-ib4 ,h]cules1 propos$ by ,celsus to ,*ri/ians z an object ( homage1--! "* (1 ii4 #dge1 #dgf4 ,h]esies among ,*ri/ians no reproa*1 ii4 #if-ih1 #cca-ccc1 #cce4 ,h]mas1 ,! ,%eph]d (1 quot$1 i4 #cd1 #ce1 #bcj1 #cja4 ,h]od seeks to de/roy ! *ild ,jesus1 i4 #dfd1 #dfe4 ,h]oes propos$ by ,celsus to ! ,*ri/ians z objects ( homage sup]ior to _! own1 ii4 #dge4 ,hesiod quot$ z to ! =mation ( ,p&ora1 ii4 #bja1 #bjb4 ,holy ,_s1 !1 ! apo/olic doctr9e (1 i4 #c2 :at1 #aj2 ! exi/5ce (1 #cc2 :at we are taught 9 ,scripture respect+1 #cd2 n creat$1 #ce2 "o ( ! two s]aphim ( ,isaiah1 ibid42 reveals ,god1 #cf2 ! nature ( ,8 work+ z di/+ui%$ f t ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 #cg-dj1 #da1 #dc2 tak5 f ! unwor?y1 #ci2 dwells 9 ! r5ew$1 #ci1 #dj2 be/[$ on ! sa9ts1 #dj2 "o1 #aad2 e rational creature receives a %>e (1 #aad1 #aae2 ! adv5t (1 aft] ! asc5sion ( ,*ri/1 #aae2 gifts (1 #aaf2 ! ,p>aclete1 #aaf1 #aag4 ,hom] quot$ respect+ ! sp>r[1 s]p5t1 & eagle1 ii4 #beh4 ,hope1 !1 ( ,*ri/ians aft] dea?1 ii4 #dej1 #dea4 ,human nature1 ! dignity (1 ii4 #ahc-ahf4 ,humility1 ii4 #ceb1 #cec4 ,idol fe/ivals1 :y n take "p 981 ii1 #eaa1 #eab4 ,idolatry1 ev5 hea!n philosoph]s condemn1 i4 #dja4 ,idols1 ab/95ce f meats (f]$ to1 ii4 #ead1 #eae1 #eaf4 ,ignorance receives no sanction f ,*ri/ianity1 ii4 #abe-aca1 #aed4 ,image ( ,god1 !1 man made 91 i4 #bfb-bfd1 ii4 #dje1 #dhg4 ,image ( ,god's goodness1 !1 i4 #cb4 ,image ( ! invisible ,god1 ,*ri/ !1 i4 #bc1 #bd4 ,images1 n gods1 ii4 #aba2 ! mak+ (1 =bidd5 to ! ,jews1 #aic2 :y ,*ri/ians reject1 #dhj-dhg2 ! true1 ( ,god1 #eje1 #ejf4 ,immortality1 !1 ( rational natures1 i4 #cec4 ,incantations1 n us$ by ,*ri/ians1 i4 #djb1 #djc2 ! p[] ( names 91 ii4 #cae1 #caf4 ,inc>nation1 !1 ( ,*ri/1 i4 #aje2 ! wond]fulness (1 #ajf1 #ajg2 ! int]m$iacy ( ,*ri/'s s\l betwe5 ! fle% & ,god 91 #ajh1 #aji2 ! assumption ( ! s\l 91 a rew>d ( t s\l's virtues1 #aji2 difficulty z to ,*ri/'s possess+ a human s\l1 remov$1 #aaj2 ! subject illu/rat$1 #aaa1 #aab2 implies no *ange 9 ,god1 ! object (1 ii4 #agd1 #age1 #agf-agi2 cavill$ at & ridicul$ by ,celsus1 #dae1 #daf1 #dba1 #dbb4 ,incorporeal1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 i4 #e1 #f4 ,inspiration1 !1 ( ! ,scriptures1 i4 #bgd1 #bhe4 ,in/9ct & reason1 ii4 #bej-bec4 ,int]pretation1 ( ! promises1 n lit]al1 b spiritual1 i4 #adc-adh2 ( ! ,scriptures1 ! true me?od (1 #bia-cbc4 ,isis & ,osiris1 ii4 #cji4 ,israel1 ! c>nal & spiritual1 i4 #cbg4 ,jacob1 & ,esau1 i4 #acc1 #acd2 wre/les ) an angel1 #bcd2 8 prophecy ( ,*ri/1 #dee4 ,james1 ! bro!r ( our ,"l1 i4 #ddg4 ,jesus1 ,8 conv]sation ) ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 i4 #aa2 sil5ce (1 be=e ,8 judges1 #cic2 *>ge ( sorc]y aga9/1 p[] ( ,8 "n1 #djb1 #djc2 act$ by a div9e p[]1 #dbd1 #dbe1 #dbf2 ,celsus introduces a ,jew disput+ )1 & refut+1 #dbf1 #dbg2 ,celsus' defamation (1 turn$ into an argum5t to enhance ! glory & div9e p[] (1 #dbg1 #dcj2 ! atta*m5t ( ,8 disciples to1 & ,8 dea? = m51 #dcj1 #dca2 ! miracul\s bir? (1 v9dicat$ aga9/ ,celsus1 #dca1 #dcb2 pr$ict$ to be born ( a virg91 #dcc2 no rational objection to ! bir? (1 f a virg91 #dcg2 absurdity ( imput+ ! miracles (1 to magic1 #dch1 #dci2 desc5t ( a dove on1 #ddj1 #dda1 #ddb1 #ddc2 no gr\nds = believ+ 9 ,moses :ile ,he is reject$1 #ddd1 #dde2 evid5ce ( ! div9ity ( ! doctr9e (1 #dde1 #ddf2 ! heav5s op5 to1 #ddh1 #ddi1 #dej2 prophecies relat+ to1 #dea1 #deb1 etc42 born 9 ,be?lehem1 #dec2 ! disciples (1 ,celsus' acc\nt ( !m1 #dff-dgj2 flight (1 into ,egypt1 ju/ifi$ aga9/ ,celsus1 #dgb1 #dgc2 ! miracles (1 def5d$1 #dgd2 ! miracles (1 n wr\ght by magic1 #dgd-dgf2 ,celsus' silly c>p+ ab\t ! body (1 expos$1 #dgf1 #dgg2 ,8 promise ( ! ,_s ( tru?1 ii4 #c2 obs]v$ ! ,jewi% law1 #g1 #h2 n arrogant1 b meek & l[ly1 #h2 inconsi/5cy ( ! ,jews 9 reject+1 #i1 #aj2 ,celsus' impea*m5t ( ! ,godhead (1 answ]$1 #aj1 #aa2 nev] broke ,8 promise1 #ac2 nev] attempt$ disgracefully to hide f ,8 enemies1 #ad2 ! betrayal (1 #ae2 ! argum5t ( ,celsus f\nd$ on ! betrayal (1 answ]$1 #ag1 etc42 pr$ictions respect+1--,celsus' mode ( deal+ ) ! pr$ictions respect+1 refut$1 #ah1 #ba2 ! disciples (1 lov]s ( tru?1 #ba2 really suff]$1 di$1 & 0 rais$ f ! dead1--an objection met1 #bb-bd2 if ,he =eknew ! traitor & p]jur]1 :y did !y n desi/ f _! purpose81 #bd1 #be2 ,8 =ekn[l$ge did n compel ! ev5ts =ekn[n1 #be-bh2 ,8 suff]+ real1 & volunt>ily & submissively endur$1 #bi-cc2 pr$ictions conc]n+ ! life (1 #cd1 #ce2 ! union ( k+doms at ! "t ( ! bir? (1 #ce1 #cf2 objection ( ,celsus drawn f ! g5ealogies (1 #cg2 #8:at great de$s did ,he p]=m1 be+ a ,god8' answ]$1 #cg1 #ch2 c\ld ,he n h deliv]$ ,himself f ,8 enemies8--puni%m5t ( ! enemies (1 #ch1 #ci1 #dj2 blood & wat] fl[ f ! side (1--,celsus' mock]y ( ?is1 #dj2 v9eg> & gall giv5 to1 #da2 objection ( ,celsus t ,he ga9$ ov] no "o 9 ,8 life1--:y ! ,jews are blam$ = n believ+ 91 #db-de2 ,celsus' ass]tion t ,he did n %[ ,himself pure f evil1 #dc1 #dd2 numb]$ ) transgressors1 #de1 #df2 conduct ( ! disciples on ,8 be+ appreh5d$1--,celsus' argum5t f\nd$ on ?is refut$1 #dg2 ,celsus' ass]tion t ,he only ga9$ ov] t5 sailors & tax-ga!r]s1 #dg1 #dh2 :y ,*ri/ians 7 won ov] to1 #dh1 #di2 refutation ( ,celsus conc]n+ ! miracles (1 #di-eg2 & ! h]oes ( hea!nism comp>$1 #ei1 #fj2 ! resurrection (1 #fj2 ought ,he to h appe>$ aft] ,8 resurrection to ,8 p]secutors81 #fe-gj2 :y did ,he n escape f ! cross81 #ga1 #gb2 to :om ,he appe>$ aft] ,8 resurrection1 #gd2 purposes ( ,8 mission1 #ge2 ,celsus' argum5t d]iv$ f ! incr$ulity ( ! ,jews1 answ]$1 #gg-ha2 c5sur$ by ,celsus = us+ ?reats1 #gi1 etc42 unbelief ( ! ,jews z to1 pr$ict$ & puni%$1 #hb1 #hc2 ! p[] (1 to diffuse ,8 doctr9e & conv]t m51 #hc1 #hd2 n to be comp>$ ) sculapius1 ,h]cules1 etc41 #ajb1 #ajc2 nor ) ,ari/eas ( ,proconnesus--advantages d]iv$ f1 #ajf-aaa2 nor ) ,ab>is ! ,hyp]borean1 #aab2 nor ) ! ,clazom5ean1 #aac2 nor ) ,cleom$es ( ,a/ypalea1 #aad2 nor ) ,zamolxis1 #aae1 #aaf2 nor ) ,adrian1 #aag1 #aah2 nor ) ,ant9\s1 #aai1 #abj2 ! human nature (1 *ang$ into ,god1 #abb1 #abc2 & ,cretan ,jove1 #abd1 #abe2 ,celsus' objection t ,he 0 s5t to s9n]s1 #ada1 #adb1 #adc2 suff]+ ( ! ,jews = _! crime aga9/1 #ahb1 #ebf1 #ebg2 cavils ( ,celsus respect+--n ! only "o s5t f ,god to m51 #cba1 #cbb2 angels wait on--reply to ,celsus on ?is po9t1 #cbg1 #cbh2 ! s\l (1 jo9$ to ! ,^w1 #chi1 #cij2 p]sonal appe>ance (--,celsus' reproa*es respect+ ?is1 #dah-dbj2 appe>ances aft] ,8 resurrection n %ad[y1 #def2 conduct (1 "u ,8 suff]+s1 #dgf1 #dgg2 dea? (1 #dgh2 ! wor%ip (1 consi/5t ) ! wor%ip ( ! "o ,god1 #ejj1 #eja2 ! ,son ( ,god1 #eja1 #ejb2 n a demon1 #ebc1 #ebd2 fruitfulness ( ! dea? (1 #ebg4 ,jews1 !1 mutilat$ ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 i4 #cgg1 #cgi2 ,celsus ca/s a slight ^u1 #daa1 #dab2 ,num5ius & o!rs speak fav\rably (1 #dab1 #dac2 ! antiquity (1 #dac2 believe 9 "o ,god1 #dbj1 #dba2 falsely accus$ by ,celsus ( angel-wor%ip & sorc]y1 #dbd2 ! inconsi/5cy (1 9 reject+ ,jesus1--_! unbelief =etold1 ii4 #i1 #aj1 #gg1 #hb1 #hc2 puni%m5t ( _! unbelief1 #aj2 :at !y are to be blam$ = respect+ ,jesus1 #da2 ! po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ians &1 n fooli%1 #he1 #hf1 #hh2 h[ !y adh]e to _! religion1 #hg1 #hh2 blund] ( ,celsus z to ! ,egyptian desc5t (1 #hh1 #hi2 ! puni%m5t (1 = _! treatm5t ( ,jesus1 #ahb2 ,celsus' ridicule ( ,*ri/ians &1 #ahc2 v9dicat$ aga9/ ,celsus1 ! law & polity (1 #aib1 #aic2 ! g5ealogy (1 #aie1 #aig1 #aih2 d n wor%ip ! heav5s1 #bgb1 #bgc2 d n consid] ! heav5s to be ,god1 #bgd2 d n b[ d[n to angels1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bgh2 def5d$ aga9/ ! false *>ges ( ,celsus1 #cab1 #cac2 h no?+ 9 common ) ! ,p]sians 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god1 #cad2 ! circumcision practis$ by1 diff]5t f t ( o!r nations1 #cag1 #cah2 reason ( _! ab/95ce f sw9e's fle%1 #cai1 #cbj2 7 highly fav\r$ by ,god1 #cbj1 #cba1 #ecj1 #eca4 ,job1 additions to ! book (1 9 ! ,,lxx41 i4 #cgh2 & 9 ! ,hebrew text1 ibid4 ,john ! ,bapti/ ref]r$ to by ,josephus1 i4 #ddg4 ,jonah & ,jesus1 ii4 #dgh4 ,joseph1 ,celsus' cavils respect+1 ii4 #bac4 ,judaism1 conv]ts f1 d n des]t ! law ( _! fa!rs1 ii4 #a1 #e1 #f4 ,judas1 ! conduct (1 9 betray+1 & aft] betray+1 ,jesus1 ii4 #ae1 #af2 =etold1 #bg4 ,judea & ,j]usalem1 figures ( a heav5ly l&1 ii4 #dea4 ,jupit]1 ! ,cretan1 ii4 #abd1 #abe4 ,j man1 !1 promis$ ri*es1 ii4 #ddd2 h[ he slays & prevails1 #dde4 ,ju/ice & goodness1 _! h>mony & consi/5cy1 i4 #ig-aje4 1 i4 #bef1 #beh4 ,k+s1 ! fav\r (1 accord+ to ,celsus1 to be s\ght1 ii4 #edg1 #edh2 swe>+ by ! =tune (1 #edi2 h[ ,*ri/ians fight = & help1 #eef1 #eeg4 ,k1 ! increase (1 9 ! future /ate1 i4 #adh-aea4 1 i4 #hf4 ,lab\r1 ! wisdom ( ! necessity (1 laid on man1 ii4 #bdb4 ,laius1 & ! oracle giv5 to1 ii4 #bf1 #bg4 ,l&1 ! good1 promis$ by ,god to ! righte\s1 ii4 #dej1 #dea1 #deb4 ,languages1 ! confusion (1 at ,babel1 ii4 #big1 #bih1 #bii4 ,law1 is x ! k+ ( all ?+s81 ii4 #caj1 #caa4 ,law ( ,moses1 !1 ! irrationality & impossibility ( "s ( its precepts tak5 lit]ally1 i4 #cag-cbj2 tw(old1 ii4 #ddc1 #ddd2 promises ri*es to ! j1 #ddd4 ,laws1 ance/ral1 is x impiety to ab&on !m81 ii4 #bic-bih2 :5 ^? ( /ates & natural1 are oppos$1 :i* to be foll[$81 #cjg1 #cjh4 ,light1 !1 n to be wor%ipp$1 ii4 #bgh1 #bgi2 & d>kness1 #dji1 #daj4 ,light1 ,god is1 i4 #h1 #ca4 ,lot & 8 daught]s1 ! /ory (1 assail$ by ,celsus1--explanation (1 ii4 #baa1 #bab4 ,lucif]1 8 fall f heav51 i4 #ea-ec4 ,magi1 ! visit ( !1 to ,jesus1 i4 #dfa1 #dfd4 ,magic1 ! miracles ( ,jesus n wr\ght by1 i4 #dgd-dgf2 ov] :om x has p[]1 ii4 #cgi1 #chj4 ,man1 ! acc\nt ( ! creation (1 ridicul$ by ,celsus1 ii4 #aii1 #bjj2 all ?+s made = ! sake (1 #bci1 #bdj-bdd2 sup]iority (1 ov] irrational animals1 #bdd-bef4 ,m>cion1 ii4 #cbd1 #dag4 ,m>tyrs1 demons afraid (1 ii4 #ebh4 ,ma/]s1 no man c s]ve two1 ii4 #dic4 ,meats & dr9ks1 ab/a9+ f1 ii4 #ead1 #eae1 #eaf4 ,m$iator1 !1 ?r\gh :om we come to ,god1 ii4 #bga1 #bgb4 ,m51 n be comp>$ to bats & worms1 z ,celsus comp>es !m1--! dignity ( _! nature1 ii4 #ahb-ahe2 ,god's c>e ov] ! fir/1 #bdf4 ,m9]va1 ii4 #eej4 ,miracles ( ,jesus1 !1 _! greatness1 i4 #dgd2 n wr\ght by magic1 #dgd-dgf2 v9dicat$ aga9/ ,celsus1 ii4 #di-eg4 ,miracul\s appe>ances1 on ,greek te/imony1 witness$ by m51 ii4 #cbf1 #cbg4 ,mi?rus1 ! my/]ies (1 ref]r$ to by ,celsus1 ii4 #bfj1 #bfb4 ,moses1 8 hi/ory assail$ by ,celsus1 i4 #dad1 #dae2 a *all5ge on behalf ( ! laws (1 #dae1 #daf2 ,celsus /rives to discr$it 8 acc\nt ( creation1 #daf2 a div9e _s 91 #dag2 excell5cy ( ! hi/ory transmitt$ by1 #dah2 no reason = believ+ 91 :ile reject+ ,*ri/1 #ddd1 #dde2 & ,jesus1 ! miracles (1 ii4 #ed-eg1 #eh1 #ei2 ! antiquity (1 #aga2 8 division ( animals into clean & unclean1 #bfj1 #bfa2 ! cosmogony (1 tak5 exception to by ,celsus1 #cij-cib1 #djb1 #djc4 ,"n ( ,jesus1 ! p[] (1 i4 #djc4 ,names1 ! orig91 p[]1 & my/]y (1 i4 #dba1 #dbb1 #dbc2 n unimportant1 ii4 #cae2 ! p[] (1 9 invocations1 #caf4 ,new heav5s & new e>?1 !1 i4 #ef1 #eh4 ,num5ius1 8 treatise on ,! ,good1 i4 #dab4 ,old ,te/am5t1 !1 & ! ,new1 _! tea*+ h>moni\s1 ii4 #ddd1 etc41 #ddg4 ,only-begott5 ,son ( ,god1 ,*ri/ !1 i4 #ah2 ! self-abasem5t (1 #bei4 ,ophites1 !1 ref]r$ to1 ii4 #cfb1 #cfe1 #cff1 #cfg1 #dfb4 ,oppos+ p[]s1 or p[]s ( d>kness1 !1 i4 #bbb1 etc42 our conflict )1 #bcb1 etc4 ,oracles1 ii4 #dbf1 #def2 & responses1 #ebi2 & ! words ( ! prophets1 #ecj4 ,orpheus1 propos$ by ,celsus to ,*ri/ians z an object ( homage1 ii4 #bge1 #bgf4 ,osiris & ,isis1 ii4 #cji4 ,p&ora1 ,hesiod's description ( ! =mation (1 ii4 #bja1 #bjb4 ,pappu1 ii4 #cae-cag4 ,p>ables1 :y ,jesus spoke 91 i4 #aie-bjb4 ,p>aclete1 !1 i4 #aad1 #aaf4 ,p>adise1 !1 prep>$ = dep>t$ sa9ts1 i4 #aea4 ,passions1 !1 :i* affect ! s\l1 i4 #ada4 ,pa/or1 ,!1 ( ,h]mas1 quot$1 i4 #cd1 #ce1 #bcj1 #cja4 ,paul1 8 desire to dep>t1 i4 #aei1 #afj2 8 wisdom1 ii4 #ajj1 #aja4 ,p]secution1 ,jesus & ,8 disciples ju/ifi$ 9 avoid+1 i4 #dga4 ,p]sians1 & ,jews hold no?+ 9 common 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god1 ii4 #bad2 my/]ies ( !1 #cfj2 h no temples1 #dhc2 wor%ip ! creature1 #dhe1 #dhf4 ,pet]1 8 sup]/iti\s adh]5ce to ,jewi% obs]vances1--h[ deliv]$ f x1 ii4 #a-c4 ,ph>aoh1 ! h>d5+ ( ! he>t (1 i4 #aga-aia4 ,philosoph]s1 ! folly & error (1 ii4 #dgj4 ,phnix1 !1 ii4 #bfe4 ,planets1 !1 i4 #hg4 ,plato1 quot$ respect+ ,eros1 ii4 #bjc-bje2 & ,scripture1 ! respective /yles (1 #ccf-cch2 ! inefficacy ( 8 tea*+ comp>$ ) t ( ! ,scriptures1 #cci-cda2 ,jesus does n quote & p]v]t ! words (1 z ,celsus ass]ts1 #ced2 excell$ by ! ,scriptures 9 8 idea ( ,god1 #cee1 #cff2 quot$ z to ,elysium1 #dej2 quot$ z to c]ta9 preci\s /ones1 #deb2 8 ,timu quot$1 #dfd2 on ! av5g+ ( injuries1 #dgi4 ,pott]1 !1 8 p[] ov] ! clay1 i4 #baa1 etc4 ,p[] ( ,god1 !1 i4 #bf1 #bh4 ,pray]1 to :om x is to be made1 ii4 #bgb1 #bgc2 ,*ri/ians use no b>b>\s names 91 #ebb4 ,preci\s /ones1 c]ta91 spok5 ( by ,plato1 ii4 #deb4 ,pr$ictions1 respect+ ,india1 ,egypt1 & ,babylon1 etc41 #cca1 #ccb2 respect+ ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,see ,prophecies4 ,pre-exi/5ce1 !1 ( rational creatures1 i4 #bef-beh4 ,prejudice1 ! p[] (1 i4 #dee4 ,pr9cipalities & p[]s ( d>kness1 !1 i4 #fh-gj4 ,pr9o-prise9 & ,s*9o-s*ise9 difficulty ( int]pretation1 !1 i4 #cge1 #cha1 #chc4 ,promises1 !1 ( future good1 n to be int]pret$ lit]ally & c>nally1 i4 #ade-aec4 ,prophecies1 !1 ! cavils ( ,celsus respect+1 answ]$1 ii4 #dca-ddj1 #dda1 etc42 relat+ to ,*ri/1 #dea1 #dec1 etc41 #def-deh1 #dei4 ,prophets1 !1 ! v>i\s ways ,god spake to1 i4 #chj2 quot$ f ea* o!r1 #chf2 necess>y = ! ,jews1 #dcf1 #dcg2 ! "* (1 ii4 #dcj1 #dca2 p[] ( ! words (1 #ecj4 ,provid5ce1 div9e1 ma9ta9$ aga9/ ,celsus1 ii4 #bdj-bdd1 #bff2 incorrect views (1 rectifi$1 #dhh1 #dhi4 1 i4 #abc4 ,puni%m5t1 future1 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e (1 i4 #adj1 etc41 ii4 #ebd1 #ecb1 #ecd1 #ece4 ,py?agoreans1 ! ab/95ce practis$ by1 ii4 #cbj4 ,py?ian oracle1 !1 ii4 #dbf1 #dbi4 ,qualities always belong to sub/ances1 i4 #cea4 ,que5 ( ,%eba1 !1 ii4 #abf4 ,rational natures1 v>i\s1 i4 #dd1 #de2 capable ( s91 #de2 evil1 #de1 #df2 :e!r any 7 creat$ s z to be incapable ( s9 or ( virtue1 #df1 #dg2 ! glory ( "s & ! wick$ness ( o!rs n orig9al & ess5tial to _! be+1 b ! result ( des]t1 #dh1 #fi2 nev] s9k into ! condition ( irrational animals1 #gj2 c !y lead an exi/5ce out ( ! body1 #hb2 ! immortality (1 #cec1 etc4 ,rep5tance1 attribut$ to ,god1 ii4 #cii1 #djj4 ,re/+1 pr$icat$ ( ,god1 ii4 #djc4 ,re/oration1 !1 ( fall5 be+s1 i4 #ef1 #eg4 ,resurrection1 !1 ( ! body1 i4 #acf2 weak believ]s in/ruct$ on ! subject1 #aci2 ridicul$ by ,celsus1 expla9$ & def5d$1 ii4 #bhb1 #bhe1 #bhf-bhh1 #ded1 #dee4 ,resurrection1 !1 ( ,jesus1 ii4 #ei-fb2 ! belief (1 n ! product ( a dream1 #fc2 :y did n ,jesus %[ ,himself to ,8 enemies aft]1 #fe-gj2 ,8 appe>ances aft]1 n phantom-l1 #deg4 ,ri*es1 promis$ to ! j man1 9 :at s5se1 ii4 #ddd2 ,jesus gave no laws contr>y to ?is promise (1 #ddf4 ,sam>itan woman1 ,jesus conv]ses ) a1 i4 #aa4 ,satan1 ii4 #che2 & ,anti*ri/1 #che1 #chf4 ,see ,devil4 ,scriptures1 !1 ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* respect+1 i4 #e2 ! inspiration (1 #bgd1 etc41 #bhe1 etc42 ! sup]human elem5t 91 does n pres5t itself to ! un9/ruct$1 #bhg-bij2 h[ to be reg>d$ & und]/ood1 #bia1 #bid1 #bii2 a ?reefold s5se 91 #cjj2 ! s\l (1 #cjc-cjh2 ! my/]ies conta9$ 91 #cjh1 etc42 /umbl+-blocks 91 #bab2 ! hi/ories (1 n all pure hi/ory1 b "s to be my/ically und]/ood1 #cac-cbb2 9 reg>d to _m ?+s1 ! hi/orical & lit]al s5se (1 ! true s5se1 #cbc2 passages (1 :i* are true 9 _! hi/orical s5se1 m num]\s ?an ^? :i* are to be spiritually und]/ood1 #cbd2 ! ne$ ( c>eful se>* to di/+ui% betwe5 :at is lit]al 91 & :at is n1 #cbe2 our duty to grasp ! :ole mean+ (1 #cbf2 etymological fancies 91 #chc2 exhortation to ! /udy (1 #cij2 _m ( ! hi/ories (1 allegories1 ii4 #bji1 #baj2 simplicity ( ! /yle (1 comp>$ ) t ( ,plato1 #cbf-cch2 ! inefficacy ( ! tea*+ ( ,plato comp>$ ) t (1 #cci-cda2 exce$ ,plato 9 ! idea !y give ( ,god1 #cee1 #cef4 ,scy?ian & ,greek names ( ,god1 ii4 #cgg1 #cgh4 ,secret associations1 ,*ri/ians *>g$ by ,celsus ) ent]+ into1--reply1 i4 #cij4 ,sects among ,*ri/ians1 ii4 #cca-ccc1 #cce4 ,see+ ,god1 i4 #af1 #ag1 ii4 #dfe1 #dff4 ,s5se & ! s5ses1 i4 #ae4 ,septuag9t1 additions to ! ,scripture 9 !--def5ce ( ^! additions1 i4 #cga-cgc4 ,s]aphim1 !1 i4 #ce1 #cdj1 #cda4 ,s]apis1 ii4 #cji4 ,s]iphian & ,!mi/ocles1 i4 #dbh4 ,s]p5t1 !1 ,celsus ridicules ! /ory ( ! temptation by1 ii4 #bjc2 is ! devil1 #dhc4 ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 ,!1 i4 #cd1 #ce1 #bcj1 #cja4 ,sic>ians1 !1 ii4 #ai4 ,sil5ce1 !1 ( ,jesus be=e ,8 judges1 i4 #cic4 ,simonians1 !1 ii4 #ccb1 #cdh4 ,s91 inc5tives to1 ii4 #bbf4 ,s9n]s1 ,*ri/ianity invites & re/ores to virtue1 ii4 #aci-add2 a *ange ( life possible =1 ass]t$ aga9/ ,celsus1 #ade-adi4 ,sneez+1 accord+ to ! poets1 prophetic1 ii4 #bfa4 ,socrates pron\nc$ ! wise/ ( m51 ii4 #dbi4 ,son1 ! only-begott51 ( ,god1 ,*ri/ !1 i4 #ah2 self-abasem5t (1 #beg2 subjection (1 to ! ,fa!r1 #bfj-bfb2 ! g5]ation (1 #cdb1 #cdc2 ! adv5t & inc>nation (1 #cde-cdg2 ! dignity (1 ii4 #cjh1 #chh1 #chi1 #ejb2 ! s\l ( ,jesus jo9$ )1 #chi1 #cij2 ,celsus misrepres5ts ! views ( ,*ri/ians respect+1 #ejc4 8,sons ( ,god0 & 8daught]s ( m510 ii4 #cbe4 ,sorc]y1 ,jesus *>g$ )1 by ,celsus1 i4 #djb1 #djc2 ! ,jews *>g$ )1 #dbd2 ! miracles ( ,jesus n wr\ght by1 ii4 #di-ef2 ! p[] (1 attribut$ by ,celsus to c]ta9 animals1 #beb1 etc4 ,s\l1 !1 apo/olic tea*+ respect+1 i4 #d2 a lo/1 #aba1 #abb2 mean+ ( ! ^w1 #abc1 #abd2 & _s ( ,*ri/1 #abe2 :y act$ on sometimes by evil spirits & sometimes by good1 #bdb1 etc42 & body alike ! "w ( ,god1 ii4 #bbj-bbf4 ,s\ls1 v>i\s sorts (1 #aah1 #aai2 ( angels & ( ,god1 #aai1 #abj2 has man two8--?ree !ories discuss$1 #bdd-beb2 good & bad1 ii4 #dbh4 ,_s1--:at81 i4 #i4 ,_s ( tru?1 !1 promis$ by ,jesus1 ii4 #c1 #d2 p]petually be/[$1 #dab1 #dac4 ,spirits1 wick$1 _! mode ( op]ation1 i4 #bda2 good1 _! ag5cy1 #bdb4 ,spiritual body1 !1 i4 #bff1 #bfg4 ,spl5d\r ( ! et]nal light1 ,*ri/ !1 i4 #cj4 ,spoil+ ! ,egyptians1 i4 #chh1 #chi4 ,/>1 !1 ( ! wise m51 i4 #dfb1 #dfd4 ,/>s1 liv+ rational be+s capable ( s91 i4 #fa1 #fb4 ,/ony he>t1 !1 h[ tak5 away1 i4 #aia1 etc4 ,/umbl+-blocks design$ly plac$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 i4 #cab4 ,subjection1 !1 ( ! ,son to ! ,fa!r1 i4 #bfj1 etc4 ,sub/ance1 i4 #cej4 ,suff]+ ( ,*ri/1 !1 pr$ict$1 i4 #def1 #deg4 ,sun1 !1 & o!r planets end[$ ) life & s\ls1 i4 #ei-fe4 ,sup]iority & inf]iority1 n to be decid$ by a bodily /&>d1 ii4 #ahd4 ,susanna1 ! /ory (1 inquiry ( ,africanus respect+ ! g5u95ess (1 i4 #cfi1 #cgj2 ,orig5's def5ce ( ! g5u95ess (1 #cga1 etc4 ,sw9e's fle%1 ab/95ce f1 ii4 #cai1 #cbj4 ,temple1 ! true1 ( ,god1 i4 #ejf1 #ejg4 ,temptations1 proportion$ to ! /r5g? ( ! tempt$1 ii4 #bbg-bbi2 human1 treat$ ( at l>ge1 #bdd1 etc4 8,?+s 9 heav51 e>?1 & "u ! e>?10 ii4 #eg4 ,?omas1 ! scepticism (1 ii4 #fd1 #fe4 ,?\ghts1 h[ sugge/$1 i4 #bbi1 #bcj4 ,?reefold s5se ( ,scripture1 !1 i4 #cjj1 etc4 ,?rones1 dom9ions1 etc41 i4 #ef4 ,tobias1 i4 #chd4 ,tr9ity1 !1 ! unity & op]ations ( ! p]sons (1 i4 #cg-da2 ! sum ( ! doctr9e (1 #cdb1 etc4 ,tru? is tru?1 by :omsoev] spok51 ii4 #dhj2 h[ s]v$ up z food by philosoph]s & prophets & ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 #dhj1 #dha4 ,typical int]pretation1 i4 #cjf4 ,tyre1 ! pr9ce (1 i4 #di-ea4 ,union among ,*ri/ians1 ! basis (1 ii4 #if1 etc4 ,unity ( op9ion1 n *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ians f ! beg9n+1 ii4 #id4 ,vanity1 ! creature made subject to1 i4 #fc-fe1 #beg1 #beh4 ,v>iety1 !1 ( creatures 9 ! _w1 i4 #abh2 accordance ( ?is ) righte\sness & reason1 #aca1 etc42 br\ght to pass by ! free-w ( individuals1 #acb-acf4 ,veil on ! he>t1 !1 i4 #i4 ,vessels to hon\r & to di%on\r1 i4 #bac4 ,v9eg> & gall1 !1 pr$ict$1 ii4 #da4 ,virg9 ,"m1 !1 vilifi$ by ,celsus1 v9dication (1 i4 #dbf1 #dbg1 #dca1 #dcc2 pr$iction ( ! bir? ( ,*ri/ (1 #dcd1 #dce2 ! bir? ( ,jesus (1 op5 to no fair objection1 #dcg1 #dch4 ,w1 ! free1 i4 #d1 #acb1 #acc1 #aeg1 etc42 able to resi/ ext]nal causes1 #afa2 its fre$om prov$ f ,scripture1 #afe4 ,wisdom1 ?reefold1 i4 #bcg2 ( ! _w1 #bch2 ( ! pr9ces ( ! _w1 #bci2 ! sort condemn$ by ,*ri/ianity1 #daj2 ( ,*ri/ianity1 #ajj1 #aja2 ,*ri/ianity design$ to imp>t1 #abf1 etc42 human & div9e1 #cej1 #cea1 #ceb4 ,wisdom ( ,god1 ,*ri/ !1 i4 #ai1 #bj1 #bf1 #bh4 8,wood1 hay1 /ubble10 ii4 #agc4 ,^w1 ! inc>nation ( !1 ii4 #agd1 #age2 diff]5t appe>ances ( !1 #agf2 f9al univ]sal victory ( !1 #eee4 ,words1 n to be specially consid]$ by se>*]s aft] tru?1 b ! mean+ (1 i4 #cci1 #cda4 ,words ( ,*ri/1 !1 i4 #a4 ,_w1 !1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* respect+1 i4 #e2 ! great v>iety 91 #gb2 cause ( ! v>iety 91 #gb1 #gc2 ! unity (1 9 div]sity1 #gc1 #gd2 ! on5ess (1 prov$ f ,scripture1 #ge2 ! matt] (1 & its trans=mations & qualities1 #ge2 ! matt] (1 n uncreat$1 #gf1 #gg2 ! beg9n+ (1--0 !re "o be=e1 & %all !re be "o aft]81 #gi2 ?is1 ! conclusion ( _m ages1 #he2 diff]5t mean+s ( ! ^w 9 ,scripture1 #hf2 ano!r besides ?is1 #hf1 #hg1 etc42 compreh5siv5ess (1 & v>iety ( creatures 91 #abh-acj2 ! accordance ( ?is v>iety 91 ) righte\sness & reason1 #aca1 etc42 ! cause ( ! v>iety 91 #acd-acf2 _h its beg9n+ 9 "t1 #bec2 %all come to an end1 #bee1 etc42 ano!r %all exi/ aft] ?is1 #bee2 ! end (1 #bfb1 etc4 ,worlds1 !1 n simil>1 b dissimil>1 i4 #hd4 ,wor%ip1 to be giv5 to ,god alone1 & n to gods or demons1 ii4 #dhi-ejj2 ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 #ejj1 #eja2 equally acceptable to ,god 9 diff]5t languages1 #ebb4 ,wra? ( ,god1 !1 ii4 #bcg-bci4 ,z5o1 ! reasons :y ! foll[]s (1 ab/a9 f adult]y1 ii4 #dhd4 ,zipporah1 & ! circumcision ( ,moses' son1 ii4 #cah1 #cai4 ,,end ,,( ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,murray ,,& ,,gibb1 ,,ed9burgh1 ,,pr9t]s ,,to ,,h] ,,maje/y',s ,,/ation]y ,,(fice4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text t 0 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics74 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to foll[ ! *apt]s 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4